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GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE. 

Bt  SYLVAHUS  urban,  Gekt. 

VOLUME    XXXVI. 

NEW  SERIES. 

Li'ii) 

.  MDCCCLI. 
JULY  TO  DECEMBER  inclusive. 


LONDON; 

JOHN  BOWYER  NICHOLS  AND  SON, 

1851. 


LONDON  : 


J.  B.  NICHOLS  AND  SON,  PBINTRRS, 
25,  PARLIAMSNT  STRBBT. 


.G3 


PREFACE. 


The  close  of  another  year,  and  that  on  many  accounts  an  un- 
questionable annus  mirabilis,  calls  upon  us  again  to  express  our 
gratitude  to  the  public  for  much  kind  support,  and  our  thanks  to  our 
contributors  for  the  zeal  and  ability  with  which  they  have  enabled 
us  to  carry  on  our  Historical  Magazine.  As  the  busy  course  of  life 
flows  onwards  it  is  ours  to  instruct  and  animate  the  men  of  the  pre- 
sent day  by  holding  up  that  guiding  light  which  may  be  derived 
from  the  traditions  of  the  past.  It  is  ours  also  to  keep  in  store  for 
the  use  of  our  successors  those  contemporary  memorials  and  records 
without  a  knowledge  of  which  History  is  a  mere  romance.  Such  a 
publication  as  our  present  Magazine  is  rendered  necessary  by  a 
craving  and  desire  which  are  inherent  in  our  natures.  The  time 
present  is  far  too  narrow  for  men's  thoughts.  It  is  our  privilege  and 
prerogative  to  "look  before  and  after."  History  alone  enables  us 
to  penetrate  the  shadows  which  hang  upon  the  past ;  History  alone 
teaches  us  with  the  certainty  of  experience  what  may  be  anticipated 
in  the  future. 

It  is  upon  the  sure  foundation  of  this  natural  and  universal  want 
that  we  build  our  Magazine ;  and  we  appeal  for  support  to  all  per- 
sons who  acknowledge  within  themselves  the  promptings  of  the  feel- 
ing which  we  have  described.  Entertaining  these  notions  of  our 
position  and  objects,  we  shaU  constantly  persevere  in  our  endeavour 
to  do  what  is  consistent  with  them.  Writing  with  no  party  purpose, 
we  shall  strive  that  our  Magazine  may  be  distinguished  by  its  calm 
and  truthful  sobriety,  by  its  careful  dealing  with  facts,  by  its  fearless 
asserti(m  of  whatever  is  true,  and  its  support  of  whatever  is  wise  and 
good  among  all  classes  and  parties  of  mankind.     Acting  upon  these 


principles,  we  will  not  allow  ourselves  to  doubt  that  public  favour 
will  stjll  continue  to  be  shewn  to  our  efforts,  and  that  to  return  his 
semestral  thanks  for  long-continued  favour  will  yet  for  years  to  come 
be  the  pleasing  duty  of  the  Father  of  this  division  of  our  literature. 


SyLVANUS  UBBiN. 


is,  Parliament  Street,  We»lmimUr, 
Mil  December,  1831. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S   MAGAZINE 

AMD 

HISTOUrCAL   REVIEW. 

JULY,  1851. 


CONTENTS. 

FA  OB 

MxNOB  COBBKSPONDSNCB.— Portrait  of  Oliver  Cromwell— The  trtnslttion  of  MGIIer*K 
History  of  Grecian  Literature— Holyday  Yard— Patrick  Ruthven— Cardinals'  Hats, 
&c.  ftc i 

The  Present  State  of  English  Historical  Literature  :  1.  Accessibility 

of  our  Historical  Materials ;  2.  The  Record  Offices 3 

Costs  of  the  Pedestal  of  King  Charles's  Statue  at  Charing  Cross    10 

The  Day- Books  op  Db.  Hbnby  Sampson.— Mr.  Frankland's  appeal  to  Charles  II.— Dr. 
Oates's  story  of  the  same  King— Mr.  Baxter  and  Dr.  Owen— Men  that  have  leapt  to 
great  estates— Lord  Chief  Justice  Hale— Chancellor  Hyde— Seijeant  Maynard's 
report  of  a  case  of  Witchcraft— Mr.  Robert  Ferguson's  escapes— Mr.  Rumbold— 
The  Countryman  and  the  watch— King  William's  leave-taking  at  Amsterdam— 
Merrory  taken  inwardly U 

The  Infinity  of  Geometric  Design  (with  Engravings) 17 

Christian  Iconoorapht  and  Legendary  Art  :  by  J.  G.  Waller. — The 

Heavenly  Host,    Third  Order  —  Principalities,  Archangels,  Angels  {with 

Engravings) ^ 

Companions  of  my  Solitude 29 

The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn,  related  by  Peter  Cunningham,  Chapter  VII.  {with 

Portraits  of  her  two  Sons,  by  Biooteling) 33 

Sussex  ARCHiSOLOGT — Discoveries  in   the  Collegiate  Chapel  at  Arundel — 

Badges  of  the  Families  of  Pelham  and  De  la  Warr  (with  Engravings)   ....  39 

Correspondence  of  Horace  Walpole  and  the  Rev.  William  Mason 45 

National  Education 49 

The  Saxon  Chieftain :  written  on  opening  a  Saxon  Grave    54 

NOTES  OP  THB  MONTH.— The  Great  Exhibition— Conversazione  at  the  Mansion 
House— Lord  Rosse's  Soir^s— Admission  given  to  Northumberland  House  and  to 
the  Earl  of  Ellesmere's— Exhibition  of  Pictures  by  Amateurs— St.  Peter's  Chair; 
the  Cofic  Inscription  conjectured  to  have  been  a  hoax  of  the  Baron  Denon— Recent 
publications M 

MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Conversations  of  Goethe  with  Eckermann  and  Soret, 
58;  The  Architectural  Quarterly  Review,  No.  1.  61 ;  Shaw's  Decorative  Arts  of  the 
Middle  Ages^  62;  Ttie  Chronicle  of  Battel  Abbey.  62;  Wilton  and  its  Associations, 
68;  Bowring's  Translation  of  Schiller's  Poems,  64;  Tlie  Talbot  Case,  by  the  Rev. 
Hobart  Seymour,  64 ;  Illustrated  Ditties  of  the  Olden  Time    69 

UTERART  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE.— Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cam- 
bridge—Royal Geographical  Society— Royal  Asiatic  Society 69 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries— Archeoloeical  Institute— 

ArcbKological  Association— Bury  and  West  Suffolk  Archaeological  Institute 67 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Pariiament,  72;  Foreign  News,  74; 

Domestic  Occurrences 76 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  77  ;  Births,  78;  Marriages   78 

OBITUARY:  with  Memoirs  of  the  Duchess  of  Leochtenberg ;  Marchioness  of  Lans- 
downe;  Earl  of  Shaftesbury ;  Earl  of  Bantry ;  Earl  of  Cottenham  ;  Viscount  Strath- 
allan ;  Viscount  Newry  and  Mome ;  Lord  Montfort :  Right  Hon.  R.  L.  Sheil ;  Rev. 
Sir  Robert  Affleck,  Bart. ;  Sir  Claudius  Stephen  Hunter,  Bart. ;  Major-Gen.  Sir 
H.  L.  Bethune,  Bart. ;  Msjor-Gen.  Sir  William  Morison ;  Sir  William  Stephenson 
Clark ;  Malor-Gen.  Palmer ;  John  Power,  Esq. ;  Michael  Bland,  Esq. ;  Henry  Bame 
Sawbridfre,  Esq. ;  W.  J.  Bagshawe,  Esq. ;  Mrs.  Shelley ;  Rev.  W.  M.  Kinsey ;  Capt. 
Charles  Gray,  R.M.;  Mr.  Dowton 81— »7 

Clbboy  Deceased    W 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order   98 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  1Q3 ;  B^eteoro- 

loffical  Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks  104 


Bt  SYLVANUS  urban,  Gent. 


9 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Portrait  of  Oliver  Cromwell. 
In  the  Appendix  to  the  second  Volume 
of  *  The  Correspondence  of  John  Hughes, 
Esq.  author  of  the  Siege  of  Damascus,* 
(2nd  edition,  1773)  there  is  a  paper  re- 
specting Mrs.  Bridget  Bendish,  grand- 
daughter of  Oliver  Cromwell,  written  by 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Say,  a  well-known  Dis- 
■toting  minister.  At  p.  ii.  of  this  paper 
Mr.  Say  remarks  that  Mrs.  Bendish  exactly 
resembled  the  best  picture  of  Oliver  which 
he  had  ever  seen,  '  and  which  is  now,'  he 
says,  '  at  Rose  Hall  in  the  possession  of 
Sir  Robert  Rich.*  This  was  written  in 
1719,  when  Rose  Hall,  or  Rous  Hall,  near 
Beccles  in  Suffolk,  was  the  family  seat  of 
the  Riches,  the  descendants  of  Robin 
Rich  the  lawyer,  the  principal  witness 
against  Sir  Thomas  More.  In  the  century 
which  has  since  elapsed  Rose  Hall  has 
lost  its  dignity,  and  the  Riches  have  be- 
come extinct.  In  the  midst  of  these  mu- 
tations can  any  one  tell  what  has  become 
of  the  portrait  of  Oliver ;  the  best  picture 
of  him  which  Mr.  Say  had  ever  seen,  and 
which  Mrs.  Bendish  (a  high  compliment 
tn  pay  a  lady)  so  exactly  resembled  ?  Can 
this  statement  refer  to  the  miniature  by 
Oooper  engraved  as  a  frontispiece  to  Mr. 
Carlyle's  collection  of  Cromwell's  Letters, 
^nd  which  is  now  in  the  possession  of 
Mrs.  Bendish's  descendant  archdeacon 
Berners  ?  Q. 

In  our  recent  notice  of  **  Dr.  Smith's 
Dictionaries  of  Antiquities  and  Biogra- 
phy," (Gent.  Ma?,  for  June  1851,  p. 
627,)  we  have  ascribed  the  English  trans- 
lation of  Karl  Ottfried  Mailer's  "  History 
of  Grecian  Literature  "  to  Mr.  Cornewall 
Lewis  alone.  The  i^ersion  was  however 
jkiade  by  that  gentleman  in  conjunction 
with  another  distinguished  scholar,  the 
Hev.  J.  W.  Donaldson,  D.D.  head  master 
•f  King  Edward's  School,  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's.  Dr.  Donaldson  also  appended  to 
MQller*8  text  various  original  annotations. 

With  reference  to  the  paper  entitled 
•*  Fourier  and  Foorierism,"  published  in 
our  Magasinefor  May,  1851,  Mr.  Doherty 
has  written  to  us  to  say,  that  he  **  is  not 
a  disciple  of  Fourier.*'  We  are  pleased 
to  be  authorised  to  make  the  announce- 
ment. 

It  was  stated  in  our  March  number  for 
this  year,  p.  303,  that  George  Sloane 
Is  a  barrister.  W.  H.  H  assures  us  '*  that 
be  is  not,  and  I  am  confident  never  was, 
out  merely  a  licensed  special  pleader  ; 
this  year's  Law  List  omits  his  name,  even 
in  the  Utter  capacity." 


S.  J.  remarks  that  in  the  will  of  the 
celebrated  Dr.  Robert  South,  he  finds 
mention  of  certain  messuages  of  which 
Dr.  South  possessed  a  lease,  which  are 
said  to  be  situate  in  or  near  Holydat 
Yard  in  London.  "  Whereabouts,"  asks 
S.  J.  "  was  Holyday  Yard  ?  I  do  not 
find  it  in  Cunningham's  Hand  Book." 

Patrick  Ruthven,  fifth  son  of  Wil- 
liam Earl  of  Gowrie  and  father  of  Mary 
the  wife  of  Vandyck,  was  confined  in  the 
Tower  from  1603  to  \622,  when  he  was 
allowed  to  reside  first  at  Cambridge  and 
afterwards  in  Somersetshire.  His  daughter 
Mary  was  married  to  Vandyck  in  1640,  at 
which  time  her  father  was  described  as  of 
St.  Martin's -in-the- Fields,  esquire.  let- 
ters of  administration  of  the  effects  of 
Patrick  Ruthven,  described  as  Patrick 
Lord  Ruthern  late  of  Scotland,  but  in  the 
parish  of  Saint  George's  in  South wark.  in 
the  county  of  Surrey,  deceased,  were 
granted  in  March  1656-7  to  Patrick 
Ruthven,  esquire,  his  '*  natural  and  lawful 
son.*'  B.  will  be  very  much  obliged  for 
any  information  respecting  the  marriage 
of  Patrick  Ruthven,  his  residence  at  Cam- 
bridge or  in  Somersetshire,  his  death  in 
St.  George's  in  Southwark,  or  indeed  re- 
specting any  other  of  the  facts  of  his  me- 
lancholy history. 

E.  C.  D.  who  seeks  for  information  re- 
specting the  antiquity  of  the  Costume  ow 
Cardinals  will  find  information  upon 
the  subject  in  the  Dictionnaire  Raisonn^ 
de  Diplomatique,  article  **  Cardinal.'*  It 
appe-irs  that  the  red  hat  was  given  to 
Cardinals  by  Innocent  IV.  at  the  Council 
of  Lyons  in  1243.  Only  Legates  a  latere 
had  before  borne  that  mark  of  distinction. 
Cardinals  who  belonged  to  monastic  or- 
ders continued  to  wear  the  costume  of 
their  respective  orders  until  1691,  when 
Gregory  XIV.  conferred  upon  them  the 
privilege  of  **  le  rouge."  Boniface  VIII. 
gave  them  the  purple  about  the  end  of  the 
13th  century.  Several  of  them  had  already 
worn  it,  especially  in  embassies.     Paul  1 1. 

gave  them  the  small  scarlet  cap,  the  white 
orse  and  housings  of  purple  in  14G4. 
W*e  have  received  a  Retrospect  of  the 
Literary  Avocationt  and  Per/ormaucea  of 
Edward  8.  Byam^  esq.  of  which  fifty 
copies  have  been  printed  for  private  cir- 
culation. Mr.  Byam  is  the  author  oft 
pamphlet  published  in  1811,  entitled 
<•  The  West  Indians  Defended } "  and  ka* 
throughout  his  life  been  warmly  devoted 
to  genealogical  and  historical  researches. 


tnk 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


ASD 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  PRESENT  STATE  OF  ENGLISH  HISTORICAL  LITERATURE. 

i.  accsssibilitt  op  our  historical  materials. 

2.  The  Record  Offices. 


V 

Wheh  we  last  treated  this  subject,* 
we  endeavoured  to  show  that  the  cus- 
t/ody  of  all  documeDts  ought  to  have 
relation  to  their  use ;  that  Records, 
documents  which,  as  their  name  im- 
ports, "give  record,"  that  is,  "bear 
witness  in  courts  of  law,'*  should  be 
kept  in  si^ch  a  way  as  is  consistent 
with  their  legal  character ;  that  State 
Papsss  which  relate  to  recent  public 
political  transactions  should  be  pre- 
served with  all  the  care  and  secresy  of 
important  private  papers ;  whiUt  His- 
torical Papers,  papers  which  have 
no  bearing  upon  the  political  business 
of  the  day,  nor  can  be  given  in  evi- 
dence as  records,  should  be  so  kept 
that  they  may  be  open  to  every  in- 
quirer who  desires  to  put  them  to  their 
only  use ;  that,  namely,  which  is  con- 
nected with  historical  or  antiquarjan 
inquiry.  We  further  endeavoured  to 
shew  that  the  errors  in  our  existing 
modes  of  custody  arise  out  of  our  inat- 
tention to  these  obvious  distinctions ; 
that  we  subject  mere  historical  papers  to 
constrained  and  jealous  modes  of  cus- 
tody which,  in  their  case,  are  altogether 
inapplicable  and  ridiculous ;  and  that 
by  such  conduct  we  not  only  do  in- 
finite injury  to  historical  literature, 
and  give  indirect  encouragement  to 
trashy  and  contemptible  publications 
which  deprave  the  public  taste,  but 
that  we  burthen  the  public  purse  with 
the  maintenance  of  a  costly  machinery 
for  the  preservation  of  papers  which 


do  not  require  any  machinery  of  the 
kind  ;  that  we  place  ourselves  nation^ 
ally  in  a  position  of  degradation  when 
compared  with  the  judicious  liberality 
of  many  foreign  countries ;  and  that 
we  encourage  an  opinion,  dangerous  tp 
our  national  welfare  and  the  stability 
of  our  institutions,  that  our  govern- 
ment, whether  it  be  Whig  or  Tory, 
cares  nothing  about  literature  and  the 
pursuits  of  literary  men,  but  deter- 
mines all  questions  in  relation  to  such 
subjects,  nut  with  a  fair  consideration 
of  the  value  of  literature  and  its  iii^« 
portant  connection  with  all  the  bless- 
ings of  civilization,  but  upon  mere 
official  grounds ;  a  desire  to  aggran* 
disc  some  particular  office,  or  to  retain 
some  paltry  fee. 

Having  treated  of  the  State  Paper 
Office,  and  shewn  the  singular  narrow* 
ness  and  absurdity  of  the  system  of 
management  which  predominatey 
there,  and  the  utter  impossibility,  in 
ordinary  cases,  of  the  valuable  histoii* 
cal  papers  in  that  repository  being  used 
for  historical  purposes,  we  come  Uf 
consider  what  is  the  state  in  this  re- 
spect of  our 

Record  Otfices. 

Are  they  placed  under  a  system  of 
management  which  is  in  confonnitT 
with  tlie  requirements  of  our  historical 
literature  ;  a  system  so  contrived  as  to 
give  historical  students,  persons  who 
desire  to  commemorate  the  facts  of 


*  Gent.  Mag.  for  March,  1851,  p.  227. 


The  Present  Stale  of  English  Historical  Literature.    [July, 


our  national  history  for  the  general 
instruction,  reasonable  facilities  of 
access  to  the  documents  from  which 
alone  those  facts  can  be  derived  ?  AV'e 
shall  see. 

It  is  universally  allowed  that  we 
have  a  very  noble  collection  of  national 
Becords.    Writers  upon  the  subject 
have  expatiated  on  their  value  with 
diffuified  enthusiasm.      "  Happily  for 
uv'  remarked  Sir  Joseph  Ayloffe  in 
1784,  **our  stores  of  public  records 
are  justly  reckoned  to  excel  in  age, 
beauty,    correctness,    and    authority 
whatever  the  choicest  archives  abroad 
can  produce  of  the  like  sort.     By  an 
appeal  to  them  the  lawyer  and  the  his- 
torian may  receive  satisfaction  in  all 
their  inquiries,  whether  confined  to  the 
rectifying  the  mistakes  into  which  some 
writers  have  fallen,  and  to  the  clearing 
np  and  explaining  of  those  difficulties 
in  our  history  which  have  for  a  long 
time    seemed     unsurmountable ;     or 
whether  they  are  enlarged  and  ex- 
tended to  the  attainment  of  a  thorough 
Imowledge  of  the   laws,  constitution, 
and  polity  of  the  kingdom.  .  . .  Great 
as  these  benefits  are  to  the  public,  vet 
they  are  far  from  being  the  most  nn- 
portant  services  which  the  public  re- 
cords  and  muniments  afford  to  us ; 
they  are  the  treasuries  and  conserva- 
tors of  our  laws,  and  the  standard  to 
which  we  must  resort  for  the  resolving 
and    ascertaining    all     constitutional 
points ;  they  are  the  te^itimonies  of  our 
legislation,   and  of  all  juridical   and 
judicial  proceedings,  and  the  perpetual 
eridence  of  every  man*s  rights,  privi- 
leges,  and  liberties."      Nor   is   more 
modem  testimony  less  emphatic.  That 
everyway      accomplished    gentleman 
whose  public    position     as    Deputy 
Keeper  of  the  Records  renders  him 
most  familiar  with  their  contents,  and 
whose  learned  writings  prove  to  de- 
monstration that  he  can  use  the  Re- 
cords as  skilfully  as  he  preserves  them. 
Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  has  just    in- 
formed us,*  that  **  our  English  archives 
are  unparalleled — none    are    equally 
ample,  varied,  and  continuous;  none 
have  descended  from  remote  times  in 
equal  preservation  and  regularity,  not 
even  the  archives  of   the  Vatican." 


Glorious  possession!  evidence,  as  Sir 
Francis  reminds  us,  of  the  exemption  of 
our  country,  in  comparison  with  other 
nations,  from   the  miseries  of  hostile 
devastation,  whether  of  foreign  foes  or 
of  domestic  dissensions.     The  almost 
interminable    series  of    record    rolls 
confers,  in  the  estimation  of  a  lover  of 
the  human   race   and   a  friend  to  its 
growth  in  rational  freedom,  a  deeper 
interest  upon  the  White  Tower  which 
is  the  place  of  its  deposit,  than  all  the 
ancient  splendours  of  its  chivalrous 
gaieties  and  the  midnight  murders  by 
which  it  has  been  stained.    In  these 
records  we  behold  the  deep  founda- 
tions of  that  advance  towards  the  very 
perfection  of  freedom  which  for  cen- 
turies we  have  been  making.    They 
contain  the  pedigree  of  our  liberties 
Whilst  other  nations  have  over  and 
over  again  entered  anew  upon  what 
they   have  called    the  first  year    of 
liberty,  we  have  stood  upon  the  old 
paths,  and,  connecting  ourselves  with 
the  generations  of  ancient  times  by 
these,  we  trust,  indissoluble  links,  have 
gone  on  inheriting  and  acquiring,  ever 
holding  fast  and  yet  urging  forward, 
teaching  the  world    and    imprinting 
indelibly  on  our  own  hearty  that  pur 
free  institutions  are  not  the  product  of 
untried  speculation  or  of  revolutionary 
frenzy,  but    an  inheritance    derived 
from  noble  ancestors,  whose  memory 
it  becomes  us  to  cherish  and  whose 
works  it  is  our  wisdom  as  well  as  our 
bounden  duty  to  maintain,  not  blindly 
or  slavishly,  but  by  adapting  them 
from  time  to  time,  as  our  ancestors 
themselves  did,  to  the  ever-changing 
civcumstances  of  an  ever-changing  life. 
But,  besides  their  political  and  na- 
tional interest^  we  have  been  assured 
by  Sir  Joseph  Ayloffe,  and  reminded 
by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  of  the  jgreat 
historical  and  literary  value  oi  our 
records.      They    are    not— even    the 
oldest  of  them — mere  "  archssological 

curiosities."! 

The  Saxon  charters  and  Domesday 
book,  our  Rolls  of  the  Curia  Regis  and 
the  Pipe,  our  Close  and  Patent  Rolls, 
considered  as  mere  historical  monu- 
ments, are  as  full  of  instruction,  to 
say  the  least  of  them,  as  our  cathedrals, 


*  The  History  of  Normandy  and  of  England,  by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  i.  80. 
t  Palgrafe,  i.  83. 


1861.] 


The  Record  Offices. 


as  tbe  relics  of  Rome  or  Egypt,  as  the 
fragments  of  the  Parthenon  and  the 
marbles  of  Nineveh.  There  is  not  one 
of  them  that  in  competent  hands  can- 
not be  made  to  yield  its  ^uota  of  in- 
formation about  the  institutions,  the 
way  of  the  life,,  and  the  sayings  and 
the  doings  of  our  ancestors. 

Of  course  it  will  be  universally  sup- 
posed that  muniments  so  curious  and 
80  valuable,  so  richly  fraught  with 
historical  knowledge  of  all  kinds  and 
upon  all  subjects,  are  freely  used  and 
referred  to  by  our  historians  and  anti- 
quarian writers — are  indeed  their  con- 
stant and  peculiar  study.  The  very 
reverse  of  this  is  the  fact.  For  any- 
thing that  appears  to  the  contrary  in 
Br.  Lin^ard  s  History  of  England,  that 

Sinstakmg  writer  never  saw  a  record. 
e  used  with  exemplarv  care  the 
books  in  which  a  few  of  them,  speak- 
ing comparatively,  have  been  printed 
with  innumerable  mistakes  and  inac- 
curacies ;  but  of  the  orijo^inais  and  the 
▼ast  unprinted  mass  it  is  obvious  that 
he  knew  absolutely  nothing.  The 
same  thinc^  mav  be  said  of  Sharon 
Turner.  He  added  to  his  use  of  the 
printed  authorities  an  occasional  con- 
sultation of  a  MS.  at  the  British  Mu- 
seum; but,  judging  from  his  works,  he 
never  consulted  a  single  record.  We 
need  not  speak  of  other  historians.  The 
two  eminent  persons  we  have  named 
are  leaders  and  types  of  the  historical 
class  of  writers  of  the  present  daj. 

The  same  thing  may  be  said  in  re* 
ference  to  the  proceedincs  of  the 
Socie^  of  Antiquaries.  Who  ever 
finds  m  the  Archseologia  a  paper  or 
disquisition  built  upon  the  evidence  of 
records?  The  manuscript  stores  of 
the  British  Museum  have  been  ran- 
sacked for  years  to  supply  Thursday 
evening  readings,  but  how  seldom  has 
the  Bocietjr  been  called  upon  to  listen 
to  an  elucidation  of  an  historical  fact 
by  means  of  those  archives  which  are 
avowed  to  be  the  best  and  noblest  of 
our  historical  monuments.  The  only 
exceptional  cases  which  we  recollect 
have  occurred  in  papers  written  by 
keepers  of  record  offices — admirable 
examples  of  what  may  be  done  when 
record  evidence  is  accessible. 

If  we  pass  from  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries to  the  publishing  Societies  the 
same  fact  stares  us  in  the  face.  Which 
of  those  Societies  has  ever  published 


anything  from  the  records  ?  Has  the 
Camden?  the  Roxburgh?  the  Ban- 
natyne  ?  any  one  of  them  ?  If  there 
are  any  instances  at  all — which  we  do 
not  at  present  recollect — they  must  be 
rare  and  exceptional. 

The  same  thing  appears  in  our  ordi- 
nary published  literature.  It  is  full  of 
references  to  MSS.  They  are  hunted 
for  on  all  sides.  Never  was  there  so 
great  a  hankerins  after  authorities  pre- 
viously unpublished ;  but  who  dreams 
of  going  to  the  records  ?  The  best  of 
our  MSS.  are  universally  overlooked. 
One  solitary  example  alone  may  be 

2uoted — Mrs.  Green,  author  of  the 
rives  of  the  Princesses ;  a  book  which, 
in  great  part  and  at  creat  expense, 
has  been  dug  and  smelted  as  it  were 
out  of  the  records.  The  lives  which 
Mrs.  Green  has  written  are  just  so 
many  evidences  of  what  information 
might  be  obtained  upon  more  import- 
ant subjects  if  access  to  the  records 
were  general. 

Precisely  of  the  same  character  is 
the  evidence  of  our  reprinted  litera- 
ture. There  exist  many  expensive 
books,  new  editions  of  which,  with  their 
statements  derived  from  records  veri- 
fied and  published  afler  the  manner 
which  is  now  common  in  other  branches 
of  our  literature,  would  be  invaluable ; 
such  books,  fur  example,  as  Dugdale*8 
Baronage,  and  Tanner's  Notitia  Mo- 
nastica.  It  is  known  that  these  books 
are  full  of  errors — the  latter  more 
especially  so.  But  who  dreams  of  cor- 
recting them  ?  No  one.  Their  state- 
ments are  reprinted,  and  are  daily 
vouched  and  handed  down  from  gene- 
ration to  generation  as  authorities, 
although  well  known  to  be  inaccurate 
in  instances  which  are  innumerable. 

If  we  look  then  over  the  face  of  our 
literature,  what  do  we  find?  That 
we  possess  a  vast  mass  of  most  im- 
portant historical  evidences;  evidences 
so  valuable  as  to  be  a  just  subject 
even  of  national  pride  and  boast. 
These  evidences  contain  the  actual 
and  absolute  truth  respecting  all  the 
public  transactions,  and  also  respecting 
a  vast  number  of  the  private  trans- 
actions, in  which  the  crown  and  people 
of  England  were  engaged  for  centunes. 
They  affect  all  classes  of  the  people ; 
they  embrace  all  kinds  of  businesses. 
The  histories  of  all  our  noble  families 
are  written  in  them :  few,  even  of  tJie 


The  Present  StaU  of  English  Hbiorical  Literature.    iMj, 


lli^^  ot  ihoit  who  possessed  an 
ttft  of  land  ih  times  past,  but  can  be 
trAced  in  them.  No  terms  of  praise 
kre  deemed  eicessive  when  used  by 
those  who  are  best  acquainted  with 
them,  to  describe  their  importance  and 
historical  value.  And  yet,  neither  the 
Authors  who  write  general  history,  nor 
the  antiquaries  who  investigate  the 
niinuter  incidents  of  the  past,  nor  the 
Societies  who  apply  the  principle  of 
eombination  to  the  aid  of  historical 
inquiry,  nor  our  ori^nal  writers,  nor 
our  laoorious  and  painstaking  editors, 
none  of  all  the  varieties  of  the  wide 
and  important  class  of  historical  in- 
quirers make  use  of  them.  Surely 
Vila  is  a  startling  and  singular  fact; 
&  fact  which  should  make  us  pause ; 
a  fact  which  should  strike  us  with 
astonishment,  and  drive  us  to  inquire 
into  its  cause. 

We  Cannot  suppose  that  these  emi- 
nent persons  are  ignorant  of  the  value 
of  the  records.  The  very  contrary  is 
obvious  from  their  writings.  We  find 
that  they  take  advantage  of  every 
Scrap  of  secondary  evidence  respecting 
the  contents  of  the  records.  They 
refer  to  published  record  books,  many 
of  them  of  acknowledged  incomplete- 
ness and  gross  inaccuracy ;  they  have 
recourse  to  duplicates  and  imperfect 
transcripts;  they  inspect  meagre  ab- 
stracts which  chance  to  have  found 
their  way  into  the  British  Museum,  or 
other  accessible  places ;  they  go  any- 
where and  everywhere  to  get  informa- 
tion respecting  the  records,  save  to  the 
records  themselves. 

And  what  is  the  reason  ?  Why  is 
it  that,  building  upon  secondary  evi- 
dence, acknowledged  to  be  imperfect 
and  incomplete,  these  men  do  what 
they  can  by  diligence  and  research 
without  the  record  offices  to  lessen 
the  imperfections  and  solve  the  innu- 
merable doubts  and  questions  which 
hang  over  our  history,  instead  of  going 
to  tne  fountain-head — to  our  boasted 
national  archives  themselves  ? 

It  is  simply  a  question  of  fees. 

The  fees  for  searching  and  for  con- 
sulting a  single  record  are  compara- 
tively unimportant,  but  when  those 
fees  are  reiterated  and  repeated,  as 
they  must  be  when  any  considerable 
business  is  in  hand,  and  many  records 
are  to  be  consulted,  they  amount  to 
in  absolute  prohibition.    Consultation 


of  records  is  in  its  rerr  nature  cuttiti- 
lative.  They  are,  in  this  respect,  pre- 
cisely like  books.  As  "  book  openeth 
book,"  so  one  record  leads  to  another ; 
allusions  have  to  be  cleared  up,  re; 
ferences  to  be  verified,  official  persons 
to  be  identified,  and  events  and  their 
consequences  to  be  traced  out.  A 
man  whose  object  may  be  answered 
without  regular  record  investigation, 
or  who  is  deterred  from  such  investi- 
gation by  the  amount  of  the  fees  or 
otherwise,  may  go  to  a  record  office 
merely  to  inspect  a  single  document, 
and  may  come  away  satisfied  with  the 
kind  attention  which  he  is  sure  to  re- 
ceive from  the  liberal  gentlemen  in 
charge  of  the  offices,  and  very  well 
pleased  to  have  got  his  information  at 
the  expense  of  one  shilling  for  a  search, 
and  one  shilling  for  inspection.  But 
let  him  try  to  write  the  history,  upon 
record  evidence,  of  any  great  event, 
or  any  series  of  great  events  in  Eng- 
lish history, — the  history,  for  example, 
of  the  loss  of  Normandy,  of  the  de 
Montfort  rebellion,  of  the  war  of  Ed- 
ward I.  with  Scotland,  or  of  that  of 
Edward  III.  with  France,  of  the 
achievements  of  the  Black  Prince,  ot 
of  the  treatment  of  the  royal  prisoners 
of  Edward  III. ;  let  him  endeavour  to 
write  the  life  of  any  one  of  our  great 
old  English  worthies,  or  to  trace  the 
series  of  any  of  our  great  officers  of 
state,  or  to  bring  together  all  the 
royal  acta  relating  to  any  particular 
subject,  he  finds  at  once  that  the  thing 
is  impossible.  The  fees,  although  mo- 
derate when  considered  singly,  furo^ 
an  absolute  barrier  against  any  exten- 
sive application  of  research. 

Besides,  the  matter  ought  to  be  coti- 
sidered  in  another  point  of  view.  Lite- 
rary men  inquire  and  collect  materiaU 
in  reference  to  innumerable  subjects  oh, 
which  they  never  write.  A  point  oc- 
curs to  an  inquiring  man.  It  is  a  sutj- 
ject  for  consideration  or  investigation. 
He  refers  to  printed  books  about  it. 
They  give  him  little  or  no  information; 
He  goes  to  MSS.;  to  records.  Hi 
makes  his  notes,  his  transcripts.  Days 
or  weeks  are  passed  in  research.  He 
finds,  perhaps,  at  last,  that  the  fact  is 
a  dead  fact  altogether  unworthy  of 
resuscitation.  He  passes  it  by  un- 
noticed, or  if  he  writes  about  it  at  all, 
a  sentence,  a  few  words,  a  note  of  a 
line  or  two  at  the  bottom  of  a  page,  is 


im] 


^  RteoKd  Oficu. 


I 


siifficient  to  contain  the  result  of  a 
long  and  tediooa  search,  crowned,  be 
it  remembered,  bj  the  payment  of 
who  can  tell  what  amount  in  fees. 
How  certainly  do  such  incidents  occur 
in  the  lives  of  all  men  of  research. 
How  infallibly  does  their  recurrence 
put  a  stop  to  all  inspection  of  records. 

But  we  shall  be  told  that  the  fees 
may  be  commuted,  and  that  the  chief 
officers  in  the  Record  Offices  have  in 
iheir  discretion  thepower  of  remitting 
them  altogether.  Certainly:  the  com- 
mutation  is  five  shillings  per  week  pro- 
Tided  the  search  be  limited  to  one 
family  or  place,  or  to  a  single  object 
of  inquiry.  Such  an  arrangement  is 
good  so  fkr  as  it  extends,  but  how  few 
are  able  to  take  advantage  of  it:  how 
few  can  devote  a  continuous  week  to  a 
particular  search.  Men  snatch  a  day 
or  half  a  day  now  and  then  to  purposes 
of  this  kind ;  and  then  the  proviso  as 
to  one  family  or  place  or  object  is 
£ital  to  ail  extensive  inquiry  :  it  ope- 
rates as  a  bonus  ofiered  to  imper^- 
tion  and  inadequate  research. 

As  to  the  discretionary  power  given 
to  the  keepers  of  Record  Offices,  we 
desire  to  speak  of  those  gentlemen 
with  the  most  entire  respect,  and  es- 
teem. Several  (»f  them  are  our  per- 
sonal friends,  and  all  of  them  are  men 
of  learning,  research,  and  courtesy. 
Ko  better  or  more  gentlemaoly  men 
exist.  If  we  could  tolerate  such  a 
discretionary  power  in  the  hands  of 
any  men  it  would  be  in  theirs.  But 
the  truth  must  be  told.  Such  discre- 
tion is  fatal  to  the  general  use  of  the 
records  by  literary  men.  Under  this 
discretion  a  man  finds  himself,  by  the 
kindness  of  his  friend  at  the  head  of 
the  office,  exempted  from  all  fees, 
whilst  another  person  searching  at  the 
tame  time  for  an  equally  legitimate 
literary  object,  but  who  chances  to  be 
unknown, is  mulcted  to  the  full  amount 
of  the  customary  office  charges.  Or  a 
man  known  to  the  head  of  the  office 
may  go  one  da%  and  have  a  pleasant 
chat  with  his  friend  and  inspect  half  a 
dozen  records  without  any  charge :  he 
aaay  go  the  next  day,  when  the  head 
of  the  office  chances  to  be  absent,  and 
he  may  have  to  pay  his  half  a  dozen 
■hillings  for  his  morning*s  amusement 
Let  a  noble  lord  go  to  the  Beoord 
Officta,  bis  card  it  a  passport :  let  Mr. 
finitk  or  Mr^  Joata  b«  ih«  applicant 


-ysome  poor  student  ambitious  to  add 
his  item  to  the  ceneral  stock  of  ad- 
vancing knowledge — he  pays.  Can 
these  results  be  defended?  Is  thert 
any  man  hardy  enough  to  stand  up  in 
the  face  of  the  literary  world  and  say 
that  a  rule  which  operates  in  this  wi^y 
does  not  reauire  alteration  ? 

The  truth  is  that  these  things  ar^ 
too  much  in  conformity  with  our  ge- 
neral treatment  of  literature.  Litera- 
ture amongst  us  has  no  rights.  Pri- 
vileges which  she  ought  to  possess 
dejure  are  sometimes  awarded  to  her, 
but  upon  wrong  principles,  de  facto 
merely.  She  is  sometimes  allowed, 
as  we  have  seen,  to  inspect  the  re- 
cords ;  but  it  is  not  because  she  is  the 
glorv  of  nations  and  the  teacher  of  the 
world — because  when  she  applies  her- 
self to  history  she  culls  its  great  ex- 
amples for  the  instruction  of  mankind — 
because  she  binds  men  to  their  country 
by  the  strong  tie  of  a  patriotic  attach- 
ment founded  upon  a  knowledge  of 
the  heroic  deeds  of  the  days  of  old — 
No  I  it  is  because  she  chances  to  be  per- 
sonally acquainted  with  Mr.  A.  B.,  the 
trulv  worthy  head  of  a  Record  Office. 

We  cannot  boast  of  a  unity  among 
literary  men.  Sorrowfully,  on  the 
contrary,  are  we  often  called  upon  to 
observe  too  much  of  the  opposite 
spirit.  We  want  some  general  insti- 
tute in  which  we  should  be  united 
simply  as  literary  men  to  act,  and  evi- 
dence our  power  for  literary  purposes. 
But,  disunited  and  fragmentary  as  we 
are,  there  is  sufficient  propriety  of 
feeling  as  well  as  sufficient  esprit  de 
corps  amongst  us  to  prevent  any  ar- 
rangement founded  upon  such  false 
principles  to  be  generally  taken  ad- 
vantage of.  Men  will  never  avail 
themselves  of  a  regulation  which  gives 
them  by  favouritism  what  they  ought 
to  have  by  right ;  and  thus  it  is  that  a 
rule,  we  doubt  not  kindly  designed, 
but  based  like  all  our  government 
dealing  with  literary  men,  upon  an  is- 
norance  of  the  proper  position  of  the 
people  for  whose  accommodation  it 
was  designed,  is  altogether  useless  and 
inoperative,  and  our  noble  series  of 
Records  remains  unconsulted  by  those 
who  alone  could  put  them  to  that 
which  (speaking  of  the  great  mass  oi 
them)  is  their  only  use. 

Is  this  state  of  things  to  remai»  I 
We  hope  not;   and  ttltrtfi)i»  it  haa 


6 


The  Present  State  of  English  Historical  Literature.    [July, 


been  with  the  greatest  pleasure  that 
we  have  heard  of  an  application  about 
to  be  made  to  the  new  Master  of  the 
Rolls  upon  the  subject.  The  name  of 
RoMiLLT  gives  an  assurance  that  the 
subject  will  be  considered  in  a  kindly, 
liberal  spirit,  and  with  a  proper  regard 
for  the  rights  of  literature,  and  fortu- 
nately the  matter  rests  altogether  in 
the  breast  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls. 
The  Act  of  Parliament  which  vested 
the  custody  of  the  Records  in  that  high 
officer  gave  him  power  to  dispense 
with  fees,  and  to  make  rules  for  the 
admission  of  **such  persons  as  ought 
to  be  admitted  to  the  use  of  the  Re- 
cords." He  is  now  about  to  be  called 
upon  to  exercise  this  power.  An  ap- 
plication is  to  be  made  to  him  in  the 
following  terms : — 

"  To  the  Right  Honorable  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls. 

"  Sir,  —  The  undersigned  Historical 
Writers,  Members  of  various  Literary 
Societies  specially  interested  in  the  pro- 
secution of  hiHtorical  inquiry,  and  persons 
otherwise  engaged  in  literary  pursuits,  or 
connected  therewith,  beg  leave  most  re- 
spectfully to  submit  to  you  : — 

*•  That,  by  the  Statute  1  and  2  Victoria, 
cap.  94,  sec.  9,  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  is 
empowered  to  make  rules  for  the  admis- 
sion of  such  persons  as  ought  to  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  use  of  the  Records,  Cata- 
logues, Calendars,  and  Indexes,  and  also 
to  make  rules  for  dispensing  with  the  pay- 
ment of  fees  in  such  cases  as  he  shall 
think  fit. 

"  The  undersigned  would  also  most 
respectfully  submit  to  you,  that  the  re- 
searches of  persons  engaged  in  historical 
investigation  and  inquiry  would  be  greatly 
facilitated,  and  the  welfare  of  our  national 
historical  literature  be  promoted  in  a  very 
high  degree,  if  you  would  be  pleased  to 
exercise  the  power  given  to  you  in  the 
Statute  before  mentioned  by  making  an 
order  that  such  persons  may  have  permis- 
sion granted  to  them  to  have  access  to  the 
Public  Records,  with  the  Indexes,  and 
Calendars  thereof,  without  payment  of 
any  fee. 

*'  At  present  any  person  may  search 
for  and  inspect  any  Record  on  payment 
of  a  fee  of  one  shilling  for  a  search  in  the 
Calendars,  which  may  be  continued  for 
one  week,  and  of  another  fee  of  the  same 
amount  for  the  inspection  of  each  Record, 
or  such  fees  may  be  commuted  at  the  sum 
of  five  shillings  per  week,  provided  the 
search  be  limited  to  one  family  or  place, 
or  to  a  tingle  object  of  inquiry. 
1 


'*  These  fees  are  of  no  benefit  to  any 
individual,  but  are  paid  over  to  the  nation, 
the  different  officers  of  the  Record  Esta- 
blishment being  remunerated  by  salaries. 

**  When  a  person  desires  to  inspect  one 
or  two  specific  Records  for  his  own  pri- 
vate purposes  these  fees  are  unimportant 
in  amount. 

*'  But  when  a  person  engaged  in  histo- 
rical or  antiquarian  research  wishes  to 
build  upon  the  evidence  of  public  docu- 
ments—the only  sure  foundation  of  His- 
torical Truth — it  ordinarily  happens  that 
in  the  progress  of  his  inquiry  he  is  obliged 
to  refer  to  many  Records  ;  the  inspection 
of  one  almost  necessarily  leads  him  on  to 
others,  and,  as  he  proceeds,  he  continually 
finds  references  and  allusions  to  many 
more,  all  which  he  ought  to  inspect,  if 
for  no  other  purpose,  in  order  to  be  satis- 
fied of  their  inapplicability  to  the  subject 
of  his  research.  This  is  the  course  of  in- 
quiry which  in  such  cases  is  absolutely 
necessary  to  be  adopted  for  the  establish- 
ment of  historical  truth.  Under  the  pre- 
sent practice  this  course  cannot  be  adopted. 
Inquirers  are  deterred  from  referring  to 
Records  by  the  total  amount  of  the  reiter- 
ated fees,  and  are  thus  compelled  to  copy 
erroneous  or  questionable  statements  from 
earlier  authors. 

*'  The  literary  men  of  the  present  day 
find  it  necessary  for  the  establishment  of 
truth  to  verify  the  authorities  and  refer- 
ences of  earlier  writers,  but  the  amount  of 
the  present  fees  compels  inquirers  to  ac- 
cept statements  professedly  built  upon  the 
authority  of  the  Records  as  they  find 
them.  Thus  doubt  and  mistake  are  per- 
petuated and  made  part  of  our  national 
history,  and  thus  time,  which  ought  to  be 
a  test  of  truth,  is  often  made  to  lend  ad- 
ditional authority  to  error. 

"  The  present  practice  cannot  be  de- 
fended on  the  ground  of  its  productive- 
ness to  the  national  revenue.  The  amount 
received  for  literary  searches  is  altogether 
insignificant  except  to  those  who  pay  it. 
The  attainment  of  historical  truth — an 
object  in  which  the  whole  nation  is  inter- 
ested— is  therefore  prejudiced,  and  in 
many  cases  defeated,  by  the  enforcement 
of  fees  which  produce  the  nation  abso- 
lutely nothing. 

'*  The  exclusion  of  literary  men  from  the 
inspection  of  the  Records  excites  a  de- 
mand on  the  part  of  persons  interested  in 
historical  literature  for  the  continuance, 
at  the  expense  of  the  Government,  of 
works  similar  to  those  published  by  the 
late  Record  Commission.  If  access  were 
freely  granted  to  the  Records,  such  de- 
mand would  be  silenced  ;  for  such  publi- 
cations would  be  undertaken  by  the  oa- 
meroof   exiating  pnbUihing  societies,  or. 


1861.] 


The  Record  Offices. 


9 


by  other  voluntary  associations  which 
would  be  instituted  for  the  purpose,  as 
well  as  by  individuals.  Every  tlung  that 
is  historically  valuable  at  the  British  Mu- 
temn  is  published  without  diflScuity  as 
Boon  as  it  is  discovered. 

"  Even  in  cases  in  which  free  access  to 
manuscripts  does  not  lead  to  their  being 
printed,  it  promotes  transcription,  which 
tends  to  preserve  valuable  information 
against  the  unavoidable  danger  of  total 
loss,  to  which  it  is  liable  whilst  existing 
in  a  single  copy.  With  a  view  to  this 
danger  the  House  of  Commons  ordered  a 
transcript  to  be  made  of  the  Parliamen- 
tary Survey  of  1650,  a  manuscript  exist- 
ing in  the  library  of  Lambeth  Palace,  and 
examples  might  be  adduced  of  the  contents 
of  Cottonian  MSS.  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1731,  having  been  partially  supplied 
through  the  means  of  notes  and  tran- 
scripto  previously  made  by  persons  who 
had  access  to  the  MSS. 

**  Many  of  the  most  valuable  historical 
works  of  past  ages— such  works,  for  ex- 
ample, as  Dugdale's  Baronage,  the  founda- 
tion of  all  our  books  relating  the  peerage ; 
Madox's  History  of  the  Exchequer,  the 
basis  of  much  of  our  legal  history  :  Tan- 
ner's Notitia  Monastica,  the  groundwork 
of  our  monastic  history ;  and  Rymer's 
Foedera,  which  first  enabled  historical 
writers  to  put  general  English  history 
upon  a  sure  foundation — were  all  compiled 
principally  from  the  Records.  Every 
page  contains  many  references  to  them. 
It  is  a  common  complaint  that  uow-a- 
days  no  such  works  are  published.  Under 
the  present  practice  such  works  cannot  be 
compiled,  nor  can  the  improved  historical 
criticism  of  the  present  age  be  applied  to 
the  correction  of  the  errors  which  unavoid- 
ably crept  into  such  works  published  in 
times  past. 

*'  Lastly,  the  undersigned  desire  to 
state  distinctly  that  they  do  not  solicit 
this  permission  on  behalf  of  any  persons 
engaged  in  Record  searches  for  legal  pur- 
poses, or  for  any  persons  whatever  save 
those  who  are  carrying  on  researches  for 
historical  or  other  literary  objects;  and 
they  would  most  readily  acquiesce  in  and 
approve  of  the  most  stringent  precautions 
against  any  abuse  of  the  privilege  which 
they  solicit  on  literary  grounds  solely. 

**  The  undersigned  therefore  beg  with 
the  greatest  respect  to  solicit  your  atten- 
tion to  the  circumstances  they  have  stated, 
and  to  request  that  you  would  be  pleased 
to  make  an  order  that  persons  who  are 
merely  engaged  in  historical  inquiry,  anti- 
quarian research,  and  other  literary  pur- 
suits connected   therewith,   should  have 


permission  granted  to  them  to  have  access 
to  the  Public  Records,  with  the  Indexes 
and  Calendars,  without  payment  of  any 
fee. 

'*  And  the  undersigned  have  the  ho- 
nour to  be,  Sir,  with  the  greatest 
respect,  your  most  obedient  and 
very  humble  servants.'* 

The  signatures  to  this  letter  are 
headed,  we  rejoice  to  hear,  by  Lord 
Mahon — ever  ready  to  take  the  lead 
in  any  literary  cause — by  Mr.  Hallam, 
Mr.  Macaulay,  and  Sir  Kobert  Inglis. 
These  names — singly  entitled  to  so 
much  respect  and  deference — form,  in 
their  combination,  a  power  which  it 
would  be  impossible  for  any  one  not 
to  treat  with  the  very  highest  consi- 
deration. The  other  signatures  will, 
we  hope,  comprise  the  leading  names 
in  our  literature, — Mr.  Carlyle,  Mr. 
Charles  Dickens,  Mr.  Douglas  Jerrold, 
Mr.  John  Forster,  and  many  others ; 
with  representatives  of  our  historical 
and  antiquarian  societies,  the  Bishop 
of  Oxford,  Lord  Strangford,  Lord 
Braybrooke,  Lord  Talbot,  Mr.  Hey- 
wood,  Mr.  Payne  Collier,  &c.  &c.  In 
our  next  number  we  shall  hope  to  be 
able  to  print  all  the  signatures. 

We  cannot  doubt  that  the  deputy 
keeper  of  the  Records,  Sir  Francis 
Palgrave,  who  we  believe  has  long 
been  favourable  to  the  granting  of 
the  permission  which  is  now  solicited, 
will  give  the  application  the  important 
advantage  of  his  cordial  support,  whilst 
Mr.  Duffus  Hardy,  Mr.  Hunter,  Mr. 
Black,  and  the  other  heads  of  depart- 
ments— ever  so  kind  and  liberal  to  all 
literary  applicants — will  no  doubt  wil- 
lingly concur.  And  all  of  them  will 
agree  with  us  that  a  measure  of  relief 
to  be  effectual  must  be  generous.  The 
regulations  of  the  State  Paper  Office 
stand  as  a  warning  and  an  example  of 
a  way  in  which  the  fees  at  the  Record 
Office  might  be  given  up  without  any 
consequent  relief  to  literature;  the 
other  restrictions  which  are  imposed, 
on  application  for  inspection  of  papers 
in  the  State  Paper  Office,  would,  if 
imported  into  our  Record  Offices, 
merely  irritate  and  lead  to  new  com- 
plaints. In  dealing  with  the  present 
application  we  have  no  doubt  that 
every  thing  of  this  kind  will  be  avoided. 


Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


C 


10 


THE  PEDESTAL  OF  THE  STATUE  OF  KING  CHARLES  AT  CHARING 

CROSS  NOT  CARVED  BY  GIBBONS. 


Mb.  Ubban, 

I  HAVE  elsewhere*  corrected  the 
biographers  of  Le  Sceur,  the  historians 
of  art  in  England,  and  the  writers  of 
books  about  London,  in  the  accounts 
they  have  given  of  the  famous  statue 
of  Charles  L  at  Charing  Cross,  and 
have  now  to  correct  the  biographers  of 
Gibbons,  the  historians  of  art  m  Eng- 
land, and  the  writers  of  books  about 
London,  in  the  accounts  they  have 
given  of  the  beautiful  pedestal  on 
which  the  statue  stands. 

The  pedestal  it  is  said  was  the  work 
of  Grinlinff  Gibbons.  Walpole,  with 
the  faithful  Vertue  for  his  guide  (I  use 
the  epithet  without  a  sneer)  was  the 
first  to  assign  it  to  the  chisel  of  our 
^eat  carver  in  wood.  But  Walpole 
was  wrong.  The  pedestal  was  wrought 
by  Joshua  Marshall,  master  mason  of 
the  works  to  King  Charles  II.  You 
will  ask  my  authority,  and  I  reply — 
the  accounts  of  the  paymaster  of  the 
works  and  buildings  from  1  April, 
1676,  until  31  March,  1677,  in  which 
the  following  entries  occur  : — 

"  Also  allowed  y*  id  acco**"*  for  money 

by  him  issued,  pd,  and  defrayed  for  the 

extraordlDary    worke    done    (within  the 

tyme  of  this  accompt)  in  makeing  a  pedis- 

tall  and  other  workes  about  setting  up  the 

brass  figure  at  Charing  Cross,  vizS — 

*'  To  Joshua  Marshall,  ma'  mason,  for 

the  pedistall,  carving  the  releives,  in- 

riching  the  capitall,  paveing  w^**  Purbeck 

stone    within  the    railes    and  placing 

xxTiij*  great  st^pe  stones  w^i^out  y* 

drcle  and  other  Free    Masons   worke 

relateing    thereunto    as    by    agreemS 

404/.  2i.  6d, 

**  William  Beach,  smith,  for  the  iron  raile 

ballister  and  palisado  barrs  w^^  other 

smith's      work      thereto     belonrinff. 

89/.  14«.  lid.  * 

**  John  Jolly,  pavior,  for  levellinf  and  new 

paveing   y«  ground  round3)out  the 

figure,  conteynhig  1733  yards,  and  for 

other  services,  88/.  0«.  4a. 

**  John  Bridges,  bricklayer,  for  2  rods  9 

foot  of  brickework  under  the  foundation 

of  the  stone  curb,  93  yards  one  foot  of 

paveing  with  Flanders  bricke,  makeing 

two   draines,  and  other   like  services, 

35/.  U. 

**  John  Sell,  carpenter,  for  workmanship 


ti 


14 


H 


ti 


II 


and  materiaUa  used  about  makeing  a 
boarded  fence  about  y*  s<*  figure, 
17/.  17*.  lOrf. 

Charles  Atherton,  plomber,  for  9  cwt. 
of  lead  used  in  fastning  the  iron  worke, 
6/.  9«.  9d, 

John  Cole,  brasier,  for  worke  and  ma- 
terialls  used  about  mending  the  brass 
figure,  a  new  brass  bridle,  and  mending 
y«  sword,  &c.,  16/.  10«. 
Giles  Reason,  carter,  for  seuerall  dales 
work  with  his  teames  and  labourers  em- 
ployed to  carry  away  dirt  and  soil, 
5/.  3«.  Ad. 

Robert  Streeter,  seqeant  painter,  for 
colouring  in  oyie,  three  times  in  a 
place,  the  iron  railes,  baUisters,  &c., 
3/.  4s.  Sd. 

And  to  severall  labourers  employed  in 
wheeling  of  earth  and  rubbish  to  raise  y* 
ground  under  y*  brick  pavement,  filling 
of  carts,  and  watdiing  by  nights,  &c., 
2/.  Is.  9</. 
*'  In  all  the  said  charges  of  y*  s^  worke 
in  making  the  pedistall  and  other  workes 
about  setting  up^  the  brass  figure  at 
Charing  Cross,  668/.  6#.  Id,** 

The  roll  of  the  declaration  of  these 
accounts,  from  whence  the  above  ex- 
tracts are  made,  is  preserved  in  the 
Audit  Office.  The  roll  for  the  pre- 
ceding year  includes  a  preliminary  ex- 
pense of  13/.  3«.  for  work  done  in  July, 
August,  September,  and  October,  1675, 
on  account  of  the  same  pedestal. 

I  have  seen  Sir  Francis  Chantrey  and 
my  father  stand  before  this  pedestal, 
admiring  the  harmony  of  its  proportions, 
the  force  and  delicacy  of  its  details. 
Both  were  capit-al  judges.  Chantrey  was 
originally  a  common  carver  in  wood — 
my  father  originally  a  cpmmon  stone 
mason,  and  each  has  lefl  a  lasting  mo- 
nument of  taste  and  knowledge  m  the 
fine  arts.  Why  are  their  lives  un- 
written? Alas  I  what  Allan  Cunning- 
ham should  have  done  was  reservM 
for  another — I  hope  not  as  Prince 
Arthur  was  reserved  for  Blackmore 
and  not  for  Dryden. 

Who  was  Joshua  Marshall  I  think  I 
hear  you  ask  ?  I  will  tell  you  some 
day  in  an  annotated  Walpole. 

FeTSB  CuimiNOHAM. 

Kensington^  6  June, 


*  Handbook  for  London.  2nd  ed.  p.  106. 


11 


THE  DAY-BOOKS  OP  DR.  HENRY  SAMPSON. 
COoncludedJrom  MagatvMfw  Aprils  p.  3B9.) 


I^Er  foUowin^  anecdote  is  cha- 
racterlBtae  of  bow  the  parties  to  it. 
Tlie  excited  Puritan,  acting  upon  a  mis- 
take which  hae  ever  been  too  common, 
aocepts  strong  feeling  as  evidence  of 
a  cGvine  mission. '  The  heedless  sove- 
reiga  is  for  a  moment  startled.  He 
lijtens  to  the  solemn  forebodings  of  the 
sd^aent  prophet  with  feelines  akin  to 
«#e  and  sorrow.  Bat  the  shock  soon 
passcB  over.  In  a  few  moments  his 
majesij  recovers  his  wonted  polite- 
ness, 8ttd  bows  out  the  intruder  with 
the  most  courtly  and  refined  eentilit;^. 

Kichard  Fninkland,  to  whom  tms 
story  relates,  was  a  celebrated  non- 
conrormist  ^vine,  bom  in  1630,  at 
Bathmei,  in  iheparish  of  Gij^leswick, 
in  Yorkdure.  He  was  M.A.  of  Christ*s 
ooUe^g^  Cambridge,  and  received  Pres- 
bvtenan  ordinstiott  in  1658.  After 
the  Bestoratkm  he  was  ejected  from 
9&renl  preferments,  and  subjected  to 
ft  good  aeal  of  harsh  treatment.  He 
£ed  in  1698. 

lie  old  Earl  of  Manchester  here 
mentioned  was  the  well-known  Lord 
Kimbolton  of  the  reign  of  Chaarles  I. 

*'  Ma.  FaANKLANo's,  the  non^eoftformiit 
mmiiUr,  hit  going  to  King  Charles 

SSCONS. 

"  Hitfself  told  me  that  he  had  a  violent 
ifltpiilse  vpon  his  mind  to  go  to  the  king ; 
that  he  eorold  neither  stady  nor  do  anything 
else  for  serefal  days,  till  he  took  up  a  re- 
iolation  that  he  wotdd  go  to  him.  He 
aoqaainted  some  with  it,  who  spent  some 
time  in  prayer,  as  himself  also  did  at  other 
timet.  He  wrote  down  what  he  intended 
to  say  to  Irin,  thinking  it  too  adventurous 
to  speak  to  a  kmg  fjptemporf,  or  wliat 
pretenee  of  Mmd  he  might  then  have. 
So  he  goes  to  the  old  ear!  of  Manchester, 
lord  chamberlain,  who  ased  him  very 
friendly,  and  desired  him  tliat  he  would 
Vriog  him  to  speck  to  the  king.  The  earl 
we«kl  ftua  have  known  what  he  would 
n  to  liim,  but  he  would  not  tell  him. 
Tike  earl  appoints  him  a  place  to  stand  at 
wlien  the  king  was  to  pass  by  to  the 
oooncil.  Wli^  the  king  came  out,  '  That 
i«  the  man  '  said  the  earl,  *  would  speak 
to  your  majesty.'  The  king  asked  him, 
*  Would  you  speak  with  me  ? '  '  Yes,' 
•aid  he^  *  Irat  in  private.'  So  the  king 
slept  aside  froaa  the  nobility  that  followed. 
Umb  $tUi  Mr.  Franhland,  *  The  Eternd 


God,  whose  I  am  and  whom  I  serve,  com- 
mands you  to  reform  your  life,  your  fsmilv, 
your  kingdom,  and  the  church.  If  you  do 
not  there  are  Aresh  judgments  of  God  im- 
pending (at  which  words  he  grew  pale  and 
changed  countenance)  that  will  destroy 
you  and  the  kingdom.'  '  I  will,'  saith 
the  king,  *  do  what  I  can.'  Mr.  Frank- 
land  repeated  the  latter  part,  and  added, 
*  I  know  the  wrath  of  a  king  is  as  the 
roaring  of  a  lion,  but  for  the  sake  of  your 
soul  I  have  taken  up  this  speech,  and 
leave  it  with  you.'  The  king  hasted 
away,  saying,  *  I  thank  you,  sir,'  and 
twice  looking  back  before  he  went  into 
the  council  chamber,  said  *  I  thank  you, 
sir.'     But  he  said  and  did  not.*'  fo.  18. 

The  next  anecdote  gives  us  a  glimpse 
at  Titus  Oates,  near  the  close  of  his 
infamous  life,  and  his  own  explanation 
of  one  of  those  terrible  incidents  which 
brought  so  much  disgrace  upon  Eng- 
gland  in  the  reign  of  Charles  U.  Ire- 
land was  one  of  the  three  Jesuits  who 
were  convicted  and  executed  on  the 
evidence  of  Oates  and  Bedloe. 

"  Dr.  Oats' 9  story  of  the  same  Kino. 
September  27th  [16]  95. 

**  It  is  not  a  week  since  Dr.  Oats,  as  he 
is  called,  dined  with  Mr.  Howe  and  de- 
sired to  communicate  with  him  at  the 
Lord's  Supper.  Mr.  H.  put  him  off,  and 
told  him  he  would  not  expose  him.  But 
amongst  other  discourse  he  told  him,  that 
about  two  months  before  he  disclosed  the 
plot,  he  was  at  a  private  mass  with  Ireland, 
where  king  Charles,  the  duke  of  York, 
and  the  duchess  of  Portsmouth  communi- 
cated. He  says  also,  that  Ireland  had  a 
particular  kindness  for  him.  He  never 
designed  the  accusing  of  him,  but  being 
upon  his  oath,  he  was  forced  to  say  what 
he  did.  That  after  condemnation  be  was 
with  Ireland,  who  upbraided  him ;  '  but,' 
says  Oates,  *  I  am  sure  the  king  will  par- 
don you,'  and  to  that  purpose  he  says  he 
went  to  the  king,  and  pleaded  hard  with 
him  to  spare  Ireland.  The  king  spake 
and  looked  very  severely  on  him,  and  said, 
or  swore,  he  would  not.  '  I  can  deal,* 
said  he,  '  very  well  with  one  of  you,  but 
I  know  not  what  to  do  with  you  both.' 
He  then  went  to  the  duchess  of  Ports- 
mouth, and  desired  her  to  intercede  for 
Ireland,  who  said  she  knew  the  king  was 
inexorable,  and  when  he  could  do  nothing 

with  her  he  went  away  calling  her .He 

said,  also,  Ireland  bade  him  take  heed  of 


12 


The  Day-Books  ofDr,  Jlenvy  Sampson, 


[July, 


tbe  king,  for  he  would  deceive  him."  fo.  19. 
**  Penes  authorem  fides  esio,** 

The  following  is  an  excellent  anec- 
dote of  two  celebrated  men.  Owen 
died  in  1683,  therefore  of  course  the 
story  must  be  dated  in  or  before  that 
year.  "Mr.  Gilbert"  was  probably 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Gilbert,  a  non-con- 
formist divine  of  some  eminence,  of 
whom  an  account  will  be  found  in 
Wood's  Athenae  Oxon,  iv.  406,  and  in 
Noncon.  Memorial,  iii.  145,  ed.  1803. 

**  Op  Mr.  Baxter  and  Dr.  Owen. 

**  Mr.  Gilbert  told  a  friend,  he  had 
been  to  visit  Mr.  Baxter  that  morning, 
whom  he  found  hard  at  studj,  and  ex- 
pressed himself  to  be  verj  desirous  that 
God  would  spare  his  life,  till  he  had  finished 
some  studies  and  thoughts  he  was  about 
for  the  church  of  God.  '  Truly,'  said 
Mr.  Gilbert,  *  I  think  you  are  in  the  right 
on*t.  You  may  do  God  more  service  here 
on  earth  than  you  can  do  in  heaven  ;  * 
which  saying  pleased  Mr.  B.  mightily, 
and  made  him  paraphrase  upon  it.  From 
him  Mr.  Gilbert  went  to  Dr.  Owen,  whom 
he  found  grunting  and  weary,  and  wishing 
himself  out  of  this  world.  '  See,'  said 
Mr.  Gilbert,  *  how  you  two  great  men, 
Mr.  B.  and  you,  that  could  never  agree 
in  your  lives,  cannot  hit  it  in  the  matter 
and  manner  of  your  dying.'  *  Why,'  saith 
the  doctor,  '  what  saith  Mr.  Baxter  ?  * 
So  Mr.  Gilbert  told  him  the  story,  '  and  ' 
saith  he,  *  I  think  Mr.  Baxter  is  in  the 
right  on*t.'  '  Who  is  in  the  right  and  who 
is  in  the  wrong,'  said  Dr.  Owen,  '  I  know 
not ;  but  I  would  that  I  was  in  heaven." 
fo.  26.  "From  Mr.  M." 

The  next  string  of  anecdotes  is 
worthy  of  notice,  if  only  on  account  of 
that  one  which  relates  to  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Ray,  or  Wray.  The  parent- 
age of  this  great  legal  functionary  has 
been  quite  uncertain.  The  research 
of  Lord  Campbell  could  only  discover 
two  contradictory  statements  upon  the 
subiect  in  the  books  of  the  Heralds* 
College;  we  trust  that  of  Mr.  Foss 
will  be  more  successful.  The  follow- 
ing story  has  the  merit  of  beine  pic- 
turesque, and  may  very  possibly  be 
substantially  true. 

The  son  of  the  Jenkinson  who  re- 
nounced the  leather  doublet  on  acced- 
ing to  the  wealth  of  Paul  Hobson,  and 
who  is  alluded  to  as  having  obtained  a 
baronetcy,  was  Sir  Paul  Jenkinson  of 
Walton,  m  the  county  of  Derby.  He 
was  created  a  baronet  on  tbe  I7tb 


December,  1685.  The  title  became 
extinct  on  the  death  of  his  son  the 
third  baronet,  Sir  Jonathan,  on  28th 
June,  1739. 

The  Foleys  will  not,  we  hope,  object 
to  be  reminded  of  their  honest  descent 
from  Goodman  Foley,  the  nailer. 

"  Instances  qf  men  that  have  leapt  into 
great  estates  from  almost  nothing ,  as-^ 

"1.  Paul  Hobson,  of  Darbyshire, 
who  was  first  a  carrier,  afterwards  dealt  in 
lead.  He  left  his  sister^s  two  sons  (Jen- 
kinsons)  executors.  One  of  them  when 
he  was  to  go  into  mourning  for  his  uncle 
came  in  his  leather  double^  The  tailor 
pulled  it  off  to  take  measure  of  him,  and 
when  he  had  done  bid  him  put  it  on 
again.  '  No '  saith  he,  *  I'll  put  on  the 
leather  doublet  no  more.'  One  of  this  or 
the  other  brother's  sons  is  now  a  baronet 
upon  what  the  old  carrier  left.'* 

"  2.  Sir  Christopher  Ray,  Lord 
Chief  Justice  of  England  in  Queen  Eliza- 
beth's time.  He  was  bom  in  Yorkshire, 
at  Bedale,  but  his  father  came  to  be  a 
miller  in  Lincolnshire,  and  bred  up  this 
son  Kit  so  well  as  the  country  school 
and  writing  could  help  him.  At  breaking 
up,  he  would  have  had  a  shilling  from  his 
father,  but  he  would  give  him  but  eight 
pence,  at  which  he  was  so  discontent  he  ran 
away  [and]  begged  his  bread  with  a  copy  of 
verses  at  a  justice  of  peace's  door ;  upon 
further  discourse  he  took  him  in  and  in  a 
little  time  became  his  clerk.  He  after- 
ward commended  him  to  some  lawyer, 
where  be  was  clerk;  so  afterwards  he 
studied  and  practised  the  law,  till  at  length 
he  became  a  serjeant  and  judge,  and  being 
in  that  circuit  he  made  an  errand  and  sent 
for  his  old  father,  who  knew  him  not,  nor 
had  yet  heard  what  became  of  him,  or  any 
thing  of  his  greatness.  He  sent  his  coach 
for  him  and  his  mother,  who  began  to  be 
afraid,  and  told  the  messengers  they  never 
spake  a  word  against  my  lord  judge  in 
their  lives.  They  were  encouraged  to  go, 
and  when  they  came,  he  asked  the  old  man 
about  some  land  he  was  disposed  to  buy, 
and    then    strictly    about  his    children. 

*  Had   you  never  any  else  ?  *    said  he ; 

*  Yes,'  said  the  old  man,  '  one  proud  boy 
that  went  away  from  me.'  *  I  am  that 
proud  boy,'  said  the  judge,  and  so  like 
another  Joseph  was  made  known  to  his 
father,  whom  he  owned  before  them  all, 
and  no  doubt  nourished  him  in  his  old 
age,  though  the  old  man  was  in  so  good 
circumstances  as  to  live  of  himself  and 
leave  his  mill." 

*•  3.  The  flourishing  family  of  the  Fo- 
LYES,  whereof  there  were  three  brothers  of 
great  estates,  all  parliament- men  (one  of 
them  Speaker)  in  this  and  theformer  parlia-^ 


1851.] 


The  Day-Boohs  of  Dr.  Henry  Sampson, 


13 


menty  and  two  of  their  sons  parliament-men 
also,  yet  all  of  them  the  grand  children  of 
Goodman  Foly  the  nailer,  who  falling  in- 
dustriously and  successfully  to  make  iron, 
left  a  plentiful  estate  to  that  worthy  and 
honest  gentleman  Mr.  Thomas  Foly  his 
son,  and  he  by  the  same  ways  increased  it, 
till  he  left  each  of  these  three  gentlemen 
an  estate  of  j^2000  per  annum,  and  to  be 
sure  the  eldest  more  largely. — My  brother 
Wooley.''  fo.43. 

The  story  of  Sir  Christopher  Wra^ 
will  lead  properly  to  one  about  his 
greater  successor  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Hale. 

*'LoRD  Chief  Justice  Hale. 

*'  1694.  Aug».  My  brother  W.  Wooley 
has  often  told  me  a  story  of  a  person  that 
had  been  long  out  of  England,  was  cast 
upon  the  shore  of  ComwaU,  where  being 
hunger-bitten,  he  opened  a  window,  where 
he  espied  a  loaf,  took  and  ran  away  to  eat 
it,  but  being  apprehended  was  sent  to  the 
gaol  and  tried  for  his  life  before  judge 
Hales.  The  jury  was  sharp  upon  him,  and 
brought  him  in  guilty  of  the  burglary. 
The  judge  argued  with  them  that  it  was 
but  to  supply  his  hunger,  &c.  tiiat  if  he 
was  guilty  he  must  die  for  it,  however 
they  went  out  and  brought  him  in  guilty 
a  second  time.  He  again  argues  with 
them,  and  with  much  ado  they  acquit 
him.  Some  years  after  the  same  judge 
was  riding  the  circuit  in  the  north,  and 
meeting  with  over  great  entertainment  by 
the  sheriff,  cbode  him  much,  and  told  him 
what  a  bad  example  he  had  given.  '  Truly, 
my  lord,'  said  the  sheriff,  *  I  should  not 
have  done  so  much  for  any  other  judge, 
but  for  your  lordship  I  can  never  do  too 
much.  You  saved  my  life.'  '  How  so? ' 
said  the  judge.  '  I  was  arraigned  before 
you,'  said  the  sheriff, '  you  sent  out  the 
jury  again  and  again  till  they  quitted  me.' 
*  Are  you  the  man,'  said  the  judge,  '  that 
was  arraigned  for  stealing  the  loaf  ? '  '  The 
very  same  man,*  replied  the  sheriff;  '  since 
then  such  and  such  friends  are  dead,  a 
great  estate  is  fallen  to  me,  and  I  am  in 
the  post  you  see."  fo.  6.  **  Penes  autho- 
rem  fides  etto/^ 

If  the  following  witticism  of  another 
judffe  be  not  new,  which  we  scarcely 
think  it  is,  its  repetition  may  be  ex- 
cused, 1,  because  it  is  very  excellent, 
and  2,  because  it  is  here  authenticated, 
by  being  traced  up  to  Clarendon's  own 
time,  and  to  the  sober,  truth-loving 
lips  of  Dr.  Howe. 


**  A  REPARTEE  OF   CHANCELLOR  HyDB. 

'*  Madam  Castlemain  was  very  angry 
with  him  once  (though  he  brought  her 
into  her  dishonourable  honour)  and  in 
great  indignation  told  him,  '  I  hope  to  live 
to  see  you  hanged.*  *  Madam,-  said  he,  *  I 
hope  to  live  to  see  you  old.  * "  fo.  27. 
"  From  Dr.  Howe." 

The  next  extract  contains  a  narra- 
tive of  a  very  singular  legal  case,  which 
comes  down  to  us  upon  the  most  un- 
questionable authority — that  of  the 
old  Serjeant  who,  afler  having  been  an 
original  member  of  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment of  Charles  I.  lived  as  father  of 
the  bar  to  congratulate  King  William 
on  his  accession  in  1688,  and,  on  that 
occasion,  at  the  age  of  86,  made  one  of 
the  readiest  and  wittiest  impromptu 
answers  ever  spoken.*  It  would  be 
difficult  to  parallel  the  following 
relation  of  superstition  and  miserable 
insufficiency  of  legal  proof.  But  the 
worst  part  of  the  matter  is  that  the 
acute  lawyer  by  whom  the  account 
was  penned  was  evidently  so  entirely 
under  the  trammels  of  the  practice  and 
notions  of  his  time  that  he  did  not  dis- 
cern either  the  extent  or  real  charac- 
ter of  the  absurdities  which  he  relates. 
We  have  no  room  for  the  comment 
which  the  narrative  invites.  It  must 
be  handed  over  to  some  future  editor 
of  English  Causes  Celebres,  or  some 
commentator  upon  the  history  of  po- 
pular superstition. 

"  Singular    instance   of  Supersti- 
tion, A.D.  1629. 

"  The  case,  or  rather  history  of  a  case, 
that  happened  in  the  county  of  Hereford 
in  the  4th  year  qf  the  reign  qf  king 
Charles  the  First,  which  was  taken/rom 
a  MS,  qf  Serjeant  Mainard,  who  writes 
thus  : 

*'  I  write  the  evidence  which  was  given, 
which  I  and  many  others  heard,  and  I 
write  it  exactly  according  to  what  was  de- 
posed at  the  trial  at  the  bar  in  the  King's 
Bench.  Johan  Norkot,  the  wife  of  Arthur 
Norkot,  being  murdered,  the  question  was, 
how  she  came  by  her  death.  The  coroner's 
inquest  on  view  of  the  body  and  deposi- 
tion of  Mary  Norkot,  John  Okeman  and 
Agnes  his  wife,  inclined  to  find  Joan  Nor- 
cot  Jelo  de  se :  for  they  [f .  e.  the  witnesses 
before  mentioned]  informed  the  coroner 
and  the  jury  that  she  was  found  dead  in 


*  '*  You  must  have  outlived  many  of  your  legal  brethren,"  remarked  William,  when 


the  aged  lawyer  was  introduced  to  him.    "  If  it  had  not 
antwef;  '*  I  Should  have  outlived  the  law  itself," 


been  for  yoa,  sir/'  was  his 


14 


The  Day-Books  qfJDr,  Henry  Sampson, 


[July, 


the  bed  and  her  throat  cut,  the  knife  stick- 
ing in  the  floor  of  the  room  ;  that  the 
night  before  she  was  so  fonnd  she  went  to 
b^  with  her  child  (now  plaintiff  in  this 
appeal),  her  hu^and  being  absent,  and 
that  no  other  person  after  such  time  as 
she  was  gone  to  bed  came  into  the  house, 
the  examinants  lying  in  the  onter  room, 
and  they  must  needs  have  seen  if  any 
stranger  had  come  in.  Whereupon  the 
jury  gave  up  to  the  coroner  their  verdict 
that  she  was  felo  de  se.  But  afterwards, 
upon  rumour  in  the  neighbourhood,  and 
the  observation  of  divers  circumstances 
that  manifested  that  she  did  not,  nor  ac- 
cording to  these  circumstances  possibly 
could,  murder  herself,  thereupon  the 
jury,  whose  verdict  was  not  drawn  into 
form  by  the  coroner,  desired  the  coroner 
that  Uie  body,  which  was  buried,  might 
be  taken  up  out  of  the  grave,  which  the 
coroner  assented  toj  and  thirty  days  after 
her  death  she  was  taken  up,  in  presence 
of  the  jury  and  a  great  number  of  the 
people,  whereupon  the  jury  changed  their 
verdict.  The  persons  being  tried  at  Hert- 
ford assizes  were  acquitted,  but  so  much 
against  the  evidence  diat  the  judge  (Harvy) 
let  fall  his  opinion  that  it  were  better  an 
appeal  were  brought  than  so  foul  a  mur- 
der should  escape  unpunished. 

**  Anno,  paachiB  iermino,  quarto  Caroli, 
they  were  tried  on  the  appeal,  which  was 
brought  by  the  young  child  against  his 
father,  grandmother,  and  aunt,  and  her 
husband  Okeman,  and  because  the  evi- 
dence was  so  strange  I  took  exact  and 
particular  notice  of  it.  It  was  as  followeth, 
viz^  After  the  matters  above  mentioned 
and  related,  an  ancient  and  grave  person, 
minister  of  the  parish  where  the  tact  was 
committed,  being  sworn  tu  give  evidence 
according  to  the  custom,  deposed,  that  the 
body  being  taken  out  of  ike  grave  thirty 
days  after  the  party's  death  and  lying  on 
the  grass,  and  the  four  defendants  present, 
they  were  required,  each  of  them,  to  touch 
the  dead  body.  Okeman's  wife  fell  on 
her  knees  and  prayed  God  to  show  token 
of  their  innocency,  or  to  some  such  pur* 
pose,  but  her  very  words  I  forgot.  The 
appellers  did  touch  the  dead  body,  where- 
upon the  brow  of  the  dead,  which  was  of 
a  livid  or  carrion  colour  (that  was  the  ver- 
bal expression  in  the  terms  of  the  witness) 
began  to  have  a  dew  or  gentle  sweat 
[which]  ran  down  in  drops  on  the  face, 
and  the  brow  turned  and  changed  to  a 
Mvely  and  fresh  colour,  and  fiie  dead 
opened  one  of  her  eyes  and  shut  it  again, 
and  this  opening  the  eye  was  done  Siree 
several  times.  She  likewise  thrust  out  the 
ring  or  marriage  finger  three  times  and 
pulled  it  in  again,  and  the  finger  dropt 
blood  from  it  on  the  grass.'' 


"  Hjfde  (Nichokut)  Chief  JutHeei  seem- 
ing to  doubt  the  evidence,  asked  the  wit- 
ness *  Who  saw  this  besides  yourself? ' 

*'  Witneat.  *  I  cannot  swear  that  others 
saw  it;  but,  my  Lord,'  said  he,  *  I  believe 
the  whole  company  saw  it,  and  if  it  had 
been  thought  a  doubt,  proof  would  have 
been  made  of  it,  and  many  would  have 
attested  with  me.' 

'*  Then  the  witness,  observing  some 
admiration  in  the  auditors,  he  spake  far- 
ther, *  My  Lord,  I  am  minister  of  the 
parish,  long  knew  all  the  parties,  but  never 
had  any  occasion  of  displeasure  against 
any  of  them,  nor  had  to  do  with  them,  or 
they  with  me,  but  as  I  was  minister.  The 
thing  was  wonderful  to  me,  but  I  have  no 
interest  in  the  matter,  but  as  called  upon 
to  testify  the  truth,  and  that  I  have  done/ 

**  This  witness  was  a  reverend  person 
as  I  guess  about  seventy  years  of  age. 
His  testimony  was  delivered  gravely  and 
temperately,  but  to  the  great  admiration 
of  the  auditory.  Whereupon,  applying 
himself  to  the  Lord  Chief  Justice,  he  said, 
'  My  Lord,  my  brother  here  present  is 
minister  of  the  next  parish  adjacent,  and 
I  am  assured  saw  all  done  as  I  have 
affirmed,'  whereupon  that  person  was  also 
sworn  to  give  eridence,  and  did  depose 
the  same  in  every  point,  viz^  the  sweating 
of  the  brow,  the  changes  of  its  colour, 
opening  of  the  eye,  the  thrice  motion  of 
the  finger  and  drawing  it  in  again ;  only 
the  first  witness  deposed  that  he  himself 
dipped  his  finger  in  the  blood  to  examine 
it,  and  swore  he  believed  it  was  really 
blood.  I  conferred  afterwards  with  Sir  Ed- 
mund Vowel,  barrister-at-law,  and  others, 
who  all  concurred  in  this  observation,  and 
for  myself,  if  I  were  upon  my  oath,  can 
depose  that  these  depositions,  especially  of 
the  first  witness,  are  truly  here  reported 
in  substance. 

**  The  other  evidence  was  given  against 
the  prisoners,  viz^  against  the  grand- 
mother of  the  plaintiff  and  ag^nst  Oke- 
man and  his  wife,  that  they  lay  in  the 
next  room  to  the  dead  person  that  night, 
and  that  none  came  into  the  house  till  they 
found  her  dead  next  morning,  therefore  if 
she  did  not  murther  herself,  they  must  be 
the  murtherers,  and  to  that  end  further 
proof  was  made.  Ist.  She  lay  in  a  com- 
posed manner  in  her  bed,  the  bed  cloatha 
nothing  at  all  disturbed,  and  her  child  by 
her  in  the  bed.  2dly.  Her  throat  was 
cut  from  ear  to  ear  and  her  neck  broken, 
and  if  she  first  cut  her  throat  she  could 
not  break  her  neck  in  the  bed,  nor  e  eon- 
tra,  3dly.  There  was  no  blood  in  the  bed 
saving  that  there  was  a  tincture  of  blood 
upon  the  bolster  whereupon  her  head  lay, 
but  no  other  substance  of  blood  at  aU. 
4thly.  From  the  bed's  head  there  wet 


1851.] 


The  Da^'Boohs  of  Dr.  Henry  Sampson, 


15 


a  ftream  of  blood  on  the  floor,  till  it 
ponded  on  the  bending  of  the  floor  to  a 
Tery  great  quantity,  and  there  was  also 
another  stream  of  blood  on  the  floor  at 
the  bed*8  feet,  which  ponded  also  on  the 
floor  to  another  great  quantity,  but  no 
continnance  or  communication  of  blood  of 
either  of  these  two  places,  the  one  from 
the  other,  neither  upon  the  bed,  so  that 
the  bled  in  two  places  severally,  and  it 
was  deposed  that  turning  up  the  matte  of 
the  bed  there  were  clotts  of  congealed 
blood  in  the  straw  of  the  matte  under- 
neath. 5thly.  The  bloody  knife  in  the 
morning  was  found  stickiDg  in  the  floor  a 
good  distance  from  the  bed,  but  the  point 
of  the  knife  as  it  stuck  in  the  floor  was 
towards  the  bed  and  the  haft  towards  the 
door.  6thly.  Lastly,  there  was  the  print 
of  a  thumb  and  four  fingers  of  a  left  hand 
on  the  dead  person's  left  hand.'' 

"  Hyde,  Chi^Juttiee,  '  How  can  you 
know  the  print  of  a  left  hand  from  the 
print  of  a  right  hand  in  such  a  case  ? ' 

**  Witness.  '  My  Lord,  it  is  hard  to 
describe  it,  but  if  it  please  the  honorable 
judge  (t.  e,  the  judge  sitting  on  the  bench 
beside  the  chief-justice)  to  putiiis  left  hand 
on  your  left  hand,  you  cannot  possibly 
place  your  right  hand  in  the  same  posture. 

'*  Which  being  done,and  appearing  so,  the 
defendants  had  time  to  make  their  defences, 
but  gave  no  evidences  to  any  purpose. 

' '  The  jury,  departing  from  the  bar  and 
returning,  acquitted  Oakman,  and  found 
the  other  three  guilty ;  who  being  severally 
demanded  why  judgment  should  not  be 
pronounced  sayd  nothing,  but  each  of 
them  said,  '  I  did  not  do  it  1  I  did  not  do 
it  1 '  Judgment  was  given,  and  the  grand- 
mother and  the  husband  executed,  but  the 
aunt  had  the  privil^e  to  be  spared  execu- 
tion, being  with  child.  I  inquired  if  they 
confessed  any  thing  at  execution,  but  did 
not,  as  I  was  told." 

"  Thus  far  Serjeant,  afterwards  Sir  John, 
Mainard,  a  person  of  great  note  and  judg- 
ment in  the  law.  The  paper  of  which 
this  is  a  copy  was  found  amongst  his 
papers  since  his  death,*  fair  ?nritten  with 
his  own  hands.  Mr.  Hunt  of  the  Temple 
took  a  copy  of  it  and  gave  it  me,  which  I 
have  hither  transcribed.     H.  S." 

Amone  the  persons  who  figured  in 
the  rebelSons  of  Monmouth  and  Argyll, 
the  names  of  Robert  Ferguson  and 
Richard  Rumbold  are  well  known. 
Both  have  been  sketched  by  the  ef- 
fective and  admirable  pen  of  Mr.  Ma- 
caulay ;  but  the  additional  information 
of  Dr.  Sampson  will  be  valued  even 


by  those  who  are  best  acquainted  with 
the  skilful  picture  -  drawing  of  our 
modem  historian. 

Ferguson,  "the  Judas  of  Dryden's 
great  satire,"  was  deeply  implicated  in 
the  Rye  House  Plot ;  perhaps  its  ori- 
ginator. On  its  discovery  be  bade  his 
associates  "  farewell  with  a  laugh," 
says  Mr.  Macaulay,  "  and  told  them 
that  they  were  novices,  that  he  had 
been  used  to  flicht,  concealment,  and 
disguise,  and  tnat  he  should  never 
leave  off  plotting  while  he  lived."  The 
difliculties  in  the  way  of  his  escaoe 
may  be  partly  estimated  from  Mr. 
Macaulay  s  description  of  his  person  : 
"  his  broad  Scotch  accent,  his  tall  and 
lean  figure,  his  lantern  jaws,  the 
gleam  of  his  sharp  eyes,  which  were  al- 
ways overhung  by  nis  wig,  his  cheeks 
inflamed  by  an  eruption,  his  shoulders 
deformed  by  a  stoop,  and  his  gait  dis- 
tinguished from  that  of  other  men  by 
a  peculiar  shufile,  made  him  remark- 
able wherever  he  appeared.  Bat 
though  he  was,  as  it  seemed,  pursued 
with  peculiar  animosity,  it  was  whis- 
pered that  this  animosity  was  feigned, 
and  that  the  officers  of  justice  had 
secret  orders  not  to  see  him."  How 
he  escaped  is  thus  detailed  by  Dr. 
Sampson,  upon  the  authority  of  the 
chief  agent  m  affording  him  assistance. 
**  Ma.  Robert  Ferguson's  escapes. 

"  When  he  had  brought  the  Duke  of 
Monmouth  into  the  noose  for  which  he 
died,  he  escaped  himself  by  wandering  up 
and  down  in  the  country.  [When  he  was 
endeavouring  to  make  bis  escape  after  the 
Rye  House  Plot]  he  came  to  an  inn  in  Ut- 
toxeter  on  a  market  day,  when,  two  hours 
after,  the  proclamation  was  openly  madfi 
for  500/.  to  any  that  could  apprehend  him 
and  others  there  named.  A  woman  staring 
him  in  the  face  as  he  stood  by  the  kitchen 
fire,  cried  out  *  Who  have  you  got  here  ? 
A  traitor  ?  *  Upon  which  suggestion  the 
landlord,  a  Tory,  took  him  into  his  cham- 
ber and  thought  to  have  made  a  prey  of 
him,  but  his  heart  failed  him,  fearing  the 
ignominy  of  betraying  his  guests.  Late 
at  night,  in  his  chamber,  he  [Ferguson] 
overheard  a  man  at  prayers  with  his  family, 
and  liked  what  he  heard  so  well  that  he 
thought  he  was  a  man  to  be  confided  in, 
and  would  needs  send  for  him  in  the 
morning.  This  man  proved  to  be  Mr. 
Murial,  then  schoolmaster^at  Uttoxeter. 
He  began  freely  to  discourse  with  him, 


*  Sir  John  Maynard  died  in  1690. 


16 


The  Day'Books  of  Dr,  Henry  Sampson, 


[July, 


and  would  have  told  his  name,  but  Mr. 
M.  forbade  him.  However  he  conveyed 
him  out  of  the  town  safely,  walking  with 
him  three  miles,  and  gave  him  recom- 
mendations to  Newcastle  under  Line  and 
Congerton.  At  Newcastle,  being  weary, 
he  hired  a  horse  and  had  a  man  with  him 
to  fetch  him  back ;  he  therefore  went  to  an 
inn  to  set  up  his  horse  first,  and  asked  for 
the  gentleman's  house  to  whom  he  was 
recommended.  The  landlord  has  his  eye 
upon  him,  and  all  having  their  mouths 
and  thoughts  upon  the  plot,  designed  to 
follow  him.  As  soon  as  he  came  to  the 
gentleman  he  asked  where  he  had  left  his 
horse  ?  '  At  such  an  inn,'  said  he ;  *  then ' 
said  the  gentleman,  who  was  a  sober  and 
suspicious  Dissenter,  '  it  is  not  safe  for 
you  to  be  in  my  house,'  and  so  packed 
him  away  presently.  He  had  not  been 
gone  half  an  hour  before  the  innkeeper 
and  constable  came  to  search  for  him. 
'  He  only  delivered  in  a  letter  and  is  gone,' 
said  the  gentleman.  So  they  missed  their 
prey.  He  wandered  farther,  got  into 
Holland,  came  over  with  the  Duke  of 
Moumouth,  and  how  he  then  also  escaped 
must  be  wondered  at.  One  would  think 
he  was  reserved  for  great  service,  but  he 
has  shaken  off  his  profession  of  religion, 
changed  his  side,  and  is  imprisoned  for 
the  plot  against  King  William,  whence  he 
will  hardly  escape  if  any  thing  that  touches 
his  life  be  made  out  against  him."  fo.  25. 
**  From  the  same  Mr.  Muriall." 

Rumbold  was  the  proprietor  of  the 
Rye  House,  and  was  mixed  up  in  the 
plot.  One  of  Cromweirs  old  Ironsides, 
a  soldier  of  Dunbar  and  Worcester,  he 
bad  passed  through  a  life  of  danger 
and  adventure,  and  was  at  no  loss  for 
resources  on  any  emergency.  He  es- 
caped to  the  continent,  returned  with 
Argyll,  was  taken  prisoner,  and  met 
his  fate  like  a  hero.  The  following  is 
Sampson's  note  about  him. 

"  Of  Mr.  Rumbold. 

•'  He  was  an  officer  in  Oliver  Crom- 
well^s  army,  a  stout  man,  one  that  carried 
the  old  cause  and  the  love  of  it  in  his 
heart.  He  was  very  lavish  of  his  tongue, 
and  was  often  so  bold  in  speaking  against 
King  Charles  H.,  that  divers  told  him  he 
would  be  hanged  for  it.  It  is  well  known 
he  came  with  Argyll  into  Scotland  and 
was  there  executed,  his  quarters  brought 
to  the  Rye-house.  At  his  death  he  de- 
clared two  things ;  1st.  That  he  was  one 
of  the  persons^hat  stood  upon  the  scaffold 
at  Whitehall  at  the  time  the  king  was  ex- 
ecuted, but  did  not  the  execution  :  which 
he  declared  that  others  might  not  be  sus- 
pected or  sought  after  upon  that  account. 
2 


2dly.  That  the  whole  business  of  design- 
ing to  stop  the  king's  coach  and  murder 
him  at  the  Rye-house  was  a  mere  inven- 
tion ;  that  such  a  thing  was  talked  of  that 
it  might  be  done  by  others  he  knew  not, 
but  that  he  ever  spake  of  it  with  design  or 
preparation  to  do  it  he  utterly  denied  it 
upon  his  death.  He  was  certainly  a  valiant 
man  and  abhorred  base  assassinations. 
He  charged  his  son,  upon  his  blessing,  if 
ever  such  a  war  was  raised  against  the 
king,  to  be  of  the  same  side  he  had  been. 
He  was  an  Anabaptist  by  persuasion." 
fo.  27.  *'  From  Mr.  Fryar  of  Clapham 
and  his  wife.^' 

The  following  story  reminds  us  of 
anecdotes  which  are  now  told  of  hu- 
man beings  in  the  lowest  grade  of 
intellect.  It  seems  scarcely  credible 
that  in  1630  any  person  in  England 
should  have  been  so  ignorant. 

**  A  Pleasant  Story  of  a  Country- 
man WITH  A  Watch. 

"  The  famous  Lord  Brooke,  about  the 
year  1630,  had  occasion  to  light  off  his 
horse  and  laid  down  his  watch  on  the 
grass.  It  was  a  watch  of  great  price,  the 
case  set  with  diamonds.  He  left  it  where 
he  laid  it,  forgetting  it.  Riding  up  to  his 
company,  some  of  them  asked  what  o'clock 
it  was  ?  This  made  him  feel  for  his  watch. 
He  now  remembers  where  he  left  it. 
They  all  rode  back  with  him,  and  near  the 
place  meet  a  countryman  and  ask  him  if 
he  saw  not  a  watch.  *  What's  that  ? '  said 
he.  They  told  him  it  was  a  thing  that 
clicked  and  shined.  (He  had  never  seen 
one  before.)  '  Oh,'  says  he,  '  I  shall  show 
it  to  you.  I've  mauled  it  and  made  it 
give  over  clicking  with  my  stick.  You 
may  come  near  it,  it  will  not  hurt  you, 
I  warrant  you.'  He  had  all-battered  the 
watch  to  pieces,  thinking  it  to  be  some 
poisonous  animal  in  the  grass."     fo.  20. 

"  Mr.  Sterry  that  was  one  of  the  com- 
pany told  it  to  Mr.  Howe." 

The  unshaken  firmness  of  William 
in.  when  he  took  leave  of  the  States  of 
Holland,  preparatory  to  his  departure 
for  England,  has  been  celebrated  by 
Burnet  and  Macaulay.  "  The  Grand 
Pensionary "  remarks  the  latter,  "  an- 
swered in  a  faltering  voice,  and  in  all 
that  grave  senate  there  was  none  who 
could  refrain  from  shedding  tears. 
But  the  iron  stoicism  of  William  never 
gave  way ;  and  he  stood  among  his 
weeping  friends  calm  and  austere,  as  if 
he  had  oeen  about  to  leave  them  only 
for  a  short  visit  to  his  hunting  grounds 
at  Loo."  The  following  is  prooably  the 
account  of  the  matter  once  current  in 


1851.] 


Geometric  Desig^i. 


17 


the   best    informed    circles   in   Eng- 
land. 

**  King  William* »  takig  his  leave  of  the 
States  of  A  meter  dam  when  he  eame/or 
Bngland, 

**  He  told  them  he  came  now  to  take  it 
may  be  bis  last  leave  of  them  :  the  adven* 
tureand  design  was  very  bazardoiii.  'I  have 
served  you/  saith  he,  *  to  the  utmost  of 
my  powf  r,  and  wherein  I  have  done  well 
T  hope  you  accept  of  it,  wherein  other- 
wise ]  hope  you*ll  pardon  : '  which  he 
expressed  so  affectionately  that  they  all 
wept,  but  himself."    fo.  20. 

We  shall  conclude  our  selection 
from  Dr.  Sampsou*s  manuscripts  with 
a  memorandum  which  will  probablj  be 
judged  to  be  of  considerable  profes- 
sional interest.  In  it  we  see  the  first 
traces  of  the  introduction  into  medical 
practice  of  what  is  now  one  of  the 
commonest  as  well  as  the  most  va- 
luable of  our  remedial  agents. 

"  Of  the  effect  of  9  given  inwardly, 

**  I  lately  gave  to  one  Mr.  Cole,  a  brick- 
layer, in  Monksbil  Streeti  8  ounces  of 
crude  9 ,  thinking  him  t«  be  past  cure. 
He  had  an  iliao  passion,  had  vehement 
and  intolerable  pains  in  his  belly,  [stop- 
page in  his  bowels] ,  bad  cold  sweats  on 
bis  bands,  which  were  grown  black  with 
cold,  no  sensible  pulse,  bis  eyes  sunk,  an 
hypocratical  face,  a  straight  and  frequent 
sort  of  breathing,  and  all  other  symptoms 
of  a  dying  man.  I  gave  a  prognostic 
of  his  danger,  and  told  them  the  medi- 
cine. The  first  half  did  no  sensible  hurt, 
the  second  half  gave  him  some  little 
ease :  the  next  morning  in  the  urinal 
there   were  some  little   particles  of  the 


9  seen,  which  1  gathered  by  and  into  a 
filtering  paper,  and  being  united  they  were 
as  big  as  a  small  bead.  He  grew  better 
daily,  but  it  was  a  week  before  the  9  be- 
gan to  pass  ....  and  then  some  ounces  of 
it  were  gathered.  I  observed  the  same 
long  time  before  it  passed  in  Madam  Anne 
Mecklethwayt,  who  also  recovered.  Mr. 
Tyndal,  between  the  i^alls  at  Hogsden, 
took  3  pound  of  9 ,  and  after  3  or  4  days 
time  avoided  it  all,  gathered  it  all  up, 
saved  it  in  a  phial,  shewed  it  to  hundreds 
of  persouK,  there  was  not  above  a  dram 
or  two  off  the  whole  weight  when  it  was 
taken,  but  neither  of  these  two  passed  any- 
thing by  urine.  Madam  Carre,  sister  to 
the  Lord  Wharton,  took  (for  the  same 
pains  and  stoppages  in  her  bowels  as  the 
3  former)  crude  9,  the  physicians  (Dr. 
Mecklethwayt  and  Dr.  Clifford)  gave 
order  to  mingle  it  well  with  conserve  of 
cichory  flowers.'*'  The  apothecary  (Mr. 
FreemaUf  near  Gray's  Inn  Gate,)  caused 
them  to  be  beaten  together  2  or  3  hours, 
whereby  they  were  mightily  incorporated, 
the  patient  swallowed  all  in  3  or  4  boluses, 
which  she  found  very  heavy  in  her  stomach, 
where  they  lay  many  days  till  she  fell  into 
a  salivation,  which  was  long,  tedious,  and 
very  great  She  got  off  from  it,  was  some- 
what eased  of  her  pains,  but  was  never 
well  afterwards,  dying  about  a  year  after- 
wards." fo.  18. 

We  bid  farewell  to  Dr.  Sampson, 
with  a  hope  that  what  we  have  pub- 
lished out  of  his  Day  Books  will  give 
them  a  place  among  our  recognised  ma- 
nuscript historical  authorities.  Other 
passages  remain  unpublished,  which 
will  well  repay  consultation  by  all  in- 
quirers into  the  events  of  Sampson's 
period. 


GEOMETRIC  DESIGN. 

The  Infinity  of  Geometric  Design  exemplified.  By  Robert  William  Billings, 
Architect,  Hon.  Member  of  the  Societies  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland  and  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne.     1849.  4to. 

The  Power  of  Form  applied  to  Geometric  Tracery.  One  Hundred  Designs  and  their 
Foundations  resnlting  from  one  Diagram.  By  Robert  William  Billings,  Associate  of 
the  Institute  of  British  Architects,  &c.     1851.  8vo. 


MR.  BILLINGS,  in  his  very  ex- 
tensive experience  as  an  architectural 
draughtsman,  has  for  many  years  de- 
lighted to  wrestle  with  all  the  diffi- 
culties of  perspective  and  proportion  ; 
and,  whilst  so  engaged,  he  has  Dcguiled 
the  monotony  of  his  labours  with  the 


more  enlivening  effort  to  master  the 
true  spirit  of  the  object  of  his  study. 
He  has  endeavoured  to  penetrate  be- 
neath the  surface  into  those  principles 
of  design  which  actuated  the  older 
artists,  and  which  it  may  be  fairly  pre- 
sumed contain  the  secret  of  their  suc- 


*  We  have  here  an  early,  perhaps  the  earliest,  form  of  blue  pill. 
Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  D 


18 


Geometric  Design^ 


[July, 


cess.  Though  he  does  not  question 
the  kindred  knowledge  which  other 
practical  artists  may  have  acquired, 
by  searching  in  like  manner  for  the 
primary  elements  of  the  knowledge 
(}f  their  profession,  he  claims  to  have 
been  "first  in  the  field  tcj  prove, 
that  not  only  is  the  whole  detail  of 
Gothic  Architecture  founded  upon 
geometric  law,  but  that  the  power  of 
design  still  remains  with  us,  waiting 
only  for  its  application/*  He  com- 
bats the  notion  that  all  architecture 
must  be  founded  upon  precedent,  nud 
ridicules  the  misappropriation  of  the 
term  "  design  *'  to  a  mere  composi- 
tion of  pilfered  facts.  He  asserts  that 
"to  the  skilled  artist  there  is  no 
more  difiiculty  in  exhibiting  new  com- 
binations of  form  than  is  experi- 
enced by  the  musical  composer  in  pro- 
curing changes  of  souna,  or  by  the 
arithmetician  in  varying  the  power  of 
numbers ;  **  and,  in  exemplification  of 


this  assertion,  he  has  published  the  two 
series  of  designs,  to  which  we  now 
invite  the  attention  of  our  readers. 

The  quarto  volume  consists  of  forty 
plates  ;  the  first  twenty  of  which  con- 
tain one  hundred  design  for  tracing 
panels,  having  a  common  diagram  of 
four  equal  disconnected  circles. 


Geomtiric  Design. 


He  then  proceeds  tn  form  design  b 
'mm   four   equsl   conne4;t«d   circles  ; 


in  Carlisle  Catbedral,  and  Brancepeth 
Cliurch.  The  result  is  to  show  that 
the  combinations  and  variations  of 
form  are  almost  endless. 


age,  ill  are  eonTersant ;  and  eipen- 
il  will  thorn  that  eqnallj  unlimited  are 
thorn  of  geoBielric  art.  io  Ibe  pTodnclioQ 
of  combinalioDi  from   a  given  groand- 

"  One  feature  is  peculiar  to  the  Braoce- 
peth  eiamples,  a  aerie*  of  eircnlar  tracery 
paneli,  upon  whose  diagram*  are  foundeJ 
th<ne  eibibiird  in  platea  24,  23,  and  29. 
Theie  combination)  of  wkeel  or  circoUr 
tracery,  where  one  form  is  apparently  on 
the  continoal  chase  after  another,  are  of 
the    most    inierritini:,    lively,   and    ereu 

Elayfal  description,  exhibiting  at  once  on- 
Dunded  facility  oFdesiga  and  picturesque 
combination  of  cbaneter." 


Some  of  the  ceskelB,  locks,  and 
other  works  of  the  medinral  smiths 
are  the  most  beautiful  productions  of 
former  times  in  this  style.  But  there 
are  manj  departments  of  ornamental 
art,  hitherto  confined  to  other  styles, 
in  which  the  application  of  geometric 
design  would  be  equallj  novel  and 
appropriate. 

Mr.  Billings's  more  recent  volume 
pursues  the  same  object,  by  exhibit- 
mg  a  series  of  one  hundred  designs, 
all  resulting  from  the  smaller  diagram 
shown  in  Ine  next  |>age. 

These  deaifins  are  engraved  on  wmid, 
and  published  at  a  price  calculated 
to  make  them  generally  accessible. 

"  In  the  first  aeries,  the  secondary 
bondatioti  of  design  in  combiDatioTi  with 
four  circles,  was  necrsnarily  the  iqiiarc, 
or  the  octagon,  two  figorei  agreeing  in 
numbers  with  the  primary  diagram.  In 
the  present  effort,  the  secondary  form,  in 
connectioil  with  the  three  iaclosed  circles. 


Geometric  Detign. 


[July. 


We  liave  extracted  tirn  of  Mr.  Kil- 
llnga'a  desigrm  Troiu  liii  Inter  volume, 
iritn  their  accnmpaTij'iiiK  diagraniB,  In 
which  the  curves  and  (Tnea  of  wliieh 
thej  are  cumpnge*!  ore  numbered  in 
the  order  of  their  tbrniHtiiHi.  In  turn- 
ing over  the  book  we  find  of  course 
ft  continual  approach  to  iileutitj,  but 
at  the  same  time  nii  almiut  infinite 
variety  of  expre^nion.  Some  parls,  as 
the  small  central  triangle,  and  the 
spandriU  in  their  outer  Imumlaries, 
are  less  capable  of  Tarielj  than  olhcrp. 

'■  None  of  the  ordinirf  liguri 


rchilrc 


is  the  equiUtetal  Iriangle  or  the  bejugun. 
Every  (eoroeiricBl  figure  nuniberin^  np. 
ward  will  be  found  lo  contribute  il«  qnol» 
to  this  ioexbauitible  mine  of  linear  ile- 
Telopemcnt The  Iriangl-',  ai  a  foun- 
dation lbrdeii(n.potMMF«  greatrr  power  Then,  agiiD, 
of  variation  than  aoy  other  t%an.  have  iacloted 


used,  eiceptin?  Indeed  as  perffctly  m 
sidiaty  lo  Ibe  general  form.  Thnt,  nnder 
the  head  of  whet  has  been  usiiallj  termed 
design,  the  three  circles  of  our  diagram 
might  each  have  been  filled  iriih  a  (refoil, 
a  einqoefoil,  and  so  upward  in  nnmher. 
~  h  of  those  Hgnrea  might 
fblialed  or  other  oma- 


Gtomttric  Design. 


mentiil  boii  in  their  centre,  and  the  spdn- 
drill  might  hHe  beea  Toried  to  on  inter- 
minable utent  b;  object!  from  the  inimal 
■Dd  Tegetablo  kiagdom.  Bat  alt  these 
have  UeeD  parpoieiy  HTOided,  ia  order  to 
prOTG  the  amoant  to  be  accompUihed  with 

The  author's  obJL-Kt,  in  brief,  liaa 
been  to  exhibit  vanetj  of  form.  He 
rrmkl;  admltB  that  all  the  varieties 
are  not  equally  beautiful,  nor  equally 
worthy  of  adoption.  But,  he  remarks, 
"  If  the  Qone  be  so  with  the  present 
series,  it  is  equally  bo  witli  many  ex- 
BDiples  having  only  anfiquity  to  re- 
commend them."  His  Huj^geslions  offer 
the  freest  exercise  to  tnste,  in  the  place 
of  monotonous  and  uninteresting  tauto- 


iojjj.  He  inculcates  the  spirit  which 
actuiited  the  old  masters,  rather  than 
a  strict  adherence  to  the  pHtterns  they 
chance  to  have   left-     Hia  aim  ia  to 

"  that  endlrsi  repetition  which  dia- 
graces  our  modern  buildtugs,  eipreaaed 
larcistically  as  '  the  artificial  infinite.' 
by  proving  that  we  hate  tlie  power  of 
proilucing  the  reality  of  infinity.  Bap- 
posing  (contrar;  Co  all  modem  practice] 
that  a  great  bnilding  had  to  be  erected, 
in  which  every  wimlow  and  every  ceiling, 
the  doors,  wall,  decoration  a,  ecreeng,  and 
furniture,  required  not  fifty,  bat  fifty  ' 
thousand  diS'crent  deaigna,  they  could  be 
produced  by  the  aid  of  filed  diagrams." 


CHRISTIAN  ICONOGRAPHY  AND  LEGENDARY  A 
Bt  J.  G.  Walleb. 
TaB  Hbaveklt  Host  (coultTOied). 
Third  Order. — PrineipaUHet,  Archangels,  Angels. 


THE  third  order  ie  the  most  import- 
ant in  its  relation  to  art  and  icono- 
graphy  of  all  the  ranks  of  the  Heavenlj 
Host;  especiallj  in  reference  to  tha 
two  last  members,  which  plar  a  great 
jrart  in  legendnrj  history  and  by  con- 
tiequence  in  le"endar_y  art.  Indeed  most 
of  the  othersubdivisions  of  the  heavenly 
choir  are,  as  it  were,  refinemenU  of 
apeculation,thecberubim  and  seraphim 
excepted,  as  analogous  ideas  seem  to 
have  had  a  deep  root  in  the  East  at  a 
period  of  the  most  venerable  antiquity. 

The  Fkincipalities  were  celestial 


proriiice.  In  the  "  Guide"  no  distino- 
tion  ii  made  between  the  diSerent 
memben  of  the  third  order,  which  is 
certainly  singular  j  but  it  will  be  found 
that,  in  alt  early  examples,  the  rule  is 
borne  out,  both  in  the  Greek  and  Latin 
Church.  In  that  manual  of  the  Eastern 
Church  which  yet  forms  the  rule  for  their 
artisU'  conventions,  all  the  members 
of  the  third  order  are  represented  as 
clad  in  military  vestments,  with  bands 
rf  gold.  "  They  hold  in  their  hands 
javelins  with  axes ;  the  Javelins  ter- 
minated in  lance-headi<."  In  the  Latin 
Church,  celestial  warriors  armed  as 
soldiers,  are  always  understood  to  be 
the  archangels,  dot  do  I  remember 
an  instance  where  any  others  are  at- 
tired as  in  the  extract  above  siveD. 
On  the  imperial  Dalmatic  at  Kome, 
although  there  ii  no  distinction  among 
the  members  nf  the  third  order,  yet 
none  of  them  are  armed.     Indeed  the 


to  the  early  ages,  but  is  found  from  the 
fourteenth  to  the  ai.tteenth  centuries. 
St.  Michael  is  always  so  distingnished, 
and  occasionally  other*. 

At  Jvirfln  the  Principalities  are 
represented  as  like  the  Powers,  but 
with  richer  vestments,  and  feel  covered 
with  hose,  and  they  bear  a  branch  of 
lily  in  the  right  hand.  On  the  screen 
■t  Barton  Turf  this  is  exchan;:ed  for 
a  palm  branch,  at  Southwold  it  is  a 


sceptre,  but  our  ex- 
ample from  Beau- 
chanip  Chapel  pre- 
sentsuHwith  marked 
and  distinct  features. 
Not  differing  in 
many  points  IVom 
other  instances  from 
the  same  series,  it 
yet  has  peculiarities 

The  figure  is  ar- 
rayed m  the  garb 
of  royalty,  and  with 
the  emblems  of  tem- 
poral power  only.  A 
richly  embroidered 
mantle  is  fastened  on 
the  breast;  he  bears 
a  regal  crown  upon 
his  head  ;  in  his  right  hand  he  holds 
B  sceptre,  in  his  lefl  an  uplifted 
sword  :  these  are  the  emblems  of  a 
prince,  and  mark  the  order  of  Princi- 

The  Abchakobls.  To  the  Arch- 
angels, says  Jacohus  de  Voragine  in 
the  Golden  Legend,  were  commitlcd 
the  rule  of  a  single  city,  but  this  would 
give  n  very  circumscribed  office  com- 
pared to  that  which  the  Archancel 
■eemstoholdin  Christian  Iconography. 
Their  power  was  held  at  all  times 
in  the  highest  estimation,  not  only 
amongst  ihe  Christians,  but  by  their 
anU-cessors  the  Jews  ;  and  even  by 
Mahomet,  who  embodied  in  his  creed 
the  doctrine  of  angels,  which  he  doubt- 
less derived  from  the  latter,  llie 
AacHADOBL  Michael  appears  Bs  the 
vanquisher  of  the  Dragon,  i.  «.  Satan, 
or  thespirit  of  evil;  he  it  par  excelleaee 
the  leader  of  the  celei>tial  armies,  and 
to  him  is  committed  ihe  office  of  soul- 
weighing,  a  myth  that  will  be  treated 
more  fully  hereafter.  In  fact,  from  the 
frequency  of  his  appearance  in  me- 
dieval art,  and  the  important  part  he 
is  made  to  act,  he  takes  rank  boTore 
any  other  member  of  the  heavenly 
host.  One  ancient  writer  calls  St. 
Michael  "  Sanctui  architrapa,  antma- 


1^1.]  Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art. 


23 


ruin  propugnator,  corporum  conser- 
vator, universasque  naturae  illustra- 
tor.** Hid  power  over  the  malign 
spirits  in  the  creed  of  the  Middle  Ages 
is  also  attested  by  prayers  put  into  the 
mouths  of  the  ujing,  and  nothing  is 
more  common  than  io  find  amongst 
old  church  bella  one  dedicated  to  St. 
Michael,  as  a  name  potent  over  the 
powers  of  the  air.  The  reverence  for 
this  archangel  was  great  amonsst  the 
Jews  at  a  late  period  of  their  history ; 
he  was  their  national  protector.  This 
doctrine  easily  passed  from  them  into 
the  creed  of  the  early  Christians; — 
how  soon,  has  already  been  shown 
from  its  condemnation  by  St.  Pkul. 

St.  Gabriel  comes  next ;  he  it  was 
who  announced  to  the  Virgin  the  mes- 
sage of  grace,  "  Hail  Mary,  thou  that 
art  hisbly  favoured,  &c.**  He  conse- 
quently plays  a  great  part  in  ecclesi- 
astical art  nrom  the  numerous  repre- 
sentations of  that  favourite  subject. 
St.  Grabriel,  however,  although  spe- 
cially honoured  in  the  Christian 
Church,  and  frequently  invoked  in 
prayer  and  litanies,  is  nevertheless 
the  great  patron  of  the  religion  of  Ma- 
homet, who  seems  to  have  chosen  him 
«in  opposition  to  St.  Michael,  so  ho- 
noured by  the  Jews.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered, that  it  was  the  angel  Gabriel  who 
accompanied  Mahomet  in  the  celebrated 
night  journey  from  Mecca  to  Jerusa- 
lem, and  thence  to  the  seventh  heaven. 
There  is  a  partial  consent,  however, 
between  the  offices  held  by  St.  Grabriel 
and  St.  Michael  under  the  Mahomme- 
dan  system,  which  shows  their  common 
origin.  St.  Gabriel  is  the  angel  of 
revelation,  and  the  recorder  of  the  di- 
vine decrees ;  but  St.  Michael  is  still 
the  divine  warrior  or  champion  of 
heaven.  St.  Raphael,  though  con- 
stantly associated  in  the  litanies  with 
the  other  two  archangels,  does  not 
play  so  great  a  part  in  the  Christian 
mythology.  In  apocryphal  scripture 
be  is  made  known  to  us,  by  his  con- 
nexion with  the  Story  of  Tobit.  The 
other  names  of  the  archangels  are 
Uriel,  Jophiel,  Abdiel,  &c. 

The  iconographical  history  of  St. 
Michael  dates  back  to  the  fiflh  and 
sixth  centuries  of  the  Christian  era, 
when  representations  of  the  messen- 
gers of  heaven  first  began  to  be  intro- 
duced ;  but  it  is  not  until  the  age  of 
symbolism  had  passed,  that  is,  until 


after  the  second  Council  of  Nice,  that 
this  history  becomes  interesting.     In 
the  earlier  period  there  is  little  if  any 
distinction  between  the  array  of  the 
archangel  and  that  of  the  other  orders 
of  angels.     In  this  particular,  the  in- 
fluence of  Byzantine  art  shows  itself 
to  be  paramount,  and  it  is  compara- 
tively late  before  we  find  the  great 
archangel  arrayed  as  a  human  warrior, 
and  clad  in  the  panoply  of  an  earthly 
champion.     In  the  encounter  with  the 
dragon,  a  highly-favoured  subject,  and 
one  which  would  be  celebrated  if  only 
on  account  of  the  splendid  picture  by 
Raflaelle,  some  of  tne  earliest  designs 
aflect  only  the  use  of  spiritual  weapons. 
The  archangel  vanquishes  his  opponent 
by  the  aid  of  a  cross-surmounted  staff; 
thus  symbolising  the  victory  of  truth 
over  error,  the  power  of  the  cross  of 
Christ  over  the  embodiment  of  evil. 
This  mode  of  treating  the  subject  con- 
tinues down  to  a  late  period,  and  may 
be  noticed  on   the  coin  called  *'an 
angel,**  from  bearing  on  its  reverse  the 
figure  of  St.  Michael  vanquishing  the 
dragon.    An  interesting  example  of 
the    archangel    associated    with   this 
myth  occurs  in  an  Anglo-Saxon  MS. 
in    the    Cotton    collection,  Tiberius, 
C.  rv.,  the  date  being  about  the  tenth 
century,  and  bearing  m  some  portions  of 
its  execution  considerable  resemblance 
to  the  Benedictional  of  St.  Ethel  wold. 
In  this  design,  St.  Michael  is  attired 
in  a  loose  tunic,  flowing  to  the  ancles, 
over  which  he  wears  a  robe   some- 
what resembling  the  Roman  toga,  from 
which  it  is  doubtless  copied :    it  is 
gathered  up  over   the  left  shoulder, 
and  one  end  floats  freely  to  the  wind. 
In  his  right  hand  he  brandishes  a  lance, 
and  in  his  left  carries  a  semi-globular 
buckler,  with  a  boss  in  the  Saxon  form; 
his  feet  are  bare,  and  his  head  is  en- 
circled by  a  fillet,  which  appears  to  be 
connected  by  a  rose-shaped  ornament : 
the  wings  are  displayed,  and  the  whole 
suggests  an  intention  of  vigorous  ac- 
tion.    The  dragon  has  a  lion*s  head, 
and  is  winged.    It  has  also  a  long  tail 
winding  in  many  a  coil.     Sculptures 
at  this  period  are  inferior  as  works  of 
art  to  illuminations ;  but  I  will  allude 
to  one  example  of  the  same  subiect, 
which  will  be  useful  as  a  comparison. 
This  is  preserved  in  the  church  of  St. 
Nicholas,  Ipswich.    Here  St.  Michael 
is  represented  in  a  long  tunic,  holding 


Chrittian  Icxmography  and  Legendary  Art. 

preBDme  ia  inteod- 
ed  to  reprcKnt  the 
entire  heavenly 
host,  M  it  faces  an 
■       to  "St. 


24 

a  sword  in  bis  right  hand,  aod  a  kite- 
shaped  shield  in  the  lett.  The  interest 
of  this  relic  is  increased  hj  an  in* 
scription  in  the  vernacular  tongue, 
cut  in  large  letters  on  the  side  of  the 
(■stire,  to  the  effect  that,  "  Here  St. 
Michael  fights  wunst  the  Dragon." 
One  (ilhet  example  of  this  early  period 
shall  be  eited  before  I  pass  to  more 
developed  ideas.  In  the  paraphrase  of 
Csdnion,  nlate  vn..ArcntBologia,  vol. 
XXIV.  entitled  "  The  angeb  returning 
to  Paradise,"  St.  Michael  appears  at  the 
gate  or  doorway  of  heaven,  which  is 
approached  by  a  very  rude  and  un- 
couth ladder.  He  wears  a  regal  crown, 
and  his  name  is  inscribed  above  the 
Ggure.  The  same  attire  is  also  given 
to  Satan  or  Lucifer  in  two  other  I 


n  the  BE 


plate  i\ 


.  in  Pi 
n  plate  XV.   In  the  latter,  hi 
ticing  Eve  to  tasle  the  forbidden  fruit. 

The  attire  of  the  angels  and  arch- 
angels up  to  the  thirteenth  and  four- 
teenth centuriel  does  Dot  verjmaterially 
differ,  excepting  perhaps  that  the  arch- 
angel is  distinguished  by  the  Gllet  be- 
fore noticed;  but  as  skill  in  the  arts  ad- 
vanced so  also  a  greater  tendency  lodls- 
criniination  is  observed,  and  a  greater 
spirit  of  anthropomorphism,  assimi- 
laune  the  distinctions  among  dig- 
nitaries in  the  realms  above  to  those 
familiar  to  us  oh  earth,  until  it  fre- 
quently happens  that  the  work  of  the 
artist,  by  interpreting  the  language  of 
metaphor  in  a  lileral  sense,  becomes 
the  means  of  adding  new  ideas  to  a 
legendary  story,  already  fur  removed 
from  the  simple  elements  in  which  it 
originated . 

In  a  painting  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  discovered  in  llie  church  of 
Lenham,  Kent,  representing  "  the 
weighing  of  souls,"  St.  Michael  is  ar- 
rayed in  a  long  tunic,  and  has  a  mantle 
festened  upon  the  breant  by  a  brooch ; 
his  head  is  encircled  by  the  nimbus, 
and  the  feet  are  bare,  as  is  generally 
the  ease  up  to  this  period.  In  the 
exercise  of  this  important  function  his 
military  aiTay  might  not  be  expected, 
but  in  later  limes  it  is  scarcely  ever 
dispensed  with.  The  curious  example 
in  the  annexed  engraving  is  taken 
from  a  MS.  of  the  Koyal  Library  in 
the  British  Museum,  called  "  Queen 
Mary's  Psalter:"  it  is  of  the  middle  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  and  among  its 
Terj  fine  illuminations  is  one  which  I 


[July, 


Michael,  St. 
briel,  St.  Raphael,  |, 
and  all  the  holy  \, 
angels."  It  ia  dis-  \ 
posed  in  three  \ 
rows,  each  contain- 
ing three  figures, 
and  it  is  from  the 
middle  of  the  se- 
cond row  that  the 
present  engruvine  is  taken.  It  will  be 
perceived  thiil  the  archaneel  in  this 
example  is  attired  in  a  full  panoply 
of  chain  mail,  over  which  he  wears  a 
long  tunic  or  surcoat,  and  about  the 
neck  a  scarf  or  umice,  which  is  tied  in 
front,  the  two  ends  hanging  down 
upon  the  breast.  It  is  worthy  of  notice, 
that  all  the  examples  here  given  pre- 
sent this  garment,  and  at  this  period 
the  seraphim  and  cherubim  are  seldom 
without  it. 

In  the  right  hand  the  archangel 
bears  a  battle-axe,  a  very  unusual 
accompaniment,  but  which  is  an  evi- 
dence that  even  convention  could  not 
always  control  the  mediaeval  artists 
from  copying  the  things  around  them. 
Another  very  remarkable  feature,  is  the 
disposition  of  the  winss,  which  ia  that 
of  the  cherubim,  two  being  displayed 
above  the  head,  two  being  at  the  sides; 
a  somewhat  similar  example  is  to  be 
seen  in  Beaucbamp  Chapel.  There  is  a 
brass  at  Baleham,  in  Cambridgeshire, 
in  which  the  conventional  representa- 
tions of  the  cherubim  standing  upon  the 
wheel  are  severally  labelled  with  the 
names  of  the  archangels  St.  Michael 
and  SL  Gabriel;  hut  an  isolated  case 
like  this  must  be  regarded  as  an 
error  rather  than  appealed  to  as  an 
authority.  Throughout  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries,  St.  Michael  is 
represented  sometimes  in  "complete 
steel,"  and  in  others  merely  with  a 
lance,  but  at  the  close  of  the  fifUenth 
century,  or  perhaps  one, may  say  as 
early  at  least  as  the  middle  of  that 
era,  St.  Michael,  and  also  the  other 
archangels  and  higher  order  of  the 
heavenly  host,  are  attired  in  a  ptamott 


ever,  1  do  not  think  it  ought  t 


1861.]  Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art, 


25 


confounded.  With  the  exception  of 
the  phase  above  noticed,  St.  Michael 
is  generally  arrayed  at  the  end  of  the 
fourteenth  and  during  the  fifteenth 
centuries  in  the  costume  of  a  knight ; 
but  a  fanciful  adaptation  of  Roman 
armour  was  preferred  by  the  artists  of 
the  Renaissance,  and  it  is  thus  that  he 
appears  upon  the  monument  of  Henry 
Vll.  in  Westminster  Abbey,  the  work 
of  Torregiano.  Of  the  first  kind,  there 
is  a  beautiful  example  in  a  MS.  book 
of  Hours  of  the  "Virgin,  formerly  in 
the  library  of  the  late  Duke  of  Sussex. 
The  subject  in  which  it  occurs  is  il- 
lustrative of  the  obsequies  of  the  dead ; 
in  the  foreground  of  the  picture,  priests 
are  performing  the  last  rite  of  hu- 
manity, whilst  above,  in  the  air,  a  con- 
test is  going  on  between  St.  Michael 
and  a  grim  black  fiend  for  the  pos- 
session of  the  soul  of  the  deceased. 
The  archangel,  a  youthful  figure  with 
flowing  hair,  arrayed  in  the  armour  of 
the  fifteenth  century,  over  which  he 
wears  a  mantle  fastened  on  the  breast, 
catches  hold  of  the  ascending  spirit 
with  the  left  hand,  whilst  in  the  right 
he  bears  a  cross-headed  staff  or  crosier, 
with  which  he  is  thrusting  back  the 
demon.  Immediately  above  is  the  di- 
vine Father  in  Heaven,  with  youthful 
attendant  spirits,  who  are  eagerly 
stretching  towards  the  soul  of  the  de- 
ceased, to  secure  its  advent  to  the 
realms  of  bliss.  Nothing  can  be  more 
delicate  and  beautiful  of  its  kind  than 
this  exquisite  miniature,  which  belongs 
to  a  period  when  many  ancient  con- 
ventions were  disappearing,  and  when 
the  art  of  illuminating  itself  was  soon 
to  be  superseded  by  printing  and  en- 
graving. With  this  I  shall  close  this 
Brief  notice  of  St.  Michael,  and  proceed 
to  make  a  few  remarks  upon  the  repre- 
sentations of  St.  Gabriel,  which  are 
next  in  importance. 

St.  Gabriel  does  not  differ  in  array 
from  the  other  archangels  in  the  early 
age  of  Christian  iconography.  As  a 
holy  messenger,  he  bears  a  wand  or 
sceptre,  which  at  last  becomes  sur- 
mounted with  a  lily,  or  is  in  fact  a 
branch  of  that  flower.  Among  the 
Greeks,  as  St.  Michael  was  the  warrior, 
St.  Gabriel  was  the  priest,  and  was 
consequently  attired  in  sacerdotal  gar- 
ments, but  this,  although  common  in 
the  Latin  church,  is  too  subject  to 
exception  to  be  put  down  as  a  general 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


rule.  The  cope  and  alb,  however, 
are  frequently  given  to  St.  Gabriel, 
and  an  ordinanr  characteristic  is  a 
regal  crown.  In  the  Annunciation 
in  the  Benedictional  of  St.  Ethelwold 
St.  Grabriel  is  clothed  in  a  loose  tunic 
and  mantle,  the  former  being  orna- 
mented with  embroidery  at  the  neck 
and  round  the  sleeves.  In  his  left 
hand  he  holds  a  wand  or  sceptre,  ter- 
minating in  a  fleuT'dc'lis  or  lily,  and 
his  right  hand  is  in  the  act  of  benedic- 
tion. In  the  Psalter  of  Queen  Mary 
(Royal  MSS.  2  B.  VH.)  the  same  ap- 
parel is  visible,  but  without  the  sceptre 
or  the  fillet  which  in  the  former  design 
encircles  the  head.  At  the  corner  of 
a  house  in  Bury  St.  £dmund*s  is  a 
figure  carved  in  wood,  probably  a 
portion  of  the  Annunciation,  or  it  may 
be  a  sign  of  the  Archangel  Gabriel,  of 
the  date  of  the  latter  half  of  the 
fifteenth  century.  It  represents  a 
youthful  figure  with  flowing  hair, 
crowned,  and  bearing  in  the  right 
hand  a  sceptre  with  a  fleur-de-lis 
t^mination,  the  hand  of  the  left 
arm  broken  off:  the  limbs  are  covered 
with  the  feathered  panoply  before  de- 
scribed, but  the  feet  are  bare.  The 
body  is  clad  in  a  kind  of  j  upon,  around 
which  is  a  jewelled  baldric,  the  breast 
and  shoulders  being  defended  by  plate 
armour,  the  precise  form  of  which  is 
somewhat  indistinct.  The  wings  are 
broad,  and  reach  to  the  ancles.  There 
are  other  examples  in  which  this  arch- 
angel appears  in  the  alb  and  amice, 
which  are  commonly  appropriated  to 
the  last  member  of  tne  order,  the 
Angel;  and  others,  as  in  an  example 
in  the  Lady  Chapel,  Winchester,  in 
which  no  particular  convention  is 
used  at  all.  In  Beauchamp  Chapel 
St.  Grabriel  is  represented  in  a  highly- 
enriched  dalmatic,  and  bearing  a  lily, 
which  is  his  most  common  distinction^ 
St.  Raphael,  in  the  same  series,  is 
well  illustrated,  and  is  a  sood  example 
of  the  manner  in  which  this  archangel  is 
ordinarily  treated.  He  is  represented 
as  a  pilgrim  habited  in  a  short  white 
tunic  with  broad  embroidered  hem, 
a  earland  of  roses  upon  his  head,  and 
holding  the  bourdon  or  staff  in  his  left 
hand;  the  variations  from  this  type 
are  not  material.  St.  Jophiel  is  said 
to  have  been  the  angel  charged  with 
the  expulsion  of  our  first  parents  from 
paradise.     He   is  also  in  the  above- 

E 


Chrutian  letmography  and  Legendary  Art. 


36 

named  aeries  the  guardian  of  tbe  tree  of 
life,  and  iu  represented  in  the  fcatherj 

Eaaoplj,  holding  a  sword  in  his  right 
nnd,  a  branch  with  an  apple  in  aia 
left,  and  standing  before  a  small  tree 
of  the  eame  ;  on  bis  head  he  weare  a 
diadem  surmounted  bj  a  cross. 

We  have  not  space  for  a  com- 
plete description  of  the  many  curious 
varieties  of  tbe  angelic  choir  presented 
in  the  Beauchamp  Chapel,  not  only 
in  the  sculpture  which  has  furnished 
the  illuatratioti,  but  in  the  windows, 
mutilated  as  they  are,  where  the  order 
of  angels  is  represented  singing  from 
a  scroll  with  musical  notes,  and  which 
at  one  time  was  evidently  carried 
round  the  chapel.  In  its  present 
state  it  is  interesting,  thougb  difficult 
of  examination,  especially  as  such  sub- 
jects are  extremely  rare. 

Tbe  third  member  of  this,  the  third 
order,  is  the  Amoel,  which  gives  the 
generic  term  to  the  whole  choir,  but 
which  here  is  limited  to  a  special 
office.  Tbe  angel  is  a  sacred  messen- 
ger to  man,  and  presides  over  bis  indi- 
vidual welfare  ;  thus  he  takes  the  place 
of  the  good  demon  or  genius  of  the 
■'iot    mythologies.      In   legendary 


[July, 


tector,  but  the 
and  is  thus  the  agent  of  superior  intel- 
ligence. The  province  of  the  angel  is 
bounded  by  legendary  authorities  to 
tbe  protection  of  an  individual  man 
or  family,  or  of  a  church,  although  we 
occasionally  find  one  of  tbem  presiding 
over  the  heavenly  bodies.  Tbe  sun  and 
moon  are  often  represented  in  manu- 
scripts of  tbe  tenth  century  and  earlier 
as  guided  by  angels.  This  is  parti- 
cularly to  be  noticed  in  representations 
of  tbe  Crucifixion,  and  sometimes  the 
star  which  guided  the  wise  men  to 
Bethlehem  is  held  up  by  an  angel.  A 
remarkable  instauce  of  the  latter  is  to 
be  found  on  a  piece  of  old  embroidery, 
forming  part  of  an  antependium,  in  the 
possession  of  Mr.  Bowden.  Above  a 
compartment,  in  which  tbe  subject  of 
the  three  Magi  with  their  ofTering  is 
given,  and  in  which  there  is  a  star  di- 
rectly over  the  holy  child,  is  an  angel 
seated  upon  a  throne  or  seat,  holding 
in  front  by  both  bands  a  duplicate 
figure  of  tbe  same  star. 

The  representation  of  the  angel  can 
be  directly  traced  to  its  origin  in  simi- 


lar figures  of  genii  in  classical  art. 
Wings  as  an  attribute  have  not  always 
been  constant.  They  begin  in  tbe  fittb 
century,  and  instances  of  angels  with- 
out them  are  not  wanting  as  late  as  in 
the  fourteenth  century,  not  to  mention 
examples  by  Rafiaelle,  which  I  do  not 
consider  to  bitlonc  to  our  inquiry,  as  he 
was  ootgovernedoy  convention.  In  the 
esrly  examples  the  angel  somewhat  re- 
minds us  of  the  ancient  herald  in  cos- 
tume, by  the  circumstance  of  carry- 
ing a  wand,  and  this  idea  no  doubt  was 
adopted  in  considering  their  office  of 
messeogers.  In  the  fifteenth  and  six- 
teenth centuries  we  find  angels  as- 
suming the  vestments  of  priests — the 
alb,  amice,  dalmatic,  stole,  Cope,  and 
sometimes,  though  more  rarely,  the 
chasuble — a  fact  no  less  worthy  of 
historical  record  than  of  philosophical 
importance,  as  marking  the  progress 
and  tendencies  of  the  period. 

The  most  channing  representations 
of  angels,  at  all  periods,  are  in  those 
acts  of  joy  which  they  celebrate  with 
instrumental  harmony.  Tbe  simplic! 
of  these  designs,  in  which  iuimater 
beings  are  made  to  play  upon  pipe  and 
tabor,  tbe  gittem,  the  fiddle  or  its  pro- 
totype, the  trumpet,  &c.  loses  none 
(if  Its  charm  on  account  of  its  obvious 
inconsistency.     Not  only  during  the 

lidiUe  ages,  but  in  the  revival,  s    ' 


usual     gusto 
these  subjects.  The 


e  laboured  with  more  than 


illustration  that  i: 
here  given  is  taken  i 
from  a  number  of  i 
graccfu I  sculptu  res 
on  the  columns  of 
Beverley  Minster, 
date  fourteenth 
century,  and  re- 
presents an  angel 
playing  upon  the 
timbrel.  Some  ex- 
cellent examples  of 
arrangement  are  to 
be  seen  on  those 
beautifulbrassesof 
Flemish  design  at 
Lynn  Regis, andln 
that  at  Topclilf 
in  Yorkshire,  and 
North  Mimms, 
Middlesex. 

The  different  oflices  performed  by 
angels,  in  medieval  ar^  are  too   nu- 


1851.]  Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art. 


27 


merous  to  be  mentioned.  They  aid 
in  saving  souls  from  the  claws  of  evil 
spirits,  and  bear  them  in  winding- 
sheets  to  heaven.  For  this  purpose 
thej  are  always  attendant  on  martyr- 
doms and  around  the  death -beds  of 
saints.  Nor  are  they  exempt  from 
feelings  in  communion  with  sorrowing 
or  suffering  humanity.  They  are  often 
represented  weeping ;  and  in  legendary 
history  are  the  instruments  by  which 
the  tormentors  of  the  saints  are  pu- 
nished. To  express  an  idea  of  imma- 
teriality, some  artists  of  the  Renais- 
sance period  have  suppressed  the  lower 
parts  of  the  figure  altogether.  They 
make  the  angelic  bodies  terminate  in 
flowing  drapery.  One  of  the  earb'est 
instances  of  the  adoption  of  this  prac- 
tice is  seen  in  the  works  of  Gmnta 
Pisano,  who  lived  in  the  first  half  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  Pietro  Caval- 
lini  has  also  adopted  the  same  idea, 
and  in  the  works  of  the  school  of 
Ck)logne,  now  in  the  museum  of  that 
city,  are  some  excellent  examples  of 
the  same  kind.  The  utmost  variety 
that  fancy  could  suggest  has  been 
given  to  the  colour  oi  angels  wings. 
The  most  beautiful  are  of  party- 
coloured  plumage,  delicately  tinctured. 
Occasionally,  the  plumage  is  imitated 
from  the  peacock,  or  studded  with  eyes. 
Of  the  latter  kind,  the  antependium  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Bow  den  exhibits 
a  specimen ;  on  it  are  also  angels  on 
horseback  playing  upon  musical  in- 
struments. 

It  has  been  before  stated  that  the 
choirs  of  angels  are  frequently  repre- 
sented without  any  distinguishing 
marks,  or  that  the  most  ordinary  con- 
ventions are  frequently  dispensed  with. 
In  an  engraving  given  by  M.  Didron, 
Iconographie  Chretienne,  p.  246, "  God 
creatine  the  angelic  host,"  the  angels 
are  all  represented  alike,  and  are 
merely  heads  winded.  In  the  Bene- 
dictional  of  St.  Ethelwold,  in  the  sub- 
ject of  the  coming  of  Christ  attended 
by  the  celestial  choir,  although  they 
are  clearly  divided  into  three  divisions 
or  orders,  yet  there  is  no  distinguish- 
ing attribute.     In  another  example,  in 


Queen  Mary's  Psalter,  already  alluded 
to,  is  an  invocation  to  the  heavenly 
host,  running  thus  :  "  Sancte  Michael, 
Sancte  Gabriel,  Sancte  Raphael,  omnes 
sancti  angeli  et  archangeli,  orate  pro 
nobis.  Omnes  sancti  beatorum  spiri- 
tuum  ordinis  orate,  &c.*'  This  pas- 
sage is  illustrated  by  an  illumination 
containing  nine  figures,  disposed  in 
three  rows,  corresponding  to  the  divi- 
sion of  the  angelic  choir ;  but  it  will 
be  quite  evident  from  the  description 
that  no  convention  has  been  strictly 
attended  to.  The  first  two  figures  of 
the  upper  row  consist  of  cherubs  on 
wheels,  according  to  the  ordinary  type, 
each  cherub  having  six  eolden  wings : 
the  third  figure  is  habited  in  a  long 
tunic,  the  right  hand  uplifted,  and  in 
the  left  a  sceptre,  and  having  four 
golden  wings,  two  being  displayed 
above  the  head,  as  in  the  cherubim. 
The  second  or  middle  row,  from  which 
the  figure  of  St.  Michael,  given  at  p. 
24,  was  derived,  has  been  dready  de- 
scribed, with  exception  of  the  third 
figure,  which  represents  a  form  like 
the  cherub  with  golden  wings  standing 
before  a  throne ;  this  is  probably  in- 
tended to  present  us  with  the  order 
of  thrones,  but  it  is  evidently  out  of 
its  place,  as  well  as  the  archangel. 
The  spiritual  beings  in  the  third  and 
last  row  have  all  six  silver  wings,  dis- 
posed as  the  cherubim  and  seraphim ; 
the  first  has  a  lance  in  the  right  hand, 
the  left  being  uplifted ;  the  second  the 
same,  but  in  the  right  a  trumpet ;  the 
last  has  both  hands  raised,  as  is  usual 
with  the  cherub  and  seraph. 

It  is  evident  that,  although  from  the 
passage  above  given  it  would  appear 
that  the  entire  choir  of  angels  was  in- 
tended, yet  so  little  attention  has  been 
paid  to  their  arrangement  and  attri- 
butes, that,  with  one  or  two  excep- 
tions, we  are  unable  to  classify  the 
figures  according  to  their  specific 
orider.  It  is,  nevertheless,  a  very  in- 
teresting example,  and  with  it  I  will 
come  to  a  close  for  the  present.  It 
will  necessarily  happen,  that  in  future 
subjects  the  order  of  angels  will  re- 
ceive further  illustration. 


28 


COMPANIONS  OF  MY  SOLITUDE. 
Companions  of  my  Solitude.     London,  post  8vo.  185L 


AMONG  what  they  designate  "  The 
British  Essayists,"  publishers  and  edi- 
tors, we  believe,  reckon  neither  Bacon 
nor  Cowley.  They  confine  the  title 
of  honour,  somewhat  arbitrarily,  to 
the  writers  of  such  short  papers  of  a 
periodical  kind  as  those  of  which  the 
first  remarkable  example  was  given  in 
the^Tatler,  Spectator,  and  Guardian. 
These  ought  rather  to  be  called  '*  The 
Essayists  of  the  Eighteenth  Century,** 
for  with  that  period  their  lucubrations 
may  be  almost  strictly  affirmed  to  have 
be^n  and  ended.  They  extend  over 
it  m  an  almost  unbroken  series,  and 
form  a  very  distinguishing  and  cha- 
racteristic portion  of  its  literature. 
Their  day,  however,  appears  to  be  now 
completely  gone  by.  Ramblers  and 
Idlers,  Connoisseurs  and  Adventurers, 
Mirrors  and  Loungers,  and  the  rest, 
will  probably  never  asain  be  printed 
in  a  collected  form,  though  the  exist- 
ing editions  may  continue  for  a  time 
to  occupy  our  bookshelves,  lasting  the 
longer  for  being  seldom  or  never  taken 
down  to  be  read.  It  must  be  admitted, 
we  fear,  that  we  are  not  so  simple- 
minded  a  generation  as  our  grand- 
mothers and  great-srandmothers ;  not 
BO  easily  satisfied  with  innocent  plea- 
sures, or  put  ofi*  with  '*  milk  for  babes.** 
How  the  reading  public  of  those  days 
got  on  at  all  with  no  other  current 
literature  than  such  *^  thin  potations  ** 
as  were  then  served  up  at  the  break- 
fast-table, with  the  tea  and  the  toast, 
is  inconceivable. 

The  strong  meat  and  the  strong 
drink,  however,  take  the  more  tena- 
cious hold  on  our  human  appetites. 
The  world  has  got  tired  of  Hawkes- 
worth,  and  even,  with  reverence  be 
it  spoken,  of  the  cold,  formal  mo- 
ralizations  of  Johnson ;  but  it  con- 
tinues to  read,  perhaps  with  more 
eagerness  and  gusto  than  ever,  both 
Bacon  and  Montaigne.  There  will  be 
no  end  for  a  Ions  time  to  come,  we 
may  be  sure,  of  printing  and  reprinting 
both  the  one  and  the  other.  Intellec- 
tually at  least  man  is  by  nature,  and 
we  apprehend  even  beyond  the  power  of 
any  degree  or  kind  of  civilization  to 
change  him,  a  carnivorous  and  flavour- 
loving  animal ;  in  his  reading  he  will 
never  become  either  a  vegetarian  or  a 


teetotaller ;  there,  at  any  rate,  he  will 
always  prefer  wine  to  water,  and  beef 
to  srass. 

£r  ever  a  collection  shall  be  made  of 
our  English  essayists  of  the  highest 
order,  who  have  written,  not  like  those 
of  the  last  century  only  or  chiefly  for 
the  public  of  their  own  day — or  the 
town,  as  their  favourite  expression  was 
— but  for  posterity  as  well  as  for  their 
contemporaries,  or  rather, we  ought  per- 
haps to  say,  more  for  posterity  tnan  for 
their  contemporaries,  it  will  certainly 
include  the  works  of  the  writer  before 
us — the  "Essays  written  during  In- 
tervals of  Business,**  the  two  volumes 
entitled  "  Friends  in  Council,**  and  the 
present  volume,  which  is,  upon  the 
whole,  perhaps  the  crowning  one  of 
the  series.  It  exhibits  all  the  high 
literary  qualities  of  its  predecessors ; 
their  pregnant  and  at  the  same  time 
natural  and  graceful  style ;  their 
thoughtful  wisdom,  enlivened  by  the 
play  of  fancy,  of  wit,  and  of  humour ; 
their  high  and  pure,  yet  kind  and  large- 
hearted,  moral  spirit :  and  it  includes 
some  subjects,  if  not  of  more  general 
interest  than  those  discussed  in  the 
other  volumes,  of  greater  importance, 
and  going  deeper  into  the  philosophy 
both  of  our  nature  and  of  our  social 
condition. 

It  strikes  a  high  and  a  bold  note  at 
once,  taking  up  the  question  of  social 
improvement  in  the  very  first  chapter, 
and  attacking  the  system  of  existing 
evils  on  one  of  its  strongest  points. 
Having  remarked  upon  the  vast  (||uan- 
tity  of  misplaced  labour  occasioned 
by  many  of  our  arrangements,  so  that 
"  half  the  labour  of  the  world  is  pure 
loss — the  work  of  Sisyphus  rolling  up 
stones  to  come  down  again  inevitably  * 
— our  author  proceeds — 

**  Law,  for  example,  what  a  loss  is 
there ;  of  time,  of  heart,  of  love,  of  leisure  1 
There  are  good  men  whose  minds  are  set 
upon  improving  the  law  ;  but  I  doubt 
whether  any  of  them  are  prepared  to  go 
far  enough.  .  .  .  Perhaps,  though,  some 
one  great  genius  will  do  something  for  us. 
I  have  often  fancied  that  a  man  might 
play  the  part  of  Brutus  in  the  law.  He 
might  simulate  madness  in  order  to  en- 
sure freedom.  He  might  make  himself  a 
great  lawyer,  rise  to  eminence  in  the  pro- 


1851.] 


Companions  of  my  SoUtude, 


29 


fession,  and  then  turn  round  and  say,  *  I 
am  not  going  to  enjoj  this  high  seat  and 
dignitj ;  bat  intend  henceforward  to  be 
an  advocate  for  the  people  of  tlus  country 
against  the  myriad  oppressions  and  vexa- 
tions of  the  law.  No  chancellorships  or 
chief-justiceships  for  me.  I  have  only 
pretended  to  be  this  slave  in  order  that 
you  should  not  say  that  I  am  an  untried 
and  unpractical  man — that  I  do  not  un- 
derstand your  mysteries.' 

"  This,  of  course,  is  not  the  dramatic 
way  in  which  such  a  thing  would  be  done. 
But  there  is  greatness  enough  in  the 
world  for  it  to  be  done.  If  no  lawyer  rises 
up  to  fill  the  place  which  my  imagination 
has  assigned  for  him,  we  must  hope  that 
statesmen  will  do  something  for  us  in  this 
matter,  that  they  will  eventually  protect 
us  (though  hitherto  they  never  have  done 
so)  from  lawyers." 

But  this  writer  never  looks  at  only 
one  side  of  his  subject.  After  a  few 
more  paragraphs  he  adds — 

"  At  the  same  time,  we  must  not  forget 
how  many  of  the  evils  attributed  solely  to 
the  proceedings  of  lawyers  result  from 
the  want  of  knowledge  of  business  in  the 
world  in  general,  and  its  inaptness  for 
business,  the  aniiety  to  arrange  more  and 
for  a  longer  time  than  is  wise  or  possible, 
and  the  occasional  trusting  of  affairs  to 
women,  who  in  our  country  are  brought 
up  to  be  utterly  incompetent  to  the  ma- 
nagement of  affairs.  Still,  with  all  these 
allowances,  and  taking  care  to  admit,  as 
we  must  if  we  have  any  fairness,  that,  not- 
vrithstanding  the  element  of  chicanery  and 
perverse  small-mindedness  in  which  they 
are  involved,  there  are  many  admirable 
and  very  high-minded  men  to  be  found  in 
all  grades  of  the  law  (perhaps  a  more 
curious  instance  of  the  power  of  the  human 
being  to  maintain  its  structure  unimpaired 
in  the  midst  of  a  hostile  element  than  that 
a  man  should  be  able  to  abide  in  a  heated 
oven),  admitting  all  these  extenuating  cir- 
cumstances, we  must  nevertheless  declare, 
as  I  set  out  by  saying,  that  law  affords  a 
notable  example  of  loss  of  time,  of  heart, 
of  love,  of  leisure." 

And  then  he  quotes,  as  another  in- 
stance of  misplaced  labour, 

"  A  good  deal  o)f  what  goes  on  in  schools 
and  colleges,  and,  indeed,  in  parliaments 
and  other  assemblages  of  men,  not  to  speak 
of  the  wider  waste  of  means  and  labour 
which  prevails  in  all  physical  works,  such 
as  buildings,  furniture,  decorations — and 
not  merely  waste,  but  obstruction,  so  that, 
if  there  were  a  good  angel  attendant  on 
the  human  race,  with  power  to  act  on 
earth,  it  would  destroy  as  fast  as  made  a 


considerable  portion  of  men's  productions, 
as  the  kindest  thing  which  could  be  done 
for  man  and  the  best  instruction  for  him.** 

All  this  urges,  no  doubt,  in  the 
right  direction.  Economy  is  the  rule 
for  all  sorts  of  arrangements ;  our  en- 
deavours must  ever  be  to  reduce 
waste  everywhere  to  a  minimum.  Yet, 
do  our  best,  there  will  always  be 
much  waste — waste  of  material,  waste 
of  production  —  above  all,  waste  of 
effort,  although  it  mi^ht  seem  that 
that  is  what  we  could  the  least  affbrd. 
But  so  are  we  and  this  system  of 
things  constituted,  that  much  of  our 
most  strenuous  endeavouring  must  be 
vain  and  fruitless;  many  various  at- 
tempts must  generally  be  made  before 
we  hit  upon  the  true  or  the  best  way  of 
doing  any  thing;  and  out  of  some  of  our 
failures  we  do  not  gain  even>  experi- 
ence, or  anything  except  additional 
perplexity  and  discouragement.  In 
some  departments,  too,  what  a  lavish 
prodigality  there  seems  to  be  in  the 
processes  of  nature !  As  if  she  would 
show  how  inexhaustible  is  the  wealth 
of  her  resources,  how  much  she  can 
affbrd  to  throw  away  without  being 
even  the  poorer.  Only  consider  what 
countless  multitudes  of  minds  have 
been  produced  since  the  origin  of  the 
species,  many  of  them  doubtless  en- 
dowed with  capacities  for  high  attain- 
ment and  great  achievement,  which 
yet  have  never  had  the  powers  slum- 
bering within  ^em  applied  to  use,  or 
even  awakened  out  of  their  torpor. 
This,  to  be  sure,  is  no  argument  for 
the  maintenance  of  any  kind  of  ar- 
rangement which  is  palpably  wasteful 
and  destructive;  but  it  may  help  to 
allay  any  undue  impatience  with  wnich 
we  may  be  disposed  to  regard  such 
apparent  waste  as  in  the  meantime  is 
unavoidable. 

In  his  second  chapter  our  author 
adventures  upon  more  perilous  ground, 
and  starts  a  subject,  in  these  days  at 
least)  of  a  more  exciting  nature,  which 
he  continues  to  pursue  m  the  one  that 
follows.  He  makes  his  quiet  approach 
to  it  in  a  paragraph  which  will  be  read 
with  interest  for  its  own  sake,  inde- 
pendently of  what  it  introduces : 

"  When  I  was  at  Milan,  and  saw  the 
glory  of  that  town,  the  Last  Supper  by 
Leonardo  da  Vinci,  I  could  not  help 
thinking,  as  my  way  is,  of  many  things, 
not  perhaps  'Very  closely  connected  with 


30 


Companions  of  my  Solitude, 


[July. 


that  grand  work,  but  which  it  suggested 
to  my  mind.  At  first  you  may  be  disap- 
pointed in  finding  the  figures  so  much 
faded,  but  soon,  with  patient  looking, 
much  comes  into  yiew  :  and,  after  marvel- 
ling at  the  inexpressible  beauty  which  still 
remains,  you  find,  to  your  astonishment, 
that  no  picture,  no  print,  perhaps  no  de- 
scription, h»8  adequately  represented  what 
you  can  still  trace  in  this  work.  Not  only 
has  it  not  been  represented,  but  it  has 
been  utterly  misrepresented.  The  copyist 
thought  he  could  tell  the  story  better  than 
the  .painter,  and  where  the  outlines  are 
dim,  was  not  content  to  leave  them  so, 
but  must  insert  something  of  his  own, 
which  is  clearly  wrong.  This,  I  thought, 
is  the  way  of  most  translations,  and  I 
might  add,  of  most  portrait  painting,  and 
nearly  all  criticism.  And  it  occurred  to 
me  that  the  written  history  of  the  world 
was  very  like  the  prints  of  this  fresco, — 
namely,  a  clear  account,  a  good  deal  of  it 
utterly  wrong,  of  what  at  first  hand  is 
considerably  obliterated,  and  which,  except 
in  minds  of  the  highest  power  of  imagina- 
tion, to  be  a  clear  conception  can  hardly 
be  a  just  one. 

"  And  then,  carrying  my  application 
still  further  to  the  most  important  of  all 
histories,  I  thought  how  the  simple  majesty 
of  the  original  transaction  had  probably 
suffered  a  like  misconception  from  the 
fading  of  the  material  narrative,  and  still 
more  from  the  weak  inventions  of  those 
who  could  not  represent  accurately,  and 
were  impatient  of  any  dimness  (to  their 
eyes)  in  the  divine  original." 

By  *'  the  fading  of  the  material  nar- 
rative" here,  the  wiiler  cannot  be 
supposed  to  intimate  any  suspicion 
that  the  text  of  the  gospels  has  under- 
gone a  partial  obliteration,  similar  to 
what  has  befallen  Leonardo  da  Vinci's 
great  picture,  for  that,  we  believe,  is 
an  hypothesis  which  has  been  proposed 
by  DO  sect  of  theologians  or  school  of 
biblical  critics.  What  he  must  mean 
is  only  that  the  narrative  has  faded  or 
become  dim  to  us  from  our  imperfect 
apprehension  of  the  import  of  a  very 
peculiar  mode  of  expression,  and  still 
more  through  our  inability  to  call  up 
a  full  and  faithful  conception  of  the 
whole  social  condition  and  circum- 
stances of  the  time  to  which  it  relates. 
But  he  goes  on  to  consider  some  points 
that  are  of  the  highest  practical  im- 
portance. Setting  out  with  the  admis- 
sion that  '*  church  questions  seem  to 
reciuire  a  vast  investigation,**  and  being 
evidently  disinclined  to  doflmiatize  on 
such  subjects,  he  intimates  it  to  be  his 


opinion — if  he  can  venture  to  say  that 
he  has  an  opinion — 'Hhat  what  we 
ought  to  seek  for  is  a  church  of  the 
utmost  width  of  doctrine,  and  with  the 
most  beautiful  expression  that  can  be 
devised  for  that  doctrine.**  The  most 
beautiful  expression,  he  explains  him- 
self as  meaning,  "  in  words,  in  deeds, 
in  sculpture,  and  in  sacred  song  ;**  a 
church  ^'  which  should  have  a  simple, 
easy  grandeur  in  its  proceedings  that 
should  please  the  elevated  and  poetical 
mind,  charm  the  poor,  and  yet  not  lie 
open  to  just  cavilling  on  the  part  of 
tnose  somewhat  hard,  intellectual  wor- 
shippers who  must  have  a  reason  for 
everything ;  which  should  have  vitality 
and  growth  in  it ;  and  which  should 
attract,  and  not  repel,  those  who  love 
truth  better  than  any  creature.** 

In  reiterating  this  idea  towards  the 
end  of  his  volume  (p.  235)  of  '^  a 
church  with  a  very  simple  creed,  a 
very  grand  ritual,  and  a  useful  and 
devoted  priesthood,**  he  subjoins,  mis- 
givin^ly,  ^'  But  these  combinations  are 
only  in  Utopias,  Blessed  Islands,  and 
other  fabulous  places  :  no  vessel  enters 
their  ports,  for  they  are  as  yet  only 
in  the  minds  of  thoughtful  men.**  H!e 
admits,  too,  that  to  lay  down  any 
guidance  for  action  in  such  matters  is 
very  difficult  indeed.  He  thinks,  how- 
ever, that,  *^  according  to  the  usual 
course  of  human  affairs,  some  crisis 
will  probably  occur  which  nobody  fore- 
sees, and  then  men  will  be  obliged  to 
speak  and  act  boldly  ;**  and  he  would 
therefore  have  them  bethink  them- 
selves of  whither  they  are  tending  in 
time. 

But  it  is  in  the  third  chapter  that 
the  question  of  what  is  ordinarily 
termed  Puritanism  is  more  vigorously 
^appled  with.  Here,  to  begin  with, 
is  a  very  sharp  attack: — 

**  Once  I  happened  to  overhear  a  dia- 
logue somewhat  similar  to  that  which 
Charles  Lamb,  perhaps,  only  feigned  to 
hear.  I  was  travelling  in  a  railway  car- 
riage with  a  most  precise  •looking  formal 
person,  the  arch- Quaker,  if  there  be  such 
a  person.  His  countenance  was  very  noble, 
or  rather  had  been  so  before  it  was  frozen 
up.  He  said  nothing :  I  felt  a  great  re- 
spect for  him.  At  last  his  mouth  opened. 
I  listened  with  attention  ;  I  had  hitherto 
lived  with  foolish,  gad-abont,  dinner-eat- 
ing, dancing  people  :  liow  I  was  going  to 
hear  the  words  of  retired  wisdom  ;  when 
he  thus  addressed    his    young  daughter 


1851] 


Companions  of  my  Solitude, 


31 


sittiDg  opposite,  '  Hast  thee  heard  how 
Southamptons  went  lately  ? '  (in  those 
dajs  South- Western  Railway  shares  were 
called  Southamptons)  ;  and  she  replied, 
with  like  gravity,  giving  him  some  infor- 
mation that  she  had  picked  up  about 
Southamptons  yesterday  evening. 

*'  I  leant  back  rather  sickened  as  I 
thought  what  was  probably  the  daily  talk 
and  the  daily  thoughts  in  that  family,  from 
which  I  conjectured  all  amusement  was 
banished  save  that  connected  with  intense 
money-getting. 


11 


A  good  Btorj  is  always  welcome; 
but  let  us  a  little  examine  the  struc- 
ture of  general  reasoning  which  our 
author  has  reared  upon  or  connected 
with  his  apologue.  Puritanism,  as 
here  considered,  may  be  fairly  de- 
fined as  being  a  form  of  Christian  be- 
lief which  especially  opposes  itself  to 
two  things; — the  first,  the  admission 
into  the  service  of  Grod  of  anything 
appealing  to  the  imaginative  part  of 
our  nature ;  the  second,  the  indul- 
gence in  gaiety  and  festivity  even  on 
those  occasions  on  which  other  Chris- 
tians hold  such  indulgence  to  be  allow- 
able and  appropriate.  It  does  not 
matter  whether  Puritanism  be  the 
proper  name  for  the  kind  of  Chris- 
tianity in  question ;  it  will  not  be  dis- 
puted that  there  is  such  a  Christianity 
zealously  and  widely  professed,  and 
for  the  present  purpose  that  name  will 
do  for  It  as  well  as  any  other.  But 
those  who  hold  this  belief,  whatever 
they  may  call  themselves,  or  be  con- 
tented that  we  should  call  them,  will 
hardly,  we  apprehend,  be  satisfied  with 
the  representations  or  assumptions  of 
our  author,  in  regard  to  the  reasons 
upon  which  they  ground  their  peculiar 
views  and  tenets.  '^  There  is  a  secret 
belief,**  he  tells  us,  "amongst  some 
men  that  God  is  displeased  with  man*8 
happiness;  and  in  consequence  they 
slins  about  creation,  ashamed  and 
afraid  to  enjoy  anything."  It  may  be 
so ;  but  there  are  many  persons  who, 
on  what  appear  to  them  to  be  Chris- 
tian principles,  object  to  the  worldly 
amusements  and  gaieties  in  which  other 
Christians  see  no  harm,  without  hav- 
ing any  of  the  secret  feeling  here 
spoken  of,  or  at  any  rate  without  pro- 
fessing or  supposing  that  that  is  the 
consideration  which  guides  or  in- 
fluences them.  Afterwards,  indeed, 
our  author  himself  allows  the  advocate 


of  Puritanism  to  rest  his  cause  on 
quite  another  ground.  "Well,  but," 
he  makes  him  exclaim,  "  I  do  not  ad- 
mit that  mv  clients,  on  abjuring  the 
pleasures  of  this  world,  fall  mto  pride, 
or  sullen  sensuality,  or  intense  money- 
getting.  They  only  secure  to  them- 
selves more  time  for  works  of  charity 
and  for  the  love  of  God;"  and  he  admits 
"  that  Puritanism,  as  far  as  it  is  an  ab- 
negation of  self,  is  good,  or  may  be  so." 
But  still  this  is,  we  conceive,  an  im- 
perfect statement  of  the  case. 

The  Puritanic  objection  to  what  are 
called  innocent  pleasures  and  amuse- 
ments assuredly  lies  much  deeper  than 
it  is  here  made  to  do.  The  view  that 
Puritanism  takes  of  Christianity  is, 
that  it  is  something  utterly  opposed  to 
and  condemnatory  of  what  may  be 
called  the  spirit  of  this  world ;  that  is, 
all  the  passions,  tastes,  and  habits  of 
the  unregenerated  or  natural  man.  Our 
author  is  mistaken  in  supposing  (p.  27) 
that  Puritans,  such  as  he  is  dealing 
with,  would  agree  with  him  in  holding, 
without  qualification,  that  the  culti- 
vation of  the  affections  is  an  object  of 
life  that  may  be  legitimately  pursued. 
Tliey  would  only  admit  that  it  may  be 
pursued  in  a  religious  or  sanctified 
spirit.  This  is  their  fundamental  prin- 
ciple, the  indispensable  condition  upon 
which  they  allow  themselves  to  take  an 
interest  in  any  thing.  The  absolute 
necessities  of  existence,  food,  raiment, 
and  shelter,  must,  of  course,  be  pro- 
vided for  by  the  hands  or  by  the  head ; 
but,  whenever  the  heart,  or  the  aesthetic 
part  of  our  nature,  suffers  itself  to  be 
engaged  or  moved,  it  ought  to  be  in  a 
distinctly  and  positively  religious  spirit. 
How  can  a  person  holding  such  a  faith 
as  this  take  part  in  any  of  the  common 
amusements  of  the  world  ?  How  is  it 
possible  to  make  religious  feeling  either 
the  chief  motive,  or  even  any  part  of  the 
motive,  for  going  to  a  ball,  or  to  the 
theatre,  or  to  any  other  place  of  public 
amusement  ?  It  is  not,  however,  that 
the  Puritan  believes  God  to  be  dis- 
pleased with  man*s  happiness.  He 
believes  that  what  you  call  happiness 
— the  sort  of  happiness  in  which  you 
would  have  him  indulge — ^happiness 
having  no  reference  to  religion — is 
forbidden  by  Grod,  because  its  tend- 
ency is  to  mature  and  strengthen  that 
natural  worldliness  which  it  is  the 
main  purpose  of  Christianity  to  sub- 


32 


Companions  of  my  Solitude, 


[July, 


due.  Everything  specially  or  dis- 
tinctively belonging  to  this  world  is 
spoken  of,  if  at  all,  in  the  New  Testa- 
ment, as  he  reads  it,  only  to  be  de- 
dounced  as  that  from  which  he  must 
wean  and  withdraw  himself.  The 
disciple  of  Christianity  is  tauffht  to 
look  upon  this  world  as  a  foreign,  it 
may  be  said  an  enemy's,  country, 
through  which  he  is  only  to  make 
his  pilgrimage  to  another.  A  Pagan 
Horace  may  sing  of  lingering  to  gather 
the  flowers  by  the  wayside,  or  of  hav- 
ing them  gathered  for  him — 

nimium  breves 

Flores  amoeDse  ferre  jube  rosae ; 

but  there  is  nothing  like  that  in  honest 
John  Bunyan.  And,  as  for  painting  and 
fine  music'in  the  worship  of  God,  where 
is  there  any  mention  of  that  either — a 
Puritan  of  this  stamp  will  ask — in  the 
New  Testament  ?  "  Sacred  song  I  " 
What  is  it  that  Cowper  in  one  of  his 
letters  savs  of  the  performance  of  the 
Messiah  m  Westmmster  Abbey  at  the 
first  commemoration  of  Handel  ?  It 
struck  him,  he  declares,  with  as  much 
astonishment  and  horror,  as  if  he  had 
heard  that  the  condemned  prisoners  in 
Newgate  had  got  the  awful  words  of 
the  judge's  sentence  set  to  music,  and 
were  preparing  to  perform  the  piece 
in  concert  on  the  night  before  their 
execution. 

The  subjects  that  fill  the  rest  of 
the  volume  are  mostly  of  a  less  con- 
troversial character.  The  one  which 
is  treated  at  the  greatest  length  re- 
quired no  little  both  of  courage 
and  of  skill  to  venture  upon, — "  the 
great  sin  of  ereat  cities,"  as  it  is 
designated.  This  is  the  part  of  the 
work  that  will  probably  attract  the 
largest  share  of  immediate  attention, 
and  it  contains  many  admirable  things; 
but  no  just  notion  of  the  views  put 
forward  in  it  could  be  given  in  the 
way  of  abridgment  or  summary.  Nor 
would  it  be  possible  to  show  forth  by 
specimen  or  extract  what  is,  to  our 
mind,  the  finest  thing  in  the  book — an 
earlier  chapter  in  which  the  author 
holds  a  conversation  with  a  descendant 
of  his  own — a  man  of  dilapidated  for- 
tune, but  still  owning  the  country- 
house  and  garden  in  which  the  present 
essays  are  supposed  to  have  been  writ- 
ten. The  mmgled  humour,  fancy,  and 
pathos  here  is  exquisite.  Among  the 
other  subjects  are  education,  states- 
4 


manship,  travelling,  &c.  The  happiest 
thoughts  in  the  happiest  words  meet 
us  in  every  page,  never  soliciting  our 
attention  or  obtruding  themselves  upon 
us  by  undue  emphasis  or  meretricious 

glare,  but  only  for  that  sinking  the 
eeper  into  our  hearU  in  their  quiet 
earnestness  and  beauty.  We  can  only 
subjoin  two  or  three  snort  paragraphs, 
taken  almost  without  selection.  A 
rainy  morning  in  the  country  makes 
our  essayist  break  out,  in  some  despe- 
ration, *^  So  varied,  extensive,  and 
pervading  are  human  distresses,  sor- 
rows, short-comings,  miseries,  and  mis- 
adventures, that  a  chapter  of  aid  or 
consolation  never  comes  amiss,  I 
think  ;*'  and  here  is  one  passage  that 
drops  from  his  pen  in  this  mood  : 

**  Perhaps  the  wrongs  we  endure  from 
unjnst  treatment  would  be  easier  to  bear 
if  our  notions  of  justice  were  modified  a 
little.  For  my  part,  instead  of  picturing 
her  sword  in  hand,  apparently  engaged  in 
blindly  weighing  out  small  groceries — a 
figure  that  would  better  denote  the  god- 
dess Fortune,  as  it  seems  to  me — I  ima- 
gine Justice  travelling  swiftly  round  about 
the  earth,  diffusing  a  mild  effluence  of  light 
like  that  of  a  polar  night,  but  followed 
not  by  her  own  attendants,  but  by  the 
ungainly  shadows  of  all  evil  things,  envy 
and  prejudice,  indolence  and  selfishness, 
her  enemies ;  and  these  shadows  lay  them- 
selves down  before  her  in  their  malice, 
and  love  to  intercept  her  light.  The 
aspect  of  a  good  man  scares  them  partially 
away,  and  then  her  light  lies  in  great 
broad  spaces  on  the  mead :  with  most  of 
us  it  is  chequered,  like  the  sunshine  under 
trees ;  and  there  are  poor  creatures  in 
whose  presence  all  the  evil  shadows  de- 
scend, leaTing  but  a  streak  of  light  here 
and  a  spot  there,  where  the  hideous 
shadows  do  not  quite  fit  in  together.  Hap- 
pily, however,  all  these  shadows  are  mortal, 
and,  as  they  die  away,  dark  miserable 
places  come  into  light  and  life  again,  and 
truth  returns  to  them  as  her  abodes  for 
ever." 

To  this  we  may  add  two  paragraphs 
from  the  next  chapter : 

"  The  advantages  of  travel  are  very  va- 
rious and  very  numerous.  I  have  already 
put  the  knowledge  to  be  gained  as  one  of 
them.  But  this  is  for  the  young  and  the 
unworn.  A  far  greater  advantage  is  the 
repose  of  mind  which  travelling  often 
gives,  where  nothing  else  could.  It  seems 
rather  hard,  though,  that  all  our  boasted 
philosophy  cannot  do  what  a  little  change 
of  place  so  easily  effects.     It  is  by  no 


1851.] 


The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn, 


33 


magical  property,  however,  that  travelliog 
does  thu.  It  is  merely  that  by  this 
change  things  assume  their  right  propor- 
tions. The  nightmares  of  care  and  trou- 
ble cease  to  weigh  as  if  they  were  the  only 
things  of  weight  in  the  world.  I  know 
one  who  finds  somewhat  of  the  same  ad- 
Tantage  in  looking  at  the  stars.  He  says, 
it  suggests  a  welcome  change  of  country. 
Indeed,  he  maintains  that  the  aspect  of 
these  glorious  worlds  might  somewhat 
comfort  a  man  even  under  remorse." 

Again : 

"  As  regards  the  enjoyments  of  travel,  I 
should  be  sorry  to  say  anything  pedantic 
about  them.  They  must  vary  so  much 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  individual. 
In  my  view,  they  are  to  be  found  in  the 
chance  delights,  rather  than  in  the  oflBcial 
part,  of  travelling.  I  go  through  a  picture 
gallery,  enjoying  with  instructed  and  well- 
regulated   satisfaction    all    the   things  I. 


ought  to  enjoy.  Down  in  the  recesses  of 
my  mind,  not  communicated  perhaps  to 
any  of  my  companions,  is  a  secret  hope 
that  the  room  I  see  in  the  distance  is 
really  the  last  in  the  building,  and  that  I 
shall  have  to  go  through  no  more.  It  is 
a  warm  day,  and,  stepping  out  on  a  bal-* 
cony  for  a  moment,  I  see  a  young  girl 
carefully  helping  her  infirm  mother  out  of 
church,  and  playfully  insisting  on  carry- 
ing the  market  burdens  of  both,  far  too 
heavy  for  her  little  self.  I  watch  the  pair 
to  the  comer  of  the  street,  and  then  turn 
back  to  see  the  pictures  which  must  be 
seen.  But  the  pictures  will  fade  from  my 
memory  sooner  than  this  little  scene  whicn 
I  saw  from  the  balcony.  I  have  put  that 
by  for  my  private  gallery.  Doubtless  we 
need  not  leave  our  own  country  to  see 
much  that  is  most  beautiful  in  nature  and 
in  conduct ;  but  we  are  often  far  too  much 
engaged,  and  too  unobservant,  to  see  it.' 


t> 


THE    STORY   OF  NELL  GWYN. 

RELATED  BY  PETER  CUNNlNOHAMt 

Chap.  VII. 

Houses  io  which  Nelly  is  said  to  have  lived— Burford  House,  Windsor,  one  of  the  few  genuine— 
Her  losses  at  basset— Court  paid  to  Nelly  by  the  Duke  of  Monmouth,  Lord  Cavendish,  %dc, 
—Death  of  her  mother- Printed  elegy  on  her  death— Nelly's  household  expenses— Bill  for 
her  chair— Death  of  Mrs.  Roberts— Foundation  oi  Chelsea  Hospital— Nelly  connected  with 
its  origin— NelPs  father  was  a  Captain  Thomas  Gwyn— Books  dedicated  to  Nelly— Death  of 
her  second  son— The  Earl  of  Burford  created  Duke  of  St.  Alban's— Nelly's  only  letter— Ken 
and  Nelly  at  Winchester— Nelly  at  Avington— Death  of  the  King— Was  the  King  poisoned  ? 
Nelly  to  have  been  created  Countess  of  Greenwich  if  the  King  had  lived. 


THERE  are  more  houses  pointed 
out  in  which  Nell  Gwyn  is  said  to 
have  lived  than  sites  of  palaces  belong- 
ing to  King  John,  hunting-lodges  be- 
lieved to  have  sheltered  Queen  Eliza- 
beth, or  mansions  and  posting-houses 
in  which  Oliver  Cromwell  resided  or 
put  up.  She  is  said  by  some  to  have 
been  bom  at  Hereford ;  by  others  at 
London ;  and,  since  this  story  was 
commenced,  Oxford  it  is  found  has  a 
fair  claim  to  be  considered  as  her  birth- 
place. But  the  houses  in  which  she 
18  said  to  have  lived  far  exceed  in 
number  the  cities  contending  for  the 
honour  of  her  birth.  She  is  believed 
by  some  to  have  lived  at  Chelsea,  by 
others  at  Bagniggc  Wells ;  Highgate, 
and  Walworth,  and  Filberts,  near 
Windsor,  are  added  to  the  list  of  re- 

Gb5t.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


puted  localities.  A  staring  inscription 
m  the  Strand  in  London  instructs 
the  curious  passenger  that  a  house  at 
the  upper  end  of  a  narrow  court  was 
"  formerly  the  dairy  of  Nell  Gwyn." 
I  have  l>een  willing  to  believe  in  one 
and  all  of  these  conjectural  residences, 
but,  after  long  and  careful  inquiry,  I 
am  obliged  to  reject  them  fdL  Her 
early  life  was  spent  in  Drury  Lane 
and  Lincoln^s-Inn-Fields ;  her  latter 
life  in  Fall  Mall,  and  in  Burford  House 
in  the  town  of  Windsor.  The  rate- 
books of  the  parish  of  St.  Martin's-in- 
the-Fields  record  her  residence  in 
Pall  Mall  from  1670  to  her  death,  and 
the  site  of  her  house  in  Windsor  may 
be  established,  were  other  evidence 
wanting,  by  maps  and  books,  and  con- 
firmed by  the  traditionary   recollec- 


u 


ITu  Story  of  Nell  Gwgh. 


CJtify. 


tions  of  manj  persons  who  are  still 
alive.* 

We  have  seen  from  Gibber  that 
Kellv  was  fond  of  having  concerts  at 
her  bouse,  and  that  she  never  failed  in 
nrffing  the  claims  of  those  who  flayed 
and  sung  to  the  favourable  considera- 
tion of  the  King  and  the  Duke  of 
Tork»  She  had  her  basset-table,  too, 
and  in  one  night  is  said  to  have  lost 
to  the  beautiful  Duchess  of  Mazarine 
as  much  as  1,400  guineas,  or  5,000/. 
at  least  of  our  present  money  .f  Basset, 
long  the  fashionable  game,  was  I  be- 
lieve introduced  into  this  country  from 
France.  Etherege  and  Lady  Mary 
Wortley  have  suns  its  attractions  and 
its  snares,  and  D'Urfey  has  condenmed 
it  in  one  of  the  best  of  his  plays.  Nor 
will  Evelyn's  description  of  the  basset- 
table  which  he  saw  on  a  Sunday  night 
at  Whitehall,  only  a  few  hours  before 
the  King  was  seized  with  his  last  ill- 
ness, be  effaced  from  the  memory  of 
those  to  whom  his  work  is  known. 

Nelly  possessed  creat  interest  with 
the  King,  and  her  house  at  Windsor, 
with  its  staircases  painted  expressly  for 
her  by  the  fashionable  pencil  of  VerriOjJ 
was  the  rendezvous  of  all  who  wished 
to  stand  well  at  court.  The  Duke  of 
Monmouth, — the  handsome  Sydney  of 
De  Grammont's  Memoirs,  afterwards 
Earl  of  Komney — and  the  patriot  Lord 
Cavendish,  afterwards  Duke  of  Devon- 
•hire,  were  among  Nelly's  friends. 
Such  constant  court  was  paid  to  her 
for  political  purposes  by  the  Duke 
of  Monmouth  and  Lord  Cavendish, 
that  Lady  Rachael  Russell  records  the 
King's  command  that  Nelly  should 
refuse  to  see  them.§  Monmouth  was 
endeavouring  to  regain  his  situations, 
of  which  he  had  tocu  properly  de- 
prived by  his  father,  and  Cavendish 
was  urging  the  claims  of  the  Pro- 
testants on  behalf  of  the  famous  Bill 
for  excluding  the  Duke  of  York  from 
the  succession  to  the  crown.  Nelly, 
it  will  be  remembered,  had  already 
identified  herself  with  the  Protestant 
interest,  but  the  regard  with  which 
she  was  treated  by  King  James  is 


ample  evidence  that  she  never  abntied 
her  influence,  in  order  to  prejudice  the 
King  against  his  brother. 

I  nave  already  introduced  the  mother 
of  Nelly  by  name  to  the  reader,  and 
I  have  now  to  record  her  death.  "We 
hear,"  says  the  Domestic  Intelligencer 
of  the  5th  of  August,  1679,  "that 
Madam  Ellen  Gwyn's  mother,  sitting 
lately  by  the  water-side  at  her  house 
by  the  Neat-Houses,  near  Chelsea, 
fell  accidentally  into  the  water  and 
was  drowned."  Oldys  had  seen  a 
quarto  pamphlet  of  the  time  giving  an 
account  of  her  death.  This  I  nave 
never  met  with,  but  among  the  Luttrell 
Collection  of  ballads  and  broadsides 
sold  at  the  Stowe  sale  was  an  elegy 
"  Upon  that  never-to-be-forgotten 
matron  Old  Madam  Gwinn,  who  dlied 
in  her  owi^  fishpond,  29  July,  1679." 
The  verse  is  of  the  lowest  possible 
character  of  Grub  Street  elegy,  nor 
could  I,  after  a  careful  perusal,  glean 
from  it  any  biographical  matter  other 
than  that  she  was  very  fat  and  was 
fond  of  brand;^.  That  the  old  lady 
resided  at  one  time  with  her  daughter 
and  in  her  house  in  Pall  Mall,  may, 
I  think,  be  inferred  from  some  curious 
bills  for  debts  incurred  by  Nelly,  acci- 
dentally discovered  by  Mr.  Cole  among 
the  mutilated  Exchequer  papers,  an 
apothecary's  bill  containing  charges  for 
cordial  juleps  with  pearb  for  Master 
Charles,  and  plasters,  glysters,  cordials, 
and  "  plasters  as  before,"  all  of  which 
are  described  as  for  "  old  Mrs.  Gwyn." 

From  these  bills,  with  copies  of 
which  I  have  been  kindly  furnished  by 
Mr.  Cole,  some  extracts  may  be  made 
that  will  interest  the  reader.  The  bills 
are  of  a  very  miscellaneous  nature — a 
chance  saving  of  some  twenty  papers 
ftom  a  bundle  of  household  and  other 
expenses  of  the  year  1675.  They  in- 
clude charges  for  dress,  furniture,  and 
table  expenses ;  for  white  satin  petti- 
coats, and  white  satin  nightgowns ;  fbr 
kilderkins  of  strong  ale,  ordinary  ale, 
and  "  a  barrel  of  eights ;"  for  almS  to 
poor  men ;  oats  and  beans ;  "  for  a  fine 
landskip  fan ;"  for  scarlet  satin  shoe^ 


*  **  The  Prince  of  Wales  is  lodged  [at  Windsor]  in  the  Princess  of  Denmark's 
house,  which  was  Mrs.  Ellen  Gwyn's.''    Letter  Aug,  14,  1688,  Elite  Corretp.  it.  118. 

f  Luqas's  Lives  of  Gamesters,  12mo.  1714. 

X  Accounts  of  the  Paymaster  of  His  Majesty's  Works  and  Buildings,  preserved  in  the 
Audit  Office. 

I  Lady  Sunderland  to  Henry  Sidney,  16  Dec.  1679.  (Romney's  Diary,  &c.  i.  207.) 


i851.] 


By  Pteter  Cunningham*     Chapter  VIL 


35 


ooyere4  with  silver  lace,  and  a  pair  of 
satin  shoes  laced  over  with  gold  for 
'  M(i8ter  Charles,*  her  son.  One  bill 
alone  has  escaped  entire — the  bill  for 
a  sedao  chair,  running  as  follows : — 

Jane  17,  1675. 

the  body  of  the  chaire  .  t)3  10  OQ 

tbe  "best  peats  leather  to  cover 

the  outside  .  .  03  10  00 

600  inside  nailes,  coulered  and 

barnishd  .  00  11  00 

€00  guilt  with  water  gold  a^ 
5«.  per  cent.        .  .  01  10  00 

1^00  outside  nailes,  the  same 
frol4,  at  8«.  per  cent     .        .  04  16  00 

300  studds,  the  same  gold        .  01  16  pO 

iOOO  halfe  roofe  nailes,  the  same 
gold    .  ..  01  14  00 

300  toppit  nailes,  same  gold     .  03  14  00 

5  sppggs  for  the  top,  rich  guilt  04  00  00 

ahatipe  for  the  doore,rich  guilt  01  10  00 

ffbr  change  of  4  glasses    .         .  03  00  06 

2  pound  5«.  for  one  new  glasse, 
to  be  abated  out  of  that  ffor 
a  broken  glasse  15«.     .        .  01   10  00 

for  guilding  windows  and  irons  Pl  05  00 

S^rge  ffor  the  bottom      .        .  00  02  00 

oanuisse  to  put  vnder  the  lea- 

"ther 00  08  00 

fU  sorts  of  iron  pailes      .        .  00  05  00 

Workmanshipe,  the  chaire  in- 
side and  outside  .  .  02  10  00 


34  11  00 


R«ict.  dated  13  July,  1675, 
for  «  30£  in  full  discharge." 

Such  then  was  the  chair  in  which 
Nelly  was  carried  to  the  court  and  the 
two  theatres,  on  which  many  an  ap- 
prentice has  gazed  with  interest  and 
admiration,  from  which  Dryden  has 
received  a  look  of  friendly  recognition, 
and  to  which  its  owner  has  been  led 
by  the  proud  Sir  Peter  Lely. 

In  the  autumn  of  1679  died  Mrs. 
Roberts,  the  daughter  of  a  clergyman, 
who  had  lived  with  the  King,  though  she 
is  not  known  to  have  had  any  children 
by  him.t  She  had  sent  for  Burnet 
when  dying,  and  expressed  her  sense 
of  sorrow  ror  her  past  life  in  so  sincere 
a  manner,  that  he  desired  her  to  de- 
scribe her  contrition  in  a  letter  to  the 
King.  At  her  request  Burnet  drew 
the  drafl  of  such  a  letter,  but  she 


never  had  strength  enough  to  copy  it 
out.  Burnet  on  this  wrote  in  his  own 
name  to  the  King,  and  sent  a  strong 
letter  of  remonstrance  through  Wiu 
Chiffinch,  the  keeper  of  the  backstairs. 
Seldom,  indeed,  has  a  sovereign  beeii 
addressed  so  boldly  as  by  Burnet  in 
this  letter .f  The  King  read  it  twice 
over,  and  then  threw  it  m  the  fire  \  ejj:- 
pressing  himself  not  long  after  with 
great  sharpness  when  Buraet*s  pame 
was  mentioned  to  him. 

Charles  however  had  his  own  way, 
in  this  life  at  least,  of  atoning  for  hi^ 
misdeeds,  and  to  one  of  his  best  actionf 
he  is  said  to  have  been  instigated  by 
no  less  a  person  than  Nell  Gwyn. 

This  was  the  erection  of  a  Royal 
Hospital  at  Chelsea  for  aged  and  dis- 
abled soldiers,  the  first  stone  of  which 
was  laid  by  the  King  himself  in  th^ 
spring  of  1682.  The  idea,  it  is  said, 
originated  with  Nelly,  and  I  see  no 
reason  to  doubt  the  tradition,  sup- 
ported as  it  is  by  the  known  benevo? 
lence  of  her  character,  her  sympathy 
with  the  sufiering,  and  the  fact  that 
sixty  years  ago  at  least  Nelly*s  shar^ 
in  its  foundation  was  recorded  beneath 
her  portrait  serving  as  the  sign  of  a 

Sublic  house  adjoining  the  Hospital.} 
'he  si^  remains,  but  not  the  inscrip- 
tion. 1  et  the  tradition  is  still  rife  m 
Chelsea,  and  is  not  soon  likely  to  die 
out.  Ormonds,  and  Granbys,  and  Ad- 
miral Vemons  disappear,  but  Nelly 
remains,  and  long  may  she  swing  with 
her  favourite  lamb  in  the  row  or  street 
commemorated  for  ever  in  the  Chelsea 
Pensioners  of  Wilkiel 

There  were  thousands  alive  when 
the  Hospital  was  first  thought  of,  who 
carried  about  them  marks  of  service 
in  the  recent  struggle  which  distracted 
the  three  kingdoms,  in  a  way  in  which, 
let  us  hope,  they  will  never  again  be 
made  to  suffer.  There  were  old  men 
who  had  fought  at  Edge  Hill  and 
Marston  Moor,  and  vounger  ones  who 
could  show  that  they  had  bled  at 
Naseby  or  at  Worcester.  The  Resto* 
ration  had  witnessed  the  establishment 
of  a  standing  army,  and  manv  of  th# 
veterans  who  were  still  filling  the  ranks 


Lady  Rachael  Russell  to  her  husband,  3  April,  1680.  (Miss  Berry's  Lady  Rachaeli 
p.  210,  pp.  215,  367.) 

*  t^nless,  indeed,  the  *'  Carola  Roberts,''  of  the  Secret  Service  Expenses  of  Charl^ 
IL  is  the  daughter  of  this  Mrs.  Roberts  by  the  King. 

t  Burnet,  i.  457,  ii.  287,  and  yi.  257,  ed.  1823  ;  also  Calamy's  Life,  ii.  83. 

X  Lysons's  Environs  of  London,  voL  ii.  p.  155. 


2G 


The  Stoi^  of  Nell  Gwyn. 


[July, 


of  the  Coldstream  Guards  and  the 
Oxford  Blues  were  becoming  unfit  for 
active  service,  and  younger  men  were 
required  to  fill  their  {uaces.  What 
was  to  become  of  the  veterans  when 
their  pay  was  gone  ?  Their  trade  had 
been  war,  and  their  pay  never  sufii- 
cient  for  more  than  their  immediate 
wants.  But  for  Chelsea  Hospital  they 
might  have  starved  on  the  casual 
bounty  of  the  people  and  the  chance 
assistance  of  their  younger  comrades. 

There  is  another  and  a  stronger 
reason  than  any  hitherto  advanced  for 
the  part  which  Nelly  evinced  in  the 
erection  of  Chelsea  Hospital.  Since  1 
undertook  to  write  her  life,  such  has 
been  the  revived  interest  in  her  name, 
that  I  have  been  kindly  supplied  with 
many  curious  illustrations,  some  of 
consequence,  relating  to  her  afler-life, 
and  therefore  to  be  told  hereafter,  and 
with  one  circumstance  of  moment 
which  I  should  have  been  elad  to  have 
known  earlier.  The  reader  will  re- 
collect that  I  was  unable  to  supply 
either  the  Christian  name  or  calling  of 
the  father  of  Nelly.  These,  by  the 
kindness  of  two  distin^ished  anti- 
quaries, Mr.  David  Lamg  of  Edin- 
DUTffh,  and  the  late  Charles  Kirk- 
patrick  Sharpe,  I  have  since  ascer- 
tained. Her  father  was  **  Thomas 
Gwyn,  a  captain,  of  an  ancient  family 
in  Wales,"*  so  that  Nelly  herself  was 
a  soldier's  daughter.  Her  father  must 
have  died  when  she  was  very  young ; 
perhaps  before  her  birth.  Her  early 
privations  were  those  therefore  inci- 
dent to  a  soldier's  life.  Had  the  cap- 
tain lived,  we  should  probably  hare 
never  heard  of  Nell  Gwyn. 

In  an  age  when  new  books  were 
numerous — and  few  appeared  without 
a  dedication — it  is  natural  to  infer  that 
Nelly  would  not  escape.  Three  dedi- 
cations are  known  to  her.  One  in 
1674,  by  Duffet,  before  his  play  of 
**  The  Spanish  Rogue ;"  &  second  in 
1678  by  Whitcomb,  before  a  rare  little 
volume  called  *^  Janua  Divorum :  or 
the  Lives  and  Histories  of  the  Heathen 
Gods  :**  and  a  third  in  1679,  by  Mrs. 
Behn,  before  her  play  of  *^The  feigned 
Ck>urtezans.*'  All  are  adulatory.  Yvhit- 
comb  inacribes  his  book,  ^  To  the  il- 
lustrious Madam  Ellen  Gwin;''  but 
Aphra  Behn,  the  Astrea  of  the  stage. 


is  still  stronger ;  "  Your  permission 
has  enlightened  me,  and  I  with  shame 
look  back  on  my  past  ignorance  which 
suffered  me  not  to  pay  an  adoration 
long  since  where  there  was  so  very 
much  due ;  yet  even  now,  though  se- 
cure in  my  opinion,  I  make  this  sacri- 
fice with  infinite  fear  and  trembling, 
well  knowing  that  so  excellent  and 
perfect  a  creature  as  yourself  differs 
only  from  the  divine  powers  in  this — 
the  offerings  made  to  you  ought  to  be 
worthy  of  you,  whilst  they  accept  the 
will  alone.  Well  might  Johnson  ob- 
serve, that  in  the  meanness  and  ser- 
vility of  hyperbolical  adulation,  Dryden 
had  never  been  equalled,  except  by 
Aphra  Behn  in  an  address  to  Eleanor 
Gwin.  But  the  arrow  of  adulation  is 
not  yet  drawn  to  the  head,  and  Mrs. 
Behn  goes  on  to  say,  ^*  Besides  all  the 
charms,  and  attractions,  and  powers 
of  your  sex,  you  have  beauties  pecu- 
liar to  yourself — an  eternal  sweetness, 
youth,  and  air  which  never  dwelt  in 
any  face  but  yours.  You  never  ap- 
pear but  you  glad  the  hearts  of  all  that 
nave  the  happy  fortune  to  see  you,  as 
if  you  were  made  on  purpose  to  put 
the  whole  world  into  good  humour." 
This  however  is  not  all,  for  the  strain 
turns  to  her  children,  and  her  own 
humility,  and  is  therefore  nearer  the 
truth.  "  Heaven  has  bestowed  on  you," 
adds  Aphra,  ^Uwo  noble  branches, 
whom  you  have  permitted  to  wear 
those  glorious  titles  which  you  your- 
self generously  neglected."  Two  noble 
branches  indeed  they  were,  if  the  graver 
of  Blooteling,  who  wrought  while  Nelly 
was  alive,  nas  not  done  more  than 
justice  to  their  looks. 

Troubles  were  now  surrounding 
Nelly.  At  Paris,  in  September,  1680, 
died  James  Lord  Beauclerk,  her  se- 
cond and  youngest  sou.  In  the  sum* 
mer  of  the  succeeding  year.  Lacy,  the 
actor,  was  buried  in  St.  Martin*s-in- 
the-Fields,  whither  she  herself  was 
soon  to  follow  him.  In  1683  died 
Charles  Hart,  her  old  admirer ;  and  in 
the  following  year  died  Major  Mohun. 
A  garter  and  other  honours  awaited 
the  son  of  her  old  rival,  the  Duchess 
of  Portsmouth.  Yet  she  was  still 
cheerful,  and  sought  still  more  assi- 
duously for  other  honours  for  her  only 
child.    Nor  was  the  King  unwilling  to 


•  See  note  on  p.  39  for  my  authority  for  this  statement. 


1851.] 


By  Peter  Cunningham,     Chapter*  VII. 


37 


hearken  to  the  entreaties  of  Nelly  in 
her  boy's  behalf.  On  the  10th  of  Ja- 
nuary, 1683-4,  eight  days  after  the 
death  of  old  Henry  Jermyn,  Earl  of 
St.  Alban's,  the  boy  Earl  of  Burford 
was  created  Duke  of  St.  Alban*s  and 
appointed  to  the  then  lucrative  offices 
of  Registrar  of  the  High  Court  of 
Chancery  and  Master  Falconer  of  Eng- 
land, with  remainder  to  his  heirs,  by 
whom  the  title  and  the  office  of  Master 
Falconer  are  still  enjoyed. 

It  is  to  this  period  of  Nelly's  life 
that  a  letter  relates,  the  only  letter  of 
her  composition  that  is  known  to  exist. 
It  is  written  on  a  sheet  of  ve^  thin 
gilt-edged  paper,  and  in  a  neat,  Italian 
hand,  and  thus  addressed  : — 

*'  These  for  Madam  Jennings  over- 
against  the  Tub  Tavern  in  Jermin 
Street,  London. 

*'  Windsor,  Burford  House, 
**  Jpril  14,  1684. 
**  Madam. — I  have  received  y'  Letter, 
and  I  desire  y"  would  speake  to  my  Ladie 
Williams  to  send  me  the  Gold  Stuffe,  &  a 
Note  with  it,  because  I  must  sign  it,  then 
she  shall  have  her  Money  y'  next  Day  of 
Mr.  Trant ;  pray  tell  her  Ladieship,  that 
I  will  send  her  a  Note  of  what  Quantity 
of  Things  Tie  have  bought,  if  herLadie- 
ship  will  put  herselfe  to  y*^  Trouble  to  buy 
them  ;  when  they  are  bought  I  will  sign  a 
Note  for  her  to  be  payd.  Pray  Madam, 
let  y"  Man  goe  on  with  my  Sedan,  and 
send  Potvin  and  Mr.  Coker  down  to  me, 
for  I  want  them  both.  The  Bill  is  very 
dear  to  boyle  the  Plate,  but  necessity  hath 
noe  Law.  I  am  afraid  M™.  you  have  for- 
gott  my  Mantle,  which  you  were  to  line 
with  Musk  Colour  Sattin,  and  all  my 
other  Things,  for  you  send  me  noe  Patterns 
nor  Answer.  Monsieur  Lainey  is  going 
away.  Pray  send  me  word  about  your 
son  Griffin,  for  his  Majestic  is  mighty  well 
pleased  that  he  will  goe  along  with  my 
Lord  Duke.  I  am  afraid  you  are  so  much 
taken  up  with  your  owne  House,  that  you 
forgett  my  Business.  My  service  to  dear 
Lord  Kildare,  and  tell  him  I  love  him  with 
all  my  heart.  Pray  M*".  see  that  Potvin 
brings  now  all  my  Things  with  him  :  My 
Lord  Duke's  bed,  &c.  if  he  hath  not  made 
them  all  up,  he  may  doe  that  here,  for  if 
I  doe  not  get  my  Things  out  of  his  Hands 
now,  I  shall  not  have  them  until  this  time 
twelvemonth.  The  Duke  brought  me 
down  with  him  my  Crochet  of  Diamonds ; 


and  I  love  it  the  better  because  he  brought 
it.  Mr.  Lumley  and  everie  body  else  will 
tell  you  that  it  is  the  finest  Thing  that 
ever  was  seen.  Good  M".  speake  to  Mr. 
Beaver  to  come  down  too,  that  I  may  be- 
speake  a  Ring  for  the  Duke  of  Grafton 
before  he  goes  into  France. 

**  I  have  continued  extreme  ill  ever  since 
you  left  me,  and  I  am  soe  still.  I  have 
sent  to  London  for  a  Dr.  I  believe  I  shall 
die.  My  service  to  the  Dutchess  of  Nor- 
folk and  tell  her,  I  am  as  sick  as  her 
Grace,  but  do  not  know  what  I  ayle,  al- 
though shee  does 

''  Pray  tell  my  Ladie  Williams  that  the 
King^s  Mistresses  are  accounted  ill  pay- 
masters, but  shee  shall  have  her  Money 
the  next  Day  after  I  have  the  stuffe. 

**  Here  is  a  sad  slaughter  at  Windsor, 
the  young  mens  taking  y'  Leaves  and 
going  to  France,  and,  although  they  are 
none  of  my  Lovers,  yet  I  am  loath  to  part 
with  the  men.  Mrs.  Jennings  I  love  you 
with  all  my  Heart  and  soe  good  bye. 

"  E.  G.'» 
*'  Let  me  have  an  Answer  to  this  Letter.** 

This  highly  characteristic  letter  was 
found  by  Cole,  and  transmitted  to 
Walpole,  who  has  expressed  the  delight 
he  felt  at  its  perusal.  Who  Madam 
Jennings  was  I  am  not  aware;  nor 
have  I  succeeded  in  discoyering  any- 
thing of  moment  about  Lady  Wil- 
liams. Potvin  was  an  upholsterer.* 
The  Duchess  of  Norfolk  was  the 
daughter  and  sole  heir  of  Henry  Mor- 
daunt  Earl  of  Peterborough,  and 
Nelly  would  appear  to  have  been  on 
intimate  terms  with  her.  When  her 
divorce  from  the  Duke  was  before  a 
court  of  law,  Nelly's  evidence,  imper- 
fectly as  it  has  reached  us,  was  very 
characteristic  of  her  mode  of  reply 
even  to  an  ordinary  question.  The 
father  of  Secretary  Craggs  was  foot- 
man to  this  gallant  Duchess. 

When  the  Rye  House    Plot  had 

fiven  to  Charles  a  great  distaste  for 
Tewmarket  and  Audley  End,  he  de- 
termined on  building  a  palace  at  Win- 
chester, and  Wren  was  required  to 
design  a  structure  worthy  of  the  site 
and  the  monarch  for  whom  it  was  in- 
tended. The  works  were  commenced 
in  earnest,  and  Charles  was  oflen  at 
Winchester  watching  the  progress  of 
the  building,  and  enjoying  the  sports 


*  See  Privy  Purse  Expenses  of  the  reigns  of  Charles  II.  and  James  H.  printed  by 
the  Camden  Society,  p.  186.  "  Tho.  Otway  "  and  "  Jhon  Poietevin*'  are  witnesses 
to  a  powor  of  attorney  of  Nelly's,  now  in  Mr.  Cole's  possession. 


38 


The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn. 


[July, 


of  the  chase  in  the  New  Forest  or  the 
relaxation  of  fishing  in  the  waters  of 
the  {tchin.  Nelly  accompanied  him 
to  Winchester,  and  on  one  occasion 
the  pious  and  learned  Ken,  then  a  pre- 
bendary of  Winchester,  was  required 
to  surrender  his  prebendal  house  as 
a  lodging  for  Nelly.  Ken  properly 
refused  to  surrender  his  house  to  the 
mistress  of  his  Sovereign.  Nor  was 
Charles  displeased  with  the  firmness 
displayed  by  this  good  and  great  man. 
It  was  characteristic  of  Charles  II.  to 
love  in  others  the  goodness  which  he 
hi  mselfwas  unable  to  practise.  He  knew 
that  Ken  was  right ;  appreciated  his 
motives;  and  one  of  his  last  acts  was  to 
make  the  very  person  by  whom  he  was 
thus  so  properly  admonished  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells,  the  see  from  whicn 
he  chose  to  be  conscientiously  deprived, 
as  Sancrofl  from  Canterbury,  rather 
than  forget  the  oath  he  had  taken  of 
fealty  to  a  former  Sovereign. 

Unable  to  obtain  admission  to  the 
prebendal  dwelling  of  the  pious  Ken, 
Nelly  was  lodged  at  Avington,  the 
seat  of  the  Countess  of  Shrewsbury, 
80  notorious  for  the  part  she  took  m 
the  duel  in  which  her  husband  was 
slain  by  the  Duke  of  Buckingham. 
Avington  lies  about  three  miles  to  the 
north-east  of  AVinchester,  and  before 
the  death  of  the  last  Duke  of  Chandos 
Nelly's  dressing-room  at  Avington 
was  still  shewn.*  Another  attraction 
of  the  same  house  was  a  fine  character- 
istic portrait  by  Lely  of  the  Countess 
of  Shrewsbury  as  Minerva,  recently 
sold  at  the  sale  at  Stowe,  whither  it  had 
been  removed  from  Avington  with  the 
rest  of  the  Chandos  property. 

Ken's  refusal  occurred  probably 
during  the  last  visit  which  Nelly  was 
to  make  to  Winchester.  The  follow- 
ing winter  was  spent  by  the  court  at 
Whitehall,  amid  gaieties  common  to 
that  festive  season;  and  what  these 
gaieties  were  like  we  may  learn  from 
the  picture  of  a  Sunday  preserved  by 
Evelyn.  "  I  can  never  forget,"  says 
the  high-minded  author  of  Sylva, "  the 
inexpressible  luxury  and  profaneness, 
gammg,  and  all  dissoluteness,  and,  as 
it  were,  a  total  forgetful uess  of  God 
(it  being  Sunday  evening),  which  this 


day  se'nnight  I  was  witness  of;  th^ 
King  sitting  and  toying  with  his  con- 
cubines, Portsmouth,  Cleveland,  Ma- 
zarine, ^c.  a  French  boy  singing  love 
songs  in  that  glorious  gallery,  whilst 
about  twenty  of  the  great  courtiers 
and  other  dissolute  persons  were  at 
basset  round  a  large  table,  a  bank  of 
at  least  2,000/.  in  gol4  before  them ; 
upon  which  two  gentlemen  who  were 
with  me  made  strange  reflections. 
Six  days  afler  all  was  in  the  dust.**f 
The  fatal  termination  of  this  Sunday 
scene  was  even  more  sudden  than 
Evelyn  has  described.  The  revels 
extended  over  Sunday  night  until  the 
next  morning.  At  eight  of  that  same 
morning  the  King  swooned  away  in 
his  chair,  and  lay  for  nearly  two  hours 
in  a  state  of  apoplexy,  all  his  phy- 
sicians despairing  of  his  recovery.  He 
rallied  for  a  time,  regained  possession 
of  his  intellects,  and  died,  on  the  fol- 
lowing Friday,  sensible  of  his  sins,  and 
seeking  forgiveness  both  of  God  and 
man.  His  end  was  that  of  a  man, 
never  repining  that  it  was  so  sudden ; 
and  his  good-nature  was  exhibited  on 
his  death-bed  in  a  thousand  particu- 
lars. He  sought  pardon  from  his  queen, 
forgiveness  from  his  brother,  and  the 
excuses  of  those  who  stood  watching . 
about  his  bed.  What  his  last  words 
were,  is  I  believe  unknown ;  but  his 
dying  requests  made  to  the  Duke  his 
brother  concluded  with  "  Let  not  poor 
Nelly  starve;" J  a  recommendation, 
says  Fox,  in  his  famous  introductory 
chapter,  that  is  much  to  his  honour. 

That  Charles  11.  was  poisoned  was 
the  belief  of  (nany  at  the  time.  It  had 
been  common  previously  to  attribute 
the  sudden  death  of  any  great  person 
to  poison,  and  the  rumour  on  tnis  oc- 
casion it  is  thought  should  form  no  ex- 
ception to  the  rule  of  vulgar  delusions. 
Yet  in  Charles's  case  the  suspicions  are 
not  without  support  from  competent 
authorities.  "  I  am  obliged  to  observe," 
says  Sheflield,  Duke  of  Buckingham, 
'*  that  the  most  knowing  and  the  most 
deserving  of  all  his  physicians  did  not 
only  believe  him  poisoned,  but  thought 
himself  so  too,  not  long  after,  for  hav- 
ing declared  his  opinion  a  little  too 
boldly ."§    Bishop  Patrick  strengthens 


*  Forster's  Stowe  Catalogue,  p.  179.  f  Evelyn,  4  Feb.  1684-5. 

X  Burnet,  ii.  460,  ed.  1823.     Evelyn,  4  Feb.  1684-5. 
%  Bttckingham's  Worka,  ii.  8S.  8fo.  1729. 


1651.] 


Sussex  Airch^ohgy, 


d§ 


flii  sappodtioil,  fi'om  the  testinionj  of 
8ir  i^homas  MelliDgton,  who  sat  with 
the  Kinff  for  three  da;jrs  and  never 
went  to  bed  in  three  nights.*  Lord 
Chesterfield,  who  lived  among  many 
Ivho  were  likely  to  be  well  inibrined,  land 
19M  himself  the  grandson  of  the  Earl 
oi  Chesterfield  wno  was  with  Charles 
ftt  his  deiith,  states  positively  that  the 
King  was  poisoned.t  The  Duchess  of 
t^ortsmoath,  when  in  England,  in  1699, 
ik  said  to  have  told  Lord  Chancellor 
Cowper  that  Charles  II.  was  poisoned 
lit  her  house  by  one  of  her  footmen  in 
k  dish  of  chocolate,  {  and  Fox  had 


heard  a  somewhat  similar  report  ftoiii 
the  family  of  his  mothei*,  who  wili 
great-grand-daughter  to  the  Duchess.f 
The  supposed  parallel  cases  of  the 
deaths  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales  and 
King  James  I.  are  supported  by  no 
testimony  so  strong  as  that  advanced 
in  the  case  of  King  Charles  II. 

Had  the  King  lived,  Nelly  was  to 
have  had  a  peerage  for  herself,  and 
the  title  chosen  was  that  of  Counteld 
of  Greenwich.  I  This  of  course  sh§ 
did  not  now  care  to  obtain,  and  het 
own  end  was  also  near. 


SUSSEX  ARCHEOLOGY. 


^liksex  Archaeological  CollectioTis,  illastrating   the  History  and  Antiquities  of  the 
County.     Published  by  the  Sussex  Archeeological  Society.  Volume  III.  8vo. 


AMONG  the  various  provincial  so- 
cieties which  now  contribute  their 
periodical  quota  to  our  stores  of  ar-: 
chseological  learning  none  has  pursued 
ltd  way  to  better  purpose  than  the 
Sussex  Archaeological  Society.  A 
large  majority  of  its  papers  are  sub- 
stantial accessions  to  the  history  of 
the  county.  We  can  only  attribute 
this  successful  result  to  good  direction 
and  distribution  of  labour;  to  the  pro- 
posal of  definite  objects,  and  to  their 
determined  and  earnest  pursuit.  The 
mere  dilettante  may  trifle  for  ever.  It 
is  true  that  archaeology  requires  mi- 
nute and  often  tedious  mquiries,  which 
must  not  be  discouraged,  as  they 
form  the  materials  of  the  most  trust- 
worthy edifice ;  but  it  is  also  true  that 
the  pursuit  admits  of  the  utmost  dis- 
cursiveness in  its  objects  of  atten- 
tion, and  it  is  the  excess  of  this  liberty 
which  requires  to  be  checked  and  con- 
troUed,  in  order  that  societies  may  pro- 


duce something  better  than  a  farragp 
of  the  most  heterogeneous  and  unequal 
qualities.  It  is  evident  that  the  Sussex 
Archaeological  Society  is  a  corps  which 
has  been  drilled  into  very  efiicient 
working  order  by  its  excellent  secre- 
tary, Mr,  Blaauw,  who  is  himself  one 
of  the  most  painstaking  and  indus- 
trious of  the  body  he  so  judiciously 
directs. 

The  present  volume  contains  several 
papers  of  considerable  historical  value. 
One  of  these  is  a  series  of  letters  ad^ 
dressed  to  Kalph  de  Neville,  bishop  of 
Chichester,  in  the  reign  of  King  Henry 
III.  selected  by  Mr.  Blaauw,  from  the 
originals  preserved  in  the  Tower  of 
London.  Though  Neville  was  chan- 
cellor during  part  of  the  time  when 
they  were  written,  they  reveal  no  po- 
litical secrets ;  but  they  develope  many 
interesting  particulars  of  the  agricul- 
ture and  condition  of  Sussex  m  ths 
thirteenth  century,  and  include  some 


♦  Bishop  Patrick's  Autobiography,  p.  101.  \  Letters  to  his  Son. 

t  JDcan  Cowper  in  Spence's  Anecdotes,  ed.  Singer,  p.  367.  §  Fox,  p.  67. 

11  This  I  give  on  the  authority  of  the  curious  passage  in  a  MS.  book  by  Van  Bosseii; 
kindly  placed  at  my  disposal  by  Mr.  David  Laing.  The  whole  passage  is  as  follows  : — 

**  Charles  the  2d.  naturall  sone  of  King  Charles  the  2d.  borne  of  Hellenor  or 
Nelguine,  dawghter  to  Thomas  Guine,  a  capitane  of  ane  antient  familie  in  Wales,  who 
showld  bein  advanced  to  be  Countes  of  Greeniez,  bat  hindered  by  the  king's  death| 
and  she  lived  not  long  after  his  Ma^'^.  Item,  he  was  advanced  to  the  title  of  Duk6 
Stablane  and  Earle  of  Berward.  He  is  not  married."  (•*  The  Royall  Cedar,"  b^ 
Frederick  Van  Bossen.  MS.  folio.  1688.  p.  129.) 

One  of  the  last  acts  of  the  antiquarian  life  of  that  curious  inquirer  Mr.  Charles 
Kirkpatrick  Sharpe  was  to  note  down  some  valuable  memoranda  for  this  story  of  Nell 
Gwyn.  Among  other  things,  Mr.  Sharpe  directed  Mr.  Laing's  attention  to  the  curious 
entry  ik  the  yolume  by  Van  Bossen,  still  in  Mr.  Laing's  possession. 


40 


Sussea:  ArchcBology. 


[July, 


of  the  earliest  familiar  details  extant 
relating  to  the  management  of  a  landed 
estate.  A  few  allusions,  however,  to 
public  events  are  interspersed :  among 
these  is  the  following  account  of  the 
execution  of  Sir  Wilham  de  Braose,  in 
a  letter  from  N.  abbat  of  Vaudey, 

"  Know  for  certain  that  on  the  morrow 
(April  30,  1230)  of  the  apostles  Philip 
and  James,  at  a  certain  manor  which  is 
called  Crokin,  he  was  hanged  in  a  tree, 
nor  that  secretly  or  by  night,  but  publicly 
and  in  full  day,  800  men,  and  more  than 
that,  being  called  together  to  this  misera- 
ble and  lamentable  spectacle,  and  those 
especially  to  whom  Sir  William  de  Brans 
and  bis  sons  were  odious  on  account  of 
the  death  of  their  ancestors  or  other  inju- 
ries inflicted  on  them." 

This  confirms  a  statement  of  Mat- 
thew Paris,  which  was  doubtfully  re- 
ceived by  Dugdale.  The  site  of  the 
manor  of  Crokin  is  not  precisely  as- 
certained, but  Mr.  Blaauw  states  that 
the  place  where  Braose  was  buried  is 
still  known  as  Cae  Gwilvm  ddu  or 
Black  William's  Field.  He  had  mar- 
ried a  natural  daughter  of  king  John. 

The  letter  numbered  669  contains 
an  extraordinary  statement.  A  certain 
chaplain  named  William  Dens,  vicar 
of  tne  church  of  Mundeham  near  Chi- 
chester, was  not  only  married,  but  had 
two  wives,  and  moreover  claimed  to 
have  the  Pope's  letters  of  dispensation 
to  that,  effect ;  though  it  is  remarked 
that  such  letters  could  never  have 
emanated  from  the  conscience  of  our 
lord  the  Pope,  and  moreover  were 
contrary  to  the  statutes  of  the  general 
council. 

In  two  appropriations  of  localities 
we  believe  Mr.  JBlaauw  has  fallen  into 
misapprehensions.  When  Ralph  de 
Nevule  was  dean  of  Lichfield  he  was 
also  rector  of  Thorp,  and  in  p.  39  Mr. 
Blaauw  remarks  *  that 

"  From  the  mention  of  the  fair  of  St. 
Edmund  it  is  clear  that,  though  there  are 
numerous  parishes  named  Thorp  in  va- 


rious counties,  the  dean's  rectory  was 
Edmundthorpe,  otherwise  called  Mering- 
thorp,  or  Edmerethorp,  on  the  eastern 
border  of  Leicestershire,  in  the  gift  of  the 


crown. 


But  "  the  ceUerer  and  sacrist  of  St. 
Edmund"  which  are  mentioned  lead 
us  to  the  great  abbey  at  Bury  in  Suf- 
folk, and  the  "  fair"  held  in  ttat  town. 
AVe  conclude  therefore  that  the  Thorp 
of  which  Ralph  de  Neville  was  Rector 
was  Thorp  Morieux  in  Sufiblk,  about 
ten  miles  from  Bury  St.  Edmund's. 

In  p.  41  the  "  prior  Newicensis"  is 
supposed  to  have  been  the  head  of  the 
priory  of  Newark  near  Guildford  in 
Surrey ;  but  is  there  not  a  Newick  in 
the  rape  of  Lewes,  where  the  priory  of 
Lewes  possessed  a  manor,  and  probably 
had  a  cell  or  grange  whose  chief  would 
be  called  the  prior  of  Newick  ? 

From  the  close  and  patent  rolls  of 
King  John  some  interesting  notices  of 
one  of  the  Sussex  castles  were  col- 
lected by  the  Rev.  John  Sharpe,  the 
translator  of  William  of  Malmesbury, 
when  resident  at  Shipley,  in  which 
parish  its  ruins  are  seen.  They  form 
the  first  article  in  the  present  volume. 
The  castle  of  Cnapp  or  Knepp  was 
seized  into  the  king  s  hands  on  the  for- 
feiture of  William  de  Braose.  King 
John  was  himself  at  Knepp  in  1206, 
1209,  1211,  and  1215;  and  his  Queen 
Isabella  resided  there  for  eleven  days 
in  1214-15.  At  length,  only  four 
months  before  his  death,  John  ordered 
it  to  be  burnt  and  destroyed,  that  it 
might  not  fall  into  the  hands  of  his 
enemies :  and  it  was  not  again  restored. 
The  ancient  castle  of  Pevensey  re- 
ceived a  similar  sentence  at  the  same 
time. 

Mr.  M.  A.  Lower  communicates 
some  account  of  the  castle  of  Bellen- 
combre,  on  the  banks  of  the  river 
Varenne  in  Normandy,  connected  with 
the  history  of  Sussex  as  the  original 
seat  of  the  Warrens,  afterwards  Earls 
of  Surrey,  and  the  founders  of  Lewes 


*  Adding  in  a  note  that  <'  in  Nichols's  Leicestershire,  this  name  is  erroneously  con- 
jectured  to  have  arisen  from  the  grant  made  in  1266  to  Edmund  Earl  of  Lancaster." 
But  this  is  scarcely  the  true  state  of  the  case.  The  place  is  called  in  several  records 
Edmundthorpe  and  Thorpe  Edmond ;  and,  as  the  historian  of  Leicestershire  says, 
the  fact  of  Earl  Edmund  having  held  the  manor  may  have  contributed  to  that 
corruption;  but  Mr.  Nichols  quotes  two  authorities  earlier  than  13S6,  which  give  its 
original  name ;  in  Domesday  book  it  appears  as  Edmerestorp,  and  in  a  record  dated 
1141  it  is  called  Thorpe-Edmere.  The  true  etymology  is  obviously  from  a  Saxon 
owner  named  Eadmer,  not  Edmund.  The  church  was  dedicated  to  Saint  Michael. 
5 


1851.3 


Sussex  Archceology, 


41 


priory.  It  presents  an  example  of  the 
injunes  to  which  some  of  the  antiqui- 
ties of  France  have  recently  been  sub- 
jected, in  consequence  of  the  subdi- 
vision of  estates. 

"  The  property  was  purchased  by  the 
present  proprietor  for  the  sum  of  10,000 
francs,  in  the  year  1 835,  for  the  express 
purpose  of  selling  the  materials ;  and  so 
little  ashamed  is  the  old  man  of  his  sordid 
spoliation,  that  he  told  us,  with  an  air  of 
the  utmost  satisfaction,  that  he  had  within 
the  last  ten  years  sold  18,000  feet  of  free- 
stone, procured  by  the  demolition  of  the 
two  entrance  towers  only.'' 

Two  prints  show  the  very  different 
appearance  of  the  castle  of  Bellen- 
combre  in  the  year  1832  and  the  year 
1849. 

Another  memoir  by  Mr.  Blaauw 
illustrates  the  history  of  the  Cluniac 
Priory  of  St.  Pancras  at  Lewes,  its 
priors  and  monks.  When  the  railway 
was  cut  through  the  site  of  this  priory 
in  the  years  1845  and  1846,  it  will  be 
reoollected  that  the  site  of  the  chapter 
house  was  entirebr  excavated,  and  the 
coffins  of  the  founder  William  de 
Warren  and  his  wife  Gundrada,  daugh- 
ter of  the  Ck)nqueror,  were,  among 
others,  discovered.*  A  few  yards 
further  on,  the  line  traversed  the 
eastern  end  of  the  priory  church,  and 
ascertained  that  it  terminated  in  five 
apses,  resembling  in  that  respect,  if  we 
rightly  remember,  the  abbey  chureh  of 
Battle.  Of  these  interesting  disco- 
veries a  plan  by  Mr.  John  Parsons  is 
prefixed  to  the  present  memoir,  in 
which  Mr.  Blaauw  first  compares  the 
foundations  with  the  report  made  by 
John  Portinari,  one  of  the  royal  com- 
missioners,'!'  previously  to  the  falling 
down  of  the  chureh  in  1538 ;  and  then 
proceeds  to  recount  some  particulars 
of  the  rule  maintained  in  houses  of 
the  Cluniac  order,  adding  a  list  of  the 
mriors,  with  biographical  particulars.} 
He  also  notices  that  in  the  new  edition 


of  the  Monasticon  the  date  of  the  sur- 
render of  the  priory  is  erreneously 
given  as  Nov.  6,  1638,  instead  of  Nov. 
16,  1537. 

The  Rev.  M.  A.  Tiemey,  author  of 
the  History  of  Arundel,  8vo.  1834,  has 
communicated  some  notes  made  in 
1847,  during  an  excavation  in  the 
chapel  formerlv  belouffing  to  the  col- 
lege of  the  Holy  Trinity,  and  still  at- 
tached to  the  east  end  of  the  parish 
chureh  of  Arundel.  This  chapel,  hav- 
ing been  used  from  the  period  of  its 
foundation  as  the  burial  place  of  the 
earls,  was  spared  from  the  destruction 
which  overtook  the  college  itself  at  the 
dissolution  of  religious  houses.  Henry 
the  last  Earl  of  the  Fitz  Alans  re- 
ceived a  grant  of  the  property  of  the 
college  in  1544,  and  was  buried  within 
the  chapel  in  1579.  The  Howards, 
who  succeeded,  have  continued  to  use 
the  chapel  as  their  place  of  sepulture, 
but  have  never  erected  any  monu- 
ments. Their  interments  had  been 
confined  to  two  vaults,  sunk  in  1624, 
in  the  chapel  of  Our  Lady,  to  the 
north  of  the  principal  chapel :  the  re- 
spective entrances  of  which  were  on 
tne  north  and  south  sides  of  the  tomb 
of  John  Earl  of  Arundel  (ob.  1421), 
marked  (I)  in  the  plan  in  the  next  page. 
These  vaults  being  already  crowded, 
it  was  thought  advisable  to  construct 
another  repository ;  and  with  this  view 
the  space  under  the  sanctuary  and 
altar  of  the  college  chapel,  extending 
from  the  foot  of  the  central  tomb  (G) 
of  Thomas  Earl  of  Arundel  and  Bea- 
trix his  Countess  to  the  ffreat  east 
window,  and  comprising  tne  whole 
width  of  the  area,  was  selected ;  and 
in  Feb.  1847  the  works  were  com- 
menced, which  led  to  the  discoveries 
described  by  Mr.  Tierney. 

At  the  spot  marked  (A)  was  found 
the  skeleton  of  a  man,  more  than  six 
feet  in  height,  placed  within  a  coffin 
constructed  of  loose  stones,  which  had 


*  Described  and  engraved  in  onr  Magazine  for  Dec.  1845. 

f  This  is  included  in  the  Camden  Society's  yolume  of  Letters  on  the  Suppression  of 
the  Monasteries;  where  the  editor,  Mr.  Wright,  adopted  a  MS.  memorandum  written 
on  the  original  MS.,  stating  that  "  this  is  Richard  Moryson*s  hand."  Portinari,  bow- 
ever,  was  a  real  name,  as  Mr.  Blaauw  shows. 

X  All  the  priors  were  Normans  before  Johannes  de  Novo  Castro,  who  arrived  at 
Lewes  in  1298,  and  so  were  his  successors  until  1325.  John,  says  Mr.  Blaauw,  was 
"  probsbly  the  first  prior  of  English  birth ;"  but  we  would  suggest  that  he  came 
rather  from  one  of  the  Norman  places  named  Net^chaUl,  than  from  an  English  "  New- 
castle ** 

Gb'mt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVL  G 


S^ttax  Archatologtf. 


[July, 


iPlan  ijfllu  ColltffUU  CUptJ  at  Anadet.) 

eTidentlj   formed   architectural    por-  Earl  of  Amndel,  huCounteBS,  andbia 

tiooH  of  the  old  priory  church.  two   aona,   which  were  known  to  be 

Whan   the  workmen   came   to  th«  contdned  in  it,  but  also  another  bodj, 

Tault  marked  (B)  they  not  only  found  wrapped  in  lead,  and  "  much  resem- 

in  it  the  four  cofiinB  of  Philip  Howard,  bling  a  mummy-cane." 


An  inscription,  mdelv  gcrat«hed 
with  the  point  of  some  iharp  instru- 
ment, announced  it  to  belong  to  hart 

>BK.  Deeply  read  as  Mr.  Tierne;  ia 
in  all  the  annals  of  the  Howards,  it  is 
M>  enigma  to  explain  bow  the  body  of 
this  l*dy  came  to  this  spot.  She  is 
known  to  have  been  buried  in  the 
church  of  St.  Clement  Dane*,  near 
Temple  Bar.*  But  it  appears  that 
Thomas  Ear!  of  Arundel,  by  bis  will 
dated  1641,  desired  that,  if  bis  grand- 
mother of  Norfolk's  body  could  be 
found  in  St.  Clement's  church,  it  should 


grand-     (C) 
iidd  be     fitte 


be  carried  to  Arundel :  and  as  that 

lady,  who  was  also  named  Mary,  and 
wbo  died  only  one  month  before  her 
mother-in-law  the  countess,  was  pro- 
bably laid  near  the  same  spot,  Mr. 
Tiemey  conjectures  that  when  the 
search  was  made,  in  fulfilment  of  Earl 
Thomas's  will,  the  countess  was  in 
error  removed  and  the  duchess  still 
left  behind. 

The  next  day  another  stone  coffin 

msembling  the  former  was  found  at 

,  .  some  ofthe  stones  of  which,  when 

itted  together,  proved  to  have  been 

the  jamb  of  one  of  the  round-beaded 


*  The  icconnt  of  her  faneral  which  Mr.  Tiemey  qaotes  from  Strype's  Memoriili  is 
that  of  MHchja  the  merchant-Caylor :  see  bis  Diary,  priated  by  the  Csmdea  Societr, 

tl55.  The  chief  moamen  were  not,  bs  Strype  bu  it,  •'  my  lady  of  Wwcester.  lady 
Dinley,  ladf  North,  and  ladg  St.  Leger,"  but  the  two  fanuer,  with  lord  Norlh  and 
Sir  ADthony  St.  Leg«r.    The  Dochfis  of  Norfolk's  luntral  occurs  ibid.  p.  149. 


SuiteK  Arekaologp. 


windows  of  tha  ancient  Norman 
church,  whicb  waa  pulled  donn  lo  be 
replaced   bj    the    present    Btructure, 


J11380.  With  eachof the  stoDC 
coffins  was  foand  a  mason's  trowel  or     to  ai 
float)  ita  handle  purpoBel;  broken  off,     ton, 
lowing,  as  Mr.  lYeemansu^ests,  that     ham) 
"ita  work  was  done"— perhaps  show- 
ing, we    may  add,  that    its    owner's 
work  was  also  done ;  for  maj  not  the 
bodies  have  been  those  of  masons  who 
died  daring  the  progress  of  the  build- 


an  historical  l^^end ;  both  bodies 
having  had,  it  is  said,  the  aame  origin, 
in  the  capture  of  John  king  of  Franca 
at  the  buttle  of  Foictiers.  According 
to  an  inscription  formerlj  at  Lough- 
of  the  residences  of  the  Pel- 


de  Pelbam,  dans  le  temps  da 
Edouard  III.  13SG,  k  la  guerre  de  Poio- 
tiers,  en  prBnaot  le  roi  de  Prsocf  priao- 
nier,  iToit  donnc  pour  ensign  d'honnenr 
la  BoDcle,  et  Roger  la  War  le  chape  de 
i'epfe ;  la  Boucle  etoil  portte  ant'  foil 
■uz  deal  cot^B  d'une  Cage." 

This  inscription  seems  to  have  borne 

the  date   ISOSj  and  the  same  familj 

tradition  will  be  found  related  more 

at  length   in  Collins's  Feerage.     We 

lingering  there  at  the  time  of     confess  we   are   not   satisfied   of  the 

ition.     He  is  directed  to  this     authenticity  of  the  claim,     Froisaart 


^  Considermg  the  materials  of 
which  the  coffins  were  formed,  this 
appears  to  us  a  far  more  probable  sup- 
position than  that  suggested  bj  Mr. 
Tieniey,  naroelj,  that  the  bodies  were 
those  of  two  monks  of  the  older  prior; 


conclusion  by  the  consideration  that  states   of  king   John's 

"thej  coQid  scarcely  have  belonged  to  he  jielded  himself  to  Sir  XJcn^  Mor- 

the  new  college  ;  for  the  brtlhm  woold  ^^\^  "  knight  of  Artois  in  the  Enel.sh 

certainly  not  be  buried  nearer  to  the  allar  service ;  and,  bein^  forced  from  hira, 

than   the    maitm,    and    the    first   th.  " 


masters,    Ertham,    White,  and  Coli 
have  their  graves  at  the  entrance  Of  the 
chapel  leading  from  tbe  churoh." 

For  our  own  part  we  are  much  in- 
clined to  r^ard  these  charactefistic 
entombments  as  those  of  freemosoni, 
who  might  claim  or  appropriaCe 


afl«rwards  claimed  as  prisoner  bj 
more  than  ten  knights  and  esquires, 
Froissart  does  not  mention  Sir  Johq 
Felham  nor  Sir  Roger  la  Warrj  nor 
do  any  other  of  the  chroniclers.  The 
caee  occurs  as  a  crest  on  the  seal 
of  Sb-  John  Pplbam,  living  jn  the  reign 
of  King  Henrj  VI.  whli^  is  here  e 


a  privif^e   of  interment  'during  the     graced.     He  and  his  father  were  both 
progress  of  ecclesiastical  buildings — 
of  course  taking  with  their  betters  the 
chances  of  subsequent  disturbance. 

In  the  vault  under  the  canopied 
tomb  (E)  of  the  earls  Thomas  and 
William,  who  died  in  151*  and  1S35, 


case,  precisely  as  that  of  his  second 
wife  already  described.  Across  the 
breast  was  written 

HEN.  FIZALFJJ 
1579. 

In  tbe  same  vault  were  three  other 
bodies,  one  of  which  was  identified  as 
that  nf  Henr^  lord  Stafford,  who  died 
in  1637,  in  his  sixteenth  year  ;  and  the 
others  were  attributed  to  the  two  earls 
commemorated  by  the  monument 
erected  over  it.  There  was  also  found 
tbe  lower  half  of  a  statuette  of  the 
Tii;gin,  splendidly  painted  and  gilt. 

Mr.  Lower's  Observations  on  the 
Buckle,  the  badge  of  the  family  of 
Felliam,  and  the  Crampet,  the  badge 
of  tbe  family  of  La  Warr,  start  from 


44 


Sussex  Archaology> 


[July, 


constables  of  Pevensey  Castle;  and 
that  office  itself  may  have  suggested 
the  device  of  a  cage.  He  quarters  the 
arms  of  Crownell,  of  which  family  his 
mother  was  an  heiress.  But,  whatever 
its  origin,  the  Pelham  buckle  was 
widely  known  in  Sussex,  and  Mr. 
Lower  has  traced  it  as  an  architec- 
tural ornament  still  decorating  many 
churches  in  the  county,  which  were 
doubtless  indebted  to  the  munificence 
of  the  family.  His  illustrative  sketches 
of  these  sculptures  add  considerable 
interest  to  his  essay.  A  simple  buckle 
was  the  cognisance,  as  in  Sir  John 


V 


Coonteneal. 

Pelham*s  seal;  but  the  more  recent 
Pelhams  (down  to  the  present  Earl  of 
Chichester  and  the  Duke  of  Newcastle,) 
have  formed  a  secondary  coat  of  arms 
of  two  buckles  with  girdles  attached, 
as  a  quartering  to  their  original  canting 
coat  of  three  pelicans.  This  was  an 
innovation  in  tne  reign  of  James  the 
First,  when  Sir  Thomas  Pelham  com- 
plains to  his  cousin  Sir  William  of  the 
alteration : 

"  They  have  added  to  the  Buckle  a  part 
of  the  girdle ;  which  I  did  never  see  in 
all  the  seals  of  arms  I  have,  or  on  any 
escutcheon." 

It  was,  in  fact,  an  instance  (of  which 
there  are  other  examples)  of  multiply- 
ing quarterings  by  forming  them  out 
pf  crests  and  badges. 

Mr.  Lower  has  been  less  successful 
in  tracing  examples  of  the  cognisance  of 
La  Warr.  He  gives  but  two :  one  from 
Broadwater  Church,  and  the  other 
from  Gerard  Legh's  Accidens  of  Ar- 
morie,  edit.  1562,  where  it  is  described 
as  **  a  crampette  or,  geven  to  his  aun- 
cesters  for  takyng  of  Uie  French  kynge 


in  fielde.*'  Are  there  not  also  examples 
of  it  to  be  seen  at  Halnaker  ? 

Other  documents  contained  in  the 
present  volume  are, — a  lease  of  the  free 
chapel   of  Midhurst  in  1514;  orders 
of  the  Privy  Council  of  James  L  ad- 
dressed to  the  sheriff  and  justices  of 
Sussex,  one  in  1619  to  store  com,  on 
account  of  its  too  great  q)ieapness  (the 
like  letters  being  sent  to  all  other 
counties),  and  another  in  1621  relating 
to  further  state  interference  when  com 
had    become    scarce;   the    manorial 
customs    of  Southese    with  Hayton, 
dated  in  1623 ;  very  curious  extracts 
from  the  journals  and  account-books 
of  Timothy  Burrell  esquire,  a  retired 
barrister  and  excellent  scholar,  from 
the  year  1683  to  1714 — full  of  amusing 
entries,  and  no  less  amusing  sketches ; 
and  notes  on  the  wills  proved  in  the 
consistory  courts  of  Lewes  and  Chi- 
chester.*   To  these  articles  are  added 
a  memoir  on  the  military  earthworks 
of  the  Southdowns,  and  especially  on 
Cissbury,  by  the  Rev.  Edward  Turner ; 
supplementary  notices  on    the  L*on- 
worxs  of  Sussex,  in  addition  to  Mr. 
Lower*s  memoir  which  we  noticed  at 
some  length  in  our  review  of  the  pre- 
vious volume  of  the  Society's  Papers  ;t 
figures   of  Encaustic  Tiles  found    in 
Sussex;  an  account  of    the  ancient 
Rectory-house  of  West  Dean,  near 
Eastbourne,  remarkable  as  a  domestic 
edifice  of  the  14th  century ;  a  pedigree 
of    the    once    flourishing    family  of 
Lewknor ;  an  account,  with  excellent 
engravings,  of  the  silver  Watch  of 
Charles  the  First,  which  he  presented 
at  his  execution  to  Sir  Thomas  Her- 
bert, and  which  is  still  in  the  pos- 
session of  his  descendant  Wm.  Townley 
Mitford,  esq.    of  Pitts   Hill;  and  a 
catalogue  of  the  Sussex  drawings  made 
by  S.H.  Grimm  for  Sir  Wm.  Bur- 
rell, and  now  part  of  the  (rough  col- 
lection in  the  Bodleian  Library. 

Altogether,  it  must  be  allowed  that 
the  thinl  volume  of  the  Sussex  Collec- 
tions is  very  ably  and  profitably  filled. 


*  Mr.  Lower  will  ezcose  our  pointing  out  his  misreading  (p.  113)  of  the  bequest  in 
1551  of  "  ij  payre  of  almond  tynfiU  and  splints  thereto :"  the  word  is  ryuetU,  and 
the  articles  are  the  frequently  mentioned  Almaigne  rivets,  a  pair  consisting  of  a  breast 
and  hack  plate,  and  the  splints  the  parts  to  protect  the  arms. 

t  See  our  Magazine  for  Nov.  1849. 


45 


HORACE  WALPOLE. 

• 

Memoirs  of  Horace  Walpole  and  his  contemporaries ;  including  namerons  original 
letters,  chiefly  from  Strawberry  HilL  Edited  by  Eliot  Warbnrton,  Esq.  2  vols.  8yo. 
1851. 

Tlie  Correspondence  of  Horace  Walpole,  Earl  of  Orford,  and  the  Rev.  William 
Mason.  Now  flrst  published  from  the  original  MSS.  Edited,  with  notes,  by  the 
Rer.  John  Mitford.  2  yols.  8vo.  1851. 


WE  cannot  notice  the  first  of  these 
works  without  expressing  in  the  very 
strongest  terms  our  dissatisfaction  with 
the  mode  in  which  it  has  been  com- 
piled, or,  as  the  phrase  runs,  ^*got  up,** 
and  more  especially  with  the  share  in 
the  transaction  with  has  been  borne  by 
Mr.  Eliot  Warburton— "the  editor,*^ 
as  he  has  allowed  himself  to  be  termed. 
The  history  of  the  book  is  one  not 
difficult  to  understand,  nor,  we  fear, 
to  parallel.  The  idea  of  the  compila- 
tion originated  probably  with  some 
gentleman  who  is  not  possessed  of 
much  literary  talent,  but  has  a  shrewd 
eye  to  what  will  sell.  The  execution 
of  the  work  fell  into  the  hands  of  some 
person  whose  literary  labours  are  not 
esteemed  good  enough  to  attract  the 
attention  of  the  public.  Under  such 
circumstances  what  is  a  publisher  to 
do  with  the  unsaleable  manufactured 
commodity  ?  "  Reject  it,"  answer  com- 
mon sense  and  fair  dealing.  "Not 
so,"  suggests  the  adviser,  whose  counsel 
has  been  taken  on  the  present  occasion, 
"pay  for  it,  Mr.  Publisher,  pay  for  it 
auer  your  own  estimate  of  its  value ; 
send  the  proof-sheets  to  be  read  by 
some  gentleman  who  has  a  reputation; 
call  htm  *  editor  ;*  put  his  name  on  the 
title-page,  and  procure  him  to  write  a 
puff-preliminary  in  the  shape  of  an 
mtroduction.  Horace  Walpole  is  a 
captivating  name.  Mr.  Eliot  War- 
burton  .  has  had  to  do  with  one  good 
book  and  several  bad  ones ;  if  he  will 
concur  in  this  little  scheme,  the  kind 
public  will  remember  only  his  good 
book,  and  will  buy." 

In  our  estimation  such  a  transaction 
is  as  discreditable  to  all  the  parties  to 
it,  as  it  is  to  our  literature.  Mr.  Pub- 
lisher*8  share  in  it  amounts  to  a  seek- 
ing for  success  by  other  means  than 
those  of  legitimate  trade ;  Mr.  Editor*8 
is  an  abuse  of  the  favour  with  which 
one  of  his  works  has  been  received 
bv  the  public.  His  puff-preliminary 
places  him  in  the  position  of  the  scribes 
employed  by  Messrs.  Moses,  in  every- 


thing except  the  sense  of  shame,  which 
induces  them  to  conceal  their  names. 

Of  the  book  itself  it  is  sufficient  to 
say  that  we  entireljr  concur  in  the  pub- 
lisher's estimate  of  its  character.  With- 
out Mr.  Eliot  Warburton*s  name  there 
was  no  chance  of  its  success:  and) 
under  the  circumstances,  that  name 
has  not  of  course  added  anything  to 
its  value. 

The  second  book  is  one  which  is  far 
removed  from  trickery  of  every  kind. 
It  is  a  genuine  publication  of  letters 
which  passed  between  two  persons, 
about  neither  of  whom  any  one  can 
read  without  a  feeling  of  interest. 
With  all  his  personal  faults,  Horace 
Walpole  was  the  pleasantest  and  most 
vivacious  of  letter-writers,  the  cleverest 
of  anecdote-tellers,  the  sprightliest  of 
news-gatherers.  We  cannot  take  up 
any  volume  of  his  letters  without  a 
certainty  of  being  interested,  amused, 
and  instructed.  He  puts  before  us 
the  manners  and  follies  of  his  time  in 
sketchy  pictures,  far  more  effisctive 
than  the  most  laboured  description; 
he  hits  off  the  men  and  women  by 
whom  he  was  surrounded,  with  their 
more  prominent  faults  and  foibles,  in 
a  style  which  in  our  published  litera- 
ture is  altogether  unrivalled.  Mason 
was  a  correspondent  of  a  different 
character.  Gray  describes  him  as  a 
good,  well-meaning  creature,  full  of 
simplicity,  tinctur^  with  vanity,  and 
isnorant  of  the  world.  In  his  letters 
there  is  little  trace  of  these  qualities. 
By  contrast  with  his  brilliant  corre- 
spondent, as  a  letter-writer,  he  is 
sterile,  heavy,  and  pointless;  careless 
in  his  composition,  and  unstudious  of 
those  little  elegances  and  pretty  turns 
which  Horace  Walpole  was  perpetually 
striving  after.  The  indolence,  too,  of 
which  Grra^  accuses  him,  is  oflen  ap- 
parent in  his  correspondence.  Walpole 
IS  frequently  obliged  to  remind  Iiim 
that  "  there  is  no  conversation  when 
only  one  talks." 

The  intimacy  of  Mason  and  Walpole 


46 


Horace  Walpole  and  Mason, 


[July, 


originated  in  their  common  acquaint- 
ance with  Gray,  and  was  promoted  by 
the  interchange  of  their  mutual  works. 
At  the  close  of  1763,  i^hen  the  corre- 
spondence, now  published,  opens,  we 
find  Walpole  thanking  Mason  for  a 
volume  of  his  Odes  and  about  to  send 
him  the  third  volume  of  his  Anecdotes 
of  Painting,  with  his  forthcoming  pub- 
lication of  the  life  of  Lord  Herbert  of 
Cherbury.  The  postscript  is  a  curious 
example  of  the  fallibility  of  literary 
judgment  when  tinctured  by  political 
prejudice.  "  Have  you  read  Mrs. 
Macaulay,*'  that  is,  the  first  volume  of 
Mrs.  Catherine  Macaulay^s  History  of 
England,  then  recently  published,  '*  I 
am  glad  again  to  have  Mr.  Graj*8  opi- 
nion to  corroborate  mine,  that  it  is  the 
most  sensible,  unaffected,  and  best 
History  of  England  that  we  have  had 
yet."  Walpole  lived  to  change  his 
mind. 

Mason^s  position  as  one  of  the 
executors  of  Gray  and  the  publisher 
of  his  works  increased  his  intimacv 
with  Walpole,  but  it  was  not  until 
after  the  middle  of  1772,  when  they 
visited  each  other  at  their  respective 
residences,  that,  having  become  per- 
sonally acquainted  and  better  informed 
respecting  the  similarity  of  their  poli- 
tical opinions,  thev  seemed  to  throw 
off*  all  constraint  m  writintr  to  each 
other.  They  were  brought  more  in- 
timately into  union  by  the  publica- 
tion of  the  anonymous  satire  entitled 
the  "  Heroic  Epistle  to  Sir  William 
Chambers,"^  the  authorship  of  which 
these  letters  clearly  fix  upon  Mason. 
Walpole  was  in  the  secret — perhaps  a 
helper  in  the  composition ;  but  the 
mystery  is  after  all  scarcely  yet  cleared 
up.  The  volume  was  intrusted  to  some 
young  man  who  made  a  bargain,  as  for 
himself,  with  Almon  the  publisher,  and 
received  ten  guineas  for  his  presumed 
work.  All  direct  communication  with 
the  real  author  was  thus  cut  o£,  Se^ 
veral  persons  were  in  turn  stufi^ipied, 
but  at  length  Mason  was  geiiet^ly 
fixed  upon,  solely  on  the  evidence  m 
similarity  of  style,  and  he  himself  was 
thought  some  few  years  afterwards  to 
have  betrayed  his  secret,  by  asking  bis 
neighbour  at  a  dinner  party  at  Sir 
Joshua  Reynold8*89  **  Don*t  you  think 
it  very  odd  Sir  JO0I111A. should  invite 
me  to  meet  Sir  Williaqir^QtMunbers  ?** 

Mason^s  publication  of  Gray*s  Life 
oocamoned  an  explanaliMi  to  be  given 


to  him  by  Walpole  of  the  cause  of  that 
quarrel  between  himself  and  Gray 
which  has  formed  a  conspicuous  item 
in  all  accounts  of  them  both.  Surely 
too  much  has  been  made  of  this  inci- 
dent and  said  about  it.  The  appa- 
rently candid  manner  in  which  Wal- 
pole took  the  blame  of  the  quarrel 
upon  himself  gave  rise  to  two  different 
opinions  respecting  its  cause.  It  ex- 
cited, in  the  mind  of  Dr.  Johnson, 
never  friendly  to  Gray,  a  suspicion 
that  if  he  had  not  conducted  himself  in 
some  extremely  disagreeable  manner, 
a  person  so  mild  and  generous  as  Wal- 
pole would  not  have  been  stirred  up 
to  quarrel.  Other  critics  considered 
that  Walpole*s  humiliating  avowal 
must  have  been  founded  upon  a  con- 
sciousness of  some  graver  offence  on 
his  part  than  any  which  has  come  to 
light.  The  latter  was,  we  believe,  at 
one  time  the  opinion  of  Mr.  Mitford, 
who  suggested,  on  what  he  considered 
good  authority,  that  Walpole,  suspect- 
ing Gray  of  having  written  complaints 
of  him  to  England,  clandestinely 
opened  and  reseaied  one  of  his  letters, 
the  discovery  of  which,  by  Gray,  led 
to  the  rupture  between  them.  Mr. 
Mitford  seems  now  to  think  that 

"  The  confession  of  Walpole  in  these 
letters  is  frank  and  undisguised,  and  his 
representation  of  their  uncongenial  habits 
and  pecularities  of  temper  on  either  side 
is  qaite  sufficient  to  account  for  the  un- 
fortunate result'' 

From  the  publication  of  the  Heroic 
Epistle  and  the  commencement  of  the 
Life  of  Gray,  Walpole*8  letters  to  Ma- 
son run  on  in  their  customary,  easy, 
pleasant  manner,  overflowing  occa- 
sionally with  Quite  as  much  spiteful- 
ness  as  wit.  Mason  follows  in  a  heavy, 
lumbering  way,  saueezing  out  an 
anecdote  whenever  he  can  do  so,  and 
very  proud  when  that  is  the  case : 
''^  Squibimua^  he  says,  ^  dodi  xndoC' 
tiqu6,**  When  Walpole  was  in  the  vein 
n(Hibin£  stopped  his  facul^  of  lefcter- 
ttfitkig  save  the  necessity  ror  running 
^Nraad  leavinir  his  blue  chamber,  or 
BMe  other  ofnis  absurd  little  apart- 
iBents  in  his  castle  at  Strawberry  Hill 
in  which  he  chanced  to  be  sitting,  to 
be  inspected  bf  visitors. 

Masou,  m  the  contrary,  was  fre- 
quently driteb  to  confess  that  he  bad 
nothing  to  write  about ; — 

**  Don^teH  me/'  replies  his  fluent  oor- 
respondeot,  **  you  have  nothing  to  say  : 


1851.] 


Horace  WalpoU  and  Mcuton, 


47 


you  see  how  easy  it  is  to  make  a  long 
letter  ;  one  might  have  writtf  o  this  in  the 
Isle  of  Sky,  but  yoo  are  a  poet  and  a  tragic 
author,  and  will  not  condescend  to  write 
anything  lest  yoor  letters  should  rise  up 
in  judgment  against  you.  It  is  a  mercy 
to  have  no  character  to  maintain.  Your 
predecessor  Mr.  Pope  laboured  his  letters 
aa  much  as  the  Essay  on  Man,  and  as  they 
were  written  to  every  body,  they  do  not 
look  as  if  they  had  been  written  to  any 
body.*'  (i.  273.) 

To  write  letters  was  at  some  pe- 
riods of  Walpole's  life  his  chief  enjoy- 
ment. He  lived  much  alone,  he  read 
every  thing  that  was  published,  he 
went  about  gossipping  and  making  or 
hunting  for  tittle-tattle,  and  his  read- 
ing and  his  tittle-tattle  were  all  regu- 
lany  and  carefully  worked  up  into 
letters ; — 

'*  Young  folks,"  he  writes  in  1777, 
«<  may  fancy  what  they  will  of  such  an> 
tiques  as  I  am  having  no  original  pleasures, 
or  only  scraps  and  ends.  Lord  Holland 
was  always  whining  on  the  miseries  of  old 
age.  Now  I  can  tell  both  the  one  and  the 
other  that  there  are  very  cordial  enjoy- 
ments which  only  the  old  can  have.  I  have 
just  tasted  two  great  raptures  of  the  sort 
f  mean,  but  indeed  they  do  not  happen 
very  often.  The  transports  I  allude  to 
are,  living  to  see  the  private  works,  sen- 
timents, and  anecdotes  of  one^s  own  time 
come  to  light." 

and  then  he  goes  on  to  explain  how 
much  of  this  kind  of  pleasure  he  had 
derived  from  Dr.  Maty's  Memoirs  of 
Lord  Chesterfield  and  the  State  Pa- 
pers of  the  Marechaux  de  Noailles. 

In  using  what  came  to  his  knowledge, 
all  was  fish,  according  to  the  proverb, 
that  fell  into  Walpme^s  net.  See,  in 
the  following  passage,  what  a  deal  he 
makes  of  some  nonsensical  rumour 
which  had  probably  been  set  on  foot 
by  himself  or  some  brother  witling. 

**  I  am  charmed  with  a  new  method  of 
goveraiuent  which  every  body  else  laughs 
at ;  I  mean  the  decision  of  the  directors  of 
the  East  India  Company  by  tossing  up 
heads  and  tails,  whether  Lord  Pigot  should 
be  a  prisoner  or  a  nabob.  If  every  nation 
was  to  be  ruled  by  this  compendious 
and  impartial  method,  the  people  would 
on  every  occasion  have  an  equal  chance 
for  happiness  from  every  measure ;  and  I 
beg  to  know  where  it  is  not  three  to  one 
against  them  by  every  other  mode.  I 
would  be  content  to  live  under  the  most 
despotic  monarchy  that  could  be  devised 


provided  King  Heads  and  Tails  were  the 
sovereign."  (i.  286.) 

Walpole  is  no  doubt  entitled  to 
some  credit  for  having  thrown  upon 
the  benighted  eighteenth  century  a 
portion  of  the  first  faint  gliomaering 
light  of  that  day  of  architectural  im- 
provement which  has  now  dawned 
upon  us,  and  in  (me  respect  it  is  en- 
couraging to  all  who  desire  that  we 
should  go  on  improving  to  find  how 
singularly  unconscious  the  baron  of 
Strawberry  was  of  the  absurdity  of  his 
little  castle.  Despicable  as  the  totter- 
ing ruin  now  appears  to  every  passer- 
by, it  was  deemed  a  very  astonishing 
fabric  by  the  people  of  his  own  day, 
and  its  great  master  regarded  it  with 
an  affectionate  pride  and  fondness 
which,  if  we  did  not  make  great  allow- 
ances for  the  influence  of  his  period, 
would  make  him  a  mere  object  of  con- 
tempt. The  glories  of  one  of  his  silly 
little  closets,  set  ofi*  with  ornaments 
which  exhibited  the  perfection  of  igno- 
rance, called  forth  a  letter  from  Bi&on 
overflowing  with  the  warmest  admira- 
tion ;  whilst  a  visit  to  Cambridge  im- 
pressed the  great  arcbitect  of  Straw- 
berry with  fully  as  much  astonishment 
as  sorrow,  by  disclosing  to  him  that, 
afler  all  his  labours.  King's  College 
Ch^)el  was  really  ^*  more  beautiful 
than  Strawberry  Hill.*'  It  may  be 
doubted  whether  it  is  not  a  proof  of 
Walpole's  superiority  to  many  people 
in  that  day  that  he  was  able  to  discern 
the  fact. 

Horace  Walpole  prided  himself  on 
knowing  nothing  of  the  principal  lite- 
rary men  of  his  day.  They  were  not 
sufficiently  aristocratic  to  be  admitted 
to  his  intimacy  upon  terms  in  any  de- 
gree approachm^  to  equality.  Gibbon, 
as  a  man  of  station,  was  almost  a  soli- 
tary and  onl  V  a  partial  exception.  Wal- 
pole quarreled,  as  every  body  knows, 
with  all  the  antiquaries  of  his  day,  be- 
cause a  paper  in  opposition  to  his  His- 
toric Doubts  was  admitted  into  the 
Archseologia.  Mr.  Gough's  acquaint' 
ance  was  repelled  by  him  in  one  of  his 
most  scornful  letters.  Dr.  Johnson 
was  repudiated  as  a  mere  bombastic 
man  of  words;  and  yet,  in  his  own 
secret  heart,  he  had  an  evident  and 
painful  misgiving  that  in  the  present 
century  Johnson  and  Groldsmith,  Burke 
and  Reynolds,  would  be  regarded  with 
the  same  affectionate  interest  which  in 


48 


Horace  Walpole  and  Mason. 


[J«ly, 


bis  day  was  given  to  Pope  and  Swifl 
and  Gay  and  Arbuthnot.  His  feeling 
towards  the  men  of  letters  of  his  own 
day  may  be  judged  from  the  following 
notice  of  the  death  of  poor  Groldsmith : 

"  The  republic  of  Parnassus  has  lost  a 
member;  Dr.  Goldsmith  is  dead  of  a 
purple  fever,  and  I  think  might  have  been 
saved  if  he  had  continued  James's  powder, 
which  had  much  effect,  but  his  physician 
interposed.  His  numerous  friends  neg- 
lected him  shamefully  at  last,  as  if  they 
had  no  business  with  him  when  it  was  too 
serious  to  laugh.  He  had  lately  written 
epitaphs  for  tbem  all,  some  of  which  hurt, 
and  perhaps  made  them  not  sorry  that  bis 
own  was  the  first  necessary.  The  poor 
soul  had  some  times  [some  fine  ?]  parts, 
though  never  common  sense.'*  (i.  138). 

The  facts  are  all  stated  here  very 
incorrectly.  His  own  indiscreet  use 
of  James's  powders  probably  hastened 
poor  Goldsmith's  death,  and  there  is  no 
pretence  for  stating  that  his  friends 
deserted  him,  or  were  offended  with 
his  Retaliation.  Horace  Walpole  is 
never  a  safe  authority  for  facts ;  but 
give  him  a  joke  to  repeat,  and  who 
shall  make  it  more  effective?  Witness 
the  following  satire  upon  the  dress  of 
the  ladies  in  1778 : — 

'*  About  ten  days  ago  I  wanted  a  house- 
maid, and  one  presented  herself  very 
well  recommended.  I  said,  '  But,  young 
woman,  why  do  you  leave  your  present 
place  ? '  She  said  she  could  not  support 
the  hours  she  kept ;  that  her  lady  never 
went  to  bed  till  three  or  four  in  the  morn- 
ing. '  Bless  me,  child/  said  I,  '  why 
you  tell  me  you  live  with  a  bishop's  wife, 
and  I  never  heard  that  Mrs.  North  gamed 
or  raked  so  late.'  '  No,  sir,*  said  she, 
*  but  she  is  three  hours  undressing.' 
Upon  my  word  the  edifice  that  takes  three 
hours  to  demolish  must  at  least  be  double 
the  time  in  fabricating  I  Would  not  you 
for  once  sit  up  till  morning  to  see  the  de- 
struction of  the  pyramid  and  distribution 
of  the  materials  ?  "  (i.  365). 

In  such  an  extract  as  the  following 
one  scarcely  knows  whether  to  wonder 
more  at  the  writer's  want  of  feeling,  or 
his  want  of  foresight : — 

'*  The  first  thing  I  beard  on  landing  in 
Arlington  Street  was  Lord  Chatham^s 
death,  which  in  truth  I  thought  of  no 
great  consequence,  but  to  himself;  for 
either  he  would  have  remained  where  he 
was,  or  been  fetched  out  to  do  what  he 
could  not  do— replace  us  once  more  on 
the  throne  of  Neptune."  (i.  369). 
6 


Walpole*8  political  cue  for  many 
years  was  a  mere  despair  of  the  coun- 
try and  its  fortunes.  The  reverses  of 
the  American  war  were  a  subject  of 
unpatriotic  delight  both  to  him  and  his 
correspondent  Mason.  They  chuckled 
over  every  defeat  of  the  arms  of  their 
country. 

"  Was  I  to  tell  you,"  remarks  Mason 
in  1781,  "  that  I  drink  Hyder  Ally's 
health  every  day  in  a  glass  of  port,  per- 
haps it  might  prompt  you  to  pledge  me  in 
your  glass  of  orange-juice  ;  pray  do  so.  I 
am  sorry  however  that  the  news  of  his 
victories  come  so  rapidly.  I  wish  we  might 
hear  no  more  of  him  till  Lord  North  has 
unchartered  the  East  India  Company,  and 
then  the  more  the  merrier.  I  remember 
five  years  ago  that  mad  woman  who  works 
in  wax  told  me  when  I  went  to  her  raree- 
show,  <  that  if  there  was  a  God  and  a 
providence,  which  she  firmly  believed 
there  was,  and  hoped  (as  I  seemed  to  be 
a  parson)  that  I  believed  the  same,  that 
the  Americans  would  never  be  conquered,' 
so  I  am  inclined  to  rest  my  friend  Hyder 
Ally's  success  on  the  same  foundation." 
(ii.  175). 

Mason  was  the  first  to  change  this 
tone.  The  correspondence  here  printed 
comes  to  a  sudden  end  at  the  com- 
mencement of  1784.  Fox's  Lidia  Bill 
alarmed  the  reverend  author  of  the 
Heroic  Epistle.  He  who  had  person- 
ally hated  and  insulted  both  Kme  and 
Queen  followed  his  acquaintance  Xord 
Harcourt  in  becomins  politically  what 
was  called  a  King's  mend,  and  urged 
his  new  opinions  upon  his  old  corre- 
spondent. Walpole  laughed  at  his  ver- 
satility, and  the  correspondence  ceased. 
There  was  a  gleam  of  renewal  in  1796, 
but  there  had  never  been  any  real 
affectionate  regard  on  either  side,  and 
there  was  no  possibility  therefore  of 
knittinff  up  agam  the  once  broken  inti- 
macy. Mason  had  found  Walpole*s  cor- 
respondence convenient  and  amusins ; 
to  a  person  resident  in  the  countrv  he 
was  an  invaluable  newsmonger;  whilst 
Walpole  was  ever  delighted  to  have  a 
respectable  **  friend,"  as  it  was  termed, 
upon  whom  he  might  practise  his  gifl 
or  letter-writing.  But  the  first  shock 
severed  a  connection  built  upon  a 
foundation  intrinsically  so  slight.  Like 
Walpole*B  rupture  with  Grav,  that 
with  Mason  was  irreparable.  The  at- 
tempted renewal  came  when  the  great 
peace-maker  was  making  rapid  ad- 
vances upon  the  shattered  Irsme  of 


1851.] 

Walpole,  and  the  last  letter  published 
in  these  yolames,  dated  lOtn  March, 
1797,  shews  with  what  almost  scornful 
unconcern  Mason  received  the  tidings 
of  his  old  correspondent's  death.  The 
impression  produced  by  the  whole  cor- 
respondence is  that  their  *^  friendship  ** 
was  one  of  convenience  on  both  sides — 
heartless,  selfish,  c(»ld. 

We  have  not  space  to  give  the 
many  anecdotes  with  which  the  book 
abounds ;  for,  although  not  in  our 
jud^ient  so  interesting  as  the  letters 
to  Mann,  and  perhaps  as  some  of  the 
other  collections,  it  contains  many 
pleasant  stories,  and  is  a  most  accept- 
able addition  to  our  knowledge  of  both 


National  Education. 


49 


the  politics  and  the  literature  of  Wal- 
pole s  time.  The  editor  has  put  into 
nis  notes  some  of  that  curioo^  learning 
which  all  the  world  knows  him  to 
possess  in  such  rare  abundance ;  but 
the  position  of  the  notes  at  the  end  of 
the  volumes  is  fatal  to  their  being  read. 
In  the  next  edition  we  hope  they  will  be 
placed  at  the  foot  of  the  pages,  where 
their  number  may  be  added  to  with 
effect.  We  would  also  suggest  that 
the  orthography  should  be  modernized. 
It  is  well  to  be  told  that  it  was  loose 
and  variable,  but  there  is  no  use  in 
printing  obvious  mistakes,  such  at 
miridey  hippocricy,  chancellor  Thurloe^ 
Soame  Jennyns^  &c. 


NATIONAL  EDUCATION. 

Hints  on  an  improved  System  of  National  Education.  By  the  Rev.  R.  Dawes. 
8vo.  Lond.  1849. 

Suggestive  Hints  towards  improving  Secular  Instruction.  By  the  Rev.  R,  Dawes. 
8vo.  Load.  1850. 


.  EDUCATION— the  best  mode  of 
educating  the  people  —  is  an  almost 
exhaustless  subject,  and  time,  so  far 
from  maicinor  the  talkincf  and  thinkincr 
world  weary  of  it,  renders  it  more  than 
ever  the  theme  of  earnest  discourse. 
Yet  not  only  is  the  actual  progress  in 
education  throughout  the  land  slow^ 
but  some  of  the  most  important  prin- 
ciples which  should  actuate  us  have 
perpetually  to  be  reiterated  and  argued 
over  and  over  again,  as  if  they  were 
novelties.  We  move  a1  a  rate  that 
may  well  dishearten  the  zealous  ;  often 
for  considerable  periods  of  time  we 
seem  scarcely  to  move  at  all.  Now 
and  then  indeed  a  great  outward  im- 
pulse seems  to  be  given ;  as  for  in- 
stance, in  our  young  days,  when  Joseph 
Lancaster  threw  all  England  into  a 
ferment  of  zeal  by  his  large  promises 
of  universal  teachmgwith  the  smallest 
possible  expenditure  of  adult  power, 
and  the  ecclesiastical  dignitaries  up- 
rose in  wrath,  placing  Dr.  Bell  as 
their  champion  in  front  of  the  battle. 
One  is  apt  to  smile  now  at  the  thought 
of  that  time  of  vigorous  warfare 
between  the  Lancasterians  and  the 
friends  to  the  Madras  system,  and  to 
rate  even  at  a  lower  amount  than  it 
deserves  the  meagre  thing  which 
these  parties  were  content  to  call 
education.  Meagre  indeed  it  was; 
Gb«t.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVL 


and  well  might  Mr.  Wordsworth  com- 
plain that,  with  all  he  could  do,  he 
could  not  **  see  anything  like  harmoni- 
ous co-operation  between  these  schools 
and  home  influences.'*  Nevertheless 
they  served  an  important  purpose. 
Education  was  preacned  before  it  was 
understood  or  practised  to  much  pur- 
pose ;  but  the  name  grew  familiar,  and 
some  deeply-rooted  prejudices  gave 
way  before  arguments  grounded  on 
the  supposed  efficacy  of  the  great  re- 
medy to  promote  civilization,  morality, 
and  even  religion  among  the  people. 
We  ourselves  have  now  been  taught 
by  a  pretty  long  experience  that  those 
old  reasoners  and  teachers  who  set 
themselves  against  the  new  methods, 
narrow  in  their  motives  as  many  of 
them  might  be,  were  not  far  wrong  in 
their  doubts  as  to  the  educational  in- 
fluences of  lar^e  monitorial  schools. 
Far  as  we  woulH  be  from  discouraging 
the  most  imperfect  attempt  at  com- 
municating elementary  knowledge,  our 
principal  ground  of  hope  for  the  radi- 
cal improvement  of  education  soringa 
from  the  present  seemingly  slackened 
rate  of  speed,  based  as  it  is,  we  are 
convinced,  on  deeper  consideration  and 
more  thorough  modes  of  procedure* 
We  must  indeed  work  in  Doth  ways. 
There  must  be  an  outspreading  of 
knowledge,  though  it  be  but  thin,  m 


66 


iVttfiMMl  JRf^BMrfiM^ 


tA^ 


in  the  case  at  the  Bagged  Schools ;  bat 
we  cannot  be  sorry  if  some  schools 
w^cb  ^igfat  thirty  years  ago  couni 
scholars  by  hundreds,  and  which  were 
sbown  up  triumphantly  as  proofli  of 
the  marvellous  cheapness  of  school 
eihcaiion  per  head,  have  now  given  up 
their  pretensions  to  wholesale  training, 
are  bent  on  obtaming  teachers  and 
assistants  of  competent  ability,  are 
willing  to  expend  considerable  sums 
on  apparatus,  pique  themselves  rather 
on  lioKerality  than  on  meagre  economy, 
and  in  everything  look  rather  to  the 
quality  than  to  the  quantitv  of  the 
^ucational  article  bestowea.  Fully 
aware,  as  we  are,  that  the  increased 
difficulties  complained  of  by  inspectors 
and  local  managers  in  keeping  up  the 
numbers  of  scholars  in  our  poor  schools 
must,  in  many  cases,  be  attributed  to 
increased  poverty,  and  consequent  in- 
tense eagerness  after  small  earnings,  we 
see  in  this  fact  and  in  its  causes  but  added 
reasons  for  improving  the  quality  of 
our  education.  The  time  is  lamentably 
short.  In  many  places  it  is  a  rare  thing 
to  be  able  to  retain  our  children  be- 
yond or  even  up  to  the  age  of  twelve 
m  the  daily  schools.  What,  in  such  a 
case,  could  a  mere  monitorial  school 
do  for  most  of  the  scholars?  The 
lessons  being  given  from  boards,  or  at 
least  from  a  very  small  selection  of 
books,  not  carried  home  nor  the  pro- 
perty of  the  scholar,  and  the  aim  being 
to  teach  reading  in  the  shortest  possible 
time,  it  b  no  wonder  if  a  knowledge  of 
wonls  is  all  that  is  acquired — words, 
almost  as  uninteresting  to  the  majority 
of  the  scholars  as  the  syllables  which 
form  them— words,  pregnant  indeed 
with  meaning  for  the  future  time  when 
the  understanding  of  the  pupils  has  gone 
through  a  fair  process  of  development 
•—words,  never  to  be  despised  at  any 
ftagCt  because  the  habit  or  patient-ap- 
Dlication  is  valuable  to  every  child  that 
lives;  but  useful  no  farther,  unless 
some  knowledge  of  the  things  sym- 
bolised accompany  the  knowledge  of 
the  symbols.  Where  the  time  passed 
At  scdool  is  very  short,  we  know  how 
hard  it  is  to  do  anything  well ;  but  if 
we  wish  our  work  to  last,  we  must 
^eyoto  every  energy  of  our  minds  to 
fixing  the  school  impressions,  and  this 
will  nAver  be  accomplished,  or  rather  b 
iur^  to  fail,  if  a  iQere  mechanical  learn- 
ing to  put  letters  and  words  together 
be  all  tiiat  we  haVe  accomplished  The 


problem,  m  short,  wiuch  we  h«ie  toaehr^ 
IB  our  poor  schook  is,  how  best  to  com- 
bine attractiveness  with  absolute  m^ 
struction — how  to  ofier  a  strong  and 
awakening  stimulus,  and  yet  at  the  same 
time  to  secure  real  prc^ess.  We  muil 
not  have  amusement  always  in  vi^w, 
and  yet  there  must  be  some  glimpses  el 
the  enjoyment  which  is  to  come.  Do 
we  not  all  see  that,  however  useful  aa 
mental  discipline  the  Latin  grammar 
may  be,  not  one  boy  in  twenty  makes 
any  use  of  his  knowledge  after  he 
leaves  school,  and  that,  even  in  the 
case  of  the  Orb,  his  after  attention  te 
classical  learning  is  the  consequencet 
rather  than  the  cause  of  his  choice  of 
a  profession  or  mode  of  life?  The 
case  is  really  pretty  much  the  same, 
with  our  country  poor  especially,  at  the 
village  school.  Mere  learning  to  read 
is  a  valueless,  uninteresting  acquisition 
in  the  majority  of  cases.  The  tiarmer*f 
boy  and  the  milkmaid*s  assistant  forget 
what  they  have  learnt  in  a  few  months 
if  no  interesting  association  has  ac- 
companied the  school  lessons,  and  all 
our  doings  are  wasted  like  water  spiH 
upon  the  ground.  No  system  that  we 
are  aware  of  has  ever  been  concoeted 
which  can  do  much  for  us  in  meeting 
this  difficulty.  No  books  can  do  it*-* 
the  living  teacher  can  alone  supply  the 
want,  or  rather  a  plurality  of  teacheft ; 
for  it  is  mere  mockery  to  exact  from 
one  mun  the  labour  of  infusing  the 
quickening  element  we  want  into  the 
minds  of  an  hundred  or  an  hundred 
and  fifty  children.  More  cultivated 
teachers  too  are  wanted :  not  mem 
and  women  of  a  low  crade,  who  by 
means  of  a  few  months  in  the  training 
school  are  thought  to  be  sufficiently 
qualified,  but  individuals  of  some 
previous  cultivation,  possessing  minds 
upon  which  the  training  school  will 
tell  well.  Wonderful  to  say,  there 
have  been  men,  clergymen  too,  mea 
dwelling  at  the  fountain-heads  of  eduea* 
tion,  who  have  given  it  as  their  opinien 
that  a  few  m<mths*  training  is  sul^ 
ficient  for  a  schoolmaster.  Most  fully  on 
this  point  do  we  coincide  with  theKev. 
Derwent  Coleridge,  whose  remarks  on 
teachers,  contained  in  a  Letter  on  the 
National  Society *s  Training  College  ai 
Stanley  Grove,  have  lost  none  of  their 
applicability  in  the  course  of  the  nine 
years  which  have  intervened  since  Ikey 
were  publiiibed. 
"  A  sound,  and,  to  a 


i«ri:] 


MMmitd  Sduaaiin. 


Hi 


tn^  m  culthrmtod  undtratuidiiif ;  m  moral 
#oir«r,  the  growth  of  religioas  principles, 
hut  dev^oped  by  intellectual  culture; 
sorely  thi^  if  an  essential  pre-requiilte  in 
every  educator,  before  we  inquire  into  his 
•pecial  fitness  for  the  class  of  children  of 
Hrllueh  his  school  may  be  composed.  And 
Ik  it  not  be  assumed  that  this  is  less 
"iNntHisTte  in  the  teacher  of  the  poor  than  of 
-tttt  rieh.  .  .  Not  only  (in  the  former 
Hile)  has  be  a  greater  number  of  children 
iD  inttruct,  with  less  assistance  and  in  a 
Ism  time,  children  for  the  most  part  of 
liDderer  years,    and   less   prepared    by 

fr^vious  instruction  and  home-training; 
at  he  has  more  to  do  for  them  ...  He 
has  to  supply  for  them  all  the  indirect 
leaching  to  which  the  children  of  the  better 
prbvided  classes  owe  much,  and  perhaps 
the  best,  of  what  they  know,  &c.  .  .  . 
But  how  are  these  qualifications  to  be 
«l»inmanded?  Not,  assuredly,  by  any 
eheap  or  summary  method :  not,  let  me 
Teoture  to  urge,  by  courses  of  lectures,  or 
lotons  in  pecUgogic.  Rather  than  so,  let 
the  clergyman  take  tke  first  tiioughtful 
man,  no  matter  what  his  acquirements,  of 
whose  piety  he  is  assured,  and  prepare 
him  for  his  work,  as  he  walks  with  him  in 
the  fields  or  in  the  streets.  I  do  not  say 
this  Is  enough,  far  from  it,  8cc,  .  .  .  But 
lomethiog  in  this  way  might  be  done: 
lome  fiithei^y  discipline  established,  some 
lessons  of  humble  wisdom  imparted. 
From  the  other  mode  nothing  in  the  long 
run  but  mischief  can  ensue." — Rev. 
Derwent  Coieridge's  Letter.  Lond.  9ro. 
1842.  p.  9. 

We  ^ould  not  indeed  think  it  al- 
lowable to  regard  edacation,  in  its  con- 
nection with  the  church,  in  the  mamier 
ia  which  Mr.  Coleridge  regards  it.  We 
tannotcloee  oar  eyes  to  the  complicated 
interesti  involv^  in  the  ouestion  at 
the  present  day ;  and,  while  we  feel 
that  to  individttai  clergymen  a  mea- 
for^  of  liberalitT  ought  to  be  extended 
greater  than  tne  a^e  is  disposed  to 
Alow,  they  yet  ought  to  be  made  to 
iHt  dearly  what  the  demand  of  the 
1^  really  is,  and  not  carefully  to 
•Eroud  themselyes  behind  human  au- 
thority, however  venerable  it  may  look 
in  the  nyitic  robes  of  antiauitj. 
There  is  much  excuse  for  harsnnesft 
ind  aeveritj  of  lan^age  when  it  pro- 
ceeds from  a  people  irritated  by  the 
toerpetual  postponement  of  a  nation*8 
Mat  hope — sound  education.  If  an 
keiieit  Wesieyan  in  a*village,  working 
kurd  in  his  earthly  calling  through  the 
#6cit,  finda  hit  comfort  in  extempore 
iveaipf   prayer    meetinga,   ov   even 


thinks  he  has  a  word  of  exhortation  to 
give,  worthy  of  being  listened  to  b)r  his 
neighbours,  no  church  authority  in 
the  world  wiH  penftuade  either  hiMiwIf 
or  his  hearers  that  he  is  not  unjust^ 
dealt  with,  when  his  own  children  m 
not  permitted  to  share  the  benefiti  of 
the  excellent  village  school,  the  onl^ 
one  probably  at  hand,  because  he  doijli 
not  approve  of  the  church  catechism, 
nor  of  th^ir  attendance  at  the  church 
Sunday  school,  and  consequently  at 
the  church,  the  chapel  of  his  own  Bedt 
standing  ail  the  while  open  for  thtnr 
rec^tion.  We  know  very  vrell  whtrt 
the  cl(myman  has  to  say  on  his  own 
part.  The  case  is  not  so  clear  againit 
nim  as  the  popular  cry  will  have  it 
to  be.  Often,  very  often,  the  cry  of 
conscience  ia  misplaced,  and  irreligioitt 
rather  than  religious  men  are  the  first 
to  raise  it.  We  believe  that  the  clergy- 
man is  sometimes  a  sufferer  from 
apprehensions  of  neglected  Christian 
duty,  when  he  so  far,  as  he  thinks,  re^ 
nounces  the  principle  of  consistencjr 
In  his  ministrations  as  to  admit  of  hn 
outer  and  an  inner  circle  amc^ng  thosb 
who  are  to  be  his  daily  charge.  It  h 
only  doins  a  good  man  justice  to  sa^ 
thus  mu^,  that  a  sacrifice  of  eon- 
science  may  not  be  confounded  with 
a  reluctant  yielding  up  of  power.  W% 
put  ourselves  fcnr  a  few  moments  in 
his  place.  There  is,  he  believes,  pro- 
vided for  him  a  sphere  of  duty,  and  i 
course  of  suggestions  and  explanatorjr 
services  are  prescribed.  The  degree 
in  which  he  may  depart  from  lhes6 
will  be  a  question  in  a  religious  man** 
mind,  not  lightly  to  be  answered.  Th^ 
ecclesiastical  year  with  its  servic^ 
rich  in  memories  of  the  sacred  past^  n 
ever  befbre  him — th6  church  and  thii 
school  are  to  him  parts  of  a  whbl^ 
and  it  is  extremely  difficult,  when  thfl 
is  so,  to  make  the  separation ;  to  Say, 
•*  Here  ift  the  flock  givtin  to  the;  Tier© 
are  chSldreii  whom  I  must  teach  and 
train,  as  best  I  ma^ ;  but  with  Some  I 
must  Suspend  my  function  and  my  in- 
fluence—Christian as  I  wish  it  to  b*^ 
them  I  must  leave,  with  whom  t 
scarcely  know,  in  the  Sabbath  hotltl; 
with  teachers,  perhaps,  who  preaclk 
against  me;  with  idlers,  who  know  OtiH 
that  they  dislike  the  church  and  itl 
ministers;  with  pleadure-loverS^  who 
will  let  their  own  objects  in  opjpoil^ 
tion  to  the  more  sacred  one!  tHucfi  It 


5t2 


National  Education, 


[July. 


is  my  duty  to  present.*'  Cannot  kind- 
hearted  men,  who  plead  so  warmly  for 
the  right  of  the  poor  to  universal  edu- 
cation, yet  feel  a  little  for  the  distress 
of  a  scrupulous  clergyman  in  a  posi- 
tion like  tnis--by  no  means  an  uncom- 
mon one?  We  leave  it  where  we 
have  put  it,  in  the  view  of  whoever 
will  condescend  to  glance  at  it.  Not 
as  a  single  picture,  however,  for  never 
were  we  .more  impressed  than  now 
with  the  dangerous  tendency  of  nar- 
row views  of  the  whole  matter  of  re- 
ligious teaching.  It  has  been  the  pro- 
blem of  ages,  perhaps  more  difficult  to 
solve  than  ever,  how  to  uphold  "  a 
faith  in  spiritual  realities  and  an  Omni- 
present mipd,  in  free  and  living  har- 
mony with  the  irresistible  conclusions 
of  science,  and  the  encroaching  in- 
fluences of  material  wealth."  It  does 
not  seem  to  us  that  we  are  in  any  con- 
dition to  write  down  the  desired  solu- 
tion ;  but  practically  it  is  our  impres- 
sion that  it  may  be  acted  out,  nay, 
that  it  is  so,  in  many  instances,  even 
in  the  church  itself.  The  secret  of  it 
lies  in  the  hearts  and  minds  of  earnest 
men,  who  dwell  habitually  themselves 
among  deep  religious  realities,  and  can 
work  after  the  manner  of  the  present 
time.  They  have  not  so  put  them- 
selves to  school  to  the  middle  ages  as 
that  the  language  of  our  day  is  pro- 
fane to  them.  The  ignorance,  the  evil, 
they  have  to  grapple  with  is  a  more 
palpable  thing  in  their  eyes  than  the 
advancement  of  any  outward  church ; 
and  so  they  go  to  war  heart  and  soul 
with  evil,  and  oflen.  Heaven  be  thanked ! 
do  they  reduce  it  to  the  lowest  pos- 
sible point,  while  others  are  nuestion- 
ing  about  the  kind  of  arms  they  shall 
use,  or  whether  it  is  lawful  to  use  any 
new  weapon,  even  of  the  same  metal 
and  make,  when  an  old  one  is  to  be 
had. 

And  here,  full  in  our  eyes,  stands 
the  Rev.  R.  Dawes,  a  worthy  and 
stalwart  champion  of  education.  A 
vacancy  in  a  cathedral  and  the  worthy 
choice  of  Her  Majesty*s  Ministers 
have  opened  the  way  for  him  to  a 
deanery ;  but  we  still  recur  with 
ffreater  pleasure  to  the  village  of  King's 
Somborne,  as  the  scene  of  his  valued 
ministry.  Much  has  been  said  and 
written  about  the  Rev.  R.  Dawes  and 
Us  schools;  but  not  enough  stress, 
as  we  believe,  has  been  laid  upon  the 


good  sense  and  quick  perception  with 
which  he  has  directed  his  arrows 
home  to  the  actual  dwelling-places 
of  the  people  among  whom  he  has 
laboured.  He  certainly  appears  to 
us  to  have  realised  that  respecting 
which  Mr.  Wordsworth  so  much 
doubted ;  namely,  an  **  harmonious 
co-operation  between  schools  and 
home-influences."  From  an  early  pe- 
riod he  discerned  the  difficulties  of 
which  we  have  spoken,  and  bent  his 
mind  to  something  beyond  the  im- 
provement of  a  school.  That  it  was 
needful  to  watch  carefully  the  school 
itself,  there  could  be  no  doubt ;  and 
he  did  it.  He  took  care  that  intelli- 
gence was  awakened  there,  and  good 
teaching  in  every  department  given. 
Various  were  the  plans,  wisely  and 
kindly  formed,  for  its  improvement. 
Mr.  Dawes's  favourite  idea  was,  that, 
in  providing  a  much  better  school 
than  ordinary  for  the  poor,  he  should 
gradually  draw  in  a  higher  class, 
children  of  the  farmers,  &c.  who 
could  get  no  such  education  else- 
where. Perfect  success  attended  this 
view  and  its  development  in  practice. 
The  wealthier  pupils  of  course  were 
charged  at  a  higher  rate,  and  paid  the 
expenses  of  the  poorer.  Thus  better 
books,  apparatus,  and  teaching  were 
secured  for  all ;  and  we  never  heard 
that  the  lower  grade  was  regarded 
with  less  attention  than  the  higher  in 
the  school  room.  Yet  always,  and 
more  especially  with  regard  to  the 
labouring  poor,  the  question  arose. 
"  Will  this  last  ?  Have  I  inspired 
these  young  people  with  a  desire  for 
private  self-improvement?  Will  they 
go  on  ?  Have  they  acquired  a  habit 
of  working  by  themselves,  of  thinking 
by  themselves  ?"  Such  were  the  ques- 
tions continually  presenting  them- 
selves :  and  they  were  solved  in  that 
simple  practical  manner  in  which  a 
country  clergyman,  when  he  does  open 
his  eves  and  ears  to  the  things  about 
him,  generally  knows  how  to  dispose 
of  his  difficulties. 

He  determined  that  the  school 
should  be  but  a  stepping  stone  to  what 
was  most  important,  and  that  much  of 
its  work  should  be  done  at  home. 
The  young  i>eople,  aided  by  the  cheap- 
ness of  the  Irish  books,  were  ready 
purchasers,  and  carried  home  as  their 
own    property,  not   their   scraps  of 


18$10 


National  Education. 


58 


knowledge  only,  but  materials  upon 
which  to  work. 

The  effect  of  these  measures  was 
soon  manifest.  Children  who  at  first 
had  neither  ink  nor  pen,  &c.  in  their 
cottages  soon  found  means  of  providing 
themselves  with  what  was  necessary 
for  their  exercises.  They  appear  to 
have  fallen  into  the  habit  of  preparing 
for  the  school  as  regularly  as  if  they 
were  carefully  watched  over  by  parents. 
One  girl,  who  takes  care  of  ner  old 
grandfather  and  his  house,  "  the  mo- 
ment her  work  is  done  in  an  evening, 
sits  down  so  cheerfully  and  happily  to 
her  lessons  that  it  is  quite  a  pleasure 
to  see  her,**  says  the  grandfather,  and 
**  I  don*t  think  she  has  been  out  one 
evening  since  she  came  to  me."  An- 
other has  so  far  interested  her  elder 
brother  in  what  she  is  doing  that  lie 
stays  at  home  to  hear  her  read.  An 
old  man  says,  "Why,  sir,  I  have 
learnt  more  from  my  grandchild  than 
ever  I  knew  in  my  life  before."  Proofs 
like  these  of  the  interest  awakened 
could  not  but  show  that  the  plan  was 
the  right  one.  The  great  point  no 
doubt  was  the  purchase  of  books ;  a 
consideration  which  makes  us  well 
understand  the  merits  of  cheapness  in 
80  necessary  an  article. 

Together  with  the  good  things  we 
have  already  recapitulated,  we  must 
advert  to  the  unwearied  pains  taken 
by  Mrs.  Dawes  in  the  female  depart- 
ment of  the  schools — the  needlework 
and  other  branches  of  industrial  train- 
ing. Objections,  as  might  be  expected, 
were  made  by  many  to  the  enlarged 
education  given  at  King*s  Somborne, 
not  on  the  score  of  expense  to  the 
parish  (for  the  poor  were  paid  for  by 
the  richer  scholars),  but  as  interfering 
with  direct  religious  instructicm.  This, 
it  is  contended,  has  not  been  the  case. 
The  Dean  of  Hereford  believes  that 
his  children  were  brought  into  a  far 
more  earnest  understanding  of  the 
Bible  and  its  blessed  truths  through 
the  more  general  cultivation  they  re- 
ceived than  they  would  have  been  by 
its  exclusive  use.  There  are  personal 
considerations  involved  in  this  matter 
which  make  it  a  question  hardly  to  be 


decided  without  a  knowledge  of  the 
agents  employed.  We  ourselves  be- 
lieve that  mere  cultivation  of  intellect 
will  bring  the  pupils  very  little  way 
towards  moral  and  religious  improve- 
ment. He  who  should  deem  that  by  the 
mere  imitative  act  of  setting  children 
tasks  to  do,  and  sending  books,  deemed 
'^useful,"  into  their  cottages,  hearts 
would  be  touched  and  minds  awakened 
to  understand  and  apply  the  greatest, 
of  truths,  would  be,  we  believe,  sadly 
mistaken.  This  were  to  leave  out  the 
higher  element  altogether;  but  what 
we  say  is,  that,  through  the  gentle  and 
vigilant  ministry  of  minds  impressed 
with  devotional  feeling,  and  the  desire 
after  human  brotherhood,  the  village 
school  and  the  village  home  mav  be 
united.  Affectionate  moral  culture 
draws  out  the  better  tendencies  of  our 
nature,  and  a  spirit  of  individual  inter- 
est in  the  highest  truths  often,  if  not 
always,  follows ;  for  if  we  feel,  as  we 
decidedly  do,  that  intellectual  power 
alone  does  not  necessarily  lead  to  any 
high  result,  we  are  no  less  persuaded 
that  high  moral  power  is  sure  to  lead 
to  improved  cultivation  of  the  intellect. 

We  have  no  time  to  say  anything 
minute  of  the  Birkbeck  schools.  Great 
pains  seem  to  be  taken  by  them  to 
promote  accurate  knowledge  on  the 
subject  of  relative  duty — we  should 
fear  the  basis  of  interest  is  made  some- 
what too  prominent,  if  so  it  is  a  serious 
fault.  Yet  we  think  that,  as  there  is 
nothing  in  the  constitution  of  these 
schools  which  forbids  a  genial  teacher 
expanding  the  lesson  of  profit  and 
loss  into  something  more  elevating, 
they  must  be  doing  good.  They  are 
profoundly  right  at  least  in  so  far  as 
they  steadily  maintain  that  a  man*s  or 
woman*s  lot  in  life  depends  far  more 
than  many  are  willing  to  allow  on 
conduct* 

It  ought  surely  to  be  considered  as 
one  of  the  most  cheering  of  all  doc- 
trines that  the  best  men  or  women, 
the  industrious,  faithful,  observing, 
and  intelligent  among  the  working 
classes,  are  almost  always  successful 
in  achieving  some  little  indepentlence. 
The  conviction  of  those  who  carefully 


*  Should  any  reader  of  this  article  wish  for  an  acquaintance  with  the  Lestoni  on 
'*  Social  Science/'  given  at  the  Birkbeck  schools,  he  is  referred  to  a  series  of  little 
books  published  by  Mr.  Ellis,  and  sold  by  Smith  and  Eider.  In  mentioning  Mr. 
Ellis  we  cannot  but  offer  our  tribute  of  sincere  respect  to  cue  of  the  most  iudeL^tigable 
cdocationists  of  the  day. 


S4  Tk0  AuMA  Ckufflaim.  C'^ 

observe  4lia  fMor— ^ther  ss  nuina-  where  tliej  meet  with  hdpinff  liaaiii^ 

fecturert  or  at  large    emplo^eri  of  and  it  is  for  the  true  frteacu  of  the 

j^ealiural  labonrers— inraruibljr  is  people  more  and  more  to  encounige 

thst  where  the  father  and  mother  of  them  thus  to  help  themseires,  to  afibrd 

ft  fkmilj  ara  watchful  of  opportunities,  them  means  of  p;iyiiig  their  cfatldreii  s 

fintj^alf  scrioiiSii  and  weU-discipIined,  healthy  education,  and  to  ttlj  little 

nisfbrtane,  though  it   maj  depress,  upon  anything  but  the  sure  eritcrioii 

does  not  breek  them  down.    Every-  of  improving  habits  aad  charaeter. 


THB  SAXON  CHIEFTAIN; 

WKITTBN  Off  OPXVING  ▲  HAJLOV  OmATp» 

BIarch  7, 1851. 

1. 

Itt  If  erica's  lap  the  Sston  chieftain  sleeps, 

While  she,  the  first,  last  parent  of  ut  all, 
O'er  her  child  bending,  sadly  silent  weeps, 

And  roand  him  wraps  her  rasset  robe  for  palL 
Still  at  his  head  the  festal  goblet  standi. 

Oft  at  the  banquet  quaifed  in  Woden's  name  s 
Still  seeks  the  trenchant  blade  those  nervdess  han^l 

That  bore  it  onne  to  win  a  hero's  fame  ; 
Still  there  the  faithful  shield  once  prompt  to  save  ^"^ 
Alike  all  duird  and  tarnish'd  in  the  grave. 

2. 

Rett,  Saxon,  rest  1  we're  kindred  men  who  wreath 

A  friendly  circle  round  thy  narrow  bed, 
Qase  on  thy  giant-frame,  and  kindly  breathe 

A  pious  requiem  to  the  noble  dead ; 
Though  ages  on  thoir  winged  flight  have  roWd 

Since  on  life's  scene  thou  play'dst  thy  pageant  part. 
Still  sounds  the  Saxon  tongue  as  erst  of  old, 

la  Sason  breasts  still  beats  the  Safon  heart; 
God  bless'd  the  empire-tree  which  thou  didst  plant, 
And  still  wiU  bless,  and  mighty  increase  grant. 

3. 

Hath  He  then  bless'd,  and  shall  we  not  be  bless'd, 

Long  as  we  love  his  soul-illuming  light  ? 
Chosen  of  Him  to  do  his  high  behest. 

Symbols  of  truth  and  Heaven -imparted  might, 
Tu  farihest  earth  the  Saxon  banners  wave, 

Climb  mountain- wilds  and  ride  the  stormy  Seat 
Btnsath  these  folds  no  more  shall  croueh  the  slasa. 

But  walk  erect  in  manly  liberty  1 
Jastiee  snd  Mercy  follow  o'er  the  main. 
With  Pesos  and  Plenty  smiling  in  their  train. 

4. 

Ws  know  the  Truth.     Blind  Pagans  now  ao  metf, 

At  Hertha's  shrine  no  victim  foully  bleeds ; 
ka  forest  glade,  or  on  the  sounding  shore 

No  Woden>orgies  fire  to  sanguine  deedf; — 
Bttt  Hate,  and  Strife,  and  Lust,  have  they  no  Stray 

O'er  Saxon  breasts—has  Hell  no  mastery  ? 
Shall  we  Valhalla  scorn,  and  yet  allay 

Our  taates  on  earth  with  grosser  luxury  ? 

ipek  we  His  heaven  who  died  on  cross  to  save, 
nd  sadder,  wiser,  quit  yon  Saxon  grave.  w^  ||,  t|f , 


M 


NOtBS  OF  THE  MONTH. 

tte  OmU  MbMtkm^-GoBTemiime  at  fke  Maosioft  Hoaae^Lord  Ro«f *|  "r^rliT  lilnliiMa 
fIvAfe  t«  N^rfkumberland  Honaa  aad  to  the  Earl  of  BUcanBert'a—BxhibitiOD  of  Fictiiiw  bf 
Anuttiora— St.  Pttter*a  Cbair ;  tha  Coflc  Inaciiptkm  coajactorcd  to  IwTe  baaa  a  Imu  a<  Hi 
BftroB  OtnoB— Raeent  pabUeationa. 

DvRiNO  the  patt  montk  The  Gkiat 
BStttBiTiow  haa  itill  continoed  to  be  the 
aobjcet  whieh  haa  engroaaed  the  greateat 
diar*  of  pablie  attention.  The  daily  throng 
#f  iriaitors  haa  eiceeded  60,000,  and  new 
objeeta  of  attraction,  unveiled  from  time 
to  time,  hate  maintained  the  intereat  even 
6^  thoae  peraona  who  have  been  Aneqoentera 
from  the  day  of  openine.    London   haa 
probably  never  been  ao  Fall  of  atrangera 
aa  do  ring  the  paat  month,  and  greater 
Bfimbera  atill  are  expected  to  arrive  during 
Jaly.     The  order    and    sood  behaviour 
which  have  diatingniahed  both  Londonera 
and  vtaitora  are  beyond  all  praiae,  and  a 
liberal  hospitality  has  been  ahewn  to  all 
comers.     A  Convbrsazionb  given  bt 
TBK  Lord  Mayor  at  the  Mansion  Honae, 
the  invitatiooa  to  whieh  were  sent  freely 
to  all  the  literary  and  scientific  societies 
of  the  metropolis,  was  a  very  distinguished 
Entertainment,  worthy  of  the  chief  ma- 
giatrate    of    our    great    metropolia.     A 
Rnmber  of  modela  of  ahips  lent  by  the 
Lorda  of  the  Admiralty,  a  very  cartons 
eolleetion  of  ancient  watchea  belonging  to 
Sir  Charlea  Fellows,  and  many  other  ar- 
lielea  of  antiquity  or  curiosity  were  exhi- 
bited on  thia  oceasion.     Lord  Rosse's 
SoiaBB,  on  the  14th  June,  was  honoured 
by  the  presence  of  Prince  Albert,  and  very 
many  tmineot  persona.     All  these  even- 
ings df  the  President  of  the  Royal  Society 
have  paaaed  oiT  with  great  eclAt,  and  have 
been  aniversally  considered  to  be  the  most 
•legBBt  and  liberal  of  the  literary  enter- 
tainmenta  of  the  aeason.    The  Dukb  of 
KoRTBtriiBBRLAND  haa  allowed  visitors 
to  inspect  both  his  mansion  at  Charing 
Cross, — where  are  the  celebrated  St.  Se- 
bnstian  of  Gnereino,  the  Comaro  family 
by  Vandyck,  and  the  girl  with  a  candle, 
a  AuDoos  pietore  by  Schalken, — and  also 
8ion  HoQse,  with  its  few  remains  of  the 
old  monastery  and  ita  beautiful  gardena. 
TsB  Earl  of  Ellbsmbrb  has  thrown 
open  the  gallery  of  his  new  mansion  at 
St.  Jamea's— ^ffordmg  a  rich  treat  to  all 
who  value  pietnrea  of  the  highest  claas  ; 
Haphaela,  TItimna,  Caraccis,  of  the  fineat 
find.     Of  apeeimena  of  other  schools  of 
painting  in  this  collection  it  is  enough  to 
enumerate  a  wonderful    Cuyp,  Vander- 
velde*t   Rising    of   the  Gale,    and  Jan 
Steen's  Schoolmaster.  To  have  seen  these 

SictRret  ilone  is  a  pririlege  of  the  highest 
rte.    1b  the  same  eoileetion  we  may 


remind  our  readora  there  is  now  tbo 
Chandoa  portrait  of  Shakspere,  bought  by 
the  Earl  of  EUesmere  at  Stowa  for  Si$ 
guineaa,  and  liberally  allowed  by  him  to 
be  engraved  by  the  Shakespeare  Society. 

Theae  aod  other  free  exhibitions  of  the 
highest  order  have  drawn  off  a  good  maay 
of  the  viaitora  from  the  more  cuitomary 
sights  of  the  London  season.  The  Exhi- 
bition of  the  Rojral  Academy,  iu  spite  of 
Maclise's  Caxtoo,  and  Londaoer^s  sploR- 
dours,  and  the  oddities  of  the  Mo- 
diaevaliata,  was,  for  a  time,  comparatively 
unfrequented.  The  collection  in  Suffolk 
Street,  although  better  worth  notice  than 
uaual,  was  nearly  deaerted  ;  and  the 
Painters  in  Water  Colours,  both  the  OM 
and  the  New  Societies,  began  to  fear  that 
the  tide  of  favour  wal  receding  from  tbeoi. 
All  this  we  fancy  has  paased  away,  for  wb 
rejoice  to  aee  that  the  walla  of  those  OB- 
hibitions  on  which  pictures  are  marked  ■§ 
'*  Sold,"  bear  witneaa  that  the  publio  hoi 
not  forgotten  their  old  favouritea. 

Among  new  picture  Exhibitiqnb  we 
ought  to  mention  one  in  Pall  Mall,  bt 
Amatburs.  We  miss  the  mature  rich- 
ness of  tone  which  we  are  aecnstomed  to 
see  on  the  walla  of  the  Exhibition  of  the 
elder  Water  Colour  Society,  and  there  is 
no  brilliancy  and  truth  combined  whidi 
may  compare  with  that  of  the  modem 
Flora,  Mrs.  Margetts,  at  the  New  Soeisty  ; 
but  many  of  the  pictarea  are  very  ex- 
cellent, and  those  of  Mias  Blake  are  in  the 
highest  degree  admirable  for  truth,  com- 
pleteness, and  delicacy.  The  deaigo  of 
this  exhibition,  which  has  been  very  hastily 
got  up,  is  worthy  of  all  encouragement. 

The  Society  of  Antiquaries  brought  iti 
session  to  a  close  on  the  19th  June,  aad 
the  members  of  the  Arcbseoiogieal  Socie- 
ties are  busy  preparing  for  their  anuRal 
congress  ;  that  of  the  Association  will 
take  place  at  Derby,  under  the  presidooiy 
of  Sir  Oswald  Mosley;  that  of  the  In- 
stitute at  Bristol,  John  Scandret  Harford, 
esq.  president. 

Our  venerable  correspondent  at  Cork 
has  sent  us  the  following  suggested  os- 
planation  of  the  pleasant  story  told  by 
Lady  Morgan  respecting  the  inacriptioo 
on  St.  Pbtbr'b  Chair.  We  print  the 
letter  aa  we  have  received  it,  premising 
only  that  if  our  oorreapondent'a  sugges- 
tion were  deemed  adn&iaaible,  the  genuine- 
nose  of  the  chair  would  Rot  bo  thoroby 


66 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[July, 


established.    That  is  quite  another  ques- 
tion. 

**  Mr.  Urban, — In  reference  to  the 
article  on  the  '  Legend  of  St.  Peter's 
Chair '  at  p.  <590,  &c.  of  this  month's 
Magazine,  I  beg  to  submit  a  few  cursory 
observations  : — 

'*  The  inscription  is  stated   by   Lady 
Morgan  to  have  been  represented  to  her  as 
being  in  a  Cufic  character, by  Baron  Denon, 
and  in  presence  of  the  learned  Champol- 
lion,— the  great  hieroglyphic  decypherer, 
I  presume.     But,  in  place  of  any  analogy 
to  the  apostle,  it  is  said  to  express  the 
Mahometan  confession  of  faith — *  There 
is  no  God  but  one,  and  Mahomet  is  his 
prophet.'     In  the  first  place,  it  is  fair  to 
remark  that  neither  of  those  learned  men 
spoke   from   personal  knowledge  or  in- 
spection, but  from  a  copy  said  to  have 
been  taken  of  the  subject— how  correctly 
they  could  not   have  ascertained;  but  I 
will  at  once  assert  my  conviction  that  the 
whole  (the  interpretation  I  mean)  was  a 
hoax  practised  by  the  facetious  baron  on 
the  too  inquisitive  lady,  who  as  easily  be- 
lieved as  she  pleasurably  dealt  in  fiction. 
The  old  Baron  was  a  great  wag,  as  his 
acquaintances,  and  indeed  the  public,  well 
knew.       His  first  literary  production,  a 
comedy,  entitled  '  Julie,  ou  le  Bon  Pere,* 
proves  how  fondly  he  indulged  his  natural 
oumour,and  so  he  continued  to  do  through- 
out  life,   more   especially    delighting    to 
mystify,  as  he  called  it,  teazingly  ques- 
tioning travellers,  but,  above  all,  choosing 
for  the  victims  of  his  sport,  ladies  pre- 
paring their  travels  for  the  press — blue- 
stocking writers  occasionally  anxious  to 
astonish  the  world  with  something  new. 
I  speak  here  of  the  Baron  from  some  direct 
knowledge,  and  of  his  care,  on  such  oc- 
casions, to  be  seemingly  supported  by  a 
reference  to,  or  rather  by  the  non-contra- 
diction of  a  competent  friend,  as  in  this 
instance  by  Champollion,  who,  as  above 
mentioned,   had    not    seen   this  original 
inscription,  for  he  did   not  visit  Rome 
until  18V5,  several  years  after  this  inter- 
view.    I  had  a  passing  intercourse  with 
this  highly-gifted  gentleman,  and  feel  as- 
sured that  if  he  did  appear  to  confirm  the 
Barou's   story  it  was  to  gratify  his   old 
friend's  bantering  habit,  which  the  Baron 
could    scarcely    control.      '  L'esprit   de 
Denon  le  portait  k  des  pareils  oublis  du 
ton  s^rieux  que  convenait  k  sa  position," 
lays  bis  biographer.     When  secretary  to 
the   French   ambassador  at  Naples  and 
elsewhere,  he   repeatedly  incurred  sharp 
reprimands  for  the  communication  of  lu- 
dicrous or  scandalous  anecdotes   rather 
tlian  what  more  properly  belonged  to  his 
station.     A  moment's  reflection   would 
have  satisfied  Lady  Morgan  that  he  was 
7 


merely  quizzing  her ;  for,  if  he  wished 
to  colour  his  story  with  any  semblance  of 
truth,  he  certainly  would  not  have  had 
recourse  to  so  improbable  a  fiction  as  the 
Mahometan  symbol  of  faith  when  some- 
thing of  a  more  Christian  character  might 
have  been  of  as  easy  invention ;  but  he 
saw  that  he  had  a  facile  dupe  to  deal  with, 
who  possibly  importuned  him  with  her  in- 
quiries, as  she  certainly  did  many  others, 
and  he  played  on  her  credulity  in  return. 

**  Her  ladyship's  letter  to  the  cardinal 
exposes  her,  it  will  be  seen,  to  some  other 
pointed  remarks.     'The  funeral  sermon,' 
she  says,  '  of  the  Princess  (Indian  Begum 
Dyce   Sombre)    was    preached   by   your 
eminence  when  a  bishop,  with  an  earnest 
eloquence,  which  recalled  the  ^loges  fune- 
bres  of  the  Bossuets  and  Massillons  over 
the  biers  of  the  La  Vallieresand  other  fair 
penitents  of  the  court  of  Louis  XIV.' 
Now,   in   vindication   of    truth,   and    in 
justice  to  these  distinguished  personages, 
it  should  be  stated  that  it  is  an  incon- 
testible  fact,  that  neither  of  them  ever 
pronounced  the  funeral  oration  of  any 
of   that   sovereign's  favourites,    nor   did 
any  other  ecclesiastic.      Bossuet's  death 
preceded  that  of  Madame  de  la  Valli^re 
by  six  years,  from   1704    to  1710;  and 
Massillon,  then  addressing  Louis  in   the 
energetic  tone  and  language  of  Christian 
morality,  as  his  sermons  of  the  period  de- 
monstrate, did  not  and  could  not  so  betray 
his  duty.    Besides,  as  Louise  de  la  Valli^re 
had  become  a  nun,  it  would  have  been  con- 
trary to  rule,  for  that  mortuary  tribute  is 
never  paid  to  a  recluse,  except,  possibly, 
on  beatification — here  not  the  case.  A^ain, 
Lady    Morgan    writes — *  The    spirit    of 
movement  which  armed  the  always  restive 
Gallican  church,  and  called  forth  the  wit 
and  philosophy  of  monastic  seclusion  to 
enlighten  and  delight  the  world,  by  the 
Lettres  Provinciales,  aj^ainst  the  bull  Uni- 
-genitus,'   &c.     Here  I   must  indicate  a 
signal  anachronism  ;  for  the  first  of  the 
provincial  Letters  was  dated  23rd  of  Janu- 
ary, 1656,   and  the  eighteenth,  or  last, 
was  written  on  the  34th  of  March,  1657, 
while  their  author,  Pascal,  ceased  to  live 
the  I9tb  of  April.  1663  ;  that  is,  fifty-one 
years  before  the  bull  Unigenitus  was  pro- 
mulgated or  existed,  which  was  not  till 
1713  ;  nor  was  it  acknowledged  in  France 
till  the   following  year,    as  we   find   in 
Renault's  History  under  that  date,  and  in 
all  other  records.    These  blunders  abund- 
antly show  what  confidence  is  to  be  re- 
pos(Ki  in  the  fanciful  lady's  narrative  of 
what  she  saw,  read,  or  heard. 

"  The  street  in  Paris  where  Lady  Mor« 
can's  credulity  was  thus  worked  on  is  La 
Rue  dn  Helder,  not  de  Helder,  so  called 
after  the  defeat  there,  and  capitolation  of 


1851.] 


Notes  of  the  Month, 


57 


assuredly  the  personally  brave,  but  mili- 
tarily the  iocompetent,  Duke  of  York,  to 
General  firune  in  1799. 

*'  Youn,  &c.         J\MES  Roche.*' 

The  publishing  trade  has  not  been  yery 
active  of  late»  but  there  are  some  few  im- 
portant new  historical  books  which  we 
shall  next  month  bring  before  our  readers. 
Sir  Francis  Palgrave's  History  of  Nor- 
mandy, vol.  i.  and  Foss's  Judges  of  Eng- 
land, vols.  iii.  and  iv.  are  among  them. 

Amongst  works  which  do  not  come 
within  our  ordinary  scope  we  may  notice 

Tht  Exposition  o/"  1851 ;  or,  Vietos  of 
the  Industry ^  Science,  and  Government  of 
England.  By  Charles  Babbaye,  esq.  8ro. 
Murray,  1851. — An  excellent  and  plain- 
spoken  volume,  touching  upon  many  things 
besides  the  Great  Exhibition.  It  is  written 
with  spirit  and  freedom,  and  is  especially 
useful  as  directing  attention  in  a  very 
masterly  way  to  the  present  position  of 
science  and  men  of  science  in  England. 
The  title-page  gives  no  indication  of  the 
contents,  but  the  name  of  the  author  is  a 
guarantee  that  whatever  is  touched  upon 
is  treated  with  minute  practical  knowledge 
and  perfect  fearlessness. 

The  Great  Exhibition  PHze  Essay,  by 
the  Rev.  J.  C,  Whish,  M.A,  8po.  Lond, 
1851. — A  prize  of  one  hundred  guineas 
having  been  offered  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Emerton,  of  Han  well  College,  Middlesex, 
for  the  best  Essay  on  the  Moral  Advant- 
ages to  be  derived  from  the  Union  of  all 
Nations  at  the  Great  Exhibition,  the 
present  composition  was  adjudged  to  be 
the  best.  Dr.  Emerton  has  also  pub- 
lished A  Moral  and  Religious  Guide  to 
the  Great  Exhibition,  8oo.  Lond.  1851. 
This  consists  of  suggestions  of  the  writers 
for  the  Prize  Essay,  and  information  re- 
specting the  additional  means  provided  for 
religious  instruction  during  the  Exhibition. 

A  Hymn  for  all  Nations,  1851,  d^  If. 
F,  TuypcTf  D.C.L,  translated  into  Thirty 
Languages^  and  set  to  Music  by  S.  Se- 
bastian Wesley,  Mus.  Doc.  dvo.  Lond, 
1851. — ^This  singular  work  ought  to  be 
printed  by  subscription,  and  a  copy  given 
to  every  visitor  of  the  Exhibition.  The 
hymn  i^  simple,  hearty,  and  appropriate. 
It  is  translated  into  Hebrew,  Sanscrit, 
Arabic,  Chinese,  Persian,  Turkish,  Hin- 
dostanee,  Ancient  Greek,  Latin,  Welsh, 
Irish,  Gaelic,  Romaic,  German,  Polish, 
Swedish,  Norse,  Danish,  Spanish,  Dutch, 
French,  Italian,  Manx,  and  Ojibway. 
In  number  these  languages  do  not  quite 
equal  the  promise  of  the  title-page,  but 
they  constitute  a  goodly  show,  and  there 
are  generally  two  or  three  versions  into 
every  language. 

The  SpirU  of  the  World,  and  the 
Spirit  wldeh  is  of  God.    A  Sermon,  by 

Gekt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


John  Jackson,  M.A.  Rector  qfSt.  James's* 
13mo.  Skeffington.  1851. — An  earnest, 
practical  address  to  persons  recently  con- 
firmed. Nothing  can  be  more  solemn  or 
more  suitable. 

Lights  on  the  Altar  not  in  use  in 
the  Church  qf  England  by  authority  tf 
Parliament  in  the  2nd  year  qf  the  reign 
of  King  Edward  VI.  with  remarks  upon 
conformity.  By  the  Rev.  T.  S.  L.  Vogan, 
M.A.  Svo.  Riving toms.  1851. — Lights  on 
the  Altar  are  **  universally  supposed," 
says  this  writer,  to  be  justified  by  some 
act  of  Parliament  which  ratified  the  In- 
junctions of  the  1st  of  Edward  VI.  Those 
Injunctions  permitted  the  use  of  altar- 
lights  ;  if  these  Injunctions  were  ratified 
by  act  of  Parliament,  then  the  use  of  such 
lights  is  brought  within  the  scope  of  the 
Rubric  before  the  order  of  Morning  Prayer, 
which  directs  that  ornaments  in  use  in  the 
church  by  the  authority  of  Parliament  in 
2nd  Edward  VI.  are  to  be  retained.  Until 
lately  the  writer  partook  of  this  universal 
supposition.  But  upon  investigation  he 
finds  that  there  is  no  such  act  of  Parlia- 
ment, that  the  Injunctions  never  were  con- 
firmed by  authority  of  Parliament,  and 
consequently  that  there  is  not  even  a  rubri- 
cal justification  for  the  use  of  altar-lights. 
This  is  an  argument  which  will  at  this 
time  have  weight  with  many  minds,  and 
we  therefore  recommend  the  Bampton 
Lecturer*s  pamphlet  to  serious  and  gene- 
ral consideration. 

The  Old  Paths.  Readings  founded  on 
the  first  five  Homilies,  and  on  the  Homily 
qf  Repentance.  Edited  by  a  Layman. 
Umo.  Rivingtons.  1851.— In  this  little 
book  the  Homilies  alluded  to  in  the  title- 
page  are  condensed  and  modernised.  The 
passages  also  in  those  venerable  formu- 
laries in  which  the  Church  of  Rome  is  re- 
buked with  severity  are  omitted,  as  no 
longer  necessary. 

A  Treatise  on  Moral  Evidences ;  t7/ii«- 
trated  by  numerous  Examples  both  qf 
general  Principles  and  ofsped/le  Actions. 
By  Edward  Arthur  Smedley,  M.A.  8oo. 
Cambridge,  1850. — ^This  treatiae  relates  to 
the  highest  object  of  consideration  which 
can  be  presented  to  the  mind  of  man :  the 
character,  namely,  of  that  evidence  upon 
which  it  may  be  concluded  that  God  and 
man  really  stand  in  that  relationship  to- 
wards each  other  which  Christianity  de- 
clares. Whether  regarded  theologically 
or  philosophically  no  more  interesting  or 
more  important  question  can  be  conceived 
— none  which  it  becomes  a  rational  man 
to  consider  with  greater  earnestness  and 
anxiety.  The  question  is  one  on  which, 
apart  from  the  consideration  of  the  pai*- 
ticular  evidence  for  Christianity,  we  can 
only  arrive  at  a  high  degree  of  probabilitv. 


58 


MiaeeUaneous  Reviews. 


[July, 


What  the  oatnre  of  that  prohability  U» 
and  by  what  steps  it  may  be  arrived  at, 
are  questions  considered  by  the  present 
writer  with  jAilosopbic  and  argmnentatite 
calmDess,  with  logical  precision,  and  the 
utmost  candonr.  We  heartily  recom- 
mend his  Tolome. 

Zogiefor  the  Millimt ;  a  familiar  Bx* 
posUion  qf  the  Art  qf  Reasoning.  By  a 
Ft^tUitD  of  the  Royal  Society,  8ro.  Lon^'^ 
mans]  1851. — The  examples  selected  in 
dbis  Yolome  makcf  it  a  book  of  amusement. 
Everything  that  \he  author  haa  lately  read, 
dbwn  even  to  Mrs.  Candle  and  George 
Robins,  has  been  laid  nnder  contribution 
to  furnish  illustration  of  the  many  varieties 
of  reasoning — good  and  bad.  The  result 
a  to  impart  an  air  of  freshneav  to  the 
book,  and  to  exhibit  the  applicability  of 
tiie  art  of  which  it  treats  to  the  evexy-daiy 
business  of  life.  And  this  is  «^»edaU^ 
tiie  ease,  beksause  hi  thitf  inttmee  the  ex* 


amplea  are  the  most  important  part  of 
the  book.  This  method  may  probably 
tend  to  fix  something  in  the  mind  of  the 
reader,  but  whether  the  something  fixed 
will  be  the  contents  of  the  extract  or  its 
application  to  the  art  of  reasoning  may  be 
doubtful. 

The  Laws  qf  Health  in  relation  to  Mind 
and  Body;  a  series  of  Letters  Jrom  on 
old  Practitioner  to  a  Patient,  By  Lionet 
John  Beale,  M.R,C.8,  Svo,  ChurchiU, 
1851. — A  book  containing  much  senaible 
advice  upon  important  subjects,  expressed 
in  simple  language,  without  pretence  or 
quackery. 

Peter  Little  and  the  Lucky  Sixpence  t 
the  Frog*s  Lecture;  and  other  Stories. 
A  verte-ttook  for  my  children  and  their 
playmates,  Svo,  Ridgway,  1851. — Sim]^ 
full  of  kindness,  elegantly  printed,  and 
price  one  dulling — need  we  say  more  ? 


MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Conversations  qf  Goethe  with  Eckermann 
and  Sorei,     Tranelaledfrom  the  German 
dy  John  Oxenford.  2  vols,  London,  1850. 
— It  is  now  nearly,  twenty  years  since  the 
veteran  poet  and  philosopher  of  Weimar 
breathed  his  last     For  more  than  half  a 
century  he  had  occupied  the  most  promi- 
nent position  in  European  literature.     lie 
had  ushered  in,  and  he  witnessed  through- 
out, that  wonderful  sera  of  German  pro- 
ductiveness, in  poetry,    philosophy,   and 
the  arts,  of  which  a  great  part  was  him- 
self— the  sera  of  Schiller  and  Jean  Paul, 
the  sera  of  Kant,  of  Humboldt,  and  of 
Kiebuhr,   the  sera  of  Beethoven   and  of 
Mozart — a  period  which  can  be  compared 
only  with  the  age  of  Pericles  or  of  Eli- 
xabeth*    Long  before  the  French  Revolu- 
tion, at  a   time  when  Voltaire  reigned 
supreme  over  the  intellect  of  France  and 
Oermany,  Werther  and  Goetz  von  Ber- 
Ucbingen  had  carried  the  name  of  Goethe 
into    every  civilised  country,    and    had 
lown  the  seeds  of  so  much  that  was  trans- 
itory, and  also  of  so  much  that  has  been 
permanent,  in  the  literature  of  Europe.  It 
vs  impossible  at  the  present  time  to  esti- 
mate  fully  the  influence  which  Goethe 
exercised  over  the  minds  of  bis  age.    We 
•ee  enough   to  assure  us    that  we  can 
Ifeearcely  attribute  too  much  to  it.    The 
'originsJity  and  force  which  characterised 
the  literature  and  poetry  of  France  during 
the  first  thirty  years  of  this  century  were 
confessedly  dne  to  a  German  impetus,  and 
appear  to  have  scarcely  survived  the  great 
German  master.    The  taste  for  the  extra- 


ordinary  and  horrible,  originally  derived 
from  Germany,  but  carried  to  an  extreme 
in  France  by  the  force  of  reaction  against 
the  coldness  of  their  classic  models,  at 
first  stimulated,  and  has  since  paralysed, 
the  productiveness  of  the  imaginative 
portion  of  their  literature.  We  trust  that 
the  more  healthy  condition  which  Goethe 
himself  anticipated  as  the  consequence  of 
the  present  ultra-romantic  epoch  is  not 
far  distant.  In  England,  our  best  minds 
confessed  their  obligations  to  the  greatest 
of  European  models,  and  Scott  and  Byron 
borrowed  from  him  without  scruple  some 
of  their  most  striking  characters.  It  was 
Goethe's  extraordinary  fortune  to  receive 
the  homage  of  the  master  spirits  of  every 
country,  who  had  owed  their  first  inspira- 
tions to  his  genius,  and,  after  surviving 
not  only  his  contemporaries  but  his  scho> 
lars,  to  maintain  the  character  of  poet 
and  author  to  the  last.  It  was  in  1774 
that  Werther  first  dazzled  the  imagination 
of  Europe.  In  1830  we  find  him  still 
occupied  in  rewriting  Meister*s  Wande- 
jahre,  and  in  composing  the  second  part 
of  Faust. 

During  the  calm  but  busy  years  which 
immediately  preceded  his  decease,  Goethe 
was  engaged  in  preparing  for  the  presa  a 
complete  edition  of  his  works.  To  assist 
him  in  the  task  of  arrangement  and  re- 
vision, he  invited  to  Weimar  John  Peter 
Eckermann,  a  young  Hanoverian,  whote 
companionship  and  aid  soon  became  im- 
portant and  almost  indispensable  to  the  aged 
poet,  and  who  after  his  death  became  dIs 


1851.] 


Miacellaneous  Reviews. 


59 


"Mtewry  executor.    Bckennana's  inUmmcy 
begJAn  in  the  yew  1823,  and  from   that 
period    antil    Goethe's    death,  jwith   but 
little  iDtermission,  he  had  almoat  daily  op- 
portimities  of  enjoying  in  familiar  inter- 
epurse  the  results  of  j|us  genius  and  expe- 
rience.   The   conTersation  of  the   most 
9^hlj-gifted  of  mankind  has  the  advan- 
l^ljge  in  freshness  and  brilliancy  over  their 
Bore  meditated  productions.    The  Table- 
talk  of  Lather  and  the  Life  of  Johnson  find 
.4  much  more .  numerous  class  of  readers 
than  the  works  of  either  of  the  men  whose 
presence  animates  those  books.     But  the 
seed  most  fall  into  a  fitting  soil.     It  is 
one  of  PascaPs   truest  thoughts :     ''A 
mesure  qu'on  a  plus  d^esprit  on  trouve 
qu*il  y  a  plus   d'hommes  originaux;  les 
jgens  ciu  commun  ne  trouvent  pas  de  dif- 
ference entre  les  hommes."     The  task  of 
rieporting  conversations  demands  a  mind 
at   once     retentive     and    discriminating. 
We  cannot  but  consider  it  a  fortunate 
thing  for  the  world  that  Groethe  had  near 
bim  a  man  so  capable  as  the  author  of  the 
Conversations  before  us,  of  appreciating 
.-and  preserving  the  calm,  ripe  wisdom  of 
:iits  latter  years.     Eokermann's  editorial 
•occupation  gave  him  frequent  occasions  of 
•  iKscussing  with  the  great  author  the  occa- 
sion, meaning,  and  tendency  of  his  various 
works,  and  many  interesting  notes  upon 
this  subject  are  here  preserved.    The  in- 
tention of  publishing  this  record  of  his 
Conversations  does   not  appear   to  have 
been  communicated  to  Goethe  until  1830, 
when  it  met   with   his  entire   approval. 
'*  Its  value  will  be  increased,*'  he  writes 
to  the  author,  "  if  I  can  attest  that  it  is 
conceived  perfectly  in  my  spirit*'     The 
chief  part  of  the  work  appeared  in  Ger- 
many in  1836;    a  supplemental  volume 
partly  from  M.  Soret  s  notes  was  added 
in  1848. 

The  following  remark,  uttered  by 
Goethe  in  his  eighty-second  year,  may 
serve  at  once  to  illustrate  the  depth  and 
vigour  of  his  thoughts,  and  his  freedom 
from  the  intellectn^  foibles  of  age. 

"  People  always  fancy,"  said  he,  laugh- 
ing, "  that  we  must  become  old  to  become 
wise ;  but  in  truth  as  years  advance  it  is 
bard  to  keep  ourselves  as  wise  as  we  were. 
Man  becomes,  indeed,  in  the  different 
stages  of  his  life  a  different  being ;  but  he 
cannot  say  that  he  is  a  better  one,  and  in 
certain  matters  he  is  as  likely  to  be  right 
ik|  his  twentieth  as  in  his  sixtieth  year. 
We  see  the  world  one  way  from  a  plain, 
another  way  from  the  heights  of  a  promon- 
tory, another  from  the  glacier  fields  of 
the  primary  mountains.  We  see  from 
one  of  these  points  a  larger  piece  of  world 
iftan  Jirom  the  other ;  but  that  is  all,  and 


we  cannot   say  that  we  see   more,  irtdy 
from  any  one  than  from  the  rest." 

.The  versatility  .and  coaprehensivtBess 
(trieheiiiffkeii)  of  Goethe'e  miiid  has  been 
the  subject  of  frequent  ^uloginm.  We 
could  find  no  more  pleasing  proof  of  his 
true  catholicity  of  spirit,  than  in  the  dis- 
criminating kindness  with  which  he  fre- 
quently refers  to  his  own  obligatioda,  as 
well  as  those  of  his  age,  to  his  literary 
contemporaries.  Of  Schiller  we  hear,as 
we  alight  expeet,  most  frequently.  -Tile 
touching  interest  of  the  following  note 
of  a  visit  to  Jena  in  1827  cannot  be  sur- 
passed. 

"  We  went  down  into  the  garden,  where 
Goethe  had  caused  a  little  breakfast  to  be 
laid  ont  upon  a  stone  table  in  an  arbour. 

*  1^  on  scarcely  know,'  said  Goetiie,  *' in 
what  a  remarkable  place  we  are  now 
seated.  Here  it  was  that  Schiller  dwelt. 
In  this  arbour,  upon  these  benches,  which 
are  now  almost  broken,  we  have  often  sat 
at  this  old  stone  table,  and  exchanged 
many  good  and  great  words.  He  was  then 
in  the  thirties,  1  in  the  forties ;  both  were 
fall  of  aspirations,  and  indeed  it  was  some- 
thing. £very  thing  passes  away  ;  I  am 
no  more  what  I  was ;  but  the  old  earth 
still  remains,  and  air,  water,  and  land,  are 
still  the  same." 

After  Schiller  there  is  no  one  more  fre- 
quently discussed  than  Byron. 

''  The  English,"  said  he,  "  may  think 
of  Byron  as  they  please ;  but  this  is  oer^ 
tain,  they  can  show  no  poet  who  is  to  be 
compared  to  him.  He  is  different  from 
all  the  others,  and  for  the  most  part 
greater." 

A  few  days  afterwards : 

'*  I  have,'*  said  he,  read  onoe  more  his 

*  Deformed  Transformed,'  and  must  say 
that  to  me  his  talent  appears  greater  than 
ever.  His  devil  was  suggested  by  my 
Mephistophiles ;  but  it  is  no  imitation ; 
it  is  thoroughly  new  and  original,  close, 
genuine  and  spirited.  There  are  no  weak 
passages,  not  a  place  where  you  could  pal 
the  head  of  a  pin,  where  you  do  not  find 
invention  and  thought.  Were  it  not  for 
his  hypochondriacal,  negative  turn,  he 
would  be  as  great  as  Shakspeare  and  the 
ancients."     I  expressed  surprise. 

"  Yes,"  said  Goethe,  "  you  may  be» 
lieve  me.  I  have  studied  him  anew,  and 
am  confirmed  in  this  opinion." 

At  another  time  he  expresses  a  wiSli 
that  Schiller  had  lived  to  know  Lord 
Byron's  works,  and  "  wonders  what.bs 
would  have  said  to  so  congenial  a  muML*^. 
We  can  easily  conceive,  that  Byron  woldd 
not  have  occupied  so  <higk,  a  pUce  m 
Schiller's  estiination  as  .  in  >  thai  cf 
Goethe,    The  latter  however  finds  more 


60 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[July, 


than  one  occasion  to  point  ont  his  de- 
fects. 

**  His  perpetual  negation  and  fault- 
finding is  injnrions  even  to  his  excellent 
works.  For  not  only  does  the  discontent 
of  the  poet  faifect  the  reader,  hut  the  end 
of  all  opposition  is  negation  ;  and  ne- 
gation is  nothing.  If  I  call  bad  bad  what 
do  I  gain  ?  But  if  I  call  good  bad,  I  do  a 
great  deal  of  mischief.  He  who  will  work 
aright  must  never  rail,  mnst  not  trouble 
himself  at  all  about  what  is  ill  done,  but 
only  do  well  himself.  For  the  great  point 
is  not  to  pull  down  but  to  buUd  up,  and 
in  this  humanity  finds  pure  joy." 

But  the  most  interesting  part  of 
Goethe's  conversations  must  always  be 
that  which  illustrates  his  own  character 
and  development,  the  objects  which  he 
proposed  to  himself  in  his  literary  career, 
and  the  expectations  which  he  entertained 
on  the  subjects  which  were  ever  the  nearest 
to  his  thoughts,  the  progress  of  mental 
cultivation  in  his  own  country,  and  the 
general  advancement  of  the  race.  The 
field  in  which  his  genius  first  found  scope, 
and  attained  its  acknowledged  preemi- 
nence, and  the  change  which  has  since 
come  over  the  literary  world  in  Germany, 
is  thus  described  : — 

"  That  was  a  good  time  when  Merck 
and  I  were  young!  German  literature 
was  yet  a  clean  tablet,  upon  which  one 
hoped  to  paint  good  things  with  pleasure. 
Now  it  is  so  scribbled  over  and  soiled, 
that  there  is  no  pleasure  in  looking  at  it, 
and  a  wise  man  does  not  know  where- 
abouts he  can  inscribe  anything." 

At  another  time  be  expressed  himself 
more  prosaically  and  perhaps  more  justly 
on  the  same  subject. 

**  Germany  itself  stands  so  high  in 
every  department,  that  we  can  scarcely 
survey  all  it  has  done  ;  and  now  we  must 
be  Greeks  and  Latins  and  English  and 
French  into  the  bargain." 

The  following  advice  given  to  Ecker- 
mann  in  1824  exhibits  Goethe's  estima- 
tion of  English  literature. 

"  You  studied  the  ancient  languages 
but  little  in  your  youth  ;  therefore  seek  a 
stronghold  in  the  literature  of  so  able  a 
nation  as  the  Engluh.  And  besides,  our 
own  literature  is  chiefly  the  offspring  of 
theirs.  Whence  have  we  our  novels,  our 
tragedies,  but  from  Goldsmith.  Fielding, 
and  Shakspeare  ?  And  in  our  own  day, 
where  will  you  find  in  Germany  three 
literary  heroes,  who  can  be  placed  on  a 
level  with  Lord  Byron,  Moore,  and  Walter 
Scott?'" 

Goethe  did  not  conceal  his  conscious- 
nets  of  his  own  high  position.  The  fol- 
lowing remark  introdnoef    ns   to  some 


literary  rivalry.  It  is  made  with  refer- 
ence to  the  Schlegels  having  set  up  Tieck 
in  opposition  to  the  grand  Napoleon  of 
the  realms  of  rhyme. 

*'  Tieck  is  a  talent  of  great  importance, 
and  no  one  can  be  more  sensible  than  my- 
self to  his  extraordinary  merits;  only  when 
they  raise  him  above  himself,  and  place 
him  on  a  level  with  me,  they  are  in  error. 
I  can  speak  this  out  plainly ;  it  matters 
nothing  to  me,  for  I  did  not  make  myself. 
I  might  just  as  well  compare  myself  to 
Shakspeare,  who  is  a  being  of  a  higher 
order,  to  whom  I  must  look  up  with 
reverence." 

Wilhelm  Schlegel's  criticism  of  Euri- 
pides meets  with  the  following  censure. 

'*  I  do  not  deny  that  Euripides  has  his 
faults;  but  he  was  always  a  very  re- 
spectable competitor  with  Sophocles  and 
^schylus.  If  he  did  not  possess  the  great 
earnestness  and  the  severe  artistic  com- 
pleteness of  his  two  predecessors,  and  as 
a  dramatic  poet  treated  things  a  little  more 
leniently  and  humanely,  he  probably  knew 
the  Athenians  well  enough  to  be  aware 
that  the  chord  which  he  struck  was  the 
right  one  for  his  contemporaries.  A  poet 
whom  Socrates  called  his  friend,  whom 
Aristotle  lauded,  whom  Menander  ad- 
mired, and  for  whom  Sophocles  and  the 
city  of  Athens  put  on  mourning  on  hearing 
of  his  death,  must  certainly  have  been 
something.  If  a  modem  man  like  Schle- 
gel  must  pick  out  faults  in  so  great  an 
ancient,  he  ought  only  to  do  it  on  his 
knees." 

One  of  the  most  distinguishing  traits 
of  Goethe's  genius  was  what  the  (rermans 
call  objectivity  (objectivitllt),  the  faculty 
of  reflecting  objects,  whether  external  or 
derived  from  internal  experience,  without 
investing  them  with  any  peculiarity  bor- 
rowed from  the  individual  mind,  the  same 
freedom  from  consciousness  and  manner- 
ism which,  above  all  its  excellences,  cha- 
racterizes the  poetry  of  Shakspere.  In  this 
quality  resides  the  charm  of  much  that 
Goethe  wrote,  in  which,  without  betraying 
himself,  he  makes  use  of  his  own  past  expe- 
rience and  feelings  as  materials  for  poetry. 
**  The  world  is  so  great  and  rich,"  he 
says  to  Eckermann,  **  that  you  can  never 
want  occasions  for  poems.  But  they 
must  be  occasional  poems,  that  is,  reality 
mnst  give  both  impulse  and  material  for 
their  production.  A  particular  case  be- 
comes universal  and  poetic  by  the  very 
circumstance  that  it  is  treated  by  a  poet. 
All  my  poems  are  occasional  poems,  sug- 
gested by  real  life,  and  having  therein  a 
finn  foundation.  I  attach  no  value  to 
Ipoeros  snatched  out  of  the  air." 
The  Bsme  thought  is  happily  expressed 


185L] 


Mucellaneout  Reviews. 


61 


in  the  lines  which  he   prefixed   to    his 
smaller  poemi : 

**  Was  ich  irrte,  was  ich  strehte, 
Was  ich  litt,  und  was  ich  lebte, 
Sind  hier  Blumen  nor  im  Strauss  ; 
Und  das  Alter  wie  die  Jngend, 
Und  die  Fehler  wie  die  Tagend 
Nimmt  sich  gnt  in  lieder  ans." 

The  name  which  he  inscribed  on  his 
autobiography  snggests  the  same  view  of 
the  poet's  life,-—"  Dichtung  und  Wahr- 
heit,"  upon  which  title  Eckermann  re- 
ports the  following  remark,  which  appears 
to  savour  somewhat  of  petulance  : 

*'  I  caUed  it  Diehiung  und  WahrheU 
(Poetry  and  Truth),  because  it  raises  it- 
self by  higher  tendencies  from  the  region 
of  a  lower  reality.  Now  Jean  Paul,  in 
the  spirit  of  contradiction,  has  written 
Wahrheit  aut  meinem  Leben  (Truth  out 
of  my  life),  as  if  the  truth  from  the  life 
of  such  a  man  could  be  any  other  than 
that  the  author  was  a  Philistine.*' 

Not  the  least  agreeable  part  of  the  work 
before  us  is  that  which  illustrates  the 
poet's  attachment  to  the  prince  who  rea- 
lized in  Weimar  the  youthful  dream  of 
Shakspere's  scholar  king : 

*'  Navarre  shall  be  the  wonder  of  the 
world ; 
Our  court  shall  be  a  little  Academe, 
Still  and  contemplative  in  living  art/* 

The  death  of  Charles  Augustus  of  Saxe 
Weimar  occurred  at  Berlin  during  Ecker- 
mann's  intimacy  with  Goethe,  and  an  in- 
teresting account  of  his  last  days  was  com- 
municated to  the  poet  in  a  letter  from 
Humboldt,  a  great  part  of  which  is  tran- 
scribed by  our  author. 

Upon  the  subject  of  German  Unity,  so 
much  discussed  in  the  present  day,  this 
book  contains  some  profound  remarks. 
The  unity  for  which  Gofithe  longed  was  a 
unity  in  sympathy  and  intellectual  culti- 
vation, and  a  uniformity  in  financial,  mo- 
netary, and  commercial  arrangements. 

'*  But  if  we  imagine  that  the  unity  of 
Germany  consists  in  this,  .that  the  very 
great  empire  should  have  a  single  great 
capital,  and  that  this  one  great  capital 
would  conduce  to  the  development  of 
great  individual  talent,  or  to  the  welfare 
of  the  great  mass  of  the  people,  we  are  in 

error Whence  is  Germany  great 

but  by  the  admirable  culture  of  the  people, 
which  equally  pervades  all  parts  of  the 
kingdom  ?  But  does  not  this  proceed  from 
the  various  seats  of  government,  and  do 
not  these  foster  and  support  it  ?  Suppose, 
for  centuries  past,  we  had  had  in  Germany 
only  the  two  capitals,  Vienna  and  Berlin, 
or  only  one  of  these,  I  should  like  to 
know  how  it  would  have  fared  with  Ger- 
man dUtnie,  or  even  with  that  generally- 


diiFased  opulence  which  goes  hand  in  hand 
with  culture.  Germany  has  about  twenty 
universities  distributed  about  the  whole 
empire,  and  about  a  hundred  public  libra- 
ries similarly  distributed.  There  is  also 
a  great  number  of  collections  of  art  and 
collections  of  objects  belonging  to  all  the 
kingdom  of  nature  ;  for  every  prince  has 
taken  care  to  bring  around  him  these  use- 
ful and  beautiful  objects.  There  are 
gymnasia  and  schools  for  arts  and  indostrj 
in  abundance,  nay,  there  is  scarcely  a 
German  village  without  its  school.  And 
how  does  Fnmce  stand  with  respect  to  this 
last  point?" 

These  observations  were  made  in  1838  ; 
if  they  had  been  made  twenty  years  later, 
the  moral  of  the  last  sentence  might  have 
been  pointed  by  a  reference  not  to  France, 
but  to  England. 

We  have  not  space  to  illustrate  from  the 
book  before  us  the  much-debated  question 
of  Goethe's  political  opinions.  He  was  a 
politician  in  the  highest — the  Greek — 
sense  of  the  word,  inasmuch  as  no  subject 
was  nearer  to  his  heart  than  the  social 
development  of  mankind ;  but  in  its  or- 
dinary meaning  he  would  probably  have 
disclaimed  the  title.  The  apology  which 
he  gives  for  his  want  of  strong  national 
feeling  might  be  transferred  to  the  subject 
of  politics.  *'  There  is  a  degree  of  culture 
where  one  stands  to  a  certain  extent  above 
nations."  Goethe  acquiesced,  perhaps 
too  readily,  in  the  existing  condition  of 
political  affairs,  because  he  felt  his  true 
sphere,  where  positive  service  was  to  be 
done,  was  in  the  moral  and  intellectual 
world. 

Scarcely  a  page  of  Eckermann's  work 
is  without  its  attraction.  Mr.  Oxenford 
deserves  hearty  thanks  for  making  this 
interesting  memorial  of  the  greatest  of 
Germans  more  accessible  to  the  English 
reader. 


The  Architectural  Quarterly  Review , 
No.  I,  Svo.  Lond.  1851.— This  new  re- 
view  appeals  to  professional  architects 
and  all  that  wide  class  of  persons  who  are 
interested  in  architecture  as  an  art.  It 
designs  to  publish  "  reviews  of  books  and 
notices  of  designs,  models,  drawings, 
buildings,  fumiturci  and  decorations ; 
structural  and  mechanical  inventions ;  new 
applications  of  materials  ;  or  other  works 
having  relation  to  the  several  departments 
of  the  theory  and  practice  of  architecture 
and  building,  and  of  the  study  and  pro- 
fession of  the  architect."  This  is  a  wide 
field,  and  our  contemporary  has  entered 
upon  it  with  spirit.  His  Introdactory 
address,  his  article  on  the  Great  Exhibi- 
tioD,  and  on  Mr,  Ruslrin's  Stones  of  Venice 


02 


MiicelUineous  Reviews* 


[July, 


— til  subjects  of  a  popular  character — 
are  ably  written,  and  ia  a  free,  manly  tone 
Which  cannot  but  produce  an  impression 
o|^on  the  world.  Of  those  portions  of  the 
mimber  which  are  more  entirely  profes- 
slOnal,  we  must  speak  with  diffidence,  bot 
they  seem  written  with  knowledge  and 
faii'ness.  Sach  a  publication  must  be  of 
high  value  to  all  persons  interested  in  ar- 
chitecture as  a  profession,  and  through 
t&em  will  exercise  great  influence  upon 
the  public  at  large.  We  heartily  wish  it 
success. 


The  Decorative  Arts  of  the  Middle 
Agetf  Ecctesiattical  and  Civil.  By  Henry 
Shaw,  F.S.A,  Parts  V. — XII.  Imp.  Svo. 
— ^The  public  is  now  familiarized  to  the 
diffusion  of  works  of  elaborate  art  by  the 
seTcral  processes  of  printing,  and  particu- 
larly by  that  of  engraving  on  wood  ;  and 
there  has  been  such  a  succession  of  mar- 
vels, both  in  quality  and  quantity,  pro- 
duced to  meet  the  taste  of  this  picture- 
loving  age,  that  we  have  almost  ceased  to 
wonder  at  any  finish  of  workmanship 
where  the  power  of  multiplication  is  un- 
limited, and  public  encouragement  is  com- 
mensurate to  very  numerous  impressions. 
Still,  if  we  look  with  a  critical  eye  at  many 
of  the  most  showy  productions,  there  is 
often  much  that  is  more  specious  than 
accurate,  much  promise  of  excellence 
which  is  not  fully  sustained,  and  much 
artistic  beauty  that  is  lost  or  defaced  in 
the  mechanical  processes  which  are  em- 
ployed in  its  production.  The  peculiat 
merit  of  Mr.  Shaw's  publications  is  that 
they  have  the  advantage  of  his  superin- 
tendence throughout  sdl  the  processes  of 
their  execution  ;  and  unless  the  results 
fulfil  his  expectations  he  takes  care  that 
the  ftiilure  shall  be  remedied.  '  Of  this 
efficient  zeal  and  perseverance  we  have 
examples  in  the  repetition  of  four  plates 
in  the  work  before  us.  His  familiarity 
with  all  the  branches  of  imitative  art  is 
such  that  he  is  well  able  to  adapt  each  to 
the  effects  he  is  desirous  to  convey.  To 
the  objects  of  the  present  work  he  has 
•ummoned  the  several  processes  of  en- 
graving on  steel  and  wood,  of  lithography, 
printing  in  gold  and  in  colours,  colouring 
by  hand,  and  perhaps  others  which  escape 
our  enumeration :  and  when  speaking  of 
cheapness,  we  must  express  our  convic- 
tion that,  considering  its  careful  and  costly 
preparation,  this  is  certainly  the  cheapest 
publication  of  elaborate  art  ever  presented 
to  the  world-  Manv  things,  such  as  me- 
dieval jewellery  and  enamels,  are  repro- 
duced in  all  their  glittering  colours  as  per- 
fectly as  if  they  were  themselves  before 
vs.  Other  subjects,  though  necessarilv 
traced,  and  delineated  only,  are  othibited 


vrith  careful  and  instructive  accuracy.  The 
volume,  which  is  now  completed,  contains 
in  all  forty-one  plates ;  of  which  six  are 
representations  of  encrusted  enamel,  five 
of  translucid  enamel,  one  of  painted  enamel, 
five  of  gold  and  silver  metal-work,  three  of 
iron- work, three  of  wood- work,  six  of  stained 
glass,  one  of  Venetian  goblets,  two  of  book 
illuminations,  five  of  embroidery,  three  of 
fictile  ware,  and  one  of  book-binding. 
An  introduction  is  prefixed  detailing  some 
interesting  particulars  of  each  of  these 
arts.  Each  plate  also  is  accompanied  by 
descriptive  letter-press,  which  is  freely 
garnished  with  minor  subjects  engraved 
on  wood.  The  work  is  now  complete ; 
having  extended  only  to  half  the  number 
of  Parts  originally  contemplated, — the 
only  error  perhaps  having  been  too  low  a. 
price,  an  error  which  we  hope  will  be  re- 
medied as  far  as  possible  by  the  speedy 
sale  of  the  whole  impression. 

2%e  Chronicle  qf  Battel  Abbey,  from 
1066  to  1 176.  Now  first  translated,  with 
Notes,  and  an  abstract  of  the  subsequent 
History  of  the  Establishment*  By  5ffark 
Antony  Lower,  M.A.  Sec.  Sro. — The  mo- 
nastic chronicle,  properly  so  called,  ia  a 
compilation  commencing  vrith  the  earliest 
traditions  of  general  or  national  history,  or 
at  some  remarkable  epoch  thereof,  and 
descending,  in  the  form  of  annals,  to  a 
fuller  relation  of  such  events  as  were  par- 
ticularly interesting  to  the  writer  or  his 
contemplated  readers,  from  their  connec- 
tion with  his  own  community  or  neigh- 
bourhood, with  other  churches  of  the  same 
order,  or  with  the  family  and  successors  of 
the  founder.  W  ith  these  matters  the  trans- 
actions of  the  monastery  itself  are  more  or 
less  intermixed.  The  present  book  is  not 
of  this  miscellaneous  character;  it  is  a 
continuous  narrative,  and  more  properly 
a  history  of  Battle  Abbey,  than  a  chronicle. 
It  remained  in  MS.  until  1846,  when  the 
use  of  a  transcript  which  had  been  made 
for  the  late  Mr.  Petrie's  great  work  of  the 
British  Historians,  was  accorded  to  the 
Anglia  Christiana  Society.  A  limited 
edition  of  the  original  was  then  printed, 
and  the  present  translation  has  been  ex- 
ecuted by  Mr.  Lower,  in  order  to  render 
its  contents  more  available  to  the  purposes 
of  local  history,  to  which  that  gentleman 
has  already  made  many  valuable  contri- 
butions. It  is  in  records  of  this  descrip- 
tion that  we  are  informed  of  the  motives 
of  many  acts,  the  bare  execution  of  which 
is  evidenced  by  chartera.  Various  nominal 
deed:)  of  gift  are  here  explained,  and  appear 
as  bargains  of  sale  or  exchange ;  and  many 
free-will  offerings  as  compromises  aftek* 
long  disputes.  The  object  in  the  writer'i 
view  was  generally  the  record  of  BnceHk- 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


6d 


ful  contests,  which  might  serve  as  useful 
precedents  in  futi^re  emergeocies.    Thus, 
a  great  portion  of  the  '*  Chronicle  of  Bat- 
tel"  is  occupied  with  the  history  of  a  long 
ftruggle  maintained  with  the  bishops  of 
Chiches)ter  to  assert  the  exempt  jurisdiction 
of  the  abbey,  independent  of  their  autho- 
rity ;  and  much  of  the  remainder  relates 
to  the  various  suits  which  the  abbey  pur- 
sued  to   vindicate   its  real  or  supposed 
rights  in  other  quarters.     These  matters 
convey  to  a  modern  reader  of  such  his- 
tories the  appearance  of    the  monastic 
communities  having  been  exceedingly  liti- 
gious— and  indeed  it  is  difficult  to  avoid 
that  conclusion  upon  their  own  relation  ; 
but  the  object  of  placing  upon  record  so 
much  that  is  positively  unamiable  is  ex- 
plained when  we  regard  it  as  the  running 
commentary  upon  the  title-deeds  of  their 
property — the  intelligent    companion  to 
the  monastic  cartulary.     Hence  arises  a 
corresponding  value  to  the  topographer. 
But  it  is  in  a  more  general  view  that  we 
would  rather  commend  the  publication  of 
ancient  histories  of  this  kind.   They  reflect 
in  the  truest  light  the  manners  of  the  time, 
and  are  therefore  of  great  value  to  national 
history.     Among  much  that  is  prosaic  and 
tedious  in  the  extreme,  they  contain  occa- 
sional  incidents   of   real  life   which  are 
graphic  beyond  any  more  studied  picture, 
and  they  reveal  characteristic  glimpses  of 
eminent  persons  which  are  well  worth  the 
trouble  of  searching  out.     Of  this  nature 
is  the  following  anecdote  of  King  Henry 
the  Second's  connoisseurship  in  the  seals 
and  charters  of  his  ancestors.    The  validity 
of  a  charter  of  Henry  1.  was  disputed  : 
''  bot  the  king  taking  the  charter  and  seal 
of  his  grandjfother  into  his  own   hands, 
turned  round  to  Gilbert  de  Balliol  (the 
objector),  and  said,  By  the  eyes  of  God,* 
if  you  can  prove   this  charter  false,  you 
will  put  a  thousand  pounds  into  my  pocket 
in  England  !     Gilbert  said  little  or  nothing 
to  this  ;  and  the  king  added  this  remark- 
able speech,  If  (quoth  he)  the  monks,  by 
a  charter  and  confirmation  like  this,  were 
able  to  show  that  they  have  a  claim  upon 
this  very  palace  of  Clarendon,  in  which  I 
have  the  greatest  delight,  I  could  not  with 
justice  rerase  to  resign  it  entirely  to  them.'* 
There  are  other  passages  in  which  the 
chancellor  Becket,  the  chief  forester  Alan 
de  Neville,  the  justiciary  Richard  de  Lacy, 
Henry  of  Essex   the   king's  unfortunate 
banner-bearer,  and  many  of  the  leading 

*  King  Henry  seems  to  have  had  re- 
spect to  the  oaths  as  well  as  the  charters 
of  his  ancestors  ;  for  another  passage  tells 
OS  that  '*  the  accustomed  oath  "  of  (he 
Conqueror,  when  angry,  was  By  the 
fplendoor  of  God ! 


churchmen  of  the  age,  appear  in  a  charac- 
teristic  manner.      Many  other  valuable 
materials  are  to  be  gathered  from  ihtUb 
venerable  pages.     On  the  cruel  and  iii- 
hospitable  right  of  wrecca  maris  the  M8. 
was    long    since    quoted   by    Lambarde. 
Another  anecdote  of  Henry  II.  (in  p.  182) 
appears  to  show  the  beginning  of  confir- 
mation charters  under  the  form  of  Jnspet^ 
imus.     In  one  story  related  at  p.  135  two 
married  priests  are  concerned.    The  con- 
fession of  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  gain 
a  reputation  for  miracles  at  Battle,  in  the 
time  of  Abbot  Walter  de  Lacy  (113^ 
1171),  is  remarkable.    It  appears  to  havs 
excited  the  derision  of  the  neighbourhood; 
whereupon   "provoked  by  this,  and  by 
the  unworthy  lives  of  some  of  the  inhabi- 
tants, the  Lord  waxed  angry  with  the^e 
ungrateful  people,  and  withdrewthisfavour 
from  them,** — transferring  it,  it  is  asserted, 
to  the  dependent  cell  of  Saint  Nicholas  in 
Exeter,  {p.  146.)    Mr.  Lower  has  added 
to  the  completeness  of  the  book  by  a  sum- 
mary sketch  of  the  history  of  the  abbey, 
and  its  succession  of  abbats,  from  the  time 
when  the   Chronicle  terminates,  to  the 
period  of  the  Dissolution.    Various  inteU 
ligent  notes,  as  well  as  the  general  style  of 
the  translation,  are  highly  creditable  to 
his  care  and  skill  as  editor. 


Wilton  and  its  Astociaiions,  By  James 
Smith.  Small  Svo. — This  is  a  pleasing 
little  book,  composed  at  once  with  taste 
and  talent.  Its  author  evinces  a  just  ap- 
preciation of  all  that  is  admirable  in  our 
poetical  literature  and  all  that  is  gallant 
and  picturesque  in  our  historical  annals. 
He  may  take  some  credit  for  his  concep- 
tion of  the  term  **  associations,"  and  still 
more  for  the  manner  in  which  he  has  ex- 
emplified his  idea.  Local  history  and 
local  description  are  not  in  themselves  the 
most  attractive  of  compositions ;  they  have 
sometimes  acquired  a  charm  under  skflfyl 
hands,  but  this  has  been  chiefly  effected 
by  the  "  associations  "  with  other  places 
and  other  things  which  a  well-stored 
mind  has  been  prepared  to  reflect  upon 
them.  The  writings  of  Dr.  Whitaker, 
perhaps  the  most  popular  of  all  topogra- 
phers, form  an  excellent  example.  On  the 
other  hand,  biography  has  been  continually 
treated  in  a  discursive  style,  when  we  have 
been  presented  with  *'  The  Life  and 
Times'*  of  this  or  that  personage  of  note  ; 
a  practice  which  has  been  not  a  little 
abused,  and  made  ancillary  to  mere  book- 
making.  There  may  be  some  danger  of 
the  fike  result  in  local  '*  associations," 
though  perhaps  not  to  the  same  extent. 
Almost  any  contemporary  notabilities  may 
be  dragged  into  a  man's  *'  Life  and 
Times;''   but  there  must  be  something 


64 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


[July, 


more  than  co-existence  I'equisite  to  form  a 
local  **  association/'  The  leading  features 
of  the  history  of  Wilton,  in  its  earliest 
agest  are  that  it  was  the  see  of  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  bishop  and  the  capital  of  the 
county.  In  medieval  times,  when  super- 
seded in  these  respects  by  the  neighbour- 
ing city  of  Salisbury,  it  was  principally  dis- 
tinguished as  the  site  of  a  rich  and  aristo- 
cratic nunnery.  But  it  is  after  the  disso- 
Intion,  when  the  monastic  property  had 
passed  into  the  possession  of  the  Herberts, 
that  its  most  interesting  "  associations*' 
commence.  Wilton  was  the  birthplace  of 
Massinger,  whose  father  was  one  of  the 
principal  servants  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke. 
Spenser  is  presumed  to  have  been  an 
honoured  guest ;  and  Shakspere  is  ascer- 
tained to  have  attended  with  his  company 
of  comedians  to  perform  a  play  before  King 
James  at  that  monarch's  first  visit  in 
1603.  Sir  Philip  Sidney,  whose  sister  Mary 
was  the  accomplished  mistress  of  Wil- 
ton, is  known  to  have  written  his  Arcadia 
within  these  beauteous  domains,  and  to 
have  borrowed  many  of  its  descriptive 
portions  from  the  features  they  displayed. 
oj  a  very  passable  '*  association  "  Mr. 
Smith  moves  us  in  one  of  his  chapters  to 
the  neighbouring  parsonage  of  Bemertou, 
where  the  pious  kinsman  of  the  Pem- 
brokes,  George  Herbert,  was  tending  his 
humble  flock  and  cherishing  his  devotional 
muse.  From  these  materials,  assisted  by 
incidental  sketches  of  ancient  manners, 
Mr-  Smith  has  composed  a  very  agreeable 
work.  Indeed,  his  original  writing  is  in 
many  respects  better  than  his  quotations : 
we  allpde  to  the  very  imaginative  descrip- 
tion of  Sidney's  funeral*  attributed  to 
Mr.  C.  Knight  and  to  Mr.  Hazlitt's 
account  of  "  the  family  Vandyck."  From 
Haslitt's  extravagance  in  asserting  that 
to  be  the  only  good  picture  at  Wilton, 
Mr.  Smith  takes  the  precaution  to  dis- 
sent; and,  though  he  has  not  entered 
folly  into  the  works  of  art,  he  has  added  a 
catalogue  of  the  pictures,  and  an  abstract 
of  Mr.  C.  Newton's  valuable  criticisms 
upon  the  statuary,  which  were  prepared 
for  the  Archaeological  Institute  in  1849. 
In  another  matter  Mr.  Smith  has  been 
misled.  The  Earl  of  Pembroke  stood  for 
knight  of  the  shire  of  Berkshire  in  1649, 
and  an  amusing  election  squib  was  issued 
on  the  occasion,  professing  to  give  the 
iq;>eeche8  of  the  rival  candidates,  which 
onr  present  author  has  regarded  as  a  veri- 

*  The  aldermen  in  their  violet  gowns 
(then  customary  for  mourning)  are  trans- 
lated into  "  a  vast  procession  of  authori- 
ties in  solemn  purple;  "  and  the  city  train- 
bands are  mentioned  as  the  **  most  im- 
pressive "  part  of  the  cavalcade. 
8 


table  historical  document!  Mr.  Smith 
(pp.  54,  74,)  repeats  the  old  statement, 
that  Wilton  House  was  designed  by  Hans 
Holbein  in  the  reign  of  Edward  the 
Sixth.  Mr.  Britton  has  judiciously  ob- 
served that  "  there  is  no.  authority  for 
the  assertion  that  Holbein  designed  more 
than  the  porch  "  which  goes  by  his  name 
(Aubrey's  Natural  History  of  Wiltshire, 
p.  83,  note)  ;  and  we  believe  there  are  no 
other  traces  of  that  master's  hand  to  be 
seen  at  Wilton  —  excepting  his  portraits 
of  the  first  Earl  and  of  the  father  of  Sir 
Thomas  More.  The  house  was  chiefly 
built,  as  Aubrey  tells  us,  m  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth  ;  materially  altered  in  the  time 
of  Charles  I.  from  the  designs  of  a  French 
architect  named  Solomon  de  Caus;  and, 
having  been  partially  destroyed  by  fire  in 
1648,  restored  under  the  superintendence 
of  Webb,  the  pupil  of  Inigo  Jones.  These 
and  other  interesting  particulars  are  given 
in  Aubrey's  book,  recently  printed  for  the 
Wiltshire  Topographical  Society :  and, 
though  they  are  not  entirely  overlooked  by 
Mr.  Smith,  we  regret  that  he  has  placed 
so  much  of  them  in  an  appendix  of  notes 
instead  of  weaving  them  into  his  text. 
Possibly  his  acquaintance  with  them  was 
not  so  early  as  was  desirable.  These  mat- 
ters may  be  rectified  in  the  next  edition 
of  "  Wilton  and  its  Associations.''  It  is 
embellished  by  numerous  woodcuts,  in- 
cluding several  cleverly  executed  portraits. 

The  Poems  of  Schiller f  complete;  in- 
cluding all  his  early  suppressed  piecee : 
atlempted  in  Mnglish  by  Edgar  Alfred 
Bowriog.  %vo.  (J.  W,  Parker,)— This  very 
modest  volume  has  great  merit.  It  de- 
serves to  meet  with  much  encouragement, 
for  it  is  a  truthful  as  well  as  a  poetical  ren- 
dering. We  have  no  room  for  criticism  or 
extract,  but  the  vigour  of  the  translation 
may  be  judged  from  a  few  words  extracted 
from  the  Hymn  to  Joy. 

Joy  from  Truth's  own  glass  of  fire 

Sweetly  on  the  searcher  smiles  ; 
Lest  on  Virtue's  steep  he  tire, 

Joy  the  tedious  path  beguiles. 
High  on  Faith's  bright  hiU  before  us. 

See  her  banner  proudly  wave ! 
Joy,  too,  swells  the  Angel's  chorus — 

Bursts  the  bondage  of  the  grave  I 

CHORUS. 

Mortals,  meekly  wait  for  Heaven  ! 
Suffer  on  in  patient  love  I 
In  the  starry  realms  above, 

Bright  rewards  by  God  are  given. 

The  Talbot  Case.  An  authoritative 
and  succinct  aeeoumi  from  1839  io  the 
Lord  Chancellor's  Judgment,  with  notes 
and  observations,  and  a  pnfaee  by  the  Rev, 


1851.] 


Literary  and  ScienHfic  InteUigenee. 


65 


M.  Hobart  Seymour,  Ai,A.  l9mo.  {See- 
leys.)  185 1. — In  its  hiBtorical  character  the 
Talbot  caie  may  be  regarded  in  a  two-fold 
aspect ;  first,  as  exemplifying  the  means 
by  which  the  church  of  Rome  acquires  its 
great  hold  upon  the  property  of  every 
country  in  which  it  is  allowed  its  free 
course ;  and,  secondly,  as  explaining  the 
ease  with  which,  in  our  own  country,  and 
in  many  other  countries,  during  revolu- 
tionary periods,  the  people  have  been  in- 
duced to  sanction  a  resumption  of  the 
property  which  has  found  its  way  into  the 
possession  of  the  monasteries.  Mr.  Sey- 
mour has  prefixed  to  this  report  of  the 
Talbot  case  some  very  useful  information 
respecting  the  monasticsystem  as  practised 
in  oar  own  and  other  countries. 


nhuiraied  DiUUt  of  the  Oldem  Thme. 
Small  ito.  (Fblikorp,  Brighton),  There 
have  been  several  editions  of  Nursery 
Rhymes  within  these  few  years,  some 
curious  to  the  literary  antiquary,  and 
others  very  attractive  for  their  pretty  pic- 
tures. The  present  is  distinguished  by  its 
very  graceful  and  delicate  etchings,  which 
are  characterized  at  once  by  fancy  and  pure 
taste.  Neither  artist's  nor  editor's  name 
is  attached :  but  the  volume  is  dedicated 
by  a  mother  to  her  daughter.  It  is  really 
too  charming  a  book  to  be  destroyed  in 
the  nursery,  and  may  be  recommended  to 
children  of  a  greater  growth  as  suggesting 
the  most  delightful  reminiscences  of  their 
earlier  years. 


LITERARY   AND    SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE. 


UNIVERSITT  OP  OXFORD. 

May  21,  The  prize  for  an  English 
poem  on  a  sacred  subject  has  been  awarded 
to  the  Rev.  John  George  Sheppard,  M.A. 
of  Wadham  college.  The  subject  was 
**  St.  Paul  at  Athens,"  and  this  is  the  first 
time  of  its  being  awarded. 


UNIVERSITY  OP  CAMBRIDGE. 

The  Porson  Prize  for  the  best  trans- 
lation of  a  passage  in  Shakspere  into 
Greek  verse  has  been  adjudged  to  George 
Morley,  of  St.  John'*8  college.  Subject 
ft'om  Henry  IV.  part  ii.  act.  iv.  scene  4. 

The  Camden  Medal  for  the  best  ex- 
ercise in  Latin  hexameter  verse  is  ad- 
judged  to  F.  V.  Hawkins,  of  Trinity 
college.     Subject — Scytbia. 

Sir  William  Browne's  medals  for  the 
Greek  and  Latin  odes  have  both  been 
adjudged  to  the  same  gentleman.  Sub- 
jects —  Grreek  ode  —  **  Oraculorum  de- 
fectio ;"  Latin  ode — "  Carolus  Albertus 
Sardiniie  Rex."  The  medal  for  the  epi- 
grams was  not  acQudged. 

The  Norrisian  Prute  to  the  author  of 
the  best  essay  on  a  sacred  subject  has 
been  adjudged  to  Benjamin  Atkinson 
Irving,  B.A.  Scholar  of  Emmanuel  col- 
lege. Subject — **The  traces  discernible 
in  Holy  Soipture  of  the  influence  exerted 
on  the  character  of  the  Hebrews  by  their 
residence  in  Egypt." 


ROTAL  OEOORAPBICAL  SOCIETY. 

Jume  2.  At  the  anniversary  meeting  of 
this  Society  the  usual  annual  reports  were 
read.  During  the  past  year,  the  additions 
to  the  collections  of  the  Society  have  been 

GiMT.  Mas.  Vol.  XXXVI.     • 


exceedingly  numerous,  among  which  is  a 
munificent  gift  from  the  Imperial  Geo- 
graphical Institute  of  Austria,  of  a  series 
of  maps  at  present  at  the  World's  Exhibi- 
tion at  Hyde  Park.  A  valuable  bequest 
of  instruments  by  the  late  Robert  Shed- 
den,  a  fellow  of  the  society,  has  also  been 
received. 

The  royal  donation  for  the  **  Encourage- 
ment of  Geographical  Science  and  Dis- 
covery "  has  been  this  year  divided  be- 
tween Dr.  George  Wallin,  of  Finland,  for 
his  travels  through  Arabia,  and  Mr. 
Thomas  Brunner,  for  his  explorations  in 
the  north-west  portion  of  the  middle  is- 
land of  New  Zealand,  both  of  which  were 
published  in  the  last  number  of  the  So- 
ciety's Journal.  The  Journal  itself, 
owing  to  the  prosperous  state  of  the 
Society,  has  been  largely  increased  in  size 
and  value. 

The  President,  Capt.  W.  H.  Smyth, 
read  a  summary  of  the  progress  of  geo- 
graphy during  the  past  year  ;  and  enume- 
rated the  papers  read  during  the  session. 
Attention  was  primarily  directed  to  the 
papers  by  Col.  H.  Yorke  and  Dr.  Bulst 
of  Bombay,  on  the  use  of  the  Aneroid. 
At  the  Swansea  meeting  of  the  British 
Association,  in  1848,  this  instrument  was 
introduced  as  a  means  both  for  meteoro- 
logical observations  and  for  obtaining  dif- 
ferences of  level.  On  a  close  examination, 
however,  the  President  had  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  further  improvement  was 
necessary  before  the  instrument  could  be 
trusted  otherwise  than  as  a  journeyman  to 
the  Torricellian  tube.  To  be  used  with 
success  it  should  be  tested  by  comparison 
with  a  barometer  at  three  different  and 
distant  psrts  of  the  scale,  b«fore  and  after 


66 


Literary  and  Sdtntific  Intelligence. 


[July, 


the  obsenrations.  The  President  next 
gave  an  elaborate  acconnt  of  the  progreBS 
of  geography  in  the  different  quarters  of 
the  globe,  noticing  the  labours  of  the 
hydrograpbic  office  of  the  Admiralty,  the 
Brdnance  survey,  and  the  geological  sur- 
tey.  Various  maps  by  Arrowsmith  were 
commended,  and  the  elaborate  physical 
naps  by  Mr.  Patermann,  of  the  British 
Isles,  and  one  by  the  same  gentleman  of 
Borneo ;  as  was  the  bold  attempt  made  by 
Mr.  Wyld  to  impart  a  knowledge  of  geo- 
graphy to  the  million,  by  the  constmction 
df  his  gigantic  globe  in  Leicester- square. 
The  merits  of  the  geographical  publica- 
tions of  the  year  by  Koight,  Blackie,  Ful- 
lerton,  &c.  were  enumerated.  At  the 
close  of  his  summary  of  Africa,  the  Presi- 
dent, regretting  the  undignified  contro- 
versies respecting  the  rise  and  course  of 
the  Nile,  unhesitatingly  expressed  his  con- 
viction that  no  European  traveller  had  yet 
seen  the  source  of  the  true  White  Nile. 
The  address  concluded  with  the  expres- 
sion of  the  President's  gratification  in 
surrendering  the  charge  of  the  society  to 
bis  well-tried  and  experienced  friend,  Sir 
Roderick  I.  Mnrchif>on.  An  unanimous 
tote  of  thanks  for  the  services  of  Capt. 
W.  H.  Smyth,  R.N.  was  passed,  together 
With  a  desire  that  the  address  just  read  be 
printed  and  extensively  circulated.  The 
dinner,  under  the  presidency  of  Sir  R.  I. 
Murchison,  supported  by  several  Foreign 
Ambassadors  and  Commissioners  to  the 
Great  Exhibition,  was  held  at  the  Thatched 
House,  and  numerously  attended. 


ROTAL  ASIATIC  80CIITT. 

Moy  17.     The    anniversary   was   held. 
Prof.  H.  H.  Wilson,  President,in  the  chair. 

The  report  of  the  council  contained 
■pecial  notice  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  C. 
W.  W.  Wynn,  its  first  President,  and  of 
Captain  Newbold,  a  material  contributor 
to  the  publications  of  the  Society.  Al- 
losion  was  made  to  the  efforts  of  Framjee 
CowBsjee  for  the  benefit  of  his  country, 
by  the  general  education  of  the  people, 
tod  especially  by  the  introduction  of 
liliproved  methods  of  agriculture,  which 
bai  entitled  him  to  the  appellation  of  the 
Lord  Leicester  of  India.  The  report  then 
gate  some  notice  of  the  progress  of  Baby* 
Ionian  and  Assyrian  decipherment  as  car- 
ried out  by  Col.  Rawlinson,  and  now  in 
the  course  of  communication  to  the  world 
by  the  Society.  Colonel  Rawlinson  is 
of  opinion  that  the  inscriptions  at  Behis- 
tlb  extend  over  a  period  of  1,000  years— 
fi^m  B.C.  2,000  to  1,000;  tliat  the  re- 
ligion of  the  ancient  Assyrians  and  Baby- 
loBiant  wfti  ttriutljr  Astral  or  8ab«an  t 


and,  as  he  finds  among  the  gods  the  names 
of  Belos,  Ninus,  and  Semiramis,  he  thinks 
that  the  dynasties  given  by  the  Greeks 
were,  in  fact,  lists  of  mythological  names. 
The  geography  of  Western  Asia,  as  it  was 
4,000  years  ago,  appears  to  be  clearly 
made  out.  Colonel  Rawlinson  finds  a  king 
of  Cadytis,  or  Jerusalem,  named  Kanun, 
a  tributary  of  the  king  who  built  the  palace 
of  Khursabad,  warring  with  a  Pharaoh  of 
Egypt,  and  defeating  his  armies  on  the 
south  frontier  of  Palestine.  The  Meshec 
and  Tubal  of  Scripture  were  dwelling  in 
North  Syria,  the  Hittites  held  the  centre 
of  the  province,  and  the  commercial  cities 
of  Tyre  and  Sidon  and  Gaza  and  Acre 
flourished  on  the  coasts.  Col.  Rawlinson 
undertakes  to  identify  every  province  and 
city  named  in  the  inscriptions. 

The  report  of  the  Oriental  Translation 
Committee  mentioned  the  production  of 
the  second  volume  of  the  Travels  uf  Ev- 
liya  Effendi,  of  the  fifth  volume  of  Haji 
Khalfse  Lexicon,  and  of  the  Makamat  of 
Hariri.  The  Committee  has  accepted 
from  Col.  Rawlinson  the  offer  of  a  trans- 
lation of  the  valuable  and  rare  geographi- 
cal work  of  Yak(it  ;  and  is  about  to 
proceed  with  the  third  and  concluding 
volume  of  M.  Garcin  de  Tassy's  Histoire 
de  la  Litt^rature  Hindoui  et  Hindoustani, 
including  a  Memoir  on  Hindustani  Songs, 
with  numerous  translations.  The  report 
concluded  with  noticing  the  presentation 
of  William  the  Fourth *s  gold  medal  to 
Prof.  H.  H.  Wilson,  in  acknowledgment 
of  his  services  to  Oriental  literature 
generally,  and  especially  in  testimony  of 
the  merits  of  his  translation  of  the  Vishnn 
Purina.  The  report  of  the  committee  for 
publishing  Oriental  Texts  lamented  the 
inadequacy  of  their  funds  to  carry  on  the 
valuable  works  proposed  for  publication 
with  as  much  activity  as  they  could  wish, 
—but  stated  that  progress  was  making 
with  M.  Garcin  de  Tassy's  edition  of  the 
Mantac  ut  Tayr,  and  with  Mr.  Morlcy^s 
History  of  the  Gbaznawi  Sultans,  by  Bai- 
hakki. 

Dr.  Bird  submitted  the  Auditors*  Re- 
port, which  was  not  encouraging,  for  it 
showed  that  the  expenses  incurred  by  the 
Society  in  the  pulilication  of  the  labours 
of  Col.  Rawlinson  were,  in  fact,  so  much 
in  actual  excess  of  its  income.  The  re- 
port recommended  that  the  fee  of  five 
guineas  paid  on  admission  into  the  Society 
should  be  abolished,  to  which  proposd 
the  meeting  assented  by  a  large  majority, 
and  that  measures  should  be  taken  to  de- 
liver series  of  evening  lectures  on  some  of 
the  mure  interesting  and  popular  subjects 
of  Oriental  research.  The  elections  of 
officers  and  council  then  toob  place,  the 
fvimer  being  all  re*eboeen. 


6f 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTIQUARIES. 

May  1.     J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P.j 

Charles  Roach  Smith,  esq.  exhibited  an 
ancient  vase  and  a  specimen  of  the  Fran- 
cisca,  or  Prankish  battle-axe,  presented  to 
him  by  the  Abbe  Cochet  of  Dieppe,  who 
discovered  them  in  the  Merovingian  Ceme- 
tery at  Evermeu  near  Dieppe.  Mr.  Smith 
also  exhibited  a  coloured  drawing  of  Me- 
rovingian buckles,  found  at  Rambouillet, 
forwarded  to  him  by  M.  Charles  Dufour, 
of  Amiens. 

A  note  from  John  Bruce,  Esq.  Trea- 
surer, was  read,  accompanying  the  exhibi- 
tion of  an  ancient  picture,  on  panel,  re- 
presenting the  entry  of  the  Imperialist 
army  into  Rome,  A.D.  1527 1  under  the 
command  of  the  Constable  of  Bourbon, 
the  property  of  Philip  Hardwick,  esq. 
R.A.  F  S.A.  The  title  given  tu  the  pic- 
ture itself  is  **  Roma  Caput  Mundi."  The 
style  of  art  is  unquestionably  that  of  the 
sixteenth  century  ;  and  the  costume,  arms, 
and  armour  of  the  figures  in  the  fore- 
ground indicate  the  same  period.  Changes 
took  place  in  several  of  the  buildings  re- 
presented within  a  comparatively  few 
years  after  1527i  which  changes  are  not 
shown  in  this  picture.  St.  Peter's  is 
without  the  dome,  which  was  partially 
completed  before  the  death  of  Michael 
Angelo  in  1569.  The  gate  here  termed 
Porta  S.  Agneta  was  termed  Porta  Pia 
after  it  was  rebuilt  by  Pius  IV.  who  reigned 
from  1559  to  1565.  The  columns  of  Tra- 
jan and  Antonine,  here  termed  adriana 
itnd  ocTATiANA,  are  represented  without 
the  colossal  statues  of  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul  placed  upon  them  by  Siztus  IV. 
Many  other  circumstances  of  this  kind 
mtf  ht  be  enumerated. 

w.  B.  Dickinson,  esq.  of  Leamington, 
^hibited  three  specimens  of  Peruvian  an- 
tiquity, at  present  in  the  possession  of 
John  Power,  esq.  of  that  place :  obtained 
many  years  ago  from  an  aboriginal  Peru- 
Yiao  tomb  ;  namely,  a  fillet  of  beaten  gold, 
measuring  four  feet  and  hair  an  inch  ;  a 

J^old  plate,  measuring  three  inches  by  two 
ncbes;  and  a  small  gold  figure  or  idol, 
#blch  had  evidently  been  cut  in  two  by  a 
chisel  or  other  sharp  instrument,  stated  to 
have  been  so  mutilated  by  the  natives  at 
the  time  of  its  removal.  The  weight  of 
this  half  figure  is  two  pennyweights  thir- 
teen fnios. 

Wuliam  Dickson,  esq.  F.S.A.  commu- 
nicated a  rough  sketch  of  some  discoveries 
lately  made  at  the  castle  of  Berwick-upon- 
Tweed.  These  consisted  of  the  south- 
west tower,  and  of  two  pointed  archways, 


which  had  been  entirely  covered  w|tli 
earth,  and,  till  opened  for  the  constmetioft 
of  a  railway,  were  unknown. 

May  8.     Capt.  W.  H.  Smyth,  V.P. 

Thomas  Hordem  Whitaker,  esq.  es« 
hibited  the  top  stone  of  a  Quern  found  it 
Ribchester,  near  the  place  where  a  large 
Roman  altar  to  ApoLlo  was  discovers, 
which  is  now  placed  on  the  bridge  at  8t. 
John's  college,  Cambridge. 

George  Richard  Corner,  esq.  F-S.A. 
present^  to  the  society  a  carved  alabaster 
tablet  representing  the  Martyrdom  of  St. 
Erasmus,  apparently  of  the  16th  century, 
exactly  similar  in  point  of  character  of 
art  to  the  three  sculptured  tablets  already 
in  the  Society's  possession,  described  ift 
p.  29  of  the  Catalogue  of  their  Museum. 

Sir  Henry  Ellis  communicated  a  Me- 
morial preserved  among  the  Burghley  Pa- 
pers in  the  British  Museum  of  the  latter 
part  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
from  the  Warden  and  Engraver  of  the 
Mint  to  the  Lord  Treasurer,  upon  the 
ancient  manner  in  which  the  royal  and 
other  seals  of  England  were  made,  and 
complaining  of  the  customers,  alnagerS, 
and  other  officers,  who  in  many  places  had 
caused  their  seals  to  be  engraved  contrary 
to  ancient  usage,  and  to  the  deceiving  and 
defrauding  the  Queen *s  subjects. 

John  Yonge  Akerman,  esq.  communi- 
cated the  transcript  of  a  paper  belonging 
to  the  Rev.  Adam  Baynes,  in  the  hand- 
writing uf  his  ancestor  of  the  same  name, 
who  had  been  an  officer  in  the  Parliament 
army  during  the  great  civil  war,  entitled 
'*  The  Case  of  the  Prisoners  of  the  RotaI 
Prison  of  the  Tower  of  London,  bumblv 
presented  to  the  consideration  of  the  Paf- 
liament.'^  Tt  is  a  remonstrance  against 
many  exactions  and  hardships ;  and  thk 
date  from  internal  evidence  appears  tQ 
have  been  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  sooil 
after  1666  or  7. 

A  second  communication  was  made 
from  Sir  Henry  Ellis  respecting  the  couir 
pulsory,  and  in  some  cases  enticed,  suh- 
stitution  of  new  for  ancient  charters  of 
corporations  in  the  time  of  Charles  11, 
and  James  II.  introductory  of  a  leltef 
from  Lord  Chief  Justice  Jeffreys,  to  th# 
mayor  of  Pontefract  in  Yorkshire,  dated 
Sept.  16,  1684,  preserved  among  th« 
Additional  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum. 

May  15.     J.  Payne  CuUier,  esq.  V.P. 

Mr.  Cove  Jones  exhibited  a  silver  ring 
bearing  the  device  of  two  hands  joined, 
with  the  motto  of  Chaucer's  prioress, 
*'  Amor  viucit  omnia." 

Mr.  Bemhard  Smith  exhibited  some  ca- 


68 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[July, 


rioQs  bronze  tibuis,  one  of  tbem  remark- 
able for  tbe  contritance  to  hold  the  anus 
in  its  place  by  a  slidiog  ring. 

Mr.  Akerman,  the  resident  Secretary, 
offered  some  remarks  on  nine  out  of  a  set 
of  tweWe  roundels  or  fruit  trenchers,  three 
being  missing,  exhibited  to  the  Society  by 
Colonel  Sykes.  Like  other  specimens  of 
those  now  obsolete  objects,  they  were 
painted  on  one  side  only,  the  other  being 
left  quite  bare.  The  iigures  painted  upon 
them  represent  individuals  of  different 
grades  of  life  in  the  costume  of  the  time 
of  James  the  First;  around  each  figure 
are  two  lines  of  verse,  some  of  them  quaint 
and  pithy  enough. — At  the  next  meeting 
Sir  Henry  Ellis  pointed  out  that  these 
verses  are  to  be  seen  (including  the  three 
missing  characters)  in  a  musical  work  by 
John  Maynard,  lutanist,  entitled  '^The 
XII.  Wonders  of  the  World,»'  fol.  1611. 
In  the  Catalogue  of  Music  in  the  British 
Museum  is  a  memorandum  attributing 
their  composition  to  Sir  John  Davis. 

Colonel  Sykes  exhibited  at  the  same 
time  a  silver  plate,  about  a  foot  in  height, 
by  eight  inches  broad,  representing  the 
embossed  figure  of  St.  Michael  the  Arch- 
angel. This  plate  was  found  near  Dunge- 
ness,  and  is  supposed  to  have  belonged  to 
some  Russian  vessel  wrecked  at  that  spot. 

Mr.  Collier  communicated  some  further 
particulars  relative  to  the  life  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,  relating  to  the  period 
between  1584  and  1592. 

May  22.     Capt.  W.  H.  Smyth,  V.P. 

Thomas  Barrett  Lennard,  esq.  M.P. 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Thomas  Reveley,  esq.  of  Kendal,  pre- 
lented  a  fibula  vestiaria,  and  a  torquis, 
both  of  silver,  found  in  April  1 8 47 1  in  a 
erevice  of  the  lime-stone  rock,  on  the 
north  side  of  Orton  Scar,  in  the  parish  of 
Crosby  Ravensworth,  in  Westmerland. 
Mr.  Reveley  likewise  presented  to  the 
Society's  museum  a  silver  coin  of  Lucius 
Verus,  found  a  few  years  ago  in  the  same 
parish.  These  several  articles,  he  con- 
ceives, furnish  evidence  of  the  line  of  the 
Roman  Iter  from  Bremetonacse  north- 
wards. Mr.  Reveley  also  presented  a 
peony  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  and  two 
pennies  of  the  Conqueror,  found,  with 
many  others,  in  1834,  in  digging  a  grave 
in  the  Church  of  Betham,  in  Westmer- 
land :  and  a  British  coin  stated  to  have 
been  found  at  Huddersiield. 

Henry  Campkin,  esq.  exhibited  to  the 
Society  a  document,  a  power  of  attorney, 
under  the  hand  and  seal  of  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Holt. 

A  letter  from  John  Adey  Repton,  esq. 
F.S.A.  was  read,  upon  the  construction  of 
timber  arches,  which  he  observed  to  be 
very  different  from  those  executed  in  stone 


or  brick.  This  paper  was  accompanied 
by  a  drawing,  representing  in  one  view 
specimens  of  different  periods,  ranging 
from  the  time  of  Henry  III.  to  that  of 
James  I. 

Beriah'Botfield,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  a 
small  Byzantine  coffer  of  early  mosaic 
work,  conjectured  to  be  as  early  as  the 
eleventh  century. 

The  resident  Secretary  then  read  the 
opening  of  another  communication  from 
Sir  Henry  Ellis,  being  a  narrative  of  the 
principal  Naval  Expeditions  of  English 
Fleets,  beginning  with  that  against  the 
Spanish  armada  in  1588,  down  to  1603, 
preserved  in  the  Cottonian  MS.  Titus  B. 
VIII.  strongly  mixed  with  contemporary 
feeling  and  contemporary  anecdote.  Each 
expedition  is  commented  upon  in  a  sepa- 
rate section. 

May  29.     Lord  Viscount  Mahon,  Pres. 

M.  Pulski  exhibited  two  bronzes,  one 
of  them  apparently  of  a  boxer,  of  fine 
Roman  work. 

Mr.  Akerman,  the  resident  secretary, 
read  a  memoir  *'  On  the  Weapons  of  the 
Celtic  and  Teutonic  tribes.**  His  pur- 
pose was  to  review  the  evidence  we  pos- 
sess, rather  than  to  offer  any  conjecture 
or  theory  of  his  own.  In  the  infancy  of 
nations  the  weapon  which  served  the  hun- 
ter in  the  chase  was  the  same  as  that 
wielded  in  war.  The  stone  hatchets,  ham 
mers,  chisels,  and  lance-heads  of  the  pri- 
mitive races  of  Britain  and  the  European 
continent  resemble  very  closely  those  of 
the  barbarous  inhabitanu  of  remote  coun- 
tries. Two  stone  hatchets,  brought  from 
Australia,  were  remarkable  as  being  iden- 
tical witJi  the  European  axe  and  hammer 
heads  of  the  primeval  period.  The  weapons 
of  bronze  discovered  in  the  Celtic  tumuli  of 
the  continent  resemble  not  only  those 
found  in  Britain,  but  also  those  of  Swit- 
zerland and  Germany.  The  leaf-shaped 
swords  of  bronze  are  evidently  of  a  suc- 
ceeding period,  and  were  perhaps  casts 
from  the  weapons  of  a  more  civilized 
people.  They  were  probably  tbe  descrip- 
tion of  swords  used  by  the  Gauls  against 
the  Romans,  b.  c.  2S3,  when  Poly  bins 
states  that  tJieir  swords  bent  like  a  strigil. 
The  account  which  Tacitus  gives  of  the 
weapons  of  the  Germans  is  (»dculated  to 
perplex  the  archaeologist  In  his  Germa- 
nia  the  great  historian  speaks  of  the  short 
spears  or  javelins  of  these  people,  but  in 
the  Annals  Germ  aniens  is  made  to  con- 
trast the  long  unwieldy  spear  of  the  Ger- 
mans with  the  effective  pilum  of  the  Ro- 
mans. Passages  in  the  Old  Testament, 
in  Herodotus,  Plato,  and  other  writers, 
were  cited  to  bhow  that  brass  was  used 
by  the  Greeks  and  other  andeat  civilised 
nations,  down  to  at  least  the  end  of  the 


1851.] 


AfUiquariii*^  R$$eareh€$. 


69 


fifth  century  b.  c.  The  Romans  did  not 
bnrj  arms  with  their  dead,  and  hence  we 
have  no  positive  monumental  data  of  the 
adoption  of  iron.  The  (praves  of  the 
Franks  in  Gaal  are  found  to  resemble 
very  closely  those  of  the  Anglo-Saxons, 
and  their  contents  prove  them  to  have 
been  the  cemeteries  of  kindred  races.  The 
axe,  however,  which  is  so  often  found  in 
the  Frank  graves,  is  rarely  found  in  those 
explored  in  this  county.  In  the  numerous 
barrows  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  period  ex- 
plored by  the  writer  and  by  Lord  Londes- 
borough,  both  in  Kent  and  Sussex,  but 
few  arms  were  discovered,  and  not  a  single 
specimen  of  the  Frank  axe  or  frandsca, 
although  one  or  two  examples,  exhibited 
to  the  meeting  by  Mr.  Rolfe  of  Sand- 
wich, have  been  found  in  the  graves  of 
the  Isle  of  Thanet  On  the  contrary,  the 
graves  of  the  Franks,  explored  in  France 
by  the  Abb^  Cochet  and  others,  contained 
swords,  axes,  spear-heads,  and  large  knives, 
a  fact  which  appears  to  show  that  every 
Frank  was  a  soldier,  while  the  Anglo- 
Saxon — protected  by  his  insolar  position 
— became  changed  in  habits  and  manners, 
and  took  to  the  pastoral  life.  In  many  of 
the  tumuli  of  the  South  Downs  the  writer 
had  discovered  merely  a  small  knife.  Still 
axes  like  those  wielded  by  the  Franks 
were  used  by  the  Anglo-Saxons  at  the 
battle  of  Hastings ;  when  William  caused 
a  feigned  retreat  to  be  sounded,  the  Saxons, 
says  the  Norman  chronicler,  pursued  them, 
each  with  his  axe  suspended  from  his  neck, 
a  description  which  would  well  apply  to 
the  peculiar  axe  called  the  francisca.  The 
barbed  pilum  called  the  angon,  mentioned 
by  Agathias  as  used  with  tremendous  effect 
by  the  Franks,  has  never  been  discovered 
in  any  of  their  graves  in  France.  That 
the  Anglo-Saxons  held  the  bow  in  con- 
tempt, or  considered  it  the  missile  engine 
of  the  robber,  or  of  one  who  lurked  in 
ambush,  seems  evident  from  some  Anglo- 
Saxon  verses  quoted  from  the  Exeter 
Book,  as  well  .as  from  the  fact  of  there 
being  no  archers  in  the  army  that  opposed 
the  Normans  at  Hastings.  The  reading 
of  this  communication  was  accompanied 
by  a  very  interesting  exhibition  of  wea- 
pons of  various  coantries,  illustrating  the 
three  periods  specially  treated  of. 


ARCHJEOLOGICAL  INSTITUTE. 

JwM  6.  The  Hon.  Richard  Neville, 
y.P.  in  the  Chair. 

The  President  of  Trinity  College,  Ox- 
ford, communicated  an  account  of  the  re- 
cent discovery  of  numerous  relics  of  the 
Roman  period,  at  Studley  Priory,  Oxford- 
shire, accompanied  by  the  exhibition  of  a 


large  assemblage  of  specimens  of  ancient 
fictile  ware,  from  Samian  of  the  most  en- 
riched character  to  the  most  ordinary  fa- 
brication of  late  Romano-British  date. 
These  remains  were  sent  by  the  kind  per- 
mission of  Lady  Croke,  of  Studley  Priory, 
in  whose  possession  they  remain.  Ves- 
tiges of  a  work,  apparently  a  paved  Roman 
way,  had  been  brought  to  light  in  the 
course  of  the  excavations,  and  further  dis- 
coveries are  anticipated. 

Mr.  Birch  offered  some  observations  on 
certain  interesting  objects  which  had  been 
brought  under  his  notice,  being  stamps 
and  moulds  for  the  fabrication  of  ancient 
pottery.  They  are  of  exceedingly  rare  oc- 
currence, but  some  specimens,  as  he  re- 
marked, exist  in  the  Mus^  Ceramique, 
formed  by  the  late  M.  Brongniart,  at 
Sevres :  these  were  discovered  at  Rhein- 
xabem  and  in  Auvergne.  The  relics  ex- 
hibited are  of  a  very  coarse  style  of  art, 
but  serve  to  illustrate  the  processes  of  an- 
cient fabrication,  hitherto  very  imperfectiy 
understood.  They  will  be  deposited  in 
the  Collection  at  the  British  Museum. 

Mr.  Wynne  gave  a  relation  of  the  re- 
sults of  his  recent  investigations  at  Castell 
Bere,  Merionethshire,  a  fortress  of  im- 
portance prior  to  the  conquest  of  Wales 
by  Edward  L  who  remained  there  for 
some  days  in  1284,  but  subsequentiy  it 
appears  to  have  been  wholly  neglected, 
and  it  is  now  so  overgrown  with  trees  that 
the  arrangement  of  the  buildings  can  with 
difficulty  be  traced.  Mr.  Wynne  had  un- 
dertaken some  excavations  on  the  site,  and 
brought  to  light  the  remains  of  architec- 
tural details,  columns,  capitals,  and  sculp- 
tured ornaments,  of  the  Early-English 
period,  of  great  beauty  in  execution :  be 
had  found  numerous  objects,  arrow-heads, 
knives  and  weapons,  the  horns  of  red-deer 
in  abundance,  with  other  relics,  of  which 
he  exhibited  those  most  deserving  of  no- 
tice. He  laid  before  the  meeting  alio 
some  portions,  in  red  sand-stone,  of  the 
walls  of  Gatacre,  Shropshire,  the  ancient 
seat  of  the  family  of  that  name.  These 
walls  appeared  to  have  been  coated  with  a 
coarsely  vitrified  encrustation ;  and  he  ob- 
served that  this  vitrification  extended  even 
to  the  joints  of  the  masonry,  a  peculiarity 
of  construction  seemingly  without  parallel 
in  this  country. 

Mr.  Franks  called  attention  to  the  re- 
markable fact  stated  by  Major  Rawlinson, 
that  he  had  discovered,  in  the  course  of 
his  late  investigations  in  the  East,  certain 
sculptured  stones,  which,  after  being  chi- 
selled, had  been  coated  with  a  vitrified 
crust.  The  vitrified  forts  in  Scotiand  ap- 
pear to  present  some  analogy  in  their  con- 
struction with  the  curious  peculiarity  no* 
ticed  in  Shropshire  by  Mr.  Wynne, 


n 


AnHqnmruM  Rttttatfhtt. 


tJslf. 


The  Rev.  Dr.  Olirer  eoumunicated  a 
dttailed  pedigree  and  memoriala  of  die 
Geurtenay  family,  accompanied  by  tran- 
icripta  oi  the  wills  and  original  nnpnb- 
lifhfd  documents  connected  with  that 
noble  house. 

Mr.  Holmes  sent  a  transcript  of  another 
eorious  paper  relating  to  the  history  of 
Anthony  Eabington,  whose  letter,  suppli- 
cating  the  mercy  of  Elizabeth,  had  been 
brought  before  the  Institute  by  Mr.  Burtt 
at  a  prcTious  meeting.  The  document 
now  produced  is  the  draft  of  a  Proclama- 
tion for  the  apprehension  of  Babington 
and  his  fellow  conspirators,  corrected  by 
the  pen  of  Burghley,  and  in  great  part  in 
bis  own  hand- writing.  It  is  preserted  in 
one  of  the  Laosdowne  MSS.  He  obserred 
that  the  letter  eommunicated  by  Mr.  Burtt 
appeared  to  hate  been  printed  in  the  State 
Trials,  from  a  transcript  now  in  the  Bri- 
tish Museum.  The  existence  of  the  ori- 
ginal letter  had  not  been  ascertained,  after 
most  careful  inquiries.  The  carious  cir- 
cumstance appeared  by  the  Proclamation 
now  brought  under  consideration,  that 
portraits  of  the  conspirators,  were  ordered 
by  Burghley  to  be  circulated,  in  order  to 
render  their  escape  the  more  difficult,  and 
deprive  those  who  should  harbour  them  of 
any  ground  of  excuse  on  the  plea  of  igno- 
rance. Some  conversation  ensuing  in  re- 
gard to  this  singular  precaution,  which  is 
added  in  the  draft  of  the  Proclamation  by 
Lord  Bnrgbley^s  own  hand,  Mr.  Hamilton 
Gray  observed  that  similar  means  had  been 
adopted  by  Qovemment  to  ensure  the  ap- 
prehension of  Lady  Ogilvie,  the  heroine  of 
the  young  Chevalier's  Rebellion  in  1745, 
piotnres  of  her  being  sent  to  the  various 
sea-ports,  to  he  taken  on  board  any  ship, 
in  case  of  a  lady  unknown  demanding  pas- 
sage. One  of  these  portraits  was  actually 
brought  into  the  vessel  in  which  she  es- 
eaped,  and  placed  in  Lady  Ogilvie's  hands; 
upon  which  she  remarked,  with  great  pre- 
sence of  mind,  that  it  was  a  striking  like- 
ness, and  that  with  such  a  guide  they  could 
not  fail  to  discover  the  lady. 

Mr.  Edward  Hoare,  of  Cork,  commn- 
nieated  a  note  of  the  discovery  of  two  an- 
cient cops  or  chalices,  of  mixed  white 
netal,  now  in  his  collection,  and  found 
last  year  at  a  depth  of  six  feet,  near  the 
ruins  of  Kilcoleman  Castle,  co.  Cork. 
The  spot  where  these  vesaels  were  brought 
to  light  had  been  regarded  as  the  site  of  a 
burial-place  connected  with  that  fortress. 
The  castle  is  interesting  as  having  been 
tka  property  and  residence  of  the  poet 
Spenser,  and  the  place  where,  it  is  believed, 
great  portion  of  the  **  Faerie  Queene  "  was 
composed.  Mr.  Hoare  sent  drawings  of 
these  chalices,  of  unusual  fashion.  Mr. 
Ootavioi  Morgan  oonaidcred  the  type  of 


their  form  to  be  of  an  early  character,  aii4 
pointed  out  some  mazer  bowls  of  ancient 
date,  examples  presenting  features  of  ana- 
logy with  these  Irish  cups  of  metal. 

Mr.  Morgan  offered  some  observations 
on  a  collection  of  Viatoria,  travelling  sun- 
dials or  **  journey  rings,"  which  he  laid 
before  the  Society :  and  he  produced  at 
the  same  time  an  interesting  astrolabe, 
date  early  in  the  sixteenth  century,  of 
which  he  had  recently  become  possessed. 

Dr.  Charlton,  of  Newcastle,  brought  for 
the  examination  of  the  Society,  by  the 
kind  permission  of  Cardinal  Wiseman,  a 
MS.  volume  of  considerable  interest,  com- 
prising the  ^ervice  for  the  blessing  of 
"  cramp-rings,''  and  that  used  on  the  oc- 
casion of  Touching  for  the  Evil.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  book  are  emblazoned 
tiie  arms  of  Philip  and  Mary,  and  an  illu- 
mination represents  that  queen  kneeling 
before  the  altar,  with  a  salver  of  the  ringt 
oh  each  side  of  her.  This  part  of  the  vo- 
lume is  entitled, — **Certayn  Prayors  to 
be  used  by  the  Quenes  heighnes  in  the 
Consecration  of  the  Crampe  Rynges."  In 
a  second  illumination,  preceding  the  cere- 
monial for  the  "  heling,"  Mary  again 
appears  placing  her  hands  on  the  neck  of 
a  diseased  person,  presented  to  her  by  the 
chaplain.  Andrew  Boorde,  in  his  *'  Intro- 
duction to  Knowledge,*'  mentions  the  hal- 
lowing of  cramp-rings  by  the  sovereign  of 
England  as  an  usage  annually  observed. 

Mr.  Augustus  Franks  gave  an  account 
of  a  most  elaborate  specimen  of  German 
chasing  in  silver,  a  large  medallion,  exe- 
cuted about  IhSb  by  Heinric  Reitz,  of 
Leipsic :  another  work  of  the  same  skilful 
artist  was  produced  by  Mr.  Morgan,  made 
by  order  of  John  Frederic  Duke  of  Sax- 
ony. Several  pieces  of  plate  were  exhi- 
bited, of  unusual  character,  especially  a 
large  covered  salt,  by  Miss  Ffarington,^ 
and  five  remsrkable  salvers,  brought  by 
Mr.  Rolls.  They  were  found  in  the  mint 
at  Lima,  where  they  had  been  deposited 
as  bullion,  and  are  enriched  with  designs 
of  flowers  and  fruit  in  high  relief.  This 
fine  plate  is  supposed  to  have  been  exe- 
cuted by  the  South  Americans,  under  the 
influence  of  Spanish  taste. 

Mr.  Bird  sent  various  objects  of  inter- 
est :  amongst  which  was  an  inedited  grant 
to  Byknacre  Priory,  Eskcz,  in  the  thir- 
teenth century,  with  seal  appended,  in 
perfect  preservation.  Also,  some  good 
examples  of  ancient  pottery  and  stone 
ware,  &c. 

Mr.  Colnaghi  presented  to  the  Society 
a  fac-simile  cast  from  a  remarkable  heid- 
piece  of  steel,  chased  with  subjects  in  the 
classical  style  of  design,  a  production  of 
the  highest  skill  of  the  Italian  armourers 
in  the  sixteenth  century.     Tht  original 


18A].] 


AnHqnatiati  R^Uarehei. 


fl 


htd  recently  oome  into  bis  possession  with 
a  magnificent  suit  of  armour,  supposed  to 
have  been  worn  by  the  Constable  de  Bour- 
bon, brooght  to  this  coontry  with  some 
beautiful  rondaclies  and  arms  from  Rome, 
during  the  late  <^mmotions  in  Italy. 

The  Rev.  R.  F.  Meredith  sent  an  im- 
pression from  a  sepulchral  slab  in  Somer- 
setshire, engraved  with  a  very  singular 
representation  of  a  knight,  wearing  over  a 
cervelliere  or  skull-cap  a  large  chapei>de- 
fet,  resembling  a  wide  basin  reversed,  upon 
his  head.  This  singular  figure  is  in  mailed 
armour,  with  a  lance  in  the  hand,  and  the 
arms  of  the  Raleghs  on  the  shield;  and  it 
forms  a  very  curious  addition  to  the  list 
of  sepulchral  incised  memories  of  the 
fourteenth  century. 

Tbe  Rev.  Edward  Wilton  sent  a  cast 
from  a  bronze  figure  of  Minerva,  found  by 
a  shepherd  in  an  inclosed  pasture,  or 
tining,  on  Salisbury  Plain.  An  ancient 
encampment  esists  in  the  neighbourhood. 
The  figure  is  of  singular  design,  although 
not  apparently  of  very  hi^h  antiquity :  but 
its  deposit  in  such  a  spot  is  not  easily  ex- 
plained. Not  far  distant  is  a  place  where 
coins,  weapons,  Sec,  have  been  frequently 
found ;  also  a  small  figure  or  lor,  repre- 
lentiog  Mercury. 

Numerous  impressions  from  ancient 
icals  were  laid  upon  the  tablet  some  of 
them  of  much  interest,  especially  that  of 
John  de  la  Pole.  £arl  of  Lincoln,  temp. 
Sdw.  IV.  being  his  seal  as  Lord  Lieute- 
nant of  Ireland ;  alsothatof  John  Holand, 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  Lord  High  Admiral, 
the  matrix  found  in  a  moat  in  Somerset- 
shire ;  the  fine  corporation  seal  of  Droit- 
wich;  with  several  monastic  seals  of  vari- 
ous periods. 

BRITISH  ARCHiEOLOGICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

May  28.  Dr.  William  Bell  read  a 
paper  upon  the  figure  of  a  Spbynx  found 
at  Thorda  in  Transylvania,  almost  identical 
with  une  of  the  same  fabulous  beast  dug 
up  and  now  preserved  at  Colchester. 
(Engraved  in  the  Gent.  Mag.  for  Feb. 
1822,  p.  107.)  The  former  one  is  of 
bronze,  apparently  intended  for  a  standard, 
with  a  raised  inscription  in  well-pre- 
served relief  round  its  base.  The  first 
six  letters  are  the  emphatic  redupli- 
cation of  the  letters  SML  SML, 
which,  with  the  neeeesary  vowels,  would 
five  the  reading  of  the  entire  name 
Samuel,  or,  as  it  was  upon  the  triumph  of 
the  Christian  religion,  transferred  to  a 
fiend  or  wood-demon,  under  the  appella- 
tion of  Zamiel,  now  preserved  to  all  time 
in  Weber's  Freischutz.  Dr.  Bell  then 
•baerved  that  though,  in  conformity  to 
feaeral  use.  he  pronounced  the  name  of 
am  indigenous  Sabii|e  deity  Camnlns,  yet, 
from  the  known   convertibility    of   the 


e  and  s,  the  more  correct  pronnnciation 
ought  to  be  Samulus,  and  in  fact  in  tkB 
old  classic  alphabets  c  and  s  were  identical 
in  form,  as  in  the  modern  French  the  t 
with  its  cedule  is  always  pronounced  as  a. 
The  worship  of  this  Sabine  deity  was 
much  cultivated  by  the  Gens  CUndia,  of 
which  the  Emperor  Claudius — as  all  hia 
predecessors  from  Tiberius,  who  wss  also  a 
Claudius  (Suet,  vita  Tiberii,  cap.  L)  and  a 
Sabine  from  tbe  small  town  Regillus,  was 
a  prominent  member;  and  as  the  first  Ro- 
man settler  of  Britain,  and  the  founder  of 
the  Roman  colony  of  Colchester,  would 
have  all  his  predilections  fostered,  and  his 
devotions  followed  by  the  grateful  or 
adulative  legionaries,  who  also,  as  we  learn 
from  Geofifrey  of  Monmouth,  gave  this 
city  of  his  foundation  the  name  of  Claa- 
diopolis.  The  connection  of  the  Gens 
Claudia  with  the  sphynx  is  easily  traceable 
in  the  verbal  agreement  of  the  Latin 
Claudius,  Claudeas,  with  the  Greek  Oidin-os 
both  of  which  signify  /ante,  deprived  of  the 
feet,  and  it  is  therefore  curious  and  con- 
formative  that  both  the  Thorda  and  Col- 
chester sphynxes  represent  the  mangled 
remains  of  all  the  other  parts  of  a  human 
body,  tbe  head  very  prominent,  except 
the  feet.  That  a  temple  was  erected  to 
Claudius  in  Colchester,  we  learn  from 
Tacitus  (Ann.  xiv.  S9-39)  and  this  sphyni 
may  have  been  the  figure  of  his  indigenous 
deity,  which  the  ancient  Etrurians  (of 
whom  the  Sabines  were  a  portion),  with 
the  earliest  Greek  and  Egyptian  nations, 
had  in  common.  And  it  is  not  beside  the 
question  to  remark,  that  the  earliest 
heroes  of  the  name  Camillus,  were  all  of 
the  Gens  Furia,  which  may  have  originat- 
ed in  the  verbal  conformity  of  their  name 
with  the  sphynx,  which,  whether  as  harpy, 
gorgon,  or  fury,  would  represent  the 
same  personification  of  fury  and  rapine. 

Mr.  Davis  exhibited  several  specimens 
of  pottery  found  in  excavating  in  Bonner*s 
Fields,  the  peculiarity  of  which  appeared 
in  the  interior  of  the  lower  part  of  the 
neck,  in  each  of  which  was  a  division  from 
the  body,  with  perforations.  Mr.  Cum- 
ing identified  these  with  some  in  his  own 
collection  from  the  East  Indies,  and  which 
are  used  at  the  present  day,  the  division 
being  made  to  prevent  insects,  lizards, 
and  other  things  from  getting  in. 

Mr.  Burkitt  exhibited  copies  of  two 
sepulehral  slabs  from  the  churchyard  of 
Christ  Church,  Newgate  Street.  The 
inscriptions  are  in  Norman  French,  their 
date  the  end  of  the  13th  century,  and  they 
have  been  hitherto  unnoticed. 


r 


BURY    AKB   WB8T   SUFFOLK   AtLCMMQ' 
LOGICAL  INSTITUTB. 

This  Institute  held  its  quarterly  gtncml 
meeting,  June  6,  under  tlie  presideaey  o^ 


72 


Proceedings  in  Parliament 


[July, 


C.  J.  F.  Bunbury,  esq.  The  company 
met  at  the  hoiue  of  John  Gwilt,  esq.  of 
Icklingham,  where  that  gentleman  had 
arranged  in  one  room  a  variety  of  Roman 
antiquities  found  at  that  place,  and  in 
another  a  carious  collection  of  Saxon  or- 
naments, &c.  from  the  adjoining  parish  of 
West  Stow.  An  interesting  paper  by  Sir 
Henry  E.  Bunbury,  Bart,  on  the  nature 
of  the  Roman  occupation  of  Icklingham, 
having  been  read,  Mr.  Tymms  gave  a  brief 
account  of  the  Saxon  antiquities  found  at 
Stow,  shewing  how  they  agreed  with  some 
peculiarities  observable  in  the  remains  of 
the  same  people  discovered  in  other  parts 
of  the  kingdom,  and  calling  attention  to 
the  singular  fact  that  the  spot  at  Stow, 
where  nought  but  Saxon  remains  have 
been  met  with,  closely  adjoins  that  in  the 
neighbouring  parish,  where  only  Roman 
objects  are  turned  up.  Owing  to  the  quan- 
tity of  rain  that  had  fallen,  and  the  un- 
comfortable state  of  the  weather,  the  party 
were  unable  to  proceed  to  the  site  of  the 
Roman  camp  or  station ;  but  went  to  the 
church  of  All  Saints,  where  the  fine  Early - 
English  scroll-work  in  iron  on  the  church 
chest,  and  the  decorated  chancel  pave- 
ment, gave  rise  to  some  interesting  con- 
versation. Mr.  E.  K.  Bennet  here  read  a 
paper  on  the  church,  shewing  that  there 
were  formerly  three  churches  in  this  now 
small  village ;  one  of  which,  dedicated  to 
St.  Mary,  is  not  even  known  by  tradition. 
The  others,  dedicated  to  St  James  and  All 
Saints,  still  remain.  The  latter,  of  the  De- 
corated period,  has  much  to  interest  the 
ecclesiologtst.  The  company  thence  pro- 
ceeded to  Mildenhall,  where,  through  the 
kindness  of  C.  J.  F.  Bunbury,  esq.  they 
were  permitted  to  meet  in  the  old  dining 
hall  of  the  Manor  House,  formerly  the 
seat  of  the  Norths  and  the  Hanmers.     The 


hall  was  hung  round  with  rubbings  of  fine 
brasses,  from  the  extensive  collection  of 
J.  Holmes,  esq.  and  in  a  glass  case  in  the 
centre,  and  on  the  other  table,  was  a  large 
and  extremely  curious  assemblage  of  anti- 
quities, more  particularly  of  the  Roman 
and  Saxon  periods.  Mr.  Tymms  then  read 
a  paper  descriptive  of  the  fine  church  of 
Mildenhall,  including  some  account  of  a 
monument  known  only  as  **  the  lord 
mayor's  tomb,''  and  which  Mr.  Tymms 
has  found  reason  to  assign  to  Sir  Henry 
Barton,  lord  mayor  of  London  in  1425-6. 
Mr.  Tymms  was  also  able  from  contem- 
porary documents  to  show  that  the  apart- 
ment over  the  fine  north  porch  was  used 
as  the  Lady's  chapel ;  a  peculiarity  of 
which  he  believed  only  one  other  instance 
was  known,  in  the  neighbouring  church  of 
Fordham ;  and  that  the  masses  of  masonry 
in  the  churchyard,  which  have  puzzled 
local  antiquaries,  are  remains  of  the  Chapel 
of  the  Charnel  ;  and  from  a  large  monu- 
mental  slab  in  the  chancel,  denuded  of  its 
brass,  that  the  remarkably  fine  east  win- 
dow and  other  decorated  insertions  were 
the  work  of  Richard  de  Wichforde,  one  of 
its  Vicars.  The  church  is  a  noble  edifice, 
with  some  fine  examples  of  early-English 
work  in  the  chancel  and  in  a  side  chapel; 
and  elaborately  carved  roofs  to  the  nave 
and  aisles, — probably,  with  the  font,  the 
work  of  Sir  Henry  Barton,  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  15th  century.  As  the  church 
is  about  to  undergo  extensive  reparations, 
it  is  hoped  that  the  parties  charged  with 
their  direction  will  preserve  with  care  the 
many  parts  of  it  which  excited  so  much 
interest  and  admiration  on  this  occasion. 
In  the  evening  nearly  thirty  gentlemen  sat 
down  to  an  excell^it  dinner  at  the  Bell 
Inn,  C.  J.  F.  Bunbury,  esq.  in  the  chair. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS    IN    PARLIAMENT. 


House  of  Commons. 
May  26.    The  consideration  in  com- 
mittee of   the    ECCLKBIASTICAL    TiTLES 

BUI  having  been  resumed,  Mr.  Keoph 
moved  the  insertion  after  the  word  '*  void," 
of  the  words  "  in  England,"  thereby  ex- 
empting Ireland  from  the  operation  of  the 
clause.  This  amendment  was  rejected  by 
84  to  39. — A  further  amendment  was  then 
proposed  by  Mr.  Ktogh^  declaring  that 
nothing  contained  in  the  clause  should 
prevent  the  free  action  of  the  Catholic 
9 


prelates  in  Ireland,  as  regarded  their  spi- 
ritual functions. — The  amendment  was 
opposed  by  the  AVomey-Oeneraif  who 
contended  that  no  interference  would  be 
exercised  by  the  present  Bill  with  any  spi- 
ritual functions  of  the  bishops,  unless  ex- 
ercised under  the  prohibited  titles.  The 
amendment  was  rejected  by  a  majority  of 
344  to  59. — Another  amendment  was  pro- 
posed by  Mr.  Sadleir,  to  the  e£fect  that 
no  legal  proceeding  should  take  place 
under  the  Act  for  anything  done  io  par- 


ie5h] 


Proceedings  in  Parliament, 


78 


suance  of  the  practice  in  use  anterior  to 
the  year  1850.  This  was  also  negatived, 
by  278  to  47. 

May  27.  Mr.  Baillie  moved  a  series 
of  resolutions  condemnatory  of  the  panish- 
ments  inflicted  during  the  disturbances  in 
Ceylon  ;  of  the  conduct  of  Lord  Tor- 
rington,  the  late  governor  of  that  island  ; 
and  of  that  of  Earl  Grey,  in  signifying  her 
Majesty's  approbation  of  Lord  Torring- 
ton^s  conduct  during  and  subsequent  to 
the  disturbances. — Lord  Grosvenor  justi- 
fied the  policy  of  Lord  Torrington,  on  ac- 
count of  the  exigency  in  which  he  found 
the  colony  placed. — After  some  discussion 
the  debate  was  adjourned  to  the  29th, 
when  Lord  /.  Russeli  reviewed  the  general 
administration  of  Lord  Torrington,  and 
declared  that  he  had  in  a  few  weeks  sup- 
pressed a  rebellion  and  eradicated  its  seeds ; 
he  had  left  in  prosperity  a  colony  which 
he  had  found  embarrassed,  and  the  people 
tranquil  who  had  been  on  the  verge  of  a 
rebellion. — The  House  divided,  when  the 
motion  was  negatived  by  282  to  202. 

May  28.  On  committal  of  the  Rail- 
way Audit  Bill,  an  amendment,  moved 
by  Mr.  ElticCj  and  opposed  by  the  pro- 
moters of  the  Bill,  was  carried,  on  a  divi- 
sion, by  77  to  42  votes. —Mr.  Packe  sub- 
sequently declared  that  the  Bill  was  a 
mass  of  inconsistencies;  and,  notwith- 
standing a  remonstrance  from  Mr.  Locke 
on  behalf  of  the  measure,  moved  that  the 
chairman  should  leave  the  chair. — The 
committee  divided — For  Mr.  Packe's  mo- 
tion, 62  ;  against,  56. — The  Bill  was  con- 
sequently lost. 

May  30.  In  committee  on  the  Eccle- 
siastical Titles  Bill,  Mr.  Keogh  moved 
an  amendment  that  no  judicial  proceedings 
should  be  instituted  under  the  Act  without 
the  consent  of  the  Attorney-General  being 
first  had  and  obtained.  This  amendment 
was  discussed  for  some  time,  and  nega- 
tived without  a  division. — The  question, 
"  that  the  first  clause  stand  part  of  the 
Bill,"  having  been  put,  the  committee  di- 
vided, for  the  clause,  246,  against  it,  62. 

The  second  reading  of  the  Colonial 
Qualification  Bill  was  moved  by  Mr. 
UtUt. — Mr,  Stanford  moved  as  an  amend- 
ment, that  the  Bill  be  read  a  second  time 
that  day  six  months.  A  division  was 
taken — For  the  second  reading,  72;  for 
the  amendment,  31. — Read  2°. 

Jtaie  2.  Mr.  Hume  moved  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Select  Committee  on  the  Income 
Tax. — Mr.  Freahfield  moveA  as  an  amend- 
ment that  the  order  for  nominating  such 
committee  should  be  discharged. — ^The 
House  divided,  for  appointing  a  committee, 
193,  against,  94 ;  but,  in  consequence  of 
ihe  difficulties  oetween  the  Government 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


and  Mr.  Hume  in  its  selection,  the  nomi- 
nation was  deferred. 

June  4.  Lord  Melgund  moved  the  se- 
cond reading  of  the  School  Establish- 
ment OF  Scotland  Bill.  The  measure 
was  designed  to  provide  a  system  of  edu- 
cation limited  to  secular  subjects,  but  sup- 
ported by  local  taxation,  and  subjected  to 
local  government.  The  noble  lord  vindi- 
cated the  use  and  even  necessity  of  the 
Bill  by  pointing  to  the  fact  that  the  pre- 
sent means  of  instruction,  of  every  de> 
scription,  did  not  provide  for  more  than 
300,000  pupils,  which  was  less  than  half 
the  number  of  children  in  Scotland  of  an 
age  to  require  instruction.  He  added 
that,  out  of  5,000  existing  schools,  1,800 
were  altogether  unconnected  with  any  re- 
ligious  denomination,  and  were  found, 
nevertheless,  to  work  exceedingly  well. — 
Mr.  /.  Mackenzie,  in  moving  that  the  Bill 
be  read  a  second  time  that  day  six  months, 
confessed  the  importance  of  providing  ex- 
tended means  of  education  in  Scotland, 
but  could  not  consent  to  subvert  the  pre- 
sent parochial  school  system,  nor  to  dis- 
sever  religious  from  secular  instruction. — 
The  House  divided — For  the  second  read- 
ing, 124;  against,  137.  The  Bill  was 
consequently  lost. 

June  5.  Sir  G.  Grey  moved  the  second 
reading  of  the  METaopoLis  Water 
Works  Bill.  This  measure,  though  in- 
troduced by  the  government,  belonged  to 
the  class  of  private  billa,  and  was  opposed 
on  many  questions,  principally  on  account 
of  the  variety  of  private  interests  with 
which  it  threatens  injurious  interference. 
An  amendment  was  moved  by  Mr.  Moffat 
that  the  Bill  be  read  a  second  time  that 
day  six  months. — Sir  G.  Grey  trusted 
that  the  House  would  consent  to  the 
second  reading,  offering  to  send  the  bill 
afterwards  before  a  committee  of  selection. 
—The  House  divided— For  the  2nd  read- 
ing, 95;  for  the  amendment,  79.    Read2o. 

Mr.  T,  Baring  moved  a  resolution  set- 
ting forth  that  the  recent  excise  regulations, 
by  which  the  dealers  were  allowed  to  mix 
Chicory  with  coffee,  had  stimulated  adul- 
teration and  other  fraudulent  practices 
with  respect  to  the  article  in  question. — 
Sir  /.  TroUope  vindicated  the  home- 
growers  of  chicory.— The  Chancellor  t^f 
the  Exchequer  believed  that  the  mixture 
of  chicory  and  coffee  was  quite  as  whole- 
some, and  by  many  consumers  deemed 
more  palatable  than  coffee  alone.  As  a 
practical  question  it  was  found  impossible 
to  prevent  the  admixture,  and  the  Treasury 
had  consequently  withdrawn  the  penalties 
for  an  offence  which  they  could  not  pro- 
hibit,— On  a  division  there  appeared — 
For  the  resolution,  89 ;  against  it,  94,    . 


T4 


Fortign  Ntwt. 


ii^ 


June  6.  In  Committee  on  the  Ecclv- 
SIA8TICAL  Titles  Bill,  Sir  F.  Tkeaiyer 
proposed  to  add  certain  words,  giving 
power  to  any  subject  to  initiate  an  action 
for  the  penalties  created  under  the  bill, 
provided  the  consent  of  the  Attorney- 
Gnsneral  were  first  duly  obtained. — Mr. 
Waipole  supported  the  amendment,  re- 
marking that  they  might  hereafter  very 
possibly  have  a  Roman  Catholic  Attorney- 
Qenersl. — Lord  /.  Ruasell  contended  that 
for  an  offence  against  the  dignity  and 
supremacy  of  the  Crown,  the  law  adviser 
of  the  Crown  wa*  the  appropriate  prose> 
outor.— The  committee  divided— For,  130; 
against,  166. 

The  Honse  having  gone  into  committee 

on   HOMK-MADB    SPIRITS    IN  BOND,   the 

QkimeeUor  qf  the  Exchequer  immediately 
moved  that  the  chairman  leave  the  chair. 
On  a  division  the  motion  was  negatived 
by  123  to  NO ;  and  the  Government  was 
again  defeated  on  this  question. — The  re- 
solutions proposed  by  Lord  Naae  were 
then  put  and  agreed  to. 

June  13.  L^rd  /.  Rksteli  moved  for 
leave  to  bring  in  a  bill  to  improve  the 
administration  of  Justice  in  the  Court  of 
CflANCBRYt  and  the  Judicial  Committee 
of  Privy  Council ;  and  also  a  Bill  to  regu- 
late the  salaries  of  the  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  and  the  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas. 
It  was  desirable,  as  he  stated  on  a  former 
occasion,  tl»at  the  political  and  judicial 
functions  of  the  Lord  Chancellor  should 
be  eeparated.  He  thought  the  Lord 
Chancellor  should  continue  as  the  Speaker 
•f  the  Hou»e  of  Lords,  and  should  preside 
in  that  House  as  the  Highest  Court  of 
Al^f^al.  He  proposed  that  two  Judges, 
to  be  called  the  Judges  of  the  Appeal 
Court,  should  be  appointed,  who  would 
sit  and  decide  when  the  Lord  Chancellor 
could  not  attend  ;  and  who,  when  he  was 
fitting,  wouid  assist  him  in  disposing  of 
tlie  business  of  tl;e  Court  He  further 
proposed,  that  if  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
S^U  o€  Appeal  ehookl  iiave  time  to  do 


so,  he  should  sit  for  any  of  the  othor 
Equity  Judges  who  might  be  ill.  ^^ 
therefore  moved  for  leave  to  bring  in  i^ 
Bill  for  the  appointment  of  two  additional 
Judges  to  sit  in  the  Court  of  Chancery ; 
and  he  further  proposed  that  the  salary  pf 
the  Lord  Chancellor  should  be  reduced 
from  14,000/.  to  10,000/.  a  year,  with  th^ 
same  retiring  allowance  as  at  present ;  and 
he  proposed  also  to  reduce  the  salary  of 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls  from  7,000/.  to 
6,000/.  making  a  saving  of  5,000/.  to  meet 
the  expenses  of  12,000/.  a  year,  which « 
with  a  salary  of  6,000/.  a  year  for  each  of 
the  two  new  Judges,  would  be  the  addi- 
tional expense  created. 

The  Cheneeliorofihe  Rxcheguer  moved 
that  a  sum  not  exceeding  300,000/.  hp 
voted  for  defraying  the  expenses  of  the 
Kai iR  WAR. — Agreed  to. 

The  following  members  were  appointed 
to  form  the  select  committee  on  the  In- 
come Tax  :  The  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer, Mr.  F.  Baring,  Mr.  Cobdea, 
Mr.  Disraeli,  Mr.  Horsham,  Mr.  Henley, 
Lord  Naas,  Mr.  Newdegate,  Mr.  F.  Peel, 
Mr.  Ricardo,  Mr.  Roebuck,  Col.  RomiUy, 
Lord  H.  Vane,  and  Mr.  F.  Villiers. 

On  the  vote  of  23,S39/.  for  public 
buildings,  &c.  in  Ireland,  Mr.  Spoontr 
moved  to  reduce  it  by  the  sum  of  1,236/. 
proposed  for  the  repairs  of  Matnootb 
College. — The  vote  as  proposed  was 
carried  by  only  a  narrow  majority  of  two, 
there  being  1 10  for  the  reduced  vote,  and 
121  against  it. 

The  third  reading  of  the  Acts  of  Pab- 
Li  AMENT  Abbreviation  Bill  was  moved. 
—The  division  showed— For  the  third 
reading,  13;  against,  66;  and  the  BiU 
was  consequently  lost. 

June  17.  Mr.  Bane  moved  a  resolution, 
declaring  that  one-half  of  the  existing  Tak 
ON  Malt  should  be  repealed  on  and  after 
the  10th  Oct.  1852.— The  House  divided 
—For  the  motion,  31  j  against  it,  76. 

June  18.  The  Sunday  Trading  Prb- 
VBNTiON  Bill,  introduced  by  Mr.  Wiltiamtt 
was  thrown  out  by  a  majority  of  77  to4S. 


POREIGN    NEWS. 


VkAKC*. 

.t)n  the  2Dd  June  the  railroad  from  Paris 
|ol}gon,  the  ancient  capital  of  Burgundy, 
was  opened  with  much  solemnity.  The 
i^Msidrnt  honoured  Dijon  with  bis  pre- 
puce, and  took  tl»e  opportunity  to  make 
a  political  decoration.  He  aaserted  that 
France  does  not  desire  either  the  return  of 
the  ancient  restate,  under  whatever  form  it 
might  be  disguised,  nor  the  trial  of  die- 
juitrous  and  impracticable  Utopias ;  and  if 


his  government  had  not  realised  all  tim 
ameliorations  it  had  in  view,  the  blamB 
lay  in  the  manoeuvres  of  factions,  which 
paralysed  the  good  dispositions  of  assom- 
blies  as  well  as  of  governments.      Mere 

Cersonal  interests  be  entirely  disregarded, 
ut  whatever  the  country  imposed  on  him 
he  would  resolutely  execute,  for  France 
should  not  perish  in  his  lynds.  He  then 
alluded  to  the  proposals  made  in  favour  of 
a  revision  of  the  conatitution ;  nnd  sniri  ho 


tSSl.] 


TPoT^eigfi  tfeuit. 


Ys 


•would  wait  with  confidence  tlie  manifesta- 
tion of  the  country  and  the  decision  of  the 
.assembly. 

Meanwhile,  the  agitation  for  the  re- 
tision  of  the  constitution  is  assuming  a 
more  formidable  shape.  The  number  of 
important  places  which  have  already  pe- 
titioned the  Assembly  in  its  favour  is  very 
great.  On  the  other  hand  the  Central 
Committee  of  Resistance  has  issued  a  bul- 
letin, declaring  that  any  member  of  the 
^atiuniil  Assembly  who  shall  vote  for  the 
re-establishment  of  the  Monarchy,  the 
revision  of  the  Constitution  without  ob- 
ferving  the  prescriptions  contained  in  it, 
or  the  prolongation  of  the  powers  of  Louis 
Napoleon,  shall  be  considered  as  having 
sigued  his  own  sentence  of  death. 

ITALY. 

ftome  continues  in  a  very  bad  state  ; 
both  the  French  and  Papal  governments 
have  been  obliged  to  have  recourse  to  the 
tf  rictfst  measures,  and  a  fresh  and  not  in- 
•considerable  number  of  arrests  have  been 
made,  to  add  to  the  already  overcrowded 

$iiaons,  and  some  men  who  resisted  the 
'rench  police  have  been  shot.  The  fort 
.St.  Angelo  has  been  repaired  by  the 
French,  and  stocked  with  provisions  and 
ammunition  ;  it  is  ca|iable  of  holding  a 
very  strong  garrison.  They  have  also  had 
the  coast  well  sounded  in  the  vicinity  of 
Civita  Vecchia:  all  these  preparations 
aeem  to  portend  a  protracted  occupation. 

AX6ERTA. 

The  French  entered  the  country  of 
Lower  Kab)iia  on  the  11th  of  May,  and 
were  desperately  opposed  by  the  inhabi- 
tants, who,  however,  were  driven  from  all 
thfir  positions,  and  the  blockade  of  Gigelli 
raised.  The  loss  of  the  French  was  esti- 
mated at  100  killed  and  300  wounded,  and 
that  of  the  Kabyles  at  437  killed  and 
1 .200  wounded ;  42  villages  were  burnt  on 
the  15th  and  17th. 

bkl6iitm. 

A  very  singular  trial  has  been  occupying 
great  attention  in  Belgium.  The  accused 
were  the  Count  and  Countess  de  Bocarm^, 
one  of  the  oldest  families  in  the  country, 
and  the  crime  laid  to  their  charge  ts  that 
of  having  poisoned  the  Countess's  brother, 
Gustave  Fougnies,  in  order  to  obtain  his 
fortune.  After  seventeen  days  of  trial,  the 
jury  gave  a  verdict  of  Guilty  against  the 
Count  and  Not  Guilty  against  his  wife. 
The  Court  pronounced  sentence  of  death 
upon  Uippolyte  Visart  de  Bocarm^,  and 
decreed  that  the  execution  should  take  place 
in  one  of  the  squares  of  Mons. 

SPAIN. 

The  Concordat  recently  conduded  be- 


tween the  Queen  of  Spain  and  the  P<9pe 
declares  that  the  Roman  Catholic  religion 
shall  be  maintained,  to  the  exclusion  of  all 
others,  for  ever.  A  new  Archbishopric 
of  Valladolid  is  created,  in  addition  to  the 
existing  Archbishoprics  of  Toledo,  Burgos, 
Granada,  Santiago,  Seville,  Tarragons, 
Valencia,  and  Zaragoza.  Eight  bishop- 
rics are  suppressed,  and  three  new  ones-^ 
of  Madrid,  Ciudad-Real,  and  Vittoria— 
created.  The  income  of  the  ArchbishO|M 
range  from  160,000  to  130,000  reals,  tho«e 
of  the  Bishops  from  110,000  to  80,000. 
Stipulations  are  also  made  for  the  payment 
of  the  clergy,  for  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  religious  houses,  both  for 
men  and  women,  and  for  the  restoration, 
the  sale,  and  investment  in  the  funds  for 
church  purposes,  of  the  unsold  ecclesias- 
tical property.  The  possessors  of  alien- 
ated property  sre  to  remain  in  undisturbed 
jpossession,  subject  to  certain  charges. 

DENMAftK. 

In  a  Cabinet  Council  held  at  Copen- 
hagen on  the  28th  May,  under  the  presi- 
dency of  the  King,  the  question  of  the 
succession  to  the  throne  of  Denmark  was 
resolved  in  favour  of  the  young  Prince 
Christian  of  GlQcksburg,  who  has  been 
adopted  by  the  King.  In  case  of  the  di« 
mise  of  the  Prince  the  crown  is  to  devolve 
upon  his  descendants  to  the  exclusion  t>f 
the  house  of  Augustenburg,  the  members 
of  which,  as  first  agnats,  lay  claim  to  the 
sovereignty  of  the  Duchies  of  Schleswig- 
Holstein  on  the  decease  of  the  present 
King- Duke.  The  decision  of  the  King 
awaits  the  ratification  of  the  Chambers, 
which  will  shortly  be  convoked. 

CALirOBVlA. 

On  the  l^h  March  a  fire  broke  out  at 
Nevada  City,  which  originated  in  a  bow- 
ling alley,  and  was  supposed  to  be  the 
work  of  an  incendiary.  The  flames  ex- 
tended in  all  directions  with  great  rapi- 
dity, and  continued  to  rage  until  the  fifirsaft 
part  of  the  city  was  destfoyed.  Upwards 
of  SOO  houses  were  either  burned  or  torA 
down  to  stop  further  ravages.  By  this 
terrible  calamity  more  than  2,000  persons 
have  lost  their  all.  Th^  total  loss  sua- 
Uiued  is  estimated  at  1,300.000  dollars. 
This  does  not  include  the  gold  dust  which 
was  in  the  possession  of  individuals,  and 
which  is  estimated  at  100,000  doAsrk 
more. 

YTKirsn  StATKS. 

The  seventh  census  of  the  United  StatCf 

been  o       leted.     The  following  art 

■'-^  States !   Free  inhat^il 

^es  119.     ^  Slave 

.    6,39i,74T| 

nd  territories: 


76 


Domestic  Occurrences, 


[July, 


Free  inhabitaQts,  160,824  ;  slaves,  3,687. 
Total  popalatioo ,  23,267,498.  The  whole 
namber  of  representatives  is  233.  The 
following  states  each  have  a  member  added 
to  the  number  of  the  apportionment : — 
Alabama,  Connecticat,  Delaware,  Florida, 
Georgia,  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Massachus- 
setts,  Maryland,  Missouri,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  Tennessee, 
Texas.  New  York  will  have  thirty-two 
members  by  ration  and  one  for  fractions. 
Virginia  is  only  entitled  to  thirteen. 
The  New  York   and  Erie  Railway  is 


finished,  and  passengers  pass  from  Dun- 
kirk on  Lake  Erie  to  New  York  in  a  sin- 
gle day.  The  distance  is  about  400  miles. 
This  is  one  of  the  greatest  efforts  of  mo- 
dem times.  It  is  equivalent  in  value  to 
the  Erie  Canal,  and  opens  vast  regions  to 
the  commerce  of  the  city. 

CANADA. 

The  Queenston  Suspension  Bridge,  the 
largest  structure  of  the  kind  in  the  world, 
being  1000  feet  long,  has  also  been 
opened. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


The  totals  of  the  recent  Census  have 
been  published,  and  present  the  following 
increase  in  the  population  : — 

June  7,  1850.    March  31,  1851. 
England  and  Wales     .    15,911,757    17.905,831 

Scotland 3,620,184      2,870,784 

Islands  in  the  British 
Seas 124,040        142,916 

The  population  of  London  has  increased 
from  1,948,369  to  2,363,141.    . 

SHROPSHiaK. 

The  three  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
Royal  Foundation  of  Shrewsbury  School 
has  been  celebrated.  On  Wednesday 
April  30,  after  a  public  breakfast,  at 
which  about  a  hundred  gentlemen  were 
pratent,  Haydn's  grand  oratorio  of  "The 
Creation  '*  was  performed  in  the  Music 
Hall,  and  in  the  evening  the  Head  Master 
received  nearly  five  hundred  guests  in 
the  ttpper  school  and  library.  On  Thurs- 
day May  1,  a  large  procession  attended 
the  Visitor,  the  Bishop  of  Lichfield,  from 
the  Sclfool  to  St.  Mary's  Church,  where  a 
sermon  appropriate  to  the  occasion  was 
preached  by  his  Lordship.  In  the  evening 
nearly  four  hundred  gentlemen  dined  to- 
gether in  the  Music  Hall.  The  attend- 
ance of  old  members  of  the  school  ex- 
ceeded two  hundred.  A  determination 
was  expressed  to  commemorate  the  festival 
by  the  foundation  of  an  exhibition  or  prize, 
open  to  general  competition. 

SCOTLAND. 

A  mining  experiment  on  a  gigantic  scale 
has  been  brought  to  a  satisfactory  con- 
clusion under  the  superintendence  of  Mr. 
Goldsworthy  Gumey.  Its  object  was  to 
extinguish  the  fire  of  the  Burning  Waste 
q^CZacihuafMOfi,  which  has  raged  for  about 
30  years  over  an  area  of  26  acres,  at  the 
South  Sauchie  Colliery  near  Alloa.  Mr. 
Gumey's  method  of  effecting  this  object 
WM  to  force  a  stream  of  chokedamp 
through  the  mine  by  means  of  the  high- 
prcfture  steam  jet,  in  order  to  put  out  the 


fire  and  sfterwards  to  cool  down  the  mine 
below  any  degree  of  heat  that  would  per- 
mit it  to  re-ignite  on  the  admission  of 
atmospheric  air.  Not  less  than  8,000,000 
cubic  feet  of  chokedamp  were  injected 
into  the  mine  at  the  rate  of  7,000  cubic 
feet  per  minute,  and  it  being  ascertained 
that  the  mine  was  completely  filled  with 
the  chokedamp,  it  was  kept  so  for  three 
weeks,  after  which,  by  the  power  of  the 
steam  jet,  which  had  been  used  for  the  in- 
jection of  the  chokedamp,  water  was  driven 
into  the  shaft  in  the  form  of  the  finest 
spray,  and  the  temperature  was  thus 
gradually  reduced  from  250<*  to  98<'.  A 
shaft  was  then  sunk  into  the  middle  of  the 
burning  waste  at  the  point  where  the  fire 
was  supposed  to  have  been  most  fierce. 
The  roof  was  here  found  to  have  fallen,  so 
that  it  was  impossible  to  enter.  The  fire, 
however,  was  extinct.  Several  bore-holes 
were  afterwards  driven  into  the  waste  at 
different  points,  and  no  fire  could  be  db- 
covered  ;  and  this  mighty  volcano  is  ex- 
tinct. The  vast  amount  of  property  en- 
dangered (in  this  case  of  the  value  of 
near  200,000/.)  and  the  frequency<<if  the 
occurrence  of  these  kinds  of  accidents, 
give  a  great  public  interest  to  this  opera* 
tion.  It  is  but  two  years  ago  that  the 
proprietor  of  the  Dalquarren  coalmine  in 
Ayrshire  lost,  in  half  an  hour,  1,200/. 
a-year,  by  a  fire  breaking  out  in  one  of 
his  pits,  which  led  to  the  total  abandon-  , 
ment  of  the  seam  in  which  it  occurred. 
It  has  burnt  and  destroyed  the  wood  on 
the  surface,  and  extended  over  14  acres, 
but  is  now  undergoing  extinction  by  the 
same  process,  with  every  prospect  of  suc- 
cess. 

The  splendid  estate  of  Closeburu  has 
been  purchased  by  Douglas  Baird,  esq.  of 
Gartsherrie,  for  the  sum  of  1 80,000/.  This, 
with  his  previous  purchase  of  the  Shaw*s 
estate,  at  45,000/.  (being  originally  part 
of  Closeburn),  will  form  one  of  the  mopt 
princely  estates  in  Scotland. 


77 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazbtte  Preferments. 

A/ay  5.  The  Rif^ht  Hon.  Andrew  Rutherfurd 
sworn  of  the  Pn?y  Council.—H.T.  G.  Fitz- 
gerald to  be  Major  of  the  1st  West  York  Militia. 

Ma^  14.  Markland  Barnard,  esq.  to  be  one 
of  H.  M.  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at-Arms, 
vice  O'Kelly.— Lieut.-Col.  William  Reed,  C.B. 
of  Royal  JSng^.  to  be  one  of  the  Gentlemen 
Ushers  to  H-  R.  H.  Prince  Albert,  vice  Major- 
Oen.  Godwin,  C.B.  resigned. 

May  15.  Duncan  M'Neill,  esij.  Dean  of 
Facnlty,  to  be  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session  in 
Scotland,  vice  J.  H.  Mackenzie,  esq.  resig^ned. 

May  2o.  William  Georg^e  Anderson,  esq.  to 
be  Auditor  of  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall,  vice 
Edward  White,  esq.  resigned. 

May  27.  William  Hogre  and  Charles  Mos- 
tyn  Owen,  esqrs.  to  be  Assistants  to  Ldeut.- 
Oen.  Sir  H.  G.  W.  Smith,  Bart.  G.C.B.,  Go- 
vernor of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  as  Her 
Majesty's  High  Commissioner  for  settling  the 
territories  in  Southern  Africa,  adjacent  to  the 
eastern  and  north-eastern  frontier  of  that 
colony. 

May  38.  Richard  Cornwall  Legh,  esq.  to  be 
Assistant-Secretary  to  the  Government  of 
Malta,  and  Clerk  to  the  Council  of  Govern- 
ment of  that  island.— Knighted,  James  Tyler, 
esq.  H.  M.  Hon.  Corps  of  Gentleroeu-at-Arms. 

May  90.  Duncan  M'Neill,  esq.  (one  of  the 
Ordinary  Lords  of  Session)  to  be  one  of  the 
Lords  of  Justiciary  in  Scotland,  vice  J.  H.  Mac- 
kenzie, esq.  resigned.— Brevet  Major  W.  C.  E. 
Napier,  of  the  25th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel 
in  the  Army. 

June  3.  Charles  Youn^,  esq.  to  be  H.  M.  At- 
torney-General for  Prince  Edward  Island; 
William  Swabey,  esq.  to  be  Registrar  of  Deeds, 
and  James  Warburton.  esq.  to  be  Colonial 
Secretary  for  thac  islana. 

June  6.  1st  Life  Guards,  O  W.  Geoi^e,  M.D. 
to  be  Assistant  Sureeon. — Unattached,  brevet 
Major  G.  F.  Faschal,  from  the  70th  Foot,  to  be 
Major.— Brevet,  Capt.  J.  S.Paton,  14th  Bengal 
Nat.  Inf.  to  be  Major  in  the  Army  in  the  Kast 
Indies. 

June  7.  Lord  Cowley,  K.C.B.  (late  Minister 
Plenip.  to  the  Swiss  Confederation)  to  be  H.  M. 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenip.  to 
the  Germanic  Confederation. 

June  13.  J.  Pope,  esq.  to  be  H .  M.  Treasurer 
for  Prince  Edward  Island. 

June  14.  Royal  Artillery,  Capt.  E.  N.  Wil- 
ford  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 


Mr.  Alderman  Thompson  to  be  Colonel  of 
the  West  London  Militia,  and  Mr.  Alderman 
Wilson  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

Mr.  Serjeant  Howley,  chairman  of  the  county 
ofTipperary,  to  be  Her  Majesty's  First  Ser- 
jeant in  Ireland,  vacated  by  the  resignation  of 
Ur,  Stock,  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliament, 

Argyleeh.—^iT  Arch.  J.  Campbell,  of  Succoth. 

Clackmannan  and  Kinroes.—Jhmea  John- 
stone,  esu. 

JEfondeA.— Robert  Wigram  Crawfurd,  esq. 
of  Alva. 

Newry,—Edm.  Gilling  Hallewell,  e^q. 


to  be  Inspecting  Commander  of  Coast  Guard 
in  Littlehampton  district ;  H.  Blair  in  Car- 
rickfergus  district. 

May  31.  Lieut.  Samuel  Morrish  (late  Flag- 
Lieut,  to  Rear-Admiral  Hornby)  to  be  Com- 
mander.—Lieut.  James  U.  Purchase  to  be 
Commander  on  the  retired  list  of  1816. 

June  7.  Commanders  P.  Somerville  and 
H.  W.  G.  Maude  to  be  Inspecting  Com- 
manders of  Coast  Guard. 

June  11.  Vice-Adm.  George  M'Kinley  to  be 
Admiral  of  the  Blue :  Rear-Adm.  the  Hon.  Sir 
Anthony  Maitland,  C.B.,  K.C.M.G.  to  be  Vice- 
Admiral  of  the  Blue ;  Capt.  Arthur  Fanshawe, 
C.B.  to  be  Rear-Adm.  of  the  Blue.— To  be  Re- 
tired Rear-Admirals  on  the  terms  of  the  Ist 
Sept.  1846:  A.  P.  Hamilton,  D.  Lawrence. 
R.  H.  Rogers,  and  G.  Bentham. 

June  16.  Rear-Adm.  the  Hon.  G.  L.  Proby 
to  be  Vice-Adm.  of  the  Blue :  Capt.  H.  Stewart, 
C.B.  to  be  Rear-Admiral  or  the  Blue.— To  be 
Retired  Rear-Admirals  of  the  1st  Sept.  18 16, 
J.  A.  Murray,  T.  Renwick,  H.  Higman,  G. 
Hewson,  J.  M.  Ferguson,  J.  Gonrly,  A.  Bald- 
win, and  H.  C.  Deacon. 


Naval  Promotions. 

May  17.    Commander  C.  Y.  Campbell   to 
command  the  Devastation  steam-sloop. 
Magf  M.    CommaDders  Hay  E.  S.  Winthrop, 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Rev.  S.  Banks,  Cottenham  R.  Cambridgeshire. 
Rev.  J.  Benson,  D.D.  St.  Breock  R.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  F.  Bourdillon,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Run- 

corn,  Cheshire. 
Rev.  W.  Bruce.  St.  James  P.C.  Bristol. 
Rev.  J.  Bumstead,  Glodwick  P.C.  Lancashire. 
Rev.  J.  Carter,  Bride-Kirk  V.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  G.  E.  Cotter,  Monamiuy  R.  and  V.  dio. 

Cloyne. 
Rev.  R.  Crowe,  Christ  Church  P.C.  Wooil- 

house,  Huddersfield. 
Rev.A.W.  Edwards,  Hon.  Prebend  of  Donough- 

more,  in  LIflierick  Cathedral. 
Rev.  D.  Edwards,  Festiniog  R.  w.  Maentwrttg 

C.  Merionethshire. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Fell,  Penkridge  P.C.  Staffordshire. 
A.  E.  Gayer,  LL.D.  Vicar-General  of  Water- 
ford  and  Lismore,  and  Judge  of  Consistorial 

Court  of  those  dioceses. 
Rev.  T.  Gibbings,  Treasurership  of  Cloyne  Ca- 
thedral, and  Templenacarriga  R.  dio.  Cloyne. 
Rev.  A.  Griffiths,  Llanelly  P.C.  Brecon. 
Rev.  J.  Grove,  Woolstone  R.  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  G.  Halls.  Long  Bennington  V.  w.  Foston 

C  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  R.  Herbert,  Chetton  R.  w.  Deuxhill  K. 

Glazeley  R.  and  Loughton  C.  Salop. 
Rev.  C.  Holland,  Shipley  P.C.  Sussex. 
Rev.  E.  Holland,  Camerton  R'.  Somerset. 
Rev.  T.  Horn,  St.  Thomas  R.  Haverfordwest 
Rev.  G.  Howells,  Llangattock  R.  w.  Llangeney 

C.  Brecon. 
Rev.  T.  James,  Headington  Quarry  P.C.  Oxf 
Rev.  E.  Jenkins,  Cayo-Conwyl  V.  w.  Llansawel 

V.  Carmarthenshire. 
Rev.  G.  Jones,  Tintem  Abbey  P.C.  Monmouth. 
Rev.  C.  M.  Klanert,  Iping  R.  w.  ChithurKt 

C.  Sussex. 
Rev.  F.  C.  Leeson,  New  St.  George  P.C.  Stale v- 

bridge,  Lancashire. 
Rev.  R.  P.  Mate,  St.  Mary-the-Great  P.C.CamU. 
Rev.  R.  B.  Matthews,  Widworthy  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  R.  A.  Maunsell,  Evening  Preachertbip, 

Limerick  Cathedral. 
Rev.  S.  Minton,  St.  Silas  P.C  Liverpool. 
Rev.  T.  S.  Nelson,  St.  Peter-at-Arches  R.  Line. 
Rev.  W.  North,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Greenwich. 
Rev.  J.  Packer,  Dane-Hill  P.C.  Sussex. 
Rev.  H.  S.  Pearson,  Yeaveley  P.C.  Derbyshin. 


78 


Births — Marriages. 


[July, 


Rev.  W.  D.  Phillips  (R.  of  Cronwere),  Amroath 

V.  Perobrokesliire. 
Rev.  k.  W.  Kandall,  Woollavinglon  R.  and 

Gmffliam  II-  Sussex. 
Rev.  K  Uiffi^. St.  Micliael-Coslany  R.Norwich. 
Rev.  A.  if.  Russell,  We»tbury  V.  w.  Priddy 

C.  Somerset. 
Rev.  W.  L  Sandes,  Ballycuslane  R.  Kerry. 
Rev.  J.  Senior,  LL.D.  St.  Mnry  P.C.  Wakefield. 
Rev.  M.  H.  Simpson,  Westeate  district  P.C. 

Wakefield. 
Rev.  J.  Smith.  Rrisley  R.  w.  Gateley  V.  Norf. 
Rev.  O.  D.  Sparkes.  Llansnintfread  R.  Monm. 
•Rev.  N.  J.  Spicer,  Byfleet  II.  Surrey. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Slockham,  St.  Peter  P.C.  Newlyn, 

Cornwall. 
Rev  J.  M.Storry.Great  Tey  R.  (sinecure)  Essex. 
Rev.  S.  n.  Sutton,  St  I'eter  P  C.  Rverton,  Lane. 
Rev.  A.  Thomas,  llailiijcnadereen,  Ireland. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Treacher,  St.  Mary  aud  St.  Martin 

P.C.  Scilly  UlaiuU. 
Rev.  J.  T.  Walters,  Backland-Monachoram  V. 

Devon. 
Rev.  T.  W.  West.  Beaworthy  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  B.  Woo<ls.  Kasky  V.  KiliaU. 
Rev.  M.  Wtodward,  Christcburch  P.C.  Folk- 
stone,  Kent. 
Rev.  11.  Wiigbt,  Coston  R.  Norfolk. 

To  Chaplaineiet. 

Rev.  W.  Banister.  St.  James  Cemetery,  Liverp. 

Rev.  H.  M.  Itlakistoo,  British  £mbabsy  at 
('onstMHtinople. 

Rev.  J.  Bush,  W^est  Derby  Lunatic  Asylum, 
Ijinca^hiie. 

Rev.  A  F.  Chater,  Nantwich  Union,  Cheshire. 

Rev.  |{.  J.  Clarke.  Kilmocreen  Union,  Ireland. 

Rev.  T.  D  Dove,  Stamford  Union. 

Rev.  W.  R.  Fremantle,  Buckinghamshire  Rail- 
way Company. 

Rev.  T  J  J.  Hale,  British  Embassy  at  Paris. 

Rev.  E.  Holn.es,  Stamford  Gaol. 

Rev.  1.  Holmes,  Liverpool  Union. 

Rev.  W.  Leahy,  MoylouKh  Union. 

Rev.  H.  N.  L*oyd,  Marquess  uf  Ailsa. 

Rev.  F.  L.  White,  Marquess  of  Dru^lieda. 

Rev.  C.  Wright,  Kuro|»ean  part  of  the  St.  John 
del  Rey  Bratil  Mininji^  Co*s.  F.stablishment. 

CoUeffiate  and  Scholatlic  Appointmcnit, 

Rev.  C  Badham,  Head  Mastership  of  Louth 

Grammar  .*^cliool,  Lincolnshire. 
B.  M  Crowilier,  BA.  Head  Mastership,  Kinjj^ 

bridice  Grammar  School,  Devon. 
F.  Fuller,  M.A.  Professorship  of  Mathematics, 

KiuE*s  Colle/e,  Aberdeen. 
Rev    W.  Gover,  Principal   of  the  Training: 

School,  Saltley,  Birmingham. 
Rev  J.  W.  Green,  Sub-Warden  of  St.  Colam- 

ba*s  Cullegfe,  Dublin. 
Rev    E.  1^1.   Heale.  Classical    Professorship, 

iioyal  Military  Colleice,  Sandhurst. 
Rev.  T.  B.  Power.  Head  Mastership,  Cathedral 

School,  Hereford. 
R.  H.Wood.  M aatership of Cheveley Grammar 

School,  Camb. 


Rev.  E.  J.  Speck,  SerreUry  to  the  Church 

Pastoral  Aid  Society. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Wright,  Secretary  to  the  Church  of 

Rng^land  Younj?  Men's  Society  for  Aiding 

Miaaioos  at  Home  and  Abroad. 


Methley.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Savile,  a  son.  — 38.  At 
Washington  rectorv,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  L.  W. 

Denman,  a  dao. 29.    At  Cambridge  square, 

Hyde  park,  the  wife  of  Dr.  James  Bhirlit,  a 

son. 20.    At  Brighton,  the  wife  of  Lieut.- 

Cnl.  Bonham,  10th  Hnssars,  a  dao. 31.    At 

Keynsham,  the  wife  of  Charlea  Dalhoy,  vsq. 
C.B.  a  son  and  heir. 

Lately.  At  Merthyr,  the  wife  of  William 
Toong  Lewis,  esq.  of  Pontmorlais,  a  son  and 

heir. At  Cheltenham,  the  wife  of  Georgt 

Sutherland,  esq.  of  Forse,  Caithness,  N.  B.  a 

son  and  heir. At  Moccas  court,  Hereford^ 

ah  ire,  Mrs.  T.  W.  Chester  Master,  a  son. 

June  1.    At  Eaton  pi.  the  wife  of  W.  H.  Polft 

Carew,  esq.  M.P.  a  dau- At  the  vicaragre, 

Coniscliffe,  the  wife  of  the  Kev.  H.  A.  Baum- 

Sartner,  a  son.~2.  At  Bath,  the  wifeof Capt. 
nhur  Hall.  Bengal  Light  Cavalry,  a  aon. 

4.    At  Dtiider  house.  Wells,  the  wife  of  Jamet 

Curtis   Somerville,  enq.   a  aon. At   l<odge 

villa,  St.  John*s  wood,  Mrs.  Llewellyn  Mostyn, 

adau. 7.    InCurson  st.  theLaily  Guernsey, 

a  aon. Lady  A.  Golf,  a  son  and  heir— -« 

8.    At  Teignmouth,  the  wife  of  Arthur  Aclandi 

esq.  a  sou. 10.    At  the  Chace,  near  Ash- 

liorton,  the  wife  of  Maior  Coker,  a  dau.-— -» 
13.  In  Eaton  square,  the  wife  of  the  Uea.  F* 
Maude,  tt.N.  a  son. 


BIRTHS. 

Mftijf  30.  At  Corby  castle,  the  wife  of  P.  H. 
Boward,  esq.  M.P. adau- — 23.  At  Buriton 
rectory,  Hants,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  M. 

gomner.  a  dau. 35.    At  Croft  castle,  Here- 

flDrdshire.  the  wife  of  W.  T.  K.  Daviet,  esq.  a 

■09* M*    At  Upper  Brook  st.  Mrs.  Har- 

coort  Johnstone,  a  son  and  heir. — 37.    At 


MARRIAGES. 

March  37.  A  t  Calcutta,  Richard  Barter,  eaq« 
75th  Kegt.  to  Mary,  dau.  ofthe  late  Kev  James 
M*Cheave.  Hector  of  Diinmanwav,  Cork. 

jlprit  10.  At  Kurrachee,  Lieut.  William 
Graff,  Isl  European  Revt.  Sub- Assistant  Com- 
missary-Gen. to  Ophelia,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt, 
Fra.ser,  29ih  Bombay  N.l.  Assistant  ComuiiB* 
aary-Gen. 

34.  At  Kingston. Canada.  Lieut.  F.  S.  Stale, 
R.  Art  youngest  son  of  the  late  Sir  J.  H.  Seale, 
Bart,  to  Han  iett,  second  dau.  of  J.  A.  Harvey, 

esq.  Ordnance  Storekeeper. At  Barbadtia, 

Rowland  Webster,  enq.  Paymaster  73d  High- 
landers, to  Maria-Augosta-Calherina  Cauip* 
bell,  only  dau.  of  Alex.  Stewart,  esq.  M.U. 
Inspector- Gen.  of  Army  Hospitals. 

29  At  Plymouth,  Edw.  John  Apry,  esq. 
sunceon,  of  Truru,  to  Anne,  dau.  of  ilie  lata 

William  Mudge,  esq.  of  Truro. At  threat 

Yarmouth,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  H.  A#*>ViHa<y.  B.A. 
and  Assistant  Curate  of  Great  Yarmouth,  to 
Emily. Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  George 
Hills, efiq.  Rear-Adm.  ofthe  Blue. 

30.  At  Slieffiekl,  Charles  Siatilejf,  esq.  bar* 
rister-at*law,  to  Annie,  second  dau.  of  the  late 

John  Sfaniforth,  esq. At  Islington,  Henry 

James  Stokee,  esq.  M.D.  third  non  of  Francis 
Stokes,  »sq.  formerly  of  Gibraltar,  te  Mary, 
eldest  dan.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Barton  HilU 

M.A.  Incumbent  of  St.  Stephen's. At  Bi- 

sliopsteignton,  the  Rev.  Fretlerick  Hopkine, 
M.A.  second  son  of  Henry  Hopkins,  esq.  oi 
Hubborne  lodge,  Hants,  to  Kmnia-Sophia, 
second  dau.  of  W.  Rickards,  esq.  of  Tapley 

lodge,   Devon. At  Briiehton.  IK)ugla:i  Hay 

Lane,  esq.  late  Capt.  17ih  Lancers,  to  Elita- 
beth-Middleton.  onlv  child  ofthe  late  Tbomai 

Ward.  esq. At  Brighton.  Henry-William, 

eldest  son  of  the  late  Charles  Fourdrinier,  esq. 
of  Lower  Tooting,  to  Anna-Maria,  dau.  of 
Charles  Coles,  esq.  of  Bnichton.  —  At  St. 
George's  Hanover  sq.  John  JUngrote,  esq.  of 
Cottinxham  grange,  Yorkshire,  to  Auirusta- 
Ann,  second  uaii.  of  the  late  Hambly  Knapp, 

esq.  of  Brook  st.  Grosvenor  sq At  Bicester, 

the  Rev.  John  FairbairnJoAnaoR,  Vicar  of  Abb 
Kettleliy,  Leic.  to  Elitabelh-Reliecca,  eldest 
dau  of  W.  Cole,  esq.— At  Parkstone,  Doraet,^ 
William  Gale  Cole;  esq.  of  Clifton,  aecood  aon 
of  Jamea  B.  Coles,  esq.  df  Ptnoch'a  lodt^ 


1851.]  Marriagti. 

I  Hiry-BliMMh.  eldnl  dan.  o(  R.  H.      Urr  M 

«q- *>   Wilcat.  UUh.  John  Wriib     lin.  iIh 

tin.  ■>'  KvchtmooDl,  Cuik.  lo  EliH-      Hawr, 


&^. 


wtdaii  cr  Mtrn.  C 
ball-  ■" 


Hi.a.  L^iiUiin  Council. 


KliMlielh  Ann,  yuunifsl  <lau,  of  the  lar 

N  [I.  Hicklry.  psq. AlCopenbirtn,  Wu 

'CU9  WtMttrm.nt,  esq.  uF  Cownhii|c«n,  t 


Uiclunl  Oililey.  <M<|   of  V 


ir  Qev,  Frrd. 

rrit   Kiarlow,  Uuclu, 

i.  BMstW.  Rector  of 
!.(ldniil>ii.of 
I  Kydr.  lale  of 
-q.otMuston. 
1.  or  the  lnK 


,    U.N-  I 


.   Uivit 


n,  Lieut.  FrmJ.  1 


•  Iilc  Henry  Kolils*iartli.  t^.  of  Uartmoutb. 

M  I'oale.  Wlliuin,  yoiinEFiIsonurthvbie 

Oro.  Henry  r/fAtt.eH|.M.D  uf  UnMock,  Herti, 
toBiaaiii-Anilieli*,6iiirthiliu.of(beliie'rtuH. 
Civc,  €iq.  Mneon.  of  Voole, 

•.    At  SI.  Grorne'i  Bluomtbury.  Jolin  Eu- 
Urb?  UKala,  («.  eldeiu  wn  of  the  lute  Itev, 

yaiinxml  ihiu.  of  lb«  lai?  C 


Col-  Umlilon  Curler,  4tt1i  RrKt'  to  Hunnlb- 
Emlly.  diD.  of  Julin  AnOeriun,  esq.  of  Cox- 

ItKliie  iMll. AI  Urouela.  Joseph,  son  of  ll» 

late  mr.  J.W.  K  Beptr.  H«lor  uf  SWEp.loiie, 
Uic.  10  UiuiM-Kliui«th.  <l>u.  of  Jimea  SUn- 
breush.  e».  of  IsMworth. —  At  HedrtiiiElon. 
Awii-Iui  iieJMil,  ewi.  jrounEeal  »in  01  the 
htt  Ker.  G-  II-  O-xllnU.  fteclur  of  Grenlhim, 
Hanla,  to  Uarr-Jubaiiiu.  only  dan.  of  Capl. 
C«or»  KKhanfwn.  ot  *ral  Hroinp'on. 

4.  AlPliniuDlli.  W.  Gallop.tui  shipoiiner, 
u.d  one  of  ll-e  CooiinlMiouirs  uf  H-stinjo, 
&U1MI.  Id  Chanly,  relict  of  NIch.  Wynball. 
e»i.  K.N.oFLooe. 

t.  m  SI.  Piul'i  KniglitKbrirlie.  (he  Rei. 
ChurieiC.CntiiMr.Perp.Curaieuf  the  Church 
of  Ihe  Holy  riiiiilr.  Ilarniuplr,  la  Jane,  tbird 
dio-otlbeliicJ.  ltukhau>«,eH|.l'ailor3ecre- 


Stale  iBT  ranira  AAin. AI  Dob- 

ReT.JohoJUain.uaaf  Ibe  Hon.  Jobs 
10  Biniiy,  d-    -*  ■■■ ■■-    ■ — 


If  Mubie  hill.  Pecbleubin 


a.  of  Willlair 


il.  Hyde  park.  Aiiheu 
nt  reomana.  lecond  wn 
Mnult,  nq.  of  Cmyhird,  Kent,  lo  Ui., 
Lh-ms.  widow  of  Williim  iidwant  Few, 


— —  Cni.  eiq,  uf  D 

-je  Uanor  of  KoSonl.  Uion.—    ... . 

Rev.  Albert  Shlncy  WiU*,  Rrttor  of  Oml- 
rnid-wiib-Wilatbor|ie,  Line,  aon  of  Sir  John 
Wilde,  and  nephew  of  the  LonI  Chanrellor,  to 
Uunlaabella.  ehleal  dau.  of  W,  J.  CoitniiB, 
esq  lateof  Aldborouf h  liall.  —  AtSt  Siviour'a 
Jemy,  Arthur-ADrHalus,>onorJuaeph  Ltiit- 
■urr.  e*>|.  of  lb«  Mytlie  boase.Glouc.  lo  Kllu- 
belhJane,  dan.  of  Ihe  Ule  Rev.  John  Cruker, 

of  Fort  Bliulietb,  Umenck. AtSl.Geone-a 

Brandon  bill,  Bristol,  Edwin  Thnrnpaon  IW^ 
Htr,  esq.  third  son  ot  Capl.  John  Turorr.Rlif. 
of  Swansea,  to  Mirnret-Anne,  only  rtna.  of 

F.  R.Btm(a,Mq.orBrialol. AI3I.  Pancraa, 

Johann-Heinricli,  eldest  son  of  Ihelau  Jobaaa 
10  Ktm/if,  **q.  of  Haicnrp,  lo  Eaily-Bliu. 

g.  of  Wou 

llackheath,  M 


SI.  Hary'a  Urysnsli 


7.       : 

While,  Dike  and  adopteilchihl  Of  I'be  isle  John 

Green,  esq.  of  Hennird. AI  3<.  hniraa, 

T.  Oerc  ^anfil.  esq.  to  Caroline,  third  dm.  at 
the  tile  Sir  Iteblaa  Msrlesn,  of  Sudbury,  and 

relici  of  Charles  Harria.  esct.  of  Coventry . 

AI  Farrln|(don.Aritaary«rbad.e*i(.  iTtKnyal 
Rorl.  y>nnRst  un  of  U.  II.  Newland.esq.  lata 
Hsjor  Mil  Uraitoona,  to  Loutsa-Enima.  lourth 

dau.  uf  WoodhkM  Coiinop,  esq.  of  txelrr 

At  Harpaden,  ihe  Rer.  C.  .ilaodf.  Vicar  of 

-  ■       ■ If  Hie  late  Kct.  Dr. 

— otteshrooke At 

Tlilrak.  Romney  Spen- 


Nofth  Kil*.^ , ,.., 

cer  Palaf,  esq.  at  Dahlln, 


of  Sowerby,  Till 
wwKl.  the  Ber. 
SellDa-Mary,  w 


AI  SI.  Lake-B  Nof. 
re  Braieiw,  M.A.  to 
i    of  Uiyur  HilliiB 

iptnnihire,  iHe  Ree. 

llaih.  to  MarMnna- 

rolLCII 


&!■«: 


F.  F    aeadaH,  M  ,.    _ 

Ellnheth,diu.  of  Resr-Adin.  Carn 

AI  Bnry  St.  Eduiu     ' 

faa.  Hector  of  Utile  IJnllin|(bnry,  Eaien.  to 

Marianne,  dau.  of  ihe  lale  Ker.  Q.  J  HaMilt. 

AlT/nnaouib,  Fraada  Ardeii  (Maw,  Lkiit. 

R.N.  to  Uary-HanneiU.  dau.  uf  the  late  Geo. 

Hebden-esq. AtFulham.  Henry  Ulapalt,, 

—  -"juDboarae.  Berks,  to EliialieiireMtai 


If  Edward  Baeikant.f 


■ard  BackkMi.rra.iif  Sunderland,  to 
1,  yODiiiest  dsu.  of  Itoliert  llarclay.  aan. 
_  yton,  Basel.; — Ai  WorSeM,  Jam*. 
FcrKtr,  ew.  of  ttallon,  Sakip.  lo  Jaae,  iouhl 
eaidiu.  of  John  Bacbe,esq  DfChealeriaii, 
■"      "-"inehouBcGeo-TenplaimD  Stum. 

X.  tmettw^  ann  nT  1.    11     ViarataSl 

iiid  M>! 

-AtW. 

at.CivBD. 


A.  aecon)  son  of  L.  H.  Kiai 
|.  <u  narnelle,  Ibird  dau.  of  Kdini 
e.  ei«|.  R  N.  Hn>-nlMI,  nyinoatb.  ' 
'-  "Ji^tflr.  of  Henri 


- ..j|.ufet.J(ilin-a 

Aileline-Marsileh.smnKldau.ofG.r. 

>  Elita. 


's  llluonslHiry.  Qtatfr  A 


a 


•0 


Marriages. 


CJuly, 


W.  M.  Harrison,  Rector  of  Clayhang^er,  Devon, 
to  Lucy»  tbird  dau.  of  Daniel  Tye,  Gent,  of 

Wilmot. At  St.  Servan,  Bretagrne,  Robert 

GreatOt  esq.  of  St.  Leonard's  on-Sea,  to  Sarah, 
second  dau.  of  Capt.  Bowden,  R.N. 

12.  At  St.  Mary's  Brompton,  the  Rev.  H.  J . 
SwaUt  Incumbent  of  St.  Mary's,  West  Bromp- 
ton,  to  Emily-Charlotte,  dan.  of  Mr.  W.  Ooter. 
wis.  At  Benniiif^ton,  Herts,  Thomas  Veasey, 
esq.  of  Batdock,  eldest  son  of  Charles  Veasey. 
esq.  of  Huntingdon,  to  Catherine-Anna,  second 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Pollard,  Rector  of  Ben- 
nington, and  granddau.  of  the  late  Gen.  and 
Laoy  Frances  Morgan,  of  Crofton  hall,  Kent. 
—At  Kelshall,  Herts,  Wm.  Henry  CooA,  esq. 
surgreon,  Tunbridee  Wells,  only  son  of  Thomas 
Cook,  esq.  R.N.  F.R  S.  Professor  of  Fortifica- 
tion at  Addiscombe,  to  Harriet,  the  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Bickersteth,  Rec- 
tor of  Watton,  and  niece  of  the  late  Lord  Lang- 
dale. M  Leamington,  John  Davis  «SiAfr«foM, 

esq.  of  Stoberry  park,  Som.  and  6th  Dragoon 
Guards,  to  Innes-Eliza,  only  dau.  of  the  late 

Major  Hamilton  Maxwell,  Beni^al  Army. 

At  St.  Saviour's  Jersey,  Henry  Luke  RobintoHf 
esq.  Bombay  N.l.  third  son  of^W.  R.Robinson, 
esq.  of  Acton,  to  Elizabeth-Jane,  youngest  dau. 
of  Capt.  Heasley,  R.N. AtThornbury,  De- 
von, the  Rev.  Anthony  William  Loveband,  of 
Landkey,  to  Phillis-Jane,  eldest  surviving  dau. 
of  the  late  Rev.  John  Edgcumbe,  Rector  of 

Thornbury. At   Sutton    Bingham,    Som. 

John  Grove,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  younger 
son  of  John  Grove,  esq.  of  Ferns,  Wilts,  to 
Clara-Cecily-Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Joseph  Ash'ton  Burrow,  esq.  of  Carleton  hall, 

Cumberland. At    Highbury,  the  Rev.   H. 

Mayo  Gunn,  of  Warminster,  to  Isabella,  dau. 

of  H.  O.  Wills,  esq.  of  Bristol. At  Beeston, 

Nottinghamshire,  the  Rev.  Martin  Henry 
Rtckettt,  M.A.  son  of  Martin  Ricketts,  esq.  of 
the  Furd,  near  Droitwich,  to  Susan,  eldest  dau. 

of  the  Rev.  John  Wolley,  Vicar  of  Beeston. 

At   Mangotsfield,    near  Bristol,  John  J.   L. 
Bayly,  esq.  of  Hill  house.  Gloucester,  to  Su 
sanna,  dau.  of  Daniel  Cave,  esq.  of  Cleve  hill, 
and  granddau.   of  the   late  Dr.  Locock,   of 
Northampton. 

14.  At  Reigate,  Surrey,  the  Rev.  John  Wil- 
loughby  UodgtoH,  of  Kirafurd,  Sussex,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Hodgson,  Rector 
of  Leigh,  Surrey,  to  Julia,  only  dau.  of  Wm. 

Tosswill,  esq.  of  Reigate. Richard  G.  P. 

Minty,  esq.  of  Petersfield,  surviving  son  of  the 
late  K.  V.  Minty,  esq.  Ordnance  Civil  Service, 
to  Charlotte- Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Francis  E.  Arden,  Rector  of  Gresham,  and 

Vicar  of   Paston,  Norfolk. At  Plymouth, 

William  Power  Reed,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Lieut. - 
Col.  John  Reed,  K.H.  to  Katherine,  youngest 
dau.  of  John   Humphreys,  esij.  of  Miltown 

house,  Tyrone. At  Prestbury,  Joshua  Fiel- 

den,  esq.  of  Stansfield  hall,  near  Todmorden, 
to  Ellen,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas  Brocklehurst, 
esq.  uf  the  Fence,  near  Macclesfield. 

15.  At  Almondsbury,  George- William,  only 
son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  J.  Gunning,  Rector  of 
Wigan,  to  Isabella-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Col. 
Master,  of  Knole  park,  Gluuc  and  late  of  8d 

Foot   Guards. At    Brompton,  J.    Duncan 

M*AHdreu?,  esq.  Capt.  78th  Highlanders,  to 
Emily,  youngest  dau.  of  Joseph  Cammilleri, 
esq.  Comra.  R.N. At  St.  John's  Padding- 
ton,  George  Wilson  Grove,  esq.  of  Exeter,  to 
the  Hon.  LX)uisa  Lott,  late  of  Dunmore  house, 

Bradninch. At  Llanrarren,  Herefordshire, 

the  Kev.  \V.  M.  Schnibben,  Curate  of  Wigton, 
Cumberland,  to  Charlotte;  and  at  the  same 
time,  Thornton  G.  Etuto,  esq.  of  Upper  Tulse 
bill,  Brixton,  to  Harriett,  dau.  of  the  late 

lliomas  Pearce,  esq.  of  Llangarren  Court. 

At  Brighton,  Jonathan  Stables  Harrison,  esq. 
of  Brandesburton  hall,  eldest  sou  of  Jonathan 

10 


Harrison,  esq.  of  Pocklington,  to  Eliza-Jane, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Matthias  Whitehead, 

esq.  of  Park  house,  Selby. At  St.  Osvth. 

Charles  Brandreth,  esq.  (late  4th  Light  Dra- 
goons), to  Eliza,  young[est  dau.  of  W.  F.  Nas- 
sau, esq.  St.  Osyth  Pnory,  Essex. At  Ful- 

ham,  John-William,  younger  son  of  Benjamin 
Whitelock,  esq.  of  Point  house,  Putnev,  to 
Maria- Jane-Mary,  only  dau.  of  Thomas  Wal- 
ford,  esq.  of  the  Pryor's  bank,  Fulham,  and 

Bolton  street,  Piccadilly. At  Melbecks,  in 

Swaledale,  Richard  Garth,  esq.  of  Hawes,  to 
Hannah,  second  dau.  of  Capt.  Birkbeck,  of 

Low  Row,  in  Swaledale. At  Youghal,  Henry- 

Aylmer,  eldest  son  of  Henry  Porter,  esq.  of 
Winslade  house,  Devon,  to  Susanne,  youngest 

dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Faunt. At  Ply- 

mouth,  Brutton  J.  Ford,  esq.  of  Exeter,  soli- 
citor, to  Jane-Calmady,  second  dau.  of  Jona- 
than Luxmoore,  esq.  of  Plymouth,  solicitor. 

At  Goodmanham,  co.  York,  the  Rev.  Wm. 

Greenwell,  only  child  of  the  late  R.  R.  Green- 
well,  esq.  of  Kibblesworth,  Durham,  to  Jane, 
dau.  of  the  Rev.Wm.  Blow,  Rector  of  Goodman- 
ham. At  Stonehouse,  Glouc  Thos.  Batchel- 

dor.  esq.  Chapter  Clerk  to  the  Dean  and  Canons 
of  Windsor,  and  Registrar  of  Eton  college,  to 
Elizabeth-Ann,  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.  Lorimer, 

formerly  of  the  1st  Royals. At  South  Kel- 

sey.  Line,  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Gibbons,  M.A. 
to  Charlotte-Jane,  dau.  of  George  Skipwortb, 

esq.  of  Moorton  house.  South  Kelsey. At 

St.  George's  Bloomsbury,  Charles-John,  se- 
cond son  of  Frederick  Braitkwaite,  esq.  M. 
Inst.  C.K.  to  Louise-Frances,  third  dau.  of 
Charles  Windeler,  esq.  of  Great  Coram  street. 
17.  At  St.  Peter's  Eaton  sq.  Alex.  Stewart, 
esq.  of  Ards,  co.  13onegal,  to  Lady  Isabella 
Toler,  third  dau.  of  the  Dowager  Countess  of 

Norbury. At  Melling,  Lane.  T.  A.  Curtit. 

esq.  of  Grandholm  cottage,  Aberdeen,  second 
son  of  Sir  William  Curtis,  Bart,  to  Frances- 
Pitt,  youngest  dau.  of  L.  C  Browne,  esq.  Wal- 
lace Cragie,  Forfarshire. At  Chiddingstone, 

Kent,  the  Rev.  Henry  W.  O.  PolhiU,  Rector  of 
Illington,  Norfolk,  to  Frances-Charlotte,  only 
dau.  of  Henry  Streatfield,  esq. 

19.  At  St.  Mark's  Kennington,  Capt.  Wood- 
ward, H.  M.  Sth  Fusiliers,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  W.  Johnson,  esq.  of  Michela- 
town,  CO.  Cork,  and  widow  of  Capt.  F.  A. 
Robinson. 

20.  At  Jersey,  Henry  P.  Maples,  esq.  of 
London,  son  of  the  late  Henry  Maples,  esq.  of 
Thorne,  co.  York,  to  Elizabetti-Margaret,  only 
dau.  of  John  Pearse,  jun.  esq.  and  rranddau. 
of  the  late  Rear-Adm.  Pearse,  of  Bradninch 

house,  Devon. At  J^lant,  the  Rev.  Edmund 

Worlledge,  Curate  of  Enfield,  Middlesex,  to 
Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Uriah  Tonkin. 

Vicar  of  LeIant,  Cornwall. At  Cheltenham, 

William  Roberts  Farmar,  esq.  H.  M.  82d  Regt. 
to  Alicia-Mary,  only  dau.  of  Edward  Stone 

Cotgrave,  Capt.  R.N. At  Shirehampton, 

near  Bristol,  the  Rev.  Charles  Maunder.  In- 
cumbent of  Kingswood,  Glouc.  to  Emma, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Cartwrigbt, 

esq.  of  Shirehampton. At  Cirencester,  the 

Rev.  W.  H.  Stanton,  eldest  son  of  W.  Henry 
Stanton,  esq.  M.P.  for  Stroud,  to  Mary,  second 
dau.  of  Mr.  Charles  Lawrence,  of  the  Querns, 

near  Cirencester. At  Galway.  Major  Geog- 

hegan,  late  of  Madras  Army,  to  Barbara,  eldest 
dau.  of  P.  M.  Lynch,  esq.  of  Duras  park,  Gal- 
way.  In  St.  Paul's  Covent  garden,  William- 
Frederick,  youngest  son  of  Thomas  De  La  Rue, 
esq.  of  Westbourne  terr.  to  Emma,  third  dau. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Tanner,  esq.  of  the  Army 

Medical  Board. At  Bristol,  the  Rev.  Francis 

Barnes,  B.A.  of  Taunton,  eldest  son  of  F.  K. 
Barnes,  esq.  to  Eliza,  youngest  dau.  of  H.  M. 
.\mbury,  esq.  solicitor. 


81 


OBITUARY. 


Thb  Duchbss  of  Leuchtekberg. 

May  13.  At  Mutiich,  in  her  63d  year, 
Aagnsta-Amelia  Dachess  of  Lenchten- 
beiigr,  widow  of  Eagene,  Viceroy  of  Italy. 

The  Dachess  of  Leuchtenberg  was  the 
eldest  daughter  of  King  Maximilian  Jo- 
seph of  Bavaria.  She  was  bom  on  the 
2l8t  of  Jane,  1788,  thus  being  two  years 
younger  than  the  ex-King  Ladwig,  her 
brother,  and  seven  years  older  than  Prince 
Karl.  She  was  married  on  the  14th  Jan. 
1806,  to  Eugene  Beauharnais,  Prince  of 
Eichstadt.  Eugene  Beauharnais,  bom  in 
1781,  was  the  son  of  General  Alexander 
Vicomte  de  Beaahamais,  and  Josephine 
Tascher  de  la  Pagerie,  afterwards  the  Em- 
press Josephine.  At  the  commencement 
of  the  revolution  General  Beauhamais 
joined  the  popular  party,  voted  for  the 
abolition  of  privileges,  and  equality  before 
the  law.  In  the  reign  of  terror,  he  was 
accused  of  having  by  neglect  contributed 
to  the  loss  of  the  fortress  of  Mayence,  was 
arrested,  brought  to  Paris,  and  guillotined 
in  1794.  Of  his  two  children,  the  daugh- 
ter, Hortense,  was  married  to  Louis  Bona- 
parte, King  of  Holland,  whose  son  is  the 
present  President  of  the  French  Republic; 
the  son,  Eugene,  was  made  Viceroy  of 
Italy  by  Napoleon,  and  married  the  Prin- 
cess Augusta  of  Bavaria  as  above  stated. 
After  the  fall  of  Napoleon,  Beauhamais 
took  part  in  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  which 
awarded  him  a  dotation  of  5,000,000  francs, 
paid  him  by  the  King  of  Naples.  He  made 
over  the  sum  to  Bavaria,  in  exchange  for 
the  province  of  Leuchtenberg,  in  the  Ober- 
pfalz,  with  the  title  of  Duke.  He  sub- 
sequently resided  in  the  Bavarian  court, 
and  died  at  Munich  on  the  2l8t  Feb.  1824. 
He  was  succeeded  by  his  eldest  son  Au- 
gustus, who  was  in  1835  married  to  Donna 
Maria  da  Gloria  the  Queen  of  Portugal, 
but  died  in  the  same  year.  On  his  death 
the  duchy  devolved  on  his  only  surviving 
brother,  Maximilian-Joseph-Eugene- Au- 
gustus-Napoleon, who  married  the  eldest 
daughter  of  the  Emperor  Nicholas  of 
Russia,  and  has  a  numerous  family.  He 
resides  at  St.  Petersburg,  where  he  is 
Lieut. -General  in  the  army,  and  President 
of  the  Society  of  Arts.  The  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  the  deceased  Duchess  is  Queen  of 
Sweden;  the  second  is  the  widow  of  Don 
Pedro  of  Brazil;  and  the  youngest  is  the 
wife  of  Count  William  of  Wurtemberg. 
The  state  funeral  of  the  late  Duchess  took 
place  at  Munich  on  the  I7th  May. 

The  Marchioness  of  Laxsdowne. 

Ajnril  3.  At  Bowood  Park,  in  her  66th 
year,  the  Most  Hon.  Louisa-Emma,  Mar- 
chioness of  Lansdowne. 

Gent.  Mao.  \ou  XXXVI. 


She  was  the  fifth  daughter  of  Henry- 
Thomas,  second  Earl  of  Ilchester,  by 
Maria  -  Theresa,  daughter  of  Standish 
Grady,  esq,  of  Capercullin,  co.  Limerick, 
and  was  married  to  the  Marquess  of  Lans- 
downe on  the  30th  of  March,  1808. 

Of  his  refined  and  intellectual  household 
the  Marchioness  was  the  animating  spirit. 
It  may  seem  strange  that  the  prestige  of 
being  the  acknowledged  friend  and  patron 
of  literature  and  art  should  not  be  more 
largely  coveted  in  the  upper  circles  of  so- 
ciety. It  is  possible  that  the  ambition  is 
more  extensively  entertained  than  the 
success  of  the  aspirants  would  imply. 
However  that  may  be,  the  triumph  of 
that  true  Mecenatian  hospitality,  which 
places  wit  on  the  level  with  wealth,  and 
prefers  mind  to  pedigree,  appears  to 
have  been  reserved  in  our  days  for 
the  brilliant  receptions  of  Holland  and 
Lansdowne  Houses.  Their  days  are  now 
past ;  whilst  those  who  have  partaken  of 
the  elegant  hospitalities  of  Bowood  will  be 
equally  conscious  of  a  vacancy  not  to  be 
supplied  in  that  more  limited  circle  ;  and 
hundreds  of  poor  families,  spread  over  the 
ten  thousand  acres  of  that  princely  de- 
mesne, have  sustained  a  loss  such  as  it  is 
no  derogation  to  those  who  shall  succeed 
her  to  pronounce  irreparable.  The  lively 
interest  which  this  excellent  lady  took  in 
every  thing  that  related  to  the  comfort 
and  moral  habits,  the  well-being  and  well- 
doing of  the  poor  on  the  estate,  has  passed 
into  a  proverb.  Stimulated  by  a  lively 
faith,  and  aided  by  two  valuable  tastes — a 
love  of  cottage  architecture,  and  of  the 
education  of  the  young — in  many  a  roomy 
and  convenient  peasant's  home ;  in  her 
three  very  efificient  schools  at  Buckhill,  nt 
Calne,  and  at  Foxham ;  in  the  lodges  of 
elegant  and  varied  designs  which  cover  the 
avenues  to  the  Park ;  in  the  picturesque 
group  of  gabled  buildings  which  cluster 
about  the  Italian  gate  at  Derry  Hill;  above 
all,  in  the  churches,  which  both  there  and 
at  Foxham  (the  one  by  her  influence 
founded,  the  other  restored,)  have  pro- 
vided the  means  of  grace  and  truth  to 
long- neglected  populations,  and  made  the 
wilderness  to  blossom  as  a  rose  ; — in  and 
by  such  works  as  these  she  has  left  an 
imperishable  record  of  what  may  be  ef- 
fected by  the  combination  of  a  refined 
understanding,  a  human  heart,  and  a  re- 
ligious spirit.  ^^^ 

Her  ladyship  had  issue  two  sons  and  one  ^ 
daughter,  the  late  Earl  of  Kerry,  the 
Earl  of  Shelburne,  and  Lady  Louisa,  mar- 
ried to  the  Hon.  James  Kenneth  Howard, 
M.P.  son  of  the  Eari  of  Suffolk.  Her 
funeral  took   place  on  Friday  the  llth 

M 


82 


Obituary. — Earl  of  Shaftesbury. 


[July, 


April,  attended  by  the  Marquess  and  bis 
children,  the  Countesses  of  Kerry  and 
Shelbume,  the  Earl  of  Ilcbester,  the  Hon. 
J.  IC.  Howard,  the  Hon.  John  Strangways, 
the  Hon.  C.  Gore,  and  Sir  Charles  Lemon. 
The  mayor,  aldermen,  and  about  sixty  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Calne  were  permitted  to 
follow  their  lamented  patroness  to  the 
tomb ;  and  during  the  day  every  house  in 
the  town  was  entirely  closed. 

The  Earl  of  Shaftesbury. 

JwM  2.  At  St.  Giles's  House,  Dorset, 
in  his  83rd  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Cropley 
Ashley  Cooper,  sixth  Earl  of  Shaftesbury, 
and  Raron  Cooper  of  Powlett,  co.  Somer- 
set  (1672),  Baron  Ashley,  of  Wimbourne 
St.  Giles,  CO.  Dorset  (1668),  and  the  7th 
fiaronet  (1622),  and  a  Privy  Councillor. 

The  late  Earl  of  Shaftesbury  was  the 
vounger  son  of  Anthony  the  fourth  Earl, 
by  his  second  wife  the  Hon.  Mary  Bou- 
verie,  second  daughter  of  Jacob  first  Vis- 
count Folicestone.  He  was  bom  in  the 
family  mansion  24  Grosvenor-square,  on 
the  2l8t  Dec.  1768;  was  educated  at 
Winchester  school,  and  at  Christ  church, 
Oxford,  where  he  graduated  B.A.  Dec. 
17,  1787.  He  was  just  of  age,  when,  at 
the  general  election  of  1 790,  he  was  returned 
to  parliament  for  Dorchester,  for  which 
ht  continued  to  sit  until  his  accession  to 
the  peerage. 

On  the  return  of  the  Tories  to  office  in 
1807  he  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the  Ord- 
■ance,  which  he  held  until  bis  advance  to 
the  Upper  House.  This  occurred  on  the 
death  of  his  elder  brother  the  fifth  Earl, 
May  14,1811. 

During  the  illness  of  Lord  Walsingham 
in  1811,  he  temporarily  filled  the  office  of 
Chairman  of  Committees,  and  on  the  10th 
Nov.  1814,  he  was  chosen  his  permanent 
successor,  and  thereupon  sworn  a  Privy 
Councillor.  The  duties  of  this  office  are 
very  considerable.  Those  functions  which 
in  the  Lower  House  occupy  the  time  and 
attention  of  the  Chairman  of  Committees, 
the  Speaker's  counsel,  and  the  two  ex- 
aminers of  petitions,  were  fully  and  well 
done  in  the  Upper  for  nearly  forty  years 
by  "old"  Lord  Shaftesbury,  who  was 
sever  old  when  business  pressed.  Strong 
common  sense,  knowledge  of  the  statute 
law,  and  above  all  uncompromising  impar- 
tiality made  him  an  autocrat  in  his  depart- 
ment. When  once  he  heard  a  case,  and 
deliberately  pronounced  judgment,  sub- 
mission almost  invariably  followed.  A 
Bsaa  of  the  largest  experience  as  a  parlia- 
mentary agent  has  been  heard  to  say  that 
ht  remembered  only  one  case  in  which  the 
House  reversed  a  decision  of  Lord  Shaftes- 
bury :  and  oa  that  occasion  it  became  ne- 
cessary to  ft)t?ail  on  the  Dake  of  Wd- 


lington  to  speak  in  order  to  overcome  the 
'*  old  Earl.''     It  would  not  be  easy  to 
cite  many  instances  of  men  who  have  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  business  of  a  delibe- 
rative assembly  after  the  age  of  75  ;  but 
the  labours   of  Lord   Shaftesbury   were 
continued  beyond  that  of  fourscore.    To 
all  outward  seeming  he  was  nearly  as  effi- 
cient at  one  period  of  bis  life  as  at  another. 
By  the  time  he  had  reached  the  age  of 
50 — which  was  about   half-way  through 
the  15  years  that  Lord  Liverpool's  Minis- 
try held  the  government — Lord  Shaftes- 
bury's knowledge  of  his  duties  as  chair- 
man to  the  Lords  was  complete,  and  then 
he  appeared  to  settle  down  in  life  with  the 
air,  the  habits,  the  modes  of  thought  and 
action,  natural  to  old  age.     He  was  cer- 
tainly a  man  of  undignified  presence,  of 
indistinct  and  hurried  speech,  of  hasty  and 
brusque  manner  ;  but  there  was  a  general 
impression  that  the  House  of  Lords  could 
could  not  have  had  a  more  efficient  chair- 
man.    In  the  formal  business  of  commit- 
tees  he  rarely  allowed  them  to  make  a 
mbtake,  while  he  was  prompt  as  well  as 
safe  in  devising  the  most  convenient  mode 
of  carrying  any  principle  into  practical 
effect.      He  was  no  theorist ;  there  was 
nothing  of  the  speculative  philosopher  in 
the  constitution  of  bis  mind ;  and  he  there- 
fore readily  gained  credit  for  being  what 
he  really  was,  an  excellent  man  of  business. 
In  dealing  with  minute  distinctions  and 
mere   verbal  emendations   a  deliberative 
assembly  occasionally  loses  its  way,  and 
members  sometimes  ask,  "  What  is  it  we 
are  about  ?  "     This  was  a  question  which 
Lord  Shaftesbury  usually  answered  with 
great  promptitude  and  perspicuity,  rarely 
failing  to  put  the  question  before  their 
Lordships    in    an    unmistakeable    form. 
Another  valuable  quality  of  Lord  Shaftes- 
bury as  a  chairman  consisted  in  his  im- 
patience  of    prosy   unprofitable   talk,  of 
which   doubtless   there  is  comparatively 
little  in  the  Upper  House  ;  but  even  that 
little  he  laboured  to  make  less  by  occa- 
sionally reviving  attention  to  the   exact 
points  at  issue,  and  sometimes,  by  an  ex- 
cusable manoeuvre,  shutting  out  opportu- 
nity for  useless  discussion.     When  he  sat 
on  the  woolsack  as  speaker,  in  the  absence 
of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  he  deported  him- 
self after  the  manner  of  Chancellors;  but 
when  he  got  into  his  proper  element  at 
the  table  of  the  house  nothing  could  be 
more  rapid  than  bis  evolutions  ;  no  hesi- 
tation, no  dubiety,  nor  would  he  allow  any 
one  else  to  pause  or  doubt.     Often  has  he 
been  heard  to  say,  in  no  very  gentle  tones, 
"  Give  me  that  clause  now  t '* — •'That's 
enough; " — "  It  will  do  very  well  as  it  is ; " 
— •'  if  you  have  anything  further  to  pro- 
pose, move  at  once;" — **  Get  tlurocch  the 


IS51.] 


Obituary* — Earl  ofBantry. 


83 


bill  now,  and  bring  up  that  on  the  third 
reading/'  He  always  made  their  Lord- 
ships feel  that,  come  what  might,  it  was 
their  daty  to  "  get  through  the  bill  ;''  and 
so  expeditious  was  the  old  Earl,  that  he 
would  get  out  of  the  chair,  bring  up  his 
report,  and  move  the  House  into  another 
committee  in  the  short  time  that  sufficed 
for  the  Chancellor  to  transfer  himself  from 
the  woolsack  to  the  Treasury  bench  and 
back  again. 

Notwithstanding  a  little  tendency  to  be 
whimsical,  and  though  he  was  not  remark- 
able either  for  gravity  or  suavity  of  man- 
ner, yet  Lord  Shaftesbury  was  not  only 
popular  with  the  Peers,  but  he  was  also 
much  esteemed  by  the  professional  gentle- 
men (parliamentary  agents)  who  practised 
in  the  sort  of  court  over  which  he  presided. 
In  the  year  1845  those  gentlemen  conveyed 
to  him  their  united  request  that  he  would 
sit  for  his  portrait;  and  the  picture,  painted 
by   Horsley,  was  exhibited  at  the  Royal 
Academy.     It  is  understood  that  the  So- 
ciety of  Parliamentary  Agents  wished  this 
portrait  to  be  placed  in  the  new  House  of 
Lords,  or  in  some  of  the  adjoining  apart- 
ments, as  a  memorial  of  their  respect  for 
his  high  character  and  long  services,  but 
it  is   said  that  the  Palace  Commissioners 
have  not  accepted  the  offer.       Further 
evidences  of  goodwill  towards  his  Lord- 
ship might  easily  be  enumerated,  and  it  is 
much  to  his  honour  that  he  never  pur- 
chased popularity  by  any  unworthy  com- 
pliances, for  be  was  a  rigid  observer  of  all 
those  ancient  practices  which  insure  order, 
completeness,  and  "  indifferent  justice.'' 
To  his  official  successor  (Lord  Redesdale) 
will  descend  the  use  of  many  valuable  pre- 
cedents established  by  his  decisions  and 
enforced  by  his  authority  ;  and  with  them 
will  also  descend  an  example  which  may 
perhaps  be  followed,  but  a  reputation  not 
likely  to  be  surpassed  or  soon  forgotten. 
At  the  commencement  of  the  present  ses- 
sion an  address  was  moved  by  the  Mar- 
quess  of  Lansdowne,  and  seconded    by 
Lord   Stanley,   recognising   the  eminent 
services  of  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury,  and 
recommending  her  Majesty  to  confer  upon 
him  some  retiring  allowance  as  a  mark  of 
her  favour.     A  similar  address  was  moved 
and  carried  in  the  House  of  Commons. 

The  Earl  of  Shaftesbury  married,  on 
the  10th  Dec.  1796,  Lady  Anne  Spencer, 
fourth  daughter  of  George  fourth  Duke  of 
Marlborough ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  sur- 
vives him,  he  had  issue  six  sons  and  four 
daughters,  of  whom  four  sons  and  three 
daughters  are  living.  They  were,  1 .  Lady 
Caroline  Mary,  married  in  1831  to  Joseph 
Neeld,  esq.  of  Grittleton,  Wilts,  M.P.  for 
Chippenham  ;  2.  Lady  Harriet  Anne, 
married  in  1830  to  the  Right  Hon.  Henry 


Thomas  Lowry  Corry,  M.P.  for  Tyroj^, 
brother  to  the  Earl  of  Belmore  ;  3.  Lady 
Charlotte  Barbara,  married  to  Henry  Lyi- 
ter,  esq.  of  Rowton  Castle,  Salop  ;  4.  An- 
thony, now  Earl  of  Shaftesbury ;  5.  the 
Hon.   Arthur    William   Ashley    Cooper^ 
Master  of  St.  Katharine's  Hospital,  and 
late  Treasurer  and  Vice  Chamberlain  to 
her  Majesty  Queen  Adelaide,  who  married 
in  1831,  Maria- Anne,  eldest  daughter  of 
Colonel  Hugh  Duncan  Baillie,  of  Tarra- 
dale,  CO.  Ross  ;  6.  Frederica,  who  died  in 
1808  in  her  3rd  year;  7.  the  Hon.  An- 
thony Henry  Ashley  Cooper,  a  captain  in 
the  army,  and  formerly  M.P.   for  Dor- 
chester, who  married  in  1835  Jane-Fran- 
ces, only  child  of  Robert  Pattison,  esq. 
of  Wrackleford,  co.  Dorset,  and  has  issue; 
8.  the  Hon.  Anthony  John  Ashley  Cooper, 
esq.  barrister-at-law,  who  married  in  1840 
Julia,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  John  Con- 
yers,   esq.  of  Copt  Hall,  Essex  ;  9.  the 
Hon.  Anthony -Francis,  who  died  in  1825, 
in  his  15th  year ;  and  10.  the  Hon.  An- 
thony-Lionel, who  died  in  1836,  in  hii 
23rd  year. 

The  present  Earl  of  Shaftesbury  waa 
born  in  1801,  and  has  been  member  for 
Bath  in  the  present  parliament.  He  wag 
formerly  First  Commissioner  of  Woods 
and  Forests,  and  has  been  highly  distin- 
guished by  bis  many  public  exertions  for 
the  amelioration  of  the  condition  of  tbo 
people.  He  married  in  1839  Lady  Emily 
Cowper,  sister  to  Earl  Cowper,  and  hat 
a  numerous  family. 

The  Earl  of  Bantry. 

May  2.  At  Glengariff  Lodge,  co.  Cork, 
in  his  84  th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Richard 
White,  Earl  of  Bantry,  Viscount  Bere- 
haven,  Viscount  and  Baron  Bantry,  of 
Bantry,  co.  Cork. 

Lord  Bantry  was  born  on  the  6th  Aug. 
1767  ;  and  was  the  eldest  son  of  Simon 
White,  esq.  qf  Bantry,  by  Frances-Jane, 
daughter  of  Richard  Hedges  Eyre,  of 
Mount  Hedges,  esq. 

When  the  French  threatened  Ireland 
with  invasion  in  the  year  1 796,  Mr.  White 
distinguished  himself  by  his  active  eier- 
tions  in  repelling  their  attempt  to  land  in 
Bantry  bay,  on  the  27th  Jan.  1797.'*' 

In  acknowledgment  of  his  servicea  on 
this  occasion  the  corporation  of  Cork  pre* 
sented  him  with  a  gold  medal,  and  King 
George  the  Third  advanced  him  to  the 
peerage  by  the  title  of  Baron  Bantry,  by 


*  At  the  beginning  of  the  same  month 
the  Lord  Lieutenant  stated  in  a  letter  to 
the  Duke  of  Portland — "  In  particnlar, 
the  spirit,  activity,  and  exertions  of  Rich- 
ard White,  esq.  of  Seafield  Park,  deserrt 
the  moat  honourable  mention." 


84 


Obituary. — Earl  of  Cotlenham. 


[July, 


patent  dated  the  3 let  March  in  the  same 
year.  Previously  to  the  Union  he  was 
advanced  to  the  dignity  of  a  Viscount  by 
the  same  title,  by  patent  dated  Dec.  29, 
1800  ;  and  on  the  22nd  Jan.  1816  he  was 
further  advanced  to  the  titles  of  Earl  of 
Bantry  and  Viscount  Berehaven.  For 
the  supporters  of  his  arms  he  chose  a 
grenadier  and  a  female  personifying  Ire- 
land, each  backed  by  military  trophies. 
His  motto  was,  ''The  noblest  motive  is 
the  public  good.'* 

Lord  Bantry  received  a  commission  as 
Captain  of  the  Bantry  volunteer  corps, 
Aug.  13, 1803  ;  his  brother,  the  late  Simon 
White,  esq.  was  the  second  captain. 

His  Lordship  was  at  all  times  a  firm 
and  consistent  Conservative.  As  a  resi- 
dent landlord  he  was  justly  popular  with 
all  parties,  without  distinction  of  sect  or 
creed. 

He  married,  Nov.  3,  1/99,  Margaret- 
Anne  Hare,  eldest  daughter  of  William 
first  Earl  of  Listowel,  and  by  that  lady 
(who  died  in  1835),  he  had  four  sons  and 
one  daughter  :  1 .  Richard,  his  successor  ; 
2.  the  Hon.  William  Hart  White  Hedges, 
of  Macroom  Castle,  co.  Cork,  who  mar- 
ried in  1845,  Jane,  youngest  daughter 
of  the  late  Charles  John  Herbert,  esq. 
of  Muckross  abbey,  Killarney,  and  has 
usue  two  daughters  ;  3.  Lady  Maria,  who 
died  in  1817,  unmarried;  4.  the  Hon. 
Simon  White,  an  officer  in  the  army,  who 
died  unmarried  in  1837  ;  and 5.  the  Hon. 
Robert  Hedges  White,  bom  in  1810. 

The  present  Earl  was  born  in  1800,  and 
married  in  1836  Lady  Ma  17  O'Bryen, 
third  daughter  of  William  Marquess  of 
Tbomond;  but  has  no  children. 


The  Earl  of  Cottenham. 

April  29.  At  Pietra  Santa,  in  the  Duchy 
of  Lucca,  on  his  70th  birthday,  the  Right 
Hon.  Charles  Christopher  Pepys,  Earl  of 
Cottenham,  Viscount  Crowhurst,  of  Crow- 
burst,  CO.  Surrey,  and  Baron  Cottenham, 
of  Cottenham,  co.  Cambridge,  a  Privy 
Councillor,  a  Baronet,  and  a  Bencher  of 
Lincoln's  Inn. 

Lord  Cottenham  was  the  second  son  of 
dir  William  Weller  Pepys,  Bart,  a  Master 
in  Chancery,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
the  Right  Hon.  William  Dowdeswell.  He 
xfta  born  in  Wimpole-ttreet,  on  the  29th 
of  April,  1781  ;  and  had,  therefore,  at  the 
time  of  his  decease,  just  completed  the 
70th  year  of  his  age.  He  received  in  his 
early  years  all  the  advantages  of  a  sound 
education,  and  in  due  time  went  to  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  where  he  graduated 
LL.B.  in  the  year  1803  without  honours. 
This  was  the  same  year  in  which  Sir 
James  Parke  and  Mr.  Justice  Coltman, 
also  of  Trinity,  took  wrangler's  degrees. 


He  was  admitted  a  member  of  Lincoln's 
Inn  on  the  26th  Jan.  1801,  and  called  to 
the  bar  by  that  society  on  the  S3rd  Nov. 
1804.  From  the  day  that  he  quitted 
Cambridge  he  devoted  himself  with  un- 
remitting assiduity  and  signal  success  to 
the  study  of  his  profession.  Under  the 
late  William  Tidd,  so  celebrated  for  his 
pupils  and  his  pleadings,  he  was  initiated 
to  the  most  scientific  part  of  the  law,  and 
he  was  also  for  a  time  under  the  advice 
and  guidance  of  Sir  Samuel  Roroilly.  The 
progress  of  Mr.  Pepys  at  the  Chancery 
bar  was  not  rapid.  He  was  22  years  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession  before  he 
reached  the  rank  of  King's  Counsel,  in 
Michaelmas  Term  1826.  On  the  6th  of 
November  in  the  same  year  he  became  a 
bencher  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Solicitor- General  to  Queen  Ade- 
laide in  1830  ;  and  (Sir  John  Campbell 
being  the  Attorney-General,)  Solicitor- 
General  to  the  King  in  February,  1834, 
whereupon  he  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood. 

In  July  1831,  through  the  interest  of 
Earl  Fitz William,  he  was  returned  to  Par- 
liament for  Higham  Ferrars ;  in  Oct. 
following  he  exchanged  to  the  borough  of 
Malton,  in  the  same  patronage,  and  for 
which  he  was  re-elected  in  1832  and  1835. 

On  the  retirement  of  Sir  John  Leach, 
Mr.  Pepys  became  Master  of  the  Rolls, 
in  Sept.  1834.  To  his  duties  in  this  court 
were  soon  afterwards  added  the  functions 
which  belong  to  a  Commissioner  of  the 
Great  Seal,  to  which  he  was  appointed, 
jointly  with  others,  in  the  month  of  April, 
1835,  the  Whigs  not  being  then  prepared 
with  a  Chancellor  in  whom  they  could 
confide,  or  whose  character  and  position 
wonld  add  weight  to  their  Government. 
The  admirable  manner  in  which  Sir 
Charles  Pepys  presided  in  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  however,  soon  led  the  Minister 
to  place  unbounded  reliance  in  his  learn- 
ing, abilities,  and  discretion.  On  the  16th 
Jan.  1836,  he  became  Lord  Chancellor, 
which  office  he  held  with  great  advantage 
to  his  party  and  to  the  country  from  that 
date  till  Sept.  1841.  when,  the  Conserva- 
tives coming  into  power,  he  made  way 
for  Lord  Lyndhurst.  It  was  of  course  on 
his  elevation  to  the  highest  place  in  the 
Court  of  Chancery  that  Sir  Charles  Pepys 
received  his  peerage.  His  title  was  de- 
rived from  a  manor  near  Cambridge, 
where  his  family  had  been  resident  from 
early  in  the  16th  century.  When  the 
present  Mini:>ters  returned  to  power,  in 
August,  1846,  Lord  Cottenham  again  be- 
came Chancellor  ;  but  his  health  had  in 
the  interval  evidently  declined,  and  his 
frequent  absence  from  court  rendered  it 
obvious  that  the  office  of  Chancellor  must 


1851.] 


Obituary. —  Viscount  Strathaltan, 


86 


be  intrusted  to  stronger  hands.  In  the 
month  of  June  of  last  year  Lord  Gotten- 
ham  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  an  Earl, 
and  the  Great  Seal  was  put  in  commis- 
sion.  His  lordship  then  went  abroad  in 
the  vain  hope  of  repairing  a  constitution 
broken  down  by  severe  intellectual  labour, 
the  toils  of  office,  and  the  anxieties  of 
public  life. 

'*  Lord  Cottenham  affords  another  illus- 
tration of  the  rule  that  it  is  not  always  the 
most  brilliant  advocate  that  makes  the 
soundest  judge.  Although  he  was  never 
remarkable  for  his  eloquence,  nor  achieved 
extraordinary  success  as  a  practitioner,  no 
man  ever  gained  greater  laurels  on  the 
bench,  and  his  decisions  will  long  be  re- 
garded as  precedents  of  the  highest  au- 
thority,— as  models  for  the  imitation  of  his 
successors.  In  politics  he  was  ever  a 
steady  and  consistent  Liberal.  Although 
no  great  legal  reforms  were  introduced  un- 
der his  auspices,  the  omission  may  be 
ascribed  rather  to  the  overwhelming  nature 
of  his  various  duties,  that  preoccupied  his 
entire  time,  than  to  any  lack  of  inclination 
on  his  part.  His  name  will  go  down  to 
posterity  as  a  sound  lawyer,  and  an  able 
ao  d  im  partial  j  udge.  *  * 

In  1845  the  baronetcy  conferred  on  his 
father  in  1801  devolved  on  Lord  Cotten- 
ham, by  the  death  of  his  elder  brother  Sir 
William  Weller  Pepys,  unmarried;  and 
in  1847  he  also  inherited  the  same  dignity 
which  had  been  conferred  in  1 784  on  his 
uncle  Sir  Lucas  Pepys,  M.D.  Physician- 
General  to  the  Army,  and  Physician  in 
Ordinary  to  King  George  the  Third. 

He  married  June  30,  1821,  Caroline, 
daughter  of  William  Wingfield,  esq.  Mas* 
ter  in  Chancery,  and  niece  to  the  present 
Earl  Digby ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  sur- 
vives him,  he  had  sixteen  children,  of 
whom  twelve  survive,  three  sons  and 
nine  daughters.     They  are  all  unmarried. 

His  eldest  son,  the  present  Earl,  was 
born  in  1824  ;  he  is  a  M.A.  of  Trinity 
college,  Cambridge,  and  Clerk  of  the 
Crown  in  the  Court  of  Chancery. 

The  body  of  Lord  Cottenham  was 
brought  for  interment  to  Totteridge,  co. 
Herts. 


Viscount  Strathallan. 

May  14.  At  Castle  Strathallan,  Perth- 
shire, aged  84,  the  Right  Hon.  James  An- 
drew John  Lawrence  Charles  Drummond, 
sixth  Viscount  of  Strathallan,  and  Lord 
Drummond  of  Cromlix  (1686),  and  ninth 
Baron  Maderty  (1609),  a  Representative 
Peer  of  Scotland. 

Lord  Strathallan  was  born  on  the  24th 
March,  1767,  the  younger  son  of  the  Hon. 
William  Drummond  (third  sou  of  William 
the  fovurth   Viscount),   by  Anne,   second 


daughter  of  Major  David  Nairne,  of  the 
French  ssrvice.  His  elder  brother,  Wil- 
liam,  a  Lieut. -Colonel  in  the  army,  died  in 
the  West  Indies,  unmarried. 

In  early  life  his  Lordship  went  to  China, 
and  he  was  for  many  years  the  chief  of  the 
British  settlement  at  Canton.  After  his 
return  home  he  married,  on  the  15th  Jan. 
1809,  Lady  Amelia  Sophia  Murray,  third 
daughter  of  John  fourth  Duke  of  Atbol. 
He  was  chosen  M.P.  for  the  county  of 
Perth  in  March,  1812,  on  the  resignation 
of  Lord  James  Murray;  and  in  opposition 
to  Sir  Thomas  Graham,  K.B.  (afterwards 
Lord  Lynedoch),  who  had  been  previously 
member  for  that  county  from  1794  to  1807. 
Mr.  Drummond  defeated  Sir  Thomas  Gra- 
ham by  69  votes  to  51 ;  and  again  at  the 
general  election  in  the  same  year  by  75 
votes  to  68.  He  was  rechosen  without  op- 
position in  1818  and  1820,  and  resigned  his 
seat  in  March  1824  ;  having  supported  the 
Tory  party. 

Mr.  Drummond  succeeded  to  the  repre- 
sentation of  his  family  in  1817,  on  the 
death  of  his  cousin  General  Andrew  John 
Drummond ;  who  was  the  only  surviving 
son  of  James  the  fifth  Viscount,  attainted 
after  the  rebellion  of  1745  ;  and  who 
claimed  the  peerage  in  1787,  on  the  ground 
of  his  father  not  having  been  duly  named 
in  the  act  of  attainder,  but  which  claim 
was  rejected  in  1790. 

The  peerage  was  ultimately  restored  by 
an  act  of  parliament  which  received  the 
royal  assent  on  the  17th  June,  1824. 

Lord  Strathallan  was  elected  one  of  the 
representative  peers  of  Scotland  on  the 
next  vacancy,  and  was  rechosen  at  each 
subsequent  election. 

By  his  wife,  already  mentioned,  and  who 
died  on  thel  9 th  June  1 849, Lord  Strathallan 
had  issue  seven  sons  and  two  daughters,  of 
whom  five  sons  and  one  daughter  survive 
him.  Their  names  were,  I.William- Henry, 
now  Viscount  Strathallan  ;  2.  the  Hon. 
Marianne- Jane,  married  in  1842  to  George 
Drummond  Graeme,  esq.  of  Inchbrachie  ; 

3.  the  Hon.  James-Robert,  Capt.  R.N. ; 

4.  the  Hon.  Edmund,  of  the  Bengal 
Civil  Service,  who  married  in  1837  Julia- 
Mary,  daughter  of  J.  C.  C.  Sutherland,  esq. 
and  has  issue ;  5.  the  Hon.  Francis-Charles, 
who  married  in  1849  Charlotte  Mary  Athol, 
only  daughter  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  Sir 
Herbert  Oakeley,  Bart.  Dean  of  Booking, 
and  great-granddaughter  of  Charles  third 
Duke  of  Athol ;  6.  the  Hon.  Maurice-Ed- 
ward, who  died  an  infant ;  7.  the  Hon. 
Emily- Jane,  who  died  in  1829,  aged  eleven ; 
8.  the  Hon.  Robert- Andrew- John,  of  the 
Bengal  Civil  Service ;  and  9.  the  Hon.  Fre- 
derick, who  died  at  Purneah  in  India  in 
1848. 

The  present  Viscount  was  born  in  1810, 


86 


Viscount  Newry  and  lUome.'^Lord  Montfort.         [  Julyi 


and  married,  in  1833,  Christina- Maria- 
Herzey,  sister  to  Sir  David  Baird,  Bart, 
of  Newbyth,  by  whom  he  has  issue  a  nu- 
merous family. 


Viscount  Newry  and  Morne,  M.P. 

May  6.  In  Grosvenor-crescent,  Eaton- 
square,  aged  36,  the  Right  Hon.  Francis- 
Jack  Viscount  Newry  and  Morne,  M.P. 
for  Newry,  and  a  Deputy-Lieutenant  for 
the  county  Down  ;  son  and  heir  apparent 
of  the  Earl  of  Kilmorey. 

His  mother  was  Jane  fifth  daughter  of 
Greorge  Gunn  Cunninghame,  esq.  of  Mount 
Kennedy,  co.  Wicklow. 

He  was  first  returned  to  Parliament  for 
Newry  in  1841,  defeating  Sir  John  Mil- 
ley  Doyle  by  319  votes  to  237.  He  was 
re-chosen  without  opposition  in  1847.  His 
Lordship  professed  Conservative  prin- 
ciples, but  supported  free  trade  in  corn. 

He  married,  July  30,  1839,  Anne-Ame- 
lia, eldest  daughter  of  the  late  General  the 
Hon.  Sir  Charles  Colville,  G.C.B.  ;  and 
by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  had 
issue  Francis- Charles  now  Viscount  Newry 
and  Morne,  born  in  1843,  two  other  sons 
and  two  daughters.  His  body  was  con- 
veyed for  interment  to  the  beautiful  chapel 
adjoining  Shavington  Hall,  near  Market 
Drayton,  Shropshire.  Amongst  the  prin- 
cipal mourners  were  the  Earl  of  Kilmorey, 
Viscount  Newry,  Hon.  Robert  Needham, 
Hon.  Francis  Henry  Needham,  Lord  Col- 
ville, Lord  Alfred  Hervey,  and  several 
other  members  of  the  nobility  and  gentry 
of  the  neighbourhood. 


Lord  Montfort. 

April  30.  At  his  residence  in  Upper 
Montagu-street,  Montagu-square,  in  his 
78th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Brom- 
ley, Lord  Montfort,  Baron  of  Horseheath, 
00.  Cambridge. 

The  late  Lord  Montfort  was  the  grand- 
son of  Henry  Bromley,  esq.  of  Horseheath, 
who,  having  represented  the  county  of 
Cambridge  in  Parliament,  was  created 
Baron  Montfort  in  the  year  1741.  He 
was  lineally  descended  from  Sir  Thomas 
Bromley,  Lord  Chancellor  in  the  reign  of 
Elisabeth. 

He  was  bom  on  the  14th  May,  1773, 
being  the  only  son  of  Thomas  the  second 
Lord,  by  Mary-Anne,  daughter  of  Sir 
Patrick  Blake,  of  Langham,  Suffolk,  Bart 

He  succeeded  his  father  in  the  peerage, 
Oct.  24,  1799.  As  a  decayed  member  of 
the  peerage,  he  was  awarded  a  public  pen- 
sion of  600/.  by  grant  dated  8th  Oct. 
1800  ;  and  a  further  grant  of  200/.  dated 
10th  March,  1803.  He  had  contracted 
an  inferior  alliance  in  1793,  by  marrying 
Mitf  Elisabeth  Watts,  who  died  without 


issue,  Dec.  10, 1847.  His  Lordship  mar* 
ried  secondly,  thirteen  days  after,  Anne, 
daughter  of  Mr.  William  Burgham,  of 
Upton  Bishop,  co.  Hereford.  He  had  no 
children,  and  his  peerage  has  become  ex- 
tinct. 

In  Parliament  he  adhered  to  the  Whig 
party,  and  he  was  one  of  the  majority 
who  voted  for  the  Reform  act. 

His  body  was  deposited  in  Kensal  Green 
Cemetery  on  the  8th  of  May.  He  had 
expressed  a  wish  to  be  interred  with  his 
ancestors  at  Horseheath  ;  but  the  request 
was  not  complied  with,  on  the  plea  that 
the  vault  there  was  already  filled.  Thus, 
as  in  other  cases  of  decayed  families,  the 
last  of  the  race  lies  far  away  from  hoi!ne. 
The  mansion  and  estate  had  been  forfeited 
by  his  father's  embarrassments.  The  fur- 
niture and  pictures  were  removed  in  1775; 
the  house  sold  for  the  materials  in  1777  ; 
and  the  park  disparked. 

Right  Hon.  R.  L.  Sheil. 

May  23.  At  Florence,  in  his  59th 
year,  the  Right  Hon.  Richard  Lalor  Shell, 
her  Majesty's  Minister  to  the  Court  of 
Tuscany. 

Mr.  Sheil  was  a  native  of  Dublin,  and 
born  in  the  year  1793.  His  father,  Mr. 
Edward  Sheil,  resided  for  many  years  at 
Cadiz,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits 
with  more  than  ordinary  success.  Having 
amassed  a  competence,  he  returned  to  the 
county  of  Waterford,  purchased  an  estate, 
and  built  a  mansion.     His  son's  education 

* 

commenced  at  Stoney hurst,  and  was  con- 
tinued at  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  where 
he  graduated  with  much  distinction.  He 
next  kept  his  terms  at  Lincoln's  Inn  with 
the  view  of  being  called  to  the  English 
bar ;  but  in  the  meantime  his  father, 
having  entered  anew  into  commercial  spe- 
culations, lost  the  whole  of  his  fortune  by 
a  disastrous  partnership.  His  son  returned 
to  Ireland,  and  was  called  to  the  Irish  bar 
in  1814.  To  assist  in  defraying  the  ne- 
cessary expense  he  wrote  the  tragedy  of 
**  Adelaide,"  which  the  celebrated  Miit 
O'NeiU,  by  her  wonderful  histrionic  power, 
rendered  temporarily  successful.  Con- 
tinuing to  write  for  the  stage,  The  Apo8« 
tate,  Bellamira,  and  Evadne,  were  the  re- 
sult of  his  labours  and  his  genius,  and  they 
produced  him  about  2,000/.  Mr.  Shell 
was  also  supposed  to  be  the  author  of  a 
series  of  sketches  of  Irish  jurisprudence, 
which  appeared  in  the  New  Monthly 
Magazine  during  the  editorship  of  Mr. 
Campbell. 

In  the  profession  of  the  law,  though  he 

attained  the  rank  of  Queen's  Counsel,  he 

never  enjoyed  a  lucrative  practice.     On 

'remarkable  occasions  he  held  briefs  and 

made  showy  apeechea,  b«t  the  attoraeyt 


1861.] 


Obituary. — Eight  Hon.  /?.  L.  SheiL 


87 


bad  no  confidence  in  his  legal  acquire- 
ments, and,  thongh  the  judges  regarded 
affectionately  his  personal  character  and 
greatly  admired  his  genius,  yet  his  argu- 
ments were  listened  to  with  comparatively 
little  attention.  It  was  said,  however, 
that  he  determined  if  possible  to  get  on  in 
the  more  arduous  walks  of  the  profession, 
and  hoped  for  especial  fi&vour  in  the  Rolls 
Court,  having  married,  in  1816,  Miss 
O'Hallorao,  niece  to  Sir  William  Mac 
Mahon  (who  then  presided  in  that  court), 
and  niece  also  to  Sir  John  Mac  Mahon, 
who  at  that  time  was  private  secretary  to 
the  Prince  Regent.  But  all  this  gossip  of 
the  *'  Four  Courts  "  ended  in  nothing. 
Mr.  Shell,  instead  of  an  eminent  lawyer, 
became  a  political  agitator.  His  speeches 
at  public  meetings  in  Dublin,  the  first  of 
which  was  delivered  by  him  at  the  early 
age  of  eighteen^  attracted  the  admiration 
of  all  classes  *,  his  passionate  tone  delighted 
the  vulgar,  his  wit  and  exquisite  fancy 
charmed  the  most  cultivated  minds,  while 
his  perfect  amiability  of  character,  his  high 
and  generous  nature,  secured  the  friendship 
of  eyery  one  who  enjoyed  the  advantage  of 
his  acquaintance. 

In  1832  he  became  an  active  supporter 
of  the  Catholic  Association,  and  in  1825 
he  was  selected,  conjointly  with  Mr. 
O'Connell,  to  attend  at  the  House  of 
Commons,  and  plead  against  the  Bill  for 
its  suppression.  On  his  return,  unsuc- 
cessful, his  speeches  became  so  violent 
that  a  prosecution  was  commenced  against 
him,  but  between  the  finding  of  the  bills 
uid  the  law  term  to  which  the  trial  had 
been  postponed  Lord  Liverpool  was 
•truck  with  apoplexy,  Mr.  Canning  be- 
came Prime  Minister,  and  the  prosecution 
was  abandoned.  Then  came  the  Welling- 
ton ministry,  and  the  Clare  election,  in 
which  Shell  was  most  active,  and  O'Con- 
nell,  though  disqualified  as  a  Romanist, 
was  returned. 

In  Oct.  1828,  a  great  meeting  on  the 
subject  was  announced  to  be  held  at  Pe- 
nenden  Heath,  near  Maidstone.  This 
meeting  Mr.  Shell  determined  to  attend. 
He  came  over  to  London,  purchased  a 
freehold  in  order  to  entitle  him  to  speak, 
and  went  to  the  meeting,  which  was  one 
scene  of  the  vrildest  turbulence.  Mr. 
Shell  attempted  to  address  the  meeting, 
bat  he  could  not  procure  a  hearing,  and 
was  obliged  to  publish  his  speech  in  the 
newspapers. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Relief  Act,  when 
it  became  law,  opened  to  Mr.  Sheil  a  new 
and  more  extended  sphere  of  action.  He 
was  returned  to  Parliament  in  1 829  for 
Lord  Anglesey's  borough  of  Milbourne 
Port,  and  soon  became  one  of  the  favourite 
erafton  of  the  Bouse.    At  first  there  was 


some  disposition  to  laugh  at  his  shrill  tonei 
and  vehement  gesticulation,  but  Parliament 
soon  recognised  him  as  one  of  its  orna- 
ments.    His  great  earnestness  and  appa- 
rent sincerity,  his  unrivalled  felicity  of  il- 
lustration,   his    extraordinary    power  of 
pushing  the  meaning  of  words  to  the  ut- 
most extent,  and  wringing  from  them  a 
force  beyond  the  range  of  ordinary  expres- 
sion, much  more  than  the  force  of  his 
reasoning  or  the  range   of  his   political 
knowledge,  obtained  for  him  in   Parlia- 
ment marked  attention  and,  for  the  most 
part,  unqualified  applause.     When  he  rose 
to  speak  members  took  their  places,  and 
the    hum    of    private    conversation   was 
hushed,  in  order  that  the  House  might 
enjoy  the  performances  of  an  accomplished 
artist — not  that  they  should  receive  the 
lessons  of  a  statesmanlike  adviser,  or  fol- 
low the  lead  of  a  commanding  politician. 
Mr.   Sheil  was  again  returned   for  Mil- 
bourne  Port  in  1830,  having  been  an  un- 
successful  candidate    for  the   county   of 
Louth.     In  1831,  however,  he  got  in  for 
Louth  ;  in  1832  he  was  returned  for  Tip- 
perary,    without    contest,   and  again    in 
1 835  ;  but  in  1 837  there  was  an  opposition, 
against  which   he  prevailed.     His   prin- 
cipal influence  in  that  county,  exclusive 
of  the  weight  of  his  public  character,  was 
derived  from  his  second  marriage,  in  1830, 
vrith  the  widow  of  Edmund  Power,  esq.  of 
Gurteen,  on  which  occasion  he  assumed 
the  lady^s  maiden  name  of  Lalor  before 
his  own.    Her  eldest  son  (whose  recent  de- 
cease is  noticed  in  a  subsequent  page,) 
being  then  in  his  minority,  whatever  in- 
fluence he  might  possess  as  a  landlord  was 
at  the  command  of  Mr.  Sheil,  who  con- 
tinued to   sit  for  Tipperary  until   1841, 
though  he  encountered  some  opposition  on 
accepting  office  in  1838.     From  the  gene- 
neral  election  in  1841  till  the  time  of  his 
departure  for  Florence  in  1850,  he  repre- 
sented through  the  influence  of  the  Duke 
of  Devonshire  the  small  borough  of  Dun- 
garvan,  always  of  course  supporting  the 
most  liberal  section  of  the  Whigs.     In 
Feb.  1838  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
Commissioners    of    Greenwich   Hospital. 
In  March  1839  he  accepted  the  office  of 
Vice-President  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  and 
was  sworn  a  Privy  Councillor.     In  June 
W41  he  was  removed  to  the  post  of  Judge- 
Advocate  General,  which  he  held  only  to 
the  following  September,  when  the  minis- 
try went  out.     On  the  return  of  the  pre- 
sent Ministers  to  office,  in  July  1846,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  office  of  Master  of 
the  Mint ;  and  in  Nov.  1850,  he  accepted 
the  post  of  British  Minister  to  Florence. 
For  many  years  past  his  health  had  been  de- 
clining, bis  fits  of  gout  grew  more  frequent 
and  severe,  and  his  speeches  in  Parliament, 


88 


Obituary.— i?ev.  Sir  R.  Affleck, — Sir  C.  S.  Hunter.   [July, 


never  very  numerous,  came  at  length  to 
be  few  and  far  between.  Although  the 
appointment  to  Florence  was  nothing  less 
than  an  expatriation  of  the  individual, 
and  an  extinction  of  what  might  have  been 
a  growing  fame,  yet  he  submitted  not 
merely  with  a  philosophical  indifference, 
but  almost  in  a  joyous  spirit,  feeling,  or 
seeming  to  feel,  that  it  was  a  great  promo- 
tion and  a  dignified  retirement.  At  the 
same  time  it  was  regarded,  in  political 
circles,  in  the  light  of  a  convenient  escape 
from  the  awkward  necessity  of  either  sup- 
porting or  opposing  the  anti- papal  measure 
of  her  Majesty *8  ministers,  and  some  slight 
advantage  was  expected  to  accrue  from  his 
being  placed  in  a  position  of  so  close  prox- 
imity to  the  Court  of  Rome,  in  the  event 
of  future  negociations  with  that  power. 
The  immediate  cause  of  his  death  is  stated 
to  have  been  an  attack  of  gout  in  the  sto- 
mach ;  but  there  is  reason  to  believe  that 
the  late  tragical  death  of  his  son-in-law 
Mr.  Power  (see  p.  92)  occasioned  a  shock 
which  proved  too  great  for  that  highly  ex- 
citable nervous  susceptibility  and  keen 
sensitiveness  which  invariably  accom- 
panies the  higher  order  of  genius. 


Rev.  Sir  Robert  Affleck,  Bart. 

May  7.  At  Dalham  hall,  near  New- 
market, aged  86,  the  Rev.  Sir  Robert 
Affleck,  the  4th  Baronet  (1782),  a  Pre- 
bendary of  York. 

He  was  the  fourth  son  of  the  Rev. 
James  Affleck,  Vicar  of  Finedon,  North- 
amptonshire,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Daven- 
try,  and  a  Prebendary  of  Southwell,  by 
Mary,  only  daughter  of  Mr.  Proctor,  of 
Clay  Coton,  in  the  same  county.  He  was 
educated  at  Westminster,  where  he  was 
captain  of  the  school,  and  proceeded  to 
Christchurch,  Oxford,  where  he  gradu- 
ated B.A.  1787,  and  M.A.  in  1790.  He 
was  some  time  tutor  to  the  present  Rt. 
Hon.  Sir  James  Graham,  Bart. 

In  1796  Mr.  Affleck  was  collated  by 
Archbishop  Markham  to  the  vicarage  of 
Westow,  in  Yorkshire,  and  in  the  game 
year  he  was  presented  by  the  Dean  and 
Chapter  of  York  to  the  rectory  of  Tres- 
well,  in  Nottinghamshire.  In  1802  Arch- 
bishop Markham  collated  him  to  the  pre- 
bendal  stall  of  Throckington,  in  the  ca- 
tiiedral  churcl^of  York. 

He  was  presented  in  1807  to  the  vicar- 
age of  Doncaster,  which  he  held  for  ten 
years,  and  was  much  esteemed  by  the  in- 
habitants. He  resigned  the  living  in 
1817,  on  being  collated  by  Archbishop 
Hareourt  to  the  vicarage  of  Silkstone, 
near  Bamsley,  where  he  wan  equally  re- 
spected and  beloved. 

On  the  10th  August,  1833,  he  succeeded 
11 


to  the  title  and  estates  of  his  family  by 
the  death  of  his  brother  General  Sir  James 
Affleck.  He  resigned  the  living  of  Wes. 
tow  the  same  year,  and  those  of  Silkstone 
and  Treswell  in  1837. 

Sir  Robert  Affleck  married.  May  16, 
1800,  Maria,  second  daughter  of  Sir  Eli- 
jah Impey,  of  Newick  Park,  near  Chi- 
chester, some  time  Chief  Justice  in  Ben- 
gal ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  March  12, 
1825,  he  had  issue  seven  sons  and  four 
daughters.  The  former  are:  1.  Sir  Gil- 
bert, who  has  succeeded  to  the  title ;  he 
was  bom  in  1804,  and  married  in  1834 
Everina-Frances,  eldest  daughter  of  Fran- 
cis Ellis,  esq.  of  Bath  ;  2.  Robert  Affleck, 
esq.  who  married  in  1850  Mary-Emily, 
eldest  daughter  of  Edmund  Singer  Bur- 
ton, esq.  of  Wei  ton.  Place,  Northampton- 
shire ;  3.  the  Rev.  James  Danby  Affleck, 
Rector  of  Dalham  ;  4.  John ;  and  5. 
George.  The  daughters  are  :  1.  Mary- 
Philippa,  married  in  1836  to  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Francis  Hall,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Hat- 
field Broad  Oak,  in  Essex  ;  2.  Charlotte  ; 
3.  Harriet-Elizabeth,  married  in  1829  to 
John  Thomas  Bridges,  esq.  of  St.  Nicho- 
las Court,  in  the  Isle  of  Thanet ;  and  4. 
Marian,  married  in  1846  to  the  Rev. 
Samuel  Charles,  M.A.  Curate  of  Rings - 
hall,  Suffolk. 


Sir  Claudius  Stephen  Hunter,  Bt. 

April  20.  At  Mortimer  HiU,  Berks, 
aged  76,  Sir  Claudius  Stephen  Hunter, 
Bart.  Alderman  of  London  and  Father  of 
the  City,  Colonel  of  the  West  London 
Militia,  President  of  the  London  Life  As- 
sociation, and  D.C.L. 

This  venerable  and  distinguished  citizen 
was  bom  24th  Feb.  1775.  He  was  the 
youngest  son  of  Henry  Hunter,  esq.  of 
Beech  Hill,  Berks,  who  was  a  gentleman 
of  polished  education  and  engaging  man- 
ners, educated  at  Eton,  a  Fellow  Com- 
moner of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge, 
afterwards  called  to  the  bar,  and  married 
Mary,  third  daughter  of  William  Sloane, 
esq.  the  great-nephew  of  Sir  Hans  Sloane, 
Bart. 

The  paternal  ancestors  of  Sir  C.  S. 
Hunter  were  citizens  and  merchants  of 
London,  of  considerable  eminence  in  the. 
reign  of  Charles  I.  as  appears  from  family 
records  in  the  Heralds'  College,  by  the 
deed  executed  by  the  judges  commis- 
sioners for  the  settlement  of  estates  after 
the  Fire  of  London,  by  which  certain  pro- 
perty in  the  city  was  assigned  to  the  ances- 
tors of  the  late  baronet,  and  afterwards 
vested  in  his  elder  and  only  brother, 
Henry  Hunter,  esq.  of  Beech  HiU,  Berks, 
lineally  descended  from  Charles  Hunter, 
esq.  on  whom  the  property  was  settled  by 
that    deed.     John    Hunter,  the   son  of 


185 I.J     Obituary. — Sir  Claudius  Stephen  Hunter,  Bart. 


89 


Charles,  having  made  a  Tery  considerable 
addition  to  the  fortune  be  inherited  from 
bis  father,  purchased  the  estate  of  Beech 
Hill,  where  himself  and  bis  descendants 
cbidSjT  resided,  and  from  the  period  of  bis 
retirement  we  do  not  find  an  j  of  the  familj 
engaged  in  business,  except  the  subject  of 
this  notice. 

Sir  C.  S.  Hunter  was  educated  at  Mr. 
Newcome's  school  at  Hackney,  then  a 
seminary  of  much  celebrity,  patronised  by 
representatives  of  the  noble  bouses  of 
Grafton,  Devonshire,  and  Essex,  and  many 
other  families  of  consequence  and  dis- 
tinction. He  was  sent  to  finish  his  edu- 
cation with  a  Protestant  clergyman  in 
Switzerland,  where  he  remained  two  years. 
He  was  entered  a  student  of  the  Inner 
Temple,  but  subsequently  qualified  him- 
self for  the  practical  branch  of  the  legal 
profession  by  five  years*  service  and  tuition 
under  Messrs.  Beardsworth,  Burley,  and 
Moore,  solicitors  of  considerable  eminence 
in  Lincoln's  Inn,  and  afler  one  year's 
further  education  under  the  Solicitor  to 
the  Treasury,'  he  commenced  business  as 
a  solicitor  in  Lincoln's  Inn.  About  this 
time  he  married  Miss  Free, the  only  daugh- 
ter of  a  very  distinguished  merchant  of 
London,  with  whom  he  had  a  considerable 
fortune,  and  from  this  period  he  rapidly 
advanced  in  business.  He  became  soli- 
citor to  five  public  institutions,  viz. — The 
Commercial  Commissioners  under  the  In- 
come Duty  Acts ;  The  London  Dock 
Company ;  The  Royal  Institution ;  The 
Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Religion  and 
Virtue  and  Suppression  of  Vice  ;  and  the 
Linnsean  Society.  At  a  later  period  he 
was  solicitor  to  the  Royal  Exchange  As- 
surance Company. 

In  Sept.  1 804  he  was  unanimously  cho- 
sen Alderman  of  the  ward  of  Bassishaw. 
He  then  relinquished  the  general  manage- 
ment of  his  business  to  his  partner,  and 
two  years  afterwards  was  appointed  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel of  the  Royal  East  Regi- 
ment of  London  Militia,  and  dedicated 
much  of  his  time  to  his  regiment*  which 
was  then  occasionally  called  upon  to  serve 
at  a  distance  from  the  metropolis.  In 
June  1808  he  was  elected  one  of  the  She- 
riffs of  London,  and  for  the  active  and 
faithful  discharge  of  his  duties  received 
the  thanks  of  his  fellow-citizens. 

On  the  death  of  Mr.  Alderman  Newn- 
ham,  Colonel  of  the  Royal  West  Regiment 
of  London  Militia,  he  was  on  the  10th 
Jan.  1810,  by  ballot,  elected  Colonel  of 
that  regiment  by  a  large  majority  of  the 
Court  of  Lieutenancy,  although  Lieut.- 
Colonel  Wigan  was  the  other  candidate. 

Colonel  Hunter  finally  quitted  the  pro- 
fession of  the  law  as  a  solicitor  in  January 
1811,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  as  an 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


honorable   d^pnee   in    his   character  and 
station. 

At  Michaelmas  1811,  he  was  elected 
Lord  Mayor,  and  at  the  close  of  his  year  of 
office  he  received  the  thanks  of  the  Livery, 
as  also  of  his  brethren  the  Court  of  Alder- 
men and  the  Court  of  Common  Council, 
for  the  efficiency,  dignity,  and  liberality, 
with  which  he  went  tiirough  bis  office  of 
chief  magistrate ;  and  the  Crown  was  pleased 
in  Dec.  1812  to  confer  upon  him  the 
honours  of  the  baronetage. 

On  visiting  the  university  of  Oxford, 
June  23,  1819,  he  received  the  honorary 
degree  of  D.C.L. 

Having  been  left  a  widower,  be  mar- 
ried secondly,  in  1841,  Janet,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  James  Fenton,  esq. ; 
who  survives  to  lament  the  severe  loss 
which  she  has  sustained  by  his  decease. 

The  baronetcy  has  descended  to  his 
grandson,  now  Sir  Claudius  Stephen 
Hunter,  son  of  the  late  John  Hunter,  esq. 
by  a  daughter  of  W.  N.  W.  Hewett,  esq. 
of  York. 

At  the  time  of  his  decease  the  worthy 
baronet  was  Father  of  the  City,  having  in 
the  year  1835  removed  from  the  ward  of 
Bassishaw  to  that  of  Bridge  Without, 
which  latter  honour  is  now  sustamed  by 
Sir  John  Key,  Bart,  the  late  alderman  of 
the  ward  of  Langboum,  in  consequence  of 
his  senior,  Mr.  Alderman  Thompson, 
M.P.  wishing  to  continue  alderman  of  the 
ward  of  Cheap. 

Amongst  other  public  bodies  with  which 
Sir  C.  S.  Hunter  was  connected,  was  the 
London  Life  Association,  of  which  Society 
he  became  a  director  in  the  year  1822,  when 
the  amount  of  its  assurance  was  a  little 
more  than  2,500,000/. ;  and  so  highly 
was  he  appreciated  by  that  Company,  that 
he  was  elected  consecutively  to  fill  the 
offices  of  Trustee,  Vice-President,  and 
finally  President,  which  appointment  be 
held  from  the  year  1835  up  to  the  period 
of  his  decease ;  and,  so  satisfactorily  has 
the  Society  progressed  during  the  time 
he  was  connected  with  it,  that  the  amount 
of  assurances  is  understood  to  have  in- 
creased to  nearly  6,000,000/.,  and  its 
accumulated  capital  to  little  short  of 
2,500,000/. 

The  deceased  Baronet  was  tall,  hand- 
some, and  dignified  in  his  personal  ap- 
pearance ;  and  in  all  the  relations  of  life^ 
both  in  his  profession  as  a  solicitor  as  in 
that  of  a  magistrate,  and  as  a  husband,  a 
father,  and  a  true  and  humble  Christian,  he 
adorned  his  character  in  the  estimation  of 
the  public,  and  a  large  circle  of  private 
acquaintances.  It  has  been  considered  by 
some  that  in  the  earlier  period  of  his  life 
he  displayed  instances  of  personal  vanity » 
but  those  who  knew  his  real  worth  bear 

N 


90 


Gen.  Sir  H.  L>  Bethune, — Gen,  Sir  W.  Morison,      [July, 


their  warmest  testimony  to  his  integrity 
of  heart,  his  benevolent  and  exemplary 
zeal  for  the  welfare  of  mankind,  and  the 
striet  and  honourable  discharge  of  his 
yarious  duties.  The  votes  of  condolence 
on  hiA  loss  which  have  been  received  by 
his  widow  and  family  bear  the  highest 
tribute  of  respect  for  his  memory. 

A  very  good  likeness  of  Sir  C.  S.  Hun- 
tSTf  painted  by  S.  Drummond,  A.R.A. 
was  published  in  the  European  Magazine 
for  Sept.  1812. 

Majok-Gbn.  Sir  H.  L.  Bbthune,  Bart. 

Feb.  19.  At  Teheran,  in  Persia,  aged 
64,  Major-General  Sir  Henry  Lindesay- 
Bethune,  of  Kilconqnhar,  co.  Fife,  Bart. 
K.L.S.  a  General  in  the  service  of  the 
Shah  in  Persia. 

He  was  born  on  the  12th  April,  1787 » 
the  eldest  son  of  Major  Martin  Eccles 
landesay- Bethune,  Commissary-General 
in  North  Britain,  by  Margaret-Augusta, 
daughter  of  General  Tovey. 

He  was  appointed  a  cadet  on  the  Madras 
establishment  in  1804;  and  retired  from 
the  Hon.  Company's  service  as  a  Major- 
general,  Sept.  1,  1822.  Having  been  ad- 
vanced to  the  chief  command  of  the  army 
in  Persia,  he  was  promoted  to  the  locid 
rank  of  Major- General  in  H.M.  army  in 
Asia,  Dec.  21,  1835. 

The  Shah  conferred  upon  him  the  order 
of  the  Lion  and  Sun  of  the  first  class. 

He  was  created  a  Baronet  by  patent 
dated  7th  March,  1836. 

Sir  Henry  Bethune  was  an  extraordi- 
narily tall  man, — it  is  said  full  seven  feet 
il^  height:  and  he  therefore  merited,  in 
more  senses  than  one,  the  appellation  given 
him  by  the  Persians,  of  '*  the  great  £ng- 
Uah  soldier." 

He  married  in  1822,  Coutts,  daughter 
of  John  Trotter,  esq.  of  Dyrham  Park, 
Hertfordshire,  and  niece  to  Sir  Coutts 
Ti otter,  Bart. :  and  had  issue  three  sons 
and  five  daughters.  His  eldest  son,  now 
$ir  John  Trotter  Lindesay-Bethnne,  was 

Sm  in  1827,  and  is  a  Lieutenant  in  the 
st  regiment 


Major-Gxn.  Sir  William  Morisom. 

May  15.  In  Saville-row,  Muor-Gen. 
9ir  William  Morison,  K.C.B.,  M.P.  for 
Qlackmannan  and  Kinross,  F.R.S.  and 
FaR.A.S. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Jones  Mori* 
son,  esq.  of  Greenfield,  co.  Clackmannan. 
He  was  appointed  a  cadet  on  the  Madras 
establishment  in  1799.  From  his  outset 
hi  life  he  applied  his  faculties  to  military 
science,  in  which  his  attainments  were 
ittch  as  to  place  him  on  a  level  with  men 
of  celebrity  in  the  armies  of  Europe.  So 
early  as  1809  he  filled  the  office  of  secre- 


tary to  the  Military  Board,  or  Board  of 
Ordnance,  at  Madras.  He  had  already 
been  designated  by  Mr.  Petrie,  while  act- 
ing-governor of  that  presidency,  as  the 
most  competent  person  to  form  a  commis- 
sariat establishment,  then  new  to  India; 
and  in  the  end  of  1810  he  was  selected  for 
that  important  undertaking  by  Sir  George 
Barlow,  who  had  succeeded  to  the  govern- 
ment. His  intimate  acquaintance  with 
the  constitution  and  working  of  every 
branch  of  the  public  service,  as  well  as 
with  the  military  and  general  resources  of 
the  country,  enabled  him  to  introduce  a 
system  so  efficient  and  economical  in  the 
supply  of  provisions,  of  equipage,  and  of 
carriage  in  camp,  in  barrack,  and  in  hos- 
pital, as  to  stand  the  test  of  experience, 
not  only  in  peace,  but  in  warfare  on  the 
most  extensive  scale,  and  under  the  most 
trying  circumstances. 

In  addition  to  these  laborious  duties,  he 
undertook  the  superintendence  of  the  geo- 
graphical and  statistical  survey  of  the  Ma- 
dras territory  in  the  years  1811  and  1812, 
when  Colonel  Colin  Mackenzie,  the  Sur- 
veyor-General, had  proceeded  as  chief  en- 
gineer in  the  expedition  against  the  island 
of  Java.  In  this  occupation,  so  congenial 
to  his  taste  and  acquirements,  he  took 
much  delight,  and  acquitted  himself  greatly 
to  the  public  advantage. 

Colonel  Morison  was  in  the  field,  as 
Commissary-General,  throughout  the  mili- 
tary operations  of  the  Mahratta  war  in 
1817  and  1818,  and  was  present  at  the 
battle  of  Mahidpore,  in  which  he  had  an 
opportunity  of  exercising  his  talents  as  an 
artillery  officer. 

After  having  been  laboriously  employed 
for  fifteen  years  in  the  formation  and  di- 
rection of  the  Madras  commissariat,  he 
was  transferred  by  Sir  Thomas  Munro  to 
the  diplomatic  department  as  resident  at 
the  Court  of  Travancore.  He  was  subse- 
quently deputed  by  Lord  William  Ben- 
tinck,  the  Governor-General,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  Mr.  J.  M.  Macleod,  to  administer 
the  government  of  Mysore.  In  both  sta- 
tions he  manifested  the  same  capacity  for 
business  and  devoted  regard  for  the  inter- 
ests intrusted  to  him  as  had  marked  his 
previous  career. 

On  the  change  in  the  constitution  of  the 
Indian  Government,  which  took  place  in 
1834,  he  was  the  first  military  officer  se- 
lected fur  a  seat  in  the  Supreme  Council 
of  India.  He  filled  that  high  position  for 
five  years,  embracing  the  remainder  of 
Lord  William  Bentinck*s  administration, 
the  interregnum  of  Sir  Charles  Metcalfe, 
and  the  first  part  of  the  administration  of 
Lord  Auckland ;  and  he  enjoyed  the  entire 
confidence  of  those  three  eminent  men. 
During  Lord  Auckland's  protracted  i^ 


1851.]         Obituary. — Sir  William  Stephenson  Vlark. 


91 


pence' firom  the  seat  of  governmefit,  tlie 
MRI  mon  important  and  ekvated  offices 
^  mnesident  of  the  Council  of  India  and 
Idepaty  Governor  of  Bengal  devolved  upon 
Ma.  In  them  he  hore  his  fkcoltiea  to 
siMktj,  an4  at  tbe  same  time  with  so  mach 
f^rudence  and  jadgment,  as  to  gain  general 
Imrobation  and  good  will. 

lie  retnmed  to  England  in  1640,  after 
fcKtf  years  of  active  aervice  in  the  East, 
ind  soon  alter  attained  the  rank  of  Major- 
^eoM^l.  Impaired  health  now  restricted 
liie  CKertions  to  which  his  habits  and  the 
•fetivtty  of  his  mind  woold  otherwise  have 
prompted  him.  For  above  nine  years, 
however,  he  represented  his  native  county 
in  Farliament,  and  gave  a  steady  support 
to  the  Liberal  party.  He  found  amuse- 
ment in  the  study  of  physical  science ;  and, 
to  the  close  of  his  life»  took  a  lively  inter- 
est in  certain  improvements  in  gunnery 
and  small  arms  of  his  own  invention,  by 
whicb  he  believed  that  the  national  defence 
mMt  be  materially  promoted.  For  his 
mintary  services  he  had  in  1821  been  made 
a  Companion  of  the  Bath,  and  on  the  ex- 
tension of  that  order  the  dignity  of  a  Civil 
Knight  Commander  was  conferred  upon 
him  in  1848. 

Sir  Williinn  Morison's  disposition  was 
ramarkably  benevolent  and  sociable,  his 
heart  warm  and  kind,  and  he  has  left  many 
attached  friends  to  lament  his  loss. 


Sir  Wm.  Stephenson  Clark. 

May  3.  At  York,  in  his  70th  year, 
Sir  William  Stephenson  Clark,  Knt.  one 
of  the  magistrates  of  that  city. 

His  father,  William  Clark,  esq.  was  one 
of  the  sheriffs  of  York  in  1786,  and  his 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  Francis 
Stephenson,  esq. 

He  was  born  in  York,  in  August,  1782 ; 
received  the  rudiments  of  a  classical  edu- 
cation at  the  grammar  school,  under  the 
late  Rev.  I.  Grayson,  and  finished  his 
studies  under  the  late  Rev.  John  Graham. 
In  1798  he  was  placed  with  the  late  Alex- 
ander Mather,  esq.  of  York,  surgeon,  and 
in  1803  he  went  to  London  to  complete 
his  medical  studies.  Having  resided  three 
years  in  the  metropolis,  he  commenced  as 
a  general  practitioner  in  York  in  1 806 : 
and  during  a  period  of  forty-five  years  his 
consistent  conduct  and  courteous  demean- 
our gained  the  respect  of  his  contem- 
poraries ;  his  unremitting  attention  and 
kindness  to  his  patients  secured  their 
confidence  and  affection ;  and  the  extent 
and  respectability  of  his  practice  was  a 

Sroof  of  the  ability  and  success  with  which 
•  discharged  the  duties  of  his  profession. 
In  Oct.  1811,  he  married  Anne,  the  third 
danghtar  of  the  late  John  Andna,  esq.  of 


Selby,  who   survives   him,  with  a   large 
family. 

In  1809,  Mr.  Clark  was  elected  one  of 
the  city  chftmberlains  ;  and  in  1818  « 
member  of  the  common  council  for 
Micklegate  ward.  For  seven  yean  lie 
tealousty  and  independently  dischaiged 
tlie  duties  of  that  office  ;  and  was  elected 
to  the  office  of  city  sheriff  conjointly  with 
the  late  John  Wormald,  esq.  in  1820,  In 
the  mayoralty  of  the  late  EwA  of  Zetland. 
At  the  conclusion  of  his  shrievalty  he  be- 
came one  of  "  the  gentlemen  of  the 
twenty-four  '*  as  an  ex*  sheriff,  and  in 
right  thereof  he  was  a  member  of  the 
upper  house  in  the  corporation,  until  its 
dissolution  under  the  Municipal  Reform 
Act  in  1 835.  An  evidence  of  the  approvtl 
of  his  conduct  by  his  fellow-citizens  is 
afforded  by  the  fact  that  in  that  year,  un- 
der popular  election,  he  was  a  successful 
candidate  for  municipal  honours  and  was 
elected  a  councillor  for  Micklegate  ward, 
and  in  1836  he  was  re-elected  for  the  same 
ward.  He  remained  in  that  office  until 
1839,  when  he  was  chosen  an  alderman  of 
the  city,  and  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the 
council  he  was  elevated  to  the  civic  chair. 
During  his  mayoralty  he  was  sent  by  the 
corporation  to  London  to  present  an  ad- 
dress to  the  Queen  on  her  marriage,  and 
thereupon  he  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood. 

In  the  various  and  onerous  duties  of 
his  mayoralty  Sir  W.  S.  Clark  acted  with 
great  energy  and  ability ;  his  hospitality 
was  munificent,  and  he  left  nothing  un- 
done which  could  in  any  way  advance  the 
prosperity  of  the  city  over  whose  council 
he  presided.  At  the  conclusion  of  his 
term  of  office  he  received  the  unanimous 
thanks  of  the  corporate  body.  He  subse- 
quently continued  his  aldermanic  office, 
until  Uie  decline  of  his  health  in  1849 ; 
and  in  1842  he  received  the  honour  of  be- 
ing placed  in  the  commission  of  the  peace 
for  the  city,  and  diligently  applied  him- 
self to  the  duties  of  his  magisterial  office 
up  to  the  time  of  his  last  illness.  Hh 
was  also  a  trustee  of  the  city  charitiet. 
On  his  resignation  of  the  office  of  alder- 
man, the  city  council  unanimously  passed 
a  resolution  of  thanks  for  his  services, 
which  was  presented  to  him  engrossed  on 
vellum,  under  the  common  seal  of  the 
Council. 

Sir  W.  S.  Clark  was  very  decided  in 
his  political  opinions.  He  was  a  Con- 
servative of  the  old  school,  true  to  hfi 
party  under  all  changes  and  adversities, 
never  swerving  from  his  maturely-formed 
opinions,  and  ever  ready  on  the  hnsttngt 
or  elsewhere  to  uphold  and  defend  thoM 
principles  which  he  esteemed  essential  for 
the  nation's  honour,  for  the  defonce  of 


92 


OBiTUARY.^^MajoV'Gen,  Palmer.^^J.  Power,  Esq,      [July, 


the  Protestant  Church,  and  for  the  security 
of  the  Throne  and  Constitution.  The  re- 
ligious and  charitable  institutions  of  the 
city  received  his  liberal  support :  he  was 
ever  found  among  his  fellow-citizens  in 
plans  of  benevoleuce  and  mercy  ;  he  was 
one  of  the  earliest  members  and  sup- 
porters of  the  York  Church  Missionary 
Association  ;  and  a  vice-president  of  the 
York  Auxiliary  to  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society. 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  family 
vault  at  the  York  Cemetery,  attended  by 
his  three  sons,  his  brothers  G.  Clark,  esq. 
and  R.  Clark,  esq.  his  brother-in-law  J. 
Andos,  esq.  his  sons-in-law  D.  Smithson, 
esq.  P.  Allanson,  esq.  and  —  Bailey,  esq. 
and  by  a  numerous  company  of  friends, 
including  many  members  of  the  medical 
profession  and  of  the  city  corporation. 

Major-General  Palmer. 

April  17.  Aged  74,  Major-General 
Charles  Palmer,  late  M.P.  for  Bath. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  John  Palmer, 
esq.  formerly  one  of  the  members  for  the 
same  city,  who  originated  the  mail-coach 
system,  for  his  services  in  respect  to  which 
he  received  a  public  grant  of  50,000/.  and 
a  pension  of  3000/.  per  annum  for  life. 
The  subject  of  this  notice  was  born  at 
Weston,  near  Bath,  May  6,  1777.  He 
received  his  education  at  Eton,  and  at 
Christ  Church,  Oxford.  On  the  17th 
of  May,  1 796,  having  then  just  completed 
his  19th  year,  he  entered  the  army  as  a 
Comet  in  the  10th  or  Prince  of  Wales's 
Own  Hussars.  He  served  with  that  regi- 
ment during  the  whole  of  the  Peninsular 
war,  and  attained  the  rank  of  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  1810.  On  the  8th  of  Feb. 
1811,  he  was  appointed  Aide-de-Camp  to 
the  Prince  Regent.  He  became  Lieut. - 
Colonel  of  the  23rd  dragoons  Nov.  12, 
1814;  Colonel  by  brevet  June  4,  1814; 
and  a  Major-General  May  27, 1825;  which 
rank  was  stationary. 

General  Palmer  was  first  elected  member 
for  Bath,  on  the  Liberal  interest,  on  the 
resignation  of  his  father  in  Jan.  1 808.  He 
continued  to  represent  the  city  without  a 
contest  until  the  9th  of  June,  1826,  when 
he  was  opposed  by  Lord  Brecknock,  son 
of  the  Marquess  Camden,  Recorder  of  the 
dty,  and  he  lost  his  election .  The  electors 
were  then  limited  to  the  corporation,  and 
only  thirty  voted :  seventeen  votes  were 
recorded  for  Lord  John  Thynne,  sixteen 
for  the  Earl  of  Brecknock,  and  twelve  for 
General  Palmer.  In  Feb.  1828,  Lord 
Brecknock  was  appointed  a  Lord  Com- 
missioner of  the  Admiralty  and  re-elected; 
but  in  Feb.  1829,  on  his  lordship  receiv- 
ing  a  second  appointment  to  the  same 
pott,  Major-General  Pftlmer  oppoied  him. 


Twenty-six  votes  were  given,  and  they 
were  equally  divided.  A  double  return 
was  made,  and  another  election  was  the 
consequence.  At  this,  which  took  place 
on  the  11th  March,  one  elector  was  in- 
duced to  alter  his  mind,  and  Lord  Breck- 
nock was  chosen  by  14  votes  to  13.  In 
1830,  however,  his  Lordship  retired  ;  and 
at  that  election,  and  in  1831 — the  last 
which  took  place  under  the  old  regime — 
Lord  John  Thynne  and  General  Palmer 
were  returned  without  opposition .  At  the 
first  election  under  the  operation  of  the 
Reform  Act,  Dec.  16,  1832,  General  Pal- 
mer was  returned  by  a  large  majority,  the 
poll  terminating  as  follows  :— 

Major-General  Palmer  .  .  1492 
John  A.  Roebuck,  esq.  .  .  1138 
H.  W.  Hobhouse,  esq.       .     .     1040 

In  1835  he  stood  successfully  another 
contest — 

Major-General  Palmer  .  .  1097 
John  A.  Roebuck,  esq.  .  .  1042 
Colonel  H.  Daubeney  .     .     .       706 

At  the  election  of  1837,  General  Pal- 
mer and  Mr.  Roebuck  were  defeated  by 
the  Conservative  candidates,  the  late  Lord 
Viscount  Powerscourt,  and  W.  H.  L. 
Bruges,  esq.  On  this  occasion  many  of 
General  Palmer's  former  friends  declined 
to  vote  for  him,  in  consequence  of  his  having 
entered  into  an  avowed  coalition  with  Mr. 
Roebuck.     The  result  of  the  poll  was 

Lord  Powerscourt  ....  1087 

W.  U.  L.  Bruges,  esq.      .     .  1024 

Major-Gen.  Palmer       .     .     .  962 

John  A.  Roebuck,  esq.      .     .  910 

General  Palmer  became  proprietor  of 
the  Bath  Theatre  on  the  death  of  his 
father,  and  continued  to  be  so  up  to  a 
comparatively  recent  period.  He  was  also, 
for  some  time,  a  grower  of  claret  on  es- 
tates which  he  held  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Bordeanx. 


John  Power,  Esq. 

May  11.  Aged  35,  John  Power,  esq.  of 
Gurteen,  co.  Waterford,  a  justice  of  the 
peace  for  that  county. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Edmund 
Power,  esq.  of  Gurteen,  by  Anastasia, 
daughter  of  John  Lalor,  esq.  of  Cranagh, 
CO.  Tipperary.  His  mother  became,  in 
1830,  the  second  wife  of  the  Right  Hon. 
Richard  Lalor  Shell  (the  subject  of  a  pre- 
vious memoir  in  our  present  Obituary), 
and  is  still  living. 

Mr.  Power  was  elected  to  Parliament  for 
Dungarvon,  on  a  vacancy  which  occurred 
in  Feb.  1837,  defeating  Mr.  John  Mat- 
thew  Gal  way  by  283  to  164.  At  the  gene- 
ral  election  in  the  same  year  he  was  re- 
turned without  opposition  as  one  of  the 


1851.]        Michael  Blandy  Esq.^^H,  B.  Sawbridgey  Esq. 


93 


members  for  the  county  of  Waterford. 
He  resigned  his  seat  in  August  1840. 

Mr.  Power  died  by  his  own  hand.  On 
retiring  to  his  bed-room,  he  took  a  duelling 
pistol,  and  placing  the  muzzle  to  his  head, 
fired,  and  instant  death  was  the  result. 
He  was  of  too  confiding  a  nature,  and 
much  of  the  immense  funded  and  landed 
property  of  which  he  became  the  possessor 
when  he  arrived  at  age  is  now  in  some 
degree  embarrassed ;  but  he  has  left  a 
fine  property  of  9,000/.  a  year,  of  which 
3,000/.  a  year  is  out  of  settlement,  and 
which  will  pay  his  engagements.  It  is 
ascertained  that  the  cause  of  suicide  was 
the  receipt  of  a  solicitor's  letter  announcing 
prompt  proceedings  against  him  as  security 
for  10,000/.  for  a  receiver,  whose  debts, 
however,  did  not  exceed  2,000/.  Mr. 
Power  had  insured  his  life  for  5,000/., 
which  he  assigned  for  a  valuable  conside- 
ration some  years  ago  to  a  bank,  and  which 
will  be  paid  by  the  Royal  Exchange  In- 
surance Company  within  three  months. 
His  widow  has  1,000/.  a  year  marriage 
settlement. 

Mr.  Power  was  universally  esteemed  us 
an  excellent  landlord,  and  an  amiable 
man.  He  married  in  April  1840  Frances, 
younger  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  John 
Power,  Bart,  of  Kilfane,  co.  Tipperary ; 
who  survives  him,  with  seven  children. 


the  brewery  under  the  firm  of  Whitbread 
and  Co. ;  and  resided  in  Montague-place, 
Russell-square.  He  was  a  fellow  towns- 
man and  intimate  friend  of  the  respected 
Thomas  Amyot,  esq.  the  late  Treasurer  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries ;  and  Mr.  Bland 
was  at  one  time  Treasurer  of  the  Anti- 
quaries^ Club;  and  also  an  active  member 
of  the  Committee  of  the  Literary  Fund. 

A  few  years  since  Mr.  Bland  had  re- 
tired from  London  to  St.  Leonard's,  near 
Hastings  ;  but  in  consequence  of  the  loss 
of  his  lady  he  removed  to  the  metropolis. 

Mr.  Bland  married,  July  15,  1800, 
Sophia,  youngest  dau.  of  George  Maltby, 
esq.  of  Norwich,  and  sister  of  the  learned 
Bishop  of  Durham.  By  that  lady  he  had 
eight  children.  He  had  the  misfortune  to 
lose  his  eldest  son  Thomas  in  1825,  in  his 
23d  ye^ir.  His  second  son,  the  Rev. 
George  Bland,  M.A.  is  the  present  Arch- 
deacon of  Lindisfarne,  in  the  diocese  of 
Durham. 


Michael  Bland,  Esq.  F.R.S.  F.S.A. 

April  19.  In  Cambridge  Terrace,  Hyde 
Park,  aged  74,  Michael  Bland,  esq.  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  of  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries,  and  of  the  Linnsean, 
Horticultural,  and  Geological  Societies. 

This  formerly  well-known  member  of 
the  scientific  circles  of  the  metropolis  was 
the  only  child  of  Mr.  Thomas  Bland,  of 
Norwich,  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends,  and  a  partner  in  the  well-known 
mercantile  establishment  under  the  firm 
of  Gumeys  and  Bland.  He  was  a  very 
frequent  correspondent  of  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  under  the  signature  of  "  A 
Friend  to  Accuracy.*'  Of  this  gentle- 
man, who  died  Aug.  28, 1818,  a  memoir* 
will  be  found  in  our  volume  for  that  year, 
part  ii.  p.  282.  He  married  Sarah,  widow 
of  Mr.  Samuel  Gumey,  and  daughter  of 
Mr.  Francis  Lawrence,  of  the  same  city, 
woolcomber.     She  died  in  1800. 

Mr.  Michael  Bland  was  for  many  years 
one  of  the  partners  in  the  management  of 

*  See  also  the  "  Collections  for  a  His- 
tory of  the  Ancient  Family  of  Bland,"  by 
the  late  Nicholas  Carlisle,  esq.  Secretary 
of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  4to.  1825, 
p.  18.  This  work  was  privately  printed 
at  the  expense  of  the  gentleman  now 
deceaiod. 


Henry  Barne  Sawbridoe,  Esq. 

April  28.  At  East  Haddon  hall,  North- 
amptonshire, aged  72,  Henry  Barne  Saw- 
bridge,  esq.  LL.B.  barrister-at-law,  9  ma- 
gistrate and  deputy  lieutenant  of  that 
county. 

He  was  bom  at  Sotterley  in  Suffolk,  on 
the  6th  Sept.  1778,  the  only  son  of  Wil- 
liam Sawbridge,  esq.  of  East  Haddon,  by 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Miles  Barne, 
esq.  of  Sotterley,  M.P.  for  Dunwich. 

He  was  educated  at  Westminster,  and 
at  Trinity  hall,  Cambridge,  where  he  took 
the  degree  of  LL.B.  in  1801.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  by  the  hon.  Society  of  the 
Inner  Temple,  June  25,  1803,  and  went 
the  Midland  circuit.  He  was  for  many 
years  Recorder  of  Daventry,  having  been 
elected  to  that  office  on  the  4th  of  July, 
1803,  and  resigned  it  on  the  13th  Jan.  1821. 
He  took  an  active  part  in  the  business  of 
the  county,  and  occupied  for  some  years 
the  office  of  vice-chairman  of  the  quarter 
sessions,  which  he  resigned  from  failing 
health  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  year. 

He  married,  June  20, 1836,  Grace-Julia, 
widow  of  Thomas  Christopher  Glyn,  esq. 
(third  son  of  Sir  Richard  Can*  Glyn, 
Bart.)  and  the  youngest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Charles  Bigge,  esq.  of  Benton 
House,  Northumberland. 


W.  J.  Bagsuawe,  Esq. 

June  1 .  At  his  residence,  The  Oaks,  near 
Sheffield,  aged  58,  William  John  Bag- 
shawe,  esq.  of  that  place  and  Wormhill 
Hall,  both  in  co.  Derby,  M.A.  a  barrister- 
at-law,  a  deputy-lieutenant  and  magistrate 
for  Derbyshire,  and  a  magistrate  for  the 
West  Riding  of  Yorkshire. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  William  Cham- 


94         W.  J.  Bag9kawey  Esq. — Mrs,  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley.      [July, 

bers  DarKng,  M.D.  who  assumed  the  name 
of  Bagshawe  in  1801,  and  was  knighted 
when  sheriff  of  Derbyshire  in  1806,  by 
Helen,  second  daughter  of  Nathaniel  Rid- 
fnrd,  esq.  of  Gainsborough.  Sir  William 
Chambers  Bagshawe  died  in  1832. 

Mr.  Bagshawe  was  a  member  of  Trinity 
college,  Cambridge ;  where  he  graduated 
B.A.  1815,  M.A.  1818.  He  was  caUed 
to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  the 
Middle  Temple,  Feb.  8,  1832.  He  has 
fm*  many  years  past  been  one  of  the  most 
active  magistrates  of  his  district,  and  has 
also  filled  the  office  of  chairman  to  the 
Ecclesall  board  of  guardians  ever  since  it 
was  constituted.  To  him  belongs  the  ho- 
nour of  having  been  the  founder,  patron, 
and  a  liberal  supporter  of  the  Norton 
Agricultural  Socie^.  The  untiring  energy 
with  which  he  has  devoted  himself  to  the 
work  of  the  public  has  entirely  won  the 
esteem  of  the  neighbourhood,  and  will  be 
long  remembered  as  doing  him  honour. 

He  married,  Oct.  12,  1822,  Sarah,  third 
daughter  of  William  Partridge,  esq.  of 
Bishop's  Wood,  co.  Hereford ;  and  had 
issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters. 

His  body  was  interred  in  Norton  church, 
attended  by  several  of  his  brother  magis- 
trates. 


Mrs.  Pbrct  Bysshe  Shelley. 

Feb.  1.  At  her  residence,  24,  Chester- 
square,  London,  aged  53,  Mary  WoUstone- 
craft,  widow  of  Percy  Bysshe  Shelley,  esq. 
and  mother  of  Sir  Percy  Shelley,  Bart,  of 
Maresfield  Place,  Sussex. 

Mrs.  Shelley  was  the  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Godwin  the  historian  and  Mary 
Wollstonecraft,  the  author  of  A  Vindication 
of  the  Rights  of  Woman. 

She  became  the  second  wife*  of  the  poet 
Shelley  in  1818,  shortly  after  which  they 
went  to  reside  at  Great  Marlow,  in  Buck- 
inghamshire. They  subsequently  left  Eng- 
land for  Italy,  where  in  July,  1822,  the 
poet,  while  crossing  the  Gulf  of  Lorici, 
with  his  friend  Edward  Elleker  Williams, 
in  a  little  pleasure  boat,  was  overtaken  by 
one  of  those  tremendous  squalls  common 
in  the  Mediterranean,  and  both  were 
drowned. 

**  If  it  be  agreed  that  the  life  of  the 
author  of  The  Revolt  of  Islam  cannot 
as  yet  be  fiiUy  written,  it  follows  that  the 
same  reserve  should  be  maintained  with 
regard  to  the  early  days  of  her  to  whom 
the  exquisite  dedication  of  that  poem  is 

*  Shelley's  first  wife  was  Harriet  West- 
broke,  the  daughter  of  a  retired  coffee- 
house-keeper. With  this  lady  he  lived 
very  unhappily,  and,  after  bearing  him  two 
children,  she  died  by  her  own  hand  in 
18U. 


addressed.  Those  who  know,  as  all  must 
who  read  them,  that  these  beautiful 
stanzas  were  the  utterances  of  a  real  af- 
fection and  the  confidences  of  a  real  com- 
panionship, will  readily  understand  to 
what  heights  the  f;enius  of  a  young  and 
gifted  woman  could  be  winged  and  nerved 
by  the  persuasions  of  such  a  spirit  as 
Shelley^s,  and  under  the  influences  of  fo- 
reign travel.  Her  first  work — written 
during  her  residence  abroad,  and  the  only 
one,  we  believe,  referable  to  the  period 
of  her  married  life — was  Frankenstein  ; 
which  scared  and  startled  the  world  by  its 
preternatural  power,  promising  further  in- 
spirations of  a  wild  originality  unknown 
in  English  fiction.  Measured  against  that 
romance,  the  most  breathless  terrors  of 
Mrs.  Radcliffe,  or  of  the  more  coarsely 
horrible  Maturin,  are  tame  and  real.  That 
Mrs.  Shelley  would  never  equal  her  first 
effort  in  poetical  fiction,  might  have  been 
foreseen  at  the  moment  of  the  tragedy  of 
her  husband's  frightful  death — one  of 
those  visitations  the  traces  of  which  are 
never  to  be  effaced,  and  which  bereared 
the  survivor  of  guidance,  companionship, 
and  incitement  to  emulation  for  ever. 

**  In  spite  of  such  a  death-blow,  never- 
theless, the  widow  of  Shelley,  being  left 
with  the  care  of  her  two  very  young  chfl- 
dren,  during  many  years  devoted  herself 
to  literary  labour;  producing,  at  inter- 
vals, Valperga,  The  Last  Man,  Lodore, 
and  another  novel  or  two— biographies 
of  foreign  artists  and  men  of  letters  (for 
the  Cabinet  Cyclopaedia) — editing  and  ar- 
ranging the  poems  and  posthumous  frag- 
ments of  her  husband — and  lastly,  giving 
to  the  world  her  Italian  and  German 
Journals  (Rambles  in  Germany  and  Italy 
in  1840,  1842,  and  1843,  two  vols.  8vo. 
1844),  of  which  the  Italian  part  is  as 
charming  as  the  German  portion  is  unsa- 
tisfactory. All  Mrs.  Shelley *s  writings 
have  a  singular  elegance  of  tone — but  all 
of  them  a  pervading  melancholy.  Her 
tales  of  the  world  we  live  in  are  unreal  in 
the  excess  of  their  sadness ;  while  in  her 
more  romantic  creations  (such  as  The 
Last  Man),  with  all  their  beauty,  there 
is  blended  a  certain  languor  which  becomes 
oppressive.  Hence,  most  of  her  works  of 
imagination  are  unfairly  neglected,  the 
last-mentioned  romance  especially.  Whe- 
ther, however,  such  neglect  shall  be  re- 
versed on  a  future  day  or  not,  her  *  Frank- 
enstein will  always  keep  for  her  a  peculiar 
place  among  the  gifted  women  of  England." 
— Aihenaum, 

Several  original  letters  of  Mrs.  Shelley 
and  her  husband  have  been  recently  sold 
by  auction  (in  May)  at  Messrs.  Sotbeby 
and  Wilkinson's. 

Mrs.  SheUey's  elder  son,  WiUlMB,  diid 


185L]     Rev.  W.  M.  Kinsey,  B.D,—CapU  Charles  Gray,  RJd.     9^ 

ill  childhood;  tlie  survivor  is  the  pre- 
lent  Sir  Percy  Florence  SheUey,  Bart  who 
•aeceeded  his  grandfather,  Sir  Timothy 
Shelley,  in  that  title  in  1844. 


R^v.  W.  M.  KiNSEY,  B.D. 

Jpriie.  Aged  62,  the  Rev.  WilUam 
Morgan  Kinsey,  B.D.,  Rector  of  Rother- 
field  Grey's,  Oxfordshire. 

Mr.  Kinsey  was  the  son  of  Rohert  Mor- 
gan Kinsey,  esq.  a  solicitor  and  banker  at 
Abergavenny,  where  Mr.  Kiosey  was  born; 
his  mother  was  sister  of  the  late  Sir  James 
Hariogtoo,  Bart.  In  1806  he  entered  the 
University  of  Oxford,  and  was  shortly 
after  chosen  a  scholar  of  Trinity  College, 
of  which  Society  he  became  a  fellow  in 
IS15.  He  graduated  B.A.  1809,  M.A. 
1813,  and  served  the  office  of  proctor  in 
1821 ;  after  which,  in  1822,  he  proceeded 
to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  in  Divinity. 

In  1827  Mr.  Kinsey  made  a  tour  in 
FortBgal.  The  letters  which  he  addressed 
to  his  friend  Mr.  Thomas  Haynes  Bayly 
daring  this  period,  he  afterwards  amplified 
from  his  journal  and  from  the  works  of 
previous  authors  on  that  country:  until  at 
length  they  formed  a  very  comprehensive 
review  or  its  past  history  and  actual  state. 
This  work  was  published  in  1828,  under 
the  title  of  Portugal  Illustrated,  and  was 
highly  embellished  with  engravings  by 
^Eelton,  Cooke,  &c.  in  royal  octavo.  A 
second  edition,  somewhat  enlarged,  ap- 
peared in  1829.  This  was  dedicated  to 
Lord  Auckland,  to  whom  Mr.  Kinsey  was 
then  chaplain.  There  is  a  notice  of  this 
work  in  our  Magazine  for  May,  1829. 

In  1830  Mr.  Kinsey  was  travelling  in 
Belgium  with  Lord  Alford  the  son  of  Earl 
Brownlow,  and  happened  to  be  in  Brussels 
during  the  revolution.  Some  description 
which  he  gave  of  the  "  atrocities  of  the 
Dutch  troops''  upon  that  occasion  was 
interpreted  against  him  as  if  he  had  taken 
an  active  part  in  the  insurrection,  and  he 
defended  himself  in  a  letter  addressed  to 
the  Hon.  Arthur  Trevor,  M.P.  dated  Lon- 
4on  Oct.  20,  which  was  printed  in  the 
Times  newspaper. 

Mr.  Kinsey  was  subsequently  for  ten 
y^rs  one  of  the  ministers  of  St.  John's 
olMirch,  Cheltenham,  where  he  was  highly 
HAteemed;  and  on  quitting  that  cure  in 
Jan.  1842  was  presented  with  a  piece  of 
plate  by  the  congregation.  He  published 
"  The  Jubilee  of  the  Bible  ;  or  Third  Cen- 
tenary of  Coverdale's  Translation  of  the 
whole  Bible  into  English:  a  Sermon 
preached  in  St.  John's  church,  Chelten- 
liam,4  Oct.  1823." 

In  1843  he  succeeded  the  late  Mr. 
Roberts  in  the  rectory  of  Rotherfield 
Grey's,  where  he  chiefly  resided  to  the 
time  of  hii  death,  having  been  latterly  en- 


tirely confined  to  his  bed  by  a  disease  in 
the  foot  and  leg.  No  man  could  have  been 
more  patient  and  at  the  same  time  more 
courageous,  for  his  cheerfulness  and  good 
spirits  never  forsook  him,  although  his 
sufferings  were  intense;  and  in  the  end  he 
submitted  to  amputation,  which  at  first  it 
was  hoped  would  relieve  him  ;  but  he  sank 
at  the  end  of  a  few  weeks.  He  is  suc- 
ceeded in  his  rectory  by  the  Rev.  James 
Smith,  B.D.  for  many  years  a  senior  fel- 
low and  the  bursar  of  Trinity  College. 

In  Jan.  1848  Mr.  Kinsey  communicated 
to  this  magazine  an  interesting  paper  con- 
taining **  Random  Recollections  of  a  Viqit 
to  Walton  Hall,  the  seat  of  Charles  Water- 
ton,  esq."  and  he  was  the  author  of  more 
than  one  pamphlet  on  subjects  of  the  day. 

Capt.  Charles  Gray,  R.M. 

April  13.  At  Glasgow,  in  his  69th  year, 
Capt.  Charles  Gray,  R.M. 

This  gentleman  was  well  known  in 
Edinburgh  and  throughout  many  parts  of 
Scotland  for  his  extended  knowledge  of 
Scotish  song,  his  enthusiasm  for  every- 
thing connected  with  it,  and  his  tasteful, 
genial,  spirited  contributions  to  it. 

He  was  bom  in  Anstruther,  the  birth- 
place of  several  celebrated  men,  with  two 
of  whom — the  Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers  and 
Professor  Tennent,  the  well-known  author 
of  ••  Anster  Fair" — he  was  long  on  terms 
of  intimacy.  The  latter  was  one  of  hia 
most  intimate  and  dearest  friends,  sym- 
pathising with  him  in  his  love  for  the 
music  of  '^he  Scotish  lyre,  and  corre- 
sponding with  him  in  terras  of  the  warmest 
friendship.  In  early  life  Captain  Gray 
entered  the  marine  service,  and  after  con- 
tinuing in  it  for  between  thirty  and  forty 
years,  retired  on  full  pay  to  enjoy  a  life  of 
leisure,  rendered  pleasant  to  himself  and 
profitable  to  others  by  literary  pursuits, 
in  the  particular  walk  to  which  his  tastea 
led  him.  Many  years  ago  he  published 
a  volume  of  Scotish  songs,  and  more  re- 
cently another,  in  which  the  best  produc- 
tions of  his  pen  were  included.  As  a  song 
writer,  he  will  be  remembered  for  not  i^ 
few  simple  and  genial  lays,  some  of  which 
have  been  published  in  "  Wood's  Book  of 
Scotish  Song,"  a  work  to  which  he  coui 
tributed  much  useful  information,  from 
his  extensive  knowledge  of  songs  and  song 
writers.  His  taste  in  this  particular  na- 
turally led  him  to  entertain  an  enthusias- 
tic admiration  for  the  works  of  Burns, 
with  whose  authentic  history  he  was  more 
familiar,  through  a  friendly  intercourse 
with  his  family,  than  some  of  the  poet^fl 
biographers.  The  genius  of  Burns  wai 
to  him  a  never-failing  topic  of  interest ; 
and  to  add  some  tribute  to  his  memory 
was  among  his  heartiest  endeavours.    A 


96 


Obituary. — Mr.  Dowton, 


[July, 


few  years  ago  he  contributed  to  a  Glasgow 
newspaper  a  series  of  vigorous  and  taste- 
ful papers  on  the  songs  of  Bums,  and  a 
critical  examination  of  the  various  biogra- 
phies of  the  poet  occupied  him  during  the 
illness  which  terminated  in  his  death. 
While  his  tastes  and  acquirements  led 
him  into  the  society  of  some  of  his  best- 
known  contemporaries,  his  amiable  and 
upright  character,  and  his  great  warmth 
of  heart,  endeared  him  to  all  with  whom 
he  came  in  contact.  His  counsel  and  as- 
sistance were  ever  readily  tendered  to 
those  who  craved  them,  and  his  friendship 
was  at  once  open-hearted  and  open- 
handed. — Glasgow  Daily  Math 

Mr.  Dowton. 

April  19.  At  Brighton-terrace,  Brix- 
ton, in  his  88th  year,  the  veteran  come- 
dian William  Dowton. 

Mr.  Dowton  was  the  son  of  a  respect- 
able innkeeper  at  Exeter,  where  he  was 
born  on  the  25th  April,  1764.  He  was 
sent  at  an  early  age  to  one  of  the  best 
schools  in  the  neighbourhood,  and  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  was  articled  to  an  architect. 
During  his  apprenticeship  he  occasionally 
performed  at  a  private  theatre  in  Exeter. 
The  applause  which  his  juvenile  efforts 
obtained  increased  his  predilections  for  the 
stage,  while  the  duties  of  his  master's 
office  became  proportionably  irksome  to 
him.  Before  he  had  completed  one  year 
of  his  apprenticeship  his  resolution  was 
taken,  and,  bidding  adieu  to  plans  and  ele- 
vations, he  joined  a  company  of  strollers 
at  Ashburton,  where  he  made  his  debut  in 
the  character  of  Carlos,  in  The  Revenge. 

In  this  situation  he  continued  a  consi- 
derable time,  suffering  the  usual  priva- 
tions attendant  on  a  stroller's  life.  Being 
however  nearly  starved,  reason  suggested 
to  him  the  propriety  of  seeking  the  pa- 
ternal roof,  where  he  was  affectionately 
received.  The  mania  for  acting,  how- 
ever,  speedily  resumed  its  influence.  After 
much  experience  with  misfortune  young 
Dowton  was  engaged  with  Hughes,  the 
manager  of  the  Weymouth  theatre.  From 
this  place  he  returned  to  his  native  town, 
where  he  performed  juvenile  parts  in  tra- 
gedy ;  he  afterwards  joined  Mrs.  Baker's 
company  in  Kent,  and  married  her  daugh- 
ter, by  whom  he  had  a  family.  One  of 
his  sons  was  for  many  years  manager  of 
that  theatre. 

When  his  increasing  reputation  reached 
the  ears  of  the  London  managers,  he  re- 
ceived offers  from  Mr.  Colman  and  Mr. 
Harris  to  join  their  respective  corps,  and 
cither  of  these  offers  would  have  been  ac- 
cepted by  him  but  for  his  ambition  to 
make  his  first  appearance  at  Drury  Lane. 
Having  heard  that  Elliston  had  drawn 
12 


great  houses  by  his  performance  of  the 
character  of  Sheva  in  Cumberland's  co- 
medy of  The  Jew,  he  wrote  to  Wrough- 
ton,  at  that  time  acting  manager  at  Drury, 
expressing  a  wish  to  perform  that  part  in 
London.  His  request  was  backed  by  the 
recommendation  of  Cumberland.  An  en- 
gagement was  entered  into,  and  he  made 
his  metropolitan  debut  in  the  character  of 
Sheva  in  the  season  of  1794,  with  much 
success.  No  man  on  the  stage  was  more 
versatile  at  this  period  of  his  career  than 
Dowton ;  he  was  the  able  successor  to 
King  in  many  of  his  principal  parts,  which 
he  long  retained.  His  personation  of  Sir 
Hugh  Evans,  in  The  Merry  Wives  of 
Windsor,  was  superlatively  great;  no  actor 
ever  succeeded  like  him  in  giving  it  that  pe- 
culiar spirit  and  richness  of  colouring  that 
rendered  it  so  delightfully  whimsical.  As 
a  contrast  to  this  character  we  find  him  as 
a  representative  of  Hardcastle,  in  Gold- 
smith's comedy  of  She  Stoops  to  Con- 
quer, and  of  Clod,  in  The  Young  Quaker, 
a  favourite  part  of  Edwin's.  Dowton 
was  at  one  time  considered  the  best  repre- 
sentative of  the  fantastic  Malvolio  that 
the  stage  possessed ;  Rupert,  in  the  Jea- 
lous Wife  ;  Sir  Anthony  Absolute,  in  The 
Rivals  ;  Major  Sturgeon,  in  The  Mayor  of 
Garrett ;  and  Governor  Heartall,  in  The 
Soldier's  Daughter,  were  also  characters 
in  which  he  shone.  His  Dr.  Cantwell, 
in  The  Hypocrite,  was  universally  ac 
knowledged  to  be  inimitable.  He  con- 
tinued at  Drury  Lane  for  many  years, 
playing  at  the  Haymarket  in  the  summer. 
At  one  of  his  benefits  at  the  latter  house, 
(on  the  15th  Aug.  1805,)  he  revived  the 
burlesque  of  The  Tailors,  at  which  the 
fraternity  took  umbrage,  and  created  a 
memorable  riot  in  the  house  during  the 
performance.  In  1816  he  played  Shylock 
at  Drury  Lane ;  but,  although  his  con- 
ception of  the  character  was  admirable, 
the  town,  long  used  to  his  comic  persona- 
tions, did  not  greet  him  very  cordially 
in  it. 

Dowton  visited  America,  but  at  too  late 
a  period  of  his  life  to  make  any  very 
strong  impresion  upon  Brother  Jonathan. 
His  acting,  indeed,  was  seldom  liked  at 
first.  It  required  an  acquaintance  with 
his  peculiarities  before  the  raciness  of  his 
humour  could  be  relished  ;  for  this  cause 
it  had  become  a  sort  of  dramatic  adage 
that  Dowton  never  drew  a  shilling  in  the 
provinces.  On  one  occasion  he  actually 
played  Doctor  Pangloss,  at  Faversham,  to 
a  single  auditor ;  at  another  time  be 
began  John  Bull  at  the  third  act,  nobody 
having  come  till  eight  o'clock.  On  a 
third  he  acted  Shylock,  in  Rochester,  to 
a  seven -shilling  house. 

Dowton  had  unwisely  neglected  the  ad- 


1851.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


97 


TanUges  offeied  by  Che  Theatrical  Fond 
antil  be  was  too  old  to  become  a  member, 
and  ia  hit  **  sere  and  yellow  leaf'*  he 
began  to  lack  the  means  to  smooth  his 
progress  down  the  vale  of  life.  It  was 
when  his  prospects  were  gradually  becom- 
ing darker  that  a  benevoleat  project  was 
set  on  foot  to  give  him  a  benefit  at  Her 
Majesty's  Theatre,  on  the  8th  of  Jane, 
1840.  His  professioDal  brethren  and  sis- 
ters lent  their  gratuitous  assistance  on  the 
occasion,  and  Colman's  comedy  of  The 
Poor  Grentleman  was  played  with  an  ex- 
celleot  cast.  At  the  conclusion  of  the 
play  an  address  was  spoken,  written  by 
Sheridan  Knowles.  The  subscriptions 
aud  donations  realised  a  considerable  sum, 
with  which  an  annuity  was  purchased, 
that  served  to  render  easy  and  comfortable 
the  declining  days  of  one  of  the  most  na- 
tural actors  that  England  ever  possessed. 
He  was  peculiarly  fortunate,  too,  in  the 
possession  of  good  health,  which,  notwith- 
standing his  adfanced  age,  he  enjoyed 
with  little  interruption  until  within  a  few 
days  of  his  decease. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Dec.  21.  Aged  74,  the  Rev.  Edward 
Ren6  Payne,  Rector  of  Hepworth  (1819), 
Suffolk.  He  was  formerly  Fellow  of 
King's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1802, 
31. A.  1805,  and  was  presented  to  Hep- 
worth  by  that  society  in  1819. 

Dec.  ...  At  Morpeth,  New  South 
Wales,  whither  he  had  gone  to  aid  the 
Bishop  of  Newcastle,  the  Rev.  Henry 
SwoHt  fourth  son  of  Thomas  Swan,  esq. 
of  Morpeth,  Northumberland.  He  was  of 
St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1845. 

May  7.  At  Gothenburg,  Sweden,  aged 
36,  the  Rev.  John  Henry  Scoii,  British 
Chaplain  at  that  place. 

May  12.  Aged  61,  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
John  Evelyn  Hoecawen,  Rector  of  Wotton, 
Surrey,  and  Vicar  of  Ticehurst,  Sussex, 
and  a  Prebendary  of  Canterbury  ;  uncle 
and  heir  presumptive  to  the  Earl  of 
Falmouth.  He  was  the  younger  son  of 
G^rge- Evelyn  the  third  Viscount,  by  Eli- 
sabeth-Anne, only  daughter  and  heir  of 
John  Crewe,  esq.  of  Bolesworth  Castle,  co. 
Chester.  He  was  first  of  Christ  church, 
Oxford,  B.A.  1811,  and  afterwards  of  All 
Souls,  M.A.  1818.  He  was  presented  to 
Wotton  in  1818  by  W.J.  Evelyn,  esq.  and  to 
Ticehurst  in  1833  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  Canterbury.  He  married  in  1814 
Catharine-Elizabeth,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  late  Arthur  Annesley,  esq.  and  sister 
to  Viscount  Valentia  ;  and  had  issue  three 
tons  and  seven  daughters.  His  eldest  son, 
Evelyn  Boscawen,  esq.  married  in  1845 
the  present  Baroness  le  Despencer»  and 

Gamt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


has  issue.  The  second  son  is  the  Rer. 
John  Townshend  Boscawen,  Rector  of 
Lamorran,  Cornwall.  The  eldest  daughter* 
Charlotte,  is  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  George 
Brydges  Moore,  Rector  of  Tunstall  in 
Kent ;  Frances,  the  second,  was  married 
in  1850  to  Arthur  Edward  Somerset,  esq. 
second  son  of  the  late  Lord  Arthur  Somer- 
set ;  and  Catharine,  the  third,  is  married 
to  the  Rev.  Lewis  Francis  Bagot,  Rector 
of  Leigh.  CO.  Stafford,  fourth  son  of  the 
Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells. 

At  the  rectory.  East  Mersea,  Essex, 
aged  8?,  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Foreter,  Vicar 
of  West  Mersea  (1797).  He  had  also 
been  Curate  of  East  Mersea  for  nearly 
half  a  century,  when  the  parishioners 
presented  to  him  a  silver  snuff-box  in 
1836.  He  was  of  Worcester  college,  Ox- 
ford, B.A.  1791. 

May  14.  At  Elgin,  aged  85,  the  Rev. 
John  Buchan. 

May  16.  The  Rev.  W.  P.  Blair,  B.A. 
of  School  Cottage,  Bradshaw,  near  liolton. 

May  17.  Aged  77,  the  Rev.  John 
Palmer,  Rector  of  Peldon,  Essex.  He 
was  of  Trinity  college.  Cambridge,  B.A. 
1795,  M.A,  1798,  and  was  presented  to  his 
living  in  1817  by  Earl  Waldegrave. 

In  his  77th  year,  the  Rev.  Chrietopher 
Slannard,  B.D.  Rector  of  Great  Snoring, 
with  Thursford,  Norfolk.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  the  grammar-school  of  Norwich 
under  Dr.  Forster,  and  was  one  of  the 
most  favoured  pupils  of  that  distinguished 
scholar.  Having  proceeded  to  St.  John*s 
college,  Cambridge,  he  took  his  B.A. 
degree  in  1799  as  6th  Senior  Optime,  and 
by  his  superior  classical  attainments  he 
had  raised  well-grounded  expectations  of 
bearing  off  one  of  the  Chancellor's  gold 
medals,  but  was  prevented  passing  the 
necessary  examinations  by  a  rupture  of  a 
blood-vessel  on  the  lungs,  which  laid  the 
foundation  of  a  very  delicate  state  of 
health  through  his  long  life.  He  pro* 
ceeded  M.A.  in  1802,  B.D.  1809;  ww 
elected  Fellow  of  his  college,  and  was 
presented  by  that  society  to  his  living  in 
1831.  He  married  in  the  same  year  Mist 
Maria  Ballard,  of  Norwich. 

May  20.  At  Bradenham  rectory,  Bucks, 
the  Rev.  John  Irvine^  M.A.  formerly  for 
eleven  years  British  Chaplain  at  Genoa. 
He  was  of  Magdalen  hall,  Oxford,  B  A. 
1835,  M.A.  1836. 

May  31.  At  the  house  of  Wm.  Dalton, 
esq.  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  in  his  44th  year, 
the  Rev.  John  Ftere,  Rector  of  Cotteil- 
ham,  Camb.  and  Chaplain  to  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  London.  He  was  the  eldest  son 
of  George  Frere,  esq.  of  Twyford  House, 
Herts,  (younger  brother  to  the  late  Rigb 
Hon.  John  Hookham  Frere,)  by  Etift' 
beth-Raper,  only  dau.  of  William  Grant> 

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(fCBD ^ 


OOB  vorka  on  pbjridcjt,  moHt  of  (bem  Iq 
iBnctwgr.  Hl>  lut.  whlcli  1b  In  Danl> 
■■  Aiiidm  S  Katuren,"  (Bpltll  In  Hatnr 


Kandj,  Carloo.  aged 

,.  _.*.  1»«.  of  Sldnei  Su 

iM^,  sldcM  acin  of  Jobn  Lfalar, 

Ktw    Sontb    Walaa,    SIcliaTd  F.  FiUM^Sal'i 

"J"T  of  Cmtomi  ai  Bomb*)',  only  lo   ISIG,  Kai ,— 

T.  Bun,  oi.  ofCbellenliaiD,  Arcliducheaa  of  Aiutrl*.  dan.  orPrancli  I.UHtl 

___  __  _.__ _.,„  - „ —  , _-. jltcard.Jo 

Ca^.  NlclHlaiF«Dwlck,of  Uh  HacklDluah.   Stadent   of  Dirlnliy  ^  tha  Fi 

-  --'  atfsd  36.  HOD  of  tfaa  Bat.  Cborch,  j^ungttt  un  of   '     ~ 
B^.  ofOgldei,  Mall 

nn  XlMUaso.  Enn)'  aunordloair 


MOD  Blfle  BafUunt,  aul  U,  hd  or  tfaa  Bat.  Cburcli,  youngMt  un  of  the  laie  Vm.  Uackla- 

nivlcb,i^£iDlle.  1^.  loih.esq.ofOahla.Nalrn. 

._,    ..      ..  .: 1.   1...  t.— .. phUlp  C>nhBr|iaMagefnnnCaJaina,S(^la-)larlaiu», 

TBBd  wldowofWin    "-■     "    "  *"    —■—■'-     -» 


IpMtr  pIcBiiHUiularT 
toftroi  of  AiurttU.    Ha 


.     .  ._        i,  Welchraan,  Bengal  Hcd.  S 

BrtMn, aflcrwardi  at  Flonoc*,      tatb.wiikaf  Roben  WyWEowarb^.a 


tnl  pound. 

.  -.  111!  (>lllii(  averbovd  ftinn  Ihe  CoromandE), 

/«>.  m.    Of  letanui,  Id  conK.(nRi«  of  ao  u-      of  -hlcb  ihtp  he  wu  a  mldahlpman,  WUIlaA 
eMm  nin  bti  mm  the  vKh  Mbn.  RIehafd      Henry,  only  ton  st  H.  8.  Pcnria,  eaq.  K.D.  af 


_^_ fH  SoaKi.    Bf  ■aaiboUrpf      Cla)iluin.,ce 

UiM  Komrt  lo  IB*9-«I,     II,.   aianled  Is  Itti  JfarOHT.    At  lbs  Can  of  Oood  Hope,  and  fl, 

ChaHolte-Anae,  duo.  of  Jinrn  Bnm,  laq.  of  ftat%  Lon  ntapatridi.  aq.  Hcend  no  Of  M- 

Hmhlll.Oni.,,,lorinlHni,  a»l  baa  M  bar  Ui  iboiaa  Rt^aMt*.  wi.  N.D.  of  Batted. 


1851.] 


d»iTtJARt. 


M 


Fbflpotts  Ghreen,  Ifidshipman  of  1^  XfdBStj** 
•to  Alia,  yonnoMt  aon  of  the  Rev.  G.  B/Oreen. 
j|.A.  of  Eton  coTl<»e. 

Mmrck  19,  At  Baa,  Bob.  W.  St.  John,  esq.  ex- 
Cooftul-ceiMnil  of  Englmid  at  Algien. 

Mardi  Si .  At  Colomho,  John,  third  aote  df  fbe 
late  Thomas  Sharpies,  esq.  of  Hm-hin,  Hendbd. 

Apnl  f .  At  Gohlenta,  atced  34,  the  Hon.  Fre- 
derick Savfle,  fifth  son  of  the  Earl  of  Mexhorough. 
He  mnried  in  1839  Antonina,  dan.  c^  the  Bev. 
wa.  Arcbdan,  Bector  of  Tintem,  co.  Wexibrd,  by 
whom  he  leaves  issne. 

10.    At  Halifax,  K.S.  the  Hoo.  Elixaheth 
cy,  wMb  of  his  Excellency  Sir  John 


X.C.B.  and  K.C.H.  Lleut.^vemor  of 
Jfora  Seotku  She  vas  the  third  daughter  of  Gc- 
nund  ibal  Viacoont  Lake,  by  ElizabeUi,  only  djta. 
of  £dw.  Barker,  esq.  of  St.  Jnlian't,  Herts ;  and 
vas  married  in  1306,  to  Sir  John  Harvey,  IU^ot 
til  Um  army,  and  attached  to  the  staff  of  Lord 
Lakfi  in  India.  Lady  Harvey  has  accompanied 
her  husband  in  ^  his  varied  and  distingiUsbed 
itrvices.  in  almost  every  quartM*  of  the  g^obe, 
ipd,  wmi  Uie  idngle  excepnon  of  Canada,  Lady 
Harv^  hat  gracefully  dispensed  the  hospitalities 
of  every  Government  Homie  in  the  Brlti^  North 
Anarkan  Colonies. 

AfHi  U.  At  Becdes,  aged  70,  Hiss  Ifary  Ann 
CMsp,  only  sister  of  John  Crisp,  esq. 

At  Lyme,  aged  66,  Cant.  George  Fred.  Symes, 
l#te  of  the  Madras  artillery.  His  death  ensued 
ISrom  concussion  of  the  brain,  caused  by  the  brutal 
attack  of  a  drunken  man,  whom  be  had  separated 
from  fighting.  The  coroner's  Jury  returned  a 
verdict  of  wiUtil  murder  against  Thomas  Garland. 
Ca|>t.  Symet  has  left  a  widow  and  daughter. 

AprU  \h.  In  Brompton-i«q.  aged  63,  Hiss  Guq> 
Btng,  ronngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Joseph  Gun- 
iriag ,  Bector  of  Spexhall,  and  vicar  of  Sutton. 

J&n  Currie,  esq.  an  eminent  surgeon  of  Bungay. 

AfrQ  16.  Henry  Daniel  Bland,  tsq.  who  fbr  a 
period  of  forty  years  held  a  responsible  appoint- 
ment in  the  shipping  department  of  the  East  India 
Boose,  and  enjoyed,  to  his  decease,  a  munificent 
Mndon  from  that  company.  While  on  his  way 
uQUk  Brighton  to  Colchester,  when  dining  in  Lon- 
don, he  became  choked  by  a  piece  of  orange  en- 
taring  his  Uiroat,  and  in  a  veiy  short  time  be  was 
a  corpse. 

AprU  17.  In  London,  Sarah,  the  only  daughter 
of  the  late  Chapman  Ives,  esq.  fbrmarly  of  Coltis- 
hall  Hall,  Norfolk. 

AorU  18.  At  MUdenhall,  aged  84,  Mary,  relict 
of  Mr.  P.  J.  CoweU,  bite  of  the  Grammar  Sohool 
ThctliDrd. 

AprQ  19.  At  Barbados,  Enmu- Sophia,  the 
wife  of  Col.  Sir  Wm.  Colebrooke,  R.A.  Governor 
of  the  \nndward  Islands.  The  colonial  papers 
cbaraeterise  her  as  "the  amiable,  the  elegant, 
the  hospitable,  the  generous-hearted,  the  religi- 
was,  and  the  benevolent  Lady  Colebrooke."  Her 
My  was  interred  in  the  cathedral  burial  ground. 

At  Effham,  Mr.  Wettoo,  banker  of  that  place. 
Me  left  his  house  in  a  state  of  mind  thai  caused 
Imat  uneasiness  to  his  friends ;  the  following  day 
W»y  received  a  letter,  which  stated  that  his  body 
mild  be  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea.  It  was 
Oiieovered  in  a  ditch  near  Wraysbury.  The  Jury 
rrtoroed  a  verdkt  of  Temporary  Insanity. 

AorU  10.  At  Ipswich,  in  his  80th  year,  John 
FhiUips,  esq.  late  of  Camberwell-grove. 

Aprat2.  At  Dantsey,  Wilts,  Selina,  wife  of  the 
Mav.  G.  A-  Biedermann,  Bector  of  that  place. 

Aarfl  34.  At  BunweU  Parsonage.  Norfolk,  aged 
p,  Jtaigaret-itebecca,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  C. 
Bawlinson. 

.  AprU  35.    At  Jaulnah,  aged  32,  James  Frances 
Johnstone,  esq.  Lieut,  and  Adj.  of  the  3rd  Madras 

*N.  At  Norwich,  aged  33,  Caroline^Sophla, 
of  the  late  Mr.  J.  J.  Deighton,  of 


r.  At pynaa  Ball, in  his  SSthyear,  John 
«$.  Dq)diy.Lltat6nam  (brEss4:r. 


AprU  28.  At  TIttleshall,  Norf.  agad  IS,  fedd- 
ham  Butter,  esq. 

At  Coghurst,  Sussex,  the  resideeoa  of  MMttMi 
Brisco.  eao.  M.P.  aged  75,  Maria,  widow  aflitot 
Hartrup  West,  esq.  of  Poatern  Park,  TiMlk|Hb|. 
She  was  the  youngisst  dau.  of  William  Wao4|Me, 
esq.  of  Somerhill.  -^ 

AprU  29.  At  Eye,  in  hit  87th  year,  WIDIani  Ed- 
wards, gent,  one  of  the  aldermen  of  that  bormiM 
At  Southtown,  Great  Yarmouth,  aged  TB.IOen- 
ard  Slann,  esq.  formeriv  of  Hampton,  Miflmeaw, 
historical  engraver  to  Her  Mi^iesty. 

AprU  30.  At  Leominster,  Jtartha-Louisa.  dam. 
of  the  late  Bev.  Thomas  Allen,  Vicar  of  Bridsiow. 
and  sister  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  T.  Allen,  Bactor  ar 
Shobdon. 

Ma^  I.  At  Pau,  in  the  Pyrenees,  aged  iUL 
Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  Edward  Cadogan,  broth*  10 
the  Earl  of  Cadogan.  He  served  in  the  Paaiivmlw 
campaign  of  1808-9,  as  Lieut,  in  the  30th  BMfk. 
and  received  the  war  medal  with  two  chwps  fbr 
his  services  atVimiera  and  Corunna.  Ha  hid 
been  on  the  half>pay  list  as  a  Major  since  Iftldy 
and  in  1837  received  the  brevet  rank  of  lieiit- 
Colonel.  He  married  in  1823  Ellen,  dau.  of  Law. 
rence  Donovan,  esq.  but  had  no  children. 

In  her  69th  year,  Melissa,  relict  of  Capt. Thomas 
Withers,  R.N.  of  North  Walsham,  Norf. 

J/4y  3.  At  Kirton  Lindsay,  Line.  Anna-LiMtia- 
Louisa,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Albert  FantOB, 
H.Ea.C. 

At  West  Hackney,  aged  52,  Henry,  2d  son  of  the 
late  Kilpin  Warner,  esq.  of  Camberwell<flre«a. 

Map  4.  At  Kingston-on-Thames,  agad  ^.  Jaowe 
Bone,  esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange,  and  Peckbam. 
At  Cranboume,  Windrtor,  aged  37,  Diana,  will 
of  the  Rev.  Conynghara  Ellis. 
At  laUngton,  aged  55.  Bobert  Oldenlhaw,  aiq. 
At  Cambridge,  aged  31,  Mr.  Thomas  Nickiisoi^ 
Scholar  of  Corpus  Christi  college,  and  son  of  Jblii| 
Nickisson,  esq.  of  Stone,  Staff.    Hit  body  wm 
followed  to  the  grave  at  Grantchettar  by  the 
Master  and  members  of  the  college. 

At  North  Elmham,  Norf.  in  his  76th  year, 
Charles  Atkinson,  esq. 

Map  5.  At  Reading,  Louisa,  wife  of  SamMl 
Chase,  esq. 

At  Barton-under-Needwood,  Mary-£Uen>La- 
rina,  elder  daughter  of  the  Bav.  John  Daahwood, 
M.A. 

At  Tredegar-sq.  aged  33,  Maria,  wife  of  Jantt 
T.  Hammack,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  Janette,  wife  of  Charles  OPf»- 
land  Hay,  esq.  youngest  dau.  of  the  lata  Win. 
Wemyw,  esq.  of  Cuttlahill,  Fife. 
At  Dorking,  aged  84,  Miss  Stanaer. 
At  Bromsgrove,  aged  65,  Jabea  Staiufy,  eiq* 
At  Lttvenham  rectory,  Suffolk,  aged  21,  Blehard 
Cubitt  Johnson,  Scholar  of  Clare  hall,  Cambridge, 
eldest  son  of  the  Bev.  A.  Johnson,  Baetar  ff 
Lavenlmm  :  and  on  the  ISth,  at  ChavingtOQ  xm 
tory,  Suffolk,  aged  30,  Edmund  Keble  Whitt.  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  second  ton  of  tht 
Bev.  John  White.  These  two  young  roan,  who 
both  died  of  typhus  flsver.  caught  at  Cambridge, 
entered  the  sohool  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's  t0gfth«r 
at  Midsummer  1842.  Their  fethert  ware  ftHadt^ 
and  had  been  Fellows  of  the  same  coUaga.  dwn- 
son  was  appointed  to  the  FUrtt  ExhJbltlmi  io  Jiaa 
1848  {  he  had  obtained  the  highest  distiaetiOM  hit 
college  had  to  bestow,  and  lait  June  raeaivfdgl 
additional  prise  at  a  racognitioB  of  hit  fliaised 
superiority.  White  had  been  captain  of  Biwy 
school  for  two  years,  when  in  1843  ha  wtot  It 
Cambridge  with  the  First  Exhibition  t  ha  Itittid 
the  first  of  the  Bell's  University  Scholartbipt  M 
March  1850,  and  in  June  stood  second  In  tt» 
general  examination  at  Trinity  colltge.  Bt  ^tU 
on  the  eve  of  obtaining  a  collage  lehalanMp 
Both  these  youths  were  as  amiable  in  ' 
racters  as  they  wnre  dittihgnlshed  by  dMfr 
**  Lovely  were  they  ia  thatr  lives,  and  M 
daathtfliey  wire  not  ti^i<M.**  ..    ..  ; 

jVoy  6.    Ih  Alpha-^.  Begent's  Park,  Thoatat 


)00 

HtiHxui.eH.  oae  of 
InllDd  Rarenne. 

"»,-;::.:■ 

<H.  of  O^vood. 

ij  of  IdTCrpoiiii  menhai 


Obituary. 


car.  MUT.n 


I.  Eeamev,  wldot 
oflhtlHteMa 
-flnr-Her,  AgMi  w,  bumj- 
«]f«  i>f  Q«orgv  Scott,  esq. 


rChariM 
EmUy- 


[July, 

uid  ilie  Doblla  Unlrcr^ 
n-ilC  of  U.  Stockdale. 


LteGMTgcSbani. 


Bofdpt.SidoeyWebb, 


UHMu-kUiw  Eipreein „. 

ilii*.    He  wu  n  naclve  of  Sotb)'.  LincoliiKhIre, 

A1  Hucomb  r«(or7.  Sumy,  Amulb-EtLuilwtl 
Cturlotte.  wU^  nf  the  I(«.  T.  Chilmers  Stortf. 

Mar  13.     AI  Chipping  On^iir.  (En)  8!>.  Mr 


_n  Fltiroy-Mi.  »g6*  <0,  Tlion 
HjofPtnkney,  BerkJ-hiw. 


Biidwicli ,  ngnl  61 .  Smiiht  jt 


scl\ne  the  Kelghlej 


«ntDin  uKl   Hugheti, 


Arlr  IDO 
r.  HoghM,  of 


luMtlcHylum  at  Hiydock  Lodrre,  nher 

e  hedUl 

not  long  conUnoc.    In  hi,  U.!  appoint 

poor  1»»  al>dltgr  he  had  nUfcrnl  much 
h«n  ibe  daliilcBtioni  of  tlie  late  rain 

BTd«.    Mr,Mot.™th.a,i,horofa-or 

pDorlawa. 

JTotF  13      In  C«IU«.  Maria,  nllct  < 

If  D-iylc 

Arthur,  8M).  late  of  Brompton. 

In  LMlc  KnlghtrMer-M.  aged  AQ.  John 

Pelham 

Bnckland,  tta.  Bnrgeon. 

AI  the  Deanery.  Bangor,  Mary-Phil, 

idelplila. 

KraofChMlir. 

AC  Toilenham.  .««1.&1.  John    I>ay, 
WaiCT-lane.  Clt.. 

tm.  of 

AI  New  HUchani.  aged  »i,  Heni 

Hary,  wile  of  the  Rev.  T.  P.  Hutl 
«r  LlflsAeld.  Snrrey.  laU  lurvl.lr 
iitt  lu.  Dnunmond.  aaq.  of  amci 

m  Suaei-^.  Marla-EllialHIh,  w 
tag.  lale  of  Wot  Ham. 

Aged  11  -      ■       - 


IM.  an.  fonnh  wn  n!  (he  l> 
rtSnnehleT. 

Al)lubBr7,D(vDn 
•KercfUmorJSen.  e 
■    AsMH.SaiKh.ol.1 

'STSif 


rt.aged  711,  Catlicrloe, ' 
late  of  Canterbury. 


Rdwird..;H.  K.H.  1 


9,  Ednard  Nor- 


if  R.  Dldw« 
he  3rd  Llgbt 


At  Totleridge,  llerli,  aged  30,  Harriet,  widow 
ofR.  FraDlilyn.eiii.iJtheRoyalllint, 

AI  Lanncegton.  aged  79.  ChariotH,  nlict  of 
Tbomai  Graham.  «q.  Aurgeon ,  of  Ihimham-JITWO- 

Aged  SS.  Mn.  Hole.  oT  SonlbamplDn,  MM  o( 

AI  CndKon.  aged  Tl.  Stepbtn  Ht^o.  oq. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


101 


At  Swansea,  aged  30,  Mr.  Wm.  Jenkins,  the 
largest  shipowner  in  South  Wales. 

At  Southampton,  aged  96,  Mr.  John  Paskins,  an 
officer  in  the  Customs  seventy-five  years. 

At  Shepperton,  aged  52,  William  Read,  esq.  of 
Tnrret-grove,  Clapham. 

At  the  Home,  Salop,  >Iary-Vanzoelen,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Rogers,  esq.  of  the  Home. 

At  Sherbum,  aged  26,  George,  youngest  son  of 
J.  Squire,  esq. 

At  Mount  Talbot,  Ireland,  aged  76,  William 
Talbot,  esq.  J.P.  and  D.L.  for  co.  Roscommon. 

In  Cambridge-terrace,  Regent's  Park,  Barbara- 
Peirie,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  W.  M.  Willett,  esq. 
of  Rushforth  Hall,  Yorkshire. 

May  20.  At  Nork  House,  near  Guildford,  aged 
82,  the  Right  lion.  Margaretta  Elizabeth  dowager 
Lady  Arden.  She  was  the  eldest  duu.  of  the  late 
Sir  Thomas  Spencer  Wilson,  Bart,  by  Jane,  dau. 
of  John  Badger,  esq.  She  was  married  in  1787  to 
Charles-George  second  Lord  Arden,  and  was  left 
his  widow  in  1840,  having  had  issue  the  present 
Earl  of  Egmont,  four  other  sons,  and  three  dangh> 
ters.  Her  body  was  conveyed  for  interment  to  the 
vault  of  her  own  family  at  Charlton,  Kent.  Her 
younger  sister  was  the  wifte  of  Mr.  Perceval,  the 
Prime  Mmister,  who  was  her  husband's  cousin. 

At  the  Grove,  Plymouth,  aged  32,  Mr.  Nicholas 
Matthews  Condy,  marine  painter. 

At  Exeter,  aged  75,  John  Camming,  esq. 

In  Manchester-sq.  aged  79,  Miss  Catherine  Char- 
lotte Eades. 

In  Southampton-pl.  Euston-sq.  aged  80,  Daniel 
Jones,  esq. 

At  the  manse  of  Lesmahago,  Lanarkshire,  aged 
66,  Agnes  Morris,  dau.  of  the  late  Comm.  George 
Morris,  R.N.  and  sister  of  Robert  Morris,  esq.  agent 
for  the  Bank  of  England  at  Plymouth. 

At  Clapham  New  Park,  aged  32,  Henrietta,  wife 
of  Alexander  W.  Rowland,  esq. 

At  Camberwell,  Sophia,  wife  of  S.  H.  Shep- 
heard,  esq. 

Aged  88,  Sarah,  wife  of  Leonard  Vassall,  esq. 
of  the  Brook  House,  Old  Sodbury,  Glouc. 

At  3{argatc,  aged  27,  John-Jarvis,  eldest  son  of 
Joshua W^addington, esq.  F.R.CS. 

Aged  72,  Mr.  James  Young,  of  Augustus-st. 
Regent's  Park,  a  gentleman  possessing  consider- 
able house-property  in  the  neighbourhood.  He 
committed  suicide  by  placing  hLn  neck  across  the 
rails  as  a  train  was  approaching.  He  was  an 
Irishman  by  birth,  and  was  well  known  in  the 
parish  of  St.  Pancras,  having  frequently  taken  an 
active  part  in  local  matters. 

May  21.  At  Great  Wigston,  Lelc.  Ann,  wife  of 
C.  H.  Baddeley.  esq.  Capt.  Madras  Army. 

At  Worthing,  aged  45,  George  Bingley,  esq. 
B.A.  Trin.  Coll.  Camb.  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Robert  Bingley,  esq.  of  the  lioyal  Mint,  and 
Highara  Lodge,  Essex. 

At  Clifton,  Anne,  wife  of  George  Bush,  esq. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Joseph  Druce,  esq.  of  New- 
land  House,  Eynsham,  Oxon. 

At  Thame,  aged  75,  Benjamin  Field,  ettq. 

At  the  rectory,  Moneymore,  Ireland,  aged  28. 
James  Hewitt,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  John  P.  Hewitt,  and  nephew  to  Lord  Vis- 
count LifTord.  He  married  in  1846  Frances,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  F.  S.  Hutchinson,  esq.  niece  of  the 
Earl  of  Donoughmore. 

At  Hackney,  aged  53,  Mary,  wife  of  Willlara 
UttXtry  Jackson,  esq. 

At  Clifton,  aged  22,  Meta,  elder  dau.  of  Samuel 
Lover,  esq. 

At  Gloucester-road,  Hyde  Park-gardens,  Edgar 
Montagu,  esq.  barrister-at-law.  He  was  the  third 
son  of  Gerard  Montagu,  esq.  descended  firom  the 
tiiird  Earl  of  Manchester.  He  married  in  1847 
Marianne-Henrietta,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Mi^or  G«>rge  Mackenzie,  and  had  isssue. 

At  Eztfter,  aged  88,  Mary,  relict  of  George  Reed, 
ctq.  of  Denierara. 

At  Torre  Abbey,  Torquay,  aged  65,  Mrs.  R, 
Stedden. 


At  Compton,  near  Guildford,  aged  77,  George 
Smallpeice,  esq. 

At  Southampton,  aged  67,  John  Arthur  Worsop, 
esq.  surviving  his  wi»,  sister  to  Dr.  Foord-Bowes, 
of  Cowlam,  Yorksh.  four  months. 

May  22.  At  Harefleld  House,  Middlesex,  aged 
86,  Philip  Champion  Crespigny,  esq. 

Aged  56,  Francis  Earle,  esq.  M.D.  of  Ripon. 

At  Clevedon,  Cecilia  Jane,  wife  of  W.  H. 
Heaven,  esq. 

At  Woolwich,  Col.  Hugh  Mitchell,  Second  Col. 
Commandant  of  the  Woolwich  division  of  Royil 
Marines.  He  entered  as  Second  Lieutenant  in 
the  Royal  Marines  on  July  9, 1803. 

In  £dward-st.  Portman-sq.  Almeria,  wife  of 
William  Phillhnore,  esq.  of  Deacon's-hill,  Elstree, 
Herts,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Godfrey 
Thornton,  esq.  of  Muggerhanger,  Beds. 

In  Boone  county,  Kentucky,  aged  1 16,  Mr.  John 
Shaver. 

At  Clare  hall,  Cambridge,  aged  22,  Henry, 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  Samuel  Sheen,  Rector  of 
Stanstead,  Suffolk. 

At  Quenington,  Wilts,  aged  75,  Nicholas  Webb, 
esq.  for  between  40  and  50  years  land  agent  to  Sh* 
M.  H.  H.  Beach,  Bart,  and  his  predecessors. 

At  Ryde,  I.  W.  aged  33,  S.  B.  Whitehead,  esq. 

May  23.  In  Cambridge-terr.  Hyde  Park,  aged 
12,  Maria-Frances,  only  dau.  of  F.  M.  Montgo- 
merie,  esq.  of  Windsor,  and  Garboldesham,  Norf. 

At  Haygrass  House,  near  Taunton,  aged  69, 
John  Bluett,  esq. 

At  North  Brixton,  aged  81,  Jas.  Colebrook,esq. 
formerly  for  many  years  a  resident  of  Grodalminpr. 

Aged  14  months,  Noah -Mary,  only  child  of  Lonl 
Naas. 

At  Bedford,  aged  92,  Wm.  Parker,  esq. 

At  Hoxton,  aged  58,  Sarah,  iiife  of  James  Put- 
tock,  esq.  formerly  of  Epsom,  solicitor. 

May  24.  In  Sutfolk-st.  aged  35,  Henry  Cham« 
pemoMme,  esq.  of  Dartington  House,  Devon.  He 
was  the  son  and  heh*  of  Arthur  Champemowne, 
esq.  MP.  for  Saltash,  who  died  in  1819,  by  Louisa, 
dan.  of  John  Buller,  esq.  of  Mor\'aI. 

At  Stoke,  near  Guildford,  aged  77,  the  wife  of 
Henry  Colquhoun,  esq. 

At  Godesbridge,  Herts,  when  on  a  visit  to  Sir 
Astley  P.  Cooper,  Bart,  aged  6,  Mellicent-Annc, 
youngest  child  of  the  Rev.  Lovick  Cooper,  of 
Empingham.  She  was  accidentally  drowned  by 
falling  into  an  old  well. 

At  Hoyland,  aged  46,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  Cordeaux,  M.A.  leaving  a  family  of  eleven 
children  ;  of  whom  Charles,  her  in&nt  son,  died 
three  days  after  his  mother. 

At  Torquay,  aged  48,  the  Hon.  Francis  Jamt-» 
Curzon,  barrister-at-law.  He  was  the  younpP)>t 
son  of  Nathaniel  second  Lord  Scarsdale,  and  half- 
brother  to  the  present  Lord.  He  was  of  Brason- 
nosc  coll.  Oxford,  B.A.  1824 ;  was  called  to  the 
bar  at  the  Middle  Temple  29  May,  1829  ;  and  wont 
the  Midland  circuit. 

At  Inlington,  aged  52,  Charles  Hill,  esq.  Sec.  to 
the  Board  of  Green  Cloth,  and  36  years  in  tiie 
Lord  Steward's  department  of  the  royal  household. 

At  Cranford,  co.  Northampton,  aged  67,  Mar>-, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  James  Hogg,  Vicar  of  (>eddincr 
ton-cum-Newton . 

May  25.  At  Paris,  Mary,  \*ife  of  Alex.  Cruik- 
shank,  esq.  of  Keithock,  Forfarshire. 

At  Iden  parsonage,  Sussex,  Julia-Louisa,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  G.  A.  Lamb,  D.D. 

At  Brighton,  Charles-Malcolm-Blane-M'Carthy, 
eldest  son  of  C.  W.  Reade,  esq.  Madras  Civil  Sen . 

At  Upper  Tooting,  aged  30,  William  Brewster 
Twining,  esq.  of  the'^and.S 

May  26.  At  Littlehampton ,  aged  63,  Mariannc- 
Beadon,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  E.  Bamar<l, 
Rector  of  Alverstoke,  Hants. 

At  the  residence  of  her  sons,  Carshalton,  aged 
82,  Mary,  widow  of  William  Charrington,  esql  of 
Balham,  Surrey. 

Aged  68,  Thomas  Gribble,  eaq.  of  Stoekwell. 

R.  Hole,  esq.  of  ElUcombe,  near  Donater,  Som> 


id2 


OMi+trAftt. 


^Jn\f, 


At  Dover,  Mrt.  Chartotte  Robertabn,  of  Tower 
HouscL  Canterborjr* 

^^Bayswater-terr.  aged   66,  Mias  Elizabeth 
Drayton  Smith. 

hrtMary,  dao.  of  the  late  John  Sworder,  eaq.  of 
Wnilan,  Herts. 

Mof  27.  Aged  24,  Hary-AIthea,  dam.  of  F.  R. 
■A|>plel>y.  esq.  of  Rennishaw  Iron  WorJu,  Derh. 

At  Rainsf^te,  Mary,  relict  of  Com.  BiUIer,  eaq. 

At  Reading,  aged  92,  Henry  Owen  Hall,  esq. 

M  Exeter,  aged  78,  Roger  Partridge,  esq.  late 
if  Queen  Anne-st. 

At  Littleboum  Court,  Rent,  kary,  relict  of 
Bichard  Pembrbok,  esq. 

.At ,  Brackley,  aged  95,  Mrs.  Russell,  mother  of 
Mr.  R.  Russell,  land  surveyor. 

Aged  65,  Walter  Alexander  Urquhart,  esq.  of 
Leyton,  Essex. 

At  Bath,  aged  4A,  Sophia-Louisa-Henrietta,  wife 
of  C(A.  Lloyd  Watkins,  of  Pennoyre,  M.P.  She 
WAS  tile  third  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Cteorge  Pocock, 
Bart,  by  Charlotte,  second  dau.  of  Edward  Long, 
esq.  of  Jamaica ;  and  was  married  in  1833. 

M€ty  28.  In  Upper  Baker-st.  aged  60,  Major 
Thomas  Croxton,  late  of  the  Royal  Artillenr. 

At  Madrid,  the  Duke  de  Frias,  formerly  Ambas- 
sador to  London  and  Paris. 

At  Upper  Kennmgton-green,  aged  71,  John 
Hawkes,  esq.  late  one  of  the  cashiers  in  the  Bank 
of  England. 

At  Reading,  aged  91,  Sarah,  relict  of  John 
Hoop«r,  esq.  M.D. 

In  Queen-sq.  aged  93,  Sarah-Anne,  relict  of  John 
Darb  Goodman  Jones,  esq. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  aged  71,  Mary  Anne,  re- 
lict of  the  Rev.  Peter  Lathburv,  Rector  of  Liver- 
mere  Magna  and  Parva,  Suffolk. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  76,  Anne,  Widow  of 
Joseph  Mee,  esq.  of  Allsopp's-terrace. 

At  Bedford,  aiced  92,  William  Parker,  e:iq. 

Afoir  29.  At  Waterloo,  near  Liverpool,  aged  75. 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Major  Bertles,  and  the  last 
surviving  sister  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Foord-Bowes,  of 
Cowlam,  Yorkshire. 

In  Old  Burlington-st.  aged  74,  Bartholomew 
Frere,  esq.  formerly  Minister  Plenipotentiary  at 
Constantinople.  Ho  was  the  fifth  son  of  Jolm 
Frere,  esq.  F.R.S.  and  F.S.A.,  M.P.  for  Norwich. 
tar  Jane,  only  child  of  John  Hookham,  esq.  of 
BeddinflTton  ;  and  was  younger  brother  to  the  late 
Right  Hon.  John  Hookham  Frere. 

Aged  18,  Lucy-Harriet,  eldest  dau.  of  James 
Oale,  sen.  esq.  of  Twickenham. 

At  Nunhead,  Surrey,  age4  72,  llrs.  Ann  Graley. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  67,  Mary,  widow  of  Lieut. 
Thomas  Hare,  R.N. 

At  tl>e  Royal  Naval  Hospital,  Plymouth,  Lieut. 
John  Kiddle,  R.N.  leaving  a  widow  and  10  chil- 
drsn. 

At  the  residence  of  bis  nephew,  Benjamin  Har> 
rlson,  wq.  Blackheath  Park,  aged  84,  Francis 
Lupton,  esq. 

At  Northemhay  House,  Exeter,  Mary •  Ann,  wifb 
of  Thomas  May,  esq. 

At  Brompton,  Elixabeth,  relict  of  Henry  Saffery, 
eaq.  of  Downbaro,  Norfolk. 

Ma^  30.  At  Islington,  aged  35,  Edward  Barber, 
•aq.  of  Lincoln's-inn. 

Aged  25,  Hardwick,  fourth  son  of  William  Hard- 
wick  Browning,  esq.  of  Stoke  Newington-green. 

At  Worcester,  Gervaae  Clifton,  esq. 

In  York-pl.  aged  78,  Frederick  De  Lisle,  esq. 

In  Cnnningharo-pl.  St.  John*s-wood,  aged  AS, 
Qeorg«  Oreenhill,  esq.  of  Great  Carter-lane,  soli- 
citor, and  Abbot's  Langley,  Herts,  son  of  the  late 
Qeorge  Greenhill,  esq.  Treasurer  of  the  Stationers' 
Comp«ny.  ^ 

In  Camden  Town,  Robert  Harman,  esq.  late 
Playmaster  17th  Light  Dragoons. 

Aged  61.  Gharl«i  Denttm  Leech,  esq.  solicitor, 
of  Bury  St.  Edmund's.  Mr.  Leech  was  throi^ 
life  « iMtena  jM|voaitf  of  Ubtrfd  principlat.  pe 
MffrMLtiit  pOee  ^  Um.hi^  i|l6-7,th9  aeeopd 
year  after  the  opening  or  Municipal  Corporations. 


Aged  27,  Joteph,  yoongCMt  ion  of  6^.  ited*. 
esq.  of  Peckham. 

In  York -St.  Portman-sq.  Mrs.  Roblnsoii,  r^t 
of  Jobn  Robinson,  esq.  of  Bulwell,  Notts. 

Aged  .55,  Mary,  wife  of  T.  K.  8t4v61ey,  esq.  of 
Old  Sliningfbrd,  near  Ripon. 

During  a  visit  to  her  fether,  Mary-Ann-Prandeam 
wife  of  Benjamin  Wood,  esq.  of  New  Romh6jr,  And 
eldest  dau.  of  C.  H.  Pulley,  esq.  Upper  Homertbn. 

J/ioy  81 .  At  Crediton,  Ann ,  widow  of  Dr.  Thoi. 
Downey,  R.N. 

In  North  Andley-st.  aged  51,  William  Burrow 
Hill,  esq.  of  Chester. 

At  Slatwood's,  East  Cowcs,  aged  28,  Mab^  (^jMM, 
second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  G.  G.  Stonestreet,  Fitti. 
of  Lincoln.  « 

At  Graveley,  Herts,  Miss  Mary  Weissenboril^ 

At  Brighton,  Isabella-Mary,  wife  of  E,  W.  WB- 
Uams,  esq.  and  second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  S.  8. 
Weston,  D.D. 

At  Deptford,  aged  66,  Caleb  Martin  Tayler jSk. 

At  Brompton,  aged  72,  Harriott,  relict  of  Edw. 
Shrubsole,  esq.  of  Sheemess  Dockyard. 

June  1.  At  Bath,  at  the  residence  of  her  ao4<> 
in-law  Mr.  James  Keene,  Jane-Grifflth^,  relict  a 
John  Barnes,  esq.  surg.  formerly  of  Heytc^ui^. 

At  MUlbrook,  near  Southampton,  aged  69,  mU 
Sophia  Diana  Bode,  one  of  the  surviving  dattS.  of 
the  late  A.  W.  Bode,  esq.  of  Dalston,  Middlesex. 

Aged  77,  Mary-Upton,  relict  of  Thomas  Gttwnl, 
esq.  Ingersley  Hall,  Cheshire. 

Aged  26,  Robert  Wm.  Harding,  esq.  barristMr- 
at-law,  eldest  son  of  Lleutenant.-Cololel  Hardidf » 
of  Exeter. 

At  Messina,  aged  27,  Henry-Gore,  youngest  Sen 
of  Sh-  Charles  Hulse,  Bart. 

Aged  84,  Mrs.  Fanny  Hunt,  sister  to  J.  Htint, 

n.  of  Warminster. 
it  Panterion,  Pemb.  aged  30,GrUnth  John  j^a> 
kins,  esq.  Necond  son  of  the  late  GrifBth  JAnktns, 
esq.  of  Panterion. 

At  Musley  Bank,  near  Malton,  aged  65,  Joihn 
Key,  esq. 

At  Upper  Tulse  Hill,  Ann,  wife  of  J.  Lake,  ^. 

At  Evercreech,  aged  50,  Henrietta,  wife  of  Edw. 
.Moore,  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  John  Gros6,  ^. 
formerlv  of  Bloomfleld  House,  Bath. 

At  Alltygog,  Carmarthenshire,  aged  79,  Charik 
Morgan,  esq.  MJ).  one  of  Her  Mi^esty's  JostlcM 
for  Carmarthensliire. 

At  Maida  Hill,  aged  75,  John  Vale.  esq. 

June  2.  At  Falmouth,  John  Bull,  esq.  formlHjf 
commander  of  Her  Majestjr's  Post-olRco  packet 
Marlborough,  long  the  senior  Commander  m  taat 
service. 

In  Wobum-sq.  at  the  house  of  her  uncle  Ifr. 
Serieant  Bytes,  aged  15,  Mary-Ellen,  second  dam. 
of  John  N.  Foster,  esq.  of  Biggle.^wade. 

At  Bath,  aged  52,  Caroline,  wife  of  Race  Goo- 
trey,  esq. 

At  Gravesend,  «ged  25,  George  J.  Jobllng,  ese. 

At  Chard,  aged  51,  Mr.  J.  Malham,  son  of  tne 
Rev.  John  Malham,  Ute  Vicar  of  Helton,  Dorset. 

At  the  Grange,  Dilham,  near  Norwich, aged  67. 
William  Norfor,  esq. 

At  Christchurch,  Hants,  aged  55,Richard  Sh^, 
esq.  solicitor  and  coroner  for  the  hundred. 

June  3.  At  Bath,  Christian,  relict  of  tbt  ftff(t. 
J.  W.  Astley,  Rector  of  Quenhigton,  Qlone. 

At  Hythe,  Capt  J.  N.  Frampton,  late  ot  %M 
Rifle  Brigade. 

At  Stratton  St.  Mkhael,  Norf.  aged  65,  Rl£hiHl 
Gw)'n,esq. 

At  Leicester,  aged  6 1 ,  Mr.  Saml.  Harris,  surgtod . 

At  the  Priory,  Berwick  St.  John,  Jane-Hwvey, 
relict  of  James  Foot,  ^.  of  Salisbury. 

At  Clapham-conmion,  aged  66,  Catherine,  vriit 
of  Joseph  Prestwlch,  esq. 

At  Brompton,  Middlesex,  aged  H,  llary,  Will  m 
Capt.  Pridham,  R.N. 

At  the  house  of  her  son  TboixuU  ^Qte^«flf 
E^m^ and  of  King-st  London,  e«|.  a^  77,  wyni 
Rodgefs,  widow.  ^ 

At  Highbury-pl.  Sarah,  wife  of  Sam.  SMffl,  w(: 


1851.] 


OBIf^ARY* 


103 


At  hit  ^ther*!,  Uv^n  Lodge,  Tftsnton,  Joka- 
Fhillips',  flfMj  aba  of  Henry  Vie,  esq. 


At  Nice,  1^^  53,  Jos^  Trarort,  oq. 


F.  Cox, 


Jun€  4.    At  Liscard,  Emma,  wife 
esq.  R.N. 

in  Upper  Holloway,  aged  60,  John  Foster,  esq. 
of  Barge-yard,  Bucku^bory. 

At  Bla»heath,  aged  84,  Col.  Thomas  FranckUn, 
lata  Hoyal  Art. 

At  Soathampton,  aged  66,  Martin  Maddison, 
esq.  hanker.  He  was  a  man  of  onblemished  in- 
t^rity  and  great  benevolence.  His  wife  died  last 
year,  and  his  only  child,  an  unmarried  daoghter, 
a  fortaii^  before  him. 

Ii)  the  Circaa-road,  St.  John's  Wood,  aged  69, 
Miss  Gerbud^  Stafford  Smith,  dan.  of  the  late 
John  StamntI  Smith,  esq.  of  Chelsea. 

/kim  ft.  At  Boal<^e<sar-Her,  suddenly,  aged 
73,  Lieat.-Cql.  {Uchard  Bayly.  12th  Regt.  of  Foot. 

At  Bath,  Mary,  wife  of  BeAJamia  Brown,  esq. 
late  of  Cl^ham-common. 

In  Lower  Berkeley-st.  London,  aged  76,  Vincent 
Eyre,  esq.  formerly  of  Highfleld,  near  Chesterfield. 
His  body  was  interred  according  to  the  rites  of 
the  Romish  Church  in  the  ruined  chapel  at  New- 
bold,  attended  by  his  son  and  son-in-law  as  chief 
mourners. 

At  Bath,  Thomas  Piper,  ^q. 

At  Fulham,  age4  83.  Samuel  Baker  Rowland, 
esq.  late  surgeon  to  tne  Royal  West  India  Mail 
Steamer  Tweed,  when  wrecked  on  the  Alcranes 
reef  of  rocks,  11th  Feb.  1847 ;  and  also  to  the 
Royal  West  India  Mail  Steamer  Forth,  which  was 
wrecked  on  the  same  reef  on  the  14th  Jan.  1849. 


At  St.  Albaii**,  agei  71.  Jeia  flnmiel  Storr, 
esq.  clerk  of  the  peaee  for  the  eountjr  of  Hertford. 

/Mif  6.  la  Cfmbridge-terr.  Hyde  Park,  aged 
65,  Lieut.-Col.  W.  T.  Baker,  of  the  Madras  army. 

At  Halford  Bridge,  Warw.  aged  49,  Edwait 
Brooks,  esq.  late  of  Spital-sqnare. 

In  Gnildford-st.  aged  76,  Thomas  Chawaer.eit. 
Uite  of  GuildfcHTd-street  and  Addlestone,  Surrey.' 

At  Swaffham,  Norfolk,  aged  25,  Lieut.  CleOMBi 
Charles  Day,  B.N.  fourth  son  of  Henry  F.  IW9; 
esq.  of  Swaffham. 

AtCuckfleld,  Sussex,  Elizabeth-Goring,  thM 
dan.  of  the  late  Benjamin  Vander  Gucht,  esq.  ol 
Lower  Brook-st. 

At  Ropley,  Hants,  aged  78,  Jane,  relict  of 
George  Hetherington,  esq.  of  Reading. 

Aged  29,  Mr.  Arthur  Langhome,  clerk  to 
Messrs.  Puget,  Bahibridges,  and  Co.  St.  Paw*s 
Churchyard.  His  death  was  occasioned  by  a  tnin 
running  off  the  rail  at  Falmer,  near  Lewes,  wii|n 
Ave  other  lives  were  also  lost. 

At  the  residence  of  R.  Walter,  esq.  Percomb** 
hill,  near  Yeovil,  Jas.  Marks  Masey,  esq.  of  Clifton. 

At  Sheffleld.jBged  38,  Wilford  Mettara,  esq.  late 
of  the  firm  of  William  Greaves  and  Sons,  Sheaf 
Works,  Shelfleld. 

Aged  64,  William  Rogers,  e«q.  M.R.C.S. 

At  Croydon,  aged  59,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  John  Ward,  Rector  of  Compton  Greenfield, 
near  Bristol. 

June  7.  Aged  66,  Grant  Allan,  esq.  only  son  of 
the  late  Grant  Allan,  esq.  of  Gower-st. 

At  the  vicarage,  Corsham,  aged  19,  GeorgiMka 
Emily,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Cuion  Bennett. 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  ietued  by  the  Registrar ^Gentrul,) 


^w»^w 


Deaths  Registered 


Week  ending 
Saturday, 


May 
June 


ft 


%\  . 

1  . 

14  . 

81  . 


Under ' 
15. 


15  to 
60. 


473 
449 
449 
479 


■w 


316 
329 
299 
309 


60  and   |  Age  not  !  Total, 
upwards.,  specified. 


185 
183 
172 
164 


22 

9 
16 


996 
961 
929 
968 


Males.  I  Females. 


510 
510 
515 
492 


^f* 


486 
451 
414 
476 


1533 
1446 
1292 
1482 


m^ 


ff«i^ 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Juu^  20. 


Whsat.        Barley.         Oats.            Rye.           Beans.  Peaa. 

«.    d,          s,    4,          9,    d.          a.    d,          $.    d.  «.    d. 

39  11          84    6          20     1          2G     1          30  10  28    8 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  JuNB  23. 

The  reports  ffom  Kent  and  Sussex  are  very  unfavourable,  in  which  counties  the 
blight  prevaiU  to  a  fiBarfttl  extent.  The  Worcester  plantations  are  not  much  affected 
at  presept. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  JuNpt  23. 
H|iy,  9/.  Of.  to  4/.  4«.— Straw,  1/.  U.  to  1/.  8«.— Clover,  3/.  bt.  to  4/.  10«. 
SMITHFIELD,  Junk  23.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef 2». 

Mutton 2t, 

Veal 2«. 

Pork 8». 


4d.  to  3«.  6d. 
6rf.  to  3a.  lOd. 
8J.  to  3a.  8 J. 
4J.  to  3f .    8(/. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Junb  23. 

Beasts 3518    Calves  441 

Sheep  and  Lambs   33,080    Pigp      385 


COAL  MARKET,  June  20. 

Walls  Ends,  ike.  \2t.  Sd.  to  14#.  Zd.  par  ton.     Other  sorts,  lU.  Od.  to  13«.  6d, 

TAUiOW,  par  c«rt.>«>Towii  Tallnr,  38#.  Od.     YeUow  Russia,  39«.  Od. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W 
Fhtm  May  26,  lo  Junt  S£,  1851,  bolh 
eiiheic'i  Therm.  r  Fahrenhei 


n 

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106 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Portrait  of  Oliver  Cromwell. — 
The  portrait  inquired  for  in  the  Minor 
Correspondence  of  our  last  Magazine,  and 
which  was  formerly  at  Rose  HalJ,  pear 
Beccles,  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Rooert 
Rich,  is  now  in  the  British  Museum.  The 
following  inscription  attached  to  the  hack 
of  the  picture  explains  its  history  from 
the  time  when  it  was  seen  hy  Mr.  Say. 
•^ttis  original  picture  of  Qliyer  Crom- 
well, presented  by  him  to  Nathaniel  Rich, 
Ctq.  then  serving  under  him  as  Colonel  of 
f  regiment  of  Horse  in  the  Parliament 
4Lrmy»  was  bequeathed  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  British  Museum  for  the  use  of  the 
public,  by  his  great  grandson  Lieutenant- 
General  Sir  EU)bert  Rich,  Bart  by  his 
wiU  dated  29th  May,  1784."  It  Is  a  good 
painting  by  Walker  on  canvass,  of  course, 
mud  not  on  panel,  as  erroneously  stated  in 
tb^  published  Catalogue  of  the  pictures  at 
the  British  Museum. 

H.  C.  informs  us,  in  rjeply  to  the  ques- 
tion  of  S.   J.   inserted   in  last   month's 
Minor  Correspondence,  that  "  Holyday 
Yard   is   situated  on   the  west   side   of 
Greed  Lane,  Ludgate  Hill,  near  to  Saint 
Paul's  Cathedrsl.     The  name  of  this  Yard 
pretty  clearly  indicates  its  origin.     Little 
either  of  holy  day  or  holiday  iparks  the 
spot  now.     It   is  a  colony  of  workers, 
jmd  every  room  in  every  house  is  most 
likely  a  distinct    domicile.     Indeed   the 
whole  locality  is  a  strange   network   of 
OQurts  and  alleys,   which    your    corres- 
pondeat  $.  J.  wot^ld  find  it  rather  difficult 
to  thread  without  a  guide.     That  a  spot 
go  insignificant  as  Holiday  Yard  now  is, 
should  have  escaped  Mr.  Cunningham's 
notice  is  not  very  wonderful.     There  can 
be  little  doubt,   however,  that  had  Dr. 
South't  ownership  of  property  there  pre- 
sented itself  to   Mr.  Cunningham's  me- 
mory  or  repearch,   Holiday  Yard  would 
bave  been  duly  gazetted  in  his  most  va- 
liuible  volume,  for  he  haf  taken  especial 
pains  to  identify  those  parts  of  London 
wnich  are  in  any  way  connected  with  our 
literary  celebrities.     A  glance  at  its  index 
will  show  that  Dr.  South  has  not  been 
forgotten,  as  well  as  indicate  the  surpris- 
ing amount  of  labour  which  must  have 
been  undergone  by  Mr.  Cunningham/* 

M.  M.  M.  solicits  information  as  to  the 
existing  bubts  of  Cromwell.  **  None,*' 
he  remarks,  "were  executed  during  his 
life-time,  nor,  indeed,  until  after  the  Revo- 
Ivtion  of  1688,  and  then  most  probably 
ftrom  the  mask  taken  immediately  after  his 
death,  and  still  extant.  The  best  resem- 
blances to  Cromwell  are  the  busts  by 
Rysbrach  in  1698,  one  of  which  is  in  the 
gallery  of  the  Marquess  of  Westminster ; 
another   if  in   the  poMcssion   of  Mr. 


Wm.Tooke.  Schemacher,  Ronbilliac,  and 
Fearce  also  made  busts  of  Cromwell ;  one 
by  the  latter  is  in  the  collection  of  the 
BLight  Hon.  H.  Labouchere." 

E.  P.  in  reply  to  S.  G.  (Minor  Cor- 
respondence for  May  1851),  assumes  that 
the  armorial  bearings  of  Ds  Pau  or  De 
Peye  are,  "  Or,  ten  billets  gu.  four,  three, 
two,  and  one." 

Db  W£f.^B3,  "  Or,  a  lion  rampant 
double  queued  sa." 

De  Kembsee  or  Kemishb,  '*  Barry  of 
six,  vair^  and  gu." 

^TMO    DB    TURENBERD,    ** On    H 

chief three  roundels." 

Db  Soham  or  Sqamb,  "  Gu.  a  chev. 
between  three  cross-staves  (another  ham- 
mers) or." 

Clericus  inquires  in  reference  to  9 
statement  in  our  memoir  of  Archdeacon 
Todd  (vol.  XXV.  N.  S.  p.  822),  whether 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  review  or  To 00*8 
Spen9br  was  inserted  in  the  Quarterly  or 
Edinburgh  ?  No  doubt  the  writer  in  our 
Obituary  was  mistaken.     The  article  was 

Printed  in  the  Edinburgh  Review  in  1805. 
t  is  reprinted  in  Sc6tt's  Pros6  Works, 
xvii.  80.  We  shall  endeavour  to  procure 
answers  to  the  other  questions  sent  by 
this  correspondent  as  occasion  serveSi  but 
the  time  for  replying  to  many  of  them,  af 
well  as  for  inserting  the  answers  he  has 
sent  to  us,  is  gone  by. 

In  explanation  of  a  note  ii^  our  Maga- 
zine for  January  last,  p.  13,  re^>ecting 
the  Rev.  Neyillb  Write,  one  (^ 
Southey's  correspondents,  who  is  there 
Stated  to  have  "  unfortunately  met  with 
death  by  bis  own  hand,"  we  have  been  re- 
quested to  state  (which  we  do  most  wil- 
lingly), that  the  Coroner's  jury  returned 
a  verdict  of  Accidental  Death.  It  is  not 
therefore  to  be  inferred  that  the  reverend 
gentleman  committed  suicide. 

The  late  Capt.  Charles  Gray  (of 
whom  a  memoir  was  given  at  p.  96)  died 
at  his  residence  in  Archibald  Place,  Edin- 
burgh, not  at  Glasgow.  At  the  %\mt  of 
his  death  he  was  engaged  in  a  new  edition 
of  his  '*  Lays  and  Lyrics,"  which  was  to 
have  been  highly  illustrated  in  the  style  of 
Rogers's  Italy.  Some  of  the  plates  were 
already  engraved.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
and  continued  to  take  a  lively  interest  in 
its  proceedings  to  the  last 

In  our  memoir  of  the  late  Earl  or 
Albemarle  (June,  p.  661),  it  was  stated 
that  "  he  never  sat  in  the  House  of  Com- 
mons." This  was  incorrect,  since,  as 
Lord  Bury,  be  was  M.P.  for  Arundel  in 
the  parliament  of  1820-6. 

Page  74,  line  6  from  foot,  read  Mere 
pononal  intereitf  hi  entirely  diiregwdcd. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AHD 


HISTORICAL  REYIEW. 


WILLIAM  WORDSWORTH. 

Memoirt  of  Witliam  Wordsworth,  Poet-laureate,  D.C.L.     By  Christopher  Words- 
worth, D.D.  2  vols.  8vo.  Lond.  1851. 


THE  itnictiire  of  these  yolames 
^onld  alofie  exeofbi  them  from  any 
^ery  rigid  censorship,  eren  if  the  bio- 
ghijihtT  fa«d  jperfbrmed  his  part  less 
efficientlj.  For,  as  respects  their 
stibstance,  they  may  be  regarded  ats  a 
testamentary  annotation  npon  Words- 
Worth's  poetry,  and,  as  respects  their 
^{nrit,  they  are,  m  some  measure,  the 
^an-song  of  the  revered  bard  whose 
fife  and  conversatron  they  record.  In 
his  "Letter  to  a  Friend  of  Burns," 
published  many  v^ars  ago,  Mr.  Words- 
worth, amons  othet  profound  observa- 
tions upon  tne  duties  of  literary  bio- 
graphy, maintained  that  "our  sole 
business  in  relation  to  authors  is  with 
the^  books — to  undei^stand  and  enjoy 
flkem."  He  deprecated  "  BoswelKsm  " 
hi  all  its  degrees;  and  were  some 
drance  to  briug  to  upper  air  "  Memoirs 
6f  Horace  and  his  contemporaries  by 
a  Grammariati  tff  the  Augustan  ase, 
he,  for  his  part,  would  regret  rather 
ihan  Welcome  the  waif  from  classical 
^res,  as  one  likely  "  to  dtsfi^re  with 
Sacongruotts  features  the  beautiful 
BCteal  of  those  fllustriou^  personages.*' 
in  the  autumtt  of  1847,  Mr.  Words- 
worth seems  to  have  repeated  these 
mbitiments  to  his  present  biographer, 
flK»6ompanying  them  with  the  aesire 
that  he  would  prepare  any  personal 
ootices  requisite  fcrc  the  illustrations 
6f  his  poems.  Upon  this  request,  as 
Ksf  goioing  prmciple,  Dr.  Wordsworth 
hia  tcted  m  the  composition  of  his 
ninde's  memoirs,  whicn  are  accord- 
ihfiy  t6  be  viewed  as  a  record  of  the 


poetic  rather  than  of  the    personftt 
history  of  the  deceased. 

A  biographical  Commentary  upon 
Wordsworth  s  poems  differs  indleed 
but  little  from  an  abstract  and  brief 
chronicle  of  his  life.  The  author  of 
the  Lyrical  Ballads  did  not  present  to 
the  world,  as  so  many  poets  have  doid^ 
a  twofold  aspect — one  in  their  booferf 
another  in  their  actions  and  tem» 
perament.  To  comprehend  MOtoiSt 
thoroughly,  his  prose  writings  BltsA 
the  times  in  which  he  lived  must  b^' 
studied.  Byron  and  Gray  are  knowfl 
better  by  their  letters  than  by  thehf 
verse.  From  the  Seasons  we  should! 
not  guess  Thomson!  to  have  been  pro- 
foundly indolent:  or  fi^om  the  Irak,' 
Cowper  to  have  been  profoundly  hn^ 
morous.  But  in  Wordsworth  ther6  U 
little  or  none  of  this  Janus  aspect. 
"  He  wrote,"  says  his  biographer,  **  kt 
he  lived,  and  he  Kved  ta  he  Wrote. 
His  poetry  had  its  heart  in  his  f?fe,  and 
his  life  fbund  a  voice  in  his  poetry.** 

We  must  therefore  presume,  hK  ihH 
following  notice  6f  these  M^mohrtf; 
upon  our  readers  having  some  ao*^ 
quatnf«nce  with  Wordsworth's  pbiem^ 
as  well  as  some  interest  hi  their  prtf* 
dtrctiou  and  prc^ess.  The  Memofri 
and  the  Poetica!  Works  should,  in  fM, 
be  open  at  the  same  time :  for  ihett. 
and  then  only,  will  become  dompletely 
apparent  the  consonance  of  the  mtk 
and  the  poet.  Sophocles  indeed  did 
not  more  entirely  reflect  in  his  cha- 
racter and  genius  the  severity  of  th4 
ethnic  artist,  dwelling  apart  from  i& 


108 


William  Wordsworth. 


[Aug. 


disturbing  forces  in  order  that  he  might 
jtuUy  embody  the  statuesque  pomp  of 
the  Hellenic  legend,  than  Wordsworth 
abstracted  himself  from  the  rougher 
contacts  of  society  in  order  that  he 
might  plenarily  discharge  his  functions 
as  the  interpreter  and  priest  of  ex- 
ternal nature. 

The  principal  documents  employed 
in  these  memoirs  are  the  poet's  own 
iravobiographical  dictations  to  an  inti- 
mate female  friend ;  brief  sketches  of 
dates  and  facts  for  Dr.  Wordsworth's 
instruction ;  a  few  of  his  uncle's  let- 
ters— strangely  few  indeed  they  would 
seem  for  a  veteran  in  literature,  did  we 
not  learn  from  more  than  one  of  them 
that  Wordsworth  regarded  his  pen  and 
desk  as  scarcely  preferable  to  an  oar 
ancr  bench  in  the  galleys ;  letters  and 
memoranda  contributed  by  his  family 
and  friends,  among  which  those  of 
Mr.  Justice  Coleridge  are  particularly 

Saphic;  and,  finally,  extracts  from 
iss  Wordsworth's  Journal,  which  for 
grace,  expression,  and  vivacity,  are 
the  prominent  gem,  as  well  as  the  prin- 
cipal nucleus,  of  these  volumes.  The 
poet's  sister  was  indeed,  in  all  respects, 
a  most  gifted  and  admirable  lady — 
worthy  of  the  a£fectionate  mention  of 
her  in  her  brother's  letters  and  con- 
versation, worthy  of  the  more  perma- 
nent tribute  of  his  verse,  and  worthy 
of  beinff  held  by  all  to  whom  his  verse 
18  precious  in  reverent  and  grateful 
memory — a  "  clarum  et  venerabile 
nomen,"  wherever  the  English  lan- 
guage ministers  to  the  instruction,  the 
consolation,  or  the  imagination  of  man- 
kind. She  was  the  sister  of  his  in- 
tellect, whose  native  fervour  and  oc- 
casional ruggedness  were  tempered 
and  refined  by  her  superior  sensibility ; 
she  catered  for  his  eye  and  ear  at  all 
seasons  of  travel  or  seclusion ;  she  was 
a  counsellor  well  fitted  to  advise  in 
either  fortune ;  she  was  assured  of  his 
coming  renown  when  the  name  of 
Wordsworth  was  almost  bandied  about 
by  the  public  as  a  bye-word ;  and  her 
earnest  faith  was  at  length  rewarded 
by  the  increasing  homage  of  his  ad- 
inirers  and  by  the  certainty  of  his  pre- 
sent and  posthumous  triumph. 

We  have  so  recently,  in  our  notice 
of  the  **  Prelude,"  surveyed  the  earlier 
portions  of  Wordsworth's  life,  that, 
on  this  occasion,  we  shall  merely  refer 
briefly  to  the  favourable  character  of 


his  education  among  mountains  and 
a  people  of  simple  yet  picturesque 
manners,  to  the  slight  restraints  of  nis 
school-days,  to  his  own  active  and 
hardy  habits  in  boyhood,  to  the  un- 
favourable aspect  which  Cambridge 
presented  to  him,  to  his  residence  in 
France,  and  to  the  absorbing  interest 
he  felt  in  the  first  French  Revolution. 
All  these  circumstances,  indeed,  are  so 
fully  and  ^aphically  delineated  in  the 
"  Prelude, '  that  the  reader,  with  that 
autobiographical  poem  and  the  Memoirs 
before  him,  would  scarcely  thank  us 
for  anticipating  or  abridging  so  in- 
teresting a  narrative  of  the  life  poetic. 
For  emphatically^  "7?oeft*c,"  as  regards 
its  plan  and  details,  Wordsworth  s  life 
deserves  to  be  called.  We  doubt,  if 
the  ends  and  aims  which  he  set  before 
himself  be  kept  in  view,  whether  a 
more  consistent  life  was  ever  led,  or 
a  happier  or  more  honourable  lot  ever 
assigned  to  man.  Chequered  it  doubt- 
less was  by  the  ordinary  accidents  of 
mortality,  by  narrow  means,  by  hope 
deferred,  and  by  the  visitations  of 
death.  But  "against  the  ills  which 
flesh  is  heir  to,"  Wordsworth  opposed 
a  serene  heroism  of  content  which 
enabled  him  to  mate  and  master 
poverty,  disappointment  and  bereave- 
ment. And  in  his  devotion  to  poetry 
as  his  vocation,  there  was  nothing 
emasculate ;  no  merely  selfish  exalta- 
tion; no  petty  claims  for  exemption 
from  ordinary  duties  and  courtesies. 
Even  a  propensity  to  speak  of  himself 
and  his  writings  was  not  in  Words- 
worth an  appetite  for  praise  or  a  habit 
of  self-complacency,  so  much  as  an 
unconscious  betrayal  of  his  efibrts  to 
realise  his  superb  ideal  of  the  life- 
poetic. 

From  the  moment  when  his  poetic 
vocation  became  clear  to  himself, 
Wordsworth's  days  were  as  uniform 
in  their  features  as  it  is  possible  for 
periods  of  time  to  be  when  environed 
Dy  the  accidents  of  mortality.  His  na- 
turally robust  constitution  was  invigo- 
rated by  rigid  temperance :  "  stren^h 
from  wine,  he  says  in  one  of  his  let- 
ters, "  is  good,  but  strength  from  water 
is  better."  He  lived  much  in  the  open 
air ;  and  his  daily  feats  as  a  pedestrian 
would  probably  surpass  the  endurance 
of  most  men  in  these  days,  when  wheels 
would  seem  to  have  nearly  supplanted 
the  exercise  of  legs.    For  a  complete 


1861.] 


WUliam  Wordsworth. 


109 


understanding  of  aU  the  mysteries  and 
all  the  majesty  of  the  beautifiil  land 
in  which  he  dwelt,  daily  contemplation 
of  nature  under  every  aspect  of  tur- 
bulence and  repose  was  essential  to 
the  poet.     His  habits  of  composition 
more  nearly  resembled  those  of  an 
ancient  Scald  than  of  an  English  bard 
in  the  nineteenth  century.     He  went 
^^  booing"  his  verses,  as  his  Cumbrian 
neighbours  phrased  it,  under  solstice 
and  equinox  indifferently,  and  through 
each  intermediate  change  of  the  roll- 
ing seasons,  over  the  mountain-lawns 
and  beside  the  mountain-torrents,  in 
the  heart  of  mists  and  under  the  t^lear 
mirror  of  brumal  frost,  at  earliest  dawn 
when  the  sheep-fold  was  opening,  and 
when  **  Hesper  issued  forth  from  the 
fulgent  west."     One  day  a  stranger, 
having  walked  round  the  garden  and 
grounds  of  Rydal  Mount,  asked  one 
of  the  female  servants,  who  happened 
to  be  at  the  door,  permission  to  see 
her  master*s  study.     "  This,"  said  she, 
leading  him  forward,  "  is  my  master's 
library,  where  he  keeps  his  books ;  but 
his  study  is  out  of  doors."     After  long 
absences  from  home,  his  cottage-neigh- 
bours would  say,  "  Well,  there  he  is ; 
we  are  glad  to  hear  him  *  booing'  about 
again."     Long  before  the  pen  of  the 
female  inmates  of  his  household  was 
called  in  requisition  to  transcribe,  his 
murmured  verse  had  been  poured  forth, 
formed  and  polished ;   and   could  it, 
like  Betif  de  la  Bretorme's  novels,  have 
been    transferred    at    once   to  type, 
Wordsworth  would  probably  have  left 
as  few  manuscripts  as  "  blmd  Mele- 
sigenes"  himself.     Yet,  in  despite  of 
his  method  of  composition,  he  was  any- 
thing rather  than  an  improviser.    At 
times,  indeed,  when  forcibly  impressed 
by  new  objects,  or  by  a  familiar  scene 
under  unusual  irradiation,  the  "divine 
afflatus"  would  seize  him,  and  he  would 
pour  forth  streams  of  unpremeditated 
verse.    But  these  occasions  were  rare : 
and  still  more  rarely  were  such  im- 
promptus exposed  to  the  public  eye. 
As  regarded  harmony  of  sound,  Words- 
worth describes  himself  as  "  an  Epi- 
curean."    We   should  not  have   ac- 
corded him    this   especial    attribute, 
since  his  blank  verse  we  think  on  the 
whole  inferior  to  Cowper's,   and  his 
lyrical  poems  occasionally  display  both 
laxity  and  roughness  of  cadence.    In 
one  80  derot^  to  his  art,  however, 


such  inequalities  may  have  been  as 
much  the  result  of  a  theory  as  of  haste 
or  negligence ;  and  that  they  were  not 
undesigned,  but  purposed  breaks  oi* 
smoothness,  is  the  more  probable  from 
their  recurrin^^  most  frequently  in  the 
poems  which  ne  composed  according 
to  the  doctrine  of  his  critical  prefaces. 
In  English  poetry,  Wordsworth  was 
very  deeply  read.  It  was,  perhaps, 
his  only  very  profound  learning ;  and 
his  "booins*  was  as  often  bestowed 
upon  repetition  of  favourite  passages 
as  upon  original  composition.  He  had, 
however,  studied  critically  the  most 
artistic  of  the  Latin  poets,  and  his 
poems  entitled  "  Dion,'  "  Laodamia9" 
and  "  Lycoris,"  afford  abundant  proofs 
that  whatever  his  scholarship  may  have 
been,  he  entered  profoundly  into  the 
spirit  of  antiquity.  But  no  verse  had  he 
so  deeply  explored  or  would  so  willingly 
analyse  in  conversation  as  his  own. 
Vanity,  we  believe,  had  little  or  no 
share  in  this  introspection  of  his  own 
productions.  He  had  consciously 
aimed  at,  he  had  partially  achieved,  a 
great  revolution  in  poetic  diction,  and 
the  purity  of  his  own  idiom,  or  the 
truth  and  beauty  of  his  own  images, 
were  the  documents  and  title-deeds  of 
his  claim  to  be  accounted  a  reformer 
of  poesy. 

Of  contemporary  poets,  indeed, 
Wordsworth  seems  to  have  spoken 
with  but  cold  approval, — always,  in- 
deed, with  the  exception  of  Coleridge, 
whom  he  appears  to  us  to  overrate. 
Coleridge  was  endowed  with  the  me- 
trical faculty  in  a  very  unusual  mea- 
sure, and,  to  speak  in  tripos-phrase, 
might  be  bracketed  with  Fletcner  for 
the  sweetness  and  variety  of  his  mo- 
dulations. In  this  respect  Wordsworth 
was  by  no  means  equal  to  the  author 
of  "  Christabel,"  and  accordingly  by 
no  unnatural  inference  ascribed  to  him 
other  poetic  functions  in  proportion. 
Wordsworth  thought  that  metaphy- 
sical speculations  had  kept  Coleridge 
from  verse ;  but  no  poet  was  ever  long 
turned  aside  from  his  vocation,  if  the 
"  mens  divinior"  were  really  part  of 
his  being.  The  whole  phalanx  ofschool- 
men,  banded  with  all  the  interminable 
squadrons  of  French  and  German  me* 
taphysics,  would  not  drive  Tennyson 
from  a  single  outpost.  Scott,  Southey, 
and  Crabbe,  receive  very  slender  praise 
from  the  oracle    of  Itydal    Mount. 


no 


William  Wordsworth. 


[Aug- 


Southey  he  accuses  justly  enough  of 
a  want  of  sympathy  with  ihe  desuings 
apd  the  pa^ions  of  men  ;  yet,  con- 
sidering the  quarter  from  which  it 
comes,  the  accusation  is  somewhat 
strange.  Scott  he  describes  as  un- 
ve^acious  in  his  representations  of  na- 
ture, and  terms  him  a  poet  only  to 
the  ear.  Byron  he  coula  scarcely  be 
expected  to  like, — for  Wordsworth's 
canons  of  composition  had  been  fash- 
ioned in  a  very  different  school,  and 
wer6  fixed  ere  Childe  Harold,  like  a 
strong  fever-fit,  seized  upon  the  gene- 
ral mmd.  Of  Keats  we  find  nothing 
recorded ;  but  we  can  imagine  th^t  the 
liberties  he  took  in  "  Endymion**  with 
i<^om,  metre,  and  even  words,  would 
onend  so  zealous  a  purist  in  style,  aS 
Mr.  Wordsworth  was,  quite  as  much 
as.  by  his  own  colifession,  Mr.  Car- 
lyle*s  prose  aggrieved  him.  We  were 
agreeably  surprised  to  find  that  Words- 
worth thought  Shelley  "one  of  the 
best  artists  of  us  all ;  I  mean  in  work- 
manship of  style ;"  and  were  equally 
amazea  when  we  read  his  depreciation 
of  Goethe.  But,  on  this  point,  the  late 
Laureate  was  so  pertinaciously  here- 
tical, that  we  must  leave  the  reader  to 
wonder  at  his  verdict,  since  we  should 
speedily  exhaust  our  remaining  columns 
by  any  attempt  to  move  for  a  new 
trial. 

To  reviewers,  and  especially  to  those 
who  clothe  their  thoughts  in  blue  and 
yellow,  Mr.  Wordsworth  bore  no  good 
w3(.  He  certainly  had  received  some 
shrewd  thrusts  from  the  crafl,  and  the 
late  Lord  Jeffrey  did  not  hold  his 
sword  like  a  dancer.  Nevertheless 
W6  cannot  but  think  the  poet  "  pauIo 
iniquior  "  when  he  speaks  of  the  Edin- 
burgh Aristarchus  as  having  taken  "  a 
perpetual  retainer  from  his  own  inca- 
pacity to  plead  gainst  my  claims  to 
pdblic  approbation."  In  1816  this 
fittle  bravura  was  confined  to  the 
pojjt's  "  Own  Correspondent ; "  but  by 
printing  it  in  1851  tne  editor  has  very 
nimecessarily  exposed  it  to  public  ^aze. 
W^  presume  that  the  "mcapacity" 
spoken  of  is  confined  to  a  supposed 
insensibility  in  the  critic  to  poetic  sen- 
sations. In  an^  other  sense  the  impu- 
tation is  incredible  even  from  a  victim 
under  the  scourge.  But  in  his  protest 
against  critical  asperities  Wordsworth 
overlooked  more  than  one  cause  of 
M  **  retainer;*     He  did  not  suffi- 


ciently take  into  account  that  if  he 
were  not  exactly  a  hardy  eipeii- 
mentalist  he  was  at  least  commencing 
a  very  sweeping  reform  in  poetry. 
Since  the  last  chords  of  Milton  s  harp 
had  sounded,  poetry  had  been  too 
much  the  creature  oi  books  and  arti- 
ficial life.  Among  Wordsworth's  owii 
contemporaries  it  had  assumed  new 
vigour  and  alacrity,  but  ft  was  a  dra- 
matic energy  with  Which  for  the  most 
part  he  had  little  sympathy.  In  the 
applause  which  he  bestows  upon  his 
successor  in  the  laureateship,  he  dis- 
closes unconsciously  the  secret  of  his 
own  early  unpopularity.  "  Tennyson," 
he  writed  in  i845,  *^  is  decidedly  the 
first  of  our  living  poets.  You  will 
be  pleased  to  hear  tnat  he  expressed 
in  the  strongest  terms  his  gratitude  to 
my  writings.  To  this  I  was  far  from 
indifferent,  though  persuaded  that  he 
is  not  much  in  sjrmpathy  with  what  I 
should  myself  most  value  in  my  at- 
tempts, VIZ.  the  Spirituality  with  which 
I  have  endeavoured  to  invest  the  mate- 
rial universe,  and  the  moral  relations 
under  which  I  have  wished  to  exhibit 
its  most  ordinary  appearances.**  Now 
at  once  to  "  call  upon  the  age  to  quit 
its  clogs,'*  to  withhold  its  admiration 
from  Scott  and  Campbell  and  Byron — 
for  such,  virtually,  was  Wordsworth'cf 
demand — ^was  a  kind  of  poetical  **  stand 
and  deliver,**  for  which  the  said  public 
was  by  no  means  prepared.  And  when 
this  summons  was  followed  Inr  a  re- 
quest to  see  with  Wordsworth's  eyei 
and  to  hear  with  his  ears,  if  people 
aspired  to  any  skill  in  the  moral  inti- 
mations of  nature,  it  is  not  surprising 
that  both  critics  and  readers  turnea 
rd^actory  and  demanded  their  peremp- 
tory monitor's  credentials.  Dr.  WorcW- 
worth  makes  heavy  complaints  of  the 
wrongs  inflicted  upon  his  uncle  by  men 
who  had  never  studied  his  art  widi 
any  earnestness,  and  who  therefore 
had  no  right  to  dictate  to  him.  And  on 
the  heel  of  his  complaints  he  preacher 
a  sermon  to  future  critics.  Warning 
them,  on  the  one  hand,  against  raSn 
judgments,  and  the  "  pensive  public," 
on  the  other,  against  foltowing  such 
false  shepherds.  This  may  be  go6d 
counsel :  but  it  is  of  the  kind  whicK 
will  never  be  acted  upon.  For  to  the 
end  of  poetic  time  the  genuine  poet 
will  not  be  welcomed  with  instanti^ 
neous  acdaxm,  but  rnuit  discipline  Idi^ 


1851.] 


W^iiam  Wordswdrth. 


lil 


Se  to  Us  teaduiiff .  His  triumph  over 
yerse  days  and  ton^pies  is  itne  yerj 
proof  that  his  9)fssion  is  authentic :  ad, 
on  the  contrary,  the  fiicility  of  his 
earlj  progress  is  ffenerallj  a  token 
that  he  is  fashioned  fi>r  the  hpur  and 
not  for  the  ages.  For  has  not  the 
reverend  author  of  "Satan"  passed 
through  more  editions  than  the  '*  Lyri- 
taX  Ballad,"  and  in  one  fourth  of  the 
timeP  And  does  not  "The  Christian 
Year,**  from  causes  independent  of 
poetry,  punter  imj^rpwiops  by  tens, 
Where  "  The  Excursion  counts  them 
bj  units  ? 

Like  so  many  of  his  distinguished 
friends  and  contemporaries,  Words- 
worth's political  opinions  underwent 
in  the  course  of  years  a  considerable 
change.  He  ent-ered  manhood  a  re- 
pubLcan,  and  in  his  senescence  was  a 
strenuous  advocate  pf  Church  and 
State  doctrines,  greatly  to  the  satis- 
faction of  his  nepotal  biographer.  We 
are  however  far  from  convinced  that 
this  revolution  in  sentiment  was  as 
complete  as  the  latter  represents  it. 
Wordsworth,  indeed,  was  opposed  to 
t6e  concession  of  the  Catholic  claims, 
to  the  Reform  Bill,  to  any  large  amount 
of  popular  education,  and  to  the  re- 
lease of  the  manufacturing  interests 
from  their  peculiar  burdens.  But  in 
what  portions  of  his  uncle's  writings 
can  Dr.  Wordsworth  discover  any  ab- 
stract reverence  for  mere  antiquity  in 
institutions,  or  any  particular  sym- 
pathy with  the  higher  classes  of  so- 
ciety ?  The  attempt  indeed  to  prove 
the  total  conversion  of  the  poet  to  the 
faith  of  Oxford  and  the  Carlton  Club 
is  singularly  lame  and  impotent,  al- 
thouffh  to  substantiate  it  the  Doctor 
has  burdened  his  volumes  with  long 
extracts  from  obsolete  pamphlets  by 
his  uncle  about  Cintra,  and  tne  West- 
moreland elections,  and  the  Catholic 
claims.  Neither  these  citations,  how- 
ever, nor  all  the  biographer's  sermon- 
ising, will  persuade  the  public  that 
Wordsworth's  changes  of  opinion  on 
politics,  education,  and  Church  disci- 
pline, were  imiformly  improvements ; 
that,  for  example,  nis  letter  to  Mr. 
Rose  (in  his  second  volume,  p.  190) 
is  conceived  in  a  healthier  and  nobler 
vein  than  his  letter  to  Mr.  Fox  (in 
hj^  first  volume,  p.  166) :  or  that  his 
punphlets  wiU  extract  il^p  stins  of 
ioAy  and  liberal  hopes  for  manxind 


out  of  the  "Prelude"  and  "Sonnets 
to  LibertjjT.**  Such  changes  of  ftfiU- 
ment  are  intelligiUe  enough.  Ardent 
minds  begin  "  in  joy  and  gladness  **  to 
speculate  upon  the  improvement  and 
elevation  of  their  fellbw-men.  Bift 
when  they  set  themselves  earnestly  to 
remove  the  "  time's  abuse,"  they  are 
met,  on  the  one  hand,  by  apathy,  or, 
on  the  other,  by  direct  opposition. 
Some  ruder  plan  of  reform  finds  favour 
with  the  multitude,  and  the  effect  upon 
spirits  of  nobler  mould  is  too  often 
despondency,  an  enforced  acquiescence 
in  unamended  institutions,  or  a  grow- 
ing distaste  for  remedies  proposed. 
Practical  reformers  too  are  mostly  cut 
out  of  sterner  stuff^  than  that  which 
goes  to  the  composition  of  poets  and 
philosophers.  Even  Mackintosh  fal- 
tered Defore,  while  Burke  recoiled 
from,  the  "  rushin^j  mighty  wind  "  that 
winnowed  the  institutions  of  the  last 
and  the  present  century.  In  Words- 
worth's circumstances  there  were  other 
causes  for  indifference  to  progress  and 
for  acouiescence  "  in  the  things  that 
be."  He  was  drinking  deeply  of  the 
calm  with  which  external  nature  and 
contemplation  brood  upon  the  spirit 
of  the  student.    Systematically,  and  in 

rst  of  high  and  holy  thought,  he  had 
ost  secluded  himself  from  the  world. 
Its  ruder  sounds  alone  pierced  the 
loop-holes  of  his  retreat :  the  compen- 
sations which  political  change  brings 
with  it  were  not  presented  to  his  eyes ; 
and  at  the  distance  from  which  he 
sui'veyed  the  conflict  between  the  past 
and  the  present,  he  may  well  have 
mistaken  the  steady  breeze  for  a  howl- 
ing tempest.  In  matters  appertaining 
tp  religion,  a^ain.  Dr.  Wordsworth  is 
too  much  of  the  ritualist  and  the 
schoolman  to  enter  very  cordially  into 
the  poet's  faith  in  the  power  of  the 
human  will  and  intellect — nay,  he  onoe 

foes  very  near  to  tax  his  relative  with 
'elagianisml  In  short,  could  their 
respectivepositions  have  been  reversed, 
and  the  biographer  have  trained  the 
poet  in  the  way  he  would  have  had 
nim  go,  we  might  have  rejoiced  in  the 
"  Ecclesiastical  SoLnets,"  but  we  must 
have  lacked  the  "Lyrical  Ballads," 
and  in  place  of  the  large  and  loity 
'*  ISxcursion  "have  been  favoured  witn 
a  Church  and  State  poem,  which  Ox- 
ford would  ^have  commended,  and  the 
rest  of  the  world  have  8helv^  with 


112 


William  Wordsworth, 


[Aug. 


"Tracts  for  the  Times"  and  "Com- 
mentaries on  the  Apocalypse.** 

We  have  now.  arrived  at  the  plea- 
santer  portion  of  our  task.  Most  re- 
luctantly have  we  differed  from  many 
of  the  opinions  which  Dr.  Wordsworth 
has  thought  fit  to  express  in  these  Me- 
moirs of  his  illustrious  relative.  In 
despite  of  that  difference  however  we 
thank  him  for  the  volumes  before  us. 
He  has  piously,  if  not  always  dis- 
creetly, acted  upon  the  poet*s  wish  to 
be  known  by  his  works  alone,  and  has 
furnished  the  public  with  a  very  use- 
ful commentary  upon  those  works.  Of 
Wordsworth  himself  it  is  scarcely  pos- 
sible to  speak  with  too  much  reve- 
rence. His  integrity  as  a  man,  his 
sincerity  as  an  artist,  his  exemption 
from  the  passions  which  so  oflen  de- 
form, and  from  the  follies  which  so 
often  degrade,  men  of  genius,  his  ho- 
nourable poverty,  his  studious  energy, 
his  almost  scriptural  simplicity  of  life 
and  demeanour,  invest  nim,  perhaps 
beyond  any  poet  of  the  present  cen- 
tury, with  claims  to  the  homage  of  his 
countrymen.  We  have  already  re- 
marked that  the  proper  employment 
of  these  Memoirs  is  to  serve  as  a  run- 
ning commentary  upon  Wordsworth*s 
poems.  We  shall  now  accordingly 
avail  ourselves  of  their  contents  to  il- 
lustrate, so  far  as  our  remaining  space 
permits,  the  character  of  the  poet  by 
extracts  relating  to  his  habits  of  life, 
of  thought,  and  composition. 

The  following  passages  from  Words- 
worth's memoranda  exemplify  the 
structure  of  his  poems. 

Speaking  of  the  poem  "  We  are 
Seven^'  he  says  : — 

*'  This  was  written  at  Alfozden,  in  So- 
mersetshire^  in  the  spriog  of  1798,  under 
circumstances  somewhat  remarkable.  The 
little  girl,  who  is  the  heroine,  I  met  with 
in  the  area  of  Goderich  Castle,  in  the  year 
1793. 

**  I  composed  it  while  walking  in  the 
grove  at  Alfozden.  I  composed  the  last 
stanza  first,  having  begun  with  the  last 
line.  When  it  was  all  but  finished  I 
came  in  and  recited  it  to  Mr.  Coleridge 
and  my  sister,  and  said,  '  A  prefatory 
stanza  must  be  added,  and  I  should  sit 
down  to  our  little  tea-meal  with  greater 
pleasure  if  my  task  was  finished.'  I 
mentioned  in  substance  what  I  wished  to 
be  ezpressed,  and  Coleridge  immediately 
threw  off  the  stanza  thus  : 

A  little  child,  dear  brother  Jem. 
1 


I  objected  to  the  rhyme  '  dear  brother 
Jem,'  as  being  ludicrous  ;  but  we  all  en- 
joyed the  joke  of  hitching  in  our  friend 
James  Tobin's  name,  who  was  familiarly 
called  Jem.  He  was  the  brother  of  the 
dramatist.  The  said  Jem  got  a  sight  of 
the  '  Lyrical  Ballads,'  as  it  was  going  to 
press  at  Bristol,  during  which  time  I  was 
residing  in  that  city.  One  evening  he 
came  to  me  with  a  grave  face,  and  said, 
*  Wordsworth,  I  have  seen  the  volume 
that  Coleridge  and  you  are  about  to  pub- 
lish. There  is  one  poem  in  it  which  I 
earnestly  entreat  you  will  cancel,  for,  if 
published,  it  will  make  you  everlastingly 
ridiculous.'  I  answered  that  I  felt  much 
obliged  by  the  interest  he  took  in  my 
good  name  as  a  writer,  and  begged  to 
know  what  was  the  unfortunate  piece  he 
alluded  to.  He  said  *  It  is  called,  We  are 
Seven.'  <  Nay,'  said  I,  *  that  shall  take 
its  chance,  however  ;  *  and  he  left  me  in 
despair.*' 

The  Idiot  5oy.— Alfoxden,  1798. 

**  The  last  stanza, '  The  cocks  did  crow, 
and  the  moon  did  shine  so  cold,'  was  the 
foundation  of  the  whole.  The  words  were 
reported  to  me  by  my  dear  friend  Thomas 
Poole ;  but  I  have  since  heard  the  same 
reported  of  other  idiots.  Let  me  add, 
that  this  long  poem  was  composed  in  the 
groves  of  Alfozden,  almost  eztempore ; 
not  a  word,  I  believe,  being  corrected, 
though  one  stanza  was  omitted.  I  men- 
tion this  in  gratitude  to  those  happy 
moments,  for,  in  truth,  I  never  wrote 
anything  with  so  much  glee." 

**  Peter  Bell  was  founded  upon  an 
anecdote  which  I  had  read  in  a  newspaper, 
of  an  ass  being  found  hanging  his  head 
over  a  canal,  in  a  wretched  posture.  Upon 
ezamination  a  dead  body  was  found  in  the 
water,  and  proved  to  be  the  body  of  its 
master.  In  the  woods  of  Alfozden  I  used 
to  take  great  delight  in  noticing  the  habits, 
tricks,  and  physiognomy  of  asses  ;  and  I 
have  no  doubt  that  I  was  put  upon  writing 
the  poem  of  *  Peter  Bell '  out  of  liking  for 
the  creature  that  is  so  often  dreadfully 
abused.  The  countenance,  gait,  and  figure 
of  Peter  were  taken  from  a  wild  rover 
with  whom  1  walked  from  Builth,  on  the 
river  Wye,  downwards,  nearly  as  far  as 
the  town  of  Hay.  He  told  me  strange 
stories.  It  has  always  been  a  pleasure  to 
me,  through  life,  to  catch  at  every  oppor- 
tunity that  has  occurred  in  my  rambles 
of  becoming  acquainted  with  this  class  of 
people.  The  number  of  Peter's  wives  was 
taken  from  the  trespasses,  in  this  way,  of 
a  lawless  creature  who  lived  in  the  county 
of  Durham,  and  used  to  be  attended  by 
many  women,  sometimes  not  less  than 
half  a  dosen,   as  disorderly  as  himself; 


1851.] 


William  Wordsworth, 


113 


and  a  story  went  in  the  country,  that  he 
had  heen  heard  to  say  while  they  were 
qoarrelling,  *Why  can't  you  be  quiet, 
there^s  none  so  many  of  you  ?'  Benoni,  or 
the  child  of  sorrow,  I  knew  when  I  was 
a  school-boy.  His  mother  had  been  de- 
serted by  a  gentleman  in  the  neighbour- 
hood, she  herself  being  a  gentlewoman  by 
birth.  The  crescent  moon,  which  makes 
such  a  figure  in  the  prologue,  assumed 
this  character  one  evening  while  I  was 
watching  its  beauty  in  front  of  Alfozden 
House.  The  worship  of  the  Methodists 
or  Ranters  is  often  heard  during  the  still- 
ness of  the  summer  evening,  in  the  country, 
with  affecting  accompaniments  of  rural 
beauty.  In  both  the  psalmody  and  voice 
of  the  preacher  there  is,  not  unfrequently, 
much  solemnity  likely  to  impress  the 
feelings  of  the  rudest  characters  under 
favourable  circumstances.*' 

We  have  mentioned  already  the  sa- 
lutary iniiuenee  which  Miss  Words- 
worth's genius  exercised  upon  her 
brother's  mind.  He  was  scarcely  less 
fortunate  in  the  character  and  sym- 
pathy of  his  brother  John,  a  captain 
m  the  East  India  Company's  service. 
John  Wordsworth  had  been  sent  early 
to  sea,  and  his  education  had  been  the 
common  training  of  nautical  men  fifly 
years  ago.  But  he  was  a  man  of 
earnest  aspirations  for  knowledge  and 
of  the  most  active  and  tender  sensibi- 
lities. Like  their  sister,  he  felt  no 
misgivings  as  to  his  brother's  future 
fame,  and  contributed,  as  far  as  lay  in 
in  bis  power,  to  secure  for  him  the 
exemptions  from  professional  labour 
which  his  devotion  to  the  one  object  of 
poetry  required,  or  was  supposed  to 
require. 

"It  had  been,"  says  his  nephew, 
"  Captain  Wordsworth's  intention," 
afler  one  more  voyage  to  the  East, 
"  to  settle  at  Grasmere,  and  to  devote 
the  surplus  of  his  fortune  (for  he  was 
not  married)  to  his  brother's  use ;  so 
as  to  set  his  mind  entirely  at  rest,  that 
he  might  be  able  to  pursue  his  poetical 
labours  with  undivided  attention." 
But  in  February  1805  this  fair  pros- 
pect was  at  once  destroyed  by  the 
wreck  of  his  ship,  the  Abergavenny 
East-Indiaman,  on  the  shambles  of 
the  Bill  of  Portland.  "  A  few  minutes 
before  the  ship  went  down  Captain 
Wordsworth  was  seen  talking  with 
the  first  mate,  with  apparent  cheer- 
fulness ;  and  he  was  standing  on  the 
hen-coop,  which  is  the    pomt  from 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


which  he  could  overlook  the  whole 
ship,  the  moment  she  went  down, 
dvmg,  as  he  had  lived,  in' the  very 
place  and  point  where  his  duty  sta- 
tioned him."  The  elements  of  the 
•character  of  "Wordsworth's  Happy 
Warrior "  were  many  of  them  taten 
from  this  excellent  brother.  In  1801 
Captain  Wordsworth  thus  wrote  to  a 
friend  respecting  his  brother's  Lyrical 
Ballads. 

<'  I  do  not  think  that  William's  poetry 
will  become  popular  for  some  time  to 
come  ;  it  does  not  suit  the  present  taste. 
I  was  in  company  the  other  evening  with 
a  gentleman  who  had  read  the  '  Cumber- 
land Beggar.'  *  Why,'  says  he,  •  this  is 
very  pretty ;  but  you  may  call  it  anything 
but  poetry.'  The  truth  is,  few  people 
read  poetry ;  they  buy  it  for  the  name, 
read  about  twenty  lines,  the  language  is 
very  fine,  and  they  are  content  with  prais- 
ing the  whole.  Most  of  William's  poetry 
improves  upon  the  second,  third,  or  fourth 
reading.  Now,  people  in  general  are  not 
suflSciently  interested  to  try  a  second 
reading." 

In  another  letter,  from  which  our 
limits  will  not  permit  us  to  extract, 
the  same  prediction  is  repeated  in  even 
stronger  terms.  Captain  Wordsworth's 
love  of  nature,  and  his  study,  during 
his  long  voyages,  of  the  elder  English 
bards,  had  imparted  to  him  a  pre- 
science in  whicn,  at  the  time,  he  had 
few  copartners. 

From  the  following  passage  in  Miss 
Wordsworth's  Journal  we  learn  the 
origin  of  her  brother's  exquisite  poem, 

Sweet  highland  girl,  a  very  shower 
Of  beauty  is  thy  earthly  dower  I  &c. 

"  When  we  were  beginning  to  descend 
the  hill  towards  Loch  Lomond  we  over- 
took two  girls,  who  told  us  we  could  not 
cross  the  ferry  till  evening,  for  the  boat 
was  gone  with  a  number  of  people  to 
church.  One  of  the  girls  was  exceedingly 
beautiful ;  and  the  figures  of  both  of  them, 
in  grey  plaids  falling  to  their  feet,  their 
faces  only  being  uncovered,  excited  our 
attention  before  we  spoke  to  them;  but 
they  answered  us  so  sweetly  that  we  were 
quite  delighted,  at  the  same  time  that  they 
stared  at  us  with  an  ionoccDt  look  of 
wonder.  I  think  I  never  heard  the  Eng- 
lish language  sound  more  sweetly  than 
from  the  mouth  of  the  elder  of  these  girls, 
while  she  stood  at  the  gate  answering  our 
inquiries,  her  face  flushed  with  (he  rain  ; 
her  pronunciation  was  clear  and  distinct, 
without  diflSculty,  yet  slow,  as  if  like  a 


114 


William  Wordsworth. 


[Aug. 


foreign  speech.  They  told  us  that  we 
thight  sit  in  the  ferry-house  till  the  return 
of  the  boat,  went  in  with  us,  and  made  a 
good  fire  as  fast  as  possible  to  dry  our  wet 
clothes.  We  were  glad  to  be  housed  with 
our  feet  upon  a  warm  hearth-stone,  and 
our  attendants  were  so  active  and  good 
btimoured  that  it  was  pleasant  to  have 
to  desire  them  to  do  anything.  The  elder 
made  me  think  of  Peter  Bell's  Highland 
girl:- 

As  light  and  beauteous  as  a  squirrel, 
As  beauteous  and  as  wild." 

In  the  next  extract  we  find  the  ge- 
neiis  of  a  very  important  portion  of 
Wordsworth's  poetry : — 

"  In  the  cottage  of  Town  End,  one  af- 
ternoon in  1801,  my  sister  read  to  me  the 
bonnets  of  Milton.  I  had  long  been  well 
acquainted  with  them,  but  I  was  particu- 
larly struck  on  that  occasion  with  the  dig- 
nified simplicity  and  majestic  harmony 
that  runs  through  most  of  them — in  cha- 
racter  so  totally  different  from  the  Italian, 
and  still  more  so  from  Shakspeare's  fine 
ionnets.  I  took  fire,  if  I  may  be  allowed 
to  say  so,  and  produced  three  sonnets  the 
lame  afternoon,  the  first  I  ever  wrote,  ex- 
oept  an  irregular  one  at  school.  Of  these 
three  the  only  one  I  distinctly  remember 
it  *  I  grieved  for  Bonaparte,'  &c.;  one  of 
the  others  was  never  written  down ;  the 
third,  which  was  I  believe  preserved,  I 
6annot  particularise." 

And  in  a  sentence  or  two  from  a 
letter  of  recollections  of  a  Tour  in 
Italy  in  1837,  addressed  to  the  editor 
by  Wordsworth's  accomplished  friend 
Mr.  H.  C.  Robinson,  we  have  a  glimpse 
of  the  manner  in  which  objects  of  uni- 
versal interest  brought  to  his  mind 
absent  objects  dear  to  him : — 

**  When  we  were  on  that  noble  spot,  the 
amphitheatre  at  Nismes,  I  observed  his 
tfts  fixed  in  a  direction  where  there  was 
the  least  to  be  seen  ;  and,  looking  that 
way,  I  beheld  two  very  young  children  at 
play  with  flowers ;  and  I  overheard  him 
lay  to  himself,  *  Oh  !  you  darlings,  I  wish 
t  could  put  you  in  my  pocket,  and  carry 
jroti  to  Rydal  Mount." 

.  With  one  more  specimen  of  Mr. 
Wordsworth's  "  studies  "  we  must  bring 
this  portion  of  our  extracts  to  a  close — 

"  I  have  been  often  asked,"  writes  Mr. 
Robinson,  in  the  letter  from  which  we 
have  just  cited,  "  whether  Mr.  W.  wrote 
anything  on  the  journey,  and  my  answer 
has  always  been  *  Little  or  nothing.'  Seeds 
were  cast  into  the  earth,  and  they  took 
root  slowly.    This  reminds  me  that  I  once 


was  privy  to  the  conception  of  a  sonnet, 
with  a  distinctness  which  did  not  once 
occur  on  the  longer  Italian  journey.  Thi^ 
was  when  I  accompanied  him  into  the  Isle 
of  Man.  We  had  been  drinking  tea  with 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cookson,  and  left  theoti 
when  the  weathet  was  dull.  Very  soon 
after  leaving  them  we  passed  the  church 
tower  of  Bala  Sala.  The  upper  part  of 
the  tower  had  a  sort  of  frieze  of  yellow 
lichens.  Mr.  W.  pointed  it  out  to  me  and 
said  *  It's  a  perpetual  sunshine.'  I  thought 
no  more  of  it  till  I  read  the  beautifol 
sonnet, 

Broken  in  fortune,  but  in  mind  entire  ; 

and  then  I  exclaimed,  I  was  present  at 
the  conception  of  this  sonnet,  at  least  of 
the  combination  of  thought  out  of  which 
it  arose." 

We  have  already  observed  Words- 
worth's willingness  to  make  his  ovrn 
writings  the  subject  of  discourse  and 
even  piercing  disquisition.  He  was, 
however,  a  generous  and  even  pro- 
found critic  of  the  works  of  others ; 
and  the  following  remarks  are  at  once 
valuable  in  themselves  and  charac- 
teristic of  their  author.  They  are 
selected  from  many  more  of  equal 
worth  which  the  reader  will  find  in 
the  sixty-third  chapter  of  the  second 
volume.  His  observations  upon  Homer 
anticipate  briefly  some  of  the  most 
genial  paragraphs  in  Colonel  Mure's 
recent  nistory  of  Greek  literature. 

"  The  first  book  of  Homer  appears  to 
be  independent  of  the  rest.  The  character 
of  Achilles  seems  to  me  one  of  the  grandest 
ever  conceived.  There  is  something  awful 
in  it,  particularly  in  the  circumstance  of 
his  acting  under  an  abiding  foresight  of 
his  own  death.  One  day,  conversing  with 
Payne  Knight  and  Uvedale  Price  concern- 
ing Homer,  I  expressed  my  admiration  of 
Nestor's  speech,  as  eminently  natural, 
where  he  tells  the  Greek  leaders  that  they 
are  mere  children  in  comparison  with  the 
heroes  of  old  whom  he  had  known.  '  But,* 
said  Knight  and  Price,  *that  passage  is 
spurious  1'  However,  I  will  not  part  with 
it,  it  is  interesting  to  compare  the  same 
characters  (Ajax,  for  instance)  as  treated 
by  Homer,  and  then  afterwards  by  the 
Greek  dramatists,  and  to  mark  the  dif- 
ference of  handling.  In  the  plays  of 
Euripides,  politics  come  in  as  a  disturbing 
force ;  Homer's  characters  act  on  physical 
impulse.  I  admire  Virgil's  high  moral 
tone ;  for  instance,  that  sublime  *  Aude, 
hospes,  contemnere  opes,'  &c.  and  '  His 
dan tem  jura  Catonem ! '  What  courage  and 
independence  of  spirit  ia  there !    Ther^  U 


1851.] 


WUliam  Worchworth, 


115 


O0^^^°ff  ^0^  ioiagioative  and  awful  than 
the  passage 

Arcades  ipsum 
Credunt  se  vidisse  Jovem/'  &c. 

y  In  describing  the  weight  of  sorrow 
and  fear  on  Dido's  mind,  Virgil  shews 
great  knowledge  of  human  nature,  es- 
|>ecially  in  that  exquisite  touch  of  feeling. 

Hoc  visum  nullii  non  ipsi  effata  sorori." 

**  The  ministry  of  confession  is  pro- 
vided to  satisfy  the  natural  desire  for  some 
relief  from  the  load  of  grief.  Here,  as  in 
so  many  other  respects,  the  Church  of 
Rome  adapts  herself  with  consummate 
skill  to  our  nature,  and  is  strong  by  our 
weakness/' 

"  I  cannot  account  for  Shakspeare*s 
low  estimate  of  his  own  writings,  except 
from  the  sublimity,  the  super-humanity, 
of  his  genius.  They  were  infinitely  below 
his  conception  of  what  they  might  have 
been  and  ought  to  have  been.'* 

'*  The  mind  often  does  not  think  when 
it  thinks  that  it  is  thinking.  If  we  were 
to  give  our  whole  soul  to  anything,  as  the 
bee  does  to  the  flower,  I  conceive  there 
would  be  little  difficulty  in  any  intellectual 
employment.  Hence  there  is  no  excuse 
for  obscurity  in  writing." 

"  One  of  the  noblest  things  in  Milton  is 
the  description  of  that  sweet  quiet  morn- 
ing in  the  '  Paradise  Regained,'  after  that 
terrible  night  of  howling  wind  and  storm. 
The  contrast  is  divine." 

"  The  works  of  the  old  English  dra- 
matists are  the  gardens  of  our  language." 

"  The  influence  of  Locke's  Essay  was 
not  due  to  its  own  merits,  which  are  con- 
•iderable ;  but  to  external  circumstances. 
It  came  forth  at  a  happy  opportunity,  and 
coincided  with  the  prevalent  opinions  of 
the  time.  The  Jesuit  doctrines  concern- 
ing the  Papal  power  in  deposing  kings, 
and  absolving  subjects  from  their  allegiance, 
had  driven  some  Protestant  theologians 
to  take  refuge  in  the  theory  of  the  divine 
right  of  kings.  This  theory  was  un- 
palatable to  the  world  at  large,  and  others 
invented  the  more  popular  doctrine  of  a 
social  contract  in  its  place ;  a  doctrine 
which  history  refutes.  But  Locke  did  what 
be  could  to  accommodate  this  principle  to 
bis  own  system." 

"  The  Tragedy  of  Othello,  Plato's  re- 
cords of  the  last  scenes  of  the  career  of 
Socrates,  and  Isaac  Walton's  Life  of 
George  Herbert,  are  the  most  pathetic  of 
haman  compositions.'^ 

The  biographical  details  of  these 
▼olumes  are  so  few  in  number  and  so 
little  varied  in  character  that  we  have 
not  attempted  to  abridge  them,  and  in 
the  foregoing  remarks    have    nearly 


confined  ourselves  to  the  considera- 
tion of  the  memoir  as  a  commentary 
oa  the  works  of  Wordsworth.  A  few 
changes  of  abode,  frequent  wanderiogg 
in  Great  Britain,  occasional  tours  on 
the  continent,  a  ceaseless  round  of 
study  in  the  open  air,  and  reading  the 
best  books  at  home,  fkmily  duties  and 
pleasures,  the  cultivation  and  improve- 
ment of  his  plot  of  ground  at  Kydal 
Mount,  and  the  society  of  wise  and 
good  men,  compose  tue  simple  yet 
noble  annals  of  the  self-sustained  and 
art-devoted  poet.  His  honours  ac- 
cumulated with  increase  of  age ;  and 
it  was  no  ordinary  addition  to  the 
claims  of  the  late  Sir  Robert  Peel  to 
his  country's  gratitude  that  he  was 
mainly  instrumental  in  procuring  for 
Southey  his  second  and  larger  pen- 
sion, and  for  Wordsworth  the  laureate 
wreath  as  the  visible  crown  and  con- 
summation of  the  "unfading  bays"  he 
had  already  earned  for  himself  Dr. 
Wordsworth's  memoirs  of  his  relative 
are  sufficient  for  immediate  purposes  ; 
with  some  defects,  which  we  have 
freely  exposed,  they  present  us  with  a 
faithful  outline  of  their  original.  But 
the  lives  of  both  Southey  and  Words- 
worth remain  to  be  written,  and,  per- 
haps, cannot  be  written  satisfactorily 
until  a  generation  or  two  shall  have 
passed  away.  We  will  conclude  our 
account  of  the  volumes  before  us  wit|i 
Wordsworth's  touching  reflections,  in 
a  letter  to  an  American  correspondent, 
upon  his  own  survivorship  among  th$ 
poets  of  his  generation. 

''My  absence  from  home  was  not  of 
more  than  three  weeks.  I  took  the  joum^ 
to  London  solely  to  pay  my  respects  to 
the  Queen  upon  my  appointment  to  the 
laureateship  upon  the  decease  of  my  friend 
Mr.  Southey.  The  weather  was  very  col(i^ 
and  I  caught  an  inflammation  in  one  of 
my  eyes,  which  rendered  my  stay  in  the 
south  very  uncomfortable.  I  nevertheless 
did,  in  respect  to  the  object  of  my  journey, 
all  that  was  required.  The  reception 
given  me  by  the  Queen  at  her  ball  was 
most  gracious.  Mrs.  Everett,  the  wife  of 
your  minister,  among  many  others,  was  a 
witness  to  it,  without  knowing  who  I  was. 
It  moved  her  to  the  shedding  of  tears. 
This  effect  was  in  part  produced,  I  suppose, 
by  American  habits  of  feeling,  as  pertaining 
to  a  rei^ublican  government.  To  see  a 
gray-haired  man  of  seventy-five  years  of 
age  kneeling  down  in  a  large  assembly  to 
kiss  the  hand  of  a  young  woman  is  a 


116 


Letter  qfJBossuet  respecting  the  Death  of 


[Aug. 


sight  for  which  institutions  essentially 
democratic  do  not  prepare  a  spectator  of 
either  sex,  and  most  naturally  place  the 
opinions  upon  which  a  republic  is  founded, 
and  the  sentiments  which  support  it,  in 
strong  contrast  with  a  government  based 
and  upheld  as  ours  is.  I  am  not,  there- 
fore, surprised  that  Mrs.  Everett  was 
moved,  as  she  herself  described  to  persons 
of  my  acquaintance,  among  others  to  Mr. 
Rogers  the  poet.  By  the  by,  of  this  gentle- 
man, now,  I  believe,  in  his  eightythird 
year,  1  saw  more  than  of  any  other  person 
except  my  host,  Mr.  Moxon,  while  I  was 
in  LfOndon.  He  is  singularly  fresh  and 
strong  for  his  years,  and  his  mental  facul- 
ties ^with  the  exception  of  his  memory  a 
little),  not  at  all  impaired.  It  is  remark' 
able  that  he  and  the  Rev.  W.  Bowles 
were  both  distinguished  as  poets  when  I 
was  a  schooUboy,  and  they  have  survived 
almost  all  their  eminent  contemporaries. 


several  of  whom  came  into  notice  long 
after  them.  Since  they  became  known 
Burns,  Cowper,  Mason,  the  author  of 
'  Caractacus '  and  friend  of  Gray,  have 
died.  Thomas  Warton,  laureate,  tl^en 
Byron,  Shelley,  Keats,  and,  a  good  deal 
later,  Scott,  Coleridge,  Crabbe,  Southey, 
Lamb,  the  Ettrick  shepherd,  Gary,  the 
translator  of  Dante,  Crowe,  the  author  of 
Lewesdon  Hill,  and  others  of  more  or  less 
distinction,  have  disappeared.  And  now, 
of  English  poets  advanced  in  life,  1  cannot 
recall  any  but  James  Montgomery,  Thomas 
Moore,  and  myself  who  are  living,  except 
the  octogenarian  with  whom  I  began." 

The  list  of  eminent  departed  con- 
temporary poets  would  have  been  com- 
plete if  the  name  of  Felicia  Remans 
had  not  escaped  for  the  moment  the 
recollection  of  the  venerable  survivor. 


LETTER  OF  BOSSUET  RESPECTING  THE  DEATH  OF  HENRIETTA 
ANNE,  DUCHESS  OF  ORLEANS,  YOUNGEST  DAUGHTER  OF 
CHARLES  I. 


HENjRIETTA,  Duchess  of  Orleans, 
equally  illustrious  for  beauty,  wit,  and 
noble  descent,  died  suddenly,  and  with 
terrible  bodily  suffering,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-six,  on  the  SOth  June,  1670. 
She  was  born  at  Exeter  on  the  1 6th 
June,  1644.  During  the  month  of 
May,  1670,  she  visited  England,  and 
passed  a  fortnight  with  her  brother 
Charles  II.  at  Dover.  By  the  in- 
fluence of  her  talent  and  her  beauty, 
and  perhaps  even  still  more  by  that 
of  the  "  baoy-face,"  as  Evelyn  terms 
it,  of  her  attendant,  Louise  de  Que- 
rouaille,  aflerwards  Duchess  of  Ports- 
mouth, she  linked  her  susceptible 
brother  and  his  unfortunate  kingdom 
to  France  and  French  interests,  and, 
parting  from  him  early  in  June,  the 
admired  of  two  great  nations,  was,  in 
three  weeks  afterwards,  suddenly  num- 
bered with  the  dead.  AVell  mi^ht 
Bossuet  find  in  such  a  striking  display 
of  the  uncertainty  of  life  a  theme  for 
one  of  the  noblest  efforts  of  his  elo- 
quence. 

All  the  world  believed  that  she  died 
by  poison,  administered,  as  was  sus- 
pected, by  order  of  her  husband,  in  a 
glass  of  succory,  or,  as  we  now  term  it, 
chicory-water.  She  herself  believed 
that  she  was  poisoned.    The  English 


ambassador,  Montagu,  aflerwards  the 
Duke  of  that  name,  writing  home  to 
Charles  II.  says,  "  I  asked  her  then  if 
she  believed  herself  poisoned.  Her 
confessor  that  was  by,  understood  that 
word,  and  told  her,  *  Madam,  you  must 
accuse  nobody,  but  offer  up  your  death 
to  God  as  a  sacrifice.*  So  she  would 
never  answer  me  that  question,  though 
I  asked  several  times,  out  would  only 
shrink  up  her  shoulders."  What  was 
thought  and  written  upon  the  subject 
by  John  Wilmot,  Earl  of  Rochester, 
in  a  letter  to  his  wife,  may  be  read  in 
our  Magazine  for  July,  1773,  pp.  324-5, 
and  it  appears  from  Burnet  and  his 
annotators,  that  the  impression  that 
she  was  murdered  by  her  husband  was 
universally  entertained. 

Upon  this  subject  a  letter  was  dis- 
covered a  few  years  ago  in  France, 
which,  we  believe,  has  not  been  made 
known  to  English  historical  readers. 
Written  by  no  less  a  person  than  Bos- 
suet himself,  and  within  a  few  days 
after  her  death,  it  contains  a  clear  ac- 
count of  what  he  saw  of  that  melan- 
choly event.  The  interest  -of  the  in- 
cident is  as  great  in  England  as  in 
France,  and  we  shall  therefore  publish 
the  letter,  subjoining  a  translation,  as 
the  French  is  partly  obsolete. 


1851.] 


Henrietta  Anne,  Duchess  of'  Orleans. 


117 


The  Duchess  was  seized  with  her 
fatal  illness  on  the  evening  of  the  29th 
June,  1670.  Understanding  her  dan- 
cer, she  requested  that  Bossuet  might 
DC  sent  for.  " Let  him  come  instantly," 
she  exclaimed,  "  or  it  will  be  too  late  !'* 
The  result  appears  in  the  following 
letter : — 

**  Juillet,  1670. — Je  crois  que  vous 
aurez  s^eu  qae  je  fas  ^Teille,  la  nuit  da 
dimanche  an  lundy,  par  ordre  de  Monsieur, 
pour  aller  assister  Madame,  qui  estoit  k 
reztr^mit^  k  Saint- Cloud,  et  qui  me  de« 
mandoit  arec  empressement.  Je  la  trouvai 
avec  une  pleine  connoissance,  parlant  et 
faisant  toutes  choses  saus  trouble,  sans 
ostentation,  sans  effort  et  sans  violence, 
mais  si  bien  et  si  k  propos,  avec  tant  de 
courage  et  de  pi^t^,  que  j'en  suis  encore 
hors  de  moi.  EUe  avait  dej^  receu  tous 
lea  sacrements,  meme  1' extreme -onction, 
qn'elle  avoit  demand^e  au  cur^,  qui  luy 
avoit  apport6  le  viatique,  et  qu^elle  pres- 
soit  toujours,  afin  de  les  recevoir  avec 
connoissance.  Je  fus  une  heure  aupr^s 
d'elle,  et  lui  vis  rendre  les  demiers  soopirs 
60  baisant  le  cmcifiz,  qu*elle  tint  k  la  main, 
attach^  k  sa  bouche,  tant  qu'il  luy  resta 
de  force.  Elle  ne  fat  qu^on  moment  sans 
connoissance.  Tout  ce  qu'elle  a  dit  au 
Roy,  k  Monsieur  et  k  tous  ceux  qui  I'en- 
viroDnoient,  estoit  court,  precis  et  d'un 
sentiment  admirable.  Jamais  priocesse  n'a 
^t6  plus  regrettee,  ni  plus  admirce ;  et,  ce 
qui  est  plus  roerveilleux,  est  que,  se  sent- 
ant  frapp^e,  d'abord,  elle  ne  parla  que  de 
Dieu,  sans  t^moigner  le  moindre  regret, 
quoiqu'  elle  s^eust  que  sa  mort  alloit  estre, 
assur^ment,  trds-agr^abie  k  Dieu,  com  me 
sa  Tie  avoit  est^  tres-glorieuse,  par  I'amiti^ 
et  la  confiance  de  deux  grands  rois.  Elle 
s'aida,  autant  qu*elle  put,  en  prenant  tous 
les  rem^des  avec  cceur;  mais  elle  n'a 
jamais  dit  un  mot  de  plainte  de  ce  quails 
n'op^roient  pas,  disant  seulement  qu^il 
/alloit  mourir  dans  les  formes. 

<'  On  a  ouvert  son  corps,  avec  grand 
concours  de  m^icins,  de  chimrgiens  et  de 
toute  sorte  de  gens,  ik  caose  qu'ayant  com- 
mence a  sentir  des  donkurs  extremes  en 
bttvant  trois  gorg^  d'eau  de  chicor^, 
que  lui  donna  la  plus  intime  et  la  plus 
ch^re  de  ses  femmes,  elle  avoit  dit,  d'abord, 
qu*elle  estoit  empoisonn^.  M.  Tambas- 
sadeor  d'Angleterre  et  tous  les  Anglois 
qui  sont  ici,  Tavoient  presque  crti ;  mais 
Touverture  du  corps  fut  uoe  mantfeste 
conviction  du  contraire,  puisqne  Ton  n'y 
trouva  rien  de  sain  que  Pestomac  et  le 
cceur,  qui  sont  les  premieres  parties  atta- 
qu^es  par  le  poison  ;  joint  que  Monsieur, 


qui  avoit  donne  a  boire  a  madame  la 
duchesse  de  Meckelbourg,  qui  s'y  trouva, 
acheva  de  boire  le  reste  de  la  bouteille, 
pour  rassurer  Madame  ;  ce  qui  fut  cause 
que  son  esprit  se  remit  aussitost,  et  qu*elle 
ne  parla  plus  de  poison  que  pour  dire 
qu*elle  avoit  cm  d'abord  estre  empoison" 
iiie  par  meprise ;  ce  sont  les  propres  mots 
qu'elle  dit  a  M.  le  mar^cbal  de  Grammont. 
Je  fus  porter  la  nouvelle  de  la  mort  de 
Madame,  li  Monsieur,  qu'on  avoit  con- 
duit dans  son  cabinet  d'en  has,  malgre 
lui;  et  je  trouvai  ce  prince  enti^rement 
abattu  et  ne  recevant  de  consolation  que 
sur  les  bonnes  dispositions  que  Madame 
avoit  fait  paroistre  en  mourant. 

**  Le  mesme  jour,  je  fus  k  Versailles, 
oh  le  roy,  quoiqn'il  eust  pris  medicine, 
me  commands  d'entrer  aupres  de  lui  et  lui 
raconter  ce  que  j'avois  vu  ;  il  avoit  le 
coeur  serrd  et  lalarme  k  I'oeil,  et  a  trouv^ 
bon  que,  prenant  ^instruction  sur  lui- 
m^me,  dans  un  si  terrible  accident,  je  lui 
fisse  faire  des  reflexions,  telles  qu*un 
homme  de  ma  profession  les  devoit  pro- 
poser en  cette  conjoncture.  M.  le  Prince 
parnt  fort  content  de  ce  que  je  dis,  et  il 
me  dit  que  le  roy  en  estoit  touch^  et  toute  * 
la  cour  ddiffi^e. 

'*  L'on  m'a  apporte  I'ordre  de  Sa  Ma- 
jest^,  pour  I'oraison  fun^bre  a  Saint-Denis, 
dans  trois  semaines. 

"  Avant  hier,  Roze  me  dit  que  cette 
bonne  princesse  ne  s'estoit  suuvenue  que 
de  moi  seul,  et  qu'elle  avait  command/; 
qu^on  me  donnftt  une  bague.  J'ai  depois 
S9eu  qu'elle  en  avoit  donn^  I'ordre,  du- 
rant  un  moment  de  temps,  que  je  me  re- 
tirai  d'aupr^s  d'elle,  m'ayant  demand^  un 
peu  de  repos ;  elle  me  rappela  aussitost, 
sans  me  parler  d*autre  chose  que  de  Dieu 
et  me  disant  qu'elle  alloit  mourir,  et,  en 
effet,  elle  mouruc  aussitost  aprds. 

"  J.  B.  EvEsauE  DE  Condom." 

TRANSLATION. 

**  I  believe  you  are  aware  that  I  was 
awoke  in  the  night  between  Sunday  and 
Monday,  by  order  of  Monsieur,*  that  I 
might  go  to  the  assistance  of  Madame, 
who  was  dying  at  Saint  Cloud  and  ear- 
nestly desired  to  see  me.  I  found  her 
quite  sensible,  speaking  and  doing  all 
kinds  of  things  without  confusion,  osten- 
tation, effort,  or  excitement,  but  all  so 
calmly  and  properly,  with  such  courage 
and  piety,  that  even  yet  the  recollection 
of  it  surprises  me.  She  had  already  re- 
ceived all  the  sacraments,  even  extreme 
unction,  which  she  had  requested  from 
the  parish  priest,  who  had  brought  her 
the  viaticum.     She  had  urged  forward  its 


•  Philip  Duke  of  Orleans,  brother  of  Ix>uif  XIV. 


118 


Letter  ofBossuet. 


[Aug. 


r^eption  that  she  might  partake  of  it 
whilst  entirely  sensible.  {  remained  by 
her  side  an  hour,  and  saw  her  yield  her 
last  breath,  keeping  the  crucifix,  which 
she  held  in  her  hand,  resting  upon  her 
mouth,  as  long  as  any  strength  remained. 
She  was  insensible  only  for  a  single  mo- 
ment.  All  that  she  said  to  the  King,  to 
Monsieur,  and  to  those  who  stood  round 
her  couch  was  brief,  to  the  point,  and  in 
excellent  feeling.  Never  was  princess 
more  regretted  or  more  admired,  and  it 
is  most  remarkable  that  when  she  felt  her- 
self struck  with  death,  from  the  first  she 
spoke  solely  upon  religious  subjects,  with- 
out expressing  the  least  regret,  knowing 
that  her  death  would  assuredly  be  most 
agreeable  to  God,  as  her  life,  distinguished 
by  the  friendship  and  confidence  of  two 
great  monarchs,  had  been  most  glorious. 
She  acquiesced  in  all  the  medical  treat- 
ment, taking  the  prescribed  medicines 
cheerfully,  and  never  uttering  a  word  of 
complaint  that  they  did  not  produce  relief. 
She  merely  remarked  that  she  must  die 
in  the  same  way  as  other  people. 

"  Her  body  has  been  opened,  in  the 
r  presence  of  a  large  concourse  of  physi- 
cians, surgeons,  and  people  of  all  kinds, 
because  having  first  felt  great  agony  im- 
mediately  after  drinkine  three  mouthfuls 
of  succory  water,  handed  to  her  by  the  most 
intimate  and  most  attached  of  her  ladies, 
she  exclaimed,  on  the  instant,  that  she  was 
poisoned.  The  English  ambassador,  and  all 
the  English  people  who  are  here,  almost 
believed  that  it  was  so,  but  the  opening  of 
the  body  gave  clear  proof  to  the  contrary, 
for  the  stomach  and  heart,  which  are  first 
affected  by  poison,  were  the  only  parts  of 
the  body  in  perfect  health  ;  added  to 
which.  Monsieur,  who  had  poured  out  the 
drink  for  Madame,  and  the  Duchess  of 
Mecklenburgh,  who  was  present,  drank 
up  what  remained  in  the  bottle,  in  order 
that  Madame  might  be  convinced.  That 
circumstance  changed  her  mind  immedi- 
ately. She  spoke  no  more  of  poison,  ex- 
cept to  remark,  that  at  first  she  believed 
that  she  had  been  poisoned  by  mistake. 
These  are  the  very  words  which  she  made 
use  of  to  the  Marshal  de  Grammont. 

**  I  had  to  carry  the  news  of  Madame*8 
death  to  Monsieur,  who,  against  hia  own 


inclination,  had  been  persuaded  to  retire 
to  his  study  on  the  lower  floor.  I  found 
the  prince  entirely  overwhelmed,  and  in- 
capable of  receiving  any  consolation,  ex- 
cept from  a  consideration  of  the  excellent 
state  of  mind  in  which  Madame  had  died. 

''  The  same  day  I  went  to  Versailles, 
where  the  king,  although  he  bad  taken 
medicine,  commanded  that  I  should  be 
admitted  to  his  private  chamber  that  I 
might  tell  him  what  I  had  seen.  He  was 
heart-broken,  and  his  eyes  were  full  of 
tears,  and  he  was  pleased  that,  taking 
upon  me  the  oflSce  of  instructor,  t 
should  give  utterance  to  such  reflections 
upon  an  incident  so  terrible  as  a  man  of 
my  profession  ought  to  make  at  such  a 
time.  Monsieur,  the  prince,  seemed  well 
pleased  with  what  I  said,  and  told  me  that 
the  king  was  affected  by  it  and  the  whole 
court  edified. 

**  I  have  received  his  majesty's  com- 
mands to  deliver  the  funeral  oration  at 
St.  Denis  three  weeks  hence. 

**  The  day  before  yesterday  Rore  told 
me  that  this  excellent  princess  had  left 
no  remembrance  to  any  one  save  myself, 
having  commanded  that  I  should  have  a 
ring.  I  have  since  learnt  that  she  gave 
the  order  during  an  instant  that  I  left  her 
bedside,  having  requested  permission  to 
retire  for  a  tittle  rest.  She  called  me 
back  again  in  a  few  moments,  and,  with- 
out uttering  a  word,  except  an  appeal  to 
the  Almighty  and  telling  me  that  she  was 
about  to  die,  she  expired  immediately. 

"  J.  B.  Bishop  de  Condom.'' 

This  letter  occurs  in  the  M4moirefl 
of  Philibert  de  la  Mare,  a  learned  and 
eminent  person,  who  died  on  the  16th 
May,  1687.  Several  of  his  works 
remain  in  MS.  in  the  Biblioth^ne 
Nationale,  and  amongst  them  these 
Memoirs.  The  letter  having  been 
referred  to,  although  inaccurately,  by 
the  abb6  Papillon  m  hb  BihUothhquf 
des  Autews  ae  Bourgogne  (fol.  1727,  i. 
63),  it  was  searched  for  by  Mons.  A. 
iloquet,  an  eminent  French  antiquary, 
and  by  him  communicated  to  the 
Bibhotkiaue  de  VEcole  des  Ckartes^ 
voi.  I.  2na  Series,  p,  174.  B. 


119 


CURIOSITIES  OF  THE  OLD  CHURCH  CANONS. 

No.  11. 

OuMnisto  and  tht  Law  of  Marriag^e— MatrimoDial  liisabilities— Slarery  and  Manria^fo— Marriagt 
FfttiYitief— Preyaknce  of  Slavery  in  England  and  Spain— Efforts  of  the  Charch  to  dimlnUtk 
SlAYeiy— Tb«  Charcll  and  the  Jews— Horse-flesh,  Pag^anism,  Superstition,  and  Soretr]^- 
Sortes  Sanctorum— An  Eccentric  Heretic— The  Ithacians— Ascetism. 


A  LARGE  pottion  of  the  canoti 
law  as  enacted  by  the  variotis  councils 
relates,  as  has  been  observed,  to  the 
subject  of  marriage.  It  has  always 
been  a  favourite  topic  with  the  canon- 
ists, who  have  treated  it,  for  the  most 
jMirt,  in  a  spirit  that  is  neither  credit- 
able to  their  sense  of  decency  nor 
consistent  with  their  professions  of 
moralitv.  This  criticism,  however,  is 
due  ratlier  to  the  gloss  than  the  text, 
for  the  canons  themselves  are  ob- 
noxiotis  to  no  such  objections  as  their 
commentators. 

It  is  curious  to  observe  to  what 
singular  regulations  the  policy  of  the 
Bbman  Church,  in  requiring  strict 
celibacy  of  its  ministers,  gave  rise. 
When  a  married  man — and  the  thing 
Wai  not  unfrequent  in  earlier  times* — 
was  ordained  priest,  or  deacon,  or  sub- 
deacon,  or  assumed  the  habit  and  en- 
tered a  house  of  one  of  the  regular 
orders,  he  separated  himself  from  his 
wife;  the  tonsure  was  the  sign  and 
token  of  an  absolute  divorce,  and  to 
all  intents  and  purposes  he  forfeited 
his  marital  rights.  But  his  wife  was 
forbidden  to  marry,  although  she  had 
no  longer  a  husband,  nor  could  she 
marry  even  afler  his  death.  (CC. 
Rome,  721—744,  vi.  p.  1455— 1546.)t 
A  husband  also  who  had  allowed  his 
wife  to  take  the  veil  was  in  like  manner 
not  suffered  again  to  marry  (C.  Ver- 
beric,  753,  vi.  (>.  1656),  although,  in- 
deed, it  is  not  quite  certain  whether 
her  death  would  not  relieve  him  from 
this  disability.    A  Council  of  Toledo 


(683,  vi.  p.  1253),  prohibited  queens 
consort  to  contract,  afler  their  hus- 
bands* death,  a  second  marriage,  eveh 
with  persons  of  kingly  birth ;  and  a 
subsequent  council  (Saragossa,  69 1, 
vi.  p.  1311),  enjoined  them  at  once  to 
enter  a  religious  order,  and  thereby 
protect  themselves  from  the  slights  and 
the  disrespect  which  their  altered  coil- 
ditiou  would  otherwise  entail  on  theldh. 
Perhaps  it  is  not  generally  known 
that  until  the CoUncilof  Trent (15641, 
which  abolished  many  such  matri- 
monial impediments,  a  godparent  was 
prohibited  to  marry  his  or  her  god- 


ministered  by  the  laity\  under  anv 
circumstances,  marry  the  person  so 
baptised.  Our  fkir  readers  will  re- 
joice that  their  lot  has  been  cast  in 
the  nineteenth  rather  than  the  ninth 
century,  when  they  learn  that  by  the 
Council  of  Paris,  held  829  (vii.  p. 
1590\  it  was  decreed  that  no  woman 
should  marry  until  thirty  days  after 
her  husband  s  death,  nor  until  that 
time  had  elapsed  could  she  even  take 
the  veil.  They  understand  these  affairs 
better  in  Paris  now-a-days.  They 
have  shuffled  off  the  evil  of  middle- 
age  ignorance,  and  released  the  widow 
from  the  operation  of  all  such  barbarous 
le^lation. 

xhe  reasonable  causes  of  divorce,  as 
enumerated  in  the  Council  of  Verberic 
(753),  afford  striking  illustrations  of 
the  manners  of  the  age.  J     If  a  man*s 


*  The  seventh  Canon  of  the  first  council  of  Toledo,  400  (ii.  p.  1223),  authorises 
clerks  whose  wives  do  not  lead  (what  they  consider)  decorous  lives  to  bind  them  or 
shut  them  up  and  make  them  fast.  Perpetual  imprisonment  was  a  somewhat  heavy 
punishment  for  a  little  innocent  flirting,  or  an  irresistible  inclination  to  unlimited  loo  ! 

t  The  volume  and  page  figures  refer  to  the  great  collection  of  the  Canons  edited  by 
Labbe  and  Cossart.     Paris,  1671. 

t  The  Hungarian  fathers  were  severe  upon  matrimonial  infidelity.  When  a  womati 
had  thrice  deserted  her  husband  she  was,  if  of  noble  birth,  to  be  put  to  penance  and 
never  again  to  be  restored  to  him  ;  if  of  low  origin  she  was  to  be  sold  as  a  slave.  A  liMt 
punishment  attached  to  a  husband  who  falsely  slandered  his  wife*s  virtue  or  deserted 
her  through  mere  dislike.  In  this  lutter  case  the  wife  had  liberty  to  choose  another 
hoslNuid.    (C.  StrlgooU  or  Qraoi  1114.) 


120 


Curiosities  of  the  Old  Church  Canons, 


[Aug. 


wife  plots  against  his  life  he  may  put 
her  away  and  marry  another ;  whoever 
shall  marry  a  slave,  under  the  im- 
pression that  she  is  free,  may  also 
marry  again ;  married  slaves  who  may 
chance  to  be  sold  to  different  masters, 
although  there  be  no  probability  of 
their  ever  meeting  again,  are  not 
thereby  released  from  their  marriage 
tie ;  when  a  man  from  circumstances 
quits  his  home  and  settles  elsewhere, 
and  his  wife,  from  affection  to  her 
country,  kindred,  or  wealth,  declines 
to  accompany  him  in  his  migration, 
he  is  at  liberty  to  take  unto  himself 
another  wife,  and  his  stay-behind 
madam  must,  as  best  she  can,  manage 
without  a  husband.  How  far  this  is 
equitable  let  the  ladies  judge. 

The  Council  of  Vannes  (465,  iv.  p. 
1054),  absolutelv  forbids  all  persons 
in  orders  attendmg  any  marriage  fes- 
tivities at  which  love  songs  were  sung;* 
but  the  fathers  at  Constantinople  in 
691  (vi.  p.  1124),  are  less  severe  in 
their  prohibition,  permitting  spiritual 
persons  to  be  present  at  such  enter- 
tainments, but  enjoining  them  "to  rise 
and  go  away  before  anything  ridiculous 
is  introduced."  What  this  may  mean 
it  is  not  easy  to  pronounce — it  might 
have  been  slippmg  crumbs  of  cake 
through  the  bridal  ring — or  a  prosy 
speech  from  the  bride's  father — or  the 
giggling  of  black-eyed  bridesmaids — 
or  kissing  the  bride — or  anything  else. 
JEn  passant  it  may  be  observed  that 
the  popular  music  of  the  "marrow- 
bone and  cleaver,"  which  is  still  fa- 
miliar to  London  streets,  was  appa- 
rently not  imknown  in  the  fifleenth 
century,  the  council  of  Angers  (1448, 
xiii.  p.  1352)  having  distinctly  de- 
nounced "  the  silly  tumult  and  noise 
made  in  derision  when  any  one  mar- 
ries a  second  or  third  time,t  com- 
monly called  Charivari^  This  was  the 
"  marrow  bone  and  cleaver,"  without 
a  shadow  of  doubt.    We  do  not  recol- 


lect in  the  course  of  our  canonist 
studies  a  piece  of  legislation  conceived 
in  a  more  considerate  spirit  than  this 
canon  of  the  wise  conclave  of  "  the 
black  city  "  of  the  Loire. 

From  the  state  of  husband  and  wife 
we  proceed  to  consider  that  of  master 
and  serf,  as  understood  in  mediaeval 
times. 

We  learn  from  the  Council  of  Water- 
ford  (about  1158,  X.  p.  1183,)  that  the 
English  were  in  the  habit  of  selling 
their  children  as  slaves  to  the  Irish, 
and  this  not  from  the  pressure  of  ex- 
treme want,  but  from  sheer  cupidity. 
The  council  directed  that  all  the  Eng- 
lish slaves  throughout  the  country 
should  be  forthwith  emancipated,  in 
order  to  avert  the  expected  manifesta- 
tion of  the  Divine  wrath.  The  Coun- 
cil of  Armagh  (1171),  which  by  some 
writers  is  supposed  to  be  the  same  as 
the  last  mentioned,  published  a  similar 
decree,  and,  moreover,  acknowledged 
the  political  subordination  of  Ireland 
to  England.  In  fact,  in  days  of  old, 
England  seems  to  have  been  the  hot- 
bed of  slavery.  No  where  did  that 
atrocious  vice  flourish  with  greater 
luxuriance.  The  Council  of  Eanham 
(Ensham,  Oxon),  held  about  1009  (ix. 
789),  forbade  the  selling  of  Christians 
into  a  foreign  land;  the  Council  of 
Westminster  (1 102,  Johnson  Can.)  de- 
nounced those  who  sell  men  like  beasts, 
"  as  had  hitherto  been  done  in  Eng- 
land ; "  and  the  Council  of  Habam 
(1014,  ix.  p.807,)  anathematizes  all  such 
as  were  guilty  of  so  grievous  a  sin.  Pur- 
suing the  same  poncy,  the  Council  of 
Valladolid  (1322,  xi.  p.  1682,)  excom- 
municated those  who  sold  men  and 
bartered  them  away  as  slaves  to  the 
Saracens.  These  enactments  all  be- 
speak the  frequency  of  the  practices 
against  which  they  were  directed,  and 
the  impossibility  of  restraining  them 
by  the  provisions  of  mere  temporal 
legislation. 


*  There  was  perhaps  some  prudeuce  in  this  provision,  as  also  in  that  of  the  Council 
of  Wyaco  (1050,  ix.  p.  1063),  which  required  that  no  priest  should  have  any  woman  in 
his  house  except  bis  mother  or  aunt  or  sister  or  some  woman  of  approved  character, 
and  that  even  these  should  always  be  attired  from  top  to  toe  only  in  black.  It  was, 
besides,  considered  that  a  participation  in  convivial  entertainments  was  scarcely  befitting 
the  character  of  grave  ecclesiatics,  and  accordingly  in  the  Council  of  Westminster 
(1102)  priests  are  forbidden  to  go  to  drinking  boats  or  to  drink  to  pegs,** — an  allosion 
to  peg- tankards,  now  well  understood. 

t  It  would  appear  from  the   first  canon  of  the  Council  of  Cashel  (1171)  that 
polygamy  was  general  amongst  the  Irish  in  the  latter  part  of  the  twelfth  century. 
2 


1851.] 


Curiosities  of  the  Old  Church  Canons. 


121 


In  the  age  of  darkness  and  i^orance 
it  was  the  Church  that  raised  her 
voice,  and  not  without  success,  on  foe- 
half  of  suffering  humanity,  and  if  she 
did  not  rise  to  the  height  of  the  great 
argument  which  establishes  man*s 
native  risht  to  personal  freedom,  she 
at  least  Tightened  the  chains  of  his 
bondage,  and  oflen  opened  for  him 
the  prison  door  of  his  thraldom.  It 
was  to  the  temples  of  religion  that  the 
scourged  and  lacerated  serf  fled  for 
refuge  from  the  cruelty  of  an  inhuman 
master.  The  Council  of  Orleans  (511, 
iv.  p.  1403,)  ordained  that  whenever 
a  slave  sought  sanctuary  in  a  church 
he  was  not  to  be  surrendered  up  to 
his  master  should  a  demand  for  his 
extradition  be  made,  unless  this  latter 
would  solemnly  pledge  himself  to  do 
him  no  harm.  Such  of  the  clergy  as 
ill-used  their  slaves  that  had  sought 
an  asylum  in  a  church  were  to  be 
deprived  of  their  rank — this  canon  is 
that  of  the  Council  of  Lerida  in  524 
(iv.  p.  1610) — until  they  had  done 
penance.  The  priest  must  not  minister 
at  the  altar  of  mercy  who  had  been 
himself  ministering  to  his  own  evU 
passions.  The  Church,  it  will  be  seen, 
had  slaves  of  its  own,  and  it  was  not 
unusual,  when  a  master  had  traced 
his  fugitive  serf  to  a  church  sanctuary, 
where  protection,  though  of  a  limited 
kind,  was  afforded  him,  out  of  revenge 
himself  to  seize  the  slaves  of  that  church 
as  a  recompense  for  his  own  loss,  and 
this,  although  by  so  doing  he  incurred 
the  penalty  of  excommunication.  (C. 
Orange,  441,  iii.  p.  1446.)  It  may  be 
presumed  that  the  slaves  owned  by 
the  Church  were  in  their  social  con- 
dition more  fortunate  than  those  that 
were  the  property  of  lay  individuals. 
Indeed  the  prohibition  to  confer  de- 

frees  on  them  unless  they  had  first 
een  emancipated  by  the  bishop  (Q, 
Toledo,  653,  vi.p.  45 1 ,)  invites  the  belief 
they  were  not  m  all  cases  destitute  of 
literary    acquirements — a    belief  fa- 


voured by  the  further  prohibition  to 
admit  slaves  of  any  kind  to  holy  orders 
without  the  consent  of  their  masters 
(C.  Orleans,  549,  v.  p.  390,)  which  lat- 
ter prohibition  was  repeated  by  a  much 
later  council  (C.  Meld,  1089,  x.p.  476,) 
without  however  the  qualifymg  ex- 
ception. In  Ireland,  in  the  middle  of 
the  fifth  century,  the  state  of  slavery 
was  esteemed  no  ways  incompatible 
with  the  duties  of  the  priesthood,  for 
there  is  a  canon  extant  (456)  requiring 
all  clerks  not  being  slaves  to  be  pre- 
sent dav  and  night  at  the  holy  office. 
It  may  here  be  remarked  that.,  although 
the  Council  of  Gangra  (the  metropofis 
of  Faphlagonia,  between  325  and  380, 
ii.  p.  413,)  in  condemning  the  errors 
of  Eustathius  of  Sebasti,  a  pretended 
ascetic,  anathematized  those  who  taught 
that  slaves  might  quit  their  masters 
under  pretence  of  religion,  yet  to  libe- 
rate slaves  was  always  accounted  by 
the  Church  an  act  pious  and  merito- 
rious.* Thus  it  is  directed  by  the 
Council  of  Cealchythe  (perhaps  Kel- 
cheth  in  Lancashire — 816,  vi.  p.  1861,) 
that,  on  the  death  of  a  bishop,  all  hu 
English  slaves  should  be  set  free,  and 
that  each  of  certain  prelates  and 
abbots  should  set  free  three  slaves, 
and  bestow  on  each  of  them  three  shil- 
lings.t 

When  we  remember  the  jealousy 
and  dislike  with  which,  during  the 
middle  ages,  the  Jews  were  universally 
regarded  by  all  Christian  populations, 
and  this,  not  simply  for  their  religious 
creed,  or  their  presumed  and  indeed 
real  usurious  tendencies,  we  shall  not 
be  surprised  to  read  that  at  the  end 
of  the  seventh  century  (a.d.  694)  a 
council  in  Toledo  (vi.  p.  1361)  directed 
that  such  Jews  as  had  engaged  in  an 
insurrection  against  the  royal  autho- 
rity should  be  sold  into  slavery,  and 
all  their  property  confiscated.  But  the 
canonical  legislation  in  reference  to 
the  Jews,  if  not  conceived  in  an  en- 
larged or  liberal  spirit,  is  much  less 


*  If  a  freeman  gave  his  sIetc  meat  to  eat  on  a  fast  day,  the  slave  was  held  ipso  facto 
emancipated.     C.  Berghamsted,  y'u  p.  1576. 

t  It  may  be  permitted  here  to  remark,  although  the  remark  has  no  direct  relevancy 
to  the  matter  in  the  text,  that  Sunday  Schools,  which  are  generally  supposed  to  be 
institutions  owing  their  origin  wholly  to  Protestant  benevolence,  were  ordered  to  be 
established  by  the  Council  of  Malines  in  1570,  (xv.  p.  789)  for  the  instruction,  as  it  is 
stated,  of  those  who  are  hindered  by  their  worldly  avocations  from  attending  schools 
on  any  other  day.  It  was  permitted  to  hold  them  in  churches  should  no  more  fitting 
place  be  found. 

Gbkt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVl.  R 


122 


Curiosities  of  the  Old  Church  Canons* 


[Aug. 


intolerant  than  one  would  be  apt  to 
suppose.  For  example,  it  is  pleasing 
to  learn  that  the  Council  of  Tours 
(1236,  x\,  p.  503,)  prohibited  the  Cru- 
saders and  other  Christians  killing, 
injuring,  plundering,  or  in  any  way 
ill-using  this  persecuted  race.  The 
consideration  of  the  humanity  of  this 
provision — the  very  fact  of  its  exist- 
ence discovers  pretty  plainly  which  way 
the  current  of  popular  feeling  set  at  the 
time,  and  reconciles  us  to  the  mjunction 
(C.  Macon,  584,  v.  p.  960)  that  the 
Jews  should  stay  in  tneir  houses  from 
Maundy  Thursday  to  Easter  Monday 
— by  the  by,  the  Council  of  Avignon 
(1594,  XV.  p.  1434)  limits  their  seclu- 
sion to  Easter  Eve  and  Easter  Day — 
that  they  should  keep  no  Christian 
servants  (C.  Strigonia,  1 1 14),  nor  act  as 
judges  between  Christians.  The  Coun- 
cil of  Lateran  (1215,  xi.  p.  117),  after 
a  canon  against  their  excessive  usu- 
ries, enacted  another  canon  excluding 
them,  together  with  the  Saracens,  from 
all  public  offices,  and  directed  'that 
both  should  wear  a  peculiar  and  dis- 
tinguishing kind  of  oress,  furthermore 
desiring  that  princes  would  use  all 
available  means  to  prevent  the  utter- 
ance of  blasphemies.  The  peculiar 
kind  of  dress  enjoined  included  the 
figure  of  a  wheel  carried  on  the  breast, 
and  this  symbol  of  their  faith  is  re- 
quired by  a  variety  of  councils,  one  of 
which,  in  addition,  forbids  their  work- 
ing on  Sundays  or  festivals,  and  orders 
them  yearly  to  pay  at  Easter  a  certain 
sum  as  an  offering  to  the  parish  church. 
They  were,  moreover,  forbidden  to 
sing  psalms  whilst  carrying  their  dead 
to  the  grave.  (C.  Narbonne,  589,  v. 
p.  1027.)  The  fact  that  the  Jews  are 
not  a  proselytising  people  renders  it 
difficult  to  attribute  to  any,  except 
to  the  coarsest  and  vulgarest  preju- 
dices, the  canon  (C.  Pont-Andemar, 
1279,  xi.  p.  1144,)  which  prohibits 
Christians  to  dwell  with  Jews. 

It  was  not  against  Judaism  but 
against  Paganism,  and  the  corruptions 
of  Christianity,  that  the  Church  m  the 
middle  ages  had  really  to  wage  war. 
Most  of  the  superstitious  usages  which 


we  find  denounced  in  tiie  canons  origi- 
nated in  these  sources.  Thus  we  find, 
in  the  Council  of  Cealchytbe  (vi.  p. 
1861),  besides  a  general  prohibition  of 
all  pagan  rites,  special  allusion  made 
to  the  wearing  of  Grentile  (heathen) 
garments,  the  maiming  of  horses,  the 
use  of  sorcery,  and  the  eating  of  horse- 
flesh— this  latter  custom  prevailing,  it 
is  asserted,  very  extensively.  Indeed, 
we  suspect  it  still  flourishes  in  con- 
siderable vigour,  in  the  cuisines  of  the 
restaurateurs  oii\iQ  Palais  Roy  ale.  The 
hostility  which  the  canonists  evinced 
towards  it  had,  however,  relation  less  to 
its  peptical  than  its  pagan  tendencies, 
for  horse  and  horseflesh  were  intimately 
associated  w^h  the  heathenism  of  Grer- 
many  as  well  as  of  Persia.  In  both 
countries  the  horse  was  frequently 
sacrificed ;  and  Pope  Zachary,  writing 
to  St.  Boniface,  who,  as  the  most 
successful  missionary  in  those  parts, 
acquired  the  title  of  the  Apostle  of 
Germany,  advises  him  to  put  a  stop 
as  quickly  as  he  could  to  the  custom 
of  devouring  horseflesh.  The  prohi- 
bition to  eat  meat  offered  to  idols 
under  pain  of  exclusion  from  Christian 
communion  (C.  Orleans,  533,  iv.  p. 
1779),  and  under  any  circumstances 
to  eat  of  the  blood  of  any  animal  (C. 
Constantinople,  691,  vi.  p.  1124),  and 
another  sentence  of  excommunication 
with  which  those  were  threatened  who 
should  swear  after  the  heathen  fashion 
upon  the  head  of  beasts,  or  invoke  the 
names  of  false  gods,  are  all  so  many 
indications  how  long    paganism  lin- 

fered  amongst  the  people*  afler  it 
ad  been  formally  disowned  by  co- 
vemment«  and  the  voice  of  the  edu- 
cated classes.  The  Council  of  West- 
minster (1102,  Johnson's  Can.)  in  for- 
bidding the  ascription  of  sanctity  or  the 
payment  of  reverence  to  a  dead  body, 
or  a  fountain,  &c.  without  the  bishop  s 
permission,  seems  to  testify  to  the  same 
fact;  as  does  also  that  canon  of  the 
Council  of  Houen,  more  than  three 
hundred  years  afler  (1445,  xiii.  p.  303), 
which  condemns  the  practice  of  address- 
ing prayers  to  images  under  particular 
titles,  as   "Our  Lady  of  Recovery," 


*  One  of  the  canons  of  an  Irish  Council,  which  has  been  attributed  to  St  Patrick, 
on  what  ground  does  not  appear,  but  which  probably  was  held  about  the  middle  of  the 
fifth  century,  ordains  that  the  faithful  shall  not  yet  receive  anything  of  the  heathen 
(Mquorum)  bat  food  and  clothing,  and  these  only  when  absolutely  necessary ;  **  beoavse 
a  lamp  takes  only  the  oil  it  needs  to  support  it.''  (iii.  p.  1482.) 


1951.] 


Oiiirio$iH$9  of  the  Old  Church  Canons. 


128 


«  Ottr  Ladvof  Pity,"  "  of  Conwlation/* 
&c.  firom  tne  direct  tendency  of  sndi 
practice  to  lead  to  idolatrous  usages 
and  convey  idolatrous  impressions. 
On  a  like  principle,  it  was  forbidden 
to  observe  (C.  Worcester,  1240,  xi. 
p.  572)  any  particular  days  or  months 
for  marriage,  or  those  superstitious 
customs  which  doubtless  found  their 
ori^n  in  a  yet  unsubdued  paganism. 
A  few  instances  of  such  usages  may 
be  interesting.  It  was  forbidden  to 
make  offerings  to  devils  (C.  Berg- 
hamsted,  696,  yi.  p.  576),  all  the 
heathen  ^ods  being  so  reputed ;  they 
who  inv(S:e  demons  were  to  be  pub- 
licly denounced  and  exposed,  crowned 
with  a  mock  mitre  (C.  Rouen,  1445, 
xiii.  p.  ISOS) ;  bones  were  not  to  be 
hung  up  to  drive  away  pestilence  from 
cattle,  nor  were  sorcery,  divination,  or 
other  works  of  the  devil  to  be  practised 
(C.  London,  1075,  x.  p.  346).  By  one 
council  (Narbonne,  589,  v.  p.  1027) 
excommunication  was  to  be  the  punish- 
ment of  those  who  kept  conjurors  in 
their  houses ;  these  latter  were  to  be 
publicly  beaten  and  then  sold,  and  their 
price  given  to  the  poor.  Another  and 
earlier  council,  with  less  severity  (C. 
Ireland,  456,  iii.  p.  1478),  awards  one 
year  of  penance  as  the  punishment  for 
consulting  wizards.  A  third  (C.  Val- 
ladolid,  1322,  xi.  p.  1682)  is  as  severe 
as  the  first,  excommunicating  all 
wizards  and  enchanters  and  those  who 
advise  with  them.  The  first  Council 
of  Favia  (850,  viii.  p.  61,)  condemns 
to  a  rigorous  course  of  penance  all 
such  as  deal  in  magical  arts,  pretend- 
ing to  cause  love  or  hatred  by  their 
incantations,  and  some  of  whom  are 
suspected  of  having  brought  about 
death  by  their  endiantments.  The 
offenders  are  not  to  be  reconciled 
to  the  Church  except  upon  their 
death-beds.  This  last  decree  is  ob- 
servable, because  it  plainly  reveals 
the  incredulity  of  its  framers  as  to  the 
miraculous  powers  to  which  the  Mi- 
chael Scotts  of  the  fifth  century  laid 
claim.  The  Lombard  divines  seem  to 
have  been  inspired  with  sentiments 
such  as  those  which  Dryden  expresses 


m 


his  Essay  on  Dramatic  Poetry; 
"Our  witches,"  says  be,  "are  juiuy 
hanged  because  they  think  themselvM 
to  be  such,  and  suffer  deservedly  for 
believing  they  did  mischief  because 
they  meant  it. 

The  clergy,  however,  themselves^ 
and  in  spite  of  all  injunctions  to  th« 
contraiTi  favoured  and  promoted  th« 
superstitious  feelings  of  their  times, 
and  probably  shared  in  them.  It  was 
in  vain  that  what  were  called  the 
sortes  sanctorum  were  forbidden  by 
council  after  council — that  the  ou 
fenders  were  reproved  by  bishops  and 
punished  by  synods — the  practice,  at 
was  said  of  bribery  in  ancient  Rome,* 
flourished   the   more  luxuriantly  the 

Greater  the  efforts  made  to  subdue  it. 
n  the  Council  of  Vannes  (465,  iv. 
p.  1054)  it  was  decreed  that  every 
clerk  should  be  excommunicated  who 
engaged  in  divination  and  other  su- 
perstitious proceedings,  such  as  affect- 
ing to  predict  future  events  by  chance 
readings  of  Holy  Scripture.  The 
Council  of  Toledo  (694,  iv.  p.  1361) 
directs  that  all  priests  who,  from  a  vile 
and  wicked  superstition,  should  say  for 
the  living  the  office  of  the  mass  for  the 
dead,  in  order  thereby  to  cause  their 
death,  should  be  excommunicated  and 
perpetually  imprisoned.  The  Council 
of  Selingstad  (1022.  ix.  p.  844,)  or* 
dains  that  the  gospel  "in  principiQ 
erat  verbum"  (8.  John,  i.  1),  shall 
not  be  heard  daily  by  lay  people,  es- 
pecially  matrons,  nor  particular  masses, 
such  as  the  Mass  of  the  Holy  Trinity, 
or  of  St.  Michael  —  an  injunction, 
as  a  canonist  remarks,  which  seems  to 
imply  that  this  had  been  done,  not  out 
of  devotion,  but  for  purposes  of  divi- 
nation. The  Council  of  Trent  (1564) 
is  very  severe  on  all  such  supersti- 
tions. In  forbidding  all  profane  use 
of  scriptural  words  and  expressions,  it 
directs  that  all  such  as  make  an  evil 
use  of  them  or  employ  them  for  super- 
stitious purposes  shall  be  punished  as 
profane  and  impious  persons.f 

Canonical  legislation  against  heresy 
—  real  or  presumed  —  would  afford 
abundant  materials  for  a  paper  in  this 


*  NbIIo  crimine  tarn  multae,  apud  Romanos,  lats  leges,  nee  ullse  minus  observatae. 

t  Qibbon  (vi.  233)  gives  an  account  of  CIotIs's  meisengers  entering  the  church  of 
St.  Martin  of  Tours,  and  hearing  chaunted  on  their  entrance  a  triumphal  psalm — the 
preme  of  victory  to  ^ir  matter.  The  tortea  VirgitiantB  and  the  resolt  ot  the  con- 
iultiiitlon  of  them  by  Charles  L  during  one  of  his  Tisits  to  Oxford  are  well  known. 


124 


Curionties  of  the  Old  Church  Canons. 


[Aug, 


series,  but,  for  obvioos  reasons,  we 
forbear  availing  ourselres  of  them. 
With  one  or  two  words  on  the  subject 
we  must  needs  rest  content. 

One  of  the  most  singular  heresies 
widi  which  a  council  had  ever  to  deal, 
was  brought  before  the  Council  of 
Bheims  in  1184.  In  the  form  of 
Church  exorcism  these  words  occur, 
"  Per  eum  qui  ventunts  eitjudicare  vivos 
et  mortuos  (Bj  him  who  shall  come 
to  judge  the  auick  and  dead);  and  the 
two  first  woros  were  not  infrequently 
pronounced  by  the  ignorant  clergy 
*^per  eon.**  A  fanatical  Englishman 
persuaded  vast  multitudes,  and,  as  it 
would  seem,  himself,  that  it  was  he 
that  was  indicated  by  the  word  eon, 
and  would  therefore  become  the  judge 
of  the  dead  and  the  living.  He  ac- 
cordingly styled  himself  "  Eon  of  the 
Star,"  and  for  this  heresy,  which  pal- 
pably originated  in  a  mental  delusion, 
ne  was  cast  into  prison,  where  he 
shortly  died;  whilst  his  followers 
rather  than  recant  were  in  great  num- 
bers burnt  at  the  stake.  (C.  Rheims, 
1148,  X.  p.  1107.)  It  was  at  a  period 
not  much  earlier  (1114),  that,  appre- 
hensive of  the  sentence  of  the  eccle- 
siastical tribunals  being  too  lenient, 
the  rabble  burned  a  vast  number  of 
reputed  heretics  at  Soissons.  Indeed, 
there  were  some  grounds  for  their  ap- 
prehending the  synods  would  be  more 
merciful  than  themselves;  for  we 
often  find  these  convocations  pursuing 
the  principles  of  an  enlightened  hu- 
manity in  resistance  to  the  blood- 
thirsty clamours  of  vulgar  prejudice. 
Thus,  when,  at  the  Council  of  Bor- 
deaux (385,  ii.  p.  1304),  held  in  con- 
sequence of  the  spread  of  the  Fris- 
cilGanists,  an  ascetic  sect  of  modest 
exterior  and  pretensions,  but  which 
was  accused  of  Manichseism  by  St. 
Augustine,  FrisciUian  appealed  from 
the  bishops  to  the  emperor,  they  threw 
no  obstacles  in  his  way,  but  at  once 
allowed  the  appeal.  His  enemies, 
however,  pursuea  him  to  the  very  foot 
of  the  imperial  throne,  and  the  result 
was  that,  at  the  instance  of  Iducius 
and  Ithaoius,  two  of  his  most  invete- 
rate foes,  he  was  put  to  death  by  the 
emperor*8  command.  St.  Martin  of 
Tours,  whose  orthodoxy  had  never 
been  questioned,  and  who  was  not 
only  a  priest,  but  a  patriot  and  a  states- 
man, refused  afler  this  to  have  reli- 


gious communion  with  the  followers 
of  Ithacius.  (Sulp.  Sev.  Yit.  S.  Martin 
ap.  Scr.  R.  Fr.  i.  573,  Greg.  Tour. 
X.  31.)  His  feelings  of  indignation  at 
the  abominable  murder  of  which  their 
leader  had  been  guilty,  was  shared  in 
by  St.  Ambrose  (Epist.  24-26),  by  Fope 
Siricius,  and  by  the  Council  of  Turin, 
who  in  398  (or  401),  passed  sentence 
of  condemnation  against  the  Ithacians, 
on  the  ground  that  it  was  contrary  to  the 
duty  of  a  bishop  to  be  a  party  in  any 
way  to  the  death  of  heretics,  as  Itha- 
cius had  been.  In  the  synodal  letter 
which  the  Council  of  Gangra  (about 
379)  addressed  to  the  bishops  of  Ar- 
menia, and  which  was  directed  against 
the  opinions  of  Eustathius  of  Sebaste, 
the  practice  of  women  cutting  off  the 
hair  which  God  has  ^iven  them  as  a 
memorial  of  the  obedience  due  from 
them  to  their  husbands  is  anathema- 
tized ;  as  also  that  of  women,  under 
pretence  of  religion,  wearing  men^s 
clothes,  which  seems  to  have  been 
done  under  the  impression  they  would 
thereby  reach  a  hisher  state  of  per- 
fection. (C.  VerneuiT,  844,  vii.  p.  1805.) 

The  history  of  religious  opinions  is  one 
of  the  most  mterestmg  and  instructive 
that  could  be  written — interesting,  be- 
cause it  proves  that  there  is  no  absurdity 
however  great,  no  doctrine  however 
atrocious,  that  has  not  had  its  preachers, 
its  disciples,  and  its  martyrs — instruc- 
tive, because  it  teaches  the  great  les- 
sons of  tolerance,  forbearance,  and 
charity ;  because  it  rebukes  the  pride 
of  human  reason,  and  makes  evident 
that  no  sins  import  more  misery  into 
the  world  and  conflict  more  directly 
with  the  happiness  of  mankind  than 
presumptuous  sins.  It  would  seem  to 
be  through  a  consciousness  of  this  that 
we  find  uie  earlier  councils  struggling 
so  long  and  so  strenuously  against  the 
ascetic  principle  to  which  so  many 
sects  aUied  themselves. 

The  story  of  Godefroi,  bishop  of. 
Amiens,  is  to  the  point.  This  amiable 
and  well-intentioned  but  weak-minded 
prelate,  tormented  with  morbid  scru- 
ples, quitted  his  diocese  and  retired  to 
the  Chartreuse,  where  he  entered  upon 
a  severe  course  of  penance  and  bodily 
mortification.  When  summoned  to 
return  to  his  episcopal  duties  he  sent 
letters  to  the  council  (C.  Beauvais, 
1114,  X.  p.  1097),  declaring  himself 
weak  and  wholly  unfit  for  his  oflice, 


1851.]  Anglo-Saxon  Kings  crowned  at  Kingston. 


125 


and  assuring  them  he  felt  that,  although 
indeed  he  nad  taught  his  people  m 
tDordt  he  had  done  much  to  corrupt 
and  ruin  them  by  his  example.  Those 
present  were  much  affected  by  this 
confession,  and  the  matter  was  ad- 

i'oumed  to  another  council.  At  this 
atter  (C.  Soissons,  lllo,  x.  p.  801), 
Henri,  Abbot  of  St.  Quentin,  and 
Hubert,  a  monk  belonging  to  the 
famous  abbey  of  Clugny,  were  desired 
to  go  to  the  Chartreuse  and  bring 
back  Grodefroi  with  them.  Having 
arrived  at  the  monastery  they  be^ed 
the  fugitive  bishop  to  accompany  them 
on  their  return,  but  he  cast  himself  at 
the  feet  of  the  sympathising  Carthu- 


sians, and  entreated  their  protection. 
These  latter,  however  much  disposed 
to  accede  to  his  request,  held  the  power 
and  authority  of  the  king  and  bishops 
too  ffi'eatly  in  awe  to  interfere,  so  they 
dismissed  the  bishop  in  peace.  When 
brought  before  the  council  he  could 
hardly  stand,  being  worn  out  by  the 
fastings  and  mortifications  which  he 
had  voluntarily  undergone.  The  legate 
who  presided  reprimanded  him  very 
sharply  for  his  dereliction  of  duty  in 
deserting  his  see,  and  desired  him  at 
once  to  return  thither,  and  resume  the 
performance  of  duties  from  which  he 
had  so  improperly  attempt.ed  to  escape. 


WHO  WERE  THE  ANGLO-SAXON  KINGS  WHO  WERE  CROWNED 

AT  KINGSTON  ? 


Ms.  USBAN, 

THE  circumstances  commemorated 
in  your  Magazine  for  October,  1850, 
have  brought  before  the  public  mind 
the  fact  that  Kingston-upon-Thames 
claims  to  be  the  ancient  place  of  coro- 
nation of  our  Anglo-Saxon  Kings,  but 
the  real  solid  ground  upon  which  its 
claim  unquestionably  rests  has  not 
been  satisfactorily  shown,  nor  has  it 
been  made  to  appear  with  anything 
like  accuracy  or  certainty  which  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Kings  received  the  regal 
anointing  on  that  ancient  stone  which 
the  people  of  Kingston  have  lately  so 
properly  secured  against  destruction. 
I  have,  in  the  following  paper,  thrown 
together  all  the  historical  evidence 
with  which  I  am  acquainted  upon 
these  subjects,  and  beg  permission 
now  to  submit  it  to  your  readers. 

I  shall,  in  the  first  place,  adduce  the 
evidence  which  proves  that  at  a  period 
of  very  remote  antiquity  Kingston 
was  not  merely  a  royal  town,  a  dis- 
tinction which  it  shared  with  many 
other  less  celebrated  spots,  but  that 
it  was  a  royal  town  of  peculiar  dignity 


and  importance ; — "  that  famous  or 
distinguished  place,"  as  it  is  termed  in 
several  ancient  documents,  **  which  is 
called  Cyningestun,  in  the  county  of 
Surrey.  Upon  this  subject  we  have 
the  evidence  of  six  charters,  all  of 
them  of  great  interest,  printed  by  Mr. 
Kemble  in  his  Codex  Diplomaticus, 
and  ranging  from  the  date  of  a.d.  888 
to  that  of  A.D.  1020. 

The  first  charter  is  one  of  King 
Ecgberht  of  Wessex,  granted  a.d.  838 
at  a  council  or  assembly  held  "  in  illo 
famoso  loco  qui  appellatur  Cingestun, 
in  regione  Suthreie."* 

The  second  charter  was  also  granted 
at  the  same  council  of  a.d.  838,  de- 
scribed as  held  *^in  ilia  famosa  loco 
quse  appellatur  Cyningestun  in  regione 

duthregie anno  dominicee  in- 

carnationis  dcccxxxviii."  -j* 

The  third  charter,  one  of  King 
iEthelstan,  dated  a.d.  933,  thus  con- 
cludes, "  Hoc  vero  constitutum  fuit  et 
confirmatum  in  regali  villa  qucs  Anglice 
Kingestone  vocatur ;"  a  statement 
sufficiently  curious  if  it  indicates  the 
rise  of  our  English  form  of  "  King- 


*  Kemble's  Codex,  v.  91. 

t  Ibid.  i.  318,  319.  The  memoranda  of  contirmation  appended  to  these  first  and 
second  charters  fix  the  date  of  the  death  of  Egbert — a  date  given  with  great  un- 
certainty by  almost  every  writer.  The  memorandum  in  the  second  charter  is  rather 
the  more  precise  of  the  two,  and  thai  concludes,  '*  Anno  ab  incarnatione  Christi  839, 
indictione  2,  primo  mdilicet  anno  regni  Bihelumlfl  regii  poit  obitum  patrU  sui." 


126 


Anglo-Saxon  Kings  crowned  at  Kingston. 


[Aug. 


ston"  as  opposed  to  its  Anglo-Saxon 
predecessor,  "  Cyningestune?* 

The  fourth  charter,  one  of  King 
w^thelstan,  Oct.  6th,  a.o.  943,  is  dated 
"  in  villa  quae  dicitur  Kyngeston."  f 

The  fiftn  charter  not  only  mentions 
the  place,  Kingston,  but  attests  the 
fact  of  a  coronation  there.  It  is  a 
charter  of  Eadred,  "Anno  dominicse 
incarnationis  946,  contigit  post  obi- 
tum  Eadmundi  regis  .  .  quod  Eadred 
frater  ejus  uterinus,  electione  optima- 
turn  subrogatus,  pontificali  auctoritate 
eodem  anno  catholice  est  rex  et  rector, 
ad  regna  quadripertiti  regiminis  con- 
secratus,  qui  denique  rex  in  villa  quae 
dicitur  regis,  Cyngestun,  ubi  et  conse- 
cratio  peracta  est." J 

The  sixth  charter  is  an  Anglo-Saxon 
charter  of  Canute  granted  between 
1016  and  1020.  It  begins— "Here  is 
made  known  in  this  deed  the  agree- 
ment that  God  wine  made  with  Byrhtric 
when  he  wooed  his  daughter,"  which 
"  waes  gespecen  fl?t  Cingestune  beforan 
Cnute  Cincge  on  Lyfinges  arcebiscopes 
ffewitnesse  (which  was  spoken,  that 
IS,  agreed  upon  viva  voce^  at  Kinge- 
stone,  before  Canute,  the  King,  upon 
the  witness  of  Archbishop  Lyfinge).§ 

Now  these  authorities  show  the 
importance  of  Kingston,  not  merely 
88  a  royal  vill,  but  as  a  place  for 
the  holding  of  royal  assemblies,  and, 
what  is  specially  to  our  present  pur- 
pose, one  of  them  marks  it  out  as 
the  scene  of  an  actual  coronation. 
However  turbulent  the  times,  or  un- 


by  prescriptive  opinion  and  feeling, 
that  it  rarely  loses  for  a  course  of 
years  its  local  influence.  There  seems 
no  doubt  whatever  that  Kingston  is 
entitled  to  the  distinction  of  havinff 
been  one  of  the  royal  towns  appointed 
for  the  latter  purpose  in  the  period 
comprised  within  our  Anglo-Saxon 
annals. 

We  will  now  consider  what  historical 
evidence  there  exists  as  regards  the 
actual  coronations  of  Anglo-Saxon 
monarchs  at  Kingston. 

The  first  monarch  claimed  as  having 
been  crowned  at  Kingston  is  Edward 
THE  Elder,  son  of  King  Alfred.  He 
was  chosen  by  the  nobles,  and  crowned 
at  the  Whitsuntide  after  his  father's 
death,  16th  May,  a.d.  902.  (William 
of  Malmesbury,  ed.  T.  D.  Hardy, 
vol.  i.  p.  194.)  According  to  the  chro- 
nicle of  Ralph  de  Diceto,|(  he  was 
crowned  at  Kingston  by  Flegmund 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury;  but  the 
chronicle  of  Johannes  Brompton  as- 
serts that  the  ceremony  was  performed 
by  Ethulred  the  Archbishop,^  a.d.  901. 

If  the  Saxon  Chronicle  may  be  fol- 
lowed, there  are  two  errors  in  this 
statement,  for  Ethelred  is  there  stated 
to  have  died  in  a.d.  888  (Petrie's  His- 
torians, p.  362),  or  according  to  Flo- 
rent.  Wigorn.  (Thorpe,  vol.  i.  p.  108) 
in  the  following  year.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Flegmund,  who  died  aj). 
923.  There  are  some  curious  lines 
by  Peter  Langtoft  in  his  chronicle 
(Hearne,  vol.  i.  p.  26),  which  would 
i^eem  to  imply  that  the  crown  was  as- 
sumed by  Edward  the  Elder  at  St. 
Paul's : 


certain  the  custom,  a  place  once  set 
apart  for  royal  sepulture  or  regal  in- 
augurations is  generally  so  hallowed 

After  this  Alfred  King  Edward  the  Olde, 
Fair  man  be  was  I  wis,  stalwarth  and  bolde ; 
At  London  at  St.  Poules  toke  he  the  croune 
And  purveied  his  parlement  of  Erie  and  Baronne ; 
He  seid  unto  them  all, — '*  that  purveied  it  should  be 
That  in  all  the  land  suld  be  no  King  but  he.'' 


This  was  probably  asserted  with 
reference  to  the  contest  for  the  suc- 
cession by  Ethelwold,  who  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Northumbrian  Danes 
their  soverei«jn  at  York  over  all  other 
kings  and  chiefs.  (Turner's  Anglo- 
Saxon  History,  vol.  ii.  167.)    Edward 


the  Elder  died  at  Faringdon,  a.d.  924, 
according  to  the  authorities  quoted  by 
Sir  F.  ralgrave,  English  Cominoii- 
wealth,  vol.  ii.  p.  243,  and  the  Saxon 
Chronicle,  a.d.  925  (Petrie's  His- 
torians, page  382). 

Upon  his  death,  and  that  of  Ethel- 


*  Kemble's  Codex,  ii.  194.  f  Ibid.  v.  278.  t  Ibid.  ii.  268. 

f  Ibid.  It.  10.  II  Twysden,  toI.  i.  p.  45?. 

f  Post  mortem  vero  dicti  regis  Aliuredi  Edwardus  Alius  suus  modo  cognomeoto 
Senior,  regnainpateruiim  capiens,  a.d.  901,  cepit  regnare.  Hie  consecratas  eSt  9fnd 
Kyngestan  ab  Etholredo.    Twysden,  vol.  i.  p.  881. 


IgSl.]  Angl0'Shut<m  JSngs  croiWMrf  at  Kingston. 

ward,  the  Anglo-Saxon  sceptre  was 
ghren  by  the  witenagemot  to  Ath£1.- 
8TAN,  who  was  crowned  at  Kinxston  by 
Athdm,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  in 
the  year  925.*  The  following  extract 
from  Sharpens  translation  of  William 
of  Malmesbury  is  an  apt  illustration 
of  the  coronation  festival  and  the 
general  state  of  public  feeling  towards 
the  new  sovereign. 


187 


The  nobles  meet,  the  crown  present, 
On  rebels  prelates  corses  veDt, 
The  people  light  the  fasti? e  fires 
And  show  by  turns  their  kind  desires, 
Their  deeds  their  loyalty  declare. 
Though  hopes  andfears  their  bosoms  share, 
With  festife  treat  the  court  abounds, 
Foam  the  brisk  wines, — the  hall  resounds, 
The  pages  run,  the  servants  haste 
And  food  and  verse  regale  the  taste, 
The  minstrel  sings,  the  guests  commend, 
Whilst  all  in  praise  to  Christ  contend  ; 
The  King  with  pleasure  all  things  sees 
And  all  Us  kind  attentions  please. t 

Athelstan  died  at  Gloucester,  in  the 
sixteenth  year  of  his  reign,  on  the 
6th  kaleni  of  November  [27  Oct.], 
AJ>.  940.} 

Athelstan  was  succeeded  by  his 
brother,  Edmund  the  Elder,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen ;  but  his  succession 
was  disputed  by  the  Northumbrians, 
who  chose  Anlaf.  The  date  of  his 
accession  is  given  by  the  following 
authority  as  a.d.  940 ; — "  Eadmundus 
Bex  Anfflorum  consecratus  est  ab 
Odone  Dorobernensi  Archiepiscopo 
apudKingestuneJ"   (Radulph deDiceto, 


Twysden,  vol.  i.  p.  4^4.)  This  state- 
ment of  the  coronation  at  Kingston, 
like  the  subsequent  similar  statement 
in  reference  to  Edward  the  Martyr, 
rests  solely  upon  the  authority  of  Ralph 
de  Diceto.  The  place  of  coronation 
is  not  mentioned  in  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle,  nor  in  the  Chronicle  of 
Florence  of  Worcester,  in  William  of 
Malmesbury,  nor  in  the  authorities  in 
the  general  collections  of  Twysden  and 
Gale.  Still  it  may  very  well  be  true. 
Ralph  de  Diceto,  who  nourished  be- 
tween 1160  and  1200,  had  no  doubt 
the  use  of  authorities  which  are  un« 
known  to  us.  The  death  of  Edmund 
by  the  hand  of  Leofa  is  variously  re- 
ported :  according  to  some  authorities 
it  occurred  26  May,  indict  4,  a.d.  946, 
to  others  in  a.d.  948,  but  the  place  is 
uncertain.  (See  note,  Wilham  of 
Malmesbury,  ed.  Uardy,  vol.  i.  p. 
229.) 

Edbed,  who  succeeded,  was  the  third 
son  of  Edward  the  Elder,  and  was  less 
than  twenty-three  years  of  age  at  his 
elevation  to  the  throne.  He  was  con- 
secrated at  Kingston  by  Odo,  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  a.d.  August  16, 
946.  This  fact  is  attested  by  the 
chai*ter  before  (quoted  from  Kemble's 
Codex  Diplomaticus,  vol.  ii.  p.  268,  and 
the  authorities  cited  below. §  There  is 
some  discrepancy  as  to  the  date  of  the 
event.  Simeon  of  Durham  and  Ethel- 
weard  place  the  death  of  Edmund  and 
the  succession  of  Eadred,  aj>.  946. 
This  should  seem  inaccurate.    li'we 


*  Athelstanus  vero  in  Cingestune,  id  est  in  regia  villa,  in  regem  levatur  et  honorifioc 
ab  Atbelmo  Dorubernensi  archiepiscopo  consecratur :  Chron.  Florent.  Wigorn.,  Thorpe, 
vol.  i.  p.  130.  Rogeri  de  Wendover,  Coxe,  vol.  i.  385.  Henrici  Huntiodon.  in  Savile, 
p.  354.     Tamer*B  Anglo-Saxons,  vol.  2,  p.  176.     Petrie's  Historians,  p.  382. 

f  A  remarkably  interesting  memorial  of  this  ceremony  still  exists  in  the  British 
Maseum — The  Coronation  Book  of  the  Kings  of  England,  upon  which,  from  the  days 
of  Athelstan,  our  Anglo-Saxon  monarchs  took  the  oath  at  their  inauguration.  An 
iUnminated  page  is  given  by  Mr.  H.  N.  Humphreys,  in  his  M8S.  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
and  the  book  is  most  fully  described  by  Mr.  Holmes  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
May,  1838,  p.  469.  *'  No  one,''  says  Mr.  Holmes,  *'  can  doubt  the  antiquity  assigned 
to  it ;  that  it  did  belong  to  Athelstan,  the  grandson  of  Alfred  the  Great,  and  that  it 
was  presented  by  him  to  the  church  of  Dover  ;  there  is  strong  prima  facie  evidence 
that  in  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth  century  it  was  in  the  possession  of  Margaret  of 
York,  Duchess  of  Burgundy,  sister  of  Edward  the  Fourth,  and  that  it  was  believed  by 
her  to  have  been  used  at  the  coronation  of  former  kings  there  is  good  proof;  and  to 
the  fact  that  it  was  used  at  the  coronation  of  Charles  the  First  we  have  the  positive 
testimony  of  a  contemporary,  the  well 'known  antiquary  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewcs.  This 
book  was  the  property  of  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  and  it  still  forms  part  of  his  library. 
Mr.  Sharon  Turner  conjectures  that  it  was  a  present  from  Otho  Emperor  of  Germany, 
who  married  Athelstan 's  sister,  and  from  MaUiilda  the  Empress  and  mother  of  Otho. 

X  Floreot  Wigorn.  Thorpe,  vol.  i.  132.     Petrie's  Historians,  p.  386. 

I  Moz  prozimus  hseres  Edredas  fratri  snccedens  regnum  naturals  suscepit  et  17  kai. 
Septembris  [16  August]  die  Dominica  in  Cingestune  a  S.  Odone  Dorubernensi  Arehie- 


128 


Anglo'Scu'on  Kings  crowned  at  Kingston, 


[Aug. 


follow  the  date  of  the  charter  it  would 
be  placed  a.d.  946 — **  Anno  Dominicse 
Incarnationis,  post  obitum  Eadmundi 
regis,  &c. — Eadred  frater  ejus  electione 
optimatum  subrogatus,  &c.  &c.  rex  in 
villa  quae  dicitur  regis  Cyngestun,  uhi 
et  consecratio  peracta  est.''*  This  fixes 
the  date  of  the  year.  The  authorities 
cited  give  17  kalend.  Septembris 
[16  August]  as  the  day  of  the  month. 
That  Edred  had  been  consecrated  a.o. 
947  is  clear  from  another  charter, 
(Kemble,  vol.  ii.  p.  274),  where  the  text 
runs  —  "  quamobrem  ego  Eadredus 
Rex  Anslorum  ceterarumque  gentium 
in  circuitu  persistentium  gubemator 
et  rector,"  &c.  The  date  of  the  month 
seems  not  fixed  with  equal  accuracy. 
Eadred  died  at  Frome  on  the  23rd 
November,  a.d.  955,  according  to 
Florence  of  Worcester,  a.d.  955,  956, 
Saxon  Chronicle,  and  a.d.  957,  accord- 
ing to  the  computation  in  ^thel- 
weard's  Chronicle.  (AVilliam  of  Mal- 
mesbury,  ed.  Hardy,  vol.  i.  page  232, 
note.)  Sir  F.  Palp*ave's  Anglo-Saxon 
Commonwealth  gives  the  date  thus — 
a.d.  955,  Edred  died  on  St.  Clement's 
Day,  which  Lingard  follows. 

Edwt  or  Edwin  succeeded  to  the 
throne  upon  the  death  of  his  uncle  at 
the  age  of  sixteen,  at  least  it  is  so  as- 
sumed, but  his  age  is  as  uncertain  as 
his  liame  (Turner's  Anglo-Saxons, 
vol.  ii.  p.  232.)  That  he  was  conse- 
crated at  Kingston  by  Odo,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  there  seems  no  doubt, 
as  the  authorities  cited  show,*  with 
general  agreement  as  to  the  date,  a.d. 
955,  which  is  confirmatory  of  that  of 


the  death  of  Eadred.  Two  years  later 
the  Northumbrians  chose  Edgar  for 
their  king,  and  Edwy  retained  the 
south.  He  died  on  the  1st  of  Oc- 
tober, A.D.  959. 

Edgar,  King  of  Mercia,  his  brother, 
succeeded,  being  about  fourteen  or 
sixteen  years  of  age,  and  has  obtained 
the  surname  of  the  Peaceful.  He  is 
one  of  the  monarchs  whose  corona- 
tion has  been  claimed  for  Kingston. 
In  considering  the  validity  of  that 
claim  it  may  be  desirable  to  place  be- 
fore the  reader  the  following^ extract 
from  Lingard's  EUstory  of  England, 
vol.  i.  p.  269.  "It  will  excite  sur- 
prise," says  Dr.  Lingard, "  that  a  prince 
of  this  character,  living  in  an  age 
which  attached  so  much  importance  to 
the  regal  unction,  should  have  per- 
mitted thirteen  years  of  his  reign  to 
elapse  before  he  was  crowned ;  nor  is 
it  less  extraordinary  that  of  the  many 
historians  who  relate  the  circumstance, 
not  one  has  thought  proper  to  assign  the 
reason.  The  ceremony  was  at  length 
performed  at  Bath  with  the  usual  so- 
lemnity, and  in  the  presence  of  an  im- 
mense number  of  spectators.  May  11, 
A.D.  973."  All  authorities  concur  in 
the  fact  that  Edgar  was  crowned  at 
Bath.  There  is  not  the  slightest  au- 
thority in  any  one  of  them  (if  we 
except  a  doubtful  statement  in  Poly- 
dore  Vergil,  which,  in  such  a  case,  is 
no  authority  at  all,)  to  warrant  the 
claim  of  Kingston.f 

With  reference  to  the  delay  of  his 
coronation,  it  will  have  been  seen  that 
Dr.  Lingard  remarks,  "  of  the  many 


piscopo  Rex  est  consecratus,  a.d.  946.  Florent.  Wigorn.  Thorpe,  i.  p.  134 ;  Pal- 
grave's  Anglo-Saxon  Commonwealth,  vol.  ii.  p.  249  ;  Roger  de  Weadoyer,  Coxe,  vol.  i. 
399 ;  Radalphi  de  Diceto,  Twysden,  vol.  i.  455  ;  Ranulphi  Higdensi  Polychron. 
Gale,  vol.  ii.  p.  264. 

*  A.D.  955.  Regis  autem  corpus  Wintoniam  defertur,  et  ab  ipso  abbate  Dunstano 
in  veteri  monasterio  sepultorse  honestissime  traditur,  cujus  fratruus,  clito  Eadwios 
regis  scilicet  Eadmuadi  et  sancts  uElfgivs  regins  filius  monarchiam  imperii  suscepit 
et  eodem  anno  in  Cingestune  ab  Odone  Dorabemis  Archiepiscopo  rex  consecratas  est. 
Cbron.  Florent  Wigorn.  Thorpe,  vol.  i.  p.  136 ;  Rogeri  de  Wendover  Flores  Hist. 
Coxe,  vol.  i.  p.  404  ;  Roger  de  Hoveden,  Savile,  p.  425  ;  Radolf  de  Diceto,  Twysden, 
vol.  i.  455 ;  Chron.  Johannis  Brompton,  Twysden,  vol.  i.  p.  862 ;  Ranulph  Higden, 
Gale,  vol.  ii.  p.  265. 

t  A.D.  973.  Rex  Anglorum  pacificos  Eadgaras,  suee  setatis  aano  xxx°,  indictione 
prima,  quinto  idus  Mail  [11  Maii]  die  Pentecostes  a  beatis  prssulibus  DuDstano  et 
Oswaldo,  eta  ceteris  totius  Anglise  antistitibus  in  civitate  Acamanni  benedicitur,  etcam 
maximo  honore  et  gloria  consecratur  et  in  regem  ungitur.  Cbron.  Florent.  Wigorn. 
Thorpe,  vol.  i.  p.  142 ;  Roger  de  Wendover,  Coxe,  vol.  i.  p.  414 ;  Chronica  de 
Mailros,  Gale,  i.  p.  150  ;  Ranulph  Higden,  Gale,  vol.  ii.  264  ;  William  of  Malmes- 
bury,  Hardy,  vol.  i.  p.  255  ;  Henrici  Huntindon,  Chron.  Savile,  356  ;  Simeon  Donelm. 
Twysden,  vol.  i.  162. 
3 


1851.]  Anglo- Scuton  Kings  crowned  at  Kingston. 


129 


historians  who  relate  the  circumstance 
not  one  has  thought  proper  to  assign 
the  reason."  How  far  such  direct  tes- 
4  timony  may  be  wanting  is  matter  for 
inijuiry.  Mr.  Coxe,  in  a  note  to  his 
edition  of  Roger  de  Wendover,  vol.  i. 
p.  414,  says,  "  The  writers  of  the  life 
of  St.  Dunstan  tell  us  that  Eadgar  was 
not  crowned  until  the  seventh  *  year  of 
his  reign,  because  that  until  that  time 
his  penance  for  an  ofience  upon  the 
person  of  a  nun  was  not  complete." 
So  that  some  notice  of  the  cause  ap- 
pears to  have  been  taken. 

The  cause  in  fact  was  a  brutal  in- 
dulgence of  lust,  a  characteristic  of  his 
life,  which  not  even  the  favour  or 
charity  of  his  monachal  admirers  can 
conceal.  He  violated  a  lady  of  noble 
birth,  who  had  assumed  the  veil  as  an 
expected  but  insufficient  protection. 
For  this  ofience  he  was  vehemently  re- 
proved by  St.  Dunstan,  and  underwent 
a  seven  years*  penance,  submitting, 
though  a  King,  to  fast  and  to  forego  the 
wearing  of  his  crown  for  that  period. 
(Sharpe,  William  of  Malmesbury,  p. 
186;  Hardy,  vol.  i.  p.  254.)  Edgar 
died  on  Thursday,  8th  July,  a.d.  975. 

Edwabd  the  Mabttb  succeeded, 
according  to  general  testimony,  in  the 
same  year.  Kadulf  de  Diceto  appears 
to  be  the  authority  for  the  fact  of  his 
being  croumed  at  Kingston^  which  has 
much  of  probability  in  its  favour.  He 
gives  the  date  a.d.  977.t  Edward  was 
murdered  at  Corfe  Castle,  March  18, 
▲J).  978.  His  remains  were  burnt 
and  his  ashes  buried  at  Wareham. 

Ethelbed  succeeded,  and  was 
crowtied  at  Kingston  on  the  Sunday 
next  afler  Easter,  14th  April,  a.d. 
978.  The  following  is  the  oath  ad- 
ministered to  the  King  by  Archbishop 
Dunstan  on  that  occasion: — *^In  the 
name  of  the  most  holy  Trinity  I  pro- 
mise first  that  the  Church  of  God  and 
all  Christian  people  shall  enjoy  true 
peace  under  my  government ;  secondly, 
that  I  will  prohibit  all  manner  of  ra- 


pine and  injustice  to  men  of  every  con- 
dition ;  thirdly,  that  in  all  judgments 
I  will  cause  equity  to  be  united  with 
mercy,  that  the  most  clement  God  may, 
through  his  eternal  mercy,  forgive  us 
all.  Amen."  As  all  authorities  agree 
generally  in  this  statement,  it  will  be 
only  necessary  to  refer  to  those  upon 
whom  it  is  founded.  Ethelred  was 
crowned  by  Archbishops  Dunstan  and 
Oswald  ;|  there  is  some  discrepancy 
as  to  the  year.  He  died  at  London, 
on  Monday,  23rd  April,  St.  George's 
day,  A.D.  1016  (William  of  Malmes- 
bury, ed.  Hardy,  vol.  i.  p.  300),  and 
was  buried  in  the  Cathedral  of  St.  Paul. 
He  was  succeded  b^  Edmund  Ibon- 
siDE,  who  was  immediately  proclaimed 
king  by  the  citizens  of  London,  and 
crowned  at  St.  PauPs,  and  at  the  same 
time  Canute  was  acknowledged  by  the 
thanes  of  Wessex  at  Southampton. 
All  authorities  appear  to  concur  in 
this.  The  claim  of  Kingston  has  no 
support  whatever.  The  Saxon  Chro- 
nicle, Roger  de  Wendover,  and  Flo- 
rence of  Worcester,  are  silent  as  to  the 
place ;  but  Brompton  (Twysden,  vol.  i. 
p.  903)  and  Ralph  de  Diceto,  assert 
the  fact  of  Edmund  Ironside's  corona- 
tion at  London,  by  Living,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury.  Edmund  was  mur- 
dered A.D.  1016. 

With  him  closes  the  series  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  kings  claimed  as  having  been 
crowned  at  Kingston.  The  reader  has 
now  before  him  the  authority  on  which 
the  claim  of  each  of  them  rests,  and 
can  judge  how  far  it  is  valid  or  the 
contrary.  For  my  own  part  I  feel  in- 
clined to  allow  that  there  is  sufficient 
evidence  to  raise  a  high  degree  of 
probability  in  favour  of — 

Edward  the  Elder,  a.d.  902. 

Athelstan,  a.d.  925. 

Edmund  the  Elder,  a.d.  940. 

Edred,  a.d.  946. 

Edwy  or  Edwin,  a.d.  955. 

Edward  the  Martyr,  a.d.  977 ;  and 

Ethelred,  a.d.  978. 


*  Is  not  thfs  the  setfsnth  year  of  his  penance,  since  thirteen  years  after  his  acceision 
is  the  general  date  assigned  to  his  coronation  ?  See  note  by  Mr.  Hardy,  Will,  of 
Malm.  i.  248,  and  Sharpe  p.  186. 

t  **  Edwardus  regis  Edgari  filius,  consecratus  est  k  Dunstan o  Dorobernensi  et  Os- 
waldo  Eboracenti  Archiepiscopis,  apnd  Kingestune." — Chron.  Twysden,  vol.  i.  p.  458. 
This  possibly  coincides  with  Osborn,  Vita  Dunstani,  and  Florence  of  Worcester. 

J  Roger  de  Wendover,  Coxe,  vol.  i.  p.  421  ;  Florent.  Wigorn.  Chron.,  Thorpe, 
vol.  i.  p.  146 ;  Hist.  Ingalphi,  Gale,  vol.  i.  p.  54;  Chronica  de  Mailros,  Gale,  vol.  f. 
p.  151 ;  Twysden,  vol.  i.  pp.  160,  460,  877  ;  Petrie's  Anglo-Saxon  Chron.  p.  $98. 

Gbht.  Ujlq.  Vol.  XXXVI.  S 


ISO 


Ruskins  Stones  of  Venice. 


[Aug. 


Within  three  quarters  of  a  century 
the  little  town  of  Kingston  was  seven 
times  made  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most 
solemn  of  earthly  ceremonies.  It  would 
be  curious  to  discover  what  tie  of  pro- 
perty or  local  attachment  induced  the 
immediate  descendants  of  Alfred  to 
fix  upon  this  particular  spot  in  pre- 
ference to  Winchester,  the  acknow- 
ledged capital  of  their  paternal  king- 
dom. This  is  an  inquiry  which  we 
have  probably  now  no  means  of  an- 
swering ;  but  whatever  may  have  been 
the  cause  the  result  must  for  ever  make 
Kingston  venerable  in  the  eyes  of 
those  who  feel  an  interest  in  the  trans- 
actions of  far  distant  ages,  and  love  to 
recognise  in  places  otherwise  perhaps 
of  little  interest  or  attractiveness  spots 
consecrated  by  deeds  of  valour  or  ge- 
nerosity, by  the  triumphs  of  law  or 
the  solemnities  of  freedom. 

The  stone  commonly  called  the  con- 
secration-stone which  has  been  lately 
inaugurated  at  Kingston  is  supported 
by  tradition,  and  by  the  analogy  of 
the  employment  of  stones   for  such 


purposes,  both  in  the  instance  of  the 
coronation  seat  of  our  sovereigns  to 
the  present  day,  and  possibly  also  in 
the  instance  of  the  Pope's  chair. 

In  Manning  and  Bray's  History  of 
Surrey,  vol.  i.  p.  370,  there  is  an  en- 
graving of  the  Chapel  of  St.  Mary  ad- 
joining the  south  side  of  the  parochial 
church  of  Kingston,  in  which  "  were 
formerly  to  be  seen  the  portraits  of 
divers  of  the  Saxon  kings  that  have 
been  crowne4  here,  and  also  that  of 
King  John,  of  whom  the  town  re- 
ceived its  first  charter."  This  chapel  fell 
down  on  the  2nd  March,  a.d.  1729-30, 
and  with  it  perished  these  interesting 
works  of  monumental  art.  It  is  much 
to  be  regretted  that  no  society  exists 
with  funds  sufficient  to  obtain  accu- 
rate copies  of  such  of  these  ancient 
mural  paintings  as  time  and  church- 
wardens have  yet  spared,  important  as 
they  are  historically,  as  sjrmbols  of  re- 
li^ous  faith,  and  as  materials  for  the 
history  of  British  art. 
Athen(Bum^ 
June  2,  1851. 


S.  H. 


RUSKIN'S  STONES  OF  VENICE. 

The  Stones  of  VeDice.     Volume  the  first.    The  Foundations.    By  John  Raskin. 

London  :  Smith,  Elder,  and  Co.  1851. 


THE  general,  indeed  well-nigh 
universal,  prevalence  of  the  study  of 
architecture  is  no  less  remarkable  as 
a  distinctive  feature  in  the  present 
bent  and  tendency  of  the  public 
mind,  than  the  way  in  which  this 
tftudy  is  pursued  is  itself  remarkable 
in  its  character  and  style.  We  speak 
with  special  reference  to  the  equally 
singular  and  unsatisfactory  fact,  that 
the  wide  diffusion  of  this  study  has 
hitherto  failed  altogether  to  be  ac- 
companied with  a  commensurate  ad- 
vance in  architectural  science.  This 
but  too  plainly  indicates  an  unsound 
and  defective  system  of  studv,  which 
in  its  turn,  with  equal  clearness, 
has  to  tell  of  guides,  and  aids, 
and  instructors  for  the  student,  all 
wanting  in  soundness  or  in  com- 
pleteness, or  in  both  the  one  faculty 
and  the  other.  Such  assuredly  is  the 
case.  We  have  architects  in  happy 
abundance,  and  architecturalists  and 
architectural  societies,  and  architec- 


tural books  and  engravings ;  but  these 
all,  with  rare  exceptions,  have  substi- 
tuted architectural  details  for  archi- 
tectiO'e,  and  they  accordingly  have 
been  content  to  work  retrogressively 
towards  the  relics  of  the  great  medi»- 
valists,  as  they  yet  remain  more  or 
less  perfect,  or  more  or  less  fallen  to 
ruin.  In  our  architectural  publi- 
cations details  are  all  and  everything, 
while  scarcely  less  manifold  in  both 
variety  and  number  than  the  arches 
and  windows  and  mouldings  of  which 
they  treat  are  these  publications  them- 
selves. But  where  walks  the  spirit 
of  this  grand  art  evoked  from  its 
long  deep  slumber,  and  again  en- 
dowed with  its  creative  energy  ?  Where 
are  the  volumes  which  have  led  and 
yet  may  lead  students  of  architecture, 
whether  professionals  or  only  amateurs, 
upwards  from  the  components  and  de- 
tails of  edifices  to  the  great  principles 
whence  those  edifices  emanated,  and 
of  which  they  are  the  ezponentt— 


1851.] 


Ruskin^s  Stones  of  I'enice, 


131 


volumes  which,  taking  their  stand  with 
mediieyal  architecture  when  as  yet  it- 
self Ymdeveloped,  have  searched  out 
in  their  native  depths  the  immutable 
elements  of  usefulness  and  truth  and 
beauty,  and  have  traced  them  working 
tcM^ther  to  produce  the  architecture 
wmch  in  these  our  days  we  admire  and 
venerate,  and  fain  would  compre- 
hend and  practise  ?  Mr.  Ruskin  has 
rendered  it  no  longer  possible  to  reply 
with  Echo  to  such  inquiries.  He  has 
taken  up  the  cause  of  architecture  as 
an  art.  Inverting  the  accepted  usage, 
and  oommencing  with  philosophical 
research  into  those  deep,  broad  prin- 
ciples which  to  architecture  are  the 
very  concrete  of  its  foundations,  Mr. 
Ruskin  has  at  length  opened,  as  well 
to  architectural  writers  as  students, 
the  only  channel  along  which  their 
course  can  be  conducted  with  pros- 
perity, and  can  terminate  in  success. 

We  rejoice  to  record  the  filling  up 
of  a  void  in  architectural  literature  of 
a  nature  so  serious  as  to  restrict  the 
onward  progress  of  the  study  of  archi- 
tecture Itself;  and  it  is  to  us  a  matter 
of  special  satisfaction  to  find  the  book 
we  have  needed  coming  from  a  writer 
eminently  distinguished  alike  for  deep 
and  searching  observation  and  for  in- 
dependent and  masculine  originality — 
one  who  is  a  master  as  well  in  elo- 
quence as  in  art.  It  was  well  that  the 
pen  should  be  held  by  a  vigorous  hand 
when  its  office  should  be  to  determine 
and  set  fisrth  ^*  some  law  of  right  which 
we  may  apply  to  the  architecture  of 
the  world  and  of  all  time,  and  b^  help 
of  which,  and  judgment  accordmg  to 
which,  we  may  as  easily  pronounce 
whether  a  building  is  good  or  noble 
as,  by  applying  a  plumb-line,  whether 
it  be  perpendicular.'*  And  strong  is 
the  hand  with  which  Mr.  Ruskin  has 
essayed  his  task  and  has  achieved  it. 
Tet  his  touch  is  delicate  as  firm ;  and 
the  breadth  and  earnest  expressiveness 
of  his  treatment  do  but  rival  its  grace- 
fulness ;  while  his  imagery  is  ever  as 
richly  imaginative  as  in  application  it 
is  most  felicitous. 

Mr.  Ruskin*s  architectural  works 
owe  their  origin  to  causes  altogether 
unlike  those  which  have  led  to  the 
production  of  other  treatises  on  the 
same  subject.  He  was  studying  art, 
not  architecture :  art  as  expressed  in 
marble  or  on  canvas  by  the  painter  or 


the  sculptor.  He  had  already  written 
volumes  I.  and  II.  of  his  "  Modem 
Painters,"  and  was  now  deeply  engaged 
with  the  researches  and  the  studies 
retjuisite  for  completing  that  remark- 
able work,  when  he  discovered  that 
without  architecture  art  could  not  be 
completely  mastered  or  adequately 
treated.  Thus  was  he  led  to  this  study 
as  forming  an  essential  component  lif 
art,  and  consequently  his  recognition 
of  the  true  character  of  architecture 
was  complete  while  yet  its  distinctive 
peculiarities  had  to  be  explored  and 
investigated.  He  began,  therefore,  at 
the  ri^ht  end ;  he  was  first  animated 
with  the  very  spirit  of  architecture, 
and  then  set  about  tracing  out  its  work- 
ings ;  he  had  already  felt  the  purpose 
of  this  great  art,  its  principles  and  its 
power,  before  he  looked  into  their  ap- 
plication in  the  details  of  its  creations. 
Hence,  in  a  great  measure,  arises  the 
peculiar  originality  of  Mr.  Ruskin*s 
architectural  works,  and  not  their  ori- 
ginality only,  but  also  very  much  of 
their  importance  and  value. 

"  Since  first  the  dominion  of  man  wis 
asserted  over  the  ocean ,  three  thrones,  of 
mark  beyond  all  others,  have  been  set 
upon  its  sands :  the  thrones  of  Tyre, 
Venice,  and  England.  Of  the  first  of 
these  great  powers  only  the  memory  re- 
mains :  of  the  second,  the  ruin  ;  the  third, 
which  inherits  their  greatness,  if  it  forret 
their  example,  may  be  led  through  prouder 
eminence  to  less  pitied  destruction. 

"  The  exaltotion,  the  sin,  and  the 
punishment  of  Tyre  have  been  recorded 
for  us  in  perhaps  the  most  touching  words 
ever  uttered  by  the  prophets  of  Israel 
against  the  cities  of  the  stranger.  But 
we  read  them  as  a  lovely  song ;  and  close 
our  ears  to  the  sternness  of  their  warning : 
for  the  very  depth  of  the  fall  of  Tyre  hss 
blinded  us  to  its  reality,  and  we  forget,  as 
we  watch  the  bleaching  of  the  rocks  be- 
tween the  sunshine  and  the  sea,  that  they 
were  once  *  as  in  Eden,  the  garden  of  God.' 

"  Her  successor,  like  her  in  perfection 
of  beauty,  though  less  in  endurance  of  do- 
minion, is  still  left  for  our  beholding  in 
the  final  period  of  her  decline :  a  ghost 
upon  the  sands  of  the  sea,  so  weak,  so 
quiet,  so  bereft  of  all  but  her  loveliness, 
that  we  might  well  doubt,  as  we  watched 
her  faint  reflection  in  the  mirage  of  the 
lagoon,  which  was  the  city,  and  which  the 
shadow. 

"  I  would  endeavour  to  trace  the  lines 
of  this  image  before  it  be  for  ever  lost, 
and  to  record,  as  far  as  I  may,  the  warn- 


182 


Ruskins  Stones  of  Venice. 


[Aug. 


ing  which  seems  to  me  to  be  uttered  by 
every  one  of  the  fast-gaining  waves  that 
beat,  like  passing  bells,  against  the  Stones 
OF  Venice."  (p.  2.) 

Having  commenced  the  volume  be- 
fore us  with  these  eloquetit  words,  our 
author  proceeds  to  show  how  in  Venice 
architecture  has  passed  through  the 
most  momentous  conditions  of  its  ex- 
istence, and  has  displayed  the  most 
expressive  phases  of  its  development, 
ana  also  how  inseparably  the  history 
of  Venetian  architecture  is  associated 
with  that  of  **  this  strange  and  mighty 
city"  itself.  Then  follows  an  ad- 
mirable exposition  of  the  necessary 
existence  of  some  law  of  right  and 
wrong  in  architecture,  and  of  the  im- 
portance of  instituting  such  an  inquiry 
as  may  lead  to  its  establishment  and 
recognition.  To  this  inquiry,  together 
with  some  account  of  the  connection  of 
Venetian  architecture  with  the  archi- 
tecture of  other  parts  of  Europe,  Mr. 
Ruskin  devotes  his  first  volume,  which 
he  distinguishes  with  the  characteristic 
title  of  "  The  Foundations  ;"  a  second 
volume,  he  tells  us,  we  may  expect 
will  contain  all  he  has  to  sny  about 
Venice  itself. 

The  investigation  of  this  law  of  right 
and  wrong  in  architecture  naturally 
resolves  itself  into  two  branches,  which 
severally  comprehend  the  construction 
of  edifices  and  their  ornament^  and  the 
law  itself  is  the  unquestioned  and  un- 
questionable rule  of  architectural  ex- 
cellence in  these  two  capacities.  This 
two-fold  excellence  Mr.  Ruskin  desig- 
nates as  the  **  two  virtues  of  architec- 
ture," and  of  these  virtues  he  asserts 
that  they  are  "proper  subjects  of 
law,"  in  other  words,  the  manner  in 
which  buildings  perform  their  "com- 
mon and  necessary  work,  and  their 
conformity  with  universal  and  divine 
canons  of  loveliness — respecting  these 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  no  ambiguity ;" 
and  in  order  to  shake  off  all  doubt 
and  ambiguity  upon  this  matter,  and 
to  substitute  in  their  room  a  clear, 
decisive,  absolutely  intuitive  faculty 
of  distinguishing  whatsoever  is  noble 
in  architecture  n'om  all  that  is  ignoble, 
we  have  but  to  "  permit  free  play  to 
our  natural  instincts,  to  remove  from 
those  instincts  the  artificial  restraints 
which  prevent  their  action,  and  to 
encourage  them  to  an  unaffected  and 
unbiassed  choice  between  right  and 


wrong."  Thus,  at  the  very  outset  of 
our  inquiry,  we  are  encouraged  to 
sweep  from  before  our  feet  all  the  ac- 
cumulated obstacles  and  restraints 
with  which  partiality,  prejudice,  im- 
perfect or  mistaken  apprehension,  and 
artificial  maxims  of  whatever  kind 
have  impeded  free  access  to  the  truth. 
Architecture  we  are  taught  to  regard 
as  a  great  ai*t.  All  true  art  we  &ow 
to  be  the  truthful  reflection  and  ex- 
pression of  nature,  and  so,  from  our 
own  natural  instincts  —  from  them 
alone,  free  in  impulse  and  healthful  in 
action — we  have  to  deduce  the  law  of 
architectural  excellence.  Now  a  law 
so  deduced  must  possess  high  authority 
— even  that  highest  and  most  com- 
manding of  all  authority  which  arises 
from  a  clear  understanding  of  its  com- 
petence combined  with  an  unqualified 
recognition  of  its  justice.  Of  this  law 
the  enactments  are  matters  of  fact ; 
they  cannot  be  weakened  by  misap- 
prehension, or  explained  away  through 
ambiguity ;  they  tell  us  what  excel- 
lence in  architecture  is,  not  what  it 
may  be  considered  to  be. 

''  We  have,  then,  two  qualities  of  build- 
ings for  subjects  of  separate  inquiry  :  their 
action  and  aspect,  and  the  sources  of 
virtue  in  both ;  that  is  to  say,  strength 
and  beauty,  both  of  these  being  less  ad- 
mired in  themselves,  than  as  testifying  the 
intelligence  or  imagination  of  the  bnilder. 

"  For  we  have  a  worthier  way  of  look- 
ing at  human  than  at  divine  architecture  : 
much  of  the  value  both  of  construction 
and  decoration,  in  the  edifices  of  men,  de- 
pends upon  our  being  led  by  the  thing 
produced  or  adorned  to  some  contempla- 
tion of  the  powers  of  mind  concerned  in 
its  creation  or  adornment.  We  are  not 
so  led  by  divine  work,  but  are  content  to 
rest  in  contemplation  of  the  thing  created. 
I  wish  the  reader  to  note  this  especially  ; 
we  take  pleasure,  or  should  take  pleasure, 
in  architectural  construction  altogether  as 
the  mantfestatiou  of  an  admirable  human 
intelligence ;  it  is  not  the  strength,  not 
the  size,  not  the  finish  of  the  work  which 
we  are  to  venerate :  rocks  are  always 
•trooger,  mountains  always  larger,  all 
natural  objects  more  finished :  but  it  Is 
the  intelligence  and  resolution  of  man  in 
overcoming  physical  difficulty  that  are  to 
be  the  source  of  our  pleasure  and  the  sub- 
ject of  our  praise.  And  again  in  decora- 
tion or  beauty,  it  is  less  the  actual  loveli- 
ness of  the  thing  produced,  than  the 
choice  and  invention  concerned  in  the 
production,  which  are  to  delight  us ;  the 


1851.] 


Rtukins  Stones  of  Venice. 


133 


loTe  and  the  thoughts  of  the  workman  more 
than  his  work  :  his  work  must  always  be 
imperfect,  but  his  thoughts  and  afifections 
maj  be  true  and  deep/'  (p.  38.) 

In  the  matter  of  strength  or  good 
constmction,  when  we  speak  of  a 
building  aa  well  built,  we  imply  much 
more  than  the  mere  fact  itself,  however 
important,  that  it  answers  its  purpose 
w^  for  really  it  is  not  well  built 
unless  it  answers  this  purpose  in  the 
simplest  and  also  the  most  efiectual 
way,  and  without  any  over-expenditure 
of  means.  Here,  therefore,  is  made 
manifest  the  biiilder*s  iniettect,  and  this 
intellect,  this  mental  energy,  in  the 
degree  that  it  is  displayed  and  dis- 
jdayed  suitably,  in  that  degree  does  it 
measure  the  true  constructive  virtue 
of  the  building — ^its  worth  as  actually 
and  essentially  well  constructed.  But 
intdlect  alone  is  insufficient  to  endow 
a  true  architect,  or  to  produce  a  truly 
noble  edifice.  The  man  requires  more 
than  powers  of  thought,  reflection,  in- 
vention, more  than  skill,  presence  of 
mind,  perseverance,  courage,  and  dex- 
teritjr,  and  in  his  works  tokens  of  other 
quabties  than  these  must  be  apparent. 
There  is  need  of  that  virtue  of  building 
through  which  the  builder  may  show 
his  affections  and  delights.  The  good 
construction  which  the  intellect  has 
given  needs  must  be  associated  with 
such  decoration  as  the  affections  alone 
can  give — ^we  must  have  warmth  as 
well  as  light.  Observe,  however,  "  it 
is  not  that  the  signs  of  his  affections 
wbich  man  leaves  upon  his  work  are 
indeed  more  ennobling  than  the  signs 
of  his  intelligence,**  nor,  on  the  other 
hand,  that  the  expressions  of  his  in- 
telligence are  more  worthy,  as  elements 
of  excellence,  than  the  tokens  of  his 
affections ;  **  but  it  is  the  balance  of 
both  whose  expression  we  need,  and 
the  signs  of  the  government  of  them 
all  bv  conscience,  and  discretion,  the 
daiurnter  of  conscience.  So  then,  the 
isk&igent  part  of  man  being  emi- 
nently, if  not  chiefly,  displayed  in  the 
ttructure  of  his  work,  his  affectionate 
part  18  to  be  shewn  in  its  decoration  ; 
and  that  decoration  may  be  indeed 
lovely  two  things  are  needed ;  first, 
that  the  affections  be  vivid  and  honestly 
shewn,  secondly,  that  they  be  fixed  on 
the  right  things.**  **And  the  right 
thing  to  be  lik^  is  God*s  work,  which 
He  made  for  our  delight  and  con- 


tentment in  this  world ;  and  all  noble 
ornamentation  is  the  expression  of  man* s 
delight  in  God's  work''  Of  the  other 
quality  of  good  decoration,  that  with 
all  honesty  it  should  indicate  strong 
liking,  we  may  be  content  to  iUustrate 
its  true  character  through  a  single  ex- 
ample, that  of  the  architect  of  Bourges 
Cathedral,  who  **  liked  hawthorns ;  so 
he  has  covered  his  porch  with  hawthorn, 
it  is  a  perfect  Niobe  of  May.  Never 
was  such  hawthorn ;  you  would  try  to 
gather  it  forthwith  but  for  fear  of 
being  pricked.** 

Thus  far  have  we  sought  to  lead 
our  readers  to  a  clear  and  full  under- 
standing of  the  object  with  which  Mr. 
Kuskin  has  searched  out  and  recorded 
the  lessons  which  the  "  Stones  of  Ve- 
nice,** though  now  loosened  and  decay- 
stricken,  yet  have  power  to  teach,  and 
of  the  manner  also  in  which  he  has 
set  about  his  task ;  and  his  own  words 
we  have  preferred  for  a  great  part  to 
use,  because  we  desire  to  induce  those 
whose  eyes  may  rest  upon  what  we 
put  forth  themselves  to  turn  to  these 
pages  of  Mr.  Raskin,  and  we  know 
no  means  so  effectual  to  attract  them 
thither  as  the  perusal  of  such  pas- 
sages as  we  have  extracted  from  their 
copious  abundance.  We  now  must 
content  ourselves  to  rest  upon  the 
hope  that  the  case  in  the  matter  of 
architecture,  which  Mr.  Ruskin  sub- 
mits to  the  Judgment  of  our  natural 
instincts,  wdl  be  examined  by  our 
readers  in  the  very  words  with  which 
throughout  he  so  suitably  conducted 
it.  They  may,  if  they  will,  leave  ar- 
chitecture altogether  out  of  the  ques- 
tion, and  nevertheless  they  will  find 
themselves  more  than  repaid  by  the 
excellence  of  the  sentiments,  the  beauty 
and  richness  of  the  thoughts,  and  the 
nobleness  of  the  language.  But  if  ar- 
chitecture really  be  their  pursuit,  if 
they  desire  in  very  deed  to  possess  the 
faculty  of  promptly  recognising  its 
power,  and  aisceming  its  virtues,  and 
would  know  them  well  and  feel  them 
deeply,  then  to  them  this  noble  lan- 
guage, these  thoughts  so  richly  beau- 
tiful, these  sentiments  so  excellent, 
will  but  serve  to  multiply  the  attract- 
iveness, and  to  enhance  the  intrinsic 
value,  of  an  Architectural  Treatise 
which  is  as  superior  to  anjr  j^nd  every 
kindred  production  as  it  differs  widely 
from  them  all.    We  can  well  imagine 


id4 


Ruikins  Stones  of  Venice. 


£Auf. 


such  persons  *  passing  on  delightedly 
from  chapter  to  chapter,  and  pausing 
for  careiul  reflection,  or  sometimes 
studying  again  what  can  scarcely  be 
fully  grasped  at  a  single  perusal.  The 
general  division  of  architecture  into 
walls,  roofs,  and  apertures,  will  at  once 
introduce  them  to  more  full  essays  on 
the  wall-base,  the  wall-veil,  or  the 
mass  or  body  of  the  structure,  and  the 
wall-cornice,  its  crowning  member; 
the  pier-base  follows,  then  the  shafl, 
then  the  capital ;  the  next  group  of 
chapters  is  formed  by  the  arch-line, 
the  arch-masonry,  and  the  arch-load ; 
and  these  introduce  other  chapters  on 
the  roof,  the  roof-cornice,  the  buttress, 
the  form  of  aperture,  the  filling  of 
aperture,  and  the  protection  of  aper- 
ture ;  af\er  which  a  chapter  on  super- 
imposition  concludes  the  first  division 
of  the  subject— on  "  good  construc- 
tion.** Of  each  and  all  of  these  chap- 
ters we  say,  read  them.  Do  you  ask 
for  an  example  of  what  they  contain  ? 
Hear  the  author  upon  towers  : 

**  There  must  be  no  light-beadedness  in 
your  noble  tower:  impregnable  founda- 
tioD,  wrathful  crest,  wiu  the  vizor  down, 
and  the  dark  vigilance  seen  through  the 
clefts  of  it ;  not  the  filigree  crown  or  em- 
broidered cap.  '  No  towers  are  so  grand 
as  the  square -browed  ones,  with  massy 
comioes  and  rent  battlements :  next  to 
these  come  the  fantastic  towers,  with  their 
various  forms  of  steep  roof,  the  best,  not 
the  cone,  but  the  plain  gable  thrown  very 
high  ;  last  of  all  in  my  mind  (of  good 
towers),  those  with  spires  or  crowns, 
though  these,  of  course,  are  fittest  for  ec- 
clesiastical purposes  and  capable  of  the 
richest  ornament ....  But  in  all  of  them 
this  I  believe  to  be  a  point  of  chief  neces- 
sity,— that  they  shall  seem  to  stand,  and 
verily  shall  stand,  in  their  own  strength ; 
not  by  help  of  buttresses  nor  artful  balan- 
cings on  this  side  and  on  that  Your  noble 
tower  must  need  no  help,  must  be  sus- 
tained b^  no  crutches,  must  give  place  to 
no  suspicion  of  decrepitude.  Its  office 
may  be  to  withstand  war,  look  forth  for 
tidings,  or  to  point  to  heaven  ;  but  it 
must  have  in  its  own  walls  strength  to  do 
this  ;  it  is  to  be  itself  a  bulwark,  not  to 
be  sustained  by  other  bulwarks ;  to  rise 


and  look  forth,  '  the  tower  of  Lebanon 
that  looketh  toward  Damascus,^  like  a 
stem  sentinel,  not  like  a  child  held  up  in 
its  nurse's  arms.  A  tower  may,  indeed, 
have  a  kind  of  buttress,  a  projection,  or 
subordinate  tower  at  each  of  its  angles  : 
but  these  are  to  its  main  body  like  die 
satellites  to  a  shaft,  joined  with  itsatrength, 
and  associated  in  its  uprightness,  part  of 
the  tower  itself :  exactly  in  the  proportion 
in  which  they  lose  their  massive  unity  with 
its  body,  and  assume  the  form  of  true 
buttress-waUs  set  on  at  its  angles,  the 
tower  loses  its  dignity."  (p.  20o!; 

The  towers  of  Lincoln  are  nobly 
angle-turreted ;  hence  their  vast  su- 
periority over  the  buttressings  at 
York.  Of  towers,  the  work  of  our 
own  times,  Mr.  Scott*s  fine  composi- 
tion for  Hamburgh  occupies  the  fore- 
most rank;  he  has,  however,  unhap- 
pily set  decided  buttresses  at  its  angles ; 
nad  he  expanded  these  angles  into 
turrets  instead  of  flanking  them  with 
buttresses,  of  spired  towers  this  might 
have  claimed  a  proud  place  among  the 
most  perfect  in  existence. 

Of  the  second  part  of  the  volume, 
upon  "  Ornament,  its  material,  treat- 
ment, and  disposition,**  our  space  con- 
strains us  to  speak  in  a  single  seh- 
tence ;  we  do  so  in  pronouncing  it  in 
all  respects  admirable  in  itself,  and  a 
most  worthy  companion  to  the  chap- 
ters on  "good  construction"  which  pre- 
cede it.  A  single  extract  likewise 
must  suffice  to  exemplify  this  division 
of  the  volume ;  its  value  in  that  c^w- 
oity  needs  no  comment : 

'*  The  especial  condition  of  true  orna- 
ment is  that  it  be  beautihd  in  its  place, 
and  no  where  else,  and  that  it  aid  the 
effect  of  every  portion  of  the  building  over 
which  it  has  influence ;  that  it  does  not, 
by  its  richness,  make  other  parts  bald,  or, 
by  its  delicacy,  make  other  parts  coarse. 
Every  one  of  its  qualities  has  referenoe  to 
its  place  and  use  ;  and  it  ia  fitted  for  Ut 
aerviee  by  what  ufoutd  be  faulti  and  defi- 
ciendei  If  it  had  no  especial  duty.  Or- 
nament, the  servant,  is  often  formal, 
where  sculpture,  the  master,  would  have 
been  free;  the  servant  is  often  silent, 
where  the  master  would  have  been  elo- 


*  That  with  certain  professional  architects  and  their  admirers  and  followers  this 
work  may  find  no  favour,  we  are  quite  prepared  to  learn  :  its  views  differ  far  too 
widely  to  admit  of  its  exciting  in  them  any  otner  sentiments  than  those  of  hostility,  or 
perhaps  of  ridicule.  Mr.  Ruskin  can  bear  this  :  and  since  we  must  shrink  from  archi- 
tectural sympathy  with  these  persons  until  they  have  become  altered  men,  we  can 
endure  it  also. 


1851.] 


Ruskins  Stones  cf  Venice. 


135 


quent ;  or  hurried,  where  the  master  would 
have  been  serene/'     P.  232. 

And  now  in  bringing  to  a  close  our 
notice  of  this  trulj  important  and  va- 
luable work,  we  find  that  several  points 
upon  which  we  had  designed  to  ofier 
some  remarks  must  of  necessity  be 
treated  bj  us  after  the  same  manner 
as  the  chapters  upon  Ornament, — our 
observations,  that  is  to  say,  must  be 
compressed  almost  if  not  actually  into 
so  many  single  sentences. 

The  architectural  student  will  do 
well  to  learn  from  Mr.  Ruskin  to  re- 
pudiate all  the  empty  conventionalisms 
and  heartless  systems  which  hitherto 
have  encompassed  him  like  a  mist,  and 
in  their  stead  to  make  nature  his  rule 
of  excellence,  and  the  works  of  nature 
his  model  for  study :  thus  he  may 
become  a  true  artist,  and,  as  such,  a 
worthy  architect  also.  Here  lies  Mr. 
Buskin^s  strength,  even  in  his  love  of 
nature,  a  love  as  discriminating  as  it 
is  profound,  and  in  his  no  less  fervent 
pr  less  judicious  love  of  art,  which 
latter  anection  with  him  is  at  once 
purified  and  elevated,  because  he  loved 
nature  first,  and  because  he  still  loves 
nature  best. 

There  is  another  twofold  lesson 
taught  by  Mr.  Ruskin  after  his  own 
powerful  manner,  which  all  who  love 
and  who  study  architecture  will  do 
well  carefully  to  learn.  It  is,  that 
there  exists  no  necessary  association 
whatsoever,  nothing  at  all  of  inherent 
sympathy,  between  the  degraded  and 
aeffrading  Romanism  of  the  twelflh 
and  thirteenth  centuries  and  their  glo- 
rious architecture ;  and,  on  the  other 
hand,  that  the  arts,  and  architecture 
as  a  true  art,  are  to  Christianity  in  its 
purity,  to  ^  die  faith  as  once  delivered 
to  the  saints,*'  faithful  and  precious 
ministers,  the  loss  of  whose  services  no 
substitute  can  make  good.  A  mis- 
chievous endeavour  to  insinuate  popery 
through  the  prevailing  leaning  towards 
medisBval  architecture  has  found  re- 
sponsive encouragement  from  a  certain 
sickly  affectation  of  Romish  phrases 
and  usages  and  accessories;  and  the 
idea  has  hence  prevailed,  either  that 
ecclesiastical  architecture  is  itself  iden- 
tified in  spirit  with  Romanist  super- 
stition, or  that  in  architecture  the 
Christian  essence  is  symbolised  b^  cer- 
tain accessorial  decorations.  It  is  full 
time  to  arise  and  open  our  eyes  to 


the  phdn  truth  in  these  matters ;  it  is 
full  time  to  shake  off  what  on  the  one 
hand  would  be,  but  for  the  seriousness 
of  the  interests  involved,  the  moat  fan- 
tastic folly,  and  on  the  other  hand  la 
assuredly  an  unhappy  delusion.  Ar- 
chitecture owes  to  Romanism  its  de^ 
gradation  only.  To  Christianity  ar- 
chitecture may  be  a  potent  auxiliary. 

"  The  corruption  of  all  architecture/* 
sajs  Mr.  Ruskin,  '*  especially  ecclesiastic 
cal,  corresponded  with  and  marked  the 
state  of  religion  over  all  Europe,  the  pe- 
culiar degradation  of  the  Romanist  super- 
stition, and  of  public  morality  in  conse- 
quence, which  brought  about  the  Reforma- 
tion. Against  the  corrupted  papacy  there 
arose  two  great  divisions  of  adversaries, 
Protestants  in  Germany  and  England,  Ra- 
tionalists in  France  and  Italy ;  the  one 
requiring  the  purification  of  religion,  the 
other  its  destruction.  The  Protestant 
kept  the  religion,  but  cast  aside  the  here- 
sies of  Rome,  and  with  them  her  arts,  by 
which  last  rejection  he  injured  his  own 
character,  cramped  his  intellect  in  refus- 
ing to  it  one  of  its  noblest  exercises,  and 
materially  diminished  his  influence.  It 
may  be  a  serious  question  how  far  the 
pausing  of  the  Reformation  has  been  a 
consequence  of  this  error.  The  Ration- 
alist kept  the  arts,  but  cast  aside  the  reli- 
gion. This  rationalistic  art  is  the  art 
commonly  called  Renaissance.  .  .  .  In- 
stant degradation  followed  in  every  direc- 
tion—a flood  of  folly  and  hypocrisy.*' 
p.  23. 

In  these  times  it  seems  a  positive 
duty  to  repeat  one  other  passage, 
which  is  separated  from  the  foregoing 
by  a  few  pages  only. 

"  I  said  the  Protestant  had  despised 
the  arts,  and  the  Rationalist  corrupted 
them.  But  what  has  the  Romanist  done 
meanwhile?  He  boasts  that  it  was  the 
papacy  which  raised  the  arts :  why  could 
it  not  support  them  when  it  was  left  to  its 
own  strength  ?  How  came  it  to  yield  to 
the  classic^lism  which  was  based  on  infi- 
delity, and  to  oppose  no  barrier  to  inno- 
vations which  have  reduced  the  once 
faithfully  conceived  imagery  of  its  worship 
to  stage  decoration  ?  Shall  we  not  rather 
find  that  Romanism,  instead  of  being  a 
promoter  of  the  arts,  has  never  shewn  it- 
self capable  of  a  single  great  conception 
since  the  separation  of  Protestantism  from 
its  side?  So  long  as,  corrupt  though  it 
might  be,  no  clear  witness  had  been  borne 
against  it,  so  that  it  still  included  in  its 
ranks  a  vast  number  of  faithful  Christians, 
so  long  its  arts  were  noble.  But  the 
witness  was  borne — the  error  made  appa- 


136 


The  Story  of  Nell  Gtoyn. 


[Aug. 


rent ;  and  Rome,  refiiBing  to  hear  the  tes- 
timony or  forsake  the  falsehood,  has  been 
struck  from  that  instant  with  an  intellec- 
tual palsy,  which  has  not  only  incapaci- 
tated her  from  any  farther  use  of  the  arts, 
which  once  were  her  ministers,  but  has 
made  her  worship  the  shame  of  its  own 
shrines,  and  her  worshippers  their  de- 
stroyers.*'    P.  34. 

We  must  resolutely  close  the  volume. 
We  therefore  merely  admonish  those 
whose  **weak  sentmaentalism "  en- 
dangers their  *^  being  lured  into  the 
Romanist  church  by  the  glitter  of  it, 
Uke  larks  into  a  trap  by  broken  glass,  ^ 
that  they  omit  not  to  read  and  to  re- 
flect upon  Mr.  Ruskin*s  twelfth  Ap- 
pendix, on  *^  Ronumist  Modern  Art.  * 

We  rejoice  to  observe  (see  p.  215) 
that  with  respect  to  the  use  of  paint 
in  architecture  Mr.  Ruskin*s  opinions 
closely  resemble  our  own.  He  must 
pardon  us  if  at  the  same  time  we  ex- 
press our  regret  at  his  having  bestowed 
upon  the  architecture  of  iiis  native 
land  so  limited  a  portion  of  his  at- 
tention and  regard. 

Mr.  Ruskin  has  illustrated  his  vo- 
lume   with    numerous    characteristic 


examples,  engraved  in  every  instance 
from  his  own  original  drawings :  a 
series  of  larger  and  more  elaborate  en- 
gravings he  is  publishing  in  a  separate 
form.  The  engravings  which  accom- 
pany or  are  incorporated  with  the  text 
are  ampJy  sufficient  to  fulfil  their  par- 
pose.  Thej  are  clever,  apDroprlate, 
expressive,  and  concerning  their  truth 
and  accuracy  there  can  be  no  question. 
To  some  it  may  perhaps  be  obj^ted 
that  they  add,  without  sufficient  l>enefit, 
to  the  costliness  of  the  volume.  This 
matter  of  costliness,  indeed,  forms  the 
onlj  serious  drawback  from  our  un- 
qualified satisfaction  with  the  work. 
Not  that  the  price  is  too  high  for  such 
a  volume,  and  one  so  **  got  up,"  but 
that  such  a  price  renders  its  sale  of 
necessity  comparatively  limited,  and  so 
very  seriously  impedes  the  realising 
that  vast  benefit  which  it  is  competent 
to  produce.  This  is  a  book  which 
ought  to  be  in  everybody's  hands; 
everybody,  however,  cannot  pay  two 
guineas  for  it.  May  we  hope  afler  a 
while  to  congratulate  our  readers  on 
the  appearance  of  an  edition  adapted 
to  the  very  widest  circulation  ? 


THE    STORY   OF  NELL   GWYN. 
related  by  peter  cunningham. 

Chap.  VIH. 

Nelly  in  real  moaming^,  and  outlawed  for  debt— Death  of  Otway,  tutor  to  her  son— James  H. 
pays  her  debts— The  Kings's  kindness  occasions  a  rumour  that  Nelly  has  gone  to  mass— 
The  rumour  without  foundation— Her  intimacy  with  Dr.  Tenison,  then  Vicar  of  St.  Martin's 
in  the  Fields,  and  Dr.  Lower  the  celebrated  physician- She  sends  for  Tenison  in  her  last 
illness— Her  death  and  contrite  end— Her  will  and  last  request  of  her  son— Her  funeral'— 
Tenison  preaches  her  funeral  sermon— False  account  of  the  sermon  cried  hy  hawkers  in  the 
streets— The  sermon  used  as  an  arg^iment  at  court  against  Tenison's  promotion  to  the  see 
of  Lincoln— Queen  Mary's  defence  of  Tenison  and  Nelly— Her  son  the  Duke  of  St.  Alban't— 
Eleanor  Gwyn  and  Harriet  Mellon  not  altogether  unlike— Various  portraits  of  Kelly- 
Further  anecdotes  of  Nelly— Conclusion. 


IT  was  no  fictitious  mourning,  for 
the  Cham  of  Tartary  or  a  Prince  of 
France,  which  Nelly  and  the  Duchess 
of  Portsmouth  were  both  wearing  in  the 
spring  of  1685.  Each  had  occasion, 
tnough  on  very  different  grounds,  to 
lament  the  merry  and  dissipated 
monarch  so  suddenly  removed  from 
his  gorgeous  chambers  at  Whitehall  to 
the  cold  damp  vaults  of  Westminster 
Abbey.  It  was  at  this  period,  if  not  on 
other  occasions,  that  Ndly  must  have 
4 


called  to  mind  Shirley*s  noble  song, 
which  old  Bowman  used  to  sing  to 
King  Charles : 

The  glories  of  our  blood  and  state 
Are  shadows,  not  substantial  things ; 

There  is  no  armour  against  fate : 
Death  lays  his  icy  hands  on  Kings. 

Lely  should  have  painted  Nelly  in 
her  mourning ;  but  tne  delicate  hand 
which  drew  with  so  much  grace  the 
Beauties  of  King  Charles  the  Second's 
Court,    and    Nelly    with    her    lamb 


1861.] 


By  Petef  Cunningham.     Chapter  VIII. 


187 


among  them,  was  l^g  torpid  in  the 
vaults  of  the  church  in  Uo  vent  Garden, 
and  the  painters  who  succeeded  him, 
Wissing,  Kneller,  andVerelst,  had  little 
skill  in  transferring  from  life  to  canvass 
those  essential  graces  of  expression 
which  Lely  caught  so  inimitably  in  his 
La  Belle  Hamilton  and  his  Madame 
Gwyn.* 

While  her  grief  was  still  fresh,  Nelly 
had  occasion  to  remember  the  friend 
she  had  lost.  The  King's  mistresses, 
as  Nelly  herself  informs  us,  were  ac- 
counted but  ill  paymasters,  for  the 
King  himself  was  often  at  a  loss  for 
money,  and  the  ladies  were,  we  may 
safely  suppose,  generally  in  advance  of 
the  allowances  assigned  them.  The 
*'  gold  stuff**  was  indeed  scarcer  than 
ever  with  Nelly  in  the  spring  of  the 
year  in  which  the  King  died,  and  we 
know  what  became  of  at  least  some 
of  her  plate  only  a  year  before.  "  The 
bill  is  very  dear,"  she  says,  "  to  boil 
the  plate ;  but  necessity  hath  no  law." 
What  was  to  be  done  ?  tradesmen  were 
pressing  with  their  bills,  and  the  ap- 

{)rentices  who  would  at  once  have  re- 
eased  "  Protestant  Nelly  "  from  their 
own  books  had  no  control  over  those 
of  their  masters ;  so  Nelly,  if  not  ac- 
tually arrested  for  debt  in  the  spring 
of  1685,  was  certainly  outlawed  for 
the  non-payment  of  certain  bills,  for 
which  some  of  her  tradespeople,  since 
the  death  of  the  King,  nad  become 
perseveringly  clamorous. 

Nelly's  resources  at  this  period  were 
slender  enough.  In  the  King's  life- 
time, and  afle^  Prince  Rupert's  death, 
she  had  paid  to  Peg  Hughes  the  actress 
and  her  daughter  Kuperta,  as  m,uch  as 
4,520/.  "  for  the  great  pearl  necklace  " 
which  she  wears  in  so  many  of  her 
portraits-!  This  would  now  probably 
pass  to  the  neck  of  another  mistress 
(such  is  the  lottery  of  life  and  jewels,) 
perhaps  to  that  of  Katherine  Sedley, 


Countess  of  Dorchester;  but  Nelly 
would  not  care  much  about  this :  it 
went  more  to  her  heart  to  hear  that 
during  her  own  outlawry  for  debt  her 
old  friend  Otway,  the  tutor  to  her  son, 
the  poet,  whose  writings  she  must  have 
loved,  had  died  of  starvation,  without 
a  sympathizing  Nelly  near  at  hand  to 
relieve  the  wants  which  she  herself  was 
now  feelins  in  common  with  the  great 
dramatist.! 

It  was  Nelly's  good  fortune,  how- 
ever, never  to  be  without  a  friend 
willing  and  able  to  assist  her.  The 
new  King  had  not  forgotten  the 
dying  request  of  his  only  brother, 
"  Don't  let  poor  Nelly  starve ; "  above 
all  he  had  not  forgotten  Nelly's  con- 
duct during  that  nard  period  of  his 
life  when  the  bill  for  excluding  his 
succession  to  the  Crown  was  pushed 
in  both  houses  with  a  warmth  and 
animosity  which  augured  indifferently 
for  his  obtaining  the  Crown  to  which  he 
was  entitled.  James,  though  in  trouble 
himself — Monmouth  had  landed  at 
Lyme  and  the  Battle  of  Sedgemoor  was 
not  yet  fought — found  time  in  the 
midst  of  his  anxieties  to  remember 
the  wants  of  "pretty  witty  Nell ;"  the 
secret  service  expenses  of  the  King 
(ov\y  recently  brought  to  light)  ex- 
hibiting a  payment  to  Richard  Graham, 
Esq.  of  729/.  2s.  Sd,  "to  be  by  him 
paid  over  to  the  several  tradesmen, 
creditors  of  Mrs.  Ellen  Gwyn,  in  satis- 
faction of  their  debts  for  which  the 
said  Ellen  stood  outlawed."§ 

But  this  was  not  the  only  way  in 
which  James  exhibited  his  regard  for 
Nelly,  and  his  remembrance  of  a  bro- 
ther to  whom  he  was  sincerely  attached. 
In  the  same  year  in  which  he  relieved 
Nelly  from  her  outlawry,  two  addi- 
tional payments  of  500/.  each  were  made 
to  her  by  way  of  royal  bounty ;  and 
two  years  afterwards  the  same  book 
of  accounts  records  a  payment  to  Sir 


*  The  view  of  Co  vent  Garden,  in  the  accompanying  plate,  has  been  drawn  under 
my  directions  from  all  the  best  engravings  and  pictures  known.  The  garden  wall  of 
Bedford  House  in  the  Strand  exhibits  the  first  Covent  Garden  Market — in  the  reign  of 
Charles  only  a  few  stalls. 

■*•  Warburton's  Prince  Rupert,  iii.  558. 

:  Otway  died  14  April,  1685— 

Then  for  that  cub,  her  son  and  heir, 
Let  him  remain  in  Otway 's  care. 

SaUre  on  KeUy,  Harl.  MS.  7319,  fol.  135. 

§  Secret  Service  Expenses  of  Charles  II.  and  James  II.  (printed  for  the  Camden 
Society),  p.  109. 

GwiT.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  T 


138 


The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn. 


[Aug. 


Stephen  Fox  of  1256^.  0«.  2(/.  for  so 
much  by  him  paid  to  Sir  Robert  Clay- 
ton, the  alderman  and  great  city  mer- 
chant, in  full  of  3774/.  2«.  6rf.  for  re- 
deeming the  mortgage  to  Sir  John 
Musters,  ofBeskwoodrark,  for  settling 
the  same  for  life  upon  Mrs.  Ellen 
Gwyn,  "  and  after  her  death  upon  the 
Duke  of  St.  Alban*s,  and  his  issue 
male,  with  the  reversion  in  the  crown."* 
Beskwood  Park  is  in  the  county  of 
Nottingham,  on  the  borders  of  merry 
Sherwood,  and  was  long  an  appurte- 
nance to  the  crown,  eagerly  sought  for 
by  royal  favourites.  Whether  it  re- 
mains in  the  possession  of  the  present 
Duke  of  St.  Alban*s,  as  the  descendant 
of  Nelly,  I  am  not  aware. 

Jameses  kindness  to  pretty  witty 
Nell,  and  his  known  design  of  recon- 
ciling the  nation  to  the  Church  of 
Rome,  gave  rise  to  a  rumour,  perpe- 
tuated by  Evelyn  in  his  Memoirs,  that 
Nelly  at  this  time  "  was  said  to  go  to 
mass.**  Evelyn  records  her  rumoured 
conversion  in  the  same  brief  entry 
with  that  of  Dryden.  "  Such  prose- 
lytes,** he  adds,  "  were  of  no  great  loss 
to  the  church.*'  f  The  rumour,  how- 
ever, was  untrue.  Nelly  was  firm  to 
the  Protestant  religion,  so  firm  indeed 
that  her  adherence  to  the  faith  of  our 
fathers  is  one  of  the  marked  charac- 
teristics of  her  life. 

Some  strict  disciplinarians  of  the 
church  will  hear  perhaps  with  a  smile  of 
incredulity  that  Nell  Gwyn  was  trou- 
bled at  any  time  with  a  thought  about 
religion.    But  their  smile  would  be 
at  least  uncharitable.    Nelly  doubtless 
had  her  days  and  moments  of  re- 
morse; and,  though  her  warmth   in 
the  cause  of  Protestantism  may  in 
the  first  instance  have  been  strength- 
ened by  her  hatred  to  the  Duchess  of 
Portsmouth,  known  as  the  advocate  of 
another  religion,   yet  the  friendship 
so  ffood  a  man  as  Tenison  is  proved 
to  nave  had  for  her  is  surely  a  suffi- 
cient answer  to  any  accusation  that 
her  faith  was  infirm  or  her  repent- 
ance insincere. 
It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  we 


know  so  little  of  the  life  of  Archbishop 
Tenison.    He  seems  to  have  risen  into 
importance  about  the  year  1680,  when 
he  was  recommended  by  Tillotson  to 
the  vacant  living  of  St.  Martin's-in- 
the-Fields,  in  London,  then  an  exten- 
sive parish,  where,  as  Baxter  described 
it,  **  neighbours  lived  like  Americans, 
without  hearing  a  sermon  for  many 
years.**     Tenison  filled  his  cure  at  St. 
Martin*s  with  so  much  courage,  toler- 
ation, and  discretion,  in  the  worst  days 
of  the  church,  that  few  except  the  ex- 
treme partisans  of  popery  have  been 
found  to  quarrel  with  his  ministry.} 
It  was  as  vicar  of  St.  Martin*s,  in  which 
parish  Pall  Mall  is  situated,  that  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  Nell  Gwyn,  per- 
haps, as  1  suspect  in  the  first  instance, 
through  the  instrumentality  of  Lower, 
then  the  most  celebrated  physician  in 
London.  §    Dr.  Lower  was  a  sturdy 
Protestant,  and  one,  as  King  James  was 
known  to  obsei*ve,  *Hhat  did  him  more 
mischief  than  a  troop  of  horse.**  He  was 
oflen  with  Nelly,  and,  as  Kennet  had 
heard  from  Tenison*8  own  lips,  "would 
pick  out  of  her  all  the  intrigues  of  the 
Court  of  King  Charles  H.**  Nor  was  his 
faith  insincere,  evincing  as  he  did  his  re- 
gard for  his  religion  by  the  bequest  of 
a  thousand  pounds  to  the  French  and 
Irish  Protestants  in  or  near  London.  || 
But  the  visits  of  Lower  to  Nelly 
were  not  for  gossip  only.     She  was 
now  far  from  well,  and  her  complaints 
were  put  into  rhyme  by  the  malicious 
pen  of  Sir  George  Etherege.    There 
is,  however,  little  wit  in  this  instance, 
and  just  as  little  truth  in  the  malice  of 
the  author  of  "  The  Man  of  Mode.*' 
One  line  however  deserves  to  be  re- 
corded,— 

Send  Dr.  Burnet  to  me  or  I  die. 

It  was  time  indeed  for  Nelly  to  send 
for  some  one.  Burnet  had  attended 
Rochester,  and  Mrs.  Roberts,  and  the 
great  Lord  Russell.  Tenison  had 
attended  Thynne,  Sir  Thomas  Arm- 
strong, and  the  Duke  of  Monmouth. 
Tenison  was  sent  for  and  attended 
Nelly. 


*  Secret  Service  Expenses,  p.  167. 

t  Evelyn,  19  January,  1685-6. 

X  Compare  Burnet  in  his  History  wttli  Lord  Dartmouth's  Notes,  and  Burnet's  own 
account  of  Tenison  to  King  William  in  Romney's  Diary,  \\,  283.  See  also  Evelyn's 
Memoirs  for  a  high  character  of  Tenison. 

§  Burnet,  ii.  S84,  ed.  18S3. 

II  Kennet's  note  ia  Wood's  Atb.  Ox.  ed.  Bliss,  iv.  299. 


1851.] 


By  Peter  Cunningham,     Chapter*  VIII, 


189 


She  now  made  her  will,  and  to  the 
foUowiDg  effect : — 

In  the  name  of  God,  Amen.     I,  Ellen 
Gwynne,  of  the  parish  of  St.  Martin-ia- 
tbe-fields,  and  county  of  Middlesex,  spin- 
ster, this  9tb  day  of  July,  anno  Domini 
1687,  do  make  this  my  last  will  and  tes- 
tament, and  do  revoke  all  former  wills. 
First,  in  hopes  of  a  joyful  resurrection,  I 
do  recommend  myself  whence  I  came,  my 
soul  into  the  hands  of  Almighty  God,  and 
my  hody  unto  the  earth,  to  be  decently 
buried,  at  the  discretion  of  my  executors, 
hereinafter  named ;  and  as  for  all  such 
houses,  lands,  tenements,  oflSces,  places, 
pensions,    annuities,    and   hereditaments 
whatsoever,  in  England,  Ireland,  or  else- 
where, wherein  I,  or  my  heirs,  or  any  to 
the  use  of,  or  in  trust  for  me  or  my  heirs, 
hath,  have,  or  may  or  ought  to  have,  any 
estate,  right,  claim  or  demand  whatsoever, 
of  fee-simple  or  freehold,  I  give  and  de- 
Tis^  the  same  all  and  wholly  to  my  dear 
natural  son,  his  Grace  the  Duke  of  St. 
Alban's,  and  to  the  heirs  of  his  body; 
and  as  for  all  and  all  manner  of  my  jewels, 
plate,  household    stuff,'  goods,    chattels, 
credits,  and  other  estate  whatsoever,   I 
give  and  bequeath  the  same,   and  every 
part  and  parcel  thereof,  to  my  executors 
hereafter  named,  in,  upon,  and  by  way  of 
trust  for,  my  said  dear  son,  his  executors, 
administrators,  and  assigns,  and  to  and 
for  his  and  their  own  sole  use  and  peculiar 
benefit  and  advantage,  in  such  manner  as 
is  hereafter  expressed ;    and  I  do  hereby 
constitute  the  Right  Hon.  Lawrence  Earl 
of  Rochester,   the   Right   Hon.   Thomas 
Earl  of  Pembroke,  the  Hon.  Sir  Robert 
Sawyer,  Knight,  his  Majesty's  Attorney 
General,  and  the    Hon.   Henry   Sidney, 
Esq.  to  be  my  executors  of  this  my  last 
will  and  testament,  desiring  them  to  please 
to  accept   and    undertake   the  execution 
hereof,  in  trust  as  afore-mentioned ;  and 
I  do  give  and  bequeath  to  the  several  per- 
sons in  the  schedule   hereunto    annexed 
the  several  legacies  and  sums  of  money 
therein  expressed  or  mentioned ;  and  my 
further  will  and  mind,  and  anything  above 
notwithstanding,  is,  that  if  my  said  dear 
son  happen   to   depart  this  natural  life 
without  issue  then  living,  or  such  issue 
die  without  issue,  then  and  in  such  case, 
all  and  all  manner  of  my  estate  above  de- 
vised to  him,  and  in  case  my  said  natural 
son  die  before  the  age  of  one^and-twenty 
years,  then  also  all  my  personal  estate  de- 
vised to   my  said  executors  not  before 
then  by  my  said  dear  son  and  his  issue, 
and  my  said  executors,  and  the  executors 
or  administrators  of  the  survivor  of  them, 
or  by  some  of  them  otherwise  lawfully 
and  firmly  devised  or  disposed  of,  shall 
remain,  go,  or  be  to  my  said  executors, 


their  heirs,  executors,  and  administrators 
respectively,  in  trust  of  and  for  answering, 
paying  and  satisfying  all  and  every  and 
all  manners  of  my  gifts,  legacies  and  direc- 
tions that  at  any  time  hereafter,  during 
my  life,  shall  be  by  me  anywise  mentioned 
or  given  in  or  by  any  codicils  or  schedule 
to  be  hereto  annexed.  And  lastly,  that 
my  said  executors  shall  have,  all  and  every 
of  them,  100/.  a-piece,  of  lawful  money, 
in  consideration  of  their  care  and  trouble 
herein,  and  furthermore,  all  their  several 
and  respective  expenses  and  charges  in 
and  about  the  execution  of  this  my  will. 
In  witness  of  all  which,  I  hereunto  set  my 
hand  and  seal,  the  day  and  year  first  above 
written.  E.  6. 

Sifftiedf  sealed f  published  and  declared, 
in  the  presence  ^  us,  who  at  the  same 
time  subscribe  our  names,  also  in  her 
presence. 

Lucy  Hamilton  Sandys,  Edward  Wy- 
borne,  John  Warner,  William  Scarborough, 
James  Booth. 

To  this,  three  months  later,  was 
added  a  codicil  and  last  request,  written 
on  a  separate  sheet  of  paper,  and 
called : — 

The  last  request  of  Mrs.  Ellen'  Gwynn  to 
his  Grace  the  Duke  of  St,  Alban'e,  made 
October  the  ISth,  1687. 

1.  I  desire  I  may  be  buried  in  the 
church  of  St.  Martin^s-in-the-fields. 

2.  That  Dr.  Tenison  may  preach  my 
funeral  sermon. 

3.  That  there  may  be  a  decent  pulpit* 
cloth  and  cushion  given  to  St.-Martin's- 
in-the-fields. 

4.  That  he  [the  Duke]  would  give  one 
hundred  pounds  for  the  use  of  the  poor 
of  the  said  St.  Martin's  and  St.  James's, 
Westminster,  to  be  given  into  the  hands 
of  the  said  Dr.  Tenison,  to  be  disposed  of 
at  his  discretion,  for  taking  any  poor 
debtors  of  the  said  parish  out  of  prison, 
and  for  cloaths  this  winter,  and  other 
necessaries,  as  he  shall  find  most  fit. 

5.  That  for  showing  my  charity  to 
those  who  differ  from  me  in  religion,  I 
desire  that  fifty  pounds  may  be  put  into 
the  hands  of  Dr.  Tenison  and  Mr.  War- 
ner, who,  taking  to  them  any  two  persons 
of  the  Roman  Religion,  may  dispose  of  it 
for  the  use  of  the  poor  of  that  religion 
inhabiting  in  the  parish  of  St.  James's 
aforesaid. 

6.  That  Mrs.  Rose  Forster  may  have 
two  hundred  pounds  given  to  her,  any 
time  within  a  year  after  my  decease. 

7.  That  Jo.,  my  porter,  may  have  ten 
pounds  given  him. 

A/y  request  to  his  Grace  is,  further — 

8.  That  my  present  nurses  may  have 


140 


The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn. 


[Aug. 


ten  pounds  each,  and  mourning,  besides 
their  wages  due  to  them. 

9.  That  my  present  servants  may  have 
mourning  each,  and  a  year's  wages,  be- 
sides their  wages  due. 

10.  That  the  Lady  Fairbome  may  have 
fifty  pounds  given  her  to  buy  a  ring. 

11.  That  my  kinsman,  Mr.  Cholmley, 
may  have  one  hundred  pounds  given  to 
him,  within  a  year  after  this  date. 

12.  That  his  Grace  would  please  to  lay 
out  twenty  pounds  yearly,  for  the  releas- 
ing of  poor  debtors  out  of  prison,  every 
Christmas-day. 

13.  That  Mr.  John  Warner  may  have 
fifty  pounds  given  him  to  buy  a  ring. 

14.  That  the  Lady  Holly  man  may  have 
the  pension  of  ten  shillings  per  week, 
continued  to  her  during  the  said  lady's 
life. 

Oct.  18,  "97,— This  request  was  attested 
and  acknowledged^  in  the  presence  ofuSf 
—  John  Hetherington,  Hannah  Grace, 
Daniel  Dyer.* 

She  died  of  apoplexy  in  Nov.  1687,t 
in  her  thirty-eighth  year,  but  the  day 
of  her  death  is  unknown.  "  Her  re- 
pentance in  her  last  hours,  I  have 
been  unquestionably  informed,"  writes 
Gibber,  "  appeared  in  all  the  contrite 
symptoms  oi  a  Christian  sincerity." 
^*  She  is  said  to  have  died  piously  and 
penitently,"  writes  Wiffmore  to  Sir 
George  Etherege,  then  Envoy  at  Ra- 
tbbon,  "  and,  as  she  dispensea  several 
charities  in  her  lifetime,  so  she  left 
several  such  legacies  at  her  death."  \ 

On  the  night  of  the  l7th  Novem- 
ber, 1687,  the  orange  girl  in  the  play- 
house pit — ^the  pretty  witty  Nelly  of 
Pepys — and  the  Almsmide  of  Dryden's 
pla^  and  King  Charles's  admiration,  was 
buried,  according  to  her  own  request, 
in  the  church  or  St.  Martin*s-in-the- 
Fields.  There  was  no  great  osten- 
tation at  the  funeral,  considering  the 
charges  at  which  funerals  were  then 
conducted ;  and  the  expenses  of  her 


interment,  375Z.,  were  advanced  by 
Sir  Stephen  Fox,  and  deducted  from 
the  next  quarter's  allowance  of  1500/. 
a  year,  which  King  James  had  settled 
upon  her,  and  afterwards  continued  to 
her  son.§    Grood  Dr.  Tenison  too  com- 

Elied  with  her  request,  and  preached 
er  funeral  sermon;  but  what  the 
Doctor  said — beyond  much  to  her 
praise — no  one  has  told  us.  The  church 
was  doubtless  crowded  on  the  occar 
sion — all  the  apprentices  who  could 
obtain  leave  from  their  masters  for 
such  a  lesson  were  there,  and  perhaps 
many  a  wet  eye  was  seen,  for  tne  then 
vicar  of  St.  Martin's  was  an  impres- 
sive preacher. 

It  was  bold  in  Tenison  to  preach 
such  a  sermon,  and  on  such  a  person^ 
but  the  good  Doctor  knew  the  worth 
of  Nelly  and  was  not  afraid.  He 
was  not  however  without  censure  for 
what  he  had  done.  Some  mercenary 
people  printed  a  sermon,  said  to  have 
been  preached  by  the  excellent  vicar, 
and  employed  hawkers  to  cry  it  in  the 
streets,  which  the  Doctor  himself  was 
obliged  to  denounce  in  print  as  a 
"forgery.")  Others  went  fiirther; 
and  when  in  1691  the  see  of  Lincoln 
was  vacant,  and  Tenison  was  all  but 
appointed  to  it,  Viscount  Villiers,  af- 
terwards the  first  Earl  of  Jersey,  in  his 
zeal  for  the  rector  of  the  parish  of  St.' 
Giles's-in-the-Fields,  immediately  ad- 
joining St.  Martin's,  made  it  a  reason 
to  Queen  Mary  for  the  exclusion  of 
the  good  Doctor  that  he  had  preached 
"  a  notable  funeral  sermon  m  praise 
of  Ellen  Gwyn."  But  the  daughter 
of  King  James,  and  the  wife  of  Kins 
William,  who  had  her  own  channefi 
of  information,  was  not  to  be  led  aside 
from  what  she  knew  was  right  by  so 
weak  a  complaint,  though  advanced 
by  a  highly-favoured  servant  of  her 


♦  The  will  was  proved,  Dec.  7,  at  the  PrerogatiTe  Will  Office  in  Doctors'  Commons, 
and  the  original  on  the  18th  of  February  following  delirered  to  Sir  Robert  Sawyer, 
one  of  the  executors. 

t  Letter  of  23  March,  1687,  in  Ellis^g  Correspondence,  i.  264,  '<  Mn.  Nelly  is  dying 
of  an  apoplexy." 

I  Cibber's  Apology,  p.  451,  ed.  1740.  Letter  of  18  Not.  1687,  printed  in  Seward's 
Anecdotes.     Her  wealth  in  the  same  letter  is  stated  at  a  million ! 

§  Secret  Service  Expenses  of  Charles  II.  and  James  II.  p.  177. 

II  Advertisement, 

Whereas  there  has  beeen  a  paper  cry'd  by  some  hawkers,  as  a  sermon  preached  by 
D.  T.  at  the  funeral  of  M.  E.  Gwyno,  this  may  certify,  that  that  paper  is  the 
forgery  of  some  mercenary  people.— Afr.  Pulton  considered  by  Tho.  Tenison,  D,D.  4o. 
1687. 


1851.] 


By  Peter  CwUningham.     Chapter  VIIL 


141 


own.  "  I  have  heard  as  mnch,*'  said 
the  good  Qneen  Mary  to  her  Master 
of  the  Horse,  **  and  this  is  a  sign  that 
the  poor  unfortunate  woman  died 
penitent ;  for,  if  I  have  read  a  man*s 
heart  through  his  looks,  had  she  not 
made  a  tnuj  pious  end,  the  Doctor 
nerer  could  have  been  induced  to 
speak  well  of  her."  *  I  need  hardly 
add  that  Tepison  obtained  the  see, 
and  that  he  lived  to  fill  with  honour 
to  himself  and  service  to  the  Church 
the  more  important  office  of  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury.  It  majr  how- 
ever oe  new  to  some  that  in  his  own 
will  he  strictly  forbids  either  funeral 
sermon  or  oration  at  his  own  inter- 
nient.  There  is  satire  in  this.  To 
have  praised  even  Tenison  might  by 
some  courtier  or  another  have  been 
made  a  barrier  to  the  promotion  of  an 
able  and  perhaps  better  deserving 
person. 

The  son  acceded  to  the  dying  re- 
quests of  his  mother  by  the  following 
writing  beneath  the  codicil : — 

Dec.  5,  1687. — I  doe  consent  that  this 
paper  of  request  may  be  made  a  codicil  to 
Mrs.  Gwinn^s  will. 

St.  Alb  an 's. 

Be  lived  moreover  to  distinguish 
himself  at  the  siege  oif  Belgrade,  to 
become  a  Knight  oi  the  Garter,  and  to 
die  the  father  of  eight  sons  by  his  wife 
Diana,  daughter  and  heir  of  Aubrey 
de  Yere,  the  twentieth  and  last  Earl 
of  Oxford — commemorated,  as  I  have 
already  observed,  among  the  Kneller 
beauties  in  the  collection  at  Hampton 
Court.  He  died  intestate  in  1726. 
His  widow  survived  till  1742.  The 
title  still  exists — and  has  of  late  years 
oddly  enough  been  notoriously  but 
honourably  before  the  public  from 
the  enormous  wealth  of  the  cele- 
brated Duchess  of  St.  Alban's,  widow 
of  Coutts  the  banker,  originally  known, 
and  favourably  too,  upon  the  stage  as 
Miss  Mellon-  ^ot  unlike  in  many 
points  were  Eleanor  Gwyn  and  Har- 
riet Mellon.  The  fathers  of  both  were 
in  the  army,  and  both  never  knew 
what  it  was  to  have  a  father.    Both 


rose  by  the  stage,  and  both  were 
charitable.  Here,  however^  ihe  pand- 
lel  ceases.    Harriet  was  not  a  JNellt. 

There  are  many  portraits  of  Kell 
Gwyn — ^few  heads  of  her  tiihe  make  a 
more  profitable  traffic  amot^  dealers. 
Yet  very  few  are  genuine.  She  sat  to 
Lely,  to  Cooper,  and  to  Gascar.  Aii 
"  unfinished  portrait  of  her  wad  sold 
at  Sir  Peter  Lely's  sale  %6  Hugh  May, 
for  25/.t  No.  306  of  King  James  11.18 
pictures  was  "  Madam  Gwyn's  picture, 
naked,  with  a  Cupid,"  done  by  Lely, 
and  concealed  by  a  "  sliding  piece," 
a  copy  by  Danckers  of  the  Countess  of 
Dorset,  by  Van  Dyck.J  Among  the 
pictures  "  of  Mr.  Lely*s  doing  "  which 
Mrs.  Beale,  the  painter,  saw  at  Bap. 
May's  lodgings  at  Whitehall,  in  April 
1677,  was  "  Mrs.  Gwyn,  with  a  lamb, 
half-length."§  "  Some  years  since," 
says  Tom  Davies,  writing  in  1784,  "  I 
saw  at  Mr.  Berencer's  house  in  die 
Mews  a  picture  of  Nell  Grwyn,  said  to 
have  been  drawn  by  Sir  Peter  Lely ; 
and  she  appeared  to  have  been  )e2t'- 
tremely  attractive."  K 

With  the  single  exception  of  a  tob 
grave  and  thoughtful  picture  in  the 
Lely  room  at  Hampton  Court,  there  fe 
not  a  single  picture  of  Nelly  in  any  bf 
the  royal  collections.  When  Qudeb 
Charlotte  was  asked  whethier  shb  re- 
collected a  famous  picture  of  NeU 
Gwyn,  known  to  have  existed  in  the 
Windsor  gallery,  and  which  the  Queeh 
was  suspected  of  having  removed,  she 
replied  at  once  "  that  most  assuiie^^ 
since  she  had  resided  at  Windsor  there 
had  been  no  Nell  Gwyn  there."^ 

A  full-length  of  her,  in  a  yellow  and 
blue  dress,  and  black-brown  hair,  wtlis 
sold  at  the  Stowe  sale  for  100  guineas, 
and  has  been  engraved.  At  Grood- 
wood  is  a  full-length  of  her,  neither 
clever  nor  like.  Other  portraits  of 
her  are  to  be  seen  at  Elvaston  (Lord 
Harrington's^ ;  at  Welbeck,  in  water 
colours,  with  her  two  children;  at 
Sudbury  (Lord  Vernon's);  andat  Oak- 
ley Grove  (Lord  Bathurst's).  That  cu- 
rious inquurer  Sir  William  Musgrave 
had  seen  portraits  of  her  at  Bmeton 


*  Life  of  Tenison,  p.  20.  Lord  Jersey  should  have  recollected  that  the  father  of 
bis  own  wife  was  no  less  a  person  than  the  infamons  Will.  Chiffinch. 

f  Acconnts  of  Roger  North,  the  executor  of  Lely.  Addit.  MS.  in  Brit.  Mus.  16,174. 

X  Harl.  MS.  1B90,  compare  Walpole's  edit.  Dallaway,  iii.  58.  There  is  a  imique 
print  of  this  in  the  Bumey  Collection  in  the  British  Museum. 

%  Walpole  by  Dallaway,  iii.  140. 

II  Davies'i  Dramatic  Miscellanies,  iiL  269. 

S  BAn.  Jameton't  Pteftioe  to  Beauties  of  the  Court  of  King  Charles  II. 


142 


The  Story  of  Nell  Gwyn. 


[Aug. 


and  at  Lord  Portmore*s  at  Weybridge. 
At  the  Garrick  Club  is  a  namby- 
pamby  and  pretty  small  portrait  called 
Nell  Gwyn,  but  surely  not  Nelly. 
Marshal  Grosvenor  had  the  fine  por- 
trait with  the  lamb,  once  belonging  to 
the  St.  Alban*s  family,  and  since  so 
finely  engraved  for  Mrs.  Jameson's 
Beauties.  "The  turn  of  the  neck," 
says  Mrs.  Jameson,  "  and  the  air  of 
the  head  are  full  of  grace  and  charac- 
ter, and  the  whole  picture,  though  a 
little  injured  by  time,  is  exquisitely 
painted.  The  portrait  at  I)rayton 
Manor,  bought  by  the  late  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  is  the  same  as  the  Grosvenor  pic- 
ture, except  that  the  lamb  is  omitted.* 
At  Mr.  BernaFs,  in  Eaton  Square,  is  a 
clever  copy  of  the  time  after  Lely ;  and 
amous  the  miniatures  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch  is  her  head  by  Cooper,  for 
which  it  is  said  the  Exchequer  papers 
record  the  price  paid  to  that  pamter. 

Of  the  engravings  from  her  por- 
traits, the  best  are  by  Gerard  Valck, 
the  brother-in-law  of  filooteling.  Valck 
was  a  contemporary  of  Nell  Gwyn, 
and  fine  impressions  of  his  Lely  en- 
graving realise  high  prices;  but  the 
print  of  her  which  collectors  ar^  most 
curious  about  is  that  after  Grascar, 
evidently  engraved  abroad,  it  is  thought 
by  Masson,  in  which  she  is  represented, 
covered  by  the  famous  lacea  chemise, 
lying  on  a  bed  of  roses,  from  which 
her  two  children,  as  cupids,  are  with- 
drawing the  curtains — King  Charles 
II.  in  the  distance.  She  wears  as  well 
the  famous  Rupert  necklace  of  pearls. 
The  Stowe  impression — the  last  sold 
— brought  eight  guineas.  In  all  her 
pictures  we  have  what  Ben  Jonson  so 
much  admires — 

Hair  loosely  flowing,  robes  as  free. 

But  few — the  Lely  with  the  lamb  ex- 
cepted— render  justice  to  those  charms 
of  face  and  figure  which  her  contem- 

E>rarie8  loved  to  admire,  and  which 
ely  alone  had  the  skill   to  transfer 
even  in  part  to  canvas.f 

On  lookins  back  at  what  I  have 
written  of  this  Story  in  the  chapters 


already  printed,  I  see  little  to  omit  or 
add — unless  I  wander  into  the  satires 
of  the  time,  and  poison  my  pages  with 
the  gross  libels  of  that  age  of  lampoons. 
Not  to  have  occasioned  one  satire  or 
even  more  was  to  say  little  for  the  re- 

f)utation  (of  any  kind)  of  the  ladv  who 
ived  within  the  atmosphere  of  White- 
hall :— 

Like  her  who  missed  her  name'ln  a  lampoon 
And  sigh'd— to  find  herself  decay'd  so  soon. 

Nelly  did  not  escape,  and,  though  the 
subject  of  some  very  gross  satires,  she 
had  this  consolation,  if  she  heeded 
them  at  all,  that  there  were  others  who 
fared  still  worse,  and  perhaps  deserved 
better.  Yet  it  would  be  wrong  to 
close  the  story  of  her  life  without  men- 
tioning the  present  of  the  large  Bible 
which  she  made  to  Oliver  CromweH's 
porter,  when  a  prisoner  in  Bedlam; 
often  referred  to  by  the  writers  of  her 
age ;  her  paying  the  debt  of  a  worthy 
clergyman  whom,  as  she  was  going 
through  the  city,  she  saw  bailiffs  hurry- 
ing to  prison ;  \  or  her  present  to 
Pat  0*Bryan,  so  characteristically  re- 
lated in  the  following  quotation  : — 

**  Afterwards  Pat  O*  Bryan,  scorning  to 
rob  on  foot,  he  would  become  an  absolute 
highway-man,  by  robbing  on  horseback. 
The  first  prey  be  met  was  Nell  Gwyn  ;  and 
stopping  her  coach  on  the  road  to  Win- 
chester, quoth  he, '  Madam,  I  am,  by  my 
shalvashion,  a  fery  good  shentleman^and 
near  relation  to  his  Majesty's  Grash  the 
Duke  of  Ormond ;  but  being  in  want  of 
money,  and  knowing  you  to  be  a  sharita- 

ble  w ,  I  hope  you  will  give  me  shome- 

thing  after  IWe  took  all  you  have  away.' 
Honest  Nell,  seeing  the  simplicity  of  the 
fellow,  and  laughing  heartily  at  bis  bull, 
gave  him  ten  guineas,  with  which  Teague 
rid  away,  without  doing  any  further 
damage.* '§ 

Stories  of  this  nature,  though  per- 
haps only  coloured  with  truth,  are  not 
to  be  made  light  of  by  biographers. 
They  shew  characteristics  ana  the 
general  appreciation  at  the  time  of  the 
individuals  to  whom  they  relate.  There 
is  not  a  storv  told  of  Nelly  in  the 
commonest  cnap  book  or  jest  book. 


*  Mrs.  Jameson's  Private  Picture  Galleries,  p.  375. 

t  For  her  bust  or  effigy  at  Bagnigge  Wells  see  Waldron's  ed.  of  Downes,  p.  16,  and 
Gent  Mag.  for  June,  1835,  p.  562.  I  do  not  believe  in  the  straight-armed  portrait 
engraved  by  Van  Bleeck  and  now  in  Mr.  Bernal's  possession. 

X  Granger,  iv.  210  and  188.  '<  Like  Oliver's  porter,  but  not  so  devout,"  is  a  line 
in  D'Urfey*s  Prologue  to  Sir  Barnaby  Whigg,  1681. 

I  Capt.  Alexander  Smith's  Lives  of  jEIighwaymen,  London,  1 H9,  vol.  i.  p.  S60. 


1851.] 


The  Galleys  of  England  and  France. 


148 


published  while  her  memory  was  jet 
cherished  among  the  children  to  whose 
fathers  and  mothers  she  was  known, 
but  what  evinces  either  harmless  hu- 
mour or  a  sympathising  heart.  No 
wonder  then  that  there  is  still  an  odd 
fascination  about  her  name,  and  that 
Granger's  remark  of  "  Whatever  she 
did  became  her,"  is  at  least  as  worthy 
of  belief  as  Burnet's  calling  her  **  the 
indiscreetest  and  wildest  creature  that 
ever  was  in  a  court."  * 

The  true  apology  for  this  Story  and 
Nell  Gwyn's  life  is  to  be  found  in 
Gibber's  defence  of  his  own  conduct, 
where,  when  speaking  of  Nelly,  he 
observes : 


(( 


If  the  common  fame  of  bar  may  be 
believed,  which  in  my  memory  was  not 
doubted,  sbe  had  less  to  be  laid  to  her 
charge  than  any  other  of  tbose  ladies 
who  were  in  the  same  state  of  preferment. 
She  never  meddled  in  matters  of  any 
serious  moment,  or  was  the  tool  of  work- 
ing poUticians.  Never  broke  into  those 
amorous  infidelities  which  others  are  ac- 


cused of  ;  but  was  as  visibly  distingubhed 
by  her  particular  personal  inchnation  for 
the  king  as  her  rivals  were  by  their  titles 
and  grandeur.*'  f 

I  doubt  not,  says  that  great  and 
good  man  Sir  Thomas  More,  that 
some  shall  think  this  woman  (he  is 
writing  of  Jane  Shore)  too  slight  a 
thing  to  be  written  of  and  set  among 
the  remembrances  of  great  matters. 
"  But  meseemeth,"he  adds,  ^Hhe  chance 
worthy  to  be  remembered — for,  where 
the  King  took  displeasure,  she  would 
mitigate  and  appease  his  mind ;  where 
men  were  out  of  favour  she  would 
bring  them  in  his  grace ;  for  many  that 
had  highly  offended  she  obtained 
pardon;  of  great  forfeitures  she  gat 
men  remission;  and  finally  in  many 
weighty  suits  she  stood  more  in  great 
stead,  either  for  money  or  very  small 
rewards."  Wise  and  virtuous  Thomas 
More,  pious  and  manly  Thomas  Te- 
nison,  pretty  and  witty — and  surely 
with  much  that  was  good  in  her — 
Eleanor  Gwyn. 


Note, — I  have  great  pleasure  in  extracting  the  following  defence  of  Nelly  from  the  Pre- 
face to  Douglas  Jerrold's  drama  of  "  Nell  Gwyn,  or  the  Prologue,''  a  capitally  constructed 
piece,  and  one  true  throughout  to  its  heroine  and  the  manners  of  the  age  in  which 
Nelly  lived : — **  Whilst  we  may  safely  reject  as  unfounded  gossip  many  of  the  stories 
associated  with  the  name  of  Nell  Gwyn,  we  cannot  refuse  belief  to  the  various  proofs 
of  kind-heartedness,  liberality,  and — taking  into  consideration  her  subsequent  power 
to  do  harm — absolute  goodness  of  a  woman  mingling  (if  we  may  believe  a  passage  in 
Pepys)  from  her  earliest  years  in  the  most  depraved  scenes  of  a  most  dissolute  age.  The 
life  of  Nell  Gwyn,  from  the  time  of  her  connexion  with  Charles  II.  to  that  of  her  death, 
proved  that  error  had  been  forced  upon  her  by  circumstances,  rather  than  indulged  from 
choice.  It  was  under  this  impression  that  the  present  little  comedy  was  undertaken ; 
under  this  conviction  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  shew  some  glimpses  of  the  '  silver 
lining '  of  a  character,  to  whose  influence  over  an  unprincipled  voluptuary  we  owe  a 
national  asylum  for  veteran  soldiers,  and  whose  brightness  shines  with  the  most  amiable 
lustre  in  many  actions  of  her  life,  and  in  the  last  disposal  of  her  worldly  effects.*' 


THE  GALLEYS  OF  ENGLAND  AND  FRANCE. 
LesBagnes.  Histoire,  Types,  Moeurs,  Mysteres.  Par  Maurice  Alhoy.  Paris.  8vo.  1849. 

The  queen  had  built  a  single  galley, 
and  had  others  in  a  state  of  prepara- 
tion. To  man  the  former  she  selected 
a  crew  from  the  prisons;  and,  although 
the  avowed  intention  of  this  new  ar- 
rangement was  to  increase  the  severity 
of  punishment,  it  seems  scarcely  pos- 
sible, considering  what  English  prisons 
then  were,  that  the  objects  so  selected 


IN  the  volume  of  Egerton  Papers, 
edited  for  the  Camden  Society  by  Mr. 
J.  Payne  CoUier,  there  is  a  reminis- 
cence of  Elizabeth  which  is  of  consi- 
derable interest.  It  refers  to  the  de- 
signed introduction  into  England  by 
our  Protestant  Queen  of  a  system  of 
forced  labour  in  galleys,  similar  to 
that  practised  in  France  and  Italy. 


♦  Burnet,  i.  457,  ed.  1823. 


t  Cibber^s  Apology,  p.  450,  ed.  1740. 


144 


Hks  Galleys  of  England  and  France. 


[Aug. 


must  not  have  hailed  the  decree  which 
dragged  them  from  dirt,  from  dark- 
ness, and  from  want,  to  free  air,  to 
chains  warmed  hj  the  sun,  and  to  the 
heavy  oar,»  handled  indeed  bj  slaves, 
but  dipped  into  the  freely-flowing 
waters. 

In  England  criminals  had  never  be- 
fore been  sentenced  to  the  galleys,  nor 
did  that  kind  of  punishment  ever  take 
root  amongst  us.  £xile,  banishment,  and 
finally  transportation,  superseded  it. 
Transportation  to  our  North  Ameri- 
can colonies  was  the  first  kind  of 
banishment,  united  to  labour,  which 
was  extensively  practised  amongst  us. 
When  the  colonies  became  independent 
confinement  on  board  hulks  was  sub- 
stituted. But  the  number  of  convicts 
increased  beyond  the  power  of  dealing 
with  them,  either  by  confinement  or 
by  forced  labour  at  home,  either  in 
ships  or  dock-yards.  Society  became 
alarmed,  and  maintained  its  fear  till 
the  Sirius  and  the  Supply  took  from 
our  shores  their  first  chartered  cargoes 
of  living  guilt,  and  flung  them  almost 
unc^rea  K>r  on  the  shingle  of  Botany 
Bay.    This  was  in  1788. 

Society  at  hoine  felt  relieved  as  soon 
as  a  flag-stafl*  was  erected  at  Fort 
Jackson,  and  Grovernor  Phillip  repre- 
sented under  it  the  Majesty  of  Eng- 
land. Convicts  were  crammed  into 
ships  built  like  slavers.  Cruelty,  pes- 
tilcince,  and  death  reigned  on  board, 
but  our  own  hearths  were  by  so  much 
the  less  imperilled,  and  we  had  little 
scruple  in  planting  profligacy  at  the 
antipodes.  Our  fathers  thought  they 
had  done  enough  by  providing  profli- 
gacy with  a  chaplain.  If  he  happened 
to  be  a  good  Christian  missionary  it 
was,  as  far  as  it  went,  in  favour  of  the 
proscribed  and  heathenish  men  among 
whom  he  had  to  minister.  But,  un- 
fortunately, sixty  years  ago  there  were 
still  too  many  chaplains  whose  ortho- 
doxy was  built  upon  the  model  of 
Fielding*s  Newgate  Ordinary ;  a  gen- 
tleman, it  will  be  remembered,  who 
held  that  there  was  nothing  so  deceit- 
ful as  the  spirits  given  to  us  by  wine, 
but  who  expressed  his  admiration  of 
punch  as  a  liauor  "  no  where  spoken 
against  in  Scnpture." 

That  the  first  settlers  were  allowed 
a  chaplain  at  all  was  owing  neither  to 
the  solicitude  of  the  government  nor 
6 


of  the  nation.  Three  individuals  raised 
their  voices  so  loudly  that  the  nation 
took  up  the  note,  ana  the  government 
acquiesced.    The  individuals  alluded 
to  were  Bishop  Porteus,  Wilberforce, 
and  Sir  Joseph  Bankes.    The  minister 
selected  was  named  Johnstone.     The 
means  employed,  perhaps  in  spite  of 
him,  for  the  moral  improvement  of  the 
convicts  were  somewhat  startling.  For 
instance,  they  who  infringed  the  colo- 
nial rule  01  government  were  con- 
demned to  work  during  the  whole  of 
Sunday  on  the  highways.     He  who 
ofiended  Governor  Phillip  was  com- 
pelled abo  to  offend  Heaven.    The  con- 
vict who  transgressed  the  human  was 
forced  to  insult  the  divine  law,  and  he 
who  broke  the  eighth  commandment 
was  condemned,  as  a  penalty,  to  break 
the  fourth.    If  there  were  any  lofi;ical 
rogues  among  them,  they  must  have 
been  sadly  puzzled  to  draw  a  satisfac- 
tory conclusion  from  such  strangely 
constructed  premises. 

With  all  tnis,  however,  our  home- 
tarrying  citizens  troubled  themselves 
nothing.  Amused  they  sometimes  were. 
They  could  criticise  Governor  Phillip, 
and  speculate  on  the  conduct  of  his 
successors  Grose,  Paterson,  and  Hun- 
ter. They  smiled  when  the  good  chap- 
lain built  a  church  out  of  his  own 
scanty  revenue.  It  was  the  first  erected 
in  Australia,  and  cost  but  40/.  The 
convicts  burnt  it  down  because  at- 
tendance was  enforced.  There  were 
few  to  sigh  over  the  work  of  destruc- 
tion. The^  rather  lauehed  at  a  Field- 
inff-ian  incident  which  befel  the  chap- 
lain about  the  time  he  lost  his  little 
church.  He  had  met  among  the  con- 
victs with  an  old  schoolfellow.  He 
had  compassion  upon  him  and  took 
him  into  his  service,  but  the  ungrateful 
co'olumnus  plundered  his  benefactor 
in  the  very  exercise  of  his  benevolence. 
And  people  smiled  as  they  did  in 
France  when  they  heard  at  Toulon  of 
what  befel  the  Archbishop  of  Frejus, 
whose  archiepiscopal  ring  was  drawn 
off'  his  finger  by  a  convict  upon  whom 
he  was  in  the  act  of  giving  his  pastoral 
benediction.  It  seems  as  though  all 
acts  of  fraud  committed  against  those 
who  should  be  least  exposed  to  them 
were  but  lightly  weighed  by  society. 
We  are  too  apt  to  think  little  of 
crimes  which  are    dexterously    per- 


1861.] 


77uf  Galleys  of  England  and  Finance. 


145 


formed  or  wittilj  accounted  for.  Who 
looks  upon  that  Irish  chieflain  as  an 
inoendiary,  who  apologised  for  setting 
fire  to  Limerick  cathedral  on  the 
ground  that  he  thought  the  archbishop 
was  tn  it  at  the  time?  The  first  churcn 
built  and  burnt  in  Australia  might 
have  had  its  destruction  accounted  for 
on  the  same  principle.  Perhaps  for 
some  similar  reason  the  convicts  fired 
and  destroyed  the  prisons  at  Sydney 
and  Paramatta;  that  is,  because  the 
incendiaries  imagined  that  Grovemor 
Hunter  was  within  them.  However 
this  may  be,  the  incendiary  convicts 
made  the  colony  too  hot  to  hold  him. 
They  fairly  burned  him  out,  and  Cap- 
tain King  succeeded  to  the  seat  ere  it 
was  yet  cool.  The  reini  of  the  new 
governor  was  marked  by  famine, 
drunkenness,  and  rebellion.  King,  in 
abandoning  the  agricultural  experi- 
ment in  Norfolk  Island,  declared  that 
farmers  could  not  be  made  out  of 
pickpockets.  The  men  became  idle 
and  nungrV)  and,  being  compelled  to 
eat  **  9cnibbmf'bru8he8^  as  tne  coarse 
loaves  of  the  island  were  called,  they 
lent  ear  to  some  Irish  rebels,  who 
urged  them  to  strike  for  liberty  and  new 
bread.  Blood  was  spilt,  the  rebellion 
was  crushed,  and  King  was  recalled. 
There  succeeded  to  him  no  less  a  man 
than  that  child  of  ill-fortune  Cap- 
tain Bligh,  of  the  Bounty.  Hi-starred 
ashore  as  afloat,  his  acts  drove  men 
into  rebellion,  and,  afler  an  insurrec- 
tion, he  was  formally  deposed.  The 
government  at  home  sent  out  Mac- 
quarrie  to  succeed  him,  a  mock  restor- 
ation of  Bligh's  authority  for  four-and- 
twenty  hours  having  been  proclaimed, 
just  to  save  appearances.  The  go- 
vernment condemned  the  traitors,  but 
they  legalised  their  treason.  They 
made  Captain  Bligh  a  vice-admiral,  but 
they  accepted  the  acts  of  the  usurpers 
who  drove  him  firom  authority. 

With  Macquarrie  fairly  commenced 
the  problem  of  transportation.  It  may 
be  said^  upon  the  whole,  to  have  suc- 
ceeded ;  but,  unfortunately,  just  as 
this  success  has  been,  perhaps  only 
partially,  achieved,  up  nse  the  anti- 
podean settlers  in  the  land  and  declare 
that,  henceforth,  no  transported  crimi- 
nal shall  set  foot  upon  their  shore.  To 
this  declaration  the  home  government 
has  returned  not  the  most  agreeable 
of  rejoinders.    There  is  therefore  a 

GniT.  Mao.  You  XXXYI. 


crisis ;  and  at  this  critical  moment  we 
opened  Monsieur  Alhoy*s  book  with 
an  eager  curiosity,  founded  on  indi* 
vidual  interest  and  the  general  im- 
portance of  the  question. 

We  have  been  disappointed.  Not 
that  the  book  on  French  Bagnes  and 
French  Fargats  laoks  interest  in  anj 
one  of  its  pages ;  on  the  contrary,  it 
id  the  most  amusing  of  volumes  after 
its  fashion,  which,  we  must  confess* 
partakes  something  of  the  Newgate 
Calendar.  But  it  is  wanting  in  the 
information  which  we  chieffy  need* 
namely,  how  can  a  country  best  main- 
tain its  criminals  when  transportation 
as  a  penalty  can  no  longer  be  efiectedf 
M.  Alhoy  prefers  the  galleys^  as  the 
convict  dfiscipline  and  labour  at  Brest, 
Rochefort,  and  Toulon  are  still  called, 
to  any  other  system.    Both  the  disoi- 

Eline  and  labour  as  punishments  are 
orrlbly  severe ;  both  are  abused,  both 
are  confessedly  useless  as  correctives. 
They  form  a  penalty  and  a  vengeance, 
and  never  lead  to  reformation.  Yet 
M.  Alhov  sneers  at  and  condemns  the 
whole  of  our  transported-convict  pro- 
cess. In  the  face  of  its  results,  he 
claims  preference  for  the  merciless 
system  practised  in  the  French  bagnes. 
Its  cruelty  is  greater  in  degree,  no 
doubt ;  but  then  it  does  not  move  to 
repentance,  or  even  to  simple,  honest, 
regret.  It  merely  excites  exaspera- 
tion and  impels  to  bloody  vengeance. 
Something  is  to  be  allowed  for  the  dif- 
ferences of  national  character.  Among 
the  convicts  wearing  green  cape^  de- 
noting that  they  were  '*  for  lire,**  the 
author  counted  one  hundred  and  odd 
parricides,  and  of  these  a  quarter  of  a 
nundred  were  tailors  I  In  this  conn- 
try  we  happily  could  not  find  either 
the  greater  or  the  smaller  number. 
Were  our  sedentarv  and  bloodless 
brethren  of  the  needle  to  be  smitten 
with  a  desire  of  slaying  their  sires,  we 
perhaps  might  think  too  that  trans- 
portation would  hardly  be  equivalent 
as  a  penalty  to  the  outrageous  horror 
of  the  offence ;  but  France  finds  ex- 
tenuating circumstances  in  these  casea, 
and  sends  their  quiet-looking,  bat 
sanguinary,  perpetrators  to  the  galleys 
for  life.  The  shade  of  John  Btowe 
need  not  blush ;  the  crime  b  uncom- 
mon among  the  tailors  as  among  the 
men  of  England. 
In  spite,  or  perhaps  in  cooseqoencc. 


14Q 


The  Galley 9  of  England  and  France, 


[Aug. 


of  its  severity,  the  forqat  system  has 
oftener  been  abused  in  France  than 
our  convict  system  in  the  colonies. 

The  instances  in  M.  Alhoy's  book 
are  multitudinous.  We  need  only 
mention  the  case  of  a  music  and 
singinff  master  condemned  for  some 
terrible  crime.  Influence,  aptly  exer- 
cised, succeeded  in  procuring  for  the 
convict  a  continuous  day  rule.  Every 
morning  he  left  the  cells  of  Brest, 
daintily  attired,  and  proceeded  to  im- 
part the  teaching  of  sweet  sounds  to 
the  daughters  of  the  first  families  in 
the  town.  The  only  condition  im- 
posed upon  him  was  that  he  should 
wear  round  his  ancle  a  light  and 
polished  iron  ring.  The  perfumed 
convict  beat  time  upon  it  with  his 
cane,  as  he  issued  to  his  daily  work, 
humming  some  gay  refrain.  It  is  only 
a  French  convict  so  placed  who,  with- 
out suspecting  or  being  troubled  by 
the  application  of  the  words,  could 
^ith  unruffledcomplacency  have  taught 
his  young  pupil  the  beauties  of  the 
well-known  air  '^Prendi;  Vannel  ti 
dono." 

The  sum  of  the  information  afforded 
by  Monsieur  Alhoy  amounts  briefly 
to  this :  the  for9ats  of  France  are 
numerous  and  ill-cared  for.  They  are 
inhumanly  worked,  ill-fed  (meat  being 
seldom  or  never  allowed  them),  and 
worse  lodged.  A  series  of  inclined 
boards  forms  their  beds,  and  they  have 
no  covering  except  the  clothes  in  which 
they  have  slaved  all  day  beneath 
the  fiercest  of  suns,  and  in  the  most 
rainy  of  climates.  There  is  no  classi- 
fication, nor  any  attempt  at  it.  The 
stripling  of  an  honourable  house,  who 
in  some  unguarded  moment  has  of- 
fended the  Taw,  and  is  condemned  to 
expiate  his  offence  by  a  few  years  at 
the  chain,  this  perliaps  involuntary 
culprit  who  has  smned  but  in  a  light 
degree,  pale,  weak,  and  trembling,  has 
his  fetters  riveted  to  those  of  some 
stalwart  savage  reeking  with  blood, 
whose  lips  never  open  but  to  blaspheme, 
and  whose  limbs  never  move  out  to 
give  torture  to  the  companion  of  his 
chain.  This  ill-assorted  couple,  still 
in  bonds,  sleep  together  at  night  amid 


some  hundreds  of  others  equally  ill 
and  unjustly  conjoined.  Riots  in  the 
wards  are  not  unfrequent,  but  they 
are  always  summarily  settled  by  the 
muskets  of  the  troops  thrust  through 
the  grated  windows.  In  the  case  of 
the  couple  to  whom  we  have  referred, 
a  mutinous  expression  is  perhaps  fluns 
at  the  soldiery  by  the  old  and  hardened 
offender;  it  is  answered  by  a  discharge 
of  musketry,  and  a  shot  stretches  dead, 
not  the  mutinous  criminal,  but  the 
silent  and  terrified  companion  locked 
to  his  side.  Such  scenes  and  such 
terminations  to  them  frequently  occur. 
Chaplain  after  chaplain,  missionary 
succeeding  to  missionary,  has  taken 
up  his  ab^e  among  these  lawless  and 
defiant  savages,  but  with  unsatisfactory 
results.  One  alone,  the  Abb4  Marini, 
has  succeeded  in  interesting  them  in 
the  dark  but  certain  future.  This 
success,  however,  was  but  illegitimately 
attained.  The  good  Abb^^  had  ex- 
hausted all  the  usual  appliances,  he 
had  run  through  the  common  routine, 
and  he  had  not  touched  a  heart.  His 
appearance  was  hailed  with  derisive 
respect,  his  counsels  answered  by  ob- 
scenity, filthy  paraphrases  were  made 
of  his  bible-readings,  and  his  sermons 
divided  his  congregation  into  the  in- 
dififerent  Gallios  who  slept  and  the 
blaspheming  rhymers  who  sang  their 
verses  aloud.  All  was  obdurate,  hope- 
less, hellish.  But  the  Abb6  was  a 
Frenchman,  and  necessarily  inventive. 
He  hit  upon  a  plan  which  none  but  a 
Frenchman  could  possibly  have  con- 
ceived ;  he  ceased  to  write  sermons, 
and  took  to  actine  sacred  vaudevilles. 
He  distributed  the  parts  among  the 
best  readers,  always  reserved  the  tri- 
umphant character  for  himself,  and, 
witnout  invitation,  was  honoured  by 
crowded  and  attentive  audiences  who 
shook  their  chains  in  ecstacy  as  the 
denouement  exhibited  infidelity  trodden 
down,  and  virtue  and  orthoaoxy  vic- 
tonoHsI  The  idea,  it  is  true,  was 
adopteid,  ^  and  not  original.  Moore*8 
young  A'iend,  '*Miss  Biddy  Fudge,** 
writing  to  her  Kilrandy  confidant  on 
Paris  amusements,  says — 


What  folly 
To  say  that  the  French  are  not  pious,  dear  Dolly, 
When  here  one  beholds  so  correctly  and  rightly, 
The  Testament  turned  into  melodrames  nightly  ; 


1851.] 


The  Galleys  of  England  and  France. 

And  doubtless,  so  fond  they^re  of  scriptural  facts, 

They  will  soon  get  the  Pentateach  up  in  fire  acts. 

Here  Daniel  in  pantomime  bids  bold  defiance 

To  Nebnchadneuar  and  all  his  stuffed  lions, 

While  pretty  young  Israelites  dance  round  the  Prophet, 

With  Tery  thin  clothing  and  but  little  of  it,  &c. 


147 


How  long  the  good  impression  made 
by  the  Abb^s  dbramatic  pieces  lasted 
we  are  not  informed.  Upon  the  po- 
pulation of  the  Bagne  few  good  im- 
preflsions  have  a  long  endurance.  The 
convict  there  is,  for  the  most  part,  as 
hard  of  heart  as  the  quarry  wherein 
he  toils.  Hope  does  not  come  with 
freedom,  be  he  never  so  well-disposed. 
The  gates  of  his  cell  leave  open  for 
him  his  way  into  the  world,  but  it  is 
as  a  marked  man;  every  chance  of 
amendment  is  cut  off  by  his  being  as- 
signed a  place  of  residence  where, 
from  the  august  maire  down  to  the 
commonest  peasant,  every  one  knows, 
avoids,  and  repels  the  dreaded  ex- 
format.  The  law  will  not  let  him  be 
honest  even  if  he  would.  The  old  ex- 
pression touching  a  '*  hell  upon  earth," 
was  probably  never  realized  in  full, 
save  m  the  interior  of  a  French  fiagne. 
The  flesh  creeps  at  the  very  memory 
of  the  picture  drawn  and  the  things 
told  by  Monsieur  Alhuy.  But  even 
In  this  hell  may  now  and  then  be  found 
a  spirit  not  entirely  reprobate.  In 
the  parched  waste  we  occasionally 
come  upon  a  green  spot ;  this  arid 
valley  of  desolation  has  its  springs ; 
the  desert  is  not  without  its  oasis. 
Amid  the  general  hideous  vice  and  the 
antagonising  ferocious  selfishness,  we 
hail  with  gladness  traits  of  heroic  self- 
denial  and  of  virtue  almost  sublime. 
We  may  cite  one,  in  the  case  of  a  poor 
wretch  who,  afler  months  of  prepara- 
tion, having  effected  his  escape,  and 
lain  hid  till  hunger  impelled  him  to 
totter  into  a  cottase  to  ask  for  food, 
found  there  a  widowed  father  and 
weeping  children  as  sorrow-stricken 
and  more  hungry  than  himself.  His 
decision  was  instantaneousdy  arrived 
at.  He  compelled  the  reluctant  father 
to  take  him  back  to  Toulon,  where  a 
heavy  reward  was  allotted  to  the  in- 
voluntary captor  and  a  cruel  scourmng 
inflicted  on  the  fugitive.  But  there 
was  balm  for  his  wounds  in  the  mercy 
of  the  King,  and  the  pardon  extended, 
we  rejoice  to  add  it,  was  well- deserved 
and  never  abused.  A  second  instance 
we  find  in  the  case  of  an  erring  and 


only  son  condenmed  for  life  to 
slavery  at  Toulon,  and  whose  poor 
widowed  mother  at  Paris  did,  with  the 
touching  folly  natural  to  mothers, 
submit  to  every  deprivation,  even  to 
hunger,  that  she  might  forward  to  her 
guilty  boy  the  means  of  purcliasing 
such  indulgences  as  the  prison  rule 
allowed.  The  latter  knew  at  what  cost 
these  rich  offerings  of  maternal  affec- 
tion were  made,  and  the  heart  that 
had  been  flint  till  now,  bled  for  his 
poor  old  mother.  The  boy  was  an  ac- 
complished forger,  and  he  succeeded 
in  transmitting  to  the  desolate  occupier 
of  his  home  an  apparently  well-attested 
certificate  of  his  death.  The  supplies 
ceased,  and  he  knew  that  his  parent 
was  no  longer  depriving  herself  for  the 
sake  of  one  who  was  unworthy.  Must 
it  not  have  been  a  glad  task  for  the 
recording  angel  when  note  was  taken 
of  this  fact,  and  the  echo  of  the  mother*8 
prayers  passed  onward  to  the  Throne, 
asking  for  mercy  on  the  soul  of  her 
departed  son  ? 

Ere  we  conclude,  we  may  fittingly 
notice  an  historical  fact  that  may  con- 
trast with  that  with  which  this  article 
opens.  Our  readers  have  seen  the 
origin  of  the  galley  system,  in  England, 
under  Elizal^th.  It  remains  for  us, 
very  briefly,  to  lay  before  them  the 
origin  of  the  same  system  in  France. 
In  the  latter  country  too  the  system 
had  a  monarch  for  its  author,  but  the 
royal  motives  thereto  differed  in  cha- 
racter and  object. — In  the  reiffn  of 
Charles  YII.  there  flourished  in  France 
a  wealthy  financier  who  was  useful  to 
the  King  and  government,  and  was 
iniquitously  treated  by  them  in  return, 
llie  French  financier  was  no  other 
than  the  famous  Jacques  CcBur,  whose 
wealth  brought  him  so  boundless  a 
return  of  misfortune.  The  King  was 
indebted  to  Jacques  in  a  hundred 
thousand  crowns.  The  latter  gene- 
rously burned  the  bond,  and  trusted 
to  the  honour  of  belted  knight  and 
crowned  king.  The  monarch  was  no 
sooner  cognizant  of  the  fact  than 
false  accusations  were  raised  against 
Jacques,  who  was  thrown  into  prison 


148 


Parliamentary  Rohesfor  a  Prince  of  Wales, 


[Aug. 


and  his  property  confiscated.  Among 
the  latter  were  four  exquisite  gal- 
leys, with  gilded  oars.  Charles  not 
only  seized  these  but  the  rowers  also, 
involving  the  innocent  servants  in  the 
fate  which  had  fallen  on  their  equally 
innocent  master.  Their  forced  labour 
was  devoted  by  compulsion  to  the  mo- 
narch's service,  and  thus  was  the  galley- 
system  founded.  Subsequent^  cri- 
minals were  not  condemned,  but  wan- 
dering men  were  pressed  into  this  par- 
ticular naval  service.  The  gypsies 
were  especial  victims;  they  were  seized 
on  the  highways,  stripped,  shaved, 
marked,  and  despatched  to  the  oar. 
It  is  only  with  the  reign  of  Charles  IX. 
that  we  find  a  legislative  mention  of 
this  department,  and  offenders  against 
the  law  sentenced  to  toil  therein.  The 
bridge  at  Paris,  still  known  as  the- 
Pont  de  la  Toumelle,  took  its  name 
fVom  a  tower  which  once  stood  at  the 
southern  extremity  of  it,  and  which 
was  particularly  devoted  to  the  re- 
ception of  gypsies  and  criminals,  who 
lay  therein  until  their  .uumbers  were 
sufiiciently  large  to  allow  of  their 
being  transmitted  en  chaine  to  the  coast. 
This  fact  appears  to  have  escaped 
M.  Alho^,  wnose  early  history  of  the 
galleys  is,  nevertheless,  not  without 
interest.  The  mass  of  misery  collected 
in  the  Tournelle  was  characteristically 


cared  for  by  both  the  Church  and  the 
State  of  the  time.  The  priests  of  the 
neighbouring  chapel  of  St.  Nicholas 
le  Uhardonnet  looked  after  the  spiri- 
tual interests  of  the  prisoners ;  that  is, 
they  repaired  thither  only  when  sent 
for,  a  circumstance  which  never  oc- 
curred. The  State  looked  after  the 
temporal  interests  of  the  captives  by 
an  especial  ofiicer,  who  sedulously 
visited  the  prisoners,  and  plundered 
them  of  everything  they  possessed 
which  bore  the  slightest  value.  Con- 
fiscation to  the  crown  being  duly  made, 
the  destitute  children  of  sorrow  were 
altogether  lefl  to  the  charity  of  passers- 
by  and  the  public  generally.  The  go- 
vernment made  no  provision  for  them, 
even  of  the  commonest  food.  The 
consequences  were  necessarily  so  de- 
plorable that  a  good  Christian,  whose 
name  is  not  recorded  in  the  old  his- 
tory by  Grermain  Brice,  bequeathed 
[in  1639]  6000  livres  annually  for  the 
support  of  the  galley  slaves  of  the 
State.  This  fund  is  still  available, 
and  thus,  if  the  convicts  of  to-day  re- 
flect that  they  are  the  victims  of  a 
system  which  originated  with  a  felon 
king,  they  may  remember  that  its 
rigours  are,  in  some  degree,  alleviated 
by  the  Christian  benevolenoe  of  a  man 
of  the  people. 

J.D. 


PARLIAMENTARY  ROBES  FOR  A  PRINCE  OP  WALES. 


Mr.  Urban, 
A  TIME  is  rapidly  approaching 
when  our  ofiicials  will  need  to  consider 
about  proper  parliamentary  robes  for 
a  Prince  of  Wales.  Will  not  the  an- 
nexed transcript  of  an  order  which 
exists  in  the  Additional  MS.  14,291, 
fo.  217,  meet  the  case?  Prince  Charles 
was  in  his  tenth  year  at  the  time  of 
the  meeting  of  the  Short  Parliament, 
which  is  the  one  here  alluded  to.  The 
Earl  of  Newcastle,  to  whom  this  order 
was  addressed,  was  at  that  time  the 
Prince's  governor  or  tutor. 

X  ours,  &c.  B. 

**  Right  trostie  and  right  welbeloTed 
cosen  and  councellor,  we  greet  you  well ; 
whereas  we  have  determined  that  our  most 
deare  son  Charles  Prince  of  Wales  shall 


accompany  us  in  our  royal  proceeding  to 
oar  parliament,  to  be  holden  at  Watt- 
minster  the  thirteenth  day  of  April  next, 
our  will  and  pleasure  therefore  is,  and  we 
do  hereby  will  and  command  yon,  that 
you  presently  provide,  or  cause  to  be  pro- 
vided and  delivered,  one  parliamentary 
robe,  with  kyrtle,  hood,  and  cappe  of 
estate,  all  of  crimson  velvett,  to  be  furred 
and  made  up  as  hath  been  formerly  used, 
for  oar  said  dear  sonnet  use  against  oar 
proceeding  to  our  said  parliament ',  and 
this  shall  be  your  tufficient  warrant.  Given 
under  our  tignet  at  Whitehall,  the  * 

day  of  April,  in  the  tixteenth  year  of  our 
reigne,  anno  domini,  1640. 

*'  To  our  right  tratty  and  right  welbeloved 
ooatin  and  countellor  William  EUurl 
of  Newcastle." 


*  Lefl  blank  in  the  original. 


149 


CHRISTIAN  ICONOGRAPHY  AND  LEGENDARY  ART. 

Bt  J.  G.  Waller. 

The  Tbtbamorph. 


THE  figure  called  Tbtramorph,  or 
four-shaped,  derives  its  claim  to  a 
place  in  Christian  Iconographj  from 
the  passa^  in  the  Prophet  Ezekiel  de- 
scrioing  his  vision  bj  the  river  Chebar, 
chap.  i.  beginning  at  verse  4. 

"And  I  looked,  and  heboid  a  whirl- 
wind came  out  of  the  north,  a  great  cloud, 
and  a  fire  unfolding  itself,  and  a  brightness 
was  about  it  and  out  of  the  midst  thereof 
as  the  colour  of  amber  out  of  the  midst  of 
the  fire.  Also  out  of  the  midst  thereof 
came  the  likeness  of  four  living  creatures. 
And  this  was  their  appearance :  thej  had 
the  likeness  of  a  man,  and  their  feet  were 
straight  feet,  the  sole  of  their  feet  was 
like  the  sole  of  a  calfs  foot,  and  they 
sparkled  like  the  colour  of  burnished  brass. 
And  thej  had  the  hands  of  a  man  under 
their  wings  on  their  four  sides,  and  they 
four  bad  their  faces  and  their  wings. 
Thar  wings  were  joined  one  to  another, 
they  turned  not  when  they  went;  they 
went  every  one  straight  forward.  As  for 
the  likeness  of  their  faces  they  four  had 
the  face  of  a  man  and  the  face  of  a  lion 
on  the  right  side ;  and  they  four  had  the 
Cmc  of  an  ox  on  the  left  side ;  they  four 
also  had  the  face  of  an  eagle.  Thus  were 
their  faces ;  and  their  wings  were  stretched 
upward ;  two  wings  of  every  one  were 
joined  one  to  another,  and  two  covered 
their  bodies.  And  they  went  every  one 
straight  forward :  whither  the  spirit  was 
to  go,  they  went ;  and  they  turned  not 
when  they  went.  As  for  the  likeness  of 
the  living  creatures  their  appearance  was 
like  burning  coals  of  fire,  and  like  the  ap- 
pearance of  lamps :  it  went  up  and  down 
among  the  living  creatures  :  and  the  fire 
was  bright,  and  out  of  the  fire  went  forth 
lightning.  And  the  living  creatures  ran 
and  returned  as  the  appearance  of  a  flash 
of  lightning.  Now  as  I  beheld  the  living 
creatures,  behold  one  wheel  upon  the 
earth  by  the  living  creature  with  his  four 
faces.  The  appearance  of  the  wheels  and 
their  work  was  like  unto  the  colour  of  a 
beryl :  .  .  .  and  they  turned  not  when 
they  went.  As  for  their  wings  they  were 
so  high  that  they  were  dreadful :  and  their 
wings  were  fall  of  eyes  round  about  them 
four.'' 

This  is  not  the  complete  description  j 
but  is  sufficient  for  our  purpose.    It 


is  repeated  at  chap.  z.  ver.  8,  with 
some  additions,  as — **  their  whole  bodj 
and  their  backs  and  their  hands  and 
their  wings  and  the  wheels  were  full 
of  eyes  round  about,  even  the  wheels 
that  they  four  had ;  **  also  the  follow- 
ing, at  verse  21,  is  somewhat  more 
precise :  '*  Every  one  had  four  faces  » 
piece,  and  every  one  had  four  wings, 
and  the  likeness  of  the  hand  of  a  man 
was  under  the  wings.**  In  verse  14 
there  is  a  discrepancy  in  the  descrip- 
tion with  the  foregomg,  which  seems 
as  if  an  error  had  in  some  way  crept 
into  the  original  text.  It  says  :  **  The 
first  was  the  face  of  a  cherub,  the 
second  face  was  the  face  of  a  man,  and 
the  third  the  face  of  a  lion,  and  the 
fourth  the  face  of  an  eagle.**  Here  the 
ox  is  omitted  altogether,  and  we  find 
what  appears  in  some  measure  a  repe- 
tition of  a  similar  form,  the  face  of  a 
man  and  the  face  of  a  cherub.  It  maj 
be  sufficient  to  state  that  this  latter 
description  is  never  adopted  in  the 
conventions  of  which  we  are  about  to 
treat. 

In  considering  the  foregoing  pas- 
sage one  is  naturally  directed  to  the 
occurrence  of  forms  in  ancient  sjm- 
bolism  having  an  apparent  analogy; 
and  thus  it  is  that  many  writers  have 
directed  their  attention  to  the  subject, 
and  exercised  a  great  deal  of  learned 
research  upon  it.  Among  these  the 
Abb4  Chiarini  stands  foremost.  There 
are  also  some  interesting  remarks  in 
Mr.  Layard*s  work  *  which  it  will  be 
necessary  particular!  v  to  notice,  as  the 
sculptures  he  has  exhumed  were  in  all 
probability  familiar  to  the  Prophet, 
who,  it  must  be  remembered,  was  a 
captive  in  the  land  of  Assyria,  and 
lays  the  scene  of  his  vision  in  tihe 
very  neighbourhood  of  our  countrv- 
man*8  enterprising  researches  —  the 
river  Chebar  bemg  doubtless  the 
stream  which  at  present,  under  the 
name  Khabour^  waters  a  portion  of  the 
plains  of  ancient  Mesopotamia.  The 
Abb^,  in  an  essav  published  in  the 
Nauvelle  Journal  Adatiqwe^  torn,  6,  has 


*  Nineveh  and  its  Remains. 


150 


Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art.  [Aug. 


endeavoured,  with  some  success,  to 
show  a  connection  of  ideas  in  the  Pro- 
phet*s  vision  with  those  of  Chaldaean 
astronomy.  He  also  quotes  from  the 
Talmud  to  show  that  the  animals  in 
the  vision  appear  as  the  symbols  or 
representatives  of  universal  nature. 
Thus :  '^  The  king  of  wild  beasts  is  the 
lion,  the  king  of  cattle  is  the  ox  (bull), 
the  king  of  flying  creatures  is  the 
ea^le;  but  man  is  raised  above  all 
animals,  and  Grod  above  animals,  man, 
and  the  whole  world."  A  homily  bv 
St.  Macarius  Egyptiacus,  a  Greek 
writer  of  the  fourth  century,  contains 
the  same  ideas  similarly  expressed. 
In  the  reliffious  myths  of  the  East 
these  animals  have  at  all  times  had  a 
symbolic  meaning ;  and  in  the  early 
mstory  of  Christianity,  those  heretics 
who  preserved  much  of  the  oriental 
philosophy,  such  as  the  Gnostics, 
Ophites,  and  others,  appear  to  have 
been  extravagantly  attached  to  the 
use  of  symbols,  amongst  which  the 
above-named  had  a  prominent  and 
conspicuous  place.  According  to 
Origen,  Michael,  one  of  the  seven  infe- 
rior spirits  of  the  Gnostic  system, 
was  represented  under  the  form  of  a 
lion,  or  more  probablv  lion- headed 
(^€ovTO€t^t\  Suriel  nad  the  head 
of  a  bull,  Gabriel  was  figured  by  an 
eagle.    In  the  Ophitic  system  the  five 

Cii  of  the  stars  were  the  bull,  dog, 
f  serpent,  and  eagle,  which  also 
appear  as  emblems  in  the  more  an- 
cient religion  of  Mithras.  With  the 
occurrence  of  these  symbols  in  re- 
mains of  Egyptian  and  Assyrian  art 
every  visitor  to  the  British  Museum 
must  now  be  ^fectly  familiar.  But 
it  is  not  only  in  the  use  of  the  actual 
symbolic  animab  that  an  analogy  sub- 
sists between  the  figures  on  the  monu- 
ments of  Assyria  and  the  vision  of  the 
Prophet  Ezekiel.  The  sculptures 
firom  Nineveh  carry  the  similarity 
further  by  exhibiting  symbolic  forms 
with  four  wings.  This  is  very  striking 
in  the  eagle-headed  example  supposed 
by  Mr.  Layard  to  be  Nisroch,  one  of 
the  names  of  the  Assyrian  Baal.  The 
deity  in  the  winged  disc  or  wheel 
presents  us  with    another    form,  in 


close  connection  with  the  mysterious 
wheels,  of  which  we  shall  presently 
venture  to  offer  some  explanation. 
It  has  been  suggested  by  more  than 
one  writer  that  Ezekiel  in  his  poetical 
description  found  the  motives  for  his 
ideas  m  the  objects  familiar  to  him  in 
the  land  of  his  captivity  and  exile ;  so 
the  Abb^  Chiarini  ima^nes  him  to  use 
the  language  of  ancient  Chaldssan 
astronomy.  In  this  view  he  supposes 
"  the  wheel  within  a  wheel**  to  oe  sug- 
gested by  a  planetary  sphere,  and  sup- 
ports his  opinions  by  an  appeal  to  the 
original  text.  The  word  ophan^  used 
in  chap  i.  ver.  15,  for  wheel,  signifying 
also  zodiac,  equator,  &c.  is  in  chap.  x. 
ver.  20,  changed  for  galgal^  a  circle, 
which,  according  to  Maimonides,  also 
means  heaven,  firmament,  celestial 
sphere,  and  in  this  sense  is  used  in 
many  other  parts  of  Scripture.* 

In  considering  Layard*s  two-winged 
figures  alluded  to,  and  in  using  the 
term  winged,  I  by  no  means  accept 
the  correctness  of  the  appellation,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  deem  it  to  be  erro- 
neous and  ill  founded.  In  thus  settinff 
up  an  opposition  to  the  opinions  of 
Layard  and  others,  one  would  act  with 
diffidence  and  self-dbtrust,  were  it 
not  that  we  have  the  examples  of  the 
figures,  six  times  repeated,  among  the 
marbles  of  the  Nmevite  collection, 
open  to  the  examination  of  every  one. 
The  idea  has  also  led  to  other  errors, 
and  therefore  it  is  necessary  at  least 
to  combat  it. 

There  are  two  examples  of  this  figure 
in  the  Nineveh  collection,  of  which  I 
have  made  careful  drawings,  and  which 
I  will  now  describe.  The  first  I  shall 
notice  is  that  over  the  sacred  tree.  It 
consists  of  a  bearded  demi-figure,  wear- 
ing a  conical  cap  with  projecting  horns, 
and  surrounded  by  an  irradiated  disc ; 
the  lower  part,  from  the  waist,  termi- 
nates in  a  fan,  or  tail-like  expansion, 
which  appears  to  pass  through  and 
project  beyond  the  circumference ;  the 
right  hand  of  the  figure  is  uplifted, 
and  in  the  left  it  holds  a  ring.  From 
each  side  of  the  disc  also  project  those 
expansions  which  have  been  denomi- 
nated wings.     Mr.  Layard,  in  a  note 


*  I  remember  htTlng  seen  an  engraving  of  the  seventeenth  century  in  which  the 
wheel  in  the  Prophet's  vision  was  represented  in  the  form  of  the  astrolabe,  bat  I  have 
no  idea  now  where  to  be  able  to  refer  to  it. 


1631.]  ChritHan  leouogrBphy  and  Legendary  Art. 


151 


to  his  book  on  NineTeh,*  quotes  the 
^linion  of  M.  Lajard  that  this  combi- 
nation represents  ^  the  image  of  fiaid, 
with  the  wings  and  tail  of  a  dove,  to 
show  the  association  of  Mjlitta,  the 
AsByrian  Yenos,  &c.**    Now  a  compa- 
piaon  of  these  so-called  wings  and  tail 
with  the  other  winged  figures  will  at 
oaee  prove  a  tokU  dissimilaritj  of  con- 
Tentional  treatment.    Neither  in  the 
form,  or,  what  is  still  more  remark- 
able, in  the  treatment  of  the  plumage, 
which  is  very  minute  and  characteristic 
in  the  really  winged  figures,  those  for 
instance  with  the  eaglets  head,  do  the 
latter  in  the  least  coincide  with  any 
of  the  examples  to  the  winged  disc. 
In  the  latter,  which  is  quite  as  remark- 
able for  care  and  precision  (especially 
in  the  instance  referred  to)  as  any 
figure  in  the  collection,  the  termina- 
tions are  represented  by  a  succession 
of  wavy  lines,  which  were  doubtless 
intended  to  express  lambent  irradia-. 
tions  o£  Jbre^  of  which  many  examples 
might  be  cited  in  analogy  from  other 
sources.    So  that  if  the  term  wings  can 
be  applied  at  all,  it  must  be  metaphori- 
cally, as  there  is  not  the  slightest  en- 
deavonr  to  imitate  the  feathers  of  a 
bird,  which  ia  so  laboriously  attempted 
in  the  other  figures.     Respecting  the 
irradiated    disc   which    encircles   the 
figure,  may  it  not  be  intended  for  the 
sun  ?    At  any  rate  it  gives  another 
analogy  to  the  use  of  irradiation  as  an 
indication  of  divinity,   which,  under 
the  names  of  aureole  and  nimbus,  are 
familiar  to  us,  and  have  been  previ- 
ously treated  of  in  a  former  article. 
Perhaps  we  here  see  its  origin ;  and 
this  instance    is  the   more   mterest- 
ing,  as  showing  an  example  of  its 
practice  going  back  to  a  more  remote 
antiquity  than  we  have  been  previ- 
ously aware  of.    The  second  example 
is  somewhat  different  to  the  former, 
but  still  nearer  for  our  purpose  of 
analogy.    The  figure  here  holds  a  bow 
in  one  hand,  and  appears  as  the  Grod 
of  Battles,  and  instead  of  the  irradi- 
ated disc  is  a  whe^  which  is  placed, 
as  it  were,  behind  the  figure,  and  from 
which  the/laming  wings  proceed ;  the 
tail-like  terminations  of  tne  figure  are 
as  in  the  former  instance.    Respecting 
the  latter,  I  consider  it  as  analogous  to 


that  practice,  noticed  in  a  former  ar- 
ticle, of  representing  angels  by  sup- 
pressing the  lower  part  of  the  figure, 
and  sometimes  the  figure  altogether, 
which  obtained  in  the  middle  ages, 
and  was  intended  to  express  the  im- 
materiality of  their  essence.  There 
are  examples  extant  of  a  fiery  termi- 
nation which  are  yet  more  to  the  pur- 
pose. 

The  wheel  has  spokes  shaped  in  the 
form  of  a  Maltese  cross,  and  between 
each  spoke  is  a  waved  figure,  most 
likely  representing  flame,  and  remind- 
ing us  very  forcibly  of  a  common  con- 
ventional form  familiar  in  figures  of 
the  sun,  retained  in  a  marked  manner 
in  the  badge  of  the  Swi  Fire  Office, 
This  fiery  wheel,  winjged  also  with  fire, 
is  a  powerful  symbol  of  motion,  and 
may  well  express  eternity  or  the  revo- 
lutions of  time,  and  it  wul  be  found  to 
present  us  with  a  strong  analogy  with 
the  representations  of  the  tetramorph, 
particularly  to  that  example  to  which 
we  shall  first  refer  for  illustration,  and 
on  which  we  shall  now  particularly 
enter. 

This  figure  is  one  which  rarely  ap- 
pears in  the  Iconography  of"^  the 
Western  Church,  but  in  the  Eastern 
or  Greek  Church  is  very  common ;  and 
the  following  directions  are  given  in 
the  *^  Meinuu  or  Guide  **  for  its  repre- 
sentation. ^'  They  have  six  wings,  the 
head  nimbed,  the  face  of  an  angel; 
they  hold  in  their  hands  against  the 
breast  the  gospel.  Between  the  two 
wings  which  surmount  the  head  there 
is  an  eagle,  on  the  wing  of  the  right 
side  a  Hon ;  on  the  wings  of  the  left 
side  an  ox.  These  three  symbolic  ani- 
mals look  upwards  and  hold  between 
their  feet  the  gospels :  such  were  the 
tetramorphs  that  the  prophet  Ezekiel 
saw.**  In  this  there  are  some  import- 
ant omissions,  which  however  do  not 
take  place  in  practice  :  the  wheels  and 
eyes  are  not  mentioned;  another  pecu- 
Larity  is  that  the  eospeb  are  held  by 
each  figure,  which  is  not  in  accordance 
with  the  general  practice,  but  is  chiefly 
confined  to  the  symbols  of  the  evan- 
gelists when  represented  singly. 

The  use  of  the  Tetramorph  com- 
mences very  early,  as  well  as  tne  sepa- 
rate symbols  of  the  evangelists.    The 


*  Nioereb  and  its  Remains,  toL  ii.  p.  449. 


152 


Christian  Iconography  and  legendary  Art  [Aug. 


latter  are  found  in  some  of  the  earliest 
mosaics.  Of  the  former,  the  earliest 
instance  I  have  seen  is  one  of  which 
Agincourt  gives  an  engraving  from  a 
Syriac  MS.  of  the  fourth  century,  and 


awkwardly  appearing  from  beneath 
the  lower  pair  of  wings,  is  all  that  we 
find  of  this  part  of  the  combination. 
The  wings  are  four  in  number,  agree- 
ing in  this  particular  with  the  text  of 


which  is  here  copied  on  a  somewhat    Ezekiel ;  but  in  the  Apocalypse,  ch.  iv. 

ver.  6,  four  beasts,  of  analogous  signifi- 
cation, have  six  wings  assign^  to 
them,  in  this  agreeing  with  the  de- 
scription of  the  seraphim  in  Isaiah, 
ch.  vi.  ver.  2,  which  nas  been jD;ene- 
rally  adopted  and  applied  to  Hie  ^tra> 
morph,  as  in  the  extract  from  the 
Greek  Guide.  On  the  right  of  the 
cherub*s  head  is  that  of  the  lion,  on 
the  left  the  easle,  and  beneath  the  head 
of  the  bull,  with  its  two  fore  feet,  the 
hand  of  the  cherub.  On  each  side 
are  the  mysterious  wheels,  imperfectly 
represented,  but  nevertheless  endeav- 
ouring to  convey  the  idea  of  the 
"  wheel  within  a  wheel  ;**  in  other  re- 
spects imitating  the  ancient  chariot 
wheels  of  the  time.  The  fiery  appear- 
ance given  in  the  text  is  also  here  at- 
tempted ;  a  rushinff  flame  issues  from 
the  wheeb,  and  is  fSso  indicated  above 
the  upoer  pair  of  wings,  extended 
round  the  base  of  the  aureole.  Rude 
as  this  design  is,  it  su^^ests  to  us  the 
magnificent  passage  in  Milton*s  Para- 
dise Lost,  evidentfy  derived  from  Eze- 
kiePs  description : — 


reduced  scale.  It  is  a  particularly 
interesting  example,  not  only  for  its 
antiquity,  but  for  its  treatment,  and 
the  circumstance  of  its  being  appended 
to  the  subject  of  the  Ascension.  The 
figure  of  the  Saviour  is  standing  in  an 
aureole,  and  beneath  his  feet  is  the 
figure  described  in  Ezekiel,  very  rudely 
composed,  but  nevertheless  having 
many  points  worthy  of  particular 
notice.  It  is  altogether  formed  on 
the  symbolic  principle  which  obtained 
in  the  early  ages  of  Christianity,  pre- 
vious to  the  second  Council  of  Nice; 
the  figure  of  the  cherub  is  therefore 
undeveloped,  but  an  angel*s  head  in 
the  centre  of  the  group,  and  a  hand 


Forth  msh'd,  with  whirlwind  sound, 
The  chariot  of  paternal  Deity, 
Flashing  thick  flames,  wheel  within  wheel  undrawn, 
Itaelf  instinct  with  spirit. 


The  only  portion  now  undescribed 
are  the  eyes  with  which  the  yr'mgB  are 
studded,  but  the  Prophet*s  description 
places  them  all  over  the  figures ;  this 
IS  never  represented  in  art,  without 
doubt  on  account  of  the  obvious  diffi- 
culty; they  are  however  frequently 
placed  upon  the  wheels.  On  this  point 
the  Abbe  Chiarini  has  also  made  some 
very  pertinent  observations  in  illus- 
tration of  his  theory,  that  astronomical 
ideas  suggested  the  poetic  description 
of  the  Prophet.  His  idea  is  that  the 
eyes  are  put  by  metaphor  for  stars, 
such  a  metaphor  having  many  fine 
analogies  among  the  ancients,  of  which 
that  of  Eschylus,  who  calls  the  moon 
**  Eldest  of  stars,  the  eve  of  night,"* 
is  not  the  least  beautiful. 


This  suggestion  of  the  Abb^  carries 
out  the  first  idea  of  a  planetary  sphere, 
and  we  are  to  this  dav  familiar  with 
the  symbolic  forms  of'^the  constella- 
tions which  took  their  oriffin  in  an- 
cient astronomy ;  the  cherub  therefore 
becomes  the  mover  of  the  celestial 
system.  A  prevailing  notion  that  the 
movements  of  the  planetary  bodies 
were  directed  by  heavenly  spirits  sub- 
sisted throughout  the  middle  a^;es,  and 
is  frequently  exemplified  in  its  reli- 
gious art.  The  star  of  Bethlehem — 
the  sun  and  moon  in  the  crucifixion, 
or  in  the  scenes  of  the  Apocalypse — 
are  freouentlv  represented  as  in  the 
hands  or  angels,t  partionlarly  previous 
to  the  thirteenth  century ;  aSler  which 
period  the  onward  progress  of  science 


*  np€afiiSTov  aoTpmv  wktos  o<f>Bakfios, 

f  Vide  sonlptures  in  Lincoln  Cathedral,  engraved  in  Lincoln  Book  of  the  Arcbso- 
logical  Inatitate. 
6 


1851.] 


Chrutian  Iconogiapky  and  Liif(tndurif  Art. 


began   to  diasipate  Uiese  ideas ;  and, 

Gnallj,  by  the  dincovery  of  the  Ibwb  of 
the  motions  of  tbe  beavenlj  bodies, 
deitrojed  for  ever  this  remnaQt  of 
■Dcient  popular  philosophj. 

Tbe  eisjnple  which  it  giTcn  in  the 
uineied  engravin);  belongs  to  a  far 
later  period  than  the  other,  the  twelfth 


centuty,  and  dTea  us  tbe  tvp«  gene- 
rallv  obterreo.  It  is  taken  from 
Willemin'B  Moaanant  FranfaU  Tnedits, 
fonaing  part  of  a  piece  of  eoamelled 
work,  perhapa  of  Limoges  manufacture. 
The  artist  has,  however,  been  ignorant 
of  tbe  meaning  of  the  figure,  or  through 
«ome  mistake  has  labelled  it  seraphin, 
one  of  man^  instaaceB  that  might  be  re- 
corded of  similar  errors,  and  the  second 
we  hare  noticed  in  tbe  present  subject. 
In  other  respects  thia  is  a  verj  fine 
example;  here  the  cherub  or  ungelic 
form  IS  made  most  protniaent,  a  pair 
of  broad  wings  fold  over  tbe  figure, 
Aom  beneath  which  the  bands  appear 
on  either  side,  which  agrees  with  the 
description  in  tbe  vision ;  the  other 
two  branch  out  from  the  shoulders. 
Tbe  head  of  the  lion  is  above  t^;e  head 
of  the  cherub  on  the  right  side,  that 
of  tbe  oi  on  tbe  left,  the  eagle  between 
tbe  two  immediatel;  above ;  all  four 
heads  have  tbe  nimbus,  and  the  figure, 
which  ban  bare  feet,  exhibits  portions  of 
drapery,  and  stands  upon  a  wheel,  of 
which  oaif  the   half  appears   in   the 

E resent  design.  This  wheel  is  winged, 
ut  in  other  respects  has  a  most  ma- 
terial form.  The  wheel  within  wheel 
is  unattempted,  and  the  type  is  of  the 


however,  which  appears  aleo  in  an  ex- 
ample given  bj  M.  Didron  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  from  a  mosaic  of 
Byzantine  workmanship  in  the  convent 
of  Vatopidi,  at  Mount  Athos,  is  worthy 
of  particular  inquiry.  Wings  ^ave 
always  been  applied  as  a  symbol  of 
rapid  motion ;  thus  the  number  of 
wings  given  to  the  superior  spirits 
cherubim,  and  seraphim,  as  well  as  to  the 
tetramorph,  typify  tbe  swiftness  of  their 
flight.  They  nave  been  used  as  meta- 
phors in  poetry,  and  again  transferred 


winds  have  b 
and,above  all,  ligfatniDg,  in  the  thunder- 
bolt of  Jove.  Some  such  idea,  without 
doubt,  suggested  the  notion  of  applying 
win^  to  the  wheels  to  typify  that 
rapidity  of  motion  which  the  text  com- 
pares m  chap.  i.  ver.  14,  to  "a  flash 
of  lightning,"  the  wheels  having  a  life 
and  instinctive  motion  with  the  "living 
creatures."  To  this  poetical  idea  Virgil 
furnishes  a  close  analogy  in  the  fol- 
lowing lines  from  the  jEneid,  vi.  727 : — 
BpMtm  inliu  alll,  loUpoque  Infnu  per  irtni 
Meas  ifcltit  molcni  et  migni  B«  corpgre  mlscet. 

Again,  we  have  a  passs^  which  il- 
lustrates this  subject  in  Milton,  who 
seems  to  have  drawn  the  mutaiet  of  hi* 
inspiration  from  so  many  sources,  that 
it  is  not  unlikely  some  euch  rude  figure! 
as  our  engraving  exhibits  may  nave 
suggested  the  idea  of 

chariot"  wlnKsd 

Prom  tlw  armoiiry  oT  Uod,— 

and   further   <in,   with   the   vision   of 

Ezekiel  clearly  in  his  mind,  he  ^ves  a 

passage  of  similar  import  to  that  above 

cited  from  Virgil  — 

Cdatia]  rqnlpigf :  ud  do«  cudc  forth 

BposUnMDi,  for  witbln  them  i^rit  ttu'd. 

The  material  difference  between  the 
figure  given  by  Didrun*  from  Vato- 
pedi  and  that  in  our  engraving  consists 
in  the  former  havmg  no  indication  of 
drapery,  two  of  the  wings  being  dis- 
played upwards  and  crossed,  as  is  most 
usual  in  the  cherubim  and  seraphim, 
all  the  wings  being  studded  with  eyes, 
two  wheels,  but  with  one  wing  to 
each,  the  periphery  overlapping,  in- 
tending perhaps  to  express  the  "  wheel 


within  wheel,    and  I 


e  indications  of 


154 


Ruins  of'  Vaudey  Abbey^  co,  Lincoln, 


[Aug. 


flame  being  within  the  orbit  about  the 
spokes.  The  combinations  of  which 
illustrations  have  been  given  are  suf- 
iicientlj  curious,  but  there  are  yet 
more  singular  instances  to  be  noticed 
before  this  part  of  the  subject  can  be 
concluded.  Agincourt  gives  an  en- 
graving from  a  Ruthenic  painting  in 
distemper,  representing  the  last  Judg- 
ment,* in  which  Christ  is  represented  as 
within  a  circular  aureole,  seated  upon 
or  borne  up  by  a  number  of  winged 
spirits  of  the  order  of  Thrones,  and 
holding  in  his  right  hand  a  bird  with 
the  four  heads  which  compose  the 
mystic  combination  under  considera- 
tion. This  painting  is  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  and  was  probably 
executed  under  the  influence  of  the 
Greek  church,  in  which  such  ex- 
travagant forms  had  always  been  fa- 
miliarised from  their  use  in  many 
oriental  systems,  and  the  practices  of 
ancient  heretics. 

M.  Didron  mentions  another  curious 
example  in  a  MS.  entitled  ^Hortus 
Deilciarum,"  in  the  library  at  Stras- 
burg,  designed  in  a  kindred  spirit,  and 
which  the  above-named  writer  con- 
siders may  probably  have  been  also 
executed  under  a  Byzantine  influence. 
This  18  a  quadruped  with  four  heads, 
upon  which  is  seated  a  representation 
of  the  Christian  religion.  This  beast, 
called  animal  ecclesia^  has  four  heads 
of  the  attributes  of  the  evangelists  on 
the  body  of  a  horse.  Each  of  its  feet 
belongs  also  to  one  of  the  attributes. 
On  the  front,  the  right  foot  is  that  of  a 
man,  the  lefl  of  an  eagle ;  behind,  the 


right  foot  is  that  of  an  ox,  the  left  of  a 
lion. 

Accustomed  as  we  are  to  wonder 
at  the  mysterious  combinations  that 
present  themselves  in  the  mytholoirv 
of  Hindostan  and  ancient  %pt,  le 
are  scarcely  aware  of  those  almost 
equally  cunous  and  singular  that  are 
to  be  found,  with  a  little  research,  in 
Christian  mythology,  and  thus  it  is  of 
so  much  interest  to  shew  the  obvious 
analogy  that  sometimes  exists  between 
them,  m  both  cases  deriving  its  origin 
from  a  spirit  of  materialization,  re- 
ducing or  endeavouring  to  reduce  even 
the  most  abstract  ideas  into  shapes  and 
forms  appreciable  by  the  senses. 

Anotner  singular  and  unusual  mode 
of  combination  is  given  in  Agincourt's 
work,  taken  from  a  MS.  of  the  ninth 
century,  called  the  Bible  of  St.  Paul, 
from  its  belonging  to  the  church  dedi- 
cated to  that  apostle  without  the  walls  of 
Rome.  This  MS.  contains  a  miniature 
in  which  there  is  an  angel  with  the 
respective  heads  of  the  other  symbols, 
and  holding  a  book  of  the  Gospels — 
this  is  the  common  type.  In  another 
the  eagle  is  the  principal,  and  the  rest 
of  the  symbols  are  combined  by  having 
the  heads  attached  in  the  same  way  as 
in  the  figure  of  the  angel ;  and  there 
is  also  the  winged  lion  with  the  several 
symbolic  heads.  These,  however,  are 
rare  examples,  but  not  the  less  curious 
for  being  so.  With  them  we  will  bring 
this  piCrt  of  the  subject  to  a  close,  and 
treat  of  the  closely  connected  history 
of  the  evangelistic  symbols  in  the  suc- 
ceeding article. 


RUINS  OF  VAUDEY  ABBEY,  CO.  LINCOLN. 


WITHIN  the  park  of  the  princely 
domain  at  Grimsthorpe,  formerly  the 
seat  of  the  Dukes  of  Ancaster,  and 
now  of  Lord  Willoughby  de  Eresby, 
are  situated  the  foundations,  rather 
than  the  ruins,  of  the  abbey  of  Vaudey, 
which  was  one  of  the  principal  monas- 
teries of  Lincolnshire. 


This  abbey  is  stated  to  have  been 
originally  founded  in  the  year  1147, 
by  William  Earl  of  AJbemarle,  at 
Biham  or  Bytham,  in  the  same  neigh- 
bourhood. The  society  at  first  con- 
sisted of  a  colony  from  the  Cistercian 
abbey  of  Fountains  in  Yorkshire,! 
which  had  itself  been  founded  only 


*  Histoire  de  I'Art  par  lea  Monumeog. 

t  The  connection  with  Fountains  was  maintained  in  later  times.  Stephen  de  Eston, 
Abbat  of  Foantaias,  appears  to  have  died  when  sojouroing  at  Vaudey,  probably  in  a 
journey  from  the  south,  in  the  year  1252.  He  was  buried  in  the  chapter-bouse  of 
Vaudey,  as  stated  in  Burton^s  Monasticon  Ebor.  p.  ^10,  though  it  would  be  supposed, 


Gfteea  yean  before  bj  a  similar  offset 
from  the  abbej  of  St.  Mary  at  York. 
So  prevaleDt  was  the  Bpirit  of  mo- 
naehism  at  that  period,  and  so  great 


selTee  eadowed  with  ample  territories, 
and  thej  determioed  to  build  upon 
another  site,  which  was  relinquished 
to  them  bj  oue  Ceofirej  de  Bracbecurt, 
or  Braithwaite,*  in  the  parish  of  Eden- 
ham.  The  terms  of  Geofirej's  charter 
■re  remarkable.  It  was  given  in  the 
chapt«r'house  of  the  canons  of  Brunne 
(now  Bourne),  and  in  the  presence  of 
hk  superior  lord,  Gilbert  de  Gant, 
Earl  of  Lincoln.  Geoffrey  surren- 
dered his  whole  residence,  with  his 
garden,  to  the  abbev,  upon  this  con- 
oitioQ,  that  the  monks  should  provide 
himself  and  his  wife  in  food  and 
clothing,  both  linen  and  woollen,  and 
their  two  servants  in  food  only.  The 
fare  for  him  and  his  wife  was  to  be 
the  same  as  for  two  monks,  and  that 
for  their  servants  as  for  se 
the  monastery.     This  grant 


from  that  vtr;  imperfect  work,  the  new  edition  of  the  Moniuticon  Anglican  Dm,  that  ha 
was  buried  in  hit  own  chapter- honse. 

■  Id  GeolTrey's  clisrwr  the  name  of  himself  and  hia  residence  it  written  Bracheeurt, 
in  the  confirmation  charier  of  Kini;  Richard  1,  it  ia  Bracthwait. 

f  —  ad  posiuUtionem  Kogenii  episcopi  Romani  et  Bernardi  abbatia  Clarevatleailf, 
— the  eaperior  of  the  Ciatercian  order.  Topographer  end  Geneatogiit,  vol.  i.  p.  304, 
from  Gervise  Hollea'a  Colleelione,  .ol.  v.  p.  526. 


firmed  by  Alan  de  Morton,  the  nephew 
(or  grandson)  and  heir  in  expectancy 
of  Geoffrey ;  but  the  monks  had  ano- 
ther charter  of  the  same  property 
from  Earl  Gilbert  himself,  which  is  not 
now  estaut.  It  appears,  however,  that 
the  removal  took  place  in  the  time  of 
Pope  Eugenius,  and  therefore  before 
1133.  t  The  Earl  appeara  also  to 
have  been  the  donor otvarious  estate* 
of  greater  value,  as  were  others  of  hii 
family,  and  at  the  time  of  the  cod- 
firmation  charter,in  I  Rid. (1189-90), 
the  abbey  was  richly  endowed.  At 
the  taxation  of  1291  its  possessioDi 
werevaluedat23in4«.7if.;  but  sub- 
sequeutly  they  appear  to  have  dimi- 
nished rather  than  increased :  for  at 
the  valuation  in  tiie  time  of  Henry 
VIII.  the  gross  revenue  was  only 
177/-  15(.  71a.  from  which  the  repriaau 
deducted  SSL  9*.  S^d. 

The  abbey  assumed  the  Latin  de- 
signation of  Vailit  Dei,  which  wa« 
converted  by  vernacular  speech  into 
Vaudey.  Such  names  were  frequently 
given  to  monasteries  on  their  lounda- 


156 


Ruins  of  VauiUtij  Ahhey^  co.  Lincoln. 


[Aug. 


tioo,  but  they  onlj  occasionallj  ad- 
hered to  them,  as  in  the  present  case 
and  in  that  of  Grodstow  in  Oxford- 
shire. The  monastery  of  Carthusians 
which  was  in  1222  founded  by  Wil- 
liam Earl  of  Salisbury  at  Hatherop  in 
Gloucestershire,  and  which  he  after- 
wards removed  to  Hinton  in  Wilt- 
shire, was  called  by  him  Locus  Dei; 
and  to  the  nunnery  which  £la  his 
widow  founded  at  Lacock  she  gave  the 
corresponding  name  of  Locus  Beaks 
MaruB,  Another  instance  still  more 
closely  corresponding  to  the  present 
was  one  in  Normandy,  Mons  Dei^  con- 
verted into  Mondaye.  But  the  monks 
more  frequently  kept  to  the  vallevs ; 
and  they  had  a  Vams  Cruets  in  Wales, 
a  VaUis  Salutis  in  Ireland,  and  a  ValUs 
Regalis  in  Cheshire. 

At  the  suppression  there  were  an 
abbat  and  thirteen  monks  resident  at 
Vaudey.  The  site  was  granted  in  the 
30th  of  Henrv  VIII.  to  Charles  Bran- 
don, Duke  of  Suffolk.  It  was  in  that 
very  year  that  it  was  visited  by  Le- 
land,  who  thus  describes  its  appear- 
ance on  coming  from  Coly  Weston. 

*<  From  Coly  Weston  to  Grimestborpe 
about  an  8  miles  or  9»  most  by  playn 
ground,  good  of  coroe  and  pasture,  but 
Title  wood,  sa? ing  .toward  Vauldey  abbay 
and  Grimestborpe  self.  .  .  It  apperith  by 
the  raioes  of  Vauldey  abbay,  a  good  myle 
a'  this  side  Grymestborpe,  that  it  hath 
bene  a  great  tbyng.  There  ys  yn  the  wood 
by  Vauldey  abbay  a  grete  quarrey  of  a 
coarse  marble,  wherof  much  belykelibod 
was  occupied  in  the  abbay.  There  is  a 
fayre  parke  betwixt  Vauldey  and  Grimes- 
tborpe. 

"The  place  of  Grimestborpe  was  no 
great  thing  afore  the  new  building  of  the 
secnnde  court.  Yet  was  al  the  old  work 
of  stone,  and  the  gate-bouse  was  faire  and 
strong,  and  the  wauUes  of  ecbe  [side]  of 
it  embatelid.  There  is  also  a  great  dicb 
about  the  bouse.* 

What  Leland  terms  "  the  old  work" 
of  Grimsthorpe  is  still  remaining  at 
the  south' east  corner  of  the  present 
mansion.  It  is  a  square  tower,  which 
bears  the  reputation  of  being  as  old 
as  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  'Ae  "new 
building"  was  erect^  by  the  Duke  of 
Suffolk,  who  probably  employed  the 


materials  of  Vaudey  abbey  for  the 
purpose;  although,  as  Leland  remarks, 
there  was  a  good  quarry  near  at  band, 
from  wbich  we  find  in  the  Valor  Eccl. 
that  the  monks  derived  a  vearly  farm 
of  seven  marks  (41.  ISs.  4a.) 

Fuller  appears  to  have  picked  up 
an  anecdote  that  the  Duke  of  Suffolk  s 
additions  to  Grimsthorpe  were  raised 
in  great  haste, — ^built  extempore^  in  his 
phrase, — to  be  ready  for  a  visit  of  the 
King.  That  visit  probably  took  place 
in  1532,  when  Henrv  VIIL  is  recorded 
to  have  been  at  otamford.  He  was 
certainly  at  Ghrimsthorpe  in  1541,  from 
the  5th  to  the  8th  of  Au^ust-f  The 
mansion  received  its  magnificent  north 
front  from  the  hands  of  Sir  John  Van- 
brugh,  in  the  time  of  the  second  Duke 
of  Ancaster. 

The  ruins  of  Vaudey  abbey  were 
included  in  the  great  park  of  sixteen 
miles  circumference,  and  have  latterly 
been  almost  forgotten.  Though  Hew- 
lett states,!  in  1800,  that  the  founda- 
tions had  then  been  recently  traced 
by  the  Duke  of  Ancaster,  the  research 
was  probably  very  superficial;  and 
Neale,§  in  1820,  tells  us  that  "It  is 
now  covered  by  a  small  wood ;  not  a 
single  wall  of  any  part  of  the  building 
remains,  except  tiiree  or  four  large 
sculptured  stones.** 

Tne  recent  excavations  made  on  the 
site  of  Vaudey  abbey  have  already 
been  briefly  noticed  in  our  Magazine, 
in  the  report  given  in  our  June  numr 
ber,  p.  647,  ofthe  meetinjB^  held  in  that 
montn  by  Uie  Archsdological  Institute. 
The  site  was  again  explored  for  build- 
ing materials,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
E airing  the  neighbouring  church  of 
iwinestead.  The  excavations  have 
since  proceeded  further,  and  we  are 
informed  that  eight  foundations  of  piers 
or  clustered  columns  have  now  been 
brought  to  light. 

The  clustered  pier  represented  in 
the  en^ving,  from  a  drawing  by  Mr. 
Browning,  architect,  of  Stamford,  is 
one  of  four  which  appear  to  have  sup- 
ported the  central  tower.  The  dia- 
meter of  each  is  eleven  feet,  and  they 
stand  twenty-five  feet  apart.  The 
mouldings  are   remarkable   for  their 


•  Itinerary,  torn.  i.  fol.  26. 

t  See  the  narrative  of  Henry  the  Eighth's  progress  of  that  year  tbrougb  Lincoln- 
shire, by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  in  the  Lincoln  volame  of  the  ArchKological  Institute. 


•f 


Vifws  in  Lincolnshire. 


II  Views  of  Seats. 


1851.] 


Sml  rith  a  Mnxhanl't  Mark. 


157 


Inuuept  "the  pafement- tiles  found 
the  biae  of  tha  ceatral  columuB  ■ 
chieSjr  of  a  dark  green  glaxei  thnugb 


The   Rot.  W.  B.  Clufi- 
n,  Vicar  of  Edenham,  hu  discovetM 
among  the  debris  the  remains  of  wliat 
he  considers  to  be  n  san<.-te  bell. 

When  Stamford  flourisbed   in   the 
character  irbich  Peck  commeniDraled 
the  Tertia  Academia  Angli»,  moat 


le  appear  to  hare  been  figured,  and  of  tbe  neighbouring  moDaatariea  had 

the  pattern  of  a  rose,  and  of  a  bunch  halU  for  their  novices  in   that   town  ; 

of  grapes  with  leave*,  bare  been  either  and  tbe  name  of  Vaude;  Uall  U  atil) 

•een  or  imagiaed  in  some  instances.  remembered  there,  though  its  situation 

The  sou£  transept  terminate*  in  a  is  now  unknown.  J.  G.  N. 


SEAL  WITH  A  MERCHANT'S  MASK. 


MANT  attempts  have  been  made 
to  elucidate  the  use  of  Merchant's 
Marks ;  but  no  one  has  hitherto  been 
successful  in  proving  that  the;  were 
anything  more  than  arbitrarj  symbols, 
which,  when  once  adopted,  were  uni- 
formlj  adhered  to  bj  the  parties  who 
employed  them,  and  which  answered 
the  purposu  of  tokens  of  proprietorship, 
peculiar  in  each  case,  and  understood 
by  the  owner's  porters  and  servants, 
whose  scholarship  would  have  suarcely 
extended  to  any  longer  or  more  com- 
plicated  inscriptions. 

There  is  so  much  uniformity  of  cha- 
racter in  the  ustial  composition  and 
design  of  these  marks,  that  it  seems 
wonderful  that  sufficient  variety  was 

Cuced  from  such  slight  materials. 
io«t  instances  there  is  a  general 
resemblance  to  mast-heads  or  vanes, 
frequently  terminating  with  one  or 
more  lines  drawn  at  acute  angles  and 
sometimes  wavy  orzig-EiK,  which  evi' 
dentlj  typified  the  amaU  penons  or 
pensels  which  used  to  adorn  the  heads 
of  merchant-vessels,  and  still  do  so. 
With  these  lines  are  combined  crosses 
and  circles,  and  other  siinple  variations 
of  figure  ;  which,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
ordinaries  of  heraldry,  appear  to  have 


provided  a  sufficient  variety  of  design 
for  the  purposes  of  identification, 
though  it  mi^ht  require  a  practised 
eye  to  discriminate  their  differences. 

We  have  observed  another  element 
which  enters,  perhaps  in  the  m^ority 
of  cases,  into  toe  designs  of  Merchant 
Marks,  lliis  is  the  initial  letters  of 
their  owner's  names.  Such  letters  are 
often  fancifully  combined  with  tbe 
other  lines,  and  will  not  at  once  be 
perceived  unless  looked  for. 

In  the  Seal  of  which  an  engraving  is 
now  given,  the  whole  of  the  owner's 
name  is  expressed  by  the  lines  of  his 
Mark.  First,  at  the  foot,  is  a  G; 
towards  the  top  an  o ;  the  black-letter 
M  of  the  period  appears  above  the 
first  letter ;  and  then,  the  same  line*, 
turned  sideways,  form  the  mediaeval 
B.  It  is  probable  that  the  cross- 
bar in  the  centre  of  tbe  mark  was  in- 
tended to  represent,  in  addition,  the 
owner's  christian  name.  It  forms  a 
T  when  tbe  mark  is  viewed  upriuht, 
and  such  was  doubtless  its  intention, 
as  the  design  would  bave  con  tain  tnl  an 
I  in  its  main  stem,  without  this  ad- 
ditional line.  We  thus  arrive  at  the 
whole  of  his  name,  Thomas  Gome,  one 
which  still  exists  under  the  modem 


158 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Aug. 


orthographies  of  Gomm  and  Gomme. 
The  mark  is  one  of  those  which  ter- 
minate in  a  cross  instead  of  the  pensels 
above  alluded  to. 

In  the  marginal  legend  the  name  is 
written  Gobies;  this  we  take  to  be 
the  genitive  case,  as  much  as  to  say 
Oome's  mark. 

In  the  fourteenth  century  the  term 
gome  was  in  frequent  use  in  the  sense 
we  now  say  chap  or  fellow.  Several 
examples  will  be  found  in  Todd*8 
Johnson,  and  in  Richardson*s  Dic- 
tionary. Archdeacon  Nares  gives  an 
instance  from  the  old  play  of  The 
Widow,  and  remarks,  "It  has  been 
found  in  Piers  Ploughman,  though 
not  in  Chaucer."  It  occurs  also  more 
than  once  in  the  contemporary  poem 
on  the  deposition  of  Richard  II.  printed 
by  the  Camden  Society. 

As  a  surname  we  find  it  as  early  as 
the  reign  of  Edward  U.  when  John 
Gome  founded  a  chantry  at  Tal- 
lagheme  in  Wales.  (Calend.  Inq.  ad 
Quod  Damn.  p.  282.) 

Its  continued  existence  as  a  name 
has  been  illustrated  in  modern  times 
by  the  public  services  of  the  present 
Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  Wm.  Maynard  Gromm, 
K.C.B.  Colonel  of  the  13th  Foot. 

With  an  additional  vowel  the  name 
is  also  well  known  as  belonging  to  a 
flounshmff  fanuly  connected  with  build- 
ing speculations  in  the  vicinity  of  Lon- 
don.   The  late  Mr.  James  Gomme  was 


a  Fellow  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries; 
and  his  kinsman,  Mr.  Stephen  (jromme, 
is  commemorated  by  his  liberality  in 
presenting  the  ground  upon  which  the 
new  church  of  St.  Stephen,  near 
Shepherd's  Bush,  has  been  recently 
erected,  chiefly  at  the  expense  of  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  London.* 

The  seal  was  found  in  or  near  Mel- 
ford,  in  Suffolk,  and  is  now  in  the  pos- 
session of  Richard  Almack,  Esq.  F.S.  A. 

Its  material  is  brass.  The  work- 
manship is  so  elegant  that  we  have 
given  an  engraving  of  the  seal  itself, 
as  well  as  its  impression.  The  star 
seen  in  perspective  marks  the  top  of 
the  design,  as  a  ffuide  in  making  an 
impression  perfecuy  upright. 

From  the  legend  m  the  circum- 
ference having  been  misread  Comes 
instead  of  Gomss,  some  who  have  seen 
this  seal  have  imagined  that  it  be- 
longed to  an  Earlf  or  to  some  oflice 
connected  with  the  county  of  Essex. 
We  need  scarcely  add  that  such  a  con- 
jecture was  not  very  consistent  in  con- 
nection with  a  *'  merchant's  mark,**  at 
least  upon  a  seal;  for,  though  these 
marks  might  sometimes  be  used  by 
those  who  also  had  right  to  coat- 
armour,  they  generally  occur,  as  per- 
sonal emblems,  in  substitution  for  **  the 
pride  of  heraldry,**  among  those  classes 
to  whom  its  honours  did  not  descend. 

J.  G.  N. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

St.  Peter*t  ''supposed  "  Chair— *<  Milton's  Works  in  Verse  and  Prose  "—  Horace  Walpole  and 
Janios— Suggestion  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Taylor  Fund  as  to  the  improvement  of  the  English 
language— Hospital  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  at  Lynn— Coventry  Tokens. 


St.  Peter's  "  supposed  '*  Chair. 


Mr.  Urban,  —  On  my  return  from 
Rome,  after  an  absence  of  some  months, 
I  find  your  Magazines  for  that  period 
awaiting  me,  and  in  those  for  June  and 
July  I  have  read  with  interest  the  paper 
on  '♦  The  Legend  of  St.  Peter's  Chair,'' 
and  the  letter  of  Mr.  James  Roche,  of 
Cork,  in  reference  thereto. 

Mr.  Roche,  with  his  usual  accuracy  and 
tact,  has  taken  advantage  of  some  inci- 
dental inaccuracies  of  Lady  Morgan  to 
damage  her  general  testimony ;  but,  as 


you  justly  observe,  neither  Mr.  Roche's 
suggestions  nor  corrections  can  settle  the 
point  in  dispute.  A  lady  may  make  most 
slip-slop  confusion  of  dates  and  facts,  but 
her  doing  so  does  not  authenticate  the 
•♦  Legend  of  St.  Peter's  Chair."  Had  her 
ladyship  been  less  fond  of  epigrammatic 
point  she  might  have  argued  her  point, 
and  escaped  a  mortifying  exposure ;  but 
her  blundering  leaves  the  original  question 
quite  as  much  at  issue  as  before. 

Whilst  at  Rome  I  examined  with  much 


*  See  our  Magazine  for  July  1850,  p.  82. 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


159 


attention  the  ponderous  and  fantastic  mass 
of  bronze  wpffosed  to  contain  the  subject 
matter  of  controTersy  between  **  The  Lady 
and  The  Cardinal."  1  viewed  it  more  than 
once  both  in  front  and  rear,  in  order  to 
discover  if  possible  where  *'  French  Cari- 
osity" might  have  formerly  let  daylight 
in  upon  the  relic,  but  I  could  not  perceive 
any  traces  of  such  an  operation  ;  none 
were  visible  from  any  point  of  view  to 
which  I  could  attain. 

In  reading  Cardinal  Wiseman's  accurate 
and  borrowed  description  of  the  Enshrined 
Chair,  comparing  it  with  the  plate  printed 
by  you  from  the  design  of  "  Maria 
Turrigio,"  and  bringing  my  own  fresh 
recollection  of  the  ehape  and  eize  of  the 
great  bronze  case  to  bear  on  both,  I  own 
a  very  grave  doubt  occurs  to  me  whether 
all  parties  may  not  be  disputing  about 
something  as  unreal  as  the  problem  which 
a  merry  king  once  proposed  to  a  grave 
society;  in  fact  I  raise  the  question 
whethisr  the  exoteric  chair  really  contains 
any  esoteric  counterpart  ?  The  materials  of 
a  chair  may  be  inclosed  lying  as  a  heap 
of  disjointed  sticks ;  there  may  lie  within 
(as  in  the  golden  case  of  St.  Mark's  Gos- 
pel at  Venice)  a  heap  of  fragments, "  pulvis 
et  praeterea  nihil  ;*'  but  that  a  chair,  in 
the  shape  of  a  chair,  as  described  by  Dr. 
Wiseman,  and  depicted  in  your  Magazine, 
can  be  inclosed  in  the  visible  shrine  of 
bronze,  seems  to  be  more  than  question- 
able, for  the  following  reasons : 

The  bronze  Cathedra  closes  the  vista  of 
the  nave  of  St.  Peter's,  and  as  every  one 
knows  the  gigantic  scale  of  every  orna- 
ment and  component  part  of  this  vast 
edifice,  it  may  be  supposed  that  this  chair 
is  of  proportionate  size ;  it  is  held  up,  as 
I  venture  to  think,  rather  grotesquely 
than  grandly,  upon  the  tips  of  the  fingers 
of  four  colossal  doctors  of  the  Greek  and 
Latin  church,  at  an  elevation  of  seventy 
feet  to  the  top ;  it  is  in  the  shape  of  a  large 
arm  chair,  and,  as  my  recollection  serves 
me,  it  is  a  question  more  than  puzzling  in 
what  part  of  it  the  original  chair  of  St. 
Peter  can  be  supposed  to  be  contained  ?* 

The  Cardinal  is  very  accurate,  but  he 
nowhere  asserts  that  he  writes  as  an  eye- 
witness. His  account  has  been  traced 
verbatim  to  a  writer  in  the  middle  of  the 
last  century,  or  one  hundred  years  ago. 
Query,  did  that  writer  speak  as  an  eye- 
witness ?  Or  did  he  too  write  from  tra- 
dition ?  Thus  the  question  lies  open — 
Who  has  seen  that  to  which  so  many  are 
ready  to  give  testimony  ? 


The  Cardinal  is  very  accurate  ;  he  des- 
cribes  the  chair  as  consisting  of  two  parts, 
a  body  and  a  back  ;  the  body  he  des- 
cribes as  a  cube  measuring  in  Roman 
palms,  what  we  should  call  three  feet  four 
inches  broad,  two  feet  one  inch  deep,  and 
about  three  feet  high  ;  the  dimensions  of 
the  back  he  does  not  give ;  but  as  he 
describes,  and  the  drawing  shews,  that  the 
back  consisted  of  *"*  a  series  of  pilasters 
supporting  arches,  with  a  triangular  pede- 
ment,''  it  seems  impossible  to  suppose 
that  the  back  can  have  been  less  than  two 
feet  high,  probably  more ;  here  then  upon 
the  lowest  supposition  we  have  a  body  not 
less  than  five  feet  high,  by  three  deep,  in 
the  form  of  a  chair,  supposed  to  be  in- 
closed in  another  chair  of  totally  different 
size  and  proportions  ;  and  it  is  curious  to 
speculate  in  what  part  of  the  gigantic 
case  are  we  to  suppose  it  inclosed  i  is  it 
in  the  back  ?  is  it  in  the  seat  ?  is  it  in  one 
of  the  legs  ?  for  assuredly  it  cannot  fit  in 
its  case  leg  for  leg,  seat  for  seat,  back  for 
back.  The  solution  for  all  these  diflBculties 
would  be,  as  you  observe  it  is  shortly  and 
sensibly  put  by  Lady  Morgan,  to  *'  pro- 
duce the  chair."  If  this  be  not  done, 
and  if  there  be  no  otherwise  satisfactory 
answer  to  these  queries,  this  other  ques- 
tion inevitably  urges  itself — Is  there  any 
chair  inclosed  at  all  ?  or  is  not  the  bronze 
case  a  deception  somewhat  similar  to  that 
which  Mr.  Carlyle  pointedly  describes  of 
a  stuffed  set  of  legs  provided  for  an  infirm 
pope  which  enabled  him  to  appear  in  the 
balcony  of  St.  Peter's,  as  if  standing  up  to 
bless  the  multitude,  while,  in  fact,  he  was 
seated  at  his  ease  behind  **  the  sham.'* 

Apropos  of  "  shams,"  and  to  turn  aside 
from  the  '*  sella  gestatoria"  for  the  pre- 
sent, it  appears  both  remarkable  and  sig- 
nificant that  the  great  altar  of  St.  Peter's 
should  be  as  it  were  sentineled  by  four 
memorials  of  saints  and  miracles,  of  which 
candid  Roman  Catholics  themselves  admit 
three  to  be  doubtful,  while  to  a  Protestant 
investigator  there  seems  so  little  doubt 
in  the  case,  that  he  may  consider  the  chief 
altar  of  a  *'  strong  delusion ''  could  not  be 
more  appropriately  garnished  than  by  such 
imaginary  saints  and  such  mock  miracles. 
Mr.  Eustace,  a  Roman  Catholic,  whose  can- 
dour in  some  parts  of  his  book  renders  it 
almost  worthy  of  a  place  in  the  *'  Index 
Prohibitorum  Librorum,"  openly  cen- 
sures the  judgment  which  has  appro- 
priated three  of  the  principal  niches  of  the 
nave  of  St.  Peter's  to  saints  whose  repute 
was  merely  local  at  best,  and  whose  very 


*  A  view  of  the  chair,  as  described  by  our  correspondent,  may  be  seen  in  Bonanni's 
Numismata  sumntorum  pontiftcum  templi  Vaticani  fabricam  indicantia,  fol.  Romse, 
1715,  p.  111.— Ed. 


160 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Aug. 


esristenee  may,  m  he  candidly  owns,  be 
quetiioned  by  many. 

The  post  of  honour  at  the  right  hand  of 
the  great  altar  is  occupied  by  Saint  Ve- 
ronica" a  saint  whose  identity  is  absorbed 
in  the  Tulgar  error  of  a  former  age,  which 
embodied  and  personified  a  veron  ikon 
(a  true  likeness)  of  Christ  into  a  woman, 
auppotetl  to  have  wiped  his  face  as  he  went 
towards  Calvary,  and  in  doing  so  to  have 
brought  away  his  likeness  miraculously 
impressed  upon  her  handkerchief,  which 
handkerchief  is  ntpposed  to  be  preserved 
in  the  reliquial  treasury  overhead,  and  on 
high  days  is  exhibited  to  the  prostrated 
multitude  below,  as  one  of  the  **  great 
relics  of  St.  Peter's.'  *  In  the  distance  and 
darkness  no  one  can  possibly  distinguish 
whether  the  object  held  out  to  their  adora- 
tion be  a  handkerchief  or  a  hat. 

St.  Helena  balances  St.  Veronica  on  the 
opposite  side,  being,as  Eustace  remarks,  **a 
princess  of  great  virtue  and  eminent  piety  ;*' 
but  her  statue,  he  thinks,  might  be  more 
fitly  placed  in  the  vestibule,  beside  her  son 
Constantine.  St.  Helena  however  flanks 
the  high  altar  of  St  Peter's.  Her  celebrity 
mainly  rests  upon  the  invention  I  (what  a 
happy  word)  of  that  material  cross  of  which 
it  is  said  that  more  pieces  are  scattered 
through  the  world  than  would  suffice  to 
build  a  first-rate  man-of-war. 

A  third  corner  of  the  noble  nave  is  ap- 
propriated to  St.  Longinus,  '*  whose  very 
name,"  says  candid  Eustace,  "  exists  but 
in  legendary  tale."  St.  Longinus  is  tup- 
posed  to  be  the  soldier  who  pierced  the 
Saviour's  side  while  on  the  cross ;  the  very 
point  of  the  spear  with  which  he  did  the 
deed  is  supposed  to  be  preserved  in  the 
reliquarium  overiiead ;  and  Longinus,  sup- 
posed  to  be  converted  by  the  results  of 
the  crucifixion,  takes  rank  as  the  third 
sentinel  of  the  high  altar  of  St  Peter's. 

The  fourth  niche  is  allocated  to  a  colos- 
sal statue  of  St  Andrew,  and  in  the  gal- 
lery overhead  is  exposed  to  rest  the  actual 
head  of  the  apostle.  Some  time  since  this 
relic  was  stolen,  whether  by  a  religious 
thief  who  valued  the  head  itself,  or  by 
one  who  sought  the  casket  and  its  jewels, 
must  be  doubtful ;  but  in  a  little  time  the 


head  was  recovered ;  the  robber  in  a  fit  of 
remorse,  probably  after  having  filched  the 
jewels,  deposited  the  venerable  reUc  in  a 
garden  near  Rome,  giving  intimation  to 
its  sleepy  eustodes  where  it  might  be 
found.  It  would  be  impossible  to  doubt 
the  implicit  faith  of  at  least  one  individual 
in  thegenuineness  of  this  relic.  Thedistress 
of  Pio  Nono  during  its  loss  was  extreme, 
and  his  joy  on  its  recovery  proportionate  : 
it  was  restored  to  its  place  with  every 
solemnity  and  honour  he  could  give  to 
the  ceremony — which  ended  with  public 
rejoicings  as  for  the  recovery  of  a  palla- 
dium. Indeed  no  one  can  behold -the  de- 
meanour of  the  present  Pope  in  public 
ceremonies  without  being  convinced  of  his 
personal  devotion  to  what  he  supposes  to 
be  the  truth.  Whatever  opinion  may  be 
formed  of  the  head  or  judgment  of  Pio 
Nono,  it  is  impossible  to  doubt  the  earn- 
estness of  his  piety,  presenting,  I  must 
say,  a  marked  contrast  to  the  indifferent 
formality  of  others  officially  engaged  in 
these  performances. 

These  with  a  host  of  minor  relics  are 
the  selected  ornaments  of  the  high  altar 
of  St.  Peter's ;  and,  with  the  questionable 
chair  which  closes  the  perspective,  it 
must  be  owned  that  the  garnishing  is  not 
inappropriate  to  that  which  it  embellishes. 

And  now  one  word  more  as  to  the  sup* 
posed  chair.  The  nave  of  this  great  temple 
seems  the  very  fairy-land  of  supposition  ; 
let  us  carry  supposition  a  little  further. 
Suppose  the  demand  to  *' produce  the 
chair"  complied  with,  the  bronze  chair 
opened,  and  an  actual  chair  found  therein, 
what  will  it  prove  ?  If  Lady  Morgan's 
Cufic  inscription  is  found,  it  settles  the 
question  at  once.  If  Cardinal  Wiseman's 
arcades  and  pillared  arches  appear  orna- 
menting a  supposed  relic  of  an  age  when 
these  ornaments  were  not  yet  invented, 
the  discovery  will  be  equally  decisive. 
"  Therefore,"  whether  we  find  the  Lady's 
ifiscription  or  the  Cardinal's  ifescription 
to  be  correct,  the  chair  is  left  iiierally 
without  **  a  leg  to  stand  upon,"  as  a  genuine 
remain  of  St  Peter. 

I  am,  &c    A.  B.  R. 


Milton's  Works  in  vbrsb  and  prosb. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  Mr.  Pickering's  very 
handsome  edition  of  Milton's  works  in 
prose  and  verse,  the  editor  has  very  pro- 
perly adhered  to  the  author's  very  peculiar 
system  of  spelling.  He  has  made  the 
edition  much  more  valuable  by  doing  .so 
But  can  any  of  your  correspondents  assure 
the  less  skilful  reader  that  these  variations 
in  spelling  are  accurately  copied  from  the 
original  edition.  The  numerous  mis- 
prints in  the  life  of  Milton  make  the 
7 


reader  doubtful  how  far  he  can  trust  the 
correctness  of  the  text  in  the  body  of  the 
work.  I  have  not  kept  a  list  of  the  errata, 
but  two  that  I  notice  in  turning  over  the 
volume  will  serve  as  a  sample.  In  p.  xlv. 
note,  for  Bowles's  life  of.Bishop  Ken,  read 
Bowie !  In  p.  Ixxviii.  the  following 
quotation  from  the  letters  of  Charles  Lamb 
is  thus  printed :  **  The  Just  Defence  is 
the  greatest  work  among  them,  because  it 
is  uniformly  great,  and  such  as  is  befitting 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


161 


the  Terj  thought  of  a  great  fuUure,  speaks 
for  itself'*  instead  of  '<  The  First  De- 
fence ''  and  ''the  very  mouth  of  a  great 
nation  speaking,** 

Again  in  the  next  sentence,  '*  bat  the 
Second  Defence,  which  is  but  a  sacrifice  of 


splendid  passages  "  instead  of  **  sneees' 

mit^    ft 


ston. 


Surely  such  printing  in  a  work  of  such 
pretension  is  calculated  to  make  the  un- 
fortunate purchaser  groan. 

Yours,  &c.  D.  S. 


Horace  Walpole  and  Junius. 


Mr.  Urban, — Do  the  following  ex- 
pressions make  it  at  all  probable  that 
Horace  Walpole  was  Junius  ? 

They  refer  to  the  treatment  of  General 
Conway,  who  had  been  deprived  of  his 
employment  on  account  of  voting  against 
the  legality  of  general  warrants. 

*'  I  have  passed  a  night,  for  which 
George  Grenville  *  and  the  Duke  of  Bed- 
ford shall  pass  many  an  uneasy  one !  " 

"  My  anger  shall  be  a  little  more  manly, 
and  the  plsua  of  my  revenge  a  little  deeper 
laid,  than  in  peevish  bons-mots.  You 
shall  judge  of  my  indignation  by  its  dura- 
tion." 

**  Have  I  separated  myself  from  you  ? 
&c  &c.  Tf  they  have  dared  to  hint  this, 
the  pen  that  is  now  writing  to  you  will 
bitterly  undeceive  them.'' 


"  I  wish  to  command  myself— but  that 
struggle  shall  be  added  to  their  bill." — To 
General  Conway,  April  21,  1764. 

"  Tho'  not  writing  to  you,  I  have  been 
employed  about  you,  as  I  have  ever  since 
the  2l8t  of  April — a  dag  your  enemies 
shall  have  some  cause  to  remember,** — 
To  General  Conway,  June  5,  1764. 

'*  I  trust  you  will  mind  them  (ministers) 
no  more  than  I  do,  excepting  ihejlattery, 
w<=h  /  shall  not  forget f  I  promise  them.** 
— To  General  Conway,  Sept.  1.  1764. 

If  these  extracts  do  not  prove  Horace 
Walpole  to  be  JuniuSt  surely  they  must 
connect   him   with  that  mysterious  per- 
sonage.     If   not,    what   can    he   allude 
to?— 

Clbricus. 


Suggestion  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Taylor  Fund  as  to  the  Improvement 

OF  the  English  Language. 


Mr.  Urban, — To  those  who  have 
studied  the  internal  powers  and  capabili- 
ties of  the  English  language,  it  has  often 
been  a  matter  of  regret  that  in  the  com- 
position of  words  to  express  new  ideas  in 
arts,  sciences,  &c.  recourse  should  have 
been  so  often  had  to  the  uncongenial  lan- 
guages of  Greece  and  Rome,  instead  of  to 
our  own  mother-tongue,  which  possesses 
both  a  treasury  of  home-words  and  a  pliancy 
admirably  adapted  to  meet  all  our  wants. 
That  it  is  altogether  too  late  to  remedy 
such  a  state  of  things  cannot  be  allowed. 
Permit  me  to  propose  therefore  the  for- 
mation of  a  New  Societgfor  the  Improve- 
ment qf  the  English  Language  in  respect 
of  the  defects  and  evils  now  indicated. 
It  is  not  right  that  because  all  cannot  be 
done,  that  therefore  we  should  stand  still 
with  folded  arms  and  do  nothing.  German 
writers  have  not  been  blind  to  our  careless- 
ness and  supineness  ;  and  it  is  chiefly  in 
consequence  of  reading  what  one  of  them 
has  very  recently  written  on  the  subject  that 
I  now  address  you.  Query,  would  it  not 
be  a  legitimate  exercise  of  the  powers  de- 
legated by  the  will  of  the  founder  of  the 


Taylor  Institution  at  Oxford — to  en* 
deavour  to  improve  the  English  language 
in  the  way  above  stated  ? 

The  following  extract  from  the  will  of 
Sir  Robert  Taylor  is  printed  in  the  regu- 
lations for  that  Institution,  agreed  upon 
in  convocation,  April  10,  1845,  and 
March  4,  1847. 

to  the  Chancellor  and  Scholars 


ti 


of  the  University  of  Oxford  and  their  suc- 
cessors for  the  purpose  of  applying  the 
interest  and  produce  thereof  in  purchase 
of  freehold  land  withm,  or  if  possible  to 
be  made  within,  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
said  University,  and  for  the  erecting  a 
proper  edifice  thereon,  and  for  establishing 
a  foundation  for  the  teaching  and  improv- 
ing the  European  languages  in  such  man- 
ner as  should  from  time  to  time  be  ap- 
proved by  the  said  Chancellor  and  Scholars 
in  Convocation  assembled.^* 

I  beg  to  recommend  the  consideration 
of  this  subject  to  the  heads  of  that  illus- 
trious University,  now  so  seasonably  en- 
gaged in  improving  and  expanding  its 
course  of  instruction. 

Yours  &c.  Philologus. 


Hospital  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  at  Lynn. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  hospital  to  which 
the  following  letter  alludes  was  that  of  St. 
Mary  Magdalen-on-the-Causeway  between 
Gaywood  and  Lynn,  founded  by  Peter  the 


Chaplain  in  the  time  of  King  Stephen, 
A.D.  1145.  It  consisted  of  a  prior  and 
twelve  brethren  and  sisters,  of  whom  ten 
(the  prior  being  one)  were  sound,  and 


*  George  Grenville  was  a  favourite  of  Junius. — Ed. 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XAXVI.  Y 


162 


Correspondence  of  Syhanus  Urban, 


[Aug. 


three  unsound,  or  leprous.     Peter  the 
Chaplain,  their  founder,  died  in  1174. 

It  was  in  consequence  of  the  inquiry 
instituted  in  this  letter  that  the  mayor  and 
burgesses  of  Lynn  purchased  the  king's 
letters  patents  granting  the  site  of  the 
hospital,  and  the  lands  and  tenements 
thereto  belonging,  for  the  maintenance  of 
poor  people. 

Tanner,  in  his  Notitia  Monastica,  speaks 
of  it  as  re-founded  by  King  James  the 
First. 

Yours,  &c.        H.  E. 

[MS.  Cotton.  Vesp.  F.  xii.  fol.  161.] 

My  verie  good  lorde,  I  have  looked  into 
the  state  of  the  hospitall,  or  poore  house 
of  Gay  wood  neere  L3rnne,and  doe  fynde  it 
broken  and  spoyled,  and  full  of  confusion; 
neverthelesse  some  lyttle  thinge  is  lefte, 
and  somewhat  I  suppose  may  be  re- 
covered that  is  nowe  w*''houlden  from  yt. 
It  seemes  to  me  that  the  foundac'on  is 
yerie  auncient  (for  I  can  fynde  neyther 
foundac'on  nor  founder),  and  did  consist 
of  a  prior  or  master,  and  certen  poore 
bretheren  and  sisters,  w^^  in  former  tymes 
they  sale  weare  aboute  a  dozen  in  nomber. 
And  it  may  well  be,  for  I  suppose  that  the 
land  y^auDciently  belonged  vnto  them 
was  some  threscore  poundes  by  yeare  or 
better,  to  be  improved  at  this  daye.  But 
this  hospitall  while  it  stoode  was  soe  iU 
husbanded  by  the  M"  that  they  have 
made  awaye  the  principall  thinges,  some  in 
Henry  theyghtes  tyme  some  since,  for 
fower  skore  or  a  hundred  yeares  at  very 
imale  rentes :  one  thinge  nowe  in  the 
handes  of  one  M**  Thursbie  worthe  twentie 
poundes  a  yeare,  at  the  rent  of  twentie 
shillinges  :  one  other  made  awaye  to  one  of 
the  Stranges,  nowe  comed  to  the  hands  of 
S'  Phillipp  Woodhouse  at  the  rent  of 
twentie  three  shillinges  a  yeare,  that  by 
likeliehoode  is  worthe  thirtie  poundes  a 
yeare;  and  yet  these  smale  rents  them- 
selves are  deteyned  and  not  paide,  and 
the  lands  have  runne  soe  longe  myngled 
w*>>  other  lands  of  these  great  owners  that 
there  is  lyttle  hope  w*i>out  greate  difficultie 
to  finde  them  out.  Besides  this  spoyle 
com'ytted  by  themselves,  there  are  alsoe 
some  coppie  houldes  of  twoe  manno",  one 
late  Justice  Gawdies  the  other  M'  Thurs- 
bies,  w^**  the  lordes  have  taken  awaye 
▼ppon  p'tence  that  the  hospitall  was  sup- 
p'ssed.  Likewise  certen  consealers  fell 
vppon  them  for  theire  whole  state,  as 
namelie  one  Baldv(3rn,  whoe  claymed  vnder 
S'  George  Howard,  against  whome  they 
p'vayled,  and  proved  the  lande  not  to  be 
concealed.  After  him  one  Adams  gott  a 
newe  graunte,  vppon  tytle  of  conceal- 
ment, w**  the  towne  of  Lynne  bought  of 
him  and  tooke  slate  thereof  from  him  in 


theire  owne  names,  and  therefore  I  shoulde 
muche  have  suspected  theire  purpose,  but 
that  they  have  cleared  themselves  by  good 
effectes,  and  yealde  themselves  to  what  I 
shall  advise  for  the  establishment  of  the 
house,  and  recoverie  and  restoreinge  of 
the  possessions.  They  saye  that  because 
they  sawe  the  M'  and  the  bretheren  and 
sisters  to  make  awaye  theire  possessions 
for  soe  longe  termes,  and  for  noethinge, 
they  thought  it  good  to  buye  in  this  estate 
to  disable  the  Mr.  to  make  suche  spoylCy 
and  to  inhable  themselves  to  maynteyne 
as  manie  poore  as  the  lyveinge  woolde 
beare,  or  rather  more,  and  therefore 
the  towne  of  Lynne  doe  at  this  daye 
stocke  thirteene  or  fourteene  acres  of 
good  pasture  (p'cell  of  the  landes  of  the 
hospitall)  w^**  cowes,  at  the  chardge  of  the 
towne  of  Lynne,  whereof  they  give  the 
whole  p'£fett  to  the  poore.  There  is  alsoe 
twentie  acres  more  w^^  the  towne  of  Lynne 
have  lett  out,  to  the  reasonable  value,  and 
imploye  the  rent,  w*^  some  addic'on  of 
theire  owne,  to  the  vse  of  the  poore,  soe 
that  there  are  nowe  maynteyned  some  size 
p'sons  in  the  hospitall. 

Uppon  considerac'on  of  all  this  case  I 
am  of  opynion  y*  this  hospitall  is  and 
ought  to  be  in  beinge,  and  ought  not  to 
come  to  the  crowne,  ffor  it  was  a  meere 
laye  hospitall  erected  for  the  sustentac'on 
of  poore  persons  w*out  anie  mixture  of 
sup'sticion. 

Nextlie,  I  can  not  finde  by  anie  instru- 
ment or  writeing  whoe  founded  it  nor 
whoe  ought  to  place  the  M'  and  poore 
there.  Onelie  it  seemes  that  the  towne 
of  Lynne  have  placed  them  as  longe  at 
men  may  remember.  And  accordinglye 
they  clayme  to  be  patrons  of  it,  and  have 
vppon  the  avoydaunce  of  the  mastershipp 
placed  others,  and  sent  them  to  the  houset 
and  installed  them.  Neither  doe  I  fynde 
that  anie  other  have  done  soe  besides 
themselves. 

Touchinge  theire  landes  w^**  are  some  of 
them  wrongefullie  w^houlden,  some  of 
them  houlden  by  longe  leases  to  the 
vndoeing  of  the  house,  as  I  have  said, 
there  must  be  some  course  taken  by  lawe 
to  recover  what  may  be,  and  to  sett  out 
and  distinguishe  the  rest  that  is  houlden 
by  lease,  that  at  the  least  when  the  termei 
expyre  it  may  be  knowen  what  belongei 
vnto  them. 

And  that  tytle  and  p*  tended  convey- 
aunce  of  the  towne  of  Lynne  must  be 
taken  in,  w*^**  they  are  content  to  yeald  for 
the  benefett  of  the  house.  And  if  they 
will  alsoe  be  intreated  to  beare  the  chardge 
of  the  suite  to  reduce  and  settle  the  poe- 
sessions  of  the  house,  w***  p'happs  I  shall 
bringe  them  to,  they  shall  well  deserve  to 
have  the  patronage  confirmed  mto  them, 


Corrnpmdence  ofSylvanua  Urban. 


>e  proffitt  of  it,  jet  tbe  i 

and  rule  of  the  hatpitall  (for  «<''  tbe;  arc 
wated  (pllie,  far  tbej  ire  neighbors  Co  it) 
willinTite  them  to  the  ch«rd^. 


And  laitlie,  I  woulde  hnmblie  m 


ide  of  the  lordea  care  and  deiie 
iHritsble  worke.  Thus  recDm'ei 
good  of  this  poare  hospiCall  to  yo 


e  JO'     hie  p'lecc'oQ,  I  n 


lordshii^  that  jow  woulde  be  pleaied  to 
be  a  intor  to  hii  Ma"'  to  give  his  gntiotu 
•yde  in  laebe  eoane  as  shalbe  foEmde 
BOat  br  tbein  good.  Tor  the  better  es- 
tablishment bothe  of  theirt  coporac'on  To  the  Right  hono'able  m 
■nd  posseasion*.  And  then  I  will  seude  good  I^rde  the  Lord'  Privie 
to  the  meo  of  Ljane,  and  gire  direccion  Seale, 


Yo'  Lordshipps  mtts 
HeNKY  Adai 
9"  April,  1609. 


COVENTBV  To  El 


Ha.  Ubbah.— WUI  the  follaving  ac- 
coont  of  CokenB  formerlj  issued  bj  the 
Corporation  of  Corentij  and  Tahous  pri- 
vate iahsbitants  of  thai  city  be  acceptable 
to  your  readers  ? 

Thii  private  coinage  of  tokens  arose  ont 
of  the  inconranience  sustaioed  bj  shop. 
ke«pen  and  the  public  in  consequence  of 
tbe  scarcity  of  small  change.  The  metals 
nsed  were  tin,  copper,  and  brass,  and 
of  coarse  every  person  who  issued  this 
kind  of  coin  was  obliged  to  take  it  again 
when  offered  to  him.  Where  man;  aorta 
were  carrenC  tradesmeu  kept  sorting- 
boxet,  into  which  thej  put  the  tokens  of 
diflerant  ptmoDS,  and  at  a  suitable  oppor- 
tanilj  sent  them  to  he  eichanged.  It  bas 
been  stated  that  a  jienny-worCh  uf  copper 
or  brass  could  be  eoUTCrted  into  nrarlj 
fifty  tokens.  The  Corporation  prohibited 
the  issue  of  all  tokens  but  those  bear- 
ing tbe  city's  stsmp,  by  the  foUowiag 
order  of  conncil,  dated  1669:  "That  the 
tokens  which  have  lately  been  issued 
in  this  city  be  called  in,  under  a  penalty 
of  hi,  as  many  persona  are  obliged  lo 
give  I3d.  uf  these  tokens  for  13d.  in 
silver ;  and  that  none  be  suffered  lo  re- 
main ont  flicept  those  which  have  the 
dlj's  stamp,  and  whatever  profit  there 
may  be  the  Sword-bearer  lo  take  it.  After 
the  ICth  of  April  the  above  tokens  to  be 
caUed  in."  In  1672  privaU  tokens  were 
soperseded  by  halfpennies  and  farthings 
inaed  by  anthorit;  of  Charles  H.  and 
directed  to  be  carrent  in  all  payments 
under  the  value  of  6t{.  The  late  Mr. 
Sharp  bad  a  private  plate  engraved  of 
most  of  these  tokens.  They  are  still  oc- 
>«   met  with    in  Coventry, 


and  a  considerable  anmber  of  them  ue 
in  my  possession. 

1.  Obverse.  "  John  Smith,  in"— in  the 
centre,  a  shield,  containing  3  cinqnefoils  In 
chevron  between  3  limbecks ;  probably  a 
variation  of  the  Pewterers'  arms.  Reverse. 
"Coventry,  1651,"  — centre,  "  I.  L.  S." 
— The  letter  L.  was  probably  the  initial  of 
his  wife's  Christian  name. 

2.  Obv.  "Natbaniell  Alsopp," — centre, 
a  Lacy  knot.  Rev.  "  of  Coventry,  1656," 
— centre,  "  N.  A." — He  was  a  Captain 
in  the  City  MUitia  b  1659. 

3.  Obv.  "Edward  Lapwonh,"^centre, 
a  bird.  Rev.  "in  Coventry,  1659,"— 
centre,  "  E.  L." —  He  was  a  clothier,  and 
Churchwarden  of  St.  Michael's,  1666; 
Mayor,  1676.     Removed  as  Alderman  by 


Charles  II 
II.  i 


1676.     Remove 

in  1684,but  restored  by  Jan 


Obv.  "  lohn  Laji,  at  the" — centre, 
B  star.  Rev.  "in  Coventry,  1659,"- 
centre,  "  1.  M.  L." 

5.  Obv.  "EdwardCrusse,"— centre,  a 
pack-horse.  Rev.  "  of  Coventry,  1663," 
—centre,  "  E.  M.  C." 

6.  Ohv,  ■'  lohu  Woolrioh,  1663,"  — 
centre,  a  double  heraldic  rose.  Rev.  "Mer- 
cer, in  Coventry,'' — centre,  a  teazel,  and 
"  I.  W."  beneath.  —  He  was  SberilT  in 
165^,  and  Mayor  1660. 

7.  Obv,  "Mercer  and  Grocer,"- 
centre, "C.F."  Rev.  "  in  Coventrej," 
-centre,  "  166S." 

a.  Obv.  "  William  Rowney,  senior," 
— centre,  an  elephant  and  castle.  Rev. 
"In  Coventry,  1665,"— centre,  "his  half- 
penj." 

9.  Obv.  "William  Rowney,  in" — 
centre,  an  elephsnt  and  castle.  Rev. 
"(Coventry,  Mercer."— centre, the  Virgin 
Mary,  crowned  :  tbe  Mercers'  arms — (a 
farlhinK), 

10.  Obv.  ■' SamveU  Allsopp,"— centre, 
a  shield  of  arms,  3  wolves'  heads  erased, 
branch  in  mouth.  Rev,  "  in  Coventrej, 
1666,"— centre,  "  S.  A." 

11.  Obv,  "  Robert  Bedford,  1666,"— 
centre,  a  shield  of  arms,  between  3  leo- 


164 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


pards'  faces,  3  roses  en  a  chevron.  Rey. 
"in  CoTcntrey,"— centre,  "  R.  B.»'  di- 
vided by  3  cinqnefoils  with  stems  inter- 
laced.— He  was  a  clothier,  and  Sheriff  in 
1643;  Mayor,  1650. 

12.  Obv.  "  Robert  Bedford,  in"  — 
centre,  an  anchor,  between  the  initials 
"R.  B."  Rev.  "City  of  Coventry,"— 
centre,  **R.A.  B." 

13.  Obv.  "Waiiam  Snell,  Mercer  "— 
centre,  «*  W.  A.  S."  Rev.  "in  Coventrey, 
1665,** — centre,  the  Virgin  Mary. — He 
was  Churchwarden  of  St  Michael's  in 
1666;  Sheriff,  1675;  Mayor,  1688.  Re- 
moved  as  Alderman  by  Charles  II.  1685, 
and  restored  by  James  II.  1688.  Arms  : 
a  chevron  between  3  snails. 

14.  Obv.  •'  In  Coventry,  1666,"  — 
centre,  "  S.  W."  Rev.  *•  Woollsted, 
Weaver,** — centre,  a  shuttle. 

15.  Obv.  *•  In  Coventry,  1667,"  — 
centre,  "E.  O."  Rev.  "  Feltmaker,*'— 
centre,  a  hat  and  plume. — Edward  Owen 
was  Churchwarden  of  St.  Michael's,  1678; 
Mayor,  1680.  Removed  from  situation 
of  Alderman,  1685. 

16.  Obv.  "John  Brookes,  of  Coventry," 
— centre,  "his  halfpeny."  Rev.  "Sta- 
tioner, 1668,*' — centre,  a  Bible. —  He  left 
a  rent-charge  on  a  house  to  purchase  Bibles 
to  be  given  annually  to  poor  children. 

17.  Obv.  "John  Crichlowe,  Drap' *' 
—centre,  "of  Coventry,  1668.'*  Rev. 
The  same.— He  was  SherifT,  1652  ;  Mayor, 
1658  ;  Captain  in  the  City  Militia,  1658. 

18.  Obv.  "John  Mvrdock,  Baker, 
1668.*'  Rev.  "in  Coventry,  his  half- 
penny." 

19.  Obv.  "Samvell  Tissall,  at*'  — 
centre,  a  thistle.  Rev.  "  in  Coventry, 
1668,"— centre,  "  his  halfpeny."  —  He 
was  Chnrchwarden  of  Trinity  Church  in 
1677. 

20.  Obv.  "  William  A vsten,'*— centre. 
3  tuns. — Probably  part  of  the  Vintners' 
or  Brewers' arms.  Rev.  "  in  Coventrey," 
—centre,  "W.  A.  A." 

21.  Obv.  "  Nathanill  Barnard,*'  — 
centre,  a  globe.  Rev.  "in  Coventrey, 
Mercer,"— centre,  "N.B."  — He  was 
Sheriff  in  1641.  He  was  ordered  to  be 
taken  into  custody,  in  1649,  for  refusing 
to  be  a  Member  of  the  Council  House. 

22.  Obv.  "  John  Carpenter,  of"  — 
centre,  a  crescent  and  seven  stars.  Rev. 
"  Coventry,  his  halfpeny,"  —  centre, 
"  I.  E.  C." — He  was  a  Churchwarden  of 
St.  Michael's,  1666. 

23.  Obv.  "Michaell  Earle,  of*'  — 
centre,  the  Virgin  Mary — a  shield  of  the 
Mercers'  arms.  Rev.  "  Mercer,  Coven - 
trv,*'—  centre,  "  M.  M.  E."  —  He  was 
Mayor  in  1677  :  in  his  year  the  procession 
of  Lady  Godiva  was  first  established. 

24.  Obv.  "In  Coventry,  Mercer,"— 


[Aug. 

the  Svgar 


centre,   "F.C."     Rev.    "at 
Lofe," — centre,  a  sugar-loaf. 

25.  Obv.  "Edward  Fayerbrother,"— 
centre,  a  golden  fleece.  Rev.  "  Clothier, 
in  Coventry,'*— centre,  "  E.  S.  F."—  He 
was  Churchwarden  of  St  Michael's,  1656. 

26.  Obv.  "  Abraham  Lucas," — centre. 
Grocers'  arms,  viz.  a  chevron  between  6 
cloves  in  chief  and  3  in  base.  Rev.  "  in 
Coventry,  Grocer," — centre,  "  A.  E.  L." 

27.  Obv.  "  Samuell  Peisley,  at  the"— 
centre,  the  sun.  Rev.  "  Sonn,  in  Coven- 
trey," — centre,  a  tun. 

28.  Obv.  "  Apothecarie,"  —  centre, 
•'T.  P."  Rev.  "  in  Coventry,'*— centre. 
Apothecary's  arms:  Apollo  in  his  glory 
holding  a  bow  and  arrow,  bestriding  tlie 
serpent  Pvtbon. 

29.  Obv.  "William  Gilbert,"— centre, 
a  wrinkled  boot  between  two  staves.  Rev. 
"Mercer,in  Coventry,"— centre, " W.G.^' 

30.  Obv.  "Bermingham,  Hinkly,"— 
centre,  "  E.  A.  C."  Rev.  "Coventry, 
Warwick," — centre,  "  his  halfpeny." 

31.  Obv.  "  In  Coventry,  Sovtham,"— 
centre,  "  H.  E.  W."  Rev.  "  Rvgby,  Lvt- 
ter worth," — centre,  "  Dyer,  1666." 

Corporation  Tokens. 

1.  Obv.  "A  Coventry  Halfe  Penny, 
1669."'  Rev.  The  city  arms,  viz.  the 
elephant  and  castle,  with  the  cat  o'  moun- 
tain for  crest,  in  a  shield ;  with  "  C.  C." 
on  each  side. 

2.  Obv.  "  The  Citty  of  Coventry,"— 
centre,  the  city  arms.  Rev,  "  theyre 
Halfe  Penny,"  —  centre,  crest,  the  cat 
o'  mountain. — See  the  engraving. 

3.  Obv.  "A  Coventry  Farthing,"  — 
centre,  above  the  initials  "  C.  C."  a  cat 
o'  mountain,  and  beneath  "  1669."  Rev. 
"  the  Armes  of  Coventry,*' — centre,  the 
elephant  and  castle. 

I  have  also  the  eight  following  tokens, 
several  rather  illegible,  issued  by  persons 
in  Warwickshire,  but  as  there  must  be 
beyond  doubt  many  more,  perhaps  a  cor- 
respondent might  be  induced  to  complete 
the  list 

1.  Obv.  "  Thomas  Stratford,"— centre, 
a  bell.  Rev.  "in  Warwick,  1656,"— 
centre,  "  T.  E.  S." 

2.  Obv.  "  Margery  Hanslapp,"—  centre, 
the  Virgin  crowned.  Rev.  "  of  Southam, 
1658,"— centre,  "  M.  H." 

3.  Obv.  "Thomas  Rimill,"  —  centre, 
"  his  halfepenny."  Rev.  "  of  Brayles,"— 
centre  "  T.  M.  R.  1666." 

4.  Obv.  "  Will.  Cockbill,  his  halfpenny, 
1668."  Rev.  "  of  fiarford,  neare  War- 
wjck." 

5.  Obv.  "  Sam.  Wheeler,  in  Warwick," 
— centre,  a  man.  Rev.  "his  halfpenny, 
1688,- '—centre,  "  S.  E.  W." 


1851.] 


Notes  of  the  Month* 


165 


6.  Obv.  "  Samuel  Bacon,  Ironmonger,*'  sugar-loaf.     Rev.  *'  in  Rvgbey," — centre, 
— centre,  arms,  cheyron  between  3  steel  '*  W.  C." 

gads  and  3  pair  of  shackles.     Rev.   *'  in         8.  Obv.  "  Abraham  Harper," — centre, 

Kenton,  in  Warwickshire,*' — centre,  "  his  the  Virgin    Mary.      Rey.    "Mercer,   in 

balfepenny.*'  Rvgby,"— centre,  •*  A.  H." 

7.  Oby.  "William Chebsey,"— centre,  a  Yours,  &c.        W.  Rbadbb. 

Letter  of  thanks  from  Charles  II.  to  the  Corporation  of  Ipswich,  for 

THEIR    KIND    RECEPTION    OF  THE    FrENCH  REFUGEES  UPON   THE  REVOCATION 

OF  THE  Edict  of  Nantes. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  following  copy  of  a 
letter  of  Charles  II.  is  derived  from  an 
old  book  of  extracts  from  the  records  of 
the  corporation  of  Ipswich.  As  a  graceful 
act  of  royal  authority,  relating  to  an  im- 
portant fact,  not  only  in  our  local  history 
but  in  that  also  of  a  great  branch  of  our 
national  manufacture,  you  will  perhaps 
think  it  worthy  of  a  place  in  your  pages. 

Yours,  &c. 

Iben. 

"  Charles  Rex. — Trusty  and  well- 
beloved,  we  greet  you  well.  Your  free 
and  charitable  reception  of  the  poor 
French  linen-weavers  is  so  well  pleasing 
unto  us,  that  we  cannot  but  return  you 
our  thanks  for  the  same  in  a  very  special 
manner,  and  do  further  assure  you  that  as 


we  hope  that  manufacture  may  prove  to 
be  a  great  and  public  advantage  to  that 
your  town  and  the  whole  nation  when 
once  established,  so  we  will  upon  all  occa- 
sions readily  give  such  encouragement  as 
shall  be  thought  fit  and  requisite  for  so 
good  a  work,  no  less  tending  to  the  benefit 
of  our  own  native  subjects  than  to  the 
relief  and  support  of  those  distressed 
foreigners  who  for  conscience*  sake  have 
taken  their  refuge  in  this  our  kingdom ; 
so,  not  doubting  but  you  will  persist  as 
you  have  begun,  we  bid  you  farewell. 
Given  at  our  court  at  Whitehall  the  IStli 
day  of  November,  1681,  in  the  thirty- 
third  year  of  our  reign.  By  his  Majestie's 
command,  L.  Jenkyns." 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Memorial  to  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  upon  the  subject  of  the  Records,  List  of  Signatures- 
Suggestion  from  an  Old  Correspondent— Duke  of  Monmouth's  Note  Book— Caxton's 
Memorial— Suggestion  in  reference  to  it— Sales  of  Pictures— Curious  subject  of  Antiquarian 
Inquiry  lately  prosecuted  in  Denmark— Sale  of  MSS.  of  Mons.  Donnadieu— French  gratis 
visits  to  London— Recent  non-historical  Publications. 


The  Memorial  to  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls  ON  THE  SUBJECT  OF  the  fccs  payable 
at  THE  Record  Offices  was  transmit- 
ted to  Sir  John  Romilly  early  in  the  past 
month.  No  answer  has  yet  been  received. 
It  was  signed  by  the  following  persons  : — 

Mahon. 

Strangford. 

S.  Oxon. 

Braybrooke. 

Londeiborough . 

Talbot  de  Malahide. 

R.  C.  NeviUe. 

Thomas  Babington  Macaulay. 

Robert  Harry  Inglis. 

Fortunatus  Dwarris. 

Henry  Ellis. 

Frederick  Madden. 

Lucy  Aikin. 

William  Harrison  Ainsworth. 

John  Yonge  Akerman. 

John  Ayre. 

Charles  Bailey. 

J.  Brodripp  Bergne. 


Samuel  Birch. 
W.  H.  Blaauw. 
Charles  Boutell. 
John  Britton. 
John  Bruce. 
Thomas  Carlyle. 
F.  A.  Carrington. 
John  Payne  Collier. 
Charles  Purton  Cooper. 
Bolton  Corney. 
Thomas  Corser. 
George  Lillie  Craik. 
Thomas  Crofton  Croker. 
James  Crossley. 
Peter  Cunningham. 
F.  H.  Davis. 
Charles  Dickens. 
Charles  Wentworth  Dilke. 
Hepworth  Dixon. 
John  Doran. 
John  Forster. 
Edward  Foss. 
Augustus  W.  Franks. 
Mary  Anne  Everett  Green. 
J.  Hamilton  Gray. 


166 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Aug. 


Henry  Hallam. 

James  Orchard  Halliwell. 

Philip  Hardwick. 

Edward  Hawkins. 

T.  K.  Hervey. 

James  Heywood. 

John  Holmes. 

6.  A.  Uoskins. 

Douglas  Jerrold. 

Charles  Kuight. 

John  Lee. 

Peter  Levesque. 

Samuel  Roffey  Maitland. 

Henry  Hart  Milman. 

Octavius  A.  S.  Morgan. 

John  Bowyer  Nichols. 

John  Gough  Nichols. 

Edward  Oldfield. 

John  Henry  Parker. 

R.  Parkinson. 

Thomas  Joseph  Petttgrew. 

James  K.  Planch^. 

James  Prior. 

F.  R.  Raines. 

Edward  F.  Rimbault. 

George  Poulett  Scrope. 

Henry  Shaw. 

Evelyn  Philip  Shirley. 

Edward  Smirke. 

Charles  Roach  Smith. 

William  Henry  Smyth. 

James  Spedding. 

Agnes  Strickland. 

S.  R.  Solly. 

William  John  Thoms. 

Charles  Tucker. 

William  S.  W.  Vaux. 

Albert  Way. 

Alfred  White. 

Thomas  Wright. 
An  Old  Correspondent  writing  to 
us  upon  this  subject  suggests,  that  "  if  any 
difficulty  exists  in  reference  to  the  smaU 
accommodation  for  readers  in  some  of  the 
existing  Record  Offices,  it  would  be  a 
great  boon  to  literature  if  inquirers,  until 
the  new  Record  Office  be  completed, 
were  permitted  to  have  gratuitous  in- 
spection of  the  Jnquisitiones  post  Mortem. 
Such  a  partial  permission  would  evidence 
the  good  will  of  the  authorities,  and  would 
enable  them,  by  its  results,  to  judge  of  the 
number  of  persons  who  would  be  likely  to 
take  advantage  of  gratuitous  access.^^  The 
suggestion  is  a  very  good  one.  There  is 
probably  not  room  for  many  readers  in 
the  present  offices,  although  there  would 
be  no  difficulty  in  accommodating  any 
number  of  persons  who  went  with  money 
in  their  hands ;  but  there  is  a  great  fallacy 
in  the  notion  (if  it  exists)  that  free  per- 
mission would  occasion  a  large  number  of 
persons  to  flock  immediately  to  the  Re- 
cord Offices.  How  many  persons  can 
read   records,    understand    them,    apply 


them  ?  How  many  know  even  of  what 
kind  of  documents  the  great  mass  of  the 
records  consists?  There  is  nothing  in 
this  or  any  other  difficulty  that  we  have 
heard  alleged  which  a  little  good  will  and 
proper  management  in  the  keepers,  would 
not  easily  overcome.  Until  the  comple- 
tion of  the  New  Record  Office  any  pos- 
sible difficulty  might  be  obviated  by  addi- 
tional control  over  the  granting  of  permis- 
sions, or,  as  our  Old  Correspondent 
suggests,  by  limiting  the  present  gratuitous 
access  to  such  classes  of  records  as  are 
likely  to  be  the  most  generally  useful. 
We  wait  for  the  reply  of  the  Master  of  the 
Rolls,  in  patient  confidence  that  the  ap- 
plication will  receive  from  him  the  atten- 
tion which  we  are  sure  it  deserves.  Little 
sophistical  difficulties,  generated  (if  they 
exist)  inun¥rilling  minds,  will  never  weigh 
with  him. 

We  learn  from  a  letter  of  Sir  Frederick 
Madden  lately  published  in  Notes  and 
Queries,  that  one  of  the  manuscript 
NOTE  books  found  on  the  person  of  the 
Duke  of  Monmouth,  the  same  which 
was  described  about  twelve  months  ago  in 
Chambers's  Edinburgh  Journal,  has  been 
purchased  for  the  British  Museum  from 
Dr.  Anster.     Sir  Frederick  gives  a  table 
of  contents  of  the  MS.;  from  which  it 
would  seem,  that,  apart  from  its  curiosity 
as  an  historical  relic,  it  is  of  little  worth. 
The  book  is  authenticated  by  a  memoran- 
dum in  the  hand- writing  of  James  II.  and 
was  deposited  by  him  with  other  MSS.  in 
the  English  College  in  Paris.    How  it  got 
from  thence  does  not  exactly  appear.     In 
1827  it  was  purchased  (as  is  said)  by  an 
Irish  student  at  a  book-stall  in  Paris.    He 
gave  it  to  a  priest  in  the  county  of  Kerry, 
on  whose  death  it  came  into  the  possession 
of  Dr.  Anster.    Two  or  three  poems,  some 
recipes,  rules  in  astrology,  charms,  prayers, 
notes  of  distances,  routes,  and  memoranda 
as  to  the  value  of  money — such  are  its 
principal   contents.     This  volume   must 
not  be  confounded  with  the  far  more  im- 
portant book  mentioned  by  Dr.  Welwood, 
from  which  he  printed  various  memoranda 
in  his  Memoirs,  and  respecting  which  he 
said,  ''  A  great  many  dark  passages  there 
are  in   it,    and  some  clear  enough,  that 
shall  be  eternally  buried  for  me.     And 
perhaps  it  had  been  for  king  James's  ho- 
nour to  have  committed  them  to  the  flames, 
as  Julius  Caesar  is  said  to  have  done  upon 
the  like  occasion."  • 

*  An  inquiry  is  pending  in  Notes  and 
Queries  respecting  the  various  editions  of 
Dr.  Welwood's  Memoirs.  We  possess 
the  edition  alluded  to  in  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Ross  as  having  been  printed  by  ''one 
Baker  "  some  time  before  1718.     It  pur- 


1851.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


1§7 


The  Subscribers  to  the  intended  C ax- 
ton  MvicoRiAL,  having  abandoned  the 
proposal  made  by  the  Dean  of  St.  Paul's 
for  a  combination  of  fountain  and  light,  it 
is  now  designed  to  apply  the  money  raised 
to  the  erection  of  an  iron  statue,  provided 
the  amount  can  be  raised  to  a  sum  suffi- 
cient for  that  purpose.  Mr.  Bolton  Cor- 
ney  has  written  to  Notes  and  Queries, 
objecting  to  the  proposed  statue  on  the 
ground  that  we  do  not  possess  any  like- 
ness of  the  celebrated  printer,  those  which 
pass  for  such  being,  first,  a  portrait  of  Bur- 
chiello,  a  Florentine  barber,  and,  secondly, 
a  likeness  of  a  priest.  To  erect  a  statue, 
founded  upon  either  of  these  pretended 
resemblances,  would  be,  as  Mr.  Corney 
justly  thinks,  to  perpetuate  a  fiction.  Mr. 
Corney  further  suggests,  as  a  preferable 
memorial,  the  publication  of  an  edition  of 
Caxton^s  works  ;  the  proems,  notes,  colo- 
phons, &c.  to  the  books  printed  and  edited 
by  him.  Mr.  Beriah  Botfield  objects  to 
this  suggestion  on  the  score  of  expense, 
and  suggests  the  adoption  of  Mr.  Ma- 
clise's  likeness  of  Cazton  in  his  "  truth- 
fol"  picture.  This  is  a  suggestion  in 
which  of  course  Mr.  Corney  cannot  con- 
cur. But  the  discussion  will  do  good. 
If  neither  proposal  can  be  carried  out  we 
shall  probably  have  a  better  suggestion 
than  either.  The  money  in  hand  is  said 
to  be  far  thort  of  the  sum  necessary  to 
erect  a  statue  or  to  print  the  works ;  if  so, 
why  not  repair  Chaucer's  tomb  with  it  ? 
Nothing  would  be  more  agreeable  to  Cax- 
ton  himself.  He  not  only  printed  Chau- 
cer's works,  and  reimprinted  them  merely 
to  get  rid  of  errors,  but,  feeling  that  the 
great  poet  **  ought  eternally  to  be  remem- 
bered "  in  the  place  where  he  lies  buried, 
he  hung  up  an  epitaph  to  his  memory  over 
that  tomb  which  is  now  mouldering  to 
decay : 

Post  obitnm  Caxton  volnit  te  vivere,  cura 

Willelmi,  Chancer  dare  poeta,  tui. 
Nam  tua,  noa    solnm,  compressit  opuscnla 

formis, 
Has  quoque  sed  laudes  jussit  hie  esse  tuas. 

The  epitaph,  touching  evidence  of  Car- 
ton's affection  for  the  poet,  has  disap- 
peared. In  a  few  years  the  tomb  itself  will 
have  submitted  to  inevitable  fate.  What 
better  mode  of  keeping  alive  the  memory 
of  both  Chaucer  and  Caxton,  or  of  doing 
honour  to  the  pious  printer,  than  by 
showing  that  even  after  the  lapse  of  cen- 
turies his  wishes  for  the  preservation  of 


ports  to  have  been  "  Printed  for  a  Society 
of  Stationers,"  and  to  be  "  sold  by  J. 
Baker,  at  the  Black  Boy  in  Pater-Noster 
Row,  1710."  Is  any  thing  known  of 
this  Society,  or  pretended  Society,  of 
Stationers  ? 


Chaucer's  memory  in  that  place  are  not 
forgotten  ?  If  the  fund  is  more  than  suf- 
ficient for  the  purpose,  the  surplus  might 
be  invested  on  trust  to  perform  the  wish 
of  Caxton  by  keeping  Chaucer's  monu- 
ment in  repair  for  ever. 

During  the  last  month  the  pictures  of 
Mr.  Penn,  of  Stoke  Pogeis,  have  been 
sold  by  Messrs.  Christie  and  Manson. 
The  well-known  picture  by  Benj.  West 
of  Perm's  Treaty  with  the  Indiant  was 
sold  for  441/.  A  large  picture  of  children 
of  the  Penn  family ^  by  Sir  Joshua  Rey- 
nolds, was  sold  for  367/.  10«.,  and  a  view 
of  Corfe  Castle  from  the  Sea,  by  /.  M.  W, 
Turner,  for  480/. 

At  Sotheby  and  Wilkinson's  the  por- 
trait of  Thomas  Campbell  the  poet,  painted 
by  Sir  T.  Lawrence  for  the  late  Mr.  Thom- 
son, of  CUtheroe,  has  been  lately  sold  to 
Mr.  Gambart  for  60  guineas,  and  a  bust  of 
the  same  poet,  by  Baily,  also  executed  for 
Mr.  Thomson,  was  sold  to  Mr.  Moxon, 
of  Dover  street,  for  10/.  At  the  same 
sale  a  bust  of  Martin  Folkes,  by  Rou- 
biliac,  realised  20/.  10« ;  and  one  of  Lordf 
Brougham,  by  Baily,  6/.  1 2s.  6d, 

The  following  extract  from  a  letter 
written  by  Herr  J.  J.  A.  Worsaae  to  Mr. 
C.  Roach  Smith,  dated  Copenhagen,  July 
4th,  1851,  points  attention  to  a  novel  and 
curious  subject  of  antiquarian  inquiry  : — 
"At  Stockholm  the  naturalists  Steensbruss, 
Forchhammer,  and  I  are  going  to  explain 
some  very  curious  discoveries  which  we 
together  have  made  here  in  Denmark. 
We  have  joined  in  a  committee  of  archaeo- 
logists and  naturalists  for  the  illustration 
of  the  oldest  primeval  period  in  particular. 
We  have  been  so  fortunate  as  to  find  along 
the  line  of  our  bays  and  rivers  a  con- 
siderable number  of  places  where  the 

ABORIGINES   HAVE   EATEN  THEIR  FOOD. 

We  have  found  enormous  heaps  of  shells 
of  the  oyster  and  Cardium  edule,  Litorina 
litorea,  Mylihis  edulis,  &c.  mixed  with 
fragments  of  pottery,  charcoal,  bones  of 
birds  and  other  animals,  such  as  deer, 
auroxes,  harts,  wild  swine,  &c.  all  of 
which  have  been  broken  for  extracting 
the  interior  parts,  arrow-heads  of  bone 
and  fiint,  hatchets  of  flint  and  stagshom, 
pins,  and  other  small  implements  in  bone. 
We  have  found  these  traces  in  widely 
separated  parts  of  the  country,  and  always 
near  the  sea  coast.  Hitherto  no  metal 
has  been  discovered  in  any  of  these  eating- 
places.  In  England  I  am  sure  you  would 
find  similar  remains,''  &c. 

Messrs.  Puttick  and  Simpson  are  about 
to  sell  a  valuable  collection  of  auto- 
graph LETTERS  and  MSS.  formed  by 
M.  Alcide  Donnadieu.  It  comprises 
English  royal  autographs  collected  by  Mr. 
Upcott,  ranging  from  Henry  V.  to  Her 


168 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Aug. 


present  Majesty,  and  a  similar  collection 
of  French  royal  autographs  from  Charles 
VII.  to  recent  times.  To  these  are  added 
autographs  of  many  highly  distinguished 
men,  including  Bacon,  Boileau,  Mazarin, 
Newton,  Kepler,  De  Thou,  Tasso,  Vol- 
taire, Rubens,  Rembrandt,  Raffaelle,  Sir 
Francis  Drake,  Essex,  Monmouth  (to 
Laurence  Hyde,  Earl  of  Rochester,  begging 
his  interference  to  save  his  life),  Raleigh, 
Vane,  and  many  others.  ''  Put  money  in 
thy  purse,"  is  our  advice  to  every  collector, 
and  wend  thy  way  to  Puttick  and  Simp- 
son's. 

A  correspondent  informs  us  that  amongst 
the  many  ways  which  have  been  had  re- 
course to  in  order  to  facilitate  the  access 
to  London  of  that  vast  crowd  of  French 
visitors  by  whom  the  Exhibition  and 
the  metropolis  have  lately  been  honoured, 
Paris  is  placarded  with  bills  announcing 
that  persons  undertaking  to  subscribe  for 
one  year  to  Mons.  de  Lamartine's  news- 
paper, called  Le  Pay 8,  are  treated  with  a 
VISIT  TO  London  gratis.  The  journey 
is  performed,  we  believe,  from  Paris  to  the 
coast  in  waggons,  and  thence,  we  suppose, 
by  steam-boat  to  London.  ^'  Voyage  a 
Londret  sans  rien  payer;  abonnez  vous 
au  PaySt  par  A,  de  Lamartine ."  such  is 
the  offer  of  the  placard.  According  to  our 
notions  it  is  a  little  infra  dig.  to  solicit 
readers  for  a  great  poet,  historian,  and 
statesman,  by  methods  so  indirect,  but  such 
things  are  viewed  differently  by  our  con- 
tinental neighbours.  One  would  like  to 
have  a  minute  account  of  a  journey  per- 
formed under  such  circumstances. 

Amongst  non-historical  books  recently 
published  which  solicit  our  notice  are  the 
following : — 

17ie  New  Testament  expounded  and 
illustrated  according  to  the  usual  mar- 
ginal rtferences  in  the  very  words  of  Holy 
Scripture,  By  Clement  Moody,  M,A. 
Part  11.  4/0.  Longmans.  1851. — This  con- 
cludes an  edition  of  the  New  Testament, 
in  which  the  passages  alluded  to  in  the  or- 
dinary marginal  references  are  printed  in 
full  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  as  foot-notes. 
Every  one  who  knows  the  importance  of 
the  marginal  references,  and  the  desirable- 
ness of  facilitating  in  every  possible  way 
the  study  of  the  sacred  Scriptures,  will 
rejoice  at  such  an  addition  to  our  Biblical 
Literature. 

The  Doctrine  of  the  Trinity  t  a  Doctrine 
not  of  Divine  origin:  and  the  Duty  of 
Christian  men  in  relation  thereto.  By 
George  Stuart  Hawthorne,  M.D.  %vo. 
Lond.  1851. — A  sad,  sad  book,  respect- 
ing which  the  best  thing  we  can  wish  Dr. 
Hawthorne  is  that  he  may  live  to  be 
ashamed  of  it.     * 

Poems,  Essays,  and  Opinions  ;  being  a 
8 


selection  from  writings  in  the  **  Mirror  qf 
the  Time**  from  August  1th,  1850,  to  the 
end  of  February,  1851.  By  Alfred  Bate 
Richards,  Esq.  Barrister  at  Law.  2  vols, 
sm.  8»o.  Aylott  and  Jones,  1851. — Dash- 
ing, impudent  newspaper  articles;  very 
honest,  we  doubt  not,  but  altogether  devoid 
of  discretion  or  wisdom. 

The  Botanical  Looker-Out  among  the 
Wild  Flowers  qf  England  and  Wales,  at 
all  seasons  and  in  the  most  interesting 
localities.  By  Edwin  Lees,  Esq.  F.L.S. 
2nd  edition,  revised.  %vo.  Hamilton. 
1851. — This  is  a  new  edition  of  a  book 
the  first  edition  of  which  greatly  delighted 
us.  We  took  it  as  our  guide  in  the  dis- 
covery of  those  wild  flowers  which  make 
our  lanes  and  commons,  our  hedge-rows 
and  banks,  so  beautiful.  Month  by  month 
we  tested  its  information,  and  found  it  in 
a  very  high  degree  accurate  and  useful. 
The  author  is  a  complete  master  of  his 
subject,  and  communicates  his  knowledge 
in  a  genial,  pleasant,  and  most  •  attractive 
way.  The  present  edition  is  much  en- 
larged, and  every  way  improved.  We  re- 
commend the  book  heartily,  and  not  from 
merely  reading  it,  but  from  thorough 
knowledge  of  its  contents,  and  experience 
of  its  general  accuracy. 

The  Oxford  University  Commission. 
A  Letter  addressed  to  Sir  Robert  Harry 
Inglis,  Bart.  M.P.  being  a  short  inquiry 
into  the  nature  qfthe  protection  afforded 
by  Legislative  Incorporation  in  relation  to 
the  University  and  Colleges  of  Oxford. 
By  J.  W.  Py croft,  Esq.  F.S.A.  Svo. 
Lond.  1851. — ^The  writer  is  of  opinion 
that  the  University  Commissions  are 
"  equally  unconstitutional  in  character  as 
profligate  in  principle.'' 

A  Plea  for  the  Rights  and  Liberties 
qf  Women  imprisoned  for  life  under  the 
power  of  Priests,  in  answer  to  Bishop 
Ullathome.  By  Henry  Drummond.  Svo. 
Bosworth.  1851. — Mr.  Drummond  pur- 
sues his  attack  upon  nunneries  with 
vigour,  stating  facts  which  deserve  univer- 
sal consideration.  Amongst  other  things 
he  prints  translations  of  various  curious 
extracts  from  a  journal  of  a  protector  of 
convents,  which  has  come  into  his  posses- 
sion rather  oddly.  He  should  publish  the 
original,  with  a  translation,  as  a  separate 
book,  without  comment.  He  gives  the 
following  extract  from  the  writings  of 
Liguori,  which  we  print  on  account  of  its 
curious  similarity  to  the  doctrine  of  the 
old  Treatise  of  Equivocation  noticed  in 
another  part  of  our  present  Magazine. 
*'  Amphibology,  or  speaking  in  a  double 
sense,  may  be  used  in  three  ways : — 1. 
When  a  word  has  a  double  meaning ;  as 
in  Latin  volo  signifies  to  will  and  also  to 
fly.    2.  When  a  sentence  has  a  doable 


1851.] 


Notei  of  the  Month. 


169 


meaoing ;  as,  for  example,  '  this  book  is 
Peter's,*  may  mean  that  Peter  wrote  the 
book,  or  that  it  belongs  to  Peter.  3. 
When  the  words  have  a  double  sense,  one 
literal  and  the  other  spiritual.  Thus  if 
any  one  is  asked  about  a  thing  which  he 
wants  to  conceal,  he  may  answer,  '  I  say 
no,'  meaning  *  I  say  the  word  no.'  Car- 
denas doubts  of  this,  but,  with  due  respect 
for  better  judgment,  it  seems  to  me  with- 
out reason,  for  the  word  '  I  say,'  really 
hat  a  double  sense,  and  means  both  to  pro- 
nounce and  also  to  assert:  but  in  our 
tense  '  /  say '  is  the  same  as  '  1  pro- 
nounce,** To  strengthen  the  equivocation 
with  an  oath  is  not  wrong  when  there  is 
sufficient  reason  for  it,  and  when  the  equi- 
vocation itself  is  lawful ;  because  where  it 
it  right  to  conceal  the  truth,  and  it  is 
concealed  without  a  lie,  no  irreverence  is 
done  to  the  oath.  And  even  if  the  equi- 
vocation were  without  just  cause,  still 
there  would  be  no  perjury,  since  at  least 
according  to  one  sense  of  the  word,  or  ac- 
cording to  the  mental  reservation,  he  will 
twear  truly."  Mr.  Drummond  prints  the 
original  Latin  of  this  passage. 

Can  a  Clergyman  create  an  equitable 
Charge  on  his  Living  under  the  Stat.  1  Sf 
2  Vict.  cap.  110/  By  John  Darling, 
M.A.  890.  Stephens.  1851 . — The  point 
it  in  dispute,  but  the  writer  thinks  a  cler- 
gyman cannot.  We  are  glad  to  learn  it, 
and  quite  agree  with  him  that  "  it  is  con- 
trary to  public  policy  to  allow  an  income 
which  is  received  for  the  performance  of  a 
public  duty  to  be  perverted  to  other  ends 
than  those  for  which  it  was  intended." 

Medical  Combinations  against  Life  In- 
surance Companies.  Svo.  Lond.  1851. — 
Many  medical  men  refuse  to  answer  ques- 
tions as  referees  of  patients  effecting  in- 
surances upon  lives  without  payment  of  a 
fee  of  one  guinea.  The  present  writer  argues 
the  case  on  behalf  of  those  of  the  insurance 
companies  who  scruple  as  to  paying  the 
required  fee.  Considering  that  the  class 
of  medical  practitioners  who  are  ordinarily 
referred  to  is  that  of  general  practitioners, 
the  fee  is  probably  too  much.  Half  a 
guinea,  or  in  some  cases  even  five  shillings, 
would  be  enough  ;  but  we  certainly  think 
it  a  case  for  a  fee,  provided  the  medical 
man  is  asked  to  give  his  judgment  as  to 
whether  the  life  is  objectionable  or  not. 
Neither  companies  nor  other  people  have 
a  right  to  guide  themselves  in  the  conduct 
of  their  business  by  the  judgment  of  any 
class  of  professional  men  without  paying 
the  usual  fee  for  obtaining  what  they  want. 
The  question  is  of  public  moment,  as  in- 


*  We  have  altered  a  few  words  of  Mr. 
Drummond't  translation. 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


terfering  with  the   extension  of  life   in- 
surance. 

Letters  to  John  Bull,  Esq.  on  Affairs 
connected  with  his  Landed  Property ,  and 
the  Persons  who  live  thereon.  By  Sir 
Edward  Bulwer  Lytton,  Bart.  Svo,  Chap- 
man,  1851. 

Letters  to  Mr,  John  Bull  on  Subjects 
connected  with  Agriculture  and  Free 
Trade,  with  Remarks  upon  Sir  E.  But* 
wer  Ly lion's  Letters  to  John  Bullf  Esq, 
ByS.  F.  S.  8vo.  Saunders.  1851.— Free 
trade  has  scarcely  yet  become  **  historical.** 
Until  it  has  we  must  be  excused  for  de- 
clining to  interfere  with  it. 

Shall  we  keep  the  Crystal  Palace,  and 
have  riding  and  walking  in  all  weathers 
among  Flowers,  Fountains,  and  Sculpture? 
By  Denarius.  Svo.  Murray,  1851. — ^The 
proposal  of  Denarius  is  that  the  present 
Exhibition  should  close  at  an  appointed 
day.  **  The  closing  should  be  like  a  doom, 
whatever  be  the  popularity  or  demand  for 
an  extension  of  time."  But  the  building 
should  be  retained,  "  made  a  garden,  and 
warmed  with  a  summer  temperature  all 
the  winter."  We  are  not  very  favourable 
to  this  proposal,  which  certainly  would 
not  afford,  as  the  writer  supposes,  "  a 
solace  to  the  old  and  the  sick,"  but  it 
seems  a  pity  to  take  down  a  handsome 
building  applicable  to  many  useful  pur- 
poses, provided  the  public  feeling  which 
demanded  a  pledge  for  its  removal  it  now 
satisfied  that  it  should  remain. 

Chorea  Sancte  Viti;  or  steps  in  the 
journey  of  Prince  Legion.  Twelve  de- 
sigjis,  by  William  Bell  Scott,  sm.  Jot, 
Bell,  1851. — Spirited  outlines  illustrative 
of  the  Life  of  a  Mammon- worshipper. 
Forcible  and  expressive,  they  tell  a  tad 
history  with  a  vigorous  reality.  But  it  the 
series  complete  ?  The  body  is  committed 
to  the  dust :  is  the  return  of  the  spirit  to 
Him  who  gave  it — the  gr^t  moral  of  the 
history — beyond  the  artist's  power? 

Two  sad  deaths  on  one  Sabbath;  or, 
God's  Judgments  on  two  very  common 
sins;  and, 

Conviction  not  necessarily  conversion. 
Sermons  preached  at  Amesbury  by  the 
Rev.  F.  W,  Fowle,  prebendary  qf  Salis- 
bury. Svo.  Salisbury,  1851. — Worthy  of 
notice  on  account  of  their  extreme  sim- 
plicity of  diction,  and  consequent  perfect 
adaptation  to  the  understanding  of  a 
count^y  congregation. 

7%e  Morning  Stars ;  a  treatise  («i  per- 
manence) as  suggested  by  the  Grand  Es- 
hibition  of  the  Works  of  Industry  of  All 
Nations.  By  the  Rev.  W.  Pashley,  12ma. 
Hatchard.  1851. — With  some  oddities, 
as  might  be  expected  from  the  title-page, 
this  is  the  bcvst  attempt  which  hat  ema- 
nated from  the  theological  profession  to 

Z 


170 


Miscellaneoua  Reviews* 


[A«g. 


torn  the  Great  Exhibition  to  a  moral  use. 
Many  odd  thoughts  and  curious  facts  have 
been  brought  together  by  the  author.  He 
hfil  evidently  written  in  haste,  and  pub- 


lished in  haste.  If  his  work  riiould  come 
to  a  second  edition,  we  should  think  ^ 
might,  upon  revision,  put  it  into  a  form 
more  worthy  of  permanence. 


MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


J^utokiography  of  the  Rev,  William 
Walford,  Edited,  with  a  continuation^ 
by  John  Stoughton.  8po.  Lond.  1851. 
-»Mr.  Walford  was  born  in  Bath  in  Jan. 
1773.  His  early  life  was  passed  first  at 
^ilantwich,  and  afterwards  at  Birmingham. 
At  the  latter  place,  when  twelve  years  of 
age,  he  was  apprenticed  to  an  engraver. 
During  the  period  of  his  apprenticeship 
b|a  mind  was  opened  gradually  to  the  se- 
rious reception  of  religious  truth,  and  at 
ita  dose  be  determined  to  devote  himself 
to  the  ministry.     He  had  been  brought  up 

tthe  communion  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
id,  but,  from  an  early  period  of  his  life, 
entertained  objections  to  **  some  parts  of 
the  liturgy.''  After  conference  with  his 
clergyman,  the  difficulty  of  subscription 
appeared  insurmountable.  "  If  the  neces- 
fary  declaration  had  admitted,"  he  says, 
*'  any  licence  of  interpretation  in  a  few 
inatances,  I  should  joyfully  have  made  it, 
ff  no  one  could  be  affected  with  greater 
love  and  reverence  for  the  much  greater 
|Mrt  of  the  book  than  I  felC;  and  it  was 
with  no  ordinary  pang  of  sorrow  and  grief 
I  ^as  constraioed  to  follow  the  course  I 
adopted  ;'* — that,  namely,  of  uniting  him- 
self with  the  Independents.  These  cir- 
cnmatances  are  probably  not  at  all  uncom- 
j^n.  We  think  he  came  to  a  wrong 
conclusion ;  that  his  decision,  although 
conscientious,  was  the  mere  rash  judgment 
of  an  untutored  boy ;  and  that  he  would 
have  been  a  more  efficient  servant  of  the 
Bfdeeaaer  if  he  had  remained  in  the 
chnrch;  but  his  case  brings  before  us 
some  of  the  consequences  or  preliminary 
subscription  in  a  way  which  should  induce 
1^  to  give  the  whole  subject  a  very  careful 
re-consideration.  Under  other  circum- 
stances we  make  no  doubt  Mr.  Walford 
would  have  remained  firmly  attached  to 
the  church  to  the  close  of  his  life.  Even 
whilst  fixed  amongst  the  Independents, 
he  was  friendly  to  the  introduction  into 
their  public  religious  services  of  some 
short,  simple,  and  pathetic  forms,  but  of 
pourse  without  relmquishing  the  use  of 
eitemporaneous  prayer. 

The  young  Walford  received  his  educa- 
tion for  the  Independent  ministry  at  Ho- 
merton  college,  where  the  course  of  in- 
struction partook  of  the  general  character 
ot  tbe  times,  and  was  singularly  imperfect. 


His  energy  enabled  him  to  acquire  privatelr 
a  good  deal  of  classical  and  theologicm 
knowledge,  but  he  left  the  college  after  all 
very  imperfectly  furnished  for  the  work 
which  he  was  about  to  undertake.  That 
imperfection  threw  a  colonr  over  his  whole 
after  life,  which  is  sufficiently  apparent 
even  in  the  tone  of  this  autobiography. 

His  first  ministerial  engagement  was  as 
the  pastor  of  a  small  congregation  at  Stow- 
market,  the  same  which  had  been  presided 
over  by  Godwin,  the  author  of  **  Political 
Justice."  After  two  years  he  removed  to 
a  much  larger  chapel  at  Yarmouth,  in 
Norfolk,  and  was  enabled  by  an  increased 
income  to  conclude  a  marriage  which  was 
for  many  years  the  source  of  his  greatest 
earthly  comfort.  The  only  surviving  issue 
of  this  marriage  is  the  present  very  intelli- 
gent and  respectable  publisher  in  St.  Paul^ 
Church -yard. 

From  Yarmouth  Mr.  Walford  returned 
to  Homerton  as  resident  and  classical  tu- 
tor, an  office  which  he  held  for  sixteen 
years.  Driven  from  thence  by  illness,  he 
resided  for  a  time  at  Hackney,  and  after- 
wards at  Uxbridge,  where  he  ministered 
to  a  congregation  for  many  years.  He 
died  on  the  22nd  June,  1850,  and  was 
buried  in  the  same  grave  with  his  wife,  in 
Hillingdon  churchyard. 

His  character,  as  delineated  with  affec- 
tionate respect  in  the  volume  before  us,  is 
tiiat  of  a  clear-headed,  energetic,  worthy 
man,  with  some  appearance  of  coldness 
and  reserve,  but  with  deep-seated  affiec- 
tions  and  strong  conscientious  feelings. 
But  that  which  renders  this  volume  the 
most  valuable  is  the  minuteness  of  its  de- 
tails respecting  certain  mental  illnesses 
with  which  Mr.  Walford  was  afflicted  at 
several  periods  of  his  life.  These  threw 
dark  feelings  of  despondency  and  gloom 
over  many  years  of  his  existence,  and 
brought  it  at  last  to  a  melancholy  close. 
Such  cases  are  unfortunately  for  from  un- 
common, but  it  is  unusual  for  the  poor 
sufferers  to  register,  on  recovery,  as  in  the 
book  before  us,  the  mental  agonies  through 
which  they  have  struggled.  Such  a  pecu- 
liarity gives  great  value  to  the  present  vo- 
lume, and  it  is  highly  important  to  find 
that  a  pott  mortem  examination  of  the 
brain  clearly  proved  that  Mr.  Walford's 
sufferings  had  arisen  from  a  phfsicul 


IML] 


MiieeBaneaus  Reviewi. 


171 


trnpanart  into  the  nature  of  those  nenrovt 
dnorden  which  ocettion  so  macfa  misery 
tbroofhoQt  the  world  will  thnnk  us  for 
direethig  their  attention  to  this  portion 
of  the  hook  before  ns.  Few  men  ever 
ioifered  more  acutely  from  such  a  cause 
than  Mr.  Walford,  and  few  ever  struggled 
more  maofoily  against  an  overmastering 
nelandioly.  Some  of  the  details  are  given 
with  valuable  precision,  and  the  practical 
eondnston  that  such  cases  are  traceable  to 
a  physical  cause  is  clearly  established. 

A  Deteripiive  and  Critical  Catalogue 
qf  Works  illuttrated  by  Thomas  and  John 
Bewick,  Wood  Engravere^  of  Newcastle- 
upot^Tifnc ;  with  an  Appendix  of  their 
miscellaneous  engravings,  brief  notieei  of 
their  lives,  and  notices  of  the  pupils  of 
Thomas  Bewick.  {John  Gray  Bell,) 
Imp.  Bvo, — Notwithstanding  the  advances 
made  in  the  beauty  and  delicacy  of  wood- 
engraTing  since  the  «ra  of  Thomas  Be- 
wick, and  the  vast  range  of  its  present 
applicability,  his  works  will  never  be 
without  their  admirers.  They  form  a 
pccnliar  school ;  and  are,  and  will  con- 
tinoe  to  be,  objects  of  interesting  re- 
■earch  to  collectors,  to  whom  the  pre- 
sent catalogue  raisonn^  will  be  not 
merely  serviceable  but  indispensable. 
Bewick's  style  of  engraving  is  totally 
different  from  that  now  in  use,  in  its  ge- 
neral deficiency  of  a  defined  outline.  (See 
the  review  of  Jackson's  History  of  Wood- 
Engraving  in  our  Magazine  for  August, 
1849.)  Tbe  effect  of  this  is  to  our  taste 
anything  but  agreeable.  Yet,  in  some 
fnbjects,  such  as  the  plumage  of  birds, 
this  style  of  work  is  rather  an  advantage 
than  otherwise,  and  it  is  on  his  Birds  that 
Bewick's  fame  as  an  artist  must  chiefly 
rest,  in  the  opinion  of  impartial  judges. 
Bot  he  possessed  also  this  further  merit, 
that  in  all  his  transcripts  of  natural  ob- 
jects there  was  the  utmost  truth  and  fide- 
lity ;  added  to  which,  he  had  a  keen  sense 
of  humour  and  as  a  pictorial  moralist  par- 
took of  the  Hogarthian  vein.  Tbe  com- 
piler of  the  present  work  has  collected 
many  testimonia  of  high  authority  to 
Bewick's  peculiar  merits;  not  the  least 
honourable  of  which  is  that  of  the  late 
distinguished  ornithologist  Audubon,  a 
kindred  spirit  in  his  enthusiasm  for  the 
works  of  nature  and  bis  laborious  pro- 
secution of  imitative  art.  In  connection 
with  the  literature  of  Newcastle  and  the 
North  of  England,  in  tbe  illustration  of 
which  Bewick  was  widely  employed — as 
he  was  occasionally  by  London  publish- 
er*—his  name  presents  another  focus  of 
interest :  and  for  the  large  amount  of  bib- 
liographical information  collected  round 
tiiat  sttfajeeC  in  the  present  pages    Mr. 


John  Gray  Bell  has  earned  the  sineere 
thanks  of  the  literary  world.  The  volame 
is  introduced  by  a  biographical  memoir  of 
Bewick,  and  a  catalogue  of  his  portraits, 
three  of  which  are  republished;  npoft 
which  we  may  remark  that  tbe  woodeat 
by  Jackson,  said  to  have  been  drawn  by 
him  upon  the  wood  when  Bewick's  pupil, 
is  obviously  a  copy  from  the  picture  by 
James  Ramsay.  Bewick's  earliest  por- 
trait, first  published  in  1798,  was  inserted 
in  our  Magazine  for  Jan.  1829,  as  an  ae- 
companiment  to  the  memoir  given  upoa 
his  death,  and  which  was  furnished  by  bH 
fellow  townsman  the  late  eminent  London 
printer,  Mr.  William  Bulmer. 

A  Treatise  of  Equivocation :  wherein  ie 
largely  discussed  the  question,  Whether  « 
Catholicke  or  any  other  person  before  m 
magistrate,  being  demaunded  uppon  hit 
oath  whether  a  Prciste  were  in  such  a 
place,  may  (notwithstanding  his  perfect 
knowledge  to  the  contrary)  without  perinry 
and  securely  in  conscience answere,**  No^** 
with  this  secreat  meaning  reserued  in  hie 
mynde,  That  he  was  not  there  so  that  any 
man  is  bounde  to  detect  it.  Edited  by 
David  Jardine,  esq.  Lond,  Svo,  1851. — 
This  little  volame  is  a  kind  of  Appendix 
to  the  editor's  valuable  history  of  the  Gnn- 
powder  Treason  contained  in  his  collection 
of  Criminal  Trials.  (Lib.  Entert.  knowl. 
2  vols.  12mo.  1835).  We  learn  from  the 
editor's  preface  that  on  the  5th  December, 
1605,  in  the  course  of  a  search  con* 
sequent  upon  the  discovery  of  the  Gun- 
powder Treason,  Sir  Edward  Coke,  ac- 
cording to  his  own  words,  found  in  a  deak 
"  in  a  chamber  in  the  Inner  Temple,  where** 
in  Sir  Thomas  Tresbam  used  to  lye,  and 
which  he  obteyned  for  his  two  younger 
sonnes,"  the  identical  MS.  volume  which 
is  here  printed.  The  place  of  its  finding 
gave  it  a  probable  connection  with  Franeia 
Tresbam,  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Thomas, 
one  of  the  actual  Gunpowder  conspiratorty 
and  tbe  character  of  its  contents  seemed 
to  establish  that  a  singular  degree  oi 
moral  perversion  upon  the  subject  of  testi- 
mony was  then  prevalent  in  tbe  body  of 
the  English  Roman  Catholics.  Coke  at 
once  saw  its  legal  and  historical  value, 
and  identified  the  book  by  inscribing  npoti 
it  a  memorandum  of  the  time  and  place  of 
its  finding,  which  memorandum  still  ex« 
ists,  in  the  handwriting  of  the  oracle  of 
the  law,  on  tbe  first  fly-leaf  of  the  present 
MS.  The  present  MS.* is  a  quarto.  Far- 
ther search  brought  to  light  in  the  same 
chamber  another  MS.  of  the  same  treatise 
in  folio,  and  evidence  was  subsequently 
obtained  that  the  quarto  MS.  was  copied 
about  four  or  five  years  before,  from  the 
foUo  MS.   by  a  servant  of  Sir  Thomaa 


172 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Aug. 


Tresbam,  and  on  the  request  of  Francis 
Tresham  the  conspirator. 

But  Francis  Tresham  was  not  the  only 
person  acquainted  with  the  conspiracy 
through  whose  bands  this  MS.  had  passed. 
¥ather  Garnet  had  seen  it,  and  had  made 
Tcry  considerable  alterations  in  it,  evidently 
with  a  view  to  printing.  Among  other  altera- 
tions he  had  erased  from  the  title-page  the 
▼■vris  "  of  Equivocation/'  and  made  it 
vtra  thus,  "A  Treatise  against  Lying  and 
Fraudulent  Dissimulation,''  Blackwell, 
who  then  governed  the  English  Roman 
Catholics  with  the  title  of  Arch -priest 
and  Apostolical  Prothonotary,had  also  seen 
the  book,  and  had  fortified  it  with  his 
written  approval,  and  a  recommendation 
mat  it  should  be  printed.  Blackwell  de- 
clared that  the  treatise  was  extremely 
learned,  and  very  pious,  and  Catholic; 
that  it  established  the  propriety  of  equivo- 
cation upon  the  authority  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures,  and  the  Fathers,  and  Canon- 
ists, and  deserved  to  be  printed  for  the 
consolation  of  afflicted  Catholics,  and  the 
instruction  of  the  pious. 

The  quarto  MS.  used  for  the  present 
publication  has  Garnet's  alterations  in  it, 
in  bis  own  handwriting.  The  imprimatur 
of  Blackwell  attached  to  this  MS.  is  a 
transcript  in  the  handwriting  of  the  person 
who  copied  the  rest  of  the  quarto  MS. 
from  the  MS.  in  folio. 

The  identity  of  the  MS.  is  thus  clearly 
established,  and  it  Js  shewn  farther  by  the 
editor  that  it  was  lent  out  of  the  State  Pa- 
per Office  to  Archbishop  Abbott,  by  whose 
brother.  Dr.  Robert  Abbott,  subsequently 
Bishop  of  Salisbury,  it  was  used  in  the 
composition  of  his  Antiiogia,  Having 
been  omitted  to  be  returned  by  Abbott  to 
the  State  Paper  Office,  it  remained  at 
Lambeth  when  Laud  succeeded  to  the 
Archbishopric,  and  was  given  by  him,  with 
many  other  books,  to  the  Bodleian.  There 
it  has  remained  buried  for  two  centuries, 
until  brought  to  light  by  an  inquiry  in 
our  very  useful  contemporary  Notes  and 
Queries. 

Coke  used  the  book  on  the  trials  of  the 
principal  conspirators,  and  also  on  that  of 
Garnet,  and  an  extract  from  his  speech 
will  well  explain  its  character.  **  For  dis- 
simulation there  is  a  Treatise  of  Equivo- 
cation, seen  and  allowed  by  Garnet,  and 
by  Blackwell  the  arch-priest ;  wherein  it 
ii  maintained,  under  the  pretext  of  a  mixt 
proposition  (that  is,  compounded  of  a  natu- 
ral and  vocal  proposition)  that  it  is  lawful 
and  justifiable  to  express  one  part  of  a 
man's  mind  and  retain  another.  By  this 
doctrine  people  are  indeed  taught  not  only 
simple  lying,  but  fearful  and  damnable 
blasphemy.  Garnet  and  the  Jesuits  also 
maintain  that  it  is  lawful  to  equivocate 


when  examined  by  a  judge  who  hath  not 
lawful  authority  to  examine.  But  if  an- 
swers are  not  to  be  made  in  animum  inier- 
rogantitf  God  help  us  I  for  then  shall  mil 
conversation,  all  trading,  all  trials  by  juries, 
be  useless  and  mischievous.  If  this  had 
been  lawful,  neither  our  martyrs,  Cran- 
mer,  Ridley,  and  Latimer — no,  nor  the 
first  popes,  needed  to  have  suffered  mar- 
tyrdom for  Christianity." 

Of  the  several  kinds  of  equivocation 
justified  in  this  book,  which,  be  it  re- 
membered, is  declared  by  Blackwell  to 
be  very  pious  and  Catholic,  the  follow- 
ing will  suffice  as  examples.  If  a  man 
be  asked  whether  John  at  Style  be  in 
such  a  place,  he,  knowing  that  he  is 
there,  may  reply,  *'  I  know  not,"  under- 
standing within  himself  "  not  to  tell  you.** 
A  man  comes  to  Coventry  at  a  time  when 
the  plague  is  thought  to  be  in  London. 
He  is  stopped  at  the  gate,  and  asked  upon 
oath  if  he  came  from  London.  He,  know- 
ing that  the  air  is  not  infectious  in  Lon- 
don, or  that  he  only  rode  through  some 
uninfected  part  of  London,  may  safely  swear 
that  he  came  not  from  London.  If  a  person 
examined  on  oath  is  asked,  *^  Was  a  cer- 
tain particular  priest  at  your  father's 
house  ?  "  he  should  not  answer  **  Yes,"  al- 
though he  knows  that  to  be  the  truth  ;  be- 
cause he  thereby  commits  injustice  by  aid- 
ing an  unjust  law.  If  he  answers  '*  No," 
without  equivocation,  '<  it  is  but  an  officious 
lie,  which  is  but  a  small  venial  sin  ;  "  but 
if  he  equivocates,  and  answers  "  No,*' 
with  the  mental  reservation  *'  not  that  I 
should  tell  you,"  he  escapes  all  sin — the 
lie  being  avoided.  This  is  what  Garnet 
characteristically  termed  "  A  Treatise 
against  Lying ;  ^'  **  Lying  made  Easy  " 
will  probably  be  thought  a  more  appro- 
priate designation. 

The  authorship  of  this  precious  treatise 
is  shrouded  in  that  night  of  concealment  in 
which  such  works  delight.  Garnet,  South- ' 
well,  Francis  Tresham,  and  Blackwell, 
have  all  been  suspected,  but  not  appa- 
rently upon  any  good  ground. 

We  unite  with  the  editor  in  the  assertion 
that  "  it  is  improbable  that  a  doctrine  lo 
absurd  as  well  as  mischievous  is  enter- 
tained by  any  enlightened  members  of  the 
Church  of  Biome,**  although  an  averment 
imputed  to  a  high  functionary  of  that 
church  in  reference  to  a  recent  testa- 
mentary disposition  of  property  near  Lon- 
don savours  strongly  of  the  same  immoral 
refinement  of  distinction.*    Whether  that 


*  It  was  alleged  (in  substance)  that  the 
gentleman  referred  to  had  been  persuaded 
to  leave  his  property  away  from  his  familyt 
and  had  made  a  death-bed  disposition  of 
his  estate  for  Roman  Catholic  parpotes. 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


173 


be  the  case  or  not,  the  Treatise  now  pub- 
lished is  a  valaable  historical  docament. 
It  explains  folly  what  were  those  opinions  of 
Garnet,  to  which  Dr.  Lingard  ascribes  his 
execution,  and  establishes  a  very  impor- 
tant feature  of  the  position  in  which  the 
government  was  then  placed  towards  its 
Roman  Catholic  subjects.  The  highest 
authority  of  that  church  then  in  England 
put  ^his  stamp,  be  it  remembered,  upon 
these  opinions  as  **  very  pious  and  Catholic.'* 
The  editor  has  performed  his  task  most 
satisfactorily.  His  preface  is  full,  clear, 
and  able.  The  only  addition  which  we 
should  have  felt  inclined  to  make  to  his 
labour  would  have  been  to  verify  the  re- 
ferences in  the  original  treatise.  He 
should  do  this  in  his  next  edition,  and 
should  discard  his  contract-types,  or  em  - 
ploy  those  only  which  are  in  common  use. 
Some  of  those  he  has  used  are  mere  arbi- 
trary marks,  which,  as  placed  by  him,  have 
no  meaning  whatever. 

A  HUtofy  qf  the  Articles  of  Religion  ; 
to  which  i»  added  A  Series  of  Documents 
JromA.D,  1536  to  A.D,  1615;  together 
with  illustrations  from  contemporary 
sources.  By  the  Rev.  Charles  Hardwick, 
M.A.  Bvo,  Cambridge  and  Lond.  1851. 
— The  author's  design  is  to  contribute, 
"  in  some  measure,  to  the  satisfaction  of  a 
want  which  is  felt  more  especially  by  stu- 
dents in  the  universities  and  elsewhere 
who  are  reading  for  Holy  Orders."  In 
executing  his  purpose  he  gives,  first,  a 
sketch  of  the  general  cry  for  a  Reforma- 
tion of  the  church  which  exhibited  itself 
in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries, 
with  a  statement  of  the  principle  on  which 
the  English  Reformation  is  thought  to  have 
proceeded ; — that,  namely,  of  the  inherent 
authority  of  every  church  to  remove  its 
own  abuses.  Of  the  Augsburg  Confession 
of  1530  he  gives  a  useful  account,  which 
would,  however,  be  rendered  far  more 
complete  if  he  bad  added  the  Confession 
itself,  and  had  given  a  notice  of  Melanc- 
thon's  Apologia  Confessionis, — "  the  se- 
cond symbolical  book ''  of  the  Lutherans. 
Perhaps  the  latter  does  not  lie  quite  strictly 
within  the  author's  designed  course,  but 
no  more  did  the  **  Confutation  of  the 
Augsburg  Confession.*'  As  the  effect  of 
the  Confutation  is  stated,  it  would  have 
been  more  satisfactory  if  the  main  points 
of  the  Apology  had  been  set  forth  in  like 


The  answer  given  was,  that  the  public 
would  be  surprised  to  hear  that  his 
children  were  in  the  enjoyment  of  their 
father's  property.  The  fact  turned  out 
to  be,  that  the  children  were  in  possession 
only  for  their  Uves,  the  reversion  having 
been  disposed  of  ts  alleged. 


manner.  The  brief  word  or  two  of  notice 
of  the  Apology  in  the  note  at  p.  37  is 
neither  suflScient  nor  quite  accurate. 

Mr.  Hardwick  next  traces  the  history  of 
the  Ten  Articles  of  1536,  of  which  he  gives 
a  copy  in  the  Appendix.  These  had  a 
brief  existence,  and  have  a  very  distant  (if 
any)  connection  with  our  present  articles. 
The  first  germ  of  our  present  articles  is 
found  by  Mr.  Hardwick,  as  he  thinks,  in 
a  paper  of  13  Articles  manifestly  founded 
upon  the  Augsburg  Confession,  and  drawn 
up  at  certain  conferences  between  Cran- 
mer  and  other  English  divines  and  some 
ambassadors  from  the  Protestant  princes 
of  Grermany,  held  in  London  in  1538,  with 
a  view  to  bring  the  church  of  England  into 
closer  union  with  the  Lutheran  churches 
on  the  continent.  We  cannot  ourselves 
trace  the  similarity  which  Mr.  Hardwick 
supposes,  except  so  far  as  both  sets  of  ar- 
ticles are  derived  from  the  Augsburg  Con- 
fession. 

The  43  Articles  of  1552,  which  are  sub- 
stantially the  same  as  our  present  39  Ar- 
ticles, were  *' the  doing"  of  Cranmer. 
He  prepared  a  draft  of  them,  which  was 
considered  by  the  bishops  and  the  council, 
and  they  were  finally  sent  forth  by  royal 
mandate,  on  the  19th  June,  1553,  with 
directions  that  they  should  be  subscribed 
by  the  clergy.  They  were  entitled,  **  Ar- 
ticles ...  for  the  avoiding  of  contro- 
versy in  opinions,  and  the  establishment 
of  a  godly  concord  in  certain  matters  of 
religion.' '  It  seems  very  doubtful  whether 
these  articles  were  ever  agreed  to  by  any 
convocation  or  ecclesiastical  synod,  or 
were  not  circulated  solely  by  the  royal  au- 
thority. Mr.  Hardwick  thinks  they  were 
sanctioned  by  convocation,  but  his  proof 
and  conclusions  do  not  establish  much 
more  than  his  own  willingness  to  believe 
the  fact. 

The  39  Articles  were  framed  upon  the 
42.  The  task  of  revision  was  effected  by 
Parker,  Grindal,  Horn,  and  Cox.  Mr. 
Hardwick  gives  a  very  satisfactory  account 
of  their  proceedings.  The  principal  changes 
were  introduced  from  the  Confession  of 
Wirtemberg,  which  we  would  recommend 
Mr.  Hardwick  to  publish  as  an  illus- 
trative document  in  his  next  edition. 
The  draft,  as  settled  by  Parker  and  his 
brethren,  was  laid  before  the  Convo- 
cation which  assembled  12  Jan.  1562-3, 
and,  after  some  changes  which  are  well 
explained  by  Mr.  Hardwick,  the  present 
articles  were  agreed  upon.  It  was  not 
until  1671  that  they  received  their  quali- 
fied legislative  sanction  under  the  Stat.  13 
Eliz.  cap.  12,  the  delay  having  arisen  not 
from  any  disinclination  in  the  Parliament 
to  sanction  the  doctrinal  portion  of  the 
articles,  but  from  the  unwillingness  of  the 


174 


Mitcelldntottt  Rimtnli. 


CAtt. 


daeen  to  inbmit  her  gOYernorship  of  the 
Chorch  to  ParHamentary  interference.  As 
finally  agreed  apon,  the  purpose  of  the 
articles  was  defined  co  be  "  for  the  avoid- 
tng  of  the  diversities  of  opinion,  and  for 
ttabli«hing  of  consent  touchin^^  true  reli- 
gion/' By  the  Scat.  13  Eliz.  subscription 
was  rendered  imperative  upon  every  person 
who  "  pretended  to  be  "  a  priest  or  minis- 
ter.  Mr.  Hardwick  closes  this  portion  of 
bis  subject  by  citing  the  opinion  of  Water- 
land  that,  when  the  English  version  of  the 
articles  is  ambiguous,  the  sense  is  to  be  fixed 
from  the  Latin  ;  and  by  himself  concluding 
that  the  articles  are  not  intended  to  be  a 
toiitary  standard  of  doctrine,  but  are  to 
be  taken  in  connection  with  the  Liturgy 
and  other  formularies  of  our  Church. 

Mr.  Hardwick  adds  chapters  on  the 
Lambeth  Articles,  the  Irish  Articles  of 
1615,  the  Synod  of  Dort,  the  objections 
made  to  our  Articles  at  different  periods, 
and  historical  notices  concerning  sub- 
scription. 

The  book  is  carefully  and  accurately 
oompiled  with  all  necessary  research,  and 
in  a  spirit  of  strong  attachment  to  the 
Church  of  England.  If,  in  future  edi- 
tions, the  author  were  to  moderate  a  little 
of  his  zeal  against  the  Puritans,  neither 
his  book  nor  himself  would  lose  anything 
in  the  estimation  of  people  not  infected 
by  the  odium  theologieum. 

The  Prieti  Miraciea  of  Rome,  A  Mb- 
moir/or  the  present  time*  Lond.  tm.  Svo, 
1851. — A  sketch  of  our  early  ecclesiasti- 
eal  history  with  memoirs  of  King  Alfred 
and  St.  Dunstan,  compiled  from  Turner's 
Anglo-Saxons  and  other  common  books, 
tnd  coloured  by  the  strong  religious  parti- 
ianship  of  the  writer.  It  has  been  put 
together  on  account  of  the  presumed  ap- 
plicability of  the  facts  to  the  circumstances 
of  our  present  conflict  with  Rome. 

The  Book  qf  Almanace,  wiih  an  Index 
vf  rfferenee  by  which  the  almanac  moijf 
he  found  fur  every  year,  whether  in  old 
or  new  style,  from  any  epoch,  ancient  or 
modem,  up  to  AJ),  2000  ;  with  means  of 
finding  the  day  qf  any  new  or  full  moon, 
from  B,C,  2000  to  A,D.  2000.  Compiled 
ky  Augustus  de  Morgan.  Svo.  Taylor, 
18&1. — This  ingenious  and  useful  book  is 
built  upon  two  different  hints,  "  one  of 
the  late  L.  B.  Francoeur,  the  other  from 
the  well-known  James  Ferguson.''  The 
first  part  of  it,  which  is  the  most  appli- 
cable to  the  ordinary  purposes  of  his- 
torical  investigation,  is  founded  upon  the 
eircumstance  that  all  the  almanacs  of  all 
the  years  which  have  happened,  or  will 
happen,  firom  the  creation  to  A.D.  3000, 
•re  ffedodUetotliirty-flve  varieties.    These 


thirty-five  are  here  printed,  with  an  indei 
table  which  shews  under  whidi  variety 
every  year  has  fallen  or  will  fall ;  80  that, 
in  a  moment,  any  one,  without  calculation, 
by  simply  turning  to  the  index,  and  from 
thence  to  the  particular  variety  of  almanae 
which  it  indicates,  may  place  before  him- 
self the  almanac  for  any  past  or  future 
year  up  to  A.D.  2000.  Thus,  in  the  ease 
of  the  present  year,  it  appears  in  the  index, 
that  No.  30  is  the  almainac  applicable  to 
it ;  for  1852,  the  dmanac  will  be  No.  21 ; 
for  1853  No.  6  ;  and  so  forth. 

The  other  design  of  the  book,  that  of 
enabling  an  inquirer  to  find  the  day  of 
any  new  or  full  moon,  is  effected  by  a  very 
simple  calculation,  for  which  we  refer  to 
the  book  itself. 

The  book  has  been  got  up  with  con- 
scientious care  and  pains,  and  is  in 
every  respect  most  satisfactory.  It  is  by 
far  the  most  useful  auxiliary  to  the  his- 
torian and  man  of  business  that  has  been 
published  for  very  many  years,  and  must 
be  introduced  into  every  place  of  besioess 
or  study  in  the  kingdom. 

The  Ancient  Britons,  A  tale  of  pri^ 
maval  life.  Lond.  sm.  Svo. — ^The  adven- 
ventures  of  Octavins  Scapula,  a  Romim 
prisoner  captured  by  the  British  tribe  of 
the  Catti  in  a  skirmish  with  Julius  Cesar, 
form  the  narrative  portion  of  this  book. 
The  death  which  he  saticipated  was 
warded  off  from  time  to  time  by  varioiu 
fortunate  circumstanoee,  and,  after  long 
residence  among  his  captors,  a  servide 
which  he  performed  on  the  request  of  Cas- 
sibelan,  was  rewarded  with  freedom  and 
adoption  as  a  British  chief.  The  narratife 
of  his  anxieties  as  a  prisoner  is  diTcrsified 
by  accounts  of  the  British  manners  and 
customs,  civil  and  religious,  of  which  ha 
was  an  unwilling  witness.  Great  care  has 
been  taken  to  make  these  details  accurate. 
The  learning  of  Daviea,  Higgins,  Borlase, 
and  Henry,  has  supplied  the  facts.  Ossiao 
has  been  the  authority  for  language  and 
imagery,  and  the  results  of  diligent  readia|f 
among  these  and  a  few  other  antiquariaa 
authors  are  rendered  attractive  by  bein| 
interwoven  into  a  story  which  is  simple 
and  interesttttg.* 

An  Account  qf  the  present  State  qf 
Youghal  Church ;  including  Memoriais  qf 

*  As  the  author  desires  to  be  accurate, 
he  should  consider  whether  it  is  quite  right 
to  make  England  (without  North  Britain) 
an  island,  as  he  does  in  his  frontispieoe- 
map.  There  are  many  other  mtstacei  ia 
the  same  map.  And  it  it  quite  oorreot  M 
refer  to  Davies  the  aothor  of  the  CeUk 
Researehes,  as  "  Dr.  DaTfts  ?  " 


JML] 


LUerary  oimI  SeietUi/k  Inj^Uigmeen 


176 


ike  Ihyltf,  th»  CoUegt,  and  Sir  Walier 
Kmieigk't  Hmue.  WUh  a  Sketch  of  the 
BUekwaier/rom  the  Sea  to  Ldtmore,  l2mo. 
-^This  little  hmndbook  is  founded  apoo  an 
fvttcle  which  appeared  in  the  Topographer 
ftnd  Genealogist  in  1847«  having  been  com- 
■mnicated  to  that  work  by  the  Rev.  Pierse 
William  Drew,  the  Rector  of  Yooghal. 
Hbe  present  edition  has  been  prepared  by 
^M  Rev.  Samuel  Hayman,  his  brother 
minister,  and  considerably  amplified  with 
new  materials,  part  of  which,  consisting  of 
remarks  on  the  architecture  of  the  church, 
and  the  classification  of  monuments,  have 
been  supplied  by  Mr.  Edward  Pitzgerald, 
trchitect.  The  curious  genealogical  epi- 
iaph  of  the  great  Earl  of  Cork  is  (for  the 
fint  time)  printed   entire — on   a  folded 


■beet.  411  the  epitapha,  of  every  dtteripr 
tion,  are  earefuUy  transcribed;  but  th« 
writer  ii  merely  able  to  point  out  the 
whereabouts  of  the  grave  of  Han9-Fi«o*> 
cis  eleventh  Earl  of  Huntingdon,  whose 
establishment  (it  is  added)  ofclaimto  that 
ancient  dignity,  through  the  exertions  of 
Mr.  Nugent  Bell,  forms  one  of  the  most 
interesting  episodes  in  the  history  of  th« 
Peerage.  He  died  st  Oreen  Park,  the  seat 
of  his  Bon-inlaw,  Captain  Henry  Parker, 
R.N.,  9  Dec.  1828,  and  was  buried  on 
this  rising  ground  [in  Youghal  church- 
yard], but  no  stone  marks  his  resting- 
place.*' — Sie  traruit  gloria  I  The  de- 
scription of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  hovse 
will  be  found  interesting. 


LITERARY   AND    SCIENTIFIC    INTELLIGENCE. 


UNIVBKSITT  OF  CAMBRIDOB. 

Juae  26.  The  Members'  Prizes  to 
Bachelors  of  Arts  for  the  encouragement 
of  Latin  prose  composition  have  been  ad- 
Judged  to  H.  C.  A.  Tayler,  B.A.  Trinity 
eollege,  and  J.  B.  Mayor,  B.A.  St.  John^s 
college:  Subject —  "  Qnaenam  prsecipue 
fuerint  in  eausA  cur  Religio  Reformata 
quae  vocatur  fines  quos  in  EuropA  intra 
pancos  annos  attigit  nunquam  supera- 
▼erit  ?" 

The  Members'  Prizes  to  Undergraduates 
have  been  adjudged  to  E.  W.  Benson, 
Trinity  college,  and  John  Chambers,  St. 
John's  college  :  Subject — **  Quomodo  di- 
Tersamm  gentium  indoles  a  diverse  earum 
•itu  ezplicari  possit  ?" 

The  Bumey  Prize  has  been  adjudged  to 
O.  F.  Prescott,  B.A.  Trinity  college. 


UKITSReiTT  OF  OXFORD. 

July  3.  At  the  annual  Enccenia,  or 
Commemoration  of  Founders  and  Bene- 
factors, the  Honorary  Degree  of  Doctor 
of  Civil  Law  was  conferred  on  the  Right 
Rev.  Alexander  Ewing,  D.D.  Bishop  of 
Argyle  and  the  Isles ;  Sir  William  Page 
Wood,  Knt.  F.R.S.  Her  Majesty's  Solici- 
tor-General, M.P.  for  the  city  of  Oxford  ; 
Sir  Benjamin  Collins  Brodie,  Bart.  F.R.S.; 
Lieut. -Colonel  Francis  Rawdon  Cbesney, 
Royal  Artillery;  and  the  Ven.  William 
Williams,  of  Magdalene  Hall,  Archdeacon 
of  Waiapu,  in  New  Ztcaland. 

The  Creweian  Oration  was  delivered  by 
the  Public  Orator,  after  which  'the  Prize 
Compositions  were  read  as  follows  : — 

Latin  Verse,  **  Parthenonis  Ruinse." — 
Mr.  Charles  Stuart  Blayds,  Balliol  college. 

Emglieh  Beeay,—**  What  form  of  po- 
iJEticai  bonatiMtion  it  moat  favoorable  to 


the  cultivation  of  the  Fine  Arts  ?  "  Mr. 
Charles  Savile  Currer,  B.A.  Fellow  of 
Merton  college. 

Latin  Eetay. — '*  Demosthenis  et  Cice- 
ronis  inter  se  comparatio.'*  Mr.  Henry 
E.  Tweed,  B.A.  Trinity  college. 

Bnglieh  Verae.  •*  Nineveh."— Mr.  Al- 
fred  Wm.  Hunt,  Corpus  Chriati  college. 

Mrs.  Denyer's  theological  prizes  have 
been  awarded  to  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Burgon» 
M.A.  Fellow  of  Oriel  (Newdigate,  IHb  $ 
Ellerton  Theological  Prize,  1847,)  and  the 
Rev.  W.H.  Davey,  M.A.  Lincoln  college. 

The  Kennicott  Hebrew  Scholarship  bai 
been  awarded  to  Mr.  W.  Wright,  B.A« 
St.  John's,  and  the  Putey  and  Ellerton 
Scholarship  to  Mr.  C.  Mathiaon,  Scholar 
of  St.  John's. 


|U>rAL  SOCISTT. 

The  following  gentlemen,  having  been 
selected  by  the  council,  haye  been  elected 
Fellows :  Charles  Cardale  Babington,  esq. ; 
Thomas  Snow  Beck,  M.D.;  Charlea  Jaf. 
Fox  Bunbury,  esq.;  George T.  Doo,  esq.; 
Edward  B.  Eastwick,  esq. ;  Capt.  Charles 
M.  Elliot;  Capt.  Robert  Fitzroy,  R.N.; 
John  Russell  Hind,  esq.;  Augustus  Wil- 
liam Hofmano,  esq.;  Thomas  Henry  Hux- 
ley, esq.;  William  Edmond  Logan,  esq.; 
James  Paget,  esq. ;  George  Gabriel  Stokes, 
esq.;  William  Thomson,  esq.;  and  Augus- 
tus V.  Waller,  M.D. 


BKITXaH  ASSOCIATION  FOR  THI 
ADVANCEMENT  OF  SCIENCE. 

The  twenty-first  meeting  of  this  Asso- 
ciation commenced  at  Ipswich  on  the  2od 
of  July,  under  the  presidency  of  G*  B. 
Airy,  esq.  the  Astronomer  Royal,  vbo«  ip 
his  opening  address,  took  a  reriev  o#  \kt 


176 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[Aug. 


progress  of  science  daring  the  past  year. 
He  first  stated  that  the  progress  of  Astro- 
nomy has  been  very  great ;  and,  after  de- 
tailing the  experiments  made  with  the  in- 
struments of  the  Earl  of  Rosse,  and  the 
improvements  in  object-glasses  made  by 
Mr.  Simms  and  Mr.  Ross,  he  mentioned 
as  a  matter  of  no  small  importance  the 
erection  of  a  large  transit  circle  at  the 
Royal  Observatory  at  Greenwich ,  which 
had  been  manufactured  by  Messrs.  Ran- 
Bome  and  May,  of  Ipswich.  In  our  own 
sola;"  system,  the  most  remarkable  disco- 
very has  been  that  of  a  dusky  ring  inte- 
rior to  the  well-known  ring  of  Saturn. 
Three  additional  planets  have  been  disco- 
vered in  the  same  planetary  space — be- 
tween Mars  and  Jupiter — in  which  eleven 
others  had  been  previously  found.  The 
last  of  these  (Irene)  was  first  discovered 
by  Mr.  Hind,  observer  in  the  private  ob- 
servatory of  Mr.  Bishop,  and  is  the  fourth 
discovered  by  that  gentleman.  The  Pre- 
sident next  detailed  the  arrangements  that 
had  been  made  for  observiDg  the  great 
eclipse  of  the  sun  which  would  take  place 
on  the  38th  July  :  and  proceeded  to  make 
some  remarks  on  M.  Foucault's  experi- 
ment in  proof  of  the  rotation  of  the  earth, 
by  showing  the  rotation  of  the  plane  of  a 
simple  pendulum's  vibration.  Prof.  Airy 
remarked  that  "  it  is  certain  that  M.  Fou- 
cault's  theory  is  correct ;  but  careful  ad- 
justments, or  measures  of  defect  of  ad- 
justment, are  necessary  to  justify  the 
deduction  of  any  valid  inference.*'  Hav- 
ing reviewed  the  progress  of  other  depart- 
ments of  science,  and  alluded  in  terms  of 
approbation  to  the  Great  Exhibition  of  the 
Works  of  Industry  of  All  Nations,  the 
President  concluded  by  declaring  his  opi- 
nion that  there  has  been  no  slackness  in 
the  progress  of  science  during  the  last 
year  or  the  last  few  years,  and  that  in 
this  progress  the  British  Association  has 
taken  a  most  active  and  efficient  part. 

On  the  following  day  the  business  of 
the  several  sections  commenced  as  usual : 
their  arrangement  being  as  follows :  — 

A.  Mathematical  and  Physical  Science. 

B.  Chemistry,  including  its  application 
to  Agriculture  and  the  Arts. 

C.  Geology  and  Physical  Geography. 

D.  Nat.  History,  including  Physiology. 

E.  Geography  and  Ethnology. 

F.  Statistics. 

G.  Mechanical  Science. 

In  the  evening  the  Com  Exchange  was 
open  for  promenade  and  conversation, 
and  for  an  exhibition  of  microscopic 
power.  On  Friday  morning  Prof.  Owen 
delivered  a  discourse  on  the  distinction 
between  Plants  and  Animals,  and  their 
changes  of  form.  Saturday  was  devoted 
to  excursions,  the  memberi  distributing 
9 


themselves  to  Norwich,  Bury,  Colchester, 
and  other  places,  the  geologists  taking  m 
trip  down  the  Orwell.  On  Monday  even- 
ing the  President  delivered  a  discourse  on 
the  Total  Solar  Eclipse  of  July  28,  1851. 
On  Tuesday,  in  a  meeting  of  the  General 
Committee,  the  following  grants  were 
agreed  to : — 300/.  for  the  maintenance  of 
the  Observatory  at  Kew;  50/.  as  m  re- 
newal of  the  former  grant  to  Prof.  J.  D. 
Forbes,  for  experiments  on  the  Radiation 
of  Heat;  20/.  to  Mr.  Robert  Hunt,  Dr. 
G.  Wilson,  and  Dr.  Gladstone,  to  continue 
their  investigation  on  the  Influence  of  the 
Solar  Radiation  on  Chemical  Combina- 
tions, Electric  Phenomena,  and  the  Vital 
Powers  of  Plants  growing  under  different 
atmospheres;  15/.  to  Prof.  Ramsay  to  pre- 
pare a  large  Greological  Map  of  Great  Bri- 
tain and  Ireland  to  accompany  the  Section 
and  Association;  10/.  to  Prof.  E.  Forbes 
and  Prof.  T.  Hall  to  assist  Dr.  Williami 
to  draw  up  his  Report  on  British  Annelida^ 
6/.  to  Hugh  E.  Strickland,  esq..  Dr.  Dau- 
beny.  Dr.  Lindley,  and  Prof.  Henslow  to 
continue  their  Report  on  the  Vitality  of 
Seeds;  20/.  to  Lord  Monteagle,  Sir  J. 
Boileau,  Mr.  G.  R.  Porter,  Mr.  Fletcher, 
Dr.  Stark,  and  Prof.  Hancock,  to  prepare 
a  Report  on  the  Census  of  the  United 
Kingdom ;  and  20/.  to  Mr.  A.  W.  Fair- 
bairn,  to  make  a  series  of  Experiments  on 
the  Tensile  Power  of  Wrought  Iron  Boiler 
Plates  at  various  Temperatures. 

The  following  papers  were  agreed  to  be 
printed  in  the  volume  of  the  Society's 
Proceedings  in  addition  to  the  Reports 
called  for  from  individual  members :— > 
Dr.  Drew's  Tables  of  the  Mean  Results 
of  Meteorological  Observations  at  South- 
ampton ;  Prof.  Dumas'  Statement  on 
Atomic  Volume,  and  his  Reasons  for  con- 
sidering that  certain  Bodies  now  consi- 
dered as  Elementary  might  be  decom- 
posed ;  and  Dr.  Daubeny's  Statement  on 
the  Chemical  Nomenclature  of  Organic 
Substances. 

On  the  same  evening  the  President's 
dinner  took  place  at  the  Com  Exchange ; 
and  on  Tuesday  morning  the  final  Gene- 
ral Meeting  took  place,  at  which  Prof. 
Phillips,  one  of  the  Secretaries,  announced 
that  711  persons  had  taken  part  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  Association  during  the 
week,  of  whom  37  were  foreign  gentlemen 
of  distinguished  eminence.  The  money 
received  was  620/.  It  is  arranged  that 
the  meeting  of  1852  shall  take  place  at 
Belfast,  under  the  presidency  of  Colonel 
Sabine. 


THE  RAY  80CIBTY. 


The  annual  meeting  of  the  Ray  Society 
was  held  at  Ipswich  during  the  meeting  of 
the  British  Aasociation.     Prof.  Henslow 


1851.] 


Architecture. 


177 


took  the  chair.  The  Report  showed  an 
increase  of  funds,  bat  indicated  a  slight 
decrease  of  members.  The  works  brongLt 
cat  last  year  were,  the  Second  Volume  of 
Ai^assiz'fl  Zoological  and  Geological  Bib- 
lic^raphy,  and  a  fifth  Part,  containing;  fif- 
teen illustrations,  of  the  work  of  Alder 
and  Hancock  on  the  Nudibranchiate  Mol- 
lusca.  For  the  present  year  the  Council 
bave  already  published  the  Rev.  W.  A. 
Leighton*s  work  on  the  British  Angiocar- 
pons  Lichens,  with  thirty  illustrations ; 
and  will  shortly  issue  the  first  Part  of  an 
illustrated  work,  by  Mr.  Charles  Darwin, 
on  the  family  of  Cirrhipides.  Amongst 
the  illustrated  works  announced  for  future 
publication  are,  a  Monograph  of  the  Bri- 


tish Freshwater  Zoophytes,  by  Prof.  All- 
man,  and  a  Monograph  on  the  British 
species  of  the  family  of  Spiders,  by  Messrs, 
Blackwall  and  Templeton.  The  Chair- 
man, in  his  address,  stated  that  he  hoped 
the  beautiful  drawings  illustrative  of  Dr. 
T.  Williams's  Report  on  the  present  state 
of  our  knowledge  of  Annelida  would  be 
published  by  the  Ray  Society  with  an  ex- 
tended description  of  the  species.  For 
this  purpose  the  Society  would  require 
extra  assistance ;  and  he  hoped  not  only 
that  new  members  would  join,  but  that 
special  contributions  would  be  made  by 
naturalists,  to  enable  it  to  publish  these 
important  contributions  to  British  Natu- 
ral History. 


ARCHITECTURE. 


MSBTINO   AT  RIPON. 

The  Architectural  Societies  of  Yorkshire 
and  Lincolnshire  held  a  joint  meeting  at 
Ripon  on  the  17th  and  18th  June.  Having 
inspected  the  cathedral,  under  the  guidance 
of  Mr.  J.  R.  Walbran,  architect,  of  Ripon, 
they  proceeded  to  the  Town  Hall,  where 
the  chair  was  taken  by  the  Very  Rev.  the 
Dean.  The  room  was  adorned  with  im- 
pressions from  monumental  brasses,  draw- 
ings, and  prints  in  the  possession  of  the 
two  societies,  and  there  was  also  exhibited 
a  lithographic  view  of  the  magnificent  east 
window  intended  to  be  placed  in  Ripon 
Cathedral,  to  commemorate  the  institution 
of  the  diocese  of  Ripon,  and  which  is  esti- 
mated to  cost,  we  believe,  about  1,200/. 
This  will  be  executed  by  Mr.  Wailes  of 
Newcastle,  and  a  portion  is  now  erected  in 
the  Great  Exhibition  at  Hyde  Park. 

Sir  Charles  Andersob,  Bart,  then  read 
an  interesting  paper  "  On  the  Local  Pecu- 
liarities of  Church  Architecture,"  showing 
that  they  depend  upon  the  geological  strata 
prevalent  in  the  neighbourhood,  the  facili- 
ties of  conveyance  for  the  material,  and  the 
influence  of  the  large  cathedrals  and  monas- 
teries and  the  rivalry  between  them.  He 
illustrated  this  by  various  examples,  and  in 
speaking  of  the  different  qualities  of  stone , 
suggested  the  formation  of  collections  of 
the  various  stones  used  for  building,  with 
the  names  of  the  quarries  from  which  they 
were  taken  and  of  the  buildings  known  to 
have  been  built  from  them,  to  enable 
builders  to  test  their  durability  both  as 
regards  the  influence  of  time,  position,  and 
atmosphere. 

J.  W.  Hugall,  esq.  read  a  paper  "  On 
some  of  the  Churches  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Wensleydale.'' 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVL 


The  Rev.  George  Atkinson  read  a  paper 
on  the  restorations  of  the  church  of  Stow, 
CO.  Lincoln,  of  which  he  is  incumbent. 
These  restorations  have  been  in  progress 
from  the  time  of  the  visit  of  the  Archeeo- 
logical  Institute  to  the  church  in  1848, 
which  was  noticed  in  our  vol.  xxx.  p. 
296.  On  that  occasion,  it  will  be  remem- 
bered, most  of  those  who  had  not  seen  it 
before  came  with  a  strong  presentiment 
that  they  would  find  it  to  be  nothing  more 
than  early  Norman  ;  but  they  were  satis- 
fied after  careful  examination,  that  the 
transept  had  formed  a  portion  of  the  Saxon 
cathedral,  which  there  existed  before  the 
removal  of  the  see  to  Lincoln.  This  visit 
proved  the  happy  occasion  of  giving  prac- 
tical effect  to  the  wish  which  had  long  been 
felt  in  many  quarters  that  an  effort  should 
be  made  to  commence  the  restoration  of 
this  venerable  structure.  Earl  Brownlow, 
the  lord -lieutenant  of  the  county,  president 
that  year  of  the  Archaeological  Institute, 
in  conjunction  with  the  bishop  of  the  dio- 
cese and  other  eminent  persons,  set  on 
foot  a  subscription,  the  proceeds  of  which, 
together  with  the  contributions  of  the  tithe 
owners,  are  now  being  expended  on  the 
restoration  of  the  chancel,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  the  means  will  eventually  be 
found  for  putting  the  whole  fabric  into  a 
sound  state.  Mr.  Atkinson  observed  that 
the  peculiar  interest  attaching  to  the  tran* 
sept  of  Stow  Church  arises  from  its  being 
the  only  example  now  remaining  of  what 
a  Saxon  church  of  the  largest  class  was, 
and  certainly  it  was  calculated  to  give  a 
much  more  exalted  idea  of  the  handy-work 
of  our  Saxon  forefathers  than  they  com- 
monly had  credit  for.  The  grand  feature 
of  the  work  now  in  progress  is  the  resto- 

2A 


178 


Architecture. 


[Aug. 


ration  of  the  original  stone  yanlting,  wliich 
it  far  advanced.  The  prospect  of  seeing 
the  vaulting  restored  at  all  was  no  little 
thing  ;  but  to  see  again  the  very  same  de- 
sign in  all  respects,  when  neither  memory 
nor  tradition  of  what  it  had  been,  or  indeed 
l^hether  it  had  been,  survived,  appeared 
^nite  beyond  all  hope — and  yet  this  was 
actually  to  be  seen  in  the  restoration. 
**  There  is  one  thing,"  the  rev.  Baronet 
remarked  in  conclusion,  "  which  this  very 
ancient  structure  has  often  brought  to  my 
mind  most  strongly,  and  it  will  not,  I  trust, 
appear  to  you  otherwise  than  as  it  does  to 
me,  well  calculated  to  confirm  us  in  our 
attachment  to  the  Reformed  Church  of 
England — I  mean  the  testimony  which  it 
affords  to  the  simplicity  of  the  ritual  of 
our  church  in  those  early  times,  compared 
with  what  it  had  gradually  become  for 
some  ages  before  the  Reformation.  We 
can  admire  the  beauty  of  many  of  those 
features  which  were  subsequently  intro- 
duced into  our  churches  ,  but  if  any  ob- 
ject to  us  as  a  defect  that  our  present  ritual 
^oes  not  require,  scarcely  admits  of,  the 
use  of  those  things,  we  have  in  this  struc- 
ture a  ready  and  surely  an  efficient  answer 
that  they  were  equally  unknown  to  our 
Saxon  and  even  to  our  early  Norman  pre- 
ilecessors  in  the  Church  of  England." 

J.  R.  Walbran,  esq.  of  Ripon,  read  the 
last  paper,  which  was  **  On  the  Recent 
Discoveries  at  Fountains  Abbey."  He 
said  that  from  visiting  the  whole  of  the 
tpartments  of  the  abbey,  an  idea  might  be 
formed  of  the  nature,  wants,  and  arrange- 
ment of  the  most  definite  and  perfect  ex- 
ponent of  the  monastic  system  remaining 
in  the  kingdom.  The  recent  excavation 
had,  however,  disclosed,  in  the  ruin  of  the 
abbot's  house,  an  equally  interesting  ex- 
ample of  our  early  domestic  architecture, 
which  furnishes,  also,  additional  evidence 
of  the  dignity,  hospitality,  and  general 
soeial  condition  of  the  rulers  of  these  in- 
fluential establishments.  It  should  be  ob- 
served by  how  great  sacrifice  of  labour  the 
site  of  the  house  has  been  obtained  in  this 
particular  and  favourable  locality  ;  for,  as 
the  valley  is  extremely  contracted,  and  the 
Skell  incapable  of  permanent  diversion, 
the  only  expedient  of  the  monks  was  to 
build  above  the  river ;  and  four  parallel 
tunnels,  each  nearly  300  feet  long,  still 
utteit  their  perseverance  and  skill.  The 
chief  or  state  approach  to  the  house  waa 
by  a  spacious  alley,  from  the  east  side  of 
the  cloister  court,  richly,  but  not  con- 
tinously,  decorated  by  a  trefoil- headed  ar- 
cade, supported  by  a  double  row  of  shafts, 
and  so  deeply  recessed  as,  subsequently, 
to  have  required  the  insertion  of  solid 
masonry  behind  the  foremost  shaft.     The 


hall  to  which  this  passsge  led  has  bean 
unquestionably  one  of  the  most  ipaidoiit 
and  magnificent  apartments  ever  ereettd 
in  the  kingdom,  and  admirably  adapted 
for  the  entertainment  of   those  distin- 
guished persons  and  their  hosts  of  gentili- 
tial  retainers  by  whom  the  abbot  was  con- 
tinually visited.     Its  internal  length  is  90t 
less  than  171  feet,  and  its  width  70  feet  i 
the  bases,  or  foundations,  of  18  cylindrical 
columns,  shafted  and  banded  with  marble, 
indicating  its  division  into  a  nave  and  two 
aisles,  the  latter  having  circulated  round 
the   extremities  of   the  former.     In  the 
chapel  the  stone  altar  is  still  tolerably  per- 
fect, but  has  lost  its  slab.     On  its  north 
side  has  been  a  narrow  staircase,  leading 
either  to  the  vestry  or  the  apartments  of 
the  chaplain  ;  and,  beyond,  the  long  but 
narrow  base  of  a  work  erected  in  the  per- 
pendicular period,  of  which  the   use  is 
uncertain.      On   the  north   side   of    the 
chapel  is  a  picturesque  apartment,  partially 
vaulted,  which,  being  below  the  general 
level  of  the  other  rooms,  and,  from  the 
declivity  of  the  ground,  always  accessible, 
has  often  been  delineated  as  "  a  crypt,** 
but  stoutly  asserted  by  the  country  people 
to  have  been  '*  the  place  where  the  abbot's 
six  white    chariot  horses  were   kept  ?  " 
Sex  equi  adhigam  the  abbot  certainly  had 
in  his  stable  at  the  time  of  the  dissolution, 
but,  from  the  position  and  character  of  the 
place,  it  appears  to  have  been  the  cellar 
and  storehouse  of  the  establishment.    To 
the  south  of  the  chapel,  but  detached  from 
it  by  the  intervention  of  the  scullery  yard, 
has  been  the  kitchen,  an  apartment  cor- 
roborating, in  its  dimensions  and  appli- 
ances, the  most  romantic  ideas  of  monastie 
hospitality.     At   the   south  side   are  the 
foundations  of  two  great  fire-places  and  a 
boiler,  in  a  wall  which  has  divided  a  nar- 
row '*  back  kitchen  '*  from  the  chief  apart- 
ment, and  in  the  north  east  angle,  a  stone 
grate  in  the  floor,  which  was  covered  by 
wooden  doors,  and  communicates  with  the 
river  below.     This  very  singular  object  has 
probably  been  used  as  a  ventilator,  to  miti- 
gate a  temperature  which  must  always  have 
been  sufficiently  oppressive,  but  which,  on 
festive  occasions,   would  not  only  be  in- 
creased by  a  subsidiary  Are  and  boiler,  but 
also  by  two  huge  ovens,  the  one  at  the 
west,  and  the  other,  and  larger,  at  the 
east  end  of  the  apartment.    Then  there 
is  the  coal-yard,  in  which  the  last  supply 
that  the  abbat   needed  remained  undis- 
turbed until  the  recent  excavation.     There 
was  found  here,  also,  a  large  heap  of  ashes 
and  cinders,  just  as  they  had  been  cast 
from   the  window  above,  the  cill  being 
worn  down  by  the  frequent  attrition  of  the 
shovel.     The  removal  of  the   mass  dia- 


1851.] 


Antiquauan  Researches, 


179 


closed  what  every  housekeeper's  experience 
would  have  suggested.  First,  of  course, 
^cre  was  a  silver  spoon,  weighing  about 
an  ounce,  with  capacious  bowl,  slender 
octagonal  stem,  and  a  head  like  a  plain  in- 
verted Tudor  bracket ;  then,  broken  pot- 
tery of  different  kinds  and  sizes — from  the 
painted  ware  that  had  disappeared  from 
the  abbot's  table,  to  the  large  coarse  jugs 
that  had  been  broken  in  the  kitchen ;  a 
small  silver  ornament,  resembling  a  lion's 
head,  and  i^parently  detached  from  an 
article  of  table-plate  ;  a  silver  ring,  a 
brass  ring,  several  Nuremberg  tokens, 
part  of  a  leaden  ornament,  designed  like 
Tudor  window  tracery  ;  with  a  number  of 
venison  and  beef  bones,  and  bushels  of 
oyster,  mussel,  and  cockle  shells,  as  fresh 
and  pearly  as  when  they  left  Abbat  Brad- 
ley's table.  The  encaustic  tiles  found  in 
excavating  the  several  apartments  are  nu- 
merous and  singular,  and  the  evidence  ob- 
tained on  the  subject  of  mediseval  brick- 
work  important  and    interesting.      The 


floors  of  the  principal  apartments  have 
been  paved  either  with  encaustic  or  plain 
tiles,  but  the  greater  part  of  them  had  oeen 
torn  up  and  removed  before  the  house  wm 
pulled  down,  when  the  specimens  that  re- 
main were  so  much  disturbed  that  it  is  dif- 
ficult to  determine  to  what  particular  apart* 
ment  they  belonged. 

The  Company  afterwards  proceeded  to 
Fountains  Abbey,  the  ruins  of  which,  with 
the  beautiful  grounds  surrounding  them, 
were  thrown  open  to  their  inspection  bj 
the  kind  direction  of  Earl  de  Grey,  Presi- 
dent of  the  Institute  of  British  Architects; 
and  on  their  return,  the  members  of  the 
societies  and  their  friends  dined  at  the 
Unicom  Inn,  and  at  nine  o'clock  went  to 
spend  the  remaining  part  of  the  evening  at 
the  Deanery.  The  next  day  a  tour  of  ar- 
chitectural inspection  was  made ;  and  the 
churches  of  West  Tanfield,  Masham,  Jer- 
vaulx  Abbey,  Coverbam  Abbey,  Middle- 
ham,  Wensley,  and  Thornton  Steward,, 
were  visited. 


ANTIGUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


SOCISTT  OF  ANTIQUARIKS. 

JwM  5.     J.  Payne  Collier,  esq.  V.P. 

Richard  Ellison,  esq.  of  Sudbrook 
Holme,  CO.  Lincoln,  and  William  Michael 
Wylie,  esq.  B.A.  Oxon.,  of  Fairford,  co. 
Gloucester,  were  elected  Fellows  of  the 
Society. 

Archdeacon  Tattam  exhibited  a  model 
in  brass  of  a  matchlock,  found  near  Chip- 
ping Ongar,  in  Essex,  and  similar  to  one 
exhibited  lately  to  the  Society  by  Mr. 
Gooding. 

Mr.  Price  exhibited  two  terra-cotta 
lamps,  bearing  the  name  of   the  same 


potter, 


ATTYSA 


.    One  was  brought  from 


Mayence  some  years  since;  the  other  was 
found  in  the  river  Thames.  Mr.  Roach 
Smith,  in  his  Collectanea  Antiqua,  has 
noticed  the  resemblance  in  potters'  names 
and  stamps  in  the  museums  on  the  Rhine 
and  those  of  this  country,  a  circumstance 
which  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  Britain 
was,  in  the  days  of  the  Roman  occupation, 
supplied  with  fictile  ware  by  the  manu- 
factories of  Gaul  and  Germany. 

Mr.  Gooding  exhibited,  by  the  hands  of 
the  Treasurer,  a  drawing  of  paintings  on 
the  roof  of  the  church  of  Southwold,  em- 
blematical of  the  Saviour's  passion. 

Mr.  Roach  Smith  exhibited  a  very 
beautiful  collection  of  drawings  of  Roman 
pottery,  dug  up  in  the  ground  of  John 


Taylor,  esq.  of  West  Lodge,  Colcbetter. 
Mr.  Smith  also  exhibited  a  collection  of 
knives,  arrow-heads,  &c.  the  result  of  ex- 
cavations in  the  same  town.  Also  a  draw- 
ing of  a  very  remarkable  vase,  by  Mr. 
Dawson  Turner  ;  and  a  hair  pin  of  brontt 
gilt,  dug  up  near  Sandwich. 

Mr.  Porrett  exhibited  several  specimeui 
of  ancient  weapons  in  further  illustration 
of  Mr.  Akerman's  memoir,  read  at  the 
previous  meeting  of  the  society.  These 
consisted  of  iron  axe-heads,  one  of  singular 
form,  resembling  the  Lochabar  axe,  found 
near  Dunvegan  Castle,  in  the  Isle  of  Skye« 
and  two  spear-heads  from  a  tumulus  at 
Marathon. 

A  further  communication  from  Mr.  Col- 
lier on  the  *'  Life  and  Services  of  Sir 
Walter  Raleigh,*'  was  then  read.  Thii 
paper  comprises  various  new  matter  illus- 
trative of  the  period  from  1592  to  1698. 
It  relates  principally  to  Raleigh's  intrigue 
with  Elixabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  N.  Throck- 
morton, and  their  subsequent  marriage  i 
the  indignation  of  the  Queen;  the  im- 
prisonment of  the  male  offender ;  pro- 
ceedings in  Chancery  to  enforce  the  pay- 
ment of  the  bride's  portion  ;  Raleigh's 
property  at  Sherborne ;  the  expedition  to 
Guiana;  Raleigh* s  restoration  to  public 
service ;  and  his  taking  part  with  Essex 
in  what  was  called  the  **  Island  Voyage.** 

The  Vice-President  announced  that  the 


180 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[Aug. 


first  part  of  the  thirty-fourth  volume  of 
the  Archteologia  was  ready  for  delivery; 
and  that  the  60ciety*s  meetings  were  ad- 
journed  over  Whitsuntide. 

June  19.     Sir  R.  H.  Inglis,  Bart.  V.P. 

Edmund  Waterton,  esq.  of  Walton 
Hall,  CO.  York,  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society. 

Mir.  Tissiman,  of  Scarborough,  exhibited 
drawings  of  some  remains  taken  by  him 
from  Celtic  tumuli  on  the  moors  near  that 
town.  They  consisted  of  two  slabs,  en- 
graved with  a  number  of  circles,  and  a 
couple  of  bouIder<stones,  on  which  grooves 
had  been  made.  Mr.  Tissiman  con- 
jectured that  these  latter  had  been  used  as 
anchor-stones  for  the  wicker  coracles  of 
the  rude  inhabitants  of  the  district. 

The  Abb^  Cochet  presented  several  ob- 
jects found  by  him  in  the  Merovingian 
Cemetery  at  Envermeu,  in  Normandy. 
Among  them  were  a  small  vase  in  black 
earth,  a  spear-head  of  iron,  a  buckle,  a 
fibula  of  bronze,  an  ear-ring,  and  a  pair  of 
tweezers.  Most  of  these  objects  closely 
resemble  those  found  in  the  graves  of  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  of  which  many  examples 
have  been  recently  exhibited  to  the  society. 

Mr.  Benjamin  Williams  exhibited  some 
drawings  of  notaries'  marks  affixed  to 
deeds,  preserved  in  the  chest  of  the 
church  of  Wymondham ,  on  which  he  con- 
tributed some  observations. 

Mr.  Burkitt  exhibited  a  small  bronze 
lamp,  the  handle  in  the  form  of  a  crescent, 
recently  found  in  Cannon-street,  London. 
This  symbol  of  Diana,  Mr.  Burkitt  re- 
marked, had  also  been  discovered  on  other 
objects  found  in  London,  belonging  to 
the  period  of  Roman  occupation,  which 
appeared  to  support  the  conjecture  of  Sir 
Christopher  Wren  that  a  temple  of  Diana 
once  stood  on  the  site  occupied  by  St. 
Paul's,  and  that  this  divinity  was  greatly 
honoured  in  the  capital  of  Britain. 

Mr.  Cole  exhibited  and  read  extracts 
from  various  deeds  of  the  time  of  Queen 
Elizabeth,  in  illustration  of  a  portion  of 
Mr.  Collier's  memoirs  of  Raleigh,  read  at 
the  previous  meeting  of  the  society. 

Mr.  Mackie  exhibited  through  Mr. 
Wright,  some  fragments  of  Roman  and 
Saxon  pottery,  recently  dug  up  in  the 
neigbourhood  of  the  town  of  Folkstone. 
Mr.  Wright  made  some  observations  on 
the  articles  exhibited  and  on  the  places  of 
discovery. 

Mr.  Octavius  Morgan  exhibited  the 
curious  astrological  clock,  engraved  and 


illustrated  by  Captain  Smyth  in  the  re- 
cently published  part  of  the  Archeeologia, 
and  read  a  paper  in  illustration  of  astro- 
logical clocks  and  astrolabes. 

Mr.  Bruce  read  "  Observations  upon 
certain  documents  relating  to  William 
Earl  of  Gowrie  and  Patrick  Ruthven  his 
fifth  and  last  surviving  son."  This  paper 
was  partly  in  continuation  of  one  pub- 
lished in  the  Archseologia, vol. xxxjii.  The 
Patrick  Ruthven  alluded  to  was  confined 
in  the  Tower  from  1603  to  1622,  and  was 
the  father  of  Mary  the  wife  of  Vandyck, 
whom  he  survived.  His  pension  of  500/. 
per  annum  having  fallen  into  arrear  after 
the  breaking  out  of  the  -Civil  War  in  1613, 
he  practised  as  a  physician  in  London, 
and  died  in  1656,  or  early  in  1657,  in- 
testate, and  under  circumstances  which 
are  as  yet  undiscovered,  in  the  parish  of 
St.  George's,  Southwark.  Most  of  the 
papers  commented  upon  by  Mr.  Bruce  are 
in  the  possession  of  Colonel  Stepney 
Cowell,  who  is  descended  from  Patrick 
Ruthven  and  Vandyck.  They  have  been 
principally  derived  from  the  Public  Re- 
cords. 

The  meetings  of  the  society  were  then 
adjourned  to  Thursday  Nov.  20. 


MKETING  AT  COVENTRY. 

May  21.  A  meeting  of  the  Warwick- 
shire ArchKological  and  Natural  History 
Society  in  conjunction  with  the  Architec- 
tural Society  of  the  Archdeaconry  of 
Northampton,  was  held  in  St.  Mary's 
Hall,  Coventry,  Charles  Holte  Brace- 
bridge,  esq.  taking  the  chair. 

Several  interesting  papers  were  read, — 
on  some  ancient  British,  Roman,  Romano- 
British,  and  early  Saxon  remains  recently 
discovered  in  Warwickshire,  by  Mr. 
Bloxam ;  brief  notices  of  the  Cathedral 
and  Priory  of  Coventry,  by  the  Rev.  Wil- 
liam Staunton  ;  and  architectural  remarks 
on  the  churches  of  Coventry,  by  the  Rev. 
G.  A.  Poole.  The  assemblage  then  pro* 
ceeded  to  visit  the  castles  of  Kenilworth 
and  Warwick,  at  both  of  which  they  were 
favoured  with  an  historical  and  architec- 
tural discourse  from  the  Rev.  C.  H. 
Hartshome.  The  whole  of  Warwick 
Castle  was  thrown  open  to  the  inspection 
of  the  visitors  by  the  Earl  of  Warwick, 
and  all  the  expenses  incurred  mt  Coventry 
were  liberally  undertaken  by  the  Mayor 
of  that  city. 


181 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS    IN    PARLIAMENT. 


House  of  Commons. 

June  19.  Sir  J.  Duke  urged  the  Go- 
▼eminent  to  abandon  the  Smithfield 
Market  Removal  Bill  for  the  present 
session y  to  afford  the  corporation  of 
London  an  opportunity  to  enlarge  the 
market  and  remove  all  existing  grounds  of 
complaint ;  and  moved  that  the  Bill  be 
committed  that  day  six  months.  This 
motion  was  negatived  by  64  against  26, 
and  the  Bill  was  considered  in  committee. 

June  20.  In  Committee  on  the  Eccle- 
siastical Titles  Bill,  Mr.  Monsell 
moved  the  insertion  of  the  following 
words : — "  Provided  always,  that  nothing 
in  this  Act  contained  shall  be  construed  to 
interfere  with  or  in  any  manner  to  restrict 
the  free  action  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church  in  the  United  Kingdom  in  matters 
of  a  spiritual  nature.** — Lord  /.  Russell 
said  that  the  introduction  of  the  words 
would  take  away  from  Parliament  the 
right  to  decide  what  was  spiritual  and 
what  was  temporal,  and  leave  that  right 
so  to  decide  to  the  courts  of  law. — The 
House  divided — For  the  proviso,  42 ; 
against  it,  160. — Mr.  S.  Crawford  moved 
that  this  Bill  should  not  extend  to  Ireland. 
— Lord  J.  Russell  said,  it  would  be  ab- 
surd to  allow  the  prerogative  of  the  Crown 
to  be  invaded  in  Ireland,  while  it  was  not 
allowed  to  be  invaded  in  England.— The 
Committee  divided — Against  the  motion, 
255  ;  for  it,  60.— Sir  R,  H.  Inglis  then 
moved  a  clause  which  declared  that  the 
Queen  was  the  fountain  of  all  honour  and 
and  jurisdiction  within  this  realm,  that  it 
be  therefore  enacted  and  declared,  that, 
notwithstanding  anything  which  appeared 
to  the  contrary  in  a  certain  local  act  enti- 
tled "The  Dublin  Cemeteries  Act,"  or 
in  a  certain  Act  entitled  '*  The  Act  for 
Charitable  Donations  and  Bequests  in  Ire- 
land," it  shall  not  be  deemed  lawful  for 
any  minister  or  servant  of  the  Crown  in 
the  United  Kingdom,  or  for  any  governor 
or  subordinate  officer  in  any  of  the  domi- 
minious  thereunto  belonging,  on  occasion 
of  any  public  state  or  ceremonial,  or 
otherwise,  to  give  or  allow  any  rank  or 
precedence,  or  to  use  in  any  public,  legal, 
or  official  document  any  prefix  of  title  or 
appellation  of  honour,  in  respect  of  any 
ecclesiastical  order  or  dignity  in  the 
Church  of  Rome,  to  any  person  not  hav- 
ing Her  Majesty^s  licence  for  such  title. 
— Lord  /.  RusseU  opposed  the  clause  on 
the  ground  that  its  adoption  would  dash 


with  several  colonial  and  local  statutes* 
The  Committee  divided — Against  the  mo- 
tion, 166  ;  for  it,  121. 

June  23.  In  Committee  on  the  Ec- 
clesiastical Titles  Bill,  Mr.  Walpole 
moved  a  series  of  amendments  in  the  pre- 
amble, by  which  the  perfect  independence 
of  the  Crown  and  Church  of  England 
from  all  foreign  ecclesiastical  domination 
was  set  forth  in  positive  terms ;  and  the 
late  appointment  of  an  episcopal  hierarchy 
with  territorial  titles  was  declared  to  be  an 
invasion  and  encroachment  in  manifest 
derogation  of  the  Queen's  authority. — The 
amendment  was  opposed  by  the  Solicitor" 
General^  who  contended  that  the  terms  of 
the  preamble  as  it  stood  were  quite  suffi- 
cient, more  concise,  and  less  offensive  to 
the  feelings  of  Roman  Catholics.  The 
Committee  divided — For  the  original  pre- 
amble, 140  ;  for  the  amendment,  131. — 
Mr.  Walpole  proposed  as  a  second  amend-' 
ment,  the  addition  of  certain  words  at  the 
end  of  the  preamble,  explaining  more  de- 
finitely the  reason  for  enacting  the  Bill. 
This  was  negatived  by  141  votes  to  117. 
The  Committee  then  divided  on  the  pre- 
amble— ayes,  200  ;  noes,  39. 

June  24.  The  third  reading  of  the 
Smithfield  Market  Removal  Bill 
having  been  moved,  Mr.  Hume  moved 
that  it  be  read  a  third  time  that  day  six 
months.  The  third  reading  was  carried 
by  a  majority  of  81  to  32.  The  Bill  was 
then  passed. 

Sir  G.  Grey  described  the  effect  of  the 
Church  Building  Act  Amendment 
Bill,  which  was  designed  to  accomplish  a 
subdivision  of  large  parishes  in  propor- 
tion to  their  population,  with  the  object  of 
facilitating  the  erection  of  churches  and 
providing  increased  accommodation. — Mr. 
Hume,  believing  the  Bill  to  involve  many 
considerations  of  great  importance,  ob- 
jected to  its  being  hurried  through  the 
House,  and  moved  that  it  be  read  a  second 
time  that  day  six  months.  The  debate 
was  adjourned. 

June  25.  Mr.  Cowan  moved  the  second 
reading  of  the  Universities  (Scot- 
land) Bill.  A  variety  of  tests  were  still 
retained  upon  the  university  statute  books. 
By  this  Bill,  these  obsolete  contrivances 
for  exclusion  would  be  abrogated,  and  a 
large  class  admitted  to  the  full  rights  and 
privileges  awarded  to  their  fellow.subjects. 
— Mr.  Lockkart  maintained  that  the  Bill 
obliterated  the  distinctive  protestantism  so 


182 


Proceedings  in  Parliament. 


[Aug. 


loDg  preserved  ia  the  Scotch  Universities, 
was  contrary  to  the  provisions  of  the  Act 
of  Union,  and  invaded  the  privileges  of 
the  established  Church  in  the  northern 
section  of  the  United  Kingdom. — The 
House  divided — For  the  second  reading, 
65  ;  against  it,  66  ;  majority,  1 . 

The  second  reading  of  the  Encum- 
bered Estates  Leases  (Ireland)  Bill 
was  moved  by  Mr.  APCullaghj  who  ex- 
plained that  the  object  of  the  measure 
was  to  empower  the  commissioners  to 
afford  certain  facilities  to  occupying  te- 
nants, to  prevent  the  ejection  of  some 
tenants,  and  to  enable  others  to  obtain  a 
lease  in  perpetuity  over  the  lands  they 
held,  on  paying  one-fourth  of  the  esti- 
mated value  in  ready  money,  the  remainder 
being  commuted  into  a  rent-charge. — Ne- 
gatived by  94  to  15. 

June  26.  The  third  reading  of  the 
St.  Alban's  Bribery  CoMMisdioN  Bill 
was  carried  by  37  to  16. 

Mr.  Roebuck  renewed  the  Danish 
Claims  by  moving  to  address  the  Crown 
praying  that  the  claims  of  the  merchants 
trading  to  Denmark  whose  property  was 
seized  in  Copenhagen  in  1807  should  be 
examined  and  liquidated.  The  motion  was 
negatived  by  126  to  49. 

June  27.  The  report  of  the  committee 
on  the  Ecclesiastical  Titles  Bill  was 
brought  up  and  considered.  An  amend- 
ment moved  by  Mr.  Keogh^  declaring  that 
the  Bill  was  not  to  interfere  with  the  Be- 
quests  Act,  was  agreed  to  without  a  divi- 
•ion. — Mr.  Keogh  mov&A  another  clause, 
providing  that  no  proceedings  should  be 
taken  under  the  Act,  save  and  except  by 
Her  Majesty's  Attorney-General  for  the 
time  being  in  England  and  Ireland,  or  by 
the  Lord  Advocate  in  Scotland.  The 
House  divided— Ayes,  71 ;  noes,  232.— Sir 
F.  Thesiger  moved  an  amendment  in  the 
preamble,  changing  the  words  ''  brief  and 
rescript**  into  "  briefs  and  rescripts."  His 
design  was  to  make  the  bill  effectual  as  a 
protection  against  future  aggressions  as 
well  as  a  protest  against  the  past.  The 
House  divided — For  the  amendment,  135  ; 
against,  100;  majority,  35.  Two  follow- 
ing amendments,  included  in  the  first, 
were  agreed  to  without  division.  A  fourth 
amendment  was  then  moved,  by  which  the 
penalties  were  extended  so  as  to  include 
all  persons  who  should  procure  from  Rome, 
or  publish  in  Eneland  any  bull  or  rescript 
by  which  archbishops  or  bishops  were 
constituted  under  the  inhibited  titles. — 
Although  the  S'o/icf7or-(?«iera/ contended 
that  the  Bill  was  better  as  it  stood,  and 
the  vigour  supposed  to  be  added  to  it  by 
Sir  F.  Thesiger's  alteratioQi  was  entirely 
delusive,  this  amendment  was  carried  by 
165  to  I09.--Lord  /.  ButHll  then  pott- 
poned  to  the  third  retding  Uf  oppo^on 


to  the  fifth  amendment,  by  which  common 
informers  were  allowed  to  lay  informa- 
tions for  offences  created  under  the  Bill. 

June  30.  On  the  motion  for  going  into 
Committee  on  the  Customs  Bill,  Mr.  T, 
Barina  moved  an  amendment,  that  the 
committee  be  instructed  to  make  provi- 
vision  for  preventing  the  admixture  of 
Chicory  with  coffee  by  dealers  in  the 
latter  article. — ^The  Chaneeltor  qfthe  Sm- 
chequer  distinguished  between  deleteriont 
adulteration  and  the  admixture  of  a  htnta- 
less  ingredient  which  enabled  the  con- 
sumer to  obtain  coffee  at  a  cheaper  price, 
and,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  improved 
its  flavour. — Mr.  Wakley  pronounced  the 
question  to  be  simply  whether  the  GU)veni> 
ment  were  to  sanction,  and  the  House 
countenance,  the  practice  of  dishonesty  ? 
The  House  divided — For  the  resolution, 
122  ;  against,  199. 

Mr.  Duraeiif  upon  the  motion  for  the 
committal  of  the  Inhabited  House  Duty 
Bill,  moved  as  an  amendment,  "  that,  con- 
sidering the  limited  surplus  of  two  millioni 
announced  by  the  Chancellor  of  the  Ex- 
chequer on  the  national  revenues ;  con- 
sidering that  five  and  a  half  millions  of 
income  are  drawn  from  the  income  and 
property  tax,  which  has  been  renewed 
only  for  a  year,  and  submitted  to  the  coa<- 
sideration  of  a  select  committee ;  and  con- 
sidering the  provisional  state  in  which  the 
revenue  was  thus  left,  it  appears  to  the 
House  more  consistent  with  the  mainte- 
nance of  public  credit  and  the  interests  of 
the  public  service,  to  abstain  from  making 
any  serious  sacrifice  of  revenue  by  effect- 
ing changes  in  other  branches  of  taxation, 
which  might  otherwise  have  been  con- 
sidered beneficial.''    Negatived  by  S43  to 

ISC". 

Julu  I.  The  Marquess  of  Blandford 
moved  an  address  to  toe  Queen,  praying 
Her  Majesty's  gracious  consideration  to 
the  Spiritual  Destitution  existing 
throughout  England  and  Wales,  with  the 
view  of  finding  means  whereby  the  spiritual 
wants  of  the  people  could  be  supplied, 
and  the  parochial  system  be  extended  to 
a  degree  corresponding  with  the  growtii 
of  the  population. — Sir  O.  Grey  declared 
himself  willing  to  assent  to  the  motion, 
with  the  understanding  that  the  Govern- 
ment was  not  thereby  pledged  to  introduce 
any  legislative  measure. — Agreed  to. 

July  2.  Mr.  /.  Bell  moved  the  second 
reading  of  the  Pharmacy  Bill.  This 
measure,  as  explained  by  the  hon.  mem* 
ber,  was  designed  to  organise  a  system  of 
examination,  to  which  all  pharmiiceutieil 
chemists  were  to  be  subjected,  so  that  tto 
man  might  undertake,  without  proving 
himself  to  be  properly  qualUled,  the  rt- 
sponsible  botiness  of  preparing  and  die- 
pensiiig  chemical  preiwriptima.    Mr  0. 


1851.] 


Foreign  New$. 


181 


€hrey  allowed  the  Bill  to  be  read  a  second 
time,  en  the  understanding  that  it  was  not 
to  be  further  proceeded  with  this  year. 

Jufy  3.  The  third  reading  of  the  Oath 
or  ABjomATioN  (Jews)  BUI  having  been 
moved,  Sir  R,  H.  Inglis  renewed  his  pro- 
test against  the  Bill.  Mr,  Newdegate 
Mir.  Hbdggont  Mr.  Plumpiret  and  3ir. 
HenUg  briefly  opposed  the  Bill,  but  it  was 
read  a  third  time,  and  passed,  without  a 
division. 

Lord  /.  Ruuell  explained  the  features 
of  the  Woods  and  Forests  Bill.  The 
Board  of  Public  Works  was  to  be  made 
altogether  distinct  from  the  office  of 
Woods  and  Forests.  The  House  went 
into  Committee  on  the  Bill,  and  passed 
various  clauses. 

JtUg  4.  The  Eccuesiastical  Titles 
Bill  was  read  the  third  time  without  divi- 
9ion. — Lord  /.  Russell  said  it  was  not  his 
intention  to  propose  any  amendment  in 
^e  preamble  as  it  now  stood,  or  in  the 
first  clause. — The  noble  lord  then  moved 
an  amendment  by  which  the  penalties 
introduced  by  Sir  F.  Thesiger  were  with- 
drawn from  parties  concerned  in  procu- 
ring from  Rome,  or  publishing  in  Eng- 
land, papal  bulls  and  rescripts.  The 
house  divided — For  Lord  J.  Russell's 
amendment,  139 ;  against  it,  208 :  ma- 
jority in  favour  of  retaining  Sir  F.  Thesl- 
ger's  clauses,  79. — Lord  /.  Russell  then 
moved  the  omission  of  the  words  by 
which  the  initiative  of  proceedings  under 
the  bill  was  placed  within  the  power  of 
common  informers.  On  a  division,  this 
amendment  was  negatived  by  175  votes 
to  124. — Another  division  followed  imme- 
diately on  the  question  that  the  bill  do 
pass.  There  appeared — Ayes,  263 ;  noes, 
46 :  majority,  217. — On  the  question  of 
title,  Mr.  Grattan  moved  as  an  amend- 
ment that  the  bill  be  thus  intituled :  "  An 
Act  to  prevent  the  free  exercise  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  Religion  in  Ireland.'' 
Negatived  without  a  division. 

Julg  8.  Lord  R.  Grotvenor  moved  for 
leave  to  reintroduce  the  bill  of  last  year 
to  repeal  the  Attornbyb'  and  Solici- 
tors' annual  certificate  duty. — The  Chan- 
cellar  of  the  Exchequer  said  it  was  his 
painful  duty  to  resist  the  motion.  It 
would   be  most  unwise  for  the  House  to 


pledge  itself  to  sacrii^ee  2SO,000l.  a-year. 
Upon  a  division  the  motion  was  earried 
against  the  government  by  162  to  ISt, 
and  leave  was  given  to  bring  in  the  bilL 

Mr.  H,  Berkeley  moved  for  leave  to 
bring  in  a  bill  for  the  protection  of  Par- 
liamentary  electors  by  taking  votes  by 
BALLOT.  He  asked  how  a  system  could 
be  said  to  work  well  which  deterred  one- 
third  of  the  electors  from  recording  their 
votes;  which  gave  to  certain  peers  the 
power  of  returning  98  members  of  that 
House  by  direct  interference,  and  coerced 
agricultural  voters  into  an  electoral  flock 
of  sheep  ? — ^The  motion  was  carried  by  87 
to  50. 

Mr.  Scully  moved  a  resolution  that,  to 
lighten  the  poor  rate  in  Ireland,  it  is  ex- 
pedient to  facilitate  the  employment  of 
the  inmates  of  Workhouses  in  repro- 
ductive labour,  so  as  to  make  those  esta- 
blishments self-supporting. — Negatived  by 
64  to  42. 

July  9.  On  the  order  for  the  second 
reading  of  the  Home-made  Spirits  in 
Bond  Bill,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Esche^ 
quer  stated  that  his  objections  to  the  Bill 
were  insuperable.  The  effect  of  changing 
the  law  would  be  loss  to  the  revenue,  a 
facility  to  fraud,  and  would  give  to  Scotch 
and  Irish  spirits  an  unfair  advantage  over 
those  of  England. — Mr.  Bramsttm  consi- 
dered that  the  Bill  would  violate  the  com- 
promise of  1848,  and  moved  that  it  bo 
read  a  second  time  that  day  three  months. 
— The  House  having  divided,  the  second 
reading  was  negatived  by  194  against  166 ; 
so  the  Bill  is  lost. 

July  10.  Mr.  Hume  moved  an  address 
to  the  Crown,  praying  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Royid  Commisuon  to  inquire 
into  ^e  proceedings  of  Sir  James  Brooks 
on  the  north-western  coast  of  Borneo,  and 
especially  into  the  attack  made,  under  his 
advice  and  direction,  upon  the  Sakarran 
and  Sarebas  Dyaks  on  the  31st  of  July, 
1849  ;  and  further  that  Her  Majesty 
woidd  command  that  the  opinion  of  the 
Judges  be  taken  and  laid  before  the  Houst 
touching  the  legality  of  the  holding  by 
Sir  James  at  the  same  time  of  certain 
apparently  incompatible  offices.  Nega- 
tived by  230  to  19. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


RUSSIA. 

The  arms  of  the  Czar  have  again  suffered 
defeat  from  the  prowess  of  the  wild  tribes 
who  defend  the  passes  of  the  Caucasus. 
Mohamed  Emir,  the  naib  (or  lieutenant) 
of  Sheik  ChemU,  at  the  head  of  25,000  of 


the  Abebjeks,  and  other  independent  tribes 
of  the  Western  Caucasus,  attacked  the  en- 
trenchments of  the  Chenis,  and  drove  the 
Russian  troops,  under  the  command  of 
General  Cerebrianoff,  beyond  Themer* 
The  Russians  suffered  so  severely  that  aU 


184 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Aug. 


the  spare  waggons  of  the  army  were  barely 
sufficient  to  carry  their  wounded  away ; 
their  loss  is  calculated  at  5,000  in  killed 
and  prisoners.  The  mountaineers  are 
well  supplied  with  ammunition  and  arms, 
and  ready  to  continue  the  war  against  the 
invaders  of  their  homes  throughout  the 
summer  season. 

On  the  29th  May,  O.S.  (llth  June), 
an  extensive  conflagration  occurred  in  the 
city  of  Archangel.  The  foreign  merchants' 
quarter  was  almost  entirely  consumed,  and 
150  houses,  extending  over  a  length  of  two 
yersts  (H  miles),  were  destroyed.  The 
habitations  of  the  poor  have  this  time  been 
spared.  Their  part  of  the  town  was  burnt 
to  the  ground  only  three  years  ago.  Arch- 
angel is  built  almost  entirely  of  wood.  Of 
the  direction  of  the  consumed  streets  not 
a  vestige  remains.     No  lives  were  lost. 

NAPLES. 

The  Official  Journal  of  the  Two  Sicilies 
publishes  a  statistical  account  of  the  po- 
pulation of  Naples  to  the  1st  Jan.  1851. 
The  total  number  of  inhabitants  amounts 
to  416,475  souls,  viz.  — 203,483  males 
and  212,992  females.  Naples  contains 
514  coffee-houses,  71  sorbet-shops,  558 
liquorists,  416  inns,  243  furnished  hotels, 
62  restaurants,  166  common  eating-houses, 
793  wine-shops,  400  taverns  and  wine- 
shops, 22  diligences,  155  two-horse  car- 
riages,  213  cabriolets,  six  sedan  chairs, 
and  550  boats. 

SARDINIA. 

A  commercial  treaty  between  Sardinia 
and  Great  Britain  has  been  published. 
It  insures  to  all  the  subjects  of  both  na- 
tions "  the  benefits  derived  under  two 
legislative  acts,  the  one  adopted  in  Eng- 
land on  the  26th  of  June,  1849»  by  a  mo- 
dification of  the  Navigation  Act ;  and  the 
other  in  the  Sardinian  States  on  the  6th 
of  July,  1850,  for  the  abolition  of  differ- 
ential duties."  The  treaty  goes  on  to  say 
that  **  there  shall  be  reciprocal  liberty  of 
commerce  between  the  states  of  the  high 
contracting  parties;  and  the  subjects  of 
each,  in  all  the  extent  of  the  possessions 


of  either,  shall  enjoy  the  same  rights,  pri' 
vileges,  immunities,  and  exemptions  in 
matters  of  commerce  which  the  nations 
enjoy,  or  may  enjoy.''  A  Sardinian  loan 
of  3,600,000/.  has  been  negociated  in 
London  by  Messrs.  C.  J.  Hambro  and 
Son.  The  rate  of  interest  is  5  per  cent, 
and  the  subscription  price  85.  The  inte- 
rest to  commence  from  the  1st  of  June, 
1851.  The  loan  is  stated  to  be  for  the 
completion  of  the  railway  from  Genoa  to 
Turin,  and  from  Genoa  to  the  Lago  Mag- 
giore  towards  Switzerland,  now  in  course 
of  construction,  and  which  will  be  mort- 
gaged as  a  special  security,  in  addition  to 
the  general  revenues  of  the  Government. 

SWITZERLAND. 

The  Federal  Council  of  Switzerland  has 
drawn  up  a  decree  for  the  execution  of 
the  railways  proposed  by  Mr.  Stephenson. 
One  line  is  to  traverse  the  country  from 
the  Lake  of  Constance  to  Geneva,  passing 
by  Zurich.  A  branch  line  is  to  run  from 
this  trunk  line  to  the  Basle  Railway  to 
unite  with  the  German  and  French  lines. 
Another  line  is  to  proceed  from  the  Lake 
of  Constance  to  Coire,  in  the  Grisons,  to 
be  prolonged  afterwards  across  the  Alps 
by  Luckmanier  into  Lombardy.  The  to- 
tal length  of  these  lines  is  to  be  406|^ 
English  miles,  and  the  expense  4,000,000/ 

CALIIORNIA. 

A  terrible  fire  has  occurred  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, laying  in  ashes  property  to  th^ 
amount  of  from  12,000,000  dols.  to 
16,000,000  dols.  Among  the  buildings 
destroyed  are  the  Custom-house  and  seven 
hotels.  Several  houses  had  been  built  of 
iron,  but  were  found  to  afford  no  security, 
as  they  speedily  became  red-hot  and  ig- 
nited their  contents.  The  fire  also  spread 
to  the  shipping,  burning  a  large  number  of 
vessels  lying  at  the  wharves.  Ten  or 
twelve  lives  were  lost.  But  so  earnestly 
did  the  inhabitants  commence  rebuilding, 
that,  within  ten  days  after  the  fire,  680 
houses  were  set  up.  A  great  fire  has  also 
occurred  at  Stockton,  the  loss  from  which 
was  estimated  at  over  1,000,000  dols. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


The  depopulation  of  Ireland  is  very 
fully  demonstrated  by  the  census  returns. 
She  has  not  only  lost  the  gain  she  counted 
in  1841,  or  even  ten  years  before,  but 
actually  fallen  below  her  position  in  1821. 
In  that  year  the  population  of  Ireland 
was  6,800,000.  In  1831  it  had  increased 
^14  per  cent,  and  in  the  next  decade 
the  progress  was  still  5  per  cent,  and 
10 


the  number  of  her  children  in  1841, 
8,175,000.  Famine,  distress,  and  conse- 
quent emigration,  have  reduced  it  to  little 
more  than  six  millions  and  a  half.  Ten 
years  ago  the  inhabited  houses  in  Ireland 
were  more  than  1 ,300,000 ;  they  are  now 
little  more  than  one  million. 

The  population  of  Birmingham  is  re- 
turned at  232,634,  an  increase  of  nearly 


1851.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


185 


50,000  inhabitants,  or  27  per  cent.;  that 
of  Glasgow  at  329,096,  increase  61,633, 
or  23  per  cent.;  that  of  Bradford  at 
103,782,  being  an  increase  of  37,064,  or 
56  per  cent.;  at  York  and  at  Lincoln  the 
increase  is  30  per  cent.;  at  Preston  36  per 
cent;  at  Salford  and  Portsmouth  28, 
Wigan  25,  Hull  23,  Sheffield,  Newcastle- 
on-Tyne,  and  Bolton  22,  Leicester  20, 
Leeds  13,  Nottingham  10. 

June  25.  The  Bishop  of  Exeter  having 
revived  the  long-disused  practice  of  hold- 
ing a  synod  of  the  clergy  of  his  diocese,  it 
assembled  this  day  in  the  Chapter  House 
of  Exeter,  after  divine  service  in  the  ca- 
thedral, and  a  sermon  by  Mr.  Prebendary- 
Hole,  from  1  Tim.  i.  13,  14.  The  pro- 
ceedings were  opened  with  prayer  and  an 
address  from  the  Bishop  :  after  which  a 
declaration  on  the  doctrine  of  baptism  was 
read,  and  its  further  consideration  de- 
ferred to  the  next  day.  Two  declarations 
were  then  adopted,  1 .  Against  secession, 
especially  to  Rome  ;  2.  Against  the  papal 
bishopric  of  Plymouth  and  Romanist  ag- 
gression generally.  On  the  second  day 
the  declaration  on  the  doctrine  of  baptism 
was  unanimously  adopted,  after  the  ad- 
dresses of  several  speakers  had  been  heard. 
On  the  third  day  a  committee  was  no- 
minated to  consider  the  best  means  of 
continuing  pastoral  superintendence  of 
the  young  who  have  left  school.  Resolu- 
tions were  further  agreed  to  for  the  resto- 
ration of  a  permanent  order  of  deacons, 
for  the  employment  of  the  laity  in  the 
Church's  work,  yet  so  as  not  to  trans- 
gress the  discipline  of  the  Church  ;  for 
the  observance  of  the  Rubric  which  enjoins 
daily  morning  and  evening  prayer,  the  ob- 
servance of  holydays,  and  the  administra' 
tion  of  the  holy  communion  on  Ascension 
Day.  The  proceedings  were  then  brought 
to  a  close. 

July  3.  The  town  of  Ipswich,  being  the 
scene  of  the  meeting  of  the  British  As- 
sociation for  the  Promotion  of  Science 
(of  which  we  have  given  some  account  in 
another  page,)  was  honoured  with  a  visit 
from  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert.  He  was 
received  in  a  reception  tent  at  the  Ipswich 
terminus  by  the  mayor  and  corporation^ 
and  received  an  address  read  by  the  Re- 
corder :  after  which  he  was  conducted  in 
procession  to  the  Town  Hall  and  sub- 
sequently visited  the  several  sections  of 
the  Association.  He  went  to  dine  at 
Shrubland  Park,  the  seat  of  Sir  William 
Middleton,  Bart.  The  next  day,  after 
again  visiting  some  of  the  sections  H.R.H. 
proceeded  to  the  Museum, — the  success- 
ful formation  of  which  has  mainly  con- 
tributed to  bring  the  Association  to  Ips- 
wich. An  address  was  read  by  Professor 
Henslow  the  President,  and  the  Prince 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVL 


consented  to  become  the  Patron  of  the 
institution.  His  Royal  Highness  at  three 
o'clock  proceeded  to  lay  the  foundation 
stone  of  one  of  the  towers  of  the  new 
grammar  school  of  Ipswich.  It  bore  the 
following  inscription: — *' Schola  Regia 
Gipovicensis,  fundata  regnante  Elisa,  A*S. 
MDLXV.  denuo  extructa,  sub  auspiciis 
Principis  illustrisimi  ALBERTI,  de  Saze 
Coburg  et  Gotha,  regnante  Victoria,  A.S. 
MDCCCLI."  His  Royal  Highness  re- 
turned by  train  to  London  before  six 
o'clock. 

July  9.  Her  Majesty  honoured  with 
her  presence  a  Ball  given  by  the  City  of 
London  at  Guildhall,  in  celebration  of  the 
Great  Exhibition  of  the  Industry  of  AU 
Nations.  ■  The  public  buildings  through- 
out the  city  were  illumfnated,  as  were  a 
large  proportion  of  the  private  houses  in 
the  line  of  procession.  The  Royal  Ex- 
change displayed  in  white  lamps  the  in- 
scription it  bears  on  its  pediment :  "  The 

EARTH  IS  THE  LoRD'S  AND  THE  FULL- 
NESS THEREOF.''  The  Queen  arrived  at 
Guildhall  shortly  before  ten.  H.R.H. 
Prince  Albert  wore  his  uniform  as  Cap- 
tain-General and  Colonel  of  the  Hon. 
Artillery  Company.  The  ancient  clypt 
was  fitted  up  for  the  supper:  and  was 
lighted  with  gas  proceeding  from  the 
spear-heads  of  figures  arrayed  in  armour, 
brought  from  the  Tower  of  London.  The 
hall  was  adorned  with  much  taste  and 
elegance,  for  the  ball-room  and  the  other 
apartments  were  adorned  with  sculpture 
lent  for  the  occasion  by  Messrs.  Fleed, 
Baily,  and  Ijough.  The  Lord  Mayor  has 
since  received  a  Baronetcy,  and  the  two 
Sheriffs  the  honour  of  Knighthood. 

July  12.  The  Royal  Commissioners  of 
the  Great  Exhibition,  with  the  Executive 
Committee,  and  a  large  party  of  dis- 
tinguished foreigners,  were  entertained 
on  board  the  American  steamer  Atlantic, 
at  Liverpool,  at  the  expense  of  William 
Brown,  esq.  M.P.  for  South  Lancashire. 

The  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of 
Great  Britain  has  held  its  annual  meeting 
at  Windsor  from  the  14th  to  the  18th  of 
July.  The  show-yard  and  pavilion  were 
formed,  by  the  gracious  permission  of  her 
Majesty  and  Prince  Albert,  in  the  Home 
Park,  immediately  below  the  slopes  and 
terraces  of  Windisor  Castle.  The  show 
of  cattle,  &c.,  numbering  1,200  entries,  is 
said  to  have  been  superior  to  any  former 
exhibition.  The  usual  show  of  imple- 
ments was  omitted,  being  already  formed 
in  the  Crystal  Palace.  Two  thousand 
guests  met  at  the  Grand  Pavilion  dinner. 
The  Duke  of  Richmond  presided,  and  Lord 
Portman  acted  as  Vice-President.  His 
Royal  Highness  Prince  Albert  was  present, 
and  delivered  a  very  excellent  address. 

2B 


166 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

June  23.  John  Cowan,  esq.  (Solicitor-Gen. 
for  Scotland,)  to  be  one  of  the  Lords  of  Session, 
and  one  of  the  Lords  of  Justiciary  in  Scotland. 

June  25.  Lambert  de  Nieuwerkerk,  esq.  to 
be  Assistant  Receiver-General  of  Berbice. — 
William  Carman,  esq.  to  be  Clerk  of  the  Pleas 
in  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Brunswick. 

June  27.  7th  Drag.  Gaards,  Capt.  A.  C. 
Bentinck  to  be  Major.— 6tb  Foot,  Major-Gen. 
H.  J.  Riddell  to  be  Colonel.— 2 1st  Foot,  Lieut- 
Col.  E.  Thorp,  from  44tb  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel.— 25th  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  S.  Schons- 
war.  from  5th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. — 
60th  Foot,  Assist.-Surgeon  B.  Nicholson,  M.D., 
from  the  Staff,  to  be  Assistant  Surgeon. — 
Staff,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  R.  Young,  25th  Foot,  to  be 
Fort  Miyor  at  Fort  George,  Inverness. 

June  28.  George  Deas,  esq.  Advocate,  to  be 
Solicitor- General  for  Scotland.— Thomas  Mac- 
kenzie, esq.  Advocate,  to  be  Sheriff  of  Ross 
and  Cromarty,  vice  Deas. 

July  4.  Charles  Livio,  esq.  to  be  Consul  at 
Wiborg.- Alexander  M'Crae,  esq.  to  be  Chief 
Postmaster  of  Victoria. 

Julff  8.  Royal  Artillery,  Major-Gen.  R.  J.  J. 
Lacy  to  be  Colonel-Commandant. — 35th  Foot, 
Major  J.  Fraser  to  be  Lieut.-Col.;  Capt.  J. 
Tedlie  to  be  Major. 

Jtdy  9.  Edward  Francis  Maitland,  esq.  Ad- 
vocate, to  be  Sheriff  of  Argyll. 

July  11.  Charles  Romiily,  esq.  to  be  Clerk 
of  the  Crown  in  Chancery,  vice  Charles-Ed- 
ward Earl  of  Cottenham,  resigned.- 8th  Foot, 
Surgeon  F.  C.  Annesley,  from  21st  Foot,  to  be 
Surgeon,  vice  Surgeon  J.  C.  G.  Tice,  M.D.  who 
exchanges.- 49th  Foot,  Major  J.  R.  Raines, 
ft-om  9olh  Foot,  to  be  Major,  vice  Major  J.  W. 
Smith,  who  exchanges.— 2d  West  India  Regt. 
Capt.  R.  Elliott  to  be  MiTior. 

July  12.  The  Right  Hon.  John  Musgrove, 
of  Speldhurst,  Kent,  and  Russell-square,  Mid- 
dlesex, Lord  Mayor  of  London,  created  a 
Baronet. 

July  15.  Jane  Marchioness  of  Ely  to  be 
one  of  the  Ladies  of  the  Bedchamber  in  Or- 
dinary to  Her  Majesty,  vice  Lady  Portman, 
resigned.— Emma  Lady  Portman  to  be  Extra 
Lady  of  the  Bedchamber  to  Her  Majesty. 

July  16.  Major  Thomas  Middleton  Biddulph 
to  be  Master  of  Her  Majesty's  Household,  vice 
Bowles,  res.— Major-Gen.  George  Bowles  to 
be  Lieutenant  of  Her  Majesty's  Tower  of 
London. 

July  17.  Charles- William  Earl  of  Sefton  to 
be  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Custos  Rotulorum  of 
the  county  palatine  of  Lancaster.— Knighted, 
Robert  Walter  Carden,  esq.  and  George  Ed- 
mund Hodgkinson,  esq.  Sheriffs  of  London 
and  Middlesex. 

July  18.  3Ist  Foot.  Staff-Sunreon  of  the 
Second  Class  J.  B.  St.  Croix  Crosse  to  be 
Surgeon.— Unattached,  Miyor  C.  A.  Arney, 
from  58th  Foot,  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

July  21.  Royal  Engineers,  Lieut.-Col.  T. 
Blanshard  to  be  Colonel ;  brevet  Major  H.  P. 
Wulff  to  be  Lieut.-Colonel. 

July  22.  Maior-Gen.  George  Bowles,  late 
Master  of  Her  Majesty's  Household,  and  now 
Lieutenant  of  Her  Majesty's  Tower  of  London, 
to  be  K.C.B. 


pointed  Colonial  Secretary  in  Van  Diemett's 
Land ;  H.  Falconer,  esq.  is  appointed  Colonial 
Secretary  in  Western  Australia;  Mr.  J.  BeU  is 
appointed  Crown  Solicitor  for  Western  Aus- 
tralia. 

Robert  Ball,  esq.  Treasurer  to  the  Royal 
Irish  Academy,  has  been  M)pointed  Secretary 
to  the  Queen's  University  in  Ireland. 


Members  returned  to  serve  in  Parliameni. 

Jrttnde/.— Right  Hon.  Edward  Stnitt. 
Baf  A.— George  Treweeke  Scobell,  esq. 
6reenuneh.--Mr.  Alderman  Salomons. 
Knaretborough. — ^Thomas  Collins,  esq. 
Scarborough.— <ieoTj^Q  Fred.  Young,  esq. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Vice-Adm.  the  Hon.  Joceline  Percy,  C.B.  to 
be  Commander-in-Chief  at  Sheerness. 

Rear-Adm.  William  Willmott  Hendersoui 
C.B..  K.H.  to  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
Soutn-East  Coast  of  America. 

App<rintmeni9 :  CommanderW.  F.Fead(1845), 
to  command  the  Express,  6,  at  Devonportt 
Commander  Alan  H.  Gardner  (1848),  to  the 
Waterwitch,  8, at  Chatham;  Commander  W.  F. 
Burnett  (1846),  to  the  Queen,  116,  flag-ship 
of  Sir  William  Parker,  Bart.  G.C.B.;  Com- 
mander G.  H.  Gardner,  additional,  to  Retri- 
bution; Commander  W.  H.  Hall  to  Styx.— 
Commodore  William  Fansbawe  Martin  and 
Capt.  Frederick  William  Beechey,  F.R.S.  (1827)> 
to  oe  Naval  Aide-de-Camps  to  the  Queen. 

To  be  Captain:  Commodore  Charles  F. 
Schomberg  (1844.) 

To  be  Commanders:  Lieut.  Rocbford  Maguire 
(1840);  Augustus  C.  May  (1888),  late  first  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Wellesley,  12;  Willoughby  J. 
Lake  (1840),  late  flag  Lieutenant  to  Rear-Adm. 
Fanshawe,  C.B. 

July  1.  Adm.  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  G.  Cock- 
burn,  G.C.B.  to  be  Admiral  of  the  Fleet.— 
Rear-Adms.  Lord  Radstock,  C.B.  and  the  Earl 
of  Cadogan,  C.B.  to  be  Vice  Admirals  of  the 
Blue.— By  the  same  gazette  six  Admirals, 
two  Vice-Admirals,  ana  two  Rear-Admirals  are 
placed  on  reserved  half-pay,  with  an  addi* 
tional  yearly  pension  of  150/.,  as  provided  by 
Order  in  Council  of  the  25th  June  last ;  and 
forty  other  flag  oflScers  are  placed  on  the  re- 
tired list ;  so  that  the  active  list  is  now  per- 
manently reduced  to  the  following  numbers : 
Admirals  of  the  Fleet  2 :  Admirals  27  (instead 
of  30) ;  Vice-Admirals  27  (instead  of  45) ;  Rear- 
Admirals  51  (instead  of  75). 

July  8.  Vice-Adm.  Richard  Curry,  C.B.  to 
be  Admiral  on  the  reserved  half-pay  list :  Vice- 
Adm.  Sir  John  Wentworth  Loring,  K.CB. 
K.C.H.  to  be  Admiral  of  the  Blue;  I&ar-Adm. 
Sir  Edward  Tucker,  K.C.B.  to  be  Vice-Adm. 
of  the  Blue ;  Capt.  Sir  John  Ross,  C.B.  to  be 
Rear-Adm.  on  the  reserved  half-pay  list ;  Capt. 
Sir  James  Stirling  to  be  Rear-Admiralof  tDt 
Blue.— To  be  retired  Rear-Admirals  on  tbe 
terms  proposed  Sept.  1,  1846:  Capt.  B.  Bar- 
nard, Capt.  W.  B.  Dashwood,  Capt.  M.  White, 
Capt.  J.  Cookesley,  Capt.  C.  G.  R.  Phillott, 
Capt.  W.  Wolrige. 


The  Earl  of  Mulgrave  is  appointed  Comp- 
troller of  H.  M.  Household. 

H.  S.  Chapman,  esq.  one  of  the  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court  of  New  Zealand,  is  ap- 


ECCLESIASTICAL  PREFERMENTS. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  L.  Neville,  Heydon  R.  and 

Little  Chisball  R.  Essex. 
Rev.  W.  AUford,  Tintinhull  P.C.  8om«rsst. 


1851.] 


Ecclesiastical  Pr^fsrments — Births, 


187 


Ser.  ft.  AtthilLMiddlehAm  Collegiate  Church. 

Bev.  W.  AtthflL  Horaeford  V.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  F.  Baflfot,  Ptebend  of  Holoombe  in  Wells 

Cathedral. 
Bey.  S.  M.  Barkworth,  St  John  P.C.  Wal- 

thamstow,  Bsaex. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Beaumont,  Poag:hiU  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  S.  H.  Braham,  Peldoo  R.  Essex.* 
Rev.  G.  Braithwaite,  St.  Peter-the-Great  V. 

Chichester. 
Rev.  R.  N.  D.  Brown,  St.  James  P.C.  Ber- 

mondsey,  Sorrey. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Cartwrifht,  Winterbonrne-Earls 

P.C.  Wilts. 
Rev.  R.  Chichester,  MofT  P.C.  Donoral. 
Rev.  G.  P.  G.  Cosserat,  Winfrith-Newborgh 

R.  w.  West-Lulworth  C.  and  Burton  C  Dors. 
Rev.  H.  Dale,  East-Stoke  V.  w.  Coddington  C. 

Syerston  C.  and  Elston  C.  Notts. 
Rev.  C  Dickenson,  Narrag[hmore  R.  Kildare. 
Rev.  J.  Diz,  All-Hallows,  Bread  Street  w.  St. 

John-the-Evangelist  R.  London. 
Rev.  H.  A.  Dixon,  St.  Anne  V.  Wandsworth, 

Surrey.t 
Rev.  W.  Earee,  Setmurthy  P.C.  Cumberland. 
Rev.  G.  S.  Elwin,  Hawkinge  R.  Kent. 
Rev.  C.  S.  Escott,  Leominster  V.  Herefordsh. 
Rev.  D.  Evans,  Aberavon  V.  w.  Baglan  V.Glam. 
Rev.  J.  Evans,  Crickhowel  R.(sinecttre)  Brecon. 
Rev.  G.  Bvezard,  St.  James  P.C.  St.  Mary- 

lebone. 
Rev.  G.  H.  Fell,  Goring  P.C.  Oxfordshire. 
Rev.  T.  B.  Ferns,  Corscombe  R.  Dover. 
Rev.  W.  Fits-Gerald,  St.  Anne  V.  Dublin. 
Rev.  H.  Gilder,  St.  Peter  R.  Sandwich,  Kent. 
Rev.  G.  M  Goald,  Chillington  P.C.  Somerset. 
Rev.  L.  H.  Gray,  Christ  Church  PC.  Plymouth. 
Rev.  J.  Harding,  Bishopric  of  Bombay. 
Rev.  W.  Harley,  Steventon  V.  Berks. 
Rev.  J.  Harrison,  Horton  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  R.  K.  Haslehurst,  Alrewas  V.  Staffordsh. 
Rev.  W.  A.  Hill,  Afternoon  Lectureship  St. 

Barnabas,  South  Kennington,  Lambeth. 
Rev.  J.   Hughes,    Uanvihangel-Cwm-du   R. 

(sinecure)  Brecon. 
Rev.   —  Jenkins,    Michaelstone-y-Vedw   R. 

Glamorganshire  and  Monmouthshire. 
Rev.  C.  F.  Johnson,  Seavington  St.  Mary  P.C. 

Somerset. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Knott,  St.  Saviour's  V.  Leeds. 
Rev.  H.  Knowles,  St.  Martin  PC.  Wilts. 
Rev.  C.  S.  Lawrence,   Ash-Priors   P.C.  and 

Cothelstone  P.C.  Somerset. 
Rev.  R.  H.  Low,  Oran  Prebend,  dio.  Elphin. 
Rev.  T.  M.  Macdonald,  Holy  Trinity  P.O.  Not- 
tingham. 
Rev.  £.  Mansfield,  Holy  Innocents  P.C.  High- 

nam,  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  G.  Martin,  DD.  St.  Breward  V.  Cornwall. 
Rev.C-  Maxwell,  Lower-Badoney  R.  dio.  Derry. 
Rev.  T.  R.  Mayhew,  Darsham  v.  and  Dunwich 

P.C.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  W.  Meade.  Binegsr  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  J.  Molloy,  Castle- Blakeney  R.  and  V. 

dio.  Elphin. 
Rev.  W.  Norval,  Ickleford  R.  Herts. 
Rev.  W.  S.  Parish.  Cherry-Hinton  V.  Camb. 
Rev.  E.  Parry,  Surfleet  P.C.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  G.  W.  Pearse,  Walton  R.  Bucks. 
Rev.  G.  Phillimore,  Radnage  R.  Bucks. 
Rev.  J.  H.  PoUexfen,  St.  Runwald  R.Colchester. 
Rev.  C.  Kawlins.  Chaddesden  P.C.  Derbyshire. 
Rev.  J.  Reece.  Braithwell  V.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  G.  A.  Rogers,  Regent  Square  P.C.  St. 

Pancras,  Middlesex. 
Rev.  E.  Scriven,  St.  Luke  P.C.  Clifford,  Yorksh. 
Rev.  T.  Sedger,  Rusland  P.C.  Lancashire. 


Rev.  A.  P.  Stanley,  Canonry  in  Canterbury 

Cathedral. 
Rev.  R.  Stanley.  Barlinjn  P.C.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  D.  D.  Stewart,  Croydon   New  Church 

P.C.  Surrey. 
Rev.  G.  W.  Stuart,  Drumachose  R.  dio.  Derry. 
Rev.  R.  Surtees,  St.  Augustine  V.  Bristol. 
Rev.  G.  Thomas,  St.  Philip  P.C.  Leeds. 
Rev.A.H.P.Trewman,  North  PethertonV.  Som. 
Rev.  J.  West,  D.D.  Archdeaconry  of  Dublin 

w.  St.  Peter  V.  Dnblin,  and  St.  Mary  P.C. 

Don  ny  brook. 
Rev.  G.  Wilicock,  West-Mersea  V.  Essex. 

To  Chaplainciea. 

Rev.  C.  L.  Bell,  H.M.  ship  Vengeance. 

Rev.  V.  Blake,  Lord  High  Commissioner  of 
the  Ionian  Isles. 

Rev.  T.  Bourne,  Hinckley  Union,  Leic. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Bushnell,  Earl  of  Romney. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Bussell,  H.M.  ship  Trafalgar. 

Rev.  J.  Ford,  Maidstone  Gaol. 

Rev.  H.  J.  Hatch,  New  County  Gaol,  Wands- 
worth, Surrey. 

Rev.E.S.PheIps,  H.  M.  Dockyard,  Portsmouth. 

Rev.  A.  Watson,  H.M.  ship  Britannia. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Wrenford,  Roger  Edwards'  Alms- 
houses, Llangeview,  Monmouthshire. 

Rev.  R.  Yerburgh,  Carr's  Hospital,  Sleaford, 
Lincolnshire. 

Collegiate  and  Scholaatic  Appointmenta. 

R.   Ball.  LL.D.  Secretary  to   the   Board   of 

Queen's  Colleges,  Ireland. 
Rev.  H.  Day,  second  Mastership,  Abingdon 

Grammar  School,  Berks. 
Rev.  H.  S.  Fagan,  Head  Mastership  of  Burton- 

upon-Trent  Grammar  School. 
J.  E.  Farbrother,  Mastership  of  Sbepton-Mal- 

lett  Grammar  School. 
Rev.  W.  Hodgson,  Mastership  of  Streatham 

School,  Streatham  Common,  Surrey. 
Rev.  J.  Jackson,  Mastership  of  Butterwick 

Grammar  School,  Lincolnshire. 
J.  G.  Lees,  B.A.  Mastership  of  St.  Peter's 

School,  York. 
Rev.  H.  H.  Olver,  Second  Mastership  of  Kings- 
bridge  Grammar  School,  Devon. 
Rev.  M.  H.  Simpson,  Mastership  of  Ledsham 

Grammar  School,  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  £.  J.  Smith,  Mastership  of  Wantage 

Grammar  School,  Berks. 
Rev.  M.  Thomas,  Secretary  of  the  Colonial 

Church  and  School  Society. 
Rev.  W.  G.  Tucker,  Missionary  Station  at 

Toronto,  Canada. 
Rev.  W.  P.  Walsh,   Visitiny  Secretary  tor 

Ireland  to  the  Church  Missionary  Society. 


*  The  Rev.  William  Spencer  Harris  Braham 
has  since  assumed  by  royal  licence  the  name 
of  Meadows  in  lieu  of  Braham. 

t  During  the  sequestration  of  the  incum- 
bent. 


BIRTHS. 

Maif  17.  At  the  Bishop's  palace,  Calcutta, 
the  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Blomfield,  a  son. 

June  1.    At  Ashby  lodge,  Northamptonshire, 

the  wife  of  Henry  Arnold,  esq.  a  son. S.  At 

Exeter,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Suo-dean  Stephens, 

a  son. 9.    At  St.  James's  place,  the  wife  or 

Ralph  Neville,  esq.  a  son. 10.    At  Writtle, 

Essex,  the  wife  of  J.  A.  Hardcastle,  esq.  M.P. 

a  dau. At  Sandgate,  the  wife  of  Francis 

Daniel  Tyssen,  esq.  a  dau. 13.    At  Bordes- 

ley  park,  Wore  the  wife  of  Richard  Hemming, 

esq.  a  son  and  heir. 18.    At  Spondon,  near 

Derby,  the  wife  of  F.  Arkwrlght,  esq.  a  dan. 

ao.    At  Womersley  park,  Yorkshire,  Lady 

Hawke,  a  dau. 21.    At  Lowndes  so.  the 

C'tess  of  March,  a  dau. 2S.    In  Guildford 

street.  Lady  Pollock,  a  son. Mrs.  Yarde,  of 

Trebridge  house,  Devon,  a  dau. In  Beau- 

mont-st.  the  wife  of  Sir  George  de  la  Poer 

Beresford,  Bart,  a  son. 34.    At  Gloucester 

place,  Hyde  park,  the  wife  of  J.  R.  Wigram, 
esq.  a  son. 35.    At  Porley,  Berks,  Lady 


188 


Marriages, 


[Aug. 


Hope,  a  son. 37.    At  Dyrham  park,  Herts, 

the  Hon.  Mrs.  Trotter,  a  son. SO.    At  Kem- 

berton  rectory,  Shropshire.  Mrs.  G.  Whit- 
more,  a  dau. The  wife  of  John  Hare,  esq. 

of  Clifton   park,  a   son. At   Malshanger, 

Hants,  the  wife  of  Wyndham  Portal,  esq.  a 
dau. 
July  ] .    In  Orosvenor  terrace,  Viscountess 

Newry,  a  dau. At  Brockton  hall.  Staff,  the 

wife  of  Major  Chetwynd,  a  son. 2.    The 

Lady  Naas,  a  son  and  heir. 3.   In  Arlington 

street,  the  Marchioness  of  Salisbury,  a  son. 

At  Hams,  Warw.  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Adderley, 

a  dau. 4.    In  Wiliiam-st.  Lowndes  square, 

Lady  Nicholson,  a  dau. 5.    At  Ketton  hall, 

near  Stamford,  the  Lady  Burghley,  a  son. 

At  the  house  of  her  father  Samuel  Gurney, 
esq.  the  wife  of  Henry  Ford  Barclay,  esq.  of 

Leytonstone,  a  son. The  wife  of  Henry 

Addenbrooke,  esq.  of  Holly tield,  Warw.  a  dau. 

7.    At  Halkin-st.  West,  Lady  Payne  Gall- 

wey,  a  son. 9.    At  Streatham,  the  wife  of 

Capt.  Drinkwater  Bethune,  R.N.  a  dau. 

12.  At  Carlisle,  Lady  Mary  Hope  Wallace,  a 

dau. AtCatton  hall,  Derbyshire,  the  wife 

of  the  Hon.  R.  Curzon,  jun.  a  son  and  heir. 

13.  At  Weavering,  Kent,  Lady  North,  a  son 
and  heir. 


MARRIAGES. 

May  20.  At  Enfield,  Charles  Handfield 
Jonet,  B.M.  Cantab.  F.R.S.  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  College  of  Physicians,  to  Louisa,  dau. 

of  E.  F.  lK)lt,   esq. At  Newbury,  Berks, 

the  Rev.  Henry  Towry  White^  B.A.  only  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  Hugh  White,  M.A.  of  St. 
Mary's,  Dublin,  to  Gertrude,  fourth  dau.  of 
Jer^  Bunny,  esq. 

21.  At  Bungay,  the  Rev.  H.  P.  Coohetley,  of 
Wimborne  Minster,  to  Eleanor,  fourth  dau.  of 

the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Bewicke. At  Sandall 

Magna,  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Wilktruon,  Curate  of 
SwaflTham  andThrexton,  Norfolk,  to  Louisa- 
Alice,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  Richard  Dunn, 

esq.  of  Belleiield,  Yorksh. At  Smethwick, 

Staff.  John  Henry  Duke,  esq.  of  Malta,  eldest 
son  of  Richard  Duke,  esq.  of  lieckonham,  Kent, 
to  Maria-Mathilde,  eldest  dau.  of  Philip  Henry 

Muntz,  esq. At  Allhallows  Staining  Mark 

lane,  Frederic,  youngest  son  of  Mr.R.S.  Sharpe^ 
Qt  Fenchurch  st.  to  Margaret,  eldest  dau.  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Carroll,  of  South  st.  Finsbury  sq. 

At  Cranbourne,  near  Windsor,  William 

Butler  Lloyd f  esq.  of  the  Whitehall,  Shrews- 
bury, to  Jane-Amelia,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
George  Hunt,  of  Buckhurst,  Berkshire,  and 
Wadenhoe  house,  Northamptonshire. 

22.  At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Capt.  David  James 
Ward,  H.C.S  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Jas.  Ward, 
D.D.  of  Cottishall  hall,  Norfolk,  to  Anna-Maria, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Ellis  Burroughes,  of  the 

Manor  house,    Long  Stratton. At  Elinr, 

Hants,  St.  George  Jjowiher,  esq.  late  of  G9tu 
Regt.  son  of  George  Lowther,  esq.  of  Hampton 
hall,  near  Bath,  to  Mary- Anne- A.-F.  Goluing, 
dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Golding,  esq.  of  Maiden 

Erlegh,  Berks. At  Lopham,  the  Rev.  G.  W. 

Darby t  to  Mary-Anne- Louisa,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
James  Barrow,  Rector  of  Lopham,  Norfolk. 

At  Bath,  the  Rev. Charles  fA.  Arnold,  M.A. 

Minister  of  South  Lambeth  Chapel,  to  Jane, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph  Hay  ward,  esq.  of 

Bath. At  Upminster,  the  Rev.  Edw.  Gepp, 

Vicar  of  High  and  Good  Easter,  to  Eliza-Jemi- 
ma-Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Champion 

Edward  Branfill,  esq.  of  Upminster  hall. At 

St.  James's  Westminster,  the  Rev.  Henry  John 
Ruth,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Rush,  Vicar 
of  Hollington,  to  Elizabeth-Martindale,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Vale,  esq.  of  Hall 
court,  Mathon,  Worcestershire. At  Maryle- 


bone,  Henry  Biiker,  esq.  Comm.R.N.  to  Louisa- 
Kathleen,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Ynyr  Burges, 
esq.  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service,  and  the  Wil- 
derness, Reigate. 

24.  At  St.  Paul's  Covent  garden,  Joseph 
Henry  2io6tii«,esq.  of  Hampton  Wick,  to  Hen- 
rietta-Hulme,  only  dau.  of  George  Beaman, 

esq.  of  King  st.  Covent  garden. At  Brussels, 

Henry  William  Uemneorth,  esq.  of  Shropham 
hall,  Norfolk,  to  Ellen  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Francis  Kemble,  esq.  of  Chesterfield  street. 

26.  At  Etover,  Jasper  Livingstone,  esq.  of  the 
manor  of  Livingstone,  state  of  New  York,  to 
Matilda,  youngest  dau.  of  Sir  John  Morris,  of 

Shelly  park. At  Plymouth,  Wm.  G.  Wood- 

forde,  MB.  of  Bow,  Middlesex,  to  Rosa,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  late  Jonas  Ridout,  esq.  of  Moor- 
town  house.  Whitchurch,  Devon. 

27.  At  Burgh,  Suffolk,  the  Rev.  John  Mon- 
tagu Randall,  Vicar  of  Langham,  Norfolk,  to 
E^anor,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  George 

Francis  Barlow,  Rector  of  Burgh. At  St. 

George's  Hanover  sq.  Lieut.-Col.  Toumley,  to 
Augusta- Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  R.  Keate, 

esq.  of  Hertford  st.  May  fair. At  All  Souls' 

Marylebone,  Edward  T.  Daniell,  esq.  of  Little 
Berkhamstead,  to  Anne-Emma,  second  dau. 

of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  James  Wigram. At 

Clifton,  Freke  Evan*,  esq.  J. P.,  A. B., and  B.L. 
son  of  Eyre  Evans,  esq.  of  Ash  Hill  Towers, 
and  Miltbwn  castle,  Ireland,  to  Julia- Bruce, 
dau.  and  co-heiress  of  the  late  Rev.  D.  Stewart 
Moncrieffe,  A.M.  Rector  of  Loxton,  Som.;  at 
the  same  time,  Henry  Frederick  Evatu,  esq. 
2lst  R.N.B.  Fusiliers,  brother  of  the  above,  to 
Sarah- Ann  Moncrieffe,  sister  of  the  preceding. 

At  Cheltenham,  W.  R.  Williams,  esq.  4th 

Dragoon  Guards,  eldest  son  of  Robert^Vaugban 
Wynne  Williams,  esq.  of  Bedford-pl.  to  Eliza- 
beth-Black well-Campbell,  eldest  dau.  of  Richd. 

Lambert,  esq.  of  Lyston  hall,  Essex. At  St. 

James's  Paadington,  Philip  Williams,  esq. 
Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford,  to  Agnes-Gor- 
don, youngest  dau.  of  Robert  Haviland,  esq. 
of  Gloucester  pi. 

28.  At  Hemcl  Hempsted,  Samuel,  eldest  son 
of  Thomas  Fryer,  esq.  of  Chatteris,  to  Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Daniel  Rosier,  esq.  of 
Hemel  Hempsted  ;  at  the  same  time,  Edwin, 
second  son  of  Thomas  Fryer,  esq.  to  Eliza, 
second  dau  of  the  same. At  Quebec,  Ed- 
ward D.  Ashe,  esq.  Lieut.  R.N.  in  charge  of 
Observatory,  to  Marcella,  eldest  dau.  or  the 
Rev.  Gilbert  Percy,  Incumbent  of  St.  Peter's, 

Quebec. At  St.  Ives,  William  Boliiho,  Jun. 

esq.  of  Penzance,  to  Mary-Hichens,  eldest  dau. 

of  Walter  Yonge,  esq.  of  St.  Ives,  Cornwall 

At  Horncastle,  William  Henry  Oilliat,  esq.  of 
Clapham  park,  Surrey,  eldest  son  of  William 
Gilliat,  esq.  of  Barham  house,  Sussex,  to  Maria, 
dau.  of  Adkin  J.  Gilliat,  esq.  of  Scrafield  house. 

At  St.  Leonard's-on-Sea,  Thomas  Green, 

esq.  barrister-at-law,  to  Laura-Anne,  fourth 

dau.  of  Capt.  Pickering  Clarke,  R.N. At 

Mansfield,  Thomas  Daniel  St.  George  Smiik, 
esq.  solicitor,  of  Derby,  to  Sarah,  dau.  of  the 
late  Francis  Ellis,  esq. 

29.  At  Long  Marston,  James  Fenn  Clarke, 
esq.  surgeon,  to  Sophia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late 
James  Morris,  esq.  of  Magdalen  hall,  Oxford. 

At  York,  J.  G.  Stevenson,  esq.  of  Skelling- 

thorpe,  near  Lincoln,  to  Elizaoeth,  second  dau. 
of  the  late  Michael  Atkinson,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Wyke  Regis,  the  Rev.  Thomas  AfotrAff, 

Assist.  Chaplain  at  Portland,  son  of  Thomas 
Mawkes,  esq.  of  Belper,  to  Ann-Weston- 
Fowler,  onlv  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Flew,  esq.  of  Weymouth. At  Wootton,  Line. 

Patteson  Arthur  Holgate  Gedney,  eaq.  of  Brigg> 
to  Harriott,  only  dau.  of  J.  G.  Staupylton  Smith, 
esq.  Judge  of  the  Lincolnshire  County  Court. 

At  Wendlebury,  Oxoii,  the  Rev.  Henry 

Dampier  Phelps,  Vicar  of  Birling,  Kent,  to 


1851.] 


Marriages. 


189 


Frances-Jane,  daa.  of  the  late  Rev.  Walter 
Brown,  Preb.Canterbury,  and  Rector  of  Stones- 
field. 

Lately.  At  the  British  Embassy,  Brussels, 
William  Henry  Nugent,  esq.  young^est  son  of 
the  late  Christopher  R.  Nugent,  esa.  to  Louisa- 
Grace- Bessy,  Toung^est  dau.  of  the  late  Sir 
John  Gibney,  M.D.  of  Brighton. 

June  2.  At  Paddington,  Edward  Thompson 
David  Uarriton,  esq.  of  Welshpool,  to  Emily- 
Anne-Barlow,  widow  of  Edwara  Deedes,  esa. 
E.I.  Civil  Service,  and  fourth  dau.  of  G.  N. 

Cheek,  esq.  of  Bancoorah. At  Acomb,  near 

York,  the  Rev.  John  Robin,  of  Burnt  Island, 
Fife,  to  Mary-Smith,  dau.  of  Thomas  Allan, 

esq.  of  Edinburgh. At  Dublin,  Capt.  Herbert 

Dawson  Slade,  4th  Light  Dragoons,  to  Har- 
riette- Augusta,  dau.  of  Chichester  Bolton,  esq. 

S.  At  Adbaston,  Staff,  the  Rev.  George  John 
Wild,  of  Norton-on-the-Moors.  Staffordshire, 
to  Florence,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Bright, 

Incumbent  of  Adbaston. At    Edinburgh, 

Archibald  Gordon,  esq.  M.D.  of  95th  Regt.  to 
Magdalene,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 

Ferrier,  esq.  of  Baddinsgill. AtTeddington, 

Capt.  S.  V.  FUtcker,  R.N.  to  Sophia,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Walter  Askell  Venour,  esq. 

Bengal  Med.  Service. Ai  Torquay,  the  Rev. 

Geo.  Carter,  Rector  of  Compton  Beauchamp, 
Berks,  to  Catherine,  dau.  of  the  late  Right 
Hon.  Thos.  P.  Courtenay. —  At  Challacombe, 
Cornwall,  the  Rev.  Glanville  Martin,  of  Otter- 
ham,  to  Harriet-Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the 
late  W.  Carwithen,  DD.  Rector  of  Stoke- 

climsland. At  Stonehouse,  Edwin  Godfrey 

Knight,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Godfrey 
Knight,  esq.  of  Chequerhill,  co.  Galway,  to 
Celia- Henrietta,  fourth  dau.  of  Wm.  Harson 

Bayly,  esq. At  Oxford,  the  Rev.  Campbell 

Woaekoute,  Assistant  Chaplain  at  Bombay, 

Soungest  son  of  Edmond  Wodehouse.   esq. 
I. P.  to  Marianne  Lloyd,  second  dau.  of  Chas. 

late  Lord  Bishop  of  Oxford. At  St.  John's 

Paddington,  John  Brewtter,  esq.  of  Whitby, 
solicitor,  only  son  of  Richard  Brewster,  esq. 
of  Oreatham,  co.  Durham,  to  Olympia-Mary- 
Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  L.  J.  de  la  Chau- 

mette,  esq. At  Northfleet,  George,  son  of 

the  late  Jeremiah  Rosher,  esq.  of  Crete  hall, 
Kent,  to  Mary-Rachel,  eldest  dau.  of  John 

Brenchley,  esq.  of  Worabwell  hall. At  High 

Beach,  Essex,  Major  Hogarth.  C.B.  26th  Regt. 
to  Ellen-Vardon,  youngest  dau.  of  Thomas 
Dawson,  esq.  late  of  Shern  hall,  Walthamstow. 

At  Oakley,  Suffolk,  Philip  Henry  Mickell, 

esq.  late  Capt.  47th  Regt.  to  Caroline,  widow 

of  Richard  Bacon  Frank,  esq.  of  Campsall. 

At  Glasgow,  the  Hon.  Edmund  George  Petre, 
to  Marianne- Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Loraine  M. 

Kerr,  esq. At  St.   James's  Westminster, 

Herman  Ernest  Gallon,  esq.  of  the  50th  Regt. 
third  son  of  J.  Howard  Gallon,  esq.  of  Hadzor, 
Wore,  to  Mary-Cameron,  eldest  dau.  of  Arthur 
Abercromby,  esq.  of  Glassaugh,  Banffshire. 

At  Freehay,  near  Cheadle.  Staffordshire, 

the  Rev.  Thomas  Charlewood,  Vicar  of  Ki- 
noulton,  Notts,  to  Anne- Rosamond,  eldest  dau. 
of  Rear-Adm.  Sneyd,  of  Huntley  hall.  Cheadle. 
At  St.  Michael's  Chester  sq.  Jeffery  Grim- 
wood  Grimwood,  esq.  only  son  of  J.  B.  Cozens, 
esq.  of  Woodham  Mortimer  lodge,  Essex,  to 
Zoe,  youngest  child  of  the  late  Cliarles  Her- 
bert, esq.  barrister-at-law. 

4.  At  Handsworth,  Staff.  Richard  William 
Johnson,  esq.  of  Foxlydiate  house.  Wore,  to 
Sarah-Booth,  eldest  aau.  of  John  Williams, 
esq.  of  the  Friary,  Handsworth. At  Sid- 
mouth,  John,  third  son  of  John  Meitbum, 
M.D.  of  Canada  West,  to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of 

John  L^vien,  esq. At  Torquay,  Alfred  Bal- 

drg,  esq.  of  Gloucester  pi.  Hyde  park  gardens, 
to  Charlotte,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  George 
Whitehead,  esq.   of  Babbicombe. At  St. 


George's  Hanover  sq.  Lieut.-Col.  Eyre  John 
Crabbe,  K.H.  late  of  H.M.  74th  Highlanders, 
and  J. P.  for  the  county  of  Hants,  to  Elmina, 
relict  of  Henry  Spooner,  esq. At  Peters- 
field,  Capt.  G.  R.  Cookton,  of  the  4th  Bengal 
N.I.  Bengal,  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Gen.  George  Cookson,  of  Esber.  Surrey, 
to  Laura,  youngest  dau.  of  James  Whicher, 

esq.  of  Petersfield. At  Shepton,  Lane,  the 

Rev.  Patrick  George  M*Douall,  of  Uffington, 
third  son  of  the  late  Rev.  William  M*Douall, 
Canon  of  Peterborough,  to  Caroline-Jane,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  John  risher,  esq.  of  Measham, 

Derb. At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Rev. 

Richard  Stamper  Philpottf  Curate  of  Epsom, 
to  Mary-Charlotte,  youngest  dau.  of  Richard 

Tattersall,  esq.  of  Hyde  park  comer. At 

Brighton,  the  Rev.  John  Streatfeild,  Rector 
of  Uckfield,  Sussex,  to  Caroline,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Col.  Sawbridge,  of  Olantigb,  Kent. 

5.  At  Broadwater,  James  Alexander  Gor- 
don, esq.  M.D.  of  Burford  lodge,  Surrey,  to 
Elizabetn-Catharine,  eldest  dau.  of  Thomas 

Shaw  Brandretb,  esq.  of  Worthing. At  St. 

Michael's  Pimlico,  Sir  John  PaHngton,  Bart. 
M.P.  of  Westwood  park,  to  Augusta,  dau.  of 
the  late  T.  C.  De  Crespigney.  esq.  and  widow 

of  Col.  Davies.  M.P.of  Elmley  park. At  St. 

Michael's,  Liverpool,  William  Henry  Bain- 
brigae,  esq.  of  Liverpool  and  Woodseat,  Staff, 
to  Emma-Frances,  fourth  dau.  of  Joseph 
Brooks  Yates,  esq.  of  West   Dingle  house, 

Liverpool. At  Bedwortb,  Warw.  Benjamin 

Lancaster,  esq.  of  Chester  terr.  Regent's  pk. 
to  Rosamira,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  BelUurs, 

Rector  of  Bedworth. At  Dublin,  William 

Handt,  esq.  36th  Regt.  M.N.I,  to  Maria- 
Ix)uisa,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Richard  Neville, 

Rector  of  Clonpriest,  Cork. At  Chiding. 

fold,  Surrey.  Henry  Yalden  Knowlet,  esq.  of 
Heath  hall,  Thursley,  to  Emma,  only  dau.  of 

George  Oliver,  esq.  of  Linchmere,  Sussex. 

At  Blyth,  W.  Grieve,  esq.  of  Branxholm  park, 
Roxb.  to  Sarah,  widow  or  J.  D'Arcy  Clark,  esq. 
Barnby  moor,  Notts. At  St.  James's  West- 
minster, Frank,  eldest  son  of  Francis  White, 
esq.  of  East  Retford,  to  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of 
Joseph  Brooke  Hunt,  esq.  of  John  st.  Bedford 

row. At  Southsea,   Westby  -  Hawkshaw, 

eldest  son  of  Westby  Perdval,  esq.  of  Knights- 
brook,  Meath,  and  grandson  of  Major-Gen. 
Hawkshaw,  to  Sarah-Brook,  youngest  dau.  of 
John  Bailey,  esq.  M.D.  of  Brookiands,  near 

Harwich. At    Worthing,  Charles   Henry 

Scott,  esq.  M.D.  to  Eliza-Catherine,  relict  of 
Major  Anderson,  of  Clifton. 

7.  At  St.  James's  Piccadilly,  the  Hon.  Au- 
gustus Vernon,  to  Lady  Harriet  Anson. 

At  Clifton,  Henry,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Charles  Cooper,  esq.  oarnster-at-law.to  Mary, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Palmer,  esq. 

of  Bollitree,  Heref. At  Bradford,  Yorkshire, 

William  Walter  Cannon,  esq.  of  Bolton,  Lan- 
cashire, to  Emma,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  D. 
Walton. 

10.  At  Finchingfield,  Essex,  Lord  Garvagh, 
to  Cecilia-Susan,  dau.  of  John  Ruggles  Brise, 
esq.  of  Spain's  hall,  Essex,  and  Cavendish, 

SuiTolk. At  Hampton,  Matthew  Arnold,  esq. 

eldest  son  of  the  late  Dr.  Arnold,  of  Rugby,  to 
Fanny- Lucy,  third  dau.  of  the  Hon.  Mr.  Jus- 
tice  Wightman. At  Aberford,   the   Rev. 

Richard  G.  Chalk,  M.A.  Rector  of  Wilden, 
Bedfordshire,  to  Julia,  seventh  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  James  Landon,  B.D.  late  Vicar  of  Aber- 
ford.  At  Budleigh,  Salterton,  Wm.  Linde- 

say  Shedden,  esq.  of  Lyndhurst,  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Col.  Shedden,  to  Martha-Sophia, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  S.  M.  Hobson,  esq.  of 

Dublin. At  South  Wraxhall.  Wilts,  James 

Wm.  Cottell,  Lieut.  26th  Bombay  N.I.  to  Eliza- 
beth-Ann, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edw.  W. 
Caulfleld,  of  South  Wraxhall  house. 


190 


OBITUARY. 


The  Earl  of  Derby,  K.G. 

June  30.  At  Knowsley  Park,  Lanca- 
shire, aged  76,  the  Right  Hon.  Edward 
Smith  Stanley,  13th  Earl  of  Derby  (1485), 
lK>rd  Stanley  of  Bickerstaffe  (1832),  and 
a  Baronet  (1627),  K.G.,  Lord  Lieutenant, 
Gustos  Rotillomm,  and  Vice-Admiral  of 
the  coast,  of  Lancashire,  a  Trustee  of  the 
British  Museum,  President  of  the  Zoolo- 
gical Society,  and  F.L.S. 

The  late  Earl  of  Derby  was  born  on  the 
21st  April,  1775,  the  eldest  son  of  Edward 
the  12th  Earl,  and  the  only  son  by  his 
first  wife,  Lady  Elizabeth  Hamilton,  only 
daughter  of  James  sixth  Duke  of  Hamil- 
ton.  He  was  educated  at  Eton,  and  at 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  where  he  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1795. 

At  the  general  election  of  1796,  when 
he  was  just  of  age,  he  was  returned  to 
Parliament  for  the  borough  of  Preston, 
after  a  warm  contest,  in  which  he  polled 
772  votes.  Sir  H.  P.  Hoghton  756,  and 
John  Horrocks,  esq.  742.  He  was  re- 
chosen  without  opposition  in  1802  and 
1806  ;  and  in  1807,  by  1619  votes,  Samuel 
Horrocks,  esq.  polling  1616,  and  Joseph 
Hanson,  esq.  1002. 

In  1812,  on  the  resignation  of  Thomas 
Stanley,  esq.  of  Cross  Hall,  Lord  Stanley 
was  elected  one  of  the  members  for  Lan- 
cashire; which  county  he  continued  to  re- 
present without  a  contest  until  after  the 
enactment  of  Reform  in  1832;  and  was 
then  succeeded  by  his  son. 

He  was  an  efficient  member  of  the 
House  of  Commons,  and  always  a  strenu- 
ous supporter  of  Whig  principles.  So 
early  as  1797  we  find  him  dividing  in  fa- 
vour of  parliamentary  reform. 

In  1832,  (his  father  being  then  still 
^ving,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty,)  in 
order  to  strengthen  the  Whig  ministry  in 
the  House  of  Peers,  Lord  Stanley  was 
called  up  to  that  house,  by  the  title  of 
Baron  Stanley  of  Bickerstaffe, — a  new 
creation,  for  the  ancient  baronies  of  Stan- 
ley and  Strange  of  Knokyn  had  separated 
from  the  earldom  on  the  death  of  the  5th 
Earl  in  1594,  and  have  since  remained  in 
abeyance ;  and  that  of  Strange,  by  which 
the  7th  Earl  was  first  summoned  to  Par- 
liament (during  his  father's  lifetime)  in 
1628,  had  also  separated  from  the  earl- 
dom on  the  death  of  the  9th  Earl  in  1702, 
and  is  now  vested  in  the  Duke  of  Atholl. 
From  the  year  1702  until  1832,  the  Earls 
of  Derby  had  really  no  second  title,  though 
the  son  and  heir  apparent  was  usually 
called  Lord  Stanley ;  it  is  the  same  now 
with  the  Earl  of  Huntingdon  and  the  Earl 
of  Guilford, 


On  the  death  of  his  father,  Oct  91  r 

1834,  Lord  Stanley  became  Earl  of  Derby; 
and  he  was  elected  a  Knight  of  the  Garter 
on  the  17th  of  April,  1839.  In  1844  hia 
son,  then  Secretary  for  the  Colonies,  was 
called  up  to  the  House  of  Peers  as  Baron 
Stanley  of  Bickerstaffe. 

The  Earl  was  formerly  Colonel  of  the 
Second  Lancashire  Militia,  by  commission 
dated  in  1797.  In  1828  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  Linnsean  Society  in  the 
room  of  Sir  James  Edward  Smith,  de- 
ceased ;  he  resigned  the  office  in  1833, 
when  he  was  succeeded  by  the  Duke  of 
Somerset.  At  a  subsequent  period  he 
became  President  of  the  Zoological  Society, 
which  office  he  retained  until  his  death. 
So  great  was  his  attachment  to  zoology, 
that  he  had  formed  at  Knowsley  such  col- 
lections of  living  animals  and  birds  as  far 
surpass  any  menagerie  or  aviary  previously 
attempted  by  any  private  person  in  this 
country. 

Though  neither  a  warrior  nor  a  states- 
man, like  so  many  of  his  noble  progenitors, 
the  late  Earl  of  Derby  was  a  most  worthy 
representative  of  his  illustrious  house. 
His  political  career  was  noiseless  and  un- 
obtrusive, but  his  predilections  were  con- 
sistently in  favour  of  the  measures  of  the 
Liberal  party  of  the  state.  His  chief 
characteristics  were  hospitality  and  bene- 
volence, and  throughout  a  long  life  he 
ever  maintained  most  scrupulously  in  his 
own  good  acts  and  deeds  the  family  motto 
"  sans  changer.'' 

The  Earl  of  Derby  married,  on  the  30th 
June,  1798,  his  cousin  Charlotte-Marga- 
ret, second  daughter  of  the  late  Rev. 
Geoffrey  Hornby,  by  the  Hon.  Lucy  Stan- 
ley, his  father's  sister :  and  by  that  lady, 
who  died  on  the  16th  June,  1817,  he  bad 
issue  three  sons  and  four  daughters;  of 
whom  all  the  sons  and  two  daughters  sur- 
vive him.  Their  names  are  as  follow :  1. 
Edward-Geoffrey,  now  Earl  of  Derby  ;  3. 
Lady  Charlotte-Elizabeth,  married  ip  1823 
to  Edward  Penrhyn,  esq. ;  3.  the  Hon. 
Henry  Thomas  Stanley,  who  married,  in 

1835,  Anne,  daughter  of  Mr.  Richard 
Woolhottse,  and  has  issue ;  4.  the  Hon. 
Emily- Lucy,  who  died  an  infant;  5.  the 
Hon.  Louisa-Emily,  who  was  the  first  wife 
of  Lieut. -Colonel  Samuel  Long,  nephew 
to  the  late  Lord  Farnborough,  and  died  in 
1825;  6.  Lady  Ellinor-Mary,  married  in 
1835  to  the  Rev.  Frank  Greorge  Hop  wood, 
M.A.  second  son  of  Robert  Gregge  Hop- 
wood,  esq.  and  grandson  of  John  fifth 
Viscount  Torrington;  and  7.  the  Hon. 
Charles  James  Fox  Stanley,  Colonel  of  tha 
2nd  Royal  Lancashire  Militia,  who  mar- 


1851.]      Obituary.— 7%«  Earl  ofDerhy.^  Vhcouni  Melville.     191 


ried,  in  1836,  Frances- Aagusta,  daughter 
of  Gen.  Sir  Henry  F.  Campbell,  K.C.B., 
and  has  issue. 

The  present  Earl  of  Derby  is  well 
known  as  a  statesman,  and  as  the  leader  of 
the  Protectionist  party  in  the  House  of 
Lords.  He  married,  in  1825,  Emma  Ca- 
roline, second  daughter  of  Edward  Bootle 
Wilbraham,  esq.  now  Lora  Skelmersdale, 
and  has  issue  Edward-Henry,  now  Lord 
Stanley  of  Bickerstaflfe,  M.P.  for  King's 
Lynn,  one  other  son,  and  one  daughter. 

The  remains  of  the  late  Ear]  were  pri. 
Tately  interred  at  the  chapel  of  Ormskirk. 

The  late  Earl  of  Derby  has  left  his 
superb  collection  of  animals  and  birds  to 
the  Queen,  if  her  Majesty  will  graciously 
please  to  accept  them.  In  the  event  of 
her  Majesty  not  desiring  to  avail  herself 
of  the  bequest,  they  are  to  be  given  to 
the  Zoological  Society,  for  the  enrichment 
of  their  gardens  in  the  Regent's  Park. 
His  very  large  collection  of  stuffed  animals 
and  birds  have  been  bequeathed  to  the 
town  of  Liverpool.  His  wishes  in  this 
matter  have  been  communicated  by  the 
present  Earl  to  the  Mayor  of  Liverpool 
in  the  following  letter : — 

Knmotley,  July  8. 
Sir,— It  was  the  anxious  wish  or  my  dear 
and  lamented  father,  as  it  is  my  own,  tbat  the 
very  extensive  and  valuable  collection  of  stuffed 
birds  and  animals,  which  it  was  the  labour  of 
his  life  to  form,  should  not  after  his  death  be 
dispersed,  but  rendered  as  far  as  possible  avail- 
able to  the  amusement  and  instruction  of  his 
countrymen  and  neighbours.  Among  his  pri- 
vate papers  1  find  one  upon  this  subject,  em- 
bodying an  arrangement  upon  which  he  had 
communicated  with  me,  which  so  clearly  sets 
forth  his  views  that  I  cannot  do  better  than 
transcribe  his  own  words : — **  With  the  anxious 
desire  that  what  I  have  collected  during  the 
long  existence  that  has  been  granted  me  may 
be  devoted  more  particulariy  to  the  g^-atifica- 
tioo,  and  I  would  hope  advantage,  of  the  part 
of  this  country  with  which  I  have  been  more 
immediately  connected,  and  in  which  I  cannot 
but  feel  a  more  direct  interest,  1  would  desire 
that  this  museum  should  be  placed  in  the  care 
of  a  body  of  trustees,  after  the  model  of  the 
British  Museum,  to  be  placed  in  the  town  or 
environs  of  Liverpool,  noping  that  the  public 
authorities  there  may  think  fit  to  erect  some 
building  for  its  reception,  which  might,  per- 
haps, with  advantage  be  placed  in  connexion 
with  the  Collegiate  Institution  already  esta- 
blished in  that  town.  If  this  suggestion  should 
be  adopted  or  favourably  received,  I  would 
propose  that  the  Earl  of  Derby  for  the  time 
oeinff  and  one  other  member  of  my  family 
should  be  trustees :  that  my  personal  friend 
Richard  Earle  shonkl  also  be  one  during  his 
life,  if  he  will  be  pleased  to  accept  the  trust ; 
and  that  the  Mayor  of  Liverpool  and  the  two 
Rectors  of  the  town  for  the  time  being  shall 
be  members,  ex  ofiRcio,  on  the  part  of  the 
town,  and  the  Incumbents  of  Knowsley  and  of 
Hnyton  on  the  part  of  the  county ;  that  the 
above  persons  shall  be  the  first  trustees,  and 
that  they  have  power  to  add  to  their  number, 
to  All  up  vacancies  as  they  ahall  occur,  and  to 
lay  down  rules  and  regulations  for  the  better 
management  and  preservation  of  the  museum, 
and  for  the  purpose  of  making  it  as  beneficial 


as  possible  fbr  the  amusement  and  instruction 
of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and  neighbour- 
hood in  the  first  place,  and  next^  of  the  public 
in  general.  As  ft  is  my  principal  object  by 
this  arrangement  to  keep  together  in  one  body 
the  collection  which  has  been  formed  by  ma, 
and  to  devote  it  to  the  benefit  of  the  rising 

generation,  1  have  ventured  to  suggest  its 
eing  annexed  to  the  Collegiate  Institution, 
as  by  that  means  it  would  appear  to  be  more 
directly  available  for  the  purposes  of  instruc- 
tion and  reference ;  and  I  would  further  add 
my  wish  that  it  should  bear  the  name  of  its 
original  founder,  as  some  memorial  of  the 
interest  I  have  from  boyhood  felt  in  the  study 
of  natural  history,  and  my  earnest  wish  to 
make  that  which  has  formed  a  constant  plea- 
sure during  my  own  life  as  far  as  possible 
conducive  to  the  welfare  and  gratification  of 
my  fellow  countrymen  and  neighbours." 

I  have  only  to  request  that  you  will  have 
the  kindness  to  bring  this  subject  under  the 
consideration  of  the  council  at  the  earliest 
period  consistent  with  your  own  convenience, 
and  to  express  an  earnest  hope  on  my  part 
that  nothing  in  the  conditions  attached  may 
interpose  to  prevent  their  acceptance  of  an 
offer  which  seems  to  hold  out  no  inconsider- 
able advantage  to  the  population  of  Liverpool, 
and  which  will  place  my  father's  extensive 
collection  in  a  position  ahke  conducive  to  the 

gratification  of  his  friends  and  neighbours, 
onourable  to  himself,  and  on  all  accounts 
f ratifying  to  me  as  his  representative.  I 
ave  the  honour  to  be  your  obedient  servant, 

DERBt. 

On  receiving  this  communication  the 
Town  Council  recorded  their  grateful 
sense  for  this  munificent  offer,  and  re- 
solved that  the  Library  and  Museum  Com- 
mittee should  confer  with  the  Earl  of 
Derby  as  to  the  best  means  of  carrying 
into  effect  the  wishes  and  intentions  of 
the  late  earl. 


Viscount  Melville. 

June  10.  At  Melville  Castle,  aged  80, 
the  Right  Hon.  Robert  Dundas,  second 
Viscount  Melville,  of  Melville,  co.  Edin- 
burgh, and  Baron  Duneira,  of  Duneira,  co. 
Perth  (1802);  K.  T. ;  a  Privy  Councillor, 
Keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal  of  Scotland,  a 
Lieut.-General  of  the  Royal  Archers  of 
Scotland,  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  the  cotUi- 
ties  of  Edinburgh  and  Linlithgow,  Chan- 
cellor of  the  University  of  St  Andrew's, 
Governor  of  the  Bank  of  Scotland,  a  Com- 
missioner of  the  Board  of  Trustees  fbr 
Manufactures  in  Scotland,  a  Commis- 
sioner for  the  Custody  of  the  Regalia  of 
Scotland,  an  Elder  Brother  of  the  Trinity 
House  of  London,  a  Vice-President  of  the 
Marine  Society,  F.R.S.  and  F.R.A.S. 

This  nobleman  was  the  only  son  of 
Henry  first  Viscount  Melville,  formerly 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  by  his  first 
wife  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  David  Rainnie, 
esq.  of  Melville  Castle.  He  was  born  oq 
the  14th  of  March,  1771 ;  and  educated 
at  the  High  School  of  Edinburgh,  where 
he  early  gave  promise  of  great  talent,  ee- 
nerally  holding  the   third  place  in  the 


192 


Obituary. —  Viscount  Melville. 


[Aug. 


rector's  class,  then  taught  by  the  learned 
and  amiable  Dr.  Adam.  The  friendship 
which  was  then  formed  between  Lord 
Melville  and  Sir  Walter  Scott,  in  these 
schoolboy  days,  was  strengthened  by  their 
subsequent  service  together  in  the  yeo- 
manry, and  continued  unbroken,  save  by 
one  transient  ripple,  to  the  last.  His 
lordship,  in  later  years  a  welcome  guest 
at  Abbotsford,  was  with  the  poet  at 
Ashiestiel  in  the  autumn  of  1808,  when 
Mr.  Murray  came  to  consult  Scott  on  the 
projected  publication  of  The  Quarterly 
Review.  '*  I  mentioned  it  to  Robert 
Dundas,^'  writes  Sir  Walter  to  Mr.  George 
Ellis,  "  who  was  here  with  his  lady  for 
two  days,  on  a  pilgrimage  to  Melrose, 
and  he  approved  highly  of  it.  Though 
no  literary  man,  he  is  judicious,  clair- 
voyant, and  uncommonly  sound-headed, 
like  his  father  Lord  Melville." 

The  all-powerful  influence  of  his  father 
early  opened  the  path  of  political  honour 
to  a  son  of  such  promise.  In  the  year 
1802,  he  was  returned  to  the  House  of 
Commons  as  member  for  the  county  of 
Edinburgh  ;  but  he  does  not  seem  to  have 
taken  any  prominent  share  in  public  busi- 
ness until  he  had  been  for  some  time  in  the 
House.  The  question  of  his  father's  im- 
peachment drew  him  frequently  into  de- 
bate in  the  years  1805  and  1806.  In  the 
latter  year  he  was  again  chosen  member 
for  Mid- Lothian,  at  the  general  electioo. 
When  the  Grenville  Ministry  fell,  in 
March  1807,  the  new  premier,  the  Duke 
of  Portland,  bestowed  the  office  of  Pre- 
sident of  the  Board  of  Control  upon  the 
member  for  Edinburghshire.  The  ap- 
pointment necessarily  vacated  his  seat,  but 
he  was  re-elected  without  difficulty.  He 
now  took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  dis- 
cussions of  the  House  of  Commons,  the 
subjects  on  which  he  spoke  being  chiefly 
those  connected  with  Scotland,  and  with 
his  own  department  of  Indian  affairs.  In 
1809  the  Duke  of  Wellington,  then  Sir 
Arthur  Wellesley,  was  called  from  the 
Chief  Secretaryship  of  Ireland  to  take  the 
command  of  the  British  armies  in  Spain  ; 
and  Mr.  Dundas  was  chosen  to  succeed 
him  in  Ireland.  He  did  not,  however, 
long  retain  the  Irish  Secretaryship ;  in 
Jan.  1810,  soon  after  the  formation  of 
Mr.  Spencer  Perceval's  administration, 
he  returned  to  the  Presidency  of  the 
Board  of  Control.  The  sudden  death  of 
his  father,  on  the  29th  of  May  1811, 
called  him  unexpectedly  to  the  Upper 
House. 

The  melancholy  death  of  Mr.  Spencer 
Perceval  led  to  the  formation  of  a  new 
ministry,  with  the  Earl  of  Liverpool  at 
its  head,  in  the  summer  of  1812.  Under 
this  government,  the  First  Lordship  of 

n 


the  Admiralty,  with  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet, 
was  assigned  to  Viscount  Melville;  and 
his  lordship  continued  to  discharge  the 
duties  of  that  responsible  and  laborious 
office  during  the  whole  term  of  fifteen 
years  that  the  Liverpool  Ministry  was  in 
power.  His  lordship  was  possessed  of 
high  administrative  talent,  and  his  manage- 
ment at  the  Admiralty  commanded  gene- 
ral approbation.  It  was  under  his  rule 
that  the  voyages  for  exploring  the  Arctic 
seas  were  undertaken  and  equipped,  and 
the  voyagers  called  more  than  one  of  their 
discoveries  after  his  lordship's  name. 

Viscount  Melville  retired  from  office  on 
the  accession  of  Mr.  Canning,  declining  the 
seat  in  the  cabinet  which  was  urged  upon 
him  by  that  minister.  Though  standing 
aloof  from  the  new  premier,  it  was  known 
that  his  lordship  was  at  one  with  him  on 
the  great  question  of  Roman  Catholic 
Emancipation,  inheriting  on  this  point  the 
well-known  opinions  of  his  father  and  Mr. 
Pitt.  These  opinions  he  had  indicated  as 
early  as  1810.  His  lordship  did  not  join 
the  short-lived  administration  of  Viscount 
Goderich  ;  but  when  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
liogton  came  into  power  in  Jan.  1828, 
Viscount  Melville  resumed  his  place  at 
the  head  of  the  Admiralty,  and  remained 
in  office  until  the  dissolution  of  the  same 
Ministry  in  Nov.  1830.  With  that  event 
— the  precursor  of  a  new  order  of  things — 
his  lordship's  official  career  came  to  a 
close.  He  still,  however,  took  an  active 
interest  in  public  affairs,  and  was  of  essen- 
tial  service  in  the  discussion  or  settlement 
of  more  than  one  important  question.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Royal  Commission 
of  1826-30  for  the  Visitation  of  the  Scot- 
ish  Universities ;  and,  at  a  later  period,  of 
the  Royal  Commission  for  Inquiry  into 
the  Operation  of  the  Poor-law  in  Scotland 
(1843-4)  ;  and  of  the  Prison  Board  for 
Scotland  (1847).  One  of  the  lost  politi- 
cal questions  on  which  he  addressed  the 
public  was  the  Scotch  Bank  Acts  of  1844 
and  1845.  A  considerable  portion  of  the 
community  had  been  seized  with  a  panic 
terror  that  Sir  Robert  Peel  was  about  to 
suppress  the  Scotch  One  Pound  notes ; 
and  a  speech  delivered  by  Lord  Melville 
at  a  meeting  of  the  county  of  Edinburgh, 
contributed  not  a  little  to  the  restoration 
of  the  public  equanimity.  The  subject 
was  one  with  which,  both  as  a  Cabinet 
Minister  in  the  days  of  the  Malachi  Ma- 
lagrowther  controversy  in  1826,  and  as 
Governor  of  the  Bank  of  Scotland  (an 
office  in  which  he  succeeded  his  father), 
his  Lordship  was  especially  well  acquainted. 
His  feelings  upon  it  were  so  keen  as  to  oc- 
casion a  temporary  estrangement  between 
him  and  Scott,  but  which  was  soon  healed. 

Viscount  Melville  was  not  much  distin- 


1861.]         Obituary. — Right  Hon.  Whi,  S\  S.  Lascetles, 


193 


guished  as  a  public  speaker ;  what  he  bad 
to  say  he  said  briefly,  but  in  a  way  that 
showed  him  to  be  fiilly  master  of  the  sub- 
ject  under  consideration.     In  his  latter 
years  he  has  chiefly  resided  in  the  county 
of  Edinburgh,  in  the  affairs  of  which  he 
evinced  a  deep  interest,  taking  a  leading 
part  in  all  that  related  to  the  management 
of  the  public  roads,  as  well  as  in  other 
local  matters  falling  within  the  scope  of 
his  jurisdiction  as    a   Commissioner    of 
Supply  and  Justice  of  the  Peace.     In  this 
humbler  sphere  he  dbplayed  in  the  decline 
of  life  the  same  qualities,  useful  rather 
than  brilliant,  by  which  he  had  been  dis- 
tinguished on  a  loftier  stage — justice  and 
integrity,  consummate  skill  and  tact  in 
administration,  perfect  courtesy  and  tem- 
per, great  information,  and  that  accuracy 
of  observation  and  soundness  of  judgment 
which  are  the  issue  of  a  clear  and  well- 
balanced  intellect.     He  possessed  a  hale 
and  vigorous  constitution,  and   time  ap- 
peared to  have  sat  very  lightly  upon  him. 
He  was  attacked  with  bronchitis   about 
ten  days  before  his  death,  and  the  malady  . 
immediately  assumed  an  alarming  shape. 

Lord  Melville  was  appointed  Lord  Privy 
Seal  for  Scotland  in  1811.  That  office 
now  expires  with  its  salary  of  2775/.  as 
does  the  annuity  of  1000/.  assigned  to  his 
Lordship  as  late  Keeper  of  the  Signets. 
He  was  elected  a  Knight  of  the  Thistle  in 
1821.  He  had  held  the  office  of  a  Go- 
vernor  of  the  Bank  of  Scotland  from  1811, 
and  that  of  Chancellor  of  the  University 
of  St.  Andrew's  from  1814. 

He  married,  on  the  29th  Aug.  1796, 
Anne,  daughter  and  coheir  of  Richard 
Huck  Saunders,  M.D.  sister  to  the  late 
Countess  of  Westmoreland,  and  grand- 
niece  and  co-heiress  to  Adm.  Sir  Charles 
Saunders,  K.B.,  and  by  that  lady,  who 
died  on  the  10th  Sept.  1841,  he  had 
issue  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  of 
whom  survive  him  :  1.  Henry  now  Vis- 
count Melville ;  2.  the  Hon.  Richard 
Saunders  Dundas,  a  Captain  R.N.  and 
C.B. ;  3.  the  Hon.  Robert  Dundas,  Store- 
keeper-general of  the  Navy  ;  4.  the  Hon. 
Jane  Dundas,  unmarried ;  5.  the  Hon.  and 
Rev.  Charles  Dundas,  Rector  of  Epworth 
in  Lincolnshire ;  who  married  in  1833 
Louisa- Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Sir  William  Boothby,  Bart,  and  has  a  nu- 
merous family ;  and  6.  the  Hon.  Anne 
Dandas,  unmarried. 

The  present  Viscount  is  a  Colonel  in 
the  army  and  Lieut.-Colonel  of  the  60th 
Rifles ;  he  has  been  nominated  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Bath,  for  his  services 
in  the  East.  He  was  born  in  1801,  but  is 
unmarried  ;  as  are  his  two  next  brothers. 

The  body  of  the  late  Lord  was  conveyed 
to  the  family  ygults  at  the  parish  church 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


of  Lasswade,  on  the  17th  of  June.  The 
English  service  was  read  over  the  body  in 
the  afternoon,  in  the  presence  of  the 
family,  the  near  relatives,  and  the  house- 
hold, by  the  Hon.  and  Rev.Charles  Dun- 
das, son  of  the  deceased.  The  hearse  was 
followed  by  the  private  carriage  of  the 
deceased,  six  mourning  coaches,  and  the 
carriages  of  a  number  of  the  nobility  and 
gentry.  Among  those  present,  besides 
the  present  Lord  Melville  and  his  bro- 
thers, were  the  Duke  of  Buccleuch,  Lord 
John  Scott,  Lord  Lauderdale,  General  Sir 
Anthony  Maitland,  Lord  Justice  General, 
Lord  Justice  Clerk,  Lord  Murray,  Lord 
Colonsay,  Lord  Dnnfermline,  Lord  Bel- 
haven,  Sir  George  Grant  Suttie,  Sir  David 
Baird,  of  Newbyth,  &c.  The  shopkeepers 
and  other  male  inhabitants  of  Lasswade 
joined  the  procession,  walking  in  pairs; 
and  on  reaching  the  churchyard  they  lined 
the  avenue  on  both  sides,  from  the  gate 
to  the  funeral  vault. 


Right  Hon.  Wm.  S.  S.  Lascblles. 

July  2.  At  Campden  Hill,  Kensington, 
in  his  53d  year,  the  Right  Hon.  William 
Saunders  Sebright  Lascelles,  Comptroller 
of  her  Majesty's  Household,  a  Privy 
Councillor,  M.P.  for  Knaresborough,  and 
a  deputy  lieutenant  of  Yorkshire ;  next 
brother  to  the  Earl  of  Harewood. 

Mr.  Lascelles  was  born  on  the  29th 
Oct.  1798,  the  third  son  of  Henry  second 
Earl  of  Harewood,  by  Henrietta,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  late  Sir  John  Saunders 
Sebright,  Bart. 

In  1820  he  was  returned  to  parliament 
for  Northallerton,  which  borough  had  al- 
ways had  a  Lascelles  for  one  of  its  mem- 
bers from  the  year  1745.  In  1826  he  re- 
signed his  seat  to  his  elder  brother  the 
present  Earl. 

In  1835  he  contested  the  borough  of 
Wakefield  in  opposition  to  its  prerious 
(and  first)  member,  Daniel  Gaskell,  esq. ; 
but  Mr.  Gaskell  was  successful  by  278 
votes  to  221.  In  1837  he  again  opposed 
Mr.  Gaskell,  and  defeated  him  by  307 
votes  to  281.  Having  sat  for  Wakefield 
from  1837  to  1841 ,  Mr.  Lascelles  was  then 
opposed  by  Joseph  Holdsworth,  esq.  who 
polled  328  votes  to  his  300,  and  was  con- 
sequently returned  ;  but,  inasmuch  as 
Mr.  Holdsworth  was  himself  the  legal  re-> 
turning  officer,  Mr.  Lascelles  petitioned 
against  him,  and  was  restored  to  his  seat. 

He  did  not,  however,  renew  his  preten- 
sions at  the  last  election  in  1847;  but 
was  a  candidate  for  Knaresborough,  and 
was  returned  after  the  following  poll — 

Hon.  Wm.  S.  Lascelles  .     .     .  158 

Joshua  Proctor  Westhead,  esq.  128 

Andrew  Lawson,  esq.     .     .     .  114 

2C 


194       Obituary.— -ilc^m.  Sir  Edward  Cod/ringtotiy  G.CB.      [Aug. 


0 

Mr.  Lasoelles  was  appointed  Comptroller 
of  her  Majesty^s  Household  on  the  24th 
July,  1847,  having  been  sworn  of  the 
Privy  Council  two  days  before. 

He  married,  May  14, 1823,  Lady  Caro- 
line Georgiana  Howard,  eldest  daughter 
of  George  sixth  £^1  of  Carlisle,  ICG. ; 
and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he 
has  left  issue  four  sons  (besides  three  who 
died  infants)  and  five  daughters.  His 
eldest  son,  Claude  Lascelles,  esq.  is  an 
officer  in  the  Royal  Artillery.  His  second 
daughter,  Henrietta- Frances,  was  married 
in  1849  to  William  George  Cavendish, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Peterborough,  only  son  of 
the  Hon.  Charles  Compton  Cavendish, 
M.P.  for  Buckinghamshire. 

Adm.  Sir  Edw.  Codrinoton,  G.C.B. 

April  2S,  In  Eaton-square,  aged  81, 
Admiral  Sir  Edward  Codrington,  G.C.B. , 
G.C.M.G.,  and  F.R.S. 

Sir  Edward  Codrington  was  the  third 
son  of  Edward  Codrington,  esq.  (third  son 
of  Sir  Edward  Codrington,  the  first  Ba- 
ronet, of  Dodington,  co.  Gloucester,)  by 
Anne,  daughter  of  Miss  Rebecca  Le 
Sturgeon. 

He  entered  the  navy  the  18th  July, 
1783,  on  board  the  Augusta  yacht :  and 
served  ^in  various  ships  until  confirmed 
Lieutenant  May  28,  1793.  In  1794  he 
was  Lieutenant  of  the  Queen  Charlotte, 
Lord  Howe's  flag-ship,  in  the  action  of 
the  28th  and  29th  May  and  1st  June,  and 
was  entrusted  with  the  duplicate  dispatches 
of  the  victory.  He  was  in  consequence 
promoted  on  the  7th  Oct.  following  to  the 
Comet  fire-ship  and  was  posted  into  the 
Babel  of  22  guns,  on  the  6th  April,  1795. 
In  June  he  bore  a  part  in  Lord  Bridport's 
action  with  the  French  fleet  off  He  de 
Croix ;  and  in  July  removed  to  the 
Druid  32,  in  which  he  cruised  for  some 
time  off  Lisbon,  and  was  in  company  with 
tke  Unicom  and  Doris  frigates  at  the 
capture  of  the  troop-ship  La  Ville  de 
rOrient  on  the  7th  Jan.  1797. 

From  that  time  he  was  not  again  em- 
ployed until  1805,  when  he  was  appointed 
on  the  24th  May  to  the  Orion  74,  which 
was  one  of  the  ships  engaged  at  Trafalgar. 
For  that  victory  he  received  a  gold  medal. 
He  left  the  Orion  in  Dec.  1806. 

In  Nov.  1808  he  obtained  the  command 
of  the  Blake  74,  in  which  he  accompanied 
the  expedition  to  Walcheren,  with  the  flag 
of  Lord  Gardner,  who  acknowledged  his 
assistance  at  the  forcing  of  the  Scheldt  on 
the  14th  August  1809. 

Daring  1810  and  181 1  Capt.  Codrington 
was  employed  on  the  coast  of  Spain  during 
the  defence  of  Cadiz  and  Tarragona.  In 
Jan.  1812  he  was  present  on  shore  at  the 
defeat  of  the  French  near  Villa  Lucca,  and 


he  continued  to  annoy  the  enemy  along 
the  coast  of  Catalonia,  co-operating  wi(£ 
the  efforts  of  the  Spanish  patriots,  during 
the  remainder  of  that  year.  He  returned 
home  in  Jan.  1813,  and  on  the  4th  Dec. 
following  was  appointed  a  Colonel  of 
Marines. 

Soon  afterwards  he  sailed  to  North 
America  with  his  broad  pendant  in  the 
Forth  40 ;  and  whilst  there  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Rear-Admiral,  and  ap- 
pointed, in  the  Tonnant  80,  Captain  of  the 
Fleet  under  Sir  Alex.  Cochrane.  Having 
hoisted  his  flag  in  the  Havannah  36,  he 
took  part  in  the  attack  on  New  Orleans, 
and  at  the  conclusion  of  hostilities  with 
the  United  States  he  returned  to  England 
with  the  official  announcement  of  the 
capture  of  Fort  Bowyer.  He  was  nomi- 
nated a  Knight  Commander  of  the  Bath 
on  the  remodelling  of  that  Most  Hon. 
Order  Jan.  2,  1815  ;  and  was  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Vice- Admiral  July  10,  1821. 

On  the  1st  Nov.  1826  Sir  EdwaMi  Cod- 
rington was  appointed  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Mediterranean  squadron, 
'  having  his  flag  in  the  Asia  84.  It  was  in 
this  capacity  that  he  took  the  leading  part 
in  the  battle  of  Navarin  on  the  20th  Oct. 
1827,  when  the  fleet  of  the  Pacha  of 
Egypt  was  destroyed  by  the  combined 
squadrons  of  Great  Britain,  Russia,  and 
France.  The  Asia  was  hotiy  engaged  in 
this  conflict.  After  having  disposed  of 
two  Eg3rptian  men-of-war,  she  became  ex- 
posed to  a  severe  raking  fire,  which  carried 
away  her  mizen-mast  and  dismounted 
many  of  her  guns.  Sir  Edward  Codring- 
ton was  himself  struck,  and  his  watch 
shattered  in  his  pocket.  The  victory, 
however,  was  complete.  Out  of  a  fleet 
composed  of  eighty-one  men-of-war,  only 
one  frigate  and  fifteen  small  vessels  were 
in  a  state  ever  to  be  again  put  to  sea.  In 
reward  for  this  distinguished  service,  Sir 
E.  Codrington  was  advanced  to  the  dignity 
of  the  Grand  Cross  of  the  Bath;  while 
from  the  Emperor  of  Russia  he  received 
the  Grand  Cross  of  St  George  (accom- 
panied by  a  very  flattering  letter),  and 
from  the  King  of  France  the  Grand  Cross 
of  St.  Louis.  In  consequence,  however, 
of  the  divided  opinions  of  politicians  at 
home  upon  this  occurrence,  which  was 
characterized  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
as  an  **  untoward  event,''  and  in  which 
Sir  Edward  was  by  some  considered  to 
have  been  instigated  too  far  by  his  phil- 
Hellenic  prepossessions,  he  was  recalled 
from  the  Mediterranean  in  April  1828. 

He  afterwards,  with  his  flag  in  the  Cale- 
donia, commanded  a  squadron  of  observa- 
tion in  the  Channel  in  1831  ;  and,  having 
attained  the  full  rank  of  Admiral  in  1837, 
was  appointed  22  Nov.  1839f  Commander- 


1851.]  Obituary. — Sir  J.  Graham  DalyelU  BtirU 


195 


in-Chief  at  Portsmoath,  which  statfon  he 
occupied  for  the  customary  period  of 
three  years.  He  enjoyed  a  good-service 
pension  of  300/. 

In  1832  he  became  one  of  the  first  re- 
presentatives of  the  new  borough  of 
Devonport,  being  returned  with  Sir  George 
Grey  after  a  contest  which  terminated  as 
follows : — 

Sir  George  Grey,  Bart.  .  .  1178 
Sir  Edward  Codrington  .  .  891 
George  Leach,  esq.       .     .     .      575 

His  parliamentary  conduct  was  so  popu- 
lar, that  at  the  election  of  1835  he  was 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  poll,  the  numbers 
being,  for — 

Sir  Edward  Codrington  .  .  1 1 14 
Sir  Greorge  Grey,  Bart.  .  .  956 
G.  R.  Dawson,  esq.      .     .     .       764 

In  1837  he  was  re-chosen  without  a 
contest :  and  he  resigned  at  the  close  of 
1839,  upon  taking  the  command  at  Ports- 
mouth. In  Parliament  be  had  always 
supported  the  measures  and  propositions 
of  the  Liberal  party. 

Sir  Edward  Codrington  married  Dec. 
27,  1802,  Miss  Jane  HaU,  of  Old  Wind- 
sor ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the 
22d  Jan.  1837,  he  had  issue  a  numerous 
family.  His  eldest  son,  Edward,  when 
a  midshipman  of  the  Cambrian  frigate, 
was  drowned  off  the  island  of  Hydra. 
His  eldest  surviving  son  is  Lieut.-Colonel 
William  John  Codrington,  of  the  Cold- 
stream Guards  ;  Henry  John  Codrington, 
is  a  Post  Captain  R.N.  He  was  severely 
wounded  in  the  battle  of  Navarin,  when 
with  his  father  as  a  midshipman  of  the 
Asia,  and  afterwards  took  a  prominent 
share  in  the  destruction  of  the  batteries  of 
Acre  in  1840,  on  which  occasion  he  was 
nominated  a  Companion  of  the  Batb.  Jane- 
Barbara,  Sir  Edward's  eldest  daughter, 
was  married  in  1843  to  Capt.  Sir  Thomas 
Bourchier,  K.C.B.,  and  left  a  widow 
In  1849 ;  Caroline  was  married  to  Joseph 
Lyons  Walrond,  esq.  of  Antigua,  and 
died  his  widow  in  1833 ;  Elizabeth  died 
unmarried. 

The  body  of  Sir  Edward  Codrington 
was  interred  on  the  2d  May,  in  the  family 
vault  at  St.  Peter's,  Eaton-square  ;  at- 
tended by  his  two  sons,  by  nis  nephew 
Sir  Christopher  William  Codrington,  Bart, 
and  his  nephew  (by  marriage)  the  Hon. 
Arthur  Thellusson. 


Sir  J.  Graham  Dalyell,  Bart. 
June  7.  At  Edinburgh,  in  his  74th 
year,  Sir  John  Graham  Dalyell,  the  sixth 
Bart  of  Binns,  co.  Linlithgow,  President 
of  the  Society  for  promoting  Useful  Arts 
in  Scotland,  a  Vice-President  of  the  So- 


ciety of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  and  of 
the  African  Society  of  Paris,  &c. 

He  was  the  second  tK>n  of  Sir  Robert 
the  fourth  Baronet,  by  Elizabeth,  eldest 
daughter  of  Nicol  Graham,  esq.  of  Grort- 
more,  and  the  Lady  Margaret  Con3rngham 
his  wife,  eldest  daughter  of  William 
twelfth  Earl  of  Glencairn.  In  1797  he  was 
admitted  an  advocate  at  the  Scottish  bar. 

Devoting  himself  to  letters  with  an  en- 
thusiasm which  animated  him  to  the  last, 
he  immediately  turned  his  attention  to 
the  manuscript  treasures  of  the  Advocates' 
Library,  and  within  a  year  or  two  after  he 
was  enrolled  as  a  member  of  the  faculty, 
produced  his  first  quarto — Fragments  of 
Scottish  History  —  containing,  among 
other  matter  of  interest  or  value,  the 
characteristic  Diary  of  Robert  BirreU, 
burgess  of  Edinburgh  from  1532  to 
1608.  This  was  foUowed  in  the  year 
1801  by  a  collection  of  Scottish  Poems 
of  the  Sixteenth  Century,  in  two  octavos, 
published,  like  its  predecessor,  by  the 
celebrated  Archibald  Constable,  whose 
old- book  shop  at  the  Cross  was  already  a 
favourite  resort  of  antiquaries  and  men  of 
letters.  In  the  preface  to  this  work,  Mr. 
Graham  Dalyell  stated  that,  in  the  course 
of  his  preparatory  researches,  he  had 
examined  "  about  seven  hundred  volumea 
of  manuscripts.''  In  1809  appeared  a 
*'  Tract  chiefly  relative  to  Monastic  An* 
tiquities,  with  some  Account  of  a  recent 
search  for  the  Remains  of  the  Scottish 
Kings  interred  in  the  Abbey  of  Dttnferm- 
line  " — the  first  of  four  or  five  thin  oc- 
tavos in  which  Mr.  Graham  Dalyell  called 
attention  to  those  ecclesiastical  records  of 
the  north,  so  many  of  which  have  since 
been  printed  by  the  Bannatyne,  Maitland, 
and  Spalding  Clubs,  under  the  editorial 
care  of  Mr.  Cosmo  Innes.  The  chartn- 
laries  which  occupied  the  attention  of  Mr. 
Graham  Dalyell  were  those  of  the  Bishop- 
rics of  Aberdeen  (1820),  and  Murray 
(1826),  the  Abbey  of  Cambuskenneth, 
the  Chapel  Royid  of  Stirling,  and  the 
Preceptory  of  St.  Anthony  at  Leith  (to- 
gether, in  1828). 

In  the  interval  the  author  had  given  to 
the  public,  editions  of  the  Journal  of 
Richard  Bannatyne,  the  secretary  of 
John  Knox,  and  of  the  Scottish  Chronicle 
of  Lindsay  of  Pitscottie.  Mr.  Dalyell's 
edition  of  this  most  pleasing  of  northern 
annalists  is  still  the  best,  though  it  is  pro- 
bably destined  to  be  superseded  by  the 
more  complete  edition  which  Lord  Lind- 
say has  undertaken. 

Another  of  his  productions  was  '*  Some 
Account  of  an  Ancient  Manuscript  of 
Martial's  Epigrams,"  illustrated  by  an 
engraving,  and  occasional  anecdotes  of  the 
Manners  of  the    Romaiii.      1811.   8vo. 


196     Sir  J,  A.  B.  M.  Mem  Gregory  BU^^Lord  Dundrennan.     [Aug. 


(Only  thirty  copies  printed ;  six  on  vel- 
lum.) 

A  later  and  more  laborious  work  of  Mr. 
Graham  Dalyell  was  his  Essay  on  the 
Darker  Superstitions  of  Scotland,  1834, 
8vo — a  performance  which. embodies  the 
fruit  of  much  patient  study  in  rare  or 
little- read  works,  and  affords  many  cu- 
rious glimpses  of  the  popular  mythology 
of  the  north.  The  long  list  of  the  histori- 
cal productions  of  Sir  John  Graham  Dal- 
yell closes  with  his  Musical  Memoirs  of 
Scotland,  published  little  more  than  a 
twelvemonth  ago,  at  the  distance  of  fifty 
years  from  the  date  of  his  first  book.  He 
was  devotedly  fond  of  music,  and  in  this 
handsome  quarto  he  hus  condensed  the 
fruit  of  researches  on  a  favourite  subject, 
assiduously  cultivated  through  a  long  lite- 
rary life.  It  is  illustrated  by  many  inte- 
resting engravings,  and  its  pages  preserve 
a  few  of  those  social  anecdotes  which  its 
author  was  accustomed  to  relate  with  much 
vivacity. 

He  was  further  distinguished  by  his 
acquaintance  with  mechanical  science,  and 
still  more  by  his  love  of  natural  history. 
In  this  department  of  knowledge  he  pub- 
lished— 

ObservlBitions  on  some  interesting  phe- 
nomena in  Animal  Physiology,  exhibited 
by  several  species  of  Planarise,  1814,  8vo. 

Rare  and  remarkable  Animals  of  Scot- 
land, represented  from  living  subjects : 
with  practical  observations  on  their  na- 
ture. 1847,  4to.  A  handsome  work,  in 
two  costly  quartos,  containing  more  than 
a  hundred  coloured  pbtes  drawn  from  the 
living  subjects. 

The  number  and  extent  of  Sir  John 
Graham  Dalyell' s  works  appear  surprising 
to  those  who  are  acquainted  with  his  fasti- 
dious habits  of  composition.  Some  of 
his  performances  he  copied  four  or  five 
times  over,  before  he  would  commit  them 
to  the  press. 

He  was  also  the  author  of  various  arti- 
cles in  the  Encyclopedia  Britannica. 

Sir  John  Dalyell  received  the  honour  of 
knighthood  by  patent  under  the  great 
seal  in  the  year  183G.  He  succeeded  to 
the  family  title  on  the  death  of  his  elder 
brother,  Sir  James,  Feb.  1,  1841. 

He  was  unmarried,  and  is  succeeded  in 
the  baronetcy  by  his  brother,  now  Sir 
William  Cunningham  Cavendish  Dalyell, 
Commander  R.N.  of  the  Royal  Hospital 
at  Greenwich.  This  gentleman  married, 
in  1820,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Sampayo,  of 
Peterborough  House,  and  has  issue  two 
sons  and  two  daughters. 

Sir  John  A.  B.  M.  MacGregor,  Bart. 

May  II.     At  the  Government  House, 

Tortola,  aged  4y,  Sir  John  Atholl  Baniia- 


tyne  Murray  MacGregor,  the  third  Bart. 
(1795),  of  Lanrick,  co.  Perth,  a  deputy 
Ueutenant  of  that  county,  and  Governor 
of  the  Virgin  Islands. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  Major- 
General  Sir  Evan  John  Murray  Mac- 
Gregor the  second  Baronet,  C.B.  and 
K.C.H.  formerly  Governor- general  of  the 
British  Windward  and  Leeward  Islands,  by 
Lady  Elizabeth  Murray,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  John,  fourth  Duke  of  Atholl,  K.T. 
He  succeeded  to  the  baronetcy  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  June  14,  1841  (see 
our  vol  XVI.  p.  540) .  His  father  had  ob- 
tained licence,  by  royal  sign-manual,  dated 
6th  Sept.  1822,  to  resume  the  ancient 
name  of  MacGregor,  as  the  head  of  that 
clan,  which  had  been  obliged  to  suppress 
their  surname  during  their  proscription  by 
the  Campbells  of  Argyle. 

It  was  only  at  the  close  of  last  year  that 
Sir  John  was  appointed  to  administer  the 
government  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  where 
he  had  arrived  only  seven  weeks  before 
his  death,  and  assumed  the  government  on 
the  24th  of  March. 

He  married,  Nov.  14,  1833,  Mary- 
Charlotte,  youngest  daughter  and  co-heir 
of  Admiral  Sirlliomas  Masterman  Hardy, 
Bart.;  who  is  left  his  widow,  having  had 
issue  Sir  Malcolm,  his  successor,  born  in 
1834,  and  four  other  children. 

Lord  Dundbknnan. 

June  10.  At  the  house  of  his  brother,  in 
Melville-st.  Edinburgh,  in  his  59th  year, 
Thomas  Maitland,  esq.  Lord  Dundrennan, 
one  of  the  Lords  of  Session  and  Justiciary. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Adam 
Maitland,  esq.  of  Dundrennan  abbey,  co. 
Kirkcudbright ;  and  was  born  at  that  place 
on  the  9th  Oct.  1792.  He  was  educated 
at  Edinburgh,  and  was  called  to  the  Sco- 
tish  bar  in  Dec.  1813.  He  had,  for  some 
years,  a  very  extensive  practice,  particu- 
larly in  jury  cases.  He  is  said  to  have 
been  among  the  best  **  staters  **  of  a  case, 
but  less  skilful  in  that  fertility  of  resource 
which  is  deemed  requisite  for  a  successful 
pleader  "in  reply.  On  the  promotion 
of  Lord  Ivory  in  1840,  he  succeeded  to 
the  office  of  Solicitor-General,  which  he 
held  until  Sept.  1841,  when  the  govern- 
ment of  Lord  J.  Russell  was  supplanted 
by  that  of  Sir  R.  Peel.  On  the  death  of 
Mr.  Murray  of  Broughton,  in  1845,  he 
came  forward  as  a  candidate  for  the  repre- 
sentation of  the  Stewartry  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, and  was  elected  by  a  majority  of 
142  votes  over  the  Tory  candidate  Colonel 
M'Douall,  polling  486  votes  against  434. 
When  the  Whigs  returned  to  power  in 
July  184(j,  he  was  again  appointed  Solici- 
tor-GeneraF,  and  elected  without  opposi- 
tion, as  he  was  again  at  the  general  elec- 


1851.]  Obituary. —  William  Adams,  Esq.  LL,D. 


197 


tion  of  1847.  He  held  the  office  of  Soli- 
citor-General from  1846  until  the  begin- 
ning of  1850,  when,  on  the  death  of  Lord 
Jeffrey,  he  was  raised  to  the  bench,  and 
assumed  the  title  of  Lord  Dundrennan. 

Lord  Dundrennan's  judicial  career  was 
brief,  but  short  as  it  was  it  more  than  ful- 
filled the  expectations  of  his  friends.  He 
latterly  bestowed  much  attention  on  the 
management  of  his  estate,  and  was  an 
active  and  intelligent  planter  and  agricul- 
tural improver.  At  an  earlier  period  he 
devoted  himself  to  literary  pursuits,  the 
taste  for  which,  indeed,  never  deserted 
him.  He  took  pleasure  to  the  last  in 
adding  to  the  stores  of  his  fine  library. 
The  students  of  Scotish  literature  have  to 
thank  Mr.  Maitland  for  a  handsome  re- 
print of  Bellenden's  translation  of  Livy 
and  Hector  Boece,  which  he  edited  about 
twenty  years  ago ;  and  we  may  add,  that 
it  was  mainly  through  his  exertions,  about 
two  years  ago,  that  the  Bannatyne  and 
Maitland  Clubs  undertook  a  reprint  of 
that  rare  and  valuable  work,  the  Aberdeen 
Breviary. 

Mr.  Maitland  married,  in  July  1815, 
Isabella  Graham  Macdowall,  third  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  James  Macdowall,  esq.  of 
Garthland,  and  niece  to  the  late  Lord  Her- 
mand.  By  this  lady,  who  survives  him, 
he  has  left  issue  four  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters.— Edinburgh  Courant. 

William  Adams,  Esq.  LL.D. 

June  11.  At  his  residence,  Thorpe,  co. 
Surrey,  in  his  80th  year,  William  Adams, 
esq.  LL.D.  of  Thorpe  aforesaid,  and  of 
Dummer  Grange,  Hants,  formerly  ah  ad- 
vocate in  Doctors'  Commons. 

He  was  born  Jany,  13,  1772,  at  his 
father's  house,  39,  Hatton  Garden,  being 
the  youngest  son  of  Patience  Thomas 
Adams,  esq.  of  Bushey  Grove,  Herts,  who 
was  the  second  son  of  James  Adams,  of 
New  Jenkins,  co.  Essex,  esq.  whose  father 
Major  Adams  was  the  first  who  left  the 
county  of  Pembroke  (where  the  family  had 
for  many  centuries  been  of  considerable 
local  influence),  his  father  having  about  the 
time  of  the  Restoration  dissipated  a  large 
fortune  and  an  estate  in  South  Wales, 
which  had  been  for  many  generations  in 
the  family.  The  present  John  Adams, 
esq.  of  Holyland,  co.  Pembroke,  repre- 
sents the  family  of  Adams  of  Paterchurch 
in  thut  county,  from  which  this  branch  de- 
rives. The  estate  of  New  Jenkins,  co. 
Essex  was,  since  A.D.  1592,  in  the  family 
of  Gill,  keepers  of  the  lions  in  the  Tower 
of  London  (of  whom  there  is  a  long  ac- 
count in  the  Collectanea  Topographica  et 
Genealogica,  vol.  viii.  p.  280),  whence  it 
came  to  the  Spicer  family,  by  the  marriage 
in  A.D.  1680,  of  Mary  Gill,  sister  of  the 


last  proprietor,  to  John  Spicer,  esq.  of 
Standon,  co.  Herts,  barrister-at-law,  whose 
grand-daughter,  Mary  Spicer  (daughter  of 
Luke  and  sister  of  Ralph  de  Lalo  Spicer, 
esq.  alsoof  New  Jenkins,)  married  the  28th 
of  June,  1724  the  above-mentioned  James 
Adams,  the  first  of  that  place.  It  is  now 
in  the  possession  of  the  Rev.  Charles  Beau- 
champ  Cooper,  Rector  of  Morley,  co.  Nor- 
folk, grandson  and  heir  of  the  Rev.  James 
Adams,  Rector  of  South  Ockingdon,  co. 
Essex,  the  eldest  son  and  heir  of  the  said 
James  Adams,  who  first  settled  in  that 
county. 

Dr.  Adams  was  by  his  mother's  side 
lineally  descended  from  the  parents  of 
William  of  Wykeham,  through  the  families 
of  Cracroft,  Barker,  Danvers,  and  Fiennes, 
Lords  Say  and  Sele,  in  right  of  which  de- 
scent his  brother,  the  Rev.  James  Adams, 
late  Rector  of  Chastleton,  co.  Oxford, 
was  admitted  Fellow  of  New  College,  as 
founder's  kin.  Their  mother's  name  was 
Martha,  only  child  of  Thomas  Marsh,  of 
London  (son  of  Henry  and  Ann  Marsh, 
and  grandson  of  Thomas  Marsh,  of  Stony 
Stratford,  co.  Bucks),  by  Martha,  only 
child  of  John  Gerard,  also  of  London, 
whose  wife,  another  Martha,  was  daughter 
of  Charles  Cracroft,  of  Louth,  <co.  Lin- 
coln, esq. 

At  an  early  age  he  was  sent  to  Tun- 
bridge  school,  then  under  the  learned  Dr. 
Vicesimus  Knox,  where  he  distinguished 
himself  greatly  by  his  steady  application  to 
books,  and  acquired  the  friendship  of  the 
late  Edward  Daniel  Clarke,  LL.D.  the 
celebrated  traveller.  He  left  school  at 
the  age  of  16,  matriculated  at  Trinity  Hall, 
Cambridge,  l7th  Dec.  1788,  and  subse- 
quently became  a  Fellow  of  that  society. 
He  had  been  intended  by  his  father  to 
succeed  him  in  the  office  of  Filazer  of  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  held  by  him  for 
about  30  years,  being  then  worth  2,000/. 
a  year,  (See  London  Gazette,  May  18  to 
21,  A.D.  1793)  and  a  treaty  for  purchasing 
the  reversion  of  it  was  pending,  when  his 
premature  death  in  his  57th  year,  on  May 
2nd,  1793,  at  his  house  in  Hatton  Garden, 
put  a  stop  to  the  transaction.  Lord  Ken- 
yon  conferred  the  office  on  the  Hon. 
Lloyd  Kenyon,  his  eldest  son,  then  under 
17  years  of  age,  and  subsequently  on  the 
Hon.  Thomas  Kenyon,  his  third  son,  who 
now  receives  a  pension  of  above  4,000/.  a 
year,  for  consenting  to  its  having  been 
abolished.  Scarcely  two  years  after  his 
father's  death  followed  that  of  his  mother, 
on  Feb.  19,  1795,  in  her  54th  year,  at  her 
residence  at  Enfield,  whither  she  had  re- 
moved after  her  husband's  death,  and  the 
sale  of  the  Hertfordshire  estate*  (Gent. 
Mag.  vol.  Ixv.  p.p.  175,  2.53,  and  345). 
By  her  death  he  inherited%ome  property 


198 


Obituary. —  William  Adams,  Esq,  LL.D. 


[Aug. 


at  and  near  Attleborough,  in  Norfolk,  of 
which,  however,  hoflubsequently  disposed. 

Dr.  Adams  commenced  his  legal  educa- 
tion by  being  more  than  two  years  in  a  spe- 
cial pleader's  office,  applying  himself  to  the 
study  of  common  law,  and  attending  the 
courts  at  Westminster  Hall,  until  about 
the  age  of  35,  when  he  began  to  attend 
the  courts  at  Doctors'  Commons.  In 
1799  he  took  the  degree  of  LL.D.,  and  on 
Not.  4th  of  that  year  was  admitted  into 
the  College  of  Adyocates,  where  he  resided 
for  the  next  twelve  years.  In  a  short  time 
his  professional  practice  became  very  ex- 
tensive, and  in  1805  he  was  offered  the 
place  of  King's  Advocate  General,  then 
worth  about  6,000/.  a  year,  which  he  de- 
clined, thinking,  as  afterwards  indeed  took 
place,  that  on  the  cessation  of  the  war  the 
income  would  be  considerably  reduced  and 
the  expenditure  continue  much  the  same. 
It  was  accepted  by  the  late  Sir  Christopher 
Robinson,  one  of  his  most  intimate  friends. 

On  Nov.  14,  1811,  a  commission  issued 
from  the  Lords  of  the  Admiralty  to  him 
and  several  other  civilians,  to  prepare 
tables  of  fees,  and  regulate  the  practice  of 
the  Vice-Admiralty  Courts  abroad.  This 
they  accomplished  in  about  two  years'  time, 
entering  very  fully  into  subjects  of  a  local 
nature  connected  with  the  different  coun- 
tries, and  taking  as  a  basis  the  practice  of 
the  High  Court  of  Admiralty,  excepting  in 
the  case  of  Sierra  Leone,  where  an  old 
table  had  been  for  some  time  in  use,  which 
however  was  then  greatly  modified.  These 
tableswere  confirmed  at  Carlton  H  ouse,  July 
15,  1813,  (Lord  Stowell  expressing  his 
great  confidence  in  the  ability  and  integrity 
of  the  Commissioners)  and  they  were  ac- 
cordingly used  in  the  respective  courts. 

His  next  public  employment  was  on 
July  30,  1814,  as  a  Commissioner,  to- 
gether with  the  late  Lord  Gambler  and 
Mr.  Goulburn,  afterwards  Chancellor  of 
the  Exchequer,  to  negociate  and  conclude 
a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  United  States 
of  America,  shortly  after  the  capture  of 
Washington.  (Gent.  Mag.  vol.  Ixxxiv.  p. 
287).  They  arrived  at  Ghent  m  Flanders 
ton  the6th  of  August  following,  and  found 
he  American  Commissioners,  one  of  whom 
was  the  celebrated  John  Quincy  Adams, 
afterwards  President  of  the  United  States, 
already  there.  The  proceedings  commenced 
on  the  8th,  and,  owing  chiefly  to  the  dispute 
about  including  the  Indians  in  the  pacifica- 
tion, continued  nearly  five  months.  Dr. 
Adams  undertook  the  sole  preparation  of  the 
dispatches  relating  to  maritime  rights  and 
subjects  of  that  kind,  which  were  the  most 
important  parts  of  the  treaty,  and  it  was 
his  custom  to  prepare  on  the  previous 
night  a  synopsis  of  the  various  turns  the 
discusflion  mi^t  take  the  next  day,  and 


the  answers  most  fitting  to  be  made  by 
himself  and  the  two  other  CommissionerB. 
At  last  a  compromise  was  effected,  and  a 
treaty  of  peace  and  amity  (given  in  full  in 
the  Annual  Register,  vol.  57,  p.  253)  was 
concluded,  and  the  Commissioners  shortly 
afterwards  returned.  (Gent.  Mag.  toI. 
Ixxxiv.  p.  665). 

A  few  months  subsequently  a  letter 
from  Lord  Stowell  informed  him  that  Ida 
diplomatic  conduct  at  Ghent  was  highly 
approved  of  by  Government,  and  that  (on 
Lord  Stowell's  mention  of  his  name  to 
Lord  Sidmouth)  he  had  been  named  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Inquiry  into  thei 
Duties,  Salaries,  &c.  of  the  Courts  of  Jus-i 
tice  in  England  (usually  called  the  Fee 
Commission),  with  a  salary  of  1 ,200/.  a 
year.  Accordingly  on  Feb.  9th,  1815,  he, 
together  with  John  Campbell,  esq.  then 
one  of  the  Masters  in  Chancery,  die  late 
Lord  Chief  Baron  Alexander,  the  late 
Judge  Burrough,  and  Wm.  Osgoode,  esq. 
formerly  Chief  Justice  in  Canada,  was  so 
constituted.  They  proceeded  to  make 
reports  on  the  Court  of  Chancery,  King*8 
Bench,  Common  Pleas,  and  Exchequer, 
and  subsequently  on  all  the  Ecclesiastical 
Courts.  In  preparing  the  table  of  fees 
Dr.  Adams  always  steadily  opposed  too 
great  a  deduction  being  made,  lest  the  dif- 
ferent offices  should  be  rendered  liable  to 
be  filled  by  persons  unequal  to  perform 
their  duties  properly.  Tliis  commission 
lasted  for  about  nine  years,  and  Dr.  Adams 
continued  all  that  time  upon  it  It  ap- 
pears that  the  number  of  days  on  which 
they,  met  as  a  board  were  nearly  200  in 
each  year,  and  that  most  of  the  business 
was  transacted  by  the  Commissioners  sepa- 
rately. 

In  June  1815,  at  the  instigation  of  Lord 
Castlereagh,  Dr.  Adams,  together  with  the 
present  Earl  of  Ripon  and  Mr.  Goulburn, 
were  named  Plenipotentiaries  to  treat  of 
and  conclude  a  convention  of  commerce 
between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States,  which  was  accordingly  concluded, 
and  signed  in  London,  on  July  3rd,  in  the 
same  year. 

In  Dec.  1815,  by  the  death  of  Sir  Wm. 
Wynne,  the  mastership  of  Trinity  Hall 
became  vacant.  On  his  deathbed  he  had 
expressed  his  anxious  wish  that  Dr.  Adams 
should  succeed  him  in  that  office,  saying 
that  he  considered  him  the  most  eminent 
man  at  that  time  in  the  college.  This  was 
signified  by  Lord  StoweU  to  Dr.  Adams, 
who  accordingly  consented  to  be  a  candi- 
date, though  he  had  some  years  since  ceased 
to  be  a  Fellow.  Mr.  Le  Blanc  however, 
who  undertook  to  announce  Dr.  Adams' 
intentions  to  the  other  Fellows,  having  at 
first  declined  the  honour  for  himself,  sub- 
sequently changed  his  own  mind,  and  was 


J  851.]  Obituary.-!- FFf//«ww  Adams,  Esq.  LLJ). 


199 


elected  master ;  and,  though  on  his  tem- 
porary resignation  in  Dec.  1818  Dr. 
Adams  was  strongly  urged  again  to  come 
forward,  he  declined  so  to  do,  alleging 
that  he  could  not  now  fulfil  the  dying  wish 
of  his  late  eminent  friend  of  being  hisimme- 
mediate  successor,  and  thereby  prevent  the 
interruption  of  the  line  of  civilians  as  masters 
which  he  had  desired,  both  for  the  sake  of 
the  profession  to  which  he  belonged,  and 
from  a  belief  that  all  the  modem  benefac- 
tions to  that  society  had  been  from  that 
branch  of  the  profession. 

On  July  5th,  1830,  the  bill  for  the 
divorcement  of  Queen  Caroline  was  read 
the  first  time  in  the  House  of  Lords,  and 
on  the  following  day  the  counsel  for  the 
Bill  were  called  in.  They  consisted  of  the 
Attorney-General,  (Gifford)  the  Solicitor- 
General,  (Copley)  Sir  C.  Robinson,  Dr. 
Adams,  and  the  present  Mr.  Baron  Parke. 
Of  this  trial  there  is  a  famous  picture  by 
Sir  George  Hajrter,  often  engraved,  in  which 
are  the  portraits  of  all  the  persons  engaged 
therein.  The  perusal  and  preparation  of 
the  numerous  papers  relating  to  this  affair, 
and  his  other  professional  business,  having 
increased  to  a  very  great  degree,  obliged 
Dr.  Adams  frequently  to  sit  up  the  whole 
night,  and  allow  himself  scarcely  any  re- 
laxation. Very  shortly  after  this  his  health 
began  to  give  way,  and  at  length,  in  Sept. 
1825,  he  relinquished  his  profession,  and 
retired  finally  from  practice. 

On  May  31st,  1830,  he  gave  evidence  at 
some  length  before  the  Ecclesiastical  Com- 
missioners touching  the  practise  of  those 
Courts,  and  again,  on  June  24th,  1833,  at 
a  still  greater  length  before  the  Select 
Committee  on  the  Admiralty  Courts, 
maintaining  strongly  the  necessity  of  a 
separate  bar  for  civilians,  to  enable  them  to 
confine  their  attention  to  the  laws  of 
nations  in  maritime  and  other  matters 
(which  are  always  likely  to  arise  suddenly 
on  the  first  break  out  of  a  war),  and  shew- 
ing also  that  in  the  time  of  peace  some 
other  employment  (such  as  now  exists) 
was  absolutely  necessary  for  the  purpose 
of  keeping  them  together  as  a  body.  (See 
the  Reports  of  those  dates.) 

For  the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life  Dr. 
Adams  resided  constantly  at  Thorpe,  in 
Surrey,  and  he  always  shewed  himself  ac- 
tive to  the  interests  of  his  parish  by  his 
constant  attendance  at  vestries,  savings^ 
banks,  and  such  like  duties.  His  loss  will 
be  deeply  felt  by  his  neighbours,  to  whom 
his  perfect  knowledge  of  ecclesiastical  law 
was  a  frequent  assistance ;  by  the  poor,  to 
whom  he  was  a  constant  and  liberal  bene- 
factor; and  by  all  around  him,  on  whom 
his  example  of  continual  self-denial  and 
consistent  uprightness  can  never  be  thrown 
away. 


He  enjoyed,  amongst  that  of  many 
others,  the  friendship  in  a  particular  degree 
of  the  late  Lords  Eldon  and  Stowell,  Sir 
John  Nicholl,  Dean  Milner,  Mr.  Wol- 
laston.  Admiral  Sir  John  Borlase  War- 
ren, Lord  Gambler,  Archdeacon  Wrang- 
ham.  Sir  Alexander  Croke,  the  learned 
Dr.  Bennet,  Bishop  of  Cloyne,  &c. 

He  married  first,  Aug.  31, 1803,  at  Kens- 
worth,  Herts,  Sarah,  daughter  and  co- 
heiress of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  Rector 
of  King's  Stanley,  co.  Gloucester,  descended 
from  the  ancient  families  of  Herbert,  of 
Tintern  Abbey,  and  that  of  Rokeby,  of 
Rokeby  (Gent.  Mag.  vol.  Ixxii.p.  880).  She 
died,  however,  shortly  afterwards  on  Feb. 
3rd,  1806,  and  was  buried  the  8th  follow- 
ing at  Chelsea,  leaving  no  issue.  (Gent. 
Mag.  vol.  Ixxvi.  p.  1 85).  The  death  of  her 
sister,  Emma  Anne  Scott,  which  happened 
in  Feb.  last,  is  recorded  in  Gent.  Mag. 
vol.  XXXV.  N.s.  p.  330. 

His  second  wife,  the  Hon.  Mary-Anne 
Adams,  who  survives  him,  was  daughter 
and  coheiress  of  the  late  Hon.  William 
Cockayne,  of  Rushton  Hall,  co.  North, 
ampton,  and  niece  of  Borlase  sixth  Lord 
Viscount  Cullen,  after  whose  death,  un- 
married, in  1810,  the  title  became  ex- 
tinct. She  was  raised  by  patent,  Sept.  4, 
1838,  to  the  rank  and  precedence  of  a 
Viscount^s  daughter.  (Gent.  Mag.  vol.  x. 
N.s.  p.  438).  Their  marriage  was  per- 
formed April  6,  1811,  by  the  Lord  Bishop 
of  Cloyne,  at  Marylebone  Church,  at  the 
same  time  with  that  of  her  sister  to  T.  P. 
Maunsell,  esq.  of  Thorpe  Malsor,  co. 
Northampton,  now  M.P.  for  North  North- 
amptonshire. By  her  Dr.  Adams  had  four 
sons  andfour  daughters,  all  of  whom  survive 
him.  The  eldest  son,  the  Rev.  William 
Cockayne  Adams,  M.  A.  Rector  of  Dummer, 
Hants,  inherits  his  father's  estate  at  Dum- 
mer Grange  and  the  adv^^wson  of  Dum» 
mer  ;  while  some  property  at  Nutley,  also 
in  that  county,  is  devised  to  his  second 
son,  Borlase  Hill  Adams,  esq.  M.A.  bar* 
rister-at-law,  of  Lincoln's  Inn.  The  third 
son  the  Rev.  Henry  Willoughby  Adams, 
M.A.  is  now  curate  of  Sibbertoft,  co. 
Northampton  ;  and  the  youngest,  George 
Edward  Adams,  B.A.  is  a  student-at-law, 
of  Lincoln's  Inn. 

The  marriage  of  his  second  daughter, 
Georgiana-Catharine  on  June  4tb,  1839> 
to  her  first  cousin,  the  Rev.  George  Adams, 
B.D.  of  Cbastleton,  co.  Oxon  (which  he 
inherited  from  his  father,  the  Rev.  James 
Adams,  Rector  of  Cbastleton,  aforesaid), 
and  Rector  of  Farndon,  co.  Northampton, 
is  in  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xii.  n.s.  p.  195;  and 
that  of  his  third  daughter,  Louisa-Anne,  on 
May  6th,  1845,  to  Henry  H.  Gibbs,  of 
Clifton  Hampden,  co.  Oxon,andbf  Alden- 
ham  House,  Herts,  esq.  gKiat-nephew  of 


200 


Obitvaky, •^"Lieut.'CoL  C.  C.  Michelly  K.H,  [Aug. 


the  late  Lord  Chief  Justice  Gibbs,  is  in 
Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xxiv.  n.s.  p.  74.)  His 
eldest  and  youngest  daughters,  Barbara- 
Margaretta  Adams,  and  Eliza  Adams,  are 
both  unmarried. 

The  house  and  other  property  at  Thorpe 
are  devised  to  his  widow,  the  Hon.  Mary- 
Anne  Adams.  Dr.  Adams  continued  in 
his  usual  health  till  Saturday  June  7th, 
when  he  complained  of  a  pain  in  his  side, 
caused  as  afterwards  appeared  by  in- 
flammation of  the  lungs,  which  in  less  than 
four  days  proved  fatal  to  his  existence. 
His  remains  were  interred  on  the  17th  in  a 
vault  in  the  churchyard  of  Thorpe. 

LlEUT.-COL.    C.  C.  MiCHELL,   K.H. 

March  28.  At  Eltham,  on  the  eve  of 
completing  his  58th  year,  Lieut.  Col. 
Charles  Comwallis  Michell,  K.H.,  K.T.S. 
and  K.StB.A.,  late  Surveyor-general  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Admiral 
Sampson  Michell  of  the  Brazilian  navy, 
(eldest  son  of  Thomas  Michell,  esq.  of 
Croftwest,  co.  Cornwall),  by  Anne,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  Shears,  M.D.  of  Bristol ; 
and  he  was  born  at  Exeter  on  the  29th 
March,  1793.  He  entered  the  R.  Mil. 
Academy  at  Woolwich  as  a  cadet  in  1807, 
and  obtained  his  commission  as  Second 
Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Artillery  in  1809. 
In  1810  he  embarked  for  Gibraltar ;  and 
shortly  after,  by  the  interest  of  his  cousin 
the  late  Sir  Rufane  Shaw  Don  kin,  he 
joined  the  army  in  Portugal,  where,  in 
command  of  a  brigade  of  Portuguese  artil- 
lery, he  gained  great  credit  at  the  siege 
and  capture  of  Badajos,  and  in  the  battles 
of  Vittoria  and  Toulouse.  Towards  the 
close  of  the  field  of  Toulouse,  he  received 
a  severe  contusion  from  a  spent  ball,  which 
kept  him  for  some  weeks  on  crutches. 
He  received  the*  silver  medal  for  Badajos, 
and  the  gold  medal  and  clasp  for  Vittoria 
and  Toulouse.  In  March  1844,  in  regard 
to  his  own  services  and  those  of  his  father, 
the  Queen  of  Portugal  sent  him  the  order 
of  St.  Bento  d^Avis  ;  and  in  Sept.  1846, 
her  Faithful  Majesty  nominated  him  also 
a  Commander  of  the  order  of  the  Tower 
and  Sword. 

On  the  return  of  the  Portuguese  army 
to  Lisbon,  he  was  attached  to  the  staff  of 
Field-Marshal  Beresford ;  whom  in  1820 
he  accompanied  to  the  Brazils,  and  thence 
retired  to  France. 

In  1823  he  became  a  candidate  for  the 
situation  of  Military  Drawing  Master  at 
the  Royal  Military  College  at  Sandliurst; 
and  with  no  further  recommendation  than 
a  plan  of  the  town  of  Passages,  which  he 
had  drawn  and  engraved,  he  was  elected 
to  the  office  on  the  25th  March,  1824. 
On  the  27th  ISept  1825,  he  was  appointed 
12 


Professor  of  Fortification  in  the  same  in- 
stitution. 

In  1828  he  received  the  appointment  of 
Surveyor-general,  Civil  Engineer,  and 
Superintendent  of  Works  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  where  he  remained  for  nearly 
twenty  years.  His  zealous  exertions  in 
the  execution  of  his  various  duties  began  to 
affect  his  health  in  the  twelfth  year  of  his 
residence  in  the  colony  ;  but  his  ardent 
desire  to  complete  the  great  works  in 
which  he  was  engaged  made  him  disre- 
gard the  repeated  warnings  of  his  medical 
friends,  until  the  increase  of  his  malady 
induced  an  apoplectic  fit,  on  the  23rd  Dec. 
1847.  He  resigned  his  appointment  in 
July  1848,  and  returned  home  in  Nov. 
following,  with  a  retiring  allowance  of 
350/.  per  annum.  His  salary  had  been 
700/.  and  the  same  was  continued  to  his 
late  assistant  and  successor  as  Surveyor, 
Charles  Bell,  esq. ;  whilst  the  appointments 
of  Civil  Engineer  and  Superintendent  of 
Works  were  conferred  on  Capt.  Pilking- 
ton,  with  a  salary  of  1000/.,  a  circumstance 
which  seems  to  imply  that  Colonel  Michell 
had  been  greatly  underpaid. 

Nearly  all  the  great  public  works  which 
have  changed  the  aspect  of  the  colony 
were  undertaken  and  accomplished  in  ac- 
cordance with  Colonel  Michell' s  plans, 
and  under  his  immediate  superintendence. 
Some  of  his  roads  across  the  gigantic 
mountains  are  unsurpassed  in  boldness  of 
conception  and  beauty  of  execution,  by 
any  works  of  the  kind  in  other  parts  of 
the  world;  whilst  in  tracing  and  com- 
pleting lines  of  road  through  the  sandy 
flats  or  downs  he  was  not  less  successful 
in  combating  difficulties  and  obstacles 
more  embarrassing  than  those  presented 
to  the  engineer  by  rocks  and  mountains. 
The  Cape  is  also  indebted  to  him  for  two 
lighthouses,  one  in  Table  Bay,  and  the 
other  in  Cape  Agathas.  The  latter  was 
his  favourite  and  laborious  task,  to  the 
accomplishment  of  which,  and  to  preparing 
the  plans  and  estimates  for  a  projected 
sea-wall  in  Rogge  Bay,  the  future  orna- 
ment of  the  city,  he  devoted  his  last  la- 
bours in  the  colony. 

Colonel  Michell  was  an  artist  of  no 
mean  abilities.  His  engravings  are  studied 
and  artistic  ;  his  paintings  in  oil,  the  em- 
ployment of  his  few  leisure  hours  at  home, 
are  highly  esteemed  by  his  friends  at  the 
Cape,  among  whom  they  were  distributed. 
He  was  besides  a  proficient  in  instrumental 
music,  and  spoke  the  principal  European 
languages  with  fluency  and  ease.  * 

During  the  Kafir  war  in  1834,  he  acted 
as  Assistant  Quartermaster-general,  and  he 
received  in  acknowledgment  the  Hano- 
verian Guelphic  Order  from  King  Wil- 
liam IV. 


1851.] 


Obituary.— il/r.  Dyce  Sombre. 


201 


He  married,  on  the  I7th  Oct.  1844, 
Anne,  only  daughter  of  Jean  Pierre  d'Ar- 
ragon,  a  retired  officer  of  the  army  of  Louis 
XVI.  and  had  issue  four  daughters. — 
Abridged  from  the  United  Service  Ma- 
gazine, 


Mr.  Dyce  Sombre. 

July  1.  At  his  apartments  in  Davies 
Street,  David  Ochterlony  Dyce  Sombre, 
esq. 

Though  few  names  have  acquired  a 
greater  degree  of  scandalous  notoriety  than 
that  of  this  person,  there  was  little  re- 
markable about  him  beyond  his  pedigree 
and  his  wealth.  His  paternal  grandfather 
was  a  Scotsman,  a  native  of  the  town  of 
Aberdeen,  and  his  grandfather  on  the 
mother's  side  an  Alsatian  Frenchman,  a 
native  of  the  city  of  Strasburgh.  Both 
paternal  and  maternal  grandmothers  were 
Indian  Mahomedan  concubines  of  their 
respective  lords.  The  history  of  the  ma- 
ternal grandfather  alone  is  remarkable. 

He  was  a  French  adventurer  named 
Gaultier  Reignard,  originally  a  private  in 
the  company  of  Switzers  in  the  British 
service  at  Calcutta,  (from  which  he  de- 
serted to  the  Nabob  of  Oude,)  who  for 
his  sullen  look  went  with  his  countrymen 
under  the  name  of  Sombre,  or  *'  the 
gloomy.''  The  natives,  who  could  not 
make  the  two  consonants  at  the  end  of 
the  French  word  to  coalesce,  dropped  the 
b,  and  adding  a  vowel,  the  word  became 
Somru,  which  our  English  orthography 
writes  Sumroo.  Such  is  the  origin  of  the 
patronymic  of  the  Sumroos,  to  which  was 
prefixed  the  surname  of  the  Caledonian 
grandfather,  Dyce.  Reignard  engaged  in 
the  service  of  Meer  Cassim,  Nabob  of 
Bengal,  when  he  was  concerned  in  hosti- 
lities with  the  English.  In  revenge  for 
the  capture  of  one  of  his  fortresses,  the 
Nabob  resolved  on  the  massacre  of  his 
English  prisoners,  and  accordingly  put, 
it  is  supposed,  about  200  to  death.  **  He 
found,  says  one  of  our  Indian  historians, 
''  a  fit  instrument  in  a  renegade  French- 
man of  the  name  of  Sumroo.''  He  ought 
to  have  added  that  all  the  Indian  chiefs 
had  refused  to  perform  the  part  of  exedu- 
tioner-in-chief.  This  happened  in  Oct. 
1763  :  and  a  month  later,  Patra,  where 
the  massacre  took  place,  was  stormed  and 
taken  by  the  English.  Reignard  of  course 
fled,  to  escape  being  hung  or  shot ;  and 
being  a  man  of  courage  and  enterprise,  he, 
in  due  time,  succeeded  in  establishing  for 
himself  an  independent  principality  in  the 
north-western  part  of  India,  at  Surdhana, 
some  thirty  miles  from  Delhi.  This  was 
not  a  difficult  achievement  at  the  moment, 
which  was  that  of  the  dissolution  of  the 
Mogul  empire.     An  Irish  cabin-boy  from 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVl. 


the  fleet  of  Admiral  Hughes,  George  The- 
mas  by  name,  did  the  same  thing,  even  on 
a  larger  scale,  not  long  after.  Reignard 
fell  in  love  with  a  Cashmerian  dancing 
girl,  married  her,  and  made  a  Roman  Ca- 
tholic of  her.  This  was  the  celebrated 
Begum  Sumroo,  the  word  begum  meaning 
in  the  Persian  language  **  a  woman  of 
rank."  The  Begum  had  no  children  by 
Reignard  or  any  one  else,  nor  is  it  indeed 
very  usual  that  persons  of  her  early  pro- 
fession should  bear  children.  He  had, 
however,  by  a  Mahomedan  concubine,  a 
daughter,  who  was  adopted  by  the  Begum 
as  her  own  child,  according  to  the  laws 
and  customs  of  the  East. 

This  daughter  the  Begum  married  to 
Mr.  Dyce,  the  half-caste  son  of  Captain 
Dyce  of  the  Indian  army,  and  the  late 
Mr.  Dyce  Sumroo  or  Sombre  was  the  fruit 
of  the  marriage.  The  Begum  succeeded 
her  husband  in  the  principality,  and  ad- 
ministered it  with  great  skill  for  near  half 
a  century.  In  1803,  she  fought  against 
the  Duke  of  Wellington  at  Assaye  as  an 
auxiliary  of  the  Mahratta  chief  Scindiah, 
and,  after  the  defeat,  she  fled  to  northern 
Hindustan,  and  made  her  peace  with  the 
Marquess  Wellesley,  entering  into  a  treaty 
with  him  by  which  her  principality,  on 
her  demise,  should  lapse  to  the  British 
Government,  her  personal  property  to  be 
at  her  own  disposal.  Mr.  Dyce,  her 
adopted  son,  was  to  have  been  her  heir, 
and  he  commanded  her  army ;  but  in  her 
extreme  old  age  she  detected  him  in  an 
intrigue,  imprisoned  and  disinherited  him, 
substituting  his  son  in  his  room  ;  and  thug 
the  late  Mr.  Dyce  Sumroo  became  the  in- 
heritor of  a  French  nickname  and  of  half 
a  million  sterling,  which  was  paid  over  to 
him  from  the  Anglo-Indian  Exchequer, 
where  it  had  been  deposited. 

He  appeared  in  this  country  about  a 
dozen  years  ago,  bringing  with  him  a  re- 
putation of  almost  fabulous  wealth,  and  of 
being  thoroughly  Oriental  in  education, 
customs  of  life,  and  manners  of  thought. 
His  arrival  attracted  much  notice.  He 
became  one  of  the  f^ted  lions  of  the  sea- 
son, and  ultimately  married,  in  1840,  the 
Hon.  Mary-Anne  Jervis,  daughter  of  the 
Viscount  St.  Vincent.  A  separation  soon 
took  place,  and  the  legal  proceedings  con- 
sequent upon  this  ill-starred  marriage — 
followed  by  those  adopted  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  Mr.  Dyce  Sombre's  lu- 
nacy— were  long  matters  of  public  talk 
and  universal  notoriety.  His  attempt  to 
enter  public  life  was  seconded  by  the 
worthy  and  enlightened  electors  of  Sud- 
bury, who  sent  him  to  Parliament ;  from 
whence,  however,  he  was  speedily  ejected 
on  petition,  the  borough  being  soon  after- 
wards, mainly  in  consequence  of  proceed- 

2D 


202 


Obituary. — G.  B.  Thomeycroji,  Esq. 


[Aug. 


ings  at  that  election,  disfranchised.  For 
the  last  few  years  Mr.  Sombre  has  resided 
on  the  Continent,  to  escape  the  effects  of 
the  decision  of  the  Court  of  Chancery  in 
his  case,  a  decision  which  he  had  tome 
OTer  to  petition  against  when  he  was  seized 
with  his  fatal  illness,  in  which  he  endured 
much  pain  with  great  fortitude.  He  was 
attended  by  Sir  Benjamin  Brodie,  Dr. 
Holland,  and  Mr.  Charles  Hawkins.  In 
consequence  of  his  death  in  a  state  of 
lunacy,  his  money  in  the  funds,  railway 
shares,  and  other  property,  of  the  annual 
value  of  11,000/.,  will  become  divisible 
between  Captain  Troup  and  General  Sol- 
droli,  the  husbands  of  his  two  sisters,  who 
are  next  of  kin.  An  additional  sum,  pro- 
ducing 4000/.  a  year,  will  also  fall  to  their 
families  on  the  death  of  the  Hon.  Mrs. 
Dyce  Sombre. 

G.  B.  Thornetcroft,  Ksa. 

April  28.  At  Chapel  House,  near  Wol- 
verhampton, in  his  60th  year,  George 
Benjamin  Thomeycroft,  esq.  a  magistrate 
fbr  Staffordshire  and  Shropshire. 

Mr.  Thorheycroft  was  the  son  of  a 
working  man,  and  himself  educated  to  earn 
his  bread  by  the  sweat  of  his  brow.  He 
was  bom  in  the  parish  of  Tipton,  Stafford- 
shire, August  20, 1791.  In  his  childhood 
he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Kirkstall 
Forge,  near  Leeds,  conducted  by  Messrs. 
Beecroft,  Butler,  and  Co.  and  he  was  em- 
ployed there  until  about  the  18th  year  of 
his  age,  when  he  returned  with  his  father 
into  Staffordshire.  He  entered  the  service 
of  the  Messrs.  Addenbrook  and  Co.  at 
the  Moorcroft  Ironworks,  near  Bilston, 
and  resided  with  his  brother  for  several 
Fears  in  a  humble  tenement  at  Moxley. 
He  was,  very  shortly  after  his  engagement, 
selected  on  account  of  his  ability,  probity, 
and  skill  as  a  workman,  to  superintend 
part  of  his  employers'  works,  and  in  this 
bonfidential  post  he  continued  until  he  was 
about  26  years  old ;  he  then  commenced  a 
small  ironwork  at  Willenball,  where  he  re- 
mained until  the  year  1824,  when,  in  part- 
nership with  his  twin  brother,  the  late  Mr. 
Edward  Thomeycroft,  he  established  the 
Shrubbery  Ironworks,  near  Wolverhamp- 
ton. In  its  earlier  years  the  *'  make  "  of 
this  work  was  about  ten  tons  per  week  ; 
its  present  produce  is  probably  not  less 
than  800  tons  weekly.  It  was  in  this 
work  that  the  energetic  and  eminently 
practical  character  of  Mr.  Thomeycroft 
found  scope.  With  his  position,  as  an 
independent  manufacturer,  his  views  be- 
came enlarged ;  an  opening  market  was 
before  him,  and  he  resolved  to  take  in  it  a 
prominent  place,  by  establishing  a  high 
character  for  the  iron  furnished  at  his 
works,  combined  with  moderation  in  price. 


By  his  diligence  and  practical  knowledge 
in  the  manufacture  of  iron  he  made  his  in- 
tention a  reality.  His  skilful  and  prac- 
tised eye  often  saw  a  fault  where  otherSf 
less  experienced,  saw  none;  his  know- 
ledge, too,  of  the  different  qualities  of  the 
various  ores,  and  of  th^r  necessary  com- 
binations, was  not  exceeded  by  the  most 
practised  workman  on  the  ground.  The 
consequence  was  the  realisation  of  a  good 
fortune.  But  throughout  Mr.  Thomey- 
croft never  forgot  the  interest  of  the  work- 
men he  employed,  and  higher  wages  were 
generally  given  at  the  Shrubbery  Iron- 
works than  at  most  others.  Himself 
sprang  from  the  class  for  whom  his  spi- 
rited enterprise  created  extended  means  of 
employment,  he  was  not  more  familiar 
with  their  trials,  than  considerate  of  their 
claims. 

The  transition  into  public  life  was  na- 
tural, almost  inevitable,  fie  was  often 
invited  to  become  a  party  in  making  re- 
presentations to  Government  on  subjects 
connected  with  the  trade,  and  the  sound 
practical  views  which  it  became  his  duty 
to  impress  upon  men  in  authority  were 
presented  with  such  plain  straightforward 
arguments  as  to  be  irresistible. 

In  politics,  as  in  all  other  affairs,  Mr. 
Thomeycroft  was  candid  and  straightfor- 
ward. His  opinions  were  Conservative. 
He  valued  order;  believing,  and  traly, 
that  order  was  the  best  friend  of  the  in- 
dustrious working  man,  and  believing  also 
that  order  presented  the  only  safe  step- 
ping-stones for  the  humbler  classes  to 
comfort  and  eminence.  To  show  the  value 
attached  to  his  personal  character,  we  may 
mention  that,  although  he  took  no  active 
part  in  the  incorporation  of  the  town  of 
Wolverhampton,  he  was  selected  to  be  its 
first  Mayor,  in  the  year  1849.  His  accession 
to  the  office  was  marked  by  a  splendid  ex- 
hibition of  hospitality.  He  gave  to  the  Cor- 
poration its  silver-gilt  mace ;  and,  better 
than  this,  he  marked  the  period  by  devoting 
the  interest  of  1000/.  to  be  given  for  ever, 
to  provide  blankets  for  the  poor.  Mr. 
Thomeycroft  was  also  in  the  commission 
of  the  peace  for  the  counties  of  Stafford 
and  Salop,  and,  until  recently,  took  an 
active  part  in  the  magisterial  business  of 
the  town  and  district.  From  even  the 
suspicion  of  partiality  his  decisions  were 
uniformly  exempt ;  and  they  were  always 
communicated  in  such  clear  though  often 
homely  terms,  that  even  losing  parties 
went  away  with  a  good-humoured  convic- 
tion (after  one  of  Mr.  Tboraeycroft's  apt 
expositions  of  the  merits  and  demerits  of 
the  case)  that  their  case  had  failed,  and 
that  the  judgment  demanded  their  acqui- 
escence. In  addressing  a  popular  as- 
sembly, Mr.  Thomeycroft  was  peculiarly 


1851.] 


Obituary. — George  Bush,  Esq. 


203 


powerful  and  felicitous.  His  matter  was 
well  selected  aiid  his  points  **  told/'  while 
his  phraseology  was  thoroughly  simple  and 
unstrained.  His  appearance  at  an  assem- 
bly of  his  fellow-townsmen  was  the  enthu- 
siastic signal  for  the  proposal  of  some 
straightforward,  intelligible,  liberal  mea- 
sures ;  and  his  influence,  though  uniformly 
aimed  in  the  right  direction,  seldom  failed 
in  accomplishing  its  object. 

From  his  early  years  Mr,  Thorneycroft 
had  been  attached  to  the  Wesleyan  per- 
suasion ;  yet  the  Established  Church  was 
an  especial  object  of  his  reverence  and  re- 
gard ;  and  his  gifts  to  it,  and  his  exertions 
in  its  toehalf,  often  brought  him  promi- 
nently before  the  public.  His  appeals 
at  charitable  meetings  were  ever  highly 
effective  and  successful.  He  was  equally 
sensible  of  the  abstract  worthlessness  of 
riches  in  all  the  great  emergencies  of  hu- 
man nature,  and  yet  alive  to  the  relative 
duties  involved  in  their  possession.  The 
generous  hospitalities  that  distinguished 
alike  his  official  inaugurations,  and  his  do- 
mestic hearth,  were  an  exemplary  model 
to  the  public,  and  to  the  private  man  of 
substance.  But  his  munificent  contribu- 
tions were  not  devoted  to  the  follies  and 
expensive  triflings  of  fashionable  life,  but 
to  the  religious  institutes,  to  the  charitable 
endowments,  and  the  general  ameliora- 
tions of  our  social  system.  Yet  the  inge- 
nuous fear  of  having  damaged  the  Chris- 
tian character,  and  done  mischief  to  his 
own  soul,  by  suffering  himself  to  be  too 
much  absorbed  in  the  business,  excite- 
ments, factions,  and  associations  of  the 
world,  led  him  to  frequent  self-abasement 
and  secret  sorrow  and  confession  before 
God.  Under  a  naturally  robust  and  em- 
phatic manner,  he  concealed  a  peculiar  sen- 
sitiveness to  sacred  and  devout  impressions. 

Four  or  five  years  ago  *Mr.  Thorneycroft 
^as  dreadfully  scalded  by  the  explosion  of 
a  boiler  at  his  works  at  Willenhall.  From 
the  effects  of  the  accident,  which  confined 
him  to  his  house  for  about  nine  months, 
he  never  completely  recovered.  Other- 
wise his  constitution  was  vigorous,  and  in 
person  he  exceeded  the  common  size. 

His  funeral  was  solemnly  observed 
throughout  the  town  of  Wolverhampton. 
The  procession  to  the  cemetery  was  led  by 
the  corporation  of  the  borough,  the  board 
of  guardians,  and  many  gentiemen  of  the 
neighbourhood.  The  hearse  was  preceded 
by  five  coaches  containing  the  clergymen, 
the  pall- bearers  and  bearers;  and  followed 
by  three  others  containing  the  mourners. 
The  bearers  of  the  pall  were,  John  Barker, 
esq.  sheriff  of  the  county,  Joseph  Walker, 
esq.  the  mayor  of  Wolverhampton,  John 
Perks,  esq.  Michael  Graizebrook,  esq. 
James  Baird,  esq.  M.P.  (a  distinguished 


representative  of  the  Scotch  iron  trade), 
Thomas  Perry,  esq.  George  Beecroft,  esq. 
and  J.  A.  FuUarton,  e§q.  The  principal 
mourners  were,  Thomas  Thorneycroft^ 
esq.  (son  of  the  deceased),  John  Hartley, 
esq.  Charles  Corser,  esq.  and  Charlei 
Perry,  esq.  (his  sons-in-law),  T.  T.  Kei* 
teven,  esq.  and  Edward  Thorneycroft,  esq. 
Then  followed  the  private  carriages  of  the 
deceased  and  his  friends;  and  the  whole 
cavalcade  was  closed  by  nearly  a  thousand 
of  the  deceased's  workmen,  walking  by 
three  and  three.  **  As  I  looked  (remarks 
Mr.  Owen  *)  with  the  deepest  interest  on 
that  multitude  of  workmen,  clad  in  th6 
decent  garb  of  mourning — fine,  sturdy, 
intelligent-looking  set  of  men  as  they 
were — I  could  not  help  feeling  that  they 
were  the  hands  and  sinews  and  muscles 
who  had  created  the  wealth  of  the  master 
capitalist ;  but  Ms  was  the  mind  that, 
like  an  engineer,  directed  all  that  living 
machinery,  and  socially  created  its  mighty 
powers  of  production  I^^ 

The  humbleness  of  his  origin,  connected 
with  the  height  of  his  ultimate  elevation, 
spread  the  applicable  value  of  his  example 
over  a  larger  surface  of  society  than  usually 
falls  to  the  lot  of  many  men  to  influence. 
He  taught  both  **  how  to  be  abased  and 
how  to  abound'' — the  mechanic  and  the 
merchant  alike  learn  from  his  precedent 
both  how  to  earn  and  how  to  spend  the 
honourable  wage  of  industry.  Such  a 
man's  biography  is  an  illustration  of  the 
commonwealth  of  which  he  was  a  citizen, 
that  insists  upon  no  caste  except  that  of 
its  citizens'  choice,  nor  imposes  a  check 
to  individual  progress  except  that  of  per- 
sonal fault  or  misfortune. 

Mr.  Thorneycroft  has  left  a  widow,  one 
son  (who  is  Captain  of  the  Wolverhamp- 
ton troop  of  Yeomanry),  and  four  daugh- 
ters, three  of  whom  are  married  to  the 
gentlemen  above  named.  Mr.  Hartley 
was  his  partner  in  business,  as  were  also 
Mr.  Perks  and  Mr.  Kesteven. 


George  Rush,  Esq. 
May  10.     Aged  66,  George  Rush,  esq. 
of  Elsenham  Hall,  Essex,  and  Farthinghoe 
Lodge,   Northamptonshire,  a  magistrate 
and  Deputy  Lieutenant  of  Essex. 

*  A  Sermon  preached  at  the  Collegiate 
Church  of  Wolverhampton,  before  the 
Mayor  and  Corporation,  on  Sunday,  May 
4th,  1851,  on  the  Death  of  the  late  6.  B. 
Thorneycroft,  esq.  together  with  an  Ad- 
dress to  the  Board  of  Guardians,  and  Me- 
moir of  the  deceased,  by  the  Rev.  J.  B. 
Owen,  M.A.  Vicar  of  St  Mary's,  Bilston. 
8vo. — ^The  present  article  has  been  com- 
piled from  the  several  portions  of  this 
pamphlet. 


204 


•Obituary. — H,  St.  George  Tucker,  Esq, 


[Aug. 


Mr.  Rush  was  born  on  the  29th  April , 
1785;  and  was  the  only  son  of  George 
Rushy  esq.  of  Farthinghoe,  (who  died  in 
1803,)  by  Kitty,  daughter  of  William 
Heath,  esq.  of  Stanstead  Mountfitchet  in 
Essex.  He  served  the  office  of  Sheri£f  of 
Northamptonshire  in  1813. 

Mr.  Rush  married  in  1810  Clarissa, 
fourth  daughter  of  his  cousin-german  Sir 
William  Beaumaris  Rush,  of  Wimbledon, 
CO.  Surrey,  Knt.  and  sister  to  the  wives  of 
Mr.  Basil  Montagu  and  of  Dr.  Clarke 
the  traveller.  By  that  lady  he  had  issue 
three  sons  and  five  daughters  :  1.  George 
William  Rush,  esq.  ;  2.  Clarissa ;  3.  Ar- 
thur-Heath;  4.  Angelica:  5.  Maria-The- 
resa, married  in  1843  to  James  Arthur 
Taylor,  esq.  M.P.  for  East  Worcestershire; 
6.  Alfred;  7.  Ellen -Charlotte,  married  in 
1846  to  the  Hon.  Edward  Bennet  Wrot- 
tesley,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Lord 
Wrottesley  ;  and  8.  Emily. 

H.  St.  George  Tucker,  Esa. 

June  14.  In  Upper  Portland  Place,  in 
his  80th  year,  Henry  St.  George  Tucker, 
esq.  one  of  the  Directors  of  the  East 
India  Company. 

Mr.  Tucker  was  born  in  Feb.  1771,  at 
Bermuda,  in  which  island  his  father  was 
for  a  long  time  President  of  the  Council 
and  acting  Governor.  He  proceeded  to 
India  at  a  very  early  age,  as  it  appears 
from  his  own  statement,  before  the  com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Commons  which 
sat  in  1832,  that  he  was  in  South  Behar 
as  early  as  1787,  when  he  was  not  more 
than  16  years  of  age.  During  the  years 
1788  and  1789,  he  resided  chiefly  in  the 
district  of  Rajashahy.  In  1790  he  be- 
came secretary  to  Sir  William  Jones,  and 
soon  afterwards  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment to  the  civil  service  of  the  East  India 
Company,  his  rank  as  a  writer  bearing 
date  June  24,  1791.  From  the  period  of 
his  being  first  employed  he  passed  through 
a  variety  of  offices  more  or  less  important 
until,  in  1799,  he  obtained  that  of  secre- 
tary in  the  revenue  and  judicial  depart- 
ment. In  proposing  Mr.  Tucker  for  this 
appointment  the  Governor- General,  the 
Marquess  Wellesley,  recorded  his  opinion 
that  it  was  one  "  for  which  he  was  pecu- 
liarly qualified ;  *'  and  the  estimation  in 
which  he  was  held  also  appears  from  the 
fact  of  his  having  been  selected  to  succeed 
Sir  George  Barlow,  who  had  established 
a  very  high  reputation  in  the  department. 
Distinguished  merit  was  admitted  in  this 
instance  to  supply  the  want  of  long  stand- 
ing in  the  service  ;  for  that  of  Mr.  Tucker 
was  not  sufficient  to  allow  of  his  drawing 
the  full  salary  of  the  office  to  which  he 
was  appointed. 

In  1801  he  was  nominated  to  the  very 


arduous  and  important  post  of  Accountant- 
General,  which,  from  a  regard  to  the 
public  interests,  he  was  induced  to  aecept 
at  a  sacrifice  of  nearly  half  his  previous 
salary. 

In  1804  he  became  a  partner  in  the 
house  of  Cockerell  and  Co.  receiving  on 
his  relinquishment  of  the  office  of  Ac- 
countant-General  a  high  testimony  of  the 
sense  entertained  by  the  Governor- General 
in  Council  of  his  services  during  what  is 
described  in  the  record  as  ''  a  crisis  of 
considerable  difficulty.* '  After  a  very  brief 
experience  of  commercial  pursuits,  he  re- 
turned to  the  public  service,  with  which 
he  remained  connected  through  the  entire 
residue  of  his  Indian  career.  As  soon  as 
he  had  determined  to  abandon  the  occupa- 
tion which  for  a  short  time  had  deprived 
the  Government  of  his  great  financial 
abilities,  he  was  restored  to  his  former 
office  of  Accountant-General,  the  re-ap- 
pointment being  recorded  in  very  laudatory 
terms.  Subsequently  he  was  called  to  the 
discharge  of  many  important  duties,  some 
in  the  regular  course  of  official  routine, 
some  of  special  character. 

In  1807  he  was  appointed  one  of  the 
commissioners  for  introducing  the  per- 
manent settlement  into  the  ceded  and  con- 
quered provinces.  Though  a  warm  advo- 
cate of  the  principles  of  that  settlement, 
his  observations  convinced  him  that  the 
provinces  into  which  he  and  his  coUeagnes 
were  deputed  to  introduce  it  were  not 
ripe  for  the  purpose.  These  views  of  the 
commissioners  were  laid  before  the  govern- 
ment. Some  of  the  more  distinguished 
members  did  not  concur  in  them  ;  but  the 
event  attested  the  soundness  of  the  judg- 
ment formed  by  Mr.  Tucker. 

In  1811  Mr.  Tucker  arrived  in  England, 
being  compelled  to  quit  India  by  the  state 
of  his  health.  The  government  in  an- 
nouncing his  departure  bore  the  strongest 
testimony  to  his  merits,  and  recommended 
him  in  the  warmest  terms  to  the  favour- 
able consideration  of  the  Court  of  Di- 
rectors, who  before  the  expiration  of  the 
year  of  his  arrival  resolved  on  presenting 
to  him,  as  a  token  of  their  approbation, 
50,000  sicca  rupees  (about  5,000/.)  which 
was  ordered  to  be  paid  to  his  agents  in 
Bengal . 

Mr.  Tucker,  in  1812,  returned  to  India, 
but  finally  quitted  it  in  1 8 1 5.  His  leisure 
was  devoted  to  maturing  and  arranging 
the  results  of  his  long  tndian  experience, 
to  the  indulgence  of  the  elegant  pursuits 
of  literature,  and  to  preparation  for  the 
attainment  of  a  place  in  the  direction  of 
the  aflfairs  of  the  East  India  Company,  to 
which  distinguished  position  his  cultivated 
talents  and  widely  extended  information 
justly  entitled  him. 


1851.]     Sir  G,  S,  Gihhes,  M J). —James  Kennedy y  Esq.  M.D.     205 


Iq  April  1826  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Court,  and  thenceforward  his  time 
and  energy  were  entirely  devoted  to  the 
discharge  of  the  responsible  duties  of  that 
office.  By  his  colleagues  his  opinion  on 
all  difficult  subjects  was  studiously  sought 
and  highly  respected ;  while  in  the  general 
courts  of  the  company  his  addresses  were 
listened  to  with  deep  attention ,  and  never 
failed  of  producing  a  powerful  effect.  His 
information  on  every  branch  of  the  ad- 
ministration of  Indian  affairs  was  most 
extensive,  and  on  questions  of  revenue 
and  finance  he  was  regarded  as  a  peculiarly 
high  authority.  He  was  ever  the  strenu- 
ous supporter  of  generous  and  liberal 
measures  towards  the  princes  and  chiefs  of 
India,  and  foremost  in  maintaining  the 
rights  and  privil^^es  of  the  natives  gene- 
rally. In  1833  he  was  elected  Deputy- 
Chairman,  and  in  the  following  year 
Chairman  of  the  East  India  Company. 
A  few  years  later  the  honourable  distinc- 
tion was  repeated;  he  again  filled  the 
office  of  Deputy-Chairman  in  the  official 
year  1846-47 f  and  that  of  Chairman  in 
1847-48.  He  returned  to  the  active  exer- 
cise of  his  duties  as  a  Director  in  Aprils 
1851,  after  the  usual  quadrennial  year  of 
absence.  His  health  was  then  obviously 
declining,  but  the  vigour  of  his  faculties 
was  in  no  degree  impaired.  In  private  life 
Mr.  Tucker  was  beloved  and  respected  by 
all  who  had  the  happiness  of  knowing 
him :  spotless  integrity  and  unostentatious 
benevolence  were  the  distinguishing  fea- 
tures of  his  character ;  warm  and  ardent 
in  his  feelings  and  kind  and  candid  in  his 
manner,  he  was  the  stanch  friend  of  many 
— the  enemy  of  none. — Times, 

Sir  G.  S.  Gibbes,  M.D. 

June  33.  At  Sidmouth,  aged  80,  Sir 
George  Smith  Gibbes,  Knt.  M.D.  a  Fel- 
low of  the  College  of  Physicians,  and  of 
the  Royal  and  linnsean  Societies,  and  a 
magistrate  for  Somersetshire. 

Dr.  Gibbes  was  the  son  of  the  Rev. 
George  Gibbes,  D.D.  Rector  of  Woodbo- 
rough,  Wilts.  He  entered  the  university 
of  Oxford  as  a  member  of  Exeter  college, 
and  graduated  B.A.  Feb.  17, 1793 ;  having 
been  elected  a  Fellow  of  Magdalene  col- 
lege, he  proceeded  M.A.  May  21,  1795; 
and  afterwards  determining  for  medicine, 
took  the  degree  of  M.B.  April  6,  1 796 ; 
and  that  of  M.D.  April  11,  1799. 

He  practised  for  many  years  in  Bath, 
where  he  was  Physician  to  the  City  Dis- 
pensary, and  a  member  of  the  corporation, 
from  which  he  retired  in  Jan.  1834.  He 
was  appointed  Physician  Extraordinary  to 
Queen  Charlotte,  and  was  knighted  by 
King  George  the  Fourth  on  the  lOth  of 
May,  1820. 


Having  relinquished  his  practice  at  Bath, 
he  latterly  resided  at  Cheltenham. 

He  was  the  author  of  a  paper  in  the 
Philosophical  Transactions  of  1794,  on  the 
conversion  of  animal  muscle  into  a  sub- 
stance much  resembling  spermaceti;  also 
of  "  A  few  Observations  on  the  component 
parts  of  Animal  Matters,  and  their  con- 
version into  a  substance  resembling  Sper- 
maceti,'' published  at  Bath,  1796;  A 
Treatise  on  the  Bath  Waters,  1800;  A 
Second  Treatise  on  Bath  Waters,  1803; 
and  of  some  other  papers  in  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  Linnsean  Society,  in  Nichol- 
son's, Tilloch's,  and  various  medical 
journals. 

He  married  twice  ;  his  first  wife,  a 
daughter  of  Edward  Sealey,  esq.  of  Bridg- 
water and  Castlehill  House,  Nether  Stowey, 
died  in  1822  ;  and  Sir  George  married  se- 
condly, in  1826,  Marianne,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  Capt.  Thomas  Chapman,  of  the  23d 
regiment. 

James  Kennedy,  Esq.  M.D. 

May  9.  In  Great  Russell-street,  Blooms- 
bury,  aged  66,  James  Kennedy,  esq.  M.D. 
of  the  Grove,  Woodhouse,  near  Lough- 
borough, Physician  to  the  Loughborough 
Dispensary. 

Dr.  Kennedy  was  a  native  of  Scotland, 
and  a  member  of  the  university  of  Glas- 
gow, where  he  graduated  as  M.D.  in 
1813.  Some  years  after  this  he  was  induced 
to  settle  at  Ashby  de  la  Zouche,  on  the 
invitation  of  Mr.  Mammatt,  the  agent  of 
the  Marquess  of  Hastings,  who  was  then 
anxious  to  promote  the  success  of  the 
medicinal  baths  at  that  place.  In  1842 
he  removed  to  Woodhouse,  where  he  lived 
retired  from  practice,  except  that  he  acted 
gratuitously  as  the  visiting  physician  of  the 
Loughborough  Dispensary,  and  was  al- 
ways ready  to  give  his  assistance  to  his 
poor  neighbours.  But  he  was  chiefly 
occupied  in  the  preparation  of  an  extensive 
bibliographical  work,  no  less  than  a  cata- 
logue raisonn^  of  all  the  medical  treatises 
published  in  this  country  before  the  year 
1800 ;  accompanied  by  concise  biographies 
of  their  authors.  He  had  recenUy  made 
arrangements  to  edit  this  work  at  the  ex- 
pense of  the  Sydenham  Society,  and  it 
was  proposed  that  it  should  occupy  four 
octavo  volumes.  He  was  on  a  visit  to 
London  in  order  to  complete  his  manu- 
script of  the  first  volume  by  consulting 
the  library  of  the  British  Museum,  and 
had  just  put  the  first  sheet  into  the 
printer's  hands,  when  he  was  attacked 
by  his  fatal  illness.  It  is  hoped  that  his 
materials  are  in  such  a  state  that  the 
Society  will  be  able  to  complete  the  work 
under  other  editorship. 

Besides  An  eisay  on  the  waters  of  Ashby 


206 


Obituary. — James  Macknessy  M.D. — Mrs,  Forbes.     [Aug. 


de  la  Zouche,  and  various  practical  and 
critical  communications  to  the  Medical 
Journals  of  the  day,  and  others  occasion- 
ally to  our  own  Magazine,  Dr.  Kennedy 
was  the  author  of — 

A  Dissertation  on  the  Anatomy,  Physi- 
ology, and  Pathology,  of  the  Human 
Tongue.  1813. 

A  Lecture  on  Asiatic  Cholera.  1822. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Management  of  Chil- 
dren in  Health  and  Disease.  1825. 

Examination  of  Waiters  Anti-Phreno- 
logy. 1831. 

Dr.  Kennedy  was  a  very  learned,  skil- 
ful, and  benevolent  physician,  and  most 
honourable  and  exemplary  in  all  his  social 
relations.  Extremely  simple  and  unaf- 
fected in  his  manners,  and  retaining  to  the 
last,  in  a  marked  degree,  *'  the  accents  of 
the  mountain-tongue,"  he  was  a  charming 
companion  as  well  as  a  most  amiable  man, 
and  will  be  long  remembered  by  his  nu- 
merous friends  with  the  kindliest  feelings. 

Dr.  Kennedy  was  twice  married,  first 
to  Miss  Thompson,  sister  to  the  secretary 
of  the  late  Marquess  of  Hastings  ;  and 
secondly  to  Charlotte,  eldest  daughter  of 
the  late  John  Hawkes,  esq.  of  Norton  Hall, 
Staffordshire.  This  latter  lady  survives 
him.  He  had  no  children  by  either 
marriage. 

He  has  left  a  large  library,  which  con- 
tains many  valuable  foreign  works  on 
medicine  and  the  kindred  sciences,  as  well 
as  a  numerous  collection  of  English 
writers :  it  will  probably  be  brought  to 
public  auction  in  London. 


Jambs  Mackness,  M.D. 

fkb,  8.  At  Hastings,  in  his  47th  year, 
James  Mackness,  M.D.  Licentiate  of  the 
College  of  Physicians  of  London,  and 
Consulting  Physician  to  the  Hastings  Dis- 
pensary. 

Dr.  Mackness  was  a  native  of  North- 
amptonshire, and  graduated  M.D.  at  St 
Andrew's  1840,  London  1843. 

He  was  formerly  settled  in  Northampton, 
where  he  attained  a  considerable  practice, 
and  was  an  active  promoter  of  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Mechanics'  Institute, 
which  has  been  remarkably  successful  in 
that  town.  He  was  obliged  to  leave  North- 
ampton from  the  failure  of  his  health ; 
and,  having  settled  in  Hastings  about  ten 
years  ago,  had  gradually  acquired  a  leading 
practice  in  that  place,  notwithstanding  the 
physical  infirmities  against  which  he  had 
to  contend. 

He  published  in  1842  an  essay  on  the 
Climate  of  Hastings,  with  directions  for 
the  choice  of  residence,  &c.  of  which  there 
has  been  a  second  edition. 

In  1846  he  published  "The  Moral 
Aspects  of  Medical  Life/'  a  work  which  is 


in  every  respect  the  most  elevated  code  of 
medical  ethics  extant  It  is  founded  upon 
the  Akesios  of  Prof.  K.  F.  H.  Marx,  first 
published  in  1844  at  Gottingen.  The  de- 
sign of  this  work  was  '*  to  discuss  weighty 
points  in  the  healing  art  as  it  now  exists  :** 
and  it  is  arranged  in  twelve  letters,  ad- 
dressed to  deceased  members  of  the  me- 
dical profession,  the  subject  of  each  letter 
being  selected  with  reference  to  certain 
passages  in  their  character  or  history.  Dr. 
Mackness  prefixed  to  each  letter  a  memoir 
of  the  person  to  whom  it  was  addressed, 
namely  Stieglitz,  Apono,  Cheyne,  HaUe, 
James  Gregory,  Thaer,  Lettsom,  Tulpins, 
Pinel,  Mead,  Desgenettes,andBoerhaaTe; 
and  appended  his  own  remarks  to  each 
letter,  so  that  the  greater  part  of  the  book 
was  his  own. 

In  1848  he  published  an  essay  on  tiie 
**  Dysphonia  Clericorum  ;  or,  the  Clergy- 
man's Sore-throat;"  and  he  was  also  the 
author  of  an  elaborate  essay  on  Agri- 
cultural Chemistry  in  Baxter's  Library  of 
Agriculture,  published  in  1846. 

The  estimation  in  which  Dr.  Mackness 
was  held  by  his  professional  brethren  is 
recorded  in  the  feet  that,  at  the  meeting 
of  the  Provincial  Medicsl  Association,  k 
Worcester,  in  August  1849,  he  was  no- 
minated, with  Dr.  Greenhill,  of  Oxford, 
and  other  distinguished  members  of  Ms 
profession,  to  prepare  a  code  of  Medical 
Ethics.  In  the  following  year,  he  was 
selected  to  write  a  Monog^ph  of  the  Me- 
dical Topography  and  Geology  of  Sussex. 
Few  were  so  well  qualified  as  he  for  these 
tasks, — the  non-completion  of  which  are 
not  the  least  of  the  losses  that  society  and 
the  faculty  have  to  count  by  his  untimely 
death. 

Dr.  Mackness  has  left  a  widow,  but  no 
children.  Two  nephews  and  a  niece  whom 
he  had  partially  adopted,  and  with  whose 
education  he  bad  charged  himself,  have 
great  reason  to  deplore  their  irreparable 
loss.  He  is  succeeded  in  his  practice  at 
Hasting^  by  Dr.  Greenhill,  late  of  Oxford. 

His  body  was  interred  in  the  burial- 
ground  of  St.  Mary's  at  Hastings,  attended 
by  the  Mayor  and  Town  ConncU,  and  many 
other  friends.  A  number  of  friends  and 
patients  have  subscribed  to  erect  a  hand- 
some tomb  to  his  memory. 

We  are  informed  that  an  extended 
memoir  of  Dr.  Mackness  is  in  preparation 
from  the  pen  of  his  intimate  friend  Mim 
Howard,  the  author  of  "  Brampton  Rec- 
tory *^  and  other  valuable  literary  produc- 
tions ;  and  that  it  will  appear  very  shortly. 

Mrs.  Forbks. 
May  15.     In  Old  Burlington-street,  In 
her  65th  year,  Eliza-Mary,  wi0B  of  John 
Forbes,  M.D.  F.R.S. 


Obitdabt. — Mt».  Sheridan. — Mr».  AtthUl. 


1851.] 

She  wu  the  dnighter  of  the  Ute  WMitni 
Bargb,  eaq.  of  Calcutta,  where  ibe  wu 
bora  ID  tlie  year  1786.  Her  immediBte 
ancestors  were  poneasora  of  the  famODi 
Hafod  Estate  in  Walea,  and  nere  a  near 
branch  of  the  Clanricarde  ftutulr-  Tiro 
of  bar  brothers  ferred  for  manj  rears  in 

the  Indian   arm;,   and  died  reipectlTelj     

of  the  rank  of  General  and  M^or,  aever^     danghtei 
feara  before  thar  aistir.      Two  listen 
anrriTe  her. 

She  wu  married  to  Dr.  Porbes  in  the 
jear  1819;  and  gare  birth  to  ■  sod,  her 
(mlj  child,  who,  together  with  her  hnsband, 
BUrTiTBs  her.  He  folloVKng  iDscriptian 
on  a  tablet  erected  to  her  memorj  in  the 
cemetery  at  Kenaal  Green  gires,  we  be- 
lieie,  a  tetj  jast  character  of  thia  most 
beoeroleot  woman:  bnt  her  beat  record 
is  in  the  monrnful  memories  of  tbe  poor, 
to  whose  support,  relief,  and  comfort,  her 
beat  energies  mn  ever  deroted  ; 

itni'aih  ni-t'  ilppOBited  Ibera- 


place  she  mi^t  bsTD  ^ken  in  »cie^,  if 
■he  had  not  rather  desired  to  refrain  (rom 
mingliag  with  it,  snd  to  keep  henelf  oom- 
paratiTely  anknown.  After  her  hnaband's 
early  death  she  had  devoted  herself  in  re- 
tirement to  the  edncation  of  her  oqdun 
children)  when  ahe  re-appeared  JD  society 
be  aolely  for  the  lake  of  hO' 
whose  marriages  she  again 


from 


mtings  did 


■he  ever  attadi  ber  name. 
ite  sphere  where  her  virtnet 
freely  displayed  themselres,  and  her 
patient  yet  energetic  life  was  apent,  Itii 
not  permitted  us  to  enter  ;  but  we  conld 
not  pass  witbaot  this  brief  record  what 
we  know  to  hate  been  a  life  as  much 
marked  by  earnestnesa,  enet^,  and  self- 
aacrificB,  ai  by  Chose  qualities  of  wit  and 
genius  which  are  for  ever  assodabed  with 
the  name  of  S>>eridaa. 

Mrs.   Sheridan  had  four  sons,  Richard 

Brinalej    Sheridaa.  esq,    now   H.P.    for 

mains  of  EliiH  .Mgrv  Furbct.'  wife  of  John      Shaftesbury  j     Thomu.Berkeley.    R.N. 

'■ "     m'a     killed  by  an  accidental    bit   on    board 

°^'     H.  M.  S.  Diamond  in   I8S6  ;     Francis. 

, ,,-J*l.      Cymric,  Treasurer  of  the  Manritias,  who 

Vbt  sixty-llftii  year  of  her  age.    Bamest,     died  there  in  1842(bavingbeeiipreiioualy 
_..^ — iMMtoiDale,     secretary   to   the   Eari  of   Malgra' 


ForbM,  3J.D.  F.B.S,  tUjsicun  to  tbe  Qiu 
Hoosebold:  Afler  yesrs  of  severe  suffei 
ham  with  rare  (Ortltode  lod  restgnatlon 
departed  this  life  on  the  IStb  day  S  Hay, 


iiicuuii,  KiiMMUit,  i;u<uiw«iuuiui;,  secretary   to   ttie   Karl  ol   MalirraYe  in 

T.  ™y  raristValf'virtoV  A^T^  Jamaica^  ;    and  Charles- Kinnaird.   in  the 

a' pattern  urwDniaDl;  eixellence.  diplomatic  lerrice  :  and  three  daughters, 

Helen-Selina,  married   in  1825    to   Lord 

Mbs.  SBBBtDlN.  Duflerin  and  Claneboye,  and  mother  of  the 

At  the  honse  of  her  dangbter  present  Ixird  ;  Caroline- Elizabeth -Sarah, 


larried  in  1837  to  the  Hon.  George 
Chappie  Norton,  Reoorder  of  Goildfori,  ' 
brother  and  heir  preaumpCiTc  to  Lord 
Grantley  i  and  Jane-Georgiana,  married 
in  I B30  to  Ijord  Seymonr,  son  and  heir 
apparent  of  the  Duke  of  Somerset,     As 


btother  bare  oumerona  hmilies,  the  blood 
of  the  great  Ricliard  Brinsley  Sheridan 
bids  fair,  through  Tarioni  channels,  to  b« 
"    nobility. 


i^dy  Dolferin  and  Claneboye,  39,  Grol. 
Tenor-plaoe,  the  widow  of  lliomas  Sherl- 

She  was  the  second  daughter  of  John 
Callander,  esq.  of  Craigforth,  co.  Stirling, 
and  Ardkinglas,  co.  Argyll  (in  virtue  of 
irfaicfa  latter  property  be  took  the  sddi- 
tional  name  of  Campbell),  by  his  tikird 
wife  Iddy  Elinbeth  Helena  Macdonnell, 
daughter  of  Aleunder  fifth  Earl  of  An- 
trim. Her  younger  sister  is  the  wife  of  widely  (pread  among 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  James  Graham,  of  ' 
Netherby,  Bart.  She  was  married  in  1 806  Mas.  Atthill. 
to  Thomas  Sheridan,  esq.  son  of  the  July  e,  1848.  At  Middleham,  York- 
Right  Hod.  Thomas  Brinsley  Sheridan,  the  shire,  Caroline-Amelia,  wife  of  the  Ber. 
diitiDgniihed  wit  and  statefman ;  and  was  William  Attbill,  Id.A.  Sub-Dean  of  Mid- 
left  a  widow  on  the  13th  Sept.  1817,  Mr.  dleham  i  better  known  under  her  maiden 
Sheridan  then  dying  at  the  Cape  of  Good  name  of  Miss  Halsted. 
Hope,  where  he  was  Colonial  Faymaater  She  was  the  daughter  of  the  late  George 
(see  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  lxkxvii.  p.  471.)  Halsted,  esq.  Capt.  KM.  andniecsto  tiiat 

Mrs.  Sheridan  waa  the  anthor  of  Car-  diatinguishal  nnial  officer  the  late  Adm. 

well,  a  very  atriking  story  illustrating  the  Sir  William  Lawrence  Halsted,  G.C.B. 

(neqnalities   of  punisfameat  in   the  laws  Miai  Halsted   was   the  author  of  two 

against  forgery.     In  a  later  noTel,  Aims  pleasing  works  for  young  persons  :  one  of 

and  Ends,  the  same  feminine  and  truthful  which   was  Tbe   Little   Botanist.    183&, 

spirit  Aowed  itself  in  lighter  scenes  of  IGmo.     In  two  parts ;  with  illustrations 

social  life,  observing  keenly,  and  satirising  drawu  and  engraved  by  J.  D.  Sowerby, 

kindly.  from   sketches  by   the  authoress.      The 

Mrs.  Sheridan  wrote  always  with  ease,  other    was   entitled    "  InvestigatioD,   or 

nnaffectedneas,   and  good    breeding,    her  Travels  in  tbe  Boudoir."   183T.  12mo. 

books  everywhere  giving  evidence  of  the  In  1838  Miss  Halated  obtained  the  an- 


208       Obituary.—/?.  Phillips,  F.R.S.-^D.  M.  Moir,  Esq.     [Aug. 

to  introduce  that  distinguished  philoso- 
pher to  the  Society. 

In  1824  Mr.  Phillips  published  his 
first  translation  of  the  "  Pharmacopoeia 
Londinensis ; ''  and  from  the  celebrity 
which  he  gained  as  a  pharmaceutical 
chemist,  he  was  consulted  by  the  College 
of  Physicians  with  respect  to  the  chemi(^ 
preparations  of  the  edition  issued  by  that 
body  in  1836.  From  that  time  he  has 
always  aided  in  the  formation  of  this  text- 
book of  the  medical  world,  and  the  im- 
provement in  all  its  scientific  parts  is 
mainly  due  to  the  interest  he  took  in  the 
work.  For  the  last  twelve  months  he  had 
been  engaged  in  experiments  for  the  Col- 
lege, and  his  final  employment  was  that  of 
a  new  translation  to  accompany  the  next 
issue  of  the  Pharmacopeia,  which  may 
shortly  be  expected. 

In  1839  Mr.  Phillips  was  appointed 
chemist  and  curator  of  the  Museum  of 
Practical  Geology,  then  established  in 
Craig's  Court ;  and  within  a  few  days  of 
his  death  he  was  busily  engaged  in  mak- 
ing arrangements  for  the  public  opening 
of  the  new  Museum  in  Piccadilly.  Richard 
Phillips  was  one  of  the  original  founders 
of  the  Geological  Society.  He  was  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  council  of 
the  Royal  Society,  and  for  the  last  two 
years  President  of  the  Chemical  Society. 
Scattered  through  the  ''Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society,"  and  the  pages  of  the 
''  Philosophical  Magazine,"  will  be  found 
his  numerous  contributions  to  science ; 
and  all  the  chemical  articles  of  the 
*'  Penny  Cyclopedia"  are  from  his  pen. 
He  has  departed  after  a  long  and  busy 
life,  beloved  and  respected  by  all  who 
knew  him.  His  criticisms  were  often 
severe,  but  it  was  always  the  severity  of 
truth.  They  were  dictated  by  a  desire  to 
expose  the  pretentions  of  ignorance,  and 
were  an  honour  to  superior  genius.  His 
body  was  interred  In  the  cemetery  at 
Norwood,  followed  by  most  of  his  scientific 
friends.— Zrt/«rary  Oazette, 


nual  prize  of  ten  guineas  given  by  Mr. 
Alderman  Copeland  in  connection  with 
the  restoration  of  the  venerable  hall  of  Sir 
John  Crosby  in  the  city  of  London,  and 
the  commemoration  of  Sir  Thomas  G re- 
sham.  The  subject  was  an  historical  me- 
moir of  the  life  of  Margaret  Beaufort, 
Countess  of  Richmond  and  Derby,  mother 
of  King  Henry  the  Seventh.  She  also 
gained  the  same  prize  in  the  following 
year,  the  subject  being  **  The  Obligations 
of  Literature  to  the  Mothers  of  England." 
Both  these  essays  were  printed  and  pub- 
lished. (See  our  vols.  x.  p.  306,  xii. 
p.  515) 

Miss  Halsted  afterwards  devoted  herself 
with  much  assiduity  to  the  collection  of 
materials  on  the  history  of  King  Ri- 
chard III.  The  results  were  published 
under  the  title  of  "The  Life  of  King 
Richard  the  Third  as  Duke  of  Gloucester 
and  King  of  Enghind."  1844.  8vo.  This 
work  evinced  considerable  research;  but, 
like  those  of  our  more  celebrated  female 
historian  Miss  Strickland,  was  sadly  de- 
ficient in  discrimination  and  a  true  appre- 
ciation of  authorities  (see  it  review^  in 
our  vol.  XXII.  273,  377).  She  also  made 
several  contributions  to  various  periodi- 
cals. 

Miss  Halsted^s  marriage  took  place  in 
May,  1847,  and  her  death  ensued  within 
thirteen  months  after. 


Richard  Phillips,  F.R.S. 

May  11.  At  Camberwell,  in  his  75th 
year,  Richard  Phillips,  F.R.S.  Curator  of 
the  Museum  of  Practical  Geology. 

Mr.  Phillips's  career  has  been  a  busy 
one.  He  first  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  scientific  world  by  the  publication,  in 
1805,  of  "  Analyses  of  the  Bath  Waters ; " 
and  this  was  followed  by  analyses  of  our 
mineral  waters  generally,  and  of  minerals 
of  a  rare  kind ;  these  were  published  in 
the  ''  Annals  of  Philosophy."  In  1817 
he  was  appointed  Lecturer  on  Chemistry 
at  the  London  Hospital ;  and  he  was  en- 
gaged to  deliver  several  courses  of  lectures 
at  the  London  Institution.  About  this 
period  he  was  also  appointed,  by  Govern- 
ment, Professor  of  Chemistry  at  the 
Military  College,  Sandhurst ;  and  became 
Lecturer  on  Chemistry  at  Grainger's 
School  of  Medicine,  in  Southwark.  In 
1821  Mr.  Phillips  became  sole  editor  of 
the  **  Annals  of  Philosophy,"  subsequently 
united  to  the  **  Philosophical  Magazine." 

In  1822  he  was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the 
Royal  Society,  and  published  a  paper  in 
the  "  Philosophical  Transactions,"  in 
which  his  name  was  honourably  accociated 
with  that  of  Dr.  Faraday  ;  and  he  always 
felt  much  pride  in  having  been  the  first 
13 


D.  M.  MoiR,  Esq. 

July  6.  At  Dumfries,  aged  53,  David 
Macbeth  Mob:,  esq.  surgeon  at  Mussel- 
burgh, the  Delta  of  Blackwood's  Maga- 
zine. 

Dr.  Moir  was  born  at  Musselburgh,  in 
Jan.  1798.  From  the  schools  of  his  na- 
tive town,  he  passed  to  the  University  of 
Edinburgh,  where  he  pursued  his  medical 
studies  with  diligence  and  success.  Having 
received  the  diploma  of  a  surgeon,  he 
established  himself  in  that  capacity  at 
Musselburgh,  devoting  himself  to  his  pro- 
fession with  a  measure  of  assiduity  that 
was  in  no  long  time  crowned  with  ample 
success.      He  acquired  a  very  extensive 


1861.] 


Obituary. — D.  M,  Moir^  Esq, 


209 


practice,  the  limits  of  which  contiuned  to 
enlarge  until,  the  burden  becoming  too 
great  for  him,  be  latterly  found  an  as- 
sociate in  his  son-in-law,  Dr.  Thomas  R. 
Scott. 

It  seems  to  have  been  about  the  year 
1817 — when  he  was  a  youth  of  nineteen — 
that  Dr.  Moir  committed  his  first  verses 
to  the  press,  in  the  pages  of  Blackwood^s 
Edinburgh  Magazine.  We  believe  that 
they  were  without  signature,  so  that  it  is 
not  easy  now  to  identify  them,  or  such 
other  pieces  as  he  did  not  afterwards  re- 
claim. The  earliest  poem — that  of  Emma, 
subsequently  named  Sir  Ethelred —which 
bears  the  subscription  of  Delta  appeared 
in  the  magazine  for  Jan.  1820 ;  but  a 
notice  to  correspondents  in  Nov.  1819 — 
inviting  Delta  to  favour  the  editor  with 
"a  prose  article*' — shows  that  he  had 
already  made  himself  a  welcome  con- 
tributor. From  Dr.  Moir's  neglect  to 
distinguish  his  youthful  compositions  by 
any  mark,  some  of  them  were  assigned  to 
other  writers.  The  Ute  Mrs.  Brunton, 
the  author  of  Self-Control,  was  so  much 
struck  with  his  stanzas,  beginning, 

"  When  then  at  even- tide  art  roaming 
Along:  the  elm-o*er8badowed  walk. 
Where  fast  the  eddying  stream  is  foaming, 
And  falling  down— a  cataract  *'— 

published  without  note  or  name  in  Con- 
stable's Edinburgh  Magazine  towards  the 
end  of  the  year  1817 — that  she  transcribed 
them  with  her  own  hand,  and  the  tran- 
script being  found  in  her  work-box  after 
her  death,  they  were  published  as  her 
composition  in  the  memoir  prefixed  to  her 
posthumous  tale  of  Emmeline. 

Having  once  established  his  place  in 
Blackwood,  under  the  signature  of  Delta, 
Mr.  Moir  continued,  during  the  long 
period  of  more  than  thirty  years,  to  enrich 
its  pages  with  a  series  of  poems,  which 
would  be  remarkable  were  it  for  nothing 
but  the  profusion  with  which  they  were 
poured  forth.  But  they  possessed  many 
tod  high  qualities— a  great  command  of 
language  and  numbers,  a  delicate  and 
gracefal  fancy,  and  a  sweet,  pure  vein  of 
tenderness  and  pathoi.  These  character- 
istics are  displayed,  with  scarcely  one  ex- 
ception, through  the  whole  series  of  his 
compositions— the  last  of  which,  The  La- 
ment of  Selim,  left  his  hand  little  more 
than  a  fortnight  before  his  death.  It  is 
published  in  Blackwood's  Magazine  for 
this  month  ;  and  to  some  readers  its  me- 
lancholy r^ttin  may  now  sound  pro- 
phetic— 

'« And  thou  art  not>-l  look  around, 
But  thou  art  nowhere  to  be  found ! 
I  listen  vainly  for  thy  foot— 
I  listen,  but  thy  voice  is  mute  1 '' 
G»»T.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


A  selection  of  Delta's  contributions 
to  Blackwood  may,  probably,  yet  see 
the  light;  altogether  they  would  fill  seve- 
ral volumes  besides  the  two  which  were 
published  during  his   lifetime — The  Le- 

fend  of  Genevieve,  with  other  Tales  and 
'oems,  in  l825  ;  and  his  Domestic 
Verses,  in  1843.  The  first  of  these 
works  iias  been  very  happily  characterised 
by  the  distinguished  critic  who  was  so 
long  the  presiding  genius  of  the  miscellany 
in  which  many  of  the  poems  were  first 
given  to  the  world.  "  Delta,"  wrote  Pro- 
fessor Wilson,  **  has  produced  many  ori- 
ginal pieces,  which  will  possess  a  perma- 
nent place  in  the  poetry  of  Scotland. 
Delicacy  and  grace  characterise  his  happi- 
est compositions ;  some  of  them  are  beau- 
tiful, in  a  cheerfiil  spirit  that  has  only  td 
look  on  nature  to  be  happy ;  and  others 
breathe  the  simplest  and  purest  pathos. 
His  scenery,  whether  sea-coast  or  inland, 
is  always  truly  Scotish;  and,  at  times,  his 
pen  drops  touches  of  light  on  minute  sub- 
jects, that  till  then  had  slumbered  in  the 
shade,  but  now  *  shine  well  where  they 
stand  '  or  lie,  as  component  and  character- 
istic parts  of  our  lowland  landscapes.^* 
The  Domestic  Verses  were  not  at  first 
meant  to  meet  the  general  ey6,  but  a  few 
copies  having  been  printed  for  circulatioii 
among  friends,  they  called  forth  so  much 
praise,  that  the  author  was  prevailed  upon 
to  make  them  public.  Among  the  emi- 
nent men  of  letters  whose  approbation 
was  bestowed  upon  the  volume  in  its  un- 
published form,  was  the  late  Lord  Jeffrey. 
"  I  cannot,"  he  wrote  to  the  author,  **  re- 
sist the  impulse  of  thanking  you  with  all 
my  heart,  for  the  deep  gratification  yoU 
have  afforded  me,  and  the  soothing  and  I 
hope  'bettering'  emotions  which  you  have 
excited.  I  am  sure  that  what  you  have 
written  is  more  genuine  pathos  than  any- 
thing almost  I  have  ever  read  in  verse, 
and  is  so  tender  and  true,  so  sweet  and 
natural,  as  to  make  all  lower  recommend- 
ations indifferent."  It  were  easy  to  accu- 
mulate testimonies,  not  less  cordial,  from 
other  contemporaries  of  mark.  The  fiis- 
tidious  taste  of  Dr.  Butler,  the  late  Bishop 
of  Lichfield,  singled  out  Delta*s  lines 
on  Mount  St.  Bernard  as  worthy  of  tL 
Latin  version— one  of  the  most  felicitous 
things  in  Mr.  Drury's  collection  of  the 
Arundines  Cami. 

While  the  pathos  of  Delta  was  subdu- 
ing the  hearts  of  all  the  readers  of  Black- 
wood, there  suddenly  appeared  in  the  same 
pages  the  first  fragment  of  one  of  the  molt 
laughable  embodiments  of  Scotish  humour 
— The  Life  of  Mansie  Wauch.  Begun  in 
October,  1824,  four  or  five  years  elapsed 
before  the  autobiography  of  the  Dalkeith 
tailor  was  completed  in  Blackwood,  snd 

2E 


210 


Obituary. —  Thomas  Motile,  Esq* 


[Aug. 


issued  in  a  volume  by  itself.  It  has  since 
run  through  six  or  eight  editiuus  in  this 
country,  besides  reprints  in  America  and 
France,  and  the  circulation  of  several  of 
its  chapters  in  the  guise  of  chap-books. 
The  first  whisper  that  went  abroad  that 
tfM  touching  Legend  of  Genevieve  and  the 
facetious  history  of  Mansie  Wauch  were 
from  one  and  the  same  pen,  was  received 
with  astonishment  and  incredulity.  The 
public  had  universally  assigned  the  story 
to  John  Gait,  then  in  the  heyday  of  his 
fame,  and  undoubtedly  it  was  pitched  to 
a  key-note  which  that  writer  had  been  the 
first  to  strike.  But  the  execution  was 
discriminated  by  so  many  peculiar  touches 
as  to  make  Mansie  Wauch  an  original 
creation,  sufScient  to  have  built  up  the 
fame  of  its  author,  even  if  it  had  stood 
alone ;  and,  in  the  circumstances,  afford- 
ing a  truly  remarkable  proof  of  the  diver- 
sified gifts  of  the  genius  by  which  it  was 
produced. 

In  1831,  Dr.  Moir  published  his  Out- 
lines of  the  Ancient  History  of  Medicine, 
being  a  View  of  the  Progress  of  the  Heal- 
ing Art  among  the  Egyptians,  Greeks, 
Romans,  and  Arabians — a  work  of  great 
research  and  diversified  erudition.  The  ca- 
talogue of  his  writings  closes  with  Sketches 
of  the  Poetical  Literature  of  the  Past  Half- 
Century,  in  Six  Lectures,  delivered  at  the 
Edinburgh  Philosophical  Institution,  which 
appeared  this  present  year. 

Mr.  Moir  was  a  zeaJous  member  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland.  The 
Roman  antiquities  of  his  native  place, 
Musselburgh,  and  of  Inveresk,  one  of  the 
most  important  Roman  sites  in  Scotland 
apart  from  the  Wall,  early  excited  his 
liveliest  interest.  He  supplied  to  the  New 
Statistical  Account  the  notice  of  Inveresk 
parish,  an  able  communication,  in  which 
he  gives  full  play  to  his  archaeological 
predilections. 

The  lineaments  of  Dr.  Moir*s  character 
are  not  unfaithfully  reflected  in  his  writ- 
ings. To  know  him  was  to  love  him. 
The  sweetness  of  his  disposition,  the 
purity  and  simplicity,  the  manliness  and 
sincerity  of  his  mind,  gained  and  secured 
for  him  universal  affection  and  esteem. 
Such  was  the  respect  in  which  he  was 
held  in  Musselburgh,  that  when  the 
tidings  of  his  death  reached  the  town,  a 
desire  was  expressed  by  all  classes  of  the 
inhabitants  that  his  funeral  should  be  a 
public  one.  This  general  and  earnest 
wish  was  acceded  to,  and  every  circum- 
stance of  honour  which  his  neighbours 
and  fellow-citizens  could  bestow  accom- 
panied the  remains  of  Dr.  Moir  to  their 
resting  place  in  the  churchyard  of  In- 
veresk, in  the  grave  which  holds  the  dust 
of  three  of  his  children. 


Dr.  Moir  married,  in  1829,  Miss  Char- 
lotte E.  Bell  of  Leith  ;  and  by  this  lady, 
who  survives  him,  he  leaves  issue  eight 
children.  The  eldest  daughter  is  the  wife 
of  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Scott,  who  for  some 
time  was  the  partner,  and  is  now  the  suc- 
cessor of  the  deceased  poet  in  his  extensive 
practice.  In  person  Delta  was  somewhat 
above  the  middle  stature,  of  fair  com- 
plexion, with  light  blue  eyes,  and  pleasant 
features.  His  health  was  robust  until 
about  five  years  ago,  when  the  upsetting 
of  a  carriage  gave  a  shock  to  his  constitu- 
tion from  which  it  would  seem  never  to 
have  wholly  recovered.  His  political 
opinions  may  be  inferred  from  those  of  the 
miscellany  which  he  chose  to  be  the  chief 
channel  of  his  publications.  He  was  a 
steadfast  Tory,  and  a  zealous  supporter 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland ;  and  the  de- 
votion with  which  he  adhered  to  his  prin- 
ciples, both  in  Church  and  State,  was 
characteristic  of  the  simplicity  and  in- 
tegrity of  the  m&ji.— Edinburgh  Courant, 

Thomas  Moule,  Esa. 

June  14.  At  his  residence  in  the  Sta- 
ble Yard,  St.  James's  Palace,  aged  67 » 
Thomas  Moule,  esq.  a  well-known  writer 
on  topographical  and  heraldic  antiquities. 

Mr.  Moule  was  born  on  the  14th  Jan. 
1784,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Marylebone. 
He  was  for  forty-four  years  a  clerk  in  the 
General  Post  OflSce ;  where  he  was  In- 
spector of  Blind  Letters,  his  principal 
duty  being  to  rectify  those  addresses  in 
which  the  post  town  was  either  omitted  or 
incorrectly  given,  and  to  decypher  such 
addresses  as  were  illegible  to  the  ordi- 
nary clerks.  He  had  retired  from  this 
employment  in  consequence  of  his  de- 
clining health.  Mr.  Moule  also  held  for 
many  years  the  office  of  chamber-keeper 
in  the  Lord  Chamberlain's  department, 
which  gave  him  an  official  residence  in  St. 
James's  Palace. 

The  first  literary  task  in  which  he  en- 
gaged was  the  letterpress  to  accompany 
Mr.  J.  P.  Neale's  Views  of  the  Seats  of 
Noblemen  and  Gentlemen.  This  work 
was  published  periodically  during  the 
years  1818 — 1827,  forming  eleven  volumes; 
and  the  articles  which  Mr.  Moule  either 
compiled  or  edited  in  it  are  more  than 
seven  hundred  in  number. 

During  the  same  period  he  compiled, 
in  1820,  a  small  book  of  Tables  of  Dates 
for  the  use  of  Genealogists  and  Anti- 
quaries ;  and  in  1822  his  Bibliotheca 
Heraldica  Magnee  Britannie,  an  exceed- 
ingly useful  bibliographical  catalogue  of 
all  English  'works  on  heraldry  and  gene- 
alogy, and  of  some  of  the  most  important 
manuscripts.  At  this  period,  and  for  five 
or  six  years  before,  Mr.  Moule  was  a 


1851.]       Obituary. — Rev.  Jelinger  Symonsy  M.A,  F.L.S.         211 

provide  the  descriptions  accompaDying 
Mr.  G.  P.  Harding's  Ancient  Historical 
Pictures,  in  continuation  of  the  series  en- 
graved for  the  late  Granger  Society.  He 
has  also  given  assistance  to  many  other 
topographical  and  architectural  works 
besides  those  named  ;  and  has  made 
various  contributions  to  our  own  Maga- 
zine, to  the  Literary  Gazette,  Brayley's 
Graphic  Illustrator,  and  other  periodi- 
cals. He  was  always  ready  to  assist  those 
who  required  information  on  the  subjects 
with  which  he  was  conversant,  and  has 
frequently  afforded  valuable  antiquarian 
information  to  artists.  At  various  times 
he  had  himself  made  several  drawings  and 
designs,  and  he  was  one  of  those  who  sent 
in  designs  in  competition  for  the  Nelson 
Monument. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Numismatic 
Society,  and  contributed  some  papers  to 
the  Numismatic  Chronicle.  His  study  of 
coins  was  chiefly  directed  to  those  of  the 
mediaeval  period,  in  illustration  of  Eu- 
ropean history. 

He  has  left  several  MSS.  of  which  the 
principal  are  :  1 .  A  Topographical  Glos- 
sary, being  collections  on  the  etymology 
of  names  of  places;  2.  Church  Antiquities; 
3.  Historical  Pictures  relative  to  Great 
Britain  ;  4.  The  Gentleman's  Heraldry, 
derived  from  the  study  of  Guillim's 
Display  ;  5.  Heraldry  of  Trees  and  Birds 
(before  mentioned)  ;  6.  Notes  on  Coins. 
He  had  also  collected  a  valuable  library. 

Mr.  Moule  has  left  a  widow,  and  an 
only  daughter,  who  materially  assisted 
him  in  his  literary  pursuits. 


bookseller  in  Duke-st.  Grosvenor-square, 
but  he  relinquished  that  business  shortly 
after. 

In  1825  he  wrote  the  descriptions  to 
Mr.  G.  P.  Harding's  Antiquities  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  and  to  Mr.  J.  Hewetson's 
Views  of  Noble  Mansions  in  Hampshire. 
At  the  same  time  he  prepared  those  in 
Neale  and  Le  Keux^s  Views  of  the  Colle- 
giate and  Parochial  Churches  in  Great 
Britain,  completed  in  two  volumes  8vo. 
1826 ;  and  in  1830  those  in  Great  Britain 
Illustrated,  from  drawings  by  W.  Westall, 
A.R.A.  4to.  In  the  last-named  year 
he  undertook  a  general  topographical 
description  of  England,  under  the  title 
of  '*  The  English  Counties  Delineated." 
This  work  was  published  in  parts,  and 
was  completed  in  1838,  in  two  volumes 
quarto.  Mr.  Moule  had  qualified  himself 
for  this  task,  not  only  by  his  previous 
acquaintance  with  topographical  literature, 
but  also  by  personal  visits  to  every  county 
in  England,  excepting  Devonshire  and 
Cornwall. 

In  1833  Mr.  Moule  published  An  Es- 
say on  the  Roman  Villas  of  the  Augustan 
Age,  and  on  Remains  of  Roman  Edifices 
discovered  in  Great  Britain  ;  in  8vo. 

In  the  same  year  he  wrote  the  His- 
tory of  Hatfield  House,  in  Robinson's 
Vitruvius  Britanuicus;  in  1836  the  de- 
scriptions of  seven  of  the  principal  cathe- 
drals which  are  included  in  the  first 
volume  of  Winkles's  Cathedral  Churches 
of  England  and  Wales ;  and  the  descrip- 
tions of  the  cathedrals  of  Amiens,  Paris, 
and  Chartres  in  the  Continental  Cathedrals 
of  the  same  artist;  and  in  1834  he  con- 
tributed the  following  essays  to  Illustra- 
tions of  the  Poetical  Works  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott:  1.  Hall  at  Branxholra  ;  2.  Lord 
Marmion^s  Armour ;  3.  Ellen  Douglas 
and  Fitz- James  ;  4.  The  Knight  of  Snow- 
doun  ;  5.  The  Tomb  of  Rokeby ;  6.  The 
Bier  of  De  Argentine ;  7.  Ancient  Furni- 
ture. 

In  1839  he  wrote  the  letter-press  ac- 
companying Shawns  Details  of  Elizabethan 
Architecture  ;  and  in  1840  he  described 
the  arms  and  inscriptions  in  Ludlow 
Castle,  forming  part  of  the  volume  en- 
titled **  Documents  connected  with  the 
History  of  Ludlow  and  the  Lords  Mar- 
chers," collected  and  printed  by  the  Hon. 
Robert  Henry  Clive,  M.P.  for  Shropshire. 

In  1842  he  produced  a  very  agreable 
heraldic  monograph  entitled  The  Heraldry 
of  Fish,  illustrated  from  drawings  made 
by  his  daughter.  This  was  reviewed  in 
our  vol.  XVII.  p.  607.  He  had  formed 
a  similar  collection  on  the  Heraldry  of 
Trees  and  Birds,  which  remains  in  manu- 
script. 

Mr.  Moule's  last  literary  task  was  to 


Rev.  Jblingbr  Symons,  M.A.  F.L.S. 

May  20.  In  London,  the  Rev.  Jelinger 
Symons,  M.A.  Rector  of  Radnage,  Bucks, 
Vicar  of  Monkland,  Herefordshire,  and 
F.L.S. 

Mr.  Symons  was  descended  from  an 
ancient  Norman  family  settled  originally 
in  Cornwall.  In  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
one  of  his  ancestors  married  Agnes,  the 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Christopher  Jelinger, 
a  refugee  from  the  Palatinate,  who  was 
afterwards  presented  to  the  living  of  South 
Brent  in  Devonshire,  which  he  resigned 
rather  than  sign  the  Act  of  Uniformity  ; 
hence  arose  the  adoption  of  the  German 
name  of  Jelinger  in  the  family  of  Mr. 
Symons. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir  was  born  at 
Low  Layton,  Essex,  in  the  year  1778,  and 
graduated  at  St.  John's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, in  1797.  He  shortly  afterwards 
took  holy  orders,  and  first  officiated  as 
curate  to  his  father  tlie  Rev.  Jelinger  Sy- 
mons, then  Rector  of  Whitburn,  in  the 
county  of  Durham.  On  his  marriage  in 
1805  with  Maria,  eldest  daughter  of  John 


212 


Obituary. — Bev.  N.  J.  Halpin. — C.  F.  Tuck*       [Aug. 

eel  of  the  church.  It  was  attendod  bj  liia 
son  Mr.  Jelinger  Cookson  Symonsi  bar- 
rister-at-law,  (one  of  the  inspecton  of 
schools  under  the  Privy  Coandl,  proprietor 
and  editor  of  the  Law  Magaxine)  and 
otherwise  well  known  by  his  literary  works» 
especially  on  statistios  and  edaoation,  and 
by  his  reports  to  Parliament  oq  the  em- 
ployment of  women  and  children  in  mlnea, 
and  other  subjects,)  by  his  only  brother  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Symons,  by  his  cousin  OotaTiav 
Blewitt,  esq.  Secretary  to  the  Royal  lite- 
rary Fund,  a  few  other  private  friends^  and 
by  the  entire  body  of  his  parishioners,  by 
whom  he  was  universally  beloved. 


Airey,  esq.  of  Northumberland,  and  niece 
of  Dr.  Cookson,  Canon  of  Windsor,  he 
took  the  Curacy  of  West  Ilsley,  Berks, 
and  in  1838  was  presented  by  the  Dean 
and  Canons  of  Windsor  to  the  endowed 
vicarage  of  Monkland,  Herefordshire,  for 
which  county  he  was  shortly  afterwards 
placed  in  the  Commission  of  the  Peace. 
In  1821  Mr.  Symons's  health  required  a 
complete  change  of  air  and  scene,  and  he 
went  to  live  at  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  where 
he  shortly  afterwards  succeeded  the  late 
Sir  John  Head,  Bart,  as  Chaplain  to  the 
British  residents,  in  which  capacity  he 
earned  the  high  esteem  of  all  classes,  and 
received,  on  the  termination  of  his  stay 
there,  a  handsome  present  of  plate  in  ac- 
knowledgment of  his  services.  In  the 
year  1833  he  was  presented  by  Lord  Chan- 
cellor Brougham  to  the  living  of  Radnage, 
in  the  county  of  Buckingham,  where  he 
resided  chiefly  during  the  remainder  of  his 
life.  On  the  1st  of  last  March,  howeTer 
(on  the  recent  presentation  of  his  respected 
curate,  the  Rev.  W.  E.  Evans,  to  the  living 
of  Medley),  he  went  to  reside  at  Monk- 
land,  and  was  the  first  incumbent  who  has 
been  known  to  reside  in  that  parish. 

For  half  a  century  Mr.  Symons  has  been, 
with  few  exceptions,  engaged  in  the  active 
discharge  of  his  ministerial  duties.  His 
genuine  fervour  and  eloquence  in  the  pul- 
pit, and  his  high  intellectual  powers,  were 
well  known  and  appreciated;  while  the 
kindness  of  his  heart  and  his  benevolent 
disposition  endeared  him  to  all  who  knew 
him. 

Early  in  life  Mr.  Symons  devoted  his 
leisure  hours  to  the  study  of  botany,  and 
early  obtained  such  proficiency  that  in  his 
82nd  year  he  published  a  work  entitled 
Synopsis  Plantarum  Insnlis  Britannicis 
indigenarum.  Latin  and  English.  This 
work  was  long  esteemed  as  one  of  authority 
and  general  reference,  and  was  character- 
ised by  the  remarkable  precision  and 
method  of  its  classification  of  plants.  Mr. 
Symons  has  left  no  other  worlcs,  save  iso- 
lated sermons  preached  on  particular  oc- 
casions, of  which  may  be  mentioned  that 
entitled  <*  Christ's  perpetual  Presence  bis 
Church's  Security;"  preached  in  the 
parish  church  of  High  Wycombe,  at  the 
Visitation  of  Archdeacon  Justly  Hill,  26th 
May,  1835;  and  that  entitled  *'  Spirituality 
the  Duty  and  Test  of  Christ's  Church  ;  " 
a  sermon  preached  at  All  Saints'  Church, 
Hereford,  Sept.  S4th,  1R43,  at  the  ordi- 
nation of  candidates  of  the  diocese  of  Lich- 
field, by  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Hereford  (now 
Archbishop  of  York). 

His  funeral  took  place  at  Radnage,  on 
the  25th  of  May,  where  his  body  was  placed 
in  the  same  grave  in  which  that  of  his  wife 
had  been  previously  deposited,  in  the  chan- 


The  Rev.  N.  J.  Halpin. 

Nov.  22,  1850.  At  Dublin,  aged  60, 
the  Rev.  Nicholas  John  Halpin,  B.A. 
M.R.I.A. 

He  was  bom  Oct.  18,  1790,  at  Portar- 
lington.  At  the  university  of  Dublin  he 
exhibited  remarkable  literary  talents,  and 
often  obtained  the  Vice-Chanodlor^s  priiea 
and  medals.  Of  his  knowledge  in  several 
departments  of  literature  the  essays  wldc^ 
he  contributed  to  the  publications  of  the 
Shakespeare  Society  and  the  meetings  of 
the  Royal  Irish  Academy  may  be  giTen 
as  a  proof.     His  published  works  were— 

A  University  Prize  Poem  on  his  Mic- 
jesty  King  George  III.  having  completed 
the  50th  year  of  his  reign,     tiond.  1811. 

Tithes  no  Tax.  Dubl.  1823. 

The  Impossibility  of  Transubstantia- 
tion.  DubL 

No  Chimsera,  or  the  Lay  Reformation 
in  Ireland.  Dubl.  1828. 

Oberon's  Vision.  Lond.  1848. 

Bridal  Runaway,  an  Essay  on  Juliet's 
Soliloquy  (Shakespeare  Society's  papers). 
Lond.  1845. 

The  Dramatic  Unities  of  Shakespeare. 
Dubl.  1849. 

Observations  on  certain  passages  in  the 
life  of  Edmund  Spenser.  Dubl.  1850. 

He  married  in  1817  Miss  Ann  Grehan, 
of  Dublin,  who  is  left  his  widow,  with 
three  sons  and  four  daughters. 


C.  F.  TiECK. 

Lately.  At  Berlin,  aged  75,  Christia» 
Frederick  Tieck,  Director  of  the  Sculp- 
ture Gallery  of  the  Royal  Museum. 

This  excellent  sculptor,  who  was  a 
brother  of  the  celebrated  poet,  Lndwig 
Tieck,  was  bom  at  Berlin.  He  was  first 
apprenticed  to  a  stone-cutter ;  subse- 
quently entered  the  Academy  of  Fine 
Arts,  under  Schadow,  and,  impelled  by  his 
(elder)  brother,  soon  began  to  seek  after 
the  ideal  and  poetic  in  art  Having  ob- 
tained a  grant  from  the  Academy,  he  went 
to  Paris,  and  studied  in  the  atelier  of 


1861.2      Obituary.— ilfr.  J.  Bimmg.-~Mr.  J.  T.  Sm^h. 


919 


David,  the  painter,  ihowing  his  jvst  ap* 
predation  of  the  connection  between  de- 
sign and  scnlptnre.  A  reliefo,-  pablished 
in  the  Ammaiea  dm  Mut^  (toI.  i.  p.  9), 
representing  Priam  asking  Achilles  for  the 
corpse  of  Hector,  attracted  great  notice. 
Thenoe  Goethe  called  him  in  1801  to 
Weimar,  where  he  executed  several  re- 
lieros  and  busts  for  the  ducal  palace. 
Amongst  the  latter  that  of  Goethe  him- 
self,  and  that  of  F.  A.  Wolf,  the  pbUolo- 
gist,  are  of  great  merit.  In  1808  C.  P. 
Tleck  Tislted  Italy,  until  Mde.  de  Stael 
summoned  him  to  Copet  to  make  the  re- 
lievos of  the  Necker  family  vault.  Later  he 
executed  at  Carrara  the  life-size  statue  of 
M.  Necker.  When  King  Ludwig  of  Ba- 
varia had  conceived  the  idea  of  Sie  Wal- 
halla,  Tieck  was  selected  to  make  several 
of  the  busts  of  the  great  men  there  to  be 
exhibited.  These  were  made  in  the  soli- 
tude of  the  little  town  of  Carrara,  where 
Tieck  and  Ranch  worked  together,  the 
former  at  the  fine  candelabrum  with  the 
dancing  Horus,  now  placed  in  the  Mau- 
soleum of  Charlottenburgh,  near  Berlin. 
From  his  return  to  Berlin  in  1819,  up  to 
his  late  demise,  a  vast  number  of  sculp- 
tures have  been  executed,  both  by  Tieck 
himself,  as  well  as  from  his  models,  among 
which  were  the  sculptures  of  the  concert- 
hall  of  the  great  theatre,  and  the  large 
relievos  of  the  pediment  made  after  an- 
tique patterns  ;  the  colossal  angels  before 
the  Cathedral  of  Berlin ;  the  horse-tamer 
on  the  projecture  of  the  Royal  Museum  ; 
the  bronxe  door  of  the  Werder  church,  &c. 
Having  been  appointed  in  1830  director 
of  the  sculpture-gallery  of  the  Royal  Mu- 
seum, he  continued  the  restoration  of  the 
antiques  of  that  establishment.  He  was 
one  of  the  chief  founders  of  the  Society  of 
Art-Friends  of  Prussia,  and  exerted  a 
large  influence  over  the  whole  artistic 
movement  of  his  country. 

Mn.  John  Hknning. 

Lately.  Mr.  John  Henning,  the  re- 
storer of  the  Elgin  Marbles. 

He  was  bom  at  Paisley,  on  the  2nd  of 
May,  1771,  where  the  genius  of  art  found 
him  at  the  carpenter's  bisnch,  and  **  threw 
her  inspiring  mantle  over  him.'*  From 
his  native  town,  Henning  was  induced,  in 
1802,  to  repair  to  Edinburgh,  where  he 
ac(^uired,  during  nine  years'  residence, 
considerable  distinction — a  distinction  all 
the  more  meritorious  from  having  been 
fostered  and  encouraged  by  the  patronage 
and  friendship  of  Jeffrey,  Homer,  Mur- 
ray, Brougham,  Scott,  and  others  who  at 
that  time  adorned  the  Scotish  capital  in 
the  world  of  letters,  and  of  whom  he  has 
left  the  '*  living  form  and  pressure ''  in  his 
medalUons  and  busts. 


A  visit  to  London,  in  1811,  brought 
the  Scotish  sculptor  in  contact  with  the 
Elgin  Marbles.  Fascinated  with  theae 
noble  fragments  of  Grecian  sculpture*  ha 
succeeded  in  obtaining,  contrary  to  aca- 
demic formula,  permission  from  Lord 
Elgin  to  draw  from  them*  This  droum* 
stance  fixed  him  in  the  metropolis,  and» 
after  twelve  years  of  unremitting  assiduity 
to  their  restoration,  the  Parthenon  frieses 
sprung  frt>m  his  hand,  at  once  the  glory 
of  art  and  the  admiration  of  the  age.  To 
bis  Elgin  frieses  succeeded  the  cartoons 
after  Raffaelle,  works  of  like  transoendant 
merit,  in  which  is  faithfully  preserved  the 
truth  of  the  originals,  and  which  elicited 
the  encomiums  of  Flaxman  and  Canova. 
By  these  reproductions  of  Grecian  and 
Italian  art,  the  fine  arte  have  received  an 
invaluable  assistance, — J%€  ButMcr. 


Mr.  J.  Talfourd  Smyth. 

May  18.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  32,  Mr. 
J.  Talfourd  Smyth,  engraver. 

Mr.  Smyth  was  a  native  of  Edinburghi 
and  showed  at  an  early  age  a  great  en- 
thusiasm for  art.  He  studied  painting 
under  the  late  Sir  William  Allan,  at  tiie 
Trustees*  Academy  of  his  native  ci^  ;  and 
with  such  eagerness  that  be  wm  wont  to 
leave  his  bed  long  before  dawn,  set  his 
palette,  and  wait  impatiently  for  the  first 
glimpse  of  morning. 

In  1835,  however,  he  determined  to 
adopt  engraving  as  his  profession.  He 
was  his  own  teacher  in  the  art — his  only 
master  dying  during  the  first  year  of  hu 
pupilage.  But  the  plates  produced  im- 
mediately subsequent  to  that  period,  A 
Child's  HeAd,  after  Sir  John  Watson 
Gordon ;  The  Stirrup  Cup,  from  the 
picture  bv  Sir  William  Allan ;  and  others, 
proved  him  already  able  to  take  the  field 
alone.  In  1838  he  removed  to  Glasgow, 
where  some  seven  years  were  spent  over 
works  better  calculated  to  fill  his  purse, 
than  to  promote  his  artistic  knowledge, 
or  advance  his  reputation.  This  he  felt 
strongly,  and,  relinquishing  his  engage- 
ments there,  once  more  returned  to  Bdin- 
burgh,  where,  up  to  the  time  of  his 
d^ease,  with  assiduity  seldom  equalled, 
he  produced  many  works  of  great  excel- 
lence, four  of  which,  The  Consolator, 
John  Knox  dispensing  the  Sacrament, 
from  Wilkie^s  sketch  froni  the  unfinished 
picture  in  the  collection  of  the  Royal 
Scotish  Academy,  Mubready's  School^  in 
the  Vernon  Gallery,  and  Sir  W.  Allan's 
Tartar  Robbers  dividing  their  Spoil,  in  the 
same  collection,  have  appeared  in  tiie  Art 
Journal.  He  was  working  upon  a  plate 
after  Mr.  Faed*s  First  Step,  when  attack- 
ad  by  his  last  fatal  illness,  and  bad  under- 
taken another    from   Maclise's   Hamlet. 


214 


Clergy  Deceased. 


[Aug. 


The  anxious  and  obscure  labours  of  twenty 
years  were  about  to  be  rewarded  with  suc- 
cess and  reputation,  when  the  over-taxed 
system  gave  way,  and  a  brief  and  seeming- 
ly unimportant  indisposition  terminated 
in  softening  of  the  brain.  He  was  a  man 
of  much  taste,  and  considerable  reading  ; 
of  deep  religious  impressions,  and  blame- 
less life. — Art  Journal, 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Ajyra  29.  At  Bishop's  college,  Calcutta,  the  Rev. 
Alfred  WcOUs  Street,  M.A.  Senior  Professor  of  the 
college.  He  was  formerly  of  Magdalene  hall,  and 
afterwards  of  Pembroke  college,  Oxford,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  1837,  M.A.  1839.  He  was  elected 
Craven  University  scholar  and  appointed  Junior 
Professor  in  Bishop's  college,  Calcutta,  by  tlie 
Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in 
Foreign  Parts  in  1839.  "  The  esteem  and  love  of 
all  acquainted  with  the  Professor  (writes  the 
Bishop)  were  deeply  seated.  His  line  talents,  his 
sound  scholarship,  his  general  knowledge,  his 
kindnass  and  tenderness  of  heart,  his  diligence, 
his  disinterested  character,  and  his  benevolence, 
had  attaclied  all  to  him  who  were  placed  under 
his  influence  or  enjoyed  his  friend«ihip.  In  the 
college,  as  well  as  in  the  mission,  his  zeal  and  in- 
defatigable labours  were  only  too  great  even  for 
his  firm  and  vigorous  firame.  Mr.  Street  has  left 
a  wife  and  three  children.  In  his  generosity  and 
disregard  of  self  he  had  used  up  his  little  income, 
nor  has  he  left  so  much  as  100  rupees,  exclusive 
of  a  very  small  insurance  on  his  life."  Mr.  Street 
was  brother  to  the  Rev.  A.  Street,  late  curate  of 
St.  James's  Bristol. 

May  12.  At  Sudbury,  Suflfolk,  aged  G8,  the  Rev. 
Henry  Watts  WUkinton,  M.A.  Perpetual  Curate  of 
St.  Peter  and  St.  Gregory,  Sudbury,  and  Vicar  of 
the  united  parishes  of  Walton  and  Felixstow.  He 
was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Watts  Wilkinson,  B.A.  of 
Worcester  college,  Oxford,  1780,  for  sixty-one 
jrears  Afternoon  Lecturer  of  St.  Mary  Aldennary, 
and  for  thirty-seven  years  Tuesday-morning  Lec- 
turer of  St.  Bartholomew  by  the  Exchange,  in  the 
city  of  London  (who  is  briefly  noticed  in  our  Ma- 
gazine for  March  1841,  p.  324).  lie  was  himself 
formerly  a  FeUow  of  the  same  college,  and  gradu- 
ated B.A.  1804,  M.A.  180C.  He  published,  in  1814, 
being  then  Curate  at  Sudbury,  a  Sermon  preached 
on  the  day  of  General  Thanksgiving  for  the  Peace. 
In  1816  he  was  presented  to  the  peri>etual  curacy. 
In  March  1841  he  received  from  his  parishioners 
a  purse  containing  78  sovereigns  as  a  testimony 
of  esteem.  In  1842  he  published  a  Memoir  of  the 
Life  and  Ministry  of  his  Father.  In  1845  he  was 
instituted  to  the  vicarage  of  Walton  with  Felix- 
stow.  His  funeral  took  place  on  the  17th  of  May, 
when  his  body  was  deposited  in  the  chancel  of  St. 
Peter's  church,  Sudbury.  On  the  following  Sunday 
a  funeral  sermon  was  preached  there  by  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Fenn  of  Blackheath,  and  in  the  afternoon 
one  was  preached  at  St.  Gregory's  by  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Patten  the  Curate. 

May  25.  At  Sheffield,  aged  36.  the  Rev.  John 
Sheldon,  M.A.  Perp.  Curate  of  All  Saints'  in  that 
town  (1848).  He  was  of  Catharine  hall,  Cam- 
bridge, and  was  appointed  Curate  of  Rattlesden, 
Suffolk,  in  1845. 

May  26.  In  London,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Alexander, 
of  Calm  Castle,  co.  Antrim. 

May  31.  At  Rochester,  aged  88,  the  Rev. 
JMtert  }Vhitehead,  M.A.  Rector  of  Ormside,  Westm. 
(181 1 ),  Perp.  Curate  of  Henslngham,  Cumb.(  1831 ), 
and  late  Chaplain  of  H.  M.  dockyard,  Chatham. 
His  wife  died  in  1842. 

Lately.  At  Kilmore  glebe,  the  residence  of  his 
brother  the  Rev.  Robert  King,  the  Rev.  Eben^ter 
h''f><f,  M.A.    He  was  the  third  son  of  the  late  Sir 


Robert  King,  Bart,  of  Charlestown,  co.  Roscom- 
mon. 

June  1 .  In  Milton-st.  Dorset-sq.  the  Rev.  Stewart 
William  Hanna^  Incumbent  of  St.  James's,  Mary- 
lebone,  to  which  he  was  nominated  by  the  Queen, 
Jan.  18,  1850,  on  the  death  of  Archdeacon  Jen- 
nings. He  was  formerly  Island  Curate  of  St. 
George's,  Jamaica. 

June  2.    At  Staunton  hall,  aged  86,  the  Rev. 
John  Staunton,  LL.D.  Rector  of  Staunton  with 
KUvington,  and  of  Elton,  Notts,  official  of  the 
archdeaconry  of  Nottingham,  and  a  Ju.stice  of  the 
peace  for  the  counties  of  Nottingham  and  Leices- 
ter.   This  gentleman's  paternal  name  was  Aspin- 
shaw,  under  which  he  took  his  B.A.  degree  at 
Cambridge  as  a  member  of  Emmanuel  coll^^.  He 
proceeded  MA.  1791,  LLJ).  1804.  For  some  year* 
he  was  curate  of  Stapleford  near  Nottingham,  and 
afterwards  Rector  of  St.  Peter's  In   that  town, 
which  he  held  to  1814.     He  was  presented  to 
Elton  super  Montem  in  1814  by  Francis  Sanders, 
esq.  and  instituted  to  Staunton  cum  Kilvington 
on  liLs  own  presentation  in  1826.    He  took  the 
name  of  Staunton  only,  and  the  arms  of  Staunton, 
by  royaJ  sign-manual  In  1807.    He  had  married 
in  May  1793,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Job  Brough, 
esq.  and  granddaughter  of  Richard  Brough,  esq. 
of  Thoroton,  by  Anne,  daughter  of  Gilbert  Charl- 
ton, esq.  (son  of  Sir  Job  Charlton,  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  (Commons,)  by  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of 
Han-ey  Staunton,  esq.  the  last  of  the  very  ancient 
family  of  Staunton,  of  Staunton,  co.  Notts.    Dr. 
Staunton  assumed  the  name  of  his  wife's  family  in 
179.    As  lord  of  the  manor  of  Staunton ,  and  con- 
sequently hereditary  keeper  of  the  Staunton  tower 
at  Belvoir  Castle,  he  performed  the  ancient  custom 
of  presenting  its    key  to  H.  R.  H.  the  Prince 
Regent  on  his  visit  in  1814,  and  his  son  performed 
the  same  on  the  visit  of  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of 
Gloucester  in  1833.    Dr.  Staunton  was  for  many 
years  Chairman  of  the  county  sessions  at  Newark, 
and  was  greatly  respected  throughout  the  coimty 
and  neighbourhood.    He  had  one  son,  the  Rev. 
William  Job  Charlton  Staunton,  who  married  in 
18    ,  Isabella,  only  daughter  of  the  late  Very  Rev. 
G«orge  Gordon,  D.D.  Dean  of  Lincoln,  and  two 
daughters,  Elizabeth-Catharine,  married  to  the 
Rev.  (Jeorge  (Jordon,  formerly  Vicar  of  Edwin- 
stowe,  eldest  son  of  the  Dean  of  Lincoln ;  and 
Mary  Anne,  who  died  unmarried  a  few  years  ago. 
June  3.    At  the  vicarage,  Down  Amney,  Glouc. 
aged  nearly  88,  the  Rev.  Eduard  Henry  Payne. 

June  4.  At  Eddington,  the  Rev.  WiUiam  Charles 
Loveless,  many  years  Missionary  at  Madras. 

June  5.  At  the  residence  of  his  son-in-law  S. 
F.  Adair,  esq.  In  Dublin,  Aged  72.  the  Rev.  John 
Olphert,  Rector  of  Drumachose,  co.  Londonderry. 
At  Chelsea,  the  Rev.  John  Farrer  Robinson^ 
M.A.  Fellow  and  late  Mathematical  Lecturer  of 
St.  Peter's  college,  Cambridge.  He  graduated 
B.A.  1836,  being  then  a  member  of  St.  John's  col- 
lege, M.A.  1839. 

June  6.  At  Chester,  the  Rev.  Joseph  HodgUnson , 
Vicar  of  Didcot,  Herts.  He  was  of  Brazenose  col- 
lege, Oxford.  B.A.  1796,  M.A.  1798,  B.D.  1811,  and 
was  presented  to  Didcot  in  1817. 

June  7.  At  Deddington,  Oxf.  aged  54,  the  Rev. 
Hugh  White  HaU,  M.A.  He  was  of  St.  Peter's  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  B.A.  1823. 

At  Britwell  Salome,  Oxfordshire,  in  his 97th  year, 
the  Rev.  Andrew  Pnce,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and 
Vicar  of  Do^-n  Amney,  Glouc.  -This  gentleman 
was  of  American  descent  and  was  bom  at  Lee  in 
Kent  on  the  23d  July,  1754.  His  parents  died 
whilst  he  was  an  infant.  He  was  a  fellow  colle- 
gian and  contemporary  of  the  venerable  President 
of  Magdalene,  being  first  a  member  of  that  society ; 
he  aftent-ards  was  appointed  a  Chaplain  to  CJhrist- 
church,  and  graduated  B.A.  1775,  M.A.  1778.  He 
was  ord&ined  deacon  by  John  bishop  of  Sarum, 
Sept.  22,  1776,  and  priest  by  John  bishop  of  Ox- 
ford, Dec.  20,  1778.  He  was  presented  to  Brit- 
well in  1782,  and  had  consequently  held  that  living 
for  nearly  .seventy  years.    The  advowson  ha>  heen 


1851.] 


Clergy  Deceased. 


215 


repeatedly  sold  during  his  incumbency.  In  1788 
he  was  also  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  Down 
Amney  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Christ  Church, 
and  he  had  consequently  held  that  benefice  for 
sixty-three  years.  He  married  Margaretta,  daugh- 
ter of  tlie  Rev.  James  Stopes,  Rector  of  Britwell 
Salome  ;  she  died  in  1834. 

JwM  9.  At  Hampton  Wick,  the  Rev.  Uennj 
Shepherdt  D.C.L.  formerly  Senior  Chaplain  of  St. 
Jolm's  cathedral,  Calcutta.  He  was  son  of  the 
late  Dr.  Richard  Shepherd,  Archdeacon  of  Bed- 
ford, and  Rector  of  Wetherden  and  Helmingham, 
Suffolk.  He  was  created  B.C.L.  by  decree  of  con- 
vocation Nov.  4,  1824,  and  D.C.L.  March  2,  1825, 
as  a  member  of  St;  Alban  hall,  Oxford. 

At  Narraghmore  rectory,  Kildare,  in  his  83rd 
year,  the  Ven.  John  Torrens,  D.D.  Archdeacon  of 
Dublin,  for  32  years  Rector  of  the  united  parishes 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Kevin,  in  the  city  of  Dublin, 
and  for  37  years  Rector  of  Narraghmore,  in  the 
diocese  of  Kildare.  He  was  the  last  surviving 
brother  of  the  late  Shr  Henry  Torrens. 

June  11.  At  Alrewas,  Staff,  aged  63,  the  Rev. 
John  Moore^  Vicar  of  that  place.  He  was  of 
Exeter  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1806,  M.A.  1808,  and 
was  present^  to  his  living  in  1832  by  the  Chan- 
cellor of  Lichfield  Cathedral. 

Aged  79,  the  Rev.  Peter  Perring,  of  Mo<lbury, 
Devonshire,  late  Rector  of  North  Huish  in  that 
county.  He  was  a  younger  brother  of  Sir  John 
Perring  the  first  Bart.  Alderman  of  London,  being 
the  fifth  and  youngest  son  of  Philip  Perring,  esq. 
by  his  cousin  Susannah,  daughter  of  Richard 
L^l^assick,  esq.  He  was  of  St.  Mary  hall,  Oxford, 
B  A.  1796,  and  the  same  year  was  instituted  to  the 
rectory  of  North  Huish.  In  1800  he  was  incorpo- 
rated of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  as  a  mem- 
ber of  Emmanuel  college,  and  proceeded  M.A. 
In  18 . .  he  resigned  his  living  to  his  nephew,  the 
Rev.  Philip  Perring,  second  son  of  the  Alderman. 

At  Dublin,  aged  24,  the  Rev.  Wmiam  Stack- 
home,  late  Curate  of  St.  Luke's,  London.  He  was 
of  Worcester  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1851. 

June  12.  Aged  37,  tlie  Rev.  Henry  Ilayton,  of 
Bath,  late  Curate  of  Oakham,  Rutland.  He  was 
of  St.  John's  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1837,  M.A.  1840. 
He  married  in  1839  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
Rev,  Cuthbert  Johnson  Baines,  M.A.  Vicar  of  St. 
Ive's,  CO.  Huntingdon. 

June  15.  At  Ventry  parsonage,  co.  Kerry,  the 
Rev.  Isaac  Scale,  Curate  of  Dunurlin,  in  the 
diocese  of  Ardfert. 

June  18.  The  Rev.  E.  S.  Ireland,  Curate  of 
Brookesby,  Leicestersliire. 

June  19.  Aged  80,  the  Rev.  Jame*  Nevin,  M.A. 
for  upwards  of  fifty  years  Senior  Curate  of  St. 
Andrew's,  Dublin. 

June  20.  At  Cheltenham,  in  his  66th  year,  the 
Rev.  Frederic  Colder,  fjatlier  of  the  Rev.  Fred. 
Calder.  liead  master  of  Chesterfield  Grammar 
School. 

June  22.  In  Sackville  street,  Piccadilly,  in 
his  57th  year,  the  Rev.  Oerrard  Thomas  Andr ewes. 
Clerk  in  orders  of  St.  James's,  Westminster.  He 
was  the  only  son  of  the  Very  Rev.  Gerrard 
Andrewes,  D.D.  Dean  of  Canterbury  and  Rector 
of  St.  James's,  Westminster,  (of  whom  a  memoir 
will  be  found  in  our  Magazine  for  July,  1825),  by 
Elizabetli-Maria,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Ball, 
Rector  of  Wymondham,  co.  Leic.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Westminster ;  firom  whence  he  was  elected 
to  Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  and  graduated  B.A. 
1817,  M.A.  1820.  In  1819  he  was  presented  tothe 
rector>'  of  AUliallows,  Bread  Street,  in  the  city  of 
London,  a  peculiar  of  the  diocese  of  Canterbury ; 
and  in  1821  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  six 
Preachers  of  Canterbury  cathedral,  which  prefer- 
ments he  afterwards  resigned.  In  Nov.  1839  he 
was  appointed  Chaplain  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. In  Feb.  1847,  having  been  for  some  years 
Curate  of  St.  James's  Westminster,  860  of  the  pa- 
risliioners  presented  to  him  a  liandsome  bookcase 
tmd  cliair,  Macklin's  Bible,  Boydell's  Shakespeare, 
and  a  chronometer,  tbe  total  cost  of  which  was 


520/.  He  married  a  daughter  of  the  Ute  Dr. 
Heberden.  He  was  a  liberal,  conscientious,  and 
amiable  man,  and  highly  esteemed  by  many 
friends. 

At  North  Walsham,  Norfolk,  aged  84,  the  Rev. 
WUUam  Farley  Wilkinson,  Rector  of  Saxlingham 
Nethergate  (1833),  and  Vicar  of  North  Walsham 
(1818).  He  was  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1789,  M.A.  1792. 

At  BouIogne-sur-Mer,  aged  49,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Harvey,  Minister  of  the  Upper  Town  church.  He 
was  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Thomas  Harvey, 
esq.  of  Hoon  Hay,  co.  Derby.  He  was  of  Christ's 
college,  CJambridge,  B.A.  1824.  In  1847  a  public 
conmiittee  was  formed  "  for  redressing  the  griev- 
ances sustained  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Harvey  at  the 
hands  of  the  Bishop  of  London,"  and  he  published 
an  Appeal  to  Lord  John  Russell. 

June  23.  At  Sunbury,  Middlesex,  at  the  resi- 
dence of  his  third  son  Dr.  Joseph  Seaton,  aged 
70,  the  Rev.  William  Seaton,  Rector  of  Lampeter 
Velvrey,  co.  Pemb.  to  which  he  was  presented  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor  hi  1830. 

June  25.  At  Walton-upon-Thames,  aged  62, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Hatch,  M.A.  Vicar  of  that  parish. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  King's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, B.A.  1813,  M.A.  1817,  and  was  presented 
to  Walton  in  1816  by  the  Lord  Chancellor. 

At  Cowley,  near  Uxbridge,  aged  70,  the  Rev. 
John  HUHard,  Rector  of  that  parish.  He  was  the 
son  of  Edward  Hilliard,  esq.  lord  of  the  manor  of 
Cowley ;  was  of  Worcester  college,  Oxford,  B.C.L. 
1804,  and  was  instituted  to  the  rectory  of  Cowley 
(which  was  in  his  own  patronage)  in  1806. 

June  27.  At  Ck)mbe  Florey,  Som.  the  Rev.  ITiomat 
Prowse  Lethbridge,  Rector  of  that  parish,  brother 
to  Sir  John  Hesketh  Lethbridge,  Bart.  He  was 
the  third  and  youngest  son  of  Sir  Thos.  Buckler 
Lethbridge,  the  first  Bart,  by  his  second  wife 
Anne,  2d  dau.  of  Ambrose  Goddard,  of  Swindon, 
CO.  Wilts,  esq.  He  was  of  Christ  church,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1823 ;  was  presented  by  his  father,  in  1837, 
to  the  rectory  of  Broad  Nymet,  co.  Devon  ;  and  in 
1839  to  the  rectory  of  Bow,  alias  Nymet  Tracy,  in 
the  same  county,  on  the  presentation  of  H.  S. 
Nortlicote,  esq.  and  the  Rev.  H.  B.  Wray.  He  re- 
signed those  livings  in  1845,  when  he  was  pre- 
sented to  Ck)mbe  Florey  by  the  Lord  Chancellor. 
He  married  in  1834,  Isabella,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Sweet  Escott,  of  Hartrow,  co.  Som. 

At  Claughton,  CHieshire,  aged  54,  the  Rev.  W. 
Richardson.  He  recently  kept  a  private  school  at 
Birkenhead. 

July  1.  In  the  Precincts,  Canterbury,  aged  48, 
the  Rev.  Frederick  Vernon  Lockwood,  Cwnon  of 
Canterbury  and  Vicar  of  Minster  in  Thanet.  Ho 
was  the  second  son  of  Thomas  Lockwood,  esq.  by 
Charlotte,  dau.  of  Lord  Crcorge  Manners-Sutton, 
of  Kelham,  co.  Nottingham.  He  was  of  Trhiity 
college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1824,  M.A.  1828.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  curacy  of  Sturry,  April  22, 1826, 
and  collated  to  Merstham  by  his  uncle,  Archbishop 
Manners-Sutton,  March  7,  1829.  Subsequently  bo 
was  some  time  Chaplain  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons, and  in  acknowledgment  of  that  service  was 
nominated  by  the  Queen  to  a  prebendal  stall  at 
Canterbury,  Nov.  3, 1838.  He  was  collated  by  Arch- 
bishop Howley  to  the  vicarage  of  Minster  in  1839. 
He  married  July  21,  1840,  his  cousin  Mary- 
Isabella,  eldest  surviving  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Hugh  Percy,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  and 
granddaughter  of  the  Most  Rev.  Charles  Manners- 
Sutton,  D.D.  Lord  Archbishop  of  CJanterbury.  By 
his  death  the  Church  is  deprived  of  one  of  her 
most  useful  members,  and  society  of  one  of  her 
gr^tcst  ornaments.  He  caught  the  infection 
wliich  has  terminated  his  labours  while  visiting 
one  of  his  parishioners  afflicted  with  the  small-pox. 

July  2.  At  Twickenham,  aged  44,  the  Rev. 
TTumtas  Bevan,  Minister  of  Christ  church,  Twick- 
enham. He  w&s  the  second  son  of  the  late  Lieut.- 
Col.  Charles  Bevan,  of  the  King's  0>v-n  regt.  of 
Foot.  He  was  of  Balliol  college,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1828 ;  MJV..  1833. 


216 


Obituary. 


I  Aug. 


July  4.  At  the  house  of  his  brother-in-law, 
James  Lee,  esq.  at  West  Retford,  in  his  67th  rear, 
the  Rev.  WUKcun  Verdtt,  Rector  of  Orayingham, 
Line.  This  gentleman  was  the  last  descendant  in 
the  male  line  of  a  fiunily  which  first  settled  in 
England  in  the  17th  century,  when  Simon  Verelst 
was  a  very  celebrated  painter  of  flowers  in  the 
court  of  Charles  IL  Various  anecdotes  of  him  are 
recorded  by  Vertue  and  Walpole.  His  brother 
Herman,  also  a  painter,  was  the  great-grand- 
flither  of  Harry  Verelst,  esq.  Governor  of  Bengal, 
who  in  1771  purchased  Aston  Hall  and  other 
estates  in  Yorkshire,  of  the  Earl  of  Halifkx ;  and 
by  Anne,  daughter  and  co-heir  of  Josiah  Words- 
worth, esq.  of  Wadwortli,  near  Doncaster,  had 
Issue  four  sons,  Harry  Verelst,  esq.  of  Aston, 
Major  in  the  23d  Light  Horse ;  Josiah,  an  ofRcer 
in  the  4  th  Dragoons ;  the  Rev.  Arthur  Charles 
Verelst,  Vicar  of  Wadworth  and  Rector  of  Withy- 
combe,  Som. ;  and  the  gentleman  now  deceased. 
The  last  was  formerly  a  Fellow  of  Catharine  hall, 
Cambridge,  where  ho  graduated  B.A.  1807,  M.A. 
1810;  and  he  was  presented  to  the  rectory  of 
Orayingham  by  Sir  John  Thorold,  Bart,  in  1820. 
His  three  brothers,  though  all  married,  died 
without  surviving  issue ;  and  in  1849,  on  the  death 
of  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Verelst,  he  succeeded  to  the 
femiily  estates ;  but  he  continued  to  reside  as  a 
parish  priest  at  Gh-ayingham,  where  he  consci- 
entionsly  discharged  his  duties,  and  where  his 
body  has  been  interred.  He  married,  in  1844, 
Sophia,  second  daughter  of  Wm.  Lee,  esq.  of 
Grove  Ilall,  near  Ferrybridge,  but  had]  no  issue. 
The  widows  of  all  four  brothers  still  survive  them. 
They  liave  also  left  two  sisters.  Anne,  widow  of 
Edward  Synge  Cooper,  esq.  M.P.  of  Marletree 
Castle,  CO.  Sllgo,  and  Muy,  widow  of  Robert 
Evelyn  Sutton,  e»q.  of  Scofton,  and  now  the  wife 
of  James  Lee,  esq.  of  West  Retford. 

JtUy^.  At  Ingouville,  near  Havre,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Hinde^  M.A.  formerly  of  Winwick,  co. 
Lancaster.  He  was  of  Jesus  college,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1822.  M.A.  1826. 

At  Winchester,  in  his  96th  year,  the  Rev.  Uenry 
BUmore,  B.C.L.  Vicar  of  Wymeriujf  with  Widloy, 
and  for  fifty  years  a  Fellow  of  Wincnester  college. 
He  graduated  as  of  New  college,  Oxford,  in  1783. 
He  was  father  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  Sissmore, 
formerly  Curate  of  Hampstead  near  London,  and 
latterly  of  Chute  in  Wilts,  who  died  in  1847,  and 
is  brieflr  noticed  in  our  vol.  xxvni.  p.  662. 

/«%f  8.  Aged  86,  the  Rev.  Thonuu  Trebedt, 
Rector  of  Chailey,  Sussex,  and  a  Prebendaiy  of 
Ripon.  He  was  son  of  the  Rev.  James  Trebeck, 
formerly  Vicar  of  Chiswick,  co.  Middlesex,  who 
died  in  1808.  He  was  of  Christchurch,  Oxford. 
B.A.  1787,  M.A.  1790.  In  1793  he  was  presented 
Inr  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Cnirlstchurch  to  the 
vicarage  of  Wath-upon-Deame  near  Doncaster, 
which  he  held  until  1822.  Ho  was  nominated  a 
Prebendary  of  Ripon  in  1809,  and  presented  to  fbe 
rectory  of  Chafley  bi  1822.  He  married  Dec.  22, 
1794,  Elolm,  third  dau.  of  Jonathan  Burwood,  esq. 
of  Woodbrldge;  she  died  at  Wath,  Nov.  18, 1798. 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORDER. 

Nov.  — .  At  St.  Catharine's,  Upper  Canada, 
William,  eldest  son  of  the  late  wm.  Warner  Bar- 
throp,  esq.  of  Parham  hall,  Suflblk. 

Jan.  4.  At  Philadelphia,  aged  68,  Isabella,  wife 
of  Anthony  Slater,  esq.  of  Chesterfield,  Derty- 
sldre,  and  daughter  of  Charles  Macatester,  esq.  of 
Philadelphia,  formerly  of  Campbeltown,  Cantlre. 
She  was  interred  in  the  fiunily  vault  at  St.  Mi- 
chael's church,  Toxteth-park,  near  Liverpool, 
June  4. 

Jan.  — .  At  Paris,  M.  Charles  Coquerell,  who 
long  reported  die  proeeedSnga  of  the  Aeademr  of 
Sciences  for  the  Conrrler  Fnui^als ;  wrote  a  "  His- 
tory of  EngllBb  Uteratnre/*  *'  Cartttes,  an  Esaay 
on  a  complete  Spiritualist  Philosopfay,'*  and  **  The 

14 


History  of  the  Churches  of  the  Desert,  or  of  tbft 
Protestant  Churches  of  France  trcm  the  Revcica- 
tion  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  to  the  Reign  of  Lovto 
the  Sixteenth." 

Jan.  24.  At  Nagoda,  MiOor  and  bftvet  Lietti- 
Col.  Edward  Salusbury  Lloyd,  of  the  49th  Bengal 
N.  Inf.    He  was  a  cadet  of  1828,  Major  1848. 

Feb.  — ,  At  Aden,  Lieut.  William  CuomlBff 
Rose,  of  the  78th  Highlanders.  He  was  appd&ted 
Ensign  Jan.  1845,  Lieut.  June  1846. 

Fd>.  13.  At  Kensington,  S.  AustnJfai,  Elizabefh- 
Letitia,  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Watson,  dau.  of  Mr. 
Henry  Manwell,  of  Ifilton-st.  London. 

Feb.  15.  In  Jamaica,  Lient.-Col.  Nichcdas  Law- 
son  Darrah,  in  command  of  the  reserve  battalioa 
of  the  97th  regt.  He  served  42  yean  tipon  taJil 
pay,  and  26  in  the  96th  regt. ;  was  in  Semite 
castle  when  besieged  in  1806;  at  IDll  in  SuXtf 
when  attacked  by  Murat ;  and  at  the  attack  on 
Bergen  op  Zoom. 

/^6. 16.  On  his  passage  firom  Hobart  Town, 
Major  Jaffiray  Nicholson,  of  the  99Ui  regt. 

/*«&.  19.  At  Seroor,  Bombay,  Lieut.  Henry 
Thomas  Walker,  1st.  Eur.  FnsiUers. 

March  8.  At  Jellundnr,  Capt.  G.  A.  TVtler, 
Assist.  Commissioner  trans.  Sutl^ :  formerly  of 
tlie  63d  regt.  He  was  a  man  of  great  diUgenM 
and  an  excellent  linguist. 

March  14.  In  the  East  Indies,  aged  24,  M.  CuMC 
Smith,  esq. 

March  15.  Of  wounds  received  from  robbers 
near  Peshawur,  Capt.  Francis  Grantham,  90tti 
Foot.  He  was  appointed  Ensign  1839,  Lieut.  184 1 , 
Cantahi  1846  {  and  serted  tHth  the  96th  on  the 
Chinese  expedition  fai  1842. 

March  29.  In  Torriiigton-sq.  Capt.  Edward 
Harris  Butterfleld,  R.K.  He  was  the  second  son 
of  Kcar-Adm.  Wm.  Butterfleld,  who  died  in  184S. 
He  entered  the  Navy  in  1821  on  board  the  Glasgow 
50 ;  was  afterwards  actively  engaged  in  the  sup- 
pression of  the  slave  trade  in  the  Atboll  88  and 
Sybllle  48,  and  as  mate  of  the  Black  Joke,  thfc 
tender  of  the  latter,  be  contriboted  to  the  eapttird 
of  2 1  vessels,  carrying  an  aggregate  of  upwards  of 
7,000  slaves.  For  his  dashn^  capture  of  El  Alml- 
rantc  of  14  guns  and  80  men,  having  460  slaves  oti 
board,  after  a  severe  action  ot  80  minutes,  be  wis 
placed  on  the  Admiralty  list,  and  ultlminely  ap- 
poiuted  First  Lieutenant  of  Uie  Primrose  18,  Jan. 
6,  1830.  On  Sept.  7,  following,  he  agiUn  signaUced 
himself  in  a  desperate  confltet  with  another  slaver. 
tlie  Veloz  Passagra  of  20  guns,  to  which  he  owed 
his  promotion  to  Commander,  Ifarch  7, 1832.  In 
the  interval,  on  the  16th  April,  1881,  he  eoln- 
missioned  the  Brisk  brig,  and  captured  the 
Preuva  with  318  slaves.  Subsequent^  in  tb6 
Fan  tome  16,  with  a  small  squadron  of  brigs  under 
his  orders,  he  seized  48  slavers,  containmg  5,628 
captives.  He  was  advanced  to  poet  rank^v.  28, 
1841.  Capt.  Butterfleld  committed  suicide  at  the 
house  of  bin  brother-in-law,  Dr.  Smcdley. 

At  Ennls,  Capt.  John  Crowe,  J. P.  late  of  the 
98d  Highlanders. 

March  90.  At  Kingston,  Canada  West.  Maifor 
Alexander  Forbes,  late  of  the  79th  Highlanden. 
He  served  in  the  Peninsula,  at  Badi^ca,  in  tfM 
battle  of  Uie  Nivelle  and  Nlve,  and  at  Waterloo, 
where  he  was  wounded  in  the  Ic^  by  a  musket-baO. 

LaUlf^.  At  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Lncas  ttobin^ 
ton,  esq.  of  Newry,  brother-in-law  of  R.  Lawren- 
son,  esq.  Mount  Dnunmond,  and  son-in-law  of  tiM 
late  Charles  Pasley,  esq.  of  Dublin. 

Mr.  James  Brown,  a  linen  merchant  of  Lnrgaa. 
He  has  bequeathed  2,000^.  for  the  home  misrion  of 
the  Presbyterian  church,  and  the  like  sum  for  the 
Presbyterian  schools  in  Connougbt. 

At  Mangerion,  Killamey,  Sh*  Richard  Courtney, 
one  of  the  favourite  guides  of  that  mountafaMras 
region.  He  had  borne  his  tltiilsr  dignity  for  some 
thuty  years,  from  the  tbne  when  he  accompcnied 
a  Lord  Lieutenant  to  the  top  of  MangerCon,  and, 
as  tradition  says,  rescued,  at  great  personal  rUk, 
his  Exodlency's  Uidy  flrom  di'^wnliM.  ffit  wftofo- 
length  portrait,  dnnm  by  Kr.  rTd.  ToDgne  Is 


1851.] 


OBiTUAky. 


217 


1840,  is  very  cbaracteristicaUy  represented  in 
Mrs.  Hall's  Ireland.  "  In  1850  Sir  Richard  ex- 
hibited stiU  more  the  effects  of  years  and  illness, 
and  he  is  now  onable  to  ascend  Mangerton,  unless 
by  the  wise  generosity  of  the  tourist  a  pony  is  pro- 
vided for  him  ;  but  the  cost  of  this  accommodation 
will  not  be  thrown  away,  for  his  abundant  store 
of  I^ends  will  be  opened,  and  lucky  will  be  the 
tourist  who  secures  his  services."  (A  Week  at 
KiUamey,  1850,  p.  127,  where  tlie  portrait  is  re- 
peated.) The  grave  of  this  fiEiithful  and  courteous 
dea^one  is  at  Mucross  Abbey,  where  it  must  not 
be  left  without  some  grateful  memorial. 

At  Dublin,  James  Gandon,  esq.  J.P.  for  the 
county  Dublin,  Capt.  of  the  County  Dublin  Militia, 
son  of  the  late  James  Gandon,  of  Canon  Brook, 
Lucan,  esq.  architect. 

At  Chichester,  in  his  85th  year.  Commander 
George  Reynolds,  R.N.,  son  of  the  late  Adm.  John 
Reynolds.  He  entered  the  Navy  in  1781,  and 
served  for  thirty-one  years  on  full  pay.  In  1791 
he  was  wrecked  in  the  Pandora  24,  sent  in  search 
of  the  mutineers  of  the  Bounty.  He  was  made 
Lieut.  1794  into  the  St.  Alban's  64 ;  and  was  made 
First  of  the  Vengeance  74,  at  the  capture  of  St. 
Lucia  and  Trinidad.  He  accepted  the  rank  of  re- 
tired Commander  1831. 

At  Walham  Green,  aged  33,  Samuel  Baker 
Rowland,  esq.  poisoned  by  hydrocyanic  acid.  He 
was  the  assistant  and  successor  of  Mr.  Rouse,  who 
perished  by  the  same  poison.  On  two  occasions 
Mr.  Rowland  was  shipwrecked,  and  made  wonder- 
ful escapes. 

At  Hanover,  aged  more  than  80,  a  lady  named 
Von  Lenthe,  ttie  widow  of  a  subaltern  ci\'il  oflBcial, 
who  celebrated  last  year  the  75th  anniversary  of 
her  state  allo¥rance,  which  was  given  under  the 
folloMong  circumstances :— In  the  year  1771,  when 
the  unfortunate  Queen  Caroline  Matilda  of  Den- 
mark obtained  by  the  intervention  of  her  brother 
George  III.  an  asylum  at  Cette,  in  Hanover,  she 
wished  to  adopt  a  child  to  supply  the  void  left  in 
her  heart  by  the  detention  of  her  own  children 
flrom  her.  An  orphan  girl,  knoM-n  as  "little 
Sophie,"  was  selected,  and  remained  with  the 
Queen  till  the  death  of  her  Majesty  in  1775.  In 
her  last  hours  she  recommended  the  persons  sur- 
rounding her  to  the  care  of  her  relatives  for  pro- 
vision by  pensions  for  their  lives,  and  the  wish  was 
complied  with  through  the  exertions  of  her  chap- 
Wn,  Pastor  Lehzen.  Among  them  was  "little 
Sophie,"  who  received  a  pension  of  400thaler8, 
and  drew  it  regularly  for  seventy-flve  years. 

April  8.  At  Boulogne,  Commander  George  Hall 
Dacre,  K.N.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Colonel  George  Dacre,  of  Marwell  House,  Hants. 
He  entered  the  service  in  1799,  and  served  afloat 
during  the  war  for  15  years.  In  the  Phoenix  36 
he  assisted  at  the  capture  in  1801  of  the  French 
frigates  Carri^re,  Succfes,  and  Bravoure.  In  1803 
he  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  Minene  48,  when 
she  grounded  near  Cherbourg,  and  did  not  regain 
his  Uberty  until  1809.  He  was  then  appointed  a 
Lieutenant,  and  Her\'ed  in  the  Beacon  10,  Alex- 
andria 32,  and  Havoc  12.  He  had  been  on  half- 
pay  fh>m  1815,  and  accepted  the  rank  of  retired 
Commander  in  1848. 

Apnl  9.  At  Calcutta,  m  her  30th  year,  Eliza- 
beth Lakin,  >*ife  of  W.  J.  Morgan,  esci.  of  the 
house  of  Julius,  Kohn,  and  Co.  merchants,  and 
eldest  daughter  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Mottram,  of  Wolver- 
hampton. 

April  10.  At  Allahabad,  Capt.  Angus  de  Foun- 
tain, late  of  the  40th  Bengal  N.  Inf.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  cadet  1825,  Captain  in  the  army  1841, 
in  his  regt.  1845. 

In  London,  Colonel  William  M.  Sloane,  late  of 
the  Brit.  Aux.  Legion  in  Spain,  and  formerly  of 
the  23d  Fusiliers,  and  67th  regt.  with  which  he 
served  in  India. 

April  15.  At  Rosti-evor,  Downshirc,  aged  43, 
Commander  Charles  James  Postic,  R.N.  He 
passed  his  examination  in  1831,  was  made  Lieu- 
tenant 1836,  and  served  in  various  ships  imtil 

Gent.  Mao.  Vox.  XXXVI. 


1845,  when  he  was  made  Commander.  For  the 
assistance  he  gave  to  the  French  steamer  Pepin, 
wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Barbary,  King  Lonis- 
Philippe  proffered  him  the  cross  of  the  Legion  of 
Honour,  but,  the  regulations  of  the  service  not 
allowing  him  to  accept  it,  he  received  instead  a 
pair  of  valuable  pistols,  with  an  appropriate  in- 
scription. When  inspecting  Commander  of  the 
Coast  Guard  at  Dundalk  in  1846,  he  a^^dn  ren- 
dered assistance  to  a  shipwrecked  vessel,  the  Lord 
Nelson,  for  which  service  the  owners,  Messrs. 
Horsfall,  presented  him  with  a  silver  box  of  beau- 
tiful workmanship. 

At  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  aged  55,  Walter 
Clab^'orthy,  R.N.  paymaster  and  purser  of  H.  M. 
ship  Castor.  He  had  been  for  26  years  connected 
wiUi  the  packet  establishment  at  Falmouth. 

AprU  16.  At  Walton,  near  Brampton,  Cumber- 
land, aged  38,  Mr.  Armstrong,  of  Sorbie  Trees, 
farmer.  He  was  unfortunately  shot  by  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Smith,  incumbent  of  Walton,  who  imagined 
he  was  a  burglar  about  to  break  open  his  house. 

April  17.  At  Lisbon,  Lieut.-Colonel  Hugh  Hay 
Rose,  of  the  Portuguese  service.  He  entered  the 
British  army  in  July  1804;  was  present  at  the 
battles  of  Corunna,  Busaco,  Albuhera,  Vittoria, 
PjTcnees,  Nivelle,  Nive,  Orthes,  and  Toulouse, 
and  received  the  war  medal  with  nine  clasps.  He 
was  appointed  to  a  company  in  the  British  Army 
in  1814,  and  placed  on  half  pay  in  1816. 

AprU  18.  At  Barellly,  Mi^or  Kenneth  Camp- 
bell, 45tli  Bengal  N.  Inf.  He  was  appointed  a 
cadet  1821,  Capt.  1832,  M^jor  1846,  and  was  deputy 
paymaster  of  the  Lahore  circle. 

April  21 .  Aged  22,  Charles-Thomas,  son  of  the 
Hon.  Charles  Thomas  Clifford,  of  Imham  hall, 
Line,  and  nephew  to  Lord  Clifford. 

At  St.  Helena,  Alexander-Murray  Coventiy.  of 
H.  M.  ship  Wolverine,  son  of  Thomas  WiUiam 
Coventry,  esq.  and  both  by  his  fiither's  and 
mother's  side  great-grandson  of  the  sixth  Earl  of 
Coventry. 

At  Chelsea,  aged  60,  the  wife  of  Capt.  J.  W. 
Guy,  Indian  Navy. 

Aged  51,  Mr.  Thomas  Haswell,  governor  of  the 
City  gaol,  Chester. 

April  23.  At  Hill  Hall,  Staff,  aged  73,  Thomas 
Cartwright,  esq.  a  magistrate  of  the  county.  He 
acquired  his  fortune  at  Langton  in  the  Potteries, 
where  he  was  extensively  engaged  in  flint-grind- 
ing and  in  preparing  other  potters'  materials.  He 
served  Sheriff  of  Staffordshh-e  in  1841.  He  haa 
left  one  son,  Henry  Cartwright,  esq.  and  two  mar- 
ried daughters. 

April  24.  Aged  16,  Charles-Lloyd,  eldest  son  of 
C.  L.  Browning,  esq.  of  Grove  House,  Harbome, 
Staff. 

At  Walcot,  Shropshire,  aged  79,  Edward  Hum- 
phreys, esq. 

April  26.  AtHoveton  house,  Norfolk,  aged  6, 
Francis-Grose,  youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  T.  J.  BIo- 
feld.  Rector  of  Drayton,  and  great-grandson  of 
Capt.  Francis  Grose,  the  celebrated  antiquary. 

At  Grove  house,  Knutsford,  in  her  70th  year. 
Emma,  widow  of  Thomas  Wm.  Tatton,  esq.  of 
Withenshaw,  Cheshire.  She  was  the  dan.  of  the 
Hon.  John  Grey  (thhrd  son  of  the  4th  Earl  of 
Stamford  and  Warrington),  by  Susannah,  dan.  of 
John  Leycester,  esq.  of  Toft ;  she  was  married  in 
1807  and  left  a  widow  in  1827,  having  had  issue 
the  present  Mr.  Tatton  and  seven  daughters. 

April  30.  At  Malta,  Capt.  Thomas  Owen  Knox, 
R.N.  commanding  the  Firebrand  steam  flrigate. 
He  entered  the  service  1816,  and  was  made  Lieut. 
1824  into  the  Spartiate  76,  the  flag-ship  of  Sir 
Geo.  Eyre  in  South  America.  He  served  in  vari- 
ous other  ships  until  March,  1835;  was  made 
Commander  in  Feb.  1836,  was  made  Second-Capt. 
of  the  Minden  72  in  that  year,  and  of  the  Rodney 
92  in  1840,  both  ships  in  the  Mediterranean,  and 
attained  post  rank  1842. 

In  Regent-st.  Catherhie-Eli7.abeth-CaroIine,>«ifu 
of  Commander  John  Heron  Gcnn}^},  of  U.M.  ship 
Fantome,  and  only  dan.  of  Rear-Adm.  Arthur,  C.B. 

2  F 


die 


Obituary. 


CA«g. 


Af  Handsworth,  aged  83,  Bfary-Jane,  wife  of  the 
Ber.  Joshua  OreaTes,  MA.  ineambent  of  St. 
Peter's,  Birmingham. 

At  Ridnnont,  Lane.  Agnes-Margaret,  relict  of 
Lient.-Coi.  Wetenhall. 

May  1.  Mary-Catliarine,  only  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Calthorpe  Blofeld,  of  Horeton  honse, 
Norfolk,  and  grand-dau.  of  Capt.  Francis  Grose, 
F.S.A.  the  celebrated  antiquary. 

At  Stonehouse,  John  London,  esq.  purser  R.N., 
late  Sec.  to  Sir  R.  Stopford  in  the  Mediterranean. 

May  2.  At  the  residence  of  her  father  Dr. 
Hutcheson,  Henrietta-Elizabeth,  wife  of  Bfajor 
Sidney  Powell,  57th  regt. 

At  Southampton,  aged  33,  Ass.  Surgeon  Charles 
Toung,  R.  Art. 

May  3.  At  Dover,  Lient.-Col.  John  Campbell, 
on  the  retired  full  pay  of  the  97th  regt.  He  en- 
tered the  8er>ice  in  1803,  and  sen-ed  with  the 
57th  in  the  battles  of  Vlttoria,  Pyrenees,  Nivelle, 
and  Nive,  for  which  he  received  the  war  medal 
•viitv  four  clasps. 

May  4.  At  King's  college,  Old  Aberdeen,  after 
a  short  but  severe  illness,  John  Tulloch,  esq. 
LL.D.  for  many  years  Professor  of  Mathematics  in 
that  university. 

At  Candy,  Ceylon,  aged  25,  George  Henry 
Freckleton,  esq.  late  of  Liverpool,  youngest  son 
of  Geo.  Freckleton,  esq.  M.D.  of  Cluunfrrove  House, 
near  Cheltenham. 

May  7.  At  Paris,  aged  56,  David  Tumbull,  esq. 
of  Her  MiOesty's  Mixed  Commission,  Jamaica. 

May^.  At  Ballinasloc,  aged  76,  Major  Alex. 
At  Freer,  late  of  the  25th  regt. 

At  Cheltenham,  Susannah  Mary,  wife  of  Capt. 
J.  S.  Iredell,  E.  1.  Co's.  service. 

May  10.  Colonel  Alexander  FIndlay,  K.H. 
Lleut.-Col.  h.  p.  R.  Aflrlcan  corps,  and  Fort  M^or 
at  Fort  George,  Inverness.  He  entered  the  service 
in  the  ranks,  and  was  pre.<(ent  at  the  battle  of 
Maida  in  1806,  for  which  he  received  the  war 
medal.  He  was  a  serJeant  of  the  78th  at  the 
battle  of  Merxera,  and  for  his  gallant  conduct  in 
that  action  received  his  first  commiuion  in  the 
2d  W.  India  regt.  In  1814.  He  continued  to  serve 
with  that  corps  until  1824,  when  he  was  trans- 
^rred  to  a  company  in  the  R.  African  corps,  and 
In  which  he  became  Major  in  1826.  He  was  for 
■oroe  years  Governor  of  Sierra  Leone,  and  received 
the  local  rank  of  Colonel  on  the  West  Coast  of 
Africa  in  1830.  In  Feb.  1847  he  received  the  staff 
appointment  which  he  held  at  his  death. 

In  Blotcomb-st.  age<l  25,  Lanrentia  Trent,  elder 
dan.  of  tlielate  Rev.  Edw.  Carlton  Cumberbatch. 

May  12.  At  Hursterpoint,  Sussex,  aged  32, 
Wm.-Francis,eldest  surviving  son  of  Henry  Pitches 
Boyce,  esq.  and  the  late  Lady  Amelia  Sophia  Boycc. 

MayM.  At  Eign  House,  near  Hereford,  aged 
64,  Comm.  JameM  Harvey  Price,  R.N.  He  was 
the  younffest  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Charles  Papps 
Price,  R.N.  (wlio  died  in  1813),  and  brother  to  the 
late  Capt.  George  Price,  R.N.  who  died  in  1833, 
and  the  present  Lieut.  George  Price,  R.N.  He 
entered  the  service  in  1795  in  the  Badger  8,  com- 
manded by  Yiis  father,  and  served  on  rull  pay  for 
18  years.  In  1805  he  was  flag-Lieut,  to  Adm. 
Knight,  in  the  Queen  98,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
«nd  saw  much  active  service  in  the  Beagle  and 
Persian,  a  full  detail  of  which  Is  given  in  O'Bymc's 
Royal  Naval  Biography.  He  accepted  the  rank  of 
retinxl  Commander  1838. 

Aged  05,  Edward  Clough  Taylor,  esq.  of  Kirk- 
ham  Abbey,  formerly  of  Trinity  college.  Cam- 
fcriUgc,  B.A.  1807,  MA.  1814. 

At  Bristow,  Norfolk,  aged  7»,  Susanna,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Godfrey  Bird,  Rector  of  Little  Waltham. 
In  Euston  pi.  aged  40,  Mary,  widow  of  J.  Bow- 
•tead,  esq.  E.  I.  C  medical  service. 

May  15.  In  Jersey,  Lieut.-Colonel  James  l^n- 
clalr,  RA.  He  entered  the  service  in  1804.  In 
Ift07  he  accompanied  the  expedition  to  Zeeland, 
afterwarda  that  to  Portugal,  and  was  present  at 
tht  battle  of  Corunna.  He  served  with  the  expe- 
dition to  the  Scheldt  In  1809.    From  1811  to  1814 


he  served  in  the  Peniaaola,  aod  «»s  preMit- At 
Badijoz,  ViUa  Muriel, 'Salamanca,  \lttaAh**l£ 
the  Pyrenees,  the  passage  of  theBidaflioa,  IMw 
and  Nive,  Bayonne,  and  in  various  mtnor  aUHft. 
He  also  served  the  campaign  of  18 15,  aasd  wagTit 
Waterloo.  He  had  received  the  war  medal  WMh 
seven  clasps,  and  was  on  retired  ftill  pay. 

May  16.  At  York-terrace,  Regent's  Park,  affid 
69,  Charles  Shillito,  M.D.  formerly  of  the  Wlkt 
Essex  Militia,  and  late  of  Putney. 

May  17.  At  Crawford's  Bum,  Ireland,  aged  86, 
F.  S.  Crawford,  esq.  fourth  son  of  Wm.  Shanmm 
Crawford,  esq.  M.P.  for  Roehdale.  He  was  a  mMt 
benevolent  and  extenslre  employer. 

Aged  68,  Dr.  Edw.  Clark  Baker,  of  Walcot-tarr. 

May  18.  At  Lennoxrille,  Canada,  in  his  TOth 
year,  Lieut.-Col.  William  Morris,  late  of  the  971ii 
Foot.  He  entered  the  army  in  1794,  and  after  a 
service  of  forty  years  retired  tn  1835,  since  wMdi 
time  he  has  been  Senior  Officer  of  Militia  aAd 
Justice  of  the  Peace  in  the  district  of  LennoxriOe. 

At  Tottenham,  aged  80,  John  Beadnell,  esq. 

May  19.  From  a  railway  coUiaion  near  tho 
Clay  Cross  Station,  John  Mejrnell,  esq.  of  Tapten- 
grove,  near  Chesterfield,  one  of  the  maglatiratM 
for  the  county  of  Derby,  and  Mr.  J(An  Blake,  of 
the  firm  of  Blake  and  Parkin,  manufftctmrav, 
Sheffield. 

Aged  89,  Georgina,  wife  of  James  Anderson,  etq. 
lessee  of  the  Theatre  Royal,  Dnuy  Lane. 

May  21 .  At  Worthing,  aged  46,  George  Btngley, 
esq.  B.A.  (1831),  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  Robert  Binglejf',  esq.  «f 
the  Royal  Mint  and  Higham  Lodge,  Essex. 

May  24.  At  Brighton,  l^  Jumping  trmti  the 
Black  Rock  Cliff,  at  Kemp  Town,  Major  William 
Wynn,  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Company's  Servtee. 

May  25.  Aged  58,  Christopher  Flood,  esq.  of 
Clarendon-place,  Maida-hill,  for  many  years  Teatry 
clerk  of  St.  Marylebone. 

May  26.  Thomas  Frederick  Cole,  esq.  solicitor, 
of  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight.  He  died  tnyta  the  con- 
sequences of  the  ill  treatment  he  received  during 
the  recent  election  for  the  island.  A  man  was 
charged  i^lth  manslaughter ;  but  on  trial  (which 
took  place  July  23)  was  acquitted,  Mr.  Cole's 
death  being  attributed  to  nervous  alarm  actti^ 
upon  a  diseased  heart.  A  public  subscripttOD 
ha.s  been  raised  for  his  widow  and  fomily. 

At  Trumpington,  near  Cambridge,  Ebeneaer 
Forster,  es<i.  of  Anstey  hall,  a  magistrate  for  the 
county  and  town  of  Cambridge.  He  had  long  oc- 
cupied a  very  prominent  position  in  local  aflUrs ; 
was  for  some  time  a  member  of  the  town  council, 
filled  the  office  of  chief  magistrate,  and  was  sheriff 
fbr  the  counties  of  Cambridge  and  Huntingdon  the 
year  before  last.  He  was  a  dissenter,  and  a  liberal 
in  politics. 

MayTI.  Aged  98,  Cornelius  M*Loghlin,  eaq. 
for  many  years,  and  until  a  recent  period,  an  activo 
partaker  in  the  political  movements  of  Ireland. 

At  Bayswater,  William  James  Orr,  civfl  en- 
gineer, son  of  the  late  James  Alexander  Orr,  of 
■Landmore,  co.  Londonderry. 

May  28.  At  Kensington,  aged  62,  Mr.  DatM 
Charles  Read,  late  of  the  Cloee,  Salisbury,  where  be 
was  resident  for  many  years  as  a  drawing-master. 
Hifl  etchinf^s,  of  which  he  produc«l  a  large  niun- 
bcr,  are  highly  esteemed  by  connoisseurs.     He 

E resented  a  perfect  set  to  the  print-room  of  tfto 
iritish  Mujieum.  A  specimen  was  published  fn  Hm 
folio  History  of  Salisbury,  part  of  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare^ 
Modem  Wiltshire. 

At  Dublin,  Catherine,  wifis  of  Major  T.  H.  Tidy, 
14th  Reg.  dau.  of  Licut.-(3en.  Malater,  Colonel  of 
the  86th  Reg. 

In  Russell -pi.  Fitzroy-aquare,  Mary,  wife  of 
CJeorge  Francis  Travers,  esq.  Madras  Civil  Serrlee. 

May  29.  At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  in  his  Ttod 
year,  John  Last  Thompson,  R.N.  of  Cheltenham. 
He  entered  the  lervice  In  1804,  and  served  for 
nine  years  on  foil  pay.  In  1809,  when  master  of 
the  Blonde  42,  he  lost  his  right  arm  and  -was 
seriously  injured  In  the  side,  wben  enttlnf  out  a 


1^1.] 


Obituary. 


soa 


prtyateer  at  Oaadaloape.  He  received  in  conae- 
qtcttfce  1501.  from  the  Fatrtotic  Society,  and  was 
aaaigoed  a  pension  of  9W.  St.  He  -was  made  Lleat. 
ISIO;  and  flrom  I81S  to  1814  commanded  the 
8l)pial  station  at  Gonton,  near  Lowestoft. 

At  Catrine  honse,  Ayrshire,  aged  66,  Colonel 
Matthew  Stewart,  son  of  the  late  D.  Stewart,  esq. 
He  entered  the  Royal  Engineers  1804,  and  was  a 
Ueut-Colonel  on  tlie  half-pay  of  the  Portusraese 
service ;  was  placed  on  the  lULif-pay  of  the  British 
service  in  1824,  and  attained  the  brevet  rank  of 
Colonel  1837. 

M<»^  30.  At  St.  Mellons,  Monmonthshire,  asred 
70,  Mrs.  Margaret  Williams,  relict  of  the  late  Wm. 
Williams,  esq.  of  Lanedame,  and  eldest  daughter 
of  tiie  late  Wm.  Llewellin,  esq.  of  Cefnmably  and 
Lanedame,  co.  Glamorgan. 

Latdy.  At  Rio,  in  command  of  the  Rifleman, 
aged  38,  Lient.  John  Powell  Branch,  R.N.  ^tecond 
son  of  the  late  Capt.  A.  B.  Branch,  K.H.  He 
entered  the  service  in  1826,  was  made  Lieut.  1841, 
and  had  passed  nearly  all  his  time  on  fall  pay. 

Drowned  when  bathing  at  Maldon,  Mr.  Otter 
Holter,  a  yonng  Norwegian. 

At  her  residence,  near  Athlone,  accidentally 
burned  to  death,  Mrs.  Dnndas,  wife  of  Capt. 
Dandas,  agent  to  Lord  Castlemaine. 

June  2.  In  Dublin,  John  Caillard  Erck,  esq. 
LL.D.  one  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners  for 
Ireland. 

Jutu  3.  At  Wereham,  aged  63,  Amelia  Sarah, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  Houghton  Spencer,  late  incum- 
bent of  Crimplesham,  Norf. 

At  Nantes,  in  her  80th  3rear,  Maria  Christina, 
widow  of  James  Tobin,  esq.  and  last  surviving 
dau.  of  Thomas  Gorman,  esq.  of  New  Broad-st. 

June  5.  WhQe  on  a  visit  to  his  cousin,  Mr.  Mill 
of  Portmoon,  aged  21,  Mr.  Robert  Stupart,  son 
of  3fajor  Stupart,  of  Edinburgh,  formerly  of  the 
Scots  Greys.  He  was  killed  by  falling  from  the 
rocks  whilst  collecting  sea-gulls'  eggs. 

JttneQ.  Mr.  WlDiam  Henry  Kerr,  bookseller, 
Duke-st.  Manchester-sq. 

June  7.  At  Brussels,  aged  65,  Robert  Hedger, 
esq.  a  magistrate  and  Deputy-Lieut,  of  co.  Surrey, 
many  years  chairman  of  the  Adjourned  Sessions. 

Aged  24,  Rebecca,  eldest  dau.  of  Louis  Lucas, 
esq.  of  Hjrde  Park-gardens. 

At  Blackheath,  aged  12,  Elizabeth  Mary,  eldest 
surviving  dau.  of  Walter  Stericker,  esq.;  also, 
on  the  8th,  aged  79,  3frB.  Stericker,  of  Scarbo- 
rough, her  grandmother. 

At  Coed  Helen,  near  Cama^^'on,  Trevor, 
seventh  dau.  of  the  late  Rice  Thomas,  esq. 

June  8.  At  the  Grove,  Walton-on-Thames,  the 
residence  of  her  brother-in-law,  Sarah,  relict  of 
Walter  Barratt,  esq.  of  Brighton. 

Aged  82,  Capt.  Robert  Cook,  of  the  R.  Hosp. 
Kilinainhara,  formerly  of  the  20th  Foot,  and  R. 
Newfoundland  Fencibles. 

At  Leamington,  Margaret-Elizabeth,  eldest  dau. 
of  John  Dalrymple,  esq.  M.P.  for  co.  Wlgton. 

At  Rathmin&<9,  DubUn,  Isabella,  i^ife  of  Henri 
Christopher  EiflTe,  esq. 

At  Worksop,  William  Glossop,  esq.  merchant,  of 
Hull,  and  also  of  the  firm  of  W.  and  R.  Glossop, 
brewers,  Hull. 

At  the  house  of  her  brother-in-law,  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Henderson,  Highbury,  aged  73,  Mrs.  Sarah  Ken- 
nion,  of  Reading. 

At  Baj-swater.aged  34,  Anne,  the  wife  of  Thomas 
Lechmere  Marriott,  esq. 

At  Glasgow,  aged  66,  Duncan  Menzics,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Dr.  Miller,  F.R.C.S.  Edinb. 

At  the  house  of  A.  Leiargatt,  esq.  Ebury-st. 
Pimlico,  aged  79,  John  Parkinson,  esq.  . 

Aged  17,  Katherine-Juliana,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Ute  Rev.  R.  Cope  Wolfe,  Vicar  of  Braithwell. 

Jwu 9.  At  Brighton,  aged  12,  Harriet,  dau.  of 
the  latw  Rev.  Henry  Chaplin,  of  Ryhall,  Rutland. 

At  Bamsbury  Park,  aged  20,  Eliza,  third  dau. 
of  Uent.  George  Courtney  Greenway,  R.N. 

fo  I4imtton,  Liverpool,  John  Paisley  Dirom, 
onlf  ton  of  Dr.  Ro«  Jameton,  forgvon  91st  K«gt. 


James,  eldest  son  of  the  late  John  Mansfltid, 
esq.  of  Digswell  House*  Herts,  and  Qrosv«Bor««t. 

At  Sutton,  near  Honnslow,  Jane,  wi4ow  of  Lt> 
Gen.  Charles  Neville,  R.  Art. 

At  the  Grange,  near  Honiton,  aged  74,  M.  Pr»> 
vo^t  Plctet,  ancien  Conseiller  d'Etat  of  the  B*i^ 
public  of  Geneva.  ;    • 

Mary , wife  of  Steph .  Smith ,  esq .  of  Robertsbrldge. 

June  10.  At  the  residence  of  his  brotlierf  CbM* 
sington  Hall,  Surrey,  Josiah  Greene,  esq.  of  Lynn. 

At  Bristol,  Ann,  widow  of  John  Harding,  esq.  * 
member  of  the  Society  of  Friends. 

At  North-end,  Fulham,  Miss  Elizabeth  Honti 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Hunt,  esq. 

At  Herne-hill,  aged  62,  Richard  Hotham  Pigeon, 
esq.  late  treasurer  of  Christ's  Hospital. 

At  Bristol,  aged  20,  Alicia-Connor  Ryland, 
granddan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Ryland,  of  Bristol. 

At  Blunts  Hall,  near  Haverhill,  Suffblk,  aged 
53,  Lydia,  wife  of  Thomas  Bennet  Sturgeon,  «iq. 
of  Sherfleld  House,  Grays,  Essex. 

At  Bridlington  Quay,  aged  69,  George  Walmsley, 
esq.  late  of  Bempton,  near  that  place,  many  years 
a  famous  agriculturist. 

At  Edinburgh,  Councillor  W.  Wright.  He  was 
liberal  in  his  politics,  and  a  Dissenter,  and  was  re» 
turned  at  the  la^it  municipal  election  as  one  of  Uie 
representatives  of  the  Sec(»nd  Ward. 

June  11.  At  Tetton,  near  Taunton,  aged  88, 
Mary,  wife  of  Thomas  Dyke  Acland,  esq.  eklest 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  Dyke  Acland,  Bart,  of  Killerton, 
and  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Charles  Mordaunt,  Bart. 

James  George  Boucher,  sen.  esq.  of  Shidflc^d, 
near  Wickham,  Hampshire. 

At  Craven-hill,  Bayswater,  aged  20,  Charles- 
Falconer,  second  son  of  D.  R.  Clarke,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  62,  Jas.  Holbrook,  esq. 
surgeon  R.N. 

At  Portsea,  after  living  61  years  in  one  house, 
aged  86,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Stephen  Slbly,  esq. 

At  Blarket  liarborough,  aged  86,  Mrs.  Shuttle- 
worth,  widow  of  Dr.  Shuttleworth. 

At  Newcastlc-on-Tyne,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Edw. 
P.  Thompson,  esq.  of  Dover. 

June  12.  At  Gringley-on-the-Hill,  aged  68, 
Robert  Corringham,  esq.  of  Misterton,  Notts. 

At  Upton-place,  Essex,  aged  47,  WilliaQi  Mat- 
thew Catterton,  esq. 

In  Connaught-sq.  Elizabeth,  third  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  John  Fawcett,  of  Newton  Hall,  Durlumi. 

At  Exeter,  aged  75,  Charlotte,  wife  of  John 
Geare,  esq.  solicitor. 

In  Great  Suffolk-st.  Southwark,  aged  51,  Mr. 
George  Hawkins,  for  many  years  a  singer  at  con- 
certs in  and  around  the  metropolis.  He  destroyed 
himself  by  nearly  severing  his  head  from  the  body. 

At  Southampton ,  aged  49,  Lady  Johnston ,  widow 
of  Lieut.-Gcn.  Sir  William  Johnston,  K.C.B. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  Samuel 
Bryant,  esq.  surgeon.  Park-row,  aged  57,  Martha, 
wife  of  Cabot  Kyuaston,  esq.  of  Caldy  Island, 
Pembrokeshire. 

In  Wyndham-st.  aged  70,  Miss  Teresa  Maria 
Molincox. 

In  Grove-terr.  St.  John's-wood,  aged  76,  Cr8w<« 
ford  Mollison,  esq. 

Very  suddenly,  aged  69,  Mrs.  Palmer,  of  Bret- 
tenham,  near  Thetford. 

At  Olney,  aged  83,  Miss  Sarah  Smith.  She  was 
a  member  of  the  Society  of  Friends.  In  1819,  in 
conjunction  with  her  sinter,  she  erected  and  en- 
dowed almshouses  at  Olney  for  twelve  women,  and 
she  ha:(  since  establinhed  and  supported  a  boys* 
school  at  the  same  place. 

At  Vichy,  France,  aged  4 1 ,  George  Tennant,  esq. 
barrister.  He  was  calle<l  to  the  bar  at  the  Middle 
Temple,  Jan.  13,  1849. 

In  Park-st.  Grosvenor-sq.  aged  68.  Frederick 
Read  Orme  Villebois,  esq.  of  Benham  Park,  Berkik 

June  13.  At  Brompton,  suddenly,  Mrs.  Chiurke 
Beloe,  second  wife  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Beloe,  trans- 
lator of  Herodotus.  She  was  the  daogbttr  of 
George  Pochin,  esq.  of  Newport,  Essex,  and  ww 
married  in  1907. 


220 


Obituary. 


[Aug. 


At  Hackney,  Sarah,  wife  of  Felix  Giles,  esq.  and 
dan.  of  W.  Dealtry  Jackson,  esq. 

At  Edmonton,  aged  80,  Ck>l.  William  Gravatt, 
Royal  Eng.  He  entered  the  service  in  1792,  be- 
came First  Lieut,  in  1793,  Captain  in  1799,  Lieat.- 
Gol.  in  1811,  and  Colonel  in  1821. 

At  Ladbroke-villas,  Notting-hill,  aged  81,  Na- 
thaniel Hinchliff,  esq. 

In  Fitzroy-sq.  aged  71,  Mrs.  Howard. 

D.  M*Rae,  esq.  of  Rochester. 

Aged  50,  Hannah,  wife  of  Francis  Nixon,  esq. 
solidtor,  of  Exeter. 

In  Brunswick-sq.  aged  90,  Thomas  Phillips, 
esq.  late  Member  of  the  Medical  board  of  Bengal, 
Founder  of  the  Llandovery  School,  likewise  of 
several  scholarships  in  St.  David's  college,  Lampe- 
ter, to  which  college  he  has  for  many  years  past 
been  a  munificent  benefiictor. 

At  Brussels,  aged  87,  Graliam- Vernon,  eldest 
son  of  Capt.  George  Pigot,  R.N.,  C.B. 

At  Winsley .Wilts,  Frances,  wife  of  W.  Stone,  esq. 

In  Burton-st.  Eaton-sq.  Maria,  third  dau.  of  the 
late  Richard  Trew,  esq.  of  Bridport. 

At  the  residence  of  Ids  son,  Heningford-villas, 
Islington,  aged  72,  Jonah  Wilson,  esq.  late  of 
Huntingdon,  where  his  memory  will  be  held  in 
grateful  esteem,  for  excellency  of  character  and 
abilities  in  the  medical  profession. 

June  14.  At  Theescombe,  Glouc.  aged  75,  Anne, 
relict  of  Nathaniel  Clarkson,  esq. 

At  Bath,  Anna-Maria,  widow  of  Major  Conolly, 
and  sister  to  Sir  Compton  Domvile,  Bart. 

At  Wingham,  aged  75,  John  Dadds,  esq. 

At  Buckland,  Dover,  aged  26,  Anne,  only  dau. 
of  the  late  Wm.  Alex.  Dunning,  esq.  of  Maidstone. 

At  Lightbume  House,  Baldwin,  second  son  of 
Wni.  Gale,  esq.  of  Bordsey  Hall,  Lane. 

Aged  37,  William-Matthew,  only  son  of  W. 
Grainger,  esq.  of  New  Brentford. 

At  Moor  House,  near  Torrington,  the  residence 
of  G.  Braglnton,  esq.  aged  53,  Maria,  relict  of  K.  H. 
Hawkins,  esq.  solicitor,  Torrington. 

At  Peterborough,  aged  74,  Charles  Jacob,  esq. 

At  Southoe  Rectory,  Hunts,  aged  65,  Richard 
Moorsom,  esq.  late  of  Airy  Hill,  near  Whitby, 
Deputy-Lieut,  for  the  north  riding  of  Yorkshire, 
and  for  above  thirty  years  a  magistrate  for  tlie 
same  division,  and  one  of  the  trustee  of  the  har- 
bour of  Whitby.  On  tlie  passing  of  the  Reform 
Bill  he  was  a  candidate  for  the  repre.<«entatlon  of 
that  town.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  highly  culti- 
vated mind  and  engaging  manners,  and  a  liberal 
Ariend  to  literary  and  sclentiflc  institutions. 

At  Leytonstone,  aged  58,  Euuna,  relict  of  Geo. 
Nicholls,  esq.  of  IndSi. 

At  South  Barrow,  Som.  aged  82,  William  Gid- 
ney  PhUUps,  esq.  hist  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  John  Phillips,  Rector  of  Alford. 

Aged  50,  Geoive  Wni.  Veasey,  esq.  of  Islington. 

June  15.    At  Windsor,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Buckhind. 

In  Circus-road,  St.  John's-wood,  aged  56,  Tho- 
mas Curry,  esq. 

At  Yoxfonl,  Suffolk,  aged  21,  Robert- Fcaron, 
only  son  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Femiin,  Vicar. 

At  Guernsey,  Mr.  Jas.  Holdsworth  Greenhalgh, 
son  of  James  Greenlialgh,  esq.  of  London. 

At  Bexley,  Kent,  aged  85,  William  Harding, esq. 
formerly  chief  accountant  in  the  Transport-oflSce. 

In  Deiui's-yard,  Westminster,  much  respected, 
aged  62,  William  Hawes,  esq.  first  clerk  in  the 
Private  Bill  Office.  He  was  for  upwanls  of  40 
years  an  officer  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

At  Rowley,  Staff,  aged  70,  George  Keen,  esq. 

At  the  re.'fidence  of  her  brother  Mr.  Charles 
Swaishind,  Craj-ford,  Kent,  .Sophia,  relict  of  Wm. 
Thomson,  M.D. 

From  the  effects  of  an  accident  a  few  weeks 
previous,  aged  69,  William  \Mieeler,  esq.  of  Salis- 
bury. 

In  London,  Susan  Neville  Wyatt,  eldest  dau.  of 
John  Wyatt,  esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  and  of 
Harpendcn,  llerts. 

June  IG.  At  Tottenliam-green,  aged  21,  "YfiU 
liam,  !«econtl  son  of  the  late  John  Dinsdale,  esq. 


At  Tempellow,  near  Liakeard,  aged  S2,  Jobn, 
eldest  son  of  John  Grigg,  esq. 

At  Richmond,  Yorkshhre,  aged  38,  Hdena-Mary, 
relict  of  Peter  Constable  Maxwell,  esq.  She  was 
the  eldest  dau.  of  John  Peter  Bruno  Bowdon,  esq. 
of  Southgate,  co.  Derby,  and  was  left  a  widow  on 
the  27th  Feb.  last. 

At  Cambridge-heath,  near  London,  aged  67, 
Thomas  S.  Peckstone,  esq.  R.N.  author  of  several 
sclentiflc  and  other  works. 

At  Southampton,  aged  60,  Mr.  Radley,  late  of 
Radley's  Hotel,  Bridge-«t.  BlackfHars. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Eliza,  second  dan.  of  the 
late  James  Remnant,  esq. 

At  Southam,  Warw.  aged  47,  Fannv-Charlotte, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Wm.  C.  Wilson,  Vlevt 
of  Prior's  Hardwick. 

June  17.  In  Bloomsbury-sq.  aged  62,  Mrs.  Peggy 
Addison,  niece  of  Robert  Addison,  esq.  of  Cross 
Rigg  HaU,  WestmerUnd. 

At  Doncaster,  Eliza,  the  only  dau.  of  Capt. 
Cooke,  late  9th  Lancers. 

At  Ockley,  Surrey,  aged  72,  Arthur  Dendy,  esq. 

In  Sloane-st.  aged  79,  Eliza,  relict  of  Lieut.-Col. 
Robert  Ellis,  25th  Light  Dragoons. 

At  Notting-hill,  aged  68,  John  Green,  esq.  late 
of  Soho-sq. 

At  Zeals  Manor  House,  Wilts,  aged  70,  Chafln 
Grove,  esq. 

Aged  57,  Joseph  Harris,  esq.  late  of  Lombard-^. 

June  18.  At  Portslade,  Sussex,  aged  77,  John 
Blaker,  esq.  sen.  of  Lewes. 

At  Kensington,  aged  16,  Charlotte-Emily,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Hon.  Judge  Des  Barres,  of  Newfound- 
land. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  aged  14,  Emma,  younger 
dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Dixon,  esq.  of  Chancery « 
lane,  Barrister-at-Law. 

Anne,  only  dau.  of  Joseph  Hague  Everett,  esq. 
of  Biddeston,  WUts. 

At  Clifton,  suddenly,  aged  44,  John  Harding, 
esq.  of  Henbury-hill. 

Aged  29,  Mr.  John  James  Irving,  a  teacher  of 
hmguages.  He  was  found  with  his  throat  cut. 
Verdict— Temporary  Insanity. 

At  Scarborough,  at  an  advanced  age,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  Collingwood  Forster  Jackson,  esq.  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne. 

At  Newport  Pagnel,  aged  87,  James  Millar,  esq. 

At  Margate,  Mary,  wtfs  of  William  Scott,  esq. 
Secretary  to  tlie  ^gis  Assurance  Company,  and 
late  of  Cowley  House,  Oxon. 

At  the  house  of  her  nephew,  Notting-hill,  aged 
82,  Mrs.  Matilda  Eleanor  Archer  Smy£. 

At  Battersea,  at  the  house  of  her  son-in-law, 
aged  95,  Rebecca,  relict  of  J.  Willmott,  esq. 

June  19.  At  Mrs.  Shakespear's,  Brompton-cres. 
aged  80,  Mrs.  Susan  Buck. 

At  tlie  Manor  house,  Ogboume  St.  George, 
Emily-Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  Samuel  Canning,  esq. 

Aged  53,  Anna,  wife  of  (ieorge  Berkeley  Har- 
rison, esq.  of  Gloucester-gardens,  Hyde  Park. 

In  Upper-street  Islington,  in  the  same  house 
wliere  he  resided  for  half  a  centur>',  most  highly 
respected  as  a  general  practitioner  in  medicine, 
aged  77,  John  Jeafftreson,  esq.  For  many  yean 
Mr.  Jeaffk-eson  was  in  partnership  with  the  late 
Christopher  Armstrong,  esq.  of  Tindal-plaoe. 
In  1805,  Mr.  JeafTreson  married  Miss  Furrance 
(who  died  a  ffew  >-cars  since)  by  whom  he  bad  five 
sons  and  se\en  lUugliters;  all  of  whom  survive 
him,  and  whom  he  had  the  happiness  of  seeing 
weU-establlslied  in  life.  1.  Mr.  John  Jeaffreson, 
his  father's  partner  and  successor  In  business ; 
2.  Henry  Jeaftyesou,  MJ).  a  talented  physician 
in  Finsbury  .Square ;  3.  Rev.  Babington  Jeaffh;- 
son  ;  4.  Alfred,  secretary  to  the  Lunatic  A^lnm, 
Coney  Hatch ;  5.  Edward.  His  eldest  dau^ter 
is  married  to  her  cousin,  Mr.  C.  JeafAreson  ;  his 
2nd.  to  Mr.  Burnett;  Srd.  to  Mr.  Oothwaite; 
4tli.  to  Mr.  Wormald,  a  partner  in  Child's  bank ; 
5th.  to  Mr.  Brewer ;  6th.  to  Mr.  Brewer ;  7th.  to 
Mr.  Jackson,  in  partnership  with  his  brotlier-Jn» 
law,  Mr.  John  Jeainreson. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


221 


William  ICaole,  esq.  of  Ashfleld,  Midhant,  late 
an  eminent  auriat,  resident  in  Savile-row. 

At  Clifton,  aged  51,  Wniiam  Tritton,  esq.  of 
Wiington,  Somerset. 

Jtme  30.  On  his  passage  flrom  the  lale  of  Man, 
aged  23,  John- Wilkes,  son  of  Thomas  Adkin,  esq. 
and  grandson  of  John  Jones,  esq.  of  Wood-hall, 
Snflblk. 

At  Tnnbridge-weUs,  aged  59,  Helen-Graham, 
third  dan.  of  the  late  George  Brown,  esq.  of 
Rnssell-fiq. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brother-in-law,  Harley- 
st.  aged  38,  Robert,  only  surviving  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  William  Borford,  D.D.  Vicar  of  Magdalen 
Laver,  Essex. 

At  Highgate,  near  Birmingham,  Mr.  Galium, 
vainer  and  auctioneer  of  the  Court  of  Bankruptcy. 
Being  apprehended  on  a  charge  of  forgery  upon  Sir 
George  Chetwynd,  Bart,  of  Grendon  Hall,  to  the 
amount  of  70(W.,  he  asked  permission  to  take  leave 
of  his  wife,  and  while  in  the  act  of  embracing  her, 
he  contrived  to  draw  tecum  his  pocket  a  phial  con- 
taining pmssic  acid,  and  swallow  the  contents, 
which  instantly  deprived  him  of  life.  Verdict, 
"  Insanity." 

At  Stapleton-bridge,  aged  61,  Thomas  Capen- 
hurst,  esq. 

In  Stamford-st.  aged  73,  Mary-Ann,  widow  of 
John  Deacon,  esq.  Marshal  of  the  Admiralty. 

At  Vicar's  Cross,  near  Chester,  aged  .'^0,  George 
FoIIiott,  esq. 

Aged  62,  Jane-Tylney,  relict  of  J.  Wayman, 
esq.  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's. 

JuM%\..  At  Margate,  aged  21,  John-Bettison, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  J.  T.  Boswell,  esq.  of  that 
place. 

Aged  67,  Miss  Selina  Doyle,  sister  of  tlie  late  Sir 
Francis  Hastings  Doyle. 

Aged  35,  Charles  P.  Ford,  eldest  son  of  Capt.  J. 
Ford,  of  the  Royal  Hospital,  Chelsea. 

Aged  52,  Wm.  B.  Gwyn,  esq.  of  Pilroath,  Car- 
marthenshire, and  a  magistrate  for  the  county. 
He  was  trying  to  enter  an  outhouse  on  horseback 
when  he  struck  his  head  against  the  lintel  of  the 
door  and  fractured  his  spinal  bone. 

At  Chelmsford,  aged  80,  Miss  King,  third  dau. 
of  the  late  Robert  King,  esq.  of  Springfield. 

At  Aberglasney,  Carmarthenshire,  Mary- Ann, 
wife  of  J.  P.  Pryce,  esq.  Bwlchbychan,  Cardigansh. 

In  Higher  Broughton,  aged  23,  Mr.  John  White- 
head, of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  late  of 
Bolton-le-Moors. 

At  Southsea,  aged  58,  Mary,  wife  of  Charles 
Winkworth,  esq.  Comptroller  of  H.  M.  Customs, 
Portsmouth. 

June  22.  In  Upper  Gloucester-st.  Dorset-sq. 
Henrietta,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  John  Boustcad, 
esq.  late  of  the  Ceylon  Rifle  Reg. 

At  Femhill,  Torquay,  aged  81,  Townshend 
Monckton  Hall,  esq. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brother-in-law  W.  H. 
Butler,  esq.  Kenilworth,  aged  31,  Charles  Evered 
Poole,  late  of  the  1st  Royals,  fourth  son  of  Robert 
Poole,  esq.  of  Southam,  Warwickshire. 

At  Clifton,  aged  19,  Frances-Eliza,  eldest  dau. 
of  Robert  Stratton,  esq.  Wellsbridge-house,  Glou- 
cestershire. 

At  Islington,  aged  78,  Mr.  George  Watkinson, 
for  48  years  clerk  in  the  Bank  of  England. 

In  Southampton-row,  Russell-sq.  aged  8 1 ,  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  John  Jacob  Zomlin,  esq.  of  Clap- 
ham-terrace. 

June  23.  At  Beverley,  Walter-W.-Wingfleld, 
son  of  William  Ditmas,  esq. 

Edward  Burley  Clayton,  esq.  surgeon,  second 
tion  of  James  Clayton,  esq.  of  Percy-st.  Bedford-sq. 
He  was  on  horseback  in  Park-lane,  when  a  cab 
ran  against  him  and  caused  such  severe  injuries 
that  he  died  in  great  agony. 

At  Sussex-square,  Hyde  Park-gardens,  aged  43, 
Henry  Uawarden  Fazakerley,  esq.  of  Gillibrand 
Hall,  in  Chorley,  near  Wigan,  and  Fazakerley 
House,  near  Liverpool.  Tliis  gentleman's  original 
name  was  CHllebrand,  and  be  some  years  since 


assumed  the  name  of  Fazakerley  on  becoming 
possessed  of  the  Fazakerley  estate  near  Liverpool. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  Somerset,  aged  58,  Ri- 
chard Forster,  esq.  of  Bathwick-hill,  Bath. 

In  Jersey,  aged  32,  Georgiana-Augnsta,  widow 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Mackenzie  Eraser.  She  was  the  dau. 
of  the  late  Right  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Bagot,  O.C.B. 
by  Lady  Mary  Wellesley-Pole,  dau.  of  William 
third  Earl  of  Momington,  and  niece  to  the  Duke 
of  Wellington.    She  was  married  in  Sept.  1848. 

At  the  residence  of  her  brother  Cecil  Parsons, 
esq.  Presteign,  Miss  Charlotte  Parsons,  of  Chel- 
tenham, youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  W.  Par- 
sons, Vicar  of  "Wellington. 

In  Radnor-place,  aged  78,  Samuel  Stansfield 
Prime,  esq. 

At  Ballingcarr,  near  New  Galloway,  William 
Grierson  Yorstoun,  esq.  of  Garroch. 

At  Presteign,  Miss  Charlotte  Parsons,  of  Chel- 
tenham, youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  W. 
Parsons,  Vicar  of  Wellington. 

June  24.  Aged  73,  mu.  Wallis  Bray,  esq.  of 
Grove-park,  Stratton,  Cornwall. 

At  the  house  of  his  son,  Artillery-pl.  Finsbury- 
square,  aged  75,  John  Courtenay,  esq. 

At  Laverstock,  aged  59,  Mrs.  John  Cowie. 

At  Edinburgh,  liUry-Elizabeth,  widow  of  Capt. 
Alexander  Gordon,  R.N.  and  only  surviving  child 
of  the  late  Sir  Ernest  Gordon,  Bart,  of  Park. 

At  Kilbum,  aged  21,  Jemima-Sophia,  youngest 
daughter  of  N.  K.  Mayo,  esq. 

At  Oakeley,  Salop,  aged  45,  William  (^tkeley, 
of  Oakeley,  esq.  He  was  the  eldest  son  and  heir 
of  the  Rev.  Herbert  Oakeley,  Rector  of  Lydham, 
and  Preb.  of  Worcester,  by  Catherina,  dau.  of 
Wm.  Bolland,  esq.  of  Clapham.  He  married  in 
1834  Alicia-Mary,  dau.  of  General  Shr  Evan  Lloyd, 
esq.  of  Femey  Hall,  but  had  no  issue. 

At  Bognor,  Mary-AmeUa,  youngest  child  of  the 
Rev.  F.  G.  Rawlins,  Rector  of  Leaden  Roding. 

At  Bath,  aged  81,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Thomas 
Rodie,  esq.  Clayton-sq.  Liverpool. 

Aged  45,  Francis  Tebbutt,  esq.  late  of  the  firm 
of  Keen,  Tebbutt,  and  Rippin,  warehousemen, 
Wood-st.  Cheapside. 

At  Haxby,  aged  68,  Hannah,  relict  of  Francis 
Theakstone,  esq.  of  Fulford  Cottage,  near  York. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  James  Duncan  Thom- 
son, esq.  of  Bayswater,  late  of  Sunny  Bank,  Bre- 
conshire,  and  a-magistrate  for  that  county. 

At  Thickthom,  Kenilworth,  ^d  70,  John 
Wilkinson,  esq.  late  of  Ridgwood,  Qiorley,  Lane. 

June  25.  At  Southampton,  aged  91,  Mrs.  Sophia 
Barlow,  dau.  of  the  late  Mi^jor-General  Barlow, 
Col.  of  the  6l8t  Regt.  and  sister  to  the  late  Lieut.- 
Gen.  Barlow,  for  many  years  Lieut.-Col.  com- 
manding the  same  Regt. 

At  Kingsteignton,  Devon,  aged  32,  George 
Beagin,  esq.  late  of  tlie  Stock  Exchange,  and  Nor- 
wood, Surrey. 

At  the  Diocesan  School,  Lincoln,  aged  38,  Al- 
fred Carpenter,  M.A.  second  master  of  that  insti- 
tution. 

At  St.  Ives,  Cornwall,  aged  70,  Mary,  relict  of 
James  Halse,  esq. 

At  Redland,  Bristol,  aged  86,  Rich.  Lambert,  esq. 

At  Dover,  Eliza,  wife  of  George  Prickett,  esq. 
Verdict  '*  That  the  deceased  was  poisoned  by  inad- 
vertently taking  a  liniment  containing  morphine." 

At  Plumstead-hall,  Norfolk,  aged  80,  Susannah 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Worth,  esq. 

Junt  26.  At  Selby,  aged  70,  Mrs.  Hannah  Arun- 
del, sister  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Arundel,  secretary 
of  tiie  London  Missionary  Society. 

At  Walton,  Suff.  in  the  prime  of  life,  William 
Dodds,  esq.  late  of  Fordton  House,  Devon. 

At  Sligo,  Lieut.  Thomas  Hamilton  (1825),  of 
the  Coast  Guard  Station. 

Aged  80,  William  Jones,  esq.  Rockhampton- 
lodge,  Glohc. 

At  Great  Malvern,  aged  53,  Charles  Marten, 
esq.  of  Plaistow,  Essex. 

At  Edinburgh,  Jane,  relict  of  GUbert  Micbell, 
esq.  E.I.C.  Service. 


fm 


Objtua&t. 


MChMhwakj  ag«d  85.  WiUiam  Fontifdx,  eati. 

Am«37.  At  SlMirBfold  Park,  Sussex,  Mary- 
Katharine,  daa.  of  the  Hon.  Parcgr  A^bornham. 

At  Epptag,  the  wife  of  Thomas  Boycott^  esq. 
EtIvC.S.  formerly  of  Exeter. 

And  28,  Robert  Edwards,  esq.  youngest  son  of 
tba late  Richard  Edwards,  esq.  late  of  Weybridge. 

M  Neufchatel,  aged  18,  Henry,  eldest  son  of 
tke.lato  Andrew  Grote,  esq.  fiengal  Civil  Service. 

At  Rodbaston,  Staffordshire,  tlte  wife  of  Charles 
j^Uand,  esq.  M.D.,  F.R.S.  of  Rodbaston  Hall, 
^Vfltordshire,  and  eldest  daughter  of  Joseph  Bax- 
eodale,  esq.  of  Park  VilUfce,  Regent's  Park. 

At  Mitcham-green,  aged  68,  Isaac  Lawrence,  esq. 

Al  the  residence  of  her  father  J.  Sothem,  esq. 
Aigburth,  near  Liverpool,  aged  26,  Augusta,  wife 
of:Jai]iea  Rickarfay,  esq. 

At  Ctiilbolton  Rectory,  Hants,  the  residence  of 
h«  8on«in-law,  aged  80,  Abry-Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Oeorge  Sidney,  esq.  formerly  of  Kensington. 

At  Ravenscroft,  Cheshire,  Frances-Anne,  widow 
of  Col.  Thomas  Francis  Wade,  C.B. 

At  Little  Bowden,  Leic.  aged  20,  Henrietta- 
Mary,  dan.  of  the  late  John  West,  esq. 

At  Shortlands,  Beckenham,  Rachael,  wife  of 
William  Arthur  Wilkinson,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  Capt.  Keith  Young,  late  of  the  Rifle 
Brigade. 

June  28.  At  Devonshire^at.  Portland-pl.  aged 
Mt  Rupert  John  Cochrane,  esq. 

Aged  40,  Ellen-Jane,  wife  of  George  Savage 
CufUs,  esq.  of  Teignmouth. 

At  Cauldwell  Priory,  near  Bedford,  Charlotte- 
Anne,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Slmttleworth 
Qrimshawe,  A.M.  late  Rector  of  Burton  Latimer, 
Itorthamptonahire,  and  Vicar  of  Biddcnham,  Beds. 
wko  died  huit  year,  and  of  whom  a  memoir  was 
given  in  our  A^azine  for  May  1851. 

At  Brighton,  Anna-Maria,  wife  of  C.  P.  Meyer, 
esq. 

At  Woolwich,  aged  69,  Benjambi  Pidcock,  esq. 
late  of  Her  Majesty's  Dockyard. 

Jum29.  Robert  Alexander  Bannerman,  esq. 
of  Standen  House,  Wilts.  Uite  of  Madras  Civil 
Service. 

At  Dublin,  aged  79,  Mi^or-Gen.  Robert  Henry 
Birdi,  Royal  Artillery. 

At  Eaton-sq.  aged  57,  Chas.  Andrew  Bredel,  esq. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  G.  C.  Searle, 
esq.  Islington,  aged  63,  Caroline,  widow  of  James 
Campbell,  esq.  Assistant  Sec.  Gen.Post  Office. 

Aged  71.  Elizabeth,  relict  of  William  Curgenven, 
•tq.  ol  Plymouth. 

At  St.  John's-wood,  Ann-Elizabeth,  eldest  dau. 
of  John  HorsfeU,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  60,  Samuel  Lloyd,  esq. 

At  Camberwell,  agetl  66,  Humphrey  William 
Baveoflcroft,  Judge.H*  wigmaker,  of  Scarle-st  Ltn- 
eoln's-inn,  wliere  that  business  lias  been  in  hiA 
femily  for  upwards  of  a  century. 

Horatio  Wood,  ttiird  son  of  the  Very  Rev.  the 
Dean  of  Middleham. 

June  30.  At  the  house  of  her  Hon  J.  L.  Bennet, 
esq.  Merton,  Surrey,  Sarah-Jane,  relict  of  Thomas 
Bennett,  esq.  late  of  Merton  and  Dorking. 

At  Wantage,  aged  73,  Thomas  Brown,  esq. 

Robert  Bruce,  esq.  Sheriff  of  Arnrll. 

At  Walworth,  the  wife  of  Mr.  ThomaH  Miller, 
author  of  "  Country  Scenes,"  fcc. 

At  Stoke  Newington;  aged  60,  Geo.  Ringer,  esq. 

At  Lewisham,  a^  78,  Sarah,  relict  of  Alexander 
Bofwland,  esq. 

At  Caoonbury  villas,  Islington,  aged  70,  Lucy- 
Tulloch,  youngest  dau.  of  the  Ute  Mr.  John  Samp- 
ton,  of  Exeter,  and  great-niece  of  the  late  Shr 
Nathaniel  Thorold,  Bart. 

Of  apoplexy,  having  only  Just  returned  from 
Sierra  Leone,  aged  A2,  Major  Edward  Charles 
Soden,  2nd  West  India  Regiment. 

In  John-st.  Bedford-row,  aged  91,  Susannah, 
wUow  of  J.  M.  Thomson,  esq. 

James  Eldridge  We-tt,  esq.  of  Tunbridge,  Kent, 
ity-Umat.  tor  the  ooun^. 

f.  At  Swanaea,  John  Bayley,eiq.  formerly 


of  Kensington,  and  for  many  years  an  aatt?B  oAmt 
in  the  Legacy  Ofltoe,  Someriet  Honuti^ '  '    . 

At  the  residence  of  hia  mother.  Doter,  agbd  tf . 
G.  B.  Divers,  esq.  H.C.M.  sur^ndg  his  yOttUgJM, 
sister  two  months.  ' 

In  the  ship  Sovereign,  lost  on  her  passsge  tn/fik 
Nova  Scotia,  aged  23,  Henry  Fisher,  esq.  38Ui  RitgK 
son  of  Comm.  John  Fisher,  R.N. 

At  Paris,  aged  76,  Martha-Henrietta,  widoir  Of 
James  Hennessy,  sen.  esq.  of  Cognac. 

Mr.  William  Loder,  the  violoncellist,  for  maxtj. 
years  one  of  the  Philharmonic  and  Opera  hand^ 

On  board  H.M.  steamer  AJax,  on  her  passage  ID 
Cork,  in  his  42d  year.  First  Lient.  John  Bettt 
Massie,  R.N.  (1838).  He  was  brother  to  C^pt.  % 
L.  Maude,  R.N.  He  entered  the  service  I8S3  off 
board  the  Queen  Charlotte  100;  and  had  8«t«4. 
nearly  all  his  time  on  full  pay. 

Dr.  John  Murray,  well  known  as  a  lecturer  ta 
Yorkshire  and  the  neighbouring  counties.  Dr. 
Murray  was  an  enthusiastic  disciple  of  sdenM. 
which  he  laboured  to  make  subservient  to  the 
good  of  his  fellow-men  and  the  interests  of  re- 
ligion. This  was  manifested  in  his  eloquent  work 
"  On  the  Truth  of  Revelation,**  as  well  as  in  hllT 
contrivances  for  the  saving  of  life  in  shipwrecks, 
for  the  prevention  of  explosions  in  mines,  for  the 
detection  of  poisons,  and  the  healing  of  disease. 
As  an  experimenter  he  was  very  able,  and  Us 
apparatus  was  extensive  and  beautiAil. 

Aged  39,  liobert  Thom,  esq.  late  Her  MiOesty's 
consul  at  Ningpo,  China.  He  was  the  youngest 
son  of  an  enterprising  merchant  in  Glasgow ;  and, 
after  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years  in  the  ofBtiB 
of  Messrs.  J.  and  G.  Campbell,  of  Liverpool,  he 
viHited  La  Guayra,  Mexico,  &c.  and  Anally  settled 
in  China,  where  his  admirable  translations  of  that 
language,  and  his  public  labours,  rendered  hia 
name  so  honoured  and  respected  that  her  Mi^estr 
testified  her  approbation  by  appointing  him  constu. 

Aged  90,  William  Shepherd,  esq.  late  of  Wilton- 
crescent,  and  formerly  of  Temple-bar. 

Julff  1.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  14,  Blanche- 
Agncs-Loch,  only  dau.  of  the  late  M^ior  D.  Barn- 
field,  who  fell  at  Chillianwallah  when  m  command 
of  the  56th  Bengal  N.I. 

At  Sutton  Court  Lodge,  Chiswick,  Middlesex, 
aged  81,  William  Churton,  esq. 

At  Bamsley,  Elizabeth- Ann,  relict  of  Jonas 
Clarke,  esq.  only  dau.  and  heiress  of  Joseph  Qace, 
esq.  of  Reasby  Hall,  Line,  by  Anne,  only  child  and 
heiress  of  Theophllus  Smith,  enq.  of  Wyham. 

In  Cambridge-terr.  Regent's  Park,  Margaret, 
wife  of  James  Combe,  esq. 

At  Norton,  near  Stockton-on-Tees,  Prudentia- 
Ann,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John  H(^, 
esq.  of  Norton  House. 

At  Brompton,  London,  John  Mynn,  esq.  late  of 
Ashbumham  House,  Chelsea,  and  second  son  of 
the  late  William  Mynn,  esq.  of  Swlsden,  Goud- 
hurst. 

At  Brookside,  Crawley,  Sussex,  Anna-Elizabeth, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  George  Bethune  Norman. 

At  Bath,  Mi^or  Samuel  Hood  Wheler  Richards, 
late  of  tlie  6th  Dragoon  Guards. 

Juljf  2.  At  BouTogne-sur-Mer,  aged  68,  Lewis 
Charriera,  esq. 

At  Bayswatcr,  aged  55,  Thomas  Deane,  esq. 
surgeon,  of  Oxford-street. 

At  Ewell,  Maria,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Ellis,  esq.  of  Dalston. 

Fred.  (Jrilbertson,  esq.  surgeon,  of  Egham-hfll. 

At  Peterborough,  aged  80,  the  re&t  of  Edw. 
Jenkins,  esq. 

At  the  rectorj ,  Codford  St.  Peter,  aged  61,  Eliza- 
beth, relict  of  W.  King,  esq.  banker,  Warminster. 

At  Chesham,  aged  75,  Thomas  Nash,  esq. 

At  Fifield  House,  WUts,  Uetttia,  dau.  of  the  late 
Charles  Pcnruddocke,  esq.  M.P.  for  Wilts,  and 
Kister  to  the  late  J.  H.  Penmddocke,  esq.  M.P. 

At  Combury  Park,  Oxon,  aged  87,  the  Hon. 
Henry  George  Spencer,  flftti  son  of  the  late  LcMrd 
Churchill. 

Mif  S.    At  l^enslDgton,  aged  m,  Jeta-HewWi, 


1851.] 


OBPftJARY. 


223 


relict  of  Cflpt.  Bright,^  .Wool»dch,  and  dan.  of 
the  Ute  Rev.  Jamea  CoflBn,  Vicar  of  L4nkinbome. 

At  Lewisham,  aged  09,  Ann,  relict  of  John 
Carttar,  eaq.  of  Greenwich. 

At  Rockbeare,  aged  61,  Mary,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
John  Elliott. 

In  London,  lCary->Ann-Sidmonth,  only  dan.  of 
WUliam  John  Forster,  esq.  of  Tynemonth. 

At  the  RadclifTe  Infirmary,  Oxford,  Mr.  Charles 
Harris,  an  ingenious  maker  and  repairer  of  violins 
■nd  violoncellos.  His  was  a  lifie  of  strange  vicis- 
sitades.  In  1826,  he  resided  at  Adderbnry,  maSo- 
teined  in  illness  by  the  parish  of  Woodstock ;  in 
1877,  the  death  of  John  Marten  Watson,  esq.  made 
Harris  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Steeple  Aston,  and 
possesaoor  of  land  and  houses  there  to  the  amount 
of  200/.  per  annum,  and  in  1835  the  rector  of  that 
parish  selected  him  to  be  his  churchwarden. 
About  that  time  Harris  was  persuaded  to  obtain  a 
private  Act  of  Parliament  to  enable  him  to  sell  the 
estate  he  possessed  for  his  life,  and  to  purchase 
another  elsewhere,  upon  the  figment  that  his 
land  was  in  a  locality  that  enhanced  its  price  be- 
yond the  proper  marketable  value,  and  that  such 
marketable  value  Uone  was  all  the  next  heir 
ought  to  have.  Legal  difilcaltles  and  technicali- 
ties grew  and  multiplied  upon  him,  and  when  at 
last  one  estate  wasr  finally  exchanged  for  another, 
Harris  vns  aO' inmate  .of  a  debtors'  prison. 

At  "^00,  near  Berkeley,  aged  83,  H.  Jenner, 
H.D.  third  son  of  the  late  Rev.  H.  Jenner,  of 
Bturtwge,  Wnts,  and  nephew  of  the  celebrated  Dr. 
Jenner,  the  discoverer  of  vaccination. 

At  Ramsgate,  aged  60,  Louis  Lucas,  esq.  of 
Hyde  Park-gardens. 


At  BMrtisgs,^e«edJA,  Ajviitft-i]aiie,'wife  of  the 
Rev.  ntyd  NichoU  (eldest  son  of  ntyd  Nicholl,  esq. 
of  the  Ham,  Otamot^^anshire),  and  daughter  of 
William  Nicholl,  M.D.  by  his  wife  Augnata,  daiq;h- 
ter  of  the  Rev.Utyd  Nicholl.'D.D.  offfie  Hain. 

At  Southlands,  I.  W.,  Elixa,  wife  of  Bev.  Ed' 
ward  Ryder,  Rector  of  Oaksey,  Wilts. 

At  Roolcwoods,  Sible  Hedingham,  Esaex^  agid 
79,  William  Seymour,  esq. 

At  Brampton,  aged  67,  Colonel  Edmund  Ri- 
chard Story.  He  entered  the  army  in  1803, 
served  in  the  Peninsula  with  the  3d  Dragi^ 
Guards,  from  Aug.  1809,  to  the  end  of  the  war  in 
1814,  and  was  present  at  the  battles  of  Buaaco, 
Roelinha,  Gampo  Mayor,  Los  Santos,  and  Albuera ; 
also,  the  action  of  Usagre,  the  rieges  of  Cindad 
Rodrigo  and  Badajoz,  the  battles  of  Salamanoa, 
Vittoria,  Toulouse,  and  siege  of  Pampelnna.  He 
was  placed  on  the  unattached  list  in  1888. 

Jiillf  4.  At  Kensington  Palace,  aged  74,  John 
Townsend  Alton,  esq. 

At  Teignmouth,  aged  63,  Henry  Fisher  Bidgood, 
esq.  of  Rockbeare  Court. 

Aged  60,  Rachel,  widow  of  Nehemiah  Duck, 
surgeon,  of  Bristol,  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Friends. 

At  the  residence  of  the  Rev.  John  Robinson, 
Uxbridge,  WUliam  Eteson,  esq.  of  Knaresborongh. 

At  Norwood,  Surrey,  Anna,  youngest  dan.  of 
Thomas  Geoghegan,  esq.  of  Dublin. 

Aged  60,  Mrs.  Sarah  Gregory,  of  Newii^gton,  re- 
Hct  of  Thomas  Gregory,  architect,  of  Lancaster-'pl. 
Strand. 

Marianne,  wife  of  Thomas  Harle,  esq.  M.D.  of 
Salford,  and  formerly  of  York. 


TABLE  OP  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar 'GeneraL) 


I 

Deaths  Registered                                    j 

1 

a1 

Week 

ending 

ji 

Birt] 

Registe 

Saturday, 

Under 

15  to 

60  and     Age  not  ;  Total.  | 

Males. 

Females. 

28  . 

15. 

60. 

upwards,  specified. 

1 
182             2          1032 

June 

496 

1 
352  1 

!                 1 
519           513     1 

1439 

July 

5  .       436 

368 

197             2       {  1003 

534           469 

1530 

»» 

12  .        441 

274  , 

157             7           879 

435           444 

1346 

»» 

19  .  '     430 

! 

271  ' 

i 

172           —           873 

1             1 

425           448     1 

1407 

AVERAG 

E  PRICE  OF  CORN,  July  25. 

Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

rcn* 

s,  d. 

s,    d. 

s,    d. 

#.    d. 

s,    d. 

s,    d. 

42 

7 

25    6 

21  11 

28    2 

31     5 

28    6 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  July  28. 

The  reports  from  Kent  and  Sussex  continue  most  unfavourable.    The  ^^rcester 
accounts  also  hare  not  been  so  farourable  during  the  past  week. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITttFIELD,  July  28. 
Hay,  3/.  5a.  to  4/.  5a.— Straw,  1/.  bs.  to  1/.  10«.— Clover,  3/.  5c.  to  4d,  V2s, 
SMITHFIELD,  July  28.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81ba. 


Beef 2s.  ^d.  to  3«.    8^. 

Mutton 2s.  6rf.  to3*.  10^. 

Veal 2s.  6d.  to  3s.    6rf. 

Pork 2s.  Gd.toSs.    8rf. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  July  28. 

Beasts 3930   Calves  218 

Sheep andLambs  33,090   Pigs      410 


COAL  MARKET,  July  25. 

Wall^Endfl,  i*e.  \9s.  3il.  to  15#.  9d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  12«.  Od.  to  IBs.  9d. 

TALLOW,  per  owt.— Town  Tallow,  39a.  6d.     Yellow  Roisia,  39«.  6d. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY,  Strako. 
TVoM  JiMt  26,  iB  July  25, 1861 ,  both  meluthe. 


Rihr. 

nhe 

•«n 

hfrm 

Fahrenhei 

11 

1 

1^ 

B 

Wcachsr. 

Mil 

Jnnr 

o 

n.pti* 

Julj;    • 

7H 

30,  25 

ei 

TV 

71 

K!* 

73 

77 

58        ,  18  !|do. 

rl 

H5 

;«i 

77 

61   '      ,12    do.  cloudy 

6?l 

,1.1 

70 

<i7 

61    29,  98    cy.hj.r.thdr. 

57 

:i 

fl7 

ft) 

.W 

:4 

.^7 

fi;j 

55    30,01  "do.  fair 

M 

Wi 

.W 

(W 

IM 

fil    I 

.'. 

M 

fiii 

56  ■     ,  04    do.  fine 

m 

6S  1 

fi 

til 

fl<) 

57        ,07    fin! 

fi 

7 

li\ 

71 

59        ,  07    do. 

w 

6;<  ■ 

H 

IHt 

(Hi 

55  .29,66  lldo.cd..  hy.r. 

2:t 

.w  . 

« 

.SH 

(ifi 

55  1      .77   'Mr.  cdj.  nia 

.SM 

10 

(jl 

63 

.69 

heavy  run 

2i> 

57 

si 

1 

1 

'    V/eathfi. 

55 ,  fle 

60 

in.  pfs.^' 

fl« 

7.^. 

W» 

29,  06  1  fine 

Wl 

75 

fill 

,  91  1  do.  cidj.  rain 

H,i 

.ifi 

,  e:l   do.  du.  do. 

6?l 

m 

.Mi 

,  73  i  do.  do.  do. 

•SH 

.79   do. 

58  '  6,5 

.■>+ 

,  m   floudc  fair 

56      60 

.1.1 

,07 

fair,  cloud; 

61   I  60 

.W 

,93 

65  1  70 

.w 

,Ti 

65  '  7S 

60 

.97 

do. 

63  ;  72 

,V1 

,87 

59  .  65 

111 

.71 

gonst.rn.cldT. 
do.do.ddj.A. 

58     Gl 

,W 

,48 

57 

"" 

56 

.51 

.fair,  cloudj. 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 

'1    STTr^!       r" 


Jill  II II 


i 

— 

ZI^ 

i 

"1 

; 

97 

; 

'I* 

"t 

I 

?;* 

97 

^ 

»( 

?S^l 

96) 

%J 

9b|   ' 

««J 

98*   7|i 
9«1   7|   - 


S9  .'-.(i  pm.!  49 

;59.'>6pin.'  46 

lOrj' 1   57  pm.  19 


9B|,   7i    - 

98!i  n  ;- 

9flJ 

98i    7i 
98J    71 

99      7j 


-262   60  63  pm, 

-! [60  63pra. 

GO  62  pm. 


61  59  pm, 

-263  162  59  pm, 
-'26:li;   63  poi, 

-' 59  62  pm. 

-  263      62  pm. 

. '263   (>lS9pm. 

96J  106J 6-1  pm, 

: ' 59  S2  pm. 

,107^:263  ;li961pm. 

9?  I ]2GUaB62pni. 


50  53  pm, 

51  50  pm. 
50  53  pm. 
50  S3  pm. 

54  51  pr 

49  52  pm. 

49  52  pm. 

52  49  pm. 


J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chamben,  Angel  Court,. 

Tbrogmorton  Straet,  LpndoD. 

.S  AND  SON,  rmiNTBRS.  2S,  PklLlAHINT  inWIT. 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

SEPTEMBER,  1851. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Minor  Ck>RRESPONDBNCB.—" Decayed  Gentlewoman"  mentioned  by  Dr.  Johnson- 
Memorials  of  the  Chattertons— of  the  Porters— Earl  of  Essex's  Expedition  Lady 
Caroline  Herrey— Mrs.  Oldfield  236 

Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hobart  ?     Chapters  I.  and  II 227 

Palgrave's  History  of  Normandy  and  England 234 

Petition  against  the  return  of  Gascoigne  the  Poet  to  Parliament 241 

The  Nature  of  the  Municipal  Franchises  of  the  Middle  Ages :  illustrated  by 

Documents  from  the  Archives  of  Leicester 244 

Ulrich  von  Hutten    249 

Original  Papers  about  William  Penn  :  contributed  by  Hepworth  Dixon 257 

Edward  Bickerstetb ; ,  . .     261 

Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art  :  by  J.  G,  Waller. — The 

Symbols  of  the  Four  Evangelists  (with  Engravingt) 268 

Breydenbach's  Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land  {with  two  Plates) 275 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— News  from  Heidelberg  (The  English 
Garden  and  other  Relics  of  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia— Olympia  Morata— The  double 
church- Papal  activity— State  of  the  vines,  and  general  aspect  of  the  country) — 
Mr.  Roche's  comments  on  the  communication  in  our  last  Magazine  of  Bossuet's 
Letter  on  the  Death  of  Henrietta  Duchess  of  Orleans— Reply  of  the  Communicator 
of  the  same— Historical  Questions  relating  to  persons  ana  events  of  the  eleventh 
century— Notes  upon  Nicotina— Suggested  Society  for  Improvement  of  the  English 
Language 28S 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Meeting  of  the  Scientific  Congress  of  France— Archaeological 
Association  at  Derby — Catalogue  of  Mr.  Roach  Smith's  Museum— Proposed  appli- 
cation of  the  Crystal  Palace— Bust  of  Charles  Buller— Recent  discoveries  m  Assynan 
History  by  Col.  Rawlinson— Diary  of  Edmund  Bohun— Vaudey  Abbey— Prospects 
of  the  Publishing  Season— Notices  of  miscellaneous  Works 292 

MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Willmott's  Pleasures,  Objects,  and  Advantages  of 
Literature— Hamerton's  Observations  on  Heraldry,  295 ;  The  English  in  America, 
by  Sam  Slick— C.  R.  Smith's  Notes  on  the  Antiquities  of  Treves,  Mayence,  Wies- 
baden, Niederbieber,  Bonn,  and  Colog^ie 297 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. -Meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  at  Bristol, 

and  Visit  to  WeUs 298 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  806;  Foreign  News,  809; 

Domestic  Occurrences 310 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  312 ;  Births,  313 ;  Marriages  314 

OBITUARY :  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Cbarleville ;  Sir  Charles  Bannerman,  Bart. ; 
Sir  David  Scott,  Bart. ;  General  Sir  Roger  H.  Sheaffe,  Bart. ;  Sir  Edward  Stracey, 
Bart. ;  Admiral  the  Hon.  Sir  John  Talbot ;  General  Eden ;  Admiral  Cochet ;  Vice- 
Adm.  Browne;  Miyor-Gen.  L.  C.  Russell;  Rear-Adm.  Lillicrap;  Sir  Francis  Simp- 
kinson,Q.C. :  F.J.N.  Rogers,  Esq.  Q.C. ;  Rev.  John  Lingard,  D.D. ;  Joseph  Roger- 
son,  Esq. ;  Thomas  Wright  Hill,  Esq.  j  Mrs.  Harriet  Lee ;  Mr.  Pio  Ciancnettinr..8I7— 827 

Clergy  Dbcbasbo    • 327 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order   328 

Registrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  385  ;  Meteoro- 
logical Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks  336 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gknt. 


226 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mb.  Urban, — la  Dr.  Johnson's  ad- 
mirable letter  of  advice  "  To  a  Young 
Clergyman,"  dated  Aug.  30,  1780,  there 
occurs  the  following  passage : — "  The  Dean 
of  Carlisle  (Dr.  Percy),  who  was  then 
a  little  rector  in  Northamptonshire,  told 
me,  that  it  might  be  discovered  whether 
or  no  there  was  a  clergyman  resident  in  a 
parish,  by  the  civil  or  savage  manner  of 
the  people.  Such  a  congregation  as  yours 
stands  in  need  of  much  reformation  :  and 
I  would  not  have  you  think  it  impossible 
to  reform  them.  A  very  tavage  pariah 
was  civilized  by  a  decayed  gentlewoman 
who  came  among  them  to  teach  a  petty 
school.**  Can  any  of  your  readers  give 
me  information  as  to  the  parish  and  gentle- 
woman alluded  to  in  the  passage  which  is 
printed  in  italics  ?  Such  a  person  ought 
not  to  slip  away  unremembered. 

Yours,  &c.  D. 

Mr.  Urban, — In  the  churchyard  of 
St.  Mary  Redcliffe,  Bristol,  are  the  fol- 
lowing almost  obliterated  inscriptions 
TO  THE  memory  of  the  father,  mother, 
sister,  brother-in-law,  and  niece  Of  the 
unfortunate  Chatterton.  Are  they 
not  worthy  of  preservation  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine  ? — Yours,  &c.         W. 

In  memory  of  Thos.  Chatterton,  schoolmas- 
ter, who  died  7  Augst.  1753,  ared  89  years. 

Also  Thos.  Newton,  son-in-law  of  the  above, 
who  died  29  Septr.  1785,  ared  40  years. 

Also  two  of  his  sons  and  one  daur. 

Also  Sarah  Chatterton,  widow  of  the  above 
Thos.  Chatterton,  who  died  25  Deer.  1791,  aged 
60  years. 

Also  Mary  Newton,  widow  of  the  above 
Thos.  Newton,  who  died  23  Febry.  1804,  aged 
53  years. 

Also  Mary-Ann  Newton,  who  died  7  Sepr. 
1807,  aged  24  years. 

A  Correspondent  sends  us  the  fol- 
lowing copies  of  inscriptions  on  the  tomb- 
stones of  the  mother  and  father  of 
Jane  Porter,  and  of  the  rest  of  that  dis- 
tinguished family.  He  states  that  he  has 
derived  the  latter  inscription  from  a  me- 
moir of  Jane  Porter  in  the  Art  Union 
Journal,  the  writer  of  which  it  will  be 
seen  is  mistaken  in  terming  the  father 
of  the  family  "  Major  **  Porter.  Our  cor- 
respondent adds,  that  he  should  be  obliged 
for  any  information  respecting  the  origin 
of  this  family,  or  respecting  the  Russian 
nobleman  or  gentleman  who  married  the 
only  child  of  Sir  Robert  Ker  Porter. 

In  the  churchyard  of  St.  Oswald's  in 
the  city  of  Durham — 

"  To  the  memory  of  William  Porter, 
who  was  surgeon  33  years  to  the  Innis- 
killing  Regiment  of  Dragoons,  and  de- 
parted this  life  the  8th  of  September,  1779, 
in  the  45th  year  of  his  age. 


''  He  was  a  tender  husband,  a  kind 
father,  and  a  faithful  friend." 

In  Esher  churchyard — 

'*  Here  sleeps  in  Jesus  a  Christian 
Widow,  Jane  Porter,  obiit  18th  June, 
1831,  setat.  86.  The  beloved  mother  of  W. 
Porter,  M.D.,  of  Sir  Robert  Ker  Porter, 
and  of  Jane  and  Anna  Maria  Porter,  who 
mourn  in  hope,  humbly  trusting  to  be 
born  again  with  her  unto  the  blessed  king- 
dom of  their  Lord  and  Saviour. — Respect 
her  grave,  for  she  ministered  to  the  poor !  ^* 

Mr.  Urban, — The  celebrated  Earl  of 
Essex  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  time  left  Lon- 
don in  March,  1599,  in  command  of  a 
great  Expedition  into  Ireland,  ac- 
companied by  a  numerous  train  of  nobility, 
gentry,  and  other  retainers ;  is  the  mutter 
roll  made  upon  that  occasion  known  to  be 
in  existence  ?  Reference  to  any  documents, 
bills,  letters,  &c.  relating  to  that  expedi- 
tion would  be  esteemed  a  favour,  the  ob- 
ject being  to  ascertain  whether  any  person 
of  the  name  of  *^  Jackson ''  can  be  traced 
in  connection  with  that  expedition.--^. 

M.  W.  inquires  if  we  can  tell  him 
"  who  may  be  the  writer  of  certain  letters 
dated  from  1762  to  1768  in  my  possession, 
full  of  life  and  brilliancy,  signed  *  Caro- 
line Hervet.'  She  was  evidently  a 
person  of  family  and  education,  bat  there 
are  no  personal  allusions  which  identify 
her.''  It  is  impossible  to  answer  such  a 
question  with  any  certainty  without  seeing 
the  letters  and  instituting  many  further 
inquiries.  But  the  writer  may  potsibly 
be  Lady  Caroline  Hervey,  fourth  daughter 
of  John  Lord  Hervey,  eldest  son  of  the 
first  Earl  of  Bristol.  Her  mother  was 
Mary  Lepel,  the  Lady  Hervey,  a  collection 
of  whose  letters  was  published,  with  notes 
by  Mr.  Croker,  8vo.  Lond.  1821.  Lady 
Hervey  was  a  celebrated  wit  and  beauty, 
the  admired  of  Pope  and  Chesterfield,  and 
the  subject  of  some  complimentary  English 
lines  by  Voltaire.  Of  her  daughter  Cairo- 
line,  Churchill  says — 

That  face,  that  form,  that  dignity,  that  ease. 
Those  powers  of  pleasing  with  that  will  to 

please, 
By  which  Lkpel,  when  in  her  youtbfiil  days, 
E'en  from  the  currish  Pope  extorted  praise, 
We  see,  transmitted,  in  her  daughter  shine, 
And  view  a  new  Lepel  in  CAROLiirE. 

We  should  be  very  much  obliged  to  our 
correspondent  if  he  would  transmit  us  any 
letters  that  may  possibly  have  been  written 
by  this  lady. 

S.  P.  would  feel  obliged  for  any  infor- 
mation respecting  the  parentage  of  Mrs. 
Oldfiild,  the  celebrated  actms. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


Aia> 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


WHO  WAS  SIR  MILES  HOBART  ? 
Ak  Historical  Inquiry  in  thrrr  CBAmms. 

Chapter  1. 
What  wat  Sir  Miles  Hobartfamouifor  ? 


MONDAY  the  2iid  March,  1628-9, 
was  declared  by  the  precise  and  formal 
Sir   Simonds  D*£wes  (writing  eight 
years  afterwards)  to  be  ^^  the  most 
ffloomy,  sad,  and  dismal  day  for  Eng- 
land that  had  happened  in  five  hun- 
dred years  last  past."    It  was  the  first 
day  on  which  the  leaders  of  the  popu- 
lar party  amongst  the  Commons  of 
England  assembled  in  parliament  in 
St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  dared,  irregularly 
but  directly,  to  come  into  collision  witn 
the  authority  of  the  unhappy  Charles 
I. ;  the  first  day  on  which  they  openlj 
interfered  with  the  execution  of  his 
royal  will,  and  shewed  him  that  if  he 
would  insist  on  governing  by  his  own 
"sovereign  authority,"  as  it  was  termed, 
he  must  forbear  to  summon  parlia- 
ments.   In  the  estimation  of  all  men 
this  was  a  solemn  thing  to  do,  and  it 
had  then  a  solemnity  which  we  are  but 
little  able  to  appreciate,  for  those  were 
times  in  which  the  person  and  the 
power  of  the  Lord's   anointed  were 
generally  regarded  as  far  more  sacred 
than  we  can  well  conceive.     Such  a 
thing  was  moreover  especially  incon- 
ceivable and  terrible  in  the  estimation 
of  men  like  Sir  Simonds  D'Ewes.   He 
was  a  deep  searcher  into  records ;  he 


loved  the  parliament  rolls  of  Elizabeth 
with  an  anection  like  that  attributed 
to  a  certain  right  honourable,  lately 
deceased,*  for  tne  journals  of  a  more 
recent  period;  but  Sir  Simonds*s read- 
ing did  not  supply  him  with  anything 
like  a  precedent  for  the  proceedings  of 
the  2nd  March.  How  to  frame  a  mi- 
nute of  such  proceedings  was  altoge- 
ther beyond  tne  power  of  his  matter- 
of-fact  imagination.  But  in  spite  of 
D*Ewes's  exaggeration  the  day  was  in- 
deed a  serious  one ;  it  was  the  first 
day  of  Revolution,  the  day  on  which 
was  taken  the  first  step  towards  civil 
war. 

The  men  who  took  this  first  step 
knew  very  well  what  they  were  about. 
They  had  for  years  been  striving  to 
keep  the  royal  authority  within  the 
limits  of  the  law,  but  in  vain.  A  few 
months  before  they  had  wrung  from 
the  young  Ring — wrung  hardly  and  on 
the  King  s  part  ungraciously — that  re- 
cognition of  the  fundamental  rights  of 
the  subject  which  was  entitled  the 
Petition  of  Right.  After  much  quib- 
bling and  attempted  evasion  Charles 
had  given  his  consent  to  this  petition 
'*  in  a  parliamentary  way."  The  pe- 
tition (still  styled  a  petition,  as  we  to 


*  The  story  goes  that  the  excellent  gentleman  alladed  to  once  fainted  from  ex- 
haustion in  the  House  of  Commons.  His  friends  crowded  round  him,  and  anxious 
inquiry  was  made  for  aal  volaiiU,  burnt  feathers,  and  other  restoratives.  **  Pooh, 
pooh,"  remarked  a  waggish  member,  *'  Hold  a  volume  of  the  Journals  to  his  nose^ 
The  smell  of  that  will  rtvive  him  sooner  than  anything." 


228 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hohart  9 


[Sept. 


this  day  talk  of  the  llefomi  hiU)  had 
become  an  act  of  Fai'liament — the  law 
of  the  land.  Thenceforth  the  King's 
oppressions  and  irregularities  were 
doubly  illegal ;  illegal  as  opposed  to 
the  old  rights  of  which  the  petition 
was  merely  declaratory,  and  illegal, 
also,  as  in  direct  contravention  of  the 
petition  itself. 

The  parliament  which  thus  secured 
on  paper  all  the  ancient  rights  of  the 
subjects  of  England  was  prorogued  on 
the  26th  June,  1628.  On  the  20th 
January,  1628-9,  it  again  assembled, 
and  the  House  of  Commons  proceeded 
at  once  to  inquire  into  various  cases 
in  which  the  practice  of  the  govern- 
ment was  stated  to  be  still  at  variance 
with  the  Petition  of  Right.  The  taking 
of  tonnage  and  poundage  by  the  mere 
authority  of  the  Crown  wfis  one  of 
those  cases,  and  excited  much  debate 
and  a  great  deal  of  vigorous  investiga- 
tion. Another  subject  of  inquiry  was 
the  prevalence,  amongst  the  clergy,  of 
opinions  alike  inimical  to  rational 
lioerty  and  to  the  articles  of  the 
Church.  The  debates  upon  these  im- 
portant subjects  grew  warm.  With 
reference  to  tonnage  and  poundage 
the  house  exhibited  a  clear  determina- 
tion that  the  levying  of  all  taxes  should 
be  brought  into  exact  conformity  with 
the  Petition  of  Right.  The  King  and 
his  advisers  were  equally  determined 
that,  in  spite  of  the  Petition  of  Right, 
there  should  still  remain  in  the  Kmg, 
untouched,  what  was  termed  his  sove- 
reign power,  that  is,  a  power  superior 
to  the  law,  and  under  which  he  might 
do,  as  he  had  been  accustomed  to  do, 
many  things  which  were  unsanctioned 
by  the  law.  This  was  not  the  way  in 
which  the  Petition  of  Right  was  un- 
derstood or  was  intended  to  be  car- 
ried out  by  its  framers.  Was  that 
petition  to  be  a  nullity  or  a  reality  ? 
That  was  the  question.  It  was  one  of 
infinite  moment,  and  the  Commons 
managed  the  discussion  of  it  with  an 
earnestness  which  proved  their  sense 
of  its  gravity. 

The  question  as  to  religion  was  of 
equal  if  not  of  greater  importance.    A 


committee  reported  various  facts  in 
reference  to  the  increase  of  Popery, 
and  the  encouragement  given  by  the 
government  to  clergymen  who  held 
doctrines  favourable  to  Rome. 

The  report  of  this  committee  was 
a  solemn  and  weighty  document,  and 
recommended  a  variety  of  measures, 
all  likely  to  be  extremely  distastefiil 
to  the  King's  new  favourite.  Laud.  It 
was  read  m  the  house  on  the  25th 
February.  The  indignant  King  was 
highly  offended,  and  instantly  com- 
manded both  houses  to  adjourn  to  the 
following  Monday,  the  2nd  March. 
This  delay  was  probably  designed  to 
give  the  government  time  for  con- 
sideration, and  perhaps  for  some  at- 
tempt to  come  to  an  arrangement  with 
the  leaders  of  the  opposition.  Either 
reflection  proved  the  futility  of  such 
an  attempt,  or  if  made  it  failed.  Ere 
the  2nd  of  March  arrived,  it  had  be- 
come known  that  the  King  intended 
to  dissolve  the  parliament,  and  the 
popular  leaders  had  determined  upon 
their  course.  On  the  appointed  morn- 
ing the  members  assembled.  Prayers 
were  read.  The  Speaker,  Sir  cfobn 
Finch,  took  the  chair,  and  ai*ound  him 
was  gathered  an  assembly  of  men 
whose  names  have  been  rendered  im- 
mortal by  their  connection  with  these 
and  subsequent  similar  events.  Sir 
John  Eliot  was  there,  with  apparently 
something  of  a  presentiment  that  he 
was  never  to  enter  that  house  again ; 
Selden,  who  had  been  one  of  the  chief 
leaders  of  the  house  in  the  struggle 
for  the  Petition  of  Right,  was  there  to 
uphold  their  new  charter  of  liberties 
with  all  his  learning ;  Pym,  Hampden, 
Rudyard,  Denzell  Holies,  Cromwell, 
Sir  Robert  Phillips,  Strode,  Walter 
Long,  and  Glanvule  were  all  there,* 
and — the  last  that  we  shall  name — 
there  was  Sir  Miles  Hobart,  a  young 
man  of  pleasant  look,  and  gentlemanly, 
perhaps  even  of  somewhat  fashionable, 
appearance,  with  flowing  locks  and 
smart  moustaches,  and  a  ^aked  beard. 

The  Speaker  had  no  sooner  taken 
his  seat^  tnan  he  intimated  that  he  had 
been  charged  to  deliver  to  the  house 


*  Old  Coke,  strong  in  precedents  and  the  affection  of  D'Ewes,  does  not  seem  to  have 
attended  daring  the  whole  of  the  Session.  The  house  sent  him  a  message  at  one  time 
that  when  the  business  of  the  term  was  over  they  hoped  to  see  him,  but  there  is  no 
trace  of  his  presence  in  the  debates.  He  was  on  the  eve  of  hit  retirement  to  Stoke 
Poges,  and  probably  desired  to  clear  off  the  business  in  his  court. 


1851.] 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hohart  ? 


229 


a  message  from  ike  King : — his  Ma- 
jesty commanded  them  to  adjourn  the 
house  to  the  Tuesday  in  the  week  fol- 
lowing. 

Several  members  instantly  rose. 
They  objected  to  the  house  receiving 
any  such  message  through  such  an  un- 
usual chanpel.  It  was  no  part,  they 
alleged,  of  the  Speaker's  duty  to  deliver 
any  such  message. 

The  Speaker,  startled  by  the  inter- 
ruption, remarks  that  who  will  may 
disobey  his  Majesty's  command,  he 
shall  "  forthwith  leave  the  chair  and 
wait  upon  the  King." 

Here  then  was  the  critical  time. 
The  King's  intention  was  obvious.  By 
present  adjournment,  to  be  followed 
bv  a  sudden  dissolution,  and  some  pro- 
clamation or  declaration  running  in 
the  king's  name,  his  Majesty  was  about 
to  send  the  members  of  the  House  of 
Commons  back  to  their  constituents 
with  a  stigma  affixed  upon  them,  that 
they  had  disloyally  opposed  the  King 
and  needlessly  embroiled  the  public 
affairs  by  factiously  neglecting  to  pass 
the  bill  for  tonnage  and  poundage. 
Without  waiting  for  the  question  of 
adjournment  to  be  formally  put,  Eliot 
rises,  holding  in  his  hand,  ready  pre- 
pared, a  Remonstrance,  in  which  the 
conduct  of  the  house  is  explained  and 
justified,  and  a  protest  is  made  against 
the  levying  of  duties  of  any  kind  with- 
out the  authority  of  Parliament. 

Again  the  Speaker  interferes,  and 
is  sharply  told  by  several  members, 
that  he  had  delivered  his  message  and 
had  done  all  he  had  to  do;  and 
that  after  the  house  had  settled  some 
things  which  they  thought  convenient 
to  be  spoken  of,  they  would  satisfy  the 
Kin?. 

The  Speaker  rises.  He  seeks  to 
leave  the  chair.  Denzell  Holies,  son 
of  the  Earl  of  Clare,  and  Mr.  Benja- 
min Valentine  step  forward,  and,  one 
on  one  side  and  the  other  on  the  other, 
prevent  his  departure.  They  keep 
him  in  the  chair  against  his  will. 

Eliot  proceeds.  He  states  the  pur- 
port of  the  intended  Remonstrance  and 
nands  it  to  the  Speaker  that  he  might 
read  it  to  the  house  and  put  the  ques- 
tion of  its  adoption.  The  Speaker  re- 
fuses to  receive  the  paper.  The  house 
as  he  declares  stands  adjourned  by 
royal  authority.  He  will  not  read 
any  paper  or  put  any  question.    He 


was    commanded  otherwise    by    the 
King. 

Selden  remonstrates  with  him. 
As  Speaker,  he  is  the  servant  of  the 
house,  bound  to  do  whatever  the  house 
directs,  and  does  he  now  refuse  to  per- 
form the  Speaker's  office  ?  He  has  de- 
livered the  King's  message.  It  is  for 
the  house  to  act  upon  it.  "  If  you  will 
not  put  the  question  which  we  com* 
mand  you,  we  must  sit  still." 

The  Speaker  replies,  "  He  had  an 
express  command  from  the  King,  so 
soon  as  he  had  delivered  his  message, 
to  rise,  without  any  further  speech  or 
proceeding  at  that  time."  And  then 
he  rises  again,  and  leaves  the  chair, 
but  is  forcibly^  drawn  back  again  and 
reseated  in  his  place  by  Holies  and 
Valentine  and  other  members,  in  spite 
of  the  interference  of  Sir  Thomas 
Edmonds  and  others  of  the  privy 
councillors,  who  endeavour  to  pro- 
cure his  release.  The  house  is  in 
an  uproar,  and  Holies  swears  to  the 
Speaker  Queen  Elizabeth's  oath,  that 
"  God's  wounds ! "  he  shall  sit  still 
till  it  pleased  them  to  rise.  Again 
Eliot's  Remonstrance  is  offered  to  him, 
but  nothing  can  induce  him  to  read 
it.  Weepmg  abundance  of  tears, 
he  exclaims,  '*  I  will  not  say  I  will 
not,  but  I  dare  not,"  and  he  entreats 
the  members  not  to  urge  him  **  to  sin 
against  the  express  command  of  his 
sovereign."  The  uproar  goes  on  in- 
creasing ;  some  members  mterfere  in 
opposition  to  Eliot  and  .his  friends ; 
two  violent  gentlemen,  Coriton  and 
Winterton,  get  to  blows;  and  the 
timid,  always  a  large  number  at  such 
a  time,  are  rapidly  making  their  es- 
cape from  the  house.  In  a  little  while 
Eliot  and  his  party,  with  the  im- 
prisoned Speaker,  will  have  the  house 
to  themselves ; — what  is  to  be  done  ? 

This  is  the  decisive  moment,  and 
now  it  is  that  Sir  Miles  Hobart  in- 
terferes. Probably  some  cry  arose  of 
"  Lock  the  door  1"  But  who  would  dare 
to  do  it  ?  It  was  easy  to  say  "  Bell  the 
cat,"  but  where  was  the  Archie  who 
would  take  upon  himself  the  respon- 
sibility of  doing  so?  Hobart  is  the 
man ;  he  runs  to  the  door,  closes  it, 
turns  the  ke^,  withdraws  it  from  the 
lock,  puts  it  in  his  pocket,  and  resumes 
his  place,  amidst  tne  uproar  that  was 
still  rising  at  the  other  end  of  the 
house.    One  can  imagine  the  parUft* 


280 


Who  was  Sir  Mihs  Hoha/tt  9 


DSbpt. 


mentary  cheer  and  laugh  with  which 
his  friends  received  him,  and  the  ob- 
jurgations of  the  escaping  members. 
Some  talk  there  was  otlaymg  the  key 
on  the  table  of  the  house,  but  the 
movement  party  thought  it  safer  in 
Sir  Miles^s  pocket,  and  there  it  was 
consequently  allowed  to  remain.  Willy- 
nilly,  Speaker  and  ministers,  friends 
and  foes,  stay  now  they  must. 

This  incident  of  the  key  was  but  an 
interlude.  Whilst  it  was  proceeding 
the  Remonstrants  were  stul  striving 
to  carry  their  point.  The  weeping 
Speaker  was  weU  rated  by  Selden  on 
the  one  side,  and  by  Sir  Peter  Hayman 
on  the  other.  The  former  scornfully 
renounced  his  ancient  love  for  the 
person  of  his  professional  brother; 
the  latter  repudiated  him  as  a  kins- 
man, and  pronounced  him  a  disgrace 
to  his  country,  and  a  blot  upon  a 
noble  family.  The  poor  Speaker  sat 
firm,  although  **with  extremity  of 
weeping  and  supplicatory  orations." 

Strode  urged  tne  importance  of  the 
Remonstrance  to  prevent  their  beinff 
turned  off  like  scattered  sheep,  and 
sent  home,  as  they  were  last  session, 
with  a  scorn  put  upon  them  in  print. 
He  suggested  that  all  who  wished  the 
Remonstrance  read  should  stand  up, 
which  was  done ;  but  the  Speaker  re- 
mained unawed  by  the  number  of  the 
"  Ayes." 

Selden  proposed  that  the  Remon- 
strance, refused  by  the  Speaker,  shotdd 
be  read  by  the  clerk  of  the  house,  and 
the  paper  was  tendered  to  him  ac- 
cordmffly.  The  clerk  followed  the 
example  of  the  Speaker,  and  refused 
to  have  anything  to  do  with  the 
obnoxious  document. 

And  now,  some  of  the  members  who 
had  escaped  before  the  door  was  locked, 
had  earned  tidings  to  the  King  of  the 
uproar  within  the  house.  The  King 
hurries  down  to  the  House  of  Lords, 
and  sends  a  messenger  for  Edward 
Grimston,  the  Serjeant-at-Arms,  who 
was  then  within  the  House  of  Commons 
In  attendance  upon  the  Speaker,  to 
bring  away  his  mace  and  come  directly 
to  his  Majesty.  The  messenger  re- 
ports himself  at  the  door  of  the  house. 
What  now  will  Hobart  do  P  Will  he 
refuse  to  open  the  door  to  the  royal 
summoner?  No  one  moves.  TheKing*s 
command  is  delivered  in  thunder  out- 
side the  door.    By  general  consent  the 


Eliot  party  ref^ised  to  allow  Qrinuton 
to  Quit  the  house,  and  the  maoe  which 
he  nad  on  his  shoulders,  ready  to  go» 
was  ordered  to  be  placed  on  the  tame. 

Eliot  finding  that  neither  Speaker 
nor  clerk  would  read  the  iCemon- 
strance,  took  baok  his  written  paper, 
and  standing  up  declared,  that  he 
would  **  express  its  contents  by  tongoe." 
In  strains  of  fierce  but  manly  elo- 
quence, he  denounced  those  aaviiers 
of  the  King  who  desiffned  to  *^  break 
parliaments,  lest  paruaments  should 
break  them,"  declared  that  **no  one 
was  ever  blasted  in  that  house  but  a 
curse  fell  upon  him,"  and  recapitulated 
theprincipal  heads  of  his  Remonstrance. 

Walter  Long  proclaimed  that  who- 
ever betrayed  the  general  liberty,  by 
paying  taxes  not  imposed  by  parlia- 
ment, should  be  noted  as  a  capital 
enemy  of  the  kingdom. 

Holies,  takingt  his  suggestion  and 
Eliot*s  protest  as  his  key  note,  proposed 
three  several  resolutions,  and  standing 
up  by  the  Speaker's  side  put  then 
to  the  house  as  a  ohairman.  *^  1 .  Who- 
ever shall  bring  in  innovation  in  reli- 
gion, shall  be  reputed  a  capital  enemy 
to  the  kingdom.  2.  Whoever  shall 
advise  the  levying  of  tonnage  and 
poundu^e  without  authority  of  parlia- 
ment, shall  be  reputed  an  innovator  in 
the  ffovemment  and  a  capital  enemy 
to  the  kingdom.  9.  If  any  person 
shall  pay  tonnage  and  pounaage  until 
granted  by  parEament,  ne  shall  be  re- 
puted a  betrayer  of  the  liberty  of 
England  and  an  enemjr  to  the  same." 

Whilst  these  resolutions  were  being 
put  there  was  reiterated  thunder  asainst 
the  closed  door.  James  MaxweU,  the 
gentleman  usher  of  the  black  rod, 
came  to  the  house  with  a  message  im- 
mediately from  the  king's  own  mouth. 
Wliat  it  was  no  one  knows.  Hobart 
kept  the  key.  The  door  was  refused 
to  be  opened,  and  the  King's  messenger 
bore  back  to  his  master  an  account  of 
his  slighted  mission.  The  King  then 
sent  ror  the  captain  of  the  buid  of 

fentleman  pensioners  to  force  the  door, 
iut  the  work  was  done.  After  two 
hours  rebellious  and  uproarious  sitting. 
Holies'  resolutions  were  carried  by 
acclamation,  and  the  house  then  a^ 
joumed.  The  Speaker  was  released,  Sir 
Miles  produced  the  key,  the  imprisoned 
senators  were  set  at  hberfy,  and  each 
num  went  away  to  fpeciUatf  upon 


188L] 


Jfh6  woi  Sir  Mites  Hoba^t  f 


Ml 


what  m^ht  be  the  con8eC[uenceB  of 
this  the  first  day  of  rebellion  agsdnst 
Charles  I.* 

Those  consequences  followed  at  no 
tardy  pace.  AH  who  had  taken  an 
active  part  in  these  proceedings  were 
arrested  within  a  few  days,  and  exa- 
mined before  the  Council.  Hobart 
was  amongst  them.  "Bein^  ques- 
tioned about  shutting  the  door,  he 
answered,  he  desired  to  know  by  what 
authority  he  was  examined  to  j^ive  an 
account  of  his  actions  in  parhament, 
and  that  he  thought  it  was  a  course 
without  precedent  and  that  no  court 
or  commission  could  take  notice  of 
any  thing  done  or  said  in  parliament, 
but  a  parliament;  nevertheless  he 
would  not  stick  to  say  and  confess 
that  it  was  he  that  shut  the  door 
and  put  the  key  in  his  pocket,  and  he 
did  so  because  the  house  commanded 
it.**t  All  the  persons  summoned  were 
committed  to  various  prisons. 

On  the  2nd  April,  1629,  Hobart  was 
sent  (perhaps  from  the  Gate  House) 
close  prisoner  to  the  King's  Bench, 
with  Long,  Stroud,  Selden,  and  Valen- 
tine. Each  of  them  sued  out  a  writ 
of  habeas  corpus.  The  case  of  Stroud, 
the  determination  of  which  was  to 
rule  them  all,  was  argued  during 
Easter  term,  1629,  the  prisoners  being 
present  day  by  day  during  the  argu- 
ment. In  Trinity  term  the  court  was 
ready  to  deliver  its  judgment,  but  lo  I 
the  prisoners,  without  whose  presence 
the  court  could  not  proceed,  were  not 
forthcoming.  The  King,  with  the 
spirit  of  a  pettifogger,  to  mark  his  per- 
sonal resentment,  and,  for  the  sake  of 
mere  annoyance,  directed  the  prisoners 
to  be  removed  just  at  the  close  of  the 
term,  under  a  warrant  signed  by  hb 
own  hand,  from  one  prison  to  another, 
— in  Hobart*s  case  from  the  King*5 


Bench  to  the  Tower, — ^which  had  the 
effect  of  prolonging  their  imprison- 
ment, by  throwing  the  case  over  the 
summer  or  long  vacation.  In  the  fol- 
lowing term  it  was  agreed  that  the 
prisoners  might  be  discharged  upon 
bail,  provided  they  also  found  sureties 
for  good  behaviour.  This  they  unani- 
mously refused  to  do.  In  the  mean 
time  the  Kinff  proceeded  against  them 
all — "vipers  '  as  he  called  them — in 
the  Star  Chamber.  They  all  demurred 
on  various  grounds,  but  principally 
that  they  were  not  answerable  out  of 
parliament.|  Whilst  these  proceed- 
mgs  were  pending  the  King  privately 
consulted  the  judges  of  the  Kings 
Bench,  and,  having  obtained  from  them 
extra-judicial  opinions  in  favour  of 
the  liability  of  the  prisoners  to  answer 
at  law  for  "offences"  committed  in 
parliament,  his  Majesty  directed  the 
proceedings  in  the  Star  Chamber  to  be 
abandoned,  and  filed  informations  in  the 
Kinff*s  Bench  against  the  three  leaders, 
— Euot,  Holies,  and  Valentine;  Hobart 
and  the  restremuningin  prison  on  their 
refusal  to  find  sureties  for  good  be- 
haviour. Thejudgments  upon  the  three 
leaders  are  well  known.  Hobart  and 
some  of  the  others  applied  in  Michael- 
mas term,  1629,  to  the  Kine*s  Bench, 
for  some  alleviation  of  the  narshness 
of  their  imprisonment,  but  in  vain. 
Two  years  afterwards,  in  a  time  of 
plague,  some  of  them  were  removed 
upon  their  petition  to  other  pruoni, 
and  Sir  Miles  Hobart,  having  at  length 
consented  to  give  the  required  sureties 
for  his  good  behaviour,  was  discharged. 
Thus  ended  what  are  termed  "  the 
sufferings  "  of  Sir  Miles  Hobart.  The 
spirit  of  some  men  would  have  held 
out  longer ;  but  who  knows  what  rea- 
sons, personal  or  domestic,  what  pe- 
culiar grief  of  heart  or  health,  may 


*  The  anthoritiei  for  this  statement  are  Rush  worth,  i.  660 ;  Whitelocke'i  MemoriaUr, 
p.  13 ;  Uie  Parliamentary  History;  and  a  contemporary  MS.  Jonrnal  of  the  Parliament 
which  formerly  belonged  to  Bindley,  hot  now  in  our  own  possession.  I  have  oc« 
casionally  been  obliged  to  differ  a  little  from  previous  writers,  but  never  without 
authority. 

t  So  in  the  Bindley  MS.  fo.  70.  The  word  **  commanded"  at  the  end  has  been 
printed  "  demanded,"  and  hence  perhaps  arose  the  tradition,  that,  the  house  having 
*'  demanded*'  the  key  of  Hobart,  ne  opened  a  window  and  flung  the  key  out  into  the 
Thames.  There  seems  no  doubt  that  it  remained  in  Hobart*s  pocket  to  the  end  of 
the  sitting. 

t  Copies  of  all  these  demurrers,  which  are  very  curious  documents,  especially  that 
of  Selden,  m  contained  in  the  Bindley  MS.  before  mentioned.  The  Information  may 
be  seen  in  Rnihworth,  i.  665. 


232 


Who  w(ts  Sir  Miles  Hohart  9 


[Sept. 


have  occasioned  him  to  submit.  There 
is  no  reason  to  believe  that  there  was 
any  treachery  in  his  conduct,  any 
truckling  to  the  court,  or  desertion 
of  his  principles,  and  as  to  anything 


else,  we  may  perhaps  be  better  able 
to  judge  if  we  pursue  our  inquiry. 
We  have  seen  wnat  he  did,  but  who 
was  he  ?  Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hobart  ? 


Chapter  II. 
What  has  been  written  and  found  out  about  Sir  Miles  Hobart  ? 


The  peerages  are  agreed  that  Sir 
Miles  Hobart  was  an  ancestor  of  the 
Earls  of  Buckinghamshire.  That  is  a 
fact  assumed  in  them  all.  Upon  that 
fact  they  build,  not  striving  to  prove 
its  accuracy,  but  endeavouring  to  make 
everything  agree  with  it  as  well  as 
they  can.  Turning  to  the  pedigree  of 
that  family,  the  genealogists  find  that 
the  second  son  of  the  Lord  Chief 
Justice  Hobart  was  named  Miles. 
That  Miles  is  at  once  fixed  upon.  He 
must  be  the  man.  He  is  born  at  Plum- 
stead,  is  knighted,  is  returned  to  parlia- 
ment, "  holds  the  Speaker  in  the  chair," 
locks  the  door,  is  imprisoned  and  dis- 
charged. "  Whether,"  we  quote  from 
CoUins,  Sir  Egerton  Brydges^s  edition 
(vol.  iv.  p.  367),  "  he  was  again  im- 
prisoned, or  what  other  hardships  he 
underwent,  does  not  appear;  but, 
dying  in  1649,  before  the  civil  wars 
broke  out,  his  sufierings  were  esteemed 
so  meritorious  by  the  Long  Parliament, 
that  they  voted,  in  the  year  1646,  that 
5,000Z.  should  be  given  to  his  children 
in  recompense  thereof,  and  for  op- 
posing the  illegalities  of  that  time." 
That  is,  he  dies  in  1649,  before  the 
commencement  of  that  civil  war  which, 
in  1648-9,  had  led  to  the  beheading  of 
the  King,  and  in  1646,  whilst  he  was  yet 
alive,  the  parliament  voted  compensa- 
tion to  his  children!  We  are  then 
tpld  that  he  married  a  certain  Susan  * 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Peyton,  by  whom 
he  had  a  son  and  a  daughter.  This  is 
Collinses  account,  and  is  followed  by 
everybody  else,  save  that  here  and 
there  some  more  careful  inquirer  ob- 
serves one  of  the  chronological  inac- 
curacies of  the  passage  we  have  (quoted, 
and  strives  to  rectify  it  by  making  the 
5,000/.  to  be  paid  to  Sir  Miles  himself 
instead  of  to  his  children. 

That  Sir  Miles  was  an  ancestor  of 
the  Earls  of  Buckinghamshire  and  a 
Hobart    of  Blickling,  has    got    into 


Blomefield,  or  rather  into  Parkin, 
^History  of  Norfolk,  vi.  404,)  and 
from  thepce  and  from  Collins  has  been 
quoted  and  adopted  in  all  directions. 
To  compile  a  list  of  authors  merely 
for  the  purpose  of  proving  them  (as 
we  must  do)  to  have  all  b^n  careless 
or  over-confiding,  is  in  such  a  case 
disagreeable  and  useless  work.  Our 
readers  will  therefore  take  it  for 
granted,  upon  our  assurance,  that, 
were  we  so  minded,  we  could  make  a 
goodly  catalogue. 

The  first  person  who  drew  public 
attention  to  the  confusion  respecting 
Sir  Miles  was  our  accurate  Norfolk 
correspondent  G.  A.  C.  In  a  commu- 
nication printed  in  our  Magazine  for 
April  1849,  p.  373,  he  pom  ted  out 
that  Miles  Hobart  of  Blickling,  the 
second  son  of  the  Chief  Justice,  was 
described,  not  as  a  knight,  but  merely 
as  "  Miles  Hobart  of  In  twood,  esquire^* 
in  a  deed  dated  8  July,  1670,  and  also 
in  the  monument  erected  in  Blickling 
church  to  one  of  his  sons,  who  was 
buried  there  in  1671. 

Thus  driven  off  the  Blickling  or 
main  line  of  the  Hobarts,  G.  A.  C.  ran 
on  to  the  Plumstead  branch  of  that 
family,  and  suggested  that  Sir  Miles, 
the  House  of  Commons  hero,  was 
probably  Sir  Miles  Hobart  of  Plum- 
stead,  created  Knij^ht  of  the  Bath  at 
the  coronation  of  Charles  I.  and  grand- 
son of  a  Miles  Hobart  of  Plumstead, 
who  was  an  elder  brother  of  the  Chief 
Justice.  But  G.  A.  C.  has  lately 
written  to  us  to  withdraw  this  supposi- 
tion. He  finds  that  Sir  Miles  Hobart 
of  Plumstead,  K.B.  was  not  only  living 
in  1646,  when  the  House  of  Commons 
made  its  vote  to  the  children  of  the 
patriot,  but  that  he  lived  down  to  the 
^ear  1668,  and  apparently  never  was 
in  parliament. 

A^ain  thrown  out  in  his  inquiry, 
G.  A.  C.  was  too  true  a  genealogist  to 


*  Should  be  Frances.    See  Gent.  Mag.  for  April  1849y  p.  873. 


1851.] 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hohart  f 


233 


relax  in  his  pursuit.     In  a  collection 
of  London  genealo^es*  he  found  the 
following  pedigree,  in  which  it  will  be 
seen  that   there  occurs  a  previously 
unnoticed   "Sir  Myles   Hooert,"  the 
son  of  a  London  citizen,  who  is  stated 
to  have  been  descended  from  a  Nicho- 
las Hobert,  the  second  son  of  William 
Hobart,  of  Lejham,  in  the  county  of 
Suffolk,  elder  brother  of  Sir  James 
Hobart    attorney-general    to    Henry 
VII.  the  grandfather  of  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice, and  ancestor  of  the  Hobarts  of 
Blickling.       But  this  new-found  Sir 
Miles  is  stated  to  be  a  baronet,  whilst 
the  information  filed  in  the  Star  Cham- 
ber against  Sir  Miles  the  patriot-rebel 
determines  him  to  have  been  a  knight ; 
and  ap;ain,  the  Sir  Miles  of  this  pedi- 
gree IS  stated  to  have  died  "  without 
yssue ;"  which  is  a  little  at  variance  not 
only  with  the  parliamentary  TOte  of 
5,000/.  to  his  children,  and  to  the  exist- 
ence of  the  son  and  daughter  given  to 
him  by  Collins,  but  stronjgly  so  against 
his  being  the  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of 
Buckinghamshire,  or  of  anybody  else. 
We  will  print  this  pedigree  as  a  foot- 

note-t 

G.  A.  C.*s  next  find  was  that  of  a 
ffrant  of  letters  of  administration  made 
by  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canterbury 
on  the  26th  June,  1632,  to  Robert 


Thorpe,  gentleman,  half-brother  by 
the  mother's  side  of  a  Sir  Miles  Ho- 
bart, knight,  described  as  late  of  Great 
Marlow,  in  the  county  of  Bucks,  but 
deceased  at  Highgate  in  the  county 
of  Middlesex,  the  grant  to  endure 
during  the  continuance  of  a  suit  re- 
specting the  validity  of  Sir  Miles*s 
will,  ft  further  appears  that  the  suit 
was  terminated  on  the  3rd  September, 
1633,  by  a  decision  against  the  will, 
and  that  administration  was  thereupon 
decreed  as  in  an  ordinary  case  of  in- 
testacy.J  These  letters  of  administra- 
tion look  as  if  they  related  to  the  Sir 
Miles  Hobart  of  the  pedigree  just  al- 
luded to ;  but  how  was  such  a  grant  to 
be  reconciled  with  the  time  of  the 
death  of  the  patriot  stated  by  Collins  ? 
As  to  the  children,  G.  A.  C.  suggests 
that  if  this  were  the  patriot,  the  children 
alluded  to  might  all  be  infants  and 
their  mother  dead.  Still  all  is  in 
confusion. 

G.  A.  C.  next  found  it  stated  by 
Lysons  §  that  the  patriot  Sir  Miles  was 
killed  by  the  overturning  of  his  coach 
whilst  passing  down  Hoiborn  HilF  in 
June  1632,  and  was  buried  at  Great 
Marlow  on  the  4th  July.  This  seemed 
precise  enough,  and  to  agree  with  the 
grant  of  administration  ;  but  how  was 
It  to  be  reconciled  with  the  pedigree 


*  Harleian  MS.  1096,  fol.  114^ 

t  Nicholaos  Hobert,  2  fil.  &c. 


i 


Andreas    Hobert  de    Jacobus  Hobert    Will'mus  Ho-=7=Anna,  filia  Joh'U 


Monks  Illigh,  prlmo-    de  London,  mer-    bert,  3  filius, 
genitus  filius,  &c.  C€r,  2  filius.  de  Norwich. 


le  Groos  de  Croat- 
wike,  relicta  Thome 
Qoarles  de  Norwich. 


bis  ^Milo   Hobert  de  London  ;^Elizabetha,   relicta  Ro-=S'  Thomas  Midle- 


first  wife, 
a  widdow. 


bis  second  wife  was  dau.  of 
S'  Tho.  Cambell,  Knight. 


berti  Taylor  de  London,    ton.  Knight,  Maior 

mercator,  fil Brooke    of  London,  3d  hus- 

de  London.  band. 


Catherine,  married  to 
Joseph  Jackson  of 
London,  marchant. 


1 

A  daughter,  marr. 
to  ... .  Scot  of 
London. 


1 

Another 

daugh- 
ter. 


S' Myles  Hobert, 
Baronet,  died 
without  yssue. 


X  Admin.  Bucks.  1632,  26  June.  Roberto  Thorpe  armigero,  fratri  uterino  Milonis 
Hobart  militis,  nuper  de  Marlow  Magna,  com.  Bucks,  sed  apud  Highgate  in  com. 
Midds.  defuncti,  &c.  AdminisU  honor,  pendente  lite  inter  prefatum  Robertum  Thorpe, 
Mabellam  Morgan,  Mariam  Herris,  et  Johannem  Johnson  ex  una  parte,  et  Johannem 
Hewet  mi  litem,  ex  altera  parte,  circa  valorem  testamenti. — Marginal  tfote^  Sententia 
lata  pro  ouUitate  testamenti  dicti  defuncti,  3  Sept.  1633.  Admin,  as  of  an  intestate 
decreed. 

§  Magna  Britannia,  i.  600. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVL  2  H 


234 


Palgraves  History  of  Normandy  and  England,         [Sept. 


in  Collins,  and  if  this  was  the  real  Sir 
Miles,  did  he  die  without  issue,  as 
stated  in  the  pedigree,  or  leaving  two 
children,  as  stated  by  Collins,  to  share 
between  them  the  5,000/.  voted  to  them 
by  the  Parliament  ? 

At  this  point  G.  A.  C.  left  the  in- 
quiry, turnmg  it  over  to  our  pages,  in 
the  hope  that  some  antiquary  resident 
in  London  would  assist  him  in  that 
further  elucidation  which  it  was  all 
but  impossible  for  a  dweller  in  the 
country  to  accomplish. 

Was  this  Sir  Miles  of  the  Parlia- 
ment an  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of  Buck- 
inghamshire or  not  ?  was  he  descended 
from  the  Hobarls  of  Blickling,  or  from 
those  of  Plumstead,  or  from  the  family 
established  in  London  which  is  men- 
tioned in  the  pedigree  ?  was  he  a  knight 
or  a  baronet  ?  did  he  die  in  1649,  or 


in  1632?  did  he  leave  children  or  die 
without  issue  ?  if  the  latter,  how  came 
the  Parliament  to  vote  5000/.  '*  to  his 
children  ? " — these  are  the  principal 
questions  which  G.  A.  C.  had  raised, 
and  which  he  desired  tohave  cleared  up. 
The  inquiry  was  obviously  worthy 
of  solution,  and  we  therefore  turned  it 
over  to  one  of  our  corps  of  detectives. 
His  report  is  too  long  for  insertion  in 
the  present  number,  but  we  shall  pub- 
lish It  next  month.  At  the  same  time 
that  it  answers  the  question,  "  Who 
was  Sir  Miles  Hobart?"  it  will  be 
found  to  illustrate,  in  a  curious  way, 
the  dependence  to  be  placed  upon  the 
statements  of  even  our  best  peerages 
and  histories,  and  the  importance  and 
necessity  of  testing  all  assertions  by 
the  public  records,  and  other  original 
authorities. 


PALGRAVE'S  HISTORY  OF  NORMANDY  AND  ENGLAND. 
History  of  Normandy  and  of  England.    By  Sir  Francis  Palgrave.    Vol.  i.   8vo.   1851. 


OUR  primary  duty  in  reference  to 
such  a  work  as  this  is  fortunately  ex- 
tremely clear.  We  have  not  as  in 
some  cases  to  hold  a  critical  balance 
between  the  good  and  the  ill,  between 
what  is  well  done  and  what  is  the  re- 
verse, and  upon  the  inclination  of  the 
beam  to  pronounce  whether  the  book 
is  one  which  the  public  ought  to  have 
been  troubled  with  or  not.  There  can 
be  no  such  question  with  respect  to 
any  work  which  proceeds  from  the  pen 
of  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  one  of  the 
most  learned  historical  scholars  of  the 
present  age.  Whatever  he  may  pub- 
lish may  be  more  or  less  complete ;  he 
may  call  it  by  a  wrong  name,  it  mav 
be  m  truth  a  history  and  he  may  call 
it  a  romance,  or  it  may  be  a  sermon 
and  he  may  term  it  a  song,  or  it  maj 
have  many  minor  faults  of  composi- 
tion, or  of  detail ;  but  otherwise  than 
welcome  it  cannot  be,  and  the  first 
duty  of  the  members  of  our  ungentle 
cran  is  to  teach  the  public  to  make  it 
so.  Sir  Francis  Palgrave  is  the  man 
who  in  our  part  of  the  world  at  the 
present  day  is,  probably  with  the  ex- 
ception of  Mr.  Hallain,  the  best  read 
in  the  original  sources  of  that  branch 
of  history  with  which  he  here  deals. 
He   has   evidenced   his   acquaintance 


with  this  high  walk  of  literature  in 
many  publisued  works,  and  also  in 
many  most  valuable  essays  contri- 
buted to  the  pages  of  the  Edinburgh 
and  the  Quarterly  Reviews.  But 
throughout  all  his  historical  inquiries  he 
has  set  before  himself  as  a  definite  aim 
the  elaboration  of  the  "  history  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon,  Anglo-Norman,  Cymric, 
and  English  races  and  nations,  from 
their  earliest  appearance  on  the  scene 
of  European  history.  The  prosecution 
of  this  great  design  has  been  aided  by 
an  official  employment  which  has 
compelled  him  to  "  concentrate  his 
attention  upon  English  history,"  and 
now,  afler  the  lapse  of  five-and-twenty 
years  of  study  and  inquiry,  he  lays  be- 
fore us  the  present  volume  as  the  first- 
fruits  of  his  important  and  long-con- 
tinued labours.  For  lovers  of  histo- 
rical literature  not  to  rejoice  over  the 
appearance  of  such  a  work,  or  not  to 
the  extent  of  their  power  to  teach  all 
people,  gentle  and  simple,  cleric  and 
lay,  learned  and  lewd,  that  it  is  their 
bounden  duty  to  give  it  a  very  hearty 
welcome,  would  be  a  mere  absolute 
dereliction  of  a  clear  and  very  import- 
ant duty.  Everybody  who  feels  what 
sound  literature  really  is,  what  is  its 
worth  and  dignity,  and  what  its  influ- 


1851.]       Palgrave*8  HUtory  of  Normandy  and  England. 


236 


ence  upon  the  civilizatioD,  and  conse- 
quently upon  all  the  highest  interests 
of  mankind,  ought  to  do  everything 
in  his  power  to  make  known  the  ex- 
istence and  promote  the  success  of  a 
work  which  belongs  to  the  highest 
class  of  historical  composition,  and  is 
always  learned,  and  not  unfrequently 
original  and  profound. 

The  subject  of  the  present  volume, 
viewed  in  relation  to  the  author's 
main  design,  is  the  establishment  of 
the  Northmen,  or  as  they  have  been 
termed  in  England  the  Danes,  in  Nor- 
mandy. But  ^^  a  history  of  the  Danish 
expeditions  in  France,"  remarks  Sir 
Francis  Palgrave,  "  must  be  dislocated 
unless  the  concurrent  events  of  na- 
tional French  history  are  included ;" 
he  therefore  has  entered  largely  into 
the  history  of  the  Carlovingian  Empire, 
tracing  it  fully  through  the  reigns  of 
Louis  le  Debonnaire  and  bis  imme- 
diate successors,  and  in  outline  to 
the  final  extinction  of  the  dynasty 
of  Charlemagne  and  the  accession 
of  Hugh  Capet. 

This  memorable  portion  of  the  his- 
tory of  Europe,  of  itself  an  ample 
theme  for  a  separate  history,  is  treated 
by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave  with  espe- 
cial reference  to  the  principles  which 
operated  to  bring  about  the  dis- 
memberment of  the  empire  of  Char- 
lemagne. The  successive  partitions 
of  the  vast  unwieldy  territory?  the 
unfilial  rebellions  of  the  sons  of  Louis 
le  Debonnaire,  their  quarrels  with 
one  another  after  the  death  of  their 
weak  and  foolish  father,  the  unto- 
ward circumstances  by  which  their 
course  was  every  where  beset,  and 
even  the  natural  phenomena  by  which 
the  cominff  distress  of  nations  was  es« 
teemed  to  oe  foretokened,  are  all  care- 
fully worked  into  the  picture,  and 
shown  to  have  operated  in  bringing 
about  those  terrible  circumstances  of 
general  anarchy  and  confusion  during 
which  the  populous  north  first  poured 
down  its  nardy  warriors  upon  the 
shores  of  France.  Louis  le  Debon- 
naire had  adopted  precautions  which 
availed  for  the  protection  of  the  inland 
territory.  "  Never  yet  had  the  pirate 
vessels  floated  on  tne  fresh  waters;" 
but  in  the  deadly  struggles  of  Louis's 
successors  the  protecting  force  was 
withdrawn.  The  Northmen,  eagerly 
watching  on  the  coast,  espied  the  fa- 


vourable opportunity,  and  instantly 
took  advantage  of  it  to  occupy  the 
estuary  of  the  Seine. 

*'  Oskeri  hitherto  undistinguishable 
amongst  the  Danish  captaiDs  of  the  Chan- 
nel fleet,  conducted  the  expedition :  an 
unusually  high  tide  facilitated  the  inva- 
sion. On  the  eve  preceding  the  very  day 
when  Louii  cut  up  and  dispersed  the 
Prankish  army  under  the  Duke  of  Aus- 
trasia's  command,  did  Osker's  fleet  enter 
the  brimful  river.  The  Seine  flood-tides 
were  then  accompanied  by  a  sudden  bead 
or  rise  of  waters,  the  sea  conflicting  with 
the  river,  similar  to  the  eager  or  eau- 
guerre  so  remarkable  in  the  mouth  of  the 
Severn ;  the  roar  could  be  heard  five 
leagues  off.  As  their  vessels  rowed  up- 
wards, and  the  crews  contemplated  the 
unfolding  of  the  winding  shores,  how  the 
prospect  must  have  delighted  the  North- 
men during  this  their  first  navigation  of 
the  Seine  :  the  fruitful  fields,  thick  orch- 
ards, the  bright,  cheerful,  and  healthy 
cliffs,  and  the  succession  of  yillas,  burghs, 
and  monasteries,  basking  securely  in  the 
enjoyment  of  undisturbed  opulence.  Ge- 
nerations had  elapsed  since  the  country 
had  been  visited  by  any  calamity  ;  the 
Northmen  had  been  kept  off,  and  com- 
merce and  agriculture  equally  contributed 
to  the  people's  prosperity.  But  the 
Danish  fleet  never  slackened  oar  or  sail, 
the  crews  never  touched  the  land ;  they 
had  a  great  object  in  view,  they  would  not 
halt  to  plunder  now, — lose  the  tide,  not 
they!"     (p.  323.) 

Mr.  Hallam  describes  the  mode  of 
warfare  adopted  in  these  incursions 
both  in  England  and  France  to  have 
been  the  same.  "  Sailing  up  naviga- 
ble rivers,"  he  says,  "  in  their  vessels 
of  small  burden,  and  fortifying  the 
islands  which  they  occasionally  found, 
they  made  these  intrenchment^  at 
once  an  asylum  for  their  women  and 
children,  a  repository  for  their  plunder, 
and  a  place  of  retreat  from  superior 
force.'  (Middle  Ages,  i.  27,  edit. 
1826.) 

They  who  are  at  all  acc|uainted  with 
the  nature  of  the  terrible  ravages 
which  our  own  country  suffered  in 
this  way  from  these  wild  barbarians, 
will  not  be  surprised  at  the  result 
which  ensued  from  the  advance  of 
Osker  up  the  Seine;  but  Sir  Fran- 
cis shall  tell  the  tale  in  his  own  words. 
The  passage  gives  a  fair  specimen  of 
his  style  and  also  of  the  ordinary  cha- 
racter of  his  illustration. 

'*  Osker    was    seeking   to   secure   the 


236 


Palgrave^t  History  of  Normandy  and  England,        [Sept 


booty  of  Rouen  by  a  eoup-de-main,  Gallo- 
Eomao  RothomaguB,  and  the  various 
suburbs  and  villages  included  in  its  mo- 
darn  municipal  octroi^  constituted  a  con> 
geries  of  islands,  another  Venice,  upon 
Seine.  The  ground  plot  of  the  present 
flourishing  city  was  either  partly  occupied 
or  much  intersected  by  the  ramifying 
channels  of  the  river,  as  well  as  by  various 
rivulets,  the  Renelle,  the  Aubette,  the 
Robec,  the  Roth-bach  or  red-beck ^  the 
red  stream — a  name  of  which  the  etymo* 
logy  perplexes  the  ethnographist,  uncertain 
whether  the  Teutonic  roots  should  be 
claimed  for  the  Gaulish  indwellers,  or  the 
Scandinavian  invader.  The  bed  of  the 
Seine  came  very  nigh  to  the  cathedral ; 
the  church  of  Saint  Martin  de  la  Roquette 
was  so  called  in  consequence  of  its  being 
built  upon  a  small  rock  in  the  middle  of 
the  waters,  and  the  parishes  of  Saint 
Clement,  Saint  Eloi,  and  Saint  Etienne 
were  insular  likewise.  The  city  was  fired 
and  plundered.  Defence  was  wholly  im- 
practicable, and  great  slaughter  ensued  : 
it  was  reported  that  the  archbishop  was 
killed.  This,  however,  was  not  the  case : 
Gundobald,  the  prelate,  escaped  like  the 
monks  of  Saint  Ouen,  who  fled,  bearing 
with  them  the  relics  of  the  Saint ;  but  the 
monastery,  then  standing  beyond  the  city 
precinct,  was  sacked,  and  the  buildings 
exceedingly  damaged.  It  is  thought,  how- 
ever, by  some  architectural  antiquaries, 
that  the  Tbtir  det  ClercSf  the  Romanesque 
fragment  now  incorporated  with  the  ex- 
quisitely  delicate  flamboyant  structure,  is 
a  portion  of  the  apse  belonging  to  the 
original  Basilica.  Of  the  cathedral,  hardly 
one  stone  remained  upon  another;  nor 
were  the  injuries  which  the  sacred  struc- 
tures of  Rouen  received  during  this  inva. 
sion  effectually  repaired,  until  the  piety 
of  RoUo  and  the  Normans  restored  the 
fabrics  their  forefathers  had  destroyed. 

"  Osker's  three  days*  occupation  of 
Rouen  was  remuneratingly  successful. 
Their  vessels  loaded  with  spoil  and  cap- 
tives, gentle  and  simple,  clerks,  merchants, 
citizens,  soldiers,  peasants,  nuns,  dames, 
and  damsels,  the  Danes  dropped  down  the 
Seine  to  complete  their  devastation  on  the 
shores.  They  had  struck  the  first  blow 
at  the  provincial  capital,  and  were  now 
comparatively  at  leisure.*'     (pp.  323-5.) 

Within  a  short  time  the  Danes, 
grown,  not  bolder,  but  more  familiar 
with  the  country  and  the  people,  ven- 
tured up  the  Seine  as  far  as  Paris. 
They  occupied  the  future  capital,  car- 
rying devastation  every  where,  and 
especially  into  the  tenantless  monas- 
teries, from  which  the  monks  had  Hed. 
After  they  had  completed  their  work 


of  destruction  they  were  bought  oflTby 
a  subsidy,  almost  incredible,  of  7,000 
pounds  of  silver.  A  bribe  so  vast 
tempted  new  hordes.  Charles  the  Bald, 
unable  to  raise  more  money,  gare 
them  permission  to  land,  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Seine  became  a  rendez- 
vous for  pirate  fleets,  and  the  neigh- 
bourhood a  place  of  retreat  after  pura- 
tical  incursions.  In  a  few  years  Faris 
was  again  attacked,  and  again,  it 
seems  as  if  it  had  been  of  course, 
it  was  occupied  and  plundered.  This 
time  (it  was  a.  d.  857)  the  destruction 
was  memorable.  The  churches  of  St. 
Denis,  Notre  Dame,  and  St.  G^rmain- 
des-pres  redeemed  themselves  by  pay- 
ment ;  but  the  faithless  Normans  did 
not  hold  to  their  contract,  or  another 
company  of  pirates  did  not  consider 
it  binding  upon  them,  and  all  were 
sacked. 


**  Sainte  Genevieve  suffered  most 
verely  amongst  all ;  and  the  pristine 
beauty  of  the  structure  rendered  the  cala- 
mity more  conspicuous  and  the  distreM 
more  poignant.  During  three  oentariet 
the  desolated  grandeur  of  the  shattered 
ruins  continued  to  excite  sorrow  and  dread, 
the  frai^ments  and  particles  of  the  gilt 
mosaics  glittering  upon  the  fire-scathed 
vaultings.  .  .  .  Until  the  reign  of  Phi« 
lippe-Auguste  the  church  remained  deso- 
late, uncovered,  and  open  to  the  sky. 
Abbot  Stephen  (afterwards  Bishop  of 
Tournay)  then  began  the  restoration. 
Another  sanctuary  was  erected,  containing 
the  renewed  shrine  of  the  patroness  of 
Paris,  vast  and  gloomy,  and  inspiring 
religious  awe :  pendant  over  the  portal 
hung  the  iron  sanctuary  ring,  which, 
touched  by  the  fugitive,  protected  him 
from  the  avenger. 

'*  Such  was  the  traditionary  respect 
rendered  to  the  dark  Gothic  Basilica  that 
the  building  was  preserved  when  the  new 
edifice  arose—  Corinthian  portico  and 
mathematically-balanced  cupola  equally 
testifying  the  increase  of  architectural 
skill  and  the  decline  Of  religious  senti- 
meut.  The  last  fragments  were  not  up- 
rooted until  after  the  restoration  of  the 
Bourbons.  We  well  recollect  the  belfry- 
tower  standing,  when  we  first  saw  Pari*, 
upon  the  dusty  and  desolate  plot:  the 
church  had  been  previously  demolished 
by  the  Bande- Noire,  and  the  empty  stone 
coffins  of  the  Merovingian  kings  were 
found  as  they  had  been  left  by  the  Scan- 
dinavian grave-robbers — plundered,  broken 
open,  and  in  confusion."  (pp.  461-2.) 

The    terrified    Franks,    instead  of 


1851.]        Palgraves  History  uf  Normandy  and  England. 


237 


meeting  their  barbarous  invaders  in 
^e  field,  or  defending  their  altars  hand 
to  hand,  introduced  a  new  clause  into 
their  Liturgy — "  a  furore  Norman' 
nontm  libera  nos  —  which  continued 
to  be  intoned  in  the  abbey  choir  even 
till  the  era  of  Louis  Treize.**  But 
Providence  is  never  easily  induced  to 
help  those  who  do  not  strive  to  help 
themselves.  The  Franks  continued 
disputing  and  fighting  with  one  another, 
whdst  successive  bands  of  furious 
Danes  poured  over  the  desolated 
country.  In  a.  d.  861  Paris  was  a 
third  time  occupied,  and  that  so  sud- 
denly, that  it  is  said  "  the  monks  of 
Saint  Grermain-des-pr^s  were  surprised 
whilst  singing  matins,  the  monastery 
plundered,  the  buildings  set  on  fire ; 
the  various  merchants  who  attempted 
to  rescue  their  property  by  boating 
up  the  Seine  intercepted,  and  their 
goods  and  wares  captured  and  de- 
stroyed." 

Wave  after  wave  of  furious  pirates 
swept  over  the  devoted  land,  until  it 
was  almost  deserted  by  its  population. 
The  sea-board  was  left  untiUed,  the 
churches  and  monasteries  stood  mere 
black  dismantled  ruins,  and  the  chief 
remaining  inhabitants  were  impove- 
rished and  defenceless  traders  who 
carried  on  a  small  commerce  upon  the 
once  busy  Seine.  Such  was  the  misery 
to  which  the  country  had  been  reduced, 
when  a  new  viking,  not  less  daring, 
but  somewhat  more  inclinable  towards 
civilisation  than  his  predecessors, 
made  his  first  appearance  on  the  shore. 
This  was  the  celebrated  Rollo,  who 
advanced  up  the  Seine  to  Rouen, 
A.D.  876.  The  inhabitants  instantly 
capitulated.  According  to  tradition 
he  anchored  his  bark  at  the  foot  of  the 
rock  on  which  stands  the  church  of 
St.  Martin,  and,  landing  there,  con- 
sented to  spare  the  prostrate  country 
on  being  paid  aDanegeld  of  five  thou- 
sand pounds.  Returning  to  the  north, 
in  a  few  years  he  reappeared  with  a 
new  and  not  less  greedy  host.  Rouen 
was  occupied  again,  Pontoise  sur- 
rendered, and  "  On  to  Paris  !**  was  the 
cry  throughout  the  Danish  host,  whose 
craft  of  all  kinds,  great  and  small, 
boats  and  wherries,  barques  and  barges, 
extended  for  two  leagues  in  length, 
and  bore  upon  the  bosom  of  the  Seine 
the  combined  forces  of  Sigfricd  and 
Rollo,  numbered  at  forty  thousand  men. 


This  siege  of  Paris  be^an  on  the  27th 
November,  885 :  but  times  were  al-^ 
tered  since  the  Danes  had  last  effected 
their  easy  entrance  into  the  unresist- 
ing capital.  Charles  the  Bald  had  en- 
circled the  island-city  with  fortifica- 
tions, earthworks,  and  barricades,  which 
were  a  sore  puzzle  to  the  impetuous 
Danes ;  and  Providence  had  heard  the 
prayer,  a  furore  Normannorum^  a.nd  had 
put  hearts  of  courage  into  the  breasts 
of  £udes,  the  first  of  the  Capets,  and 
Gauzeline,  a  bishop.  From  autumn  to 
autumn  the  Northmen  were  kept  at 
bay.  At  the  end  of  twelve  months 
Charles  the  Fat  came  to  a  compromise 
with  the  invaders.  Burgundy  having 
revolted  against  his  authority,  he  gave 
the  rebellious  country  over  to  the 
tender  mercies  of  the  Danes,  and  paid 
them  money  to  enable  them  to  remove 
with  credit  firom  Paris  to  Dijon.  This 
arrangement,  which  introduced  the 
Danes  into  the  heart  of  France,  is 
defended  (as  we  think,  very  insuf- 
ficiently) by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave 
(p.  617).  It  ruined  its  proposer,  after 
whose  death  the  valiant  Capet  wh^ 
had  defended  Paris  was  rewarded  with 
the  crown,  and  proved  his  prowess  by 
many  victories  over  the  Northmen. 
For  a  second  and  even  a  third  time  he 
withstood  their  attempts  on  Paris.  On 
his  death  the  whole  country  was  over- 
run by  the  Danes,  and  many  of  them 
efiected  permanent  settlements  in 
various  districts.  The  Church  put 
forth  her  missionary^  strength  for  their 
conversion.  The  mind  of  Kollo  be^an 
to  open  to  a  perception  of  the  worth  of 
Christianity.  A  conference  was  held 
between  the  kin^  of  the  Franks  and 
the  sea-king  at  St.  Clair  sur  £pte,  in 
the  year  911.  The  rough  Northman 
hero  consented  to  receive  baptism  ^ 
the  Terra  Normannorum — the  Haute 
Normandie  with  Britany — was  ceded 
to  him  as  a  fief;  and  Gisella,  a  daughter 
of  France,  was  rather  unwillingly  ac- 
cepted by  him  in  marriage.  The  in- 
cident of  his  performing  homage  is 
thus  related  by  Sir  Francis  Palgrave. 

"  The  dominioD  thus  determined,  Rollo, 
obeying  the  directions  given  by  the 
Prankish  coansellors,  placed  his  baads 
between  the  hands  of  the  king,  and  be- 
came the  king's  man;  such  an  act  as 
never  had  been  performed  by  Rollo^s 
father,  or  Rollo's  grandfather,  or  Rollo's 
great-grandfather  before  him.    Therefore 


238 


Palgraves  History  of  Normandy  and  England.        [Sept. 

successors  ofRollo  than  thaf  discern* 
ment  in  the  choice  of  talent,  and  mu" 
nificence  in  rewarding  ability,"  are 
qualities  which  may  be  truly  ascribed 
to  them;  that  they  were  "open-handed, 
open-hearted,  not  indifferent  to  birth 
or  lineage,  but  never  allowing  station 
or  origin,  nation  or  language,  to  ob- 
struct the  elevation  of  those  whose 
talent,  learning,  knowledge,  or  apti- 
tude, gave  them  their  patent  of  nobi- 
lity." (D.705.) 

In  relating  this  interesting  portion 
of  his  history  Sir  Francis  Palgrave 
goes  fully  into  all  such  details  of  the 
contemporary  history  of  France  as 
tend  to  illustrate  his  main  subject, 
besides  which  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
incidental  comment  upon  facts  con- 
nected with  the  language  and  litera- 
ture of  the  period,  and  the  whole  is 
interspersed  with  reflections  and  moral 
considerations  suggested  by  the  course 
of  the  narrative.  This  is  the  weakest 
part  of  the  book ;  not  that  there  is  any 
great  cause  for  objection  to  the  com- 
ments and  reflections  themselves,  but 
many  of  them  are  altogether  out  of 
place.  We  have,  for  example,  at  the 
beginning,  three  pages  or  more  of 
moral  reflections  flowing  out  of  the 
aptness  of  the  simile  "  The  Stream  of 
lime."  Such  reflections  are  well 
enough  if  found  in  a  review  or  essay, 
even  in  an  historical  essay;  but, unless 
history  is  to  be  a  composite  mixture,  a 
mere  hotchpot,  into  which  every  thing 
is  to  be  brought,  certainly  such  reflec- 
tions can  wellbe  spared  out  of  historical 
works.  The  experience  of  every  reader 
must  forcibly  convince  him  that  such 
reflections  impede  the  flow  of  a  nar- 
rative and  destroy  its  effect  ?  If  there 
are  any  instances  in  which  such  is  not 
the  result,  it  is  because  the  passages 
are  invariably  skipped.  Sir  Francis 
would  perhaps  reply,  after  the  manner 
of  his  defence  against  the  anticipated 
charge  of  having  neglected  "  the  dignity 
of  history,"  that  no  peculiar  fashion  of 
diction  is  required  for  history,  and  that 
the  writer  of  history  may  fairly  use 
whatever  tends  to  rouse  observation, 
to  stimulate  perception,  or  aid  the 
memory.  But  such  reflections,  when 
introduced  "aside," do  not  "rouse  ob- 
servation"— they  deaden  it;  they  do 
not "  stimulate  perception" — they  over- 
power it ;  they  do  not  "  aid  the  me- 
mory," but  impede  its  exercise,  and 


from  the  king  be  received  his  investiture 
—the  appointed  land  to  be  held  in  alodo 
ei  in  fundo,  and  all  Britany :  the  land 
from  the  Epte  to  the  sea.  A  custom  sub- 
sisted in  the  CarlovlDgian  court  that  who- 
ever asked  or  received  any  boon  from 
royalty  kissed  the  sovereign's  knee  or 
buskin  in  token  of  grateful  humility. 
This  mode  of  obedience  had  no  relation 
to  *  feudalism.' — La  bouche  et  let  mains 
sufficed ;  merely  as  '  senior  *  the  king 
would  require  no  more  ;  but  the  ceremony 
of  adoration  was  a  very  ancient  and  uni- 
versal mode  of  testifying  subjection,  and 
was  rendered  without  difficulty  by  any 
suppliant  for  grace  and  favour.  The  in- 
cident would  scarcely  require  much  notice 
were  it  not  for  the  dogged  illiberality 
which  has  converted  the  usage  into  an 
accusation  against  the  bishops,  who  are 
charged  with  having  introduced  the  prac- 
tice for  the  purpose  of  humiliating  the 
temporal  nobility. 

'*  The  demand,  however,  though  accus- 
tomed, affronted  Rollo,  who  indignantly 
refused.  Ne  si,  by  Oot  /  was  his  exclama- 
tion. The  Franks  insisting  upon  con- 
formity, Rollo  surlily  consented  that  his 
proxy  should  render  the  worship  claimed 
for  the  king,  and  Charles,  as  is  well  known, 
was  rudely  thrown  backwards  by  the 
Danish  soKlier.  Norman  arrogance  — 
such  as  was  displayed  when  Rollo's  de- 
scendant, Robert  le  Diable,  the  Conque- 
ror's father,  bullied  the  throne  of  the 
Eastern  Emperor — may  perhaps  be  con- 
sidered as  confirming  the  story;  and  if  it 
be  not  true,  the  family  were  proud  of  an 
insult  fabled  to  have  been  offered  to  the 
French  sovereign,  which  amounts  to  nearly 
the  same  thing."  (pp.  686-7.) 

The  semi-Christian  Northman  go- 
verned his  dukedom  with  vigour; 
standing  between  France  and  the  in- 
cursions of  his  countrymen,  rebuilding 
as  his  own  capital  the  very  Rouen 
which  he  had  destroyed,  and  re- in- 
vigorating the  old  Frankish  population 
by  the  admixture  of  his  northern 
heroes.  Aged  three-score  years  and 
upwards  on  his  marriage  with  the 
blooming  Gisella,  the  grim,  wrinkled 
pirate  soon  separated  from  her,  with- 
out having  any  legitimate  heir  to  his 
dukedom.  But  he  did  not  die  child- 
less. William  Longsword  and  Adela, 
his  son  and  daughter  by  a  Vermandois 
damsel,  inherited  and  transmitted  his 
heroic  qualities.  How  those  qualities 
were  modified  by  Christianity  and 
education  will  appear  at  large  in  Sir 
Francis's  future  volumes:  at  present 
be   tells  us  no   more   respecting   the 


1851.]       Palgraves  History  of  Normandy  and  England. 


239 


withdraw  it  from  that  subject  upon 
which  it  ought  to  be  concentrated. 

As  we  are  pointing  out  what  we 
consider  to  be  one  defect  in  this  very 
important  work,  we  will  name  another 
— the  mode  of  citing  authorities.  They 
are  withdrawn  from  the  accustomed 
and  clearly  most  convenient  place,  the 
foot  of  the  page,  to  the  end  of  the  vo- 
lume, and  there  they  are  mentioned,  not 
in  the  usual  manner,  but  for  the  most 
part  in  the  lump,  under  the  title  of 
"  Principal  Authorities."  In  this  way 
we  are  furnished  with  very  convenient 
and  useful  general  information  respect- 
ing various  chronicles  in  the  several 
couections  made  use  of;  but  historical 
writers  are  bound  to  cite  their  autho- 
rities in  such  manner  as  to  give  in- 
quirers the  power  of  testing  their  as- 
sertions one  by  one,  or  section  by 
section  at  the  least.  It  is  not  enough 
to  club  together  some  twenty  or  more 
pages,  and  then  inform  the  historical 
student  that  the  **  principal  autho- 
rities "  for  this  chapter  or  division  are 
such  and  such.  No  man  can  satisfac- 
torily trace  an  author  to  his  autho- 
rities if  they  are  referred  to  generally 
in  this  manner.  Practically  this  mode 
of  citation  operates  as  a  barrier  to  the 
discovery  of  authorities,  and,  to  the 
extent  to  which  it  does  so,  it  is  a  very 
serious  blemish  upon  the  historical 
authority  of  the  work  which  adopts 
it.  Of  course  such  cannot  be  the 
case  with  Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  but 
it  looks  like  a  contrivance  for  con- 
cealing authorities,  and  preventing  the 
writer's  text  being  tested.  The  wel- 
fare of  historical  literature  depends 
entirely  upon  the  proper  mode  in 
which  authorities  are  cited.  Without 
that  check  upon  authors  they  will 
rhodomontade ;  and  therefore,  if  it 
were  only  for  example  sake,  so  high 
an  authority  as  Sir  Francis  Palgrave 
ought  to  be  very  particular  upon  the 
point.  He  has  been  misled  into  the 
adoption  of  his  present  practice  by 
the  example  of  Luden,  a  Grerman 
writer,  but  we  beg  him  to  reconsider 
the  question. 

The  sentiments  and  opinions  advo- 
cated by  Sir  Francis  may  be  imagined 
by  those  who  are  acquamted  with  his 
former  works.  He  is  a  zealous  medi- 
evalist; an  especial  admirer  of  the 
medieval  Church,  and  a  believer  in  its 
"  general  healthiness.*'    **  The  scheme 


and  intent  of  mediaeval  catholicity," 
he  says,  "  was  to  render  faith  the  all- 
actuating  and  all-controlling  vitality," 
a  high  aspiration,  which  failed  because, 
as  he  thinks,  such  a  state  of  society  is 
absolutely  incompatible  with  the  king- 
doms of  the  world.  If  the  first  part 
of  this  assertion  be  true,  if  the  design 
of  the  mediaeval  Church  is  here  stated 
accurately,  it  becomes  necessary  to 
inquire  into  the  nature  of  the  faith 
which  "mediaeval  catholicity"  strove 
to  render  dominant.  The  subsequent 
volumes  of  Sir  Francis's  work,  if  he 
treats  his  subject  honestly,  will  enable 
us  to  determme  whether  the  faith  of 
which  he  speaks  was  a  faith  allied  to 
truth,  or  a  faith  founded  upon  false- 
hood ;  a  faith  supported  by  fables  and 
propagated  by  lying  wonders ;  a  faith 
in  puerile  and  idolatrous  superstitions; 
a  faith,  not  in  the  Saviour  and  the 
gospel,  but  in  the  Virgin  and  the 
priest ;  a  system,  not  of  Christian  light 
and  liberty,  but  of  a  debased  and  de- 
basing thraldom  both  of  soul  and  body. 
We  shall  be  delighted  to  find  that  he 
enters  upon  this  inc[iiiry  with  the  full- 
ness both  of  detail  and  knowledge 
which  are  in  his  power.  His  own 
mind  is  evidently  made  up,  but  he 
ou^ht  to  let  us  see  the  facts  upon  which 
he  has  been  led  to  his  conclusions.  At 
present  we  difier  from  him,  but  we 
shall  receive  with  respect  whatever  he 
may  publish  upon  the  subject,  and  are 
prepared  to  expect  that  his  acquaint- 
ance with  the  period  may  enable  him 
to  bring  before  us  many  facts  which 
we  have  overlooked,  or  have  not  duly 
weighed.  But  we  suspect  that  if  we 
ultimately  remain  unconverted  by  Sir 
Francis  Palgrave,  it  will  rather  be  the 
result  of  dinering  from  him  as  to  con- 
clusions than  as  to  facts.  In  the  vo- 
lume before  us  we  have  many  striking 
examples  of  this  kind  of  difierente : 
the  quotation  of  one  of  them  will 
sufiice. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  mediaeval 
chroniclers  were  careful  registrars  of 
all  unusual  appearances  either  in  the 
heavenly  bodies  or  on  the  earth.  Even 
brief  chronographers  in  their  simple 
records  gave  space  to  things  marvel- 
lous in  nature  by  the  side  of  great  re- 
volutions in  empire.  Deaths  of  kings 
and  invasions  of  barbarians  arc  linked 
together  in  these  fragmentary  and 
meagre    pages    with   appearances    of 


240 


PalgraveM  History  of  Normandy  and  England,        [Sept* 


comets  and  the  flashing  of  the  northern 
lights.  Under  1066,  the  year  of  the 
death  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  the 
invasion  of  the  Danes,  and  the  landing 
of  the  Conqueror,  we  read  in  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  "  There  was 
over  all  England  such  a  token  seen 
in  the  heavens  as  no  man  ever  before 
saw.  Some  said  it  was  the  comet-star, 
which  some  men  call  the  hairy-star, 
and  it  appeared  first  on  the  eve  of 
Litania  Major,  the  8th  of  the  kalends 
of  May,  and  so  shone  all  the  seven 
nights.  Such  a  record  is  a  valuable 
contribution  to  the  history  of  natural 
phenomena,  but  in  the  estimation  of 
the  chronicler  the  appearance  was 
much  more  than  an  ordinary  although 
unusual  natural  phenomenon,  it  was  **a 
token,"  a  fearful  heavenly  forewarning 
of  the  "  distress  of  nations  with  per- 
plexity" which  fell  upon  unhappy 
England  at  that  disastrous  period.  We 
had  thought  that  this  old  *'  supersti- 
tion "  (for  so  we  must  call  it,  in  spite 
of  all  our  respect  for  Sir  Francis),  this 
illogical  coupling  together  of  ordinary 
natural  appearances  with  extraordi- 
nary incidents  in  human  history,  had 
disappeared  before  the  general  diffu- 
sion of  intelligence  and  knowledge ; 
but  what  says  Sir  Francis  ?  Having 
led  the  way  by  asserting  that  "  it  is 
indisputable  that  the  cosmical  pheno- 
mena occurring  in  the  period  com- 
mencing with  the  fall  oi  the  Roman 
Empire,  and  terminating  about  the 
period  of  the  Crusades,  were  singu- 
larly remarkable  and  abundant"  (p. 
220),  which  we  beg  to  say  we  have 
never  seen  proved;  and  that  Louis 
le  Debonnaire  "was  encouraged  by 
Holy  Writ  to  ponder  upon  such  signs 
and  tokens  as  messages  of  wrath  or 
warning"  (p.  221),  which  we  do  not 
allow ;  Sir  Francis,  at  a  subsequent 
page,  proceeds  thus : — 

'*  The  cosmical  phenomena,  so  physi- 
cally and  morally  important  during  the 
mediaeval  era,  continued  and  increased. 
The  heavens  throbbed  with  blue  and  red 
and  yellow  fires  :  comets  and  cometary 
beams  traversed  the  sky — tremendous 
earthquakes  increased  the  alarm — the  vol- 
canic Rhine  region  was  particularly  dis- 
turbed — but  the  concussions  were  not 
confined  to  this  locality.  Commencing 
with  earth-thunder,  the  shocks  prevailed 
seven  days  throughout  the  Gauls  ;  the 
subterraneous  '  bellowings/  as  they  are 
described,  recurring  periodically  at  certain 
2 


ascertained  watches  and  hoars  of  night 
and  day.  To  these  were  added  keen 
famine  and  dire  pestilence. 

'*  Taken  in  the  wider  sense,  every  phy- 
sical phenomenon  is  an  historical  incident, 
whether  affecting  the  material  conditioa 
of  man  or  his  mind — the  pestilence- 
breathing  blast*  not  more  so  than  the 
Aurora's  innocuous  beams.  Feebly  and 
faint-heartedly  would  Livy,  the  rebaker 
of  a  corrupt  and  apostate  generation,  have 
fulfilled  his  high  mission,  had  he  not  con- 
stantly and  faithfully  borne  witness  to 
the  prodigies  whilome  received  by  his 
forefathers,  as  testifying  the  active  pre- 
sence of  the  Deity,  teaching  them  to 
nourish  their  strength  by  confessing  their 
weakness,  and  to  acknowledge  that  their 
power  was  a  free  gift,  which  the  Gods, 
the  Divine  warnings  contemned,  would 
take  away. 

"  Science  cannot  dispel  this  lurking  be- 
lief [what  belief.']  so  flippantly  denomi- 
nated superstition — it  is  innate  and  uncon- 
querable. If  the  weather  be  coarse  during 
the  national  f^te  the  tricolor  is  gloomy. 
The  Parisian  crowds  are  dispirited  by  the 
darkened  heavens,  and  they  loudly  give 
utterance  to  their  heaviness.  That  a  bright 
gleam  of  sunshine  should  suddenly  iUn- 
minate  the  House  of  Peers  and  dart  down 
upon  the  Lords  Commissioners  when  they 
declared  the  Royal  Assent  to  the  Reform 
Bill,  was  joyfully  accepted  by  the  hard- 
headed,  unimaginative  Radical  as  a  happy 
foreboding.  Tokens,  predictions,  prog- 
nostics, possess  a  psychological  reidity. 
All  events  are  but  the  consummation  of 
preceding  causes,  distinctly  felt  though  not 
clearly  apprehended  until  the  accomplish- 
ment ensues.  Whilst  the  strain  is  sound- 
ing, the  pre-established  harmony  of  atmos- 
phere, of  nerve,  and  of  soul  reveals  to  the 
most  untutored  listener  that  the  tune  will 
end  with  the  key-note,  though  he  cannot 
explain  why  each  succeeding  bar  leads  to 
the  concluding  chord."     (pp.  339,  340.) 

What  all  this  may  mean  we  confess 
we  cannot  exactly  tell.  It  seems  to  us 
like  the  confused  utterance  of  one  who 
aspires  after  the  reputation  of  a  Livy, 
but  wants  the  courage  which  he  attri* 
butes  to  his  prototvpe.  If  it  really 
means  anything  at  all,  it  must  be  taken 
as  a  warning  that  there  is  no  phase  of 
mediseval  superstition  that  is  beyond  the 
reach  of  revival,  and  that  the  middle 
ages  are  likely  to  be  defended,  and  the 
healthiness  oi  the  mediseval  church  to 
be  proved,  not  by  the  production  of 
new  evidence,  but  by  the  adoption  of 
mediseval  principles.  If  we  will  forget 
that  science  has  discovered  the  physi- 


1851.] 


Petition  against  George  Gascoigne. 


241 


cal  laws  by  which  heaven  and  earth 
are  linked  together;  shut  our  eyes 
upon  the  comfort-s,  the  blessings,  and 
the  increased  freedom,  of  civiliza- 
tion ;  and  block  up  again  the  opened 
apertures  by  whicn  we  have  admitted 
heaven's  own  light ;  wp  shall  in  due 
time  be  tamed  down  into  a  condition  in 
which  we  may  appreciate  the  virtues 
and  the  excellence  of  the  mediaeval 
period.  We  are  to  drug  ourselves, 
and  go  amongst  the  drugged  inhabi- 
tants of  a  Happy  Home,  m  order  to 
form  our  estimate  of  the  natural  quali- 
ties of  the  several  classes  of  creatures 
which  are  there  confined. 

The  occurrence,  in  Sir  Francis  Pal- 
grave's  work,  of  manjr  passages  similar 
m  point  of  composition  to  that  which 
we  have  just  read,  is  to  be  explained 
by  the  way  in  which  the  work  has  been 
written.  "  In  every  stage  it  has  been 
spoken :  that  is  to  say,  written  down 
by  dictation,  and  transcribed  by  dic- 
tation." Loose  discursive  comments, 
dropping  with  fatal  facility  from  the 
mouth  of  the  speaker,  have  thus  crept 
into  the  book,  overlaying  in  many 
places  the  more  valuable  matter  which 
abounds  in  it,  and  most  seriously  inter- 
fering with  its  chance  of  being  accepted 
as  a  popular  book.  For  ourselves  we 
end,  as  we  began,  with  expressing  our 
thankfulness  for  the  book  and  our  ad- 
miration of  it.  In  whatever  shape  it 
comes,  it  is  welcome  to  us.  But  if  Sir 
Francis  wishes  his  learning  to  have 
direct  weight  and  influence  upon  the 
world,  we  would  intreat  him  carefully 


to  revise  the  commentary  and  re- 
flective passages  of  his  work,  to  cut 
down  its  difluseness,  and  to  prune  it 
of  everything  approaching  to  what  the 
world  now  esteems  to  be  mere  common- 
place. We  fear  this  will  be  very  un- 
palateable  advice.  The  author  evi- 
dently delights  in  that  sparkling  stream 
of  free  and  easy  reflection  in  which  he 
meanders  along  so  gaily,  and  by  means 
of  which,  whilst  treating  of  the  Carlo- 
vingians  and  the  Northmen,  Louis  le 
D6bonnaire  and  Rollo,  he  is  able  to 
insinuate  his  own  opinions,  political  and 
religious  ; — slapping  away  at  those 
whom  he  calls  Radicals,  wnilst  he  lec- 
tures men  who  term  their  brethren 
Papists  or  Puritans,  and  comments 
upon  the  irreligiousness  of  accounting 
for  the  fall  of  the  Carlovingian  dynasty 
by  the  doctrine  of  probabilities  rather 
than  by  that  of  a  run  of  ill-luck.  All 
this  is  no  doubt  very  natural  to  an 
historical  talker,  but  it  is  not  suitable 
to  the  pages  of  an  historical  writer. 
So  long  as  it  remains  in  its  present 
prominence  in  those  of  the  present 
author,  his  solid  learning  may  furnish 
materials  for  many  books  to  be  written 
by  other  men,  but  he  himself  will 
neither  reap  the  universal  fame  nor  the 
compensating  profit  from  his  long  con- 
tinued studies  which  the  whole  world 
would  like  to  see  him  enjoy. 

We    intreat    his    pardon   for    the 
freedom   of    these   observations,   and 
shall  not  cease  to  admire  his  historica 
learning,  even  although  he  should  re- 
ject our  advice. 


PETITION  AGAINST  THE  RETURN  OF  GEORGE  GASCOIGNE,  THE 

POET,  TO  PARLIAMENT. 


THE  interference  of  the  Privy 
Council  in  procuring  the  return  to 
Parliament  of  persons  well  aflected  to 
the  government  used  to  be  a  common 
occurrence,  but  we  do  not  recollect  an 
instance  of  the  Lords  of  the  Council 
taking  upon  themselves  to  determine 
the  fitness  to  serve  of  a  person  once 
elected.  In  the  following  paper,  which 
we  believe  has  never  yet  been  published, 
we  find  an  appeal  made  to  them  to 
exercise  that  power,  in  order  to  pre- 
vent the  sitting  in  parliament  of  no 

Gent.  Mao.  Vojl.  aXXVI. 


less  a  person  (as  it  seems  to  me)  than 
Gascoigne  the  poet. 

The  grounds  assigned  in  this  paper 
constitute  a  heavy  impeachment  against 
his  moral  character.  The  catalogue 
of  oflences  has  evidently  been  artfully 
prepared.  With  an  ignorant  dud  tau- 
tologous  minuteness,  which  betrays  a 
malicious  anxiety  not  to  leave  any- 
thing in  doubt,  the  careful  enumerator 
of  Grascoigne's  demerits  could  not  rest 
upon  the  accusation  of  his  being  an 
'*  atheist,"  but  must  needs  add,  that  he 

21 


242 


Petition  against  George  Gascoigne, 


[Sept 


was  also  a  "  godless  person."  Of  the 
real  accuracy  of  any  one  of  the  charges, 
or  of  the  fact  that  this  paper  really 
applies  to  the  poet,  we  know  so  little 
of  Gascoigne's  history,  that  it  is  scarcely 
possible  to  speak  with  certainty.  We 
do  not  find  his  name  in  any  list  of  the 
members  for  Midhurst  that  we  have 
been  able  to  refer  to.  The  persons 
named  in  Dallaway  and  in  Willis  as 
returned  for  that  borough  for  the  par- 
liament in  question,  which  was  that  of 
the  14th  Elizabeth,  and  assembled 
on  the  8th  May,  1572,  are  Thomas 
Bowyer  and  Thomas  Holcrofl ;  but  it 
should  be  borne  in  mind  that  Lord 
Montague,  the  noble  owner  of  Cow- 
dray,  was  the  patron  both  of  the  bo- 
rough of  Midhurst  and  of  Gascoigne. 
Amongst  Gascoigne^s  "  Flowers"  is  an 
interesting  poem,  spoken  at  a  masque 
written  on  occasion  of  the  double  mar- 
riage at  one  time  of  the  eldest  son  and 
a  daughter  of  the  first  Viscount  Mon- 
tague, and  a  daughter  and  son  of  Sir 
\Villiam  Dormer. 

Throughout  Gascoigne*s  works  there 
is  a  singular  and  often-recurring  ex- 
pression of  regret,  even  if  it  may  not 
occasionally  be  termed  remorse,  in  re- 
ference to  the  actions  of  his  youth.  In 
the  preface  addressed  "  To  the  Reverend 
Divines,"  prefixed  to  the  collection  of 
his  works  published  in  1575,*  he  ad- 
dresses them  thus : — 

*'  My  reverend  and  well-beloved,  what- 
soever my  youth  hath  seemed  unto  the 
graver  sort,  I  would  be  very  loth  now  in 
my  middle  age  to  deserve  reproach,  more 
loth  to  touch  the  credit  of  any  other,  and 
most  loth  to  have  mine  own  name  become 
unto  you  odious.  For  if  I  should  now, 
at  this  age,  seem  as  careless  of  reproach 
as  I  was  in  green  youth  ready  to  go  astray, 
my  faults  might  quickly  grow  double,  and 
mine  estimation  should  be  worthy  to  re- 
main but  single.  I  have  learned  that  al- 
though there  may  be  found  in  a  gentleman 
whereby  to  be  reprehended  or  rebuked, 
yet  ought  he  not  to  be  worthy  of  reproof 
or  condemnation.'' 

Again,  in  his  preface  addressed 
"To  all  Young  Gentlemen,"  he  thus 
pictures  himseLf : 

"  A  young  man  well  born,  tenderly  fos- 
tered, and  delicately  accompanied,  shall 


hardly  pass  over  his  youth  withoat  falling 
into  some  snares  of  the  devil  and  tempta- 
tions of  the  flesh.  But  a  man  of  middle 
years,  who  hath  to  his  cost  experimented 
the  vanities  of  youth,  and  to  his  peril 
passed  them ;  who  hath  bought  repent- 
ance dear,  and  yet  gone  through  with  the 
bargain;  who  seeth  before  his  face  the 
time  past  lost  and  the  rest  passing  away 
in  post ; — such  a  man  had  more  need  to 
be  well  advised  in  his  doings  and  resolute 
in  his  determinations.  For  with  more 
ease  and  greater  favour  may  we  answer 
for  ten  mad  follies  committed  in  green 
youth  than  one  sober  oversight  escaped 
in  years  of  discretion.  Lycurgus,  the 
good  princely  philosopher,  ordained  that 
if  an  old  man  perceiving  a  yoang  man 
to  commit  any  dishonesty  did  not  re- 
buke but  suffer  him,  the  aged  should  be 
chastised  and  the  young  man  should  be 
absolved  .... 

"  I  assure  yon,  young  bloods,  that  I 
have  not  published  the  same  (his  poems)  to 
the  intent  that  other  men  hereafter  might 
be  infected  with  my  follies  forepasMd. 
.  .  .  Most  of  them  being  written  in  my 
madness,  might  have  yielded  then  more 
delight  to  my  frantic  sense  to  see  them 
published  than  they  now  do  accnmalate 
cares  in  my  mind  to  set  them  forth  cor- 
rected ;  and  a  deformed  youth  had  been 
more  likely  to  set  them  to  sale  long 
sithence  than  a  reformed  man  can  be  able 
now  to  protect  them  with  simplicity.  The 
scope  of  mine  intent  and  the  mark  whereat 
I  shoot  is  double,  I  mean,  grounded  npon 
two  sundry  causes ;  the  one  that,  being 
indebted  unto  the  world  at  the  least  5000 
days  very  vainly  spent,  I  may  yield  him 
yet  some  part  of  my  account  in  those 
poems.  .  .  .  The  other  reason  is,  that 
because  I  have,  to  mine  own  great  detri- 
ment, mispent  my  golden  time,  I  may 
serve  as  ensample  to  the  youthful  gen- 
tlemen of  England  that  they  run  not  on 
the  rocks  which  have  brought  me  to  ship- 
wreck. Beware,  therefore,  lusty  gallants, 
how  you  smell  to  these  posies.  And  learn 
you  to  use  the  talent  which  I  have  highly 
abused.  Make  me  your  nairror.  And  if 
hereafter  you  see  me  recover  mine  estate, 
or  re-edify  the  decayed  walls  of  my  youth, 
then  begin  you  sooner  to  build  some 
foundation  which  may  beautify  your  palace. 
If  you  see  me  sink  in  distresses  (notwith- 
standing that  you  judge  me  qnick  of  ca- 
pacity) then  learn  yon  to  maintain  your- 
selves swimming  in  prosperity,  and  eschew 
betimes  the  whirlpool  of  misgovemment.** 


*  The  Posies  of  George  Gascoigne  esquire,  corrected,  perfected,  and  augmented  by 
the  autbour,  1575.  Tam  Marti  quam  Mercuric.  Printed  at  London  for  Richard 
Smith,  and  are  to  be  solde  at  the  north-weast  doore  of  Paoles  church.  4to. 


185].] 


Petition  against  George  Gascoigne. 


243 


Still  more  poignanUj,  and  with  feel- 
ing and  eloquence,  he  writes  to  Lord 
Grej  of  Wilton  in  the  dedication  of  his 
«  Steel  Glass." 

"  I  hare  misgoverned  my  youth.  I 
confess  it.  What  shall  I  do  then  ?  Shall 
I  yield  to  misery  as  just  plague  appointed 
for  my  portion  ?  Magnanimity  saith 
'*  No,*'  and  Industry  seemeth  to  be  of  the 
very  same  opinion.  I  am  derided,  sus- 
pected, accused,  and  condemned.  Yea, 
more  than  that,  I  am  rigourously  rejected 
when  I  proffer  amends  for  my  barm. 
Should  I  therefore  despair  ?  Shall  I  yield 
unto  jealousy,  or  drown  my  days  in  idle- 
ness, because  their  beginning  was  bathed 
in  wantonness?  Surely,  my  lord,  the 
magnanimity  of  a  noble  mind  will  not 
suffer  me,  and  the  delightful  reward  of 
diligence  doth  utterly  forbid  me. 

**  Shall  I  grudge  to  be  reproved  for  that 
which  I  have  done  indeed  ...  I  have 
loitered,  my  lord,  I  confess.  I  have  Iain 
stretching  me,  like  a  lubber,  when  the 
sun  did  shine,  and  now  I  strive,  all  in  vain, 
to  load  the  cart  when  it  raineth.  1  re- 
garded not  my  comeliness  in  the  May 
moon  of  my  youth,  and  yet  now  I  stand 
prinking  me  in  the  glass  when  the  crow's- 
foot  is  grown  under  my  eye  ....  I  have 
learned  in  sacred  Scriptures  to  heap  coals 
upon  the  heads  of  mine  enemies  by  honest 
dealing,  and  our  Saviour  himself  hath  en- 
couraged me,  saying  I  shall  not  lack  neither 
work  nor  service,  although  it  were  noon- 
day before  I  came  into  the  market  place." 

In  these,  and  many  similar  expres- 
sions of  penitence,  scattered  through 
Ga8Coigne*s  works,  we  have  probablj 
a  somewhat  exaggerated  coniession  of 
those  youthful  failings  which  caused 
his  father  to  disinherit  him  ;  but  they 
certainly  do  not  contain  anything 
which  gives  warrant  for  the  more 
serious  accusations  contained  in  the 
following  paper.  And  yet  such  im- 
moralities as  Grascoigne  admits,  when 
magnified  and  distorted  by  political  or 
personal  rancour,  could  with  little 
difficulty  be  made  the  basis  of  accusa- 
tions as  heinous  as  any  of  those  which 
are  here  laid  to  his  charge.  That  he 
was  over  head  and  ears  in  debt  was 
very  likely;  therefore  the  first  item 
is  in  all  probability  substantially  true. 
That  he  was  "  a  common  rhymer  "  was 
certainly  true ;  and  that  he  was  not  dis- 
inclined to  speak  freely  of  "  persons  of 
great  calling "  may  be  admitted ;  and 
probably  that  is  all  that  is  correct  in 
the  third  accusation.  The  second  and 
the  fourth  might  easily  be  mere  ex- 


aggerations, founded  upon  distorted 
hearsay,  or  perhaps  even  upon  his  own 
ready  confessions  of  what  Kind  of  life 
he  had  led.  It  is  the  tendency  of  such 
a  change  as  had  come  over  the  mind 
of  Gascoigne.  and  especially  in  the 
instance  of  a  man  of  strong  feelings 
and  active  imamnation,  to  excite  him 
to  exaggerate  the  malignity  of  his  own 
past  evil  life.  That  he  had  ceased  to 
be  a  "  godless  person  "  in  1 575  is  suf- 
ficiently proved  by  the  passages  we 
have  quoted,  and  mcontestably  so  by 
the  whole  tenour  of  his  works. 

Supposing  this  petition  to  relate  to 
Gascoigne,  it  would  be  easy  to  build 
a  romance  upon  its  possible  result-s. 
Just  after  the  time  when  it  was  pre- 
sented, Gascoigne  abandoned  his  pro- 
fession, left  England,  and  served  for  a 
time  under  the  Prince  of  Orange  in 
the  Low  Countries.  One  can  conceive 
of  an  impetuous  sensitive  man,  that, 
stung  to  the  quick  by  such  an  accusa- 
tion, unwilling  to  subject  his  patron 
who  had  procured  his  return  to  par- 
liament to  the  possible  discredit  and 
the  certain  annoyance  which  would 
result  from  any  investigation,  he  threw 
up  his  seat  and  embarked  in  that 
cause  which  offered  employment  to  all 
the  hot  aspirins  Protestant  blood  in 
England.  But  mis  is  mere  conjecture. 
Let  us  hope  that  the  publication  of  the 
following  paper  will  lead  to  renewed  in- 
quiry into  the  circumstances  of  his  life. 

This  paper  occurs  amongst  the 
Domestic  Papers  in  the  State  Paper 
Office  under  the  year  1572. 

*<  Petition  against  George  Gascoigne, 
May,  1572. 

"  To  the  Right  Honnorable  the  Lordes 
of  the  Privie  Cownsaile. 

**  Certaine  objections  why  George  Gas- 
coigne oughte  not  to  be  admitted  to  be  a 
burgesse  of  the  parliament. 

'*  First,  he  is  indebted  to  agreate  num- 
ber of  personnes,  for  the  which  cause  he 
bathe  absented  himselfe  from  the  citie,  and 
hathe  lurked  at  villages  neere  unto  the 
same  citie  by  a  longe  time,  and  nowe  beinge 
returned  for  a  burgesse  of  Midehurste  in 
the  countie  of  Sussex,  doethe  shewe  his 
face  openlie,  in  the  despite  of  all  his 
creditors. 

"  Item,  he  is  a  defamed  person  and 
noted  as  well  for  manslaughter,  as  for  other 
greate  crimes. 

"  Item,  he  is  a  common  rymer  and  a 
deviser  of  slaunderous  pasquelles  againste 
diverse  personnes  of  greate  callinge. 


244  Municipal  Franchises  of  the  Middle  Ages  [Sept; 

**  Item,  he  is  a  Dotorious  ruffianne  and         <'  For  the  which  causes  be  is  not  meete 
especialle  noted  to   be  both  a  spie,  an      to  be  of  the  Cownsaile  of  Highe  Coarte  of 


atheist,  and  godlesse  personne. 


Parliament/' 


THE  NATURE  OF  THE  MUNICIPAL  FRANCHISES  OF  T^E  MIDDLE 
AGES  ILLUSTRATED  BY  DOCUMENTS  FROM  THE  ARCHIVES  OF 
THE  TOWN  OF  LEICESTER. 

No.  IIL 

[Concluded from  Mag.  for  June,  1851,  p.  599.] 


I  NOW  turn  to  the  very  curious 
Laws  of  the  Portmanmote  of  Leicester, 
as  revised  by  Edmund,  Earl  of  Leices- 
ter, brother  of  King  Edward  I.  In- 
stead of  translating  them  from  the 
original  Latin,  I  copy  them  from  an 
old  English  version,  apparently  of  the 
middle  or  the  latter  part  of  the  fif- 
teenth century ;  as  in  that  form  they 
have  upon  them  a  picturesque  and  ge- 
nuine air  of  antiquity,  which  would  be 
lost  in  a  new  translation. 

The  laws  run  thus : 

**  For  that  the  delayes  of  the  court  of 
Portmanmote  of  Leycester  have  been  full 
long,  and  some  usages  lessened  to  theym, 
that  [they]  theyr  right  [might]  not  sue, 
Syr  Edmund,  brother  of  o**.  Lord  the 
king,  lord  of  the  toun  aforesaid,  by  bis 
counseyle,  and  by  thassent  of  the  mayre 
and  of  the  juriez,  and  of  all  the  comens  of 
the  same  toun,  bathe  ordeyned  and  pur- 
veied  amendments  vndre  wreten. 

'*  First,  for  that  that  when  a  man  maketh 
bis  pleint  of  an  other,  of  det  or  of  trespas, 
the  half  yere  or  oon  yere  hole  passed  often 
afore  that  he  myght  bring  his  aduersarie 
to  aunswer  to  the  partie  by  feble  distres 
of  the  baillieffs ;  and,  by  that  that  they 
hyd  theyr  godes  in  chambres,  or  other 
places  there,  a  man  myght  not  distreyn 
them  ;  and  also,  for  that  that  they  passed 
without  amerciement  of  the  defaultes; 
in  amendement  of  this  thing  it  is  purveyed, 
whan  a  man  pleyneth  him  of  an  other  re- 
seaunt  in  the  toun,  in  his  absence,  of  det 
or  of  cataile  with  wrong  taken  or  with- 
holden,  be  he  of  whom  is  pleyned  somond 
by  witnes  of  the  neghbors  to  be  at  the 
next  court  to  aunswer.  And  if  [to]  that 
court  he  cometh  not,  be  made  a  symple 
distres,  vntill  he  be  attached  by  plegges  to 
be  at  another  court.  And  if  he  finde 
plegges  and  come  not,  or  if  he  will  not 
finde  plegges,  he  be  comaunded  to  be  dis- 
treyned  to  be  at  the  iii**^.  court  by  the 
grete  distres,  by  what  some  evyr  a  man 


findeth  of  his  within  his  house  or  without; 
so  that  if  he  make  to  hyde  or  inclose  in 
chambre,  or  in  other  places,  the  baillief,  by 
the  sight  of  the  neghbors,  him  make  entre 
thorugh  out  all  to  distreyn  him  of  it,  for- 
asmuch that  he  him  iustifieth.  And  if  be 
bath  founden  plegges  to  come,  be  his 
pleggis  amercied,  for  that  that  they  came 
not  at  the  day  ;  if  they  may  not  shewe 
resonable  encheson  for  the  which  they 
came  not. 

"In  the  same  manner  be  it  made  in  pie 
of  trespas,  as  to  distresses ;  but  that  all  at 
the  first  be  put  by  plegges.  Afterwards, 
whan  the  defendant  bath  made  defautes,  so 
that  he  come  by  grete  distres,  that  that 
issue  upon  him  be  in  amercy ;  if  be  may 
not  his  defauts  save  to  sey  that  be  was 
out  of  the  toun  and  knewe  not  of  the 
pleinte,  or  that  he  was  distourbet  by  an 
other  cause  resonable,  and  that  be  will 
averre  to  it.  If  the  defendaunt  have  foun- 
den plegges  or  mainprenours,  to  be  at  the 
court  at  a  certein  day,  and  ther  may  not 
be,  have  those  plegges  *  or  those  mainpre- 
nours.  If  they  wolde  at  the  day  oon  for- 
sall  for  him  in  the  stede  of  assoyne,  as 
afore  it  was  vsed,  and  there  have  they 
afterward  afor  at  auothre  day  to  that  at 
which  our  that  the  partees  comen  first  to 
gedre  in  court,  the  defendaunte,  if  he 
wolde  say  *  have  law,'  and  by  that  passe 
at  that  journey,  as  afore  it  was  vsed  ;  so 
that  hot  by  '  havelawe  '  to  sey  in  oon  quar- 
ell  be  no  delay e  granted  but  oon  time, 
and  when  be  hath  sayde  '  havelawe  '  finde 
he  plegges,  or  to  put  bis  estatt  in  plega^ ; 
and  if  he  be  ruled  to  come  at  the  next 
court,  saying  as  was  vsed  afore ;  and  if 
than  he  come  not,  he  be  distreyned  by  the 
grete  distresse,  as  it  is  sayde  afore,  till  he 
come,  and  whan  he  cometh,  he  be  mercyd 
if  he  may  not  his  defawtes  save. 

"  And  for  that  that  it  happeneth  other 
while,  that  a  man  pleyneth  him  of  an  othre 
of  a  grete  quantite  of  det,  or  of  grevous 
trespas,  and  he  of  whom  is  pleyned  is  not 
justisable  gnowe  [neither  ?]  by  lands  or 
tenements  nor  by  othre  thinges  that  he 


*  That  is,  let  the  bail  or  pledges  be  taken  in  custody. 


1851.]     illustrated  by  Documents  from  the  Leicester  Archives.      246 


hath  in  the  toun,  at  oon  tyme  selleth  and 
briagethcatelles  into  y*  toun  and  is  by  thoos 
catellea  distreyned  for  to  justifie  him  and  to 
make  delyver  bis  catelles  by  plegges  or  main- 
prenours  to  come  and  to  be  at  right,  aftyr 
he  hath  there  his  plegges  and  his  mainpre- 
nours  in  courte ;  and  if  he  withdrawe  and 
eloyne  his  gods,  [so]  that  no  distres  may 
bee  founde  upon  bim  ;  and  for  that  that 
thoes  pleggs  in  tbat  caas  were  wont  to 
make  the  peas .  ayeinst  the  baillief  of  oon 
y\d,,  or  of  xiiJ.,  of  that  that  they  therhad 
not  as  they  ther  pleynour  or  mainprisoun, 
and  by  that  that  they  shall  pass  quyte  and 
the  plaintyf  lose  so  his  dette  or  his 
amendes  that  he  oughte  to  have ;  upon 
that  it  is  purveyed,  in  that  caas,  if  the 
distres  be  delyuered  by  pleggs  or  maynpre- 
nour  of  eny  if  he  that  is  replevyed  or 
mainprised  noe  come  not  to  be  justified, 
as  ought  to  do,  he  his  borough  or  his 
mainprenours  distreyned  to  have  hym  forth 
if  they  him  might  have,  and  be  they  amer- 
cyed  for  that  tiiat  they  have  him  not,  if 
they  may  not  by  reasonable  excuse  save, 
and  ther  at  the  teste  have  the  things  afore 
that  by  theyr  plenyng  or  the  mainprise 
was  delyvered,  or  the  value. 

**  And  for  that  that  the  vsage  ys  in  the 
toun  that  a  man  that  houldeth  of  the  erle 
in  chief,  may  come  and  to  aske  court  of 
him,  it  appeareath  often  that  aftyr  that  that 
the  partie  in  his  suete  was  long  travelled, 
and  the  court  also  ;  first,  at  y*  begynnyng 
he  hadde  vsed  his  court,  and  demaunde 
his  court,  and  then  he  had  in  that  court 
fro  tbis  tyme  forwarde  made  all  newe  de- 
layes  ;  vpon  it  it  is  now  purveyed,  that  he 
tbat  wool  court  aske,  come  and  ther  aske 
within  the  iii***  court  of  the  p'ole  [parole] 
attached,  and  afore  that  that  the  p'ole  be 
quareled  or  aunsewerd  ;  and  thus  not  lose 
his  court  of  that  quarele  ;  and  afterward, 
whan  he  shall  have  his  court,  make  full 
pleyn  right ;  and  if  he  do  not  come  the 
pleintyf  ayein  at  the  cbief  court,  and  take 
by  xii  men  laufuU  in  what  this  court  to  him 
is  fayled  right,  and  be  the  lord  warned  to 
come  to  here  yat  if  he  wool,  and  his  aduer- 
sarie  also ;  and  if  the  defaute  of  the  court  be 
p'oved,  go  forth  in  the  principall  in  the 
chief  court,  as  it  hath  been  vsed  before. 

"  And  for  tbat  it  was  vsed  afore  this 
tymes,  when  thies  parties  oughte  to  pledde, 
and  the  plaintyf  hadde  said  his  quarell, 
if  the  defendant,  as  often  as  the  parole 
was  out  of  bis  mouthe,  he  oweth  not 
*■  Thwertnay,*'  he  was  holden  as  not  de- 
fendant ;  and  yt  shulde  appere  swareles, 
and  be  was  not  suffred  to  emparle,  nor  to 
aske  counseill,  nor  no  man  tbat  knewe 
thoes  vsage  to  speke  for  him  ;  wberof 
many  thereof  were  loste,  that  knewe  not 
tboes  vsages  ;  vpon  that  is  nowe  purveied, 
that  wban  thoes  parties  appercn  and  owen 


to  pledde,  the  pleintyf  say,  pleinment  his 
quarell,  without  chalenge  or  hoket,  by 
him  self  if  be  knowe,  or  by  an  othere  if  he 
be  avowed,  if  bim  self  ne  knewe ;  so  that 
by  for  getting  of  time,  nor  by  other  cir- 
cumstance [of]  chalenge  the  quarell  be 
not  abated,  but  if  the  defendaunt  aske 
declaracon  of  the  tyme^  or  of  other  thinges 
that  necessarie  is  at  the  pleintyf  for  much 
better  to  be  acerte3nied,  to  aunswer  by  the 
declaracon  made  the  same  owr  without 
chalenge. 

"  Afterward,  whan  the  pleintyf  shall 
have  quarell,  the  defendaunt  have  reson« 
able  espace  to  aunswer,  tbat  he  be  not  sur- 
prized ;  and  if  he  him  woU  counsell  and 
emparle,  do  it  by  leve,  and  come  agein 
and  sey,  that  he  craveth  yt  may  avail  him 
without  cbalen|2^e  or  hoket,  by  him  self  or 
by  an  other  that  is  avowed,  if  him  self 
knowe  not,  and  if  he  trowe  that  his  first 
aunswer  suffiseth  not  sey  othere  thing,  or  if 

he  will  to  troath  hold  and  [ ]  to  take, 

and  if  peraventur  whan  the  pleintyf  shall 
quarell,  the  defendaunt  may  not  with  say 
that  that  be  hath  said  ageinst  bim,  or  be 
woll  not  aunswere,  after  tbat  he  shal  be 
monyshed  by  the  baillief,  if  he  sey  not 
resonable  excuse  for  the  which  he  oweth 
not  to  aunswer,  be  he  as  not  dependaunt 
and  as  swatbeles  as  was  afor  vsed. 

"  And  for  that  that  afor  it  was  vsed, 
that  the  defendaunt  to  the  pleint  of  the 
pleintiff  other  things  to  aunswer,  but  all 
for  to  graunt  or  all  to  sey,  '  Thwertney;* 
and  whan  he  hath  said  '  Nay  he  oweth,' 
to  be  at  his  lawe  himself  vi  bands,  than 
his  aduersarie,  or  a  man  for  him,  shall 
chese  folke  that  shall  not  go  with  him  for 
favor  of  the  othere  partie,  or  for  hatreden 
of  him ;  and  if  he  may  not  his  lawe  make 
with  such  folks  named,  sball  be  atteint  of 
all  the  plee,  were  it  true  or  fals  ;  for  that 
is  purveyed,  first,  in  plee  of  dett,  if  the 
defendaunt  with  say,  and  the  demaundant 
hath  preve  of  his  det,  by  writing,  tale,  or 
by  two  voices,  be  he  receyved  to  prove  hit 
to  do  so,  that  if  he  haue  not  but  a  taile, 
or  by  two  voices,  rise  he  up  first  and 
afterwards  his  witnesse  that  he  brings, 
and  be  they  examined  of  the  hering,  and 
of  the  sight,  thos  witnes,  if  they  were  at 
the  taking  of  the  dette,  or  at  the  making 
of  the  taile,  or  if  they  were  ther  where  tbe 
det  or  the  taile  was  graunted  ;  and,  after 
that  tbat  tbey  preven,  for  to  recouer  bis 
det  or  to  lese  ;  and  be  thies  witness  lau- 
full  people,  and  not  suspect  custumers, 
nor  hired  fals  othes  to  go,  and  if  he  name 
witnes  and  they  for  fauor  or  by  hat  with- 
draw|  them  the  trouth  to  say,  be  they 
distreyned  by  the  baillief  to  come  and  say 
ther  the  trouth  ;  and  also  as  it  is  afor- 
said,  be  they  examyned,  or  if  tbe  parties 
by  assentement  wolde   put  them   in   the 


246 


Municipal  Franchises  of  the  Middle  Ages 


[Sept 


enquest  taken  of  neighbours  that  knowen 
the  trouth  of  this  thing,  be  thenquest 
taken;  and  if  the  pleintyf  haue  not  but 
his  simple  voyce,  be  the  defendaunt  at  his 
lawe  by  as  many  as  the  court  woU  awarde 
of  gode  people  and  laufuU,  not  hyred  nor 
custumers  to  fals  othes  to  go  ;  and  if  he 
do  his  lawe  at  the  day  that  is  gefen  him, 
passe  he  quyt,  and  if  he  faile,  be  atteint 
of  the  pie ;  in  the  same  manner  in  pie  of 
trespas,  if  the  defendant  say  '  Thwertont- 
nay,'  be  he  at  lawe,  and  in  y*  same  maner 
ther  doo. 

"  And  that  no  man  from  hensford  be 
distreyned  to  do  his  lawe  by  folks  named, 
as  was  afor  vsed  ;  and  if  the  defendant,  in 
pie  of  trespas,  woU  pat  him  in  thenquest  of 
hisdede,be  thenquest  take  folks  covenables 
out  taken  his  nusurs  ;  and  if  day  of  then- 
quest  be  gefen,  and  the  defendant  come 
not,  he  be  distreyned  to  be  at  an  oyer 
court,  and  if  at  that  court  he  cometh  not, 
be  thenquest  taken  by  defaut  andjuge- 
ment  gefen  and  execucion  doon. 

"  And  for  that  that  folks  made  banes  in 
the  toun,  bateries,  homesokenoes ;  and 
made  bates  and  were  bold  to  do  it,  for 
that  that  they  had  nought  wberby  they 
myght  be  iustified  of  thies  trespacs  waren 
ayein  the  peace  be  they  justified  by  theyr 
bodies  to  be  at  right  ;  and  if  they  amend 
not  and  be  custumers  to  do  such  outrages, 
be  they  avoided  from  the  toun. 

"  And  for  that  that  attorneys  were  not 
wonte  to  be  taken  bot  in  court,  in  pre- 
sence of  the  parties,  and  that  for  the 
pleintyf  oonly,  wher  noon  of  the  people 
shuld  lose  theyr  othre  neds  or  theyr  plees 
hit  is  purveyed,  that  the  oon  partee  or 
tothr  that  woll,  may  make  attorney  ;  and 
this  aswele  in  the  absence  of  his  adversary 
as  in  his  presence,  and  that  the  attorney 
be  reseyved  in  his  stede,  to  do  asmuch  as 
him  selfe  shulde  do,  but  oonly  to  the  lawe 
to  do, — that  is  for  to  sey,  in  pies  that  by 
attorney  may  be  pleted,  and  that  afore  ii 
juriez,  that  the  attorney  may  witnesse  if 
nede  be. 

"  And  for  that  that  it  was  vsed  that  the 
plaintyf  myght  make  iii  defawts,  and  yen 
at  the  the  last  goo  forth  in  his  plee,  hit  is 
purveyed  that  if  the  plaintyf  say  not  his 
plee  at  the  dayes  that  be  geven  him,  be  he 
amercied,  and  his  pleggs  to  suy,  if  he  had 
pleggs,  and  his  adu'sary  at  the  same  day 
pas  without  day  by  his  default. 

"  And  for  that  that  oon  vsage  was  in 
the  toun,  that  if  a  man  playned  him  of  an 
oyr,  asmuch  as  while  his  pleynt  was  hang- 
ing, his  aduersary  of  no  pleynt  wherof  he 
him  pleyned  of  him  shulde  be  hvd  ; 
wherof  it  happened  often  that  a  man  had 
beton  an  othr,  if  he  that  had  the  wrong 
done  myght  come  afor  the  baillief  and 
pleineth  him,  and  he  that  all  the  damage 


had  receyved  cam  afor  and  pleyned  him 
that  ther  he  shulde  not  have  hering  for 
the  pleynt  of  the  othr,  upon  that  it  is 
purveyed,  that  euery  man  in  his  pleynt 
ayenst  other  be  herd,  and  eury  man  to 
stande  at  right  ayenst  oyer  as  right  woll 
have. 

**  And  thof  by  that  vsage  that  was 
called  holsak  a  man  to  be  delayed  of  his 
right  to  sue,  and  for  that  that  those  mer- 
chants were  often  at  grete  fayres  of  the 
land,  hit  was  vsed  that  as  soon  as  the  grete 
fayres  were  up  no  plee  was  holden,  no 
more  of  them  that  were  at  home  than  of 
them  that  were  at  the  fayres,  hit  is  nowe 
purveyed,  that  the  courts  be  holden  and 
rightwisness  be  doon  of  thenn,  of  theym 
that  been  at  home  ;  and  they  that  at  fayres 
been,  be  essoyned  by  the  fayres,  that  is 
for  to  sey,  by  thoes  fayces  wherof  a  soyne 
was  wonte  to  be  afore  yees  owres  ;  if  so 
be  not  at  they  that  at  fayres  been  afore 
theyV  going  ther  have  made  attorney  that 
theyr  right  may  suy  or  defend. 

**  And  for  that  that  a  man  was  wont  to 
distreyn  neghbor  for  neghbor  to  have  him 
forth,  it  is  nowe  purveyed  that  no  man  be 
distreyned  for  other  if  he  wer  not  his 
plegge  or  his  mainpernour  or  other  reason , 
befor  the  which  he  oweth  to  be  distreyned 
for  him. 

*'  It  is  commanded  also  that  the  mayor 
and  all  his  juriez  that  in  toun  be,  if 
they  have  not  resonable  letting,  be  at  the 
plees  and  to  do  right  and  to  gdf  jugement. 

"  And  if  a  man  be  amercied,  be  the 
amerciament  taxed  the  same  day,  or  that 
morne ;  and  that  by  juriez  after  theyr  godi 
and  his  trespas,  and  not  at  the  will  of  the 
baillief;  nor  no  jurate-nor  baillief  that 
right  oweth  to  do,  or  jugement  to  gef,  be 
a  maintener  of  the  plee,  nor  teller,  if  that 
be  not  for  him  self  or  his  aliez,  and  thin 
syt  not  he  at  the  jugement. 

*'  And  for  that  that  other  whiles  comen 
nedys  in  the  toun  wherof  the  people  were 
not  warned,  than  they  behoved  to  lende 
money,  brede,  and  wyne,  and  othr  things 
they  went  and  borowed  of  sume  men  that 
that  was  theyr  neds,  and  after  they  evyll 
quyted,  they  agayn  at  theyr  will  and  to 
the  harmes  of  the  creansour ;  for  that  it 
is  ordeyned  and  purveyed,  if  eny  thing 
from  henseforthward  be  borowed  to  the 
vse  of  the  toun,  assoon  a  taile  thereof  be 
made  to  the  lenner,  and  he  have  his  dett 
aquited  within  xl  dayes  next  sueng  ;  and 
if  that  he  haue  not  come,  he  to  whom  the 
det  is  due  at  the  first  portmanmote  after 
those  xl  dayes  and  aske  his  det.  And  if 
the  det  be  not  paied  to  him  after  that 
asking,  within  viii  dayes  suying,  woll  he 
go  to  the  baillief  of  the  castell,  that  at 
his  shewing  he  as  soon  to  him  make  levye 
his  det  of  the  comyn,  to  gad  re  with  the 


1851.]     illustrated  hy  Documents  from  the  Leicester  Archives,       247 


domages  that  he  hath  had,  for  the  which 
holding  if  they  may  not  reasonable  exca- 
sacion  shewe  for  the  which  the  det  hath 
been  ao  long  be  hind. 

"  It  is  purveyed  also  for  taillages,  of 
thoes  menny  hath  beene  well  withholden 
and  conceyled,  and  thoes  pore  allwey  paied 
and  the  grete  were  fauored,  that  if  it 
happened  that  tallages  for  comyn  neds 
of  the  toun  behoven  to  be  made,  that 
tayllage  made  by  the  most  lanfull  of  the 
toun,  and  that  best  knowen  those  eses  of 
the  people  by  theyr  othe,  aft  the  quantite 
of  the  thing  that  behoveth  to  be  leved, 
and  after  the  cases  of  eny  man  yat  taylage 
shalbere,  and  that  taylage  fully  by  the 
mayr  and  them  that  hee  shall  comaund,  be 
leveed  as  much  as  may  bee  ufor,  and  that 
non  other  be  set ;  and  if  any  remayn  over, 
be  it  put  in  the  comyn  purs,  enseeled  of  ii 
seales,  of  two  of  the  worthiest  men  of  the 
comen ;  and  euery  year  make  to  yelde  ac- 
oompt  of  taillages  set  or  assised,  to  have 
that  that  is  leved,  and  that  that  is  behind, 
and  wher  the  things  been  dispended,  and 
that  accompt  be  gefen  by  the  mayr  and 
the  collectors  of  the  comon,  or  by  theym 
that  put  in  theyr  stede ;  and  if  they  with- 
drawe  to  gef  accompt,  be  they  justified  to 
do  that  by  the  baillief  of  the  castell. 

"  It  is  purveyed  also  that  if  rent  or 
service  of  land,  or  of  tenement,  be  due  unto 
the  lord,  or  to  eny  other,  and  his  fee  to 
him  be  forclosed  by  wall,  or  by  hegge, 
or  by  hous,  that  the  baillief  or  the  lord 
may  not  enter  to  his  fee,  to  distreyn  for 
his  service  that  is  behind,  be  it  lawful  to 
the  baillief  or  to  the  lord  to  make  his 
entre,  and  thrugh  oot  to  distreyn,  till  he 
have  his  service,  and  wall  or  pales  to 
pierce,  if  the  tenaunt  make  him  not  entre ; 
out  that  be  first  shewed  in  the  court  of  the 
toun,  and  a  suyt  asked,  and  afterwards 
they  maken  oth  if  they  that  ought  right 
to  have. 

'*  After  that  that  of  old  tyme  hath  been 
vsed,  those  othre  fraunchessez  of  the 
toun  aforesaid,  and  those  vsages  and  re- 
sonables  as  afor  have  been  vsed,  remayn 
stable ;  and  that  all  thoes  things  aforsaid 
been  establed  to  the  remenent,  the  forsaid 
Sir  Edmund  to  this  writing  bath  pot  his 
seall.  Also,  with  the  seal  of  the  commen 
of  the  toun  of  Leycester  aforesaid.     Dat. 

These  regulations,  made  nearly  six 
hundred  years  ago,  demonstrate  that 
an  earlier  system  of  local  jurispru- 
dence, having  reference  to  debts  and 
trespasses,  was  in  force,  but  that  it 
possessed  defects.  It  may  be  of  ser- 
vice to  this  inquiry  if  the  regulations 
here  obscurely  set  forth  be  briefly  ex- 
plained. 


The  old  mode  of  doing  justice  was, 
it  appears,  slow — ^half  a  year,  or  a 
whole  year,  sometimes  intervening  be- 
tween the  making  of  a  complaint  and 
the  appearance  of  the  defendant,  who, 
keeping  himself  out  of  the  way,  and 
concealing  his  goods  in  chambers,  there 
was  no  mode  by  which  he  might  be 
compelled  to  appear.  To  remedy  this 
injustice  it  was  provided  that  the  de- 
fendant should  be  summoned  to  the 
portmote  at  its  earliest  court  day  "  by 
witness  of  the  neighbour" — that  is, 
bv  proclamation  made  or  information 

given  to  the  surrounding  neighbour- 
ood,  and,  after  that,  if  uie  defendant 
did  not  appear,  a  simple  distraint  was 
made  upon  him ;  after  which,  if  he  still 
made  default,  he  was  obliged  to  find 
sureties  for  his  appearance.  It  seems 
there  were  twa  kinds  of  distress,  the 
simple  and  the  great  distress ;  the  issue 
of  obstinate  recusancy  in  appearing 
being  the  levying  of  considerable  fines 
both  upon  himself  and  his  sureties. 

By  tne  next  regulation  the  defend- 
ant's pledges  were  to  be  apprehended 
if  they  did  not  compel  him  to  appear 
in  court  to  answer  for  himself,  and  it 
was  provided,  that,  whereas  before  the 
date  of  the  changes  here  described  a 
debtor  might,  in  answer  to  a  plaint, 
say  **  havelaw,"  and  thus  postpone  a 
case  indefinitely,  without  finding  sure- 
ties, it  was  now  arranged  that  this 
dilatory  plea  should  only  avail  to  the 
postponement  of  a  cause  until  the  next 
court,  and  that  if  the  defendant  had 
recourse  to  this  plea,  he  was  bound 
to  find  sureties,  or  leave  his  property 
in  pledge  for  his  punctual  appearance 
at  the  succeeding  court. 

It  had  occasionally  happened  that  a 
trader  would  fraudulently  remove  his 
goods  out  of  the  burgh  to  avoid  pay- 
ment of  the  demands  upon  him,  and 
his  pledges  would  also  escape  compa- 
ratively scot  free,  by  a  payment  of 
expenses  or  a  shilling  to  the  bailifi*; 
this  evil  was  met  by  falling  upon  the 
pledges,  by  distraint,  until  they  pro- 
duced the  debtor. 

The  earFs  tenants  in  capite  could 
sue  first  in  this  court,  and  afterwards 
in  the  earl's  court,  which  led  to  great 
trouble  and  delay.  This  was  to  be 
remedied  by  providing  that  if  a  suitor 
desired  to  appeal  to  the  earFs  court  he 
must  do  so  '*  within  the  third  court.** 
The  next  regulation  provides  a  re- 


248 


Municipal  Franchises  of  the  Middle  Ages. 


[Sept. 


medj  for  an  irregular  usage  in  re- 
ference to  the  old  custom  of  a  defend- 
ant having  recourse  to  the  wager  of 
law  in  an  action  for  debt.  The  de- 
fendant was  in  the  habit  of  interrupt- 
ing the  plaintiff,  by  exclaiming  from 
time  to  time  "Thwertnay" — he  did  not 
owe  the  debt — to  the  discomfiture  of 
plaintiffs  who  were  not  acquainted  with 
the  practice,  and  occasionally  to  their 
unjust  defeat  in  cases  in  which  the 
wager  of  law  was  not  applicable.  This 
was  put  an  end  to  by  regulations  which 
secured  the  plaintiff  an  uninterrupted 
hearing,  and  prescribed  the  mode  in 
which  the  defendant  should  answer. 

The  succeeding  passages  in  the  do- 
cument relate  to  the  compulsory  ex- 
pulsion from  the  town  of  Leicester 
of  persons  who  were  bold  to  make 
"  bates,  batteries,  and  hamsockens  ;" 
which  last  word  means  the  assaulting 
of  men  in  their  own  houses — a  very 
serious  offence  in  the  estimation  of  our 
ancestors ;  to  the  appointment  of  at- 
tomies  to  conduct  legal  business  in 
the  borough  court ;  the  abatement  of 
suits  in  case  the  plaintiff  made  default ; 
the  abrogation  of  a  rule  against  the 
institution  of  cross-suits,  under  which 
rule  it  oflen  happened  that  if  a  man 
had  beaten  another  the  sufferer  was 
prevented  suing  his  adversary  for  da- 
mages, by^  the  institution  of  a  suit 
agamst  him  by  the  wrong  doer;  for 
the  abrogation  of  a  regulation  by  which 
courts  were  not  to  iS  held  whilst  the 
merchants  were  "  at  the  great  fairs  of 
the  land;"  for  the  abolition  of  the 
custom  of  distraining  "  neighbour  for 
neighbour  ;'*  to  provide  a  remedy  for 
those  who  on  the  occasion  of  a  sudden 
emergency,  either  of  a  public  or  private 
kind  (as,  for  example,  the  arrival  of 
any  distinguished  person  in  the  town) 
borrowed  money,  bread,  or  wine  of 
their  neighbours,  and  did  not  repay 
within  forty  days ;  for  the  fair  assess- 
ment of  public  levies,  so  that  the  great 
were  to  be  no  longer  favoured,  whilst 
the  poor  were  compelled  to  pay  ;  and 
finally,  to  enable  the  lord^s  bailiff  to 
break  down  walls,  or  to  pierce  pales, 
in  order  to  effect  a  distress  for  rent  or 
service. 

It  will  have  been  observed  that  the 

power  of  altering  the  local  laws,  in  all 

the  cases  before-mentioned,  proceeded 

•from  the  earl,  who  appears  to  have 

possessed  an  almost  supreme  authority 

3 


within  his  domains.  He  was  the  sove- 
reign over  his  burgesses  of  Leicester 
and  elsewhere.  The  assent  of  the 
mayor  and  burgesses  and  all  the 
commons  of  Leicester  to  the  amend- 
ments was  however  necessary,  or  at 
least  recognised.  The  picture  of  the 
state  of  the  times,  reflected  by  these 
regulations,  is  not  without  instruction 
and  meaning.  We  see  in  the  Guild- 
hall the  mayor  and  jurors  sitting  on 
the  bench,  administering  justice  in  con- 
formity with  old  and  well-understood 
maxims,  improved  in  accordance  with 
the  improving  sentiments  of  the  towns- 
men, and  respecting  alike  what  was 
due  to  debtors  and  creditors.  They 
were  the  independent  magistracy  of 
the  people,  chosen  by  them,  and  sworn 
to  do  right  to  rich  and  poor. 

There  is  sufficient  in  the  foregoine 
statements  to  prove,  that  in  the  guild 
and  the  portmanmote  the  inhabitants 
of  Leicester  exercised  a  jurisdiction 
distinct  and  independent  of  that  of 
the  earl  or  any  otner  authority ;  and 
that  they  possessed  a  self-supporting 
municipal  system,  of  an  essentially  de- 
mocratic character. 

The  growth  of  privileges  and  the 
acquirement  of  full  freedom  were  how- 
ever gradual,  as  a  retrospective  view 
of  their  history,  contained  in  the 
charters  granted  to  the  townsmen,  will 
show.  The  first  of  these,  conceded  by 
Robert  Earl  of  Mellent,  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  I.  confirms  to  the  **  merchants 
of  Leicester**  their  guild-merchant, 
with  all  the  other  customs  they  held  in 
the  time  of  the  Conqueror  and  William 
Rufus.  The  right  of  deciding  pleas 
in  the  Portmanmote  was  either  con- 
ferred or  restored  by  the  same  earl, 
with  permission  to  gather  wood  in  the 
forest  near  Leicester.  At  this  time 
the  condition  of  the  burgesses  was 
servile,  or  partially  so,  since  they  were 
bound  to  reap  the  earl's  corn.  The 
son  of  the  Earl  of  Mellent,  Robert 
Bossu,  remitted  the  payment  of  a  local 
levy,  called  "  gavelpennies,"  which  the 
burgesses  raised,  by  agreement  with  the 
earl,  in  return  for  the  establishment 
of  their  portmanmote.  A  disastrous 
siege  took  place  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
II.  which  led  to  the  levelling  of  the 
defences  of  the  town,  and  its  depopu- 
lation. In  the  reign  of  John  it  became 
again  the  home  of  a  merchant  and 
trading  population,  and  that  monarch 


1851.] 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


249 


granted  to  the  burgesses  (Dec.  26, 
1199)  the  right  of  passing  throughout 
the  country  with  their  merchandise, 
without  impediment,  on  payment  of 
the  royal  dues  only ;  and  he  also  con- 
ceded that  all  sales  and  purchases  of 
land,  made  and  enrolled  m  the  PorU 
manmote^  should  remain  firm  and 
stable.  About  the  same  date,  Robert 
Blanchmains,  the  son  of  the  last-named 
earl,  confirmed  the  grants  of  his  pre- 
decessors, permitting  the  townsmen  to 
enjoy  theur  gild  priyileges  «'more 
peaceably  and  more  nonourably  ^  than 
they  had  done  in  his  fathers  time. 
Robert  Fitzpamel  was  the  third  in 
descent  from  the  Earl  of  Mellent.  The 
servile  obligations  of  the  earlier  bur- 
gesses had,  before  his  time,  been  su- 
perseded by  a  money  payment  to  the 
earl,  and  thus  their  station  was  first 
raised  from  that  of  virtual  serfdom. 
Fitzparnel  abandoned  this  payment, 
with  that  levied  on  cows  for  straying, 
and  another  imposed  on  those  who  took 
their  corn  to  be  ground  elsewhere  than 
at  the  town-mill.  He  also  gave  or  con- 
firmed pasturage  rights  (probably  of 
more  ancient  date)  to  the  burgesses. 
In  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
Simon  de  Montfort,  yielding  to  and  per- 


haps sharing  in  the  popular  hatred  of  the 
Jews,  gave  the  burgesses  a  charter  for 
the  exclusion  of  that  persecuted  body 
from  Leicester  even  until  the  end  of 
time ;  and,  finding  that  the  townsmen 
were  suffering  ill  effects  from  the 
law  of  descent,  by  which  the  last- 
bom  son  inherited  a  burgess*s  pro- 
perty, he  altered  it  so  as  to  confer  the 
ri^ht  on  the  first-bom.  In  subsequent 
reigns,  and  by  successive  earls,  these 
pnvileges  and  usages  were  confirmed. 
When  the  burgesses  were  called  upon 
to  send  two  of  their  number  to  parlia- 
ment, they  of  course  acquired  increased 
power  and  importance;  parliament 
soon  vested  duties  and  authority  in  the 
mayors  and  aldermen  of  all  boroughs, 
previously  unknown,  -  and  thus  the 
mere  head  of  a  guild  became  clothed 
with  magisterial  functions,  and  was 
legally  recognised  as  the  supreme  chief 
of  the  community  among  whom  he 
lived. 

The  subsequent  development  of  the 
municipal  system,  and  cnanges  in  its 
arrangements,  would  prove  interesting 
to  the  historical  inquirer,  but  would 
occupy  too  much  of  your  space. 
X  ours,  &c.     James  Thompson. 


ULRICH  VON  HUTTEN. 
Part  I. 

YOUTHFUL  ADVENTURES  :  1488 — 1514. 


THE  Germans  have  lately  been  con- 
soling themselves  for  their  present 
want  of  great  men  by  reviving  in  a 
thousand  shapes  the  memory  and  the 
deeds  of  the  mighty  spirits  who  in  bjr- 
gone  ages  made  their  country  illustri- 
ous. That  strange  and  mystic  dream  of 
a  coming  regeneration  which  has  en- 
tranced the  heart  of  every  European 
community  has  flooded  the  German 
mind  with  its  magical  glare,  but  in- 
stead of  inspiring  resolve  has  diffused 
a  painful  and  cowardly  consciousness 
of  incapacity.  The  Germans  stand 
aghast  at  their  own  bold  conception  of 
a  transfigured  Germany — a  Germany 
worthy  of  the  noble  Teutonic  race ;  a 
Germany  embodying  that  primordial 
idea  which  is  the  main  food  of  Grer- 
man  enthusiasm,  unity,  but  which 
perhaps   the  Germans,  neither  being 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


inflamed  by  the  fierce  political  pas- 
sion of  the  French,  nor  armed  with 
the  persistent  political  energy  of  the 
English,  are  of  all  men  the  most  un- 
fitted to  build  into  a  triumphant  fact. 
The  Germans  have  too  much  philoso- 
phical breadth  to  have  political  inten- 
sity. They  are  too  much  at  home  in 
the  universe  to  burn  with  exclusive 
and  valiant  zeal  for  the  fatherland :  pa- 
triotism in  its  entire  truth  and  force  is 
a  bigotry,  a  fanaticism,  into  which  for 
good  or  for  evil  those  are  least  likely 
to  rush  whose  communion  is  most  with 
the  infinite.  The  most  unideal  are 
perhaps  the  most  patriotic  nations; 
they  cling  to  the  soil  the  more  tena- 
ciously the  nearer  their  eyes  and  their 
hands  are  to  it.  He  who  looks  too 
much  at  the  stars  forgets  the  perfume 
of  the  flowers,  and  he  to  whom  the 

2K 


250 


Ulrich  von  Hutten, 


[Sept. 


perfume  of  the  flowers  is  the  oldest 
and  newest  and  dearest  of  delights 
cares  not  if  the  stars  be  hidden.  It  is 
well  then  that  nations  too  prosaically 
practical  should  have  infused  into  them 
an  ideal  leaven;  their  developement 
will  thus  be  less  fashioned  and  deter- 
mined by  casual  accidents  and  hard 
despotic  necessities  and  have  more 
of  geniality  and  comprehensiveness; 
while  it  is  equally  well  that  nations 
enchanted  and  giddy  with  the  poetry 
of  the  ideal  should  be  scourged  by 
direct  disaster  and  learn  from  dullest, 
harshest,  most  ordinary  experience 
lessons  of  direct  and  manly  daring, 
little  likely  to  be  taught  by  the  ro- 
mantic visions  of  the  fancy.  What- 
ever idealisms  therefore  you  pour  into 
the  soul  of  the  English,  enrich,  enlarge, 
exalt,  and  harmonize  the  unfolding  of 
forces  which  are  too  apt  to  be  frittered 
down  into  paltry  details  or  chained  to 
the  meagre  •  routine  of  every-day  inci- 
dents or  turned  into  a  slavish  com- 
mentary on  the  chapter  of  chances. 
On  the  other  hand,  by  hurling  the 
Germans  from  the  cloudy  pinnacle  of 
idealisms  whence  they  send  forth  their 
audacious  doubts,  and  by  bringing 
them  face  to  face  with  the  most  com- 
mon-place duties  in  their  most  com- 
mon-place forms,  sharpening  at  the 
same  time  their  sense  of  earth  by 
making  them  taste  to  the  dregs  its  cup 
of  keenest  agonies,  you  are  doing  for 
them  a  signal  service  and  adopting  the 
only  mode  by  which  they  can  be  en- 
abled to  achieve  the  noblest  objects  of 
a  patriotic  ambition.  Except  in  so  far 
then  as  they  are  accumulating  ma- 
terials for  future  historians  and  biogra- 
phers, we  are  not  sure  that  the  Ger- 
mans are  performing  a  very  profitable 
work  in  summoning  from  the  tomb 
their  glorious  dead.  Those  who  idealize 
the  future  are  equally  prone  to  idealize 
the  past;  and  the  zeal  which  the 
Germans  have  recently  displayed  for 
the  fame  of  their  saints  and  heroes  is 
only  one  of  their  numberless  idealisms, 
one  of  the  rainbowed  vapours  of  their 
imagination.  It  does  not  render  them 
more  capable  of  being  saints  and  heroes 
themselves.  It  aids  but  to  make  them 
Hamlets  among  the  nations,  and  to  toss 
them  in  the  bewildering  whirl  of  cease- 
less irresolution.  Viewed  through 
their  transforming  vision  their  great 
men  of  vanished  centuries  are  as  much 


unrealities  as  the  scenes  and  circum- 
stances which  they  expect  to  herald 
and  accompany  their  social  and  politi- 
cal redemption.  It  is  not  wonderful, 
therefore,  that  German  biography, 
though  written  with  the  profoundest 
knowledge  and  most  scrupulous  fidelity, 
should  wear  an  aspect  of  romance 
which  we  find  in  no  other.  But  for  the 
dates  given,  we  should  doubt  whether 
those  whose  career  is  recorded  ever 
lived.  They  flit  past  us  like  shadows, 
and  we  have  but  a  dim  sense  that  they 
were  once  human  beings  even  as  we  are. 

It  is  but  natural  that  the  Grermans, 
so  inclined  to  inaction,  should  turn  for 
subjects  of  biographical  interest  to 
their  season  of  grandest  action — the 
Reformation.  That  majestic  period,  if 
it  rebukes  their  indolence,  affords  them 
boundless  scope  for  those  illusions  of 
the  ideal  which  are  as  the  marrow  of 
their  mind.  Then  at  least  Germany 
was  bold  and  strong,  full  of  fecund 
l^p,  rich  in  stalwart  enterprise.  To 
the  Frenchman  his  first  mighty  revo- 
lution was  a  deliverance  from  political 
thraldom ;  to  the  Englishman  the  civil 
war  which  ended  in  the  overthrow  of 
Charles  the  First  was  a  struggle  not 
merely  for  political  deliverance,  but 
for  religious  freedom ;  to  the  German 
however  the  Reformation  offered  the 
threefold  aspect  of  political  deliverance, 
of  religious  disenthralment,  and  of  in- 
tellectual emancipation.  It  is  the  most 
universal,  the  most  broadly  human 
fact  in  the  history  of  any  people. 
Hence  its  double  charm  for  the  soul  of 
the  German,  inasmuch  as  while  thril- 
ling him  with  rapture  as  an  outpour- 
ing of  miraculous  energy  it  satisfies 
the  most  genial  of  his  Catholic  ten- 
dencies. Other  countries  have  had 
reforms  profound  and  complete ;  but 
he  feels  as  if  he  alone  had  been  gifted, 
generous,  and  magnanimous  enough  to 
create  a  Reformation.  It  is  not  won- 
derful therefore  that  the  grave,  the 
true,  and  the  noble  who  gave  the  Re- 
formation birth,  and  who  worked  out 
its  grandest  results,  should  seem  angels 
and  archangels  radiant  and  armed  with 
the  immediate  inspiration  of  heaven. 
Perhaps  no  mortals  called  to  sublimest 
actions  have  ever  been  so  sublimely 
consecrated  in  a  nation*s  gratitude  and 
affection. 

Of  those  on  whom  Germany  has 
thus  been  pouring  her  holiest  aamira- 


1851.] 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


251 


tion  some  art  ftoniliar  to  English  ears ; 
others  are  aoiuraely  known  even   by 
name.   Among  the  latter  is  Ulrich  von 
Hutten,  whom  the  more  erudite  of  our 
readers  may  have  encountered  in  their 
excursions  into  the  byeways  of  lite- 
rature, ^ecially  if  they  have  read  the 
famous  £pistolse  Obsourorum  Yiro- 
rum,  of  which  he  is  iupposed  to  have 
been  one  of  the  authors.    If  Luther 
was  par  excellence  the  prophet  of  the 
Reformation,  Ulrich  von  Hutten  was 
as  eminently  its  knisht,  its  graceful 
and  gallant  paladin.  A  scholar,  a  poet, 
a  soldier,  a  patriot,  a  battler  with  pen 
and  with  sword  for  religious  freedom 
and  the  dearest  rights  of  humanity,  he 
deserves  the  homage  of  all  men  giflted 
with  kindred  faculties  and  fighting  with 
weapons  as  various  for  kindred  ejects. 
There  are  men  whom  we  hesitate  to 
call  great  who  seize  us  with  a  keener 
sympathy,  who  envelope  us  with  a 
warmer  enthusiasm  than  the  greatest, 
and  who  perhaps  have  only  been  pre- 
vented from  attaining  greatness  by  the 
prodigious  diversity  of  their  talents 
and   acquirements.    To  be  near  the 
first  in  a  multitude  of  things  is  the 
way  never  to  be  the  first  in  anything. 
Greatness  is  frequently  as    much   a 
limitation  as  an  expenditure  of  power. 
Ulrich  von   Hutten  would  therefore 
be  a  great  man  if  he  did  not  dazzle 
and  overwhelm  us  at  so  many  points. 
But  what  he  wants  of  the  unity  that 
constitutes  greatness  he  makes  up  in 
attractiveness.      And,   deeming    that 
England  will  not  be  indifierent  to  the 
character  and  the  actions  of  one  who 
resembles  in  chivalrous  honour  and  in 
intellectual  beauty  as  well  as  in  other 
respects  her  own   Sir  Philip  Sidney, 
we  shall  present  an  unpretending  nar- 
rative of  Ulrich  von  Uutten*s  career, 
borrowing  largely,  both  in  substance 
and  in  words,  from  a  small  volume  by 
August  BUrck,  the  most  recent  of  his 
biographers.     The  collected  edition  of 
Hutten^s  works  which  came  out  in  six 
volumes  from  1821  to  1827,  under  the 
elaborate  and  affectionate  care  of  Pro- 
fessor Miinch,  will  afford  us  a  few  valu- 
able hints,  the  introduction  and  notes 
containing  much  important  informa- 
tion. 

Ulbich  von  Hutten  was  born  on 
the  2 1st  April,  1488,  at  Steckelburg, 
the  castle  of  his  family,  which  was 
situated  a  few  miles  to  the  south  of 


Fulda,  and  which  now  lies  in  ruins. 
It  stood  on  a  high  rock  close  to  the 
banks  of  the  Mayne.  Ulrich  sprang 
from  an  ancient  and  distinguished  race, 
a  race  prolific  in  valiant  warriors  and 
wise  statesmen,  many  of  whom  had 
been  in  the  service  of  the  imperial 
house.  He  had  that  pride  of  birth 
which  is  a  natural,  and,  on  the  whole, 
in  spite  of  its  errors  and  exaggera- 
tions, an  elevating  sentiment.  His 
father,  whose  name  was  also  Ulrich,  to 
his  considerable  wealth  brought  the 
ornament  of  military  renown  acquired 
in  the  armies  of  the  Emperor  Maxi- 
milian. His  mother  was  called  Ottilia ; 
an  Eberstein,  she  likewise  was  of  noble 
blood.  Notable  for  tenderness  and 
piety,  her  son  loved  her  with  truest, 
fondest  hearty  and  he  oflen  lamented 
that  his  wandering,  unsettled,  perilous 
life  gave  her  so  much  anxiety  and 
grief.  She  had  besides  Ulrich  three 
sons  and  two  daughters.  Ulrich*s 
father  had  all  knightlv  qualities ;  but 
in  temper  he  was  violent  and  in  de- 
meanour stern,  and  as  Ulrich  was  di- 
minutive in  stature  and  weak  in  body 
his  father  conceived  for  him  a  sort  of 
contempt.  He  could  not  help  seeing 
however  that  the  boy  had  much  vivacity 
and  intelligence.  He  therefore  con- 
cluded that  Ulrich,  though  unfit  to 
undergo  a  soldier^s  dangers  and  fatigues, 
might  attain  eminence  as  an  ecclesi- 
astic. No  decision  could  have  been 
more  welcome  to  the  affectionate 
mother.  The  neighbouring  monastery 
of  Fulda  was  deemed  a  suitable  place 
for  Ulrich's  education  as  a  priest,  for 
the  abbot  was  an  old  friend  of  his 
father,  and  flattered  the  latter  with  the 
idea  that  a  child  of  such  quick  part« 
•and  such  an  appetite  for  Knowledge 
might  ultimately  nimself  become  abbot, 
or  reach  even  loflier  dignities.  Ulrich 
accordingly  entered  the  school  of  the 
monastery  in  his  eleventh  year. 

The  abbot,  in  an  age  of  exceeding 
laxity,  was  a  strict  disciplinarian,  and 
if  he  could  not  always  fill  the  mind  of 
those  entrusted  to  his  charge  with 
devout  thoughts  he  did  his  best  to 
keep  them  constantly  occupied  with 
ascetic  exercises.  If  he  could  not  di- 
vorce them  completelv  from  carnal 
phantasies,  he  attempted  all  in  his  power 
to  sever  them  from  carnal  sights  and 
sounds.  The  abbot's  severity  was  pro- 
bably not  much  to  Ulrich's  taste;  but 


252 


l/lrich  von  Hutten. 


[Sept 


there  were  several  learned  men  in  the 
monastery  from  whose  instructions  he 
abundantly  profited.  In  all  sciences 
at  that  time  known  his  progress  was 
rapid,  and  he  became  deeply  read  in 
the  Scriptures  as  well  as  in  the  works 
of  the  Greeks  and  Romans.  The  abbot 
was  delighted  with  his  diligence  as  a 
studenl,  and  grew  thereby  the  more 
desirous  that  the  youth  should  cast  the 
world  for  ever  behind  him  and  put  on 
the  monk*s  cowl.  But,  however  keen 
the  relish  of  Ulrich  for  the  acquire- 
ments of  the  scholar,  he  had  a  perti- 
nacious dislike  for  the  profession  of  a 
monk,  and  the  more  warmly  his  pa- 
rents and  the  abbot  urged  him  to 
embrace  it  the  more  strenuously  he 
resisted. 

A  Suabian  knif^ht,  Eitelwolf  von 
Stein,  an  accomplished  and  eminent 
man,  who  was  intimate  with  Ulrich*s 
father,  and  who  sometimes  visited  the 
Abbot  of  Fulda,  soon  saw  how  unfit 
Ulrich  was  for  that  tranquil  and  inglo- 
rious life  to  which  his  relations  wished 
to  condemn  him,  and  that  it  would  be 
a  crime  and  a  blunder  to  bury  so 
active  and  adventurous  a  spirit  within 
the  narrow  range  of  cloister  walls. 
He  remonstrated  with  the  abbot  on 
the  absurdity  of  persevering  in  the 
plan.  The  remonstrance  was  in  vain. 
When  Ulrich  perceived  a  determina- 
tion to  carry  matters  to  extremities, 
he  escaped  from  the  monastery  in  1504, 
being  tnen  in  his  sixteenth  year,  and 
went  to  Erfurt,  where  at  that  time 
there  was  an  academy  of  some  note. 
At  Erfurt  he  met  an  acquaintance, 
Crotus  Rubianus,  whose  German  ap- 
pelative  was  Johannes  Jager,  but  who 
had  followed  the  custom  at  that  time 
common  among  literary  men  of  as-^ 
suming  a  Greek  or  Latin  name.  Crotus 
joined  to  profound  scholarship  a  sharp 
wit  and  a  brilliant  imagination,  and  in 
his  Latin  poetrv  he  lashed  with  bit- 
terest ridicule  the  vices  and  follies  of 
the  monks,  their  bigotry,  their  igno- 
rance, and  their  hypocrisy.  He  was 
some  years  older  than  Hutten,  but 
this  did  not  hinder  the  closest  friend- 
ship from  arising  between  them ;  a 
friendship  which  continued  till  Hut- 
ten*s  death.  Crotus,  devoted  to  his 
friend  with  all  the  warmth  of  affection, 
was  of  much  use  to  him  in  extending 
the  ran|^e  and  directing  the  course  of 
his  studies.     He  also  mtroduced  him 


to  other  young  men,  their  fellow-sta- 
dents,  who,  glad  with  hope  and  in- 
spired by  honourable  ambition  and  it 
dream  of  the  fatherland's  glory,  were 
storing  their  minds  and  preparing  for 
future  triumphs.  Among  them  was 
Eoban  Hess,  subsequently  one  of  the 
most  famous  Latin  poets  of  his  time. 
These  brave  and  generous  youths, 
destined  afterwards  to  play  a  memo- 
rable part  in  the  grandest  scenes  of 
the  Reformation,  were  at  this  time 
nourishing  their  souls  with  the  deep 
thoughts,  the  wise  sayings,  the  divine 
poetic  utterances  of  the  ancients,  and 
with  those  new  lights  of  puissant 
science  which  were  breaking  forth 
wherever  they  glanced.  Unknown  of 
them  ail  and  greater  than  them  all 
dwelt  at  that  time  likewise  in  Erfurt 
one  disguised  in  the  unseemly  garb  of 
a  monk,  one  who  ere  many  years  was 
to  shake  the  world  with  his  thunder 
tones  and  to  make  them  and  millions 
more  mad  with  enthusiasm ;  Martin 
Luther,  contrary  to  his  father's  wish, 
had  torn  himself  away  from  the  things 
of  earth ;  be  had  bidden  a  solemn, 
and  as  it  seemed,  an  eternal  farewell 
to  its  joys  and  temptations,  and  in  the 
silence  and  solitude  of  a  monastery 
was  striving  to  subdue  the  fierceness, 
and  calm  the  tumult,  of  his  passions, 
and  through  scholastic  skill  and  theo- 
logical casuistry  to  cleave  his  way  to 
the  secrets  and  raptures  of  a  higher 
life. 

As  in  consec^uence  of  Ulrich's  flight 
from  Fulda  his  father  refused  any 
longer  to  support  him,  he  was  obliged 
to  depend  for  subsistence  on  the  gene- 
rosity of  others.  His  most  efficient 
friend  in  this  hour  of  adversity  was 
Eitelwolf  von  Stein.  He  also  received 
assistance  from  his  relations  Frobin 
and  Ludwig  von  Hutten.  His  grati- 
tude for  this  assistance  was  poured 
forth  in  some  of  his  later  poems. 

In  the  autumn  of  1505  a  pestilential 
disease  broke  out  in  Erfurt,  whose 
terrible  ravages  compelled  the  profes- 
sors and  students  to  desert  the  town. 
Ulrich  and  his  friend  Crotus  Rubianus 
repaired  to  Cologne,  where  an  academy 
had  existed  since  1388.  In  Cologne 
the  scholastic  philosophy  reigned  su- 
preme. It  had  hardened  there  as  every- 
where into  the  dullest,  driest  dog- 
nuitism,  and  resisted  with  blindest 
bigotry    a    broader  literary  culture. 


1851.] 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


258 


Where  it  could  not  hinder  the  march 
it  denied  the  revelations  of  science. 
Its  chief  champions  at  Cologne  were 
Hogstraten  and  Ortuin,  the  latter 
doomed  to  immortal  ridicule  through 
the  prominence  given  to  his  name  m 
the  Epistolse  Obscurorum  Yirorum. 
The  subtletj  of  scholastic  research 
had  at  first  some  charm  for  Ulrich 
von  Hutten;  and  he  arrived  at  con- 
siderable skill  in  disputation.  The 
knowledge  he  thus  acquired  of  the 
scholastic  philosophy  became  in  afler 
years  a  powerful  weapon  of  satire  in 
his  hands,  and  was  used  with  unri? 
vailed  dexterity  to  lash  pedants  and 
obscurantists. 

At  Cologne  Hutten  extended  his 
circle  of  friends.  He  formed  an  inti- 
macy with  Sebastian  Brandt,  a  man 
of  note  in  various  departments,  the 
author  of  numerous  Latin  poems,  but 
especially  famous  for  a  poem  in  Ger- 
man, called  "  The  Ship  of  Fools," 
which  had  immense  popularity,  and 
has  been  often  reprinted.  Its  object 
was  to  scourge  the  vices  and  follies  of 
his  time,  and  to  lay  bare  the  corrup- 
tions of  the  Church ;  but  the  friend  at 
Cologne  whom  Ulrich  grew  most  to 
love  and  value  was  Rhagius  Nesti- 
campianus,  who  as  a  teacher  of  some 
of  the  more  enlightened  and  gifted 
vouths  attending  his  academy,  did 
his  best  to  break  the  fetters  of  scho- 
lasticism, and  plant  and  encourage 
a  taste  for  the  Greek  and  Latm 
authors.  This  was  enough  to  make  the 
monks  his  foes.  They  denounced  him 
as  an   innovator,  who  was   seducing 

?outh  into  the  fatal  path  of  falsehood. 
*hej  at  last  succeeded  in  getting  him 
banished  for  ten  years  from  the  city. 
A  new  academy  or  university  had  just 
been  founded  at  Frankfort  on  the 
Oder.  Thither  Rhagius  Nesticam- 
pianus  went,  and  Hutten,  his  faithful 
friend  and  devoted  disciple,  followed 
him.  In  this  journey  over  so  large  a 
part  of  Grermany  Ulrich  saw  much 
that  was  new  and  interesting;  fresh 
lands  and  fresh  cities,  with  their  pecu- 
liar customs  and  picturesque  aspects ; 
though  perhaps  they  offered  nothing 
so  attractive  to  him  as  their  learned 
men.  People  at  that  time  did  not 
travel  at  railroad  speed ;  but,  whether 
on  horseback  or  on  foot,  proceeded 
yerj  slowly,  resting  a  long  while  at 


any  place  where  they  happened  to 
stop.  This  not  merely  afforded  op- 
portunities for  the  formation  and 
growth  of  friendships,  but  in  the  ab- 
sence of  periodicals  was  to  scholars  a 
chief  means  of  communicating  infor- 
mation and  of  carrying  on  discussion. 
At  Frankfort  Hutten  achieved  much 
distinction.  Bishop  Dietrich  von  Bil- 
low, the  chancellor  of  the  university, 
discerned  his  great  abilities,  and  treat^ 
him  with  exceeding  kindness.  With 
most  of  the  professors  and  with  many 
of  the  students  he  was  also  on  friendly 
terms.  It  was  at  Frankfort  that  he 
first  attempted  poetry,  in  the  form  of 
a  Latin  composition,  dedicated  to  the 

E raise  of  the  new  university.  Genius 
as  three  phases  in  its  development. 
It  first  squanders  its  affluence  of  ima- 
gination on  conventional  or  traditional 
topics ;  it  then  discovers  some  grand 
leading  idea,  and  concentrates  itself 
wholly  thereon ;  it  lastly  pours  out  its 
entire  stores  of  thought  and  knowledge 
in  illustration  of  that  idea.  Hutten, 
in  choosing  for  his  first  poetical  effort 
a  commonplace  subject,  and  in  not 
rising  above  commonplace,  either  in 
substance  or  style,  merely  showed  that 
he  could  not  escape  the  fate  which 
makes  invention  in  youth  impossible. 
During  his  residence  of  three  years  at 
Frankfort  he  made  several  excursions 
in  the  north  of  Germany. 

In  1509,  impelled  partly  perhaps  by 
a  very  legitimate  desire  to  extend  his 
acquaintance  with  men  and  things, 
and  partly  by  the  restless  and  roving 
spirit  which  turned  some  of  the  most 
eminent  scholars  of  that  day  into  a 
sort  of  adventurers,  Hutten  left  Frank- 
fort, heedless  apparently  whither  he 
wandered,  so  that  some  aspect  of  no- 
velty was  presented.  In  the  Baltic 
he  suffered  shipwreck,  escaping  with 
life,  but  losing  everything  else.  HI  in 
body,  and  wiUi  that  sickness  of  heart 
which  so  much  aggravates  disease,  he 
was  now  compellcHi  to  beg  his  bread 
in  the  villages,  and  thought  himself 
fortunate  when  a  poor  peasant  gave 
him  a  wretched  bed ;  often  he  had  no 
roof  to  shelter  him  at  night  but  the 
open  sky.  Life  became  a  burden  to 
him.  He  longed  for  death  as  a  re- 
lief and  a  blessing.  In  such  miserable 
circumstances  he  arrived  at  Greifs- 
wald.    Two  men  lived  there  at  that 


254 


Ulrich  von  ffutten. 


[Sept 


time,  father  and  son,  who  had  consi- 
derable influence  both  in  the  city  and 
the  university, — ^AVedag  and  Henning 
Loetz.  The  father  was  chief  magis- 
trate ;  and  the  son,  besides  being  pro- 
fessor of  law,  held  some  ecclesiastical 
dignities.  At  the  court  of  their  prince, 
the  Duke  of  Pomerania,  their  word 
carried  much  weight ;  though  joining 
wealth  to  noble  birth,  they  seem  to 
have  been  indebted  for  their  position 
to  these  and  other  worldly  advantages 
more  than  to  any  surpassing  merits 
of  their  own.  Henning  Loetz  was  a 
proud,  pedantic  man,  who,  not  having 
taken  the  trouble  to  acquire  learning, 
wished  to  have  the  reputation  of  pos- 
sessing it,  and  was  especially  desirous 
of  making  a  figure  in  the  eyes  of  those 
who  had  obtained  literary  fame.  Ul- 
rich*s  renown  as  a  poet  and  a  scholar  had 
preceded  him,  and  therefore,  ambitious 
of  making  a  favourable  impression, 
Henning  Loetz  offered  him  every  kind 
of  assistance  that  his  necessitous  con- 
dition demanded.  He  gave  him  a  lodg- 
ing, clothes,  and  money.  This  kindness 
however  was  but  of  short  duration. 
The  burgomaster  and  his  son  were  of 
those  people  who  expect  a  large  amount 
of  gratitude  and  submissiveuess  in 
return  for  a  small  amount  of  gene- 
rosity. They  did  not  find  Hutten 
sufficiently  humble  and  thankful,  and 
determined  to  make  him  feel  his  de- 
pendence. His  poverty  and  his  poetry 
were  equally  made  the  subjects  of 
their  ridicule.  Often  when  he  wanted 
to  enter  into  conversation  with  them 
he  was  not  admitted  to  their  presence. 
Friends  warned  him  to  be  on  his  guard 
acainst  these  haughty,  heartless  men, 
who  were  incapable  of  aiding  a  fellow- 
creature  except  for  some  selfish  pur- 
pose. He  bore  their  insolence  as 
bravely  and  patiently  as  he  could, 
supported  by  youth  and  by  hope.  At 
last  it  became  intolerable,  and  he  de- 
termined on  leaving  Greifswald.  When 
he  intimated  his  intention  to  professor 
Loetz,  the  latter  said  that  ne  would 
not  permit  him  to  go  till  he  had  paid 
his  debts — every  farthing  that  he  had 
expended  on  him  since  his  arrival. 
This  was  at  once  an  insult  and  an  ab- 
surdity ;  for  what  had  been  given  had 
been  ostentatiously  proffered  as  hos- 
pitality, and  as  such  accepted,  and  the 
necessity   for  accepting  showed  how 


preposterous  was  the  demand  for  pay- 
ment. Afler  long  debate  the  pA>fe88or 
^ave  a  reluctant  promise  not  to  hinder 
his  departure. 

On  a  dreary  morning,  at  the  end  of 
December  1509,  Hutten  set  out  for 
Rostock.  The  cold  was  excessive,  and 
the  sea  on  the  Pomeranian  coast  already 
frozen.  The  principal  wealth  which 
Ulrich  carried  with  him  was  a  small 
collection  of  his  poems.  His  late  hosts 
soon  repented  having  given  him  per- 
mission to  leave  Greifswald.  The 
father  persuaded  the  son  to  pursue 
bim  and  strip  him  of  the  clothes  which 
he  had  borrowed.  The  poor  pilgrim 
departed  in  the  deepest  gloom,  and 
had  not  gone  far  from  the  city  when 
armed  servants  of  his  friend  Henning 
were  seen  approaching,  who  ordered 
him  with  threats  to  stop.  As  soon  as 
they  came  up  they  pulled  the  clothes 
from  his  back,  in  spite  of  his  earnest, 
passionate  iutreaties,  and  one  of  them, 
putting  a  lance  to  his  breast,  threat- 
ened to  fix  him  to  the  spot  if  he  ut- 
tered another  word.  After  they  had 
rifled  him  of  every  thing,  and  wounded 
him  severely,  they  left  him  naked  in 
the  winter's  cold  to  his  fate;  a  fate 
aggravated  by  a  fever,  from  which  he 
had  been  suffering,  and  by  ulcers,  with 
which  his  body  was  covered.  With 
difliculty  and  in  great  pain  he  crawled 
along,  hoping  that  death  would  soon 
put  an  end  to  his  tortures.  He  how- 
ever reached  Ilostock  as  by  miracle, 
and  in  a  condition  that  excited  the 
pity  of  every  one  who  saw  him.  On  a 
miserable  bed,  in  a  squalid  chamber,  he 
lay  oppressed  by  wounds,  by  disease,  by 
poverty,  and  by  the  outrages  which  had 
lust  been  heaped  upon  him.  Far  from 
home,  from  all  who  loved  him  or  were 
dear  to  him,  he  fell  into  the  profound- 
est  despair.  Af^-er  a  while  his  old  hope 
and  valour  revived.  He  addressed 
poetical  epistles  to  the  learned  men  of 
Rostock,  and  especially  to  the  profes- 
sors in  the  academy,  picturing  his  de- 
plorable state  and  requesting  assists 
ance.  Promptly  was  it  given.  Those 
who  received  the  epistles  while  pitying 
his  terrible  afflictions  could  not  help 
admiring  his  learning  and  his  poetical 
talents.  Foremost  among  those  to  re- 
lieve him  was  Egbert  l£irlem,  a  pro- 
fessor of  philosophy  at  the  university, 
who  gave  him  all  the  aids  and  com- 


1851.] 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


255 


forts  wfcich  his  sad  situation  demanded, 
invited  him  to  his  house,  and  treated 
him  as  a  welcome  and  an  honoured 
guest.  As  his  body  gfuned  strength 
his  soul  also  felt  stronger;  his  taste 
for  his  former  literary  pursuits  awoke 
once  more,  and  in  order  not  to  be 
quite  dependent  on  others  he  gathered 
around  him  a  considerable  number  of 
students,  to  whom  he  served  as  inter- 

?reter  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  authors, 
'o  his  gratitude  toward  Harlem  he 
gave  enthusiastic  expression  in  his 
poetry. 

No  communication  had  for  a  long 
time  passed  between  him  and  the 
friends  whom  he  had  made  previously 
to  leaving  Frankfort.  Correspondence 
b^  writing  was  at  that  time  exceedingly 
difficult  A  report  had  reached  Crotus 
Rubianus  that  Ulrich  was  living  in 
extreme  distress  at  Brunswick,  upon 
which  Rubianus  had  immediately  writ- 
ten to  him ;  but  his  letter,  and  the  let- 
ters of  many  other  friends,  never 
reached  him.  On  another  occasion  it 
was  stated  that  Hutten  was  at  Frank- 
fort on  the  Oder,  and  a  young  man 
called  Weiger,  on  the  recommendation 
of  Rubianus,  set  out  for  that  town  to 
profit  from  the  instructions  and  the  in- 
tercourse of  so  distinguished  a  scholar. 
But  even  in  Rostock  he  was  ex- 
posed to  the  malevolence  of  his  Greifs- 
wald  eocmies.  They  were  not  satisfied 
with  brutalities  which  had  nearly  cost 
him  his  life,  but  circulated  the  most 
atrocious  calumnies  regarding  him. 
Such  mean  malignity  roused  in  Hutten 
the  fiercest  resentment.  As  they  had 
shown  the  vish  to  crush  him  by 
cruelty  and  falsehood,  he  resolved  to 
crush  them  by  the  weight  of  satire. 
He  composed  two  books  of  elegies,  in 
which  he  pictured  the  maltreatment  he 
had  received,  and  branded  the  bur- 
gomaster Loetz  and  his  son  with  an 
infamy  destined  to  be  immortal.  He 
was  not  satisfied  with  this  poetical 
revenge,  but  lodged  a  formal  complaint 
before  the  Duke  of  Pomerania,  which 
however  met  with  no  attention.  Other 
scenes  and  circumstances,  fresh  friends 
and  fresh  foes,  soon  banished  the  ioys 
and  sorrows  of  those  days  from 
.Hutten's  memory.  The  elegies  we 
have  mentioned  will  be  found  in  the 
first  volume  of  MUnch*s  edition  of 
Hutten*s  works. 
Afler  a  residence  of  nearly  a  year 


in  Rostock,  Hutten  went  toward  the 
end  of  1510  to  Wittenberg.  Here  a 
friend,  Balthasar  von  Fach,  gave  him  a 
hospitable  reception.  It  was  consi- 
dered no  disgrace  in  those  days  for 
poor  students  to  be  entirely  indebted 
to  thB  bounty  of  others  for  their  sub- 
sistence. To  a  custom  so  general 
Ulrich  had  no  hesitation  in  conform- 
ing. He  therefore  sent  one  of  his 
friends  to  the  Abbots  of  Fulda  to  ask 
for  assistance,  and  also  a  letter  having 
the  same  object  to  Crotus  Rubianus, 
who  held  at  that  time  a  high  acade- 
mical position  in  Fulda.  The  reply  of 
Rubianus,  which  Munch  has  printed, 
has  much  biographical  interest. 

Hutten  met  at  Wittenberg  two 
Pomeranian  noblemen  whom  be  had 
known  at  Frankfort,  Johann  and 
Alexander  von  Osthen,  whose  great 
wealth  did  not  hinder  them  from 
being  ambitious  of  literary  accom- 
plishments. The  elder  was  a  poet 
and  historian,  and  they  were  both  in 
friendly  relations  with  some  of  the 
most  distinguished  scholars  of  their 
time.  Their  names  occur  in  the  Epis- 
tolsB  Obscurer um  Virorum.  At  their 
request  Hutten  wrote,  while  at  Wit- 
tenberg, a  Latin  poem  of  considerable 
length  on  the  Art  of  Poetry.  This 
poem  he  dedicated  to  them,  and  it  was 
much  admired,  and  has  frequently  been 
reprinted. 

The  pilgrim*s  passion  for  movement 
and  new  scenes  began  to  stir  in  Hutten 
once  more.  Half  a  year  after  his  ar- 
rival in  Wittenberg  we  find  him  a 
wanderer  in  Bohemia  and  Moravia,, 
helping  himself  on  his  way  from  place 
to  place  by  alms  and  gius  which  he 
sometimes  obtained  by  a  vivid  repre- 
sentation of  his  destitute  condition, 
sometimes  by  successful  disputation 
before  universities,  which  was  at  that 
period  no  uncommon  means  of  obtain- 
ing a  livelihood,  sometimes  by  poems 
addressed  to  the  friends  of  ancient 
literature  and  to  the  wealthy,  and 
sometimes  by  trusting  to  the  simple 
and  unsolicited  bounty  of  the  peasants 
in  the  villages.  Covered  with  rags, 
not  of  the  cleanest,  he  made  his  en- 
trance into  Olmutz.  He  forthwith 
?aid  a  visit  to  Bishop  Stanislaus 
'urso,  who  was  so  much  struck  with 
his  learning  and  talent  that  he  wel- 
comed him  into  his  house,  and  when 
he  departed  gave  him  a  splendid  horse 


256 


Ulrich  von  Hutten, 


[Sept. 


and  a  large  sum  of  money.  From 
Augustin,  who  held  the  ecclesiastical 
office  of  provost,  and  who  was  fas* 
cinated  no  less  than  the  bishop  by  his 
gifls  and  graces,  he  received  a  gold 
rins  set  with  a  precious  stone. 

This  rambling  and  mendicant  mode 
of  life  had  little  dignity,  but  it  must 
have  offered  a  sort  of  gipsy  charm, 
especially  to  the  young.  Even  when 
it  degraded  the  character,  it  could  not 
fail  to  enrich  the  mind  with  knowledge 
as  valuable  as  that  obtained  from 
books ;  and,  though  it  was  liable  to 
frequent  and  severe  privations,  it  was 
probably  freer  from  cares  than  that 
more  fixed  and  respectable  fashion  of 
existence  to  which  poor  scholars  in 
these  generations  are  compelled  to 
conform.  A  literary  man  at  present, 
at  once  sensitive,  proud,  and  nonour- 
able,  is  when  struggling  with  poverty 
hindered  by  a  thousand  delicate  hesi- 
tations from  making  his  situation 
known,  and  starves  mch  by  inch  in ' 
dumb  torture  without  the  poor  conso- 
lation of  knowing  that  he  is  brave  and 
resigned.  We  would  not  wish  to  see  the 
revival  of  the  begging,  roving  student; 
but  we  have  no  great  cause  to  con- 
gratulate ourselves  on  a  better  state  of 
things  so  long  as  the  scholar  now  has 
far  more  tragical  elements  in  his  lot 
than  the  scholar  of  three  or  four  hun- 
dred years  ago,  with  none  of  the  com- 
pensations which  made  the  lot  of  the 
latter  endurable. 

Proceeding  to  Vienna,  Hutten  had 
his  usual  fortune  or  usual  skill  in  dis- 
covering a  friend,  Joachim  von  Wall, 
whose  Latin  name  was  Yadianus. 
Soon  a  little  knot  of  admirers  gathered 
round  Hutten,  to  whom  he  narrated 
his  adventures,  and  recited  a  poem 
which  he  had  composed  to  mitigate 
the  anxieties  and  toils  of  his  journey. 
The  poem  was  in  praise  of  the  Emperor 
Maximilian,  and  had  reference  to  his 
war  with  the  Venetians.  Yadianus 
and  his  companions  had  it  printed  and 
extensively  circulated  along  with  se- 
veral epigrams  relating  to  the  same 
subject. 

Ulrich  now  thought  that  the  time 
was  come  for  him  to  lead  a  more 
steady  and  settled  life.  He  resolved 
to  study  law,  and  for  that  purpose  he 
went  in  April  1519  to  Pavia,  which 
had  then  the  reputation  of  possessing 
the  best  legal  school  in  Europe.  After 
4 


devoting  himself  with  great  dtligence 
for  three  months  to  acquiring  a  know- 
ledge of  subjects  in  which  liis  heart 
had  no  interest,  he  was  torn  rudely 
away  from  the  first  serious  attempt 
which  he  had  ever  made  at  learning  a 
profession  by  the  troubles,  the  wars, 
the  political  events  of  which  Italy  was 
the  scene.  Pope  Julius  the  Second, 
the  Swiss,  the  King  of  Spain,  the 
King  of  England,  the  Emperor  Mazi* 
milian,  and  the  Venetians  were  all  at 
that  moment  allied  against  the  French. 
These,  however,  in  spite  of  their  nu- 
merous enemies,  pursued  a  victorious 
career,  gained  the  battle  of  Ravenna, 
took  many  fortified  places,  and  ob- 
tained possession  of  Pavia.  This  city 
the  Swiss  besieged.  During  the  siege, 
Hutten,  while  suffering  from  a  violent 
fever,  was  treated  with  much  inhu- 
manity by  the  French.  Believing  his 
end  to  be  near,  he  composed  a  most 
melancholy  epitaph  on  himself,  in 
which  he  said  that  nothing  but  penury 
and  wretchedness  had  been  his  lot 
both  by  sea  and  hj  land.  When  the 
Swiss  took  Pavia  his  situation  was  not 
improved,  for  they  suspected  without 
reason  that  he  had  favoured  the  French, 
and  dealt  with  him  no  more  leniently 
than  if  he  had  been  a  spy.  Mourn- 
fully he  took  his  way  to  Bologna,  to 
continue  if  possible  studies  which 
he  had  taken  up  rather  to  appease 
his  father's  anger  than  to  satisfy  his 
own  taste.  Here,  assailed  again  by 
fever,  he  sunk  into  the  lowest  state  of 
squalid  poverty.  Whilst  he  was  thus 
struggling  with  his  old  ibes,  disease 
and  want,  the  Cardinal  von  Gurk,  the 
Emperor  Maximilian's  ambassador  to 
the  Pope,  arrived  at  Bologna.  The 
Italians  strove  with  each  other  who 
should  show  him  the  most  honour  by 
eloquent  addresses  in  prose  and  in 
verse.  Urged  by  the  Germans  study- 
ing at  Bologna,  Hutten  composed  a 
poem  in  the  name  of  the  German  na- 
tion. After  copying  it  with  the  most 
fastidious  care,  he  sent  it  to  the  Car- 
dinal, who  received  it  not  only  with 
indifference  biit  contempt,  and  refused 
his  request  to  be  admitted  among  his 
followers.  Pity  even  did  not  prompt 
him  to  affora  his  panegyrist  the- 
slightest  relief,  though  he  saw  him 
crawling  about  in  rags,  and  bowed 
down  by  extremest  destitution.  Hut- 
ten thought  his  conduct  unfeeling,  and 


1851.] 


Oi^iginal  Papers  about  William  Penn, 


257 


resented  it  so  profoundly,  that  six 
years  after,  when  the  Cardinal  offered 
to  take  him  into  his  service,  under 
advantageous  circumstances,  he  haugh- 
tily refused. 

in  a  situation  so  desperate  Hutten 
was  reduced  to  the  necessity  of  enter- 
ing as  a  common  soldier  into  the  Em- 
peror*s  army,  and  in  that  capacity  he 
was  present  at  the  siege  of  Pavia  in 
1513.  Great  were  the  sufferings  he  had 
now  to  undergo  from  cold  and  heat, 
from  hunger  and  thirst,  from  disease, 
and  from  every  kind  of  humiliation. 
But,  though  in  his  own  lot  there 
scarcely  survived  one  single  gleam  of 
hope  or  consolation,  he  did  not  permit 
his  disappointments  and  disasters  to 
weaken  his  love  of  his  country,  or  his 
interest  in  its  glory.  He  poured  out 
the  fervour  of  his  attachment  to  Ger- 
many in  poetry,  and  animated  the  Em- 
peror to  a  daring  and  a  destiny  worthy 
of  a  nobler  age  by  singing  the  mighty 
men  and  mighty  achievements  oi  his 
country  in  the  past. 

On  quitting  the  Emperor's  army  in 
1514  he  returned  to  Germany,  and, 
under  the  title  of  Epigrams,  he  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  Latin  poems, 
which  he  dedicated  to  Maximilian. 
The  Emperor  was  either  too  much  oc- 
cupied with  other  things,  or  did  not 
deem  Hutten  sufficiently  conspicuous 


to  be  noticed,  for  he  did  not  deign  to 
honour  him  even  with  a  glance. 

Hutten's  old  friend  Eitelwolf  von 
Stein  was  at  this  time  president  of 
council  to  Albert  von  Brandenburg, 
Elector  and  Archbishop  of  Mentz. 
On  repairing  to  Mentz,  Hutten  found 
that  Eitelwolf  was  as  much  disposed 
to  assist  him  as  ever.  It  was  probably 
at  his  suggestion  that  Hutten  wrote  a 
long  Latin  panegyrical  poem  on  the 
archbishop.  The  preface  of  the  poem 
is  addressed  to  Eitelwolf. 

To  recruit  his  health,  shattered  by 
so  much  calamity,  sickness,  fatigue, 
and  want,  Hutten  paid  a  visit  to  the 
baths  at  Ems,  long  renowned  for  their 
healing  powers.  Whilst  he  sojourned 
there  an  event  called  forth  all  the 
energy  of  his  nature,  and  from  its 
strange  and  tragical  character  startled 
into  resolute  manhood  those  of  his  fa- 
culties which  had  not  yet  fully  ripened. 
Hitherto  his  misfortunes  however  great 
had  been  more  of  a  kind  to  torment 
and  exhaust  him  than  to  aid  the  com- 
prehensive growth  of  his  spirit  and  to 
build  it  into  valiant  unity ;  they  tended 
to  irritate  and  distract  even  when  they 
did  not  enfeeble.  His  long  baptism 
of  tears  had  not  been  sufficient  to  de- 
velope  the  complete  pith  of  his  heroism ; 
for  tnat  purpose  was  needed,  what  he 
now  received,  a  baptism  of  blood. 

Francis  Harwell. 


ORIGINAL  PAPERS  ABOUT  WILLIAM  PENN, 
contributed  by  hepworth  dixon. 

Penn  a  Slave-Owner. 


IN  the  first  edition  of  my  work  on 
"  William  Penn,"  speaking  of  the  first 
dawnings  of  an  anti-slavery  opinion  in 
Europe  and  America,  I  observed : — 
"  It  is  no  demerit  in  Penn  that  he  did 
not  at  once  see  the  evil  [of  negro 
slavery]  and  resolutely  oppose  a  system 
which  Locke  approved,  and  his  country- 
men generally  practised  or  applauded. 
.  .  .  Many  years  afler  this  he  spoke  of 
slavery  as  a  matter  of  course,  and,  al- 
though he  refrained  from  the  actual  pur- 
chase  of  slaves^  so  as  in  strict  fact  never 
to  become  a  slaveowner,  yethe  constantly 
hired  them  from  their  masters,  and  they 
formed  a  regular  part  of  the  establish- 

Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


ment  at  Pennsbury."  In  the  second 
edition  of  the  book,  now  in  the  press,  I 
have  struck  out  the  words  printed  in 
italics,  and  shall  be  glad  to  place  on 
record  the  reasons  and  documents,  too 
long  for  a  mere  note,  which  have  in- 
duced me  to  make  this  important  alte- 
iiation  in  the  text. 

When  I  stated,  as  the  result  of  my 
former  inquiries,  a  belief  that  Penn 
had  not  actually  bought  and  sold 
negroes,  no  evidence  in  support  of  a 
counter-opinion  was  before  the  world. 
But  such  evidence  has  since  turned 
up,  as  unquestionably  authentic  as  it  is 
conclusive.     It  is  contained  in  a  pro- 

2L 


258 


Original  Papers  about  William  Penn. 


[Sept 


visional  will,  made  bjr  Penn  at  New- 
castle, in  Pennsylvania,  in  1701,  before 
his  final  departure  from  America, 
which  will  was  left  with  his  agent 
Logan,  in  case  of  accident  at  sea,  but 
was  rendered  void  and  of  no  effect  by 
the  later  will  of  1712.  In  one  of  the 
MS.  letters  of  Logan  to  Hannah  Penn, 
written  in  1721,  and  now  in  the  ar- 
chives of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical 
Society,  this  passage  occurs  : — 

"  The  proprietor,  in  a  will  left  with  me 
at  his  departure  hence,  gave  all  his  negroes 
their  freedom,  but  that  is  entirely  private ; 
however,  there  are  very  few  left.  Sam 
died  soon  after  your  departure  hence,  and 
his  brother  James  very  lately.  Chevalier, 
by  a  written  order  from  his  master,  had 
his  liberty  several  years  ago  ;  so  that  there 
are  none  left  but  Sue,  whom  Lsetitia 
claims,  or  did  claim,  as  given  to  her  when 
she  went  to  England ;  but  how  wrightfuUy 
I  know  not.  These  things  you  can  best 
dii'Cuss.  She  hns  several  children  ;  there 
are  besides  t«ro  old  negroes  quite  worn  out, 
ye  remained  [y*  remainder?]  of  three  which 
1  recovered  18  years  agoe,  of  E.  Gibbs' 
estates,  of  New  C.  County." 

This  passage,  in  a  note  written  by 
Penn^s  confidential  agent^  would  seem 
to  settle  the  question  of  whether  the 
founder  of  Pennsylvania  ever  possessed 
slaves  as  his  personal  property.  But 
among  a  multitude  of  other  Penn  MSS. 
communicated  to  me  from  America,  I 
find  a  copy  of  the  will  here  referred  to 
by  Logan.    It  runs  as  follows : — 

"  Newcastle  on  Delaware, 

30.h  gbre^  1701. 

"  Because  it  is  appointed  for  all  men 
once  to  dye,  and  y^  their  days  are  in  the 
hands  of  y*  Almighty  their  Creator,  I 
think  fitt  upon  this  present  voyage  to  make 
my  last  will  and  testament,  which  is  as, 
follows : — 

**  Since  my  estate [s]  both  in  England 
and  I  Hand  are  either  entailed  orencumbred, 
my  will  is,  that  w*  is  saleable  be  sould  for 
payment  of  my  just  debts,  and  all  my 
household  stuff,  plate,  and  linnen  not 
given  or  disposed  of  to  my  children  by  their 
relations,  and,  if  their  should  be  any  over- 
plus, that  it  goe  equally  between  my  son 


William  and  daughter  Lstitia.  As  to  my 
estate  in  Europe,  be  it  land,  booBes,  or 
moveables,  except  my  gold  chain  and 
meddall,*  w*^*^  I  give  to  my  son  William, 
and  except  such  estate  as  I  had  with  or 
since  I  married  this  wife.  For  my  estate 
in  America  it  is  also  incumbred,  but  not 
with  the  tenth  part  of  the  true  value 
thereof ;  I  mean  of  the  province  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  countys  annexed.  When  that 
incumbrance  is  discharged,  I  give  my  son 
William  all  my  sayd  province  and  terri- 
torys  to  him  and  his  heirs  forever,  as  pro- 
prietary and  governor.  But  out  of,  or 
rather  in  the  said  soyle  thereof,  I  give  to 
my  daughter  Lsetitia  Penn  one  hundred 
thousand  acres,  seaventy  of  w'**  out  of,  or 
rather  in,  the  said  province,  and  ten  thou- 
sand acres  out  of,  or  rather  in,  each  of  the 
lower  countys  of  the  territorys.  I  also 
give  to  ray  son  John  one  hundred  and  fifty 
thousand  acres,  of  w**  one  hundred  thou- 
sand in  the  province,  and  fifty  thousand 
acres  in  the  lower  countys ;  and  I  also 
bequeath  to  him  my  tenih,  or  proprietary 
ship,  of  Salem  tenth  or  county  in  West 
New  Jersey,  to  my  sayd  son  John,  and  to 
his  heirs  forever,  with  all  rents,  profits, 
and  interests  therein.  I  also  will  that  the 
childe  my  d'  wife  Hannah  Penn  now  goes 
with  shall  have  one  hundred  thousand  acres 
if  a  boy,  and  seaventy  thousand  acres  if  a 
girle,  in  the  province  aforesaid.  All  which 
land  to  be  given  shall  lye  between  the 
Susquehanagh  River  and  Delaware  River, 
and  so  to  be  taken  up  within  twelve  months 
after  my  death,  if  my  encumbrances  can  be 
discharged  within  that  time,  or  so  soon 
as  they  are,  but  so  as  that  the  sayd  lands 
be  not  above  80  miles  above  a  due  west 
line  to  be  drawn  from  Philadelphia  to  Sus- 
quehanah  River,  and  so  to  be  layd  out  in 
the  way  of  townships,  and  to  pay  to  my 
son  William  one  silver  shilling  for  every 
township  or  five  thousand  acres  when  taken 
up  forever,  in  lieu  of  all  demands  and  ser- 
vices, hereby  requiring  my  said  son  Wil- 
liam to  erect  all  or  any  part  of  the  afore- 
said lands  into  mannors,  with  the  due 
powers  over  their  own  tennants,  according 
to  my  sayd  children's  respective  agree- 
ments with  them,  when  they  or  any  of 
them  require  the  same.  I  also  give  to  my 
d'  wife  five  thousand  acres  of  land  as  a 
token  of  my  love,  to  be  taken  up  as  before 
expres't,  and  upon  the  same  acknowledge- 
ment, and  within  y*  sayd  limits  in  my 


♦  The  "  gold  chain  and  medal  "  are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  Penn  family.  They 
were  presented  to  Penn*s  father,  the  admiral,  together  with  Blake,  Monk,  and  Lawson, 
by  the  Council  of  State  in  1653,  for  their  services  in  the  war  against  the  Dutch.  The 
medal  was  executed  by  Simon.  It  is  engraved  in  Vertue's  Catalogue  of  Simon's  En- 
gravings, and  also  as  a  frontispiece  to  one  of  the  volumes  of  Charnock's  Biog.  Navatis. 
(  Penn's  Memoir  of  Sir  W.  Penn,  ii.  566.) 


1851.] 


Orig^inal  Papers  about  William  Penn. 


259 


province  of  Pennsylvania,  to  her  and  her 
heirs  and  assigns  for  ever.  And  so  I  an- 
derstand  in  my  other  afore- mentioned 
grants  to  my  children,  viz.  that  I  give  it 
to  them  and  to  their  heirs  and  assigns  for 
ever. 

"  I  also  leave  my  d'  sister  and  her 
children  some  token  of  my  love,  such  as 
my  wife  shall  think  fit,  in  memorial  of  me ; 
also  to  her  father  and  mother  the  like. 

"  I  give  to  my  servants  John  and  Mary 
Gachel  three  hundred  acres  between  them, 
and  to  James  Logan  one  thousand  acres, 
and  to  my  blacks  their  freedom  as  under 
my  hand  already,  and  to  ould  Sam  one 
hundred  acres,  to  be  his  childrens  after 
he  and   his  wife  are  dead,  for  ever,  on 
common   rent   of   one  bushel  of   wheat 
yearly  for  ever,  and  for  performance  of 
which  I  desire  my  loving  friends  Edward 
Shippin  and  Samuel  Carpenter,   Edward 
Penington  and  James  Logan,  in  America, 
or  any  three  of  them,  and  Benjamin  Gool, 
Thomas  Callowhill,  Henry  Goldny,  and 
Jos.   Pike,  in  England,  or  any  three  of 
them,  to  be  my  executors,  trustees,  and 
overseers   to  see   this  my  last  will  and 
testament  observed,  and  that  I  have  right 
done  me  about  my  incumbrances,  that  my 
family  suffer  not  by  oppressive  demands, 
bat  to  get  me  and  my  own  righted  in  law 
and  equity;  and  I  do  hereby  charge  all 
my  children,  as  their  living,  dying  father's 
last  command  and  desire,  that  they  never 
goe  to  law,  but  if  any  diflference  should 
arise,  w**  I  would  hope  will  not,  that  they 
be  concluded  by  the  judgment  of  friends 
to  be  chosen  by  the  meeting  of  sufferings  of 
the  people  called  Quakers  in  Englnnd  for 
English  and  Irish  concerns, and  in  America 
to  the  ffr'ds  of  the  quarterly  meeting  at 
Philadelphia  in  Pennsylvania  for  a  small 
[similar?]  decision.     I  do  further  ordain 
by  this  will  that  what  estate  I  here  give  to 
either  or  any  of  my  children   be   never 
alienated  from  my  family  for  want  of  heirs 
of  their  own  body,  but  that,  debts  being 
paid  they  may  owe,  the  rest  be  inherited 
by  the  next  of  blood  of  my  body  and  de- 
scent, and  for  want  thereof  my  d'  sister 
and  her  blood,  in  such  manner  as  she  shall 
appoint. 

**  Aud  now,  if  ever  I  have  done  amis  to 
any,  I  desire  their  forgiveness ;  and  for  all 
the  good  oflSces  I  have  ever  done  I  give 
God,  y*  enabled  me,  the  honor  and  thanks; 
and  for  all  my  enemies,  and  their  evil  re- 
flections and  reports  in  endeavoring  to 
mine  me  in  name  and  estate,  I  do  say  y" 
Lord  forgive  them  and  amend  them,  for  I 
have  ever  from  a  childe  loved  the  best 
things  and  people,  and  have  a  heart,  I  bless 
the  name  of  Almighty  God,  to  do  good 
without  gain — yea,  even  sometimes  for 
evill,  and  to  consume  my  own  to  serve 


others,  w^^  has  been  my  greatest  burden 
and  infirmity,  having  a  minde  not  only 
just,  but  kinde,  even  to  a  fault,  for  it  has 
made  me*  sometimes  hardly  so  just,  by 
means  of  debts  thereby  contracted,  as  my 
integrity  would  have  made  me.    And  now, 
for  all  my  good  friends  that  have  loved 
and   helped  me,  do  so  still  in  my  poor 
children  w*  you  can,  and  God  Allmighty 
be  to  you  and  yours  an  ample  reward. 
You  have  my  hearty  and  greatfuU  acknow- 
ledgements and  commemoration,  who  never 
lived  to  myself  from  my  very  youth,  but 
to  you  and  the  whole  world  in  love  and 
service. 

"  This  I  ordain  to  be  (and  accordingly 
is)  my  last  will  and  testament,  revoking 
all  others.  Given  under  my  hand  and  seal, 
the  day  and  year  above  written, 

"Wm.  Penn.     (l.s.) 
"  Sealed  and  delivered  in   the  pre- 
sence of 

*'  RiCHD.  Hallowell. 
**  Jos.  Wood. 
'^  Robert  Ashton. 
*'  James  Logan. 
"  The  interlineations  were  my  writeing; 
they  are  twelve  in  number  ;  the  pages  7. 

*'Wm.  Penn.*' 
Of  this  document  I  have  had  sent 
to  me  two  authenticated  copies,  one 
by  Horatio  Gates  Jones,  esq.  Foreign 
Corresponding  Secretary  to  the  Penn- 
sylvania Historical  Society,  the  other 
by  Edward  D.  Ingrabam,  esq.  of  Phi- 
ladelphia; the  latter  gentleman  adds 
in  a  note  "  Exact  copy  of  the  original 
made  by  me,  June  6,  1851,  from  the 
original  in  the  [mssession  of  Thomas 
Gilpin,  esq.  E.D.L" 

1  he  fact  of  the  slave-ownership,  now 
clearly  established,  is  not-,  I  think,  dis- 
creditable to  William  Penn.  The  best 
men  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
centuries  engaged  in  or  encouraged 
the  trade  in  nem-oes.  Columbus  in- 
troduced them  into  America.  Locke 
provided  a  slave-castle  even  of  his 
own  countrymen  in  his  constitution 
for  Carolina.  But  my  assertion  that 
"  from  the  first  he  [Penn]  would  seem 
to  have  had  doubts  and  misgivings" 
in  relation  to  this  traffic  is  fully  borne 
out  by  the  evidence  of  the  will.  We 
only  learn  that  he  possessed  slaves  by 
the  very  act  which  would  have  set 
them  free  in  case  of  his  death.  In  the 
will  of  1712,  which,  as  it  has  not  been 
printed,  may  as  well  be  put  on  record 
in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  with  the 
preceding,  no  reference  is  made  to  the 
subject  of  these  negroes.     That  Penn 


260 


Original  Papers  about  William  Penn. 


[Sept. 


considered  them  already  free  men  is 
probable ;  but  the  extract  from  Logan's 
letter  only  shows  that  Chevalier  had 
been  reallj  set  at  liberty.  The  last 
will  runs : — 

*'  I,  William  Peon,  esqaire,  so  called, 
chief  proprietary  and  governor  of  the 
province  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the  terri- 
tories thereunto  belongiDg,  being  of  sound 
mind  and  understanding,  for  which  I  bless 
God,  do  make  and  declare  this  my  last 
will  and  testament :  my  eldest  son  being 
well  provided  for  by  a  settlement  of  his 
moth'  and  my  father's  estate,  I  give  and 
bequeath  the  rest  of  my  estate  in  manner 
following: — The  government  of  my  pro- 
vince of  Pennsylvania  and  the  territories 
thereto  belonging,  and  all  powers  relating 
thereto,  I  give  and  devise  unto  the  most 
honourable  the  Earle  of  Oiford  and  the 
Earle  Mortimer  and  to  Will.  Earle  Poulet, 
80  called,  and  their  heirs,  in  trust,  to 
dispose  thereof  to  the  Queen  or  any  other 
person  to  the  best  advantage  and  profit 
they  can,  to  be  applied  in  such  manner  as 
I  shall  hereafter  direct.  I  give  and  devise 
to  my  dear  wife  Hannah  Penn  and  her 
father,  Thomas  Callowhill,  and  to  my 
good  friends  Margaret  Lowther  my  dear 
sister,  and  to  Gilbert  Heathcote  physician, 
Samuel  Waldenfield,  John  Field,  Henry 
Goldney,  all  living  in  England,  and  to  my 
friend  Samuel  Carpenter,  Richard  Hill, 
Isaac  Morris,  Samuel  Preston,  and  James 
Logan,  living  in  or  near  Pennsylvania, 
and  their  heirs,  all  my  lands,  tenements, 
and  hereditaments  whatsoever,  rents,  and 
other  profits  situate,  lying,  and  being  in 
Pennsylvania,  and  the  territories  there- 
unto belonging,  or  elsewhere  in  America, 
upon  trust,  that  they  shall  sell  and  dispose 
of  so  much  thereof  as  shall  be  sufficient  to 
pay  all  my  just  debts,  and  from  and  after 
payment  thereof  shall  convey  unto  each 
of  the  three  children  of  my  son  William 
Penn,  Gullie/elma  Maria,  Springett,  and 
William  respectively,  and  to  their  respec- 
tive heirs,  ten  thousand  acres  of  land  in 
some  proper  and  beneficial  places  to  be 
set  out  by  my  trustees  aforesaid  ;  all  the 
rest  of  my  lands  and  hereditaments  what- 
soever situate,  lying,  and  being  in  America, 
I  will  that  my  said  trustees  shall  convey 
to  and  amongst  my  children  which  I  have 
by  my  present  wife  in  such  proportions 
and  for  such  estates  as  my  said  wife  shall 
think  fit ;  but  before  such  conveyance 
shall  be  made  to  my  said  children,  I  will 
that  my  said  trustees  shall  convey  to  my 
daughter  Aubry,  whom  I  omitted  to  name 
before,  ten  thousand  acres  of  my  said 
lands  in  such  places  as  my  trustees  shall 
think  fit.  All  my  personal  estate  in 
Pennsylvania  and  elsewhere,  and  arrears 


of  rent  due  there,  I  give  to  my  said  dear 
wife  (whom  I  make  my  sole  executrix) 
for  the  equal  benefit  of  her  and  her 
children. 

"  In  testimony  whereof  I  have  set  my 
hand  and  seal  to  this  my  will,  which  I 
declare  to  be  my  last  will,  revoking  all 
others  formerly  made  by  me. 

**  Wm.  Pknn. 

*'  Signed,  sealed,  and  published  by  the 
testator,  William  Penn,  in  the  presence  of 
us,  who  set  our  names  as  witnesses  thereof 
in  the  presence  of  the  said  testator  after 
the  interlineation  of  the  words  above 
"  whom  I  make  my  sole  executrix,'' 

*'  Robert  West. 

**  Sarah  West. 

"  Susannah  Reaoing. 

"  Thomas  Pylb. 

"  Robert  Lomax. 

**  This  will  I  made  when  ill  of  a  ferer 
at  London,  with  a  clear  understanding  of 
what  I  did  then ;  but  because  of  some 
unworthy  expressions  belying  God's  good- 
ness to  me,  as  if  I  knew  not  what  I  did,  I 
do  now  that  I  am  recovered,  thro'  God's 
goodness,  hereby  declare  it  is  my  last  will 
and  testament,  at  Ruscomb,  in  Berkshire, 
this  day  27<'>  of  the  S**  month  called  May, 
1712.  Wm.  Penn. 

**  Witnesses  present, — 

*'  Elizabeth  Pbnn. 

"  Thomas  Pylb. 

"  Mary  Dee. 

**  Thomas  Penn. 

"  Elizabeth  Anderson. 

**  Mary  Chandler. 

**  Jonah  Dee. 

**  Postscript. — In  my  hand,  as  a  further 
testimony  to  my  dear  wife,  I  of  my  own 
mind  give  unto  her  out  of  the  rents  of 
America,  to  wit,  Pennsylvania,  three 
hundred  pounds  a  year  for  her  natural 
life,  and  for  care  and  charge  her  [sic] 
over  my  children  in  their  education,  of 
which  she  knows  my  mind,  as  also  that  I 
desire  they  may  settle  at  least  in  good 
part  in  America,  where  I  leave  them  so 
good  an  interest  to  be  for  their  inheritance 
from  generation  to  generation,  which  the 
Lord  preserve  and  prosper.  Amen. 

*'  Wm.  Penn." 

"3^*  Nov.  1718. — Appeared  personally 
Simon  Clements,  of  the  parish  of  S*  Mar- 
garet's Westminster,  in  the  county  of 
Middlesex,  esquire,  and  John  Page,  of 
George-yard,  in  the  parish  of  S*  Edmond 
the  King,  London,  gentleman,  and  being 
severally  sworn  upon  the  Holy  Evangelists 
to  depose  the  truth,  did  depose  and  say  as 
foUoweth,  viz.  that  th^  knew  and  were 
well  acquainted  with  William  Penn,  late 
of  Ruscombe,  in  the  county  of  Berks, 


1851.] 


Edward  Bickersteth. 


261 


esquire,  deceased,  for  many  years  before 
his  death  and  in  that  time  have  very 
often  seen  him  write  and  subscribe  his 
name  to  writings,  and  thereby  became 
well  acquainted  with  his  manner  and 
character  of  hand-writing,  and  having  now 
Tiewed  and  diligently  perused  the  codicil 
wrote  at  the  end  of  his  will  hereunto  an- 
nexed, beginning  thus — *  Postscript. — In 
my  own  hand,  as  a  further  testimony  of 
my  love  to  my  d'  wife,'  and  ending  thus, 
*  where  I  leave  them  so  good  an  interest 
to  be  for  their  inheritance  from  generation 
to  generation,  which  the  Lord  presenre 
and  prosper.  Amen,'  and  subscribed  W. 
Penn — do  verily  believe  the  same  to  be 
all  wrote  and  subscribed  by  and  with  the 
proper  hand  of  the  said  William  Peon, 
deceased. 

••  S.  Clembxt. 

"  John  Page." 

These  papers  evidence  Peon's  mis- 
giyiDgs  on  the  principle  of  slavery; 
but  thepr  also  prove  that  his  convic- 
tion of  Its  practical  enormitj  was  not 
strong.  Curiooslj  enough  the  move- 
ment against  slavery  arose  from  below 
— from  unlettered  and  ]4>parentl7  un- 


influential  men.  Some  Overman  pea- 
sants were  the  first  Pemisylvaniaiii 
who  protested  against  its  wickedoeaa. 
Persons  of  education  and  refinement 
laughed  at  their  «<jw<>amwlmnM 
treated  their  scruples  as  the  fanciea 
or  phantasies  of  madmen.  Beligioiis 
bodies  refused  to  consider  the  topic 
St.  Paul  had  recognised  slavery — wfaj 
should  not  thev  ?  All  ancient  history 
was  full  of  slavery.  Poets,  philoso- 
phers, historians,  had  heen  slaves. 
Plato  was  bought  and  sold  like  a 
chattel.  Ancient  literature  is  not  un- 
friendly to  slavery.  Men  educated  ex- 
clusively in  its  ideas,  habit«  of  thought, 
and  intellectual  influences,  would 
hardly  realise  what  now  seems  to  us 
the  atrocious  nature  of  the  slave-fact. 
It  needed  new  men  to  see  this,  men 
whose  inspirations  flowed  from  nature 
— not  from  history.  What  Penn 
doubted  and  Locke  denied,  the  Khine 
peasant  felt  to  be  right  and  true.  This 
IS  perhaps  the  order  of  all  great  koman 
developments. 


EDWARD  BICKERSTETH. 

Memoir  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Bickersteth,  late  Rector  of  Watton,  Herts.     By  the 

Rev.  T.  R.  Birks,  M.A.    2  voU.  8vo.    l^hl. 


THE  Bickersteths  of  that  generation 
to  which  Edward  Bickersteth  belonged 
were  a  distinguished  and  eminent  set 
of  men,  ail  rising  to  foremost  positions 
in  the  world,  and  becoming,  by  their 
own  talents,  prominent  and  first-rate 
characters  in  the  church,  the  law, and  in 
medicine.  The  parents  of  this  interest- 
ing family  were  Henry  Bickersteth,  a 
surgeon  m  '*  the  little  town  of  Kirkby 
Lonsdale,  situated  on  the  picturesque 
banks  of  the  Lime,  in  Westmerland,** 
and  Elizabeth,  daughter,  as  we  learn 
from  our  own  obituary  notice  of  Ed- 
ward Bickersteth  (Gent.  Mag.  for  May, 
1850,  p.  538),  of  John  Batty,  esq. 
They  were  steady,  respectable,  well- 
doing, but  not  wealthy  people;  the 
father,  a  cheerful,  genial  man,  remem- 
bered for  his  pectdiarly  hearty  laugh. 


and  the  mother  consfiiciioos  tliroii|;li 
a  long  life  for  many  admirable  qciali- 
ties,  which  she  strictly  inculcated  upon 
all  her  children.  A  stately  ^n^re^  a 
studious  neatness  in  her  appearanee 
and  costume,  great  attention  Uf  the 
courtesnen  and  proprieties  of  lf(e,  lore 
of  goodness  and  reltaifm^  a  tUtUsT' 
mined  antir>athy  to  all  s^^amlal  and 
casting  of  blame  up'/n  tlie  almmt,  usA 
an  industry  which  rna/ie  idleness  im* 
possible,  either  in  herself  or  any  mm 
about  her;*  these  wcrre  tlie  vritu^i>al 
qtialities  fif  the  matron  Uf  wwitn  the 
world  is  indebtcl  as  the  m'/tlier  tff  the 
Bickersteths. 

This  couple  hsvl  a  nunj4;rous  familr* 
Their  eldest  son  James  went  out  early 
to  sea,  and  was  not  lieard  tff  mfUtr 
171>6;  the  sec^^rul  son,  .hAm^  is  mm 


*  *'  A  little  bag  of  work  was  always  at  her  side,  and  even  at  fiMcals,  if  she  kMMl 
finished  first,  her  hands  were  busy,  while  she  joined  in  the  general  conversation.''— 
Birks,  i.  3. 


262 


Edward  Bickersteth. 


[Sept. 


rector  of  Sapcote  in  Leicestershire; 
the  third  son,  Henry,  created  Lord 
Langdale,  was  the  Master  of  the  Rolls, 
who  died  a  few  months  ago ;  Edward, 
our  present  subject,  was  the  fourth 
son,  born  19th  March,  1786 ;  the  fifth, 
Robert,  is  a  surgeon  of  great  eminence 
in  Liverpool.  They  had  two  daugh- 
ters; Mary-Anna,  who  became  the 
wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Cooper,  rector 
of  Coppenhall,  and  died  in  1849 ; 
and  Charlotte,  married  to  the  Rev. 
Robert  Mayor,  for  many  years  a  mis- 
sionary in  Ceylon,  and  afterwards 
benefic^  in  England,  whom  she  has 
survived. 

Edward  received  his  education  at 
the  grammar  school  of  his  native  place, 
but  the  demands  of  a  numerous  family 
upon  his  father's  narrow  income  ren- 
dered him  anxious  to  get  his  boys  off 
his  hands,  and  "  out  into  the  world," 
as  it  is  termed,  at  as  early  an  age  as 
possible.  A  clerkship  in  the  General 
jPost  Office,  London,  had  been  pro- 
cured for  John,  and  when  Edward 
was  fourteen  his  education  was  cut 
short  by  a  similar  appointment  be- 
ing obtained  for  him.  His  with- 
drawal from  school-education  at  so 
early  a  period  materially  influenced 
his  future  life.  A  Jittle  more  scho- 
larship would  probably  have  made 
him  one  of  the  brightest  luminaries  of 
our  church ;  but  it  was  not  to  be.  The 
young  Westmoreland  lad  was  launched 
into  tne  great  world  ere  he  had  been 
advanced  to  the  dignity  of  a  tail-coat, 
and  lefl  home  with  a  necessarily  im- 

f)erfect  education,  so  far  as  mere  school- 
earning  was  concerned,  but  with  all 
the  advantages  of  good  home- training 
and  a  characteristic  maternal  warning 
deeply  rooted  in  his  heart,  "  Be  sure, 
Edward,  you  never  eat  the  bread  of 
idleness." 

On  his  arrival  in  London  he  went 
to  board  and  lodge  in  a  family  known 
to  his  parents,  and  in  which  his  bro- 
ther .John  was  already  an  inmate. 
Some  little  of  the  old  domestic  re- 
straint was  thus  maintained  over  him, 
his  brother  John  was  an  excellent 
companion  and  guide,  and  a  constant 
correspondence  upon  all  the  minutest 
topics  with  his  parents  kept  up  home 
interests  and  affections,  and  was  an 
admirable  and  much -needed  check 
upon  a  country  boy  suddenly  thrown 
into  ail  the  amusements  and  dissipa- 


tions of  the  metropolis,  and  employed 
at  first  from  half-past  9  till  4,  and 
afterwards  only  from  10  till  8.  These 
letters  continued  in  unbroken  series 
during  thirty  years,  and  were  all  reli- 
giously preserved  by  his  careful  mo- 
ther. Of  themselves  they  almost  con- 
stitute, says  Mr.  Birks,  an  autobiogra- 
phy. We  wish  they  had  been  used  less 
sparingly.  Amongst  his  earliest  letters 
is  one  which  contains  rules  lud  down 
by  him  for  the  expenditure  of  his 
quarterly  income.  \L  per  quarter  is 
set  apart  for  a  journey  home  in  the 
summer  time,  \0s.  because  his  father 
always  taught  him  to  live  within  his 
income,  7^.  for  books,  and  Is.  for 
amusements,  which  included  an  oc- 
casional visit  to  a  theatre  and  an  ex- 
cursion out  of  town  on  Sundays,  of 
all  which  he  gave  a  report  to  his 
friends  at  home. 

At  first  his  letters,  says  Mr.  Birks, 
are  more  childish  than  would  be 
penned  by  many  boys  of  the  same  age, 
but  training  in  the  business  of  the 
Post  Office,  and  afterwards  in  the 
Bloomsbury  or  lawyers  corps  of  vo- 
lunteers, together  with  the  influence 
of  advancing  years,  soon  developed 
better  things  in  him.  Both  his  brother 
and  himself  were,  in  fact,  too  good  for 
the  Post  Office,  and  it  was  not  long 
before  they  found  it  out.  The  diffi- 
culty and  expense  of  transferring 
themselves  to  professions  was  almost 
insuperable ;  but  where  there  is  a  will 
there  is  a  way,  and  after  a  time  John 
went  to  Cambridge  with  a  view  of  en- 
tering the  church,  and  even  before 
that  Edward  had  procured  at  first 
evening  employment,  and  afterwards 
a  constant  occupation  in  the  office  of 
a  Mr.  Bleasdale,  a  solicitor,  in  London. 
Tliis  gentleman  acted  towards  him  for 
many  years  the  part  of  a  kind  and 
liberal  friend,  taking  him  as  an  articled 
clerk  without  fee,  and  at  all  times 
treating  him  with  the  most  judicious 
and  discriminating  confidence. 

During  Edward  Bickersteth's  service 
in  the  Post  Office  that  change  came  over 
his  mind  and  heart  upon  religious  sub- 
jects which  was  the  real  turning  point 
of  bis  life.  Looking  to  the  human 
aids  in  effecting  this  great  change,  the 
instruments,  as  it  were,  made  use  of 
by  the  Holy  Spirit  in  bringing  it 
aoout,  we  may  especially  reckon  the 
pious  care  of  his  mother,  and  the  re- 


1851.] 


Edward  Bickersteth^ 


263 


ligious  companionship  of  his  brother 
John  ;  to  these  may  also  be  added  the 
perusal  of  Hervey*s  Theron  and 
Aspasio.  During  the  year  1806,  when 
in  the  20th  year  of  his  age,  his  heart 
became  fixed.  He  then  adopted  once 
for  all  the  principles  which  he  held 
fast  to  the  end.  What  those  princi- 
ples were  may  be  gathered  from  a 
clear  statement  in  a  letter  written  by 
him  to  his  brother  John  in  1808.  Had 
he  been  writing  on  such  a  subject  now, 
he  would  have  mentioned  a  fourth 
class  of  ministers  in  the  Church  of 
England — those  who  hold  Roman  doc- 
trine and  desire  t-o  return  to  the  su- 
perstitious yanities  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  In  1808  it  was  probably  cor- 
rect to  say, 

*'  There  seem  to  me,  in  the  Church  of 
England,  three  classes  of  ministers.  Those 
who  are  for  a  sober  religion,  t.  e.  a  reli- 
gion without  Christianity,  which  the 
heathen  discovered  before  us  ;  those  who 
partake  in  some  measure  of  enthusiasm, 
and,  I  fear,  encourage  pride  in  their 
hearers,  as  if  they  were  a  people  set  apart 
and  all  others  were  reprobates  ;  and  the 
truly  Christian  ministers  who  make  faith 
the  foundation  of  holiness,  but  make 
holiness  an  essential  evidence  of  faith  ;  who 
deny  the  least  merit  in  holiness,  and 
ascribe  our  salvation  altogether  to  a  Re- 
deemer.** (i.  44.) 

From  the  tenour  of  his  letters,  the 
change  soon  became  apparent  to  his 
parents,  who  were  alarmed  lest  he 
should  be  hurried  into  some  enthu- 
siasm, or  be  induced  to  leave  the 
Church.  His  r*nswer  seems  to  have 
allayed  their  anxiety,  if  not  altogether 
to  have  removed  it. 

"  Do  not  fear  our  attaching  ourselves 
to  any  sect.*  The  Church  of  England  is 
in  such  entire  conformity  to  the  Scriptures, 
that  while  we  reverence  them,  we  can  never 
forsake  it.  But  I  will  add  this,  that  many 
of  the  ministers  of  our  Church  do  not 
preach  either  the  doctrines  of  the  Church 
or  of  the  Scriptures  :  if  then  by  going  to 
others  of  its  regularly -ordained  ministers 
(call  them  Methodists  or  anything  else) 
we  can  hear  those  who  really  do  teach 
doctrines  in  entire  and  far  more  strict  con- 
formity to  the  articles  of  the  Church,  I 
think  it  a  duty  to  go  there."  (i.  43.) 

From  this  time  his  letters  and  jour- 
nals betoken  a  vivid  appreciation  of 


Christian  truth,  and  an  earnest  striv- 
ing after  Christian  exceUence.  The 
childish  youth  of  1801  had  become  not 
merely  a  man  of  business,  steady,  clever, 
active,  but  a  man  also  in  Christian  know- 
ledge and  attainments,  and  was  endea- 
vour! ng  assiduously,  and  day  by  dav,  not 
merely  to  store  his  mind  with  Chris- 
tian knowledge,  but  to  add  to  his  faith 
virtue  and  all  Christian  graces.  The 
contrast  may  not  seem  so  great  to 
persons  better  acquainted  with  the 
present  condition  of  lawyers*  offices 
than  ourselves ;  but  there  is  something 
in  this  part  of  Bickersteth'd  life,  as 
laid  open  in  his  letters  and  journals, 
which  appears  to  us  to  be  verv  strik- 
ing. We  make  no  doubt  that  the 
offices  of  lawyers,  like  society  gene- 
rally, have  partaken  in  the  great  im- 
provement in  decorum  and  outward 
morality  which  is  observable  within 
the  last  twenty  years  in  all  classes  of 
the  community  ;  but,  speaking  of  what 
such  offices  were,  to  our  knowledge, 
some  twelve  years  after  Bickersteth 
became  a  lawyer's  clerk,  we  can  scarcely 
conceive  a  situation  of  greater  diffi- 
culty and  trial  for  a  truly  Christian 
youth.  Bickersteth  was  no  doubt  to  a 
certain  degree  favoured  by  the  lateness 
at  which  he  was  articled.  At  twenty 
years  of  age  he  was  proof  against  many 
things  which  would  have  been  difficult 
to  combat  at  sixteen.  And  the  cir- 
cumstance of  his  being  in  the  office 
first  as  a  writing  clerk,  and  being  arti- 
cled without  a  fee,  would  throw  him 
into  an  inferior  grade  in  the  estimation 
of  many  smart  young  articled  clerks 
and  idlers  sent  from  country  offices  to 
make  a  twelve  months'  trial  of  London 
dissipation.  All  this  was  much  in  his 
favour;  but,  afler  all  allowances  are 
made,  his  situation  must  have  been 
one  of  great  difficulty  and  temptation. 
For  ten,  twelve,  and  in  case  of  neces- 
sity under  pressure  of  business  even 
thirteen  hours  and  longer,  was  be 
daily  occupied  in  his  office.  He  seems 
to  have  been  an  invaluable  clerk, 
zealous,  active,  and  intelligent — "  he 
does  the  work  of  three  or  four,"  was  the 
testimony  of  bis  master — competent 
after  a  little  while  to  take  the  manage- 
ment of  any  branch  of  the  business, 
and  never  wanting  in  exertion  when 


He  is  apparently  alluding  to  his  brother  as  well  as  himself. 


264 


Edward  Bickei*steth. 


tSept. 


duty  called.  "I  never  had  a  clerk 
who  got  through  so  much  business," 
again  remarked  Mr.  Bleasdale,  '^  nor 
one  whose  heart  seemed  so  little  in  it.** 
The  business  he  had  to  attend  to  con- 
cerned *'  disputes  and  contentions, 
where,"  he  says,  "  it  is  ver^r  oflen  diffi- 
cult to  tell  which  is  the  right  course, 
and  still  more  difficult  to  follow  it ; 
and  where  it  is  very  easy  to  be  carried 
away  by  the  passions  of  the  moment 
beyond  the  bounds  which  cooler  hours 
will  show  to  be  right."  A  part  of  it 
was  "  a  very  hurrymg,  bustlmg,  busi- 
ness, and  required  continual  attention 
to  prevent  serious  omissions  and  mis- 
takes ;  "  an  anxious  business,  in  which 
it  was  necessary  to  be  ever  on  the  look- 
out against  chicanery  and  sharp  prac- 
tice, and  where  there  was  much  to  do, 
a  business  which  kept  the  blood  at 
fever-heat  and  the  mind  in  a  constant 
turmoil  of  doubt  and  care. 

'*  There  is  so  much  anxiety  of  mind/*  he 
wrote,  "  attending  the  multitude  of  causes 
I  now  have  (I  believe  I  have  about  80), 
and  so  much  bustling  business  in  New 
Inn,  that  my  mind  is  half  distracted  at 
times  ;  and  though  I  have,  I  think  I  may 
justly  say,  through  the  kiud  providence  of 
God — escaped  mistakes  and  errors  of  any 
importance  hitherto,  yet  the  fear  of  them 
is  harassing." 

Such  was  his  business.  Of  his  com- 
panions in  the  office,  with  whom  he 
must  perforce  in  some  measure  asso- 
ciate, no  one  will  be  surprised  that  he 
describes  them  as  neglecting  religion, 
careless,  indifferent ;  nor  will  any  one 
doubt  that  ^*  a  pious  managing  clerk  " 
must  have  been  to  them  an  object  of 
especial  scoffing,  ridicule,  and  jest.  It 
marks  Bickersteth*s  discretion  in  a 
very  striking  manner,  that  his  letters 
do  not  dwell  upon  annoyances  from 
this  cause.  We  may  feel  assured  they 
were  sufficiently  numerous. 

But  follow  we  now  this  solitary  lad, 
who  was  at  this  time  living  a  life  of 
uncontrolled  independence  in  cham- 
bers, from  these  scenes  of  daily  bustle 
and  vexation  to  his  humble  apartment 
in  New  Inn,  or  llatton  Court.  What 
see  we  there  ?  He  rises  before  the  sun 
to  read  the  Bible  and  seek  on  his  knees 
that  spiritual  strength  which  may  carry 
him  scatheless  through  the  day ;  he 
outwatches  the  night  m  tears  and  peni- 
tence for  his  daily  failings.  His  diary 
testifies  to  his  agonising  conscious- 
5 


ness  of  his  own  spiritual  deficiencies, 
and  his  earnest  striving  afler  higher 
attainments  in  holiness.  That  his  life 
was  free  from  gross  sin  it  is  unneces- 
sary to  remark ;  but  his  private  jour- 
nals mark  his  rigid  watchfulness  over 
his  conduct  even  in  trifles,  and  his 
bitter  penitence  for  the  smallest  devi- 
ations from  the  strict  path  of  Christian 
vigilance — for  the  sharp  answer  in  the 
midst  of  a  tumult  of  business,  the  lost 
or  misspent  hour,  the  wandering  of 
the  thoughts  in  prayer,  the  unchari- 
table wish,  or  the  coldness  of  the  heart. 
This  contrast  between  his  hurried 
business-life  and  his  solitary  private 
life  from  about  twenty  to  twenty- three, 
between  the  life  of  the  admirable  at- 
torney's clerk  and  that  of  the  humble 
seeker  after  righteousness,  is  to  us 
most  interesting.  There  is  a  Christian 
heroism  in  his  conduct  here  which  no- 
thing but  the  predominance  of  princi- 
ples the  lofliest  and  the  deepest  could 
nave  maintained.  And  those  principles 
were  all-pervading.  His  letters  to  his 
parents,  to  his  brother  John,  to  his 
sisters,  his  private  journals,  his  written 
prayers  (one  at  p.  95  we  should  like 
to  have  quoted  if  we  had  had  space), 
all  tell  the  same  tale— one  whicn  it  is 
impossible  to  doubt,  or  to  construe 
otherwise  than  that  God  had  marked 
him  for  his  own. 

In  1809  he  formed  an  acquaintance 
which  very  materially  influenced  his 
after  life.  Mr.  Thomas  Bignold,  a 
young  man  of  Bickersteth*s  own  age, 
came  up  from  Norwich  to  complete 
his  legal  studies  in  Mr.  Bleasaale*s 
office.  Mr.  Bleasdale  introduced  him 
to  Bickersteth,  of  whom  his  fellow- 
clerks  reported,  "  You  will  get  a  great 
deal  out  of  him,  but  he  is  a  terrible 
Methodist.**  The  accusation  was  not 
one  which  alarmed  Bignold,  who  was 
that  way  inclined  himself.  He  thought 
Bickersteth  "  Not  much  of  a  genUe- 
man,''  but  he  cultivated  his  acquaint- 
ance with  a  view  to  advantage  in  his 
professional  studies,  and  afler  a  while 
mvited  him  to  his  lodgings.  Bicker- 
steth turned  eagerly  to  nis  new  fTiend*8 
book-case,  and  at  once  found  out  his 
man.  As  heart  answereth  to  heart  so 
do  books  to  books.  On  the  shelves  of 
his  well-to-do  young  friend  Bicker- 
steth found  the  v^ry  books,  and  simi- 
lar books  to  those  which  he  had  been 
slowly  gathering  together,  not  unfre- 


1851.] 


Edward  Bickersteth. 


265 


quentlj  cutting  off  a  dinner  to  secure 
a  book.  Such  an  acquaintance  soon 
ripened.  During  the  foUowinglong 
vacation  Bickersteth  went  into  West- 
merland,  which  he  generally  did  about 
every  second  year.  In  order  that  Big- 
nold  might  accompany  him,  Bickersteth 
took  Norwich  in  his  way,  and  there 
found  a  sweetheart  in  his  friend's  eldest 
sister.  At  the  end  of  his  articles,  that 
is  in  1811,  Mr.  Bleasdale  liberally  re- 
leased him  from  a  promise  to  remain 
two  years  longer  in  his  office,  and  he 
went  to  Norwich,  married  on  9th  May, 
1812,  and  entered  into  partnership  with 
his  friend  Bignold. 

He  practised  as  a  lawyer  in  Nor- 
wich from  1812  to  1815.  The  business 
with  which  he  was  connected  flourished, 
and  became  one  of  the  most  influential 
businesses  in  that  city.  But  there 
was  other  work  for  Bickersteth  to  do, 
and  he  was  ordained  to  that  other 
work  by  the  hands  of  Bishop  Bathurst 
at  the  end  of  the  year  1815.  The 
way  in  which  this  change  was  brought 
about  is  clearly  detailed  in  the  book 
before  us.  During  the  later  years  of 
Bickersteth*s  articles  and  residence  in 
London  he  had  become  personally  ac- 
quainted with  Mr.  Budd  and  Mr. 
Pratt,  two  zealous  and  well-known 
clergymen.  Under  their  direction,  he 
had  entered  warmly  into  the  various 
societies  and  schemes  of  usefulness 
with  which  they  were  connected,  and 
especially  into  the  Spitalfields  Bene- 
volent Society,  established  by  Mr. 
Pratt,  and  of  which  Bickersteth  be- 
came secretary.  The  Bible  Society 
and  Missionary  Society  had  also,  and  of 
course,  engrossed  a  considerable  share 
of  his  interest  and  zeal.  In  connection 
with  such  institutions  nothing  is  so 
valuable  as  discreet  lay  assistance,  and 
in  Bickersteth  the  clergy  with  whom 
he  came  into  co-operation  found  all 
that  could  be  desired ;  business  habits, 
sincere  piety,  and  ardent  zeal.  On  his 
removal  to  Norwich  he  entered  upon 
a  similar  course.  A  Bible  Society  had 
been  recently  established  there  under 
the  influence  of  the  Gumeys.  Bicker- 
steth not  only  supported  it  warmly, 
but  entered  upon  his  career  as  an 
author,  by  publishing  a  little  work  in 
connection  with  it.  "  Friend  Bicker- 
steth,"* said  John  Joseph  Gurney,  at  a 
meeting  of  the  Norwich  Society,  "they 
have  got  new  bibles,  thee  must  tell 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


them  how  to  read  them.*'  Bickersteth 
spoke  a  few  simple  practical  sentences 
upon  the  subject.  "  Now,  friend," 
added  Mr.  Gurney,  "  thee  must  put 
that  into  a  little  book,  that  they  may 
have  it  to  read  again."  Such  was  the 
origin  of  a  book  which  has  been 
translated  into  many  of  the  languages 
of  Europe,  and  of  which  probably 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  copies  have 
been  circulated. 

As  yet  there  was  no  Missionary 
Society  at  Norwich.  "  There  shall  be 
one,"  said  Bickersteth,  "if  I  stand 
alone  on  the  Castle  Hill  to  proclaim  it, 
and  my  wife  be  secretary."  He  sounded 
the  trumpet  throughout  the  county, 
he  engaged  Mr.  Pratt  and  the  present 
Bishop  of  Calcutta  to  come  down  and 
help  him.  A  noble  meeting  was  got 
up,  and  700/.  subscribed  on  the  spot. 
During  all  this  time  his  heart  was 
yearning  to  enter  the  Church.  He  had 
consulted  his  brother  John  upon  the 
subject  in  1810,  but  it  was  then  laid 
aside.  In  1815  "difficulties  arose  in 
carryins  on  business  on  the  principles 
which  he  and  his  partner  had  de- 
termined to  follow,  and  he  doubted 
whether  duty  would  not  compel  him 
to  leave  Norwich."  He  opened  his 
mind  to  Mr.  Pratt,  who  proposed  to 
him  that  he  should  quit  his  present 

Profession,  seek  ordination  from  the 
(ishop  of  Norwich,  who,  there  was 
reason  to  hope,  would  dispense  with 
the  usual  university  course,  come  up 
to  London  to  assist  Mr.  Pratt  in  his 
ministry  and  in  the  work  of  the  Church 
Missionary  Society,  which  he  wholly 
conducted,  reside  in  the  missionary 
house,  and  superintend  the  missionaries 
there  (i.  244-5.)  This  proposal  with 
some  modiflcations  was  carrie^i  through. 
Bickersteth  was  ordained  on  the  10th 
December,  1815,  and  on  the  afternoon 
of  the  same  day  a  crowd  flocked  to 
St.  Gregory's  at  Norwich  "to  hear 
the  lawyer  preach  I" 

One  of  the  modifications  before  al- 
luded to  consisted  in  this.  The  com- 
mittee of  the  Missionary  Society  was 
in  need  of  some  one  to  go  out  to 
Africa  as  authoritative  visitor  of  their 
stations  in  that  country.  His  duty 
would  be  to  investigate  on  the  spot  a 
variety  of  indicated  circumstances,  to 
determine  localities  for  stations,  to  hear 
complaints,  to  remedy  imperfections, 
and  generally  to  put  the  missionary 

2M 


266 


Edward  Bickersteth. 


affairs  into  the  best  possible  condition, 
with  especial  reference  to  the  slave 
trade,  and  the  feelings  entertained  to- 
wards the  missionaries  by  the  native 
chiefs.  Bickers teth  sailed  on  this  im- 
portant duty  early  in  January,  1816, 
but  was  driven  mto  Portsmouth  by 
stress  of  weather  and  remained  there 
for  three  weeks.  Sailing  again  on  the 
24th,  he  landed  at  Groree  on  the  22nd 
February  just  in  time  to  bury  the  chief 
medical  man  of  that  settlement.  Vi- 
siting Sierra  Leone  and  Rio  Fongas, 
he  remained  in  that  land  of  death  until 
the  7th  June,  when  he  sailed  for  Bar- 
bados on  his  return.  On  the  17th 
August  he  landed  at  Dover.  These 
volumes  contain  many  interesting  par- 
ticulars of  his  mission,  but  we  have 
not  space  to  give  to  them. 

On  his  return  from  Africa  Bicker- 
steth  entered  at  once  on  the  office  of 
Secretary  to  the  Missionary  Society. 
He  resided  in  the  Mission  House, 
carrie<l  on  the  correspondence  and  tra- 
velled throughout  the  country,  stirring 
up  zeal  on  behalf  of  the  Society  by 
speeches  at  public  meetings  and  ser- 
mons wherever  he  could  obtain  the 
use  of  a  pulpit.  On  his  first  return 
his  personal  observations  in  Africa  were 
his  great  theme.  "He  drew  vivid 
pictures  of  the  degradation  and  misery 
he  had  beheld,"  contrasting  them  with 
the  blessings  and  benefits  to  which  he 
had  returned,  and,  although  not  in  any 
sense  "a  finished  orator,"  being  de- 
fective in  action  and  unfavoured  in 
voice,  his  earnestness  and  evident  sin- 
cerity, his  practical  judgment  and  his 
"  ready  tact  in  bringing  forward  those 
topics  most  likely  to  touch  the  hearts 
of  his  hearers,  conspired  to  make  him 
one  of  the  most  successful  of  mis- 
sionary advocates."  This  course  of  life 
continued,  with  some  changes,  for  four- 
teen years — from  1 8 1 6  to  1 830— during 
the  latter  part  of  which  he  added  to  his 
labours  for  the  Society  the  ministry  of 
Wheler  Street  Chapel,  now  St.  Mary's 
Church  in  Spitalfields,  which  had  been 
formerly  served  by  Mr.  Pratt.  This 
last  duty  lie  of  course  performed  very 
imperfectly,  on  account  of  his  frequent 
absences  from  home. 

In  1830  changes  in  the  Missionary 
Society  occasioned  his  resignation  of 
his  secretaryship,  and  in  a  few  days 
afterwards  Abel  Smith,  esq.  ofiTered 
him  the  rectory  of  Watton,  in  Hert- 


[Sept. 

fordshire,  which  had  been  lately  filled 
by  Dr.  Dealtry. 

Watton  is  one  of  the  most  delightfol 
of  village  rectories.  Situate  in  an  agree- 
able country,  it  has  an  agricultural 
population  of  between  800  and  900 ; 
a  pleasant  and  commodious  rectory; 
a  friendly  and  benevolent  resident 
squire,  of  large  fortune,  and  ever 
ready  to  join  in  any  schemes  for  the 
benefit  of  the  poor ;  a  competent  in- 
come, and  a  healthy,  easily-accessible 
situation  —  advantages  these  seldom 
combined.  There,  in  the  possession  of 
all  these  good  things,  Edward  Bicker- 
steth  passed  twenty  years  of  his  life. 
He  remained  there  until  called  to  ren- 
der up  his  account  on  the  28th  Fe- 
bruary, 1850  \  and  there  he  rests  from 
his  labours,  and  innumerable,  we  doubt 
not,  are  the  good  works  which  follow 
him. 

And  yet  we  should  not  discharge 
our  conscience  if  we  did  not  state  that 
it  may  be  doubted  whether  Edward 
Bickersteth  was  a  good  parish  clergy- 
man. That  he  was  a  good  man  we 
rejoice  to  know ;  that  he  was  an  ho- 
noured and  valuable  servant  of  his 
Master  we  devoutly  believe ;  but  we 
deem  it  transparently  clear  that  he 
erred  in  judgment  when  he  left  his 
flock  and  his  family  to  the  extent 
which  he  did,  and  went  over  the 
country  advocating  all  kinds  of  so- 
cieties, still  keeping  up  when  rector  of 
Watton  almost  the  same  wanderinff, 
exciting,  exhausting  way  of  life  whidi 
he  led  when  secretary  of  the  Mission- 
ary Society.  This  is  a  theme  upon 
which  we  do  not  love  to  dwell.  Would 
that  it  had  not  lain  in  our  way  to 
make  the  remark;  but  in  our  judg- 
ment the  mistake  is  palpable,  and  it 
should  be  registered  against  a  man 
whom  every  body  will  love  in  spite  of 
it,  in  order  that  worse  men  may  not 
justify  themselves  by  his  example. 

It  was  very  natural  that  he  should 
fall  into  this  error.  In  his  travels  all 
over  the  country  as  missionary  secre- 
tary he  had  formed  a  very  extensive 
ana  friendly  acquaintance  amongst  the 
clergy.  He  was  a  discreet  man,  a 
safe  man,  a  man  whose  judgment  was 
sure  to  be  sought,  and  as  he  went  from 
house  to  house,  from  rectory  to  vicar- 
age, he  was  consulted  right  and  left, 
very  much  in  preference  to  interested 
or  prejudiced  neighbours.    A  course 


1851.] 


Edward  JBickersteth, 


267 


like  this  reiterated  year  by  year,  or 
oftener,  and  the  acquaintance  kept  up 
by  correspondence  and  occasional  inter- 
views in  London,  and  by  the  rendering 
of  those  services  which  residents  in  the 
metropolis  can  render  to  inhabitants  in 
the  country,  and  kept  up  too  for  a 
period  of  fifteen  years ; — what  was  the 
result  ?  Edward  Bickersteth  had  be- 
come a  power.  His  voice  weighed  with 
numbers,  his  example  influenced  that 
great  host  amongst  both  clergy  and  laity 
who  follow  a  leader.  When  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  Watton  what  was  to  be  done  ? 
Was  this  influence  to  be  abandoned  ? 
We  are  told  that  Watton  and  the 
preservation  of  this  influence  were 
"  rival  duties."  We  cannot  think  so. 
To  say  so  is  to  argue  that  the  power 
would  have  been  lost  if  Bickersteth*s 
zeal  had  not  consented  still  to  supply 
in  great  part  the  duty  he  had  re- 
linquished. The  argument  is  a  faith- 
less one.  The  influence  might  have 
been  lost  to  Bickersteth ;  but  if  the 
power  were  good,  and  it  was  God's 
will  that  it  should  have  been  con- 
tinued, what  is  deemed  a  loss  would 
have  been  merely  a  transfer.  He  would 
have  provided  without  that  loss  to 
Watton  which  cried  aloud,  even  after 
the  new  rector's  first  missionary  jour- 
ney. Too  often  was  he  sent  home  to 
his  parish,  after  these  journeys  and 
labours,  a  mere  jaded,  worn-out  man, 
unable  to  give  due  attention  to  the  little 
flock  he  had  left  in  the  wilderness. 

It  was  at  Watton  that  Bickersteth 
did  most  of  his  literary  work.  There 
he  edited  the  Christian  Family  Li- 
brary, The  Christian  Psalmody  (of 
which  more  than  150,000  copies  have 
been  sent  forth  into  all  lands),  a  Prac- 
tical Guide  to  the  Prophecies,  his 
Family  Prayers,  and  many  other 
books,  all  excellent,  and  extensively 
useful.  Such  of  them  as  were  books 
for  the  time,  books  which  supplied 
wants  and  combated  errors  which 
were  rife  at  the  moment,  will  soon 
disappear ;  but  his  Psalms  and  Prayers 
will,  we  hope,  rejoice  Christian  hearts 
for  many  generations  yet  to  come. 
They  speak  of  his  own  sincerity  and 
zeal,  they  are  the  reflections  of  his 
warm-hearted  piety. 

Of  the  man  himself,  such  as  he  lived, 
the  book  before  us  contains  much  in- 
teresting information.  In  the  dispo- 
sition of  hitf  time  he  was  regular,  me- 


thodical, active,  and  energetic  in  a 
degree  which  can  scarcely  be  estimated 
by  ordinary  people.  His  house  was 
"  a  little  hive  of  busy,  happy  workers." 
He  was  a  very  early  riser,  and  two  or 
three  of  his  most  popular  works  were 
composed  in  these  morning  hours  be- 
fore the  business  of  a  laborious  day 
began.  He  enjoyed  a  cold  bath  every 
morning,  summer  and  winter,  breaking 
the  ice  when  necessary.  Before  break- 
fast he  took  a  quiet  walk,  which  was 
given  up  to  devotion  ;  at  its  close  his 
family  joined  him,  one  by  one,  and, 
when  they  were  young,  it  was  his 
custom  to  hear  them  repeat^  at  this 
period  of  the  day,  passages  of  Scrip- 
ture set  them  to  be  committed  to 
memory.  Breakfast  was  always  a 
cheerful  meal.  The  letters  arrived. 
Conversation  embraced  every  topic  of 
the  day,  and  never  flagged.  It  was 
a  time  of  great  interest  and  enjoyment 
to  the  whole  family,  and  Bickersteth's 
principal  ordinary  opportunity  of  un- 
restricted intercourse  with  his  chil- 
dren. At  half-past  eight  there  was 
a  family  morning  service.  A  hymn 
was  sung,  accompanied  on  the  burp 
and  piano,  or  one  of  them.  Bicker- 
steth joined  heartily,  although  often 
not  musically.  "Gifted  himself  neither 
with  a  good  voice  nor  a  very  correct 
ear,"  he  yet  took  great  delight  in  all 
family  or  cotigregational  singing.  Some 
of  his  expositions  of  Scripture,  as  de- 
livered in  these  family  services,  have 
been  published  under  the  title  of 
"Family  Expositions."  These  were 
taken  down  by  his  children.  They 
were  always  "  simple,  earnest,  homely, 
full  of  life  and  power."  His  prayers 
were  devout  and  fervent.  In  them 
"  it  was  his  custom  to  introduce  the 
mention  of  each  passing  circumstance 
of  domestic  interest.  No  servant  left 
or  joined  the  family,  no  one  set  out 
on  a  journey,  or  returned  from  it,  was 
laid  aside  with  sickness  or  recovered, 
without  a  separate  petition  or  thanks- 
giving in  these  morning  devotions  of 
the  household." 

Prayers  over,  then  followed  his  time 
of  study,  during  which  access  to 
him  was  a  privilege  carefully  limited. 
In  this  he  owed  ver^  much,  as  he 
oft«n  used  to  say,  to  his  beloved  wife, 
who  was  accustomed  to  stand  between 
him  and  all  interruption.  A  quiet 
study  was  indispensable  to  him.     He 


268 


Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art.  [Sept/ 


read  generally  with  a  direct  purpose, 
and  with  great  rapidity.  On  nis  desk 
was  fastened  a  little  paper  of  the 
day*s  agenda^  and  it  was  generally  got 
through. 

About  an  hour  before  dinner  he 
summoned  his  family  for  a  walk,  which, 
for  his  health*s  sake,  he  was  careful  to 
make  a  real  relaxation,  and  not  a  con- 
tinuation of  study  in  the  open  air. 
Afler  dinner  a  few  minutes  were  given 
to  conversation,  and  then  a  little  time 
in  the  study  to  close  up  the  day*8 
agenda  there.  About  four  he  went 
down  to  the  village,  visited  the  schools 
and  his  sick  parishioners,  and,  after  an 
early  tea,  passed  the  evening  (if  he  had 
no  curate)  in  giving  a  cottage  or  school- 
room lecture,  or  leading  a  prayer  meet- 
ing, or,  if  at  home,  in  study  or  compo- 
sition. He  must  have  written  with 
great  rapidity. 

In  recent  politics  and  legislation  in 
reference  to  ecclesiastical  questions, 
and  also  in  public  discussions  with 
respect  to  the  state  of  the  English 
Church  since  the  appearance  of  the 
Tracts  for  the  Times,  ^ickersteth  took 
a  prominent  part.  He  opposed  Roman 
Catholic  emancipation,  and  the  in- 
crease of  the  May  nooth  grant;  he  was 
a  leader  in  the  Evangelical  alliance, 
and  a  determined  opponent  to  Tracta- 
rianism  in  all  its  phases.  We  have 
exhausted  our  space,  and  cannot  give 
even  a  line  to  his  mode  of  treating 
Buch  subjects.  Whoever  wishes  to 
consider  them  will  find  ample  expla- 
nations in  the  book  before  us,  but  the 
time  has  not  yet  come  for  forming  a 
proper  estimate  of  his  character  in  this 
view  of  it.  What  is  important  now  to 
be  known  about  him  these  interesting 
volumes  establish  conclusively; — that 
he  was  a  pious,  humble  Christian,  an 


ardent  thirster  afler  righteousness,  an 
affectionate  and  devoted  servant  of  faia 
Lord, 

In  1841  he  suffered  from  an  attack 
of  paralysis  brought  on  by  over-ex- 
ertion. It  was  a  warning,  but  did  not 
act  as  such.  In  1846  he  was  thrown 
out  of  a  gig,  and  the  wheel  of  a  cart 
passed  over  him.  Besides  other  in- 
juries, he  suffered  a  terrible  fracture 
of  one  of  his  legs.  Still  he  recovered, 
and  was  almost  as  active  as  ever. 
£arly  in  1850  he  was  attacked  with 
congestion  of  the  brain.  It  advanced 
gradually  in  spite  of  medical  treat- 
ment, and,  on  the  28th  February,  be 
died  in  peace — ^the  peace  of  that  gospel 
which  had  ever  been  the  joy  of  nis 
heart. 

We  be^an  with  praise  of  the  eenera* 
tion  of  Bickersteths  of  whom  Edward 
Bickersteth  was  one.  Several  of  them 
have  now  disappeared  from  amongst 
us,  and  those  who  remain  cannot  in 
the  course  of  nature  be  far  from  the 
confines  of  that  night  when  no  man 
can  work.  But  the  race  does  not  de- 
teriorate. The  history  of  the  succeed* 
in^  generation  opens  well.  Edward 
Bickersteth  has  Idfl  a  son  in  whom 
we  see  more  than  his  father*s  talents 
improved  by  better  academical  train- 
ing; less  excitability,  and  vet  with 
more  imagination ;  equal  zeal  but  not 
impeded  m  its  display  by  any  such 
early  drawbacks  as  forced  that  of  the 
father  into  one  peculiar  channel ;  if  it 
pleases  the  great  Head  of  the  Church 
to  endue  him  with  the  same  ardent  love 
of  the  Redeemer  which  ever  lighted 
up  his  father*s  heart,  the  Church  may 
yet  owe  deeper  obligations  to  Edward 
Bickersteth  than  even  those  which  are 
enumerated  in  this  valuable  and  im- 
portant work. 


CHRISTIAN  ICONOGRAPHY  AND  LEGENDARY  ART. 

By  J.  G.  Waller. 
The  Symbols  or  the  Four  Evangelists. 


THE  history  of  the  Evangelistic 
Symbols,  although  so  intimately  con- 
nected in  its  origin  with  the  sub- 
ject last  treated  of,  in  fact  identical 
with  it,  has  nevertheless  a  portion  so 
distinct  as  to  warrant  its  being  sepa- 


rated. Durinff  the  first  centuries  of 
Christianity,  when  the  dread  of  idola- 
try made  the  infant  community  re- 
ject all  direct  representation  as  hav- 
ing a  dangerous  tendency,  signs  were 
adopted  which  might  faintly  shadow 


1851.] 


The  Symbols  of  the  Four  Evangelitte. 


269 


forth  peculiar  Christian  doctrines,  until, 
as  we  have  before  shown,  such  was  the 
extravagance   of  their  use   that  the 
Church  forbad  them,  and  commended 
that  which  in  earlier  ages  they  had  so 
strenuously  condemned.    It  is  during 
this  perioa  that  we  meet  with  the 
evangelists  figured  as  springs  of  water 
issuing  from  a  rock.    This  occurs  on 
a  very  early  monument  representing 
the  figure  of  Christ  holding  a  scroll  in 
his  Im  hand,  the  other  up-raised  in 
the  act  of  speaking,  standmg  upon  a 
rock,  the  mountain  of  paradise,  and  on 
his  right  side  the  lamb,  with  its  head 
surmounted  by  a  cross  ;  thus  we  have 
the  symbol  and  representation  toge- 
ther :  from  the  foot  of  the  mountain 
four  springs  or  jets  of  water  are  issu- 
ing.    The  various    expressions   that 
are  met  with  in  Scripture  allusive  to 
the  doctrines  of  Christy  such  as  the 
'•  waters  of  life,"  the  "  fountains  of  liv- 
ing waters,"  would  at  once  be  sugges- 
tive of  an  inter{M*etation  of  the  above- 
described  composition;  but  the  pas- 
sage from  St.   Faul*s   1    Corinthians, 
chap.  X.  verse  4,  ''  They  did  all  drink 
the  same  spiritual  drink,  for  thev  drank 
of  that  spiritual  rock   that  followed 
them,  and  that  rock  was  Christ,"  seems 
to  give  at  once  a  key  to  the  subject, 
and  is  quite  in  accord  with  the  princi- 
ple of  endeavouring  to  convey  a  spiri- 
tual idea  by  sensible    objects.      St. 
Paulinus,  Bishop  of  Nola,  in  the  poetical 
description   of  the   church  which  he 
erected  and  adorned  with  paintings, 
describes  this  subject  in  the  following 
lines : — 

Petram  snperstat  ipse  Petra  ecclesiae, 
De  qoa  sonori  qaatoor  fontes  meant, 
EvangelistB,  viTa  Christi  flumina. 

Ep.  xxiiL 

Thus  this  subject,  representing  Christ 
teaching  his  apostles,  figures  him  as 
the  rock  from  which  issue  the  springs 
of  "  living  waters,"  t.tf.  his  doctrines, 
flowing  throughout  the  earth.  Du- 
randus,  in  his  Rationale,  enlarges  still 
further  upon  the  idea.  He  sa^rs,  '*  The 
river  which  issues  from  Paradise,  from 
the  place  of  delist,  waters  all  the  face 
of  the  earth.  This  river  is  divided 
into  four  parts,  which  signify  the  four 
modes  of  interpreting  the  Holy  Scrip- 
ture.   Thus   Holy  Scripture  is  well 


compared  everywhere  to  a*  river,  for 
by    its   depth  the   Scripture   is   like 

Euteus  aquarum  viventium,  *  a  well  of 
ving  waters.* "  The  introduction  of 
the  four  mystic  animals  occurs  in  some 
instances  in  combination  with  the 
earlier  symbol  of  "  the  springs,"  and 
according  to  the  poet  Florus  the  apsis 
of  the  Church  of  St.  John  at  Lyons 
was  decorated  with  the  four  mystic 
animals  and  the  four  rivers  of  Paradise. 
There  is  a  direct  analogy  between  this 
representation  and  an  Indian  nyth. 
'*  On  the  mountain  of  Merou  lies  the 
concealed  power  of  God.  On  this  moun- 
tain dwell  four  powerful  animals,  from 
whose  mouths  escape  great  rivers. 
These  animals  are  the  horse,  the  camel, 
the  stag,  and  the  ox."* 

The  received  symbols,  however,  of 
the  Evangelists  were  soon  determined, 
and  their  analogy  and  connection  with 
the  mystic  combinations  of  EzekiePs 
vision  acknowledged  from  the  earliest 
times.  The  passage  of  Scripture  which 
has  particular  reference  to  the  origin 
of  the  symbols,  as  applied  to  the 
Evangelists,  is  that  given  in  the  book 
of  the  Kevelations,  chap.  iv.  verse  6, 
which  describes  the  four  beasts  in  the 
presence  of  the  throne,  thus : — 

'*  And  before  the  throne  there  was  a 
sea  of  glass  like  unto  a  crystal ;  and  in  the 
midst  of  the  throne,  and  round  about  the 
throne,  were  foar  beasts  full  of  eyes  before 
and  behind.  And  the  first  beast  was  like 
a  lion,  and  the  second  beast  was  like  a 
calf,  and  the  third  beast  had  a  face  as  a 
man,  and  the  fourth  beast  was  like  a  flying 
eagle.  And  the  four  beasts  had  each<d 
them  six  wings  about  him,  and  they  were 
full  of  eyes  within." 

It  is  remarkable,  however,  that  the 
ascription  of  six  wings  to  these  mys- 
terious forms  is  not  in  accordance  with 
the  received  type  that  Christian  art 
has  handed  down  to  us,  nor  do  I  re- 
member, amongst  all  the  variations,  to 
have  seen  an  example  which  directly 
illustrates  this  text  in  that  p%^ou- 
lar,  notwithstanding  the  numerous  in- 
stances that  are  extant  of  the  en- 
throned Deity  and  the  attendant  mvs- 
tic  symbols.  It  seems  indeed  probable 
that,  although  texts  and  passages  of 
Scripture  gave  origin  to  many  conven- 
tions, yet  that  there  were  others  that 


♦  Creuzer,  Relig.  de  T Antiquity,  trad.  Guigniaut,  torn.  i.  p.  342, 


270 


Christian  Iconography  and  Legendary  Art,  [Sept. 


arose  from  different  sources,  and  must 
without  doubt  be  looked  for  in  the 
practice  of  art  at  the  time  when  the 
conventions  had  their  rise.  The  winged 
bull  and  lion  of  the  Nineveh  collec- 
tion offer  the  most  direct  analogy  that 
we  possess  of  ancient  remains  with 
the  mystic  symbols ;  these  are  in  prin- 
ciple precisely  the  same,  with  excep- 
tion of  the  human  head,  which  is 
adopted  in  both,  but  they  have  each 
one  pair  of  wings  displayed  in  the  act 
of  motion.  Many  other  ancient  sym- 
bolic combinations,  such  as  the  sphinx, 
and  the  harpy,  are  winged,  and  might 
have  afforded  a  hint  to  the  early 
Christian  artist  who  as  closely  as  pos- 
sible adapted  the  pagan  ideas  in  the 
application  of  art  to  the  new  religion. 
It  IS  at  any  rate  certain,  that  the  pas- 
sage from  Revelations  and  the  Vision 
of  Ezekiel  have  both  been  considered, 
from  the  earliest  times,  as  the  autho- 
rities for  the  symbolic  representations 
of  the  Evangelists,  notwithstanding  the 
very  obvious  variations  from  both  these 
texts. 

The  received  type  under  which  the 
symbols  appear,  even  from  the  earliest 
age,  may  be  described  in  a  few  words  : 
St.  Matthew  is  represented  by  the 
figure  of  an  angel,  holding  either  a 
scroll  or  a  book  of  the  Gospel ;  St. 
John  by  the  eagle ;  St.  Mark  by  a 
winged  lion ;  and  St.  Luke  by  a  winged 
ox  or  bull.  All  have  the  scroll  or 
book  of  the  Gospel,  like  the  emblem 
of  St.  Matthew.  It  does  not  appear, 
however,  that  a  general  consent  was  at 
all  times  given  to  this  appropriation 
of  the  mystic  animals;  the  early  writers 
are,  many  of  them,  far  from  being  in 
accord  upon  this  point,  and  examples  in 
art  of  a  later  date  may  be  found  where 
there  is  an  equal  want  of  consent  with 
acknowledged  conventions.  St.  Irse- 
neus  gives  the  angel  to  St.  Matthew, 
the  eagle  to  St.  Mark,  the  ox  to  St. 
Luke,  and  the  lion  to  St.  John.*  St. 
Augustine  gives  the  lion  to  St.  Mat- 
thew, the  angel  to  St.  Mark,  the  ox  to 
St.  Luke,  and  the  eagle  to  St.  John.f 
St.  Jerome  gives  them  according  to 
the  types  since  universally  received  ; 
so  that  it  would  seem  that  the  ox  to 
St.  Luke  is  the  only  one  that  has  had 
no  variation.     Even  this  emblem  in 


the  works  of  a  Flemish  painter  at 
Antwerp,  Gerard  Seghers,  is  given  to 
St.  Matthew ;  but  an  artist  of  the 
seventeenth  century  is  not  of  much 
authority,  and  it  may  therefore  be  con- 
cluded that  the  opinion  of  St.  Jerome 
has  been  generally  followed  and  ac- 
knowledged. 

It  cannot  be  said  that  the  symbols  of 
the  evangelists  have,  like  many  other 
figures  of  Christian  Iconography,  ex- 
hibited marked  changes  or  variations 
in  their  types,  so  as  to  indicate  a  par- 
ticular period,  for  nearly  all  are  to  be 
found  in  the  earlier  ages.  Among  the 
mosaics  in  some  of  the  early  Christian 
churches,  as  in  that  of  St.  Vitalis  at 
Ravenna,  of  the  sixth  century,  we  have 
the  figures  of  the  evangelists  with  their 
symbols  distinct,  but  associated  with 
them,  in  this  case  having  no  nimbus ; 
and  in  the  apse  of  the  oratory  of  St. 
Venantius,  which  is  annexed  to  the 
baptistry  of  Constantine  at  Rome,  they 
are  under  the  usual  type,  as  followed 
down  to  the  sixteenth  century.  It 
does  not  appear  that  the  artist  attended 
to  any  particular  rule  with  regard  to 
giving  wings  to  the  mystic  animals 
when  they  are  associated  with  the 
figures  of  the  evangelists  themselves, 
as  they  are  found  both  with  and  with- 
out; but  towards  the  period  of  the 
Reformation  the  wings  are  very  fre- 
quently suppressed,  and  the  symbols, 
losing  altogether  their  mystic  charac- 
ter, became  mere  emblems,  the  origin 
of  which  was  probably  unknown  to 
those  who  used  them. 

The  types  under  which  the  symbols 
appear  may  be  reduced  to  two ;  one 
in  which  the  animals  are  represented 
under  their  mystic  form  according  to 
their  primary  derivation ;  and  the 
other  m  which  the  heads  only  are 
adapted  to  a  human  figure,  as  it  were 
combining  the  human  form  of  the 
evangelists  with  their  mystic  emblems* 
The  latter  are  not  common,  and  do 
not  at  any  time  appear  to  have  been 
popular.  Nor  do  they  seem  to  l)e- 
long  to  any  particular  ajB^e.  Exam- 
ples are  found  in  periods  widely 
apart  from  each  other.  One  of  the 
earliest  examples  I  have  met  with  of 
the  symbols  represented  under  the 
human  form,  but  with  the  heads  of  the 


*  Adver.  Haeref.,  iii.  1. 

t  De  CoDsenso  Evangelior.,  lib.  1,  c.  6. 


1851.] 


The  Symbol)  of  the  Four  EvangetitU. 


mystic  animals,  occurs  in  a  Latin 
Bible  of  the  tenth  century,  preserred 
atSalzburg;*  beretho}' are  represented 
aa  standing  draped,  in  a  similar  man- 
ner to  the  figures  of  apostles,  and 
holding  the  book  of  the  Gospelt  in  their 
faanda.  A  treatment  precisely  similar 
is  observed  in  tbericbly- worked  silver- 
gilt  binding  of  the  Liber  Aureui,  the 
celebrated  book  of  the  Gospels  pre- 
served in  the  library  at  Treves,  the 
workmanship  of  which  is  late  in  the 
fifleeoth  century ;  the  four  figures  of 
the  evaagelists  are  repreaeoted  by  lo 
many  silver  statues,  about  three  or 
four  inches  in  heij^ht,  each  having  the 
heads  of  the  mystic  animals.  One  of 
the  MS.  copies  of  the  Bible  in  the  in- 
teresting collection  of  the  Duke  of 
Sussex,  exhibited  another  instance  of 
this  type  of  representation,  the  exe- 
cution of  which  was  referred  to  the 
fourteenth  century.  It  may  be  ob- 
served that  the  figures  in  these  cases 
are  either  winged  aa  angels,  or  without 
wings  as  men  only. 

The  clasB  of  subjects  in  which  the 
symbols  are  most  frequently  found 
are  those  in  which  the  figure  of  tbe 
Almiehty  appears  surrounded  by  an 
aurede  of  glory,  or  in  representations 
of  the  Trinity,  such  as  that  by  the 
brothers  Tbomas  and  Barnabas  de' 
Mutina,  or  Modena,  about  the  four- 
teenth century  ;f  it  is  usual  in  these 
instances,  as  well  as  in  those  of  Clirist 
coming  to  judgment,  painted  on  the 
apaea  of  early  churches,  to  place  tbe 
symbols  of  the  evangelists  in  the  four 
angles  or  comers.  In  tbe  case  above 
referred  to  of  the  Trinity,  in  which 
God  the  yatbet  is  represented  with  the 
figure  of  Christ  upon  ihe  cross,  within 
an  acutely  pointed  aureole,  the  four 
symbols  are  placed  in  tbe  manner 
above  DOticea,  the  two  lower  ones, 
consisting  of  St.  Luke  and  St.  Mark, 
being  as  it  were  kneeling  upon  the 
ground,  whilst  the  two  others  are 
above  in  the  air.  These  examples 
are  of  the  mixed  type,  such  as  we 
are  now  treating  of,  and  are  distin- 
guished by  tbe  symbolic  head,  and 
nave  no  wings.  Tbe  example  of  which 
a  cut  IS  here  given  must  be  considered 
to  belong  to  this  class.  Although  its 
extreme  rudeness  of  execution  makes 
its  appropriation  a  matter  of  doubt,  its 


early  date  and  peculiarities  of  treat- 
ment, aa  well  as  the  country  to  which 
it  owes  its  ori^n,  all  render  it  an 
interesting  example  for  consideration. 
It  is  taken  out  of  a  MS.  of  an  anony- 
mous commentary  on  the  Apocalypse, 
in  the  British  Museum  (Addit.  MS. 
11,69S),  which  is  of  Spanish  execution, 
of  the  ninth  century,  and  shews  in 
many  portioDs  its  affinity  with  Arab 
design,  at  least  in  architecture,  by 
the  frequent  occurrence  of  the  horse- 
ahoe  arch.  The  above  instance  is 
taken  from  that  subject  given  in  the 
Book  of  Revelations  describing  the 
four  beasts  around  the  Lamb,  a  text 
it  may  be  noted  which  forms  one  of 
tbe  authorities  for  the  frequent  ar- 
rangements of  tbe  symbols  with  the 
enthroned  figure  of  Christ,  or  the 
Lamb,  to  which  we  have  alluded. 
In  this  example  we  have  a  winged 
form  with  human  hands,  holding  a 
book  of  the  Gospels,  and  iiaving  the 
head  of  an  ox  as  the  symbol  of 
St.  Luke;  the  figure  is  more  studded 
with  eyes  than  any  other  instance  I 
have  met  with,  they  literaliy  cover  it : 
but  perhaps  tbe  most  remarkable  point 
is,  that  the  mkeels  are  adopted  from  tbe 
passage  in  Ezekiel,  thus  directly  con- 
necting the  two  texts  with  each  other. 
In  fact  it  is  a  convention  difieringfrom 
those  ordinarily  observed,  and,although 
partaking  of  the  descriptions  in  both 

Cassagea  of  Scripture,  not  really  fol- 
iwing  either:  the  text  of  the  Apo- 
calypse giving  tbe  four  beasts  six  wings, 
here  there  are  but  two  to  each  figure, 
and  no  mention  is  made  of  tbe  wheel* 
but  in  the  description  by  the  prophet. 
It  is  curious  to  note  this  in  an  io- 
stancc  of  so  rude  and  uninformed  a 
character,  because  it  proves  that  alaw 
governed  even  the  unskilful  hand  that 
traced  these  rude  illuminations. 


■  EagraTed  ii 
t  Vil.  Aginc 


27i  Chrittum  leotwgraphy  and  Legendary  Art.  C8*1>t- 

The  received  symbolic  type  of  the 
evangelistB,  of  such  frequent  occur- 
rence in  archsological  remains,  seems 
to  have  been  perfected  in  the  thirteenth 
and  fourteenth  ceoturiea,  before  Tvhich 
period  there  areTariBtioDSOCcaaionally 
observed,  such  as  we  have  above  de- 
scribed; and  there  is  nothing  much  to 
note  in  the  numerouB  enamples,  except- 
ing sue!]  trifling  matters  of  detail  as 
arise  from  the  various  degrees  of  skill 
possessed  by  the  artists.  Before,  how- 
ever, the  periods  referred  to,  there  will 
occasionally  be  found  Bome  curious 
applications  of  the  symbol,  where  it 
actually  becooics  a  real  compsnioD  and 
assistant  of  the  saint,  and  this  may  be 
eepeciallv  observed  in  the  eagle  of  St. 
John,  of  which  many  examples  are 
extant,  holding  an  ink-horn  in  its  beak 
when  it  accompanies  the  figure  of  the 
aunt  in  the  act  of  writing  Ihe  Gosprel.  that  it  is  the  symbol  of  St.  Joho,  aad 
An  excellent  instance  appears  in  the  is  very  remarkable  for  the  eltganoe  of 
celebrated  benediclional  of  St.  Elhel-  its  composition  and  the  abwnce  of 
wold,  and  in  this  even  the  symbolic  convention;itiBrichlygilded,andfroiii 
and  sacred  character  is  also  preserved  a  perforation  at  the  bottom  seemB  ori- 
by  the  addition  of  the  nimbus.  At  a  ginally  to  have  been  fixed  on  the  end 
later  period — the  sixteenth  century —  of  a  staff.  But  the  most  remarkable 
tbe  symbiit  becomes  a  mere  distinctive  feature  is  that  which  illustrates  the 
emblem,  and  loKS  all  its  mystic  cha-  point  in  discussion;  here  the  Book  of 
racter  when  associated  with  the  figures  the  Gospels  is  represented  as  a  bundle 
of  the  evangelists.  There  is  one  point  of  oblong  leaves,  tied  together  by  i 
in  connection  with  the  symbols  worthy     ribbon  or  cord  about  the  c""""' 

of  a  pasaing  notice — the  Gospels  with       '    '  

which  they  are  all  distinguished  are 
sometimes  represented  as  books,  some- 
times as  scrolls ;  the  Utter  are  es- 
pecially used  in  architectural  decora- 
tions, on  tombs  and  monumental 
brasses;  the  book  is  generally  found  in 
the  earliest  examplei 


tsotths 

a  archipeltwot  and 


illuminations,  and  particularly  in  those     covers,  o^ent 
of  Byzantine  origin.     The   book  was     very  highly  ( 


LBtomed  to  be  arranged.  1 
iposed    of  various    material!, 
es  of  metal,  sometimes  of  thin 
leaves  of  wood,  and   enclosed  within 
la  pieces  which  form  tbe 


of  Byzantine  origin, 
indeed  sometimes  altered  i 
racter  to  suit  the  custom  of  a  par- 
ticular   locality,  as  the  example  here 

e'ven  will   illustrate.     The   drawing, 
ire  engraved,  is  taken  from  a  carving 
a  species  of  cane,  and  k 


very  highly  decorated  and 
richly  carved.  An  interest- 
ing collection  of  these  hook* 
is  preserved  in  the  Bri- 
tish Museum.  One,  a  MS. 
in  the  Pali  character,  has 
been  selected  for  illustration, 
ji  history  no  less  than  for  and  will  be  found  to  be  so 
its  design.  It  was  brought  from  China  analogous  to  that  in  the  beak 
during  the  last  war,  being  taken  from  of  the  eagle  engraved,  aa 
a  joss-house  at  Cbing  Kaing  Foo,  on  to  completely  identify  the 
the  river  Yaing  sle  Kaing,  seventy  intention  of  the  carver,  and 
miles  below  Nankin,and  BO  strenuously  also  to  fix  the  work  to  an 
defended,  that  it  was  wrested  out  of  artist  of  either  Cochin  China, 
the  hands  of  its  possessor  by  an  English  or  of  some  other  people  bor- 
aoldier.*  It  will  be  at  once  perceived  dering  on  the  Indian  orchi- 
■  It  is  now  in  the  posseuion  of  W.  Jordua  da  Qatwiak,  esq. 


1851.] 


The  Symbols  of  the  Four  Evangelists. 


273 


])elago.  Oil  a  careful  examination  of 
the  workmanship,  one  cannot  assign  to 
it  a  date  earlier  than  the  first  part  of 
the  sixteenth  century ;  it  is  just  pos- 
sible it  might  be  at  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth.  To  account  for  its  position, 
one  can  only  suppose  that  it  was  ex- 
ecuted under  the  direction  of  some  of 
the  Christian  missionaries,  perhaps  of 
the  Jesuits,  for  it  may  be  as  late  as 
their  time.  That  it  should  afterwards 
be  preserved,  and  perhaps  be  venerated 
in  a  Chinese  temple,  is  exceedingly 
curious,  but  not  without  explanation ; 
the  emblem  might  easily  recall  to  the 
memory  of  a  Buddhist  worshipper  the 
form  of  Garuda,  an  eagle-headed  form 
attendant  upon  Vishnu ;  the  eagle  as 
a  symbol,  indeed,  was  so  numerously 
applied  in  many  oriental  systems,  that 
it  would  be  more  a  matter  of  wonder 
that  it  should  not  have  been  con- 
founded than  otherwise. 

Of  the  symbolism  of  these  emblems 
much  has  been  written,  but  so  much 


that  is  evidently  the  mere  speculation 
of  the  writers  that  I  shall  touch  but 
little  on  this  portion  of  the  subject,  and 
confine  myself  to  the  earliest  indica* 
tions  of  endeavouring  to  impress  upon 
them  a  recondite  signification.  St. 
Isidore  of  Seville  in  his  allegories 
drawn  from  Scripture  thus  endeavours 
to  explain  them : 

"  Matthaeas  enim  eundem  redemptorem 
nostrum  natum  et  passum  annuncians,  in 
similitudinem  hominU  comparat. 

"Marcus,  a  solttudine  exorsus,  leonit 
figuram  induit,  et  Christi  regnam  invictum 
potentiamque  proclamat. 

**  Lucas  quoqae,  per  vHuli  mysticum 
vultum,  Christum  pro  nobis  pradicat  im> 
molatum. 

"  Johaanes  autem  per  figuram  aquila 
eundem  dominum  post  resurrectionem  car- 
nis  demonstrat  eYolasse  in  coelum." 

The  following  Latin  lines,  oflen 
found  in  illuminated  gospels,  contain 
the  same  ideas  in  a  briefer  form : 


Quatuor  hsc  Deum  signant  animah'a  Christum  ; 
Est  homo  nascendo,  fniulusque  sacer  morieado, 
Et  leo  surgendo,  coelos  a^ttt/aque  petendo. 
Nee  minus  hos  scribas  animalia  et  ipsa  figurant. 


The  reason  given  by  the  sjrmbolists 
for  the  adaptation  of  the  attributes  to 
each  of  the  evangelists  is  in  substance 
as  follows  :  Saint  Matthew  develops 
the  generation  of  the  Saviour  as  an- 
nounced by  the  prophets,  and  has  the 
man  for  his  emblem,  as  treating  of  the 
mysteries  of  Christ's  humanity.  St. 
Mark,  demonstrating  the  power  of  the 
Son  of  Man,  and  nis  tnumph  over 
death  and  the  grave,  has  the  lion  as- 
signed to  him,  as  an  emblem  of  royalty 
and  power.  St.  Luke  represents  the 
Messiah  as  the  Saviour,  tne  victim  of 
expiatory  sacrifice,  and  thus  the  ox  is 
assigned  to  him  as  the  type  of  the  Ju- 
daical  sacrifices,  and  by  analogy  of  the 
Redeemer.  St.  John,  the  historian  of 
the  divinity  of  the  word,  from  the 
mysterious  grandeur  of  his  subject, 
is  distinguished  by  the  eagle,  a  bird 
whose  flight  is  among  the  clouds,  and 
whose  daring  eye  can  look  upon  the 
sun.  This  is  the  main  principle  of 
thought  upon  this  subject,  whicn  has 
been  variously  enlarged  upon  by  the 


ritualists.  All  these  emblems  ai«e  con* 
sidered  by  them  as  emblems  also  of  the 
Saviour ;  thus  St.  Bruno  d'Asti  says  : 

"  The  four  forms  specify  our  Redeemer; 
he  is  represented  by  man  because  Christ 
is  true  mau,  made  in  human  resemblance, 
and  human  nature  is  in  him.  He  is 
figured  by  the  ox  because  he  is  the  true 
victim  immolated  upon  the  cross  for  us, 
as  the  ox  figuratively  was  of  old  by  the 
High  Priest.  Jesus  Christ  has  also  his 
emblem  in  the  lion,  because  he  arose  on 
the  third  day,  his  body  retaking  life  by 
his  own  will,  as  the  lion  springs  up  again 
at  the  paternal  roaring.  Lastly,  he  is 
like  the  eagle,  in  his  ascension  to  the 
height  of  heaven."  * 

These  instances  will  suffice  as  ex- 
amples of  the  manner  of  treating  and 
considerinf^  this  subject  by  those  who 
have  entered  into  an  examination  of 
the  symbolism  of  the  mystic  animals. 
A  few  words  now  upon  the  mode  of 
arrangement,  and  we  shall  close  our 
article.  Those  writers  who  see  a 
mystic  meaning  in  every  thing  pre- 
tend that  the  different  order  of  placing 


*  In  ascensione  Domini.     Serm.  1. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  2  N 


274 


Unpublished  Letter  of  Gibbon  the  Histoi^ian.  [Sept. 


the  animals  has  its  intention,  but  this 
view  must  be  given  up  by  all  who 
have  with  unprejudiced  minds  exa- 
mined into  facts. 

It  does  not  appear  that  there  is  any 
ground  for  an  absolute  arrangement  of 
the  symbols  one  above  another,  if  the 
texts  from  which  the  authority  for 
them  is  derived  should  decide  the 
question ;  nevertheless,  a  certain  cus- 
tom did  take  place,  and  became  a 
pretty  general  convention.  According 
then  to  the  received  custom,  the  sym- 
bols were  arranged  in  the  following 
order :  the  angel,  St.  Matthew ;  the 
eagle,  St.  John ;  the  lion,  St.  Mark  ; 
the  ox,  St.  Luke.  The  reason  for  this 
arrangement  given  by  M.  Didron  is 
the  most  natural,  even  if  it  appears 
somewhat  fanciful.  According  to  this 
idea,  man  or  the  angel  takes  the  pre- 
cedence according  to  his  higher  nature ; 
the  eagle  next,  as  soaring  above  the 
clouds,  suggestive  of  loity  inspira- 
tion ;  the  lion  for  the  nobility  and 
royalty  of  which  he  was  considered 
the  type,  among  beasts ;  lastly,  the  ox, 


because  it  has  a  nature  more  gross  and 
heavy. 

The  sacred  texts  put  the  forms  in 
order  thus :  the  man,  lion,  ox,  eagle, 
that  of  Ezekiel ;  lion,  ox,  man,  eagle, 
that  of  the  Revelations.  The  tetra- 
morph  of  the  Byzantine  church  is  in 
accordance  with  the  first  arrangement ; 
but  in  the  Western  church,  previous 
to  the  thirteenth  century,  they  are 
found  thus :  man,  lion,  ox,  eagle. 
These  variations  are  sufficient  to  show 
that  there  could  be  no  absolute  rule  at 
all  on  the  matter,  and  that  custom 
alone,  originating  most  probably  with- 
out any  express  intention,  g^*adually 
cave  a  law  of  which  the  oncinators 
tnemselves  were  unaware;  and,  atthough 
the  law  or  rule  above  was  pretty  ge- 
nerally followed,  yet  there  might  dc 
found  a  sufficient  number  of  variations 
to  prove  that  it  was  not.  considered  of 
the  least  importance.  Thus  the  sym- 
bolism whicn  subsequent  writers  pre- 
tend to  find,  wants  one  of  the  nrst 
necessary  conditions  for  its  support, 
viz.  universality. 


UNPUBLISHED  LETTER  OF  GIBBON  THE  HISTORIAN. 


ROBERTSON,  the  historian,  who 
held  the  office  of  Historiographer  to 
the  King  for  Scotland,  died  on  the 
11th  June,  1793,  after  an  illness  in 
which  he  had  lingered  for  many  months. 
On  his  decease.  Dr.  Gillies,  a  friend 
of  Robertson's,  and  best  known  as 
an  author  by  his  History  of  Greece 
(2  vols.  4to.  1786),  was  a  candidate 
for  the  vacant  office,  which  was  a 
sinecure  with  a  salary  of  200/.  per 
annum.  It  would  seem  that  at  this 
time  malice  set  afloat  some  rumour 
which  impugned  the  loyalty  of  Gillies, 
or  charged  him  with  sympathy  for  the 
French  revolutionists.    Such  a  rumour 


was  of  course  peculiarly  likely  at  that 
time  to  be  prejudicial  to  his  aspirations 
after  any  office  under  the  Crown.  The 
precise  nature  of  the  rumour  does  not 
appear,  but  if  it  is  alluded  to  in  the 
letter  from  Stockdale,  the  bookseller, 
which  we  print  below,*  the  accusation 
was  connected  in  some  way  with  the 
Marseilloise  Hymn.  To  rebut  such 
an  accusation  Gillies  secured  the  all- 
powerful  patronage  of  Bundas,  and 
applied  to  his  friends  for  certificates 
of  loyalty.  Amongst  others  he  wrote 
to  Gibbon,  to  whom  he  had  been  made 
known  some  years  before  by  Robert- 
son.f      Tlie  following  was  Gibbon's 


-\_ 


*  "  Sir, — Sir  Joseph  Andrews  has  just  been  with  me  at  the  desire  of  Dr.  Gillies  to 
repeat  what  he  had  heard  in  various  parts  of  the  town  respecting  the  Manaeillois. 
He  recollects  mentioning  the  circumstance  in  my  shop  on  the  day  on  which  Mr.  Chiawell 
and  Dr.  Gillies  had  some  conTersation  on  the  subject,  and  which  made  some  noise  at 
the  time.  Thus  much  I  think  it  requisite  to  state  in  justice  to  Dr.  GilUes.— I  am, 
Sir,  your  much  obliged  and  very  humble  serTt. 

"  Piccadilly,  20M  June,  1793."  "  John  Stockdale. 

Address  of  this  letter  torn  off. 

t  "  Be  so  good  as  to  present  my  sincere  coaiplimenta  to  Mr.  Smith,  Mr.  Ferguson, 
and,  if  he  should  be  still  with  you,  to  Dr.  Gillies,  for  whose  acquaintance  I  eateem 
myself  much  indebted  to  you."— Gibbon  to  Rob€Tt8on.-^Stewarf  s  Life  of  Robertson, 
p.  S68. 


1961.] 


Pilgrimage  to  the  HoUf  Land. 


Vfh 


answer,  and  will  be  fbund  to  be  equally 
kind  and  characteristic.  It  is  dated, 
it  will  be  observed,  from  Sheffield 
Place,  the  seat  of  his  friend  Lord 
Sheffield,  with  whom  he  had  iust  re- 
turned from  Lausanne  to  condole  on  the 
loss  of  his  wife.  Gibbon  himself  died 
on  the  16th  January  following. 

The  aversion  of  the  historian  to 
Christianity  and  the  Christian  Church 
did  not  in  any  degi*ee  predispose  him 
to  tolerate  tae  excesses  of  French 
9an8'CuUotiam,  His  kindness  and  gen- 
tlemanly taste,  as  well  as  the  bent  and 
genius  of  his  historical  studies,  alike 
revolted  against  the  tyrannous  bar- 
barities of  a  wild  democracy  which 
seemed  deluging  the  world  with  blood. 

''  Dear  SiR,-~It  would  give  me  great 
pleasure  to  contribute  roy  assistance  to- 
wards removing  any  of  the  obstacles  that 
may  impede  your  fair  and  legitimate  claim 
to  the  title  or  ofiice  of  historiographer  of 
your  native  country.  Bat,  except  the 
present  chancellor,  I  have  scarcely  any 
acquaintance  with  any  of  the  ministers, 
and  since  Mr.  Dundas  is  well  disposed  in 
your  favour  you  cannot  stand  in  need  of 
any  other  patronage. 

"  Were  I  called  upon  to  testify  my  sense 
of  your  literary  merit  the  testimony  would 
be  as  agreable  to  myself  as  it  would  be 
superfluous  to  you.  But  my  absence  from 
England  ever  since  the  beginning  of  the 
French  Revolution  has  deprived  me  of  all 
means  of  knowing  the  political  opinions 


on  that  subject  which  you  really  entertain, 
or  those  which  may  have  been  falsely  im- 
puted to  you.  My  own  contempt  for  the 
wild  and  misphievous  system  of  democracy 
will  not  suffer  mc  to  believe,  without 
positive  proof,  that  it  can  be  adopted  by 
any  man  of  a  sound  understanding  and 
historical  experience.  I  acquiesce  with 
implicit  confidence  in  your  disavowal  of 
those  sentiments,  and  I  am  persuaded 
that  the  same  disavowal  will  produce  a 
similar  effect  on  all  those  persons  who  are 
acquainted  with  your  character. — I  am, 
with  true  regard,  dear  Sir,  most  faithfully 
yours, 

"£.  Gibbon. 
"  Sheffield  Place,  June  24 M,  1793." 

The  address  of  the  letter  has  been 
torn  off. 

Gillies  obtained  the  desired  office, 
and  held  it  for  the  long  period  of 
forty-three  yeare.  His  subsequent 
publications  gave  no  indication  of  any 
desire  to  prove  himself  a  worthy  suc- 
cessor to  Kobertson ;  but  he  was  an 
amiable  man  who  lived  much  respected, 
and  was  never,  we  l)elievc,  agam  sus- 

{)ected  of  Jacobinism.  He  died  at  Clap- 
mm  at  the  age  of  98,  on  the  15th  Feb- 
ruary, 1836.  See  a  memoir  of  him  in 
our  Obituary  for  April  1836,  p.  486. 

Gibbon's  letter,  as  well  as  that  of 
Stockdale,  are  now  both  among  the 
autograph  collections  of  Robert  Cole, 
esq.  F.S.A.  to  whose  kindness  we  are 
indebted  for  copies. 


PIF.GRIMAGE  TO  THE  HOLY  LAND. 

{With  two  Plates.) 


IN  our  former  article  upon  this  sub- 
ject *  we  showed  that  the  narrator  of 
the  Pilgrimage  of  Sir  Richard  Guylford 
is,  in  his  descriptive  portions,  a  mere 
copyist;  and,  having  traced  some  of 
his  passages  to  the  work  of  Bernhard 
de  Breydenbach,  we  expressed  our 
opinion  that  he  had  translated  directly 
from  some  Latin  abridgement  of  that 
work.  This  conclusion  will  be  allowed 
to  be  the  more  probable  if  we  look 
further  into  the  history  of  that  book, 
and  observe  into  how  manv  editions  it 
quickly  passed.     In  so  domg  we  shall 


touch  upon  a  chapter  of  bibliography 
which  is  not  devoid  of  interest. 

Breydenbach  is  the  leader  of  our 
modern  race  of  travellers  who  make 
their  observations  with  a  view  to  paper 
and  print.  There  had  been  many 
during  former  ages  who  wrote  the  nar- 
ratives of  their  long  and  painful  travels, 
and  «irhose  narratives  have  from  time 
to  time — some  at  an  early  and  some  at 
a  recent  date — found  their  way  to  the 
press ;  but  Breydenbach  undertook 
his  pilgrimage  with  that  object  in  view, 
and. he  accomplished  his  undertaking 


'*'  Jane  Magasine,  p.  69  7t 


276 


Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land, 


[Sdpt. 


in  a  style  highly  creditable  to  his  per- 
severance and  his  liberality.  He  took 
with  him  a  clever  artist,  who  made 
views  of  the  most  remarkable  jilaces 
visited,  and  portraits  of  the  various  in- 
habitants of  Palestine,  which,  trans- 
ferred to  wooden  blocks,  are  printed 
in  the  book.  They  have  considerable 
artistic  merit  and  apparent  accuracy, 
and  form  highly  interesting  memorials 
of  the  aspect  presented  by  various  im- 
portant places  nearly  four  centuries 
ago.* 

These  cuts  are  vastly  superior  to 
the  monstrosities  which  contribute  to 
render  the  pages  of  Mandeville  merely 
amusing  or  absurd.  Sir  John  Man- 
deville  composed  his  travels  about  the 
year  1355;  they  were  not  printed 
until  1480,  a  few  years  before  the  first 
appearance  of  Breydenbach. 

Breydenbach's  book  was  printed  at 
Mentz  under  the  care  of  the  artist 
Erhard  Rewich ;  who  as  it  seems  en- 
graved the  wood-blocks  from  his  own 
drawings.  Editions  both  in  Latin  and 
German  wore  in  progress  at  the  same 
time.  The  former  was  finished  on  the 
15th  Feb.  1486,  and  the  latter  on  the 
20th  June  in  the  same  year — unless  we 
ought  to  reckon  for  the  year  com- 
mencing in  March,  in  which  case  the 
Latin  would  be  tlie  later  edition,  in 
1486-7.    Its  title  is 

' '  Bernhardi  de  BreydeDbach  opus  trans- 
roarince  peregrinationis  ad  veneraudum  et 
gloriosum  sepulchnim  dominicum  in  Jhe- 
rusalem.'' 

There  is  a  copy  of  the  German  in 
the  British  Museum  which  belonged 
to  King  Henry  VIL  but  it  wants  all 
the  folding  plates. 

Of  the  Latin  someco])ies  were  printed 
on  vellum.  Three  such  copies  have 
become  known  to  bibliographers  ;  one 
of  them  is  in  the  national  library  at 
Paris  and  two  are  now  in  the  British 
Museum,  one  in  the  King's  Library, 


and  the  other  in  the  Grenville  collec- 
tion. The  former  belonged  to  James 
AVest,  esq.  Pres.  R.  S.  and  was  pur- 
chased at  liis  sale  by  Mr.  Nicol  for  the 
library  of  King  George  the  Third  for 
15/.  I6s,  It  contains  the  following 
memorandum  in  Mr.  West's  writing : 

"  J.  West. 
**  This  most  rare  book  of  the  TraTels 
of  the  Religious  to  the  Holy  Land  printed 
on  vellum  contains  the  oldest  views  en- 
graved that  I  have  ever  seen ;  they  seem 
to  have  been  taken  upon  the  spot.  The 
book  was  printed  at  Mentz  1486,  which  is 
seven  years  before  the  printing  of  the 
Nuremberg  Chronicle,  which  has  always 
been  supposed  to  have  been  the  oldest 
printed  book  with  Charts  or  Maps.  I 
bought  this  book  at  Osbom's  sale  of  the 
Harleian  printed  books.'' 

Also  the  following  references : — 

V.  Freytag,  Adparatus,  vol.  i.  p.  48. 
Henning^s  Bibl.  p.  396. 
Dcbure,  art.  4272. 
Clement,  vol.  i.  p.  223. 
PinellU,  vol.  i.  no.  2217. 
Panzer,  2,  p.  131. 
Maittaire,  p.  472. 
Wurdwein,  p.  123. 
Zapf,  p.  94. 
SeemiUer,  3,  p.  66. 
Braun,  2,  p.  134. 
Bolong-Crev.  4,  p.  20." 

Ml*.  Grenville's  vellum  copy  was 
from  the  MacCarthy  library,  at  the 
dispersion  of  which  it  was  sold  for 
756  francs.  In  the  Grenville  Cata- 
logue, p.  96,  it  is  stated  to  have  been 
the  same  which  was  formerly  in  the 
Harleian  Library ;  but  this  is  contra- 
dicted by  Mr.  West's  statement  above 
given. 

Mons.  Brunet,  in  his  Manuel  du 
Libraire,  edit.  184*2,  notices  several 
paper  copies ;  and  there  is  one  in  the 
British  Museum  (now  marked  C.20  e.) 

"  Maister  Gerhaert  llewich  van 
Utrecht  '*  finished  a  Flemish  edition  at 
^lentz,  on  the  24th  Iklay,  1488.t     A 


*  Among  his  views  is  a  very  large  one  of  Venice,  more  than  five  feet  long;  others 
of  Parens,  Corfu,  Modon,  Candia,  and  Rhodes,  besides  a  large  view  of  Jerusalem  and 
the  Holy  Laud.  Dr.  Dibdin,  in  the  third  volume  of  bis  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana,  has 
copied  portions  of  several  cuts  :  1 .  The  View  of  Purenza.  2.  Modon.  3.  Galley 
viewed  from  the  stern  in  full  sail.  4.  Fort  at  Candia.  5.  Group  of  Greeks.  6. 
Group  of  Syrians.  7.  OurangOutang.  8.  The  printer's  device.  The  onrang  ontang 
is  one  of  a  page  of  aoimals  thus  inscribed : — "  Hec  animalia  sunt  veraciter  depicta 
sicut  vidimus  in  terra  sancta.  Serflffa.  Cocodrillus.  Capre  de  India.  Vnicornoi. 
Camelus.     Salemandra.     Non  constat  de  nole." — This  last  is  the  ourang  outang. 

t  M.  Brunet  cites  Hain  for  an  edition  printed  at  Haarlem  in  14B6  ;  but  this  is  pro- 
bably a  confnsion  with  another  book,  mentioned  by  Mons.  Ternanx  Compans,  entitled 


1851.] 


Pilgrimage  to  the  Holy  Land. 


277 


copy  of  this  is  bound  up  with  the 
paper  copy  of  the  original  Latin  edi- 
tion just  mentioned. 

In  the  same  year  the  work  was 
printed  in  French  at  Lyons,  having 
been  translated  by  Nicole  le  Huen, 
professor  of  theology  in  the  house  of 
Carmelites  at  Puteaux  de  Mcr.  This 
Frenchman  had  not  the  honesty  to 
acknowledge  it  to  be  a  translation,  but 
in  his  colophon  calls  it  a  godsend 
(ainai  que  Dieu  a  voulu  le  aonner  d 
cognoistre).  One  of  the  "honnestes 
hommes"  the  printers  was  Jacques 
Heremberck  of  Germany,  who  pro- 
bably was  the  originator  of  the  piracy. 
The  copy  in  Mr.  Grenville*s  library 
(7203)  formerly  belonged  to  the  his- 
torian Jac.  August.  Thuanus,  whose 
arms  and  monogram  are  impressed  on 
the  cover.  It  contains  this  MS.  note 
in  Mr.  Grenville*s  writing  : — 

"  Breydenbach,  traduit  par  N.  Huen, 
fol.  Lyon,  1488.  La  Croix  da  Maine, 
ii.  p.  190,  together  with  Du  Verdier,  iii. 
143,  and  PiDelo,  Bib.  Geog.  p.  1463,  and 
Richarderie,  iv.  403,  have  all  considered 
N.  Huen  as  an  original  traveller ;  but 
Panzer,  i.  528,  together  with  La  Valli^re, 
iii.  30,  and  Crevenna,  iv.  20,  very  truly 
concur  in  describing  Huen  as  giving  only 
a  translation  of  Breydenbach,  though  not 
a  literal  one.  This  edition  is  most  ex- 
tremely rare,  and  sold  at  the  Roxburgh 
sale.  No.  7259,  for  84/.  It  is  the  first 
French  book  with  copper  plates." 

Notwithstanding  this  enormous  price 
Mr.  Ilibbert*s  sold  for  only  11/.  and 
Chaillou's  in  1818  for  107  francs. 

In  this  book  all  the  folding  plates 
of  Breydenbach  were  copied  on  copper, 
and  the  smaller  woodcuts  on  wood. 
The  latter  are  not  so  correct  as  those 
of  Drach  hereafter  mentioned. 

The  Lyons  piracy  was  met  in  the 
following  year  (1489)  by  another 
French  version,  fairly  acknowledging 
the  author's  name,  and  '•'•  translate  de 
Latin  en  Francois  par  frere  Jean  Her- 
sin."  There  is  no  copy  of  this  in  the 
British  Museum ;  but  Mons.  Brunet 


states  that  the  engravings  are  from 
wood,  and  appear  to  be  the  same  as 
those  of  the  edition  of  Mentz.  It  may 
therefore  be  presumed  that  this  was 
the  authorized  French  edition,  put 
forth  to  contend  with  the  pirated  one 
of  the  preceding  year. 

It  was  in  reference  to  Huen's  edition 
that  a  difference  arose  between  Mons. 
Brunet  and  Dr.  Dibdin.*  The  latter, 
having  only  seen  the  woodcut  editions, 
in  his  Bibliotheca  Spenceriana,  and 
again  in  the  Bibliographical  Deca- 
meron, charged  Mons.  Brunet  with 
having  incorrectly  stated  that  the 
larger  views  were  ensraved  on  copper. 
Mons.  Brunet  replied  m  the  1 842  edition 
of  his  Manuel,  and  Dibdin  apologised 
in  the  ^Edes  Althorpianas,  ii.  88.  Huen 
was  reprinted  at  Paris  by  Francoys 
Re^nault  in  1517,  and  again  in  1522. 

In  1490  the  second  Latin  edition 
was  printed  at  Spires  by  Peter  Drach, 
who  had  not  the  use  of  the  original 
blocks,  but  copied  them.  The  great 
popularity  of  the  book  is  strongly 
shewn  by  these  repeated  piracies. 
Brunet  states  that  this  edition  is  more 
complete  than  the  first :  but  he  does 
not  explain  in  what  the  greater  com- 
pleteness consists,  and  it  is  scarcely 
likeljr  to  have  been  the  case.  H!e 
mentions  copies  as  occurring  at  the 
sales  of  the  Soubise,  Brienne,  and 
Hanrott  libraries;  but  there  is  none 
in  the  British  Museum.  But  of  another 
edition  by  Drach,  printed  at  Spires  in 
1502,  there  is  a  copy  in  our  national 
library,  of  which  the  ownership  in 
English  hands  is  to  be  traced  for  a 
long  period.  It  belonged  to  Job. 
Meredyth  in  the  16th  or  17th  century ; 
aflerwards  to  £d.  Alexander  (price 
28.  8rf.);  in  1730  to  Dr.  Stukeley  at 
Stamford;  then  to  W.  Baynton,  Gray's 
Inn ;  and  lastly  to  Dr.  Farmer,  at 
whose  sale,  in  1798,  it  was  bought  for 
\\8,  It  does  not  possess  the  great 
print  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  only  half 
the  view  of  Rhodes.  Mr.  Hanrott's 
copy  sold  for  4/.  16«. 


"  Dat  boeck  van  der  Pelgherin  naar  Jerusalem,  fol.  I486.''  The  like  may  be  said  of 
an  edition  assumed  to  be  printed  at  Augsburg,  by  Anthony  Sorger,  1488.  See  Ter- 
naux-Compans'  Biblioth^que  Asiatique,  1841,  8yo.  No.  37. 

*  Dr.  Dibdin  (Btbl.  Spencer,  iii.  219)  committed  a  further  egregious  mistake,  to  the 
extent  of  depriving  Breydenbach  of  the  authorship  of  the  work,  merely  upon  the 
grounds  of  his  statement  that  be  had  employed  a  learned  man — probably  some  resident 
in  Jerusalem — to  write  the  names  of  places  upon  Rewich's  drawing  of  the  Holy  Land. 
In  support  of  this  erroneous  notion  he  quotes  the  bibliographer  Clement. 


278 


Piigrimage  to  the  Holy  Land. 


[^86pt* 


In  1498  there  was  another  Flemish 
edition  printed  at  DelH;  and  in  the 
same  year  the  "Viege  de  la  Tiei*ra 
SantA  was  printed  at  Saragossa, 
translated  into  Spanish  by  Martin 
Martinez  d'Ampies.  This  Spanish 
edition  is  even  rarer,  says  Mons. 
Brunet,  than  the  Latin,  German,  and 
French ;  and  he  does  not  describe  its 
plates« 

The  last  edition  we  shall  now  men- 
tion, of  which  there  is  a  copy  in  the 
Grenville  collection,  is  a  small  abridg- 
ment in  octavo,  printed  in  Latin  at 
Wittenberg  in  1536. 

We  proceed  to  give  a  brief  account 
of  Breydenbach's  voyage. 

Bernhard  de  Breydenbach  was  cham- 
berlain of  the  cathedral  church  of 
Mentz  at  the  time  when  he  made  his 
pilgrimagre  to  the  Holy  Land;  when 
he  published  he  was  also  its  dean.  His 
principal  companions  were  John  count 
of  Solms,  lord  of  Mintzenberg,  the 
youngest  of  the  party,  but  highest  in 
rank,  and  a  kniffbt  named  Sir  Philip 
de  Bicken.*  The  party  met  at  Op- 
penheim,  in  the  diocese  of  Mentz,  on 
the  feast  of  Saint  Mark  the  Evangelist 
(25th  April),  in  the  year  1483,  and 
after  fifteen  days'  journey  arrived  at 
Venice.  They  there  found  many  ho- 
nourable counts  and  barons,  valiant 
knights  and  other  noble  men,  includ- 
ing some  ecclcsiatics ;  from  among 
whom  two  barons  and  three  knights, 
with  their  servants,  joined  their  party, 
the  others  forming  themselves  into 
another  company.  The  barons  who 
sailed  in  the  same  galley  with  them 
were  Maximin  von  ftoppensteyn  and 
Vernand  von  Mernawe,  and  the  knights 
Caspar  von  Bulach,  George  Marx,  and 
Nicolas  von  Kurt  the  elder.  By  the 
advice  of  Peter  Vgelheymer  of  Frank- 
fort, their  host  at  Venice,  they  hired 
their  galley,  and  this  was  the  form  of 
the  contract  which  they  made  with 
master  Augustine  contarcni  (that  is, 
says  Breydenbach,  comite  renij^  the 
patron  (padrone)  of  their  galley. 

The  patron  was  to  carry  arms  for 


eighty  men;  he  was  to  supply  them 
with  meat  and  drink  twice  a  day  ;  for 
which  purpose  he  was  to  provide  good 
wine,  n*esh  fiesh,  eggs,  &o. ;  further,  to 
those  pilgrims  who  asked  it,  a  refection 
in  the  morning  and  a  collation  in  the 
evening,  with  malmesey  and  other 
things.  Whenever  the  pilgrims,  be 
they  many  or  few,  wished  to  go  on 
shore  to  procure  fresh  water  and  other 
necessaries,  the  patron  was  to  furnish 
his  boat  and  servants  to  take  and 
bring  them  back.  The  goods  of  any 
onedying'on  the  voyage  were  to  be 
restored  mtact  to  his  friends ;  and  if 
any  died  before  he  reached  the  Holy 
Land  one  half  of  his  passage  money 
was  to  be  returned.  The  pilgrims 
might  take  an  interpreter  witn  them, 
who  was  to  have  fVee  passage  on  board. 
Each  pilgrim  was  to  pay  42  ducats. 

The  patron  was  to  provide  fit  stow- 
age in  his  galley  for  fowls,  wood,  water, 
salt,  and  other  necessaries. 

After  stayins  22  days  at  Venice,  the 
party  embarked,  on  the  Ist  of  June, 
singmg,  aooording  to  custom.  Salve 
regina,  and  other  anthems  and  collects, 
and  on  the  drd  they  arrived  at  Parenza. 
They  touched  at  several  places  on  their 
way,  and  one  of  the  cuts  we  have  copied 
(Plate  I.)  represents  their  galley  when 
lying  off  Khodcs. 

Having  lefl  Cyprus  on  the  27th 
June,  a  favourable  wind  carried  them 
in  three  days  within  sight  of  the  Holy 
Land,  whereupon,  breaking  forth  into 
great  joy  and  exultation,  mey  saluted 
It  from  afar,  singing  Te  Deum  lauda- 
mu8^  with  the  anthem  Salve  regina^ 
and  other  suitable  collects  and  prayers. 
On  the  same  day  the  galley  cast  anchor 
before  Jaffa  or  Joppa  (as  represented 
in  Plate  II.)  The  patron,  according 
to  custom,  immediately  sent  to  Jeru- 
salem for  safe  conduct,  and  for  the 
warden  of  the  friars  minors  of  Mount 
Syon,  and  the  conductor  of  the  pil- 
grims called  the  trutzchelman,  or  dro- 
goman.  They  remained  expecting 
them  for  six  days,  during  which  the 
other  galley  which  sailed  with  them 


*  "  Johannes  comes  de  Solms  dns  in  Myntzenberg,  Dns  Bernhardus  de  Breyden- 
bach tunc  auidem  camerarius  nunc  vero  decanus  sacrn  metropo.  ecclesiiB  Moguntin. 
Iiujus  opeiis  auctor  principalis.  Dominus  Pbilippus  de  Bicken  miles.  Cam  hiis 
erat  inter  ceteros  eonim  familiares  pictor  ille  artificiosas  et  subtilis  Erhardut  Rewich 
de  Trajecto  inferior!,  qui  omnia  loca  in  hoc  opere  docta  mana  effigiavit.''  The  author 
also  names  eight  or  ten  other  knights  and  men  of  rank  who  accompanied  him  in  the 
pilgrimage  to  Mount  Sinaf . 


1851.] 


PUgrirndge  to  the  Holy  Land. 


279 


from  Venice  arrived,  and  cast  anchor 
within  bow-shot  of  them.  During 
these  days  some  of  the  galeots  of  each 
galley,  going  fishing,  were  apprehended 
by  the  infidels  and  received  a  condign 
thrashing  for  their  rashness.  (This  is 
represented  in  the  engi-aving.)  The 
pilgrims,  however,  sometimes  went  on 
shore  in  a  boat  with  their  patron  to 
buy  raisins  and  currants  {hotros  et  vras 
prtBcoqnas)  and  other  necessaries. 

At  len^h,  on  the  fifth  July,  there 
came  to  Jaffa  some  horsemen  of  the 
Soldan,  which  they  call  mamelukes, 
having  in  their  company  the  warden 
and  two  of  the  brethren  of  his  order, 
and  bringing  with  them  letters  of  con- 
duct from  the  lords  of  Jerusalem  and 
Rama.  The  same  day  Peter  Landawe, 
landing  his  pilgrims  on  the  shore, 
brought  them  into  a  certain  old  cave, 
as  it  was  customary  to  do  ;  "  but  we, 
being  warned  by  the  foresight  an(l 
kindness  of  our  patron,  preferred  to 
wait  in  the  galley.  So  it  happened 
that  whilst  our  fellow-pilgrims  re- 
mained for  three  days  and  three  nights 
shut  up  in  the  cave,  we  were  only 
shut  up  for  one  night."  For  it  was 
the  custom  with  the  pagans  to  take 
a  list  of  .all  the  pilgrims  as  they 
landed,  aftd  then  shut  them  up  in  the 
cave  until  they  had  agreed  with  their 
patrons  for  the  amount  of  their  safe 
conduct,  and  the  money  had  been  duly 
paid.  At  the  door  of  the  cave  the 
Christians  of  the  girdle,  that  is,  of  the 
faith  of  Saint  Paul,  coming  from  Je- 
rusalem and  Rama,  offered  provisions 
for  sale,  as  cooked  flesh,  chickens, 
^ggs,  bread,  and  fruit ;  of  which  the 
pilgrims  bought  as  they  pleased. 

This  miserable  cave  is  described 
in  most  of  the  pilgrimages,  including 
that  of  Sir  RichaA  Guylford,  whose 
party  "  lay  in  the  same  grotte  or  cave 
Fryday  all  day  on  the  bare,  stynking, 
stable  grounde,  as  well  nyght  as  daye, 
right  evyll  entreated  bj  the  maures ; " 
and  so  they  did  again  for  a  night 
before  their  re-embarking.  Jaffa  had 
become  the  ordinary  point  of  approach 
to  the  Holy  Land,  as  it  was  the  nearest 
port  to  the  Holy  City,  and  at  a  dis- 


tance of  only  seven-and-twenty  miles. 
It  was,  however,  only  a  ruined  town, 
as  represented  in  the  next  portion  of 
Rewich's  picture,  of  which  a  facsimile 
will  be  found  accompanying  the  Rev. 
John  Webb's  paper  in  the  XXIst 
volume  of  the  Arcliteologia.  Ber- 
trandon  de  la  Brocquiere,  who  made 
his  pilgrimage  in  the  year  1432,  gives 
the  following  account  of  this  place : 

"At  Jaffa  the  pardons  commence  for 
pilgrims  to  the  Holy  Land.  It  formerly 
belonged  to  the  Christians,  and  was  then 
strong  ;  at  present  it  is  entirely  destroyed, 
having  only  a  few  tents  covered  with  reeds, 
whither  pilgrims  retire  to  shelter  them- 
selves from  the  heat  of  the  sun.  The  sea 
enters  the  town,  and  forms  a  bad  and 
shallow  harbour ;  it  is  dangerous  to  re- 
main there  long,  for  fear  of  being  driven 
on  shore  by  a  gale  of  wind.  There  are 
two  springs  of  fresh  water ;  but  one  is 
overflowed  by  the  sea  when  the  westerly 
wind  blows  a  little  strong.  When  any 
pilgrims  disembark  there,  interpreters  and 
other  officers  of  the  Sultan  instantly  hasten 
to  ascertain  their  numbers,  to  serve  them 
as  guides,  and  to  receive,  in  the  name  of 
their  master,  the  customary  tribute.'* 

We  should  have  been  pleased  if  in 
further  illustration  of  these  curious 
representations  of  a  Pilgrims*  Galley 
we  could  have  presented  the  reader 
with  a  complete  description  of  its 
various  parts  and  arrangements :  but, 
though  we  have  turned  over  the  pages 
of  Charnock*s  Naval  Architecture  and 
Jal's  Archeologie  Navale,  we  have  met 
with  scarcely  anything  immediately  to 
the  purpose.  We  must  be  contented 
with  scrutinizing  its  external  features, 
and  by  imagining  how  some  600  men  * 
were  bestowed  according  to  the  con- 
ditions prescribed  in  the  following  par- 
ticulars. 

The  author  of  "Informacyon  for 
Pylgrymes  unto  the  Holy  Londe," 
printed  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde  in  1515, 
instructs  his  reader  that  when  hiring 
his  passage  at  Venice  he  should  go  to 
the  galley  betimes,  "  and  chose  a  place 
in  the  overmost  staffe,  for  in  the  lower 
it  is  right  evil  and  smouldering  hot 
and  stinking;  and  ye  shall  pay  for 
your  freight,  and  for  meat  and  drink 


*  Breydenbach  estimated  that  ten  gallies  which  met  at  the  isle  of  Mile  in  1483  con- 
tained about  6,(K)0  men.  He  mentions  the  result  of  two  gallies  being  thrown  togethei* 
at  tea  ;  one  wholly  broke  and  destroyed  baream  eollattralem  [Sic  orig.  q.  bancam  ?] 
of  that  in  which  he  sailed  \  but  oar  vessel,  he  adds,  *^  broke  away  their  kitchen  and 
every  thing  that  was  in  it," 


280 


Answer  of  the  Master  of  the  Bolls  respecting  [Sept. 

church  in  Venice ;  where  ye  shall  have  a 
feather-bed,  a  mattraas,  a  pillow,  two  pair 
of  sheets,  and  a  quilt ;  and  yc  shall  pay 
but  three  ducats.  And  when  ye  come 
again  bring  the  same  bed,  and  ye  shall 
have  a  ducat  and  a  half  for  it,  though  it 
be  broke  and  worn.  Also  hire  you  a  cage 
for  half  a  dozen  of  hens  or  chickens  to 
have  with  you  in  the  ship  or  galley;  for 
you  shall  have  need  to  them  many  times  ; 
and  buy  you  half  a  bushel  of  mill  seed  at 
Venice  for  them.  Also  take  a  barrel  with 
you  for  a  sege  for  your  chamber  in  the 
ship :  it  is  full  necessary  if  ye  were  sick 
that  ye  come  not  in  the  air.'' 

If  tliis  was  the  way  the  pilgrims  ge- 
nerally provided  themselves,  we  need 
not  wonder  at  the  crowded  aspect  of 
the  galleys  before  us.  The  barrels, 
the  chests,  tlie  hen-coops,  and  the 
stalls  for  live  animals  (ranged  in  two 
tiers,  one  above  the  other),  seem  to 
have  pretty  well  burdened  the  decks. 
In  the  whole-length  view  of  the  galley 
(Plate  I.)  the  double  cross  on  the 
banner  at  its  prow  shows  its  destina- 
tion for  Jerusalem.  On  the  hangings 
of  the  upper  deck  is  the  Lion  of  St. 
Mark,  the  arms  of  the  city  of  Venice. 
The  banner  with  a  lion  is  probably  in- 
tended for  that  of  the  Count  of  Solms, 
the  principal  passenger  (whose  coat 
was.  Or,  a  lion  rampant  azure),  and 
the  other  banner,  with  bendy  stripes, 
as  it  neither  belongs  to  Breydenbach 
nor  liicken,  was  probably  that  of  the 
patron  of  the  galley. 

We  have  still  to  fulfil,  on  another 
opportunity,  our  praposal  to  ^ive  some 
account  of  the  Enghsh  pilgrimages  of 
Wey  antl  Torkington,  which  are  pre- 
served in  manuscript. 


to  port  Jaflfe  and  again  to  Venice  fifty 
ducats,  for  to  be  in  a  good  honest  place, 
and  to  have  your  ease  in  the  galley, 
and  also  to  be  cherished." 

"  The  patron  was  to  be  bound  to  give 
hot  meat  twice  a  day ;  to  provide  good 
wine,  fresh  water,  and  biscuit.  The  pil- 
grim was  recommended  to  provide  himself 
with  three  barrels ;  two  for  wine  and  the 
third  for  water.  One  of  the  former  was 
to  be  kept  in  store  filled  with  red  wine,  for 
use  in  case  of  illness  ;  the  other  with  wine 
in  ordinary  use.  *'  Also  ye  must  buy 
you  a  chest  to  put  your  things  in ;  and, 
if  you  have  a  fellow  (t.  e.  a  comrade)  with 
you,  two  or  three  together  may  buy  a 
chest  as  broad  as  the  barrels  are  long;  in 
which  they  may  be  placed,  that  intended 
for  first  use  nearest  the  door.''  It  is 
added  that  ''  at  the  one  end  ye  need  lock 
and  key,  and  a  little  door ;  for  if  the  ship- 
men  or  other  pilgrims  may  come  thereto, 
they  will  tame  and  drink  of  it.'*  In  the 
same  chest  were  to  be  deposited  bread, 
cheese,  spices,  Sec.  **  for  though  ye  shall 
be  at  table  with  the  patron,  yet  notwith- 
standing ye  shall  full  oft-times  have  need 
to  your  own  victuals,  as  bread,  cheese, 
eggs,  wine,  and  others,  to  make  your  col- 
lation :  for  sometime  ye  shall  have  feeble 
bread  and  feeble  wine,  and  stinking  water, 
so  that  many  times  ye  will  be  right  faine 
to  eat  of  your  own.  Also  I  counsel  you 
to  have  with  you  out  of  Venice  confectives, 
confortatives,  laxatives,  restrictives,  green 
ginger,  almonds,  rice,  figs,  raisins  great 
and  small ;  which  shall  do  you  great  ease 
by  the  way;  and  pepper,  saffron,  cloves 
and  maces  a  few,  as  ye  think  need,  and 
loaf  sugar  also.  Also  take  with  you  a 
little  caldron,  afrying-pan,  dishes, platters, 
saucers,  of  tree;  cups  of  glass;  a  grater 
for  bread,  and  such  necessaries.  Also  ye 
shall  buy  you  a  bed  beside  saint  Mark's 


ANSWER  OF  THE  MASTER  OF  THE  ROLLS   RESPECTING  LITERARY 

ADMISSION  TO  THE  RECORDS. 


The  Master  of  the  Rolls  has  answered 
the  Memorial  upon  the  subject  of  granting 
literary  men  free  access  to  the  Records, 
which  we  printed  in  our  Magazine  for 
July  last,  (adding  the  complete  list  of  sig- 
natures in  our  last  Magazine,)  in  the  fol- 
lowing words  : 

RoiU  Houset  Chancery 'lane  ^ 
ZUtJuly,  1851. 
My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, — After  con- 
sulting  with   Sir  Francis   Palgrave,  and 
carefully  considering  your  Memorial,  with 
an  anxious  desire  of  meeting  your  wishes 
7 


as  far  as  practicable,  consistently  with  the 
proper  protection  of  the  Records  under 
the  existing  circumstances  of  the  Record 
establishment,  I  propose  to  comply  with 
your  request  to  some  extent  at  once,  with 
a  view  to  the  ultimate  compliance  with  it 
entirely,  if  the  measure  with  which  I  pro- 
pose to  commence  shall  be  found  to  work 
satisfactorily. 

For  the  present,  therefore,  I  will  assent 
to  the  following  regulation.  I  will  autho- 
rise Sir  Francis  Palgrave,  the  Deputy 
Keeper  of  Records,  to  grant  to  any  literary 
inquirer  permission  to  search  for,  examine, 


1851.] 


Literary  admission  to  the  Records, 


281 


and  inspect,  and  to  make  notes,  extracts, 
or  copies  in  pencil,  without  payment  of 
fees,  of  all  such  calendars  or  indexes  of 
Records,  and  all  Record  papers  and  docu- 
ments, or  classes  thereof,  as  in  his  judg- 
ment can  be  properly  opened  gratis  to  the 
literary  inquirer,  on  his,  the  inquirer,  ex- 
plaining to  the  satisfaction  of  Sir  Francis 
Palgrave  that  the  application  is  for  a  bonA. 
fide  literary  purpose,  upon  his  doing  which 
an  explanation  will  be  given  to  the  appli- 
cant of  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  as- 
sistance which  the  officers  of  the  establish- 
ment can  render,  and  Sir  Francis  Palgrave 
will  give  the  necessary  directions  to  the 
assistant-keepers  accordingly. 

This  regulation  I  have  considered  to  be 
necessary  in  order  to  prevent  any  person 
under  colour  of  literary  inquiry  gaining 
an  unfair  advantage  over  the  business 
searchers,  by  making  searches  pretendedly 
for  literary  information,  but  in  reality  for 
legal  or  professional  purposes,  whether 
business  or  legal  in  the  strict  sense  of  the 
word,  or  such  as  are  usually  conducted  by 
officers  of  the  Heralds'  College.  1  regret 
that,  under  present  circumstances,  it  is 
impossible  to  extend  the  rule  more  gene- 
rally, but,  until  the  new  repository  for  the 
Records  shall  be  opened,  both  accommo- 
dation and  attendance  are  insufficient. 

The  public  Records  and  Archives  can- 
not properly  be  considered  exactly  in  the 
light  of  manuscripts  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum  or  any  other  library,  for, 
besides  the  necessity  of  watching  them 
with  jealousy,  lest  they  should  be  interpo- 
lated, mutilated,  or  stolen,  the  greatest 
caution  is  required  to  prevent  their  re- 
ceiving detriment  by  rude  or  careless 
usage ;  and,  although  many  of  them  ai*e 
already  bound  in  volumes  (and  it  is  in* 
tended  ultimately  so  to  treat  all  which  arc 
susceptible  of  this  arrangement),  many  of 
the  most  important  class  of  Records,  in- 
cluding the  ancient  Enrolment  Rolls  of 
the  Chancery,  cannot  be  bound  up,  and 
their  tenderness  and  friability  from  age  or 
accident  exposes  them  to  the  chance  of 
injury  on  the  mere  rolling  and  unrolling, 
and,  in  consequence  of  their  being  written 
on  both  sides,  their  reparation  is  always 
difficult,  and  in  many  instances  impracti- 
cable. Another  difficulty  arises  from  the 
forms  and  sizes  of  documents ;  many  are 
not  connected  together,  and  are  not  sus- 
ceptible of  being  connected,  and  this  par- 
ticularly with  respect  to  charters  to  which 
seals  are  appendant,  which  might  be  easily 
abstracted  or  lost  by  fraud  or  negligence; 
and  further,  although  by  the  office  rule  all 
the  documents  ought  to  be  stamped  with 
the  office  stamp,  it  has  not,  as  to  many  of 
them,  been  possible  to  do  so  as  yet.  It 
is  proper  also  to  state  that,  in  some  in- 
stances, inquirers  who  have  an  inadequate 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


knowledge  of  the  work  of  prosecuting  their 
own  inquiry,  or  of  ancient  modes  of  wri- 
ting, are  apt  to  require  some  person  to  be 
at  hand  to  point  out  to  them  the  matters 
required,  or  to  decipher  the  writings,  or 
interpret  the  words ;  and,  by  so  doing, 
greatly  interrupt  the  business  of  the  office. 
The  table  of  fees  now  in  existence  was 
settled,  after  great  consideration,  by  Lord 
Langdale,  and  there  has  as  yet  been  no 
complaint  of  their  being  onerous  to  the 
individuals  who  have  occasion  to  use  the 
Records ;  they  were  framed  not  for  the 
purposes  of  revenue,  but  with  a  view  merely 
to  remunerate  fairly  the  actual  work  and 
labour  of  Government  officers,  and  to  pre- 
vent indiscreet  and  ignorant  inquirers  from 
occupying  the  time  of  those  officers. 

I  have  stated  these  matters  to  explain 
why,  with  regret,  I  feel  that  it  is  not 
possible  at  present  to  do  more  than  make 
the  limited  compliance  with  your  request 
I  have  above  stated;  when,  however,  the 
new  Record-buildings  shall  be  sufficiently 
completed,  these  regulations  shall  be  re- 
considered with  a  view  to  granting  every 
possible  facility  and  encouragement  to  li- 
terary inquirers,  and  I  shall  direct  Sir 
Francis  Palgrave  and  the  assistant-keepers 
to  construe  the  permission  I  propose  to 
grant  as  liberally  as  they  possibly  can  con- 
sistently with  their  duty. 

I  am,  my  Lords  and  Gentlemen, 
Your  obedient  Servant, 

John  Romillt. 
The  Lord  Mahou, 
&c.     &c. 

Lord  Mahon  acknowledged  the  receipt 
of  this  reply  in  the  following  letter : 

Cheveninfff  near  SevenoaiSf 
August  2,  1851. 
Sir, — I  have  the  honour  to  acknowledge 
your  letter  of  the  31st  ult.  and  I  will  take 
means  without  delay  to  communicate  it  to 
the  other  gentlemen  who  signed  the  Me- 
morial that  was  laid  before  you. 

Those  gentlemen,  I  am  sure,  will  concur 
with  me  in  feeling  both  the  courtesy  which 
you  have  shown  us,  and  the  care  with 
which  you  have  considered  our  request. 
They  will,  I  am  sure,  like  myself,  think 
you  well  entitled  to  the  gratitude  of  every 
man  of  letters  for  the  great  and  valuable 
concessions  which  you  announce  your  in- 
tention to  make  forthwith,  and  for  your 
further  promise  that,  whenever  the  new  Re- 
cord-buildings are  sufficiently  completed, 
the  regulations  shall  be  reconsidered  with 
a  view  to  granting  every  possible  facility 
and  encouragement  to  historical  inquirers. 
I  have  the  honour  to  be,  sir, 
Your  faithful  and  obedient  servant, 

Mahon. 

Master  of  the  Rolls, 
<cc.  9cc,  &c. 

20 


282 


Answer  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls, 


[Sept. 


A  meeting  of  the  subscribers  was  held 
at  the  Library  of  the  Society  of  Anti- 
quaries on  the  18th  Aug.  1851,  to  take  the 
reply  into  consideration  (John  Payne  Col- 
lier, esq.  V.P.S.A.  in  the  chair),  when  the 
following  resolutions  (amongst  others)  were 
unanimously  adopted  : — 
•  *'I.  Moved  by  Lord  Viscount  Strangford 
B.iJI  seconded  by  John  Britton, esq.  "That 
the  thanks  of  this  meeting  be  given  to  the 
Rt.  Hon.  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  for  the 
courtesy  and  care  with  which  he  has  re- 
ceived and  considered  the  memorial  laid 
before  him  on  the  subject  of  the  records, 
and  especially  for  the  partial  compliance 
which  he  intends  to  make,  and  his  promise 
that  when  the  new  record  buildings  shall 
be  suflSciently  completed  the  new  regu- 
lations Fhall  be  reconsidered  with  a  view 
to  granting  every  possible  facility  and  en- 
couragement to  literary  inquirers. 

II.  Moved  by  James  Spedding,  esq. 
and  seconded  by  Peter  Cunningham,  esq. 
*'  That  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  meeting 
that  the  intended  concessions  entitle  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls  to  the  gratitude  of  all 
men  of  letters." 

III.  Moved  by  Hepworth  Dixon,  esq. 
and  seconded  by  Bolton  Corney,  esq. 
"  That  these  resolutions  be  communicated 
to  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  by  the  chairman 
of  this  meeting/'" 

We  have  thus  arrived  at  the  end  of  the 
first  stage  of  this  very  important  literary 
movement.  A  respectful  statement,  signed 
by  names  whicli  were  a  guarantee  for  the 
weight  and  importance  of  the  matter  in 
hand,  has  received  from  a  high  official 
dignitary  the  courteous  and  careful  atten- 
tion which  literary  matters  have  as  yet 
been  little  accustomed  to  receive  in  such 
quarters.  This  is  of  itself  a  sign  of 
the  times,  and  a  good  one.  The  sub- 
ject seems  to  have  been  weighed  with 
something  like  judicial  anxiety,  and  the 
result  is  precisely  that  which  would  be 
arrived  at  if  other  literary  grievances  were 
examined  with  the  same  fairness — a  con- 
viction that  the  complaint  is  well  founded, 
and  a  desire  to  do  whatever  is  possible  to 
remove  it.  We  quite  agree  in  the  opinion 
expressed  by  Lord  Mahon,  and  con- 
curred in  by  the  meeting,  that  the  mode 
in  which  the  memorial  has  been  received 
fully  entitles  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  to 
our  thanks.  He  has  set  an  example,  which 
duly  followed  must  be  productive  of  ex- 
tensive good. 

As  to  the  amount  of  relief  intended  to 
be  g^ven  at  this  time,  wo  presume  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls  will  make  it  known 
more  precisely  by  some  Rule  or  General 
Order.  The  authority  is  for  the  present 
to  rest  entirely  with  Sir  Francis  Palgrave. 
No  man  is  more  competeoty  no  man  more 


judicious,  and  we  are  happv  to  know  that 
Sir  Francis  is  altogether  friendly  to  the 
concession,  and  looks  forward  to  it  eb 
opening  a  door  to  improvements  of  the 
most  important  character  in  English 
history  in  all  its  branches. 

Literary  men  will,  we  are  confident, 
shew  themselves  worthy  of  the  privilege 
they  are  about  to  obtain  by  discretion  and 
temper  in  the  use  of  it.  It  is  their  right, 
and  it  is  a  right  which  has  been  withheld, 
but  it  is  now  graciously  conceded,  and  we 
doubt  not  they  will  use  it  in  such  manner 
as  to  afford  no  possible  pretext  for  its 
withdrawal.  For  our  own  part  we  value 
the  right  so  highly  that  no  one  will  be 
more  severe  against  any  attempt  to  abuse 
it  than  ourselves.  But  we  have  no  fear 
upon  this  subject.  It  was  the  fashion, 
years  ago,  to  represent  Englishmen  at 
animals  so  wild  and  rough  in  nature  that 
it  was  not  possible  to  give  them  the  same 
degree  of  liberty  in  reference  to  works  of 
art  or  literature  as  the  people  of  other 
nations  have  long  enjoyed.  Every  suc- 
cessive privilege  which  has  been  given  to 
the  public  has  tended  to  prove  the  fallacy 
of  that  opinion,  and  so  it  will  be  with  re- 
spect to  the  Records.  The  conceded 
liberty  will  be  highly  valued ;  the  igno- 
rance which  is  hinted  at  in  the  answer  of 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls  (and  which  is  the 
natural  and  necessary  consequence  of  ex- 
clusion) will  soon  disappear;  there  will  be 
considerable  increase  in  the  official  reve- 
nue in  consequence  of  the  greater  demand 
for  transcripts  ;  and  general  history,  to- 
pography, and  biography — our  whole  his- 
torical literature — will  soon  begin  to  ex- 
hibit the  difference  between  Truth  and 
Romance. 

As  to  any  danger  to  the  Records  from 
the  admission  of  literary  men  to  inspect 
them  :  with  all  respect  to  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls,  we  must  be  allowed  to  remark 
that  our  past  experience  proves  too  clearly 
that  danger  is  rather  to  be  apprehended 
from  their  exclusion.  When  that  exclu- 
sion was  the  most  entire,  when  the  Re- 
cords were  treated  by  their  keepers  as  if 
they  were  their  own  property,  and  large 
incomes  were  derived  from  private  indexes 
and  other  shameless  contrivances  for 
making  the  Record  Keepers  the  sole  con- 
duits through  which  knowledge  of  the  con- 
tents of  these  documents  could  flow — how 
were  the  Records  kept  ?  Do  we  not  know, 
does  not  all  the  world  know,  that  they 
were  exposed  to  every  possible  destructive 
agency  with  which  man  is  acquainted; 
that  they  were  allowed  to  rot  in  damp, 
dark  holes,  the  prey  of  Termin,  dust, 
and  changes  of  atmosphere ;  that  when 
occasionaUy  fished  up  out  of  their  filUhioaa 
repositorict  they  were  ignorantlj  fpODftd 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban* 


283 


over  with  galls,  and  thus  for  a  moment's 
gratification  destroyed  for  ever ;  that  they 
were  taken  away  out  of  the  repositories  by 
their  Keepers,  and  after  their  deaths  were 
sold  as  part  of  their  private  estates  ?  We 
do  not  wish  to  keep  these  things  in  remeai* 
brance ;  but  when  dangers  are  suggested 
as  likely  to  arise  from  the  admission  of 
literary  men — dangers  which  we  cannot 
for  a  moment  admit  —  we  should  bear 
in  mind,  that  even  if  they  wer.c  real, 
there  is  danger  also  on  the  other  side,  and 
that  the  facts  which  we  have  alluded  to 
could  not  have  occurred  if  literary  men  had 
been  freely  admitted  in  past  times.  There 
is  a  rectifying  power  in  the  public  eye 
which,  if  it  had  been  brought  to  bear 
upon  the  records  years  ago,  would  have 
preserved  them  from  much  of  the  loss  they 
have  siistained,  would  have  saved  us  from 
the  national  discredit  which  they  have 
been  to  us,  and  would  by  this  time  have 
leavened  our  literature  with  that  historical 
truth  and  the  love  of  it  which  the  records 
alone  can  impart. 

Oar  present  race  of  Kce})ers  arc  all  ad- 
mirable men,  and  the  records  have  recently 
passed  through  the-purifying  furnace  of  a 
parliamentary  inquiry;  but  there  may  arise 
future  Keepers  who  know  not  Charles 
BuUer,  and  who  will  be  none  the  worse 
for  being  kept  to  their  duties  by  those  oc- 
casional inquiries — here,  there,  and  every 
where — which  will  be  the  result  of  a  free 
admission  of  literary  men.  At  the  worst, 
and  supposing  there  be  danger  (which  wc 
repeat  we  do  not  admit),  all  that  can  be 
said  b  that  there  are  disadvantages  on 
both  sides.  Admit  literary  men,  and  it  is 
said  to  be  possible  that  some  rude  hand  may 
do  damage  to  a  tender  parchment,  or  some 
wicked  hand  may,  some  day  or  other,  in- 


terpolate, or  mutilate,  or  steal  a  record. 
Such  has  not  been  the  result  elsewhere, 
where  literary  men  have  been  admitted 
freely,  and  is  all  but  impossible  amongst 
ourselves ;  but,  for  the  nonce,  admit  it, 
allow  its  remote  possibility.  "NVhat  then  ? 
Exclude  literary  men,  and  you  have  the 
evidence  of  actual  fact  before  you,  that 
the  damage  which  you  fear,  and  which 
may  possibly  arise,  to  a  solitary  record, 
or  to  one  here  and  there,  in  the  course 
of  years,  will  certainly  come  with  ten 
thousand  force  from  the  laziness,  the  care- 
lessness, and  the  ignorance  of  keepers, 
unrestricted,  unchecked,  and  unobserved. 
What  is  the  case  all  over  the  kingdom 
with  public  documents  ?  our  series  of 
public  registers,  for  example  ?  How  comes 
it  that  they  are  full  of  lacunae  and  hiatuses; 
that,  perhaps,  out  of  eight  or  ten  thousand 
not  one  of  them  is  absolutely  complete  ? 
What  has  that  arisen  from  ?  From  literary 
curiosity  or  roguery,  or  from  the  neglect 
of  keepers  ?  Does  any  one  doubt .''  So 
long  as  human  nature  is  what  it  is,  public 
officials  will  be  all  the  better  for  occasional 
looking  after;  and  we  may  feel  assured, 
on  the  one  hand,  that  if  literary  inspection 
had  been  freely  allowed  some  years  ago, 
we  should  not  have  mutilated  our  records, 
nor  have  sold  them  to  the  buttermen,  nor 
after  they  had  been  filched  by  gentlemen 
facetiously  called  "  keepers,"  have  paid 
large  sums  to  buy  them  back  again  for  the 
public  Use ;  and,  on  the  other,  that  if  literary 
inspection  be  not  henceforth  allowed  all 
these  incidents  will  in  due  course  of  time 
come  round  again.  With  a  view,  there- 
fore, to  the  safety  and  proper  keeping  of 
the  Records  themselves,  not  less  than  to 
their  literary  use,  we  rejoice  heartily  at 
the  decision  of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 


News  from  Heidelberg  (The  English  Garden  and  other  Relics  of  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia— 
Olympia  Morsta— The  double  church— Papal  activity— State  of  the  vines,  and  general  aspect 
of  the  country)— Mr.  Roche's  comments  on  the  communication  in  our  last  Magazine  of 
Bossuet's  Letter  on  the  Death  of  Henrietta  Duchess  of  Orleans— Reply  of  the  Communicator 
of  thesaroe— Historical  Questions  relating  to  persons  and  events  of  the  eleventh  century 
—Notes  upon  Nicotina— Suggested  Society  for  Improvement  of  the  English  Language. 

News  from  Heidelberg. 


Mr.  Urban, — We  thank  you  every 
hour  for  your  advice  that  we  should  spend 
our  autumn-holiday  this  year  at  Heidel- 
berg. We  doubt  whether  any  other  place 
would  have  so  exactly  supplied  what  we 
wanted  ;  objects  of  interest  of  such  various 
kinds  attainable  with  moderate  exertion  ; 


distance  enough  from  home  to  give  rest 
from  much  of  our  usual  correspondence 
and  the  daily  demands  on  thought  and 
feeling  which  a  London  life  presents; 
scenery  ever  attractive,  with  historical  and 
antiquarian  associations  enough  to  occupy 
us,  if  our  time  were  counted  by  months 


284 


Coi*respondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[Sept. 


rather  than  by  weeks ;  and,  moreover,  man- 
ners in  many  respects  quite  different 
from  those  of  England,  offering  ground 
for  untiring  speculation  on  the  good 
and  the  ill  of  life  in  different  countries, 
with  not  a  little  to  excite  one's  lively 
sympathy  in  the  political  and  religious 
aspect  of  affairs  around  us.  All  this  we 
have  found  in  abundance.  I  don't  know 
whether  you  partake  in  my  notions  of 
English  rambles  in  autumn.  As  they  are 
often  pursued,  I  confess  I  hold  them  in 
absolute  horror,  and  think  them  among 
the  grossest  instances  we  have  of  the 
"follies"  of  many  "of  the  wise."  Just 
picture  to  yourself  a  family  not  par- 
ticularly robust  in  health,  who  have 
been  running  the  round  of  a  London 
season — and  what  a  season  !  It  is  clear 
that  what  such  people  want  and  should 
have  is  rest,  combined  with  all  sorts  of 
pleasant,  but  still  not  exciting,  images : 
they  should  enjoy  the  perfect  luxury  of 
laziness.  Let  them  saunter  over  meadows, 
or  be  rowed  on  rivers,  or  lounge  over  a 
pleasant  book  in  a  garden.  Let  them  be 
transported  to  quite  a  new  scene,  and  have 
plenty  of  new  objects  before  them — new 
manners  to  watch,  new  people  to  see,  new 
views  to  sketch, — only  for  pity's  sake  do 
not  follow  up  a  season  of  laborious  dissipa- 
tion by  a  season  of  us  laborious  travel ; 
do  not  call  them  morning  after  morning  to 
undertake  another  long  day's  riding  and 
walking — to  be  hurried,  if  in  the  cities, 
from  one  museum  or  church  to  another : 
if  in  the  country,  to  climb  the  hills  and 
explore  the  glens  for  hours  together : 
to  take  no  heed  of  burning  suns  or  chilling 
dews,  but  to  pursue,  as  the  one  grand 
business  of  the  autumn,  the  laborious  work 
of  crowding  as  many  sights  as  possible 
into  their  given  allotment  of  time.  We 
have  seen  too  much  of  this.  Travellers 
are  unwilling,  when  in  a  foreign  land,  to 
omit  anything  which  people  say  they 
ought  to  see.  The  robust  traveller  may 
do  what  he  pleases  ;  but  it  is  a  cruel  mis- 
take to  follow  up  a  time  of  great  fatigue 
and  exhaustion  by  laborious  travel  under 
the  misnomer  of  recreation. 

Again,  I  say,  you  were  right  about 
Heidelberg  ;  we  think  you  would  also  have 
been  right  had  you  stayed  our  steps  at  an 
earlier  point.  We  should  have  been  well 
content  with  at  least  twenty  of  the  Rhine 
localities, — with  Boppart,  or  St.  Goar,  or 
Bin^en,  or  the  neighbourhood  of  Coblentz. 
Still  there  is  here  an  object  which  else- 
where we  could  not  find.  To  have  seen 
this  glorious  old  castle  is  the  very  pride 
of  our  lives.  Oh  Paxtons  1  oh  Crystal 
Palaces !  what  are  ye  to  this  ? 


Since  we  have  been  here,  and  since  I 
have  wandered  about  these  ruins,  and  sat 
under  the  shade  of  the  trees  planted  by 
the  Elector  Frederick  for  his  English 
bride,*  and  seen  the  sun  set  and  rise  from 
the  lofty  terrace,  I  wonder  not  that  it  has 
been  called  another  and  scarcely  less 
striking  Alhambra.  Desolate  and  broken- 
down  as  it  is,  there  are  portions  of  the 
building  which  present  a  fa9ade  of  most 
graceful  beauty.  The  rough  red-stone 
has  been  wrought  into  rich  arabesque 
patterns,  very  delicate  and  fanciful,  and 
even  the  massy  figures  standing  so  calmly 
in  their  several  niches  have  often  con- 
siderable merit  as  works  of  art  There 
is  one  in  particular — that  mentioned  by 
Longfellow  in  his  "  Hyperion" — of  Louis 
the  Elector,  in  the  tower  in  Elizabeth's 
garden,  which  has  drawn  me  towards  it 
again  and  again  in  admiration  of  its  **  mild 
majestic  countenance  looking  forth  into  the 
silent  night  as  one  reading  the  stars."  It 
is  really  startling  to  come  suddenly  upon 
this  grave  phantom,  shrouded  with  ivy 
and  robed  in  coat  of  mail.  It  is  quite  per- 
fect, while  all  immediately  around  is  in 
ruins.  There  is  a  moral  fitness  in  this 
preservation  of  the  image  of  him  who 
reared  the  noble  terrace  and  triumphal 
arch  at  the  entrance  of  Elizabeth's  garden. 
The  glimpse  one  has  of  the  delicious  scene 
within— the  green  sward— the  stately  linden 
trees,  so  picturesquely  disposed  in  groups 
and  singly — some  bent,  some  upright — 
then  the  ivy-crowned  tower  and  the  ter- 
race-walk, with  its  parapet  commanding  so 
lovely  a  view  towards  the  west.  Thither, 
I  rejoice  to  say,  steals  up  many  a  hard- 
working poor  man  and  woman  of  Heidel- 
berg, as  well  as  the  busy  or  dreamy  student, 
to  be  refreshed  by  a  view  of  the  setting 
sun.  It  is  pleasant  to  watch  them  as 
they  come,  plainly  for  nothing  but  the 
pleasure  of  feasting  their  eyes  and  gratify- 
ing their  feelings  of  just  pride  in  the 
beauty  around  them.  You  will  observe 
an  old  decent-looking  man,  or  a  servantly 
woman,  toiling  up  from  the  town  below, 
and  just  appearing  on  the  summit  at 
the  proper  moment  to  see  the  great  sun 
go  down  behind  the  Alsatian  hills.  You 
will  see  them  stand  with  folded  arms,  or 
silently  leaning  on  the  barrier,  for  perhaps 
five  minutes,  and  then  as  quietly  stealing 
down  again.  I  could  fancy  it  was  to  breathe 
out  a  prayer  there,  rather  than  in  Uie  dingy 
church  below,  where  the  vesper  bell  is 
calling. 

But  Heidelberg  is  not,  as  a  town, 
obedient  to  Romish  calls— and  that  very 
church  of  the  Holy  Ghost  on  which  I  am 
looking  is  as  a  city  divided  against  itself. 


*  Elizabethi  daughter  of  James  I. ;  the  Queen  of  Hearts. 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


285 


The  church  is  separated  into  two  parts, 
though  outwardly  it  appears  but  one ; 
Catholic  service  being  performed  in  the 
choir,  while  the  nave  is  devoted  to  the 
service  of  the  Protestants.  This  arrange- 
ment has  subsisted  ever  since  the  peace  of 
Westphalia  in  1648,  with  the  exception  of 
an  interval  of  about  five  months  in  the 
years  1719-20,  when  the  then  Elector, 
Charles  Philip,  himself  a  Catholic,  con- 
ceiving that  the  members  of  his  church 
were  defrauded  of  their  just  share  in  the 
religious  edifices  of  Heidelberg  by  the  ap- 
propriation of  this  nave  to  Protestant 
worship,  offered  to  build  the  Protestants 
another  church  near  the  old  one,  larger 
and  more  convenient,  if  they  would  allow 
him  to  pull  down  the  wall  of  partition  in 
the  church  of  the  Holy  Ghost  and  appro- 
priate the  whole  to  Catholic  worship. 
But  in  this  matter  the  townspeople  were 
immoveable.  They  declined  the  Elector's 
offers.  Charles  Philip,  much  aggrieved, 
endeavoured  to  attain  his  end  by  violence. 
The  church  windows  were  scaled,  the  wall 
beaten  down,  and  the  whole  fabric  re- 
ceived anew  the  papal  blessing.  The 
lord  of  4he  castle  soon  found  out  his  mis- 
take. The  sturdy  Heidelberg  Protestants, 
descendants  of  men  who  had  heard  John 
Huss  preach  in  the  neighbouring  church 
of  St.  Peter's,  appealed  to  the  leaders  of 
the  Protestant  cause  in  Europe.  England, 
Holland,  Prussia,  Hesse  Cassel  loudly  re- 
monstrated with  the  Elector,  and  so  vigo- 
rous were  the  threatenings,  and  so  prompt 
the  reprisals,  that  he  was  obliged  to  con- 
cede. He  restored  the  half  of  the  church 
to  the  townspeople,  but  in  anger  at  their 
obstinacy  chose  to  remove  the  electoral 
court  to  Manheira.  At  the  present  mo- 
ment there  is  a  fresh  infusion  of  dogmatic 
zeal.  The  Protestant  part  of  the  church 
below  is  filled  to  overflowing  twice  on  the 
Sunday  by  a  congregation  which  listens 
with  intense  interest  and  sympathy  to 
the  discourses  of  a  popular  minister 
who  delivers  with  great  power  and  elo- 
quence a  series  of  historical  attacks  upon 
or  answers  to  the  Jesuits,  who  have 
been  recently  making  the  most  desperate 
efforts  to  obtain  a  strong  hold  in  Heidel- 
berg. Day  after  day  some  learned  or 
powerful  preacher  of  this  order  is  occupy- 
ing the  pulpit  of  the  Jesuits'  church. 
Twice,  sometimes  three  times,  a  day  they 
are  at  their  work,  while  the  Protestants 
reserve  all  their  fire  for  Sundays.  I  do 
not  pretend  to  enter  into  politics,  but  it 
seems  to  me  pretty  clear  that  the  contest 
is  far  more  that  of  freedom  of  opinion  in 
general  against  arbitrary  power,  than  that 
of  one  set  of  religious  views  against  another. 
At  the  University  church  it  is  the  same. 
The  Vniversity  preacher,  spoken  of  as  a 


learned  and  able  man,  fixes  the  attention 
of  the  students  I  suspect  more  by  the 
political  bearings  of  the  questions  in  dis- 
pute than  by  the  sort  of  preaching  on  re- 
ligion which  would  be  admired  in  England. 
The  word  Reformation  is  synonymous  with 
what  they  love — with  liberty ;  and  the  real 
battle  is  between  freedom  and  coercion. 
And  who  coming  from  a  free  land  can 
stand  by  and  listen  to  these  renewed 
charges  and  rejoinders  without  an  earnest 
sympathy }  From  first  to  last,  it  is  the 
cause  of  humanity,  of  improvement,  of 
hope,  and  of  spirituality,  oerttM  Romanism. 
Say  as  much  as  you  please  about  the  good 
that  may  have  grown  up  with  the  latter, 
and  the  evils  that  have  come  out  of  the 
former,  still,  the  fact  remains  that  in  one 
there  is  not  free  agency — in  the  other, 
the  deep  and  serious  questions  of  religion 
are,  or  should  be,  settled  between  man  and 
his  Maker.  The  worshippers  **  in  spirit 
and  in  truth"  must  be  free-men. 

I  am  travelling  far,  you  will  say,  from 
the  Electoral  gardens.  Not  so.  How 
can  I  forget  that  there,  to  the  left  of  the 
church  I  have  been  looking  at,  stands  an 
older  church,  to  whose  ancient  door  Huss 
affixed  his  theses— in  whose  churchyard  he 
preached }  And  there  too,  under  a  plain 
stone,  and  with  a  simple  monumental  in- 
scription, rest  the  remains  of  the  young, 
the  beautiful,  and  learned,  OlympiaMorata; 
she  whose  earthly  work  was  over  at  the 
early  age  of  39,  but  who  in  that  short  pe- 
riod had  been  compelled  to  quit  her  native 
Italy,  charged  with  heresy,  and  at  length, 
settling  in  Heidelberg  with  her  husband, 
became  the  remarkable  exception  to  all 
German  rule,  past  and  present,  by  herself 
occupying  a  Professor's  chair.  Of  this 
singular  person  no  manuscript,  no  trace 
whatever,  is  to  be  found  in  the  university 
library.  Her  works  indeed  are  there,  as 
well  as  elsewhere,  but  one  would  like  to 
see  some  small  personal  relic,  an  auto- 
graph if  possible,  bringing  before  the  eye 
a  more  vivid  image  of  the  woman. 

In  that  library  are  still,  spite  of  the 
devastations  of  war  and  of  fire,  some 
very  valuable  manuscripts.  Luther  is 
there  with  his  laborious  annotations  and 
translations  ;  and  to  us,  as  English,  it  is 
interesting  to  look  upon  a  Selection  from 
the  Psalms,  in  the  handwriting  of  Eliza- 
beth the  Queen  of  Bohemia,  the  daughter 
of  our  James  the  First.  I  find  this  book 
in  general  described  as  the  Prayer  Book 
of  Elizabeth,  which  is  surely  an  incorrect 
designation.  It  is  in  German,  and  seems 
to  contain  merely  such  portions  of  the 
Psalms  as  she  conceived  suitable  either  for 
meditation  or  devotion.  The  book  has 
no  title-page,  neither  can  it  be  identified 
by  any  name  or  autographical  testimony. 


286 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanue  Urban. 


[Sept 


It  stands  in  the  University  Catalogue  as 
an  accredited  original,  and  there  does  not 
seem  any  cause  for  doubt  on  the  subject. 
There  is  likewise  another  manuscript  in 
connexion  with  the  Electress,  a  small  col- 
lection of  poems,  called  the  Tears  of  Time, 
by  an  English  attendant  of  Elizabeth, 
Thomas  Kybell,  a  sorrowful  lament  over 
the  woes  of  the  Palatinate. 

I  could  hardly  have  believed  it  possible 
to  make  the  past  present,  as  I  have  felt 
myself  hourly  compelled  to  do  while  in  the 
castle  at  Heidelberg.  In  the  Museum  of 
Antiquities,  gathered  together  in  certain 
rooms  of  the  castle,  which  have  been  set 
apart  and  repaired  for  the  purpose,  amid 
much  trumpery,  there  are  certainly  some 
valuable  things — some  valuable  as  memo- 
rials— some  for  the  merit  of  the  workman- 
ship— and  some  for  the  more  accurate 
ascertainment  of  historical  facts.  There 
you  have  portraits,  mostly  rather  hideout 
ones,  of  Electors,  and  their  wives  and 
wives'  relations.  You  have  a  fair  collec- 
tion of  electoral  coins,  medals,  and  seals — 
there  are  cups,  keys,  lamps,  armour, 
and  some  beautiful  china  of  the  Fran- 
kenthal  fabric.  There  are  also  views  of 
many  of  the  German  cities  in  the  middle- 
age  period,  and  among  the  drawings  many 
of  Heidelberg  castle  itself,  in  its  multifa- 
rious stages  of  erection,  destruction,  and 
renovation.  You  have  the  tempting  view 
of  that  lovely  English  garden  planned  for 
the  pleasure  of  Elizabeth,  and  sent  over 
to  show  her  what  was  in  store  for  her. 
When  one  stands  before  that  picture  of 
calm,  and  peaceful,  and  stately  beauty,  it 
is  difficult  not  to  wish  to  put  back  the 
hand  of  time,  just  to  give  the  ambitions 
princess,  *'  who  would  be  a  queen,''  as 
Mrs.  Jameson  says,  the  chance  of  a  better 
choice  and  a  happier  life.  Why  could  the 
not  be  content  with  almost  the  proudest 
palace  Europe  could  then  boast  ?  Why 
could  not  those  lovely  gardena,  those  rich 
prospects,  that  gallant  husband,  and  that 
adoring  people  suffice  for  the  English 
maiden  ?  Well,  she  had  her  choice,  she 
ate  her  dry  bread,  and  *^  begged  it  before 
she  ate  it,"  and  she  was  Queen  of  Bohemia. 

How  beautiful  is  our  "  green  Neckar  " 
this  automn  evening!  At  first  we  had 
much  ado  to  like  the  river.  The  brown 
clayey  water  swelling  and  surging  beyond 
its  legitimate  boundariea  seemed  to  toil 
instead  of  purify  whatever  it  touched. 
Violent  rains  some  miles  up  among  the 
bills  had  swelled  every  brook,  and  Neckar 
had  got  a  great  deal  more  than  hit  thare 
of  debrit,tand,and  gravel, — and  there  came 
more  serious  signs  of  mischief  than  these 
— planks,  uptom  treet,  portions  of  broken 
bridges,  bodies  of  drowned  animalt,  even, 
it  was  laid,  of  nen.     After  this,  quickly 


arrived  sad  histories  of  disatter  and  ruin : 
how  the  waterspout  had  carried  away  tta* 
property  of  a  whole  village,  demoliabed 
the  little  branch  railway  to  Baden  Baden; 
how  wine  cellars  had  been  inundated,  wiat 
casks  set  floating  and  fished  up  not  without 
difficulty  and  damage — and  all  this  while 
our  pretty  Neckar  was  more  and  more  of 
a  swaggerer,  talking  loudly  by  day  and 
by  night,  straying  into  places  where  ht 
had  no  business  to  be,  in  dwellings,  in 
warehouses,  in  the  lower  streets  of  the 
town.  Not  a  single  one  of  his  little  green 
islands  could  now  be  teen-H>nly  here  end 
there  a  feeble  branch  of  a  shrub  whidi 
grew  upon  them  struggling  with  the 
stream.  Many  curious  towntpeople  went 
up  on  those  days  to  the  castle  terrace  to 
mark  the  state  of  things ;  and  truly  it  was 
a  remarkable  sight  to  watch  the  windiogi 
of  the  river  till  it  joined  the  far  broader 
Rhine  at  Manheim,  for  the  Rhine  too  had 
overflown  its  banks  and  risen  twelve  fiNt 
in  a  night.  There  was  no  alarm,  none  at 
least  visible  on  the  slow,  stolid  faces  of 
the  Germans,  but  it  was  clear  that  a  oon- 
tinuance  of  the  rains  would  be  of  seriovi 
consequence  to  the  crops  on  the  plain,  aa 
well  as  to  roads  and  bridges. 

The  rain  did  not  continue  however,  bnt, 
on  the  contrary,  a  fortnight  of  cleudlesa 
sunshine,  almost  too  bright  and  powerfal 
for  our  island-eyes  and  heads  to  bear,  bnt 
not  in  the  slightest  degree  interfering  with 
the  habits  even  of  the  woman-kind  hi  onr 
vicinity.  Seldom  do  we  see  a  bonnet  or 
cap,  or  any  sort  of  protection  used  to 
guard  them  from  this  intente  sunlight. 
They  walk  to  and  fro  past  our  door  through 
the  handsome  Heilbronn  gate,  morninr, 
noon,  and  night,  with  their  long  hur 
neatly  put  up  behind.  On  Sundays  tiwy 
dearly  love  a  smart  shawl,  but  still  the 
head  is  bare, — not  in  the  field  work,  hew- 
ever,  unless  indeed  the  errand  be  merely 
to  cut  a  little  grass  for  the  cow.  When 
they  reap  the  corn,  a  species  of  work  moitty 
left  to  the  women,  they  hare  hats  wi& 
broad  brims ;  but  perhaps  to  an  Engliak 
eye  nothing  seems  so  strange  as  the  eocked 
hat  of  the  ploughman  and  waggoner. 
In  our  minds  it  is  associated  with  mfli* 
tary  costume,  and  when  we  come  suddenly 
upon  a  rather  clumsy  rustic,  guiding  us 
horses  or  cows  along  the  furrow,  his  bead 
covered  with  a  huge  fierce* looking  cocked 
hat,  such  as  you  may  now  and  then  still 
see  on  a  sign  post  in  a  retired  EngUsh 
village,  surmounting  a  figure  called  the 
King  of  Prussia,  the  effect  is  in  the  first 
instance  irresistibly  comic.  All  who  haTe 
been  long  enough  here  to  know  anything 
of  the  people,  will  I  think  bear  testimony 
to  their  general  dvility  and  kindlineea, 
and  stin   more  to  their  indnstry.    The 


1851.] 


Coi*re9pondenc€  of  Syhanus  Cfrban. 


287 


present  ia  not  indeed  their  busiest  time ;  the 
com  hanrest  is  nearly  gathered  in,  and  they 
most  patiently  wait  for  their  grapes — for 
what  grapes  they  will  have  this  year. 
They  are  plentiful  enough  indeed,  but  the 
lateness  of  the  spring  and  summer  has 
thrown  them  very  backward,  and  I  am 
told  there  is  little  chance  of  their  having 
now  time  to  ripen  well,  and,  if  not,  the 
loss  to  many  a  small  proprietor  is  a  serious 
One.  The  wine  indeed  will  be  made,  but 
there  will  be  less  in  quantity,  and  it  will 
be  little  esteemed.  Having  always  been 
warned  to  expect  no  beauty  in  vine- 
covered  hills,  I  found  myself  agreeably 
disappointed  here.  It  is  true  that  there 
is  a  good  deal  of  mere  training  to  poles 
like  the  hop,  but  a  large  portion  is  made 
to  cover  a  kind  of  rough  trellice-work, 
which  has  a  pretty  effect,  and  to  those 
who  take  their  walks  at  this  season  on 
the  hiil.sides  affords  a  most  refreshing 
shelter  from  the  sun.  The  time  has 
not  arrived  for  closing  the  vineyards  to 
the  public.  Bv  and  by,  as  the  grapes 
ripen,  a  wisp  of  straw  will  be  put  upon  a 
pole  denoting  that  you  are  not  to  enter 
where  it  appears ;  but  just  now  we  circu- 
late freely  along  the  paths  and  little  flights 
of  steps  that  intersect  the  vines,  and  very 
interesting  it  is  to  have  a  near  view  of  the 
careful  culture  on  these  hills. 

It  is,  indeed,  not  without  reason  that 
Mr.  Howitt  in  his  interesting  and,  I  really 
think,  most  accurate  account  of  this 
neighbourhood,  speaks  of  the  absence  of 
any  thing  like  absolute  solitude  in  the 
wide-spread  woods  and  hills.  Nowhere 
can  you  go  without  coming  upon  some 
proof  of  the  economy  and  care  with  which 
everything  which  can  be  converted  to  use 
is  sought  for  and  collected  here,  in  its  due 
season.  The  withered  leaves,  the  fir  cones, 
the  sere  boughs,  the  patches  of  coarse 
grass  or  weeds,  of  all  these  and  many  more 
woodland  treasures  there  are  sure  to  be 
collectors  in  the  most  silent  woods.  Even 
there,  too,  are  often  well  kept  and  well 
managed  pathways  ;  sometimes  the  tra- 
veller's comfort  is  attended  to  by  a  simple 
bench  in  a  pretty  spot ;  and  now  and 
then  an  opening  made  and  a  little  table 
surrounded  by  rustic  seats  show  that  it  is 
customary  for  some  of  the  neighbouring 


people  to  spend  a  holiday  evenbig  under 
the  pleasant  shade. 

Before  we  came  hither  friends  warned 
us  of  the  frequency  of  the  interruptions 
occasioned  by  rain.  It  may  be  so, 
though  in  our  case  it  certainly  has  not 
proved  true  ;  but,  as  a  counterpoise,  we 
cannot  but  remark  on  the  extreme  dry- 
ness of  the  soil,  on  the  Heilbronn  side  at 
least,  of  Heidelberg.  After  the  hardest 
rain  we  have  found  the  roads  and  paths 
quickly  fit  for  pedestrians.  In  this  re- 
spect, as  in  some  others,  I  am  often  re- 
minded of  the  Malvern  hills. 

In  going  up  the  river  towards  Neckar 
Steinach,  the  red  rock  has  been  quarried 
out  in  large  masses  ;  and  from  this  source 
I  conclude  has  the  material  for  the  new 
railway  buildings  beyond  the  Manheim 
gate  been  drawn.  I  find  myself  fancying 
continually  that  I  am  transported  to  Lan- 
cashire or  Cheshire,  when  1  see  these  rich 
red  stone  buildings,  and  am  apt  to  as- 
sociate them  in  my  mind  with  much  that 
I  have  there  loved  and  admired;  but 
it  strikes  me  that  the  grain  of  the  stone 
here  is  much  finer  and  more  durable,  and 
not  porous.  Indeed,  when  one  sees  what 
violent  efforts  have  been  used,  with  very 
partial  success,  to  break  up  the  solid  frag- 
ments of  the  castle,  one  cannot  help  hav- 
ing a  high  opinion  of  the  quality  of  the 
stone  itself.  Much  remains  for  us  yet,  We 
find,  to  see  and  do;  the  Bergstrasse  tempts 
us  every  day  ;  the  river  offers  to  lead  us 
among  most  bewitching  hills;  and  as  we 
look  out  from  the  Elizabeth-terrace,  how 
stroDglv  are  our  fondest  historical  memo- 
ries called  forth.  Clearly  visible  are  the 
two  towers  of  old  Spires  cathedral ;  there, 
where  Rodolph  of  Hapsburgh  lies,  and 
where  many  a  noble  German  deed  has  been 
done.  Further  on  is  Worms,  and  all 
around  is  the  fatherland  of  the  Minne- 
singers, and  there  did  Siegfrid  kill  the 
dragon,  and  a  hundred  of  the  marvels  re- 
lated in  the  Niebelungenlied  take  place. 
Can  you  wonder  that  we  like  Heidelberg  ? 

Yours,  &c.  T. 

P.S. — News  has  just  reached  ub  of  the 
death  of  the  aged  Professor  Paulus :  of 
this  remarkable  man  I  feel  how  much 
there  is  to  say ;  some  few  details  I  may  be 
able  to  give  you  in  my  next. 


Comments  upon  the  coimuNicATiON  of  Bosbuet^s  Letter  on  the  Death 

OF  Henrietta  Duchess  of  Orleans. 


Corky  Augtut,  1851. 
Ma.  Urban, — Among  the  articles  of 
this  month's  Magazine,  that  containing 
Bossnet's  most  interesting  letter  on  the 
death  of  the  young  Duchess  of  Orleans, 
our  Princess  Henrietta-Anne,  at  once 
commanded  my  attention,  both  from  its 
purpose,  and  the  writer's  eminent  charac* 


ter,  when  some  inaccuracies  in  the  trans- 
lator's introductory  observations  and  the 
English  version  struck  me  as  demanding 
correction. 

In  the  former  he  states  ''  that  the 
British  ambassador,  Montagu,  afterwards 
the  duke  of  that  name,  writing  home  to 
Charles  II.  says,  I  asked  her  if  she  be- 


288 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Sept- 


lieved  herself  poisoned ,  &c/*  Sach,  from 
the  suddenness  of  the  fatal  attack,  was 
generally  credited,  though  here  clearly 
disproved ;  but  I  roust  remark,  that  the 
ambassador  (a  Montagu)  was  certainly  not 
he  who  was  afterwards  the  Duke  of  that 
name,  and  who  could  then,  in  1670,  have 
been  only  a  child  ;  for  his  father,  Robert 
the  third  Earl,  born  in  1634,  was  not 
above  six-and-thirty,  and  his  grandfather 
too  still  lived,  and,  born  early  in  1602,  had 
not  completed  his  sixty-eighth  year,  while 
neither  had  prematurely  married.  The 
dukedom,  we  know,  was  not  conferred  till 
nearly  half-a-century  subsequent  to  the 
English  princess's  death,  in  1719,  on 
Charles  the  fourth  Earl,  who  died  the  fol- 
lowing year.  He  had,  indeed,  been  am- 
bassador to  the  court  of  France  in  1699, 
rather  a  remote  period  from  1670,  but 
never  before. 

**  Avant  hier,"  writes  Bossuet,  **  Roze 
me  dit  que  cette  bonne  Princesse  ne  s'estoit 
souvenue  que  de  moi  seul,  et  quelle  avoit 
command^  qu'on  me  donniLt  une  bague. 
J'ai  depuis  sceu  qu*elle  en  avoit  donn^ 
I'ordre  durant  un  moment  de  temps  que 
je  me  retirai  auprea  d^elle,  rn*ayant  de- 
mandt  unpen  de  repost*'  &c.  This  last 
sentence  is  thus  rendered  :  ''  I  have  since 
learned  that  she  gave  the  order  during  an 
instant  that  I  left  her  bedside,  having  re> 
quested  permission  to  retire  for  a  little 
rest.^'  Here  the  bishop  is  represented  as 
demanding  for  himself  a  little  rest,  but  in 
the  original  it  is  the  Duchess,  who  desires 
his  withdrawal  for  her  own  repose.  So 
any  one  familiar  with  the  language  will  at 
once  perceive.  As  he  was  quickly  re- 
called, she  probably  wished  his  retirement 
from  some  natural  necessity  thus  delicately 
veiled.  At  all  events,  it  was  not  he  who 
pleaded  or  felt  fatigue  in  the  performance 
of  his  duty.  As  the  translation  is  other- 
wise substantially,  though  not  always 
strictly  faithful,  1  need  only  add,  that  the 
original  is  not  obsolete  in  any  way,  as 
stated  in  the  article,  except  in  the  ortho- 
graphy. Not  a  word  or  form  of  phrase  is 
antiquated,  and  the  great  writer's  style 
must  ever  continue  a  model  of  excellence. 

The  M.  Roze  (or  Rose)*  referred  to  in 
the  letter,  was  **  President  k  la  Chambre 
des  Comptes,''  corresponding  in  some 
degree  to  our  Exchequer  Office,  and  the 
regular  repository  of  all  high  official  docu- 
ments, where  of  course  was  deposited  the 


princesses  will.  Rose  (whose  baptismal 
name  was  Toussaint)  was  likewise  private 
secretary  to  the  King  (secretaire  da  cabi- 
net du  Roi)  for  which  influential  office  he 
had  been  recommended  by  Mazarin,  as 
his  rapid  penmanship  equalled  in  velocity 
that  of  the  most  voluble  speaker.f  He 
also  could  so  exactly  imitate  the  royid 
signature,  that  Louis  was  glad,  except  on 
special  occasions,  to  transfer  the  trouDle  to 
him.  As  a  member  of  the  French  Aca- 
demy, d'Alembert  included  his  name  in 
his  Eloges  of  that  distinguished  body,  then 
holding  the  supreme  rank  in  the  literary 
and  scientific  institutions,  and  of  which 
d'Alembert  was  secretary. 

Bossuet  says  that  he  communicated 
Henrietta's  so  unexpected  death  to  M,  le 
Prince,  whom  the  translator  obviously 
understood  to  be  her  husband,  which 
is  an  error,  for  he  was  emphatically 
called  Monsieur  alone ;  but  Monsieur  le 
Prince  was  the  Prince  de  Cond^,  le  Grand 
Cond^,  first  prince  of  the  blood  at  that 
time,  and  as  such  Bossuet  was  charged 
with  the  communication,  as  well  as  to  the 
other  branches  of  the  royal  family,  who 
were  much  edified  by  the  recited  details  of 
the  sorrowful  event.  Monsieur,  the  King's 
brother,  Philip  of  Orleans,  was  the  patri- 
arch of  the  late  reigning  dynasty,  by  a 
second  wife,  a  Princess  Palatine.  He  was 
a  most  depraved  man,  if  truly  represented. 

Of  all  the  eloquent  funeral  orations  pro- 
nounced by  Bossuet,  the  most  impressive 
was  doubtless  that  here  referred  to.  He 
had  rendered  the  same  homage  only  seven 
months  previously  to  Henrietta-Maria,  the 
Princess's  widowed  mother ;  but  the  sub- 
ject was  less  affecting,  and  the  great 
orator  realised  the  assertion  of  Tacitos 
(Dialogus  de  Orator,  cap.  32),  '^Crescit 
cum  amplitudine  rerum  vis  ingenii,"  for 
Cardinal  Bausset,  his  biographer,  empha- 
tically says,  *'  que  Bossuet  pronon9a  sur 
le  cercueil  de  la  Princesse  les  paroles  les 
plus  touchantes  qui  soient  peut-6tre  ja- 
mais sorties  de  la  bouche  des  hommes." 
On  the  earliest  sensation  of  her  alarming 
condition  she  committed  her  spiritual  di- 
rection to  Bossuet,  "  declarant,*'  adds  the 
Cardinal,  **  qu'elle  vouloit  absolument 
mourir  eotre  ses  maines."  Though  then 
named  Bishop  of  Condom  he  had  not 
been  consecrated.  More  than  a  century 
after,  I  heard  the  citizens  of  that  town  (in 
1789)  express  their  deeply-felt  pride  in 


*  See  Gentleman's  Magazine  for  March,  1840,  where  the  ingenious  mystification 
practised  by  this  gentleman  on  Moli<^re  is  related,  and  may  be  worth  recurring  to.  He 
died  in  1701,  aged  90. 

t  Currant  verba  licet,  manus  est  velocior  illis ; 
Nondum  lingua,  suum  dextra  peregit  opus.*' 

Martial,  Epigr.  lib.  xiv.  208. 

e 


1851.] 


CoiTespondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


289 


the  distinction  of  his  great  name  in  their 
episcopal  list.  In  1681  he  was  removed 
to  Meaax.  "  Parlons  d'avance  le  langage 
de  la  posterity,  c'etoit  an  p^re  de  Teglise/' 
are  the  words  of  La  Bruy^re,  little  wont 
to  eulogise.  *'  L^aigle  de  Meaux/'  and 
'Me  snblime  Bossuet,"  were  his  charac- 
teristic designations,  and  continue  to  be  so. 
Yours,  &c.        James  Roche. 

Having  communicated  these  comments 
to  the  correspondent  who  sent  us  the  paper 
published  in  our  last  Magazine,  we  have 
received  the  following 

REPLY. 

Mr.  Urban. — I  feel  extremely  flat- 
tered by  the  notice  taken  of  my  commu- 
nication by  Mr.  Roche.  A  good  deal  of 
his  comment  is  of  the  kind  which  belongs 
to  that  period  when  antiquaries  hung  illus- 
trative notes  upon  every  nameor  fact  which 
came  in  their  way,  too  often  burying  in  this 
manner  their  main  subject  under  a  heavy 
weight  of  irrelevant  and  wasted  learning. 
Such  in  my  judgment  is  Mr.  Roche's  in- 
formation about  *'  Roze"  and  "  Philip  of 
Orleans,"  and  the  "  Eagle  of  Meaux.*^  If 
I  had  thought  it  worth  while  to  draw  upon 
very  common  works,  I  should  have  found 
no  difficulty  in  telling  you  about  the  rapid 
penmanship  of  Roze,  the  depravity  of 
Philip  of  drleans,  or  the  sublimity  of  the 
^agle  of  Meaux,  but  I  should  have  doubted 
whether  even  the  youngest  of  your  readers 
had  not  been  already  sufficiently  instructed 
at  any  event  upon  two  of  those  topics.  Such 
gossip  drops  pleasantly  from  aged  lips. 
One  listens  to  it  with  respect  and  interest 
when  it  comes  to  us  intermingled  with  the 
recollections  of  more  than  sixty  years  ; 
but,  as  I  cannot  tell  you  what  I  heard  at 
Condom  in  1789,  I  have  no  such  excuse. 

In  reference  to  the  special  faults  in  my 
little  communication  which  Mr.  Roche 
esteems  to  demand  correction,  I  will  take 
them  in  order,  beginning  with  his  last. 

Mr.  Roche  will  I  hope  accept  my  as- 
surance that  he  is  mistaken  in  supposing 
that  I  understood  '*  M.  le  Prince"  to  be 
the  princess's  husband.  Why  he  should 
imagine  so  I  cannot  divine.  I  should  not 
have  thought  it  possible  that  anybody 
could  have  so  misunderstood  either  me  or 
the  obvious  context. 

He  says  I  am  wrong  in  asserting  that 
the  letter  of  Bossuet  is  obsolete,  for  that  it 
is  "  not  obsolete  .  .  except  in  the  ortho- 
graphy.*' I  said  it  was  ** partly  obsolete'* 
I  am  obliged  to  him  for  correcting  the 
obvious  mistranslation  of  **  m'ayant  de- 
mande  un  peu  de  repos."  If  such  a  slip 
proves  me  not  to  be  familiar  with  the 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


language  from  which  I  was  translating,  I 
must  submit  to  the  inference. 

But  the  first  point  is  my  chief  offence. 
I  have  said  that  "  the  British  ambassador 
Montagu,  afterwards  the  Duke  of  thai 
name,  wrote  '*  home  certain  things.    Here 
1  am  very  ignorant.    The  ambassador,  Mr. 
Roche  tells   you,   certainly  could  never 
have  been  the  Duke  of  that  name,  because 
in  1670  he  was  only  a  child,  his  father 
Hobert  the  third  earl  having  been  bom  in 
1634,  and  his  grand-father  in  1602.    The 
dukedom,  **  we  know,"  says  Mr.  Roche, 
**  was  not  conferred  until  1719  on  Charlet 
the  fourth   earl  who  died  the  folldwing 
year.     He  had  indeed  been  ambassador  in 
France  in  1699,  but  never  before."    Now, 
Mr.  Urban,  this  is  all  a  dream  of  your 
worthy  correspondent.     There  is  not  a 
single  word  in  it  that  is  accurate.    Turn 
to  any  peerage  which  gives  an  account  of 
the  Dukes  of  Montagu,  and  you  will  find 
that  Ralph  Montagu  was  the  ambassador 
in  question ;    that  his  father's  name  was 
Edward,  not  Robert ;  that  he  (the  father) 
was  not  the  third  earl,  nor  any  earl  at  all, 
but  simply  the  second  Baron  Montagu  of 
Bough  ton  ;  that  we  may  presume  that  he 
was  not  bom  in  1634,  because  he  died  in 
1683,  aged  67  (Collect.  Topog.  ii.  221)  ; 
and   that   his    father    (the  ambassador*s 
grandfather)    was   probably   not  born  in 
1602,  because  he  was  created  a  baron  in 
1621,  and  died  at  a  very  advanced  age  a 
prisoner  in  the  Savoy  in  1644  ;  the  duke- 
dom  could  not  have  been  conferred  as 
"  we  know"  in  1719  because   the  first 
Duke  died,  not  in  1729,  but  in  1709  ;  and 
he  was  not  "  Charles  the  fourth  earl " 
but  Ralph,  the  ambassador  of  1670,  created 
Viscount  Monthermer  and  Earl  of  Mon- 
tagu 9th  April,   1689  (in  reward  for  his 
services  in  the  Revolution  of  1688),  and 
Duke  of  Montagu  by  Queen  Anne  on  the 
12th  April,  1705.    What  or  whom  Mr. 
Roche  may  have  been  thinking  about  I 
cannot  imagine. 

I  vrill  not  retort  upon  your  venerable 
correspondent  that  this  little  slip  proves 
him  not  to  be  familiar  with  such  subjects. 
I  make  no  doubt  that  he  is  much  more  so 
than  I  am.  Nor  will  I  suppose  that  his 
devotion  to  the  persecutor  of  Fenelon,  the 
aspiring  Eagle  of  Meaux,  is  either  so  blind, 
or  so  superstitious,  as  that  of  the  unhappy 
lady  whose  death  is  our  subject.  It  is 
probably  only  a  devotion  so  eager  that  in 
bis  anxiety  to  make  it  manifest  his  ac- 
customed accuracy  has  been  put  to  sleep. 
He  would  have  escaped  this  oversight  and 
would  give  additional  value  to  what  he 
writes  if  he  would  accustom  himself  to 
quote  authorities.  B. 

2P 


290 


C6rr§ipondence  of  Syhanui  Uriam* 


[Sept. 


histobical  qubstions  relating  to  persons  and  evints  of  tbi  lltb 

Century. 


Mr.  Urban, — I  ihall  be  much  obliged 
if  you  or  any  of  your  correspondents  can 
give  me  information  as  to  any  of  the  sub- 
joined difficulties  which  have  occurred  to 
me  in  studying  ihe  history  of  the  eleventh 
century. 

Ist.  In  the  **  Chronicle  of  the  Princes 
of  Wales  "  (Monumenta  Historica  Britan- 
nica,  p.  855)  the  followiog  entry  occurs 
under  a.d.  1056. 

•*  Two  years  after  that,  and  then  Mag- 
nus, son  of  Harold,  King  of  Germany, 
eame  to  England,  and  ravaged  tlie  do- 
minions of  the  Saxons ;  Grufudd,  King  of 
the  Britons,  being  conductor,  and  auxiliary 
to  him." 

What  can  be  the  event  here  referred  to  ? 
That  it  must  be  a  strange  disguisement  or 
confusion  of  something  else  is  plain,  as  it 
is  certain  that  no  such  person  as  "  Magnus, 
son  of  Harold,  King  of  Germany,"  ex-' 
isted  in  1056.  But  what  can  the  story  be 
on  which  it  is  built?  1  can  find  nothing  at 
all  like  it  in  the  other  chronicles.  Cer-. 
tainly  in  the  same  year  Earl  Harold  received 
the  homage  of  King  Gruffydd,  in  the  name 
of  Edward  the  Confessor,  and  the  same 
Harold  had  a  son  M^ignus  ;  but  I  do  not 
see  how  these  facta  could  be  distorted  into 
the  strange  form  of  the  event  in  the  Welsh 
Chronicle. 

«nd.  Who  is  the  "  .Elfgyva  "  who  ap. 
pears  in  the  Bayeux  Tapestry  ?  I  may 
add,  what  on  earth  is  the  '*  Unus  Clericus  ** 
doing  to  her .'  I  find  in  Mrs.  Green's 
English  Princesses,  i.  15,  a  reference  to 
Archteologia,  xvii.  101,  note  p.  (which 
unfortunately  I  have  not  at  hand  to  refer 
to),  for  an  opinion  that  the  person  in- 
tended is  Duke  William's  daughter  Ade- 
liza.  Mrs.  Green  adds,  **Thi8  conjecture 
is  rendered  improbable  by  the  fact  that 
the  figure  in  question  is  that  of  a  woman, 
whereas  Adeliza  was  a  mere  child  at  the 
time."  Moreover,  why  should  a  Norman 
Princess  be  described  by  an  English  name 
in  a  Norman  record,  even  supjiosing  (for 
which  I  know  not  of  any  authority)  that 
it  was  stipulated  that  in  the  event  of  her 
marriage  with  Harold  she  should  axsume 
an  English  name,  as  in  the  case  of^Elfgifu 
—Emma.* 

3rd.  In  a  paper  by  Mr.  Wright  in  the 
Archaeological  Journd,  i.  35,  he  mentions 
'*  the  two  most  authentic  accoupts  of  the 


early  history  of  Waltham  Abbey,  botli 
written  apparently  late  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  the  Vita  Haroldi  and  the  traet 
De  inveniione  Sancia  Crueit  Walik^meH' 
m."  Have  these  ever  been  printed  ?  and, 
if  not,  is  there  any  chance  of  any  of  our 
publishing  societies  taking  them  in  hand  ? 

4th.  Who  was*'  Harding,  mayor  of  Bris- 
tol "  (see  Fosbroke's  History  of  Berkeley, 
p.  70,  and  Godwin^s  Catalogue  of  Bishops, 
p.  411),  father  of  the  well-known  Robert 
Fitzharding,  ancestor  of  the  Berkeley 
family  and  founder  of  Bristol  Abbey  ? 
He  is  called  **  second  son  of  the  King  of 
Denmark,"  and  Harding  is  explained  ** soa 
of  Harold  or  Hardicanute.**  I  do  not 
see  how  Harding  (unless  quasi  Heralding) 
could  come  from  either  of  those  names  s 
moreover  there  does  not  seem  to  baTe 
been  any  Harold,  of  Denmark  in  the 
eleventh  century.  Harthaenut  is  always 
said  to  have  died  childless ;  a  son  of  his 
also  would  hardly  be  thus  Taguely  de* 
scribed  as  son  of  the  King  of  Denmark, 
as  Harthaenut  reigned  also  in  England. 
Svend  Estrithson  filled  the  Danish  throne 
at  the  time  of  the  Conquest,  bat  as  he 
constantly  took  the  English  side,  one 
would  not  look  for  a  son  of  his  enteriB| 
England  in  the  train  of  William,  as  ij  said 
to  have  been  the  case  with  this  Harding. 

5thly.  What  does  Saxo  Grammatical 
(Lib.  X.  p.  202,  ed.  1664)  mean  by  a  nar- 
rative in  which  he  attri bates,  not  to  God- 
win, but  to  his  son  Harold,  a  treacherous 
massacre  of  the  Danes  in  England  on  the 
accession  of  Edward  the  Confessor  ?  Is 
there  any  coufusion  with  the  massacre  in 
the  time  of  .£thelred  ?  It  is  very  re- 
markable that  Saxo  always  speaks  of  our 
Harold  with  the  greatest  bitterness,  which 
is  strange,  as  he  was  the  ally  and  kinsman 
of  Svend.  On  the  other  hand  one  would 
expect  the  victor  of  Stamford-bridge  to 
have  been  an  object  of  dislike  to  Norwe- 
gian writers;  yet  the  following  extract 
seems  to  give  us  a  Saint  Harold,  which, 
considering  the  part  taken  by  the  Holy 
See  in  the  business,  would  seem,  like  the 
miracles  of  Simon  de  Montfort,  to  be  a 
very  sufficient  argument  that  **  the  Bishop 
of  Rome  hath  no  jurisdiction  in  this 
realm  of  England.*' 

"  Regi  Jatvardo  in  imperio,  omniam 
subditorum  volontate,  Haraldos  Gndinl 


r-^r 


■r-T" 


III  ■  1.   .    II. 


■nr 


^r-r 


*  Our  correspondent  may  be  referred,  upon  this  second  query,  to  Arehaeologia,  zfar. 
200-1,  where  Mr.  Amyot  collected  all  that  was  then  conjectured  about  Alfgyva.  We 
know  that  he  continued  his  interest  in  the  subject  down  to  a  much  later  period  of  his 
life,  but  was  never  able  to  arrive  at  any  satisfactory  conclusion  respecting  the  lady. 
The  Clericus  is  thought  to  be  bringing  intelligence  or  bestowing  a  beaediottoa«<— £o« 


:.  tssL] 


Corresp&ndmit  ofSyhiniii  Urban. 


2di 


flliUs  SQceesiit :  qaem  qnidam  Inter  sane- 
toi  jam  referant :  Rex  coronatud  is  ex- 
itititi  uDCtaa  sancto  chrismate :  Pugnam 
•atem  babuit  cam  Rege  Haruldo  Sigurdi 
filio,  quern  et  snperavit:  sed  paulo  post 
Tenit  Vilhialmus  Bastardus,  comes  Ra- 
densis  ex  Nordmandia  Angliae  provincia. 
Hie  prselio  HaraMum  Qudini  filium  ador- 
tus,  Uluin  superavit,  quo  facto  Vilbialmas 
regno  potitus  est."  &c.  [Tlie  author 
proceeds  to  give  one  of  the  stories  of 
Harold  snrvifiog  the  fight  of  Hastings.] 

The  above  is  foand  at  p.  263  of  "  Addi- 
tamenta,  ut  videtur,  eju^dem  auctoris/' 
appended  to  the  Life  of  Olaf  Tryggweson, 
by  Oddas  the  Monk,  published  at  Upsal 
in  1691,  in  the  original  Norse,  with  a 
Latin  and  a  modern  Swedish  translation. 
Unfortunately  I  am  not  capable  of  judg- 
ing of  it  in  either  the  old  or  the  new 
Scandinavian  form,  but  I  transcribe  the 
Norse  as  well  as  I  can,  in  hopes  of  some 
information  whether  the  Latin  version  is 
accurate  or  not.  In  the  latter  I  do  not 
see  bow  "  quem  qoidam  "  &c.  can  be  re- 


ferred  to  "  Jatvardo/^  the  If^orM  Is  as 
follows,  as  well  as  I  can  copy  words  of 
which  I  can  only  guess  at  the  meaning. 

"  Epfir  Jatvard  Kong  toe  riki  af  yild 
alz  landfolksins,  Haraldur  Gudina  son^  er 
sumir  kalla  helgan  vera  :  Hann  var  yiqdr 
konqr  ocsmurdr  helgum  chrisma  :  hann- 
bardist  vit  Harald  Kong  Sigurd  son  oo 
felldi  hann  :  oc  litlu  sidar  kom  Vilialmur 
Bastardur  Rudn  Jarl,  oc  atti  hann  Rijki  1 
Nordmandihan  bardist  vit  Harald  Kong 
Gudina  son  oc  feldi  hann,  enn  Vilialmttr 
tok  rijket." 

We  may  remark  that  the  whole  passage 
seems  as  if  written  expressly  to  deny  the 
Norman  statements  with  regard  to  Ha- 
rold's election  and  coronation.  In  a 
former  paragraph  the  writer  gives  Edward 
the  Confessor,  his  Jatvard  us,  the  compa- 
ratively faint  praise  of  '*  princeps  optimus 
in  multis." 

Any  information  on  any  of  these  heada 
will  be  most  acceptable  to 

Yours,  &c.        E.  A.  F. 


Notes  upon  Nicotina. 


Cork,  July  28. 

Mflt.  tJftfiA?(,-^The  recent  monrnful 
aeene  in  Belgium,  daring  the  trial  of  the 
late  Count  de  Bocarm^,  which  disclosed 
to  the  public  what  was  previously  familiar 
only  to  the  chymist  or  medical  practi- 
tioner— the  fatally  active  power  of  the 
poison  Nicotian — furnished  for  seventeen 
days  a  theme  of  deep  interest  to  the  Euro- 
pean press  ;  but  as  in  the  organs  of  general 
information  I  have  not  discovered  any 
allusion  to  the  name  and  origin  of  this 
fearful  poison,  of  which  a  single  drop  will 
destroy  a  dog,  or,  only  brought  in  contact 
with  the  human  tongue,  will  cause  con- 
vulsions and  lethargy,  a  few  words  ex- 
plicative of  the  circumstances  to  which 
we  owe  our  knowleds^e  of  it  may  not  be 
unacceptable^of  course,  a  scientific  dis- 
cus^^ion  is  not  my  purpose. 

The  •'  Nicotiana  Tabacum,"  of  which 
the  empyreumatic  oil  forms  the  Nicotina, 
is  the  well-known  tobacco- plant,  now  of 
such  universal  use,  but,  like  the  potato, 
coffee,  and  tea,  a  stranger  to  Europe  until 
a  recent  period.  Its  first  introduction  was 
to  Portugal,  from  Brasil,  in  the  middle  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  when  (that  is,  in 
1559  or  1560)  the  French  ambassador, 
M.  Jean  Nicot,  Seigneur  de  Villem»iin, 
becoming  informed  of  its  sedative  enjoy- 
ment and  comforting  effect  in  its  undele- 
terious  or  undisiilled  8tate,  transmitted 
some  of  the  seed  to  Catherine  de  Medicis, 
and  subsequently  brought  over  the  plant 
itself,  as  a  present  to  that  Queen,  by  whose 
name  he,  or  more  probably  herself,  wished 
to  have  it  called ;  and  so  it  was  for  awhile 


**  Herba  Medicea,"  or  Herbe  k  la  Reine  } 
but  his  own  name  ultimately  prevailed, 
and  has  been  adopted  by  botanists.  Indig- 
nant at  its  being  disgraced  by  the  hated 
one  of  Catherine,  Buchanan  thus  repelled 
it  with  bitterest  and  characteristic  sarcasm, 
not  much  misapplied  indeed. 

Doctus  ab  Hesperiia  rediens  Nicotius  oris, 

Nicotianarn  retulit ;  [bam 

Nempe  salutiferam  conctis  languoribos  her« 

Prodesse  cupidus  patrioe, 
At   Medice    Catharina,   KhBapym^    luesqncl 

Medea  sccali  sui,  [suorum, 

Ambitione  ardens,  Medicett  nomine  plantam 

Nicotianam  adulterat : 
Utque  bonis  cives  prias  exuit,  exuere  herbn 

Honore  vult  Nicotium. 
At  vos  auxilium  membris  qui  qucritis  egriSi 

Abominaudi  nominis 
A  planta  cohibete  manus,  os  claudite,  et  anres 

A  peste  tetra  occludite. 
Nectar  enim  virus  fiet,  panacea  venenumi 

Medicea  si  vocabitur. 

Buchanan*s  favorable  opinion  of  the 
plant  was  not,  it  would  appear,  participated 
by  his  royal  pupil,  who  published  a  quartd 
volume  under  the  title  of  *'  A  Counterblast 
to  Tobacco,"  which  he  represents  as  alike 
injurious  to  men's  morals  and  health,  al* 
though  his  pecuniary  exigencies  forced 
him  to  allow  its  culture  in  Virginia,  then 
in  progress  of  plantation,  under  a  heavy 
import  duty.  The  original  or  indigenous 
appellative  of  the  plant  was  Petun.  Its 
introduction  into  France,  whence  it  rapidly 
spread  over  Europe,  was  also  claimed  by 
Andrew  Thevet,  a  Franciscan  friar,  mha 
asserted  that  he    had   brought  it  from 


292 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Sept. 


Brasil,  its  native  soiU  where  be  had  been 
a  missionary ;  but  Nicot's  priority  seems 
established,  though  his  competitor's  pre- 
tensions were  rather  favoured  by  the  Queen 
Catherine,  to  whom  he  was  almoner. 

Nicot  left  at  his  death  a  work  published 
in  1606,  4to.  *'  Tr^sor  de  la  Langue  Fran- 
r^oise,"  &c.  which,  like  our  Palgrave's, 
Florio*s,  Minsheu's,  and  other  old  vo- 
cabularies or  dictionaries,  proves  so  useful 
in  explanation  of  now  obsolete  language  ; 
but  no  event  of  his  public  life,  except  his 
embassy  to  Portugal,  rendered,  as  above 

Suggested  Society  for  Improvem 

Mr.  Urban, — I  beg  leave  to  strengthen, 
by  one  small  voice,  the  call  of  your  cor- 
respondent "  Philologus  "  for  the  forma- 
tion of  a  new  **  Society  for  the  Improve- 
ment of  the  English  Language,^^  or  the 
little  of  it  which  we  have  still  left  us. 

The  corruptions  of  our  tongue  arc  in- 
creasing at  80  fast  a  rate,  that  at  no  great 


stated,  memorable,  is  entitled  to  notice^ 
One  of  the  earliest  works  on  tobacco  after 
his  decease ,  ' '  J .  Neandri  Tabacologia,  hoc 
est,  Tabaci,  sen  Nicotianse,  Dcscriptio," 
(Ley den,  1622,  4 to.)  is  rare  and  carious, 
shewing  its  extensive  and  varied  use  evea 
then,  and  the  opinions  held  on  its  influence, 
direct  or  gradual,  on  the  human  health 
and  feelings,  a  subject  still  of  controverted 
discussion,  though,  I  much  fear,  not  of 
favourable  solution. 

I  remain,  &c.      James  Roche. 

ENT  OF  the  English  Language. 

length  of  time  it  will  be  hardly  understood 
without  a  knowledge  of  at  least  three  lan- 
guages, Latin,  Greek,  and  French;  and 
will  be  wholly  untit  for  the  teaching  of  the 
lower  ranks  of  the  nation  either  by  ser- 
mons or  books,  which  very  few,  if  any,  of 
them  could  understand. 

Saxon. 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Meeting  of  the  Scientific  Congress  of  France— Arcba:ological  Association  at  Derby— Catalogpue 
of  Mr.  Roach  Smith's  Museum— Proposed  application  of  the  Crystal  Palace— Bust  of. 
Char1e3  Duller- Recent  discoveries  in  Assyrian  History  by  Col.  Rawlinson— Diary  of  Ed- 
mund Bohun— Vaudey  Abbey— Prospects  of  the  Publishing  Season— Notices  of  miscel- 
laneous Works. 


It  may  be  interesting  to  such  of  our 
antiquarian  friends  as  are  about  to  visit 
the  continent  to  be  reminded  that  the 
18th  session  of  the  Scientific  Congress 
OF  France  will  be  held  at  Orleans  on 
the  \^th  September,  The  meeting  will 
last  for  about  ten  days.  Any  fellow  of 
our  learned  societies  would  be  sure  of  a 
good  reception  there,  and,  judging  from 
the  proceedings  of  past  years,  we  may 
undertake  to  assure  any  English  anti- 
quary  that  he  would  derive  both  amuse- 
ment  and  pleasure  from  being  present. 

The  Arch.cological  Association 
has  had  a  prosperous  and  pleasant  meeting 
at  Derby.  We  hope  to  give  a  report  in 
our  next. 

It  is  intended  to  publish  by  subscription 
a  Catalogue  of  the  extensive  Collection  of 
Roman  and  Medieval  Antiquities 
discovered  within  the  precincts  of  the  City 
OF  London  which  is  in  the  possession 
of  Mr.  C.  Roach  Smith.  The  casualties 
attending  such  collections,  and  particularly 
the  recent  dispersion  by  public  auction  of 
a  very  large  quantity  of  London  antiqui- 
ties  of  great  value  and  interest,  render  a 
published  record  of  the  contents  of  this 
curious  and  valuable  museum,  compiled 
by  the  proprietor,  extremely  desirable. 
The  work   will   be  copiously   illustrated 


with  woodcuts,  and  be  arranged  so  as  to 
render  it  of  service  to  the  ardiseologist  ai 
a  work  of  reference.  Pecuniary  remu- 
neration is  out  of  the  question  ;  but  with 
a  view  to  assist  towards  defraying  the 
expense  of  engraving  and  printing,  a  sub- 
scription of  from  7t.  6<f.  to  10«.  (not  to 
exceed  the  latter  sum),  is  proposed. 

The  Destiny  of  The  Crystal  Palace 
remains  still  in  doubt.  Many  people 
think  that  a  portion  of  it  might  be  applied 
with  good  effect  towards  the  reception  of 
a  collection  ofcattt  q/*  the  mott  admired 
sculptures  of  all  ages  and  nations.  Thej 
who  think  so  should  begin  to  bestir  them- 
selves upon  the  subject.  At  one  of  the 
sectional  meetings  of  the  Archaeological 
Institute  at  Bristol  Mr.  Yates  procured 
the  following  resolutions,  to  be  referred 
to  the  consideration  of  the  Central  Com- 
mittee in  London  : 

"  I. — That,  in  the  opinion  of  this  meet- 
ing, great  assistance  might  be  afforded  to 
persons  engaged  in  archnological  studies 
by  the  formation  of  a  complete  collection 
of  copies  of  the  most  admired  and  in- 
structive sculptures  of  all  ages  and  nations. 

*'  2. — ^That  such  a  collection  ought  to 
consist  of  copies  made  in  metal,  plaster, 
terracotta,  or  any  other  materiali  and 
principally  taken  from  statQes>  busts,  urns, 


1851.J 


Notes 'of  the  Month. 


29% 


fases,  candelabra,  bat-reliefsy  cameos,  and 
intaglios. 

'*  3.— That  although  sach  a  collection 
might  be  made  with  great  ease,  and  at  a 
comparatively  small  expense,  and  could 
not  fail  to  be  highly  attractiye  to  all  spe- 
culators ;  although  it  would  afford  the 
most  important  aid,  not  only  to  scholars 
and  artists,  but  to  many  classes  of  manu- 
facturers, and  would  tend  greatly  to  the 
refinement  and  elevation  of  the  public 
taste;  and  although  similar  collections 
have  for  these  reasons  been  maJe  in  many 
of  the  great  capitals  of  the  continent,  yet 
this  country  is  without  any  collection 
which  deserves  mention  in  reference  to 
this  question,  and  that  great  deficiency  in 
our .  national  institutions  has  probably 
arisen  from  the  want  of  a  building  large 
enough  to  receive  such  a  collection. 

**  4. — ^That  the  erection  of  the  Crystal 
Palace  in  London,  and  the  accumulation 
of  a  large  sum  of  money  by  the  profits  of 
the  Industrial  Exhibition,  afford  a  most 
fttvourable  opportunity  of  realising  the 
project  here  suggested,  more  especially  as 


this  sdieme  would  be  to  a  great  extent  iii 
perfect  harmony  with  the  original  design 
of  the  Exhibition. 

*'  5. — ^That  in  order  that  a  suffident 
portion  of  the  Crystal  Palace,  wh^er 
maintained  on  its  present  or  any  other 
site,  and  of  the  surolus  funds  arising  firom 
the  Industrial  Exhibition,  may  be  appro- 
priated in  the  manner  aforesaid,  the  (Jen- 
tral  Committee  of  this  Institute  be  hereby 
authorised  and  requested  to  prosecute  thu 
important  object,  either  by  Petitions  to 
Parliament,  by  memorials  addressed  to  the 
Commissioners  of  the  Industrial  Exhibi* 
tion,  to  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury,  or  to 
the  Board  of  Woods  and  Forests,  or  in 
such  other  way  as  they  may  deem  expe- 
dient." 

A  bnst  by  Weekes  of  the  late  Rt.  Hon. 
Charlbs  Bullbr  (a  memoir  of  whom 
was  given  in  our  Magazine  for  Jan.  1849) 
has  been  placed  in  the  north  transept  of 
Westminster  Abbey  near  the  statue  of 
Francis  Horner.  The  following  inscrip- 
tion on  the  tablet  under  the  bust  is  from 
the  pen  of  Mr.  Monckton  Milnes. 


**  Here,  amidst  the  memorials  of  maturer  greatness, 
This  tribute  of  private  affection  and  public  honour 
Records  the  talents,  virtues,  and  early  death  of 
The  Right  Hon.  Charles  Buller  : 
Who,  as  an  independent  Member  of  Parliament, 
And  in  the  discharge  of  important  offices  of  State, 

United  the  deepest  human  sympathies 
With  wide  and  philosophic  views  of  government  and  mankind, 
And  pursued  the  noblest  political  and  social  objects 

Above  party  spirit  and  without  an  enemy. 
His  character  was  distinguished  by  sincerity  and  resolution, 
His  mind  by  vivacity,  and  clearness  of  comprehension ; 
While  the  vigour  of  expression  and  singular  wit 
That  made  him  eminent  in  debate  and  delightful  in  society 
Were  tempered  by  a  most  gentle  and  generous  disposition  : 

Earnest  in  friendship,  and  benevolent  to  all. 
The  British  Colonies  will  not  forget  the  statesman 
Who  so  well  appreciated  their  desires  and  their  destines ; 
And  his  country,  recalling  what  he  was,  deplores 
The  vanished  hope  of  all  he  might  have  become. 
He  was  bom  August  — ,  1806.     He  died  November  29,  1848." 


The  number  of  The  Athenaum  for 
23  August  contains  a  letter  from  Colonel 
Rawlinson,  announcing  some  very  im- 
portant DISCOVERIES  just  made  by  him 
in  connection  with  the  recently  excavated 
Assyrian  ANTiauiTiss.  He  has  suc- 
ceeded in  determinately  identifying  the 
king  who  built  the  palace  of  Khorsabad 
with  the  Shalmaneser  of  Holy  Writ,  and 
has  found  in  his  annals  statements  of  hb 
wars  against  Samarina  {Samaria),  Pirhu 
(Pharaoh),  and  Jamnai  (the  Jabneh  or 
Jamneh  of  the  Bible).  He  has  also  found 
annals  of  the  first  seven  years  of  the  reign 
of  Sennachi  riba  (Sennacherib),  the  son 
and  successor  of  Shalmeneser.  This  king 
built  the  palace  of  Koyunjik,  which  Mr. 


Layard  has  been  recently  excavating.  His 
annals  contain  accounts  of  the  expedition 
against  Hezekiah,  related  in  3  Kings, 
xviii.  13 — 17,  and  agree  with  the  scrip- 
ture narrative,  even  to  the  number  of 
talents  of  silver  and  gold  which  the  Assy- 
rian monarch  exacted  as  tribute.  The 
only  copy  of  the  annals  of  Sennacherib 
which  has  yet  been  found  extends  only  to 
his  seventh  year.  The  miraculous  de- 
struction of  his  army  occurred  some  nine 
or  ten  years  later.  There  is  also  in  the 
British  Museum  a  copy  of  the  annals  of 
Esar-Haddoo,  the  son  of  Sennacherib,  in 
which  there  occurs  an  explanation  of  the 
deportation  of  the  Israeutes,  mentioned 
in  Ezca,  iv.  9,    Esar-Haddon  was  sac* 


»4 


JftdM  bfthe  Snnthi 


{fiUflL 


cdeieA  hy  llfi  Ion,  who  fi  flamed  by  tbe 
Greeks  Saracas,  or  Sardana|ialu8,  dtirtog 
whose  reign  Nine^eb  was  destroyed. 

We  hfcartilf  congratulate  Colonel  Raw- 
llnson  upon  these  most  taluable  disco- 
veries. Tbey  will  no  doubt  lead,  as  he 
anticipates,  to  results  of  the  greatest  curi- 
osity and  importance.  The  reignd  of  the 
Assyrian  kings  thus  identified  extend  from 
about  B.C.  740  to  600,  and  the  earliest 
marbles  now  in  the  Museum  are  thtis  fiied 
to  about  B.C.  lOOO. 

A  curious  DiABt  of  Sowt^ivo  fiofiicM, 
a  voluminous  writer  of  the  Seventeenth 
century,  has  turned  up  in  Suffolk,  hii 
native  county,  and  is  about  to  be  published 
under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  S.  W.  Rix  of 
Beccles,  the  author  of  the  Fauconberge 
Memorial. 

We  received,  too  late  to  be  available 
last  month,  a  ground  plan  of  the  recently 
discovered  foundations  of  the  church  of 
Vaudey  Abbei/.  We  were  wrong  in  stating 
(p.  157)  that  any  of  the  eicavated  piers 
belonged  tp  the  chancel.  Their  position 
is  thus— 


East. 
O  O 


•II 


The  four  larger  piers,  whieh  measttft 
eleven  feet  in  diameter,  are  those  of  a 
central  tower,  for  it  is  clear  that  it  was  a 
cross  church;  the  three  to  the  sooth  belong 
to  the  transept,  and  one  to  the  west  to  the 
nave.  The  whole  of  these  measure  9  feet 
by  7i.  In  the  transept  the  intervening 
spaces  are  8^  feet,  in  the  nave  1 0^  feet. 
The  piers  of  the  tower  are  25  feet  apart, 
as  we  stated  last  month.  A  plain  wall 
was  found,  running  east  and  west,  and 
built  up  to  the  last  pier  towards  the  south. 
From  its  position  and  rough  work  it  eould 
not  be  an  original  part  of  the  church ;  it 
stood  seven  feet  high.  Large  quantities 
of  highly-wrought  stone  have  been  won 
from  the  ruins.  The  bell  mentioned  to 
have  been  found  in  our  former  statement 
was  not  the  Sanctus  bell  usually  so  called, 
which  was  commonly  suspended  at  the 
east  end  of  the  nave,  outside,  but  a  hand 
bell  for  use  within  the  church. 

The  publishing  trade  has  almost  gone 
to  sleep  during  the  last  month,  but  we 
hear  rumours  of  great  doings  when  the 
season  comes  round  again  and  the  town 
fill9i»  The  number  of  works  in  progress  of 
all  kinds  is  unusually  large.  0(  books 
not  strictly  in  our  way  we  have  received 
the  following  :— 

Ihffo  Sermoni  on  th%  duty  qf  keeping 


the  Lord**  Day,  and  the  mtinkif  In  wMeh 
it  should  be  kept.  By  Richard  Mrvej^f 
M.A.  Rector  of  Horntey.  iSmo.  Groom* 
bridge.^— "EeXTieatf  practical,  Sober,  Well^ 
Considered  discourses,  calcnlated  to  be  pe- 
culiarly beneficial  in  a  neighbonrhdod#hlcb 
partakes  in  that  disregard  of  the  Sabbatll 
which  is  shamefully  general  In  our  snl^ 
urban  parishes. 

The  Second  R^rmatioHt  of  ChrU^ 
iionity  deteioped.  By  A,  Aliton,  ei^, 
890.  1851. -The  author  jjroposea  thtfl 
#e  should  move  on  froA  Protestantisia 
to  Infidelity  by  the  way  ot  revolution. 

Z^y»  and  Legends,  or  SoUade  of  thi 
Sew  World.  By  0.  W.thotnlntry.  IJmo. 
Saunders,  18&1.— >Thi8  gentlemaa  ad* 
dresses  his  critics  thus — "  When  you  next 
slay,  like  sons  of  Cain,  a  bantling  of  the 
meanest  brain,  remunerate  the  unhappy 
wight,  even  if  he  be  a  black,  by  paying 
his  publisher,  and  repaying  his  expansM 
for  paper,  pens,  ink,  and  the  midniglli 
oil,  or  beware  my  vengeance;  for  by  th# 
nine  gods  I  swear  it— let  Pluto  record  it 
in  his  ledger — the  next  time  I  meet  yoD| 
whether  in  pnblk  or  private,  lane  or  street, 
highway  or  oyway,  or  any  other  way,  I  will 
than  and  there  seite  yoo,  as  a  condor  would 
a  chicken,  and  grasping  you  incontinently 
in  the  place  aforesaid,  I  will  brand  with  a 
hot  steal  pen  upon  your  narrow  forehead 
the  letter  C,  which  the  korld  knows  sUnds 
for  critic,  craven,  coward,  cuckold,  and  a 
thousand  other  distastefol  names.**  Cer- 
tainly this  is  a  new  style  of  address  to  critics. 
The  book  is  not  so  bad  as  such  nonsense 
would  seem  to  foretell,  but  it  is  useless  to 
say  anything  abont  it.  If  we  praise  it, 
every  one  will  believe  that  we  do  so 
in  fear  of  branding.  If  we  dispraise  it, 
woe  betide  uBl<^**as  a  condor  would  a 
chicken . "     H  ea ven  help  us  1 

A  Selection  from  the  Poems  and  Dra- 
malic  Works  ef  Theodor  Komer.  By 
the  translator  <if  the  *'  Nib(lungen»Trea- 
ture.'*  8«o.  WiUiami,  1851.— Spirited 
and  faithful  translations  of  poems  loU  of 
genius. 

A  Plea  for  Arckbiihop  Teni9on*i  Li* 
brary,  adilreued  to  the  Clergy  and  Sin* 
dious  Persons  of  the  City  of  Westmintler, 
By  the  Rev.  Philip  Hale,B.A.  Curator  nf 
the  Library.  Svo.  Lotid.  1851. — An  able 
and  sensible  appeal.  Tenison^s  Library 
should  be  the  Sion  College  of  the  Weet 
End  of  London,  and  a  very  little  assist- 
ance on  the  pare  of  the  wealthy  clergy 
would  enable  the  trustees  to  make  it  so. 
The  necessity  for  a  library  of  defenaive 
learning  in  Westminster  at  this  time,  to 
assist  the  clergy  in  withstanding  the  ag • 
gressions  of  Romanism ,  is  obvioua.  la  tbm 
no  successor  to  Teoieon  on  the  epie* 
copal  bench  ?    The  pablio  would  aid  wil* 


Wl^ 


Miieellan§tMts  Rmfiewt* 


M» 


Ungty  if  the  clergy  themseWes  would  Uke 
up  the  matter  in  a  liberal  spirit 

The  Convict  Shipt  and  En ff land's 
Exilei*  By  John  Amott  Brovoniny^  M,  D. 
Boyal  Navy,  bih  edition^  12mo.  HamU' 
ton  and  Co,  1651.— Dr.  Browning's  efforta 
are  well  known,  and  the  fact  that  we  ha?e 
here  a  fifth  edition  of  his  work  is  evidence 
suflBcient  that  they  are  so.  In  this  volnme 
he  sets  before  as  his  experience  of  mere 
simple  Christian  teaching  upon  2,420 
eonvict  prisoners  intrusted  to  his  charge 
in  ten  voyages,  eight  from  Great  Britain 
and  two  from  Norfolk  Island  to  the  Aus< 
tralian  colonies.  The  details  are  most  in- 
Btraetive,  and  should  be  deeply  pondered 
by  all  persons  who  are  engaged  in  the  in- 
struction of  the  masses  of  our  population, 
whether  already  convict  or  only  in  the 
way  to  become  so  through  ignorance  and 
neglect. 

Philotophii  Proverbiaiei  par  Martin 
P.  Tapper,    Traduite  enPranfaisd'aprh 


la  diri^me  idition  par  Ge»rtfe  Metivier, 
Svo,  hatchard,  1851. — An  excellent  trant^ 
lation  of  a  work  too  well  known  to  need 
commendMtion.  Admirably  adapted  for  a 
French  lesson- book. 

Somnalitm  and  Psyeheism;  or,  the 
Science  of  the  Soul  and  the  Phenomena 
of  Nervation  at  revealed  by  vital  Mag- 
netiem  or  Meemerism,  considered  phpuio* 
lufficaL'y  and  philosophically  :  with  Notee 
of  Mesmeric  and  Practical  Experience, 
By  Joseph  W,  Haddock^  M,D,  80a. 
Hodton,  1851.— Dr.  Haddock  is  the  mes- 
meriser  whose  chief  experiments  have  been 
made  upon  a  girl  in  his  employ  as  a 
domestic  senmnt  named  Emma,  the  same 
who  is  thonght  to  have  aided  in  the  re- 
covery of  650/.  accidentally  mislaid  al  a 
banker*8  in  Bolton,  and  has  made  varions 
reports  of  the  condition  of  Sir  ^ohn 
Franklin.  These  cases  are  related  *'  from 
authority ''  in  the  book  before  us,  together 
with  many  other  wonderf. 


IL  .  ■!.■ 


MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Pleawrei,  Objeets,  and  Advanlayee  of 
Literature.  A  Discourse  by  the  Rev, 
Robert  Aris  Willmott,  sm.  Svo.  1851.^ 
This  is  a  book  for  a  snmmer's  day.  It 
may  be  read  any  where,  but  the  place  for 
its  especial  enjoyment  Is  a  flowery  bank 
with  a  mountain  stream  dancing  along  by 
your  side,  birds  carolling  joyously  in  the 
blue  heaven,  zephyrs  playing  around, 
and  the  world  and  its  eares  left  far  away 
in  the  dusty  over-crowded  town.  It  is  a 
classification,  after  the  manner  of  D^Israeli, 
of  anecdotes  and  pretty  sayings  relating  to 
literature  supplied  by  diligent  and  discur- 
sive reading.  They  are  related  gracefully 
and  with  poetic  feeling,  and  are  strung 
together  with  scholar-like  taste  and  clever- 
ness. No  one  ought  to  think  of  going 
out  of  town  without  taking  this  book  in 
bis  hand.  It  may  be  read  over  and  over 
again,  for  ever  and  ever,  and  will  always 
impart  some  new  delight.  The  hard 
world  disappears  from  one's  memory  as 
we  pass  along  under  the  guidance  of  the 
author,  from  picture  to  picture,  each 
calling  up  a  train  of  thought  which  leads 
one  away  from  self.  Listen  to  the  author 
only  for  a  moment  :— 

"  It  is  a  happy  feature  of  English  teach* 
ing  that  the  child  is  fed  so  largely  with 
poetic  il  fruit.  A  iQve  of  the  good  and 
the  beautiful  i«  thus  entwined  with  the 
growing  mind,  and  becomes  a  part  of  it. 
Sometimes  the  muscular  ivy  does  not  clasp 
the  oak  with  a  stronger  embrace.  A  re- 
membered verie  U  pleuiog  for  its  own 


sake,  and  for  the  associations  it  revivea. 
When  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  with  other 
English  visitors  to  the  Opera  in  Venice, 
heard  a  ballad  which  was  played  in  every 
street  of  London  before  they  left  it,  the 
tears  rushed  to  their  eyes,  and  home  with 
all  its  indearments  and  friends  rose  before 
them.  Most  affectingly  has  a  living  his- 
torian expressed  the  feeling  of  unnumbered 
hearts  :— '  They  who  have  known  what  it 
is,  when  afar  Arom  books,  in  solitude,  or 
in  travelling,  or  in  intervals  of  worldly 
eare,  to  feed  on  poetical  recollections,  to 
recall  the  sentiments  and  images  which 
retain  by  association  the  charm  that  early 
years  once  gave  them,— they  will  feel  the 
inestimable  value  of  committing  to  the 
memory,  in  the  prime  of  its  power,  what 
it  will  easily  receive,  and  indelibly  re« 
tain.' "  • 

There,  the  book  ii  all  like  that.  Go 
and  buy  it.    It  will  just  suit  yon. 

Observations  on  Heraldry.  By  Philip 
Gilbert  Hamerton.  Svo.pp.  96  —We  have, 
on  former  occasions,  remaiked  the  vio- 
lence done  to  the  term  **  heraldry'*  in 
limiting  its  meaning  to  that  department 
of  the  occupation  of  the  ancient  heralds 
which  consisted  in  the  art  of  marshalling 
and  blazoning  coat-armour.  This  accep- 
tation of  the  term  is,  however,  in  ordinary 
use,  and  is  perfectly  well  understood  by 

*  HaU^m's  Introd.  to  Ut.  Europe,  iv. 
429. 


296 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Sept. 


those  who  know  little  or  nothing  of  the 
art  itself.     **  Heraldry  **  has  always  many 
students  who  go  a  little  way  in  it  and  no 
further.      From  its  use  in  many  orna- 
mental purposes,  and  still  more  from  the 
personal  application  which  the  pupils  are 
disposed  to  make  of  its  emblems,  it  offers 
attractions  which  are  sufficient  to  render 
it  popular  to  that  limited  extent ;  and  in 
the  mastery  of  its  first  simple  elements 
there  is  no  great  difficulty,     fiut  at  that 
point  the  student  usually  stops,  for  his 
immediate  objects   are   already  satisfied. 
Mr.   Hamerton  can   scarcely  be  said  to 
have  entertained  a  higher  ambition  than 
to  write  an  elementary  book;  for  it  is  pro- 
fessedly  intended  for  beginners ;  but,  in- 
stead of  proceeding  in  the  ordinary  ar- 
rangement of  technical  rules,  exceptions, 
and  examples,  he  has  thought  to  make  his 
treatise  at  once  more  agreeable  and  more 
useful  by  casting  his  materials  into  a  series 
of  "  observations,''  which  he  has  arranged 
under  the  following  heads:  I.  The  right 
to   arms ;    2.   inheritance  of   arms ;    3. 
quarterings ;    4.  distinctions  of  honour ; 
5.  courtesy  ;  6.  the  shield  ;  7.  the  crest ; 
8.  the  motto  ;  9.  the  field  ;  10.  charges  ; 
11.  blazoning  ;  12.  differences  ;  13.  pride 
of  lineage;    14.   colleges  of  arms;    15. 
heralds;  16.  hieroglyphical  heraldry ;  17. 
religious  symbolism  ;  and  18.  knighthood. 
The  book  has  at  least  this  merit,  that, 
whilst  the  author  ventures  to  think  for 
himself,  he  will  teach  his  reader  to  do  the 
same.     His  views  of  the  historical  and 
genealogical  uses  of  armorial  blazon  are 
correct,  but  we  think  him  quite  wrong  in 
regarding  armorial  distinctions  as  entirely 
of  retrospective  value,  and  only  of  use  in 
connection  with  antiquity.     He  concludes 
with  declaring  that  bis  "  great  object  has 
been  to  shew  the  real  value  of  heraldry  in 
the  present  day,  and  to  render  it,  if  possi- 
ble, rather  an  antiquarian  pursuit  than  a 
fashionable  vehicle  of  pride.      I  see  (he 
adds)  no  objection  to  ancient  houses  still 
bearing  the  emblems  which  knightly  an- 
cestors wore  upon  their  armour ;  but  for 
a  new  family  to  adopt  or  purchase  heral- 
dic ensigns  is,  I  think,  superlative  folly." 
In  this  declaration   Mr.   Hamerton  can 
scarcely  mean  to  proffer  his  aid  to  render 
heraldry  a  pursuit  with  antiquaries :  it 
would  be  unfair  to  view  his  expressions 
as  making  so  presumptuous  or  so  gratui- 
tous an  offer.    What  he  must  intend  is 
that  he  desires  to  induce  those  who  now 
entertain  heraldry  merely  as  an  expression 
of  their  gentilitial  pretensions,  to  pursue 
it  further,  so  as  to  make  its  assistance 
available  in  their  historical  studies.     But 
Mr.  Hamerton  carries  his  argument  too 
far  when  he  would  limit  heraldry  to  its 
connection  with  genealogy  ;  and  when  be 
9 


asserts  (p.  73)  that  "  modern  heraldry  is 
simply  absurd,''  and  that  **  a  new  coat  of 
arms  is  a  mere  modern  antique,  for  which 
there  is  no  earthly  necessity."    This  is 
not  true,  because  armorial  insignia  are  m 
much  used  as  ever,  particularly  on  car- 
riages, on  seals,  on  plate,  and  on  iepiil« 
chral  monuments  ;  and  to  set  any  limits 
to  the  era  of  genuine  coat-armour,  audi 
as  the  reign  of  our  Plantagenet  kings,  or 
the  era  of  the  heralds'  visitations,  or  the 
like,  is  as  much  as  to  say  that  those  ages 
only  have  any  history  worth  caring  for. 
Coat-armour,  like  architecture,  and  other 
arts,  has  had  its  various  styles ;  and  some 
of  them  have  been  less  pure  and  less  beaa- 
tiful  than  others.     In  architecture  there 
have  been  some  optimists  who  have  been 
inclined  to  ignore  every  style  but  that 
which  they  deemed  the  most  perfect :  but 
wiser  heads  have  found  advantages  in  the 
historical  study  of  Jacobean  Gothic  and 
the  debased  classical  orders.    In  like  man- 
ner,  though  we  may  justly  censure  the 
bad  taste  of  much  modern  heraldry,  we 
cannot  deny  it  its  historical  place.    The 
industrial  coat  of  Sir  Robert  Peel,  and 
the  naval  coat  of  Earl  Nelson, — already, 
be  it  remarked,  in  each  instance,  descended 
to  a  third  generation,  are  intensely  his* 
torical.    And  so  it  is  with  hundreds  of 
others.    Therefore  Mr.  Hamerton  is  mis- 
taken when  he  views  new  heraldry  as  "  a 
modem  antique,"  like  made-up  ancient 
furniture,  or  a  fictitious  suit  of  armour. 
The  art  of  blazonry  is  not  quite  so  extinct 
as  that.     It  has  still  some  vital  breadit 
and  may  yet  revive  in  its  ancient  vigour, 
and  in  pure  taste,  as  architecture  has  done. 
In  his  views  of  the  assumption  of  arms  in 
ancient  times,  there  is  no  doubt  that  Mr. 
Hamerton  is  historically  correct.     He  re- 
marks (p.  18)  that  "  It  is  highly  probable 
that  the  majority  of  our  ancient  coats  were 
originally  arms  of  assumption.    The  au- 
thor's paternal  bearings,  as  well  as  several 
of  his  quarterings,   were    borne  by  his 
family  long  before  the  incorporation  of 
the  Heralds'  College  by  King  Richard  the 
Third. "    **  New  bearings  were  continually 
assumed.     It  was  not  until  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Fifth  that  this  system  was  ex- 
pressly discountenanced  by  the  Crown; 
that  monarch  prohibited  the  use  of  arms 
to  all  who  could  not  show  a  valid  right  to 
them,  legalizing  at  the   same   time   id! 
ensigns  used  at  Agincourt    fiut  the  royal 
proclamation  was  disregarded,  and    as- 
sumption still  continued."  (p.  26.)     Mr. 
Hamerton  further  asserts  that  ''Though 
assumption  was  usual  in  the  middle  ages, 
usurpation  has  ever  been  held  dishonour- 
able." (p.  23.)    This  does  not  exactly  de- 
scribe the  state  of  things,  whieh  may  be 
more  correctly  represented  thus:  armorial 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


297 


insignia  wero  essentially  distinctive,  and 
were  therefore  regarded  as  personal  pro- 
perty, the  honoar  of  which  the  owner  felt 
bound  to  maintain  not  only  by  his  own 
conduct,  but  by  defending  it  from  usurpa- 
tion by  others.  Such  usurpation  was  dis- 
honourable exactly  in  the  sense  in  which 
the  taking  of  another's  property  must 
always  be  so :  but  this  was  probably  never 
intentionally  done  in  the  case  of  coat- 
armour.  In  all  disputes  of  the  kind  there 
were  counter-claims  ;  an  original  identity 
not  discovered  for  some  time,  and  only 
brought  into  conflict  by  fortuitous  cir- 
cumstances. But  we  quite  agree  with  our 
author  that  usurpation,  as  it  has  been  con- 
tinually committed  since  the  heralds  lost 
their  control,  is  a  dishonourable  practice. 
It  has  generally  proceeded  upon  the  silly 
delusion  that  a  nouveau  riche  is  the  dis- 
tant offshoot  of  some  ancient  race,  rather 
than  a  vigorous  sapling  from  the  mass  of 
the  people ;  and  as  Mr.  Hamerton  has  re- 
marked (p.  13)  it  has  been  encouraged  by 
a  prevalent  error  that  arms  attach  to  a 
name,  rather  than  to  individual  families. 
If  the  assumption  of  arms  had  not  been 
so  strictly  prohibited,  old  coats  would 
have  been  less  subject  to  uturpation.  The 
College  of  Heralds  have  long  lost  the 
power  of  preventing  the  latter  practice : 
they  would  find  it  to  their  interest  to  relax 
their  (equally  futile)  prohibitions  of  the 
former,  and  on  the  contrary  to  encourage 
it.  If,  instead  of  a  very  costly  grantt  the 
College  supplied  only  a  registry  at  a 
moderate  expense,  their  business  would 
increase  perhaps  a  hundred-fold.  Parties 
would  then  be  at  liberty  to  design  and 
invent  their  own  armorial  insignia,  as  of 
old,  and  the  College  would  give  its  sanc- 
tion as  now,  with  this  legitimate  proviso, 
that  no  party  should  be  allowed  to  regis- 
ter a  coat  exactly  similar  to  any  already 
entered — unless,  indeed,  he  could  shew 
authentic  evidence  of  ancestral  title  to  it. 
Such  a  reform  in  the  policy  of  the  College 
would  surely  increase  the  professional 
business  of  its  membir^. 

We  have  fallen  upon  a  subject  on  which 
at  another  time  we  may  express  our  views 
at  greater  length ;  but  for  the  present  we 
must  conclude  with  pointing  out  two  or 
three  passages  in  which  our  essayist  is  not, 
we  think,  supported  by  substantial  au- 
thority :  I.  '*  King  Edward  the  Confessor 
is  supposed  to  have  been  the  first  English 
monarch  who  bore  arms"  (p.  16) — arms 
have  been  assigned  posthumously  to  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor  and  to  other  Anglo- 
Saxon  kings,  but  most  certainly  that  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor  never  bore  them.  2.  **  It 
was  considered  legal  for  a  yeoman  to 
adopt  and  use  the  ensigns  of  a  foreign 
gentleman  whom  he  had  killed  in  battle/' 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


(p.  19) — this  would  be  a  very  interesting 
ftict  if  true ;  but  can  the  author  give  proofii 
and  examples  ?  3.  Of  the  Heralds'  Col- 
lege it  is  said  that  *'  The  rule  of  succes- 
sion is  that  when  an  officer  dies,  the  next 
in  dignity  fills  his  place."  (p.  70.)  Such 
is  the  ordinary  and  the  equitable  practice, 
presuming  the  existence  of  honourable 
conduct  and  professional  talent ;  but  it  is 
frequently  interfered  with  by  the  family 
arrangements  or  personal  predilections  of 
the  Earl  Marshal,  whose  patronasre  we 
believe  is  uncontrolled.  4.  In  p.  74  the 
author  advocates  the  transfer  of  the 
archives  of  the  College  of  Arms  to  the 
library  of  the  British  Museum  ;  but  this 
is  not  desirable,  because  to  a  great  extent 
they  are  the  duplicates  of  the  heraldic 
manuscripts  in  the  national  collection,  and 
to  expose  them  to  the  risks  of  a  single 
place  of  deposit  would  unquestionably  be 
less  politic  than  to  keep  them  apart. 

T^e  English  in  America.  By  the  author 
of  Sam  Slick,  2  vols.  18mo.  Lond,  1851. 
— The  object  of  this  work  is  to  show  where, 
when,  and  how  the  republican  principle 
first  made  its  appearance  in  America,  and 
to  trace  its  gradual  developement  on  that 
continent,  with  some  glances  at  its  in« 
fluence  on  the  nations  of  the  Old  World. 
The  design  is  an  admirable  one;  but  the 
author,  although  a  clever  sketcher  and 
satirist,  is  far  too  full  of  provincial  or 
more  properly  of  colonial  and  party  preju- 
dices to  deal  with  an  historical  subject 
properly.  His  pen  is  too  bitter,  his  sight 
too  one-sided.  He  is  too  fond  of  delinea- 
ting the  ridiculous  to  be  able  even  to  dis- 
cover the  true.  A  little  wit  and  a  great 
deal  of  prejudice  go  a  long  way  towards 
furnishing  a  man  with  the  qualities  neces- 
sary to  enable  him  to  write  such  books  as 
those  which  Sam  Slick  has  made  popular^ 
but  such  qualities  must  be  laid  aside  when  - 
a  writer  puts  on  the  rigid  character  of  a 
truth-telling  historian.  In  the  instance 
before  us,  only  one  of  those  qualities  has 
been  laid  aside,  and,  in  our  judgment,  it  is 
the  more  pleasant,  and  not  the  more  harm- 
ful of  the  two. 


Notes  on  the  Antiquities  qf  Treves, 
MayeneCf  Wiesbaden,  Niederbieber,  Bonn, 
and  Cologne,  By  Charles  Roach  Smith, 
esq,  F,S.A.  Svo.  J,  R,  Smith,  1851 — 
Mr.  Roach  Smith  is  most  laudably  anxious 
to  promote  a  good  understanding  between 
British  and  foreign  antiquaries,  and  has 
published  these  notes  with  a  view  to  the  in- 
struction of  English  tourists  likely  to  visit 
the  interesting  places  mentioned  on  the 
title-page,  the  intention  being  to  teach 
them  what  special  objects  of  antiquity  they 
should  inquire  for  and  observe.    Oar  own 

2Q 


298 


Antiquarian  Researches* 


[Sept 


pages,  it  will  be  rememberedi  were  en- 
riched (Gent.  Mag.  for  January,  1851,  p. 
43),  with  Tarious  particulars  respecting  a 
journey  which  Mr.  Smith  made  last  year 
in  company  with  Mr.  Waller  into  these 
highly  -favoured  antiquarian  regions.  The 
same  jouroey  has  given  occasion  to  these 
further  valuable  "  Notes.' ' 

At  Treves  the  attention  of  the  inquirer 
is  specially  directed  to  the  Porta  Nigra  or 
Porta  Martis.  For  nearly  eight  centuries 
this  vast  building  was  used  as  a  church.  A 
certain  hermit  took  possession  of  it  in  the 
early  part  of  the  eleventh  century,  and 
after  his  death  it  was  altered  so  as  to  be 
made  applicable  for  service,  and  was  dedi- 
cated to  the  hermit  under  the  title  of 
St.  Simeon.  The  ecclesiastical  additions 
suffered  great  damage  in  the  wars  of  Na- 
poleon, and  in  1817  the  Prussian  govern- 
ment cleared  out  the  building,  removing 
at  the  same  time  certain  mounds  or  large 
accumulations  of  earth  which  had  gathered 
round  it.  The  building  thus  brought  to 
light  is  a  Roman  gateway,  massy  and 
towering  in  its  proportions,  and  of  a  hue 
which  may  be  inferred  from  its  name  of 
the  Schwartz  Thor  or  Black  Gate.  Its 
exact  object  has  been  very  much  doubted. 
Mr.  Smith  is  of  opinion  that  * '  it  was  con- 
stituted probably  to  serve  as  a  fortress  or 
propuynaculum  and  armoury,  while  in 
time  of  peace  its  spacious  rooms  may  have 
been  adapted  to  various  public  services." 
Mr.  Smith  attributes  it  to  about  the  third 
century  of  the  Christian  sera. 

From  this  vast  work  Mr.  Smith  leads 
us  to  the  Jgel  Sdule,  or  Pillar  at  Igel, 
about  six  miles  from  Treves,  of  which 
he  gives  an  etching  and  description. 
This  is  an  elegant  Roman  work,  perhaps 
of  the  fourth  century,  about  72  feet  in 


height,  and  tapering  upwards  gradnalbr 
from  a  width  of  15  feet  at  the  base.  It 
is  a  family  monument  erected  to  varkms 
persons  of  the  name  of  Seetmdiimt, 
thought  by  Mr.  Smith  from  the  bas-reliefs 
to  have  been  engaged  in  the  carriage  of 
merchandise  —  some  Pickfords  or  Sher- 
mans of  their  day. 

From  Igel  we  return  to  Treves,  and  aro 
taken  to  the  Palace  of  Constantine,  tlie 
Thermae,  and  the  amphitheatre,  and  finally- 
to  the  cathedral.  In  the  account  of  tfa« 
last  we  have  a  notice  of  a  mural  painting 
of  the  fifteenth  or  sixteenth  century  re- 
cently discovered  there.  It  represents 
the  Judgment  Day,  with  the  devil  blowing 
hia  horn,  and  various  attendant  demons 
dragging  off  condemned  bishops,  priests, 
and  laity. 

The  account  of  Treves  is  dosed  by 
various  Christian  inscriptions  of  a  Tery 
eariy  date  and  a  very  simple  charaoter» 
valuable  as  giving  no  sanction  to  the 
doctrine  of  prayers  for  the  dead.  The 
only  one  that  Mr.  Smith  can  directly  fix 
to  a  date  is  a  Greek  inscription  of  about 
A.D.  407. 

From  Treves  we  pass  to  Mayenoe,  the 
museum  of  which  furnishes  a  number  of 
interesting  inscriptions  of  Tarious  kindS| 
on  which  Mr.  Smith  comments  am  amore, 
Niederbieber,  Bonn,  and  Cologne  follow, 
that  is,  a  few  sensible  pares  abont  each. 

We  hope  that  manv  of  our  antiquarian 
friends  will  take  this  little  book  as  a  com- 
panion on  their  continental  trips.  Mr. 
Smith  will  shew  them  to  what  good  ac- 
count a  fortnight's  ramble  may  be  pat, 
and  how  they  may  unite  relaxation  and 
delight  with  solid  and  serviceable  instmo- 
tion. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


THE    ARCHiEOLOOICAL    INSTITUTE    OF 
GREAT    BRITAIN. 

The  annual  meeting  of  this  Institute,  for 
1851,  was  opened  in  the  city  of  Bristol  on 
Tuesday  the  2fKh  of  July.  The  members 
were  received  at  the  Guildhall  by  the  mayor 
and  civic  authorities  ;  and  John  Scandrett 
Harford,  esq.  F.R.S.  of  Blaise  Castle,  was 
introduced  as  President,  by  Lord  Talbot 
de  Maluhide,  who  has  occupied  that  office 
since  the  death  of  the  Marquess  of  North- 
ampton. Mr.  Harford  delivered  an  ex- 
cellent inaugural  address,  and  was  followed 
in  speeches  made  by  the  Chev.  Bunsen 
and  Dr.  Whewell.  A  paper  was  then  read 
which  had  been  communicated  anony- 
mously, but  which  was  understood  to  have 


been  compiled  by  Thomas  Garrard,  esq. 
the  Chamberlain  of  the  old,  and  Treasurer 
of  the  new  Corporation.  It  contained 
notices  of,  1.  the  office  of  Mayor  or  pro- 
positor  ;  2.  that  of  High  Steward  ;  3.  the 
Recorder  ;  4.  Honorary  Freemen,  indn- 
ding  the  names  of  Rodnev,  Nelson,  Col- 
lingwood,  Howe,  Hood,  Duncan,  Eldon, 
and  Wellington  ;  5.  the  City  Muniments ; 
6.  the  Seals ;  7.  the  Plate ;  and  8.  the 
Swords.  The  regalia  and  muniments  of 
the  Corporation  were  afterwards  exhibited 
to  the  company. 

The  temporary  museum  formed  at  the 
Bishop's  College  presented  as  usual  one 
of  the  most  generally  attractire  fMitnres  of 
the  week.    It  was  disposed,  utnu  pofh 


1851.]         The  ArchcBological  Institute  of  Great  Britain.  299 

sible,  in  chronological  arrangement,  com- j||;p  before  the  meeting,  at  Emscote,  Warwick- 
mendng  from  the  earliest  period,  and  pre- ^^  shire,  with   a  large  perforated  knob   of 


senting  examples  of  nearly  all  the  known 
▼estiges  of  England's   first    inhabitants. 
The  series  of  weapons  and  implements  of 
flint  and  stone  was  unusually  complete. 
Many  good  specimens  were  from  Somerset 
and  Wiltshire,  many  contributed  by  Lord 
Talbot,  with  an  extensive  collection  from 
Ireland,  and  a  series,  not  uninteresting 
for  the   purpose  of  comparison,  from  a 
distinguished  antiquary  of  Denmark,  sent 
through  Dr.  Thurnam  of  Devizes.  Several 
curious  remains  of  this  age  were  also  con- 
tributed by  the  Bristol  Philosophical  In- 
stitution, which  placed  all  their  collections 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Institute.     The  an- 
tiquities  of    the    succeeding  age,   when 
bronze  was  the  chief,  if  not   the   only, 
metal  employed,  were  still  more  extensive, 
and  presented    a  remarkable   variety   of 
forms,  shewing  great  skill  in  the  opera- 
tions of  working  in  metal.     The  Board  of 
Ordnance,  Lord  Talbot,  Mr.  Brackstone, 
Mr.  Stradling,  of  Bridgwater,  and  other 
collectors,  contributed  to  render  this  part 
of  the  museum  more  complete,  probably, 
than  any  similar  assemblage  in  England ; 
whilst  the  valuable  drawings  sent  by  the 
Royal  Irish  Academy,  and  exhibiting  the 
whole   of  their  collections,   afforded  oc- 
casion, rarely  permitted,  of  examining  the 
vestiges  of  these  obscure  times,  by  com-< 
parison  of  examples  discovered  in  various 
districts  of  the  British  islands.    The  great 
changes  produced  by  the  arrival  of  the 
Romans,  and  the  increase  of  civilization 
or  luxury,  were  next  brought  under  review, 
in   the   multiplicity  of   elegant  personal 
ornaments  or  appliances,  and  the  decora- 
tion of  dwellings  by  elaborate  mosaic  pave- 
ments, such  as  those  brought  to  light  at 
Keynsham  and  Cirencester.     Several  por- 
tions of  the  former  were  exhibited  in  the 
museum  by  the  Directors  of  the  Great 
Western  Railway ;  and  the  full-size  draw- 
ings brought  by  Professor  Buckman,  from 
Cirencester,  excited  much  attention.   The 
relics  of  the  times  of  the  Saxons  were  less 
numerous,  being  of  much  rarer  occurrence; 
but  several  ornaments  of  this  age  evinced 
the  singular  skill  of  the  goldsmiths  and 
metal  workers  of  times  of  so-called  bar- 
barism, and  suggested  traces  of  communi- 
cation both  with  the  east  and  Scandinavian 
nations.    The  President  of  Trinity  College 
produced  a  remarkable  circular  fibula,  en- 
riched with  filigree  work,  resembling  those 
found  in  Kentish  tumuli,  and  represented 
in  Douglases  Nenia.    It  was  found  early  in 
the  present  year  near  Abingdon.    Another 
highly  curious   fibula,   of  the   cruciform 
type,   ornamented   with   incrustations   of 
vitreous  paste,  was  brought  by  Mr.  Staun- 
ton.    It  had  been  found  not  many  dayg 


quartz,  a   silver   ring,   and  other   relics, 
which  will  be  deposited  in  the  museum  of 
the  Warwickshire  Archseological  Society. 
Mr.  Henry  C.  Harford,  of  Frenchay, 
contributed  several  remarkable  relics  found 
in  Somersetshire,  part  of  those  discovered 
on  the  Polden  Hills,  now  deposited  in  the 
British  Museum ;    they  are  some  of  the 
earliest  evidences  of  the  practice  of  working 
in  enamel.     Mr.  Coathupe  produced  an 
object  of  almost  unique  character,  a  collar 
of  bronze,  found  at  Wraxall,  and   once 
highly    enriched,    probably    with    gema. 
Mrs.   Phippen,  of  Badgworth  Court,  ex- 
hibited some  curious  neck  ornaments  of 
metal,  remarkable  for  the  skill  shewn  in 
their  fabrication  ;  and  several  rare  objects 
were  shewn  by  Dr.  White,  of  Slymbridge, 
Mr.  Stradling,  Mr.  Loscombe,  and  Other 
antiquaries.    Dr.  Ormerod  contributed  to 
the    series  of  Roman   remains  the  altar 
discovered   in   a  tumulus   on   Tidenham 
Chase,  near  the  banks  of  the  Severn,  east 
of  Chepstow,  at  a  spot  where  he  thinks  it 
probable  there  had  been  a  summer  camp. 
See  his  memoir,  Archseologia,  vol.  xxix. 
p.  14. 

The  Museum  was  not  deficient  in  the 
exquisite  productions  of  the  sculptor  in 
ivory  and  wood,  the  glass  painter,  the 
medallist,  and  the  enameller.  Mr.  Los- 
combe, of  Clifton,  whose  large  collect 
tion  augmented  every  department  of  the 
Museum,  contributed  some  remarkable 
carvings  in  ivory,  one  of  them  a  mirror, 
of  the  time  of  the  Edwards,  enriched  with 
subjects  of  romance.  An  engraving  of  thig 
fine  specimen  may  be  seen  in  the  ArchsBO- 
logia,  vol.  XVI.  pi.  49.  It  was  formerly 
in  the  possession  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cooke 
of  Tortworth,  who  sent  it  for  exhibition 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  through  S. 
Lysons.  Mr.  Loscombe  also  produced 
miniatures  by  Cooper,  Oliver,  and  Zinck, 
and  two  portraits,  attributed  to  Van  Eyck, 
of  Philippe  le  Bon,  Count  of  Flanderg 
1419 — 1467,  and  his  third  consort,  Isabella 
of  Portugal,  whom  he  espoused  in  1429. 
Two  fine  ivory  horns,  produced  by  Mr. 
Henry  Bush  and  Mr.  Harford  of  Frenchay 
were  much  admired;  as  were  a  beautiful 
carving  in  ivory,  the  property  of  Mr. 
Wasbrough,  one  leaf  of  a  diptych  found  in 
Cornwall;  also  a  knight,  a  chess-piece  of 
the  time  of  Edward  111.  the  property  of  tho 
Rev.  John  EUigles,  and  a  statuette  in  the 
same  material,  from  Mr.  Jere  Hill's  col- 
lection, representing  Saturn.  Mr.  Har- 
ford, of  Blaise  Castle,  sent  several  choice 
pieces  of  the  Majolica  of  Urbino  and 
other  parts  of  Italy,  and  some  fine  Italian 
medala.  Of  antique  plate  several  carious 
piecea  were  displayed.    An  oatricb's  egg, 


300 


Antiquariun  Researches, 


[Sept. 


mounted  in  silver,  often  regarded  by 
our  untravelled  forefathers  as  the  egg 
of  the  fabulous  griffin,  was  sent  by  Mr. 
Elsted,  of  Dover ;  and  near  it  were  to  be 
seen  the  brown  maple  mazer,  the  property 
of  Mr.  Cunnington  of  Devizes,  with  grey- 
beards, or  "  Bellarmine  "  jugs,  mounted 
in  silver,  and  other  relics  of  ancient  convi- 
vialities. Among  the  jewellery  and  ancient 
ornaments  of  the  rarest  kind  were  some 
of  much  historical  interest :  the  enamelled 
signet  ring  of  Mary  of  Scotland,  once  in 
the  royal  collection  ;  the  betrothal  ring 
of  Sir  Thomas  Gresham,  engraved  in  Bur- 
gon's  memoir  of  that  eminent  merchant ; 
and  the  ring  once  worn  by  the  Duchess 
of  Buckingham,  found  at  Thornbury  Cas- 
tle. Several  rare  and  curious  golden  or- 
naments were  displayed  by  Lady  Fellows  *, 
and  some  Etruscan  and  several  antique 
Irish  ornaments  of  gold  from  Mr.  Los- 
combe's  collection.  The  fine  seal  of  John 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  High  Admiral  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VL  exhibited  by  Mr.  Gar- 
rard, was  viewed  with  much  interest ;  as 
also  the  ancient  seal  of  Droitwich,  and 
other  similar  objects.  The  former  was 
engraved  for  the  Archseologia,  vol.  xviii. 
p.  434,  and  the  latter  in  the  Geutleman^s 
Magazine  for  1795,  p.  13.  Some  beautiful 
ancient  embroideries  and  productions  of 
the  needle,  family  relics,  were  contri- 
buted by  Mr.  Elsted.  Mr.  Octavius  Mor- 
gan had  arranged  his  unique  collection  of 
watches,  the  most  complete  series  ever 
formed,  illastrating  the  progress  of  the  craft 
from  the  Nuremburg  egg,  as  the  earliest 
watches  were  termed,  to  the  masterpieces 
of  modern  skill.  In  another  part  of  the 
spacious  rooms  might  be  examined  curious 
manuscripts,  with  brilliant  illuminations  ; 
ancient  documents,  connected  with  the 
History  of  Bristol  and  neighbouring  coun- 
ties, especially  some  of  much  interest 
brought  by  Mr.  W.  Salt,  especially  one 
relating  to  the  manor  of  Walton  in  Gor- 
dano,  i>omerset,  to  which  was  appended 
the  seal  of  Joan  widow  of  Sir  Edward 
Beusted,  surrounded  by  the  twisted  rush, 
which  has  been  a  subject  of  recent  dis- 
cussion in  Notes  and  Queries.  There 
was  a  collection  also  produced  by  Mr. 
Knapp,  and  other  records  of  olden  times. 
The  Rev.  William  Staunton  brought  for 
exhibition  the  unique  collection  of  matrices 
of  monastic  seals  formerly  in  the  possession 
of  Tyssen,  at  whose  sale  they  were  acquired 
by  the  late  William  Staunton,  esq.  of 
lioDgbridge,  well  known  through  his  ex- 
tensive Warwickshire  collections. 

It  has  always  been  a  special  object  of  these 
museums  to  illustrate  the  progress  of  any 
local  manufacture  from  its  earliest  origin, 
even  though  of  times  which  might  seem  too 
jrcccnt  for  the  notice  of  antiquaries.   Many 


were  gratified  to  see  in  this  coUectioii 
examples  of  the  earliest  manufactores  of 
pottery  and  porcelain  at  Bristol,  of  which, 
although  dated  only  from  the  last  cen« 
tury,  scarcely  any  precise  information  had 
been  recorded.  Miss  Smith  produced 
some  porcelain  of  considerable  beauty  of 
fabrication,  and  of  additional  local  inte- 
rest, as  being  associated  with  the  memory 
of  Burke,  by  whom  it  had  been  presented 
to  her  family.  Mr.  Taylor  sent  also  a 
variety  of  choice  pieces  of  porcelain,  with 
one,  regarded  by  many  with  special  in- 
terest, as  having  belonged  to  Colston,  the 
Bristol  philanthropist,  whose  arms  it 
bears.  Much  curiosity  was  occasioned  by 
the  production  of  several  vases  and  large 
dishes  of  earthenware,  decorated  with  glase 
of  a  remarkable  red  metallic  lustre;  this 
fabrication  had  usually  been  attributed  to 
the  northern  coast  of  Africa,  or  some  part 
of  southern  Europe,  where  a  Moorish 
influence  prevailed ;  but  it  appeared,  by 
some  fine  pieces  collected  in  this  musenin, 
that  these  c^rious  wares  were  actually 
produced  at  Brislingtqn,  near  Bristol. 

In  such  a  collection  every  illustration  of 
local  topography,  views  of  buildings,  maps, 
paintings,  &c.  necessarily  found  a  place. 
It  was  a  cause  of  general  regret  that  no 
contributions  had  been  afforded  from  die 
rich  collections  of  drawings  formed  by 
Mr.  Braikenridge,  whose  absence  from 
Bristol  was  frequently  a  subject  of  regret. 
The  display  of  drawings  was,  however, 
extensive,  and  of  much  value :  a  singular 
painting,  produced  by  Mr.  Luoell,  repre- 
sents the  High-street  of  Bristol,  with  its 
shops  and  street  signs,  the  old  Council 
House  and  High  Cross,  with  other  struc- 
tures long  since  demolished.  A  profusion 
of  drawings,  exhibiting  the  churches,  mo- 
numents, and  interesting  scenes  in  Bristol 
or  its  vicinity,  were  displayed  by  Mr. 
Tovey,  Mr.  Stockdale,  Mr.  Hansom,  Mr. 
Norton,  &c.  as  also  from  the  collections 
of  Mr.  Britton  and  the  Rev.  H.  Ella- 
combe.  Besides  the  examples  of  ancient 
arms  and  armour,  sent  by  permission  of 
the  Board  of  Ordnance  from  the  Tower 
Armory,  that  department  of  the  collection 
received  many  interesting  contributions 
from  Mr.  Paget,  Dr.  Dalton,  Mr.  Jere  Hill, 
Mr.  H.  C.  Harford,  Mr.  Loscombe,  &c. 
The  lovers  of  ancient  architecture  exa- 
mined many  curious  fragments  and  sculp- 
tured ornaments  produccMi  by  Mr.  Pope 
and  Mr.  Bindon,  and  there  were  numerous 
rubbings  from  sepulchral  brasses  in  the 
churches  of  Bristol  and  the  counties  of 
Somerset  and  Gloucester,  sent  by  Mr.  T. 
Clark  and  by  the  Somersetshire  ArebsM>- 
logical  Society. 

In  the  evening  a  conyersasiooe  took 
place  at  the  Philosophical  Inadtntioii  in 


1851.]         The  Arch€eologif:al  Institute  of  Great  Britain, 


301 


Park-street,  at  which  a  paper  was  read  by 
Edward  A.  Freeman,  esq.  of  Oaklands, 
Dursley,  on  the  illustration  and  preserva- 
tion of  ancient  monuments.  In  the  course 
of  a  long  argument,  Mr.  Freeman  main- 
tained that  every  monument  of  antiquity, 
whether  architectural  or  other,  shovdd  be 
preserved  as  much  as  possible,  but  none 
either  restored  or  renewed  ;  except  such 
as  cootinued  to  be  applied  to  some  present 
purpose  of  practical  utility.  The  castles 
of  mediieval  times  he  would  especially 
preserve  from  the  insidious  assaults  of  the 
restorer ;  and  he  instanced  the  castle  of 
Oystermoath,  in  Glamorganshire,  as  one 
where  the  illusion  of  antiquity  has  been 
destroyed.  He  discountenanced  the  re- 
newal of  the  external  features  of  churches, 
unless  absolutely  necessary  for  structural 
reasons.  And  he  afterwards  proceeded  so 
far  as  to  censure  the  removal  of  the  Elgin 
marbles  from  the  Parthenon,  and  the  As- 
syrian sculptures  from  Nineveh  ;  asserting 
that  they  ought  to  have  been  allowed,  at 
whatever  risk,  to  repose  in  their  native 
land,  while  our  curiosity  in  this  distant 
country  had  been  gratified  by  drawings  and 
models  alone. — Mr.  Hawkins  (Keeper  of 
the  Antiquities  in  the  British  Museum) 
defended  Lord  Elgin  on  the  ground  that 
he  had  dug  np  nearly  the  whole  of  the 
Parthenon  sculptures  from  the  ruins,  and 
had  removed  only  two  or  three  fragments 
from  their  original  places ;  and  Dr.  Layard, 
because,  after  the  Assyrian  sculptures  had 
been  exposed  to  the  air,  the  stone  of  which 
they  are  formed  would  have  crumbled  to 
speedy  decay  unless  they  had  been  re- 
moved.— Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide  ob- 
served that  Dr.  Layard  could  scarcely 
have  done  otherwise  than  remove  the 
sculptures  he  had  discovered  :  but  he  de- 
cidedly thought  that  the  wanton  mutila- 
tion which  had  been  committed  on  some 
of  the  Egyptian  monuments  by  cutting 
out  portions  of  their  sculptures,  was  per- 
fectly unjustifiable. 

Wednetdai/f  July  30. — Tliis  day  was 
wholly  occupied  in  a  visit  to  Wells,  which 
place  could  only  be  approached  by  crossing 
the  Mendip  hills  in  carriages.  Upon  the 
gathering  of  his  audience  in  the  Grand 
Jury  Room,  Professor  Willis  delivered  a 
lecture  on  the  architectural  history  of  the 
Cathedral  and  ecclesiastical  buildings. 
He  commenced  by  remarking  that  they 
were  distinguished  by  their  great  variety 
and  number  of  parts,  as  also  by  the  ex- 
treme beauty  of  their  sculptural  decora- 
tions. The  cloisters  (of  which  only  three 
sides  are  perfect)  occupy  a  much  larger 
space  than  usual  on  the  south  side  of  the 
church  ;  while  the  chapter-house  is  on  the 
north,  as  at  Lincoln  and  gome  other 
places.     Generally  cloisters  were   found 


confined  within  the  square  formed  by  the 
transept,   and  they  led   to  the  chapter- 
house ;  and  such  he  had  reason  to  think 
was  originally  the  case  at  Wells,  but  the 
first  chapter-house  was  converted  into  a 
chapel.     With  respect  to  the  other  eccle- 
siastical buildings — instead  of  the  see  being 
attached,  as  in  most  cases,  to  a  Benedictine 
monastery,  it  was  here  placed  in  a  church 
occupied  by  a  body  of  Canons  presided  over 
by  a  Dean,  each  of  whom  had  distinct  resi- 
dences.    The  Deanery  is  a  magnificent 
specimen  of  domestic  architecture,  built 
by  Dean  Gunthorp  in  147?.     The  canons' 
houses  were  inclosed  within  a  circuit  wall 
in  the  reign   of  Edward  I.    There  was 
also  attached  to  this  cathedral  a  body  of 
Vicars  Choral,  who  in  old  time  used  to 
reside  in  the  town  as  they  best  might,  but 
for  whom  there  was  provided  in  the  four- 
teenth century  an  oblong  court  of  houses 
or  college,  which   was  one  of  the  most 
'  charming  specimens  of  architecture,  half 
domestic  and  half  ecclesiastical,  that  could 
be  conceived.     It  had  an  entrance  gate- 
way,  a  covered    gallery    communicating 
with  the  church,  and,  at  the  upper  end  of 
the  court,  a  chapel,  refectory,  library,  and 
other  offices.      There  was  also  another 
similar   college  for  the  chantry   priests, 
which   is  now  wholly  removed ;   and  a 
house  and  school  for  the  singing  boys. 
The    episcopal     palace    remains   in    an 
unusually  original  state.     It  had  a  strong 
military   gateway,   an    immense    hall,    a 
chapel,  and  every  necessary  appurtenance. 
It  was  walled  round  with  bastions,  and 
surrounded  by  a  magnificent   moat,  the 
water  of  which  afterwards  turned  several 
neighbouring   mills.      Besides   all  these, 
there  was  formerly  a  magnificent  bam,  a 
beautiful  specimen  of  that  description  of 
architecture,  but  which  is  now  unfortu- 
nately   destroyed.     There    were    several 
gateways   to    the  precinct;    and  one  of 
them,  built  by  Bishop  Beckington,  has 
the  peculiarity  of  the  pathway  turning  at 
right  angles  beneath  it,  to  enter  the  ce- 
metery.   The  row  of  houses  to  the  north 
of  the  market-place  was  also  of  Becking- 
ton's  building,   though  they  now  retain 
little  of  their  original  features  except  some 
buttresses  and  portions  of  string-courses. 
He  proceeded  to  the  examination  of  the 
Church.     It  would  in  some  measure  tell 
its  own  story.     It  consists  of  an  early. 
English  nave,  front,  transepts,  a  portion 
of  the  choir,  which  had  been  elongated  in 
the  Decorated  style,  and  a  tower,  which 
was  also  carried  up  in  the  late  Decorated 
style,  with  a  mixture  of  the  Perpendicu- 
lar.    The  Chapter-house  is  of  the  Deco- 
rated style  ;  and  the  upper  parts  of  the 
western  towers  are  Perpendicular.     Such 
was  a  general  outline  of  the  structure, 


302 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Sept 


From  historical  record  it  is  koown  that 
the  present  church  was  commenced  dur- 
ing the  episcopate  of  Bishop  Josceline,  who 
presided  from  1206  to  1242 ;  the  earlier 
Norman  church  being  then  exceedingly 
ruinous,  according  to  the  narrative  known 
as  *'  The  History  of  the  Canon  of  Wells.'* 
He  had  recently  gleaned  some  further  dates 
from  a  perusal  of  the  records  of  the  church, 
to  which  he  had  been  admitted  by  the  Dean 
and  Chapter,  and  in  which  he  had  disco- 
vered several  particulars  not  previously 
known.  The  principal  of  these  records 
were  contained  in  three  books:  1.  the 
liber  albus,  or  great  white  book ;  2.  the 
liber  ruber,  or  red  book  ;  and  3.  another 
white  book  which  bore  no  particular  name. 
He  came  to  the  conclusion  that  Josceline 
completed  the  church  in  all  the  parts  neces- 
sary for  service,  but  did  not  touch  the  nave. 
The  choir  for  three  arches  eastward  is 
identical  in  its  masonry  with  the  transept. 
Looking  at  the  existence  of  an  early- 
English  wall  on  the  outside,  and  compar- 
ing the  character  of  the  buttresses,  he  was 
of  opinion  that  the  choir  was  originally 
square-ended,  with  an  aile  that  went  round 
it,  and  a  Lady-chapel  at  the  end.  Subse- 
quently the  choir  was  elongated.  He  had 
next  to  direct  their  attention  to  one  of  the 
most  extraordinary  points  in  the  architec- 
ture of  Wells  cathedral.  It  was  called  an 
early-English  structure ;  but  in  most  of 
our  early-English  cathedrals,  such  as  Lin- 
coln, Ely,  and  Salisbury,  there  was  a  per- 
vading resemblance  of  workmanship,  show- 
ing that  they  were  all  of  one  school  of  art, 
erected  by  masons  who  worked  together, 
and  who  only  understood  one  style.  But 
any  person  well  versed  in  those  buildings, 
on  looking  at  the  church  of  Wells,  would 
at  once  see  that  it  had  been  the  work  of  a 
different  set  of  people  altogether.  Wells 
must  certainly  have  been  begun  five  or 
ten  years  after  Lincoln,  and  yet  Wells  was 
very  little  removed  from  the  Norman  style; 
it  was  evidently  only  an  improved  Norman. 
The  early- English  style  was  originally 
French,  or  Burgundian,  as  be  had  re- 
marked at  Lincoln ;  but  here  in  Somerset- 
shire there  must  have  been  a  distinct 
school  of  masons,  who  went  on  working 
after  their  old  fashion  long  after  the  early- 
English  style  had  been  introduced  in  other 
parts  of  the  country.  When  we  came  to 
the  west  front,  it  was  found  to  be  of  the 
ordinary  style  of  early-English,  like  Salis- 
bury and  Ely  ;  from  which  he  inferred 
that  before  the  completion  of  the  building 
the  original  architect  and  his  pupils  were 
dead  and  gone.  This  was  a  curious  fact 
in  mediaeval  architecture,  inasmuch  as  it 
disturbed  the  notion  which  people  enter- 
tained that  changes  in  architectural  style 
were  simultaneous.    It  waa  not  unnatoral 


that  in  a  district  abounding  in  stone  ^ 
style  peculiar  to  itself  should  spring  up 
among  masons  who  were  always  working 
together.  The  Professor  then  proceeded 
to  explain  the  construction  of  the  central 
tower.  Its  early-English  portion  termir 
nated  shortly  above  the  roofs  of  the 
church,  being  built  no  higher  than  was 
necessary  to  receive  them.  By  hie  re- 
searches in  the  records  he  had  diisco? ered 
that  in  13 18  the  Canons  taxed  themselvei 
for  a  new  campanile  or  bell-tower  ;  and  in 
1321  the  clergy  of  the  deanery  of  Taun- 
ton transmittra  a  tenth  of  their  income  to 
put  a  roof  upon  the  same.  These  docu* 
ments  therefore  showed  the  date  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  tower.  But  not  more 
than  fifteen  years  had  elapsed  when  conro* 
cations  were  summoned  in  great  haste,  on 
account  of  some  imminent  emergencies  ; 
the  tower  had  began  to  settle,  and  cracked 
down,  as  was  not  uncommon ;  because  the 
medi»f  al  builders,  notwithstanding  all  that 
was  said  of  them,  were  the  most  rash 
and  unskilful  that  ever  were.  They  went 
on  piling  up  their  building,  mass  after 
mass,  like  the  tower  of  Babel ;  and  when 
the  building  began  to  settle,  they  bad  re- 
course to  all  kinds  of  expedientrto  bolster 
it  up.  The  learned  Professor  proceeded 
to  describe,  by  reference  to  particular  por- 
tions of  the  masonry,  that  the  tower  of 
Wells  cathedral  roust  evidently  have  set- 
tled in  this  way,  and  then  the  singular 
double  arches  were  inserted,  which,  though 
in  itself  an  excellent  piece  of  architectural 
engineering,  has  been  unjustly  lauded  as 
an  **  admirable  piece  of  foresight,'*  in- 
stead of  its  being  in  fact  the  remedy  of  a 
serious  failure.  At  the  same  time  the 
two  arches  of  the  nave  next  the  tower 
piers  were  filled  in  with  stone  to  strengthen 
the  wall,  and  the  tower  was  stiffened  by 
stone  panels  put  into  the  windows  from 
behind.  At  these  great  buildings  the  cen- 
tral tower  was  always  found  to  be  the 
weak  point ;  in  some  places,  as  at  Ely  and 
Carlisle,  it  is  known  to  have  actually 
fallen ;  at  Exeter  none  was  ever  built. 
Of  the  east  end  of  the  chnrdi,  the  pres- 
bytery, and  the  Lady-chapd,  he  had  little 
more  to  tell ;  but  he  believed  he  had  as- 
certained the  date  of  the  last  from  a  deed 
of  Bishop  Drokenesford,  dated  1326,  by 
which  he  assigned  to  one  of  the  canons 
residentiary  a  portion  of  his  garden,  ex- 
tending 200  or  300  feet  from  the  east  end 
of  St.  Mary's  chapel,  recently  completed. 
(The  same  document  mentions  a  medlar 
tree.)  The  Chapter-house  was  built,  so 
far  as  its  crypt,  in  tiie  year  1286,  and  pro- 
bably carried  up  shortly  after ;  the  south- 
western tower  was  built  by  Bishop  Haie- 
weli  in  1366-86,  and  the  north-western 
tower  finished  by  Bishop  Bnbwith  1408-84. 


1851.]         The  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain. 


308 


C.  R.  Cockerell,  esq.  R.A.  then  pro- 
ceeded to  deliver  a  lectare  on  the  scalp- 
tores  of  the  west  front  of  the  Cathedral. 
Their  quantity  is  snrprisiog.  There  were 
as  many  as  six  hundred  statues,  great  and 
small,  and  he  had  estimated  their  cost  at 
not  less  than  20,000/.  They  are  arranged 
in  nine  tiers ;  the  lowest  consisting  of  the 
early  preachers  of  the  gospel  in  this  country, 
many  of  which  are  fallen  or  removed  ;  the 
second,  a  smaller  series,  of  angels  re- 
joicing; the  third,  eighteen  subjects  in 
alto-relievo,  of  the  history  of  the  Old  and 
New  Testaments;  the  fourth  and  fifth, 
large  statues  representing  kings,  queens,  and 
princes  on  the  northern  half  of  the  front, 
and  archbishops,  bishops,  and  founders 
towards  the  south,  those  placed  in  the 
projecting  buttresses  being  seated,  and  the 
others  standing  ;  the  sixth  tier  represents 
the  general  resurrection,  in  ninety-two 
niches ;  in  the  seventh  tier  are  the  nine 
orders  of  angels  ;  in  the  eighth,  the  twelve 
apostles,  not  of  equal  art  to  the  others, 
but  still  very  fine ;  and  in  the  ninth,  the 
Almighty  seated  in  Judgment,  between 
two  niches  now  empty.  Professor  Cock- 
erell  proceeded  from  this  general  enumera- 
tion to  a  detailed  discussion  of  every  single 
statue,  and  assigned  to  each  of  them  their 
probable  names ;  appropriating  many  of 
the  kings  and  princes  to  the  Anglo-Saxon 
dynasty,  and  attributing  the  merit  of  high 
patriotic  courage  to  Bishop  Josceline  in 
thus  venturing,  under  the  Norman  rule, 
to  commemorate  the  heroes  of  the  ancient 
race.  The  Professor  admitted,  however, 
that  what  he  had  heard  from  Prof.  Willis 
of  the  later  date  of  the  front,  interfered 
with  this  theory.  He  is  about  to  publish 
a  quarto  volume  on  "  The  Iconography 
of  the  West  Front  of  Wells  Cathedral." 

The  party  afterwards  accompanied  Pro- 
fessor Willis  round  the  cathedral  and  the 
other  buildings  he  had  described.  In  the 
ruins  of  the  hall  of  the  episcopal  palace, 
which  was  built  by  Bishop  Burnell  (Lord 
Chancellor)  in  1274— -1292,  he  remarked 
that  the  roof  was  formerly  supported  by 
two  rows  of  columns,  as  described  by 
William  of  Wyrcestre;  and  it  therefore 
consisted  of  a  nave  and  ailes,  to  which 
form  our  ancestors  attached  no  sacred 
import. 

A  select  number  of  the  company  were 
entertained  at  the  Deanery,  and  others 
partook  of  a  public  ordinary  provided  at 
the  Judges'  Lodgings.  It  was  past  11 
o'clock  before  they  had  returned  to  Bristol. 

Thurtday^  July  31. — The  Historical 
Section  was  opened  in  the  theatre  of  the 
Bristol  Institution  shortly  after  ten  o'clock, 
Henry  Hallam,  esq.  in  the  chair. 

The  first  paper  read  was  an  account  of 
the  first  octavo  edition  of  Tyndale's  New 


Testament,  by  the  Rev.  James  Lee  Warner. 
The  Rev.  author  entered  fully  into  the 
literary  history  of  this  work.  It  was  long 
supposed  that  it  had  been  printed  by  End- 
hoven  at  Antwerp,  and  from  Foxe  to  Hart- 
well  Home  this  conclusion  had  been  main- 
tained in  the  face  of  many  difficulties. 
The  research  and  acumen  of  the  Rev. 
Christ.  Anderson  of  Edinburgh  had  ascer- 
tained that  Endhoven's  was  in  fact  the 
third  edition  by  Tyndale,  and  that  the 
octavo  was  previously  printed,  partly  (as 
far  as  sheet  K)  by  Quentell  at  Cologne, 
and  the  rest  by  Peter  Schoeffer  at  Worms, 
after  Tyndale  had  been  driven  from  the 
former  city.  Mr.  Warner  knew  of  only 
two  copies  of  this  book ;  one  in  an  im- 
perfect state  in  the  library  of  St.  Paul's 
cathedral,  the  other  which  he  had  now 
before  him,  and  which  belonged  to  the 
library  of  the  Baptists'  college  in  Bristol. 
— Mr.  Hawkins  stated  that  another  (im- 
perfect) copy  was  in  the  hands  of  the 
Bishop  of  Lichfield,  who  had  expressed 
his  intention  to  present  it  to  the  British 
Museum. 

His  Excellency  the  Chevalier  Bunsen 
read  the  next  paper,  the  subject  of  which  was 
the  situation  of  the  Lake  Mceris  in  Egypt, 
noticed  both  by  Herodotus  and  Strabo  : 
but  described  by  one  as  a  natural  UJce 
and  by  the  other  as  the  work  of  man.  It 
is  now  ascertained  to  have  been  one  of  the 
vastest  engineering  works  ever  accom- 
plished in  any  age  of  the  world  ;  and  in- 
tended for  the  purpose  of  artificial  irriga- 
tion. After  its  locality  and  dimensions 
have  formed  the  subject  of  a  great  variety 
of  conjectures,  it  has  been  ascertained  by 
M.  Linant  to  have  occupied  a  vast  area  in 
the  now  fertile  plain  of  Fayoum,  where  that 
gentleman  has  discovered  part  of  the  dykes 
which  inclosed  it.  Chev.  Bunsen  assigns 
the  date  of  this  work  to  a  monarch  named 
Moeris,the  successor  of  the  great  Sesostrls, 
who  was  pharoah  when  Jacob  and  the 
children  of  Israel  settled  as  shepherds  in 
the  land  of  Goshen.  This  very  interesting 
lecture  aad  the  consequent  discussion  oc- 
cupied the  period  of  this  Section ;  and  was 
followed  by  the  Section  of  ANTiatJiTiES, 
in  which  three  Papers  were  read,  I .  by  its 
President,  Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide,  Ob- 
servations on  the  Flint  Weapons  of  the 
early  Irish  people ;  and  2.  A  memoir  on 
recent  discoveries  of  Roman  Remains  at 
Cirencester,  with  observations  on  the 
chemical  analysis  of  the  beads  of  coloured 
glass  frequency  found  with  remains  of  the 
early  British  and  Roman  periods,  by  James 
Buckman,  esq.  F.L.S.,  F.G.S.,  Professor  of 
Geology  at  the  Royal  Agricultural  CollegCi 
Cirencester. 

The    Architectural  Section   met 
s       morning  in  the  Chapter-hoiue  of 


304 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Sept- 


the  Cathedral ;  and  was  opened  by  James 
H.  Markland,  esq.  F.R.S.  the  President, 
reading  an  introductory  address  on  the 
antiquities  and  historical  associations  of 
the  city.  Mr.  Godwin  then  read  some  re- 
marks on  the  topography  and  archaeology 
of  Bristol  and  its  vicinity,  by  John  Britton, 
esq.  F.S.A. ;  in  which  he  reviewed  the 
labours  of  Barrett,  Seyer,  Dallaway,  and 
other  local  historians. 

Mr.  Freeman  offered  some  remarks  upon 
the  towers  of  Somersetshire  and  Bristol, 
which  he  was  engaged  in  investigating, 
and  of  which  there  were  two  great  classes : 
St.  Cuthbert*8  at  Wells  was  a  type  of  the 
one,  and  Chewton  Mendip  of  the  other.  In 
the  tower  of  Chewton,  as  at  Taunton, 
there  was  an  accumulation  of  stages,  one 
over  another,  terminating  in  a  rich  para- 
pet, which  had  no  connection  with  any- 
thing beneath.  At  St.  Cuthbert^s  the  ar- 
rangement was  different.  Instead  of  an 
accumulation  of  stages,  they  had,  when 
they  got  above  the  church,  only  one  stage. 
There  were  two  enormous  windows  run- 
ning up  the  tower,  and  turrets  passing  up 
the  height,  out  of  which  two  pinnacles 
rose.  It  was  matter  of  taste,  but  he  con- 
sidered the  arrangement  of  St.  Cuthbert^s 
very  superior.  In  the  Somersetshire 
towers,  they  had  two  types ;  in  Bristol, 
they  had  another.  In  the  tower  of  Chew- 
ton Mendip,  there  was  an  octagon  turret 
put  near,  if  not  at  the  side,  and  brought 
up  among  the  pinnacles  in  a  very  con- 
fused way.  At  St.  Cuthbert's  the  belfry 
turret  was  not  carried  up,  but  terminated 
above  the  larger  stage  of  the  tower.  In 
Bristol,  they  found  the  octagonal  turret 
carried  up  the  whole  way,  but  not  mixed 
in  with  the  pinnacles  in  the  same  con- 
fused way.  It  was  more  boldly  carried 
out,  and  the  pinnacles  were  usually  higher 
than  the  others.  St.  Stcphen*s  stood  by 
itself.  He  would  not  give  it  a  high  class, 
but  it  was  completely  stii  generis.  The 
other  towers  in  the  neighbouring  counties 
of  Gloucester,  Wilts,  and  Dorset,  would 
be  found  with  resemblances,  particularly 
in  the  beautifully  worked  belfry  windows, 
so  common  in  the  West  of  England,  and 
so  rarely  met  with  elsewhere.  There  was 
a  tower  at  North  Petherton  which  pre- 
sented a  style  somewhat  intermediate. 
The  subject  of  the  towers  of  Somersetshire 
was  one  full  of  interest,  which  he  pro- 
posed to  investigate,  and  he  should  be 
glad  to  receive  any  historical  particulars. 
— The  Rev.  J.  M.  Traheme  said  he  had  met 
with  a  statement  in  the  books  of  a  Welsh 
antiquary,  printed  from  a  private  press, 
that  the  towers  of  Cardiff  were  built  by 
one  Hart,  a  mason,  who  built  the  tower 
of  St.  Stephen's,  Bristol.  This  was  the 
statement  of  a  Welsh  antiquary  of  the 
10 


date  1570. — Mr.  Pope  said  he  had  ex- 
amined St.  Stephen's  tower  rather  mi- 
nutely, and  was  decidedly  of  opinion  that 
it  was  erected  at  two  different  times,  the 
period  of  the  lower  stage  being  earlier 
than  that  of  the  upper. 

Mr.  John  Norton,  architect,  then  read 
a  paper  on  the  restoration  of  the  Briitul 
High  Cross.  He  had  to  state  that  the 
contract  for  the  erection  of  the  croii 
had  been  entered  into  with  a  native 
artist,  Mr.  Thomas,  for  300/.  The  steps 
(already  built  on  the  Collci|p  Green)  are 
of  Cornish  granite,  from  Penryn,  and  coat 
100/.  The  figures  were  not  yet  contracted 
for,  but  he  hoped  when  the  shell  was  op 
that  the  love  of  archteology  and  architec- 
ture awakened  would  induce  the  citizena 
to  enrich  the  vacant  niches  with  their  ap- 
propriate eflSgies. 

At  two  o'clock  divine  service  commenced 
at  St.  Mary  Redcliffe,  in  commemoration 
of  the  fourth  anniversary  of  the  Canyngea 
Society,  established  for  the  repairs  of  that 
edifice.  (See  our  Magazine  for  Aug.  1848, 
p.  183.)  A  sermon  was  preached  by  the 
Very  Rev.  Gilbert  Elliott,  D.D.  Dean  of 
Bristol.  After  which  an  historical  me- 
moir on  the  church  was  read  in  the  school- 
house  by  Greorge  Godwin,  esq.  F.R.S.  the 
architect  engaged  in  the  repairs.  (This  baa 
been  published  in  The  Builder  of  the  2d. 
Aug.)  In  the  evening  a  conjoint  dinner  of 
the  members  of  the  Institute,  and  those  of 
the  Canyuges  Society,  was  held  at  the  Vic- 
toria Rooms,  Clifton.  Mr.  Harford,  the 
president  of  both  societies,  was  in  the  chair; 
and  about  220  ladies  and  geptlemen  were 
present.  Speeches  were  made  by  the 
Bishop  of  Oxford,  Chev.  Bnnsen,  Mr. 
Hallam,  Dr.  Whewell,  Dr.  Harrington, 
Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide,  and  others. 

Friday f  August  1. — In  the  Skction  op 
Antiquities,  James  Yates,  esq.  F.R.8. 
read  a  memoir  on  the  statue  in  the  Capi- 
toline  Museum  at  Rome,  commonly  known 
as  the  Dying  Gladiator.  The  object  of 
the  paper  was  to  offer  reasons  in  favour 
of  the  retention  of  this  name  as  expressive 
of  the  real  intention  of  the  sculptor.  In 
reply  to  those  who  say  that  this  statue 
cannot  have  represented  a  gladiator,  be* 
cause  as  a  work  of  art  it  must  be  referred 
to  Greece,  and  to  a  period  long  anterior 
to  the'  introduction  of  gladiatorial  com* 
bats,  Mr.  Yates  thought  that,  at  the  time 
when  these  combats  were  meet  in  fashion, 
sculpture  also  was  still  encouraged  ana 
cultivated  in  a  very  high  degree,  more  es- 
pecially under  the  patronage  of  the  Em* 
peror  Hadrian,  and  in  those  forms,  allied 
to  portrait- painting  and  exhibiting  reel 
life,  to  which  this  statue  appears  to  be* 
long.  Assuming,  therefore,  that  notwlfth* 
standing  its  great  excellence  it  may  hare 


1851.]         The  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain, 


805 


been  made  under  the  empire,  the  author 
proceeded  to  show  that  the  attitude,  the 
expression  of  the  coiiutenance,  and  the 
various  symbols  or  accessories,  all  con- 
spire to  vindicate  the  common  and  popu- 
lar appellation.  He  showed  that  the  in- 
dividual represented  must  have  belonged 
to  one  of  those  northern  nations,  which 
were  engaged  in  long  and  strenuous  con- 
flicts with  the  Romans,  but  considered  it 
impossible  to  determine  whether  he  was  a 
Gaul,  a  Briton,  a  Frank,  a  German,  a  Ba- 
tavian,  or  a  Dacian.  He  had,  however, 
been  a  brave  soldier,  his  rank  and  merit 
being  indicated  by  his  torque ;  and,  on 
the  principle  recorded  by  the  courtly  ora- 
tor Eumenius,  in  his  panegyric  addressed 
to  the  Emperor  Constantine,  he  had  been 
selected  to  be  trained  as  a  gladiator,  be- 
cause he  was  too  patriotic  to  be  trusted 
as  a  Roman  soldier,  and  not  sufficiently 
mild  and  tractable  for  domestic  slavery. 
Mr.  Yates  then  directed  attention  to  the 
long  horn,  broken  into  two  pieces,  which 
must  have  been  meant  for  a  bronze  horn, 
and  which  lies  with  the  shield  and  broken 
sword  beneath  the  wounded  and  dying 
man.  It  was  proved  that  such  horns  were 
used  in  battle  by  many  of  the  northern 
nations.  Examples  of  them  are  preserved 
in  the  museums  of  Schwerin,  Copenhagen, 
and  Dublin.  As  therefore  the  torque  in- 
dicated the  rank  of  the  individual,  his 
horn  was  regarded  as  a  proof  that  he  had 
been  the  cornicen  of  his  native  army,  who 
gave  the  signal  for  battle,  and  for  other 
movements,  at  the  command  of  the  general. 
Octavius  Morgan,  esq.  M.P.,  F.S.A. 
read  a  short  paper  upon  the  assay  and 
year-marks  of  English  goldsmiths.  The 
principal  marks  upon  plate  are  the  royal 
mark,  the  maker's  mark,  and  the  year 
mark.  Tlie  royal  mark  has  always  been 
a  leopard*s  head.  The  maker's  mark  was 
introduced  about  the  year  1300,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  derived  from  the 
shop-signs  of  the  goldsmiths.  But  the 
most  interesting  from  its  historical  value 
is  the  annual  mark  ;  which  was  introduced 
early  in  the  1 4th  century,  to  protect  the 
people  and  crown  against  fraud,  and  con- 
sisted of  a  succession  of  alphabets  of 
various  forms,  each  embracing  a  period  of 
twenty  years ;  so  that  by  obtaining  a  table 
of  these  alphabets,  which  after  much  re- 
search he  had  been  able  to  complete  with 
one  exception,  he  \vas  able  to  determine 
the  exact  date  of  every  piece  of  plate  be 
met  with. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Gunner,  chaplain  and 
tutor  of  Winchester  College,  next  exhibited 
a  roll  of  the  household  expenses  of  Wil- 
liam of  Wykeham,  Bishop  of  Winchester, 
in  the  year  1394,  and  read  some  interest- 
ing extracts  from  it.     In  comparing  the 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


relative  value  of  money  at  that  period  and 
the  present,  Mr.  Gunner  had  adopted  the 
multiple  of  15,  which  the  President,  Mr. 
Hallam,  remarked  was  too  small,  but  he 
afterwards  agreed  with  the  opinion  ex- 
pressed by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Hunter,  that 
it  is  most  difficult  to  fix  upon  any  general 
standard,  as  it  varied  so  much  in  dif- 
ferent articles.  Mr.  Hunter  remarked 
that  Dr.  Beke,  a  former  Dean  of  Bristol, 
had  commenced  a  work  on  this  subject,  of 
which  he  printed  about  400  or  500  pages 
and  then  broke  off,  and  not  more  than 
twenty  copies  of  it  are  now  in  existence. 

Mr.  Hallam  took  the  chair  for  the  His- 
torical Section,  when  Edwin  Guest, 
esq.  M.A.,  F.R.S.  proceeded  to  deliver  a 
discourse  upon  the  conquest  of  the  West 
Saxon  kingdom.  He  commenced  by  re- 
minding his  hearers  that  he  was  guided  in 
his  researches  by  certain  lines  of  earth- 
work of  which  traces  remain  in  various 
places :  they  are  of  different  characters, 
but  when  they  consist  of  a  mound  with  a 
ditch  on  one  side,  they  may  be  regarded 
as  boundary  lines.  He  had  last  year  at 
Oxford  traced  the  boundary  lines  of  the 
Belgse  :  (see  our  report  in  Aug.  1850,  p. 
184,  and  the  substance  of  the  same  dis- 
course recently  published  in  the  Archse- 
ological  Journal  for  July,  1851.  The 
latter  also  contains  a  map,  which  will 
assist  in  the  elucidation  of  what  follows.) 
He  now  proposed  to  trace  the  progress  of 
the  conquests  of  the  Saxon  invaders  in  the 
same  territory.  Their  first  landing  under 
Cynric  took  place,  according  to  the  Saxon 
Chronicle,  in  the  year  495,  at  Cerdices 
Ora.  This  locality  Mr.  Guest  places  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Itchen  river.* 

About  six  years  after  there  was  another 
large  arrival  of  the  Saxons,  who  landed  at 
Portsmouth,  and  after  this  period  the 
whole  of  the  plain  country  about  Winches- 
ter, the  gwent  or  venta  Belgarum,  was  oc- 
cupied by  the  invaders  ;  but  the  Britons 
retained  the  fortress  of  Old  Sarum.  In 
519  the  contending  races  had  a  battle  at 

*  Was  it  not — at  no  fcreat  distance,  but 
on  the  other  side  of  the  Southampton 
Water,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Could- 
shore  (now  Calshot)  Castle,  as  it  was 
called  by  Leland,  where  there  is  still  a 
village  named  Ower  Green  ?  in  which  case 
it  would  be,  as  Brompton  says,  near  Yar- 
mouth, —  i.  e.  Yarmouth  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  (not  the  Norfolk  Yarmouth,  as 
Spelman,  Camden,  and  their  followers 
widely  mistook,)  and  at  the  very  spot  where 
there  was  a  trajeeiu*  to  the  Roman  road 
in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  See  the  late  Mr. 
Hatcher's  Account  of  Salisbury,  1834, 
p.  7  ;  and  an  article  in  our  Magazine  for 
Sept.  1843,  p.  253.~JBdl/. 

2R 


306 


Proceedings  in  ParKament 


[80pt« 


Cerdicesford,  now  Charford,  on  the  ^It- 
sbire  Avon.  Shortly  after,  in  520,  was 
made  the  great  treaty  of  the  Mods  Bado- 
nictts,  t.e.  Badbury  Rings,  in  Dorsetshire, 
not  Balh,  as  oar  old  historians  have  ima- 
gioed.  It  was  after  this  treaty,  as  Mr. 
Guest  concludes,  that  the  Grimsdike 
south  of  Salisbury  was  constructed  by  the 
Britons  as  their  boundary.  There  then 
ensued  a  period  of  comparative  peace 
for  50  years,  though  we  read  of  a  battle 
at  Cerdicesleah  *  in  527  ;  one  in  552 
at  Seorobyrig,  t.  e.  Old  Sarum  ;  and 
one  in  556  at  Beranbyrig,  t.  e.  Ban- 
bury  near  Marlborough,  not  Banbury  in 
Oxfordshire,  as  heretofore  interpreted. 
But  in  571  another  great  irruption  of  the 
English  took  place,  and  they  had  a  victory 
at  Bedicanford  or  Bedford,  by  which  they 
became  possessed  of  the  country  as  far  as 
Eynesham  in  Oxfordshire,  Bensington, 
Aylesbury,  and  Lenbury.  Six  years  after, 
in  576,  Ceaulin  obtained  another  great 
victory  at  Deorham,now  Dyrham,  in  Glou- 
cestershire, and  this  gave  him  possession, 
as  the  Saxon  Chronicle  expressly  states, 
of  tiie  three  cities  of  Gloucester,  Ciren- 
cester, and  Bath.  This  opened  to  the 
English  the  whole  of  the  vale  of  the 
Severn  as  far  as  Cank  forest,  the  ancient 
boundary  of  the  Dobuni.  In  584  another 
battle  took  place  at  Fethanleag,  a  locality 
which  it  has  been  usual  to  identify  with 
Freethorn,  near  Gloucester,  the  letter  r 
having  been  erroneously  inserted  by  Wen- 
dover,  and  retained  in  all  editions  down 


to  the  last  in  the  Monnmenta  Britanaicft. 
Mr.  Guest  has  traced  the  name  to  •  mort 
distant  locality.  The  West  Saxona  had  now 
advanced  as  far  aa  Fadeley,  near  Chatter. 
After  this  victory  they  became  lords  of 
the  country  as  far  aa  Shropahirei  thoiigli» 
after  the  lapse  of  about  aeventy  or  difitjf 
years,  much  of  the  northern  portion  oif 
their  territory  was  conquered  by  the  Mer- 
cians. Such  it  an  imperfect  outline  d 
the  historical  events  iUostrated  in  BIr. 
Guest's  discourse;  followiiig  which,  ha 
pointed  out  on  hit  map  toe  tucoettivt 
changet  of  territory  tuppoted  to  haft 
taken  place,  aupporting  them  throofboat 
by  reference  to  the  natural  and  artificial 
features  of  the  country,  and  to  nnmeroua 
names  of  places  still  existing  which  mark 
the  vicinity  of  the  boundary  linet  of  tbe 
two  races,  such  aa  Britford,  Englafield, 
Inglewood,  English  Combe,  &c.  fcc.  Mr. 
Guest's  paper  on  a  part  of  the  preteal 
subject,  the  '*  Early  English  Settlementa 
in  North  Britain,"  is  on  the  eve  of  pub- 
lication in  the  Salisbury  rolame  of  the 
Institute. 

(7b  b$  eoniinuid.) 

In  our  next  Magasine  we  propote,  be- 
sides completing  our  report  of  the  ArchtM>* 
logical  Meeting  at  Bristol,  to  give  an 
account  of  that  subsequently  held  by  the 
Archseological  Attociatlon  at  Derby,  and 
also  of  othert  that  have  recently  taken 
place  at  Tenby,  at  Leiceater,  and  in  Suttex. 


S9S 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS    IN    PARLIAMENT. 


Houta  or  LoRot. 

July  11.  Lord  Redeadale  presented 
tome  petitions  praying  for  a  restoration 
of  the  system  of  Convocation,  and  con- 
tended at  some  length  that  the  restoration 
of  convocations  might  be  productive  of 
great  benefit  both  to  the  Church  and  the 
nation. — The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
thought  the  revival  of  convocations  calcu- 
lated to  increase  rather  than  heal  the  di- 
visions in  the  Church.  From  the  time  of 
the  Revolution  down,  the  history  of  con- 
vocations presented  little  pleasant  to  re- 
member, or  wise  to  imitate.— -Lord  Lyt* 
iellon  was  of  opinion  that  the  time  wat 
was  not  ripe  for  the  revival  of  convoca- 
tions, bat  thought  that  provincial  meet- 

*  Shirley,  near  Southampton  }-^Bdii, 


ings  of  the  clergv  for  ditcutsion  and  mu* 
tual  support  might  be  useful  and  beneficial. 
The  Archbishop  of  Dublin  commented  on 
the  anomaly  which  the  Church  presented 
in  being  governed  by  a  body  of  pertont 
who  did  not  necessarily  belong  to  it.  He 
believed  that  the  arguments  were  all  la 
favour  of  convocation.  —  The  Duke  of 
Argyll  taid  it  would  be  very  difficult  to 
re-organise  the  convocation  and  still  more 
dangerous. — TheBishop  of  Xomfon  claimed 
for  the  Church  the  right  to  meet  in  con- 
vocation.— Earl  Nelson  alto  tupported  the 
restoration  of  convocation,  at  giving  a 
check  to  the  ecceotricitiet  of  private  cler* 
gymen. — ^The  Marquett  of  Lamdoume  taid 
the  revival  of  convocation  would  in  reality 
be  a  total  change  in  the  government  of 
the  Churchi  and  he  called  upon  tht  Hoate 


UAL] 


PraoeetUngs  in  ParUatnent. 


807 


(0  pause  before  introduoing  •  new  element 
into  our  eccleuaiticel  system. — The  Bishop 
of  Ojgfard  thought  that  convocation  was 
far  less  dangerous  than  the  existing  sys- 
tem. 

Jn/y  14.  The  Marquess  of  Lan$dotime 
haying  moved  the  first  reading  of  the 
Court  of  Chanchrt  and  Judicial 
Com M ITTBV  Billy  Lord  Brougham  apolo- 
gised to  the  House  for  addressing  the 
House  on  this  stage  of  the  Bill,  but  the 
state  of  his  health  was  such  that,  if  he  did 
not  speak  now,  he  should  not  have  an  op- 

Eortunity  of  doing  so  again  this  session, 
[e  approved  the  present  measure  as  a 
step,  though  not  a  stride,  in  the  right  di- 
rection.— Read  1^ 

July  15.  The  Earl  of  Derbjf  moved 
that  the  papers  laid  before  the  House 
during  the  present  and  the  last  session  of 
Parliament,  relative  to  the  granting  repre- 
sentative institutions  to  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  be  referred  to  a  Select  Com- 
mittee.—  The  motion  was  seconded  by 
Lord  LyndkurMt. — Earl  Or^y  defended 
the  policy  of  Government ;  and  the  mo- 
tion was  negatived  by  74  to  68.. 

July  17.  The  second  reading  of  the 
Oath  of  Abjuration  (Jews)  Bill  was 
moved  by  the  l^ord  Chancellor^  supported 
bv  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin  and  the 
^arl  of  CarliiUt  and  resisted  by  Lord 
WodehouiCy  the  Earl  of  Shqftetbury,  and 
others. — On  a  division  it  was  negatived 
by  144  to  108. 

House  of  Commons. 

July  15.  A  motion  by  Lord  Naa^  for 
the  House  in  Committee  to  take  intocon^ 
sideration  the  state  of  the  Milling  In* 
terbst  in  Ireland,  was  lost  by  93  to  128. 

July  17.  A  motion  by  Mr.  Bankes, 
for  an  investigation  into  the  conduct  of 
Government  touching  the  late  election 
for  Harwich,  was  carried  by  a  majority 
of  82  to  80. 

July  1%,  Mr.  Alderman  ASaibmofif  pre- 
sented himself  to  take  his  seat  for  the  bo- 
rough of  Greenwich,  and  having  taken 
the  three  oaths,  with  the  exception  of  the 
words  in  the  oath  of  abjuration,  **  on  the 
true  faith  of  a  Christian,"  was  ordered  to 
withdraw,  and  the  proceedings  in  the  case 
were  adjourned  to  the  21  sL  On  that  day 
the  Alderman  passed  the  bar,  and  took 
his  seat  on  the  ministerial  side  of  the 
House.  The  Speaker  appealed  for  sup- 
port in  ordering  the  Member  to  withdraw. 
Lord  John  Russell,  responding  to  this  ap« 
peal,  moved  a  resolution  ordering  Alder- 
man Salomons  to  withdraw  in  the  name  of 
the  House.— Mr.  Osborne  moved  that 
Alderman  Salomons,  having  taken  the 
oaths  in  the  manner  most  binding  on  his 
oontcience,  waa  entitled  to  his  seat.^— Mr. 


Ansiey  moved  the  adjournment  of  the  de- 
bate, which  was  negatived  by  192 ;  257  to 
65.  Alderman  Salomons  voted  in  this 
division,  resumed  his  seat,  and  subse- 
quently addressed  the  House.  After  se- 
veral oUvisions  the  resolution  of  Lord  John 
Russell  was  affirmed  by  230  to  80 ;  and 
Alderman  Salomons  quitted  the  House. 

House  of  Lords. 

July  21.  The  second  reading  of  the 
£CCLB8IA8TICAL  TiTLBS  Bill  was  moved 
by  the  Marquean  of  Lansdowne, — The  Earl 
of  Aberdeen  contended  that  an  hierarchy 
was  an  essential  element  in  the  ecclesiasti- 
cal organisation  of  the  Catholic  church, 
and  would  occasion  no  injury  to  the  Pro- 
testant establishment.  He  maintained 
that  the  present  measure  was  both  ineffi- 
cient and  persecuting,  and  concluded  by 
moving,  as  an  amendment,  that  the  Bill 
be  read  a  second  time  that  day  six  months. 
-^The  debate  was  adjourned  till  the  next 
day,  when  their  Lordships  divided,-— Con- 
tents, 265  ;  non-contents,  38. 

July  25.  On  the  motion  for  going  into 
Committee  on  the  same  Bill,  Lord  Mont- 
eagle  moved  that  it  be  an  instruction  to 
the  Committee  to  introduce  a  clause  ex- 
empting Ireland  from  its  operation. — This 
motion  was  negatived  by  a  majority  of  82 
to  17.-«rTheir  Lordships  then  went  into 
Committee,  when  Lord  Kinnaird  moved 
an  amendment  rejecting  the  first  clause.—- 
Their  Lordships  divided— ^For  the  amend- 
ment, 26  ;  against,  77  ;  majority,  51 ;  and 
the  clause  was  adopted. — On  clause  2,  the 
Duke  of  Argyle  moved  an  amendment 
to  omit  the  words  giving  to  common  in- 
formers the  power  of  initiating  proceedings 
under  the  Act.-~A  division  took  place — 
Contents,  26  ;  non-contents,  61  ;  ma- 
jority, 35. — The  clause  was  adopted,  as 
were  the  3rd  and  4tb  clauses  and  preamble, 
and  the  Bill  went  through  Committee. 

House  of  Commons. 

July  22.  Lord  /.  Russell  moved  that 
Alderman  Salomons  was  not  entitled 
to  vote  or  sit  in  Parliament  during  any 
debate  until  he  had  first  taken  the  oath  of 
abjuration  in  the  form  appointed  by  law. 
— Mr.  Bethell  moved,  as  an  amendment, 
that  Baron  Rothschild  and  Alderman  Sa- 
lomons, having  taken  the  oath  of  abjura- 
tion in  the  form  in  which  the  House  was 
bound  by  law  to  administer  it,  were  enti- 
tled to  take  their  seats.  This  amendment 
was  lost  by  47  ;  118  to  71 — and  the  dW^ 
bate  was  adjourned  to  the  28th. 

July  24.  Mr.  Merries  moved  an  ad- 
dress to  the  Crown,  praying  that  proper 
steps  might  be  taken  to  give  effect  to  the 
provisions  of  the  Act  for  the  repeal  of  the 
Navioation  Laws,  by  which  her  Ma- 


308 


Proceedings  in  Parliament. 


[Sept. 


jesty  was  empowered  to  adopt  towards 
any  country  that  refused  reciprocity  such 
measures  as  might  seem  calculated  to 
counterbalauce  the  disadvantages  to  which 
British  trade  and  navigation  might  be 
thereby  subjected.  After  a  long  discus- 
sion the  motion  was  withdrawn. 

July  25.  The  Attorney- General  moved 
the  second  reading  of  the  Patent  Law 
Amendment  Bill.  In  securing  a  patent, 
no  less  than  seven  successive  processes  had 
now  to  be  completed  in  the  several  offices, 
all  of  which  involved  heavy  fees,  although 
five  out  of  the  number  were  wholly  useless. 
The  cost  of  a  patent  for  England  alone  was 
94/.  6«.  even  when  unopposed,  and  if  it 
were  extended  to  Scotland  and  Ireland, 
the  expense  amounts  to  200/.  or  300/. 
By  the  Bill  now  introduced,  it  was  pro- 
posed to  cheapen  the  cost  of  a  patent,  to 
abolish  the  supererogatory  legal  proceed- 
ings, and  facilitate  the  operation  of  enrol- 
ment. The  expense  was  to  be  divided  as 
well  as  lessened.  Patents  were  to  be 
granted  for  three  years  at  a  cost  of  20/. 
with  5/.  additional  for  stamps.  At  the 
three  years*  end  the  term  would  be  ex- 
tended to  seven  years  on  a  further  pay- 
ment of  40/.  with  10/.  for  stamps ;  and 
when  this  prolonged  period  had  expired 
the  patent  could  be  continued  for  another 
seven  years,  making  fourteen  in  all,  at  an 
additional  outlay  of  80/.  with  20/.  for 
•tamps. — Read  2°, 

July  28.  The  Speaker  read  a  letter 
from  Alderman  Salomons,  stating  that 
two  actions  had  been  commenced  against 
him  for  the  recovery  of  penalties  alleged 
to  have  been  incurred  by  his  having  sat 
and  voted  in  Parliament. — Sir  B.  Hall 
moved,  that  the  prayer  be  granted  of  a 
petition  from  the  Electors  of  Greenwich, 
to  be  heard  at  the  bar  by  counsel  in 
defence  of  the  right  of  their  elected  mem- 
ber to  perform  the  functions  of  a  legislator, 
which  was  negatived  by  135  to  75. — Mr. 
Amtey  moved,  that  the  prayer  of  a  similar 
petition  from  the  electors  of  the  city  of 
London  be  granted  in  the  case  of  Baron 
Rothschild,  which  was  negatived  by  77  to 
44  ;  and  the  resolution  of  Lord  /.  Ritssefl 
was  affirmed  by  123  to  68. 

House  of  Lords. 

July  38.  The  report  of  the  committee 
on  the  Smitbi ield-market  Removal 
Bill  having  being  brought  up.  Earl  Gran- 
ville moved  the  expunction  of  the  clause 
introduced  into  the  bill  in  the  Commons, 
by  which  compensation  was  granted  to 
the  City  of  London  corporation  for  the 
loss  of  Smithfield. — Their  Lordships  di- 
vided— Contents,  59;  non-contents,  15. — 
The  clause  was  consequently  struck  out. 

Jnly  29.     The  ^Tarqufss  of  Ijontdowne 


moved  the  third  reading  of  the  EccLBSiAt- 
tical  Titles  Bill ;  which  aiter  tome  dii- 
cussion  was  agreed  to  without  a  division. 

House  of  Commons. 

July  29.  Mr.  Frewen  moved  a  resolu- 
tion declaring  that  the  Excise  Dutt  oh 
Hops  was  impolitic  and  unjust,  and  ought 
to  be  repealed  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment.  The  motion  was  seconded  by 
Mr.  Fuller. — Mr.  L,  Hodges  moved  an 
amendment  setting  forth  the  expediency  of 
accompanying  any  reduction  in  the  duty 
on  hops  home-grown,  with  a  correspond- 
ing diminution  in  the  import  duty  on  the 
article.  This  was  afterwards  wiUidrawn ; 
and  the  main  question  negatived  by  59 
to  30. 

Mr.  Heywood  moved  an  address  to 
the  Crown,  praying  her  Majesty  to  issue 
directions  that  the  Crystal  Palace 
might  be  retained  in  its  present  position 
until  the  1st  of  May  next.  Tliis  was  car- 
ried by  78  to  47. 

House  of  Lords. 

Aug.  7.  The  Commons'  amendments 
on  the  Patent  Law  Amendment  Bill 
being  brought  up  for  consideration.  Lord 
Monteagle  offered  some  opposition  to  the 
measure  in  its  new  form,  and  their  Lord- 
ships having  consented  to  disagree  with 
the  amendments  made  in  the  Lower  House, 
the  bill  was  lost. 

Aug.  8.  The  Parliament  was  prorogued 
by  the  Queen  in  person,  when  her  Ma- 
jesty read  the  following  most  gracious 
Speech : — 


<i 


My  Loans  and  Gentlemen.— I  am  glad 
to  be  able  to  release  you  from  your  attendance 
in  Parliament;  and  I  thank  you  for  the  di- 
ligence with  which  you  have  performed  your 
laborious  duties. 

*'  I  continue  to  maintain  the  most  fHendly 
relations  with  Foreign  Powers. 

"  I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  congratulate  vou 
on  the  very  considerable  diminution  which  has 
taken  place  in  the  African  and  Brasilian  Slave 
Trade.  The  exertions  of  mv  squadrons  on  the 
coasts  of  Africa  and  Brazil,  assisted  by  the 
vi9:ilance  of  the  cruisers  of  France  and  of  the 
United  States,  and  aided  by  the  co-operation 
of  the  Brazilian  Government,  have  mainly  con- 
tributed to  this  result. 

'*Gbntlkmen  of  the  House  or  Com- 
mons,—I  thank  you  for  the  readiness  with 
which  you  have  granted  the  supplies  necessary 
for  the  service  of  the  year. 

"  Mv  Lords  and  Gentlemen,— It  is  satis- 
factory to  observe  that,  notwithstandinr  very 
large  reduction  of  taxes,  the  revenue  ror  the 
past  year  considerably  exceeded  the  public 
expenditure  for  the  same  period.— I  am  re- 
joiced to  find  that  you  have  thereby  been 
enabled  to  relieve  my  people  firom  an  impost 
which  restricted  the  enjoyment  of  light  and 
air  in  their  dwellings.  I  trust  that  this  enact- 
ment, with  others  to  which  your  attention  has 
been  and  will  be  directed,  will  contribute  to 
the  health  and  comfort  of  my  subjects. 

"  I  thank  you  for  the  assiduity  with  which 
you  have  applied  yourselves  to  the  considera- 
tinn  of  a  measure  Aramed  for  the  purpose  of 


1851.] 


Foreign  News. 


309 


checking  the  nndae  assumption  of  Ecclesi- 
astical Titles  conferred  by  a  Foreign  Power. 
It  gives  me  the  highest  satisfaction  to  find 
that,  while  repelling  unfounded  claims,  yuu 
have  maintained  inviolate  the  gpreat  principles 
of  religious  liberty,  so  happily  established 
among  us. 

"  The  attention  you  have  bestowed  on  the 
administration  of  justice  in  the  courts  of  law 
and  equity  will.  I  trust,  prove  beneficial,  and 
lead  to  further  improvements. 

"  I  have  willingfv  given  my  consent  to  a  bill 
relating  to  the  administration  of  the  land 
revenues  of  the  Crown,  which  will,  I  hope, 
conduce  to  the  better  management  of  that  de- 
partment, and  at  the  same  time  tend  to  the 
promotion  of  works  of  public  utility. 


"  It  has  l>een  very  gratifying  to  me,  on  an 
occasion  which  has  bronght  manv  for^gners 
to  this  country,  to  observe  the  spirit  of  kind- 
ness and  good  will  which  so  generally  pre- 
vailed. 

*'  It  is  my  anxious  desire  to  promote  among 
nations  the  cultivation  of  all  those  arts  which 
are  fostered  by  peace,  and  which  in  their  turn 
contribute  to  maintain  the  peace  of  the  world. 

"  In  closing  the  present  session,  it  is  with 
feelings  of  gratitude  to  Almighty  God  that  I 
acknowledge  the  general  spirit  of  loyalty  and 
willing  obedience  to  the  law  which  animates 
my  people.  Such  a  spirit  is  the  best  security 
at  once  for  the  progress  and  the  stability  of 
our  free  and  happy  institutions.*' 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

On  the  19th  July  the  Assembly  pro- 
ceeded to  vote  on  the  proposition  in  favour 
of  the  revision  of  the  Constitution.  The 
total  number  of  votes  was  724.  The 
votes  in  favour  of  the  revision  were  446  ; 
against  it,  278  ;  majority  in  favour  of 
revision,  168.  Nevertheless,  the  votes 
in  favour  not  amounting  to  three-fourths 
of  the  whole,  or  543,  the  proposition 
was  pronounced  rejected.  Any  triumph 
which  the  President  may  have  felt  in  the 
actual  numbers  of  the  majority  has  been 
dashed  by  the  subsequent  proceedings  of 
the  Assembly.  A  vote  of  censure  was 
passed,  by  a  large  majority,  upon  the 
ministry  for  using  unconstitutional  means 
to  obtain  signatures  to  petitions  for  re- 
vision. In  this  majority  are  found  the 
names  of  twenty  •eight  members  who  ac- 
tually voted  for  the  revision  itself.  The 
Chambers  have  subsequently  been  pro- 
rogued to  November. 

On  the  1st  August  a  large  party  of  the 
Corporation  of  London,  and  of  the  Royal 
Commissioners  of  the  Great  Exhibition 
repaired  to  Paris  by  invitation  of  the  Pre- 
fect of  the  Seine.  They  were  entertained, 
on  the  way,  at  Boulogne,  by  the  directors 
of  the  Amiens  and  Boulogne  Railway. 
On  Saturday,  August  2,  a  magnificent 
banquet  was  given  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville 
in  Paris,  followed  by  a  comedy  and  a 
concert.  The  total  number  of  persons 
present  was  exactly  4,000.  The  Prefect  of 
the  Seine  took  his  seat  in  the  centre  of  the 
hall,  under  the  bust  of  the  President, 
having  on  bis  right  the  Pope's  Nuncio, 
and  on  his  left  the  Marquess  of  Normanby. 
At  the  centre  of  the  second  table  appointed 
to  the  Prefect  of  the  Seine,  was  seated 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London,  having  on 
his  left  M.  Lanquetin,  President  of  the 
Municipal  Council.  On  Sunday  the 
wonders  of  Versailles  and  the  grandet 


eaux  were  exhibited,  and  it  is  supposed 
that  100,000  persons  were  present.  On 
Monday,  the  Lord  Mayor  and  his  suitei 
with  the  other  distinguished  visitors,  in- 
spected some  of  the  most  remarkable 
prisons  in  Paris,  and  in  the  afternoon  left 
for  St.  Cloud,  where  they  were  met  by  the 
President.  His  Excellency  the  Marquess 
of  Normanby  presented  the  Lord  Mayor, 
Sir  John  Musg^ove,  when  the  President 
expressed  to  him  the  extreme  happiness 
he  derived  from  the  visit  of  the  chief  ma- 
gistrate of  the  city  of  London,  and  bis 
warm  sense  of  the  kind  feeling  towards 
France  manifested  by  the  English  nation. 
On  Tuesday,  a  splendid  dijeuner  was 
given  at  the  English  Embassy,  in  honour 
of  the  English  visitors ;  and  in  the  even- 
ing, a  grand  ball  took  place  at  the  Hotel 
de  Ville,  which  was  attended  by  6000  per- 
sons, among  whom  was  Lord  Gough.  On 
Wednesday  a  mimic  fight  took  place  in 
the  Champ  de  Mars ;  and  in  the  evening 
at  the  Grand  Opera,  an  operatic  enter- 
tainment was  produced  called  Let  Naiiont, 
written  expressly  in  honour  of  Great 
Britain,  by  M.  Adolphe  Adam.  It  wis 
a  tasteful  and  well-imagined  trifle,  of  two 
scenes,  the  principal  being  one  of  the 
Crystal  Palace.  Besides  the  Lord  Mayor, 
not  less  than  sixteen  aldermen  visited  the 
French  metropolis  on  this  occasion. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Terence  Bellew  M'Manus,  one  of  the 
Irish  convicts,  succeeded  in  escaping  firom 
Launceston,  Australia,  and  arrived  in 
San  Francisco  on  the  5th  of  June.  Aboat 
the  same  time  Smith  O'Brien,  O'Do- 
noghue,  and  Doherty  attempted  to  escape. 
The  sum  of  600^  had  b^n  pat  in  the 
hands  of  an  Englishman  to  purchase  a 
brig,  which  was  done.  The  Government 
officers,  however,  were  informed  of  the 
project  dttring  the  day,  and  as  soon  as  the 


810 


DofMiHo  Occurrences. 


lUfk. 


lignal  was  giTtn  tor  the  boat,  the  oon- 
Yicts  were  secured  by  the  oflloers  and 
carried  back. 

CHINA. 

The  rebellion  which  has  been  for  some 
time  prevailing  in  the  south-western  pro- 
yinoes  of  China  is  now  thought  to  be  more 
serious  than  was  supposed.  Letters  from 
Hong  ECong  of  the  23rd  of  June  announce 
that  not  only  has  the  rebellion  been 
hitherto  successful,  but  that  the  leader  has 
been  proclaimed  Emperor,  in  opposition 
to  the  Tartar  Emperor  at  Pekin  ;  that  he 
claims  all  the  attributes  and  exercises  all 


the  prerogatives  of  Imperial  aofereigiitf, 
coining  money,  appointing  ministers,  gene- 
rals, and  governors,  and,  more  important 
still,  receiving  the  allegiance  of  the  lababit* 
ants  of  various  provinces ;  that  the  insur- 
gents were  advancing  in  great  force  upon 
Canton.  The  financial  embarraisments  of 
the  Pekin  Qovernment  were  so  great  that 
the  Mantchow  Emperor  was  unable  to 
send  the  reinforcements  which  his  generala 
demanded,  or  to  pay  the  troops  whieh  he 
had  already  in  the  field.  This  appears  to 
be  a  national  movement  on  the  part  of  the 
native  Chinese  against  the  Tartar  dynasty. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


Majf  10.  Downhill  Castle,  oo.  Antrim, 
the  residence  of  Sir  Hervey  Bruce,  and 
one  of  the  finest  private  mansions  in  the 
province  of  Ulster,  was  reduced  by  fire  to 
a  pile  of  smoking  ruins.  A  great  part  of 
the  ftirniture,  statues,  &c.  was  saved,  but 
the  library  is  destroyed,  and  amongst 
other  valuable  pictures  the  '*  Boar  Hunt,*' 
by  Raffaelle.  The  magistrates  having  de- 
eided  that  the  fire  was  of  an  incendiary 
character,  the  sum  of  50,000/.  will  be 
levied  off  the  barony  of  Londonderry  as 
eompensation. 

July  9.  The  erection  of  a  new  Corn 
Exchange  at  Worktop  was  celebrated  by 
a  public  dinner,  at  which  the  Duke  of 
Newcastle,  the  Earl  of  Scarborough,  and 
other  principal  landholders  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood were  present.  It  has  been  built 
en  the  site  of  the  old  Crown  inn,  and 
adjoining  the  post-office  connected  with 
the  exchange  is  a  general  market,  and  on 
the  upper  floor  a  handsome  assembly-room. 

Aug,  8.  This  morning,  a  little  before 
4  o'clock,  the  ancient  tower  of  St.  Cuth- 
bert*8  church  at  Thetford  fell  to  the 
ground,  carrying  with  it  about  ten  feet 
of  the  roof  of  the  church,  and  wholly 
destroying  the  organ.  The  tower  had 
long  borne  a  dangerous  appearance,  and 
its  age  was  unknown.  A  buttress  which 
had  been  erected  to  check  its  failure  bore 
the  date  1618. 

The  next  day  a  brick  pier  gave  way  in 
the  church  of  St.  Martin's  at  Palace  in 
Nortoieht  carrying  with  it  one  third  of  the 
roof,  to  the  estimated  damage  of  400/. 

Aug,  20.  A  meeting  was  held  at  the 
Rotundo  in  Dubiin'*'  to  establish  a  Catholic 
Defence  Association,'*  at  which  Dr.  Cullen, 
calling  himself  **  Archbishop  of  Armagh 
and  Primate  of  all  Ireland,"  took  &e 
ehair.  Mr.  Sadleir,  M.P.  for  Carlow, 
itated  that  the  leqaisitioo  ooaftaiiig  the 


meeting  had  been  signed  by  35  prelatM, 
^l  peers  and  sons  of  peers,  10  baronetai 
33  members  of  Parliament,  150  justicea 
of  the  peace,  and  several  thousands  of  in- 
fluential clergymen  and  laymen  of  the 
United  Kingdom.  Dr.  Slattery,  the  titular 
**  Archbishop  of  Cashel,"  then  moved  the 
first  resolution  : — *'  That  we  declare  an 
Act  lately  passed  by  the  Inpeiial  Par* 
Uament,  commonly  called  the  Eooleaiastioal 
Titles  Act,  to  be  a  violation  of  the  oom- 
pact  contained  in  the  Catholio  Relief  Aot 
of  1 839i  and  subversive  of  the  great  prin- 
ciple of  religious  liberty  as  established  in 
this  empire."  Sir  P.  Mostyn,  Bart,  of 
Lancashire,  seconded  the  resolution.  Dr. 
M'Hale,  *'  Archbishop  of  Tuam,**  moved 
the  next  resolution  :-<-'*  That  we  unheal- 
tatingly  declare  that  the  present  ministers 
have  betrayed  the  cause  of  dvil  and  re- 
ligious freedom,  and  forfeited  the  con- 
fidence of  the  Catholics  of  the  United 
Kingdom."  Mr.  KeMh,  M.P.  seconded 
the  resolution.  Dr.  Gillis,  **  Bishop  of 
Edinburgh,"  moved  the  third,— **  That 
we  hereby  solemnly  pledge  ourselvea  to 
use  every  legitimate  means  within  the 
oonstitution  to  obtain  a  total  repeal  of 
that  Act,  and  every  other  statute  which 
imposes  upon  the  Catholics  of  this  empire 
any  civil  or  religious  disability  whatever, 
or  precludes  them  from  the  enjoyment  of 
their  religion.* '  One  of  the  subsequent  re- 
solutions was,—-"  That  we  cordially  tender 
the  grateful  thanks  of  this  meeting  to  the 
Duke  of  Newcastle,  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen, 
the  Lord  Monteagle,  to  Sir  Jamea  Graham, 
Mr.  Gladstone^  Mr.  Sidney  Herbert,  Mr. 
Roundell  Palmer,  and  those  other  dis- 
tinguished Protestant  members  who  so 
ably  sustained  in  the  legislature  the  canse 
of  religious  liberty.*' 

The  Dowager  Lady  Farqnhar,  Sir  Wat- 
ter  Farqohar,  and  Mr.  Uanrit  Ftffshwr 


18^1.] 


DMMttte  Oeeurtttun. 


811 


haTe  earned  •  memorial  window  to  bt 
placed  in  the  aoUon  chapel  of  Bton  to  the 
memory  of  Mr.  Farqnbar,  who  waa  edn- 
cated  at  Eton,  and  at  the  age  of  19  killed 
at  the  battle  of  AlliWal.  The  subject  of 
the  window  ii  the  story  of  King  David. 
There  are  t^e  compartmentt^^the  centre 
one  repreeents  King  Dayid,  and  in  each 
of  the  other  divisions  are  groups  of  figures 
illastrative  of  the  narrative.  Between  the 
groups  are  angels  bearing  scrolls  on  which 
scriptural  passages  are  inscribed.  The 
tracery  is  also  filled  up  with  angels  bear- 
ing similar  scrolls  and  inscriptions.  The 
detail  is  composed  of  rich  roliage,  of  the 
most  harmonious  colours.  This  oeantifiil 
window,  which  has  just  been  completed, 
was  executed  by  Mr.  Wailes,  of  New* 
castle-uTK>n*Tyne.  An  adjoining  window 
to  the  above,  subscribed  for  by  old  £to- 
niaos,  and  executed  bv  Mr.  Connor,  of 
London,  has  recently  oeen  presented  to 
the  college.  These  windows  are  at  the 
western  entraoee  to  the  chapel. 

The  fine  old  abbatial  Church  of  St. 
Mary's,  Sherborne,  has  been  again  opened 
for  divine  worship,  after  having  been 
under  repair  two  years.  It  was  on  the 
30th  Aug.  1847,  that  tiM  first  deeiilve 
step  towards  restoring  it  was  taken  in  a 
meeting  of  the  ratepayers  and  gentry  of 
the  surrounding  ncighbonrhood»  at  which 
it  was  announced  that  Earl  Digby  wonld 
double  the  other  donations  that  might  be 
given.  In  Oct.  1848,  when  the  inha- 
bitants met  to  receive  the  report  of  Mr. 
Carpenter,  the  architect,  the  required 
sum  of  ftOOO/.  had  been  subiCribed.  Mr. 
Carpenter's  estimate,  however,  involved 
an  expenditure  of  13,0001.  After  mneh 
deliberation  it  waa  agreed  to  expend  the 
subscriptions  in  the  restoration  of  the 
nave — a  work  which  the  dangerous  state 
of  the  tower,  and  the  necessity  of  at  once 
expending  a  large  sum  of  money  upon  the 
piers,  considerably  delayed.  For  some 
time  during  the  reparation  of  the  nave, 
the  east  end  of  the  chancel  was  kept  open 
for  divine  sendee,  but  fissures  began  to 
show  alarmingly  in  the  roof  of  this  part 
of  the  Church,  and  it  was  at  length  thonght 
advisable  to  screen  it  off.  Divine  service 
was  then  performed  in  the  transept,  the 
space  for  the  worshippers  growing  con- 
tinually more  and  more  circumscribed, 
until  at  length  the  dangerous  state  of  the 
tower  compelled  the  entire  eloting  of  the 
Church,  and  the  inhabitants  worshipped 
at  the  adjoining  Church  of  Castleton,  and 
in  the  town-hall.  After  an  unlooked  for 
delay,  occasioned  by  the  alarming  state  of 
the  tower,  which  has  been  trussed  up  wiUi 
an  enormous  quantity  of  timber,  the  nave 
has  at  length  been  entirely  restored,  and 
rendered  fitting  for  divine  worthip.    The 


glory  { 
whicn 


».w.  J  Of  the  Hate  b  the  great  west  wbdow. 
which  has  been  glased  with  ornameiUal 
glass  in  imitation  of  the  stained  glass  ifi 
use  at  the  period  when  the  greater  jporliOn 
of  the  present  Church  was  erected.  Tht 
subjects  are  twenty- deven  in  nnmber,  and 
are  represenutions  of  Old  Testament 
Kings  and  Prophets.  Stained  glasA  Si 
likewise  introduced  into  the  four  restored. 
Decorated,  or  middle-pointed  windows  ^ 
the  north  aisle.  Three  of  these  windows, 
of  four  lights  each,  contain  representa- 
tions of  the  Apostles,  and  the  easternmost 
window  of  the  circle  oontains  glass  de- 
piotin|  four  scenes  from  the  Gospel 
narratives.  The  sum  spent  on  the  nate 
has  been  7,000/.,  and  5,000/.  more  have 
been  expended  upon  the  centrid  part 
of  the  Church  and  the  north  and  South 
transepts.  To  this  total  amount  of  12,000/. 
already  expended,  Earl  Digby  hu  contri- 
buted 6,500/.  The  parish,  by  rate,  have 
given  2,000/.,  and  upwards  of  4,000/.  have 
been  subscribed  bv  the  public.  These 
amounts,  added  to  Mrs.  Toogood's  legacy 
of  500/.,  with  interest,  leave  a  balance  of 
about  1,000/.  to  the  credit  of  the  works. 
The  total  additional  expense  to  be  in- 
curred in  the  oofflpletion  of  the  edifice  is 
8,000/.,  leaving  about  7,000/.  more  to  be 
raised. 

A  memorial  window  to  thi  late  Dean 
Meriwether  has  Jnst  been  placed  in  the 
ctntral  one  of  the  fire  lancet  wi&dowt  at 
theeastendof  i^ffr^^hrdCs/AedEra/.  Th# 
pictorial  snbjeets  are  in  oirales  snrromtUd 
with  tracery,  and  represent  scenei  frOtt 
the  life  of  onr  Saviour,  the  upptr  one 
being  the  Last  Supper.  The  sum  already 
expended  in  improving  and  febuildiBg 
different  parts  of  this  eathedrtl  is  244(99/. 

An  Order  in  Council,  founded  on  tiit 
recommendation  of  the  Bcclfsiestioel  Go«i* 
missioners,  prorides  for  the  severance  of 
the  Vican^  of  Almondtburp  fh>m  the 
See  of  Bristol,  the  sum  to  be  granted  to 
the  Bishop  in  lieu  thereof  being  450/.  per 
annum.  It  Is  understood  that  the  Rev. 
Henry  Gray  (son  of  the  late  Bishop),  who 
has  been  Curate  of  the  parish  for  nearly 
SO  years,  will  sttceeed  to  the  lioarage 
under  this  regulation. 

The  select  committee  appointed  to  In* 
quire  into  and  report  on  the  present  stale 
of  the  Ordtumee  Swrvej^  o/SeotUmd,  and 
on  the  works  which  wiU  be  required  for 
its  completion,  have  itsoed  their  report, 
together  with  an  account  of  the  prooeed* 
ings  of  the  committee.  It  q)pears  that 
the  sum  of  750,000/.  has  been  spent  in  the 
survey  of  England,  820,000/^  in  twenty* 
two  years  on  the  survey  of  Ireland,  ezdn- 
sive  of  200/)00/.  the  eetimated  expense  of 
revising  and  contouring  the  map  of  Irt« 
land,  which  ii  now  in  progreeti  whUe  to 


312 


Promotions  and  Preferments. 


[Sept. 


Scotland  only  1  60th  of  the  whole  country 
has  been  sarveyed  and  published,  and  the 
average  annual  expenditure  in  the  survey, 
since  its  commencement  in  1849,  has  been 
only  2,418/.  The  committee  recommend 
that  the  six-inch  scale  be  abandoned ;  that 
the  system  of  contouring  be  also  aban- 
doned; that  the  survey  and  plotting  on 
the  two-inch  scale  be  proceeded  with  as 
rapidly  as  is  consistent  with  accuracy,  with 
a  view  to  the  publication  within  ten  years 
of  a  one-inch  map,  shaded  and  engraved 
in  a  manner  similar  to  the  Ordnance  one- 
inch  map  of  England,  with  as  many  ele- 
vations as  possible  given  in  figures ;  and 
that  the  survey  be  proceeded  with  steadily 
from  south  to  north,  as  was  the  original 
intention.  If  these  recommendations  are 
adopted,  a  saving  to  the  nation  of  no  less 
than  500,000/.  will  be  efifected  ;  the  com- 
mittee,  therefore,  confidently  recommend 
such  an  increase  of  the  annual  grant  as 
will  complete  the  publication  of  the  survey 
of  Scotland,  as  proposed,  within  a  period 
of  ten  years  ;  so  that  some  at  least  of  the 


present  generation  may  hope  to  live  to  see 
it  finished. 

The  Statue  of  her  Majesty,  for  which 
subscriptions  were  commenced  among  the 
citizens  of  Edinburgh  immediately  after 
the  royal  visit  last  year,  has  been  elevated 
on  its  pedestal  in  the  quadrangle  in  front 
of  Holyrood  Palace.  The  work  was  en- 
trusted to  Mr.  Handyside  Ritchie,  and 
commenced  only  four  months  ago.  The 
dignified  attitude,  the  admirable  likeness, 
and  the  just  proportions  of  the  figure,  will 
be  readily  recognised.  It  is  characterised 
by  great  simplicity,  the  regal  insignia  of 
crown  and  sceptre  being  exchanged  for  a 
diadem  and  branch  of  palm.  The  flowing 
mantle  bears  the  decoration  of  the  Scottish 
thistle.  The  pedestal  represents  the  Poor 
Seasons.  The  height  of  the  whole  is  about 
twenty  feet,  the  figure  being  9^  feet  high, 
or,  including  the  base,  which  is  a  part  of 
the  block,  and  which  the  robe  overlape 
behind,  10^  feet.  The  stone  both  of  the 
statue  and  of  the  pedestal  is  from  the  fine 
bed  of  liver  rock  in  Redhall  Quarry. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS.  &c. 


Gazette  Preferments. 

July  10.  William  Spencer  Harris  Braham, 
M.A.  Rector  of  Peldon,  Essex,  and  Minor 
Canon  of  Canterbury,  and  Martha  his  wife, 
younrer  dau.  and  coheir  expectant  of  Edward 
Martm,  esq.  of  Godmanchester,  by  Elizabeth, 
only  child  of  John  Meadows,  of  Kettering, 
Gent,  to  take  the  name  of  Meadows  instead  of 
Braham. 

July  23.  The  Earl  of  Mulgrave  to  be  Comp- 
troller of  Her  Majesty's  Household. 

July  25.  20th  Foot,  Captain  Lord  Mark  Kerr 
to  be  Major.— Royal  Ensrineers,  Lieut.-Col.  A. 
Brown  to  be  Colonel ;  Capt.  M.  Williams  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel ;  Capt.  J.  Hawkshaw  to  be 
Lieut. -Colonel. 

July  29-  Henry  Samuel  Chapman,  esq.  to 
be  Colonial  Secretary  of  Van  Diemen's  Land. 
—Thomas  Falconer,  esq.  to  be  Colonial  Secre- 
tary of  Western  Australia. 

Aug.  1.  36th  Foot,  Major-Gen.  Lord  F.  Fitz- 
clarence  to  be  Colonel. 

Aug.  5.  Richard  Gater  Roach,  esq.  to  be 
one  of  the  Corps  of  Gentlemen-at-Arms. 

Aug.  6.  Lord  Colville  of  Culross  elected  a 
Representative  Peer  of  Scotland. 

Aug.  8.  24th  Foot.  Major  C.  H.  Ellice  to  be 
Lieut.-Colonel;  Capt.  E.  Wodehouse  to  be 
Major.— 83d  Foot,  brevet  Major  H.  F.  Ainslie 
to  be  Major.— Rifle  Brigade,  Capt.  W.  II.  Brad- 
ford  to  be  Major.— Oxfordshire  Militia,  J.  H.  W. 
Jones,  esq.  to  be  Major. 

Aug.  12.  Joseph  Cuffe,  esq.  to  be  Registrar 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ceylon. 

Aug.  19.  17th  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  J.  D. 
Brett  to  be  Major. 

Aug.  20.  Coldstream  Guards,  Major  and 
brevet-Col.  H.  J.  W.  Bentinck  to  be  Lieut.- 
Colonel. 

Aug.  22.    Capt.  and  Lieut.-Col.  the  Hon.  A. 

Upton  to  be  Major  (with  the  rank  of  Colonel 

in  the  Army);    Lieut,  and  Capt.   the  Hon. 

X.  V.  Dawson  to  be  Capt.  and  Lieut.-Col.— 

11 


52d  Foot,  Major  C.  W.  Forester  to  be  Ueut. 
Col.;   Capt.   C.  J.  C.  Mills  to  be  Mi^or.— 
Brevet,  Lieut.-Col.  T.  G.  Brown,  C.B.  ou  half- 
pay  44th  Foot,  to  have  the  local  rank  of  Colonel 
at  St.  Helena. 


II.  R.  H.  Prince  Albert  to  be  jhresident  of 
the  Zoological  Society. 

J^wis  Charles  Tennyson  D*Eyncourt,  esq. 
of  the  Inner  Temple,  is  appointed  a  police 
magistrate  for  the  metropolis,  vice  Mr.  Bnr- 
rell,  of  the  Westminster  Court. 


Members  retmmed  to  serve  in  Parliament, 

Downpat rick. —Hon.  C.  S.  Hardinge. 
Zr/mmcAr.— Earl  of  Arundel  and  Surrey. 


Naval  Preferments. 

July^.  On  the  reserved  half-pav  li:»t:— 
Commanders  to  be  Captains:  Nicholas  Alex- 
ander, J.  G.  Gordon,  J.  R.  Walker,  George  Bir- 
nell,  Samuel  Wriford,  E.  H.  Delafosse,  R.  H. 
Fleming,  William  Grint,T.  L.  Robins,  Richard 
Douglas,  Thomas  Furber,  John  Pearse,  Francis 
Ormond,  John  Cornwall,  Sriencer  Smythe,  T.  P. 
Robinson,  Joseph  (3ammilleri,  John  Reeve.— 
Lieutenants  to  be  Captains :  George  William- 
son, Richard  Bastard,  John  Pickthom,  Thos. 
Jackson  (a),  Thomas  Clack,  Thomas  Archer, 
J.  W.  Crabb,  Henry  Garrett,  J.  S.  Lean,  Cbas. 
Haydon,  John  M'Gladery,  B.  B.  Addis,  Henry 
Parry,  Redmond  Moriarty,  Charles  Friena, 
H.  G.  Etough,  Henry  Lancaster,  James  Carter 
(b),  Thomas  Woods,  and  William  Lory. 

Aug.  5.  J.  G.  Phillips,  to  Retired  Captain, 
1840;  Hon.  M.  Stopford,  to  Waterloo;  Capt. 
Greville,  to  Trafalgar ;  Comm.  H.  Stewart,  to 
Virago ;  Comm.  Hon.  G.  D.  Keane,  to  Grecian ; 
Comm.  C.  F.  Hillgar,  to  Penelope. 

Aug.  8.  C.  Knight,  esq.  K.U.  to  the  rank  of 
Captain  on  the  reserved  half-pay  list. 


1851.] 


Ecclesiastical  PvBfennents — Births, 


318 


Aug.  la.  Commanders:  G.  Randolpb,  to 
Rodney ;  G.  Hancock,  to  Waterloo. 

Aug,  15.  To  be  retired  Captain,  William 
Kdnard  Hujcbes  Allen,  esq. 

Aug.  21.  Vice-Adm.  Sir  K.  H.  Brorolev,  Bart, 
to  be  Admiral  of  the  Blue ;  Rear-Adm.  Sir 
W.  A.  Montana,  G.B.,  K.C.H.  to  be  Vice-Ad- 
miral  of  the  Bine.— To  be  retired  Rear-Admi- 
ral,  Captain  G.  Brine. 


Ecclesiastical  Prefbrmrnts. 

Rev.  R.  Allen,  Keosworth  V.  Herts. 

Rev.  G.  Andrews,  Castor  R.  Northamptonsh. 

Rev.  R.  Atthill,  Canonry  in  the   Collegiate 

Church  of  Middleham. 
Rev.  H.  Aylingr.  Frampton-Cotterell  R.  Glooc. 
Rev.  W.  R.  Bain,  Flempton  R.  w.  Hengprave 

R.  Suffolk. 
Rev.  W.  Battersby,  St.  Thomas  P.C  Leeds. 
Rev.  W.  Baxter.  Fyfield  R.  Hants. 
Rev.  W.  C.  Bishop,  Upton  C.  Northamptonsh. 
Rev.  A.  N.  Bredin,  Taney  R.  Dublin. 
Rev.  T.  Clarke,  Wood-Eaton  R.  Oxfordshire. 
Rev.  D.  C.  Courtenay,  to  Glenarm,  Ireland. 
Rev.  J.  P.  Cox,  St.  £rvan  R.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  H.  d'ArcVt  Umma,  Moyrus,  and  Ballin* 

down  R.  and  V.  Tuam. 
Rev.  T.  Da  vies,  Trawsvynydd  R.  Merionethsh. 
Rev.  J.  R.  F.  Day,  Molahiffe  R.  and  V.  Ardfert. 
Rev.  P.  Dowe,  Knypersley  P.C.  Staffordshire. 
Rev.  E.  East,  Hounslow  P.C.  Middlesex. 
Rev.  M.  W.  Falloon,  St.  Bride  P.C.  Liverpool. 
Rev.  H.  Gray,  Almondsbury  V.  Gloucestersh. 
Rev.  W.  Grice,  Tothill  R.  Lincolnshire. 
Rev.  R.  S.  Grign^on  St.  John  (sub  Castro)  R. 

Lewes,  Sussex. 
Rev.  V.  G.  Guise,  Lonffhope  V.  Gloucestersh. 
Rev.  W.  R.   Hautenvdle,  Yatton-Keynall  R. 

Wilts. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Haworth,  Tunstead  P.C.  Lancash. 
Rev.  J.  Henley,  St.  Peter  P.C.  w.  St.  Gregory 

P.C.  Sudbury,  Suffolk. 
Rev.  J.  Hutchinson. St.  Bridget's  P.C.Calder- 

bridf^e.  Cumt>erland. 
Rev.  J.  James,  Headington-Quarry  P.C.  Oxf. 
Rev.  C.  J.  Lambart,  Gallen  V.  Meath. 
Rev.   H.  G.   Livius,   Keinton-Mandeville  R. 

Somerset. 
Rev.  F.  W.  Mant,  Stanford  V.  and  Tottington 

V.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  C.  Marshall,  Coalbrookdale  P.C  Salop. 
Rev.  N.  C.  Martin,  Carndonagh  R.  Derry. 
Rev.  C.  F.  Milner,  Shadwell  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  W.  Murton,  Sutton  C.  Northamptonsh. 
Rev.  A.  W.  Noel,  Cropredy  V.  Oxforashire. 
Rev.  W.  Norman,  St.  Jude  P.C.  St.  Pancras, 

Middle.sex. 
Rev.  E.  O'Brien,  Thornton  Curtis  V.  Line. 
Rev.  W.  G.  Ormsby,  Arklow  R.  and  V.  Dublin. 
Rev.  L.  Page,  Hartlepool  (new  district)  P.C. 

Durham. 
Rev.  R.  G.  Peter,  St.  Geora^e-the- Martyr  R.  w. 

St.  Mary  Magdalene  R.  Canterbury. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Pigott,  Ashwellthorpe  w.  Wrening- 

ham  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  F.  A.  Pynsent,  Bawdeswell  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  W.  Radcliff,  Prebend  of  Donaghmore, 

Dublin. 
Rev.  T.  F.  Salmon,  Bierton  V.  w.  Stoke.Man- 

deville  C,  Buckland  C,  and  Quarendon  C. 

Bucks. 
Rev.  H.  L.  Sandes,  Ballycuslane  R.  Ardfert. 
Rev.  E.  A.  Sanford,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Sketty,  Glam. 
Rev.  T.  M.  Sherwood.  St.  Philip  and  St.  James 

P.C.  Hucclecote,  Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  N.  J.  Spicer.  Bvfleet  R.  Surrey. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Stanford,  Ringcurran  R.  Cork. 
Rev.  R.  Sumner,  Brightwell  R.  Berks. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Synge,  Arranmore,  Arranbeg,  In- 

nlsmore,  and  Inniflkir  V.  Connemara. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


Rev.  W.  le  Poer  Trench,  D.D.  Aughaval  (or 
Westport)  R.  and  V.  Tuam. 

Rev.  H.  T.  Twells,  Sub- Vicar,  Stratford-upon- 
Avon.  Warwickshire. 

Rev.  J.  S.  Utterton,  Calbourn  R.  w.  Newtown 
C.  Isle  of  Wight. 

Rev.  W.  E.  Vigor,  Botus-Fleming  R.  Cornwall. 

Rev.  Alex.  Watson,  St.  Mary  Church  V.  w. 
Coffinswell,  Devon. 

Rev.  R.  Weatherell,  Elton  R.  Notts. 

Rev.  R.  Webster,  Kelioe  V.  Durham. 

Rev.  W.  Webster,  St.  Andrew  by  the  Ward- 
robe w.  St.  Anne  R.  Blackfriars,  London. 

Rev.  T.  W.  West,  Beaworthy  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  R.  T.  Wheeler,  Minster  V.  Kent. 

Rev.  J.  White,  Grayingham  R.  Lincolnshire. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Witty,  Carver-Street  P.C.  Sheffield. 

Rev.  H.  Woodward,  St.  James  P.C  Thornton, 
Yorkshire. 

Rev.  F.  Woolley,  St.  Paul  P.C  Leeds. 

To  Chaplaincies, 

Rev.  J.  J.  BaUeine  (and  Naval  Instructor)  H.M. 
ship  Centaur. 

Rev.  E.  F.  Berry,  Earl  of  Charleville. 

Rev.  R.  H.  Blakey,  Bishop  Hatfield's  Hall, 
Durham. 

Rev.  J.  T.  Boscawen,  Earl  of  Falmouth. 

Rev.  A.  T.  Crisford,  Cambridge  Borough  Gaol. 

Rev.  W.  Fitz-Gerald  (and  Secretary)  Arch- 
bishop of  Dublin. 

Rev.  G.  E.  Faulkner,  Sudbury  Union,  Suffolk. 

Rev.  J.  Leever,  Earl  of  Charleville. 

Rev.  H.  Murray,  Lunatic  Asylum,  Ck)lney 
Hatch. 

Rev.  Andrew  Watson,  H.M.  ship  Britannia. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Rev.  T.  Burbidge,  LL.D.  Principal  of  Leaming« 
ton  Ck)llege. 

Rev.  S.  P  Denning,  Censor,  Bishop  Hatfield's 
HaU,  Durham. 

Rev.  H.  Hayman,  Assistant  Master,  Charter 
House  School,  London. 

J.  Heath;  M.  A.  Vice- Provost  of  Ring's  College, 
Cambridge. 

Rev.  J.  Kitton,  Mastership,  Hutton  Grammar 
School,  Lancashire. 

Rev.  A.  P.  Moor.  Sub-Warden  of  St.  Augus- 
tine's College,  Canterbury. 

F.  W.  Ripley,  B.A.  Mastersnip,  Lymm  Gram- 
mar ScDOol,  Cheshire. 

H.  S.  Roberts,  of  Queen's  College,  Oimbridge, 
Third  Mastership.  Bristol  Grammar  School. 

Rev.  F.  A.  Vincent,  Mastership  of  Batley  Gram- 
mar School,  Yorkshire. 

R.  H.  Walsh,  LL.B.  Whateley  Professorship 
of  Political  Economy,  University  of  Dublin. 

Rev.  J.  Watson,  Mastership  (Senior  Mathema- 
tical)  Ordnance  School,  Carshalton,  Surrey. 


BIRTHS. 

Jttlu  II.  In  Chester  terrace.  Regent's  park, 
the  Hon.  Lady  Pearson,  a  dau. At  star- 
cross,  the  wife  of  Trehawke  Kekewich,  esq.  a 

son. Mrs.  Herbert,  of  Llanarth,  a  son 

and  heir. 12.    At  Ketton  hall,  Ladv  Burrh- 

ley,  a  son. 16.    At  Stoke  Hammond,  Bucks, 

Lady  Julia  Bouwens,  a  dau. 17.    At  Syston 

Court,  Glouc.  Mrs.  F.  Newton  Dickenson,  a 

dau. At  Erskine.  Lady  Blantyre.  a  son  and 

heir. At  River  hall,  Sussex,  the  wife  of 

Henry  Cauldfield  Saunders,  esq.  a  son  and 

heir. 18.    At  Compton  castle,  Somersetsh. 

Mrs.  Eveleigh  Wyndham,  a  son. The  wife 

of  George  Gataker,  esq.  a  dau. 21.    At 

Danesfield,  Bucks,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Scott  Mur- 
ray, a  dau. At  Stubbing  court,  Derb.  the 

wife  of  T.  H.  Pedley,  esq.  a  son. 23.    At  St. 

Audries,  Lady  Acland  Hood,   a  dau. At 

West  Stafford,  Dorset,  the  wife  of  John  Floyer, 

2S 


314 


Marriages. 


[Stpt 


esq.  M.P.  a  son  and  heir. At  Lang^Iey,  Backs, 

the  wife  of  John  Nash,  esq.  a  dau 25.    At 

Golden  grove,  Carmartbensh.  the  Viscountess 

Emlvn,  a  dau. 26.    At  Cumberland  street, 

London,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Spencer  Ponsonby,  a 
dau. 27.  At  Babworth  rectory.  Lady  Fran- 
ces Simpson,  a  dau. The  Baroness  Meyer 

de  Rotnschild,   a  dau. At  Abbey  house, 

Sherborne,  Lady  Kay,  wife  of  Sir  Brook  Kay, 

Bart,  a  son. 28.    At  the  Priory,  Ash  Priors, 

the  wife  of  John  Winter,  esq.  a  son  and  heir. 

30.    At  Wilton  house,  Salisbury,  the  Hon. 

Mrs.  Sidney  Herbert,  a  dau. 31.    At  Hord- 

cott  house,  the  wife  of  Alexander  Pitts  Elliott 

Powell,  e.Hq.  a  son. At  Stoneham  park,  the 

wife  of  Tlios.  Willis  Fleming^,  esq.  a  dau. 
Auff.  1.    At   Bridling^ton  Quay,  the  Hon. 

Mrs.  Cholmondeley,  a  dau. 3.    In  Gros- 

venor  place,  the  Viscountess  Eastnor,  a  dau. 

5.  At  Lewes,  Mrs.  M.  A.  Lower,  a  son. 

6.  The   Duchess  of  Buccleuch,  a  dau. 

11.   At  Montreal,  near  Sevenoaks,  Viscountess 

Holmesdale,  a  dau. At   Merstham,  Lady 

Mary  Haworth,  a  son. 12.    At  Horsham 

park,  Mrs.  H.  F.  Broadwood,  a  dan. IS.    At 

Boulogne  sur  Mer,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Kyrle 

E.  A.  Aloney,  a  son. 14.    In  South  Audley 

street.  Viscountess  Cranley,  a  dau. 15.    At 

Waresley  park,  co.  Huntin^irdon,  Lady  Caroline 

Duncombe,  a  son. In  Curzon  street.  Lady 

Catharine  Wlieble,  a  dau. 16.    In  Dublin, 

the  Marchioness  of  Kildare,  a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

^  June  5.  At  Simla,  East  Indies,  Capt.  Tuder 
Tucker,  8th  Light  Cav.  son  of  Rear-Adm. 
Tucker,  C.B.  to  Louisa,  relict  of  Capt.  Alex. 

Humfrays,  B.A. At  Kandy,  Ceylon,  Thos. 

Freckleton,  esq.  of  Great  Valley,  onlv  sur- 
viving son  of  George  Freckleton,  esq.  M.D.  of 
Cliargrove  bouse,  near  Cheltenham,  to  Cecilia, 
fifth  dau.  of  E.  S.  Waring,  esq.  late  of  the 
Ceylon  Civil  Service. 

10.  At  Reading,  Charles  Alexander  Pur- 
iriSt  esq.  Madras  Artillery,  youngest  son  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Purvis,  of  Darsham  house,  Suf- 
folk, to  Jane- Lauretta,  second  dau.  of  Capt. 

Purvis,   of  Watlington  house,  Readincr. 

At  Clapham,  William  James  Dundas  Cloete, 
esq.  second  son  of  Henry  Cloele.  esq.  LL.D. 
Recorder  of  Natal,  to  Maria  Albinia,  young- 
est dau.   of  the   late  Gen.  the    Hon.   John 

Brodrick. At  Clapham.  James    Bedford 

Allent  esq.  of  the  Hon.  East  India  Com- 
pany's Service,  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
Allen,  of  Cross  house,  Ilminster,  to  Eliza- 
betb-Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  Dr.  Young,  of  Clap- 
ham common,  and  relict  of  William  Burgess, 

esq.  M.I). At  Preston,  near  Littlehampton, 

Henry  Caitt  esq.  of  Brighton,  to  Frances- 
Jane,  eldest  dau.  of  George  Augustus  Coombe, 

esq.  of  Preston. At  Brighton,  the  Rev.  W. 

W.  Godden,  of  Worcester  college,  Oxford,  to 
Emroa-Whitbread-Juliana,   dau.   of  Charles 

Battye,   esq.    of   Brii^hton. At  Hunsdon, 

Herts,  David-Ward,  eldest  son  of  David  Bar- 
clay Chapman,  esq.  of  Roehampton,  to  Caro- 
line-Mary, youngest  dau.  of  Charles  Phellps, 

esq.  of  Briggins  park,  Herts. At  St.  Paul's, 

Heme  hill,  the  Rev.  Evan  Baillie,  M.A.  Rec- 
tor of  l^awshall,  Suffolk,  to  Louisa-Mary,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Henry  Kidd  Jones,  esq.  of 
Heme  hill. 

11.  At  Crosthwaite,  Keswick,  Augustus 
Gedge,  esq.  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Gedge, 
Rector  of  Bildeston,  Suffolk,  to  Lucy-Faken- 
ham,  fourth  dau.  of  the  Rev.  James  Lynn, 
Vicar  of  Crosthwaite,  and  granddau.  of  the 

late  Bishop  of  Carlisle. At  Portsmouth,  the 

Rev. Thomhs  Knight,  Incumbent  of  St.  Mary's, 
Portsmouth,  to  Dora,  eldest  dau.  of  G.  C. 


Stigant,  esq.  solicitor,  Fortset.— At  Bait 
Stonehouse.  Nicholas  Bowen  JUemj  eaq.  of 
Neath,  to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Ball, 
esq.  banker,  Cornwall,  and  relict  of  Capt.  Das- 

stone,  of  Mevagissey. At  Toraaay,  Geom 

Frederick  Mile*,  esq.  of  Ford  Abbey,  Dorsn- 
shire,  to  Augusta-Anna,  third  dau.  of  the  lato 

Albany  Savile,  esq.  of  Oaklands. At  St. 

Pancras,  Matthew  Lee,  esq.  of  Newcaattof 
Northumberland,  to  Sarah-Anne,  second  dao. 
of  the  late  Richard  Cunddl.  esq.  of  Kilbum 

Priory. At  Hamsey,  near  Lewes,  Sussex, 

the  Rev.  George  Halit,  Rector  of  St.  Jobn'a- 
sub  Castro,  Lewes,  to  Mary- Aon,  eldest  dan. 

of  Thomas  Whitfield,  esq.  of  Hamaey. At 

Carey,  in  the  parish  of  Culfeigtatrin,  Antrim, 
Edmund  M*iVe///,  J un.  esq.  of  Cushindan,  to 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  Alexander  Miller,  esq.  (tf 
Bally  castle,  Antrim. 

12.  At  Heavitree,  the  Rev.  H.  MUnmddi, 
late  Curate  of  St.  Petrock's,  and  son  of  the 
Rev.  H.  D.  Roundell,  Rector  of  FrinrfonL 
Oxfordshire,  to  Laura-Frances,  dan.  of  Richard 
Cornish,  esq.  of  Manston  terrace,  Heavitree* 

At  St.  George's  Hanover  aq.  Richard  PoHIt 

esq.  to  Mary,  only  sister  of  Sir  William  Molee* 

worth.   Bart.   M.P. At   Edinbari^,  Joba 

Craigie,  esq.  advocate,  to  Frances- Annabella« 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  William  MoretOB 
Moreton,  of  Moreton  ball,  Cheshire.— » At 
Harbledown,  Kent,  William  Cunninrhanie 
Bontine,  esq.  of  Ardocb,  eldest  son  of  R.  C. 
Cunntnghame  Graham^  esq.  of  Gartmore  and 
Finlayston,  to  Anne-Elixaoetb,  yooogett  daa. 
of  the  late  Adm.  the  Hon.  Charles  Elphiiiatont 

Fleeming. At  Waltbamstow,  the  Rev.  Alex. 

Grant  Hildyard,  M.A.  yoangeat  bod  of  the 
late  Rev.  William  Hildyard,  Rector  of  Wioe- 
stead,  to  Mary-Ann.  youngest  dan.  of  George 
Hildyard,  esq.  of  woolwioi  and  Hale  end.— 
At  St.  Andrew's  Holbom,  Samuel  Peed,  eaq. 
Registrar  of  King's  college,  Cambridge,  to 
Esther,  youngest  dao.  of  the  late  Jamea  Sher* 

win,  esq. At   Fulham,  Frederic  Foveanx 

Weiss,  esq.  of  Chester  terr.  Regent's  park,  to 
Mary-Elizabeth,  only  dan.  of  Tbomaa  Roe, 
esq.  of  Fulham. — At  Swanacombe,  Kent* 
Robert  Richard  Cruee/Ut,  esq.  of  Shepton  Mal- 
let, to  Henrietta-Cowiey,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  Thomas  Talboys,  esq.  of  iMughton  honaeb 

Glouc. At  Bath,  Martinus  Van  Kerkwyk 

Bowie,  Capt.  53d  Regt.  son  of  Dr.  Bowie,  M.D. 
to  Anna-Maria-Grant,  third  dau.  of  the  late 
Lieut.-Col.  George  Gregory,  and  granddau.  of 
the  late  John  Forsyth,  esq.  of  Montreal. 

IS.  At  Clandown,  the  Rev.  Charles  Wtck- 
ham,  M.A.  youngest  son  of  James  Wickham, 
esq.  of  Sutton  Scotnev,  Hants,  to  Clara  de 
Havilland,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Aug.  Dobree, 

esq.   of  Ronceval,  Guernsey. At   Piddle- 

treiithide,  Dorset,  the  Rev.  Philip  Vyvyan 
Robinson,  Rector  of  Landewednack,  Cornwall, 
to  Augusta- Baker,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Hugh  Norris,  esq.  of  Taunton. 

14.  At  Manchester,  Arthur  Onslow  L.  LewU, 
esq.  R.M.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Robert 
Lewis,  es(i.  R.N.  of  Brighton,  and  grandaon 
of  the  late  Adm.  Sir  Richard  Onslow,  Bart. 
G.C.B.  to  Helen,  eldest  dau.  of  Richard  An- 
drews, esq. At  Paddington,  John  G.  Call- 

lef/,  esq.  son  of  John  Cattley,  esq.  of  Liona- 
down,  Herts,  to  Hannah -»Dphta,  younger 
dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Monier  Williama, 

E.I.C.S. At  St.  James's.   Mi(|or  Aldriek, 

R.  Eng.  to  Lucy,  only  child  of  the  late  William 
Parker,  esq.  of  Salford,  Warw.  and  of  Mn. 
Campbell   Majoribanks,  Upper  Wimpolc  at. 

At  Thornbury.  Gloucestershire,  Joahoa 

Painter,  esq.  of  Pembroke,  to  Mary-Sophia. 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomaa  Woods,  or 
Upton  castle,  Pembrokeshire,  and  widow  of 
the  Rev.  James  R.  Holcombe,  rormerlv  Fellow 
of  Jeaui  college,  Oxford.— At  Iptwich,  the 


1851.] 


Marriages. 


315 


Rev.  J.  Sydney  Bouehert  Chaplain  and  Assis- 
tant Master  in  the  North  London  Collcj^iate 
School,  to  Caroline,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Mason. 

16.  At  Willesborough,  Kent,  Sladden  Gard- 
ner, esq.  of  New  Romney,  to  Jane-Clarke,  dau. 
of  John  Waterman,  Comm.  RN. At  Pem- 
broke Dock,  Walter  S.  Stace,  esq.  Lieut. 
R.  Engf.  young:est  son  of  the  late  William 
Stace,  esq.  Chief  Commissary  of  the  Ordnance, 
to  Jane-Matilda,  eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  SirThos. 

S.  Pasley,  Bart.  R.N. At  Witney,  the  Rev. 

Samuel  J.  Jerram,  M.A.  son  of  the  Rev.  C. 
Jerram,  A.M.  Rector  of  Witney,  to  Grace,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Hunt,  esq.  of  Water- 
ford. 

17.  At  Brig^hton,  Augustus  F.  Leeds,  esq. 
son  of  the  late  Sir  Geor^re  Leeds,  Bart,  of 
Croxton  park,  Cambridg:eshire,  to  Anna-Maria- 
Frances,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Savare,  of 
Sussex  sq.  Brighton,  and  niece  to  Sir  James 

Brooke. The  Rev.  R.  F.  W.  MoUsteorth, 

M.A.  to  Eleanor-Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
John  Hilton,  of.Sarre court,  Kent.— ^At  Bamp- 
ton,  Oxfordshire,  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Newman, 
M.A.  Master  of  Tavistock  School,  to  Catherine- 
Sarah,  fifth  dau.  of  Frederick  Whitaker,  esq.  of 

Bampton. At  Oxford,  Rev.  Villiers  Cher- 

nocke  Smithy  Fellow  of  New  college,  Oxford, 
to  Constance-Cardine,  voungest  dau.  of  the 

late  —  Holloway,  esq.  of  Charlbury. At  St. 

Stephen-the-Martyr  Marylebone,  the  Rev.  John 
Green,  M.A.  Rector  of  Little  Leighs,  Essex, 
to  Margaretta,  second  surviving  dau.  of  the 
late  Wm.  Sanders  Robinson,  esq.  of  Croydon. 

18.  At  St.  James's,  James  Murray  Grant, 
esq.  E.I.C.S.  youngest  son  of  James  Murray 
Grant,  esq.  of  Glenmoriston.  Inverness-shire, 
to  Helen,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  D.  O. 

Cameron,  esq.  of  Barcaldine. At  Trinity 

Ohurch  Marylebone,  William-Henry,  only  son 
of  the  Rev.  George  Wrap,  Canon  of  York,  to 
Mary,  dau.  of  C  H.  Ellis,  esq.  of  Wyddial 

hall,  Herts. At  St.  George's  Bloomsbury, 

John  Thurnam,  M.D.  of  Devizes,  and  late  of 
the  Retreat,  near  York,  to  Frances-Elizabeth, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Matthew  Wyatt,  esq. 

At  St.  James's  Piccadilly,  William  Henry 

Scott,  esq.  of  Wimpole  st.  to  Eliza,  only  child 

of  John  Goodman,  esq.  of  Waterloo  place. 

At  All  Saints'  Gordon  sq.  the  Rev.  John  Edw. 
Sabin,  B.A.  Incumbent  of  Bracknell,  Berks, 
to  Eliza-Emily,  second  dau.  of  Joseph  Browne, 

esq.  of  University  street. At  Sunderland, 

the  Rev.  Thomas  Taylor,  B.A.  Incumbent  of 
Thurgoland,  and  second  son  of  Thomas  Tay- 
lor, esq.  of  Middlewood  hall,  near  Barnsley, 
to  Louiaa-Frances,  third  dau.  of  J.  W.  Colling. 

wood,  esq. At  Bicester,  the  Rev.  Samuel 

Trueman,  M.A.  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge, 
of  Trimingham,  Norfolk,  to  Eleanor,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  William  Hitchman,  of 
Oxford. 

19-  At  Paris,  James  Harris,  eso.  Stipen- 
diary Magistrate  of  St.  Kitt's,  to  Mary-Au- 
gusta, eldest  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Hart,  esq.  the 

Colonial  Treasurer. At   Derby,   the    Rev. 

Nicholas  Germon,}wu.  M.A.  of  Hulme,  eldest 
son  of  the  late  R.  M.  Germon*,  esq.  of  Leigh, 
to  Ellen,  youngest  dau.  of  John  Egerton  Killer, 

esq. Ai  Weybridge,    Henry  Stevens,  esq. 

youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Mr.  Stevens, 
Rector  of  Poringland  Magna,  Norf.  toJuliana- 
Dickson,  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Kendall,  esq. 

of  Bast  Moulsey  lodge. At  Great  Torring- 

ton,  the  Rev.  John  C.  K.  Saunders,  Curate  of 
Witherwick,  Yorkshire,  to  Eliza,  second  dau. 
of  W.C.  Hunt,  esq.  of  Week,  Great  Torrington. 

At  St.  James's,  Major  Herring,  of  the 

Hon.  E.IC.S.  to  Grace,  second  dau.  or  the  late 
Richard  Holditch,  esq.  formerly  of  Dart  Bridge 

House. At  Reading,  the  Rev.  William  Bor- 

man  Jacob,  M.A,  of^Calne,  Wilts,  to  Mary, 


only  dau.  of  W.  Hewett,  esa. At  Bishops- 
bourne,  Kent,  Alexander  w.  Gordon,  esq. 
Capt.  61st  Regt.  to  Mary- Elizabeth,  eldest  daa. 
of  T.  A.  Whitney,  esq.  of  Merton,co.  Wexford. 

At  Preston,  Lane,  the  Rev.  John  Francis 

Israel  Herschell,  SC.L.  Chaplain  of  the  Glou- 
cester County  Gaol,  to  Margaret,  eldest  dau. 

of  G.    Smith,   esq. At   Montrose,   Major 

Renny,  81st  Regt.  youngest  son  of  the  late  A.  R. 
Tailyour,  esq.  of  Borrowfield,  to  Eleanor- Anne, 
eldest  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  R.  R.  Hep- 
bum,   esq.   of  Rickarton. At  Tardebigg, 

Ludford  Docker,  esq.  of  Leigh,  Kent,  to  Sarah- 
Fairbrother,  eldest  dau.  of  Joseph  Holyoake, 

esq.  of  Redditch. At  St.  Mary's  Bryanston 

square,  Capt.  Fred.  Eardley-TFi/mof,  R.A.  to 
Fanny- Augusta,  dau.  of  the  late  G.J.  Penning- 
ton, esq.  of  Cumberland  st. At  Woolwich, 

Lieut.  Henry  Y.  D.  Scott,  Royal  Eng.  to  Ellen- 
Selina,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen. 

Fred.  Bowes,  E  I.C.S. At  Ickenham,  Middx. 

Comm.  Thomas  Cochran,  R.N.  son  of  the  late 
Arch.  Cochran,  esq.  of  Ashkirk,  Roxburgh,  to 
Louisa-Jane-Selina,  eldest  dau.  of  T.  T.  Clarke, 
esq.  of  Swakeleys. 

20.  At  St.  John's  Upper  Holloway,  George 
l^agp,  esq.  of  Carlton  hill,  St.  John's  wood,  to 
Frances,  eldest  daa.  of  R.W.SIevier,  esq.  F.R.S. 

31.  At  St.  Peter's,  Derby,  the  Rev.  William 
Clayton  Greene,  M.A.  of  Liverpool,  to  Ellen, 

dau.  of  Allen  Mason,  esq. At  St.  Margaret's 

Westminster,  James-Taddy,  son  of  Thomas 
Blackburn,  esq.  of  Northdown  hall,  Thanet,  to 
Sarah,  second  dau.  of  Lebbens  Charles  Hum- 

frey,   esq.   Q.C. At    Isleworth,    Francis, 

youngest  son  of  Lovell  Byast,  esq.  of  Cuckfield, 
to  Lucy,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Ronalds, 
of  Primrose  hill  house,  Warw. At  High- 
bury, James  Alexander,  s«n  of  George  Had' 
den,  esq.  of  Highbury  terrace,  to  Christiana- 
Georgiana,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Joseph 
Browne,  esq.  of  Padworth,  Berks. 

23.  At  Trinity  Church,  New  road,  Augustni 
Panting  Loinsworth,  of  Barbados,  eldest  son 
of  the  late  A.  L.  Loinsworth,  esq.  M.D.  Sur- 
geon to  the  Forces,  to  Augusta,  youngest  daa. 
of  the  late  Thomas  Titt,  esq.  of  Brighton. 

2*.  At  Henbury,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Aug. 
Beaufort,  M.A.  eldest  son  of  Rear-Adm.  Sir  P. 
Beaufort,  K.C.B.  to  Emily-Nowell,  second  dan. 
of  Sir  John  Francis  Davis,  Bart. At  Brad- 
ley. Line,  the  Rev.  Frederick  James  Gruggen, 
of  Pocklington,  to  Emily-Eustatia,  eldest  dau. 
of  Thomas  Morgan,  esq.  late  of  Rutland  rate, 

Hyde  park. At  Clapham,  Gocdenough  Hay^ 

ter,  esq.  of  Camberwell,  to  Fanny,  dau.  of  the 

late  James  French,  esq. At  Jersey,  Robert 

Blackall  Montgomery,  esq.  13th  Light  Inf.  to 
Mary-Anne-Beresford,  dau.  of  the  late  Com- 
missary-Gen. Pipon,  of  Noirmont  Manor.— 
At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Earl  of  Kin- 
tore,  to  Louisa-Madeleine,  second  dau.  of 
Francis   Hawkins,  esq.  brother  of  the  late 

Countess   of  Kintore. At   Bath,  Frederic 

Sabel,  esq.  of  London,  to  Alice-Maria,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  Michael  Wakley,  esq.  of 

Charmouth. At  Apsley,  Beds,  the  Rev.  G. 

Winsate  Pearse,  M.A.  Fellow  of  Corpus,  and 
Rector  of  Walton,  Bucks,  to  Charlotte,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Boteler  Chernocke  Smith. 

25.  At  Beccles,  the  Rev.  George  Crabbs, 
jun.  Rector  of  Merton,  Norf.  to  Emily- Louisa, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  W.  Crabbe, 

Rector  of  Glemham. At  Rivenhall,  the  Rev. 

Edw.  Aug.  Cobbold,  Vicar  of  Yaxley,  Suffolk, 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  Richard  Cobbold,  Rec- 
tor of  Wortham,  to  Matilda-Caroline,  youngest 
dau.  of  Paul  Kneller  Smith,  esq.  of  Rivenhall 

place,  Essex. At  St.  James's  Paddmgton, 

Charles  Maynnrd,  esq.  second  son  of  the  late 
Adm.  Maynard,  R.N.  to  Eliza,  third  dau.  of 
Mr.  Henry  Jeffries,  of  Stowmarket. --— At 
Trinity  Church,  Jersey,  the  Rev.  Henry  Fount- 


316 


Marriages. 


[Sept 


ney  Chesihire,  B.A.  son  of  Mr.  Barnabas 
Cbesshire,  the  Oaks,  Edgbaston,  to  Louisa- 
Mary,  only  dau.  of  Robert  Henry  Wrirbt,esq. 

M.D. At  Reculver,  Charles  Sladaeft,  esq. 

of  Broomfield,  near  Heme,  to  Elizabeth  Love, 
relict  of  Carteret  J.  Kempson,  esq.  and  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Comm.  W.  H.  Douglas,  R.N. 

At  Highbury,  James  Alexander,  son  of 

George  Hodden,  esq.  of  H  ighbnry  terrace,  to 
Christlna-Georg^na,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 

Joseph  Browne,  esq.  of  Padworth,  Berks. 

At  Yoxall,  the  Rev.  John  Molineaux  Crocket, 
of  Tatenhill,  to  Maria,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Ralph  Watson,  esq.  of  Hill  Top,  Amble- 
side. 

26.  At  Newark,  John,  third  son  of  Edmund 
Gilling  £fa«/^ir«//,  esq.  MP.  of  Cheltenham,  to 
Eliza -Catherine,  second  dau.  of  William  Brod- 

hurst,    esq.   of    the   Friary,   Newark. At 

Handsworth.  Staff,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Herrick 
MacatUay,  B.D.  Rector  of  Hodnet.  Salop,  to 
Anne-Georgina,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
George  Ferguson,  esq.  of  Houghton  hall,  near 

Carlisle. At  Lowestoft,  Thomas  de  la  Garde 

Grissell,  esq.  eldest  son  of  Thomas  Grissell, 
esq.  of  Norbury  park,  Surrey,  to  Eliza-Milli. 
cent,  third  dau.  of  Edw.  Leatbes,  esq.  of  Nor- 

manston,  Suffolk At  All  Souls'  Langham 

place,  James,  eldest  son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir 
George  Clerkf  Bart.  M.P.  to  Jane,  eldest  dau. 

of  Major-Gen.  Mercer,  C.B. At  Wootlsford, 

Dorset,  R.  C.  Shettte,  esu.  of  Donhead  St.  An- 
drew, to  Mary- Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Lieut. 

Charles  Atkinson,  late  of  14th  Regt. At  St. 

Marylebone,  the  Rev.  Henry  Charles  Baitlettf 
only  son  of  Henry  Bartlett,  esq.  of  Wimbome, 
to  Harriet,  dau.  of  James  Paterson,  esq.  of 
Cornwall  terrace. At  St.  George's,  Stone- 
house,  Adoniah  Schuyler^  esq.  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Adoniah  Schuyler,  to  Mary-Carlile- 
Murray,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.  William 
Ellisson,  R.N.  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thos.  Ellisson,  D.f).  Rector  of  Castlebar,  co. 
Mayo. 

Julv  2.  At  Chelsea,  Edward  Basil  Farnham, 
esq.  M.P.  of  Quorndon  house,  to  Gertrude- 
Emily,  second  dau.  of  Sir  William  Hartopp, 
Bart,  of  Four  Oaks  hall,  Warw.  and  Gumley 
hall,  Leic. 

3.  At  Llangynidr,  Brcconsliire,  Cornelius 
0*CaUaghan,  esq.  of  Winbome,  to  Cordelia- 
Charlotte,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  William 
Davies,  Rector  of  Llangynidr. 

5.  At  St.  Matthew's  Denmark  hill,  Charles 
Lewis  Norton,  esq.  to  Helen-Mary,  only  dau. 
of  Peter  Le  Neve  Arnold,  esq.  of  Yarmouth. 

8.  At  Bath,  James  Johnston  Milckell,  esq. 
of  Bath,  youngest  son  of  Alex.  Mitchell,  esq. 
to  Marianne,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John 

Wing,  esq.  of  Wisbech. At  St.  Mary-the- 

Less,  the  Rev.  Edward  Greatorex,  youngest 
son  of  the  late  T.  Greatorex,  esq.  F.RS.  to 
Elizabeth,  third  dau.  of  the  Ven,  Chas.  Thorp, 
D.D.  Archdeacon  of  Durham. 

9.  At  Beccles,  Wm.  Henchman  Clubbe,  esq. 
of  Great  Somerford,  WiltM,  to  Fanny,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Swatman,  Rector 
of  Little  Fransbam. 

10.  At  Sampford  Courteuay,  Devon,  the 
Rev.  Charles  Pratt  Fortter,  B.A.  only  son  of 
the  late  Maior  Forstcr,  38th  Regt.  to  Penelope- 
Frances,  eldest  dan.  of  the  Rev.  George  P. 

Richards,  Rector  of  Sampford  Courtenay. 

At  Cheltenham,  Charles  WarburioHt  esq.  85th 
Light  Infantry,  eldest  son  of  the  Ven.  Archd. 
of  Tuam,  to  Alatilda-Caroline,  third  dau.  of 
the  late  Jonathan  Peel,  esq.  of  Culham,  Oxf. 

At  St.  Paul's  Knightsbridge,  Sir  Godfrey 

Webiter,  Bart,  of  Battle  Abbey.  .Sussex,  to 
Sarah- Joanna,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  W. 
Murray,  e.<iq.  and  widow  of  the  Hon.  Charles 

Asbburnham. At  Richmond,  Wm.  eldest 

son  of  William  ^impeon,  esq.  of  Mitchani»  to 


Winefred,  sixth  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Edw.  Mos- 

tj-n,  Bart. At  Upton,  Torquay,  the  Rev. 

Wm.  Taylor,  second  son  of  tne  late  Heury 
Taylor,  esq.  the  Hays,  Staff,  to  Caroline- Har- 
riet, only  child  of  the  late  ReT.  John  Fletcher, 

Rector  of  Quedgley,  Glouc. At  Ayr,  Robert 

Beachcrofi,  esq  of  Orsett  terrace,  Hyde  P^rk* 
to  Anna- Hunter,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 

A.  H.  Wood,  Bengal  Army. At  Kielator, 

Perthshire,  Hugh,  fourth  son  of  Stafford  iVorfA- 
coie,  esq.  John  st.  Bedford  row,  to  Margaret, 
youngest  dau.  of  Robt.  Grieve,  esq.  of  Kielator. 
12.  At  All  Souls'  Langham  place,  R.  H. 
Appleyard,  esq.  Barrister,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  R.  S.  Appleyard,  esq.  to  Charlotte- MatildAt 
only  child  of  the  Rev.  W.  Stamer,  D.D.  Rector 

of  St.  Saviour's,  Bath. At  St.  John's,  Hack- 

ney.  the  Rev.  Walter  De  Year,  of  Goudborst, 
Kent,  seconU  son  of  John  De  Year,  eaq.  of 
Norwich,  to  Sarah,  second  dau.  of  W.J.  Bavet, 

esq. At  Stoke,  F.  P.  Drury,  Lieut.  Madraa 

Army,  son  of  Capt.  II.  Drury,  R.N.  to  Garo- 
line- Arabella,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  R.  T. 
Heysham,  esq.  of  Bath. 

14.  At  Galbaliy,  Thomas  Hobbs  WiUioMU, 
esq.  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Williams,  R.N.  of 
Sowden,  Lympstone,  to  Frances,  youngest  daa. 
of  the  late  Rev.  William  Massy,  of  Tippenry, 
Preb.  of  Dysart.  ' 

15.  At  Clewer,  Berks,  the  Rev.  W.  Bardag, 
Curate  of  Evedon  and  Ewerby,  and  Seoond 
Master  of  Sleaford  Grammar  School,  to  Mary- 
Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Rnfus  Tutton,  esq. 

Royal   Horse  Guards    Blue. At  Welling- 

borough,  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Paul,  Vicar  of  Ffne- 
don,  to  Jessie- Philippa,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Herbert  Mackworth,  esq.  of  the  Poplars, 
Wellingborough. At  St.  James's  West- 
minster, the  lion,  and  Rev.  Douglas  Oordomt 
third  son  of  the  Earl  of  Aberdeen,  to  Lady 
Ellen  Douglas,  second  dau.  of  the  Earl  of 
Morton. — At  Baldon,  Oxon.  Herbert,  eldest 
son  of  John  Partont,  esq.  of  Iffley,  and  of  the 
Old  Bank,  Oxford,  to  Louisa, dau.  of  O.  Thom- 
son, e»q.  of  Baldon,  and  also  of  the  Old  B^ik, 

Oxford. At  Marske,  Yorkshire,  James  H. 

Whiteeide,  esq.  M.D.  of  Stockton-on-Tees,  to 
Helen- Harriet,  only  dau.  of  the  Ute  W.  A. 
Cuuninghame,  esq.  formerly  of  95th  Refl- 
ment. 

IG.  At  the  Cathedral,  Manchester,  the  Rev. 
George  Walter  Robinton,  St.  Peter's,  Derby, 
to  Rosa- Ellen,  third  dau.  of  the  late  James 

Bentley,   esq.    of  Lower   Broughton. At 

Waterford,  Henry  King  Diekinttm,  esq.  of  St. 
John's.  Newfoundland,  to  Miss  Mary  Tullob, 

dau.  of  Cnpt.  Tulloh,  R.N. At  Edinburgh, 

Campbell  Limond,  esq.  Bengal  Civil  Service, 
to  Marion,  young^t  dau.  of^tbe  late  Robert 

Limond,  esq.  Bengal  Medical  Service. At 

St.  Peter's-within-the-Tower,  London,  Wm. 
Good! fig,  esq.  eldest  son  of  w.  Gooding,  esq. 
of  Durleigh,  near  Bridgwater,  to  Emma,  se- 
cond dau.  of  W.  Brande,  esq.  of  HerMiJesty's 
Mint. 

17.  At  Manchester^  Geo.  William  Hawortk, 
esq.  M.D.  of  Accnngton,  to  Mary-Anne, 
youngest  dau.  of  Georre  Smith,  esib.  Soar 

Wheel,  Broughton,  Manchester. At  Exeter, 

Thomas  Robert  Tt^kell,  esq.  of  Northfleet, 
Kent,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Lieot.-Col.  J.  C. 
Tuffnell,  of  Bath,  to  Frances-Howard,  only 
child  of  the  late  Mi^or  J.  W.  Hatchinaon,  74tn 

Highlanders. At  West  Baa^roogb.  Soin. 

Mordaunt  Fenteick,  esq.  of  iMontsey  nouse, 
Wilts,  only  son  of  the  ven.  Archdeacon  Fen- 
wick,  to  Susan,  only  dau.  of  Francis  Popham, 

esq.  of  Bagborougb  house. At  Elmstead, 

F.ssex,  the  Rev.  William  Wright,  Curate  of 
All  Saints',  Colchester,  and  third  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Peter  Wright,  Rector  of  Marks  Tey, 
to  Elizabeth-Cordelia,  only  child  of  the  Rev, 
Williatp  Wilson,  Vicar  of  Klmstesd. 


317 


OBITUARY. 


The  Earl  of  Charleville. 
July  14.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  Lon- 
don, aged  50,  the  Right  Hon.  Charles 
William  Bary,  second  Earl  of  Charleville 
(1806),  Viscount  Charleyille  (1800),  and 
Baron  TuUamore  of  Charleyille  Forest, 
King's  County  (1797);  a  Representative 
Peer  of  Ireland,  and  Major  of  the  King's 
County  Militia. 

His  Lordship  was  born  on  the  29th 
April  1801,  and  was  the  only  sou  of 
Charles-William  the  first  Earl  by  Catha- 
rine-Maria, widow  of  James  Tisdall,  esq. 
and  only  daughter  and  heir  of  Thomas 
Towuley  Dawson,  esq.  Of  this  amiable 
and  talented  lady,  who  died  only  on  the 
24th  Feb.  last,  a  memoir  was  given  in  our 
Magazine  for  April. 

When  Lord  TuUamore,  the  late  Earl 
was  elected  to  Parliament  for  the  town  of 
Carlow  at  the  general  election  of  1826 ; 
and  again  returned  in  1830  and  1831,  on 
each  occasion  without  opposition. 

In  1832  he  was  returned  for  Penryn 
and  Falmouth,  after  a  contest  which  ter- 
minated thus — 


Robert  M.  Rolfe,  esq. 
Lord  TuUamore  .  . 
J.  W.  Freshfield,  esq. 
Charles  Stewart,  esq. 


.     .     .  490 

.     .     .  428 

...  OoO 

...  8«5 


At  the  general  election  of  1835  he  was 
defeated  at  Penryn  by  Mr.  Freshfield  ; 
and  in  May  of  the  same  year,  when  he 
opposed  the  re-election  of  Sir  Robert  M. 
Rolfe  (then  appointed  Solicitor- General) 
he  was  again  defeated  by  348  votes  to  326. 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  Oct.  31,  1835  ;  and 
was  elected  a  Representative  Peer  of  Ire- 
land in  1838.  In  both  houses  he  was  a 
supporter  of  the  Conservative  party. 

The  Earl  of  Charleville  married,  Feb. 
2G,  1821 ,  Beaujolais-Harriet-Charlotte, 
third  daughter  of  the  late  Colonel  John 
Campbell,  of  Shawfield,  by  Lady  Char- 
lotte (afterwards  Bury),  daughter  of  John 
fifth  Duke  of  Argyll.  The  Countess  died 
at  Naples  on  the  1st  Feb.  1848,  having 
had  issue  four  sons  and  two  daughters,  of 
whom  three  sons  and  one  daughter  sur- 
vive :  1 .  Charles  •  WiUiam  -  George,  now 
Earl  of  Charleville  ;  2.  the  Hpn.  Henry- 
Walter,  who  died  in  1830,  in  his  8th  year; 

3.  Lady  Beaujolais-Eleonora-Katherine ; 

4.  the  Hon.  John  James  Bury,  Lieut. 
R.  Eng. ;  5.  the  Hon.  Alfred  Bury,  Lieut. 
69th  Foot ;  and  6.  Julia,  who  died  an 
infant. 

The  present  EUrl  was  bom  in  1822,  and 
married  in  1850  Arabella- Louisa,  young- 


est daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Case,  esq. 
of  Shenstone  Moss,  Staffordshire.  He 
was  formerly  Lieutenant  in  the  43d  Foot, 
and  in  1844  Aide-de-camp  to  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  He  retired  from 
the  army  in  1845. 


Sir  Charles  Bannerman,  Bart. 

June  18.  In  Clarges  street,  aged  69i 
Sir  Charles  Bannerman,  the  8th  Bart,  of 
Elsick,  CO.  Kincardine  (1682). 

He  was  born  on  the  18th  Aug.  1783, 
the  fifth  son  of  Sir  Alexander  the  sixth 
Baronet,  by  Mary,  daughter  of  James 
Gordon,  esq.  of  Banchory  ;  and  succeeded 
his  brother  Sir  Alexander,  May  31,  1840. 

Sir  Charles  Bannerman  married  in  1821 
his  cousin-german  Anne,  daughter  of 
Charles  Bannerman,  esq.  an  advocate  at 
Aberdeen  (younger  brother  to  the  sixth 
Baronet)  ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died  in 
1838,  he  had  issue  Sir  Alexander,  his  suc- 
cessor, bom  in  1823,  and  a  daughter  Anne- 
Catharine,  who  died  in  1847. 


*       Sir  David  Scott,  Bart.  K.H. 

June  18.  In  Gloucester-place,  Mary- 
lebone,  in  his  69th  year,  Sir  David  Scott, 
the  2d  Bart,  of  Dunninald,  co.  Forfar,  and 
SUlwood  Park,  Berks  (1806),  and  K.H. 

He  was  born  July  25,  1782,  the  son  of 
David  Scott,  esq.  of  Dunninald,  many 
years  M.P.  for  the  county  of  Angus,  by 
Louisa,  second  dau.  of  William  Delagard, 
esq.  some  time  a  Member  of  Council  at 
Bombay. 

He  succeeded  to  the  title  of  a  Baronet 
on  the  death,  Sept.  17, 1819,  of  Sir  James 
Sibbald,  who  had  married  his  maternal 
aunt,  and  had  been  created  a  Baronet  with 
remainder  to  the  gentleman  now  deceased. 

Sir  David  Scott  was  elected  to  Par- 
Uament  for  the  borough  of  Yarmouth,  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight,  in  Jan.  1806,  but  sat 
only  to  the  dissolution  in  the  following 
October.  He  was  latterly  for  many 
years  an  active  magistrate  in  the  town  of 
Brighton,  where  he  was  a  constant  re- 
sident. 

Sir  David  Scott  married,  March  28, 
1807,  Caroline,  daughter  of  the  late  Ben- 
jamin Grindall,  esq.  of  the  Bengal  civil 
service ;  and  had  issue  his  successor,  Sir 
James  Sibbald  David  Scott,  who  married, 
in  1844,  the  only  daughter  of  Henry 
Shank,  esq.  of  Gloucester-place,  London, 
and  Castlerig,  co.  Fife ;  one  other  son, 
Montagu  David  Scott,  esq.  barrister-at- 
law  ;  and  three  daughters ;  of  whom  the 
eldest,  Caroline-Louisa,  was  married  in 
1838  to  William  James  Maxwell,  esq.  son 


318     Gen.  Sir  S,  H.  Sheaffe,  BarUSir  E.  Stracetf,  Bart.    [Sept. 


of  the  late  Rev.  Patrick  Maxwell,  by 
Elizabeth- Anne,  daughter  of  John  Saw- 
bridge,  esq.  of  Olantigh,  in  Kent,  M.P. 

Genbbal  Sir  R.  H.  Shbaffs,  Bart. 

July  17.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  88,  Sir 
Roger  Hale  Sheaffe,  of  Edswale,  co.  Clare, 
Bart,  a  General  in  the  army,  and  Colonel 
of  the  36th  Foot. 

He  was  born  at  Boston  in  North  Ame- 
rica on  the  15th  July,  1763  ;  and  was  the 
third  son  of  William  Sheaffe,  esq.  deputy 
collector  of  H.  M.  Customs  at  that  port, 
by  Susannah,  eldest  daughter  of  Thomas 
Child,  of  Boston. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  on  the 
1st  May,  1778,  and  became  Lieutenant  in 
the  5th  Foot  Dec.  27,  1780.  He  served 
in  Ireland  from  Jan.  1781  to  May  1787  ; 
and  in  Canada  from  July  following  to 
Sept.  1797.  In  17.94  he  was  employed 
on  a  public  mission,  to  protest  against 
certain  settlements  made  by  the  Americana 
on  the  south  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  He 
obtained  his  company  in  the  5th  Foot, 
May  5, 1795 ;  was  promoted  to  a  majority 
in  the  8l8t,  Dec.  13,  1797  ;  and  to  a 
Lieut. -Colonelcy  in  the  49th,  March  22, 
1798.  He  served  in  Holland  from  Aug. 
to  Nov.  1799,  and  in  the  Baltic  under  Sir* 
Hyde  Parker  and  Lord  Nelson  from  March 
to  July  1801 ;  and  in  Canada  from  Sept. 
1802  to  Oct.  1611.  He  attained  the  bre- 
vet rank  of  Colonel  1808,  and  the  rank  of 
Major-Oeneral  1811. 

He  again  served  in  Canada  from  the 
29th  July  181S  to  Nov.  1813.  The  Ame- 
ricans  having  invaded  Upper  Canada  at 
Queenstown  on  the  13th  Oct.  181 S,  and 
General  Brock,  commanding  in  the  pro- 
vince, having  fallen  in  a  gallant  effort  with 
an  independent  force  to  oppose  them, 
Major-General  Sheaffe,  on  whom  the  com- 
mand devolved,  assembled  some  regular 
troops  and  militia,  with  a  few  Indians, 
and  the  same  day  attacked  them  on  a 
woody  height  which  they  occupied  above 
the  town,  and  completely  defeated  them, 
though  far  exceeding  his  own  followers  in 
number,  their  commander  delivering  his 
sword,  and  surrendering  his  surviving 
troops  on  the  field  of  battle.  In  acknow- 
ledgment of  this  important  service  he  was 
created  a  Baronet  by  patent  dated  Jan.  16, 
1813. 

Sir  Roger  Sheaffe  defended  the  town 
of  York  in  Upper  Canada,  on  the  S7th 
April,  1813,  when  the  loss  of  the  Ameri- 
cans actually  exceeded  the  number  of  those 
opposed  to  them.  He  continued  to  com- 
mand in  the  Upper  Province  and  to  ad- 
minister its  government  until  June  1813; 
and  on  quitting  it  he  received  from  the 
resident  members  of  the  Executive  Council 
am  addren  expressive  of  their  sense  of 


'^that  display  of  candour,  justice,  and 
impartiality  which  had  marked  his  ad-  * 
ministration,  and  the  urbanity  and  confi- 
dence of  his  official  intercourse."  They 
further  acknowledged  their  conviction  that 
they  owed  the  salvation  of  the  whole  pro- 
vince to  his  military  talents,  on  the  me- 
morable day  when  he  succeded  to  tiie 
command. 

On  the  25th  March,  1814,  Sir  R.  H. 
Sheaffe  was  appointed  to  the  staff  of 
Great  Britain,  but  that  appointment  was 
recalled  in  consequence  of  the  ehange  of 
affairs  in  Europe. 

He  was  appointed  to  the  command  of 
the  36th  Foot,  Dec.  21, 1829,  attained  the 
rank  of  Lieut.-General  in  1831,  and  the 
full  rank  of  General  in  1838. 

Sir  Roger  H.  Sheaffe  married,  in  1810, 
Margaret,  daughter  of  John  Coffin,  etq, 
of  Quebec,  and  cousin  of  the  late  Admiru 
Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  Bart,  and  had  issue  two 
sons  and  four  daughters,  but  they  all  died 
before  him,  unmarried.  His  baronetcy 
has  consequently  become  extinct. 

Sir  Edward  Straciy,  Bart. 

July  14.  At  Rackheath  hall,  near  Nor- 
wich, in  his  83rd  year.  Sir  Edward  Har- 
dinge  John  Stracey,  tiie  second  Bart,  of 
that  place  (1818)  a  Deputy  Lieutenant  and 
magistrate  of  Cheshire,  a  magistrate  of 
Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  and  a  btrrister^at- 
law. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Edward 
the  first  Baronet,  by  his  first  wifiB  Elisa- 
beth, daughter  of  Richard  Latham,  esq.  of 
Lancashire,  and  widow  of  John  Wilkin- 
son, esq. 

He  was  born  in  India,  but  came  to  this 
country  as  a  boy,  and  received  his  educa- 
tion at  the  Norwich  Grammar  School; 
afterwards  proceeded  to  Christ  Church, 
Oxford,  and  was  called  to  the  bar  at  tlie 
Inner  Temple,  May  3,  1793.  He  was  for 
some  years  one  of  the  principal  Committee 
Clerks  of  the  House  of  Commons,  and 
also  Clerk  of  the  Engrossments ;  and  he 
succeeded  his  uncle,  Mr.  Hardinge  Stra- 
cey (who  had  also  previously  held  those 
offices) ,  as  counsel  to  the  Chairman  of  Com- 
mittees of  the  House  of  Lords.  He  suc- 
ceeded to  the  dignity  of  Baronet,  on  the 
death  of  his  father  in  1839.  During  a  long 
and  active  life.  Sir  Edward,  by  his  straight- 
forward conduct  and  undeviating  rectitude, 
retained  the  confidence  and  respect  of  his 
contemporaries ;  most  of  whom  he  sur- 
vived. For  many  years  he  enjoyed  the 
intimate  acquaintance  of  the  late  Earl  of 
Shaftesbury,  with  whom,  for  a  long  period, 
he  officially  acted,  and  who,  to  mark  the 
high  opinion  he  entertained  of  him,  had 
appointed  him  his  sole  ezecntori  which 
offloe,  however,  from  his  own  great  age. 


1851.]       Obituary.-— ^e^mtra/  the  Hon.  Sir  John  Talbot.  Si9 


when  Lord  Shaftesbury  died,  Sir  Edward 
declined  to  accept. 

For  sereral  years  Sir  Edward  held  the 
honourable  position  of  Chairman  of  Quar- 
ter Sessions  for  Cheshire.  In  politics,  he 
was  of  the  old  Tory  school,  a  staunch 
Protestant ;  but,  whilst  firm  and  decided 
in  his  own  opinions,  he  was  most  liberal 
towards  those  with  whom  he  differed. 
With  a  kind  heart  and  generous  disposi- 
tion, Sir  Edward  despised  parade,  and  had 
left  instructions  that  his  funeral  should  be 
conducted  without  ostentation,  and  that 
his  body  should  be  borne  to  the  grave  not 
in  a  hearse,  but  by  the  labourers  on  his 
own  estate,  to  twenty  of  whom  he  directed 
a  suit  of  black  to  be  given. 

He  married  in  1810  Anne,  daughter  and 
sole  heiress  of  Wm.  Brookbank,  esq.  of 
The  Beech,  Cheshire  ;  she  died  in  1832, 
having  had  no  issue.  Sir  Edward  is  suc- 
ceeded in  the  title  by  his  brother,  the  Rev. 
(now  Sir)  George  Stracey,  of  Thorpe  by 
Norwich,  and  Rector  of  Rackheath.  He 
married,  in  1814,  the  youngest  daughter 
and  heir  of  Edmund  Mapes,  esq.  of 
Rollesby  hall,  Norfolk,  and  has  issue  two 
daughters.  The  next  brother,  Josias  Henry 
Stracey,  esq.  has  numerous  male  issue. 

Adm.  tbx  Hon.  Sir  John  Talbot. 

July  7.  At  his  seat,  Rhode  Hill,  near 
Lyme  Regis,  Dorset,  the  Hon.  Sir  John 
Talbot,  O.C.B.  Admiral  of  the  Red ;  uncle 
to  Lord  Talbot  de  Malahide. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Richard  Talbot, 
esq.  of  Malahide  Castle,  by  Margaret, 
eldest  daughter  of  James  0*lteilly,  esq.  of 
Ballinlough,  co.  Westmeath,  Baroness 
Talbot  and  Lady  Malahide. 

He  entered  the  navy  March  24,  1784, 
as  captain's  servant  in  the  Boreas  frigate, 
Capt  Horatio  Nelson,  with  whom  he 
served  in  the  West  Indies  until  Nov.  1787. 
He  was  made  Lieutenant  in  the  Triton 
32,  Capt.  George  Murray,  Nov.  3,  1790. 
As  senior  of  the  Astrea,  of  32  guns  and 
212  men,  Capt  Lord  Henry  Paulet,  he 
was  afforded  an  opportunity  of  displaying 
much  good  conduct,  on  the  night  of  April 
10,  1795,  at  the  capture  in  the  Channel 
of  the  French  frigate  La  Gloire,  of  42  guns 
and  275  men,  40  of  whom  in  a  spirited 
action  of  58  minutes  were  killed  and 
wounded,  with  a  loss  to  the  British  of  not 
more  than  8  wounded.  He  was  promoted 
on  the  17th  of  the  same  month  to  the 
command  of  the  Helena  sloop,  on  the 
home  station  ;  and  posted  Aug.  27, 1796, 
into  the  Eurydice,  24.  While  command- 
ing that  sloop  Capt.  Talbot  made  prize, 
Dec.  15, 1796,  of  the  privateer  Sphinx,  of 
26  men ;  Feb.  6,  1797,  of  the  Fiibustier, 
of  20  guns  and  63  men  ;  March  7  follow- 
ing, of  the  Voltigeur,  of  23  men ;  and  Not. 


10, 1799,  of  the  Hirondelle,  of  14  guns 
and  50  men.  In  the  Glenmore  he  retook, 
in  July,  1801,  four  West  Indiamen,  which 
had  been  cut  off  from  their  convoy  by  a 
French  privateer.  In  the  Leander  he 
captured,  Feb.  23,  1805,  La  Ville  de  Mi- 
lan, of  46  guns,  and  her  prize  the  Cleo- 
patra, 32,  both  of  which  ships  had  been 
much  shattered  in  a  recent  engagement. 
Upon  leaving  the  Leander  he  was  pre* 
sented  by  the  ward-room  officers  of  that 
ship  with  a  gold  sword,  as  a  token  of 
their  regard  and  esteem  of  him,  not  only 
as  an  officer,  but  as  an  individual.  In 
the  Victorious,  which  ship  he  did  not 
join  until  Nov.  1809,  Captain  Talbot  was 
at  first  stationed  under  Lord  Collingwood 
off  Toulon.  He  was  next  engaged  under 
the  late  Sir  George  Martin  in  affording 
protection  to  the  island  of  Sicily  when 
threatened  with  an  invasion  by  Joachim 
Murat ;  and  while  blockading  Cor^i  with 
the  Leonidas  and  Imogene  under  his 
orders,  he  drove  on  shore,  Jan.  30, 1801, 
th€  Leoben,  an  Italian  schooner-of-war,  of 
10  guns  and  60  men,  which  was  set  on  fire 
and  blown  up  by  the  enemy.  On  the 
21st  Feb.  1812,  being  at  the  time  off 
Venice,  in  company  with  the  Weasel  1$, 
Capt.J.  W.Andrew,  the  Victoriou8(which, 
although  rated  at  74,  mounted  82  guns)  he 
discovered  a  hoBtUe  squadron,  consisting 
of  the  French  ship  Rivoli,  of  80  guns,  the 
Jena  and  Mercure,  of  16,  and  the  Mame- 
louck,  of  8  guns,  and  2  gun-boats.  This 
was  about  three  p.m.  and  at  half-past  four 
a.m.  on  the  22Dd,  the  Victorious,  having 
arrived  within  half-pistol-shot  of  the  Rivoli, 
commenced  an  action  with  that  ship, 
which  continued  to  rage  with  the  utmost 
fury  on  both  sides  until  nine  a.m.;  when 
her  hull,  masts,  and  rigging  being  dread- 
fully cut  up,  and  400  of  her  crew  being 
either  killed  or  wounded,  the  Rivoli  strocK 
her  colours.  The  loss  sustained  by  the 
Victorious  in  achieving  this  noble  exploit 
amounted  to  twenty-seven  killed  and 
ninety -nine  wounded.  Towards  the  close 
of  the  engagement  she  was  assisted  by 
two  broadsides  from  the  Weasel,  which, 
emulating  the  gallantry  of  her  consort, 
had  blown  up  the  Mercure,  and  put  to 
flight  the  Jena  and  Mamelouck.  In  the 
early  part  of  this  action  Captain  Talbot 
received  a  contusion  from  a  splinter, 
which  nearly  deprived  him  of  sight,  and 
compelled  him  to  leave  the  deck.  On  his 
return  to  England  he  was  presented  by 
the  Admiralty  with  a  gold  medal,  in  com- 
memoration of  his  valour. 

Having  refitted  at  Chatham,  he  sailed 
in  Nov.  1812,  with  a  convoy  to  the  West 
Indies.  He  thence  proceeded  to  the  Chesa- 
peake, and  in  Jan.  1814  was  employed  in 
blockading  at  New  Ix)Ddon  the  united 


320 


Obitvary,^^ General  Eden, — Admiral  Cochet, 


[Sept. 


States  ships  Macedonian  and  Hornet.  In 
June  following  he  was  sent  to  defend  the 
whale  fishery  in  Davis's  Straits,  and  when 
in  lat.  66°  30'  N.  his  ship  was  so  much 
injured  by  striking  on  a  small  rock  that 
he  was  obliged  to  return  with  her  consorts 
to  England.  She  arrived  at  Spithead  Aug. 
10,  1814,  and  was  shortly  after  paid  off. 

Sir  John  Talbot  had  not  since  been 
afloat.  He  had  been  appointed  a  Colonel 
of  Marines  June  4  preceding.  He  was 
nominated  a  K.C.B.  Jan.  2,  1815  ;  made 
a  Rear-Admiral  1819,  Yice-Admiral  1830, 
and  a  fall  Admii-al  1841.  He  was  created 
G.C.B.  Feb.  23,  1842  ;  and  was  awarded 
a  good-service  pension  May  5,  1847. 

Sir  John  Talbot  married,  Oct.  17, 1815, 
the  Hon.  Juliana  Arundell,  fourth  dau. 
of  James-Everard  ninth  Lord  Arundell  of 
Wardour;  and  by  that  lady,  who  died 
Dec.  9. 1843,  he  had  issue  two  sons,  Regi- 
nald and  Neill,  and  five  daughters.  His 
eldest  daughter,  Charlotte- Juliana,  became 
in  1849  the  second  wife  of  George  Thomas 
Whitgrave,  esq.  of  Moseley  Court,  Stafford- 
shire ;  and  his  second  daughter,  Margaret- 
Victoriosa,  was  married,  in  1841,  to  Wil- 
liam Edmund  Pole,  esq.  second  son  of  Sir 
William  Templer  Pole,  Bart,  of  Shute 
House,  CO.  Devon. 


General,  and  towards  the  end  of  that  year 
he  served  under  Sir  Samuel  Auchmuty  at 
the  capture  of  Java  from  the  Dutch,  for 
which  he  received  the  gold  medal.  In 
1838  he  became  a  full  General,  and  the 
following  year  was  placed  on  the  list  of 
general  officers  receiving  the  reward  for 
distinguished  services.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Consolidated  Board  of 
General  Officers. 


General  Eden. 

May  24.  At  Ham,  Surrey,  aged  83, 
General  William  Eden. 

General  Eden  was  the  second  sou  of 
Sir  Robert  Eden,  Governor  of  Maryland, 
created  a  Baronet  in  1776,  by  Caroline 
Calvert,  sister  and  coheir  to  the  late  Vis- 
count Baltimore  :  and  he  was  uncle  to  the 
present  Sir  William  Eden,  of  Truir,  Bart. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  the 
46th  Foot,  Aug.  26,  1786 ;  and  became 
Lieutenant  May  31,  1790.  In  1792  and 
1793  he  served  at  Gibraltar,  in  1794  and 
1795  iu  Flanders  and  Holland  as  Assistant 
Quartermaster  General.  In  June  1795 
he  was  promoted  to  a  Captain-Lieute- 
nancy in  the  55th,  and  was  appointed  to 
serve  on  the  staff  as  Brigade  Major  at 
East  Bourne.  He  soon  after  succeeded  to 
a  company  in  the  55th,  and  in  December 
following  to  a  majority  in  the  79th.  He 
embarked  for  the  West  Indies  in  Oct. 
1795  and  returned  in  Aug.  1797.  On  the 
35th  Dec.  1797  he  was  appointed  Assist- 
ant Quartermaster  General  in  England  ; 
on  the  15th  Aug.  1798  Lieut.-Colonel  in 
the  78th  Foot,  and  on  the  11th  Dec.  1806 
removed  to  the  84th. 

On  the  15th  Feb.  1807  he  sailed  for 
India;  and  on  the  20th  June  following  he 
was  appointed  to  act  as  Quartermaster 
General  in  Madras.  In  1809  he  marched 
with  the  army  into  the  Sikh  country.  On 
the  4th  June,  1811  he  became  a  Major- 
12 


Admiral  Cochet. 

June  10.  At  Bideford,  after  a  short 
illness,  in  his  9l8t  year,  John  Cochet,  esq. 
Admiral  of  the  Red. 

This  venerable  officer  was  born  at  Ro- 
chester on  the  3d  Aug.  1760.  He  en* 
tered  the  navy  Dec.  22,  1775,  as  ordinary 
on  board  the  Blonde  32,  Capt.  P.  Pow- 
nall,  with  whom,  after  cruising  on  the 
coast  of  North  America,  he  removed  to 
the  Apollo  32,  of  which  be  became  a  mid- 
shipman in  Oct.  1778.  On  the  31it  Jan. 
1 779  he  assisted  at  the  capture  of  TOiseaii, 
a  French  frigate  of  26  guns,  after  a  san- 
guinary action  of  an  hour  and  a  half;  and 
on  the  2nd  June,  1780,  he  was  present  in 
a  fight  with  the  Stanislaus  of  the  same 
force,  in  which  Capt.  Pownall  was  killed. 
He  served  in  several  other  shipi  before  he 
received  his  first  commission,  on  the  26th 
Aug.  1789.  He  afterwards  joined  in 
March,  1 790,  the  Zebra  sloop,  and  in  Dec. 
1798,  the  Phaeton  38,  and  ihared  in  the 
capture  of  various  vessels,  among  which 
were  Le  General  Domourier  privateer,  her 
])rize  the  St.  lago,  a  Spanish  galleon  of 
immense  value,  and  La  ProfflPte  of  S8 
guns.  He  afterwards  removed  to  the 
Queen  Charlotte  100,  bearing  the  flag  of 
Lord  Howe,  with  whom  he  lerved  in  the 
action  of  the  1st  June,  1794. 

He  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Com- 
mander May  27,  1795,  and  appointed  on 
the  4th  Jan.  following  to  the  Rattler  16. 
On  the  6tli  May  1796,  in  company  with 
the  Diamond  38,  he  assisted  in  capturing, 
off  Cherbourg,  Le  Pichegru  privateer  of 
10  guns.  On  the  9th  Dec.  1796,  he  waa 
posted  into  the  Abergavenny  of  50  guns, 
in  which  he  superintended  the  navid  ar- 
rangements at  the  evacuation  of  Port  aa 
Prince,  Domingo.  On  the  14th  Jane, 
1798,  he  was  appointed  to  the  Thunderer 
74,  and  on  the  10th  Jan.  1799,  to  the 
Valiant  of  the  like  force.  In  the  latter 
ship  he  returned  to  England  with  a  large 
convoy,  and  waa  placed  on  half-pay  Mar 
30,  1799  ;  after  which  he  officiated  with 
great  credit,  especially  at  the  battle  of 
Maida,  as  principal  agent  for  transport! 
in  the  Mediterranean,  from  May  2, 1805, 
until  June,  1810.  From  March,  1813,  to 
April,  1814,  he  commanded  the  Ardent 
74,  at  Bermuda ;  and  from  that  date  until 


1851.]     .Vif:e'Admival  Browne. — Majnr^Gen,  L,  C.  BusselL        321 


May  1815  was  the  agcut  for  transports 
and  prisoners  of  war  at  Halifax.  He 
became  a  Rear- Admiral  in  1 8 1 1),  Vice- Ad- 
miral in  1830,  and  Admiral  in  1811. 

Though  Admiral  Cochet  had  witnessed 
so  much  active  service,  it  seemed  us  if  he 
had  lived  a  little  too  early  to  share  in 
those  titular  distinctions  and  decorations 
which  have  fallen  to  his  juniors.  In  his 
retirement  at  Bideford  he  was  generally 
respected,  and  was  a  liberal  benefactor  of 
the  poor. 

He  married,  first,  May  19,  179G,  Miss 
Charlotte  Jefferys ;  and,  secondly,  July 
15,  1811,  Lydia,  widow  of  Captain  Long, 
of  the  89th  Regiment,  which  lady  died 
Sept.  9,  1839. 


Vice-Admiral  Browne. 

April  7.  At  Clifton,  in  his  83d  year, 
Thomas  Browne,  esq.  Vice- Admiral  of  the 
Blue. 

This  veteran  officer  entered  the  service 
nearly  seventy  years  ago  on  board  the 
Alexander  74,  Capt.  E.  Michael,  then 
stationed  in  the  Channel,  in  April,  1782. 
He  removed  to  the  Carnatic  74  in  the  fol- 
lowing December,  and  was  three  years 
in  the  Mediterranean  in  the  Thetis  38. 
Having  also  served  in  other  ships,  he  was 
made  Lieutenant  in  1790  ;  and  from  1793 
to  179C  served  in  the  West  Indies  in  the 
Intrepid  G4.  In  Feb.  1796,  in  command 
of  the  boats  of  that  ship,  he  cut  out  from 
a  cove  on  the  norih  of  St.  Domingo  La 
Percantc  of  26  guns  and  nearly  200  men, 
all  of  whom  tied  at  his  approach.  This 
vessel  was  added  to  the  British  navy  under 
the  name  of  Jamaica. 

He  became  First  Lieutenant  of  the 
Greyhound  32  in  Dec.  1796,  and  removed 
successively  to  the  Nymph  36,  Astrea  32, 
and  Elephant  74.  He  was  advanced  to 
the  command  of  the  Chapman  armed  ship 
Aug.  11,  1800,  and  attained  post  rank 
April  29,  1802.  He  was  appointed  flag- 
Captaiu  to  Rear- Admiral  Eliot  Harvey  in 
the  Tonnant  60  in  1806;  and  he  after- 
wards served  in  the  same  capacity  in  the 
Hannibal,  Christian  VII.  and  Aboukir, 
the  flag-ships  of  Rear-Admirals  P.  C. 
Durham  and  T.  B.  Martin,  in  the  last  of 
which  he  commanded  at  ths  siege  of  Riga. 
From  May  1813  to  Dec.  1815  he  com- 
manded the  Ulysses  44,  in  which  he  con- 
ducted Sir  Thomas  Graham's  army  to  the 
Scheldt ;  afterwards,  as  Commodore  on 
the  coast  of  Africa,  destroyed  the  two  last 
remaining  English  slave-factories ;  and  at 
the  time  of  Bonaparte's  escape  from 
Elba  conveyed  home  from  St.  Helena  a 
fleet  of  Indiamen  valued  at  10,000,000/. 
and  was  in  consequence  presented  by  the 
Hon.  E.  I.  Company  with  a  larger  sum 
for  the  purchase  of  plate  than  had  ever 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVL 


before  been  voted  to  any  captain.  Since 
the  peace  he  had  remained  on  half-pay, 
becoming  a  Rear-Admiral  in  1840,  and 
Vice-Admiral  in  1846. 

He  married  the  eldest  daughter  of  Lieut. 
Michael  Jenkins,  R.N.  (Abridged  from 
O' Byrne's  Naval  Biography.) 

Major-Gen.  Leciimere  C.  Russell. 

April  28.  At  Ashford  Hall,  Shropshire, 
in  his  6oth  year,  Major-General  Lechmere 
Coore  Graves  Russell,  C.B. 

General  Russell  was  bom  on  Christmas 
Day  in  the  year  1786,  and  was  the  eldest 
son  of  James  Russell,  esq.  (a  younger  son 
of  James  Russell,  esq.  Judge  of  the  King*8 
Bench  in  America,  and  descended  from  a 
family  resident  for  some  generations  at 
Charlestown  in  that  country,)  by  Mary, 
second  daughter  of  Richard  Lechmere, 
esq.  nephew  to  Nicholas  Lord  Lechmere 
of  Evesham. 

He  entered  the  service  of  the  East  India 
Company  as  a  cadet  in  the  Bombay  esta- 
blishment in  1802,  became  Colonel  of 
Artillery  1833,  and  a  Major-General  1841. 
He  succeeded  his  father  in  his  estates  in 
1832.  He  married,  June  14, 1814,  Harriet- 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  OUyett  Woodhonse, 
esq.  of  North  Repps,  Norfolk,  Advocate- 
General  at  Bombay ;  and  had  issue  three 
sons  and  five  daughters.  Edward-Lech- 
mere,  his  eldest  son,  is  Lieutenant  in  the 
12th  Bombay  Native  Infantry;  and  Fre- 
derick -  Thomas  •  Lechmere,  the  second 
brother,  was  Lieutenant  in  the  2d  Madras 
Cavalry,  from  which  he  retired  in  1846. 


Rear-Admiral  Lillicrap. 

July  9.     At   Plymouth,   Rear-Admiral 
James  Lillicrap. 

He  was  a  native  of  that  town,  and  en- 
tered the  service  on  board  the  Cambridge 
74,  in  1780.  He  obtained  his  commission 
as  Lieutenant  in  1793,  and  afterwards 
served  for  thirty- six  years  on  full  pay. 
He  was  made  Lieutenant  and  Commandei 
1801  in  reward  for  his  distinguished  con- 
duct as  first  Lieutenant  of  the  Venerable 
74,  in  an  action  with  a  Spanish  squadron 
in  the  Aix  Roads.  He  became  Post- Cap- 
tain in  1810,  and  commanded  successively 
the  Hyperion  42,  Eurotas  38,  and  again 
the  Hyperion,  in  which  he  was  Commo- 
dore at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1822. 
In  Oct.  1823  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Gloucester  74,  bearing  the  broad  pendant 
of  Sir  Edw.  Owen,  with  whom  he  returned 
home  in  March  following.  From  April 
1830  to  March  1833  he  was  CapUin- 
superintendent  of  the  Ordinary  at  Ports- 
mouth. He  was  admitted  to  the  out-pen- 
sion of  Greenwich  Hospital  Feb.  17 1 1837; 
and  advanced  to  the  rank  of  Rear- Admiral 
Oct  1,  1846. 

2T 


322       Rear-Admiral  LilUcrap.'^Sir  F.  Simpkimon,  Q.G.    [SiBpt. 

ivbere  his  immediate  ancetton  had  n- 
sided  for  some  generations,  by  Catharine, 
joangest  daughter  and  coheir  of  Franeia 
Newman,  esq.  of  Cadbnry  Hoase,  Somerset 

He  was  a  member  of  Oriel  coUef  e,  Ox- 
ford, and  graduated  B.A.  Feb.  8,  1812  { 
M.A.  June  15,  1815.  He  was  called  to 
the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of  Lincoln't 
Inn,  May  21 , 1 816 ;  and  went  the  Weatem 
circuit,  practising  also  in  the  Common 
Law  Courts,  and  as  a  special  pleader. 

Mr.  Rogers  was  elected  Recorder  of 
Exeter,  by  the  corporation,  in  1885  \  end 
nominated  a  Queen's  Counsel  in  1837. 
In  1842  he  was  appointed  Deputy  Judge 
Advocate  Oeneral,  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Serjeant  Arabin. 

In  addressing  the  City  Grand  Jury,  at  the 
recent  Exeter  ossixes,  Mr.  Justice  Cole- 
ridge paid  the  following  tribute  to  the  me- 
mory of  the  late  Recorder  :  "  Qentlemen, 
I  Icnew  him,  and  Icnew  him  well,  from  hit 
boyhood  up  to  the  end  of  hit  lifb.  We 
went  to  sehool  together,  we  went  to  tok 
lege  together,  we  joined  the  bar  of  the 
Western  Circuit  nearlr  at  the  same  timoi 
and  we  have  alw^s  liYed  upon  the  best 
of  terms.  I  feel  great  aatisfiiiction  in 
thinking,  and  I  believe  tome  pretent  will 
remember,  that  it  wat  partly  owing  to  my 
recommendation  that  the  corporation  eon- 
ferred  upon  him,  what  they  had  at  that 
time  the  right  to  confer,  the  great  honour 
of  Recorder  of  this  ancient  eity.  His  wat 
the  last  appointment  which  they  had  a 
right  to  make  by  law,  and,  I  beliere,  they 
have  had  no  reason  to  regret  the  exercise 
of  their  discretion  npon  that  last  occasion. 
He  served  you  many  years,  faithftilly  no 
doubt,  and  ably  I  am  sure  every  one  will 
testify.  I  think  I  shall  say  no  more  than 
those  who  are  near  me,  and  had  the  beat 
means  of  judging,  will  agree  with  roe  to 
be  the  simple  truth,  that  whilst  in  the  dia- 
charge  of  his  duty  he  sought  to  be  kind 
and  courteous  to  every  one  he  had  to  deal 
with  ;  to  make  even  the  painful  exercise 
of  his  authority  as  little  disagreeable  at 
possible  ;  in  all  the  graver  and  more  im- 
portant duties  he  was  found  to  be  indus- 
trious, inflexible,  and  impartial ;  able  in 
the  discharge  of  those  grave  duties  whieh 
devolved  upon  him,  at  the  same  time  tem- 
pering the  administration  of  juttice  with 
a  proper  exercise  of  mercy." 

Mr.  Rogers  was  the  author  of  several 
professional  works,  of  whieh  the  principal 


While  in  the  ordinary  at  Portsmouth, 
Captain  Lillicrap  transmitted  to  the  Ad- 
miralty a  model  for  rendering  warping  or 
transporting  buoys  available  to  the  pre- 
servation of  life.  The  plan  was  at  once 
adopted;  and  the  Royal  Humane  Society, 
to  mark  their  appreciation  of  its  utility 
and  merit,  forwarded  to  him  their  me- 
dallion. 

He  married  Dec.  30,  1811,  Frances- 
Adams,  youngest  daughter  of  Giles  Wals- 
ford,  esq.  of  Plymouth,  and  had  issue  six 
sons  and  three  dangliters. 

(A  fuller  detail  of  Resr-Adm.  LUlicrap'a 
services  will  be  found  in  0*Byrne*s  Naval 
Biography.) 

Sir  Francis  Simpkinson,  Q.C. 

July  8.  In  Bedford  place,  aged  70,  Sir 
John  Augustus  Francis  Simpkinson,  Knt. 
one  of  her  Majesty's  Counsel,  a  Bencher 
of  Lincoln's  Inn,  M.A.  and  F.R.S. 

This  gentleman  was  a  member  of  Christ 
church,  Oxford,  where  he  graduated  April 
6, 1802,  and  M.A.  Dec.  17.1804.  He  was 
called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon.  Society  of 
Lincoln's  Inn,  Nov.  15,  1806;  and  be- 
came a  King's  Counsel  in  Trinity  term 
1831.  He  formerly  enjoyed  an  extensive 
practice  in  tithe  causes,  which  before  the 
act  of  1841  were  heard  on  the  Equity  side 
of  the  Exchequer.  He  was  not  latterly 
much  before  the  courts,  but  was  constant 
in  his  attendance  upon  his  duties  as  a 
bencher  of  Lincolo*s-ion.  Being  Trea. 
surer  of  the  Society  in  1845,  he  received 
the  honour  of  knighthood  when  her  Ma- 
jesty opened  the  new  hall  on  the  30th  Oct. 
in  that  year.  His  arms  are  sculptured  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  new  archway,  and 
his  crest,  an  eagle,  over  the  postern  gate 
on  the  west  side.  Sir  Francis  was  highly 
esteemed  for  his  kindliness  of  disposition, 
his  uniform  vivacity,  and  for  his  classical 
attainments.  He  was  very  partial  to  the 
study  of  antiquarian  lore,  especially  in 
connection  mith  ecclesiastical  history  and 
the  law  of  tithes. 

He  married  the  third  daughter  of  John 
Griffin,  esq.  of  Bedford  place,  sister  to 
Lady  Franklin,  and  to  Mrt.  Lewis  Ma- 
jendie,  of  Hedingham  Castle,  Essex. 

F.  J.  N.  Rogers,  Esa.  Q.C. 

Julif  19.  In  Upper  Wim pole-street, 
aged  59,  Francis  James  Newman  Rogers, 
esq.  of  Rainscombe,  Wilts,  M.A.,  Q.C, 
Recorder  of  Exeter,  Deputy  Judge  Advo- 
cate General,  and  a  Bencher  of  the  Inner 
Temple. 

Mr.  Rogers  was  descended  from  the 
ancient  family  of  Rogers,  of  Briaoston, 
CO.  Dorset,  now  the  seat  of  Lord  Port- 
man.  He  was  the  only  surviving  son  of 
the  Rev.  Jamet  Rogers,  oi  Raintcombe, 


were : — 

Remarks  on  the  quetUon  of  Che  right 
to  publish  Froceedingt  on  the  Corooer't 
Inquisition,  1824.     8vo. 

'J  he  Reform  Act,  9  WflL  IV.  c.  S5; 
with  Notes,  Analytical  Teblet,  and  an 
Index,  1832.     18mo. 

On  the  Act  6  Vict.  c.  10,  for  the  Re- 


1851.]      F,  J.  N.  Bogers,  Esq.  Q.C—JRev.  J.  Lingard,  D,D.     823 


gistration  of  Voters,  and  to  define  certain 
Ri/[jhts  of  Voting,  with  an  Analysis  of  the 
Act,  and  Observations,  1843.     12 mo. 

On  the  Law  and  Practice  of  Elections 
and  Election  Committees ;  with  an  Ap- 
pendix containing  the  Acts  of  Parlia- 
ment for  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
brought  down  to  the  end  of  the  Session 
1847.     Seventh  edition,  1847.     12mo. 

Practical  Arrangement  of  Ecclesiastical 
Law.     Second  edition,  1849.     8vo. 

Mr.  Rogers  married  in  1822  Julia-Elea- 
nora,  third  daughter  of  William  Walter 
Yea,  esq.  of  Pyrland  hall,  co.  Somerset, 
and  sister  to  Sir  William  Walter  Yea, 
Bart.;  and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him, 
he  has  left  issue  two  sons  and  three 
daughters. 


Rbv.  John  Linoard,  D.D. 

July  13.  At  Hornby,  near  Lancaster, 
in  his  82d  year,  the  Rev.  John  Lingardi 
D.D.  and  LL.D.  the  Roman- Catholic 
Historian  of  England. 

Dr.  Lingard  was  born  on  the  5th  Feb. 
1769,  in  the  city  of  Winchester,  where 
the  name  of  Lingard  is  of  very  old  stand- 
ing.* He  prosecuted  his  early  studies  at 
Douay,  and  experienced  a  narrow  escape 
from  a  sudden  termination  of  his  career 
on  the  outbreak  of  the  French  Revolution. 
He  has  been  beard  to  narrate  it  nearly  in 
the  following  manner : 

**  When  we  were  about  leaving  Douay 
I  resolved  to  visit  Paris,  for  I  then  thought 
I  might  probably  never  have  another  op- 
portunity, and,  though  it  was  rather  a 
hazardous  experiment,  I  went.  All  went 
on  well  and  safely  till  the  last  day  of  my 
stay,  when  a  miscreant  of  a  bonnet  rouge^ 
who,  by  some  inscrutable  mystery,  saw 
**  Ecclesiastical  student*'  written  on  my 
face,  suddenly  shouted  "  Calotin  .'"  This 
was  from  the  calotte  or  coif — the  black 
skull-cap,  so  commonly  worn  by  the  con- 
tinental clergy.  I  ouickened  my  pace ; 
but  the  cry  continued,  and  at  last  was  ac- 
companied by  the  agreeable  refrain  **  d  la 
lanieme!*'  "  Calotin:  h  la  lanteme r* 
I  darted  up  a  narrow  passage,  followed  by 


*  For  this  and  other  portions  of  this 
memoir  we  are  indebted  to  a  letter  signed 
M.  F.  Lorn  ax,  and  dated  Preston,  July 
25,  which  has  been  published  in  the  Times 
newspaper.  Mr.  Lomax  says,  "  I  dis- 
tinctly recollect  the  Doctor  showing  me 
the  naroe  [of  bis  family]  in  the  Winches- 
ter Book,  among  the  possessors  of  a  house 
and  land  in  the  city  at  the  time  of  the 
Domesday  survey."  We  have  searched 
the  index  to  that  record,  and  do  not  find 
therein  any  nione  nearer  than  Lisgard. 


the  mob,  which  was  now  headed  by  a 
stout  dame  dc  Halle,  In  the  passage  were 
some  posts,  which  1  got  through,  or  over, 
I  cannot  tell  you  which.  I  reached  the 
end  of  the  passage  ;  and,  on  turning  the 
corner,  I  caught  a  view  of  my  pursuers 
and  their  she-captain,  and  saw  that  ma- 
dame,  being,  fortunately  for  me,  possessed 
of  more  ardour  than  circumspection,  had 
stuck  fast  between  the  posts,  and  that  the 
ciloyens,  her  eompanioos,  could  not  ad- 
vance until  the  impediment  was  removed, 
nor  very  easily  retreat,  from  being  so 
closely  packed.  So  I  got  clear  off,  leaving 
them  uU  really  in  what  may  be  called  a 
*fix.*" 

Dr.  Lingard  revisited  France  when 
Bonaparte  was  First  Consul.  In  that 
journey  he  was  accompanied  by  Mr.  Maw- 
man,  the  original  publisher  of  his  history. 
The  Consul  was  very  civil,  and  ordered 
that  Dr.  Lingard  should  have  access  to 
the  documents  he  wanted. 

His  first  appearance  as  an  author  was 
in  the  year  1805,  when  he  wrote  a  series 
of  letters  in  the  Newcastle  Courant,  which 
was  afterwards  collected  under  the  title  of 
"Catholic  Loyalty  Vindicated.*'  1805. 
ISmo.  He  was  then  resident  as  a  priest 
at  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

He  continued  for  some  years  after  to 
write  controversial  works,  of  which  the 
principal  were : 

Remarks  on  a  Charge  delivered  to  the 
Clergy  of  the  Diocese  of  Durham,  by 
Shute,  Bishop  of  Durham.  1807. 

A  general  Vindication  of  the  Remarks 
on  the  Charge  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham  ; 
containing  a  reply  to  a  Letter  from  a 
Clergyman  of  the  Diocese  of  Durham  ;  a 
reply  to  the  Observations  of  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Le  Mesurier ;  a  reply,  to  the 
Strictures  of  the  Rev.  G.  S.  Faber;  and 
some  Observations  on  the  more  fashion- 
able methods  of  Interpreting  the  Apoca- 
lypse. 1808. 

Documents  to  ascertain  the  sentiments 
of  British  Catholics  in  former  ages  respect- 
ing the  Power  of  the  Popes.  1812. 

A  R^iew  of  certain  Anti-Catholic  pub- 
lications. 1813. 

Strictures  on  Dr.  Marsh's  Comparative 
View  of  the  Churches  of  Ecglaud  and 
Rome.  1815. 

His  controversial  tracts,  "  on  several 
subjects  connected  with  the  civil  and  reli- 
gious principles  of  Catholics,''  were  three 
times  collected  into  a  volume,  first  in  1813 
and  the  third  time  in  1825. 

He  was  also  the  author  of  "  Catecheti- 
cal Instructions  on  the  Doctrines  and 
Worship  of  the  Catholic  Church,"  of 
which  have  been  several  editions. 

An  anonymous  English  version  of  the 
New  Testament,  which  was  published  b^ 


324 


Obituary. — Rev,  John  Lingardi  DJ), 


[Sept 


Dolman  in  1836,  was  the  work  of  Dr. 
lingard.  It  is  said  to  be  accurate  and 
faithful  in  many  passages  where  the  Douay 
translation  is  faulty. 

In  1809  Dr.  Lingard  published  his  '*  An- 
tiquities of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Church  ; ''  a 
work  which  Southey  pronounced  to  be  not 
more  full  of  erudition  than  of  Catholic 
sophistry  and  misrepresentation.  This  was 
foUowed  by  his  great  work,  "  The  History 
of  England  from  the  first  Invasion  of  the 
Romans  to  the  year  1688,** — printed  first 
1819-25  in  six  volumes  quarto — for  a 
second  time  1823-31,  in  fourteen  volumes 
octavo— and  in  1849-50,  with  the  last  cor- 
rections of  its  author,  in  ten  volumes,  be- 
ing the  fifth  edition  of  the  work. 

Dr.  Lingard  has  beeo  characterized  by 
Mr.  Hallam,  in  his  "  Constitutional  His- 
tory,'* as  *'  a  late  writer  whose  acntcness 
and  industry  would  raise  him  to  a  very 
respectable  place  among  our  historians,  if 
he  could  have  repressed  the  inveterate  par- 
tiality of  his  profession  :  *'  while  Mr.  Ma- 
caulay  has  spoken  of  him  in  his  essays  as 
"  undoubtedly  a  very  able  and  well-in- 
formed writer, — but  whose  fundamental 
rule  of  judging  seems  to  be  that  the  popu- 
lar opinion  on  an  historical  question  can- 
not possibly  be  correct." 

Dr.  Lingard's  History  is  the  composi- 
tion of  an  able  writer,  one  who  has  opened 
fields  of  inquiry  previously  unexplored, 
and  has  given  a  new  and  often  correct  turn 
to  facts  of  moment.  There  is  not  a  chapter 
throughout  his  many  volumes  in  which  to 
Protestant  feelings  a  Romanist  bias  is  not 
manifest,  and  as  a  general  history  the  work 
is  on  many  points  extremely  defective  and 
imperfect;  but  still  Dr.  Lingard'a  work 
will  continue  to  be  read  and  studied  as  the 
Romanist  version  of  an  important  story, 
told  with  calmness,  in  simple,  forcible,  un- 
affected style,  and  by  one  who  possessed 
in  a  very  remarkable  degree  the  power  of 
condensation  and  abridgment. 

Dr.  Lingard  was  once  offered  a  cardi- 
nal's hat,  and  he  has  been  heard  to  give 
the  following  account  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  dignity  was  offered  to  4iim  by 
Pope  Leo  XII. : — 

"  Cardinal  Litta  called  on  me  one  morn- 
ing at  the  English  College  (Rome),  and 
told  me  it  was  the  Pope*s  wish  that  I 
should  be  a  Cardinal.  Now,  this  was  not 
at  all  in  my  way,  so  I  said  I  could  not  ac- 
cept it,  as  it  was  my  intention  to  return 
to  England,  and  go  on  with  my  History. 
He  said  that  probably  his  Holiness  might 
overcome  that  resolution,  and  that  I  was 
to  go  to  the  Vatican  the  following  day.  I 
did  so,  and,  after  going  through  many 
large  apartments,  was  shown  into  a 
imaller  one,  where,  seated  in  such  a  po- 
lition  with  respect  to  the  door  that  I  did 


not  perceive  him  on  the  first  entering,  was 
his  Holiness  Leo  XII.     He  received  me 
very  kindly,  seemed  amused  at  my  walk- 
ing into  the  middle  of  the  room,  and  then 
suddenly  turning  round  and  perceiving 
him,  and  immediately  broached  the  sub- 
ject.    He  said  he  wished  me  to  become 
Cardinal  Protector  of  the  English  mis- 
sions.-    I  told  him  I  could  not  undertake 
anything  of  the  sort,  that  I  possessed  none 
of  the  qualifications  necessary  for  such  an 
office,  and  that  it  would  quite  put  a  stop 
to  the  progress  of  my  History.     His  Ho- 
liness replied  that  I  must  live  in  Rome, 
that  whatever  could  only  be  got  in  Eng- 
land might  possibly  be  procured,  perhaps 
without  much  diflSculty,  and  that  whatever 
influence  he  possessed  in  other  countries 
should  be    at  my   service  in   procuring 
MSS.,  &c,  for  my  purpose.     I  then  said 
I  did  not  possess  the  means  that  were,  in 
my  opinion,  necessary  properly  to  main- 
tain that  dignity ;  to  which  he  replied  that 
that  objection  could  be  easily  obviated. 
Still  I  remained  obstinate,  but  even  at  our 
parting  interview  he  returned  to  the  sub- 
ject, and  said  I  should  be  a  cardinal  in 
peiio.    This  I  did  not  care  about,  so  long 
as  it  was  to  remain  there  (t.  e.  a  secret  in 
the  Pope's  breast).** 

Had  Dr.  Lingard  desired  any  eoclesi* 
astical  dignity,  he  might  easily  have  been 
gratified ;  but  a  life  of  ''  illustrious  ob- 
scurity," as  it  has  been  well  termed,  was 
more  consonant  to  his  taste  and  disposition, 
and  he  never  at  any  time  would  consent 
to  meddle  in  ecclesiastical  government. 
His  opinion  may  have  been  occasionally 
asked,  and  when  given  could  not  fail  to 
be  received  with  respect ;  but  it  was  well 
known  and  understood  that  he  did  not 
wish  to  be  consulted  on  these  subjects, 
nor  that  his  general  occnpations  should 
receive  any  interruption. 

In  his  personal  character  and  demean- 
our he  was  most  gentle,  kind,  and  oblig- 
ing, and  in  the  quiet  village  and  neigh- 
bourhood to  which  be  had  retired  be  was 
a  universal  favourite,  totally  independent 
of  his  literary  reputation.  Such  a  thing 
as  a  religious  feud  was  never  heard  of 
during  the  whole  40  years  he  lived  at 
Hornby.  With  the  late  incumbent  of  the 
church  (whom  he  survived  only  a  few 
years)  he  lived  in  the  continual  inter- 
change of  all  the  kind  offices  of  friendship 
and  good  neighbourhood,  and  when  that 
respected  clergyman  was  dying  he  be- 
queathed his  guinea-fowls  and  domestic 
pets  to  his  Catholic  friend  and  neighbour, 
because  "he  knew  Dr.  Lingard  woidd 
take  care  of  them.*'  Among  other  indi- 
cations of  a  kind  and  gentle  heart,  may  be 
mentioned  Dr.  Lingard*s  great  faamanity 
to  the  brate  creation.    la  conversation 


1851.] 


Obituary. — Joseph  Rogerson,  Esq, 


325 


and  general  manner  he  was  always  lively » 
cheerful,  and  facetious,  with  a  continual 
flow  of  good  spirits  and  vivacity. 

Dr.  Liugard's  portrait  was  painted  by 
James  Lonsdale,  and  an  engraving  by 
Henry  Cousins  was  published  in  1836. 

His  body  has  been  deposited  in  the  ceme- 
tery of  St.  Cuthbert's  college  at  Ushaw 
near  Durham,  to  which  institution  he  has 
bequeathed  his  library. 


Joseph  Rogerson,  Esq. 

May  11.  At  his  residence,  Elm  Bank 
House,  Barnes,  Surrey,  in  his  66th  year, 
Joseph  Rogerson,  esq.  proprietor  of  the 
Mark  Lane  Express  and  of  the  Farmer's 
Magazine. 

Mr.  Rogerson  was  born  at  Sotby  in 
Lincolnshire.  Born  in'  a  county  now 
famous  before  all  others  for  the  pursuits 
of  agriculture,  Mr.  Rogerson  himself  came 
of  a  family  even  then  renowned  for  their 
breed  of  stock  and  system  of  farming.  It 
is  not  surprising,  then,  that  he  should 
have  determined  on  adopting  the  same 
kind  of  life.  He  was,  in  fact,  in  every 
way  singularly  fitted  for  the  occupation  : 
his  natural  taste,  as  well  as  education, 
gave  him  a  leaning  towards  it ;  while  his 
acknowledged  excellence  as  a  judge  of 
cattle,  of  sheep  and  horses,  as  well  as  of 
beasts,  warrant  the  belief  that  he  must 
have  eventually  succeeded,  had  circum- 
stances allowed  him  to  persevere  in  the 
business.  This,  however,  was  not  ordained 
to  be.  The  worst  of  all  difficulties — those 
which  meet  the  young  man  at  his  start  in 
life — soon  crowded  on  Mr.  Rogerson.  His 
best  energies  were  cramped  ;  the  benetit 
of  the  improvements  he  had  effected  denied 
him  ;  and,  in  a  word,  his  hopes  and  aspi- 
rations of  succeeding  in  the  life  of  his 
fathers  harshly  dealt  with.  In  a  spirit  of 
determination,  highly  characteristic  of  the 
man,  he  himself  pronounced  them  at  once 
destroyed  ;  and,  with  equal  promptitude 
of  action,  he  bade  adieu  to  his  native 
county,  resolved  to  begin  the  battle  of  life 
again  in  London.  There  was  little  en- 
couragement for  this  step.  His  means 
had  necessarily  decreased,  and  there  was 
not  one  friendly  hand  in  the  wide  me- 
tropolis held  out  to  welcome  him.  But 
his  own  counsel  was  his  adviser — his  own 
genius  and  activity  his  only  patrons.  He 
soon  engaged  in  an  entirely  new  occupa- 
tion, in  which,  in  comparatively  a  short 
time,  he  found  himself  eminently  success- 
ful. Still  the  pursuit  was  not  without  its 
drawbacks,  and  obstacles  again  intervening, 
he  was  induced  to  attempt  another  change, 
and  enter  on  the  business  of  a  printer. 
How,  without  any  previous  preparation, 
he  proved  himself  equal  to  the  duties  of 
this  station,  may  be  determined  by  the 


result.  The  same  quick  perception,  sound 
judgment,  and  even  temper,  ensured  his 
w^ell-doing;  and,  while  he  daily  added  to 
his  connection,  he  as  surely  gained  the 
esteem  and  attachment  of  those  who  served 
under  him. 

But  the  mere  routine  of  superintending 
the  work  of  a  printing-office  was  not 
enough  for  a  man  of  Mr.  Rogerson's  mind 
and  capability,  and  he  again  sought  a 
wider  scope  to  employ  his  energies.  With 
a  taste,  or  rather  love,  still  as  strong  as 
ever  for  that  pursuit  in  which  he  had  Veen 
born  and  bred,  he  sought  once  more  for 
some  direct  association  with  it.  In  con- 
junction, then,  with  his  elder  brother,  and 
others  whose  early  life  had  equally  in- 
clined them  to  the  study  of  rural  affairs, 
Mr.  Rogei*son,  some  twenty  years  since, 
established  the  Mark  Lane  Express,  and, 
from  its  reception,  a  very  few  years  after- 
wards commenced  the  Farmer's  Maga- 
zine. In  both  these  publications  the 
formation  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  So- 
ciety •  of  England  was  unceasingly  ad- 
vocated ;  and  when  that  body  received  its 
charter,  Mr.  Rogerson  at  once  became  a 
Governor,  and  so  continued  to  the  time  of 
his  decease.  He  also  took  an  active  part 
in  the  establishment  of  the  Royal  Farmers* 
Insurance  Office,  of  which  he  was  ap- 
pointed Chairman,  and  to  whose  interests, 
so  long  as  health  and  strength  permitted 
him,  he  devoted  unremitting  attention. 

As  another  instance  of  how  continually 
his  thoughts  and  pleasures  turned  towards 
a  country  life,  it  may  be  mentioned  that 
for  some  years  he  persevered — hopelessly 
as  it  seemed — with  a  Monthly  Calendar 
of  Field  Sports,  but  that  eventually  the 
long-established  "Sporting  Magazine*' 
came  into  his  possession. 

During  the  latter  part  of  his  life  he  suf- 
fered severely  from  paralysis ;  but  that 
spirit,  which  had  never  previously  allowed 
him  to  repine,  supported  him  here,  and, 
beyond  an  occasional  irritability,  he  showed 
little  interruption  in  the  use  of  those  high 
faculties  which  had  so  long  and  deservedly 
distinguished  him.  As  a  husband,  a  father, 
a  friend,  or  a  master,  alike  is  his  memory 
to  be  revered ;  while  his  good  fortune  was 
gathered  together  in  no  heap,  but  brought 
good  to  all  that  were  grouped  around  him. 
Mr.  Rogerson  having  thus  obtained  those 
"  worthy  ends  and  expectations,*'  which 
Lord  Bacon  has  termed  the  sweetest  satis- 
factions a  man  can  look  back  upon  at  the 
hour  of  death,  the  struggling  spirit,  at  its 
departure,  left,  as  a  cheering  remembrance 
to  his  sorrowing  family,  the  clear  eviden- 
ces of  those  Christian  principles  which 
became  more  brightly  developed  at  the 
close  of  his  mortal  career.--(From  the 
Farmer's  Magazine  for  July,  which  Is 
illastrated  with  Mr.  Rogerson's  portrait.) 


826    Obituary.— 77io*.  W.  Hilly  Bsq.^-'Mrs,  Harriet  Lee,     [Sept. 

in  English,  1783  ;  The  Hermit's  Tale,  a 
ballad,  1787  ,*  and  the  Life  of  a  Lover,  a 
novel,  in  six  volumes,  1804.  Of  these 
works  fuller  particulars  will  be  found  in 
the  memoir*  of  Mrs.  Sophia  Lee,  which 
was  given  in  our  Magazine  on  her  death 
in  1824,  vol.  xciv.  ii.  88. 

Harriet  appeared  on  the  literary  stage 
a  few  years  after  her  sister.  Her  first 
work  was  "  The  Error  of  Innocence,"  a 
novel,  in  five  volumes,  1786.  In  1787 
she  produced  "  The  New  Peerage ;  or, 
Our  Eyes  may  Deceive  us ; "  a  comedy. 

She  was  the  principal  author  of  The 
Canterbury  Tales,  published  in  fire  Tolumea 
1797-1805  ;  her  sister^s  onW  contribu- 
tions being  the  Young  Lady's  Tale  and 
the  Clergyman's.  Though  harmonising 
in  mind,  the  two  sisters  were  unlike  in 
style,  and  one  did  not  usually  assist  in  the 
writings  of  the  other.  The  tale  of**  Kreots- 
ner,"  by  Mrs.  H.  Lee,  suggested  to  Lord 
Byron  his  tragedy  of  Werner,  and  in  its 
preface  he  acknowledged  that  "  the  germ 
of  much  he  had  written  was  discernible 
in  that  popular  Romance." 

Those  whose  gratification  it  was  to 
know  Mrs.  H.  Lee,  and  to  enjoy  her  re« 
markable  conversational  powers,  could 
trace  in  her  clear  depth  of^  judgment  and 
intellect,  her  vigorous  and  oomprehensive 
memory,  and  facility  of  arrangement,  that 
combination  of  the  gifts  of  genius,  without 
which  the  tale  of  **  Kreutsner  "  could  not 
have  been  written.  It  displays  an  ever- 
working  imagination  weaving  its  beautiful 
tissues,  an  insight  into  human  motives, 
aud  a  power  of  pursuing  them  into  the 
very  recesses  of  the  heart,  and  drawing 
them  forth  in  all  their  varieties,  to  play 
with  characteristic  certainty  the  parts  that 
develope  the  preconceived  plot  and  moral 
of  the  tnle. 

Mrs.  Harriet  Lee's  other  works  were 
Clara  Lennox,  a  novel  in  two  volumes, 
1797  ;  and  The  Mysterious  Marriage,  or 
the  Heirship  of  Roselva,  a  play,  1798. 

She  was  the  friend  of  another  literary 
sisterhood — Jane  and  Anna- Maria  Porteti 
who  were  her  neighbours  at  Bristol.  More 
intimate  friends  she  mourned  years  tfp, 
in  the  elder  portion  of  the  Kemble  family 
— Mrs.  Siddons  and  John  Kemble. 

The  two  sisters  were  among  the  first  to 
predict  the  eminence  of  Sir  T.  I.iawrence, 
who  in  his  after-life,  in  acknowledgment 
of  their  kindness,  and  as  a  memorial  of 
hid  regard  and  friendship,  presented  to 


Thomas  Wright  Hill,  Esq. 

June  13.  At  Tottenham,  Middlesex, 
aged  88,  Thomas  Wright  Hill,  esq. 

He  was  the  founder  of  the  school  at 
Hazelwood,  near  Birmingham,  the  system 
of  which  was  described  in  a  volume  en- 
titled, *•  Public  Education.  Plans  for  the 
Government  and  Liberal  Instruction  of 
Boys  in  large  numbers."  At  first  pub- 
lished anonymously  in  1822,  and  after- 
wards announcing  the  name  of  Hazelwood 
School  in  8vo.  1825. 

This  book  (in  its  first  edition)  was  re- 
viewed in  the  41st  volume  of  the  Edin- 
burgh Review. 

In  1824  a  monthly  magazine  was  set  on 
foot  in  the  school,  called  "  The  Hazel- 
wood  Magazine."  This  was  continued 
until  the  end  of  1830. 

In  the  year  1827  Mr.  HUl,  and  his 
sons,  purchased  the  ancient  mansion  of 
Bruce  Castle,  at  Tottenham,  which  they 
opened  as  a  branch  establishment  of  Ha- 
zlewood,  which,  after  some  years,  was 
wholly  removed  thither.  It  is  still  con- 
ducted with  much  success  by  his  son,  Mr. 
Arthur  Hill. 

The  eldest  son  of  the  deceased  is  Mr. 
Matthew  Davenport  Hill,  Q.C.,  the  Re- 
corder of  Birmingham,  lately  appointed 
one  of  the  Commissioners  in  Bankruptcy. 
Another  of  his  sons  is  Mr.  Rowland  Hill, 
author  of  the  postage  reformation ;  and 
the  fourth  is  Mr.  Frederick  Hill,  now  as- 
sistant-secretary to  his  brother,  known  for 
many  years  past  as  a  valuable  public 
officer  in  prison  inspection.  Another  son, 
Mr.  Edwin  liill,  has  achieved  an  honour- 
able celebrity  as  one  of  the  joint  inventors 
and  patentees  of  the  envelope  folding  ma- 
chine, which  has  so  much  interested  the 
public  at  the  Great  Exhibition. 

We  are  informed  that  some  of  the  pa- 
pers left  in  manuscript  by  Mr.  Hill  will 
be  collected  in  a  volume,  and  perhaps  ac- 
companied by  a  biographical  memoir. 

Mrs.  HAaniET  Lee. 

Auff.  1.  In  Vyvyan  terrace,  Clifton,  in 
her  95th  year,  Mrs.  Harriet  Lee,  one  of 
the  authors  of  '•  The  Canterbury  Tales.** 

Sophia  and  Harriet  Lee  were  the 
daughters  of  Mr.  John  Lee,  a  performer 
at  Covent  Garden  Theatre.  Soon  after 
their  father's  death  they  opened  a  school 
called  Belvidere  House  in  Bath,  which 
they  carried  on  for  many  years  with  con. 
siderable  success. 

Sophia  was  the  author  of  the  Chapter 
of  Accidents,  a  comedy  performed  at  the 
Haymarket  in  1780  ;  Almeyda,  a  tragedy, 
in  which  Mrs.  Siddons  personated  the 
heroine,  in  1796;  Assignation,  a  comedy 
acted  at  Drury  Lane  in  1807  ;  The  Recess, 

Midto  )MTf  bee&^t  firftbittoricalraflMnce 


*  The  novel  which  was  falsely  published 
in  her  name,  as  there  alluded  to,  was 
"  Ormond ;  or,  The  Debauchee,  1810," 
which  we  now  mention,  becanae  it  is  still 
attributed  to  her  in  Watt*e  Bibliothcca 
9rit»iM>ta. 


1851.] 


Clergy  Deceased, 


m 


them  the  portraits  of  Mri.  Siddons  and 
John  Kemble,  and  the  more  valuable 
portrait  (one  of  lus  very  best)  of  their 
friend  Gen.  Paoli.  Mrs.  Lee  retained  her 
large  and  clear  facnlties  to  nearly  the  last 
moment  of  her  life. 


Mr.  Pig  Cianchcttinz. 

July  SI.  At  Cheltenham,  in  his  52nd 
year,  Mr.  Pio  Cianchettini. 

He  was  born  in  London  on  the  1 1th 
Dec.  1 799«  and  was  the  second  son  of  F. 
Cianchettini,  of  Rome,  and  of  Veronica 
Dussek.  When  only  five  years  old  he 
performed  in  public  a  sonata  of  his  own 
composition  in  the  Opera  concert- room  in 
London  ;  after  which  he  travelled  with  his 
father  through  Germany,  Holland,  and 
France,  in  each  of  which  countries  he  ex- 
hibited his  extraordinary  talents  with  great 
success,  and  was  even  called  "Mozart 
Britannicus/'  On  his  return  to  London 
he  continued  his  studies,  and  at  eight 
years  old  spoke  perfectly  well  the  French, 
English,  Italian,  and  German  languagei. 
Immediately  after  this  age  he  commenced 
the  composition  of  various  instrumental 
pieces,  amongst  the  rest  a  grand  concerto, 
which  he  executed  at  a  concert  in  London 
in  180D,  receiving  the  greatest  applause. 
Cianchettini  attended  Madame  Uatalini, 
when  first  in  England,  in  several  of  her 
musical  tours,  acting  as  composer  and 
conductor  of  her  concerts;  and  was  re- 
engaged by  that  celebrated  singer  and 
actress  on  her  return  to  England  in  1822. 

Cianchettini  married  a  daughter  of  the 
late  Mr.  Thomas  Everill,  baker,  of  Wor- 
cester, and  has  left  an  only  son,  now 
about  twelve  years  of  age,  and  of  whose 
acquirements  report  speaks  most  favour- 
ably. It  is  hoped  that  some  friends  of 
the  deceased  will  procure  his  admission  to 
a  musical  academy. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

May  30.  Aged  85,  the  Rev.  Thomai  Jtrrom^ 
principal  of  the  Money  Schools,  Bombay,  lata  of 
Ockbrook,  Derby«hirt;. 

June  1 4.  At  ErinUale,  Upper  Canada,  aged  85, 
the  Rev.  Janiii  Mugrath^  M.A.  Trinity  college, 
Dublin,  for  many  years  Rector  of  the  township  of 
Toronto,  previously  Rector  of  Shankill,  diocete  of 
Leighlin,  and  formerly  of  Castlerea,  Roiicommon. 
Daring  the  Irish  Rebellion,  in  1798,  he  was  curate 
of  Killenvoy,  CO,  Roscommon,  and  in  consequence 
of  his  exertions  in  discovering  what  was  called  the 
shocking  conspiracy,  the  then  Secretary  of  State 
for  Irehmd  authorised  him  to  offer  any  reward  he 
thought  necessary,  in  order  to  procure  further 
information  regarduig  that  treasonable  design. 
As  an  acknowledgment  of  his  well>timed  and 
loyal  services,  Mr.  >Iagrath  was  presented  by  the 
tlien  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  Marquess  Com- 
wallis,  with  the  living  of  St.  Kill,  co.  Kilkenny. 
He  held  commissions  oif  the  peace  for  seven  coun- 
ties, and  was  deputy-governor  of  the  county  of 
Roscommon.  In  May,  18S7,  Mr.  Blagrath  arrived 
in  Canada,  and  in  the  same  year  was  preferred  to 
the  rectory  of  the  Credit,  which  he  held  till  the 


rod  of  his  decease.  In  addition  to  the  dntias  of 
Pet«r's  church,  he  for  many  years  offleiatea 
at  Hurontario  church,  on  the  Centre  Road.  I&r. 
Magrath  was  the  senior  missionary,  and  the  oMesI 
clergyman  in  the  diocese  of  Toronto. 

June  30.  At  Kingston,  Jamaica,  the  Rev.  Jamn 
Dauson.  Rector  of  St.  John*8,  hi  that  island,. 

/tt/y  3.  Aged  66,  the  Rev.  T.  MarAaU^  Ctirate 
of  Eccleston,  Lancashire. 

July  4.  jiatH  65,  the  Rev.  Joseph  OaU^  for  te 
years  Incumbent  of  Bidstone,  Cheshire. 

JtUy  G.  At  Legnan,  British  Guiana,  aged  34, 
the  Rev.  WiUiam  HamUton,  Rector  of  St.  Peter's, 
Leguan,  formerly  of  New  Inn  Hall,  Oxford.  B  Jk. 
1842,  M.A.  1849.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Cliarlts 
Hamilton,  esq.  late  of  Exeter. 

July  9.  Aged  65,  the  Rtr.John  Tr%i^«,  Reetor 
of  Chevinffton  and  Hargrave,  Suffolk.  Both  livhi^ 
were  in  his  own  patronage,  and  he  had  hdd  them 
for  about  thirty-two  years. 

July  10.  At  Stonehouse,  the  Rev.  Robert  Francis 
Stapytton  Bree^  Vicar  of  Thitagel  and  a  magistrate 
for  the  county  of  Cornwall;  and  formerly  of 
Sydenham,  Kent.  Re  was  the  third  and  yonngett 
son  of  the  Rev.  John  Bree,  Rector  of  Mark's  fey, 
Essex,  by  Anne,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Shr  Marttai 
Stapylton,  of  Myton,  co.  York,  Bart,  and  was  hro> 
ther  to  Martin  Bree,  who  took  the  name  of  8ta- 
pylton  on  the  death  of  his  uncle  Shr  Martin  8ta^ 
pylton,  the  eighth  and  last  Baronet,  and  was 
rather  of  the  present  Stapylton  Stapylton,  esq.  of 
Myton,  He  was  presented  to  Tintagel  by  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Windsor  hi  1885. 

At  the  glebe,  Glenavy,  co.  Antrim,  aged  70,  the 
Rev.  Rou  Jebb. 

July  15.  At  Compton  vicarage,  near  Salisbury, 
the  Rev.  Edward  Player. 

July  16.  At  Whichester,  aged  36.  the  Rev. 
Richard  JeHon  Ogle^  M.A.  Fellow  of  Lincoln  ool- 
lege,  Oxford. 

July  17.  Aged  81,  the  Rev.  Edwxrd  PhUHptt 
Incumbent  of  East  Tytherley,  Hants  (1802).  fibs 
was  of  Magdalene  college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1799. 
He  had  faithfully  performed  his  parochial  duties 
for  nearly  fifty  years,  and  had  deeUned  prefenneot, 
though  his  income  was  small. 

July  18.  At  Waddhigton,  Line,  aged  56,  the 
Rev.  Charles  John  Meredith,  Rector  of  that  pariah 
(1848),  and  hite  Fellow  of  Uneohi  college,  Oxford. 

At  Pitney,  Somerset,  aged  74,  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Shaw,  Rector  of  High  Ham  (1803),  in  the  same 
county. 

July  19.  At  Kelloe,  Durham,  aged  74,  the  Rev. 
RoUrt  Birkett,  Vicar  of  that  parish  (1814).  He 
was  fisther  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Birkett,  B.D.  Fellow 
of  Emmanuel  collie,  Cambridge. 

At  Ludlow,  the  Rev.  Arthur  WUHt,  Head  Maettr 
of  King  Edward  the  Sixth's  grammar-school,  and 
evening  lecturer  at  St.  Lawrence's  church,  in 
that  town .  He  was  of  Trinity  college ,  Cambridge, 
B.A.  1828,  M.A.  1831 ;  and,  previously  to  his  elec- 
tion to  Ludlow  school,  held  the  third  mastership  at 
Shrewiibury  under  the  distinguished  Dr.  Kennedy. 
He  married  June  27,  1840,  Marianne,  widow  of 
Capt.  SerJeantKon,  of  the  40th  regt. 

July  20.  At  Clifton,  aged  39.  the  Rev.  Dredtrick 
Myers,  Incumbent  of  St.  John's  church,  Keswick, 
Cumberland  (1839),  and  late  Fellow  of  CUu« 
hall,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1833,  M.A.  1836.  He  mar- 
ried, in  1839,  Fanny,  youngest  dau.  of  J.  C.  Lucas 
Calcraft,  esq.  of  Ancaster,  co.  Lincoln,  who  died 
in  1840 ;  and  secondly,  hi  1842,  Susao-Harriet, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  htte  John  Marshall,  esq.  M.P. 
for  Yorkshire,  and  sister  to  Lady  Monteagie  and 
Mrs.  Whewell. 

July  24.  The  Rev.  Charles  Arthur  Albany  Ihyd, 
Rector  of  Whlttington  (1809)  and  Vicar  of  Selattyn 
(1846),  Salop.  He  was  of  TrUiity  college,  Cam* 
bridge,  B.A.  1806,  M.A.  1809. 

July  26.  At  Messina,  Sioly,  the  Rev.  Matihtm 
Ihraie  BaMngton,  Incumbent  of  St.  George's  chapel , 
Whitwiek  (1828),  and  of  the  Oaks  chapel,  Cham- 
wood  Forest,  Ldc.  and  Rural  Dean.  He  was  the 
only  son  of  the  Rev.  Matthew  Babington,  fiannerly 


328 


Obituary. 


[Sept- 


Vicar  of  Rotbley,  Ia'Ic.  by  Elizabeth,  only  child  of 
Kicliard  Rob(;rti)  Drake,  cmq.  of  Leicester.  He  wa» 
of  Trhiity  college,  Ciunbridge,  B.A.  IBl'i,  M.A. 
181ti.  He  married,  in  1820,  Hannah,  daughter  of 
B.  Fleetwood  Churchill,  esq.  of  Northampton,  and 
bad  iiwuo  one  Ron,  Churchill  Babington,  of  St. 
John's  college,  Cunibridgc. 

At  Wellsbonme,  Warw.  aged  rri^  the  Rev.  /'/r- 
tlend  Totnisend^  eighth  and  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Gore  Townsend,  esq.  of  Honington  Hall,  in 
that  county,  ])y  Lady  Elizabeth  Windsor,  second 
daughter  of  Other-Lewis  fourth  Earl  of  Plymouth. 

Jufy  27.  At  Flcuipton,  near  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
in  his  72d  year,  the  Rev.  AUfxamler  Brotrne,  M.A. 
of  Bran  ton,  Nortliumberland,  and  Rector  of 
Hempton  with  Hengrave  (1845). 

July  30.  At  SancrecMl,  Cornwall,  aged  70,  the 
Rev.  Henry  Comifn,  Vicar  of  tliat  parish  (1837). 
He  was  of  Christ  church,  Oxford,  B.A.  1799, 
M.A.  1808. 

Aged  54,  the  Rev.  Ptobeit  Charles  William  IViU- 
inson^  Curate  of  Mi<ldlcton,  Lancashire.  He  was 
of  Trinity  college,  Camb,  B.A.  1821,  M.A.  1825. 

JulySl.  At  Swinncrton,  Stutf.  aged  69,  the  J{ev. 
ChriHojiher  JkxMey,  Rector  of  that  place.  He  was 
j-ounger  brother  of  W.  IKxIsley  Flam^tead.  es*i.  of 
Little  Hallam,  co.  Derby,  and  formerly  of  tlic 
Royal  Dragoons. 

AuiJ.  2.  At  liCighton,  Salop,  aged  78,  tlio  Rev. 
Robert  Madilocks,  Vicar  of  that  place  (1816),  and 
Rector  of  Sidburv  (1819).  He  whs  of  Pembroke 
college,  Oxford,  b'.A.  1797. 

v4f/(A  4.  At  Alphingtou.  Devon,  aged  71,  the 
Rev.  Uichard  Ellirotiibe,  Rector  of  that  parWi,  and 
Prebendary  of  Exeter.  He  was  the  second  sur- 
viving son  of  the  Rev.  William  EUicombe,  who  b:ul 
been  the  i)revious  R(»ctor  of  Alphingtou  51  years, 
whose  death,  at  the  age  of  8(5,  occurred  in  Ajiril 
1831,  by  his  wife  Hannah  Rous.  Tlie  kte  Rector 
was  of  Exeter  college,  Oxfonl.and  graduated  B.A. 
1802,  M.A.  IS  1 1 .  By  his  wife  Eliza,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  the  late  Rev.  John  Swete,  of  Oxton  House, 
Devon,  he  has  left  one  son,  and  a  daughter  niar- 
rie<l  to  Wjiltcr  Copleston  Ratclitrc.ejiti.  of  Wnrlelgh, 
CO.  Devon.  His  remains  were  followed  to  the 
grave  by  a  numerous  Innly  of  his  i>urishioners, 
male  and  female,  wlio  had  voluntarily  assembled 
to  Join  the  members  of  his  family  in  paying  this 
last  token  of  respect  to  their  pastor,  mIio,  in  tlie 
midst  of  the  enjoyment  of  vigorous  liealth,  had 
been  suddenly  removed  from  them  after  a  few 
hours'  illness. 

Atuj.  19.  At  Radwell,  Herts,  aged  70,  the  Re^ . 
ClutrUs  Jolm  Spencer ^  M.A.  for  27  years  Curate 
and  for  17  years  Rector  of  tliat  parish,  and  for  43 
years  Curate  of  Edworth,  Beds.  He  >vas  the  last 
8ur>i\ing  son  of  the  Rev.  Edward  SiK'neer,  K*e<"tor 
of  Wink tield,  Wilts. 


DEATHS, 

AHUANUKI>  IN  CUaONOLO(ilCAL  OllDElt. 

Atuj.  25,  1850.  At  Adelaide,  S.  Australia,  aged 
47,  Capt.  Charles  William  Litchtleld,  Inspector  of 
Police,  leaving  a  widow  and  nine  children. 

Jan.  10, 1851 .  MaJor-(;eneral  ( Jcorge  Dean  Pitt, 
K.H.  commanding  the  trof)i>s  in  New  Zealand. 
He  entered  the  Royal  African  corps  as  CJcorge 
Dean  in  18ai.  In  1807  he  ser\'ed  in  the  West 
Indies,  and  was  i»re?tent  at  the  capture  of  the 
Danish  islands  in  tliat  year.  He  served  at  tlie 
capture  of  Martinique  in  iKoy.  From  181 1  to  1814 
he  served  in  the  Peninsular  war,  and  was  present 
at  Albuera,  in  tlie  actions  at  I'sarge  and  Almarez, 
the  siege  of  l>udaj(»z,  the  battles  of  Vittoria,  Pani- 
peluna,  and  the  PjTenoes,  for  whii-li  lie  had  re- 
ceived the  war  medal  an<l  four  clasps.  In  1836  lie 
was  nominatcil  a  Knight  of  Hanover,  in  18.37  1k«- 
camc  C(»loneI  in  the  army  and  Inspecting  Field 
Ottlcer  of  tlie  Leeds  ReiTuiting  District,  and  in  Jan. 
1840  removetl  to  London  as  Superintendent  of  the 
Itecrniting  DepHrtment,  which  offlec  he  held  until 
hU  promotion  to  Major-<.t«neral  Nov.  9,  1810.    In 

13 


Jan.  following  he  was  appointed  to  the  command 
of  the  troops  in  New  Zealand.  He  took  the  addi- 
tional name  of  Pitt  in  or  before  1819. 

Feb.  25.  At  Hobart  Town,  James  Ebenezer  Bi- 
eheno,  esq.  barristcr-at-law,  Colonial  Secretary  of 
\'an  Diemen's  Land,  formerly  of  Tymacn,  P^, 
(Glamorganshire.  He  was  called  to  the  liar  of  the 
Middle  Temple  May  17, 1822. 

March  14.  In  Jersey,  aged  73,  Colonel  Daniel 
Falla.  He  served  in  Egypt  In  1801,  waa  at  Wal- 
cheren  on  Lord  Chatham's  staff,  and  at  the  degc 
of  I'lushintr.  In  1822  he  ii^-as  appointed  Town 
Major  at  Gibrultar,  which  post  he  held  for  many 
years,  and  attaineil  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  1888. 

On  his  passage  from  Ceylon,  aged  21,  EuBcUas 
Hamilton ,  second  son  of  the  late  Kev.  Allen  Morgan. 

March  23.  In  Van  Diemen's  Land,  aged  73, 
Thomas  Anstey,  esq.  one  of  the  largest  land  pro- 
prietors and  oldest  nmgistratcs  of  the  colony,  and 
many  years  a  member  of  the  legiidative  council : 
father  of  Thomas  Cliisholm  Anstey,  esq.  M.P.  for 
V(mghal. 

May  19.  \i  Lahore,  by  his  own  Iiand,  during 
dcliriam,  pro<luced  by  brain  fever,  aged  25,  Wil- 
liam Coiu'ad  Lochnerj  H.E.I .C.'s  Civil  Service. 

May  20.  On  his  passage  from  India,  C^pt.  Fre- 
derick Williinn  C-omish,  Bengal  Art.  eldest  thir- 
viving  son  of  the  late  Charles  Cornish,  esq.  of 
(iatcombc  House. 

June  2.  At  Stonehousc,  aged  71,  Colonel  John 
M'Callum.  R.M.  He  entered  tlie  service  Jan.  1798, 
l)ecaine  First  Lieutenant  1803,  Captain  1812,brerct 
Major  1830,  Lieut.-Colonel  July  1837,  Colonel  and 
2n<l  Commandant  Feb.  1842,  and  Colonel  Com- 
man<lant  of  the  Plymouth  Division  Dec.  1847.  Ue 
retired  on  full  pay  April  1849,  and  >\-as  in  the  re- 
eeij)t  of  the  goo<l-»eniec  pension  of  liMW.  He  wan 
at  the  capture  of  the  Victorine,  French  privateer, 
in  l)oats  under  his  comimind,  in  I8(X) ;  was  at  the 
battle  of  Trafalgar ;  the  forcing  of  the  DordaneUea 
iiud  destruction  of  a  Turkisli  squadron  in  1807 ; 
and  was  employed  on  various  occaaions  in  catting 
out  aind  «h«stroying  enemy's  vessels.  Ue  com- 
manded the  reserve  battalion  serving  in  Syria, 
and  the  British  troops  quartered  at  Acre,  in 
1S41. 

.Vt  Kun'achee,  in  India,  aged  50,  ^lajor  Edward 
Tdwnsend,  H.M.  83rd  regt.  Uc  was  the  eldest 
>on  of  the  late  Horatio  Townscnd,  esti.  formerly  of 
Briilgrnount,  co.  Cork,  and  his  inatemnl  grand- 
fatlier  was  Lieut.-(:}en.  Townscnd,  Inspector-Ge- 
neral of  liis  Majesty's  foives  1794.  He  entered  the 
service  May  1810,  became  Lieut.  (X-t.  l824,Captadn 
Feb.  1820,  brevet  MiOor  Nov.  1841,  Mnjor  Dec. 
1 84H .  He  was  appointed,  Feb.  1826,  by  Sfa-  Patrick 
Ross,  then  <k>vemor  of  Antigua,  his  aid-de-camp 
and  private  secretary.  Having  studied,  1833-4,  In 
the  senior  dejiartment  of  the  R.M.  college.  Sand- 
Imrst,  he  passed  a  distinguished  examination.  In 
IH38-9  the  H3rd  rcghnent,  then  in  Canada,  in 
which  lie  was  serving,  took  part  in  repelling  the 
invasion  of  the  American  sympathiaers ;  and  in 
1841-2  he  was  apiK)hitc<l  by  MtOor-Oen.  Sir  lUcbartl 
•laekson.  then  eommander-in-chief  of  her  Ma- 
jesty's forces  in  Canada,  to  execute  a  military 
survey  of  the  district  of  Niagara,  in  Upper  Canada. 
In  1847-8,  during  the  famine  in  Ireland,  he  waa 
api>ointed  by  the  Boanl  of  Works,  on  account  of 
liis  high  character  as  an  officer  and  accnrato 
]Mjwers  of  business,  ( ro\  ernmeut  Inspector  of  Relief 
(.'ommittee.s,  first  in  the  co.  Cavan,  and  afterwards 
in  the  eo.  Monaglian  ;  and  in  these  capacities  he 
acted  on  \arious  occasions  with  much  decirion 
an»i  monil  tinnness,  as  well  as  ever-ready  kind- 
ness. lU*  married.  Det*.  29,  1840,  his  cousin  I»a- 
l>ollrt,  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Horace  Townsend,  of 
Deny,  near  lIo.ss-CJarl>cry,  co.  Cork. 

Junv  5.  At  Madras,  Capt.  Frwlcrick  WoUey, 
11th  Bombay  Nat.  Inf.  youngest  nm  of  tlie  late 
Itev.  (lo<lfrey  Wolley,  Rector  of  Hawnby,  and 
Vicar  of  Hutton  Bushell,  Yorks. 

June  a.  At  Kohat,  in  the  Ponjaub,  aged  83, 
Lieut.  William  Hay,  Bengal  Art.  only  sorviTing 
son  of  the  late  Robert  Hay,  esq.  E.I.CoVt.  Nary. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


329 


June  12.  At  Madras,  ai^cd  55,  Jolin  Horsley, 
c;iq.  Civil  and  Sessions  Judge  of  Cuddalore. 

June  21.  At  Keyford,  Frome  Selwood,  aged  75, 
the  relict  of  James  Candy,  esq. 

At  York,  in  his  40th  year,  Cieorgc  Dauby,  esq. 
of  the  Arm  of  Ilotham  and  Danby,  brewers.  lie 
had  been  for  nearly  six  years  a  member  of  tlie 
City  Council,  and  an  assiduous  advocate  of  all 
practical  and  salatary  improvements.  His  politics 
were  conservative.  His  funeral  was  tlie  largest 
witnessed  in  York  for  many  years  past,  being  at- 
tended by  a  large  assemblage  of  public  and  private 
firiends  in  twent>'-four  carriages.  His  body  was 
carried  to  High  Calton. 

In  Georgetown,  Demerara,  aged  24,  Fitzroy- 
John,  fifth  son  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  Stephen  aV- 
thor  Goodman. 

July  1.    At  Copenhagen,  John  M'Caul,  esq. 

July  2.  Aged  32,  Mr.  John  Lean  Thornton,  late 
of  the  Norwich  circuit,  proprietor  of  the  Theatre 
Royal,  Rochester. 

July  3.  At  Cookstown,  Capt.  Lind.  He  re- 
ceived a  grape  shot  at  the  battle  of  AYaterloo, 
weighing  ten  ounces,  which  he  kept  as  a  relic, 
hooped  in  silver.  The  shot  entered  at  Uie  breast, 
and  was  cut  out  behind  the  shoulder  three  days 
after  the  battle.  He  was  reported  as  kiUed  in  the 
Gazette. 

At  Batli,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Joseph  Orman,  of  Sliouldliam. 

Jt^y  4.  In  Bryanston-sq.  aged  71,  Sophia-Caro- 
line, widow  of  Benjamin  Ilarenc,  esq.  of  Foots 
Cray  Place,  Kent. 

At  Leicester,  aged  71,  Ann,  dan.  of  the  late  Mr. 
John  Throsby,  author  of  the  History  of  Leicester, 
and  Excursions  in  LeicCfitershire. 

At  Ryde,  the  widow  of  Edward  Turner,  esq.  of 
Warrington. 

At  Montreal,  Colonel  Henry  William  Vavasour, 
commanding  the  Royal  Engineers  in  Canada.  He 
entered  the  Engineers  in  1804,  became  a  first 
Lieutenant  in  isa?,  a  Captain  in  1809,  a  Major  hi 
1813,  a  brevet  Lieut.-Colonel  in  1829,  and  in  1845 
a  full  Colonel.  He  served  in  the  Peninsular  war, 
and  was  jircsent  at  the  defence  of  Cadiz  in  1810-1 1. 

Julif  5.  At  Thatcham,  Berks,  John  Barfleld,  esq. 

In  Portland-pl.  Alicia,  wife  of  Chas.  Elliott,  e.s<i. 

At  the  house  of  her  brother-in-law,  George 
Stockdale,  esq.  Notting-h ill-terrace,  Anne,  eldest 
•lau.  of  the  late  Benjamin  Ellis,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

A;;jcd  59,  in  Alplta-road,  Regent's-park,  Colonel 
Joseph  Edward  Greaves  Elmsall,  of  Woodlands, 
near  Doncaster.  He  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Waterloo  as  Capt.  in  the  1st  Dragoon  (tuards,  and 
was  placwl  on  half-pay  in  1821.  On  the  13th  of 
Sept.  1828,  he  entered  the  South-We.st  Yorkshu-c 
Yeomanry  Cavalry  as  Captain  of  the  Tickhill 
troop,  and  afterwards  became  Captain  of  the  2nd 
Doncaster  troop ;  he  wjis  promotetl  to  Ixj  ^(ajor 
IHII,  and  he  was  made  Colonel  1846.  He  was 
jmt  into  the  eonnuission  of  the  peace  for  the  West 
Ridlnir  in  1839. 

At  Trull,  near  Taunton,  agetl  68,  retired  Com- 
mander Lcigli  Spark  Jack  (1840),  R.N.  of  East- 
brook.  He  was  a  Lieutenant  of  1806,  and  liad 
sctMi  some  senice  during  the  war,  having  been  for 
eighteen  years  on  full-iwiy. 

At  (Jreenwich,  aged  36,  Ann,  wife  of  Dr.  Thomas 
Oak  Mitchell. 

Amelia,  dau.  of  the  late  William  Sims,  esq.  of 
llubbards  Hall,  Essex. 

At  Bath,  aged  63,  .tVnne,  wife  of"  John  Stone, 
esq.  barrister-at-law,  of  Hen  bury,  near  Bristol. 

At  Clifton,  aged  47,  Robert  Straton,  esq.  of 
Willsbridge  House,  Glouc.  one  of  the  justices  of  the 
ixjace  for  the  county. 

July  6.  At  Watford,  age<l  81,  Thomas  Bett,  esq. 
late  of  the  Inlan<l  Revenue  »lepartment,  Old 
Broad-.'st. 

At  Brook  Green,  Middlesex,  aged  86,  George 
Bird,  esq.  an  eminent  builder,  and  nearly  the 
whole  of  his  life  a  resi«lent  of  Hammersmith.  From 
an  Inunble  origin  he  and  his  late  brother  and 
partner,  Mr.  William  Bird,  raised  themselves  by 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


their  industry  and  activity  to  be  amongst  the  most 
respecteil  and  influential  men  in  their  neighbour- 
hood. They  have  been  the  builders  of  seyeral  pub- 
lic works,  amongst  which  may  be  noticed  the  ad- 
jacent churches  of  Turnhara  Green  and  Shepherd's 
Bush.  Mr.  G.  Bird  has  left  several  sons,  all  set- 
tle<1  in  I'espcctable  stations  of  life. 

At  Kirkstyle,  near  Kilmarnock,  aged  83,  An- 
drew Deans,  esq.  lately  of  Glasgow. 

In  Lower  John-st.  Golden-sq.  aged  48,  William 
Hills,  esq.  of  the  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Club,  for- 
merly of  St.  John's  college,  Cambridge,  M.A. 

Aged  77,  Jas.  Hodder,  esq.  of  AUlngton,  Dorset. 

In  London,  William  Jenkins,  esq.  storekeeper 
in  Her  Majesty's  dockyard,  Devonport. 

At  High  Seacombe,  Cheshire,  Anne,  widow  of 
James  Johnson,  esq.  late  of  Kendal,  and  last  sur- 
viving cliild  of  William  Yate,  esq.  of  Liverpool. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  54,  Mary-Cunningham,  wife 
of  Lieut.  Robert  Lethbridge,  R.N. 

At  Exeter,  aged  65,  Mary-Davis,  wife  of  Paul 
Measer,  esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry 
Cox  Mason,  Rector  of  Bermondsey. 

Elizabeth-Staples,  wife  of  George  William  Cakes, 
esq.  of  Nottingham-place,  dau.  of  the  late  Robert 
Fisher,  esq.  of  Mitcham. 

At  Sontham,  aged  70,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert 
Poole,  esq. 

At  the  St.  Louis  tlieatre,  America,  Mrs.  Shea, 
formerly  Miss  Kemble,  granddaughter  of  Stephen 
Kemble,  and  grandniece  of  Mrs.  Siddons.  During 
the  performance  of  Jack  Sheppard,  a  large  fiat 
iron,  suspending  a  lamp  from  the  ceiling,  slippy 
from  its  fostenings  and  fell  to  the  ground,  striking 
Mrs.  Shea  on  the  top  of  the  head,  when  she  im- 
mediately fell  dead  upon  the  stage. 

Aged  25,  Kosciusko  Simmons,  esq.  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Nathaniel  Simmons,  esq.  of  Croydon. 

At  Teplitz,  in  Bohemia,  aged  49,  Wm.  Teevan, 
esq.  surgeon,  of  Bryanston-sq. 

At  the  Priory,  near  Monmouth,  the  residence  of 
R.  P.  Boyd,  esq.  aged  82,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Wright, 
fonnerly  of  Acomb,  near  York. 

At  Southwell,  Notts,  aged  87,  Esther,  widow  of 
the  Rev.  Charles  Wylde,  D.D.  Rector  of  St.  Nicho- 
las, Nottingham,  and  Preb.  of  Southwell. 

July  7.  At  Whickham,  Durham,  aged  76,  Mrs. 
Bruce,  last  surnxing  dau.  of  the  Ute  Thomas 
Bates,  D.D.  Rector  of  Wialton. 

At  Oxford,  aged  62,  Alderman  Richard  ChUlhig- 
worth  CTOdft*ey.  He  served  the  office  of  Mayor  a 
few  years  since. 

Aged  50,  S.  S.  Lowe,  esq.  Stratford-on-Avon. 

At  the  residence  of  his  son,  Capt.  Mullen,  the 
Governor  of  the  Glasgow  prison,  Lieut.-Colonel 
Robert  Mullen,  K.H.  late  1st.  Royal  Regiment. 
He  had  seen  much  arduous  service  during  his 
lengthened  career. 

Julys.  At  Trent  Park,  of  spasm  of  the  heart, 
in  her  40th  year,  the  Lady  Agneta-Elizabeth,  wifo 
of  R.  C.  L.  Bevan,  esq.  youngest  sister  to  the  pre- 
sent Earl  of  Hardwicke.  She  was  married  in  1846. 

Aged  73,  George  Bramwell,  esq.  of  Tynedale-pl. 
Islington,  late  of  Finch-lane,  London,  banker. 

At  Pierrepont,  near  Famham,  Emma,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Isaac  Currie,  esq.  of  Bush-hill. 

At  Ileckley,  aged  50,  lea\ing  a  widow  and  one 
daughter,  Edward  Fenwicke,  esq.  son  of  the  late 
James  Fenwicke,  esq.  of  Longwitton  Hall,  by  his 
wife  Jane,  only  child  and  heir  of  John  Manners, 
esq.  of  Long  Framlington,  all  in  the  county  of 
Northumberland. 

In  Great  James-st.  Bedford-row,  aged  83,  Miaa 
Sarah  Penny. 

At  Dickleburgh  Rectory,  Norfolk,  aged  87, 
Lydia,  relict  of  the  Very  Rev.  George  Stevenson, 
Dean  of  Kilfenora. 

July  9.  At  New  Jersey,  U.S.  Capt.  Nenon  Arm- 
strong, formerly  of  the  30th  Regt.  late  Paymaster 
of  the  7th  Dragoon  Guards,  son  of  Gen.  Arm- 
strong, of  Bath.  He  retired  on  half-pay  of  tlie 
8l8t  regt.  in  1840. 

At  Brompton,  aged  57,  Caroline,  relict  of  the 
Rev.  Richard  Harris  Barhain,  Minor  Canon  Qt 

2U 


330 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


St.  Paul's  (of  whom  a  memoir  was  given  in  our 
Magazine  for  Sept.  1845.)  She  was  the  third  dau. 
of  Capt.  Smart,  K.  Enp.  and  haw  left  one  son,  the 
llev.  R.  D.  Barham,  and  t\*'0  daughters. 

At  Blackheath-hill,  Mary- Anne,  wife  of  Georjce 
Blake,  esq.  formerly  of  Dover. 

At  Chcrtsey,  aced  88,  John  Blenkin,  esq. 

At  Dougla**,  Me  of  Man,  aged  84,  Mr.  James 
Cretney.  He  translated  Pamel's  "  Hermit,"  and 
other  poetic  i)Iece8,  into  the  vernacular  of  the 
Wand,  and  was  considered  one  of  the  best  Gaelic 
scholars  of  the  day. 

Affed  78,  George  Dobree,  esq.  of  Bussell-place, 
Fitzroy-sq. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law  Robert 
French,  esq.  at  an  advanced  age,  Mi's.  Bonifiacc, 
mother  of  Thomas  Boni&ce,  esq.  chief  steward  to 
the  Duke  of  Norfolk. 

•Ernest  Alexander,  infant  son  of  the  Hon.  W.  E. 
Fitzmaurice,  and  nephew  to  the  Earl  of  Orkney. 

At  Mutley,  Devonport,  Eliza,  wife  of  O.  B. 
Hoflfmelster,  es<i.  coram.  II.M.  steamer  Cyclops. 

At  York-gate,  Regent's-park,  Lucy  Henr>'  King- 
ston, oaq.  second  son  of  the  late  John  Kingston, 
esq.  M.P.  for  Ljmlngton,  and  nephew  of  the  late 
L.  Knightley,  esq.  and  of  the  late  Rev.  Sir  John 
Knightloy,  Bart,  of  Fawsley,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Richmond,  Yorkshire,  aged  68,  Octavlns 
Leefc,  esq. 

At  Eccleshall.Tideswell,  aged  66,  WiUidm  New- 
ton, esq. 

At  Lancaster,  aged  38,  Robert  Ripley,  esq.  M.D. 
of  Whitby. 

At  Southampton,  Col.  Wra.  Roberts,  late  R.Art. 
He  entered  the  service  in  Dec.  1795;  became 
Lieut.  1797  ;  Captain,  1803 ;  Major,  1814  ;  Lieut.- 
Colonel,  1827;  and  Colonel,  1841.  lie  served  in 
the  Penlnsuhi  from  May,  1810,  to  Oct.  1812,  and 
again  from  May,  1813,  to  the  end  of  the  war  in 
1814,  including  tlic  defence  of  Cadiz,  battle  of 
Barossn,  and  capture  of  Seville.  He  received  the 
sold  medal  for  Barossa,  ba\'ing  commanded  a  field 
battery. 

At  Cromer,  Charles  Whaley  Spurgeon,  esq.  of 
King's  Lynn,  second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  C. 
Spnrgeon  of  Harpley. 

Maria-Louisa,  dau.  of  John  Jolllffc  Tufnell,  esq. 
of  Langleys,  Essex. 

In  Upper  Wobum-pl.  aged  80,  Joseph  Vernon, 
esq.  formerly  Receiver  of  the  Fees  at  the  Treasury. 

At  Chelsfleld,  Kent,  aged  74,Tlios.  Waring,  esq. 

July  10.  At  Chertsey,  aged  8k,  John  Blenkin. 
esq. 

In  Bryanston-sq.  Marianne,  relict  of  John  Henrj' 
Burges,  esq.  of  Parkauaur,  Tyrone,  and  sister  of 
the  late  Sir  William  Johnstone,  Bart,  of  Gilford, 
I>own.^hlre. 

At  Fresliwaler,  I.W.  Ui^ed  32,  Thomas  Mayer 
Carvick,  esq.  of  Wyke,  Yorka.  and  Moat-mount, 
Middlesex. 

At  Godstone,  aged  72,  Charlw  NewberVf  esq. 

At  Bristol,  aged  78,  Sophia,  widow  of  John  Rey- 
nolds, esq.  of  Blackheath. 

In  Upper  Seymour-st.  Mrs.  Frederick  Bicketts. 

At  Whitby,  uged  64,  John  Ripley,  esq.  surgeon. 

At  Charlton-vllla,  near  Sudbury,  Middlescs,  on 
hn  82nd  birthday,  Samuel  TuU,  esq.  of  Fen- 
church-.st. 

Aged  93,  Constantia-Maria-Burgoync  Wren, 
eldest  and  last  surviving  great-granddau.  of  Sir 
Christopher  Wren. 

Jiili/  11.  While  on  a  visit  at  the  house  of  her 
son-in-lnw  Mr.  Joshua  Wilson,  Ilighbury-pl.  aged 
80,  Mary-Peurd,  wifc  of  Thomas  Bulley,  esq.  of 
Liverjwol. 

At  Croydon,  aged  70,  Theodore  II.  A.  Fielding, 
esq.  lute  Prof,  of  Civil  Drawing  at  Addiscombo. 

Aged  29,  Emma,  wife  of  Charles  Gardiner  Gutli- 
rle,  eyj.  of  Pall-maill,  and  only  dau.  of  the  lato 
Wm.  Sams,  esq.  of  St.  James's-st.  and  East  Sheen. 

At  Warminster,  Miss  Arundel  Harding. 

At  Glasgow,  Charles  Hugh  James,  es<i.  surgeon, 
lato  39th  Rcgt.  »     i       b      . 

At  the  resi«lence  of  Iior  brother  Henr>'  Kennedy, 


esq.  of  Bangor,  Franeei,  dw.  of  the  lata  John 
Kennedy,  ofEltham,  formerlir  of  HammerHBttti. 

At  Freshford,  Som.  aged  60,  Elliabetli,  wife  of 
Capt.  Eyre  Coote  Lord,  late  of  £.I^.S. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  21,  GnatoviialCalttiaw  Ed- 
ward, eldest  son  of  Edward  KaeMahoo,  eaq.  for- 
merly of  Cadogan-pl. 

Affed  79,  Sarah,  wife  of  William  Bead,  eaq.  of 
Bedfont. 

Aged  64,  lir.  John  Seeley,  of  Fore-at.  one  of  the 
Common  Councilmen  of  Crippl^te  Ward. 

At  Hampton,  Devon,  EUxabelh,  wtfli  of  Cast. 
Francis  Edward  Sej-mour,  R.N.  She  waa  the 
second  dau.  of  Charles  Cooke,  esq.  of  Bath,  waa 
married  in  1816,  and  leaves  iaaue  one  ion. the  Rev. 
Francia  Payne  Seymour,  and  two  davghian. 

At  Nunthoroe  HaU,  Cleveland,  Mary-Aim,  *e- 
cond  dau.  of  wm.  Simpson,  esq. 

At  Bridgnorth,  Susan,  wife  of  Wm.  Skdding, 
esq.  surgeon,  E.l.Co's.  service,  and  dau.  of  thelaie 
Jas.  Wakeman,  esq.  of  Worcester. 

Aged  21,  Barlow,  youngest  son  of  Barlow  Slade, 
of  Frome,  Somerset,  surgeon. 

At  Stranraer,  aged  74,  Margaret,  relict  of  J<^in 
Torrance,  esq. 

July  12.  In  London,  aged  87,  GarolUie,  aeeond 
daughter  of  Lleut.-General  Carey. 

At  Warmley  House,  Glouc.  age<l  71,  George 
MadgHick  Davidson,  esq. 

Aged  39,  Daniel  Bedmrd  Moore,  esq.  B.A.  late 
of  Calus  college,  Cambridge. 

At  Gosport,  aged  66,  Marj'-Anne,  relict  of 
Cliarles  King  Oakley,  esq. 

At  Maidstone,  Mary,  wife  of  Captain  Oardine 
Shaw,  late  of  14th  Drag. 

In  Kentish-town,  ag^  83,  Eliza,  wife  of  Thomaa 
Spalding,  cMi. 

At  Brighton,  aged  89,  Mrs.  EUxabetb  Storv,  dau. 
of  the  late  Caleb  Lomax,  eaq.  of  ChlldwickDary-, 
Herts,  and  widow  of  Col.  John  Story. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  Gl,  Samnel  Ferrand  Wad- 
dhigtou.  esq. 

In  Milton-st.  Dorf>et-M.  Jqlla,  widow  of  George 
Warren,  esq.  of  l}j>per  Montagu-at. 

July  13.    At  Andover,  ag^  82,  Un.  EUuheth 

At  Northholt,  near  Uxbridge,  William  Cottarell 
Warwick  Bingley,  eldest  son  of  the  late  WHUaiD 
Cotterell  Blngiey,  of  Brompton,  solicitor. 

At  Nortbbrook  House,  near  Famham,  Dorothy, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  B.  Bustard,  esq. 

At  Darlington,  aged  19,  Richard,  second  son  of 
the  late  Richard  Cundell,  esq.  of  London. 

Aged  76,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Curtois,  of  Paddlngton, 
widow  of  James  Curtois,  esq.  of  Uaida-hill. 

At  her  brother's,  Guildford-st.  RosseU-sq.  agad 
'ti,  Miss  Elizabeth  Hodson. 

At  Oakham,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Rev.  W.  W. 
Layng,  Vicar  of  Harrowden,  go.  Nthnton. 

Sophia,  dau.  of  Daniel  List,  esq.  of  Ryde. 

At  the  Vicarage,  Lnddington,  aged  70,  Alice, 
wife  of  James  Lister,  esq.  of  Oosefleat  Orange, 
Yorks.  and  Hirst  Prior}**  Line. 

At  Capecure,  near  Boulogne,  aged  80,  John 
Stokes,  esq. 

At  Dover,  aged  G6,  Col.  Robert  Thomson,  Bofil 
Engineers.  He  entered  the  service  in  Nor.  1804 ; 
Lieutenant,  1806;  Captain,  1810;  Ueat.-Colonel, 
1829 ;  and  Colonel,  1846. 

Aged  3  J,  Capt.  Frederick  Woodgate. 

July  14.  lu  Poilland-pl.  aged  60,  John  Bar- 
nard,  eso.  of  Ham-common,  Surrey,  and  of  Com- 
hill,  banlier.  He  died  in  conaaqnenca  of  a  cold 
caught  on  the  night  the  Qneen  Tiattad  Gnildhall. 

At  Brighton,  aged  61,  Bradley  Beaunont,  eaq. 

At  Tunbridge  WeUs,  aged  78,  Miss  Harriet  Bed- 
ford,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Bedford,  esq.  of 
FairlaMn  House,  Acton,  and  of  Reigate. 

At  SonthaU,  Mlddleaez,  Commander  Cimiber- 
land  Reid  Hadaway  (1846).  He  entered  the  navy 
in  1810,  passed  his  examination  in  1816,  and  was 

Eromoted  in  1828.    His  last  service  waa  aa  First 
ieut.  of  the  Albion  90,  ihmi  which  ship  ha  wis 
promoted  in  1846. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


331 


At  tiie  Woodlandfl,  Stock,  Essex,  aged  70,  Ca- 
roline, widow  of  James  Wm.  Prior  Johnson,  esq. 

In  Great  Q«orge-st.  Westminster,  aged  72, 
Henrietta,  relict  of  John  Gervaise  Maude,  esq. 

At  Northfield,  aged  51,  John  Mereditii,  esq,  a 
magistrate  for  the  counties  of  Wore,  and  Stafford. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  61,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Pearce, 
R.N.  formerly  Mrs.  Arlissj. 

At  Hereford,  aged  37,  Charles  James  Powell, 
formerly  of  the  49tti  Regt.  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Richard  Jones  Powell,  esq.  of  Hinton-court,  Re- 
corder of  Hereford. 

July  15.  At  Hampstead,  aged  58,  Miss  Mary 
Ann  Qibson,  dau.  of  the  late  William  Gibson,  esq. 
of  Pentonrllle. 

In  Bermuda,  aged  40,  Mr.  Henry  Godwin,  ma- 
nager of  the  estate  of  Sir  Wm.  Codrington,  Bart, 
ana  late  of  the  Lydes  farm,  Chipping  Sodbury, 
Glouc. 

Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Hugh  Golde- 
cutt,  esq.  of  CIarges>8t. 

At  Chessington  Hall,  near  Kingston,  Surrey, 
aged  75,  William  Greene,  esq.  late  collector  of 
Customs  at  Leith. 

At  Brentford,  aged  74,  William  Rails,  esq.  44 
years  surgeon  to  the  Westminster  MOlltia. 

At  Kn^htshays,  near  Tiverton,  aged  57,  Ben- 
jamin Bowden  walrond,  esq. 

At  Liverpool,  Catharine-Harriet,  wife  of  W.  W. 
Willink,  esq. 

July  16.  At  Cincinnati,  America,  Mr.  Daven- 
port, recently  lessee  of  the  theatres  upon  the  Cam- 
bridge circuit,  and  fether  of  Miss  Davenport, 
actress,  who  has  achieved  many  triumphs  in  her 
profession  in  America. 

At  Wisbech,  hi  her  83rd  year,  Mary,  widow  of 
George  England,  esq.  of  Flltcham  Abbey,  and 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  William  Buck,  esq.  of 
Morston,  Norfolk. 

At  Bridgetown,  Totnes,  aged  61,  Lieut.  Edward 
Luscombe  (1810).  He  entered  the  navy  in  1804, 
and  serv^  afloat  thirteen  years.  He  was  in  Lord 
Gambler's  flag-ship  at  Copenhagen,  and  was  in  tlie 
Implacable  74,  in  the  successful  action  with  the 
Russian  74-gun  ship  Lelwood.  He  saw  much 
boat-service  in  the  Baltic,  was  promoted  in  Dec. 
1810,  and,  as  a  Lieutenant,  served  subsequently 
in  the  Cadmus  10,  Leopard  50,  Horatio  88,  Naraur 
74,  Granlcus  36,  Topaze  38,  and  ^linden  74. 

In  We>Tnouth-8t.  aged  81,  Charlotte,  wife  of 
W.  A.  Weguelin,  esq. 

July  17.  At  Albury,  Surrey,  aged  16,  the  Hon. 
Edward  Addington,  youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  Vis- 
conn  t  Sidmouth. 

At  Elgin,  Robina,  wife  of  Lambert  Brickenden, 
eso.  late  Capt.  7l8t  Highland  Light  Inf. 

At  Camden-road  Villas,  aged  58,  Ellzabeth-Mo- 
nimia,  wife  of  Robert  Burford,  esq.  proprietor  of 
the  Panorama  Royal,  Leicester-sq. 

At  Eythorne,  Kent,  Esther,  wife  of  the  Rev.  W. 
Copley,  of  Blakcney,  Glouc.  She  was  the  author 
of  "  Cottage  Comforts,"  "  History  of  Slavery,"  &c. 

At  Limeiiousc,  aged  69,Chri8topher  Dowson,  esq. 

Aged  21,  George-Septimus,  voungest  son  of  the 
Rev.  John  Ecklcy,  of  Credcnhill  Court,  co.  Here- 
ford. « 

At  Loddon,  Norf.  aged  85,  Margaret,  t*-idow  of 
T.  Holmes,  esq.  of  >Iariham. 

In  William-st.  Lowndes-sn.  aged  27,  Mai'y- 
Clementiua-Marion,  wife  of  Capt.  Sir  Frederick 
Nicolson,  Bart.  R.N.  She  was  the  only  dau.  of 
Jame:<  Loch,  esq.  M.P.  and  was  married  in  1847. 

In  Prince's-st.  Stamford-st.  aged  57,  Edward 
Pape,  esq.  surgeon. 

Aged  57,  Mr.  Charles  Allen  Pettitt,late  of  Cbes- 
ter-tcrr.  Regcnt's-park,  and  Old  Steinc,  Brighton. 

At  Trosy-park,  Denbigh,  aged  58,  Aneurin 
Owen,  esq.  one  of  the  assistant  tiUie  commissioners 
for  England  and  Wales,  and  a  commissioner  for 
the  inclosure  of  commonable  lands ;  only  son  of 
the  late  Dr.  Wm.  Owen  Pughc. 

Aged  70,  Edmund  Walker,  esq.  of  the  Exche- 
qner-oiBce,  Uneoln>-inn,  and  Clilton  Villas,  Pad- 
dington. 


July  18.  At  Lee-grove,  Blaekheath,  aged  69, 
Thomas  Ashton,  esq. 

In  Regent's-park,  Miss  Caroline  Bazalgette. 

In  Upper  Bedford-place,  aged  84,  the  Dowager 
Lady  Mackworth,  relict  of  Sir  Digby  Mackworth, 
Bart.  She  was  Philippa,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  James 
Affleck,  Vicar  of  Finedon,  co.  N'thptn.  and  sister 
to  the  late  Shr  James  and  Sir  Robert  Affleck,  Barts. 
She  became  the  second  wife  of  Sir  Digby  Mack- 
worth,  the  third  Bart,  in  1821 ,  and  was  left  his 
widow  in  1838. 

At  Papillon  Hall,  Leic.  aged  26,  Thomas,  only 
son  of  Thomas  Marriott,  esq.  of  Lamcote  house, 
near  Nottingham. 

At  Southampton,  Emma,  younger  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  Robert  Ward,  M.A.  of  Thetford. 

/tt/y  It).  Harriet,  wife  of  Edward  Nelson  Alex- 
ander, esq.  of  Heath-fleld,  Halilkx. 

At  Pentre,  Pemb.  Elizabeth-Maria,  wife  of  D.  A. 
Saunders  Davles,  esq.  M.P.  for  Carmarthenshire. 
She  was  the  only  dau.  of  Col.  Owen  Phillipps,  of 
WiUiamston,  co.  Perab.  was  married  in  1836,  and 
had  issue  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 

At  Hali&x,  the  widow  of  H.  S.  Graves,  esq. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  33,  Henry  Lancaster,  jun. 
esq.  of  H.  M.  Ordnance-offlce. 

At  Mlnehead,  aged  1 1 ,  Alexander-John-Fownes, 
onlr  son  of  the  Rev.  A.  H.  F.  Luttrell,  Vicar  of 
that  place. 

At  tlie  house  of  her  son-in-law,  William  K. 
Greenhill,  esq.  Canonbury-park,  aged  70,  Eliza- 
beth-Anne, relict  of  James  Adair  M'Dougall, 
surgeon  to  her  late  Majesty  Queen  Caroline. 

At  Dublin,  aged  86,  the  widow  of  Capt.  J. 
O'Beime,  brother  to  Lucius-Thomas  lord  Bishop 
of  Meath.  She  was  tlie  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Joseph 
Peacocke,  Bart,  by  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  Thomas 
Cuffe,  esq.  of  Grange,  co.  Kilkennv,  and  was  mar* 
ried  in  1800. 

On  his  passage  home  from  Halifax,  aged  22,  John 
CadM-alader  Pugh,  Lieut.  Rojral  Regt.  youngest 
5on  of  David  Pugh,  M.P.  of  Llanerchydol,  Montg. 

Aged  74,  George  Scott,  esq.  of  Ladbroke-terr. 
Notting-hill. 

At  Brighton,  aged  72,  John  Standen,  esq. 

Judith,  ^vidow  of  Richard  Williams,  esq.  of 
Wolvercott,  near  Oxford. 

In  Park-st.  Grosvenor-sq.  Mary,  wife  of  Bar- 
tholomew Wroughton,  esq.  of  Woolley  Park, 
Berks,  and  second  dau.  of  the  late  William 
Thas.  St.  Quintin,  esq.  of  Scampston  Hall,  Yorksh. 

July  20.  At  Ryeoroft,  Ashton-under-Lyne,  aged 
46,  James  Smitli  Buckley,  esq. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Charles  Finder,  esq.  of  Spars- 
holt,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  William  Barnes, 
esq.  of  Winchester. 

At  the  Vicarage,  St.  Woollos,  Newport,  Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev,  Edward  Hawkins. 

At  the  residence  of  his  daughter  Mrs.  R.  Robins, 
in  Leicester,  aged  75,  the  Rev.  John  Jerard,  of 
Coventry.  In  early  life  he  accompanied  Lord 
Macartney's  embassy  to  China ;  and  soon  after, 
devoting  himself  to  Missionary  work  in  connexion 
with  the  London  Mis.sionary  Society,  embarked 
on  board  the  "  Duff,"  in  1798,  and,  with  other 
missionaries  and  their  wives,  was  taken  prisoner 
by  the  French,  off  Rio  Janeiro.  Upon  Mr.  Jerard'a 
return  to  England,  he  entered  Hoxton  college,  in 
order  to  prepare  for  the  ministry  at  home,  and 
subsequently  seconded  the  Rev.  George  Burdcr, 
as  pastor  of  the  church  in  West  Orchard  Chapel, 
Coventry,  which  he  held  forty-seven  years. 

Aged  87,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  John  Kemp,  esr(. 
of  Poole. 

At  Boulogne-8ur-Mcr,aged  29,  Emily,  only  child 
of  Francis  Stanhope  Sinclair,  esq.  formerly  of 
Mancheater-sq.  and  Ma^eld  Park,  Surrey. 

At  Margate,  aged  92,  Robert  Wells,  esq.  formerly 
of  North  Down. 

July2\.  At  Bedgebury  Park,  Kent,  Uie  Right 
lion.  Louisa  Viscountess  Beresford.  She  was  the 
youngest  dau.  of  the  Most  Rev.  William  Beres- 
ford, Lord  Archbishop  of  Tuam.  and  first  Lord 
Decles,  by  Elizabeth,  2nd  dau.  of  John  Fitz-Gib- 


332 


Obituary. 


[Sept. 


bon,  esq.  and  sister  to  the  first  Earl  of  Clare.  She 
was  first  married  in  1806  to  Thomas  Hope,  esq.  of 
Depedene,  Surrey,  the  author  of  Ana^ta^ius ;  and 
had  issue  three  sons,  the  present  Henry  Tliomas 
liope,  esq.  M.P.  for  Gloucester ;  Capt.  Adrian 
John  Hope,  late  of  tlic  4th  Dragoon  Guards,  who 
married  Matilda  Countess  Rapp  ;  and  Alexander 
James  IJeresford  Hope,  esq.  M.P.  wlio  married 
Lady  Mildred  Cecil,  daughter  of  the  Marquess  of 
SallMhury.  Mr.  Hope  died  on  the  3rd  Feb.  1831, 
and  his  widow  was  remarried  in  1832  to  her  cousin 
William-Carr  Viscount  Beresford,  G.C.B.  Duke  of 
Elvas  In  Portugal,  who  surrives  her.  Her  iKKly 
was  deposited  in  the  family  vault,  in  Kilndown 
Church,  a  short  distance  from  Bcdgebury  Park, 
which  was  built  at  her  expense.  The  coffin  bore 
the  following  inscription  : — "  Louisa  Viscountess 
Beresford,  who  departed  tliis  life  in  the  true  faith 
of  Christ,  July  12,  a.d.  1851,  aged  G8  years." 

At  St.  Peter's,  Isle  of  Tlianet,  aged  82,  Surah, 
relict  of  Henry  Holder  Blackburn,  efl<i. 

Aged  78.  Benjamin  Bramc,  attomey-at-law,  for 
many  years  one  of  Her  Majesty's  justices  of  the 
peace  for  Ii»swich,  and  the  senior  Portman  of  tlie 
borough.  He  was  the  first  Mayor  of  Ipswich  after 
the  passing  of  the  Municipal  Corporations  Keform 
Act,  and  was  a  man  of  unbending  firmness  and 
imcompromising  integrity.  He  has  ]>equeathe<l 
to  the  town,  for  cliuritablc  piiri>oscs,  the  largest 
amount  that  lias  ever  iK^en  so  devoted  to  it.  By  a 
deed  of  trust  made  in  1846  he  has  vested  tlie  sum 
of  60,000/.  Consob*.  in  Jeremiah  Head,  J.  B.  Alex- 
ander, and  S.  B.  Jackaman,  esqrs.,  in  trust,  to  pay 
13/.  a-ycar  to  the  vicar  and  churchwardens  of  St. 
Peter's,  to  be  distributed  in  bread  amongst  the  de- 
serving poor  every  Sunday,  and  a  like  sum  of  13/. 
to  be  distributed  in  coals  in  the  stime  parish  on 
tlie  day  after  Christmas ;  the  surplus  to  be  \t&\d 
by  the  trustees  and  the  incumbent  of  St.  Mary 
Key,  with  four  of  the  trustees  of  Torley's  Charity, 
to  bo  chosen  by  his  trustees  and  T.  B.  lloss,  esli. 
in  sums  of  Is.  a  week,  to  jKwr  bclonguig  to  the 
several  parishes  of  Ipswich  not  being  in  receipt  of 
parish  relief.  He  ha.s  also  bequeathed  .^0/.  to  the 
Suffolk  General  Hospital ;  30/.  to  tlie  Poor  Clergy 
Society ;  19  guineas  each  to  the  Ked  Sleeve  School 
and  the  Friendly  Society;  and  10/.  each  to  the 
Lancasterian  School,  L\1ng-in  Charity,  and  Suf- 
folk Auxiliary  Bible  Society-. 

At  Kentish-town,  Harriet,  widow  of  Sir  Charles 
Wentworth  Burdett,  Bart,  and  dan.  of  the  lute 
William  Hugh  Burgess,  esq.  Her  husband  died 
on  the  25th  Aug.  18.>0. 

Aged  19,  Henry  Hawarden  Glllibrand  Fuza- 
kerley,  esq.  of  Gillibrand  Hall,  and  Fazakeriey 
House,  I^ncashire  ;  also,  aged  18,  'rciiiiKy*t-Wil- 
loughby-Skrimshire,  youngest  son  of  Uear-Adm. 
Sir  Andrew  P.  Green,  of  James-st.  St.  James's- 
park.  They  were  inspecting  u  coal-inine  at 
Chorley,  Lancashire,  in  which  wjw  a  good  deal  of 
foul  air,  in  company  wth  the  undcrlooker  of  the 
works  Mr.  Billinge,  and  a  sinker,  named  William 
Taylor,  taking  with  them  a  blazing  tar-rope  to 
give  light.  Shortly  after  their  dost-ent,  a  bov  at 
the  mouth  of  the  pit  observed  a  rush  of  air  up' the 
shaft,  as  if  an  explosion  ha<l  taken  phicc.  The  son 
of  Mr.  Billinge  and  others  went  down  in  sonrch  of 
the  i»arties,  but  the  air  was  so  foul  that  it  mus 
some  hours  l)efoi-c  they  could  venture  to  the  bot- 
tom, when  the  result  was  tliut  the  whole  of  the 
party,  four  in  numlKjr,  had  perished.  Mr.  P'aza- 
kerley  had  succeeded  his  father  in  his  estates  only 
four  weeks  liefore  (see  our  lust  Niunlier,  p.  221). 

At  Frogmore  Lodge,  Herts,  aged  93,  William 
Hudson,  esq. 

At  Clifton,  aged  41,  Thoma.s  Hetcher  IJobinson, 
CMi.  late  of  Endsleigh-st.  and  Token  house-yard. 

Aged  64,  wife  of  Mr.  Rowe,  auctioneer,  Cole- 
man-st.,  in  consequence  of  being  thrown  from  a 
pony  phaeton  In  the  New  Koad. 

Jane-Percy,  dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Kemblc 
Whatley,  estj.  of  Holtye,  Hartfield,  Sussex. 

Juiy'n.  At  Portland-terr.  St.  John's  Wootl, 
Katberine-Elizabcth,  widow  of  Richard  Bally,  etq. 


At  Kensington,  aged  23,  G.  J.  Bentley,  e«q.  of 
the  Admiralty,  Somerset  House. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son,  Poolton-cum-Seft- 
coinbe,  Cheshfa-e,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Daniel 
Buchanan,  esq.  late  of  Liverpool. 

At  Livcrijool,  aged  29,  Susannali-Gertrudc,  wife 
of  Mark  Wilks  Collet,  esq.  and  youngest  dau.  of 
the  Kev.  James  E>Te. 

At  Manchester,  Mr.  Thomas  Edmondson,  in- 
ventor and  i)atentee  of  the  railway  ticket,  com- 
bining the  s>-.stem  of  printing  and  subsequently 
numl^ng  every  ticket.  He  was  originally  a 
cabinet-maker  in  the  establishment  of  Messrs. 
(allow  of  Lancaster,  but  in  1839  he  filled  the  situ- 
ation of  station-clerk  at  Milford,  near  Carlisle,  at 
60/.  per  annum.  He  there  contrived  a  rimple  but 
efficient  system  of  checking  the  traflAc,  which  he 
had  voluntarily  adopted  for  liia  own  satisfaction, 
but  which,  un<ler  the  old  system,  would  have  re- 
quired 3,000  different  pass-books  at  each  station, 
and  a  corresponding  staff  of  clerks.  His  system 
was  adopted  by  the  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire 
Comi)any,  in  whose  senice  he  rose  until  he  became 
the  chief  of  the  audit  department.  The  printed 
ticket,  and  his  system  of  check  and  counter-check, 
were  gradually  adopted  by  every  railway  in  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland. 

Aged  69,  Commander  John  Fislier  (1814),  late 
principal  harbour  master  of  the  port  of  London. 

At  lieworth,  near  York,  aged  76,  Lieut.  John 
Grindred,  R.N.  (1815). 

At  Winchniore-hill,  Middlesex,  aged  87,  Sarah, 
relict  of  William  Johnston,  esq.  late  of  MosweU- 
hill-grove. 

At  L'pway,  aged  69,  Elizabeth-Masterman,  widow 
of  Henry  Shcrren,  esq. 

At  Coinpton  (jastle,  Somersetshire,  aged  7, 
Elizabeth-Ckrnildine,  eldest  dau.  of  Mr.  Eveleigh 
Wyndhain. 

July  23.  Of  lirain  fever,  aged  12,  the  only  son 
of  Henry  (Jrattan,  esq.  M.P. 

At  Enfield,  aged  52,  the  Right  Hon.  Mary 
Countess  of  Lisbum.  She  was  tlio  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Sir  Lawrence  Palk,  Bart,  by  Lady  Elisa- 
beth Vuughan,  dau.  of  Wilmot  1st  Earl  of  Lis- 
burn.  She  was  married  to  her  cousin  the  present 
Earl  in  1835,  and  has  left  L>isue  three  sons  and  one 
daughter. 

At  Lamphey-court,  Perab.  aged  78,  Charles 
Mat  bias,  es(i. 

At  Sandwich,  agetl  49,  Isaac  Witherden,  esq. 

July  24.  In  Rye-lane,  Peckham,  aged  79,  John 
Brompton  Cuming,  esq. 

At  his  residence,  Crygic,  Cardiganshire,  aged 
71,  Daud  DaWes,  esq. 

In  Ik;lgrave-s(i.  aged  70,  Cieo.  Haldimand,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  Elizabeth  -  Catherine,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Langton,esq.  of  Sutton, 
SuiTey,  and  formerly  of  Ciitpenham,  Backs. 

At  l^KKlway  House,  St.  (Scorge's,  BriKtol,  aged 
52,  Nicholas  Jersey  Lovell,  M.D. 

Aged  67,  John  Munton,  esq.  of  the  firm  of 
Munton,  Drajter  and  Munton,  solicitom,  Banbury. 

Aged  HI,  Benj.  Parham,  esq.  of  Ashburton. 
Devon,  father  of  the  judge  of  the  count>'  courts  of 
>VorccstorsIurc. 

Suddenly,  jit  Liverpool,  agc<l  26,  Frwlerick 
ThoniMs  Puleston,  late  of  H.M.  6th  Foot,  youngest 
son  of  Sir  R.  Puleston,  Burt,  of  Emral,  FUnt- 
shire. 

At  Sunderlandwick,  Ursula,  relict  of  Homer 
Reynard,  es<i. 

At  Hudscott,  Chittlehampton,  aged  93,  Miss 
Lucilla  itolle,  sister  of  the  late  Ixml  Rolle. 

At  Peaehfiehl,  Great  Malvern,  aged  78,  PhUlis- 
Bown,  relict  of  Sir  Edward  Thomason,  late  of  Bir- 
mingham, and  since  of  Warwick. 

July  25.  At  Epping,  CJapt.  Henry  Francis  Barker, 
late  of  the  Madras  Fusiliers.    lie  retired  in  1835. 

In  Hyde  Park-place,  aged  15  weeks,  Thomas 
Alexander  Cochrane,  infont  son  of  Ixml  Cochrane. 

In  Burton-at.  after  56  rears*  service  in  the  (Ge- 
neral Post  OfHce,  aged  71  i  William  Mflliken,  esq. 

At  Old  Quebec-st.  Eliza,  wifie  of  Thomas  Small- 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


333 


wood  Richards,  esq.  and  eldest  dan.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Vincent,  esq. 

At  Bristol,  in  his  83d  year,  William  Terrell,  esq. 
He  was  born  in  the  parish  of  St.  Nicholas,  where 
he  carried  on  a  successful  business  as  a  button- 
factor.  He  ser>'ed  several  parochial  offices,  and 
by  his  cordial  manners  and  blameless  life  obtained 
the  esteem  and  affection  of  his  neighbours. 

At  Tannah,  William  Eastfleld  Wilkinson,  es(i. 
2l8t  Bombay  N.I.,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  M.  WUkin- 
son,  Rector  of  Redgrave  and  Nowton,  Suffolk. 

July  26.  At  Efilboa  Park,  Aberdeenshire,  aged 
82,  Margaret  Auldjo,  the  last  surviving  dau.  of 
John  Auldjo,  esq.  of  Portlethen,  Kincardineshire, 
and  of  Aberdeen. 

At  Okehampton,  aged  51,  Anthony  William 
Johnson  Deane,  esq.  of  Webbory  House. 

At  Cheltenham,  Sophia,  widow  of  Joseph  Har- 
ris, esq.  of  Liveriwol. 

In  Gloucester-terrace,  Regent's  Park,  aged  92, 
Isabella-Anne,  dowager  Viscountess  llawarden. 
She  was  the  only  dau.  of  Thos.  Monck,  esq.  and 
sister  to  Charles-Stanley  1st  Viscount  Monck. 
She  became  the  third  wife  of  Cornwallis  first 
Viscount  Hawarden  more  than  seventy-four  years 
ago,  on  the  3d  June  1777,  and  was  left  his  widow 
in  1803,  having  had  issue  the  present  Viscount 
(who  succeeded  his  lialf-brother  in  1807,)  and 
thirteen  other  children,  of  whom  two  are  the 
Viscountess  Lifford  and  Lady  Dunalley.  Her 
husband  was  born  in  1729,  and  his  youngest  son, 
the  Hon.  Francis  Maude,  now  Commander  R.N. 
in  1798. 

At  Wands\*'orth,  Mar}'-Annabclla,  youngest 
child  of  Dr.  Bence  Jones. 

Aged  80,  Wm.  Jones,  esq.  of  Rockhampton- 
lodge,  Glouc. 

At  Penrith,  Licut.-Col.  George  Francis  Maclcod, 
C.B.  late  Royal  Engineers.  He  entered  the  ser- 
vice in  1801,  became  Captain  1806,  Major  1812, 
and  Lieut.-Colunel  1817.  He  served  the  cam- 
paign in  Calabria  under  Sir  John  Stuart,  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Maida ;  afterwards  in  the 
Peninsula,  and  at  the  sieges  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo 
and  Badajoz.  He  received  the  silver  war  medal 
with  three  clasps. 

At  Richmond,  aged  72,  John  Gilbert  Meymott, 
e.sq.  of  Christ  Church,  Surrey. 

Af  Elmwoo<l,  near  Glasgow,  aged  57,  Duncan 
Morrison,  esq.  sen. 

At  Brookside,  Crawley,  Sussex,  aged  63,  Mary, 
relict  of  James  Ormond  Norman,  es<i.  of  Bloouis- 
bury-s<i. 

In  St.  Georgc's-road,  Notting-hOl,  agc<l  76, 
Emilia,  widow  of  Richard  Shiel,  esq.  of  Cadiz. 

At  Widey,  near  Plymouth,  aged  76,  Mar)',  relict 
of  Francis  Toms,  esq. 

July  21.  At  Gomersal,  near  Leeds,  Eliza1)eth- 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Wormald,  e.s<i. 
banker,  of  Ix>ndon. 

At  Melton  Mowbray,  aged  72,  Thomas  Clarke, 
esq. 

At  Grove  House,  St.  David's,  Sophia-Anna,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Da>ies. 

In  Scotland,  Lient.-Colonel  James  Ollphant 
Clunie,  C.B.  44th  Regt.  He  entered  as  Ensign  In 
the  Royals  in  1813,  became  Lieut.  1814,  Captain 
1826,  MtOor  in  1838,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  1843.  He 
served  with  the  Royals  in  the  second  American 
war, and  Mas  present  at  the  siege  and  attack  of 
Fort  Erie  in  1814.  Afterwards  he  sened  in  India 
with  the  3rd  Buffs,  wliich  he  commanded  at  the 
battle  of  Punnlar  in  Dec.  1843.  For  his  ser\-iccs 
on  this  occasion  he  received  the  medal,  and  was, 
in  1K44,  nominated  a  Companion  of  the  Bath. 

In  London,  aged  81,  Sir  Page  Keble  Dick,  of 
Port  Hall,  near  Brigliton,  Sussex,  ninth  Baronet  of 
Braid,  Scotland.  He  is  succecde«l  in  the  title  by 
his  son,  Charles  Dick,  esq. 

Aged  58,  Mary- Ann,  wife  of  Montague  Cosset, 
esq.  of  Broad-st.  Buildings. 

At  Edinburgh,  Harriet,  wife  of  Chas.  Hutch- 
Ins,  esq. 

At  Wadsley  Grove,  near  Sheffield,  aged  33, 


George  Matthewman  JervLs,  esq.  of  the  firm  of 
Vickers  and  Jervis,  solicitors,  Sheffield. 

At  the  Rectory,  Kentisbeare,  Devon,  aged  49, 
Frances-Anne,  wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  A.  Roberts, 
formerly  of  Christchurch,  Monm. 

At  Hartland,  Devon,  aged  66,  Elizabeth,  wifie  of 
Chas.  Henry  Rowe,  esq.  and  widow  of  Jolm  Gala- 
worthy,  esq. 

July  2%.  At  Naples,  aged  37,  Robert,  eldest 
surviving  son  of  the  late  Charles  Bage,  eiq.  of 
Shrewsbury. 

Aged  83,  Joseph  Clarke,  esq.  of  Hull,  brother  to 
the  Rev.  Wm.  Clarke,  of  Burstwick.  The  de- 
ceased was  the  managing  trustee  of  the  Theatre 
Royal,  Hull,  for  nearly  40  years. 

In  Bartholomew-dose,  aged  62,  Geo.  Crofton ,  esq. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brother-in-law,  Little- 
liampton,  aged  30,  Edward  Ellis,  esq. 

At  Staines,  Elizabeth- Ann,  second  dau.  of  ^e 
late  Lieut.  John  Franklyn,  of  Margate. 

In  Albany-st.  Regent's-park,  ag^  48,  Bei^Jamin 
Phelps  Gibbon,  esq.  son  of  the  late  Rev.  B.  Gibbon, 
Vicar  of  Penally,  Pemb. 

At  the  vicarage,  Walton-on-Thames,  aged  52, 
Anna-Marla-Ellen,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Hatch,  whom  she  survived  but  one  month. 

At  llalesworth,  Suffolk,  Mary,  wife  of  Edwin 
Haward,  M.D.  eldest  dau.  of  "the  Rev.  B.  PhUpot, 
Great  Cressingham  rectory,  Norfolk. 

At  Fennoy,  Jane,  relict  of  David  Reid,  esq.  of 
Mill  Bank,  co.  Cork. 

At  Pophir,  aged  39,  Thomas  Rofe,  esq.  of  the 
island  of  St.  Helena. 

July  29.  At  Putney,  aged  53,  Charles  Bnmskill, 
esq. 

In  W'elbcck-st.  aged  78,  George  Butcher,  esq. 
brother  of  the  late  Thomas  Butcher,  esq.  of  North- 
ampton. 

Aged  72,  Jas.  Coles,  esq.  of  Old  Pfa>k,  Clapham. 

At  Tauuton,  aged  84,  Mary,  wife  of  James  Da- 
sautoy,  esq.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Hinton , 
Rector  of  Chai»-ton,  Hants. 

In  Cadogan-pl,  aged  48,  Capt.  William  Ellis, 
late  of  the  Bengal  army,  second  son  of  the  late 
Lleut.-Col.  Robert  Ellis,  25th  Light  Dragoons. 

At  Peckham,  aged  86,  Matthew  Flower,  esq. 
late  of  St.  John's,  Southwark. 

Aged  77,  George  Kelly,  esq.  of  Mucklon,  Galway. 

In  St.  John's-wood-road,  aged  80,  Harriett, 
widow  of  Thomas  Reynolds,  esq. 

In  Uie  Savoy,  Strand,  aged  77,  Anne,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Stemkopff. 

July  30.  At  Greenwich,  aged  62,  Lieut.  James 
Hilary  Andoe,  R.N.  He  entered  the  service  in 
1H04  on  1>oard  the  Greyhound  32,  and  was  em- 
ploye<l  for  eleven  years  on  full  pay,  but  had  re- 
ceived no  appomtment  since  his  promotion  to 
Lieutenant  in  1818. 

At  Brompton,  aged  83,  Robert  Ashton,  esq. 

At  Islington,  aged  66,  lYancis  Banner,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Horton,  Northumberland. 

At  Northampton,  aged  56,  Thomas  Herbert 
Cooke,  esq.  land  steward  to  the  Earl  Fitzhardinge. 

At  Sidmouth,  aged  61,  Theresa,  wife  of  C.  W. 
Johnson,  esq.  Great  Torrington. 

In  Ne>\ington-pl.  Kennington,  aged  77,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  William  Knott,  esq. 

At  Southampton,  Charles  Long,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Portmadoc,  Carnarvonshire,  aged  73,  Hollis 
Solly,  esq.  of  Toll-end,  Staffordshire,  accidentally 
drowned  m  hlle  bathing  in  the  sea. 

At  Clifton,  Jessy,  wife  of  John  Walker,  esq.  of 
Craufordtown,  Dumfriesshire. 

July  31.  At  Cheadle,  aged  52,  John  Catlow, 
esq.  deputy  clerk  of  the  County  Court,  a  solicitor 
in  extensive  practice,  and  for  seventeen  years  one 
of  the  coroners  of  the  coun^  of  Stafford. 

Aged  50,  Ann-Sophia,  wife  of  George  Cope,  esq. 
of  Tcttenhall  Lodge,  near  Wolverhampton,  and 
dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  Harwood,  of  Lichfield. 

In  Gray's-inn,  aged  37,  Compton  Reade,  eiq. 
only  son  of  Sir  John  Chandos  Reade,  Bart,  of 
Shipton  Court,  Oxfordshire. 

Aged  50,  Caroline-Jenkins,  wife  of  Cbrifltopber 


334 


Obituary. 


[fitept. 


Robson,  of  Cambrldge-ierracfl,  Hyde  Park,  and  of 

Clifford's-inn,  London,  solicitor. 

AtClevedon.  Somenet,  aged  09,  John  Webb, 
esq.  of  Chigwell-row,  Essex. 

Lately.  At  Uerefbrd,  aged  41,  Robert  Archi- 
bald, esq.  He  had  thrice  serred  the  office  of  mayor 
of  that  city. 

At  Lausanne,  on  his  way  home  from  India,  aged 
49,  John  Fergusson  Gathcart,  of  the  Bengal  CiTil 
BeWlce,  yuimgest  son  of  the  late  I^rd  Alloway, 
one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  Session  in  Scot- 
land.   He  was  appointed  a  writer  In  1821. 

At  Linden,  a^  83,  Count  Von  Kielmannseggc, 
the  Hanoverian  general.  He  was  bom  at  Ratxe- 
bourg,  in  the  duchy  of  Lanenbttrg,  in  tho  year 
1768,  entered  the  army  in  1793,  and  served  against 
the  French  at  Nieuport  in  Holland,  at  Hamburg, 
at  Quatre  Bras,  and  Waterloo,  where  ho  com- 
manded a  brigade. 

At  Haverfordwest,  aged  58,  Jos.  Tombs,  esq. 

At  Ipswich,  Nathaniel  James  Turner,  esq.  of 
Stoke  Newhigton,  and  the  Hermitage,  Old  Ford. 

Atig.  1.  At  Pentonville,  aged  55,  Johannis,  wlfb 
of  J.  R.  Farre,  M.D. 

At  Wellingborough,  aged  «l,  Ann,  relict  of 
Francis  Gibbon,  esq. 

At  her  son's,  Clay-liill,  Walthamstow,  aged  «4. 
Sarah,  relict  of  Capt.  George  Hooper,  H.C.8. 

At  St.  Asaph,  aged  51,  Mr.  Hugh  Hughe*,  hook- 
seller,  of  St.  Marti n's-le-Grand. 

At  Camden-towu,  Frances-Hannah,  wlfb  of  Ed- 
ward Ingpen,  esq.  and  youngest  dau.  of  W.  Abbot, 
esq.  Registrar  of  the  Court  of  Canterbury. 

At  Treralgass  House,  near  Stratton.  aged  07, 
James  Lowe,  esq. 

At  Buckingham,  aged  4«,  Rebecca,  wife  of  Major 
Macdonald. 

In  Park-road,  Stockwell.affed  60,  Harriot,  relict 
of  George  Mansfield,  esq.  of  Oxford-terr.  Hyilc- 
park. 

Aged  41 ,  the  Hon.  Charles  John  Murray,  brother 
to  the  Earl  of  Mansfield.  He  was  the  second  son 
of  the  third  Earl  by  Frederica,  daughter  of  Arch- 
bishop Markham  of  York.  He  graduated  at  Christ 
Church,  Oxford,  and  married  in  1835  tho  Hon. 
France  Elisabeth  Anson,  sister  to  the  Earl  of 
Lichfield ;  who  survives  him  with  two  sons. 

At  Nunwick  Hall,  Cumberland,  Emma-Jane, 
wilb  of  R.  W.  Saunders,  esq. 

At  tlie  residence  of  lier  son-in-law  Capt.  Pow- 
ney,  R.N.  in  Exeter,  aged  71,  Rebecca,  ^^^(\n\y  of 
WUliam  WUlie,  esq.  of  Kingston,  Hants. 

Aged  79,  Rd.  Wright,  ewi.  surgeon,  Rotherhitlic. 

Auf^.  t.  At  Little  Houghton,  Northamptonth. 
aged  75,  Frances,  widow  of  Richard  Dowding,  ej«q. 
of  Woodfbrd,  Essex. 

At  Margate,  aged  60,  James  Elliott,  esq.  many 
years  one  of  the  Masters  of  tho  Royal  Academy. 

In  Wobum-so.  William  Hamilton,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Richard  Jack- 
son, esq.  of  Bloomsbury-sq. 

Aug.  3.  At  the  residence  of  his  nephew,  Louth, 
affcd  74,  Edward  Allison,  esq.  After  an  absence 
of  nineteen  years  In  various  imrts  of  the  continent, 
he  arrived  at  the  place  of  his  nati^ity  on  the  25th 
ult.  in  his  usual  health  and  spirits,  but  on  tho  fol- 
lowing day,  whilst  viewing  the  alterations  in  the 
town,  was  seized  with  sudden  illness  which  ter- 
minated fatally. 

At  Backland,  agc<l  49,  WUliam  Gary,  cjwi.  late 
A^utant  of  the  Royal  Dockyard  Battalion. 

Aged  76,  Thomas  Dodson,  esq.  of  Normanton. 

At  Great  Malvern,  aged  66,  Ludovio  James 
Grant,  esq. 

At  Camberwell,  aged  81,  William  Oxenford,  e.«q. 

At  Mllbrook,  Child  Oketonl,  Elizabctli,  wife  of 
George  Peach,  esq. 

Aged  58,  Harriette,  wife  of  WUliam  Sandys,  esq. 
of  Devonshire-st.  Portland-pl. 

Aug.  4.  At  Wotton-under-Edge,  aged  73,  Mn. 
Maria  Austin,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Major  An- 
thony Austin,  of  that  town,  and  ritter  of  the  late 
Rev.  Anthony  Austin,  Rector  of  Alderton,  and 
Vteir  Of  Littleton  Drew. 


Aged  81,  R.  Bodle,  esq.  of  WoolstoB  Bill,  Ohl«- 
well 

Aged  81,  Harry  Dobree,  eeq.  of  Beaa  fl^otir, 
late  President  of  the  Royal  Agrtenltiina  Sodetjr 
of  Guernsey,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  foundera. 

Lavlnia-Spencer,  fifth  sorrlvinf  dau.  of  the  late 
Joseph  Fincher,  esq.  of  Brompton. 

At  Dovonport,  aged  39,  Gorntiins  W.  Fox,  esq. 

Aged  46,  John  Godfl^,  esq.  Bayvwater,  late  of 
Bishop's  Cloeve,  near  Cheltenham. 

At  Wareslde,  Herts,  aged  33,  Darid-Hemy,  onlj 
surviving  son  of  the  lato  Rev.  David  Fnlford  Bar- 
ridge,  of  Lamarsh  rectory,  Essex. 

In  London,  Sarah,  wife  of  Capt.  G.  J.  Hanter, 
R.  Art.  of  Leamington,  youngest  dAiu  of  the  lata 
E.  Alanson,  esq.  of  Wavertree,  Lane. 

Aged  74,  Thomas  Wright  Lawford,  esq.  of  Oar- 
reg  Cenen,  Landilo  Vawr,  Carmarthenahlre. 

In  Cadogan-pl.  in  his  3d  year,  Frederick-Wei^ 
lesley,  youngest  child  of  Lieut.-Gol.  the  Hon. 
Augustus  Liddell. 

At  St.  Andrew's-p1.  Regent's  Park,  aged  79, 
Mrs.  Charlotte  Pepys. 

At  Bradwell,  Mary-Ann-Large,  eldest  dan.  of 
the  lat43  George  Price,  esq.  of  Campden,  Glonc. 

At  Gloucester-pl.  aged  94,  Lady  Lonlsa  Stuart, 
youngest  daughter  of  John  Earl  of  Bute,  K.Q.  the 
prime  minister,  and  tlie  grand-daughter  of  Ladj 
Mary  Wortlcy  Montague.  To  this  ladjr  we  owe 
the  charming  "  Introductory  Anecdotes^*  prefixed 
to  the  late  Lord  Wltamclifre's  edition  ot  Lady 
Mary's  Works.  Lady  Louisa  remembered  to  hare 
.•<ccn  her  grandmother.  Lady  Mary,  when  at  old 
Wortley's  death  that  celebrated  woman  returned 
to  London  iUfter  her  long  and  still  une]a>lalned 
exile  trom  England.  Lady  Louisa  herself  was  a 
ctmnning  letter-Avriter,  and  her  correspondence 
with  Sir  Walter  Scott— which  we  hope  to  see  pub- 
lished in  our  own  time— will,  it  is  said,  ftilly  sna- 
tahi  tho  Wortlcy  reputation  for  wit  and  beanty  of 
style,  whUo  it  will  exhibit  a  poet  in  a  very  different 
character  from  that  in  which  another  poet  figures 
in  his  celebrated  correspondence  with  her  grand- 
mother. Lady  Blary.  Some  of  Scott's  letwrs  to 
Lady  Louisa  are  included  in  Mr.  Lockhart's  Lift 
of  Sir  Vi Alter. —Athenaum. 

Aug,  5.  At  Gravescnd,  whUe  in  a  warm  bath, 
Maria,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Nehemlah  Bartley, 
of  Bristol,  es(|. 

At  Cheddar,  of  bronchitis,  aged  86,  Samuel 
Birch,  esq.  formerly  an  alderman  of  Bristol. 

At  Dulwich,  aged  R9,  Anthony  Harding,  esq. 

At  Shacklewcll,  aged  54.  Harriet,  wife  of  Col. 
Landmann. 

In  Glengall-grove,  aged  51,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
WUliam  Scarles,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  Hannah-Maria,  dau.  of  tho  late 
Rev.  C.  Western. 

Aug.  6.  At  Clifton,  aged  26,  Eogenla-Clcely, 
fourth  surviving  <lati.  of  the  late  B.  H.  Browne, 
M.D.  Physician  to  the  Forces. 

In  Grove-rottd,  St.  John's  Wood,  aged  80,  re- 
tired Capt.  Edward  Hutchinson,  R.N.  He  entered 
the  navy  in  1782,  and  saw  much  active  service 
before  receiving  his  first  commission  in  1796.  He 
was  acting  Lieut,  of  the  Inconstant  36  in  Adm. 
Hotham's  action  of  the  13th  March  that  year,  and 
when  she  captured  the  Unit<f  84  on  the  30th  April. 
A  few  weeks  after  leaving  the  Inconstant  he  was 

Sronioted  to  Commander  in  Oct.  1797.  From 
uno  1803  to  Nov.  18 14,  he  was  agent  fOr  prisoners 
at  war  at  Chatham  ;  and  firom  June  1813  to  Feb. 
1816,  he  ocouuie<l  tho  same  position  at  Plymouth. 
He  accepted  the  retired  rank  of  Captain  in  1840. 

At  Raithby  rectory,  aged  24,  Anne  Dobbs  Mor- 
Icy,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wflllam  Morley,  Rec- 
tor of  Mavis  Enderby. 

At  Carmarthen,  Adam  Murray*  ^>  of  London, 
and  of  Brocastlc.  Glamorganshire. 

At  Parville,  Isle  of  Man,  aged  96,  George  Qoirk, 
esq.  Her  Majesty's  Receiver  General  and  Water 
Bailiff  for  the  Island.  He  had  also  been  Frlvate 
Secretary  successively  to  three  Ueot-Govemors 
oftheHdand. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


dd5 


At  Windsor,  aged  69,  Joaepli  Artlinr  Stanford, 
M.D.  who  had  very  successfolly  practbed  in  that 
town  for  the  last  30  years.  Dr.  Stanford  served  with 
the  expedition  to  Hanover  in  1805  ;  at  the  capture 
of  Madehu  in  1807;  and  subsequently  in  the 
Peninsula,  with  the  Buffs  and  the  29th.  He  was 
present  in  Sir  John  Moore's  retreat  to  Gorunna, 
in  the  battles  of  Talavera,  Busaco,  and  Albuera, 
in  retreat  to  and  defence  of  the  lines  of  Torres 
Vedras,  the  pursuit  of  Messina,  the  actions  of 
Fombal,  Redinha,  and  Campo  Mayor,  and  first 
siege  of  Badajoz.  In  1814  he  accompanied  the 
expedition  to  America,  and  was  present  at  the 
attack  and  capture  of  the  forts  of  Castine  and 
Machins.  He  served  also  in  the  campaign  of 
1815,  including  the  capture  of  Paris.  He  received 
a  medal  and  cbsps  for  the  battles  of  Talavera  and 
Albuera.    Dr.  Stanford  has  left  no  family. 

Aged  77,  Amelia,  reUct  of  W.  G.  Daniel  Tysseu, 
esq.  late  of  Foley  House,  Foulden  Hall,  Norfolk, 
and  Farleigh  House,  Sandgate.  She  was  only  sur- 
viving dau.  of  Capt.  John  Amherst,  R.N.  by  Mary, 
sister  of  Francb  iS'ssen,  esq.  of  Hackney  and  Foul- 
den. She  was  married  in  1794 ;  her  husband  took 
the  additional  name  of  Tysseu  in  1814,  and  died  in 
1837,  having  had  issne  four  sons  and  four  daugh- 
ters. 

Auy.  7.  In  Lansdowne-road,  Soutii  Lambeth, 
aged  82,  Thomas  Barrett,  esq.  of  Mark-lane. 

At  Frenchay-lodge,  aged  80,  Susan,  relict  of 
Samuel  Brice,  esq. 

At  Aydach  House,  the  residence  of  her  brother, 
Charlotte,  wife  of  Prestwood  Lucas,  M  JD.  of  Brecon. 

In  Wimpole-st.  aged  21,  Stewart  Malton,  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  William  Malton,  esq. 

At  Kingstown,  aged  48,  William  Barker  Pal- 
grave,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  William  Palgrave, 


esq.  many  years  collector  of  H.  M.  CuBtoma  at 
Dublin,  and  previously  at  Qreat  Yarmouth,  Norf. 

In  the  Close,  Salisbury,  aged  81,  Diana,  widow 
of  Thomas  Tatum,  esq. 

Aug.  8 .  Aged  78,  James  Shudi  Broadwood,  etq. 
of  Lyne  Newdigate,  Surrey. 

At  the  residence  of  his  iH-other,  in  Lcmdon,  aged 
48,  Christopher  Davison,  esq.  late  of  HartlepoM. 

At  Laaaanne,  Miss  Caroline  Forbes. 

At  the  residence  of  the  Right  Hon.  John  Nlchcdl, 
in  Belgrave-square,  aged  42,  Horatia,  wife  of 
Thomas  Oalsford,  esq.  She  was  the  dau.  of  the 
lato  Kear-Adm.  C.  Fielding,  by  Lady  Elizabetli, 
widow  of  Wm.  Davernxxt  Talbot,  esq.  and  dau.  of 
Henry-Thomas  2d  Earl  of  Ilchester.  She  was 
consequently  sister  to  the  Countess  of  Moxmt- 
Edgeeombe,  and  half-sister  to  Mr.  Fox-Talbot. 

In  Mansfield-st.  Lieut  .-Col.  James  Ballard  Oar- 
diner,  late  of  the  1st  Life  Guards.  He  entered  the 
army  in  1803,  served  with  the  50th  in  the  expe- 
dition to  Copenhagen  in  1807,  in  the  campai^iis 
in  Portugal  and  Spain  in  1908-9,  and  was  present 
at  the  battles  of  Roleia,  Vhniera,  and  Corunna. 
In  1809  he  also  served  in  the  expedition  to  Wal- 
cheren.  From  1810  to  1813  he  again  served  in  the 
Peninsula,  and  at  Vittoria,  In  the  latter  year,  was 
very  severely  wounded.  He  had  received  the  war 
medal  with  four  clai^. 

At  Norbury  Park,  Surrey,  aged  15,  Leonard, 
son  of  Mr.  Grissdl. 

In  Charlotte-6t.  Bedford-sq.  aged  83,  Henry 
Langley,  esq. 

At  Great  Malvern,  Lucy-Margaret,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Richard  Moland,  esq.  of  Springfield 
House,  Warw. 

Aug.  24.  At  Pittville  Parade,  Cheltenham,  aged 
32,  Wniiam-Dlxon,  thhrd  son  of  Thomas  Badjge^ 
esq.  of  the  HUl,  Dudley. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OF  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  issued  by  the  Registrar- General,) 


Deaths  Registered 

t 

Births 
Registered. 

Week  ending 
Saturday, 

Under 
15. 

15  to 
60. 

60  and     Age  not 
upwards.'  specified. 

Total. 

1 

Males. 

1 

Femgles.  \ 

1 

July        26  . 
Aug.          2  . 

;,                   9      • 

„      16  . 
M      23  . 

486 
541 
548 
565 
502 

301 
269 
310 
317 
262 

169  ;    — 

196           10 
180     1       — 
179    '      — 

184             8 

■ 

y 

956  1 
1016  ; 
1038 
1061  i 

956 

1 

473 
515 
536 
530 
502 

483     1 

501 

502 

531 

454 

1383 
1451 
1477 
1500 
1455 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Aug.  22. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

8,    d. 

s.    d. 

s.    d. 

«.    d. 

s,    d. 

s.    d. 

41     4 

26    4 

21    9 

27    0 

30    8 

27     2 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Aug.  25. 

The  reports  are  more  favourable  than  last  month,  the  fine  weather  having  forced  the 
hops  more  than  was  expected.     Still  a  great  portion  of  the  crop  is  lost. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Aug,  25. 

Hay,  3/.  5«.  to  4/.  0#.— Straw,  1/.  U.  to  1/.  10«.— Clover,  3/.  bs.  to  4/.  10«. 

SMITHFIELD,  Aug.  25.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81b8. 


Beef 2s, 

Mutton  . . .  • 28, 

Veal 2s. 

Pork 2s, 


id.  to  3«.  6d, 
6d.  to  3«.  lOd. 
6d.  to  3«.  6d. 
Ad.  to  Zs.    Sd. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Aug.  25. 

Beasts 4642    Calves  383 

Sheep  and  Lambs  31,560   Pigs      395 


COAL  MARKET,  Aug.  22. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  ISf.  6d,  to  Hs.  9d,  per  ton.    Other  sorts,  Us.  Od,  to  13«.  9<f. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.<*-Town  Tallow,  d9#.  6<f.     Yellow  Ruwna,  d9#,  6<f. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CAUY,  Strakd. 
Fram  July  £6,  to  Augtat  25,  1851,  bolA  fnc/tuir«. 


Fahrenheit's  Tl 


II 


■herm.             ; 

Fnhrenhe 

t-9  Therm. 

ii 

x3 

1 

11 

W«Mber. 

■'    in.pts.,' 
.  55   29,  7^  ff»ir,  oloudt. 

*,T    M 

68 

°    lin.  pts. 
63   30,  II 

fair,  clondT 

1  60       ,91    ido.  do. 

12  '  63 

79 

63 

,04 

do.  do. 

61       ,  SI    do.  do.  rain 

13  1  63 

80 

61 

29,  9i 

61        ,81    do.  do.  do. 

14  '  68 

73 

C3 

,  91 

do.da.sllit.ra. 

-  58       ,8S,do.do.hT.rD. 

IS  i  67 

75 

61 

do.  do. 

63       ,97  'do.  do.  ■  do. 

16  .  63 

74 

C* 

30,01 

do.do.do.da. 

1  63  ,     ,  98  ,  do.  do. 

17     69  1  C6 

61 

29,94 

do.doJiy.M»J. 

07  30,  Mljdo.  do. 
65  1     .  09  1  da 

IS 
19 

61 

56 

65 

57 

30,  13 
.36 

,do.  do. 
do. 

63  ,  68  ,  58  : 


10     58  '  65     58 


20 
■/I 

63 
6-1 

f^ 

fiH 

23 

(W 

60 

25 

60  j 

I  64.  '     ,  03  I  do. 

59  .29,  97  I  do.  du. 
I  56  :     ,81  !do.da.hr.m. 

:  55  30,  10   do. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


1^ 

.1 

g  s 

llldllll        « 

Ei.  Bill*, 
^1000. 

!l 

oa; 

oo 

i  <o<-      1 

28215} 

97 
97 

9C 

99   9JJ 58  pm. 

99 262   60  5f|.m 

48    51  pm 

292I6J 

96 

50    47  pm. 

30216J 

97 

96 
96 

98i   7 5759pd.. 

47    60  pm. 

312161 

97 

99      7 5956pni 

9HJ   7      107} 

46  pm. 

l,215j 

97 

96 

45  pm. 

97 
97 

96 

9MJ    7 261i    58  pm. 

44     47  pDi. 

J'215j 

96 

99     7       96}^ 262i5*57pn. 

44    47  pm 

5  216 

97 

96 

03      7     1 , 51pm. 

46    48  pm 

G215J 

97 

96 

99  ,  r       97    26S     SSpm. 

48    46  pm 

7  215 

97 

96 

B9i' ' '26:i   

46    Mpm 

H2I5I 

97 

96 
96 

99j,  n  1 107J, 55  pm. 

49    47  pm 

9  216 

97 
97 

991 '262   i5  5Bpin 

49  pm*. 

ir215j 

96 

99  ' 1 54  57pin 

49     46  pm 

12  215} 

97 

96 

99* 54  57  pm 

49    46  pm 

t3  21&} 

97 

96 

991   7i 261      57  pm. 

46    49  pm 

14215} 

97 

96 

99      7j 260i    58  pm. 

47     50  pm 

15 

97 

96 
96 

99      7| 58  pm. 

99     l\ 262   55  58  pm 

50     46  pm 

16' 

97 

50    46  pm 

18  215; 

97 

96 

9Bi    7} 54  pm. 

S4    57  pm 

19  215] 

97. 
97 

96 
96 

'■>H    'S 262    57  54pm. 

47    44  pm 

20215} 

99     7)   107} 355Gpm 

44    47  pm 

21  215} 

97 

96 

99(, 260   5157pm 

47    48  pm 

22  215} 

97 
97 

96 
90 

99i   7| — 

45    49  pm 

23  215} 

99   — 57  pm. 

49  pm^ 

2^215} 

97 

9C 

99     7i 57  pm. 

49     46  pm 

26 

97  ■ 

96 
9C 

^H   ?1 ii62   5157  pm 

49    46  pm 

27216 

97 

98J   7S 260J535Gpra 

40    49  pm 

J.J 

ARNULL.  StL..'k  aiij  .Share  jjtol, 

3,C<.pth«llCliMnl«r.,A 

Thropiiorto 

ije'l  Court. 

n  StTSrt,  London. 

F.  a.  MIOHOLI  AND  SON, 


2i,  PAELIAIHKT  ITRBnT, 


838 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


The  Head  of  Cromwell.—"  Mr. 
Urban, — From  the  *  Minor  Correspond- 
ence '  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
August,  1851,  there  seems  to  be  an  interest 
afloat  concerning  the  pictures  and  busts  of 
Oliver  CromweU.  The  writer  of  this  saw 
some  years  ago  an  embalmed  head,  which 
was  supposed  to  be  the  identical  head 
which  was  placed  on  Westminster  Hall 
between  the  heads  of  Ireton  and  Brad- 
shaw.  It  really  bore  a  resemblance  to 
Oliver  Cromwell.  The  spike  and  part  of 
the  pole  were  also  seen  at  the  same  time. 
It  then  belonged  to  a  Mr.  Wilkinson,  a 
medical  gentleman  well  known  in  his  pro- 
fession. He  is  not  living.  Some  inquiry 
should  be  made  concerning  it.  It  was 
publicly  exhibited  by  Cox  at  his  museum 
at  the  beginning  of  the  French  Revolution, 
about  1792.— Yours,  &c.  P.  Q." 

[We  have  heard  of  these  presumed  relics 
before.  Their  validity  was  considered  some 
years  ago  by  the  gentleman  most  competent 
to  determine  such  a  question,  and  satis- 
factory evidence  obtained  that  the  head  in 
question  could  not  be  that  of  Cromwell. 
Perhaps  some  correspondent  will  set  the 
question  at  rest  in  our  pages. — Ed.] 

In  our  Memoir  of  the  late  Earl  of 
Derby  (August,  p.  101)  we  copied  the 
report  then  circulated  by  the  newspapers 
that  the  Earl  had  bequeathed  his  magnifi- 
cent menagerie  and  aviary  to  Her  Majesty, 
or,  failing  her  acceptance,  to  the  Zoological 
Society,  of  which  his  Lordship  was  Pre- 
sident. The  facts  which  gave  rise  to  this 
report  are  these : — Lord  Derby  did  not 
make  any  bequest  of  his  collection  of 
living  animals,  but  expressed  a  wish,  shortly 
before  his  decease,  that  Her  Majesty  and 
the  Society  should  each  select  a  species. 
The  Zoological  Society  has  made  choice 
of  a  valuable  series  of  antelopes  of  great 
variety,  said  to  be  worth  eight  hundred  or 
a  thousand  pounds  ;  and  Her  Majesty,  it 
is  expected,  will  select  a  very  beautiful 
and  rare  series  of  eight  swans,  all  of  pure 
white,  excepting  the  head  and  upper  por- 
tion of  the  neck,  which  are  black.  The 
rest  of  the  collection,  consisting  of  345 
mammals  and  1,272  birds,  is  to  be  sold 
by  auction.  The  sale  will  take  place  at 
Knowsley  during  the  week  commencing 
October  6th.  On  Monday  the  deer  will 
be  sold;  Tuesday,  the  antelopes;  Wednes- 
day, the  cattle,  goats,  sheep,  and  llamas  ; 
Thursday,  the  zebras,  kangaroos,  rodents, 
lemurs,  armadilloes,  and  dogs  ;  and  on 
Friday  and  Saturday  the  birds.  The  cata- 
logue occupies  fifty  quarto  pages. 


Roman  Antiquities  at  Loget  near  Fe- 
camp.— In  January  last  some  labourers 
employed  by  M.  Fauques-Lemaitre,  of 
Bolbec,  to  make  a  road  in  the  forest  of 
Loges  to  his  property  at  Fongueusemare, 
discovered  a  large  jar  or  doiium  of  baked 
earth,  covered  with  a  red  patera,  and  con- 
taining a  beautiful  glass  urn  filled  with 
burnt  bones.  Informed  of  the  discovery 
by  means  of  the  public  papers,  the  Abb^ 
Cochet  proceeded  immediately  to  Loget. 
The  appearance  of  the  soil  and  a  slight 
excavation  enabled  him  at  once  to  recog- 
nise in  the  midst  of  this  lonely  wood  the 
site  of  an  ancient  cemetery,  which  the  new 
road  had  cut  through.  Assured  of  the 
fact,  he  deferred  to  a  more  favourable 
season  an  exploration,  which  he  completed 
on  the  15th  of  August.  The  total  number 
of  vases  exhumed,  either  in  the  road  or 
on  the  sides,  amounts  about  120,  of  which 
50  at  least  contained  ashes  and  burnt 
bones.  Among  them  is  a  Samian  patera 
with  the  potter's  name,  damini.m.  The 
glass  urns  afford  the  names  of  two  makers, 
who  appear  to  be  of  the  same  family.  They 
are  front. s.c.f.  and  F.F.FRONT.^^rom 
the  Viffie  de  Dieppe, 

Mr.  Urban,— On  one  of  the  fly-leaves 
in  MS.  No.  695  in  the  University  Library, 
Cambridge,  are  the  following  lines.  Are 
they  not  worth  preserving  ? 

In  older  timo  an  anticnt  cuMtomo  was 
In  waljrhtic  nmtteri*  to  8we«rc  by  ye  maue, 
Ihit  M  hen  yc  iuo-hsc  was  downc  >-e  old  men  note 
Thoy  hworc  by  the  cnMi«o  of  ye  gray  grote ; 
And  when  ye  crosic  was  likcwiae  held  in  scome. 
Then  faiUi  and  troth  waa  all  the  oath  was  •wome. 
But  when  faith  and  troth  were  lott  both, 
Then  (iod  dam'  nic  wa-i  a  common  oath. 
Soe  ciutomo  got  decorum  by  gradatkm, 
MasMo,  cros.se,  faith,  troth  outsworne,  yw  came 
(Uuunation. 

Also,  on  the  fly-leaf  at  the  end  of  the 
volume  of  music,  MS.  No.  43.  bonnd  qd 
with  No.  44,—  ^ 


Credit 

Say 

Desire 

Spend 

Doe 


Mark  this  lesson,— 
Seme  Qod  ouer. 


not  all 
y*thon 


Hearest. 

Thinkest 

Seett. 

HMt. 

Maist 


But  of  all  thinffcs  Uke  heed  of  the  beginnlnge ; 
See  the  middle,  and  praise  the  endinge  { 
Doo  that  w«h  is  Kood,  say  that  is  tme ; 
Cherish  old  fHcnds,  chaung  for  no  new. 

C. 

Vaoa's  letter  has  been  receiTed.    We 
are  obliged  to  him. 


THE 


GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 


Aia> 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


UNPUBLISHED  LETTERS  OF  EDMUND  BURKE,  RELATIVE  TO  HIS 
OFFICE  OF  PAYMASTER-GENERAL  AND  THE  INTERPRETATION 
OF  HIS  OWN  ACT  OF  PARLIAMENT. 

EDMUND  BURKE  was  Paymas-  counts.     In  answer  to  which  he  wrote 

ter-Greneral  of  his  Majesty's  Forces  as  follows : 

from  the   10th  of  April,  1782,  to  31  «  So  far  as  I  am  concerned,  I  have  no 

July,  1782.     His  successor,  to  whom  reason  not  to  believe  the  above  account 

I  shall  have  occasion  also  to  refer,  was  to  be  true. 

Colonel  Isaac  Barre,  a  distinguished  ^*  Eom.  Burke.*' 

member  of  Parliament,   and  one    of  This  not  being  sufficient  attestation  to 

many  to  whom  the  Letters  of  Junius  satisfy  the  commissioners,  he  was  in- 

are  attributed.  formed  thereof  on  the    17th  March, 

When  Burke  was  paymaster  the  1794,  by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Wiggles- 
accounts  of  his  office  were  examined  worth,  the  inspector  to  whom  his  ac- 
by  the  Auditors  of  the  Imprests  ;  but,  counts  had  been  entrusted  for  exami- 
as  in  those  days  the  auditing  of  the  nation ;  and  again  called  upon  to  at- 
accounts  was  generally  very  much  in  test  his  account  as  required  by  the 
arrear,  the  office  of  the  two  Auditors  Act.  "  I  am  likewise,"  he  writes,  "di- 
had  been  abolished  before  Burke's  ac-  rected  to  transmit  to  you  for  your  in- 
counts  were  passed,  and  the  duty  of  formation  a  copy  of  the  oath,  from 
examining  the  public  accounts  en-  which,  being  in  the  ancient  and  accns- 
trusted  in  the  meantime  to  commis-  tomed  form  of  words  used  in  the  Court 
sioners  appointed  by  letters  patent,  of  Exchequer  on  like  occasions,  the 
To  these  commissioners  the  accounts  board  do  not  think  themselves  autho- 
of  Mr.  Burke  were  made  over  for  rised  to  deviate."  In  the  same  letter, 
examination  and  final  allowance.  Mr.  Wigglesworth  further   acquaints 

By  an  Act  "  for  the  better  regula-  him  that  a  clerk  from  the  Audit  OfEice 

tion  of  the  Office  of  the  Paymaster-  would  attend  him  with  his  account  to 

General    of  the    Forces,"    passed  in  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer, 

1783,   the   account  of  the  paymaster  or  the  Cursitor  Baron,  whenever  he 

was  to  be  "signed  and  attested"  by  should  appoint,  the  board  hoping  at 

every  Paymaster- General  who  should  the  same  time  that  he  would  fix  an 

have  paid  or  discharged  any  part  of  early  day  for  that  purpose, 

the  said  account,  "  the  first  account  to  lie  following  is  the  oath  which  the 

commence  on  the  10th  of  April,  1782,  commissioners    called    on   Burke    to 

[the  period   of    Burke's    commence-  make: — 

ment]  and  to  end  the  24th  day  of  De-  u  jhe  right  honourable  Edmund  Burke, 

cember  following."  late  Paymaster- General  of  his  Majesty'a 

On  the  14th  February,  1794,  Mr.  Forces  from  the  10th  of  April  to  the  31  at 

Burke  was  called  upon  by  the  com-  July,  1782,  maketh  oath  that  the  several 

missioners  to  sign  and  attest  his  ac-  accounts  in  this  book  contained  for  the 


340 


Unpublished  Letters  of  Edmund  Burke, 


[Oct. 


period  above  mentioned  are  just  and  true, 
to  the  best  of  bis  knowledge  and  belief/' 

To  Mr.  Wigglesworth's  letter  Mr. 
Burke  returned  the  following  verbal 
answer : — 

*'  Mr.  Burke  can  have  no  knowledge  or 
belief  on  the  subject :  the  Act  was  intended 
that  from  the  moment  of  his  quitting  the 
office  he  should  have  none — nor  any  means 
of  knowledge  or  belief.  He  may  safely 
swear  that  it  is  true  for  anything  he  knows 
to  the  contrary." 

On  the  28th  March,  1794,  Mr.  Wig- 
glesworth  informed  Mr.  Burke  by 
letiQT  that  no  answer  had  been  given 
to  the  application  of  the  board,  and 
that  unless  he  attested  his  account  as 
required  by  the  Act,  the  comniissioners 
would  be  obliged  to  take  such  mea- 
sures for  compelling  him  "  as  their 
duty  shall  prescribe. 

To  this  Mr.  Burke  made  the  follow- 
ing reply. 

To  John  Wigglesworthf  Esq. 

"5  April,  1794. 
"  Sir, — I  have  received  frequent  applica- 
tions to  swear  to  the  best  of  my  know- 
ledge and  belief  in  a  matter  of  which  I 
have  no  knowledge  or  memory  at  all.  I 
have  not,  as  you  assert,  decliued  to  give 
an  answer  to  your  requisition,  but  have 
sent  a  verbal  message  by  the  gentleman 
who  brought  me  the  copy  of  the  attesta- 
tion required,  to  the  effect  that  I  was  per- 
fectly willing  to  swear  an  attestation,  of 
which  1  sent  a  copy, — viz.  That  the  ac- 
counts were  true  for  anything  I  know  to 
the  contrary  ;  and  this  in  the  earliest  way 
I  could  think  of  1  sent  by  the  same  gen- 
tleman, and  in  return  I  have  received  the 
letter  you  thought  proper  to  write  to  me. 
You  assume  a  tone  of  authority,  as  if  I  was 
a  public  accountant,  which  I  am  not,  hav- 
ing no  public  money  in  my  hands,  as  1 
believe  you  know,  nor  any  public  accounts 
whatsoever  relative  to  the  Pay  Office  in 
my  custody.  The  purpose  of  the  Bill 
which  I  carried  through  the  House,  for 
regulating  the  Pay  Office,  was  to  make 
that  office  not  a  private  office,  as  it  had 
been  before,  but  a  public  office  ;  and  that 
the  Paymaster -General  should  when  he 
was  out  of  the  office  have  no  further 
concern  in  or  trouble  about  it.  The 
Paymaster- General  named  in  that  Act  is 
always  the  Paymaster -General  for  the 
time  being.  If  you  can  make  out  that  I 
have  any  account,  or  any  public  money  in 
my  hands,  I  shall  be  very  ready  to  pro- 
duce the  one  or  pay  the  other ;  if  not,  you 
will  have  the  sense  to  look  for  them  where 
they  can  be  found.     As  to  the  menaces  of 


your  letter,  you  may  do  what  you  please. 
I  am  at  present  very  busily  employed  in 
my  parliamentary  duties,  and  have  not 
time  for  a  further  correspondence  with 
you,  or  for  troubling  myself  further  than 
I  have  above  expressed  my  willingnefs 
to  do. 

"  I  am,  Sir,  &c. 

**  EOM.  BU&KB." 

The  Commissioners*  next  proceeding 
was  to  lay  the  case,  with  the  corre- 
spondence, before  theAttornev-General 
and  Solicitor-  General,  for  their  opinion. 
The  then  law  officers  of  the  Crown 
(John  Scott  and  John  Mitford)  giving 
it  as  their  opinion,  **  That  Mr.  Burke 
is  not  only  bound  to  attest  the  truth 
of  it,  but  that  the  Commissioners  can- 
not reckon  it  as  a  perfect  account 
unless  it  shall  be  so  attested ;  and  that 
they  may,  moreover,  under  the  25th 
George  III.  cap.  52,  sec.  12,  examine 
Mr.  Burke  on  oath  before  themselves, 
if  they  shall  see  fit,  touching  the  re- 
ceipt and  expenditure  of  the  money.** 
....  "  There  may,"  they  add,  "  pos- 
sibly be  something  in  the  nature  of  Uie 
office  of  Paymaster,  as  constituted  in 
conse(iuence  of  the  change  introduced 
in  1782,  which  may  give  ground  to 
Mr.  Burke*s  objections,  of  which  we 
arc  not  aware.  It  may  therefore  be 
proper  to  request  Mr.  Burke  to  state 
distmctly  upon  what  grounds  he  con- 
ceives tnat  the  Paymaster- General  is 
not  under  the  necessity  of  attesting  his 
accounts  upon  oath,  notwithstanding 
the  words  of  the  Act  of  the  23d  George 
III.  cap.  50,  sec.  8,  requiring  every 
Paymaster  who  has  paid  or  discharged 
any  part  of  an  account  to  sign  and 
attest  the  same." 

The  Commissioners  transmitted  a 
copy  of  the  "  opinion  "  to  Mr.  Burke, 
who  replied  as  follows  : — 

To  John  WiggleiUforthj  Btq. 

"  Beaconsfield,  January  16,  1795. 
"  Sir,— The  duty,  which  obliges  every 
man  possessing  public  money,  or  materiab 
for  making  up  an  account  of  it,  would 
long  since  have  made  me  save  yon  and 
myself  the  trouble  of  correspondence  on 
the  subject,  but  as  I  have  repeatedly  had 
the  honour  of  telling  you  I  have  no  public 
money  in  my  hands  in  consequence  of  my 
having  held  the  office  of  Paymaatcr ;  1 
have  no  account  or  copy  of  an  account,  or 
voucher  or  any  materials  out  of  which  an 
account  can  be  made  or  contcientionaly 
sworn  to  as  exact;  and  I  am  persuade4 


1851.] 


Unpublished  Letters  of  Edmund  Burke. 


841 


that,  after  eleyen  years,  I  should  not  so 
mocii  as  recollect  the  objects  to  which 
the  Paymasters  accounts  relate.  All  the 
great  men  of  the  law  cannot  convince  me, 
(mean  an  opinion  as  I  ought  to  entertain 
of  my  own  understanding)  that  I  had  so 
worded  a  Bill,  which  I  had  the  honour 
to  bring  into  parliament,  and  which  went 
through  the  scrutiny  of  two  sessions,  that 
it  became  a  trap  to  myself,  by  which  I 
should  be  obliged  to  swear  to  what  it  is* 
impossible  I  should  know,  or  subject  my- 
self to  penalties.  They  who  are  supposed 
to  have  a  right  to  exact  such  an  oath,  and 
who  are  so  desirous  of  exacting  it,  must 
be  conscious  that  I  cannot  swear  whether 
the  matter  of  it  be  true  or  false. 

"The  end,  object,  and  whole  drift  of 
that  Act  was  to  change  the  Pay  Office 
from  a  private  bureau  to  be  a  place  of 
public  account  and  of  public  record.  It  * 
proposed  that  the  Paymaster,  who  was  no 
longer  to  profit  of  the  public  money, 
should  no  longer  be  responsible  for  it, 
further  than  criminally  for  neglect  or  cor- 
ruption. In  consequence  of  that  act,  all 
the  accounts  are  at  a  place  where  they 
may  be  found  and  examined,  and  this  is 
the  substance.  They  may  be  much  better 
verified  than  by  oaths  shot  at  random. 
Formerly  the  Paymaster  carried  away  his 
books.  It  was  then  just  and  reasonable 
to  call  on  him  for  accounts  the  materials 
of  which  were  in  his  hands.  To  pass  by 
the  office  where  the  accounts  are,  and  to 
go  to  the  oath  of  the  person  who  has  them 
not,  appears  to  my  poor  understanding  so 
irrational  that  I  cannot  take  it  to  be  the 
true  sense  of  the  Act.  Whether  it  be  or 
not,  I  cannot  swear  to  what  I  do  not 
know,  nor  have  any  means  to  aid  my 
knowledge,  or  on  which,  at  this  time,  to 
ground  my  belief.  If,  in  addition  to  the 
former  oath  which  I  offered,  you  require 
that  I  should  add  '  not  being  possessed  of 
any  paper  or  voucher  on  which  my  know- 
ledge of  the  subject  can  be  grounded,  and 
not  having  any  public  money  in  my  hands 
in  virtue  of  the  trust  of  the  Pay  Office 
aforesaid,'  I  am  ready  to  swear  to  both 
these  points  in  any  manner  you  think  fit. 
But  as  to  my  swearing  absolutely  in  the 
manner  you  require,  I  am  extremely  sorry 
that  I  am  obliged  to  decline  an  obedience 
to  your  injunctions,  and  to  submit  mvself 
to  your  power  for  the  penalties,  from 
which  however  I  trust  that  on  my  humble 
petition  the  justice  of  parliament  will  be 
pleased  to  acquit  me,  as  I  hope  they  will 
be  of  opinion  that  all  their  statutes  should 
have  a  reasonable  construction. 
"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  Sir, 

*'  Your  most  obed*  and  humble  servant, 

'*£01C.  BURKB." 

The  Commiaaionen  now  ioBtracied 


their  solicitor  to  laj  Mr.  Burke*8  letter 
before  the  Attorney  and  Solicitor- 
Grenerals  for  their  fiirther  opinion  and 
directions.  The  *' opinion**  on  the 
second  case  is  in  these  words : 

"  We  have  perused  Mr.  Burke's  letter, 
and  it  does  not  appear  to  us  that  the 
Commissioners  can  forbear  requiring  from 
Mr.  Burke  that  attestation  of  his  account 
which  the  statute  directs  them  to  receive 
from  every  Paymaster,  and  without  which 
we  apprehend  his  account  will  not  be  duly 
rendered,  as  stated  in  our  former  opinion. 
We  apprehend  the  attestation  required  of 
Mr.  Burke  is  only  that  so  much  of  the 
account  as  relates  to  himself,  namely, 
from  the  10  of  April  to  the  31  July,  1782, 
is  just  and  true,  to  the  best  of  his  know- 
ledge and  belief.  If  Mr.  Burke  shall 
persist  in  his  refusal  to  comply  with  the 
terms  of  the  Act,  we  have  pointed  out 
what  we  conceive  to  be  the  proper  mode 
of  proceeding  in  our  former  opinion. 

**  John  Scott. 
"  John  Mitpord. 

«  20  April,  1795." 

Burke  still  holding  out,  the  Com- 
missioners, on  the  27th  May,  1795, 
signed  a  peremptory  precept  that  he 
should  attest  to  nis  account  m  the  pre- 
scribed form.  Still  unwilling,  he  ac- 
knowledges the  precept,  and  replies  as 
follows : 

Ih  the  Commitiionert  for  Auditing  the 
Public  Aeeountg. 

''  Beaconsfield,  May  28th,  1795. 
"  Gentlemen, — I  received  your  peremp- 
tory of  the  27th.  I  had  b^n  before  in 
London  in  obedience  to  your  former  per- 
emptory commands.  I  understood  from 
persons  connected  with  the  administration 
of  his  Majesty's  Treasury  that  I  shoiUd 
not  again  be  called  from  my  retreat,  with 
some  trouble  to  myself  and  no  advantage 
to  the  public.  For  the  first  time  these 
ten  years  I  went  to  the  Pay  Office,  and  a 
gentleman  of  that  office  assured  me  that 
he  would  attend  you  and  give  yon  all  the 
information  which  as  auditors  of  the  na- 
tional accounts  you  might  want.  I  could 
give  you  none  upon  an  account  which, 
though  you  are  pleased  to  call  mine,  waa 
never  made  up  by  me,  nor  so  much  aa 
communicated  to  me;  nor  do  I  know  any- 
thing about  it.  The  Act  on  which  yon  go 
was  drawn  up  by  myself;  afterwards  un- 
doubtedly it  was  the  act  of  the  legislature; 
but  I  may  be  presumed  to  guess  as  rightly 
as  another  at  what  1  myself  meant  on- 
ginally.  I  certainly  never  meant  that 
thirteen  years  after  a  transaction  in  whieii 
all  the  books,  papers^  and  fou^en  are  in 


342 


Ulrich  von  Hutten, 


[Oct, 


the  hands  of  others,  not  those  who  have 
made  up  the  accouDt,  but  some  nominal 
accountant,  who  perhaps  might  not  be 
alive,  should  attest  the  account.  I  am  a 
man  of  no  great  capacity ;  but,  weak  as  I 
am,  I  did  not  mean  this,  nor  do  1  suppose 
the  public  wisdom  meant  what  would  be 
absurd  in  a  man  of  ordinary  abilities. 
Parliament  with  all  its  omnipotence  can- 
not turn  my  invincible  ignorance  into 
knowledge;  nor  can  his  Majesty's  Re- 
membrancer, with  whom  you  are  pleased 
to  threaten  me,  with  all  his  powers  of 
memory,  make  me  remember  the  detail  of 
a  complicated  account  of  thirteen  years* 
standing,  of  which  I  have  neither  book 
nor  voucher.  You  may  plague  and  harass 
mc,  but  you  cannot  advance  the  public 
service.  I  will  not  however  suspect  you 
of  an  intention  of  harassing  a  weak,  impo- 
tent old  man,  no  longer  in  a  place  in 
which  he  may  speak  to  you.  Such  a 
mode  of  proceeding  would  not  be  worthy 
of  the  official  character  you  hold,  or  of 
your  private,  of  which  I  know  nothing 
amiss,  and  am  not  disposed  to  think  to 
be  other  than  what  becomes  men  of  inte- 
grity and  honour.  If  you  persevere  1 
must  go  to  you ;  and  here  protesting,  as  I 
do,  on  my  own  part,  against  swearing  to 
what  I  do  not  know  (in  the  place  of  those 
that  do  know  it),  as  well  as  on  the  part 
of  the  public,  against  this  improper  way 
of  accounting,  I  do  declare  that  I  look 
upon  the  oath  (if  an  oath  it  is  to  be)  to 
be  a  mere  form  of  words,  extorted  from 
me  by  a  power  which  I  cannot  resist,  and 
in  that  light,  and  in  that  only,  do  I  or 
can  I  take  it.  So  please  God  I  shall  be 
with  yoQ  on  Tuesday,  with  the  officers  of 


the  Pay  Office,  that  yoa  may  diooM 
whether  you  will  take  the  real  attattation 
of  a  real  accountant,  or  the  formal  atteata- 
tion  of  one  who  previously  declares  to 
you  he  knows  nothing  of  the  matter.  1 
hope  in  this  I  clear  myself  as  wdl  aa  I 
can  of  any  share  in  this  mode  of  account, 
so  unreasonable  in  itself,  and  so  mis- 
chievous in  the  example. 

'  *  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  with  great 
fespect,  gentlemen,  your  most  obed'  and 
humble  serv*, 

"  Edic.  Burkb.*' 

Colonel  Barre,  Burke*8  successor  in 
his  office,  was  applied  to  by  the  Com- 
missioners for  a  similar  attestation  to 
his  accounts.  "  As  soon  as  I  shall  be 
informed,"  was  Barrd's  reply,  ''that 
my  immediate  predecessor  shall  haye 
complied  with  tneir  directions,  I  shall 
be  ready  to  do  what  is  necessary  on 
my  part."  Burke  never  did  attest 
his,  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the 
Treasury  directing  the  Commissioners 
of  Audit,  by  letter  of  3d  June,  1795, 
"  not  to  take  any  further  steps  in  this 
business  without  their  lordships*  fbr- 
ther  directions  on  this  subject."  No 
further  written  directions  were  given, 
and  the  accounts  were  therefore  au- 
dited without  Mr.  Burke*s  legal  attes- 
tation. That  Burke  was  wrone  in  law 
there  can  be  no  doubt.  That  ne  pro- 
perly interpreted  his  own  intentions 
m  the  Act  tnere  can  be  no  doubt  what- 
ever. 

Peter  Cunninoham. 


ULRICH    VON    HUTTEN. 
Part  II. 


THE  WURTBMBERG  TRAGEDY. 


A  PRINCE  who  has  received  the 
warmest  praise  and  the  bitterest  blame 
is  Ulrich  of  Wurtemberg,  the  third 
Duke  of  that  country.  Born  in  1487, 
and  left  an  orphan  young,  he  had  for 
guardian  the  Emperor  Maximilian. 
But  when  only  thirteen  years  of  age 
he  was  allowed  to  have  full  control 
over  himself  and  his  dominions.  De- 
livered thus  early  to  the  bent  of  his 
own  will,  and  tne  promptings  of  his 
own  caprices,  it  cannot  be  wondered 
at  if  great  errors  entangled,  great  vices 
stained,  and  sreat  grieis  saddened,  his 
path.     The  Knight*8  valour  and  the 


knight*8  high  spirit  seem  to  hare  been 
his  in  no  ordinary  degree,  and  bis 
talents  were  unquestionable ;  but  un- 
bridled passions,  a  contempt  for  the 
feelings  and  opinions  of  others,  the  ar- 
bitrary temper  rather  than  the  cruel 
disposition  of  the  tyrant,  neutralized 
all  nis  better  qualities.  In  his  seven- 
teenth year  ho  was  commissioned  to 
execute  the  ban  of  the  empire  asainst 
Philip  the  Elector  of  the  Palatinate. 
A  result  of  this  was  some  addition  to 
his  own  territory.  He  subseauently 
fought  against  Venice,  under  tne  im- 
perial banner.  In  1519,  as  oommaader 


1851.] 


Ulrioh  von  Hutten. 


843 


of  the  Emperor*B  troops  in  France,  he 
took  Dijon.  Heavy  taxes  and  other 
oppressions  turned  against  him  the 
heart  of  his  subjects,  especially  the 
peasantry,  and  provoked  a  formidable 
msurrection,  which  cost  much  trouble 
to  suppress.  When  auiet  was  in  some 
measure  restored,  Ulrich  attended  a 
Congress  at  which  King  Sigismund  the 
First  of  Poland,  and  King  Ladislaus  the 
Second  of  Hungary,  were  present,  and 
Ulrich  contributed  powerfully  to  es- 
tablish friendly  relations  between  those 
two  Kings  and  Austria.  In  the  coil 
of  difficulties  into  which  Ulrich's  con- 
tentions with  his  subiecto  had  brought 
him  none  had  aided  nim  so  efiectuall^, 
or  served  him  so  faithfully,  as  Ludwig 
von  Hutten,  already  mentioned.  Be- 
sides assisting  him  with  troops,  Ludwig 
had  lent  his  sovereign  ten  thousand 
gold  florins,  for  which  he  refused  to 
accept  any  interest.  Ludwig  had  four 
sons.  Oi  these  he  was  most  attached 
to  Johann,  who  for  his  nobleness,  his 
beauty,  and  his  accomplishments,  de- 
served well  to  be  the  hope  and  the 
pride  of  his  father's  heart.  Girt  with 
such  opulent  radiance  of  chivalry,  Jo- 
hann was  the  model  after  which  many 
a  young  Grerman  heart,  in  its  dream 
of  knightly  glories,  moulded  itself.  He 
was  too  conspicuous  a  figure  not  to 
attract  the  attention  of  Duke  Ulrich, 
who  besought  him  earnestly  to  enter 
his  service.  It  was  only  after  long 
and  urgent  entreaties  that  he  was  in- 
duced to  do  so.  It  is  not  often  that  the 
favourite  of  the  court  becomes  the  fa- 
vourite of  the  people,  but  Johann  was 
both.  As  the  chief  of  his  knights,  as 
the  grace  of  his  halls,  as  an  effulgent 
presence  every  where,  the  Duke  che- 
rished toward  him  the  most  fervent 
affection.  He  made  him  his  bosom 
friend,  his  inseparable  companion :  and 
Johann  well  repaid  the  ni^h  favour 
with  which  the  Duke  distmguished 
him,  by  his  zeal,  his  devotedness,  and 
his  fidelity. 

Johann  von  Hutten  was  formed  to 
love  and  to  be  loved.  A  nobleman  of 
Wurtemberg,  holding  some  consider- 
able official  dignity,  and  with  a  name 
which  sounds  oddly  enough  in  Eng- 
lish, Von  Thumb,  had  a  lovely  daugh- 
ter. For  her  Johann  conceived  an 
ardent  attachment.  He  was  ignorant 
that  the  Duke  was  also  one  of  her  ad- 
miren,   and  that  some   rather   free 


flirtations,  if  nothing  worse,  had  passed 
between  them :  or,  if  he  had  heard 
any  insinuations  of  this  kind,  he  seems 
to  have  despised  them  as  calumnies. 
At  all  events  he  offered  his  hand  to 
the  lady,  and  was  accepted.  But  the 
marriage  proved  the  first  act  of  a 
tragedy,  and  drew  after  it  a  long 
train  of  strange  and  terrible  conse- 
quences, which  have  an  historical  im- 
portance apart  altogether  from  Ul- 
rich von  Ilutten'-s  intermixture  with 
them.  A  man  so  unscrupulous  and 
impetuous  as  the  Duke  of  Wurtem- 
berg was  not  likely  to  let  friendship 
smother  the  impure  fire  of  grosser 
passions.  He  pressed  his  company  on 
the  young  wife  in  the  most  ofiensive 
manner,  taking  no  pains  either  to  re- 
strain his  inclinations  or  to  conceal 
them.  He  at  last  proceeded  so  far 
that  she  complained  to  her  husband. 
Johann  reasoned  with  the  Duke  on 
the  folly  of  his  conduct,  rebuked  him 
for  its  impropriety,  and  rose  into  anger 
in  denouncing  its  guilt.  *  But  argu- 
ment and  anger  were  equally  thrown 
away  upon  his  master,  who  was  so 
mad  and  yet  so  abject  as  to  fall  down 
on  his  knees  and  implore  Johann  to 

Eermit  him  to  visit  his  wife  whenever 
e  chose,  oflering  as  a  compensation 
to  let  him  have  the  same  privilege  in 
regard  to  his  Duchess ;  certainly  one  of 
the  most  curious  propositions  ever  made 
by  man.  To  the  gift  of  the  Duchess, 
even  if  Johann  had  been  inclined  to 
accept  it,  the  Duke  could  have  attached 
no  great  value,  for  ho  very  heartily 
hated  her,  and  resorted  to  the  basest 
tricks  to  ruin  her  character  in  order 
to  palliate  his  own  licentiousness.  If 
she  did  not  deserve  his  hatred  she  un- 
questionably gave  cause  for  his  dislike, 
by  the  incessant  reproaches  with  which 
she  assailed  him.  All  his  faults  she 
took  good  care  to  paint  to  him  in  the 
blackest  colours.  However  deep,  how- 
ever fierce  may  have  been  Johann*8 
indignation  at  the  behaviour,  at  once 
singular  and  infamous,  of  his  master,  he 
did  not  deem  it  wise  to  utter  all  he 
felt.  While  resolved  stoutly  to  main- 
tain his  dignity  as  a  man,  he  knew  how 
necessary  it  was  for  him,  as  the  servant 
and  the  favourite  of  one  possessing 
sovereign  power,  to  manifest  the  ut- 
most prudence.  He  applied  for  counsel 
to  Henry,  Duke  of  Brunswick,  a  bro- 
ther-in-law of  Duke  Ulrich,  to  his  own 


344 


Ulrich  von  ffutten. 


[Oct 


father-in-law,  to  his  father  and  to  his 
elder  brother  Ludwig.  He  represented 
to  them  the  insane  and  insatiate  de- 
sires of  the  Duke  and  his  own  peril  and 
Eerplexity.  Johann*s  father  wrote  to 
im  urging  him  to  leave  the  Duke's 
service  at  once,  in  which  even  if  danger 
did  not  threaten  degradation  was  un- 
avoidable. When  Johann  was  pre- 
paring to  follow  this  advice  the  Duke 
expended  all  his  eloquence  to  dissuade 
him  from  doing  so.  He  also  used 
Johann's  father-in-law  as  a  tool  for 
the  same  purpose.  Von  Thumb,  a 
mean  and  cowardly  creature,  told 
Johann  th^t  the  Duke  would  soon  de- 
sist from  his  indecent  importunities, 
and  that  it  would  be  silly  to  abandon 
his  influential  position  at  the  court  for 
so  frivolous  a  matter.  Johann  saw 
that  Von  Thumb  was  a  base  instru- 
ment in  the  Duke's  hand,  and  gave  no 
more  heed  to  his  words  than  to  the 
Duke's  own.  He  also  saw  that  Ulrich, 
so  far  from  showing  one  single,  small- 
est touch  of  contrition  or  of  shame,  was 
playing  the  part  of  the  tempter  still 
more  pertinaciously,  boldly,  and  skil- 
fully, and  that  his  wife  was  sure  soon 
to  become  a  victim,  if  she  were  not  so 
already.  He  resolved  to  escape  out  of 
the  Duke's  reach  as  soon  as  possible. 
But  how  was  this  to  be  managed  ? 
Ulrich's  direct  permission  to  leave  he 
knew  he  could  not  obtain,  and  if  he 
attempted  secretly  to  fly  that  would 
be  affording  the  Duke  a  welcome  ex- 
cuse for  treachery  to  a  friend,  and  for 
any  future  punishment  which  ven- 
geance might  prompt  him  to  inflict. 
By  previous  arrangement,  therefore, 
Johann's  eldest  brother  came  in  his 
father's  name  to  beg  the  Duke  to  grant 
Johann  a  short  leave  of  absence,  as 
the  father  required  the  presence  of  all 
his  sons  for  some  affairs  which  lie 
wished  to  settle.  Ulrich  was  imme- 
diately informed  by  the  contemptible 
father-in-law  and  the  adulterous  wife 
of  the  design  that  lay  hid  under  this 
request,  and  that  Johann,  if  he  de- 
parted, had  determined  never  to  re- 
turn. For  this  he  cared  little ;  but  he 
foresaw  that,  however  reckless  and 
wicked  his  wife  had  grown,  she  would 
be  compelled  by  conventional  decorum 
to  follow  him.  To  resign  thus  quietly 
and  complacently  the  partner  of  his 
guilt  was  not  in  the  Duke's  nature. 
Lust  has  oflen  enough  been  the  mother 
1 


of  murder.  It  became  so  in  the  pre- 
sent case. 

Feverish  and  full  of  black  and 
bloody  intents,  the  D  uke  treated  Johann 
von  Hutten  with  more  than  usual 
cordiality  and  kindness.  None  plaj 
the  hypocrite  so  well  as  those  who  are 
not  habitually  or  constitutionally  hypo- 
critical, when  some  dark  remorseless 
demon  gains  unlimited  empire  over 
their  soul.  Their  very  fransness  be- 
comes then  a  weapon  of  duplicity.  The 
Duke  told  Johann  that  he  nad  no  wish 
whatever  to  hinder  his  departure ;  but 
that  previously  thereto  he  had  matters 
of  importance  to  communicate  to  him 
privately,  that  this  could  best  be  done 
by  a  ride  on  horseback  in  some  direc- 
tion where  they  were  least  likely  to  be 
observed,  and  he  invited  Johann  to 
accompany  him  accordingly.  Johann 
accepted  the  invitation  without  any 
suspicion.  It  was  on  the  8th  Mayi 
15 It),  that  they  set  out  together.  The 
Duke  informed  Johann  that  he  need 
not  take  any  arms  with  him,  as  thej 
had  not  far  to  go  and  the  road  was 
perfectly  secure.  Johann  following  this 
advice  took  no  other  weapon  than  a 
dagger,  and  was  otherwise  auite  un- 
protected, while  the  Duke  had  secretly 
armed  himself  from  top  to  toe.  Ac- 
companied by  some  other  horsemen, 
the  Duke's  servants,  they  leflb  the  gate 
of  the  city. 

After  riding  a  short  distance  the 
Duke  found  frivolous  pretexts  for  dis- 
missing one  after  another  of  his  ser- 
vants till  only  one  remained.  They 
rode  on  a  little  farther,  as  if  the  Duke 
were  seeking  a  fit  place  for  the  accom- 
plishment of  his  bloody  purpose.  All 
the  while  Ulrich's  demeanour  toward 
Johann  was  of  the  most  affectionate 
kind.  When  they  entered  the  forest 
the  Duke  commanded  the  servant  to 
remain  behind,  as  he  wished  to  have 
some  private  conversation  with  his 
friend.  When  they  came  to  a  narrow 
path  he  contrived  that  Johann  should 
ride  flrst.  His  horse  had  gone  but  a 
few  steps  when  Ulrich  cried  "  Hutten, 
defend  yourself!*'  at  the  same  time 
stabbing  him  in  the  back.  The  thrust 
was  deep  and  deadly,  and  six  others, 
fiercely  given,  followed  it.  Soon  the 
body  of  the  beautiful  and  chivalrous 
knight  Johann  lay  stretched  on  the 
ground  a  bloody  and  mutilated  mass. 
If  one  generous  fibre  had  beat  in 


1851.] 


Ultnch  von  Hutten, 


345 


Ulrich^s  bosom  he  would  have  been 
.  overwhelmed  with  horror  and  remorse 
at  such  a  spectacle.  But  his  burst  of 
vengeance  had  not  yet  had  full  swaj. 
Seizing  the  corpse,  he  hung  it  on  a  tree 
bj  the  sash  of  the  murdered  man.  This 
might  have  seemed  only  the  hot  excess 
of  a  mad  ferocity  insatiate  for  blood.  No 
doubt  in  the  main  it  was  so.  The  Duke 
however  wished  to  give  an  aspect  of 
justice  to  the  whole  hideous  anair,  as 
if,  using  his  right  as  a  member  of  the 
Westphalian  Secret  Tribunal,  he  had 
been  mflicting  punishment  on  a  male- 
factor, the  pretended  crime  of  that 
malefactor  being  guilty  intercourse 
with  the  Duchess;  a  crime,  in  the 
reality  of  which  it  is  questionable 
whether  the  Duke  ever  seriously  be- 
lieved. 

Near  the  scene  of  this  tragedy 
peasants  were  working  in  the  fields. 
They  raised  immediately  a  cry  of 
terror  and  alarm.  Henry  Duke  of 
Brunswick  happened  soon  to  pass ;  he 
was  not  deterred  by  his  near  rela- 
tionship to  Ulrich  from  expressing 
detestation  of  the  murderer,  and  pro- 
found grief  for  the  dead.  He  caused 
the  body  of  one  whom  he  had  deeply 
loved  as  a  friend  to  be  taken  down 
and  decently  interred.  He  also  ad- 
vised Ludwig  von  Hutten,  Johann's 
brother,  to  escape  as  speedily  as  he 
could.  Johannes  father  requested  that 
the  corpse  of  his  son  might  be  given 
to  him  to  be  buried  in  the  family  vault. 
This  Ulrich  refused,  less  perhaps  from 
a  haughty  harshness,  than  to  carry 
through  the  preposterous  pretence  of 
dressing  out  the  murder  he  had  com- 
mitted in  the  guise  of  justice ;  a  pre- 
tence too  transparent  to  impose  on  any 
one. 

Onlv  a  few  days  sufficed  to  send  far 
and  wide  over  Germany  the  fame  of 
a  deed,  which  for  gory  grimness  has 
few  parallels  in  history.  One  long 
loud  shriek  of  disgust,  of  execration, 
and  of  hate,  burst  from  ten  millions  of 
hearts.  Popular  songs  were  made  and 
sung,  in  which  Ulrich  was  spoken  of 
as  the  hangman  of  Wurtemberg. 
Eighteen  noblemen  lefl  the  Dukes 
service  with  one  unanimous  move- 
ment. The  whole  order  of  Franconian 
knights,  many  counts,  many  knights, 
offered  their  services  to  Johann's  father 
to  revenge  a  crime  which  they  loathed 
for  itself  alone,  and  also  for  the  dis- 
Gent.  Mao.  Voii.  XXXVI. 


grace  which  it  brought  on  Germany's 
entire  nobility.  The  pretext  of  Ulrich 
that  what  he  had  done  was  a  solemn 
and  deliberate  act  of  judicial  authority, 
exasperated  instead  of  convincing;  for 
the  Westphalian  Secret  Court  of  Cri- 
minal Justice  had  been  abrogated  by 
an  edict  of  the  Emperor  Maximilian. 
What  he  meant  as  a  cloak  for  his  infamy 
only  threw  a  blacker  shadow  thereon. 
Besides  there  was  something  so  despi- 
cable in  the  cowardice  of  assassinatmg 
a  defenceless  man ;  such  cold,  calcu- 
lating villany,  combined  with  such  un- 
scrupulous treachery,  in  the  aspect  of 
abounding  friendliness  which  he  had 
assumed  to  draw  Johann  into  the  fatal 
snare,  that  many  who  might  have 
excused  a  blow  given  in  the  heat  of 
rage,  found  nothmg  but  anathemas  for 
him  who  could  crawl  like  the  serpent 
to  revel  in  blood  like  the  tiger. 

None  expressed  their  angry  horror 
at  the  murder  with  more  undisguised 
emphasis  than  Ulrich^s  own  subjects, 
already  sufficiently  alienated  from  him 
through  other  causes ;  and  the  voice 
of  indignation  swelling  up  from  every 
quarter  compelled  the  Emperor  to  de- 
clare the  Duke  under  the  ban,  though 
he  had  previously  been  his  warm 
friend. 

The  Duchess  fled  to  her  relations  in 
Bavaria,  and  spared  no  pains  to  feed 
with  fresh  fuel  a  fire  so  fierce  and  de- 
vouring before.  In  resenting  the 
wrongs  of  others  she  was  effectually 
resenting  her  own.  Johannes  widow 
went  and  lived  with  the  Duke  in  the 
most  open  and  shameless  manner.  This 
was  to  give  the  Duke^s  crime  the 
crowning  feature  of  loathsomeness 
which  it  wanted. 

Johannes  relations  were  not  men  to 
forgive  so  great  an  insult,  or  to  forget 
so  great  a  grief  as  had  befallen  them. 
They  employed  no  mild  or  measured 
terms* to  tell  the  world  that  the  Duke 
was  a  tyrant  and  an  assassin.  In  Ul- 
rich von  Hutten  especially  the  mur- 
der roused  and  concentrated  forces 
which  had  been  slumbering  and  scat- 
tered. The  news  of  the  bloody  deed 
reached  him  at  Ems,  and  he  hastened 
to  give  vent  to  his  sorrow  and  wrath 
in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  Marquard  von 
Halstein,  a  canon  of  Mentz,  who  was 
the  first  to  communicate  to  him  the 
melancholy  information.  This  was  the 
first  of  a  series  of  productions  by  Ul- 

2Y 


346 


Ulrich  von  Huiten, 


[Oct. 


rich,  in  Latin  and  German,  in  1515, 
1516,  1517,  and  1519,  which  became 
famous  all  over  Germany,  and  could 
scarcely  have  failed,  from  their  power 
and  eloquence,  to  make  the  Duke 
odious  even  if  his  guilt  had  been  of  a 
much  more  venial  kind.  They  occupy 
nearly  half  of  the  second  volume  of 
Munch's  edition.  Ulrich  von  Hut- 
ten  had  loved  Johann  with  all  the 
affection  of  a  brother.  But  the  more 
the  memory  of  the  dead  was  beautiful, 
the  more  his  tears  were  inconsolable, 
the  more  terrible  was  his  vow  of  ven- 
geance. Besides  a  Latin  poem  dedi- 
cated to  the  celebration  of  Johannes 
virtues,  and  to  a  passionate  utterance  of 
mourning  for  his  loss,  and  an  address 
of  condolence  in  the  same  language  to 
Johann*s  father,  Ulrich's  chief  on- 
slaughts in  this  grand,  stern  contro- 
versy, were  four  long  Latin  orations ; 
fiery  philippics,  which  for  their  decla- 
niatory  strength  ought  to  be  far  more 
extensively  known  than  they  are.  We 
should  like  to  give  copious  extracts 
from  them,  but  do  not  forget  that  we 
are  writing  for  English  readers  and 
not  for  German. 

The  invectives  which  Ulrich  hurled 
at  the  Duke  of  Wurtemberg  not 
merely  extended  his  literary  reputa- 
ti<m  but  brought  him  into  the  thick  of 
German  affairs,  enlarged  his  political 
sympathies  and  experience,  and  ex- 
alted him  from  an  adventurer  into 
a  patriot,  a  statesman,  and  a  re- 
former. To  battle  with  a  sovereign 
prince,  using  no  other  weapon  than  a 
pen,  and  to  be  victorious  in  the  com- 
bat, awoke  in  Ulrich  the  noble  ambi- 
tion to  mingle  thenceforth  in  no  meaner 
conflicts.  He  came  forward  at  first 
only  to  avenge  Johann  and  Johann*s 
family,  and  found  himself,  ere  aware 
of  it,  transformed  into  the  incarnate 
retribution  of  Germany. 

Duke  Ulrich*s  conduct,  infamous  as 
it  had  been  in  the  whole  of  this  tragic 
affair,  has  nevertheless  found  defenders 
from  his  time  down  to  our  own.  Party 
spirit  or  misplaced  ingenuity  will  never 
permit  the  darkest  deeds,  including 
St.  Bartholomew's  massacre,  to  remain 
without  apologists.  Duke  Ulrich  issued 
a  long  and  elaborate  pleading  in  his 
own  behalf  on  the  6th  September, 
1516,  which  it  is  curious  to  read  in 
the  quaint  old  German.  To  this  Hut- 
ten  published  a  reply,  on  the  22nd  of 


that  month,  in  the  same  language.  It 
would  be  simply  wearisome  to  enter, 
however  briefly,  into  the  charges  and 
countercharges.  The  Duke's  guilt  is 
undoubted.  Never  did  man  dip  bis 
hands  in  gore  with  less  shadow  of 
justification.  One  of  the  accusations 
which  he  employed  against  Johann 
may  be  given  as  a  specimen  of  the 
only  proofs  and  arguments  which  he 
could  marshal  in  his  favour.  The 
■  fable  is,  that  the  day  before  the  mur- 
der, the  Duke,  when  riding  out  with 
Johann,  saw  on  the  finger  of  the  latter 
the  wedding-ring  of  the  Duchess ;  and 
that  when  on  returning  he  asked  the 
Duchess  for  a  sight  of  the  ring  she 
looked  YQTy  confused,  and  affected  to 
have  lost  or  mislaid  it.  Who  does 
not  see  at  a  glance  the  clumsiness  of 
this  invention  ?  Would  the  most  reck- 
less or  abandoned  woman  be  likely  to 
give  her  husband's  wedding-ring  to  her 
paramour  ?  Would  the  vainest  and 
silliest  of  men  be  likely  to  wear  the 
ring  ostentatiously  in  the  presence  of 
him  who  was  at  once  his  master  and 
the  injured  husband?  Then  it  was 
said  that  one  of  the  Duke's  trumpeters 
had  given  the  Duke  the  most  distinct 
and  positive  information  of  the  criminal 
intimacy  that  existed  between  Johann 
and  the  Duchess.  But  this  trumpeter, 
when  subsequently  examined  before 
an  imperial  commission,  protested  that 
he  had  never  breathed  one  word  im- 
])Iying  blame  on  the  Duchess,  and  that 
if  he  had  done  so  he  would  have  been 

fuilty  of  a  scandal  and  a  lie,  since 
e  had  never  seen  anything  in  tne 
behaviour  of  the  Duchess  unworthy 
a  lady  of  high  birth,  of  pure  and  ho- 
nourable character,  and  of  the  chastest 
life. 

Through  Johann's  murder  and  other 
causes  the  Duke  became  involved  in 
wars  which  led  to  his  banishment  for 
fifteen  years  from  his  dominions.  Soon 
afler  his  return  he  solemnly  confirmed 
the  introduction  of  the  lleformation 
among  his  people.  He  closed  a  che- 
quered and  changeful  life,  in  which 
great  sins  entailed  upon  him  severest 
sufferings,  in  1550. 

About  the  same  time  that  the 
treacherous  stab  of  assassination  struck 
down  Johann,  Ulrich  von  Hut  ten  lost 
his  noble,  faithful,  generous  friend 
Eitelwolf  von  Stein.  Nor  did  the 
heart  of  Hutten  alone  mourn  for  him. 


1851.] 


Monk  and  the  Restoration. 


347 


but  over  his  ashes  Germany  also  wept, 
and  he  will  ever  be  remembered  as 
one  of  Germany's  most  potent  bene- 
factors for  the  immense  impulse  that 
he  gave  to  education.  Besides  con- 
tributing so  much  to  the  establish- 
ment ot  the  Frankfort  university,  he 
was  busy  when  he  died  with  the  idea 
of   founding  a  university  at  Mentz, 

frander,  more  liberal,  more  compre- 
ensive,  than  any  that  existed  at  that 
time  in  Europe.  Born  in  1465,  after 
having  studied  chiefly  in  Italy,  he  en- 
tered the  service  of  the  Elector  of 
Brandenburg.  Under  the  Elector 
John,  and  his  son  Joachim,  he  dis- 
played much  zeal  and  talent,  and  at- 
tained considerable  distinction  in  em- 
bassies, and  in  other  civil  and  military 
offices.  The  Emperor  Maximilian  was 
warmly  attached  to  him  and  gave  him 
the  poet*s  crown.  At  a  later  period  of 
life  he  found  in  Albert  Archbishop  of 
Mentz  a  worthy  master,  a  free-hearted, 
free-handed,  and  large-minded  man, 
disposed  to  second  all  his  plans  for  the 
instruction,  elevation,  and  refinement 
of  the  German  people.  Allying  the 
grace  and  chivalry  .of  the  true  knight 
to  the  richest,  maturest  scholarship, 
Eitelwolf  gave  a  rich  example  to  those 
of  illustrious  birth  like  himself, — an 
example  much  needed  then, — of  the 
compatibility  between  heroic  valour 
and  classical  taste.  Not  only  all 
learned  institutions,  but  all  learned 
men,  found  in  him  a  most  eflective 
friend.  To  any  one  whom  he  saw  pro- 
moting vigorously  the  study  of  Greek 


and  Latin  literature,  his  aid  was 
prompt  and  unstinted.  The  aristo- 
cracy of  his  day  affected  to  despise 
scholars,  as  if  of  necessity  they  could  be 
no  better  than  mouldy,  dreamy  monks. 
To  an  empty  conceited  person  of  this 
stamp,  who  told  him  that  he  was  too 
young  to  form  a  proper  judgment  on 
a  certain  matter,  Eitelwolf  replied, 
^'  You,  sir,  know  what  has  taken  place 
during  the  last  forty  or  fifty  years ;  I, 
what  has  happened  during  two  or 
three  thousand.  He  had  loaded  Ul- 
rich  von  Hutten  with  gifts,  and  had 
drawn  toward  him  the  stream  of  the 
Archbishop^s  bounty.  It  was  his  in- 
tention also  to  obtain  for  him  some 
important  situation,  and  to  allot  him  a 
large  share  in  the  management  of  the 
new  university  at  Mentz.  It  is  thought 
that  if  Eitelwolf  von  Stein,  instead  of 
dying  at  the  early  age  of  fifty  in  1515, 
had  lived  some  ten  or  twenty  years 
longer,  his  influence  on  the  destinies  of 
the  German  church  would  have  been 
of  the  most  enersetic  and  beneficial 
kind.  And  Ulridi  von  Hutten  was 
deprived  by  his  death  not  only  of  an 
afiectionate  and  active  friend,  but  of  a 
wise  counsellor.  It  is  probable,  how- 
ever, that  it  is  only  through  something 
which  the  world  calls  imprudence  that 
such  men  as  Ulrich  learn  all  the  heights 
and  depths  of  their  own  nature,  and 
that  what  would  have  saved  them  from 
their  aberrations  would  have  hindered 
their  greatness. 

Francis  Harwell. 


MONK  AND  THE  RESTORATION. 


BY  means  of  some  broadsides  in  the 

Eossession  of  a  friend,  which,  I  appre- 
end,  have  been  no  where  mentioned, 
I  am  about  to  illustrate  a  point,  rather 
than  a  period,  in  our  history.  It  em- 
braces only  the  brief  interval  between 
the  return  to  the  House  of  Commons 
of  the  excluded  members  (effected  by 
Monk  and  his  army,  then  stationed  in 
the  metropolis)  and  the  dissolution  of 
the  Long  Parliament — scarcely  more 
than  a  month.  Six  weeks  afterwards 
Charles  II.  was  on  the  throne. 

These  documents  are  not  only  li- 
mited in  point  of  date,  but  restricted 


in  subject ;  for  they  relate  to  the  sen- 
timents and  conduct  of  the  citizens  of 
London,  and  to  the  enthusiasm  and 
gratitude  with  which  Monk  was  wel- 
comed, as  the  deliverer  of  the  people 
from  the  tyranny  of  obstinate  misre- 
presentation. The  proofs  thus  afforded 
are  striking  and  peculiar,  and  may  be 
said  to  belong  to  the  class  of  city  per- 
formances called  "  Pageants,"  so  well 
and  so  fully  treated  of  twenty  years 
ago  by  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols,  in  his 
pamphlet  on  Royal  Processions  and 
Exhibitions  on  the  annual  inaugura- 
tion of  Lord  Mayor.  These  broadsides 


348  Monk  and  the  Restoration.  [Oct. 

consist  of  Entertainments,  Speeches,  lief  that  he  was  well  disposed  to  the 

Dialogues,  Songs,  Panegyrics,  &c.  to  scheme  of  re-establishing  the  old  form 

Monk  and  his  lady,  when  they  were  of  government  in  the  hands  of  the  old 

received  and  feasted  in  the  Halls  of  family. 

difierent  trading  companies,  between  At  the  date  of  the  earliest  of  the 
1 3th  March  and  the  same  day  in  April  ensuing  papers  the  parliament  was  on 
1660.  I  have  looked  over  various  ac-  the  eve  of  dissolution,  for  the  Act 
counts  of  the  transactions  preceding  passed  on  16th  March,  and  the  newlj 
the  epoch  of  the  Restoration,  and  I  do  elected  members  were  to  assemble  on 
not  find  that  any  thing  is  stated  in  the  25th  April.  The  Clothiworkers* 
them  regarding  the  steps  thus  taken  Company  invited  Monk  to  an  enter- 
by  important  municipal  bodies  to  tes-  tainment  in  their  Hall  on 'the  13th 
tify,  on  the  occasion  referred  to,  the  March,  only  three  days  before  the 
stren^hoftheir  feelings  and  the  ardour  House  of  Commons,  with  the  aid  of 
of  their  wishes.  the  excluded  members,  put  an  end 
Another  point  they  tend  to  show  to  its  own  existence,  and  there  he 
is,  that  Monx,  although  very  prudent '  was  literally  smothered  with  adu- 
and  cautious,  and  uierefore  silent,  lation,  carried  to  such  an  excess 
regarding  his  ultimate  purpose  of  re-  that  a  younger  son  of  a  poor  baro- 
storing  the  monarch  and  monarchy,  net  was  told  that  he  was  descended 
was  not  guilty  of  "  duplicity,  hypo-  from  "  grandsire-kings,*'  and  that  the 
crisy,  and  perjury,"  quite  to  the  ex-  "  blood-royal  enriched  his  veins."  By 
tent  some  historians  would  lead  us  to  whom  the  address  was  delivered  is  not 
suppose.  He  might  continue  to  wear  in  this  instance  stated,  nor  is  the  writer 
a  mask  before  such  men  as  Haslerig  ofit  mentioned;  but  the  following  lines, 
and  Ludlow,  as  well  as  before  Scott  neartheopening,  one  would  thiii&  must 
and  some  others,  set  as  spies  upon  have  raised  a  smile  upon  the  cheek  of 
him ;  but,  as  regards  the  citizens  of  the  volunteer  to  Spain  in  1625,  and 
London,  he  put  it  aside  sufficiently,  the  ensign  of  Rh^e-in  1626. 
at  least,  to  encourage  in  them  the  be- 

Great  Hero  of  three  nations,  whose  blood  springs  "^ 

From  pious  and  from  powerful  grandsire  kings, 

With  whose  blood-royal  you've  enriched  your  veins, 

And  by  continued  policy  and  pains 

Have  equaU'd  all  their  glory ;  so  that  now 

Three  kingless  sceptres  to  your  feet  do  bow, 

And  court  protection  and  alliance  too, 

And  what  great  men  still  reach'd  at  stoops  to  yon. 

This  is  followed  by  a  passing  allu-  any  time  contemplated  what  had  be- 
sion  to  Menkes  refusal  of  the  sovereign  fallen  the  state  subsequent  to  the  ex- 
power,  and  by  a  strong  denial  on  the  ecution  of  Charles  I. : — 
part  of  the  citizens  that  they  had  at 

Our  meanings  still  were  honest,  for,  alas  ! 
We  never  dream 'd  of  what's  since  come  to  pass  : 
Twas  never  our  intent  to  violate 
The  settled  orders  of  the  Church  and  State  ; 
To  throw  down  rulers  from  their  lawful  seat, 
Merely  to  make  ambitious  small  things  great, 
Or  to  subvert  the  laws  ;  but  we  thought,  then, 
The  laws  were  good,  if  manag'd  by  good  men, 
And  so  we  do  think  still,  &c. 

Thence  they  proceed  to  lament  the  favourite  theme,  the  adulation  of  Monk, 

destruction  of  the  rights  of  property,  as  whom   they  elaborately  liken  to  St. 

well  as  the  whole  conduct  of  the  parlia-  George,   and  the  parliament  to  the 

ment,  and  near  the  close  return  to  the  dragon  he  slew  :  they  add. 

Herein  you've  far  outdone  him  :  he  did  fight 
But  with  one  single  dragon  ;  but  by  your  might 
A  legion  have  been  tam'd,  and  made  to  serve 
The  people  whom  they  meant  t*  undo  or  starve. 


1851.] 


Monk  and  the  Restoration, 

In  this  you  may  do  higher,  and  make  fame 

Immortalize  your  celebrated  name  ; 

This  age's  glory,  wonder  ever  after, 

If  you  would  free  the  Son,  as  be  the  daughter. 


349 


At  this  date,  therefore,  it  seems 
to  have  been  clearly  understood  in 
the  city  that  Monk  intended  to 
"  free  the  son,"  and  ultimately  to  re- 
store him  to  the  throne.  In  an  **  En- 
tertainment of  the  Lady  Monk  at 
Fisher's  Folly,"  in  Bishopgate  Street 


(which  had  been  used  as  an  Anabap- 
tist conventicle  during  the  civil  wars), 
she  was  told  that  she  had  the  happi- 
ness to  be  married  to  a  person  of  the 
blood-royal  of  the  line  of  York,  in 
consistency  with  the  speech  to  her 
husband  at  Clothworkers'  Hall : — 


Thrice  welcome,  noble  lady,  to  this  place, 
Wife  to  a  person  sprung  of  royal  race, 
Whose  high-born  soul  proclaims  him  one  of  those 
Which  claim  an  interest  in  the  milky  Rose. 


Cromwell  and  the  "Rumpers"  came 
in  for  a  full  share  of  abuse,  while 
"  noble  Greorge "  is  compared  to  Fa- 
bius,  who  conquered  without  a  blow  ; 
and  an  allusion  is  made  to  unfor- 
tunate Fisher,  who,  unlike  Monk, 
had  been  unable  to  complete  the  edi- 
fice he  had  begun.  Fisher's  Folly 
may  have  been  a  receptacle  for  luna- 


tics at  this  period,  for  '^  the  Entertain- 
ment "  to  Lady  Monk  commenced  by 
an  address  from  one  of  ^*  the  Bed- 
lams;" but  the  principal  speech,  by 
another  person  perfectly  in  his  senses, 
concludes  with  these  lines,  shewing,  as 
in  the  former  instance,  that  the  Re- 
storation to  be  effected  by  Monk  was 
then  fully  contemplated. 


Thus  hath  he  wisely  stoppM  the  mouths  of  those 
Builders  of  Babel,  which  did  still  oppose 
The  repairing  of  our  Sion  ;  to  whose  aid 
We'll  all  stand  up  until  the  top -stone's  laid; 
And  after  all  confess  great  George  to  be 
The  chief  restorer  of  our  liberty, 
And  you  thrice  happy  favourite  of  Fate, 
Who  have  so  wise,  so  great,  so  good  a  mate. 


On  the  28th  March  Monk,  accom- 
panied by  the  Council  of  State,  was 
received  at  Drapers'  Hall,  and  here, 
besides  a  congratulatory  speech  in  the 
usual  strain,  a  dialogue  was  performed 
between  Tom,  a  countryman,  and  Dick, 

Londoner,  which  must  have  been 


a 


amusing  and  popular :  two  editions  of 


it  have  been  preserved,  the  one  ob- 
viously printed  in  haste  to  gratify 
public  curiosity  immediately,  and  the 
other  afterwards,  with  the  correction 
of  various  errors.  It  was  sung  by  the 
two  performers  to  the  tune  **  1*11  never 
love  thee  more,"  and  it  opens  with 
this  stanza : — 


Tom.- 


-Now,  would  I  give  my  life  to  see 
This  wondrous  man  of  might. 
Dtci:.— Dost  see  that  jolly  lad  ?     That's  he : 
I'll  warrant  him  he's  right. 
There*8  a  true  Trojan  in  his  face  ; 

Observe  him  o'er  and  o'er. 
Come,  Tom,  if  ever  George  be  base, 
Ne'er  trust  good-fellow  more. 


The  two  last  lines  form  the  burden 
of  every  verse,  of  which  there  are 
fif^^en,  the  Clown  and  the  Cockney 
taking  up  the  subject  alternately,  and 
referring  in  very  plain  and  not  very 
courteous  terms  to  the  breaking  down 
of  the  city  gates,  &c.  by  Monk,  under 
the  orders  of  the  Parliament,  an  unto- 


ward event  that  occurred  soon  afler 
his  army  had  marched  into  London. 
Nothing  is  distinctly  said  regarding  a 
restoration,  but  the  subsequent  stanza 
mentions  the  **  murder"  of  Charles  L 
and  the  sufferings  of  the  kingdom 
ever  since  the  termination  of  hb 
reign. 


350  Monk  and  the  Restoration.  [Oct. 

Tom, — But  what  dost  think  should  be  the  cause 

Whence  all  these  mischiefs  spring  ? 
Dick, — Our  damned  breach  of  oaths  and  laws, 
Our  murder  of  the  King, 
We  have  been  slaves  since  Charles's  reig^. 

We  lived  like  lords  before. 
If  George  don't  set  all  right  again, 
Ne'er  trust  good-fellow  more. 

Just   afterwords  the  two  performers  turn   to  Monk,  and  speak   to  him  as 
follows : — 


Dick. — My  lord,  in  us  the  nation  craves 
But  what  you*re  bound  to  do, 
Tom, — We've  liv'd  like  drudges — Dick, 
Both, —     We  would  not  die  so  too. 

Restore  us  but  our  laws  again, 
Th' unborn  shall  thee  adore. 
If  George  denies  us  bis  amen, 
Ne'er  trust  good-fellow  more. 


And  are  slaves. 


It  is  not  stated  in  either  copy  by 
whom  this  dialogue  was  written,  but 
at  this  date  Thomus  Jordan  was  in 
frequent  employ  as  the  city-poet,  and 
we  need  hardly  doubt,  partly  from  the 
spirit  and  facility  of  the  composition, 
that  it  was  by  him. 

The  speech  pronounced  on  the  same 
occasion  was  short,  consisting  of  only 
eight-and- thirty  lines,  and  it  is  more 
than  probable,  that  the  musical  per- 


formance was  liked  much  the  better  of 
the  two — Walter  Yeokney  Tof  whom 
we  hear  only  in  these  broadsides,  so  far 
as  I  am  aware,)  delivered  the  address, 
and  a  note  at  the  bottom  shows  thai 
some  other  copy  of  it  had  been  issued, 
for  it  is  denounced  as  **  a  forged 
cheat."  The  authentic  one,  which 
opens  thus,  purports  to  have  been 
"  Printed  for  Henry  Broome,  at  the 
Gun,  in  Ivy  Lane,  1660." 


Most  honour'd  sir,  if  a  poor  scholar  may. 
Amongst  the  rest,  his  duteoas  offering  pay, 
Accept  my  mite  unto  your  merit,  you 
That  have  given  life  to  us  and  learning  too. 


Yeokney  professed  to  be  "a  poor 
scholar,'  and,  according  to  the  old 
joke,  he  was  a  very  poor  one,  so  far 
as  sense  and  even  grammar  were  con- 
cerned, supposing  him  to  have  written 
the  lines  he  spoke. 

Unattended  by  the  Council  of  State 
Monk  was  at  Skinners'  Hall  on  4th 
April,  and  here  Yeokney  was  again 
called  upon  to  be  the  mouth-piece  of 
the  company,  and  sang  a  song  to  the 
General  to  the  tune  of  "ru  never 
leave  thee  more  :"  it  is  incomplete,  and 
reads  much  more  like  a  speech  than  a 
lyrical  composition.  If  the  tune  "  I'll 
never  leave  thee  more,"  be  the  same  as 
*•  I'll  never  love  thee  more,"  which  Tom 
and  Dick  had  used  at  Drapers'  Hall 
on  the  28th  March,  it  is  quite  evident 
that  Yeokney 's  couplets   at  Skinners' 


Hull,  on  the  4th  April,  could  not  have 
been  sung  to  it.  There  is,  in  other 
respects,  an  ambiguity  about  it,  since 
it  IS  not  clear  whether  Yeokney  did 
not,  at  the  time  he  delivered  it,  sustain 
the  character  of  Orpheus  surrounded 
by  boys,  clad  in  the  skins  of  beasts, 
furnished  by  the  Skinners'  Company. 
Mackintosh  and  other  authorities  say 
that  "about  the  beginning  of  April 
Monk  first  listened  to  a  communica- 
tion from  Charles  H."  for  his  restora- 
tion ;  but  we  have  already  seen  that 
such  an  event  was  speculated  upon  as 
early  as  13th  March,  and  now,  on  the 
4th  April,  it  was  adverted  to  publicly 
at  Skmners'  Hall  in  unmistakeable 
terms :  Ycokney's  address  concludes 
with  these  lines  ; — 


Proceed,  then,  George,  and  as  thou  hast  Inroughi  down 
The  traitor,  so  restore  the  lawful  Crown, 
That  after  ages  may  thee  justly  call 
Restorer  qfthy  country^  King  and  all. 


1851.] 


Monk  and  the  Restoration. 


361 


Such  language,  we  should  think,  would 
hardly  have  been  held  to  Monk  on 
such  an  occasion,  if  his  intentions  had 
not  been  previously  distinctly  under- 
stood, if  not  openly  avowed. 


down  to  us  as  a  broadside,  but  is 
printed  by  him  in  his  **  Royal  Arbor 
of  Loyal  Poesie."  8vo.  1664 :  it  ends 
with  rather  a  happy  application  of  the 
words  "sun"  and  "air"  to  the  pro- 


Jordan  also  wrote  a  "  speech"  for    jected  restoration  of  the  son  and  heir 
the  same  day,  which  has  not  come     of  Charles  I. 

These  ten  or  twelve  years  our  three  kingdoms  have 
Liv'd  in  a  darkness  equal  to  the  grave  ; 
Stifled  for  want  of  breath,  until  the  bright 
Beams  of  your  presence  gave  a  little  light : 
'Tis  yet  but  twilight ;  could  we  gain  the  sun, 
And  the  clear  wholesome  air,  the  work  were  done. 
'You  can  dispel  these  mists,  and  make  all  fair : 
We  sue  for  nothing  but  the  Sun  and  Air. 


Monk  must  have  listened  to  these 
lines  before  he  had  admitted  Sir  John 
Grenville  with  his  message  from  the 
King,  if  the  ordinary  authorities  are 
to  be  trusted. 

Six  days  afterwards,  however,  when 
the  General  was  at  Goldsmiths*  Hall, 
Jordan  seems  to  have  been  more 
cautious  in  his  expressions,  as  if  both 
he  and  Yeokney  had  gone  too  far  on 
the  4th  April.  His  speech,  in  the  cha- 
racter of  a  sea-captam,  was  published 
as  a  broadside,  and  was  afterwards  re- 
printed by  the  author  in  his  "  Nursery 
of  Novelties,"  8vo.  n.  d. ;  but  it  con- 
tains nothing  material  to  our  purpose, 
although  it  highly  extols  the  navy  and 
the  company  by  whom  Jordan  had 
been  employed.  He  also  wrote  for  a 
similar  entertainment  jgiven  to  Monk 
by  the  Fishmongers'  Company,  when 
he  was  addressed  by  an  actor  habited 
like  Massaniello ;  but  what  was  then 
said  contains  no  indication  as  to  how 
far  the  General  had,  or  had  not^  at  that 
time  declared  himself.    The  broadside 


has  no  name  excepting  that  of  Walter 
Yeokney  as  the  speaker  of  it,  but 
Jordan  claims  the  authorship  of  it  in 
the  work  above  mentioned. 

The  12th  April  was  the  day  on 
which  the  citizens  paid  their  devo- 
tions to  Monk  at  Vintners'  Hall ;  and 
it  is  to  be  borne  in  mind  that  at  this 
time  the  elections  of  the  new  Members 
of  the  House  of  Commons  were  pro- 
ceeding most  satisfactorily  for  the 
royal  party.  This  circumstance  kept 
them  all  in  the  highest  possible  spirits  : 
the  city  was  inundated  with  loyalty, 
and  the  General  readily  shewed  him- 
self at  every  place  to  which  he  was 
invited.  In  the  speech  which  Jordan 
produced  for  the  Vintners,  he,  with 
considerable  ingenuity,  drew  a  pa- 
rallel between  the  subject  of  his  pane- 
gyric and  a  vine,  and  touched  very 
judiciously  upon  the  secrecy  with  which 
Monk  had  proceeded,  and  the  cautious 
silence  he  had  observed.  Speaking  of 
the  vine,  he  says, 


First,  in  its  leaves,  which  hide  and  guard  the  cluster, 

It  notes  your  modesty,  which  hides  your  lustre  : 

It  shews  your  secrecy,  by  which  secured 

You  have  a  bloodless  victory  procured. 

Oh  happy  soul !  whose  silence  could  do  more 

Than  arts  or  arms,  than  rhetoric  and  power. 


It  is  not  at  all  unlikely  that  Monk 
went  about  among  the  citizens,  on  these 
festive  occasions,  for  the  purpose  of 
ascertaining  their  opinions  and  desires 
regarding  the  royal  family,  and  a  re- 
storation ;  but  it  seems  a  little  extra- 
ordinary that  at  the  moment  of  triumjjh 
in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  in 
consequence  of  the  return  of  royalist 
and  presbyterian  members  in  pre- 
ference to  mere  republicans,  the  lan- 


guage used  before  Monk,  on  the  main 
topic  of  people's  thoughts  and  words, 
should  have  been  so  much  more  mo- 
derate than  when  he  commenced  his 
round  of  visits  to  the  municipal  bodies 
of  the  city.  Perhaps,  having  lighted 
the  fire  of  loyalty  he  allowed  it  to 
blaze  as  it  would:  it  might  not  be 
necessary  for  him  to  do  more:  hay- 
ing done  this,  he  avoided  farther  per- 
sonal responsibility,  and  reverted  to  his 


352  Historical  Illustrations  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIL      [Oct. 


system  of  silence  and  caution,  which 
occasioned  so  much  distrust  among 
the  republicans,  and  has  since  given 
rise  to  such  strong  accusations  of  du- 
plicity and  deceit.  Even  the  city  poet, 
who  at  first  spoke  out  so  undisguisedly. 


seems,  as  we  haye  stated,  aflerwards 
to  have  greatly  moderated  his  tone 
and  terms;  and  when  Jordan,  sub- 
sequent to  the  Restoration,  adverted 
to  the  conduct  of  Monk  just  previous 
to  that  event,  he  slily  observed  of  him, 


The  wary  General,  whose  art  did  lie 
Much  in  the  soul  of  business — secrecy, 
Was  so  obscure  in  all  bis  postures,  we 
Could  not  discover  his  dark  loyalty. 


(Royal  Arbor,  1664,  p.  4.) 


According  to  most  authorities  Monk*s 
"dark  loydty"  maintained  its  ob- 
scurity, so  far  as  the  republican  party 
was  concerned,  until  the  actual  meet- 
ing of  the  new  parliament,  thirteen  days 
after  tlie  entertainment  at  Vintners' 
Hall,  if  not  until  after  the  two  Houses 
resumed  their  sittings  on  the  1st  May, 
when  Sir  John  Grenville  appeared  at 
the  doors  with  letters  from  "  the  King." 
Sir  James  Mackintosh  is  peculiarly 
hard  upon  Monk,  and  asserts  that  he 
"  sported  recklessly  with  his  vows  to 
God,  his  faith  to  men,  and  his  duty  to 


his  country,**  not  from  any  attachment 
to  monarchy,  but  "  from  a  selfish  and 
absorbing  view  of  his  own  sordid  am- 
bition and  interest."  Were  we  to 
trust  the  dates  supplied  by  this  his- 
torian, we  should  believe  that  Monk 
kept  up  his  duplicity  for  three  months 
after  the  Restoration ;  but  this  masti 
of  course,  be  a  misprint,  and  what  has 
been  above  advanced  may  serve  to 
prove  that  as  early  as  the  middle  of 
March  his  intentions  were  no  secret 
in  the  city.  J.  P.  C. 


HISTORICAL  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  HENRY  VII. 

derived  from  the  municipal  archives  of  york. 
The  King*8  Visit  to  York  in  1487. 


IN  the  summer  of  the  year  1487,  after 
having  quelled  the  first  of  those  insur- 
rections which  unhappily  disturbed 
the  earlier  years  of  his  reign,  by  his 
victory  at  Stoke  over  the  partizans 
of  the  impostor  Symnell,  King  Henry 
VII.  made  a  second  progress  into  the 
northern  counties,  and  again  ho- 
noured the  city  of  York  with  his  pre- 
sence. From  the  battle  field  of  Stoke 
the  King  proceeded  to  Lincoln,  and, 
having  rested  there  a  few  weeks,  he 
advanced  into  Yorkshire  at  the  head 
of  his  army.  Lord  Bacon  says  that 
"  all  along  as  he  went,  with  much 
severity  and  strict  inquisition,  partly 
bjr  martial  law  and  partly  by  the  com- 
mission, he  punished  the  adherents 
and  aiders  of  the  lat«  rebells.**  He 
certainly  issued  a  proclamation,  which 
was  brought  to  York  previously  to 
his  arrival  by  the  hands  of  the  knight 
harbergeour,  couched  in  harsh  and 
threatening  terms  almost  amounting 
to  a  declaration  of  martial  law.  It 
awards  the  punishment  of  death  not 
2 


only  to  those  who  should  commit  sa- 
crilege, robbery,  or  rape,  but  even  to 
such  as  should  "  presume  to  take  any 
manner  of  victual,  horse  meat  or  man  s 
meat,  without  paying  therefore  the  re- 
sonable  price  thereof;**  and  persons 
charged  with  ordinary  quarrels  or 
affrays,  or  other  minor  ofiences,  were 
'^  to  be  imprisoned  and  their  bodies  to 
be  punished  at  the  king*s  pleasure.** 
But  severity  does  not  appear  to  have 
ordinarily  characterised  the  King*s 
demeanour  towards  the  citizens  of 
York. 

On  Thursday  the  27th  of  July  the 
corporation  were  informed,  **  how  that 
the  King*s  grace  intended,  God  speed* 
ing,  to  be  at  this  his  city  here  upon 
Monday  next  coming,  accompanied  by 
betwixt  twelve  and  fifteen  thousand 
men,  and  to  tarry  and  make  his  abode 
there  from  the  said  Monday  to  the 
following  Thursday  in  the  morning.** 
So  short  a  notice  gave  little  time  lor 
preparation,  and  the  council  merely 
resolved  that  **  my  lord  the  mayor, 


1851.]     Historical  Illustrations  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VIL  353 


with  his  brethren  aldermen  and  the 
common-council  in  their  most  goodly 
arra^  as  merchants  and  citizens,  should 
receiye  his  grace  into  the  citr  accord- 
ing to  the  antient  custom  of  tne  same.** 
On  the  appointed  day  (Monday,  the 
30th  of  July,)  at  about  four  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon,  King  Henry  made  his 
entry  into  the  city,  **  accompanied  with 
many  lords  and  nobles  of  his  realm, 
and  their  retinue,  to  the  number  of 
ten  thousand  men  in  harness,  with  his 
banner  displayed.**  At  Saint  Thomas*s 
Hospital,  without  Mickl^ate  Bar,  the 
royal  cavalcade  was  met  by  the  whole 
body  corporate  in  their  most  goodly 
manner  and  array,  and,  by  the  mouth 
of  master  recorder,  they  greeted  the 
King  in  the  words  following : 

'*  Most  high  and  mighty  Christian 
Prince  and  our  most  dread  Sovereign  li^ge 
lord,— Your  true  and  faithful  subjects, 
the  mayor,  aldermen,  sheriffs,  and  com- 
men  council,  with  the  whole  body  of  this 
city,  welcome  your  most  noble  grace  onto 
this  your  city  giving  due  lovings  onto  Al- 
mighty God  for  the  great  fortune  and  noble 
triumph  and  victory  it  hath  pleased  his 
Godhead  to  grant  onto  your  highness  at 
this  time  in  subduing  of  your  enemy  and 
rebels ;  beseeching  Almighty  God  to  con- 
tinue your  most  noble  grace  in  the  same.'' 

Which  words  the  King*s  grace  re- 
ceived thankfully,  and  so  rode  forth 
through  the  city,  my  lord  mayor  bear- 
ing the  mace  before  his  highness,  on 
horseback,  unto  the  Archbishop*8 
palace  beside  the  cathedral  church. 

The  King  remained  a  week  at  Tork. 
The  first  day  afler  his  arrival  was  dis- 
tinguished b^  an  act  of  grace  to  the 
corporation  m  the  person  of  two  of  its 
worthiest  members.  "  In  the  vigil  of 
Saint  Peter  called  Adyincle,  the  King 
dubbed  my  Lord  Mayor,  called  William 
Todd,  and  Richard  Yorke,  alderman, 
knights.**  The  next  day  the  citizens 
entertained  their  sovereign  with  an 


exhibition  of  those  '*  pageants  of  de- 
light **  which  in  that  ase  w^re  no  less 
enjoyed  by  the  monarch  on  the  throne 
than  by  the  meanest  of  his  subjects. 
"  On  Weddynsday,  in  the  feat  of  th' 
Advincle  of  Saint  Peter,  the  play  of 
Corpus  Christi,  by  the  Kinges  com- 
maundement,  was  played  thrugh  the 
citie,  his  grace  hering  the  same  in 
Conynffstrete,  at  Thomas  Scot  house.** 
The  omy  act  of  severity  recorded  as 
having  taken  place  during  the  King*8 
visit  was  the  execution  of  one  Roffer 
Layton.  On  Thursday  in  the  morning 
he  was  iudged  at  the  Guildhall  ^to 
be  heded  for  certaine  poyntes  of  trea- 
son committed  by  hyme  ayenst  the 
Kinges  highnesse.  On  the  Saturday 
following,  at  two  of  the  clock  at  after- 
noon, Layton  *  was  beheaded  ^  upon 
.the  pavement,  and  his  body  and  head 
were  buried  t^ether  in  the  parish 
church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  Gothe- 
romgate.**  Thomas  Metcalfe  and  one 
Tempeste  were  also  iudged  by  Sir 
John  Turberville,  the  knignt  marshall, 
to  be  beheaded  in  like  manner,  but 
afterwards  obtained  their  pardons. 

On  Monday,  the  6th  of  August,  the 
King  "  accompanied  with  many  lordes 
and  nobles  of  this  his  realme,  toke  his 
journey  towards  Durham  and  New- 
castel,  and  from  thence  retoumed 
within  the  space  of  fourteen  days,  oom- 
myng  by  Burghbrig,  and  soo  streight 
unto  Pountfi:iet.**t  He  had  arrived 
at  Pontefract  on  Saturday  the  25th 
of  August,  and  on  that  day  the  lord 
mayor  of  York  and  four  of  the  alder- 
men with  other  members  of  the  cor- 
poration, to  the  number  of  sixty  horse, 
"  rode  unto  the  King*s  grace  at  Pount- 
freet,  where  they  were  richt  worship- 
fully  received,  and  of  the  King*s  graoe 
hertily  welcomed.  There  they  shewed 
to  his  hiffhness  certain  matters  con- 
cerning the  well  and  prouffitt  of  the 
citie,  of  the  which  they  had  a  perfite 


*  Roger  Layton  was  an  old  offender.  He  was  the  ringleader  of  a  disturbance  in  the 
city  in  the  reign  of  King  Richard  III.  which  brought  upon  the  corporation  the  dis- 
pleasure of  that  monarch.  Layton  had  been  committed  to  prison  previously  to  the 
battle  of  Stoke,  and  by  a  privy  seal  dated  at  Kenilworth  the  16th  of  May,  1487,  the 
authorities  at  York  were  ordered  to  deliver  him  into  the  custody  of  Sir  Richard  Tun- 
stall,  that  he  might  be  examined  by  the  King  himself. 

t  Holinshed  states  that  **  from  Newcastle  the  King  sent  Fox,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  and 
Sir  Richard  Edgecumbe,  comptroller  of  the  household,  ambassadors  to  Scotland  to 
conclude  a  peace  or  truce  with  King  James,  and  after  their  return  he  came  back  again 
from  Newcastle  to  York,  and  so  towards  London."  But  undoubtedly  the  King*s  pro- 
gress is  more  correctly  set  forth  in  the  York  archives. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVL  2Z 


334 


Recent  Discoveries  near  Rome. 


[Oct. 


answer,  and  bis  grace  was  right  well 
content  with  their  commyng.  The 
city  cavalcade  returned  home  on  the 
following  day,  being  Sunday  the  26th 
of  August. 

The  King  went  from  Pontefract  to 


Leicester,  and  thence  to  Warwick, 
where  he  remained  with  the  Queen 
and  his  court  until  the  27th  of  October. 
He  made  a  public  entry  into  London 
on  the  3rd  of  November.* 


The  Great  Feast  at  York  in  1487. 


Only  one  more  incident  worthy  of 
note  occurred  at  York  during  the 
latter  part  of  the  year  1487 ;  and  it 
cannot  be  better  related  than  in  the 
words  of  the  original  record  : — 

'*  The  right  prepotent  and  right  noble 
lord  the  Erl  of  Northumberland,  for  his 
eotier  affeccion  and  luflf  which  he  did  and 
dothe  here  unto  this  citie  of  York,  and  in 
consideracion  of  the  good  zele  and  true 
hertes  which  th'inbabitantes  of  the  same 
bath  ever  borne  towardes  his  lordship,  of 
his  owne  mere  mocion  gaf  unto  my  lord 
maire,  bis  bretheme  aldremen,  and  comune 
counsaili,  viij.  warrantes  for  viij.  bukkes, 
and  V.  markes  of  money,  to  be  disposed  in 
solace  and  recreacion  of  them  and  of  the 
honest  commoners  of  the  said  citie ;  which 
as  it  appertey  neth  was  thankfully  recey  ved, 
and  the  said  warrantes  put  in  execucion 
and  sped.  And  forsomoch  as  the  said  v. 
markes  wold  not  suffice  nor  extend  to  half 


the  costes  of  the  said  recreacion,  it 
thoght  that  the  guild  of  Saint  Cristofor 
shuld  susteigne  the  suppluss,  which  did 
amount  to  the  somme  of  vj**,  soo  that  by 
the  same  and  the  residue  of  the  said  markes 
left  over  the  expences  and  lawencesf  about 
the  speding  of  the  said  warrantes,  and 
othre  thinges  necessary  in  that  behalve, 
with  the  said  bukkes,  my  lord  mayor,  my 
masters  th'aldremen  his  brethren,  the 
commune  counsaili,  with  othre  gendlmen 
of  Aynesty,  and  six  hnndrett  of  the  mootC 
honest  commoners  of  this  citie,  had  a  wor- 
shipful recreacion,  solace,  and  disportt 
with  brede,  ale,  venyson,  rost  and  bdLyn, 
with  rede  wyne  sufficiant,  without  any 
thing  paing  for  the  same,  hot  onely  thankea 
unto  the  said  right  prepotent  and  right 
noble  lord  and  the  said  guild  of  Sdnt 
Cristofer. — In  the  Guildhall  of  the  said 
citie  the  Monday  x  day  of  Septembre,  in 
the  iij  yere  of  the  reigne  of  our  soavenin 
lord  King  Herry  the  vij*." 

A. 


RECENT  DISCOVERIES  NEAR  ROME. 
(Extracted  from  a  Letter  from  Benjamin  Gibson,  Esq.  to  one  of  our  Correapondenta.) 


WITH  the  sanction  of  the  Minister 
of  Public  Works  and  the  approbation 
of  the  Pope,  the  ancient  Appian  Way 
has  been  laid  open  to  the  extent  of 
nearly  half  a  mile.  The  excavation 
begins  about  three  miles  and  a  half 
from  the  sate  of  St.  Sebastian,  and  the 
sepulchral  monuments  on  both  sides 
of  the  road  are  now  exposed  to  view 
as  well  as  traces  of  the  ancient  pave- 
ment with  the  curb  stones.  Some  of 
the  tombs  have  two  or  more  chambers 
with  tessellated  floors.  Several  fine 
framnents  of  entablatures  and  other 
architectural  ornaments  have  been  dis- 
covered during  the  progress  of  the  work. 

Seeing  these  fragments  all  carefully 
numbered,  I  inquired  the  reason,  and 
was  told  that  it  was  the  intention  of 
the  Government  to  replace  them,  as 


far  as  it  could  be  done,  in  their  original 
situation,  in  order  that  they  may  be 
preserved  so  as  to  be  best  understood 
m  connection  with  the  surrounding 
remains. 

Near  the  site  of  one  of  the  sepulchres 
I  noticed  the  sculpture  and  architect 
tural  decorations  lying  on  the  ground. 
They  consisted  of  a  figure  in  alto-re- 
lievo, a  frontispiece  with  a  large 
lateral  antefix,  one  large  and  two 
small  Corinthian  capitals  and  parts  of 
fluted  columns.  Not  far  from  this  spot 
was  discovered  the  base  of  another  tomb, 
the  style  of  which  is  fine  and  grand. 

Of  inscriptions  the  followmg  are 
among  the  most  recently  discovered. 
The  first  is  fragmentary,  but  I  give  it 
chiefly  to  direct  your  attention  to  the 
form  of  the  letter  V.  : 


*  Leiand's  Coll.  iv.  216 


t  allowances. 


iB51.]  Recent  DUcoverie»  near  Rome. 

I. 


Not  far  from  the  rains  of  a  large 
tomb  I  observed  on  alto-relieTo  re- 
presenting three  busts,  of  life  size,  and 
CTidentljr  intended  for  portraits.  The^ 
appear  to  be  a  father,  mother,  and 
daughter.  The  last  from  the  inacrip- 
Uon  and  the  eistrum  and  the  sacrificial 
KUHvai.  patera   was   evidently   a  priestess   of 

In  the  latter  jou  will  notice  in  the     Isis.     The  slab  is  six  feet  m  length  b; 
eighth  line  theGreekCinatead of  UieS.     three  feet  10|  inches. 


C'RABIBIVSPOSTL 
HERMODORVS 


RABIRIA  Y*fjiM  PRIMA  SAC 


There  is  no  direct  guide  to  the  date 
of  this  tomb  ;  but  we  maj  suppose  that 
at  the  period  when  it  was  erected  the 
religion  of  Egypt  was  tolerated  at 
llome-t  The  worship  of  Osiris  and  Se- 
rapis  when  transplanted  to  liome  from 
the  banks  of  the  Nile  underwent  manj 
vicissitudes.  It  was  banished  from  the 
citj  in  the  year  696,  under  the  con- 
sulate of  Pisa  and  Gabinius,  by  decree 
of  the  senate,  and  the  statues  of  Isis 
and  Serapis  were  thrown  down  from 
the  Capitol  and  their  altars  overturned. 
In  the  year  700,  by  another  decree  of 
the  senate,  the  temple  of  these  deities 


nitn  cne  grounu.  oome 
e  worship  of  tha Egyptian 
rbidden  by  M.  Agrippa; 
s  ordered  the  temple  of 


was  levelled  with  the  ground  Some 
time  after  the  worship 
gods  was  forbidden  t 
and  Tiberius  o 
Isis  to  be  demolished,  and  the  statue 
of  the  goddess  to  be  thrown  into  the 
Tiber.  In  later  times  this  peculiar 
superstition  at  particular  periods  con- 
tinued to  gain  ground,  and  it  became 
popular  in  spite  of  its  absurdities,  and 
the  ridicule  with  which  it  was  attacked 
by  the  poets  and  othera.  From  the  ex- 
pression of  Martial  (Lib.  lii.  Epig. 
29.)— 
"  LiulKcrl  rnffiunt  citvi,  liilnUqaa  Inibi," 


*  This  appears  to  be  a  monument  to  a  soldier  of  the  thirteenth  legion,  larnamed 
Gemina. 

f  It  ii  probijjle  (he  date  of  (ha  tnulpture  ma;  be  referred  to  the  time  of  CoPitsatine 
or  Julian,  when  the  wonhip  of  lija  and  Seripis  wm  tolerated  and  encouraged. 


356 


Recent  DUeoveriei  near  Rome. 


it  appears  tliat  the  prieslH  were  clothed 
in  linen  oiid  that  their  heada  were 
ahnven. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  road  was 
another  piece  of  sculpture,  probablj 
taken  from  the  sninc  monument,  as  it 
refers  to  the  rcligicm  of  Isis  It  la  ili- 
vided  into  two  compartraents      One  of 


[Oct. 

these  is  a  little  raised,  and  exhilnts 
two  rows  of  beads,  and  what  seem  to 
be  three  rinw  beneath.  The  other  is 
concave,  and  bears  in  the  middle  B 
human  e;e,  and  grouped  aroiind  it  a 
scorpion,  a  crab,  a  snake  with  an  eagle 
upon  its  back,  a  dog,  an  eagle,  &c. 
Here  we  clear!  j  see  represented  the 


^^  intandall-sceinBeycof  tlieSun, 
with  his  course  through  the  zodiac,  and 
the  conslellntions.  At  the  inner  corner 
of  the  eje  is  ^ced  the  eagle,  and  near 
it  the  scorpion,  whose  tail  extends 
through  the  winter  solstice,  thus  shew- 
ing the  winter  sign  and  the  constella- 
tion next  to  it;  whilst  at  the  outward 
corner  is  the  crab,  with  the  constella- 
tion of  the  hjdra  and  crow,  and  as  the 
crab  divides  the  summer  circle  in  the 
middle,  and  looks  towards  the  lion  and 
the  cost,  the  Egyptian  priests,  seeing 
that  the  sun  when  he  had  arrived  at 
the  middle  uf  his  course  in  the  summer 
solstice  receded,  adopted  the  figure  of 
the  crab  to  represent  this  retro^ode 
motion  of  the  sun.  Above  the  hydra 
and  crow  is  the  constellation  of  the 
dog.  The  dojj  has  one  star  in  the 
mouth,  which  is  calleil  Sirius,  and  in 
the  head  another  called  Isis,  so  this 
constellation  is  probably  introduced 
here  as  the  peculiar  star  of  Isis.  On 
the  opposite  side,  above  the  eagle  is  a 
frog.  As  the  I'rog  was  produced  abun- 
dantly on  the  banks  of  the  Nile  and 
in  the  a<)jaccnt  marshes,  it  was  chosen 


as  an  emblem  of  fecundity,  and  was 
sacred  tu  Isis.  Tbns  we  have  the  land 
also  represented,  and  the  providential 
eye  uf  tbe  deity  pervading  and  super* 
intending  the  universe.* 

In  proceeding  onwards  a  tittle  I 
noticed  near  the  remains  of  a  large 
tomb  a  square  cippns,  on  two  sides  of 


1851.] 


Memoir  of  Bishop  Copleston, 


357 


which  were  sculptured  an  elephant, 
with  a  tower  upon  its  back,  filled  with 
elephants*  tusks.  Possibly  it  may  bear 
allusion  to  the  trade  in  ivory,  and  M. 
Considius  Gerdo,  whose  name  appears 
on  the  third  face  of  the  cippus, — 


OSSA 
M .  CONRI  * 
CERD0NI8, 


may  have  been  an  importer  of  ele- 
phants* teeth.  B.  G. 


MEMOIR  OF  BISHOP  COPLESTON. 

Memoir  of  Edward  Copleston,  D.D.  Bishop  of  Llandaff,  with  Selections  from  his 
Diary  and  Correspondence.  By  William  James  Copleston,  M.A.,  &c.  Parker. 
West  Strand.  1851. 


IN  reading  this  unpretending  and 
interesting  record  of  a  pious  and  ac- 
complished man,  we  have  been  much 
impressed  by  the  fleeting  and  capri- 
cious nature  of  contemporary  reputa- 
tion. Thirty  years  ago,  had  it  been 
asked,  at  least  on  this  side  of  the 
Tweed,  what  writer  on  ethics  and 
metaphysics  would  most  probably 
rival  the  Ficht^  and  Schetlings  of 
the  Grerman  universities,  and  raise 
English  psychology  once  again  to  the 
eminence  upon  which  Locke  and 
Berkeley  haa  deposited  it,  the  reply 
would  have  been,  with  almost  univer- 
sal  assent — the  author  of  the  "  Inquiry 
into  the  Doctrines  of  Necessity  and 
Predestination."  Thirty  years  hence 
the  name  of  Copleston  will  probably 
be  known  only  to  the  professed  and 
curious  inquirer,  or  at  least  survive  in 
that  debateable  region  between  fame 
and  oblivion  which  has  already  re- 
ceived as  much  verse  and  prose  as 
would  burst  the  garners  of  Oxford 
and  Alexandria  to  boot.  And  yet  at 
the  commencement  of  this  generation 
to  have  predicted  that  Coleridge  would 
surmount  the  name  of  Copleston  as  a 
psychologist  would  have  been  deemed 
a  hallucmation  •  beyond  the  cure  of 
hellebore  or  St.  Luke*s.     We  do  not 

f)resume  to  decide  whether  we  have 
ost  or  gained  by  the  substitution  of  a 
lay  for  a  spiritual  guide  in  such  mat- 
ters.   We  merely  notice  the  fact. 

To  Copleston*s  contemporary  fame 
more  than  one  cause  contributed.  He 
was  one  of  those  men  who  can  speak  a 
word  in  season,  and  assist  their  fellows 
to  form  clear  and  practical  judgments 
upon  questions  under  present  debate. 
He  belonged  to  no  party  in  any  pro- 
minent degree,  and  he  was  really  mas- 
ter of  a  few  of  those  books  about  which 


much  is  written  and  spoken,  and  little 
in  general  understood.  And  in  those 
days  Oxford  was  not,  as  it  has  since 
become,  a  city  divided  against  itself, 
but  tolerably  unanimous  m  its  aver- 
sion to  innovations  in  doctrine  and 
discipline,  whether  as  regarded  things 
temporal  or  spiritual.  The  university 
prizes  Copleston  carried  ofi*  in  rapid 
succession,  and  became  a  ruler  in  the 
academic  Israel  ere  much  past  the 
period  of  pupilage  himself.  Moreover 
he  stood  forward  as  the  champion  of 
Isis  against  her  then  most  formidable 
opponents.  With  the  sling  and  stone 
of  argument  and  irony  he  smote  the 
critical  giant  of  North  Britain,  and 
although  his  victory  was  not  so  com- 
plete as  that  of  the  youthful  David, 
yet  it  was  not  unattended  by  popular 
applause  or  the  triumphal  songs  of 
masters  of  arts,  and  provosts,  and  hosts 
of  deans,  archdeacons  and  bishops.  As 

{)oetry  professor  he  delivered  to  a 
earned  audience  such  lectures  on  the 
ars  poetica  as  had  never  been  heard 
within  the  walls  of  Oxford:  and  al- 
though a  strict  disciplinarian  in  Oriel, 
and  a  staunch  assertor  of  university 
privileges,  he  was  yet  a  little  in  ad- 
vance of  his  colleagues  and  contem- 
poraries in  the  generally  tolerant  and 
liberal  character  of  his  opinions.  And 
so  Copleston  stood  well  with  Oxford 
and  well  with  the  world :  and  the  at- 
tention of  the  latter  was  drawn  to  him 
by  the  commendations  given  by  Mr. 
Tierney  and  Sir  James  Mackintosh,  in 
the  House  of  Commons,  to  his  letters 
to  Sir  Robert  Peel  upon  "  the  Cur- 
rency, the  Increase  of  Pauperism,  and 
the  toor  Laws."  An  earnest,  clear- 
headed, and  systematic  man — ^he  skil- 
fully blended  abstruse  investigations 
with    practical   sense.     In    sapientia 


358 


Memoir  of  Bishop  Copleston, 


[Oct 


tenuit  modum — the  cloister  did  not 
unfit  bim  for  the  world,  and  the  world 
did  not  wholly  withdraw  him  from  the 
cloister.  He  carried  with  him  to  his 
deanery  at  Chester  and  to  his  bishopric 
at  Llandafi*  the  same  working  quali- 
ties, and  perhaps  afforded  in  his  life  as 
fair  a  sample  as  has  been  ever  exhi- 
bited of  the  union  of  the  scholar  with 
the  sagacious  man  of  business. 

Yet  to  our  feelings  there  is  some- 
thing of  disappointment  in  Copleston's 
career.  His  "Praelectiones"  on  Poetry 
preceded  by  a  few  years  the  celebrated 
lectures  on  Dramatic  Art  and  Litera- 
ture by  Augustus  William  Schlegel. 
The  "  Prajlectiones,"  as  the  biographer 
of  Copleston  justly  remarks,  "  will 
never  cease  to  delight  those  who  can 
appreciate  clear  development  of  prin- 
ciples, just  criticism,  discriminating 
delicacy  of  txiste,  and,  perhaps,  above 
all,  Latinity  of  such  pure  and  brilliant 
water,  that  when,  in  our  recollections, 
we  compare  it  with  Ciceronian  gems, 
it  loses  none  of  its  lustre."  Yet  how 
diflcrent  has  been  the  fortune  and  the 
results  of  the  respective  lectures  of 
Schlegel  and  Copleston.  The  former 
work  has  been  translated  into  several 
European  languages,  has  given  a  new 
impulse  to  poetical  criticism,  is  re- 
printed frequently,  is  read  as  a  text- 
book by  the  youthful  scholar,  is  cited 
as  an  authority  by  the  experienced 
censor.  Copleston's  "  Prajlectiones," 
on  the  contrary,  are  rarely  met  with, 
are  read  by  few,  have  produced  little 
or  no  influence  upon  their  generation, 
and  are  about  as  useful  to  mankind  as 
the  annual  Harveian  orations.  We,  as 
Englishmen,  have  lost  a  good  book 
solely  through  its  being  composed  in 
pure  Latinity.  For  this  the  laws  of 
Oxford  are  answerable.  It  was  good 
for  races  of  scholars  who  lived  in  pe- 
riods when  the  Latin  tongue  was  the 
organ  of  the  learned  and  of  diplo- 
matists, to  hear  lectures  read  in  a  lan- 
^nge  which  still  retained  a  partial 
life.  It  may  be  right  for  the  present 
generation  of  Oxonians,  belonging  as 
they  mostly  do  to  the  middle  ages  in 
mind  and  predilections,  to  listen  to 
essays  couched  in  Ciceronian  phrase. 
But  it  is  neither  right  nor  good  for 
the  world  at  large  to  be  excluded  from 
works  of  merit,  because  the  university 
clines  to  a  dialect  which  men  now 
neither    write    nor    speak.      Oxford 


claims  to  be  the  educator  of  the  in- 
genuous youth  of  England:  and  it 
throws  unnecessary  obstacles  in  their 

Eath  by  adhering  to  fashioDs  which 
ave  become  superannuated,  and 
which  nothing  can  effectually  reviye 
but  a  return  to  the  semibarbarous  age 
in  which  they  ori^nated.  The  La- 
tinity of  Copleston  s  lectures  is  the 
more  to  be  regretted  since  his  ser- 
mons, his  political  pamphlets,  and  his 
familiar  letters,  are,  as  nis  biographer 
remarks,  with  much  truth,  models  of 
good  English  and  good  taste.  The 
citations  which  we  shall  presentlr 
make  from  his  correspondence,  will 
probably  induce  our  readers  to  join  in 
our  regret  that  their  author  should 
have  been  obliged  to  yeil  his  critical 
inquiries  under  the  obscurity  of  a 
learned  language. 

The  Memoir  now  before  us  is  com- 
piled from  a  carefully  kept  diair  and 
a  variety  of  letters  which  the  biogra- 
pher connects  and  comments  upon  in 
a  manner  which  shows  a  due  appre- 
ciation of  his  uncle*8  character,  mingled 
with  none  of  that  malady  which  haa 
been  happily  termed  the  Lues  Bo9» 
welUana^  or  dbease  of  exaggeration, 
which  so  oflen  and  so  unhappily  affects 
the  pens  of  memorialists.  Remember- 
ing indeed  the  indiscretions  of  the 
nepotal  chroniclers  of  Coleridge,  and 
more  recently  of  Wordsworth,  we  in- 
cline to  pronounce  the  late  Bishop  of 
Llandaff  remarkably  fortunate  in  pos- 
sessing a  nephew  who  has  been  con- 
tented to  depict  his  relative  as  he 
really  was,  who  has  put  forth  for  bim 
no  claims  to  infallibility,  and  has  not 
thought  it  part  of  his  duty  to  set  down 
every  unconsidered  remark  that  fell 
from  his  lips. 

Dr.  Copleston's  career  was  uniform, 
prosperous,  and  distinguished.  He  was 
literally  "  faber  fortunse  suie,**  and 
seems — a  rare  exception — to  have  owed 
his  advancement  to  neither  political 
nor  family  interest.  Edward  Copleston 
was  the  son  of  a  Devonshire  clersj- 
man,  and  was  educated  by  bis  father 
until  he  attained  the  age  of  fifteen. 
On  the  maternal  side  ne  possessed 
hereditary  claims  to  distinction  in  lite- 
rature, since  his  mother's  father  and 
the  poet  Gay  were  brothers'  sons« 
"  The  name  Gay,"  the  bishop  remarks, 
"  was  very  appropriate  to  this  family.** 
He  himself,    although  not,  properly 


18^1.] 


Memoir  of  Hishop  Copies  ton. 


359 


speaking,  a  facetious  man,  inherited 
from  this  parent  a  constitutional  cheer- 
fulness, accompanied  by  occasional 
scintillations  of  wit  and  humour.  Af- 
fectionate and  reverential  attention 
towards  his  parents  was  at  all  times  a 
marked  and  most  pleasing  feature  in 
the  Bishop's  character/  His  dutiful 
and  loving  bearing  to  them,  even  when 
he  had  attained  his  highest  dignity, 
reminds  us  of  the  anecdotes  related  of 
the  filial  reverence  of  Sir  Thomas 
More  and  other  English  worthies.  It 
had  in  it  a  smack  of  the  old  age. 
Whenever  he  had  anything  agreeable 
to  communicate,  it  seems  to  have 
been  his  first  thought  to  write  to  his 
parents.  In  one  and  the  same  spirit, 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  he  imparted 
to  them  his  joy  at  winning  his  first 
university  distmction  —  a  prize  for 
Latin  verse — and  at  the  age  of  fifty - 
one,  his  calmer  satisfaction  at  being 
appointed  to  the  see  of  Llandafi*. 
In  both  cases  he  subscribed  himself, 
"your  dutiful  and  affectionate  son." 
He  displayed  no  precocity  of  intellect, 
but  was  sufliciently  advanced  in  scho- 
larship to  be  sent  m  his  sixteenth  year 
to  Oxford.  Oriel  adopted  him  from 
Corpus  Christ!  without  solicitation : 
and  in  his  21st  year  he  became  tutor 
of  the  former  college.  It  was  the  year 
1797  ;  and  all  Britain  was  then  up  in 
arms  against  the  expected  French  in- 
vasion. The  youthful  tutor  became 
captain  of  a  regiment  of  volunteers, 
and  led  his  pupils  from  the  class-room 
to  the  drill-ground  with  that  alacrity 
and  energy  which  attended  all  his 
actions,  whether  planting  his  grounds 
at  Ofiwell  or  visiting  his  diocese  in 
Wales.  "  Captain  Edward  Copleston  " 
was  indeed  the  "tightest  drill"  and 
the  most  indefatigable  officer  in  the 
Isiac  phalanx.  His  manly  and  prac- 
tical habits  of  mind  appeared  both  in 
his  lectures  and  in  his  opinions  as  to 
the  true  ends  of  a  university  educa- 
tion. The  latter  he  held  to  consist 
not  so  much  in  the  quantity  of  books 
read  and  systems  learned  in  a  half- 
digested  manner,  as  in  the  acquired 
power  of  dissecting  and  investigating 
a  given  subject,  with  sustained  atten- 
tion, and  in  that  logical  and  common - 
sense  way,  by  which  it  becomes  incor- 
porated into  the  mind.  Things  rather 
than  words,  and  quality  rather  than 
([uantity,  were  the  test  of  proficiency 


to  which  he  looked.  He  was  a  rigid 
analyst.  Whatever  he  undertook  to 
do  or  to  learn,  whether  the  planting 
of  a  forest  tree  or  the  orthography  of 
a  proper  name,  was  grappled  with  all 
his  energy  at  the  time.  He  could  not 
trifle  eitner  with  time  or  thought ; 
and  on  subjects  on  which  he  conversed 
to  get  information,  so  mercilessly  per- 
tinent were  his  queries  and  cross  ques- 
tionings that  the  examined  at  once 
discerned  his  own  deficiency  and  the 
right  method  of  remedying  it.  It  is 
scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  such 
habits  of  mind  rendered  him  an  in- 
structor of  the  first  order.  He  gave 
but  one  lecture  a  day ;  but  to  prepare 
this  lecture  so  as  to  satisfy  the  tutor's 
zeal  and  accuracy  taxed  both  the  in- 
dustry and  the  scholarship  even  of  the 
most  attentive  pupils.  Yet  although 
a  strict  preceptor.  Dr.  Copleston  was 
as  patient  as  he  was  strict.  To  the 
indolent,  and  to  the  indolent  alone,  he 
was  terrible.  But  dulness  could  not 
provoke,  nor  imperfect  training  dis- 
courage him.  The  following  anecdote 
is  characteristic  of  the  spirit  with 
which  he  encountered  difficulties  that 
were  not  insurmountable. 

"  A  despairing  freshman,  after  one  or 
two  previous  failures  and  much  laudable 
plodding,  had  stuck  fast  in  the  middle  of 
the  Pon8  Asinorum, 

"  Mr.  C— •*  Do  you  really  think,  Mr,*** 
that  you  can  master  this  fifth  proposition  ?  * 

"  Mr.  ••*  (in  a  deep,  positive  tone) — . 
*  No,  sir,  I  CAN  NOT !  but  (emphatically) 
I'll  try.' 

"  Mr.  C. — *  I  respect  the  manliness  of 
that  answer,  Mr.  ♦*♦ ;  and  let  me  tell  you, 
I  am  convinced  yon  have  it  in  you  not 
only  to  try  but  to  succeed.'  " 

We  cite  the  following  proof  of 
Copleston's  accuracy  in  minor  matters. 

"  *  A  note,'  we  qaote  from  one  of  the 
contributors  to  the  memoir,  '  was  deli- 
vered to  your  uncle  while  we  were  enu- 
cleating a  tough  part  of  the  Agamemnon. 
Having  opened  and  perused  it,  Mr.  Co- 
pleston tossed  it  indignantly  to  me,  point- 
ing to  the  direction.' 

**  *  Now  look  there — as  if  that  man,  who 
ought  to  know  better,  and  has  called  here 
half  a  dozen  times,  could  not  recollect 
that  my  name  is  Cop-les-ton,  as  you  may 
see  it  over  my  door,  and  that  I  was  bap- 
tized Edward,  which  he  must  know  also, 
or  might  have  found  out.' 

"  *  He  indulges  you,  I  see,  sir,  with 
two  superfluous  letters.' 


360 


Memoir  of  Bishop  Copleston. 


[Oct. 


** '  Yes — the  Rev.  Mr.  Copplestooe ! 
Now  I  cannot  recommend  a  better  habit 
to  a  young  man,  like  yourself,  entering 
the  world  in  good  society,  than  to  ascer- 
tain the  exact  prefix,  spelling,  and  pronun- 
ciation of  every  man's  name  with  whom 
you  have  intercourse;  such,  I  mean,  as 
he  and  his  family  choose  habitually  to 
adopt.  Depend  upon  it  that  people  in 
general  infer  a  sort  of  oKiy<opia  from  such 
lapses ;  as  if  you  took  so  little  interest  in 
their  identity  as  to  forget  the  minor  cha- 
racteristics of  it.*  " 

As  senior  treasurer  of  Oriel,  Mr. 
Copleston  was  enabled  to  render  his 
college  as  much  service  in  its  financial 
arrangements  as  he  was  contempora- 
neously rendering  its  intellectual  inte- 
rests in  the  lecture  rooms.  His  exer- 
tions and  stewardly  wisdom  were 
appreciated,  since  instead  of  making 
way  for  a  successor  at  the  end  of 
twelvemonths — the  usual  practice — 
be  was  retained  no  less  than  six  years 
at  the  receipt  of  rents.  The  following 
anecdote  is  too  characteristic  of  him 
to  be  omitted. 

"  A  remarkably  astute  elderly  man  of 
business,  who  had  made  a  large  fortune 
on  the  Stock  Exchange,  was  asked  by  a 
neighbour  how  he  had  sped  as  to  the 
renewal  of  the  lease  of  an  important  part 
of  his  estate,  held  under  Oriel  College. 
*  Why,  not  so  well  as  I  expected,*  was  the 
answer.  *  I  thought  I  should  get  a  pretty 
easy  bargain  with  a  mere  learned  bookish 
fellow  like  Copleston;  but  I  was  rather 
taken  aback,  I  confess  :  he  is  as  well  up 
to  the  value  of  land  and  money  as  I  am 
myself,  and  seems  acquainted  with  every 
acre  of  the  property.' 

Mr.  Copleston's  analytical  faculties 
were  not  indeed  likely  to  rust  for  lack 
of  use  amid  the  society  which  Oriel, 
during  his  residence,  embraced  within 
its  walls.  The  common-room  of  the 
college  united  at  its  symposia  the  most 
acute  controversialist  and  the  most 
expert  dialectician  of  the  ace.  For 
in  that  room  Arnold  and  Whutdy 
were  wont  to  discuss  those  grave  ques- 
tions which  they  afterwards  handled 
in  their  works,  and  prepared  them- 
selves for  those  "  high  arbitrcments  " 
which  have  in  no  small  degree  aifected 
the  education  and  the  theology  of  their 
generation.  At  such  debates  Copies- 
ton  both  sat  as  arbiter  in  virtue  of 
his  maturer  years,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  them  in  compliance  with  his  un- 
wearied zest  for  discussion.  It  is  much 
3 


to  be  regretted  that  the  present  memoir 
contains  no  record  of  these  **nocte8 
ccenseque  dedm.** 

In  1809  Mr.  Copleston  had  an  op- 
portunity of  at  once  materially  for- 
warding the  interests  of  the  universitj 
by  procuring  the  return  of  Lord  Gren- 
viUe  as  its  chancellor,  and  of  display- 
ing his  own  manly  and  independent 
character.  Of  the  three  candidates — 
Lord  Grenville,  Lord  Eldon,  and  the 
Duke  of  Beaufort — ^the  one  whose 
cause  Copleston  esiioused  was  the  least 
able  to  advance  him  in  hb  profession. 
For  not  only  had  the  recent  agitation 
of  the  **  Catholic  **  question  raised  in 
the  university  a  strong  feeling  aeainat 
Lord  Grenville,  as  an  avowed  friend 
to  emancipation,  but  also  his  lordship 
was  at  that  time  excluded  from  toe 
cabinet,  and  out  of  favour  at  Court. 
To  contend  in  Oxford  against  Toryiam 
and  orthodoxy  combing  was  like  the 
match  of  Lycas  and  Hercules  at  dice. 
Mr.  Copleston  flung  himself  with  his 
wonted  energy  into  the  combat,  penned 
a  vig;orous  and  dignified  adc^ess  to 
members  of  convocation  in  reply  to 
the  libels  circulated  against  Lord  Gren- 
ville, bore  down  the  united  weight  of 
official  influence  and  party  prejudice, 
and  finally  had  the  satisfaction  of 
placing  Lord  Grenville  in  the  vacant 
chair.  His  services  led  to  an  intimate 
acquaintance  with  the  noble  and  ac- 
complished chancellor.  He  became  a 
frequent  and  an  honoured  guest  at 
Dropmore.  The  refined  and  intel- 
lectual society  which  he  there  encoun- 
tered was  a  congenial  atmosphere  to 
one  of  his  tastes ;  and  the  exact  scho- 
larship and  [lolished  demeanour  of  his 
host  cemented  a  friendship  which  had 
originated  in  services  rendered  from 
purely  conscientious  motives. 

Copleston  had  been  imported  into 
Oriel  under  circumstances  most  ho- 
nourable to  himself.  Twelve  years  of 
service  faithfully  and  intelligently  per- 
formed had  approved  the  wisdom  of 
the  clioice,  and  in  1814  he  was  unani- 
mously invited  by  its  members  to  ac- 
cept the  headship  of  the  colleu|^  vacant 
by  the  decease  of  Dr.  Evelei^.  A 
diploma  degree  of  D.D.  crowned  this 
academical  triumph,  and  henceforward 
we  must  write  of  Mr.  Copleston  as  a 
dignitary  of  the  church. 

Dr.  Copleston*s  publications  had 
hitherto  been  confined  to  controversy 


1851.] 


Memoh'  of  JBiahop  ^Copleston. 


361 


and  criticism.     Of  his  Prelections  we 
have  spoken  already.     His  replies  to 
the  Edinburgh  Review  lost  their  in- 
terest  with  the  causes  which  called 
them  forth,  and  the  late  Bishop  mani- 
fested a  christian  spirit  when  late  in 
life  he  declined  the  proposals  of  an 
eminent  bookseller  to  collect  and  re- 
edit  them.     We  wish  such  forbearance 
were  more  common  both  in  the  authors 
of  ephemeral  writings  themselves,  and 
in  tneir  literary  executors.     Dr.  Cop- 
leston's  biographer  has  printed  such 
extracts  from  the  "  Replies  "  as,  with- 
out reviving  an  obsolete  feud,  afford  a 
fair  sample  of  his  uncle's  dexterity  in 
the  weapons  of  satire  and  refutation. 
Long  aft^r  the  debate  had  done  its 
work,  some  of  the  combatants  met  with 
friendly  greetings,  and  at  page  92  of 
the  volume  is  a  letter  from  one  of  the 
principal  assailants  of  Oxford,  the  late 
Sir  D.  K.  Sandford,  so  honourable  to 
himself  and   to   the   "Replier,"   that 
want  of  space  alone  hinders  us  from 
extracting  it.     Such  quarrels,  so  con- 
ducted and  so  concluded,  are  not  to 
be  accounted  among  the  "  calamities" 
of  authorship,  and  it  is  highly  indicative 
of  tlie  good  nature  of  the  Bishop  of 
Llandaff,   that,  having  a    weapon   at 
command  little  inferior  to  the  scourge 
of  Swift,   he  should  so  seldom  have 
employed  it  at  all,  and  employed  it 
only  when  corporate  and  not  personal 
interests  were  at  stake.     In  the  hands 
of  a  Marsh  or  a  Phillpotts  Copleston's 
controversial  powers  would  have  real- 
ised all  the  evils  which  St.  James  as- 
cribes to  the  unbridled  tongue.     With 
regard  to  the  most  mirthful  of  Cop- 
lestoii's   passages   at   arras    with    tne 
Edinburgh   Review,   "  Advice    to    a 
Young  Reviewer,  1817,"  we  must  con- 
tent ourselves,  as  it  is  too  long  to  ex- 
tract entire,  and  too  pithy  and  pun- 
gent to   abridge   satisfactorily,    with 
earnestly    recommending    it    to    our 
readers*  notice.     It  detracts  little  or 
nothing  from  its  merits  that  Cumber- 
land, in  his  Observer,  stung  into  un- 
usual animation  of  style  by  the  re- 
marks of  some  Aristarchus  upon  one 
of  his  own  tragedies,  had  set  the  ex- 
ample of  a  criti(iue  on  Mr.  Milton's 
pooins  by  a  notice,  in  the  manner  of 
the    newspapers,  upon   Mr.   Shakes- 
peare's Moor  of  Venice. 

Of  his  administration  as  Provost  of 
Oriel  little  is  recorded  in  the  "Me- 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVL 


moir."  Perhaps  there  was  little  to 
chronicle ;  as  the  effective  government 
of  colleges  commonly  resides  with  the 
dean,  the  tutors,  and  the  treasurer, 
rather  than  with  the  head.  Copleston 
was  now  on  the  high  road  to  all  the 

Ereferment  he  ever  attained.  In  1826 
lOrd  Liverpool  presented  him  with 
the  Deanery  of  Chester,  and  by  the 
end  of  the  following  year  he  had  be- 
come Dean  of  St.  Paul's  and  Bishop  of 
Llandaff.  Copleston's  advocacy  of 
Catholic  emancipation  liad  not  predis- 
posed the  Tory  premier  in  his  favour, 
and  his  friends  had  some  reason  to 
suppose  that  he  was  proscribed  alto- 
gether. Tardy  as  the  acknowledg- 
ment of  his  merits  may  have  been,  it 
was  no  ordinary  testimonial  to  them 
that  they  forced  themselves  upon  the 
notice  of  a  minister  who  had  small  in- 
dulgence for  liberal  churchmen. 

The  publications  which  afford  the 
fullest  conception  of  Copleston's  intel- 
lectual powers,  and  one  of  which  at 
least  wul  probably  hand  down  his 
name  among  the  metaphysicians  of 
England,  are,  his  two  letters  to  Sir 
Robert  (then  Mr.)  Peel,  "On  the  per- 
nicious Effects  of  a  Variable  Standard 
of  Value,"  and  "  On  the  Causes  of  the 
Increase  of  Pauperism,"  and  "  His 
Inquiry  into  the  Doctrines  of  Neces- 
sity and  Predestination."  The  letters 
to  Sir  Robert  Peel  are  justly  described 
by  Dr.  Copleston's  biographer  "  as 
concentrating  the  sparks  of  a  tempo- 
rary controversy  with  such  power  as 
to  produce  a  permanently  useful  light." 
The  controversy  was  settled  by  a  par- 
tial return  to  cash  payments,  and  the 
author  of  the  letters  certainly  con- 
tributed greatly  to  such  an  adjust- 
ment. To  us  at  this  time  the  letters 
are  chiefly  valuable  as  proofs  of  the 
analytic  mind  of  their  author.  The 
destined  bishop  would  have  been  con- 
vertible into  a  most  serviceable  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Exchequer,  and,  had  he 
enrolled  himself  under  Whig  banners, 
might  have  spared  his  party  more  than 
one  budget  of  blunders.  These  opera 
majora  were  given  to  the  world  in 
1819 — 21 :  thenceforwardsDr.  Copies- 
ton's  studies  appear  to  have-  assumed 
a  more  strictly  professional  and  pas- 
toral character. 

We  make  no  extracts  from  the  va- 
rious letters  which  he  indited  to  his 
family  and  friends  during  fns  occi^* 

3  A 


362 


Memoir  of  Bishop  Copleston. 


[Oct 


sional  excursions  to  the  continent. 
They  scarcely  needed,  however,  the 
biographcr*8  extenuating  reason  for 
inserting  them,  since  they  are  both 
entertaining  in  themselves,  although 
depicting  scenes  which  swarms  of 
tourists  nave  long  rendered  familiar, 
and  they  are  higmy  indicative  of  the 
active  and  inquirmg  spirit  of  their 
author.  Wherever  he  treads  on  classic 
grounds  Dr.  Coplcston  displays,  with- 
out any  pedantry  however,  his  inti- 
mate acquaintance  with  ancient  lite- 
rature, and  at  the  same  time  evinces 
by  his  remarks  his  shrewd  interest  in 
the  living  world,  and  his  keen  and 
susceptible  eye  for  the  beauties  of 
nature.  One  who  was  his  fellow 
tourist  thus  describes  the  direction 
which  his  sympathies  generally  took 
in  foreign  travel. 

"  In  1817,  when  Provost  of  Oriel  Col- 
lege, he  travelled  with  my  brother  and 
myself  through  part  of  France,  Belgium, 
Holland,  part  of  Germany,  and  Switzer- 
land. He  was  then  in  excellent  health 
and  spirits,  capable  of  much  exercise,  and 
ever  most  inquisitive  about  all  that  was  to 
be  seen  and  learned  in  every  place — taking 
good  care,  by  studying  our  guide  books, 
that  we  should  not  miss  examining  any 
thing  worthy  of  curiosity.  He  was  edways 
particularly  interested  by  the  scenes  of 
great  events,  quoting  the  well-known  sen- 
tence, '  movemur  ipsis  locis,  &c.'  and 
paid  eager  attention  to  every  spot  of  the 
battle  of  Waterloo,  which  my  brother  and 
I  had  seen  very  recently  after  that  dread- 
ful combat,  so  glorious  to  the  army  of 
Great  Britain.  He  was  more  interested 
about  architecture  than  sculpture  or  paint- 
ings, to  which  he  had  but  little  heretofore 
devoted  his  attention,  and  enjoyed  the 
grand  scenery  of  nature  more  than  any 
details  of  natural  history— K)f  plants  or 
animals,  seen  in  the  open  air  or  in  mu- 
seums. He  was  particularly  interested 
with  the  appearance  and  manners  and  cos- 
tumes of  the  different  people  we  saw ;  but 
probably  there  was  nothing  he  more  en- 
joyed (as  it  was  frequently  the  subject  of 
his  after  conversation)  than  our  highly 
interesting  though  often  perilous  marches 
over  the  mountains  of  Switzerland,  over 
regions  of  perpetual  snow.  His  patience, 
I  fear,  was  sometimes  severely  taxed  by 
my  brothcr*s  and  my  devotion  to  botany 
and  anxiety  to  get  every  rare  plant  to  be 
found  in  our  different  excursions.  I  re- 
member one  of  our  excursions  with  par- 
ticular delight.  We  had  set  out  to  ascend 
the  Bhigi  mountain,  but  unfortunately  the 
day  was  so  foggy  that  oar  friend  wuhed 


to  abandon  the  undertaking  u  iiaeleii;lNit 
on  my  resolving  to  persevere,  in  hopes  of 
adding  to  my  store  of  plants,  he  agreed  to 
accompany  us,  and  on  arriving  at  the 
chalet,  near  the  summit  of  the  mountainy 
we  found  several  unfortunate  male  and 
female  travellers,  who  had  been  waiting 
three  days  in  hopes  of  witnessing  the  maf- 
niiicent  scenery  displayed  from  this  moat 
interesting  of  all  Swiss  mountains.  We 
continued  to  ascend  to  the  highest  pohit, 
when  on  a  sudden,  to  our  great  rarpriae 
and  delight,  the  curtain  of  the  dark  was 
drawn  up,  the  sun  bnrst  forth  in  tta 
most  splendid  brightness,  and  illominated 
the  grandest  scene  of  lakes,  moantainiy 
and  cities,  I  ever  beheld." 

Dr.  Copleston's  attachment  to  his 
native  county  and  especially  to  the 
place  of  his  birth  was  atrooff.  Wb 
diary  and  letters  abound  wi&  allu- 
sions to  his  '*  green  retreata,"  and,  had 
he  not  been  occupied  by  other  and 
weightier  cares,  ho  mifldit  nave  rivalled 
Gilpin  and  Uvedale  Frioe  as  an  im- 
prover of  grounds  and  trim  ffardeni • 
The  scenery  of  OfTwell  indeed  had  no 
pretensions  to  the  aublime*  It  was  a 
region  of  clear  brooks  and  wooded 
dcTls  and  green  slopes,  but,  as  his  natal 
place,  it  was  to  his  eyes  fairer  than 
'*  Damascus  and  ita  lucid  riven.**  Early 
in  life  he  had  cherished  the  hope  that  he 
might  one  day  possess  for  himaelf  and 
mould  to  his  own  fancy  the  woodlands 
in  which  he  had  roamed  and  mused  as 
a  boy.  His  hopes  were  eventually 
realised.  The  woodlands  of  Offwell, 
together  with  some  adjacent  farms, 
did  become  his  own,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing letter  he  thus  speaks  of  the 
improvements  which  he  nad  begun  to 
make  in  them  : — 

"  Natural  history  is  the  food  of  my 
vacation  hours,  and  I  shall  take  yoor 
volume  with  me  when  I  next  go  to  ram- 
ble and  saunter  in  my  Offwell  woods.  It 
would  do  my  heart  good  to  have  you  join 
me  in  those  rambles  over  the  scenea  of 
my  infancy,  and  I  should  be  iorry  indeed 
to  think  that  there  was  no  prospect  of 
realising  such  a  pleasure.  My  chief  boast 
is,  that  I  have  converted  a  sqnalid,  un- 
sightly, impassable  dell  into  an  agreeable 
range  for  pedestrians  of  all  tastes :  the 
domestic  stroller,  the  contemplattve  lover 
of  nature,  the  planter,  the  naturalist,  etea 
the  sportsman,  may  enjoy  a  little  recrea- 
tion in  this  valley,  which  was  once  an  im- 
pervious morass,*' 

Dr.  Copleston  took  the  oaths  and 
his  seat  in  the  House  of  Lords  as 


1851.] 


Memoir  of  Bishop  Copleston. 


368 


Bishop  of  Llandafi*,  on  the  14th  of 
February,  1 828.  We  have  now  there- 
fore reached  the  culminating  point  of 
his  nephew*8  memoir — ^the  point  from 
which  for  twenty-one  years  forward 
the  blameless  and  useM  life  of  his  re- 
lative was  divided  between  his  attend- 
ance in  Parliament  and  the  adminis- 
tration of  his  diocese.  His  career  as  a 
member  of  thelegislatureiswell  known. 
He  supported  tJie  repeal  of  the  Test 
Act  and  Catholic  Emancipation;  he 
opposed  the  Beform  Bill,  but  voted 
for  its  introduction  into  Committee, 
and  amending  it  there ;  and  he  was 
much  consulted  bj  the  ministry  on  all 
^[nestions  relating  to  national  educa- 
tion. BLis  speeches,  like  his  writing^ 
are  manly,  sententious,  and  perspi- 
cuous, exhibiting  a  firm  ffrasp  of  the 
subject  discussed,  and,  uthough  not 
strictly  speaking  oratorical,  yet  marked 
by  the  grace  and  felicitous  illustration 
that  were  so  apparent  in  his  familiar 
converse.  Many  of  the  Bishop's  sketches 
and  reminiscences  of  his  paniamentiury 
days  are  vivid  and  interesting.  We 
can  however  find  room  only  for  the 
following  discriminating  account  of  a 
great  orator.  The  qualification  with 
which  it  terminates  has  probably  oc- 
curred to  many  who  have  listened  to 
the  eloquence  of  Lord  Brougham  :— 

''  Brougham*!  last  speech  on  the  Ash- 
burton  Treaty  was  a  wonderful  display  of 
his  greatest  talents.  Three  hours  and  five 
minutes  by  the  clock.  No  hesitation,  no 
fault  of  a  syllable,  no  defect  in  the  ar- 
raDgement  even  of  a  sentence,  much  less 
of  the  matter  of  the  argument ;  his  periods 
varied,  complicated,  sometimes  of  vast 
length  and  amplitude,  yet  perfect  in  their 
structure,  rich  in  epithets  and  imagery 
and  rhythm,  all  delivered  with  the  into- 
nation which  a  practised  actor  would  give 
to  a  well-known  and  often-repeated  part, 
yet  not  one  of  these  sentences  apparently 
prepared  beforehand.  He  launches  boldly 
on  the  ocean,  tossed  and  turning  as  he 
goes  along  under  Uie  gusts  of  passion  and 
imagination,  yet  secure  of  his  course,  and 
never  for  a  moment  impresiing  you  with 
an  idea  of  his  danger.  But,  with  all  this, 
the  effect  is  transient.  You  do  not  go 
away  convinced." 

In  his  diocesan  labours  Dr.  Cople- 
ston  was  singularly  fortunate  in  the 
active  support  of  Sir  Thomas  Fhillips, 
whose  exertions  as  the  advocate  of 
Welsh  education  will  for  ever  entitle 
him  to  the  gratitude  of  the  prindpa- 


lit^.  Appended  to  the  memoir  is  a 
minute  and  very  interesting  report  of 
the  state  of  the  diocese  of  Llanaaffby 
that  gentleman :  and  to  this  we  must 
refer  our  readers  for  a  full  account  of 
the  Bishop's  adnunistration.  Of  five 
bishops  who  held  this  see  during  nearly 
two-thirds  of  a  centunr  (1782—1849) 
Dr.  Watson  and  Dr.  Uopleston,  unlike 
in  every  other  respect,  resembled  each 
other  in  the  duration  of  tJieir  tenure, 
the  former,  much  to  his  discontent, 
beinff  diocesan  for  twenty-four  years, 
the  lEttter  for  twenty-one ;  but  Dr. 
Watson  preferred  the  repose  and  the 
natural  oeauties  of  Calffarth  Park  to 
the  performance  of  his  episcopal  duties, 
and  his  visits  to  his  flock  were  as  few 
and  as  far  between  as  he  could  possi- 
bly render  them.  The  poor  ill-used 
man,  as  he  deemed  himself,  pined  away 
under  the  burden  of  eight  thousand  a 
^ear,  and  the  disappointment  of  miiSs- 
mg  by  a  few  weeks  the  Archbishopric 
of  Canterbury.  Of  the  Welsh  sees  none 
were  efficiently  organised ;  but  none 
were  more  ddrective  in  ecclesiastical 
government  than  Llandaff.  Arch* 
deacons  indeed  existed,  but  only  in 
,  name,  they  neither  held  visitations  nor 
performed  any  archidiaconal  duties. 
Until  1816  there  were  no  rural  deans, 
and  no  dean  until  1840.  The  bishop 
had  no  house  appropriated  to  him,  the 
cathedral  was  in  rums,  and  in  the  pa^ 
rochial  diurches  no  fox-hunting  squire 
who  had  any  regard  for  the  heuth  and 
efficiency  of  his  pack,  would  have 
lodged  his  hounds,  llie  population 
too  nad  within  the  present  century  un- 
deraone  important  changes— changes 
which  the  ecclesiastical  means  and 
staff  of  the  diocese  were  wholly  in- 
competent to  meet  The  shepherds 
and  small  farmers  who  had  once  been 
the  scattered  tenants  of  the  moorlands 
and  mountain  valleys  had  been  dis- 

S laced,  and  suddenly  displaced,  by  a 
ense,  active,  and  enerffetic  popula- 
tion, attracted  and  employed  by  the 
numerous  iron-works ;  and  this  med- 
ley of  immigrants  from  England,  Ire- 
land, and  Scotland,  were  as  sheep 
having  no  shepherd,  nearly  destitute, 
and  indeed,  but  for  wandering  Me- 
thodists, Congregational  and  Primitive, 
wholly  destitute  of  the  means  of  reli- 
gious and  secular  instruction.  Into 
this  district,  nearly  as  wild  and  law- 
less as  CaUfomia  at  this  moment,  Dr. 


364 


Memoir  of  Bishop  Copleston. 


[Oct, 


Copleston  was  suddenly  transported 
from  the  refinements  of  Oxford,  and 
his  quiet  well-ordered  deanery  of 
Chester ;  and  now  the  practical  sense 
and  administrative  skill  which  he  had 
displayed  in  smaller  and  more  govern- 
able areas,  manifested  itself  in  full 
vigour  throughout  this  region  of  igno- 
rance and  insubordination.  By  gra- 
dual, yet  unceasinff  efforts,  by  firmness, 
mingled  with  indmgence,  he  converted 
part  of  this  moral  waste  into  a  smiling 
plain.  He  lived  to  witness  the  'erec- 
tion of  parsonage  houses,  the  restora- 
tion of  churches,  the  multiplication  of 
schools,  a  resident  clergy,  and  a  grow- 
ing spirit  in  the  wealthier  laity  to  aid 
him,  and  in  the  poorer  to  attend  the 
ministrations  of  religion.  Much  in- 
deed remains  to  be  done,  but  much 
was  done  by  the  late  bishop,  and  he 
was  the  better  enabled  to  forward  the 
good  work  which  he  had  taken  in  hand 
by  his  abstinence  from  all  those  con- 
troversies and  logomachies  which  ren- 
der the  name  of  Oxford  a  by-word, 
and  which  have  laid  bare,  if  they  have 
not  undermined,  the  foundations  of  the 
English  Church. 

The  names  of  Whately  and  of  Co- 
pleston have  long  been  associated,  not 
with  equal  approval,  nor  with  similar 
feelings,  by  all.  We  do  not  presume 
to  draw  any  intellectual  parallel  be- 
tween these  distinguished  men.  Their 
works  speak  for  them  in  the  domains 
of  sound  psychology  and  wholesome 
divinity  ;  but  so  much  in  connnon  be- 
tween them  we  may  without  assump- 
tion point  out,  that  in  an  age  when 
the  ecclesiastical  trumpet  has  been 
more  than  ever  uncertain  in  its  sound, 
when  to  follow  one  bishop  is  virtually 
to  abjure  the  doctrines  of  another, 
and  when  the  very  standard-bearers 
of  the  Church  are  hoisting  strange  and 
incompatible  signals,  the  Archbishop 
of  Dublin  and  the  late  Bishop  of  Llan- 
daff  have  uniformly  adhered  to  the 
"more  excellent  way"  of  holding 
essential  and  neglecting  indifferent 
points,  and  have  made  prominent  the 
practical  rather  than  the  theoretical 
features  of  the  episcopal  oflice.  Both 
eminently  men  of  business,  both  en- 
dowed in  no  common  measure  with 
the  power  of  mastering  its  details  and 
simplifying  its  entanglements, — both 
have  discerned  that  ^wmI  government, 
both  secular  and  spiritual,  consists  not 


in  uniformity  of  opinion,  but  in  con- 
centration of  action,  and  that  moral 
evils  are  not  to  be  encountered  by 
creed  and  ritual,  but  by  bettering  the 
physical  and  cultivating  the  mental 
condition  of  mankind.  So  far  there- 
fore from  wishing  to  sever  or  distin- 
guish, we  would  desire  to  combine 
these  venerated  names,  and  to  hold  up 
the  tutor  Copleston  and  his  pupil 
Whately  as  examples  to  a  distracted 
Church  of  the  superiority  of  action  to 
speculation,  and  of  episcopal  good 
sense  to  episcopal  purism  and  preten- 
sion. Hoc  arte  liooker  and  Jbwell 
and  Taylor  attained  their  position 
among  the  steady  lights  of  the  Church 
firmament.  By  other  arts,  unfortu- 
nately resembling  the  strifes  and  con- 
tentions of  our  days,  Atterbury  died 
in  exile  and  Laud  brought  his  head  to 
the  block. 

If  there  is  one  aspiration  in  Dr. 
Copleston's  letters  and  diary  more  es- 
pecially marked  than  any  other,  it 
was  that  for  attaining  to  a  sound  and 
protracted  old  age.  It  is  curious  to 
observe  how  often  length  of  days  oc- 
cupied his  thoughts.  He  never  missed 
an  opportunity  of  conversing  with  the 
aged,  inquiring  their  habits  of  living 
and  the  comfort  or  discomfort  they 
felt  in  longevity.  Both  his  parents 
were  well  stricken  in  years,  and  re- 
tained to  the  last  their  cheer  and 
alacrity  of  mind.  The  good  Bishop 
indeed  himself  passed  the  psalmists 
period,  since  he  reached  the  age  of 
seventy-three.  But  his  health  was 
latterly  much  impaired,  and  the  labours 
of  his  diocese  probably  did  not  tend  to 
the  extension  of  his  life.  Tlie  follow- 
ing extracts  from  his  diary  exemplify 
his  wish  for  patriarchal  age. 

*'  November  6,  1828.  My  father  and 
mother  arrived  from  Exeter,  both  in  good 
health — one  near  eighty,  the  other  eighty- 
two. 

"  Sunday,  Nov.  9.  My  father  and  his 
grandson  John  served  the  charch  in  the 
morning :  my  brother  read  prayers  and  I 
preached  in  the  afternoon.  This  remark- 
able union  of  three  generations  in  my 
native  place,  made  a  strong  impression 
upon  us  all,  and  upon  the  whole  parish. 
Only  two  individuals  of  the  congregation 
were  there  whom  my  father  found  on  hit 
first  coming  to  Offwell  in  1744. 

"  January  8, 1829.  Dined  at  Falham. 
The  Bishop  had  all  his  near  relations 
there  except  his  brother,  viz.  hit  father. 


1851.]  Original  Account  of  the  Springeit  Family. 


865 


mother,  and  two  sisters.  It  is  remarkable 
that  this  family  nearly  coincides  with  my 
own,  and  we  are  the  only  bishops  on  the 
bench  whose  fathers  are  living/' 

The  desire  for  old  age  peeps  out 
quaintly  enough  in  the  following  quo- 
tation irom  Pnny*8  Epistles. 

*'  He  (the  Bishop)  was  rejoicing  in  the 
agreeable  change  from  the  precincts  of  St. 
Paul's,  to  his  walks,  his  rhododendrons, 
and  his  old  labourers,  with  whom  he  de- 
scribes himself  as  conversing  according  to 
his  wont,  and  then  cites  a  favourite  pas- 
sage from  Pliny.  (Epist.  v.  6) — 

*'  Hinc  senes  multi — videas  avos  proa- 
vosque  juvenum :  audias  fieibnlas  veteres, 
sermonesque  majorum :  quum  yeneris  illo 
putes  alio  te  seeculo  natum." 

The  hinc  refers  to  the  healthy  hills 
of  Offwell. 

We  now  close  this  very  agreeable 
"  Memoir,"  which  has  throughout  in- 


spired us  with  much  respect  for  the 
cnaracter  portrayed  in  it,  and  with  re- 
spect also  and  gratitude  to  the  discreet 
and  reyerential  biographer.  A  volume 
like  the  present  leads  us  to  hope  that 
Oxford  still  retains  within  its  precincts 
a  remnant  of  moderate  men,  who  may 
redeem  her  from  the  imputation  of 
causing  schism  in  the  Church  bj  the 
reyiyal  of  superannuated  ceremonies 
and  mediffiyal  sophisms,  and  to  the 
even  graver  charge  of  resisting  everj 
attempt  to  inquire  into  her  system  of 
education.  Our  hope  is  grounded  on 
the  present  working,  and  the  consti- 
tuent members  of  the  commission  of 
inquiry.  If  the  university  remains 
obstinately  deaf  taits  suggestions,  she 
may  hereafter  produce  graduates  and 
teachers  worthy  of  the  Propaganda 
College  and  Salamanca,  but  sne  most 
bid  a  long  farewell  to  the  generation 
of  Coplestons. 


ORIGINAL  ACCOUNT  OP  THE  SPRINGETT  FAMILY. 

CONTRIBUTED  BT  HEPWOBTH  DIXON. 


THE  unpublished  autobio^phy  of 
Lady  Springett,  mother  or  Penn's 
first  wife  (^li,  which  is  frequently 
referred  to  in  my  life  of  Penn,  con- 
sists of  two  part«.  The  part  which 
is  now  printed  is  called  by  the  writer 
"  a  letter  written  from  me  to  my  dear 
grandchild  Springett  Penn,  written 
about  the  year  1680,  and  left  to  be 
delivered  to  him  at  my  decease."  This 
letter  is  almost  wholly  concerned  with 
the  history  of  the  family  and  the  time ; 
and  deserves,  for  many  reasons,  to  be 
placed  in  the  permanent  security  of 
printers'  ink.  Its  chief  subject.  Sir 
William  Springett,  father-in-law  to 
William  Penn,  is  one  of  the  forgotten 
heroes  of  the  "good  old  cause."  The 
second  part,  which  will  be  printed  in 
our  next  Magazine,  is  s^led  by  the 
writer  "  a  brief  account  of  some  of  my 
exercises  from  my  childhood,  lefl  witn 
my  daughter  Gulielma  Maria  Penn, 
1680,"  and  is  chiefly  concerned  with 
Lady  Springett*s  religious  experiences, 
throwing  curious  side-lights  on  the  pro- 
gress of  sentiment  and  feeling  in  these 
matters  among  the  higher  classes  in  the 
early  part  of  the  civil  troubles.  Beyond 
this,  it  is  only  necessary  to  premise 
that  Lady  Springett,  years  al^r  the 


death  of  her  lord  as  related  in  the  fol- 
lowing paper,  became  a  Quaker,  and 
married  the  famous  Isaac  Pennington, 
son  of  the  equally  famous  Alderman 
Pennington.  The  form  of  her  narra- 
tive, and  the  tone  throughout,  are  those 
of  the  Quaker  lady.  As  said  above, 
it  is  addressed  personally  to  Springett 
Penn,  William  Penn*s  first  and  far 
vourite  son,  whose  melancholy  death 
by  consumption  at  the  age  of  twenty 
so  deeply  wounded  the  sensitive 
founder  of  Pennsylvania.  The  MS. 
will  explain  itself. 

"  A  Letter  from  me  [M.  P.]  to  my  dear 

grandchild  Springet  Penn,  written 

about  the  year  1680,  and  left  to  be 

delivered  to  him  at  my  decease. 

^  Dear  child, — ^Thou  bearing  the  name 

of  thy  worthy  grandfather  Springet,  I  felt 

one  day  the  thing  I  desired  was  answered, 

which  was  the  keeping  up  his  name  and 

memory,  not  in  the  vain  way  of  the  world, 

who  preserve  their  name  for  the  glory  of 

a  family,  but  in  regard  that  he  left  no  son 

his  name  might  not  be  forgotten.    He 

dying  before  thy  mother  was  bom,  thou 

couldst  not  have  the  opportunity  of  her 

putting  thee  in  remembrance  of  him,  so  I 

am  inclined  to  make  mention  of  this  good 

man  to  thee,  that  thou  mayest  preserye 

the  memory  of  this  just  one  m  thy  mind, 


366 


Original  Account  of  the  Springett  FaimUff, 


[Oct 


and  have  [him]  for  a  pattern  to  thee,  that 
imitating  him,  and  following  him  as  he  fol- 
lowed Christ,  thou  may  est  continue  his 
name  in  the  family,  not  only  by  being 
called  after  his  name,  but  more  especially 
by  walking  in  his  footsteps,  and  bearing 
his  image,  and  partaking  of  his  renown, 
by  being  the  virtuous  offspring  of  this 
truly  happy  sire. 

''  Well,  dear  child,  I  will  give  thee  some 
account  of  him.  Thy  dear  mother's 
father  was  of  religions  parents ;  his  fother, 
thy  great-grandfather  (though  a  lawyer), 
was  religious  and  strict,  as  I  have  heard 
of  him,  in  those  things  wherein  the  ad- 
ministration of  that  time  consisted, 
zealous  against  popery,  scrupled  putting 
his  money  to  use,  and  was  of  a  sober  con- 
versation, and  in  the  exercise  of  what  (in 
that  dim  day  of  light)  was  accounted  holy 
duties.  He  was  much  in  praying  (though 
in  a  form),  reading  Scripture  by  himself 
and  in  his  family,  exercised  much  on  such 
like  things  on  that  day  which  they  then 
accounted  their  Sabbath  Day.  He  died  of 
a  consumption,  leaving  thy  great-grand- 
mother with  two  sons,  and  with  child  of  a 
daughter.  She  was  married  to  him  about 
three  years,  and  left  a  widow  about  twenty- 
two  or  twenty-three.  She  was  an  excel- 
lent woman,  and  had  a  great  regard  t(^  the 
well-being  of  her  children,  both  in  tlic  in- 
ward and  outward  condition,  and  that  she 
might  the  better  bring  up  her  children 
lived  a  retired  life,  rehised  marriage 
(though  frequently  well  offered,  as  I  have 
heard  her  say).  She  suffered  pretty  hard 
things  from  his  two  brothers.  Sir  Thomas 
Springet  and  a  brother-in-law,  who  were 
his  executors,  through  their  jealousy  that 
she  being  so  very  young  a  widow  would 
marry.  They  refused  her  the  education 
of  her  children,  and  put  her  upon  suing 
for  it,  which  she  obtained  with  charge, 
and  some  years*  suit  She  lived  a  virtuous 
life,  constant  in  morning  and  evening 
prayer  by  herself,  and  often  with  her 
children,  causing  them  to  repeat  what  they 
remembered  ot  sermons  and  scripture. 
I  lived  in  the  house  with  her  from  nine 
years  of  age,  till  after  I  was  married  to 
her  son,  and  after  he  died  she  came  and 
lived  with  me  and  died  at  my  house;  in 
all  which  time  I  never  saw,  or  heard,  as  I 
remember,  of  any  immodest,  indiscreet, 
or  evil  action.  She  spent  her  time  very 
ingeniously,  and  in  a  bountiftil  manner  be- 
stowed great  part  of  her  jointure  yearly  upon 
the  poor,  and  in  physic  and  chirurgery. 
She  had  about  twelve  score  pounds  a-year 
jointure,  and  with  it  she  kept  a  brace  of 
geldings,  a  man  and  a  maid  servant.  (She 
board^  at  her  only  brother's,  Sir  Ed- 
ward Partridge's.)  She  kept  several  poor 
women  coDitantly  employed  in  limpling 


for  her  in  summer  and  in  winter,  pro- 
curing such  things  as  she  had  use  of  in 
physic  and  chirurgery,  and  for  eyes,  having 
eminent  judgment  in  all  these,  and  ad- 
mirable success,  which  made  her  famous 
and  sought  to  out  of  several  countries  by 
the  greatest  persons  and  by  the  low  ones* 
She  was  daily  employing  her  servants  in 
making  oils,  salves,  balsams,  drawing 
spirits,  distilling  of  waters,  making  syraps, 
conserves  of  many  kinds,  purges,  pillf » 
and  lozenges. 

**  She  was  so  rare  in  taking  off  oataract 
and  spots  in  eyes,  that  Stephens  the  great 
occulist  sent  many  to  her  house  whero 
there  was  difficulty  in  core.  She  cured 
in  my  knowledge  many  bams,  and  despe- 
rate cuts,  and  dangerous  sores  that  came 
by  thorns,  and  broken  limbs ;  many  of 
the  king's  evil,  taking  out  several  bones. 
One  burn  I  in  especial  manner  remember,— 
a  child's  head,  [which]  was  so  burnt  that 
its  skull  was  like  a  coal,  she  brought  to 
have  skin  and  hair,  and  invented  a  thin 
plate  of  beaten  silver,  covert  with  blad- 
der, to  preserve  the  head  in  case  of  n 
fall.  She  frequently  helped  in  consump- 
tions beyond  the  skill  of  doctors  to  help. 
Through  her  care  and  diligence,  in  the  vU- 
lage  about  her,  several  patients  that  came 
some  hundreds  of  miles  for  cure  lay  there 
sometimes  a  quarter  of  a  year  from  their 
families.  She  has  had  twenty  persons  in 
a  morning  to  dress,  men,  women,  and 
children,  of  wounds,  and  for  sore  eyes, 
and  to  apply  physic.  I  have  heard  her 
say  she  spent  half  her  rerenne  in  making 
all  these  medicines  which  she  needed  ibr 
these  cures,  and  never  received  a  penny 
for  any  charge  she  was  at,  but  hath  often 
returned  presents  of  value ;  only  this  die 
would  do,  if  the  patients  were  able  and 
needed  not  what  she  had  in  the  hoasOi 
she  gave  them  a  note  of  what  things  they 
should  buy,  and  she  made  tiieir  medicines. 
Her  man  spent  great  part  of  his  time  in 
writing  directions  and  fitting  np  salves 
and  medicines.  She  was  greatly  beloved 
and  honoured  for  this  in  the  place  iriiere 
she  dwelt. 

'*  She  since  the  wars,  in  her  latter  time, 
was  one  called  a  Puritan  in  her  religion, 
and  after  an  Independant,  and  kept  an 
independant  minister  in  her  house,  and 
gave  liberty  to  people  to  come  twice  a 
week  to  her  house  to  hear  him  preach. 
She  sat  apart  constantly  the  seventh  day, 
about  three  or  four  hours  in  the  afkemoon, 
for  her  family  to  leave  all  their  occasions, 
and  this  minister  preached  and  prayed 
with  them  for  a  preparation  for  the  mor* 
row.  She  was  a  most  tender  and  affeo^ 
tionate  mother  to  thy  grandfather,  and 
always  shewed  great  kindn^s  to  me ;  in- 
deed she  was  very  hononrable  In  conniel- 


1851.]  Original  Account  of  the  Springett  Family. 


367 


ing  her  son  not  to  marry  for  an  estate, 
and  put  by  many  great  offers  of  persons 
with  thousands,  urging  him  to  consider 
what  would  make  him  happy  in  a  choice. 
She  propounded  my  marriage  to  him  be- 
cause we  were  bred  together  of  children, 
I  nine  years  old  and  he  twelve,  when  we 
(first)  came  to  live  together.  She  would 
discourse  with  him  on  this  wise,  that  she 
knew  me  and  we  were  known  to  one 
another,  and  said  she  chose  me  for  his 
wife  before  any  with  a  great  portion,  if  I 
had  no  portion,  because  of  these  things 
and  our  equality  in  outward  condition  and 
years.  She  lived  to  see  thy  mother  three 
or  four  years  old,  and  was  very  affec- 
tionate to  her,  and  took  great  delight  to 
see  her  wisdom. 

"  Now,  to  come  to  thy  grandfather  ; 
she  having,  as  I  said,  educated  him  and 
the  rest  of  her  children  in  the  fear  of  the 
Lord,  according  to  the  knowledge  given 
in  that  day,  and  took  great  care  in  placing 
him  both  at  school  and  university,  she 
sent  him  to  Cambridge  (as  being  accounted 
more  sober  than  Oxford),  and  placed  him 
in  a  Puritan  college  called  Katherine's 
Hall,  where  was  a  very  sober  tender 
master  of  the  house,  an'd  a  grave  sober 
tutor ;  as  also  she  appointed  one  Ellis, 
who  was  accounted  a  Puritan,  she  having 
brought  him  up  inf  his  youth,  and  got  the 
preferment  of  a  Fellow  in  that  college. 
Thy  grandfather  coming  from  Cambridge 
young,  was  placed  at  the  Inns  of  Court, 
but  he  being  religiously  inclined,  stayed 
not  long  there,  but  came  into  Kent,  where 
his  mother  was,  and  he  heard  one  Wilson, 
who  had  been  suspended  for  not  conform- 
ing to  the  bishops  (for  about  three  years) ; 
he  was  an  extraordinary  man  in  his  day. 
Thy  grandfather  declined  bishops  and 
common  prayer  very  early.  When  he  was 
between  twenty  and  twenty-one  we  mar- 
ried, and  without  a  ring,  and  many  of 
their  formal  dark  words  left  out  (upon  his 
ordering  it),  he  being  so  zealous  against 
common  prayer  and  such  like  things. 
His  averseness  to  common  prayer  and  su- 
perstitious customs,  made  him  a  proverb 
and  a  reproach  amongst  his  intimates  and 
acquaintance,  and  to  dishonour  him  they 
reported  many  feilse  things  ;  his  averseness 
to  common  prayer,  they  reported  that  he 
should  say  he  never  asked  God  forgive- 
ness, but  for  two  sins ;  one  was  for  going 
to  church  and  another  for  saying  the 
Lord's  Prayer.  Indeed  he  was  so  sensi- 
ble of  their  blind  superstition  concerning 
that  they  call  their  church  as  he  would 
give  disdaining  words  about  it,  and  speak 
about  [putting  ?]  their  church  timber  to 
very  common  uses,  to  shew  his  abhor- 
rence to  their  placing  holiness  in  it.  When 
he  had  a  child  be  refused  the  midwife  to 


say  her  formal  prayer,  and  prayed  him- 
self, and  gave  thanks  to  the  Lord  in  a 
very  sweet  melted  way,  which  caused  great 
amazement.  He  never  went  to  the  parish 
church,  but  went  many  miles  to  this 
aforementioned  Willson.  Nor  would  he 
go  to  prayers  in  the  house,  but  prayed 
morning  and  evening  with  me  and  his 
servants  in  our  chambers,  which  wrought 
great  discontent  in  the  family  (we  board- 
ing with  his  uncle  Sir  Edward  Partridge). 
He  would  not  let  the  parish  priest  baptize 
his  child ;  but  when  it  was  eight  days  old 
had  it  carried  in  arms  five  miles  to  this 
Willson  above  mentioned,  about  the  time 
called  Michaelmas.  There  was  great  se- 
riousness and  solemnity  in  the  doing  of 
this  thing,  we  then  looking  upon  it  as  an 
ordinance  of  God.  Notes  were  sent  to 
the  professing  people  round  about  more 
than  ten  miles  distant,  to  come  and  seek 
the  Lord  at  such  a  time  for  a  blessing 
upon  his  ordinance.  There  was  none  of 
their  superstitious  customs,  and  that  they 
call  gossips,  nor  any  person  to  hold  the 
child  but  the  father,  whom  the  preacher, 
when  he  came,  spoke  to,  to  hold  the  child, 
as  being  the  fittest  person  to  take  the 
charge  of  him;  it  was  a  great  cross  to  him, 
and  a  new  business,  and  caused  much 
gazing  and  wonderment  for  him,  (being  a 
gallant,  and  very  young  man,)  in  the  face 
of  so  great  assembly  to  hold  the  child  in 
his  arms,  and  receive  a  large  charge  of  his 
educating  the  child,  and  declaring  to  him 
his  duty  toward  his  child.  This  was  so 
new  that  he  was  the  first  of  quality  that 
had  refused  these  things  in  their  country. 
In  this  zeal  against  dark  formality,  and 
the  superstitions  of  the  times,  he  having 
taken  the  Scotch  Covenant  against  all 
popery  and  popish  innovations,  as  also  the 
English  Engagement,  when  his  child  was 
about  a  month  old,  he  had  a  commission 
sent  him  to  be  colonel  of  a  regiment  of 
foot,  when  the  fight  was  at  Edge-Hill, 
and  he  raised  without  beat  of  drum  eight 
hundred  men,  most  of  them  professors 
and  professors'  sons,  near  six  score  vo- 
lunteers of  his  own  company,  himself 
going  a  volunteer,  and  took  no  pay.  He 
afterwards  was  made  a  deputy  lieutenant 
in  the  county  of  Kent,  in  which  employ- 
ment he  was  zealous  and  diligent  for  the 
cause,  insomuch  as  they  looked  upon  him 
as  like  to  be  mad,  because  he  reproved 
their  carnal  wisdom  in  managing  of  things, 
and  told  them  it  was  the  cause  of  Gkld, 
and  they  should  trust  God  in  it,  and  do 
what  in  them  lay  to  act  according  to  their 
Covenant  and  Engagement  which  they  had 
taken  to  oppose  with  their  lives  popery 
and  popish  innovations.  Within  a  few 
days  after  his  regiment  was  raised  there 
was  a  rising  in  the  Yale  of  Kent  of  many 


368 


Original  Account  of  the  Springett  Family. 


[Oct 


thousands,  to  the  suppressing  of  which  he 
and  his  new-gathered  and  undisciplined 
soldiers  were  commanded  from  their  ren- 
dezvous at  Maidstone,  where  it  was  said 
that  the  vain  company  in  the  town  had  a 
design  of  doing  them  injury  by  gun- 
powder. He  having  placed  his  men  in 
such  order  as  their  youth  and  the  time 
would  permit,  came  to  me  (who  had  then 
lain  in  about  a  month)  to  take  his  leave  of 
me,  before  they  encountered  the  enemy, 
but  when  he  came  he  found  me  in  danger 
of  being  put  out  of  the  house,  in  case  the 
enemy  proceeded  so  far.  He  having  had 
orders  that  morning  (being  a  fifth  day)  to 
march  with  his  regiment  in  company  of 
some  other  regiments  to  keep  a  pass 
where  it  was  reported  Prince  Rupert  was 
coming  over  to  join  with  the  risers.  It  was 
a  great  surprise  to  him  to  find  me  in  that 
danger,  and  it  put  him  upon  great  diffi- 
culties to  provide  for  my  security  and  to  re- 
turn to  his  regiment  at  the  time  appointed. 
But  he  being  of  a  diligent,  industrious 
mind,  and  of  a  quick  capacity,  found  out 
a  course  that  did  effect  it,  which  was  this : 
He  fetched  a  stage-coach  from  Rochester 
(which  was  about  seven  miles  off  Maid- 
stone, in  which  parish  I  was),  and  in  the 
night  carried  me  and  my  child,  to  whom 
I  gave  suck,  and  my  maid-servant,  to 
Gravesend,  and  there  hired  a  barge  for 
me  to  go  to  London,  and  took  a  solemn 
leave  of  me,  as  not  expecting  to  see  me 
again,  and  went  post  to  his  regiment.  So 
soon  as  I  came  to  London  the  whole  city 
was  in  arms,  and  there  was  nothing  but 
noise  of  drums  and  trumpets,  and  clatter- 
ing of  arms,  and  crying  *'  Arm,.arra !"  for 
the  enemy  was  near  the  city  ;  which  proved 
to  be  that  bloody  fight  between  the  Par- 
liament's forces  and  the  King's  at  Houns- 
low  Heath.  Not  many  days  after,  the 
risers  beiog  dispersed  in  Kent,  he  came  to 
London,  having  behaved  himself  very  ap- 
provable  in  endeavouring  to  get  restored 
the  cattle  and  horses  to  the  persons  that 
had  been  plundered  by  the  risers,  who  had 
taken  a  great  quantity,  but  were  in  pos- 
session of  the  soldiers,  by  their  being  dis- 
persed. Thy  grandfather,  being  advised 
with  what  place  they  should  secure  this 
stock  in,  that  the  owners  might  come  and 
claim  what  was  theirs,  he  appointed  them 
what  they  call  their  church,  which  he  saw 
done  ;  but  being  applied  to  by  the  owners 
for  their  cattle,  he  went  with  them  to  this 
place ;  but  when  he  came  he  found  the 
cattle  driven  away  by  a  colonel  of  that 
county,  into  an  island  of  his  own  in  that 
county,  accounting  it  [hjis  spoil  for  his  ser- 
vice. This  proved  honourable  for  thy  grand- 
father, he  having  no  less  share  in  the  sup- 
pretsion  of  them  than  that  other  party, 
but  he  applied  himself  to  relieve  them  that 


were  oppressed  by  plunder,  and  the  other 
endeavoured  the  enriching  himself. 

He  went  upon  several  services  with  this 
regiment,  as  at  the  taking  of  the  Lord 
Craven's  house  in  Surrey,  where  several  of 
his  own  company  of  volunteers,  men*ii  sons 
of  substance,  were  of  the  forlorn  hope. 
He  was  also  at  the  fight  at  Newbury, 
where  he  was  in  imminent  danger,  a  ballet 
hitting  him  but  had  lost  its  force  to  enter. 
He  lay  some  nights  in  the  field,  there 
being  neither  time  nor  conveniency  to 
fetch  his  tent,  which  he  had  with  him. 
He  lay  in  the  Lord  Robert8*8  coach.  Thej 
had  scarcity  of  salt,  and  so  would  not 
venture  upon  eating  flesh,  but  lived  some 
days  upon  candied  green  citron  and  bis- 
cuit. He  was  in  several  other  engagements. 
Then  he  carried  his  regiment  back  into 
Kent.  The  last  service  he  was  in  was  at 
Arundel  in  Sussex,  where  he  died,  as  I 
may  further  give  thee  an  account,  bat  I 
am  not  willing  to  let  slip  the  taking  notice 
to  thee  of  his  gallant  and  true  English 
spirit.  He  opposed  all  arbitrarineaa  in 
discipline  of  an  army ;  to  which  purpose 
he  claimed  his  right  as  a  colonel  to  sit  in 
their  council  of  war,  which  (there  being) 
a  selfish  cabal  refused,  engrossing  the  ms- 
nagement  of  secret  designs  to  themselTes, 
which  he  gave  testimony  against,  saying  it 
was  contrary  to  all  military  laws.  Those 
of  the  cabal  were  one  Merrick,  whose 
name  was  — — ,  and  a  Scotchman  whose 
name  was  '.     He  had  his  eye  lo 

much  upon  them,  and  discovered  so  ma«h 
of  their  intending  a  trade  in  this  engage- 
ment, or  at  least  a  compliance  with  the 
King  for  their  own  advantage,  that  he 
constantly  published  his  dislike,  insomnch 
that  he  was  warned  by  several  of  his  inti- 
mates of  having  some  mischief  done  to 
him,  if  not  his  life  sought.  But  he  re- 
ceived in  such  a  sense,  by  their  secret 
and  selfish  management  of  things,  together 
with  the  exaltedness  and  bravery  of  the 
captains  and  colonels  that  went  out  at 
first  with  Colonel  Hollies,  many  of  them 
that  went  out  being  very  mean  men,  and 
the  consideration  of  what  glory  he  had 
parted  with,  and  into  what  meanness  we 
had  put  ourselves  for  the  cause ;  that  he 
concluded  the  cause  was  lost  for  which  be 
engaged,  and  thereupon  resolved  not  to 
go  forth  any  more,  and  so  returned  with 
his  regiment  after  the  fight  into  Kent. 

Not  long  after  his  own  native  country, 
Sussex,  was  in  danger  of  spoil  by  the  Ca- 
valier party,  who  had  taken  Arundel  town, 
and  fortified  the  town  and  castle  ;  Sir  Wil- 
liam Wnllcr  commanded  in  chief  against 
them,  to  whose  assistance  the  associated 
counties  were  sentfor.  Amongst  the  lereral 
regiments  thy  grandfather^s  regiment  was 
invited.    He  looking  upon  tUs  engage* 


1851.]  Original  Account  of  the  SpHngett  Famify. 


369 


ment  as  a  particular  service  to  his  own 
county,  with  great  freedom  went  to  Arun- 
del ;  there  they  had  a  long  siege  before 
the  town.  After  they  had  taken  the  town 
they  besieged  the  castle;  it  was  a  very  dif- 
ficult, hard  service,  but  being  taken,  thy 
grandfather  and  Colonel  Morley  had  the 
government  and  management  of  the  castle 
committed  to  their  charge.  But  few  weeks 
after  this  the  disease  of  the  soldiers  that 
were  in  the  town  and  castle,  called  the 
calenture  (or  sun-fever,  frequent  at  sea), 
seized  on  him  at  his  quarters,  at  one 
Wade's,  near  Arundel,  whither  he  sent  for 
me  in  the  depth  of  winter  frost  and 
snow,  from  London,  to  come  to  him, 
which  was  very  difficult  for  me  to  com- 
pass, being  great  with  child  of  thy  mother, 
the  waters  being  out  at  Newington  and 
several  places,  that  we  were  forced  to  row 
in  the  lughways  with  a  boat,  and  take  the 
things  in  the  coach  with  us,  and  the 
horses  to  be  led  with  strings  tied  to  their 
bridles,  and  to  swim  the  coach  and  horses 
in  the  highways  ;  which  things  the  coach- 
men were  so  sensible  of,  and  the  badness 
of  the  ways  between  London  and  Arundel 
at  that  time  of  the  year,  which  made  them 
refuse  me  almost  throughout  the  neigh- 
bouring streets,  only  one  widow  woman 
that  kept  a  coach,  and  had  taken  a  great 
deal  of  our  money,  and  had  a  very  great 
respect  for  thy  grandfather,  undertook  to 
have  her  servant  go,  though  he  should 
hazard  his  horses.  So  I  gave  him  a  very 
great  price  (twelve  pounds)  to  carry  me 
down,  and  to  return,  if  not  with  him, 
within  a  day's  stay.  It  was  a  very  tedious 
journey,  wherein  I  was  benighted,  and 
overthrown  in  the  dark  into  a  hedge, 
which  when  we  came  to  come  out  we  had 
hardly  room  to  get  out,  for  fear  of  falling 
down  a  very  deep  precipice  that  was  on 
the  other  side,  which  if  we  had  fallen  on 
that  side  we  had  certainly  broken  our- 
selves to  pieces.  We  had  only  a  guide 
with  us,  that  was  the  messenger  from  thy 
grandfather,  who,  riding  on  a  white  horse, 
was  the  only  help,  we  had  to  (see,  to)  follow 
in  the  way. 

**  Coming  by  a  garrison  late  at  night, 
the  colonel  whereof  required  the  guard  to 
stop  the  coach,  and  give  notice  to  him  by 
firing  a  gun,  which  he  did ;  upon  which 
the  colonel  came  immediately  down  to 
invite  me  to  stay,  and,  to  encourage  me, 
told  me  that  my  husband  was  like  to 
mend,  and  that  he  understood  I  was  near 
my  time,  beseeched  me  I  would  not 
hazard  myself.  Upon  which  the  coach- 
man (being  sensible  of  the  difficulties  he 
should  undergo)  would  needs  force  me  to 
lodge  in  the  garrison,  saying  his  horses 
would  not  hold  out,  and  they  would  be 
ipoiled,  to  which  I  replied,  that  I  was 

Gbht.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


obliged  to  pay  for  all  the  horses  if  they 
suffered,  and  that  I  was  resolved  not  to  go 
out  of  the  coach  unless  it  broke  until  I 
came  so  near  the  house  that  I  could  com- 
pass it  on  foot ;  so  finding  my  resolution 
he  put  on.  When  we  came  to  Arundel 
we  met  with  a  most  dismal  sight :  the 
town  being  depopulated,  all  the  windowa 
broken  with  the  great  guns,  and  the  sol- 
diers making  stables  of  all  the  shops  and 
lower  rooms ;  and,  there  being  no  light  in 
the  town  but  what  came  from  the  light  In 
the  stables,  we  passed  through  the  town 
toward  his  quarters.  Within  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  of  the  house  the  horses  were  at  a 
stand,  and  we  could  not  understand  the 
reason  of  it,  so  we  sent  our  guide  down  to 
the  house  for  a  candle  and  lantern,,  and  to 
come  to  our  assistance;  upon  which  the 
report  came  to  my  husband,  who  told 
them  they  were  mistaken,  he  knew  I  could 
not  come,  I  was  so  near  my  time;  but 
they  affirming  that  it  was  so,  he  com- 
manded them  to  sit  him  up  in  his  bed, 
'  that  I  may  see  her,'  said  he,  <  when  she 
comes ;'  but  the  wheel  of  the  coach  being 
pitched  in  the  root  of  a  tree  it  was  some 
time  before  I  could  come.  It  was  about 
twelve  at  night  when  we  arrived,  and  as 
soon  as  I  put  my  foot  into  the  hall  (there 
being  a  pair  of  stairs  out  of  the  hall  into 
his  chamber),  I  heard  his  voice,  <Whf 
will  you  lie  to  me !  if  she  be  come,  let 
me  hear  her  voice  ;'  which  struck  me  so 
that  I  had  hardly  power  to  get  up  stdn ; 
but  being  borne  up  by  two,  he  seeing  me, 
the  fever  having  took  his  head,  in  a  man- 
ner sprang  up,  as  if  he  would  come  out  of 
his  bed,  saying, '  Let  me  embrace  thee  be- 
fore I  die ;  I  am  going  to  tiiy  God  and  my 
God.'  I  found  most  of  his  officers  aboot 
his  bed  attending  on  him  with  great  caro 
and  signification  of  sorrow  for  the  con- 
dition he  was  in,  they  greatly  loving  him. 
The  purple  spots  came  out  the  dav  before, 
and  now  were  struck  in,  and  the  rever  got 
into  his  head,  upon  which  they  caused 
him  to  keep  his  bed,  having  not  been  per- 
suaded to  go  to  bed  no  day  since  his 
illness  till  then,  which  had  been  five  days. 
Before  his  spots  came  out,  they  seemr 
his  dangerous  condition  (so  many  Kentish 
men,  both  commanders  and  others  having 
died  of  it  in  a  week's  time  near  his  quar- 
ters,) constrained  him  to  keep  his  cham- 
ber, but  such  was  the  activeness  of  his 
spirit  and  stoutness  of  his  heart  ^at  he 
could  not  yield  to  this  ill  that  was  upon 
him,  but  covenanted  with  them  that  he 
would  shoot  birds  with  his  cross-bow  out 
of  the  windows,  which  he  did  till  the  fever 
took  his  head,  and  the  spots  went  in ;  and 
after  that  the  fever  was  so  violent,  and  he 
so  young  and  strong  of  body,  and  his 
blood  so  hot  (being  bnt  about  the  age 

3  B 


370 


Original  Account  of  the  Springett  Family. 


[Oct. 


of  23)  that  they  were  forced  to  sit  round 
the  hed  to  keep  him  in,  hut  he  spoke  no 
evil  or  raving  words  at  all,  but  spoke 
seriously  about  his  dying  to  my  doctor, 
whom  I  brought  down  with  nie  by  his  orders. 
He  appointed  him  what  physic  he  should 
give  him,  saying  also  to  him, '  What  you  do 
do  quickly  ;  if  this  does  not  do,  nothing 
will  help  me. '  He  spoke  most  affection- 
ately to  me,  and  very  wittingly  to  his 
ofiScers,  as  the  marshal  and  others,  about 
keeping  their  prisoners  and  making  u))  the 
breach,  and  to  keep  the  watch,  which  he 
n^eant  [?]  his  getting  out  of  bed,  which  he 
attempted  to  do  often,  or  putting  out  his 
legs  and  arms.  His  breath  was  so  scorch- 
ing that  it  made  his  lips  chap.  He  dis- 
cerning my  mouth  was  cool,  did  hardly 
permit  me  to  take  it  off  to  breathe,  but 
would  cry  out,  *  Oh  1  don't  leave  me ; ' 
which  the  doctor  and  my  own  maid  ser- 
vant and  the  attendants  were  very  much 
troubled  at,  looking  upon  the  infection  to 
be  so  high  that  it  endangered  the  in- 
fecting myself  and  child  by  taking  his 
breath  into  me.  I  being  also  very  near  my 
time,  found  it  a  very  uneasy  posture  for  me 
(two  hours  at  times,  if  not  more,)  to  bow 
myself  to  him  to  cool  his  lips  with  my 
mouth.  The  physic  which  he  ordered 
being  applied  to  him,  he  observed  the 
manner  of  its  operation  to  be  a  significa- 
tion of  death,  and  called  out  to  the  doctor 
in  these  like  words  :  '  This  will  not  do,  I 
am  a  dead  man.'  The  same  the  doctor 
had  concluded  upon  the  like  sign,  though 
he  said  nothing.  He  called  upon  mc 
again  to  lay  my  mouth  to  his,  which  I  did 
for  a  considerable  time;  and  he  would 
lie  very  quiet  while  I  was  able  to  bear 
this  posture  of  bowing  over  him,  and  in 
this  stillness  he  fell  asleep,  which  they 
that  were  by  observing,  constrained  me  to 
go  to  bed,  considering  my  condition,  and 
that  I  might  leave  my  maid-servant  with 
him,  who  might  bring  me  an  account  of 
him.  I  was  prevailed  with,  and  went 
to  bed ;  and  when  he  awoke  he  seemed 
much  refreshed,  and  took  great  notice  of 
the  maid-servant,  saying,  *  You  are  my 
wife's  maid  (for  she  waited  on  me  in  my 
chamber).  Where,  where,  is  my  wife 
(said  he)  ?  How  does  my  boy  ? '  And  many 
particulars  he  inquired  of  her  concerning 
me.  '  Go  to  my  wife,'  soith  he,  *  and  tell  her 
that  I  am  almost  ready  to  embrace  her,  I 
am  so  refreshed  with  my  sleep.'  She  came 
up,  and  gave  me  this  account,  upon  which 
I  would  have  risen  and  come  down  to  him, 
but  she  persuaded  me  not,  saying,  he 
would  go  to  sleep  again,  and  I  would  but 
hinder  it;  so  I  sent  her  down  with  a 
message  to  him,  and  went  to  rest,  not 
thinking  but  that  there  (according  to  the 
description  she  made)  might  have  been  a 


probability  of  his  recovering,  so  I  lay 
late.  In  the  morning,  when  I  came  dowiiy 
I  saw  a  great  change  upon  him,  and  sad- 
ness upon  all  faces  about  him,  which  thing 
stunned  me,  I  having  let  in  hope  aa  before. 
He  spoke  affectionately  to  me,  and  sereral 
weighty  serious  expressions  he  had.  Atlatt 
he  called  me  to  him,  saying, '  Come,  my  dear, 
let  me  kiss  thee  before  I  die,'  which  he  did 
with  that  heartiness  expressive  of  hit 
tender  regard  :  '  Come,  once  more,  let  me 
kiss  thee,  and  take  my  leave  of  thee,'  said 
he,  which  he  did  in  the  same  manner  as 
before,  saying,  '  Now,  no  more,  no  more, 
never  no  more,'  which  having  done  he  fell 
into  a  very  great  agony.  He  having  had 
but  about  seven  days'  illness  of  this  violent 
contagious  fever,  it  having  not  impaired 
his  strength,  but  inflamed  his  blood  and 
heightened  his  spirits,  and  being  a  young 
lusty  man,  he  in  this  agony  snapped 
his  arms  and  legs  with  that  force  tint 
the  veins  seemed  to  sound  like  the  sni^* 
ping  of  catgut  strings  tightened  npon  an 
instrument  of  music.  Oh  I  this  was  • 
dreadful  sight  to  me,  my  very  heart-stringi 
seemed  to  break.  The  doctor,  and  my 
husband's  chaplain,  and  some  of  the  chidF 
officers  that  were  by,  observing  this  violent 
condition,  that  the  bed  seemed  to  be  aa  if 
it  would  fall  in  pieces  under  him,  consider- 
ing together  what  to  do,  and  taking  no- 
tice that  this  befel  him  upon  his  taking 
leave  of  me,  they  concluded  that  they  most 
either  persuade  me  or  take  me  by  force 
from  the  bedside,  his  great  love  for  me, 
and  beholding  me  there,  being  the  occa- 
sion of  this.  Upon  which  they  ^me  to 
me,  and  desired  me  to  go  to  the  fire,  for 
my  being  there  occasioned  this  deep  per* 
plexity,  and  whilst  I  stood  there  he  could 
not  die,  which  word  was  so  great,  that 
I,  like  an  astonished,  amazed  creature, 
stamped  with  my  foot  and  cryed  '  Die, 
die,  must  he  die  !  I  cannot  go  from  him.' 
At  which  two  of  them  gently  lifted  [me]  in 
their  arms,  and  carried  me  to  the  fireside, 
which  was  a  pretty  distance  from  the  bed, 
and  there  they  held  me. from  coming  to 
him  again,  at  which  time  I  wept  not,  but 
stood  silent  and  struck.  Soon  after  I  waa 
brought  from  the  bed,  he  lay  very  still, 
and  when  they  thought  his  sight  was 
gone,  that  he  could  not  see  me,  they  let 
me  go ;  I,  standing  at  his  bedside,  saw 
the  most  amiable  pleasant  countenance 
that  ever  I  beheld,  just  like  a  person 
ravished  with  something  that  he  beheld, 
smiling  like  a  young  diild,  when  (as  the 
saying  is)  they  see  angels.  He  lay 
about  an  hour  in  this  condition,  and  to- 
wards sunset  turned  quick  about,  and 
called  upon  a  kinsman  of  his,  *  Anthony, 
come  quickly ; '  at  which  very  instant  we 
found  him   come  riding  into  the  yard, 


1851.]  OHginal  Account  of  the  Springett  Family. 


371 


beiDg  come  many  miles  to  see  him.  Soon 
after  this  he  died,  it  being  in  the  twelfth 
month.  When  he  was  dead,  then  I  could 
weep ;  so  soon  as  the  breath  was  out  of  his 
body,  they  immediately  took  me  up  into  a 
chamber,  and  suffered  mc  no  more  to  see 
him,  for  fear  that  in  my  condition  it  would 
affright  me. 

"  He  was  put  into  a  coffin  the  next 
morning  early,  and  privately  carried  away 
in  his  own  ammunition  waggon  to  Ring- 
more,  a  parish  in  which  he  was  bom,  and 
some  of  his  ancestors  lay,  he  being  ac- 
companied by  his  officers  and  soldiers, 
that  no  notice  might  be  taken  of  his  being 
buried,  because  it  was  expected,  and  in- 
tended, that  a  funeral  should  be  made  ac- 
cording to  the  formalities  and  manner  of 
one  of  his  condition  in  the  army,  and  ac- 
cordingly there  was  orders  taken  with  the 
officers  and  soldiers  to  pat  themselves  in 
a  posture  for  the  time  appointed.  But 
when  I  returned  to  London,  and  the  will 
was  opened,  and  the  condition  he  died  in 
examined,  it  was  found  that  things  were 
not  in  a  condition  to  admit  of  such  a 
charge,  which  would  have  been  some  hun- 
dreds. He  died  two  thousand  pounds  in 
debt,  great  part  of  it  contracted  by  the 
wars;  as  three  hundred  pounds  to  the 
Irish  business ;  five  hundred  pounds  to 
the  Guildhall ;  all  his  ammunition  wag- 
gons, tents,  furniture,  and  accommodation 
for  him  in  several  engagements,  besides 
going  out  a  volunteer,  and  keeping  a  table 
at  Arundel  for  those  of  his  own  company 
that  were  volunteers.  He  had  so  largely 
expended  in  those  concerns,  that  all  my 
portion  was  spent,  which  was  sixteen  hun- 
dred pounds,  and  his  Michaelmas  rents 
were  paid  in  at  Arundel,  and  he  had  when 
he  died  but  twelve  pounds  in  money  in 
his  trunk,  and  many  great  sums  to  be 
paid  in  his  quarters,  and  at  Arundel,  and 
several  other  places  in  his  march,  and 
where  his  soldiers  had  lain,  as  smiths' 
bills,  provision  for  horses  that  attended  his 
person  and  carriages,  wages  to  his  grooms, 
waggons,  and  such  like  that  attended  him, 
the  army  having  paid  for  none  of  them. 
Besides  all  this,  there  was  a  mortgage 
made  upon  his  farm,  called  Chundlers,  on 
the  Downs,  of  three  hundred  pounds, 
which  he  took  up  of  his  sister's  portion  oif 
money.  He  also  mortgaged  another  part 
of  his  lands  to  one  Banks,  of  Maidstone, 
treasurer  to  the  Kentish  regiments,  for 
about  two  hundred  pounds,  taken  up  but 
a  few  days  before  he  marched  to  Arundel, 
for  his  present  accommodation,  his  Mi- 
chaelmas rents  not  being  paid  then.  He 
also  had  contracted  with  Captain  Courtrop, 
who  had  a  lease  of  twenty-one  years  of  his 
woods  at  the  Frith,  to  pay  him  at  the  ex- 
piring of  his  lease  five  hundred  and  sixty 


pounds,  for  standards  to  be  left  in  the 
wood,  which,  upon  the  non-payment  of  it, 
he  had  power  to  cut  down,  and  grub  up 
the  woods  ;  this  was  payable  within  a  year 
after  his  death,  which  was  concludea  by 
those  that  understood  things  to  be  of  ne- 
cessity to  be  paid.  Now,  all  that  ever  I 
had  of  [?]  pay  was  that  one  hundred  and 
fifty  or  two  hundred  pounds,  which  I  sent 
to  the  deputy  lieutenant  to  pay,  least  that 
mortgage  that  was  made  shoidd  be  for- 
feited. 

'*  And  now,  my  dear  child,  after  I  have 
related  what  I  can  at  present  remember 
of  his  parents,  his  education,  and  mar- 
riage, and  going  into  the  wars,  where  he 
died  (though  not  in  battle,  yet  of  the 
disease  in  the  castle  of  Arundel,  after  it 
was  taken),  I  will  give  thee  some  small 
hint  of  the  many  excellent  things  that 
he  was  eminently  exemplary  for,  as  his 
zeal,  generosity;  compassionate,  charitable 
mind  ;  his  justice,  affableness,  ingenuity , 
activity,  and  industry,  and  courage  with- 
out harshness  or  cruelty. 

**  To  mention  first  his  zeal  for  the  Lord 
and  his  cause  (for  that  it  truly  was  which 
he  engaged  for  in  his  day)  ;  he  began 
very  early  to  see  the  superstitious  follies 
and  fruitless  devotion,  both  in  the  minis- 
try and  whole  worship  of  the  Church  of 
England.  He  abhorred  their  manner  of 
making  and  ordaining  bishops,  and  minis- 
ters, and  ecclesiastical  officers  (so  called)) 
the  Common  Prayer  Book,  their  surplices, 
and  the  administration  of  their  sacraments^ 
as  their  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Sapper. 
This  turning  in  him  proceeded  from  a 
glimpse  of  the  dawning  of  the  day  wherein 
prayer  was  to  be  put  up  in  the  spirit  and 
in  understanding,  and  that  there  was 
a  spirit  of  prayer  and  supplication  in 
which  any  one  was  to  have  acceptance 
with  God  ;  nay,  that  the  very  sighs  and 
groans  were  to  go  forth  from  that  spirit, 
which  alone  can  make  intercession.  He 
also  saw  in  that  little  measure  of  light, 
according  to  the  dispensation  of  that  day, 
that  the  priests  were  not  to  preach  for 
hire,  but  were  to  be  sent  of  the  Lord,  and 
to  reach  the  conscience ;  this  made  him 
decline  those  false,  dead  ways,  and  cleave 
in  heart  to  those  people  called  PuritanSi 
amongst  whom  was  his  delight  to  be  exer- 
cised in  the  worship  of  God,  and  in  their 
chaste  conversation,  coupled  with  fear. 
For  in  that  day  those  that  feared  the  Lord 
went  under  the  nickname  of  Puritans. 
He  in  all  company  would  stand  a  witness 
very  boldly  against  the  doctrine  in  some 
points,  but  more  especially  the  worship,  of 
the  Church  of  England  ;  and  that  he  nught 
have  arguments  to  overturn  them  in  their 
own  way,  and  to  manifest  the  tmth  of 
what  he  said  to  the  tender,  he  was  a  dill- 


372 


Original  Account  of  the  Springett  Pamihf. 


[Oct- 


gent  studier  of  the  scriptures,  and  kept  a 
common-place  book  in  his  pocket,  where 
he  entered  scripture  for  proof  of  the  right 
worship,  and  to  reprove  their  dark  formal 
worship.  In  the  zeal  of  the  Lord  he  en- 
gaged in  the  Scotch  protestation  against 
all  popery  and  popish  innovations,  and  to 
answer  his  engagement,  he  received  a  com- 
mission to  be  a  colonel  of  foot  about  the 
time  of  Edge  Hill  fight,  under  the  Earl  of 
Essex ;  he  furnished  himself  at  his  own 
charge,  and  went  out  without  pay.  After- 
wards he  was  made  a  deputy-lieutenant  in 
Kent,  in  which  both  undertakings  he  ex- 
pressed a  great  zeal  against  superstition, 
encouraging  his  soldiers  and  requiring  of 
then)  to  break  down  idolatrous  pictures 
and  crosses,  and  going  into  steeple-houses 
would  take  the  surplices  and  distribute 
them  to  great-bellied  women.  When  he 
was  upon  the  service  of  searching  popish 
houses,  whatever  crucifixes,  beads,  and 
such  like  trumpery,  he  found,  if  they  were 
never  so  rich,  he  destroyed  them,  and  re- 
served not  one  of  them  for  its  comeliness 
or  costly  workmanship,  nor  saved  any- 
thing for  his  own  use. 

'*  I  find  freedom  to  mention  one  passage 
in  this  pursuit  of  destroying  popish  relics 
and  pictures.  There  was  a  parliament  man 
and  a  deputy-lieutenant  of  the  county,  a 
great  stirrer  in  the  parliament  cause,  and  his 
wife  a  zealous  Puritan ;  this  man  was  assisting 
to  him  and  his  companion  in  the  searching 
of  popish  houses  and  destroying  their  pic- 
tures and  trumpery.  Thy  grandfather 
coming  one  day  to  their  liouse  to  visit 
them,  as  he  passed  through  the  hall  he 
spied  several  superstitious  pictures,  as  of 
the  crucifixion  of  Christ,  and  of  his  resur- 
rection, and  of  such  like,  very  large,  that 
were  of  great  ornament  to  the  hall,  and 
were  removed  out  of  their  parlour  to 
manifest  a  kind  of  neglect  of  them,  but  he 
looked  upon  it  as  a  very  unequal  thing  to 
destroy  such  things  in  the  popish  houses 
and  leave  them  in  their  opposers.  He 
drew  out  his  sword  and  cut  them  all  out 
of  the  frames,  and  spitting  them  upon  his 
sword's  point,  went  into  the  parlour  with 
them,  and  the  woman  of  the  house  being 
there,  he  said  to  her,  '  What  a  shame  is  it 
that  thy  husband  should  be  so  zealous  a 
prosecutor  of  the  papists,  and  spare  such 
things  in  his  own  house;  but  (saith  he)  I 
have  acted  impartial  judgment,  and  have 
destroyed  them  here.' 

"  As  he  was  thus  zealous,  so  was  he  just 
and  merciful  in  it,  converting  none  of  their 
estates  to  his  own  use ;  nay,  refusing  to  buy 
any  of  their  goods  that  were  plundered  from 
them,  nor  ever  made  use  of  one  pound's 
worth,  I  dare  aver,  of  any  thing  that  belonged 
unto  thcra.  He  had  very  great  proffers  from 
those  in  jniwer  of  houses  and  goods  of  those 


called  delinquents,  and  became  his  diligent 
minding  the  parliament  affain  caosed  his 
family  to  be  much  in  London ;  all  which 
he  refused,  and  rather  chose  to  give  twenty 
shillings  a  week  for  lodgings,  than  to 
touch  with  any  of  those  things.  One  con- 
siderable thirfg  I  shall  instance  in,  which 
was  Leeds  Castle,  in  Kent ;  it  was  yeiy 
well  furnished,  and  seized  on  by  the  par- 
liament. This  was  made  a  garrison,  and 
he  intended  commander  of  it,  and  greatly 
pressed  to  make  use  of  the  goods,  and 
have  his  family  live  in  the  castle.  He  re- 
fused it,  as  also  another  house  in  Halling- 
bom,  very  well  furnished,  within  a  few 
miles  of  this  castle,  he  refused  also ;  giving 
them  an  answer  to  this  purpose,  that  he 
durst  not  make  use  of  any  man's  estate  or 
goods,  nor  dwell  in  any  man's  sequestered 
house,  much  less  this  that  was  his  nncle's* 
Sir  Tliomas  Culpepper's.  He  was  also  to 
merciful  in  administering  justice,  that  I 
never  heard  of  any  man  that  could  charge 
him  of  unmercifulness  to  any  of  the  per- 
sons he  was  concerned  with  in  order  to 
the  cause  he  was  engaged  in  ;  and  thus,  aa 
to  these  particular  concerns,  the  whole 
frame  of  his  mind  and  temper  and  coarse 
of  life  was  in  the  exercise  of  compassion  and 
charitableness,  in  which  there  have  been 
many  instances  given  me  by  persons  'that 
observed  him  in  the  places  where  he  was 
engaged  and  quartered,  besides  what  I  my- 
self have  seen,  having  had  converse  with 
him  from  twelve  years  to  his  death.  One  I 
shall  mention,  which  I  had  from  the  mayor 
of  Maidstone,  in  Kent.  He  brought  me 
a  bill  of  three  pounds  after  my  husband 
was  dead,  with  my  husbaod^s  hand  to  it, 
telling  me,  that  as  he  was  walking  in  the 
street  with  him  a  poor  man  was  had  to 
prison,  and  he  made  most  miserable  moan; 
whereat  thy  grandfather  stopped  the  bai- 
liffs, and  asked  them  what  they  were  hay- 
ing the  man  to  prison  for ;  they  answered 
for  debt,  at  which  he  said,  '  You  shall  not 
carry  him,  Mr.  Mayor  lay  down  the  money, 
and  I  will  see  you  discharged.*  He  was 
very  generous  in  his  assistance,  and  retnm 
of  kindness ;  also,  very  frequent  in  alms 
deeds,  especially  when  the  Irish  Protest- 
ants came  over  upon  the  massacre  there, 
also  to  the  plundered  ministers  and  maimed 
soldiers  that  were  wounded  in  the  army ; 
he  rarely  gave  less  than  twenty  shillings 
at  a  time  at  the  private  fasts,  where  thdr 
sufferings  were  presented  before  him,  and 
that  was  constantly  once  a  week,  and 
sometimes  twice.  I  shall  mention  here  a 
very  remarkable  passage  of  his  charity  to 
those  of  Ireland.  We  were  at  a  fast  in 
Milk  Street,  London,  where  one  Thomas 
Case,  a  puritan  preacher,  as  they  were 
then  called,  set  forth  in  a  doleful  manner 
the  great  distress  that  the  Irish  Protest- 


1851.]  Original  Account  of  the  Spinngett  Family. 


373 


ants  were  in,  and  the  need  they  stood  in 
of  assistance  to  get  over  to  England.     He 
related  it  so  affectingly  that  it  pierced  my 
husband  greatly,  and  as  he  was  writing 
the  sermon  after  him  he  felt  an  engage- 
ment in  his  mind  to  give  twenty  pounds. 
Afterwards  he  considered   that  tiiis  was 
determined  when  he  was  warmed  with  a 
sense  of  their  misery,  and  as  he  cooled  he 
might  be  drawn  from  the  engagement  of 
his  mind ;  whereupon  he  took  his  book 
and  wrote  a  most  solemn  engagement  be- 
fore the  Lord  to  perform  it  when  he  came 
home,  setting  his  name  to  it,  and  using 
such  like  expressions  as  these,  that  his 
handwriting  should  be  a  witness  against 
him.     When  all  was  over,  there  was  ap- 
pointed at  the  door  two  men  of  quality  to 
stand  with  basons  to  receive  the  collections 
for  the  Irish  Protestants,  and  some  others 
that  were  officers  appointed  for  the  maimed 
soldiers.     My  husband  as  he  passed  out 
put  in  five  pieces  of  gold  to  the  Irish,  and 
one  piece  into  the  other  bason ;  so  he  went 
away,  and  said  nothing  to  me  of  it.     But 
when  he  came  to  our  lodgings  he  refused 
to  sup,  but  went  up  to  writing;  after  some 
time  he  called  me,  and  bid  me  fetch  fifteen 
pounds  in  a  bag;  when  I  brought  it,  and 
he  had  taken  it  of  me,  he  spake  to  me  to 
this  purpose :  Now  I  have  made  sure  of 
the  thing,  I  will  acquaint  thee  what  it  is 
to  do ;  so  he  told  me  the  business,  and  read 
me  the  engagement  in  his  book,  and  the 
letter  that  he  had  written  to  this  Thomas 
Case,  giving  him  an  account  how  it  was  with 
him,  not  setting  his  name  to  it,  declaring 
that  he  had  given  it  to  the  Lord,  and  de- 
sired to  be  unknown  and  untaken  notice 
of.     His  footboy  was  sent  away  with  this 
money  and  letter  sealed  up,  with  these 
words,  that  he  should  not  observe  what 
livery  be  wore  by  turning  his  coat  the 
wrong  side  outward  when  he  came  near 
the   place,   and   he   only   to   deliver  the 
money  and  letter  into  his  hands,  and  stay 
to  be  asked  no  questions. 

"  Next  day  those  that  received  the  col- 
lections came  to  Thomas  Case's  house, 
speaking  how  very  bountiful  one  young 
gentleman  had  been  in  putting  in  five 
pieces,  at  which  Thomas  Case  replied,  Last 
night  late  I  received  fifteen  pounds  firom 
the  same  person ;  he  determining  to  give 
twenty  pounds,  and  having  no  more  about 
him  at  that  time  gave  but  five.  The  next 
first  day,  or  in  a  few  weeks  after,  this 
Thomas  Case  provoked  the  people  to  en- 
large their  bounty  by  this  gallant  young 
man's  example,  and  there  related  the 
whole  business,  but  chiefly  took  notice  of 
his  endeavour  not  to  be  known  in  the 
thing. 

**  He  was  of  a  most  courteous,  affable 
carriage  towards    all;  most    ingeniously 


inclined  from  a  very  lad,  carving  and 
forming   things    with   his  knife  for    his 
tools  ;    so  industriously  active  that   he 
rarely  ever  was  idle,  but  when  he  could 
not  be  employed  abroad  in  shooting  at 
a  mark  with  guns,   pistols,   cross-bows, 
or  long-bows,  managing  his  horses  (which 
he    brought   up   and    managed   himself, 
teaching  them  boldness  in  charging),  in 
such  things  as  were  needful  for  service ; 
when  h£  could  not  be,  as  I  said,  thus  en- 
gaged abroad,  then  he  would  fence  within 
doors,  make   cross-bow   strings,   placing 
the  sight  with  that  accurateness  as  if  it 
had  been  his  trade,  or  casting  of  bullets 
of  all  sorts,  feathering  his  arrows   that 
were  for  his  carbines,  or  pulling  his  watch 
to  pieces  ;   training  up  his  servants,  and 
himself  using  the  postures   of  war   ac- 
cording to  books  he  had  for  that  purpose. 
He  was  also  an  artist  in   shooting  and 
fishing,  and  making  of  lines  and  ordering 
of  baits  and  things  for  that  purpose.     He 
was  a  great  lover  of  coursing,  but  he 
managed  his  dogs  himself;  which  things  I 
mention  to  shew  thee  his  ingenuity,  but 
the  vanity  of  those  things  his  mind  was 
out  of  when  he  was  engaged  in  religion. 
He  was  most  affectionately  tender  to  m« 
and  his  childf  beyond  what  I  have  known 
or  observed  in   any,   the  circumstances 
considered  of  his  youth,  gallantry,  and 
active  mind,  which  created  him  a  great 
deal  of  business  that  might  have  occa- 
sioned a  stop  in  his  tender  regard  to  us ; 
but  on  the  contrary  I  do  not  remember 
that  ever  he  let  an  opportunity  slip  of  ac- 
quainting me   with   his   condition   when 
absent,  either  by  writing  or  message.    He 
hath   often  wrote  letters    at  the  places 
where  he  baited,  on  purpose  to  send  me, 
by  travellers  that  he  might  meet  on  the 
road.     And  when  he  was  engaged  at  the 
fight  at  Newbury,  after  the    battle  was 
over,  he  gave  the  messenger  (that  was 
sent  to  the  Parliament  to  acquaint  them 
with  the  issue  of  the  battle)  one  piece, 
only  to  knock  at  the  door  of  my  lodgings 
in  Black  friars,  and  to  leave  word  that  he 
saw  him  well  after  the  battle,  there  being 
time  for  no  more  ;  which  message  of  his 
in  all  probability  saved  my  life,  I  being 
with  child  of  thy  mother,  and  was  sick  of 
the  measles,  which  could  not  come  out 
because  of  the  exercise  of  my  mind,  by 
reason  of  my  having  heard  of  the  battle. 
This  message  was  left  between  three  and 
four  in  the  morning,  at  the  hearing  of 
which  my  oppression  was  taken  off  my 
spirits  and  stomach  like  the  removal  of  a 
great  stone,  and  the  measles  came  imme- 
diately forth.     I   must  add   to   all  this, 
gentleness,  sweetness,  compassion,  affa- 
bleness,  and  courtesy,  a  courage  without 
harshness  or  cruelty,  but  undaunted  ii| 


374 


Original  Letters  of  King  James  the  Second. 


[Oct 


what  he  went  about,  which  was  rare  to  be 
found.  With  the  above  mentioned  excel- 
lences he  was  of  a  generous  mind,  which 
made  him  very  liberal  and  bountiful  in 
returns  of  kindness ;  he  was  also  very  hos- 
pitable; his  generous  mind  delighted  in 
entertaining  of  those  that  were  engaged  in 
the  cause  with  him,  not  in  excess,  but  in 
great  freedom  and  heartiness.    This  was 


always  seasoned  with  savoury  and  edifying 
discourse,  in  which  he  woold  encourage 
others  and  rejoice  in  thehr  enoonragementa, 
that  the  Lord  went  oat  with  their  hosts 
and  returned  with  them,  to  make  mention 
of  his  gracious  dealings  with  them. 
"  Thy  grandmother, 

"  Mart  PsKNiNOTOif." 


ORIGINAL  LETTERS  OF  KING  JAMES  THE  SECOND,  RELATING  TO 

THE  SIEGE  OF  DERRY,  A.D.  1689. 


ON  the  12th  March,  1G89,  King 
James  the  Second,  after  having  de- 
serted his  kingdom  of  England,  landed 
at  Kinsale  to  maintain  that  sovereignty 
of  Ireland  which  he  had  three  years 
previously  committed  to  the  care  of 
the  Earl  of  Tyrconnel.  On  the  14th 
that  nobleman  waited  upon  his  sove- 
reign at  Cork,  and,  having  rendered  an 
account  of  his  government,  and  of  his 
having  despatched  Lieutenant- General 
Hamilton  from  Dublin  with  about 
2,500  men  to  make  head  against  the 
rebels  in  Ulster,  he  received  from  his 
royal  master  the  dignity  of  Duke. 
After  a  triumphant  entry  into  Dublin, 
and  many  llattering  demonstrations 
of  popular  favour,  James  proceeded 
to  Derry,  as  "  the  great  seat  of  what 
in  his  court  was  called  rebellion." 
On  the  24tli  of  April  he  returned  to 
Dublin,  and  issued  summonses  for  his 
memorable  Parliament,  appointing  it 
to  meet  on  the  7th  of  Alay  ensumg, 
previous  to  which  day  he  himself  wrote 
to  General  Hamilton,  whom  he  had 
left  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Derry,  in 
the  following  terms : — 

*'  DubUn,  May  1,  1689. 
"  I  am  Borry  to  find  by  yours  of  the 
27th  that  Persingnan  is  so  ill  hurt.  Let 
him  know  how  much  I  am  troubled  at  it. 
You  do  very  well  to  prepare  yourself 
against  sallies  from  a  town  where  there  is 
[sic]  so  many  men,  and  pray  let  the  general 
officers  who  remain  not  expose  themselves 
so  much.  I  have  sent  you  a  power  to 
pardon  such  as  will  accept  of  it.  Lord 
Melford  shall  give  you  an  account  of  the 
troops  I  am  sending  down  to  you,  as  also 
of  what  cannon  and  mortars  are  preparing, 
with  all  possible  diligence.  You  shtdl 
have  all  I  can  send  you  to  enable  you  to 
reduce  that  rebellious  town ;  and,  to  make 
the  more  noise,  the  Duke  of  Tyrconnel  is 
preparing  to  go  down  to  you,  it  being,  «8 


you  will  observe,  of  the  last  confeqnenoe 
to  ndaster  it.  I  expect  to  have  an  account 
every  moment  of  the  arrival  of  the  French 
fleet,  for  verily,  though  the  wind  hat  been 
for  so  many  days  fair  for  them,  letten 
from  Kinsale  say  they  were  left  but  fifteen 
leagues  from  that  port.  You  will  belbre 
this  gets  to  you  have  been  informed  el 
Bohan's  having  certainly  beaten  the  rebeli 
which  were  got  together  in  the  county  ai 
Down,  at  least  five  thousand  in  nnmber, 
and  killed  several  hundreds  of  them  In 
the  place.  I  hope  the  advice  you  had 
from  Mrs.  Lundy  will  prove  but  &  story, 
if  what  a  sergeant  which  came  from  Liver- 
pool will  tell  you  be  true,  which  yon  will 
know  by  this.  J.  R, 

"  I  am  sending  Dorrington  down  to 
you." 

This  letter  is  directed  "  For  Liea- 
tenant  Gen.  Hamilton,**  and  is  sealed  in 
red  wax,  with  an  impression  of  what 
would  appear  to  have  been  the  king's 
brother's  or  his  father's  seal,  C.  B.  on 
a  shield  surmounted  by  a  crown,  with 
angels  in  the  corners.  This  seal  wai 
used  in  sealing  the  three  other  royal 
letters  hereafler  copied. 

The  Parliament  having  met  as  sum- 
moned, the  opening  speech  was  de- 
livered by  James,  and  on  the  10th  of 
May  a  bill  of  recognition  of  his  title,  and 
abhorrence  of  the  Prince  of  Orange's 
usurpation  and  the  defection  of  the 
English,  was  read  the  third  time  in  the 
presence  of  King  James,  and  sent  down 
to  the  Commons,  where  it  was  passed 
on  the  following  day.  On  the  night 
that  intervened  the  King  again  stimu- 
lated  Hamilton. 

*<  Dublin,  May  10,  1689. 
*'  I  am  sorry  for  the  loss  of  Ramsay; 
such  accidents  will  happen,  and  one  must 
not  be  discouraged.  1  am  sensible  you 
have  a  hard  work  on  your  hands,  but  at 
last  will,  I  hope,  be  able  to  overcome  it. 
I  am  sending  down  one  greet  moitv  and 


1851.]  Original  Letters  of  King  James  the  Second. 


875 


two  pieces  of  battery  by  land,  and  the 
same  niimber  of  both  by  sea.  It  was 
actually  impossible  to  despatch  them  sooner. 
Ten  companies  will  be  with  you  soon,  all 
well  armed  and  clothed,  and  ten  companies 
of  the  same  regiment  are  to  march  down  ; 
whatever  I  send  shall  be  well  armed.  I 
send  you  down  with  this  a  paper  con- 
cerning Derry;  you  will  see  whether  it  be 
practicable  or  no,  of  which  none  can  judge 
but  you  that  are  in  the  place.  I  am 
sending  down  O'Neal's  dragoons  into  the 
counties  of  Down  and  Antrim,  which  will 
be  the  more  necessary  since  you  have 
ordered  Major-General  Bohan  to  you.  I 
think  it  absolutely  necessary  you  should 
not  let  any  more  men  come  out  of  Derry, 
but  for  intelligence  or  some  extraordinary 
occasion,  for  they  may  want  provisionSf 
and  would  be  glad  to  rid  themselves  of 
useless  mouths.  Jambs  R.** 

Sealed  and  addressed  as  before. 

On  the  13th  of  Maj  there  was  read 
for  the  first  time  a  Bill  for  altering  those 
acts  of  settlement  and  explimation 
which  crashed  the  hopes  of  thejeallant 
and  loyal  adherents  of  King  Charles 
the  First  and  their  descendants,  and 
sanctioned  that  great  confiscation  of 
ancient  rights  wnich  Cromwell's  ad- 
venturers Had  demanded,  and  a  revo- 
lutionary government  had  sanctioned. 
On  the  14th  of  May  bills  were  brought 
in  prohibiting  the  bringing  of  writs 
of  error  or  appeals  to  England,  and 
enacting  that  no  English  act  should 
bind  Ireland.  On  the  16th  another 
bill  was  brought  into  the  Commons, 
the  object  of  which  was  to  take  away 
the  King's  supremacy  in  ecclesiastical 
affairs,  and  to  abrogate  all  penal  laws 
against  papists. 

On  the  20th  of  May  Eong  James 
again  instructed  Hamilton — 

«  Dublm,  May  20,  1689. 
**  You  will  before  this  have  had  an  ac- 
count from  Lord  Melford  of  what  men, 
arms,  and  stores  have  been  sent  you,  and 
are  designed  for  you.  I  now  send  back 
to  you  the  bearer.  Lord  Dungan,  to  let 
you  know  what  this  day  I  have  been  in- 
formed by  one  who  came  from  Chester  on 
Monday  last,  that  Kirke  was  to  sail  with 
the  first  Mr  wind  from  thence  with  four 
regiments  of  foot,  to  endeavour  to  relieve 
Derry.  I  have  ordered  a  copy  of  the  in- 
formation to  be  sent  you.  I  know  you 
will  do  your  part  to  hinder,  if  you  can, 
their  getting  into  that  town ;  for  should 
once  more  those  English  succours  be 
obliged  to  return  again,  that  rebellious 


town  could  not  hold  on  long  with  the 
force  1  send  you;  but,  if  you  cannot 
hinder  their  getting  into  the  town,  you 
must  then  take  care  to  secure  your  retreat 
as  well  as  you  can  on  your  sideTand  so 
take  care  also  of  the  cannon,  mortars,  and 
men  which  are  on  the  east  side  of  the  river 
of  Derry,  for  no  doubt  they  will  pass  you 
when  you  draw  off,  in  case  you  should  be 
obliged  to  do  it.  What  I  propose  is,  that 
you  should  endeavour  to  keep  Castle-Fin, 
Cladyford  bridge,  and  Strabane,  to  hinder 
them  from  coming  near  these  waters. 
This,  I  think,  may  be  easily  done,  con- 
sidering, though  they  may  be  strong  in 
foot,  they  can  have  but  few  and  bad  horse, 
and  then  I  design  to  go  about  to  reduce 
Enniskillen.  In  the  meantime  I  am  think- 
ing of  sending  some  more  troops  towards 
Charlemont,  which  will  be  ready  to  look 
toward  you,  or  Carrickfergus,  as  occa- 
sion shall  offer.  Let  Castlederry  be  well 
provided.  I  have  sent  some  horse  and 
dragoons  to  reinforce  Sarsfield  at  Sligo, 
and  have  ordered  Purcell's  dragoons  to  ' 
Belturbet  What  else  I  have  to  say  I  re- 
fer to  this  bearer,  Lord  Dungan. 

"  Jambs  R." 

Directed  as  before. 

The  King  was  at  this  time  kept  in 
uneasy  suspense  by  the  delayed  return 
from  the  Mouse  ef  Commons  of  the 
Bill  for  altering  the  act  of  settlement, 
which  although  frequently  demanded 
was  not  brought  up  until  the  22nd, 
after  which,  proceeding  on  petitions 
for  saving  clauses  in  the  new  adjudi- 
cation occupied  some  subsequent  days. 
On  the  28th  of  May  a  motion  was 
made  for  adjourning  the  House  till 
Thursday  30th,  because  Wednesday 
29th  was  a  holiday ;  "  the  King  asked 
what  holjrday, — answered,  The  restora- 
tion of  his  brother  and  himsdf.  He 
replied,  the  fitter  to  restore  those  Ca- 
tholic gentlemen  that  had  sufiered  with 
him  and  been  kept  unjustly  out  of  ti^eir 
estates.  Motion  rejected."  All  this 
while  a  vigorous  system  of  attainder 
and  confiscation  was  directed  against 
the  favourers  of  the  invasion  of  the 
Prince  of  Orange. 

Though  all  tf  e  acts  of  this  Parlia- 
ment were  by  an  English  statute  of 
the  following  year  declared  null  and 
inoperative,  yet  the  introduction  of  a 
bill  to  make  void  "  all  attainders  and 
all  other  &cts  made  in  the  late  pretended 
Parliament*'  was  negatived  by  the 
Irish  legislature  of  October,  1692;  nor 
was  it  until  1695  that  the  rolls,  records, 


376 


Original  Letters  of  King  Jamee  the  Second.  [Oct. 


and  papers  of  this  body  were  cancelled 
and  puolicly  burnt. 

In  the  commencement  of  the  fol- 
lowing month  King  James  despatched 
a  fourth  letter  to  his  Derry  general. 

"  Dublin,  June  8,  1689. 
"  I  do  not  find,  by  what  I  hear  from 
you  and  others,  that  tbose  in  Derry  are  so 
pressed  for  want  of  victuals  as  once  was 
believed,  so  that  if  they  woald  be  pressed 
otherwise  it  would  do  well.  I  am  sensible 
you  are  but  ill-furnished  with  wherewithal 
to  carry  on  your  trenches,  and  to  attack 
them  vigorously ;  but,  however,  I  am  sure 
you  will  do  whatever  is  to  be  done.  I  am 
afraid  your  French  engineers,  thoagh  very 
able  men  in  their  trade,  may  have  been  so 
used  to  have  all  things  necessary  provided, 
and  to  want  nothing,  that  they  are  not  so 
industrious  as  other  less  knowing  men 
might  be,  and  that  they  do  not  push  on 
their  work  as  they  might  do,  having  so 
much  to  say  for  themselves  upon  the 
account  of  their  being  so  ill  provided ; 
however,  methinks  they  might  have  got 
machines  ready  in  all  this  tiitae  to  have 
lodged  the  miners,  which  I  have  seen 
done  to  a  stronger  town  than  Derry,  and 
where  we  wanted  cannon  to  mar  their  de- 
fences. I  only  hint  this  to  you,  not  pre- 
tending at  this  distance  to  judge  whether 
it  be  practicable  or  no  ;  and  for  the  making 
of  madriers  I  am  sure  'tis  but  the  pulling 
down  some  house  near  Derry,  or  at  Lifford 
or  Strabane,  where  one  may  find  beams 
strong  enough,  and,  if  tin  be  not  got,  raw 
hides  will  do  as  well,  to  provide  them 
from  fire.  This  is  only  for  yourself.  You 
will  have  another  letter  from  me  about 
what  had  been  reported  here  of  some  pro- 
posals made  to  you  by  those  of  Derry,  to 
which  I  refer  you.  J.  R.*' 

All  the  foregoing  original  letters 
were,  with  a  fifth  from  the  Duke  of 
Berwick,  King  James's  natural  son, 
transmitted  (as  is  certified  in  the  vo- 
lume in  which  they  are  bound)  by 
Richard  Corban  Carr  to  the  Provost 
of  Trinity  College,  with  a  letter,  dated 
April  7,  1787,  in  which  he  says  "  they 
came  into  my  hands  some  years  ago, 
among  the  papers  of  a  gentleman  to 
whom  I  was  executor,  and  whose  father 
was  connected  with  thai  King's  friends, 
and,  as  far  as  I  understood,  had  some  em- 
ployment under  him."  The  fifth  letter, 
to  which  I  have  above  alluded,  runs 
as  follows: 

«  Trellick,  the  5th  July. 
**  I  received  just  now  the  honour  of 


yours,  and  I  will  write  about  changing 
Captain  Manus  O'DonnelL  There  is  an 
escort  sent  to  meet  the  ammunition  coming 
from  Charlemont,  which  is  likewise  guarded 
by  a  regiment  of  foot.  I  marched  yester- 
day morning  from  Newtown  Steuart,  and 
joining  Colonel  Sunderland  at  Omey,  I 
marched  hither.  My  advanced  guard  cut 
ofi*  several  of  their  sentries,  and  pushed  a 
great  many  of  the  rebels'  party  with  such 
vigour  as  they  beat  with  thirty  dragoons 
three  troops  of  horse  of  theirs  which  were 
drawn  up  at  a  distance  from  us.  Captain 
Patrick  Belne  and  Major  Magdonell  com- 
manded the  vanguard;  there  was  eight  or 
nine  of  the  enemy  killed,  but  none  mown, 
I  went  with  my  horse  and  dragoons  within 
four  miles  of  Inniskilling,  and  drove  a 
great  deal  of  cattle  back  to  TreUick,  where 
I  am  now,  and  which  is  nine  mile  from 
Enniskilling.  I  am  sure  no  considerable 
party  dare  stir  out  from  that  town  for 
fear  of  my  being  upon  their  backs,  so  that 
all  backwards  is  secure.  The  party  of  two 
hundred  foot  and  fifty  horse  and  dragoons 
that  were  left  at  Belturbet  under  the  com- 
mand of  L.  Col^  Scott,  are  taken  pri- 
soners, officers  and  all.  I  can  ashure  yon 
that  all  the  inhabitants  of  this  country  are 
universally  rebels.  My  humble  service  to 
Mareschall  Rozen,  and  believe  me  your 
most  humble  and  obedient  servant, 

**  BiRWICK. 

"  I  forgot  to  tell  you  that  our  vanguard 
pursued  so  close  three  companies  of  foot, 
that  they  took  one  of  their  colours  and 
two  drums  within  four  miles  of  Innis- 
killing, before  I  was  come  up.  This  has 
introduced  CoP.  Purcell's  dragoons  very 
well." 

This  despatch  was  directed  "  For 
Lieutenant-General  Hamilton,  at  the 
camp  before  Derry,"  and  was  sealed 
with  a  stamp  inscribed  with  the  writer's 
initials,  and  surmounted  by  a  ducal 
crown. 

The  above  letters  arc  still  pre- 
served in  the  rich  manuscript  repo* 
sitory  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin  (class 
E,  shelf  2,  No.  19);  and  it  is  my 
pleasing  duty  to  add,  that  every  facility 
IS  afTo^ed  by  the  ProYOst  and  Board 
of  that  noble  establishment  for  inspect- 
ing, noting,  and  even  copying,^  under 
reasonable  control,  any  articles  in  their 
extensive  collection.  The  Irish  Ar- 
chaeological Society  has  already  pub- 
lished several. 

Yours,  &c.    JoHH  D'Altom. 

48,  Summer  HiU,  DMin, 


377 


BELTON  CHURCH,  LINCOLNSHIRE. 

(With  a  Plate.) 

THERE  are  two  Beltons  in  Lincoln-  has  been  supposed  to  be  an  allusion  to 
shire,  one  near  Grantham  and  the  other  the  name  of  the  place.  It  more  pro- 
near  Epworth.  Tfaeformer  is  the  village  bably  represents  (as  Mr.  Simpson  re- 
whose  church  is  here  represent^  marks),  m  conjunction  with  the  sub- 
which  stands  contiffuous  to  the  man-  jects  which  follow,  the  induction  of  a 
sion  of  Earl  Browmow.  priest  into  his  benefice ;  for  the  next 

Belton  Church  is  dedicated  to  St.  ngure  appears  to  be  vested  in  a  cope, 
Peter  and  St.  Paul.  It  consists  of  a  and  reading  from  a  service  book ;  and 
nave,  chancel,  north  aisle,  and  sepul-  the  third  is  apparently  a  bishop,  one  of 
chral  chapel,  with  a  tower  at  the  weft  whose  officers  is  perhaps  shown  in 
end.  Part  ofthe  interior  is  of  Norman  the  following  compartment  After  this, 
architecture.  The  nave  is  sepEumted  it  is  difficult  to  follow  the  imagitiation 
from  the  aisle  by  two  wide  circular  ofthe  sculptor.  The  rampant  aiiimal 
arches,  resting  upon  a  circular  co-  is  of  a  doubtful  genus.  But  tlie  two 
lumn  of  considerable  diameter,  mudi  last  panels  (as  represented  in  die  Plate) 
ornamented  about  the  shaft  with  Nor-  form  evidently  one  subject.  A  heads- 
man work.  man  and  a  hangman  are  both  handling 

The  architecture  of  the  walls  ofthe  an  unhappy  culprit,  whilst  a  bird  ra 

nave  and  the  aisle,  within  and  without,  prey  is  already  contemplating  its  feast 

is  of  late  Grothic ;  in  which  style  the  upon  his  corpse, 

repairs  were  made  and  the  sepulchral  Within  the  church  there  is  a  series 

chapel  was  built  by  Earl  Brownlow  in  of  handsome  monuments  from  the  time 

1816,  when  the  interior  of  the  chuiQph  of  James  I.  of  the  fiunilies  of  Brown- 

was  arranged  and  fitted  up  as  it  now  IS.  low  and  Cust;  among  them  one  by 


The  font  is  Norman,  octangular  in 
form,  and  a  view  of  it  will  be  found  in 
Mr.  F.  Simpson's  volume  of  Fonts,  4to. 
1825.  On  its  eight  rides  are  the  com- 
partments of  grotesque  carving  re- 
f  resented  in  the  upper  portion  of  the 
late. 
In  one  of  these  compartments  is 


Cheere,  two  by  Westmaoott,  and  a 
fine  statue  of  Beli^on  by  Canova.  The 
inscriptions  anterior  to  1806  will  be 
found  in  Turner's  History  of  Grant- 
ham, published  in  that  year,  which 
also  contains  a  plan  of  the  church  pre- 
vious to  its  enlargement. 
On  the  south  ride  of  the  church 


seen  a  man  ringing  two  bells,  which    there  is  a  pretty  porch  of  late  Gothic^ 


WHO  WAS  SIR  MILES  HOBART  ? 
An  Historical  IxauiRY  in  thrbb  Chaptkrs. 

Chaptbr  III. 
Tke  QuuiUm  antwered. 


IN  answering  this  question  (see 
Mag.  for  September,  p.  227),  we  will 
proceed  graaatim^  as  tne  easiest  mode 
not  only  of  arriving  at  the  truth,  but 
also  at  the  same  time  of  clearing  away 
some  of  the  many  errors  by  which  the 
sulnect  is  surrounded.  And  first,  we 
will  take  it  for  granted  that  in  the 
parliament  of  1627-8  the  patriot  Sir 
Miles  was  one  of  the  members  for 
Great  Marlow,  in  the  county  of  Bucks. 
This  is  so  entirdv  unquestionable  that 

Gsnr.  Mao.  Vol.  aXXVL 


proof  is  unnecessary,  but  reference 
may  be  made  to  Langley*s  History  of 
the  Hundred  of  Desborouffh,  p.  119, 
and  to  Willises  Notitia  Farhamentaria. 

ScMSondly,  a  Sir  Miles  Hobart  died  on 
the  29th  cby  of  June,  in  the  8th  year 
of  Charles  L  t.  e.  in  1632.  This  is 
proved  by  an  inquisition  post  mortem 
(8  Car.  I.  2nd  part,  No.  56)  taken  at 
the  Guildh^  in  the  city  of  London, 
on  the  25th  July  in  that  same  year. 

Thirdly,  we  may  safely  infer  from  the 
3C 


378 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hohart  f 


[Oct. 


agreement  of  dates  that  the  Sir  Miles 
\iaio  died  on  the  29th  June,  1G32,  was 
the  same  who  was  buried  at  Great 
Marlow  on  the  4th  July,  1 632.  This 
burial  is  proved  by  the  following  en- 
try in  the  parish  register  of  Great 
Marlow : 

'*  S**  Myles  Hobart,  knight,  was  buried 
the  4th  daye  of  Julii,  1632/' 

The  next  point  to  be  shewn  is  that 
this  Sir  Miles  died  without  leaving 
children  or  heir.  This  is  proved  by 
the  inquisition  post  mortem  before 
referred  to.  It  was  found  by  the 
jurors  on  that  occasion  that  Sir  Miles, 
**  on  the  day  of  his  death,  was  seized 
in  his  demesne  as  of  fee  of  seven 
messuages  and  two  gardens  with  the 
appurtenances,  in  the  parish  of  St. 
Laurence  in  the  Old  Jewry,  in  the 
ward  of  Cripplegate,  in  the  city  of 
London,  and  tnat  he  held  the  same  of 
the  King  in  free  burgage  of  the  city 
of  London,"  but  that,  ^^liaving  died 
withoid  any  hcir^  the  same  tenements 
ought  to  revert  to  the  King  as  his 
escheats'^  It  was  further  found  that 
these  tenements  were  worth  110/.  per 
annum  over  and  above  all  outgoings. 
(Inq.  post  mortem,  8  Car.  I.  2nd  part. 
No.  56.) 

And  now  comes  the  pinch  of  the 
inquiry.  If  this  Sir  Miles  Hobart 
died  without  an  heir,  is  it  not  to  be 
inferred  that  he  could  not  be  the  Sir 
Miles  to  whose  children  the  parliament 
voted  5,000/.  in  1646  ?  Such  conclu- 
sion would  of  course  be  inevitable  if 
the  facts  were  correctly  stated.  But 
the  truth  is  that  the  parliament  never 
voted  any  such  sum,  or  to  any  such 
children.  The  assertion  is  altogether 
a  mistake.  The  long  parliament  ap- 
pointed a  committee  to  inquire  into 
the  sufferings  of  the  patriot  members 
of  the  parliament  of  1627-8,  and  upon 
the  report  of  that  committee  voted 
various  sums  to  several  of  those  mem- 
bers who  were  living,  and  to  the  repre- 
sentatives of  some  of  them  who  were 
deceased,  as  compensation  for  their 
sufferings  in  the  public  cause.  But 
the  vote  in  reference  to  Sir  Miles 
Hobart  was  not  a  vote  of  5,000/.,  nor 
was  it  a  vote  to  his  children ;  it  was 
simply  a  vote  of  500/.  to  erect  a  mo- 
nument to  his  memory.  The  vote  as 
it  stands  on  the  Journals  of  the  House 
of  Commons,  under  the  date  of  18  th 


of  January,  1646-7,  and  as  it  may  be 
read  at  vol.  v.  p.  56  of  the  printed 
Journals,  is  as  follows : 

**  Resolved,  that  the  sum  of  500/.  shall 
be  bestowed  and  disposed  of  for  the  erecting 
a  monument  to  Sir  Miles  Hobert,  a  member 
of  the  Parliament  tertio  Caroli,  in  memory 
of  bis  sufferings  for  his  service  to  the  com- 
monwealth in  that  Parliament  of  tertio 
Caroli." 

This  explanation  of  course  j^ts  rid 
of  the  claun  made  by  the  writers  of 
peerages  and  histories  of  Sir  Milet 
Mobart  as  an  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of 
Buckinghamshire ;  but  it  may  still  be 
thought  to  remain  a  little  doubtful 
whether  the  Sir  Miles  of  the  Inquisi- 
tion  and  the  Sir  Miles  the  Member  of 
Parliament  for  Great  Marlow,  are  sof* 
iiciently  shown  to  be  one  and  the 
same  person.  This  link  in  the  chain 
of  proof  is  supplied  in  the  following 
way. 

We  find  that  a  monument  to  Sir 
JMiles,  which  one  can  scarcely  doubt  to 
be  the  monument  voted  to  be  erected 
by  the  House  of  Commons,  was  set 
up^ — where?  At  Great  Marlow;  in 
the  chancel  of  the  church  there.  And, 
although  deposed  from  its  place  of 
dignity  and  otherwise  ill-used  on  ft 
recent  restoration  of  the  church,  it 
still  remains  within  the  consecrated 
edifice,  dividing  the  honours  of  the 
gallery  stair-case  with  a  portrait  of 
Richardson  the  showman*s  spotted  boy. 
This  seems  pretty  nearly  conclusive. 
Sir  Miles  was  Member  for  Great  Mar- 
low, a  Sir  !Miles  was  buried  at  Great 
]\Iarlow,  and  a  monument  was  erected 
at  Great  Marlow  to  that  Sir  Miles  as 
the  member ;  one  can  scarcely  doubt 
that  the  person  buried  was  the  member, 
and  consequently  that  he  died  on  the 
29th  June,  1632,  and  without  leaving 
children  or  heir. 

But  the  monument  tells  us  some- 
thing more  about  him.  It  consists  of 
a  bust  of  Sir  Miles  represented  as  a 
long-visaged  young  man,  with  pleasing 
features  and  adorned  with  a  ruflf^  witn 
smart  moustaches,  a  peaked  beard  and 
long  flowing  hair.  On  each  side  of 
the  bust  stands  a  diminutive  figure, 
that  on  the  one  side  male  and  that  on 
the  other  female,  each  withdrawing  a 
curtain  as  if  on  purpose  to  display  the 
bust.  Under  the  bust  there  rormerly 
stood  this  inscription-^ 


1851.] 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hohart  9 


879 


Metam  properamus  ad  unam. 
Wryte  not  a  daye  this  spectacle  thee  charmes, 
Death  from  thy  birth  doth  claspe  thee  in  her 

armes. 
Yovthfvll  as  he  thov  mayst  be,  yet  he*s  gonne, 
And  thov  most  followe,  no  man  knowes  how 

soone. 
Learne  this  of  hym,  prepar'd  be  thov  to  dye, 
Then  shalt  thov  lyve,  though  through  mortality. 
Mors  mihi  vita. 

Such  was  the  old  inscription,*  which 
confirms  the  evidence  of  the  bust  that 
Sir  Miles  died  a  young  rajin.  Below 
this  inscription,  on  a  slab  sculptured 
in  relief,  is  a  representation  of  a  carriage 
and  four  horses  with  one  wheel  brokeft, 
the  coachman's  seat  vacant,  and  the 
horses  dashing  furiously  down  a  steep 
road  intersected  by  deep  and  dangerous 
ruts.  This  is  a  representation  of  the 
way  in  which  Sir  Miles  came  by  his 
death.  His  coach  was  overturned  and 
he  himself  killed  on  the  spot.  Lysons, 
as  has  been  already  pointed  out  by 
G.  A.  C.  (p.  233),  states  that  the  acci- 
dent occurred  on  Holborn  Hill,  but  the 
Letters  of  Administration  referred  to 
in  the  note  to  the  same  page,  233,  at 
the  same  time  that  they  almost  settle 
the  question  of  identity  by  describing 
Sir  Miles  as  late  of  Great  Marlow, 
with  greater  probability  make  Hi^h- 
gate  to  have  been  the  place  of  his 
death.  Highgate  Hill  was  more  likely 
than  Holborn  Hill  to  have  been  the 
scene  of  the  fatal  accident.  That  Sir 
Miles's  death  was  altogether  sudden 
appears  from  a  statement  by  Lang- 
ley,  probably  derived  from  an  in- 
scription formerly  in  Great  Marlow 
church.  "  Sir  I^Lles  Hobart  having  in 
his  lifetime  declared  his  good  inten- 
tions to  the  poor  of  the  parish,  by  his 
sudden  and  untimely  death  was  pre- 
vented from  putting  them  into  execu- 
tion ;  150/.  was  decreed  to  be  paid  out 
of  his  personal  estate  for  their  use 
and  benefit."  (Hist,  of  Desborough 
Hundred,  p.  113.)t 

After  what  has  oeen  stated  we  may 


now  judge  of  the  accuracy  of  the  fol- 
lowing statement  in  Noble's  Memoirs 
of  Cromwell,  vol.  ii.  p.  128,  which  has 
been  echoed  over  and  over  affain  in 
many  quarters,  and  is  part  of  what  we 
consider  to  be  our  history.  After 
stating  that  Sir  Miles  was  imprisoned 
and  did  not  regain  his  liberty  until 
1631,  Noble  proceeds  thus: — 

'^  And  his  death,  which  followed  not 
long  after,  was  occasioned  by  the  blows 
his  keeper,  Rich.  Plumley,  esq.  gave  him, 
and  for  which,  it  is  said,  Plamley  was 
made  admiral  of  the  Irish  seas.  Hit 
memory  (Sir  Miles*  s)  was  so  grateful  to 
the  patriots  that  in  1646  a  vote  passed 
the  House  of  Commons  to  pay  his  children 
5,000/.  as  some  recompense  for  the  suf- 
ferings he  had  endured  by  this  severity* 
Sir  Miles,  by  Susan,  the  daughter  of  Sir 
John  Peyton,  Bart  had  Sir  John  Hobart, 
the  third  baronet,  of  whom  hereafter;  and 
Alice,  married  to  Sir  John  Jermy,  of  Bay- 
field, in  Norfolk." 

The  origin  of  the  misstatement  as  to 
the  vote  of  5,000/.  to  the  children  ex- 
emplifies how  historical  error  creeps 
into  the  works  even  of  our  best  writers. 
Once  in  it  is  sure  to  grow.  We  have 
shewn  what  was  the  real  vote  of  the 
House  of  Commons.  That  vote  may 
now  be  consulted  in  the  printed  book 
of  Journals,  although  even  there  to  be 
found  with  difficulty,  for  it  is  not 
mentioned  in  the  index.  But  it  was 
more  difficult  to  be  referred  to  when 
Collins  compiled  his  Peerage,  for  the 
Journals  were  not  then  printed,  and 
the  originals  were  difficult  of  access. 
Whitelocke's  Memorials,  which  con- 
tains brief  notes  of  many  of  the  prin- 
cipal votes  of  the  House  during  that 
period,  was  then  the  substitute  for  the 
Journals  themselves,  and  Collins  re-^ 
ferred  accordingly  to  that  autho- 
rity. Now  Whitelocke  mentions  the 
vote  thus  under  date  of  18  Jan.  1646. 

"  Votes  that  Mr.  Hollis,  Mr.  Selden, 
Sir  John  Elliot's  childqvi,  Mr.  Strode's 
kindred,  Mr.  Valentine,  Sir  Peter  Ham- 


*  As  the  monument  now  stands  in  the  entrance  to  the  new  church  at  Great  Marlow 
the  first  line,  "  Metam,"  &c.  has  disappeared,  and  between  the  last  English  line  and 
"  Mors  mihi  vita  "  has  been  inserted  '*  Sir  Myles  Hobart,  Kt.  obiit  Julii  4,  1632," 
the  4th  of  July  being  the  day  entered  in  the  Great  Marlow  register  as  that  of  his 
interment.  The  monument  is  all  of  marble  save  the  bust,  which  looks  like  a  modem 
freestone  copy  of  an  old  marble  bust. 

t  In  the  present  church,  on  the  front  of  the  gallery,  is  painted  the  following  modem 
inscription,  substituted,  we  suppose,  for  this  old  inscription,  **  Sir  Miles  Hobart,  of 
Harleyford,  gave  the  sum  of  150/.  to  the  poor  of  the  parish.''  Harleyford  is,  we 
believe,  a  residence  near  Great  Marlow. 


880 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hobart  f 


[Oct. 


mond*8  children,  Sir  Miles  Hobert,  Mr. 
Walter  Long,  and  Mr.  John  Hamdea's 
children,  shall  have  5,000/.  to  each  for  the 
sufferings  of  them,  or  their  parents,  3  Car. 
for  oppressing  [opposing  ?]  the  illegalities 
of  that  time.*'— P.  234,  edit.  1732. 

Here  the  monument  is  forgotten, 
and  the  vote  is  said  to  have  been  one 
of  5,000/.  to  Sir  Miles  himself.  The 
"children"  followed  of  course  with- 
out inquiry  in  the  pages  of  the  next 
writer.  If  historical  students  could 
but  be  persuaded  to  pause  and  refer 
to  authority  whenever  they  meet  with 
a  statement  which  obviously  contains 
some  error,  what  an  infinity  of  mis- 
statements would  be  avoided!  The 
custom  is,  when  a  difficulty  occurs,  to 
endeavour  to  explain  it  away  by  some 
happy  or  unhappy  conjecture,  as  in 
this  mstance  bv  inventmg  Sir  Miles*s 
"  children,"  rather  than  to  set  it  right 
by  referring  to  records  or  other  de- 
cisive authorities. 

Our  correspondent  G.  A.  C.  dis- 
covered the  grant  of  letters  of  adminis- 
tration to  Sir  Miles,  and  furnished  us 
with  a  note  of  its  contents,  which 
was  printed  at  p.  283.  But  here  again 
there  is  a  difficulty.  The  grant  of  let- 
ters of  administration  is  dated  the  26th 
June,  1632,  whilst  the  inquisition  post 
mortem  gives  the  29th  of  the  same 
June  as  the  date  of  Sir  Milcs^s  death. 
How  to  reconcile  this  discrepancy  we 
cannot  t€ll ;  and  in  the  present  state  of 
the  Prerogative  Office,  where  every 
inquiry  is  hedged  round  with  impedi- 
ments and  fees,  it  is  quite  impossible 
to  ascertain.  There  is  no  office  in  the 
kingdom  the  regulations  of  which  arc 
80  utterly  prohibitory  of  all  literary 
inquiry  as  this.  We  went  thither  to 
endeavour  to  clear  up  this  difficulty, 
and  having  paid  the  customary  shilling 
fee,  turned  to  the  volume  of  the  calen- 
dar applicable  to  the  period  in  question. 
That  volume  contains  references  to  all 
the  administrations  granted  between 
1631  and  1633,  both  inclusive,  ar- 
ranged in  the  order  in  which  they 
were  granted,  not  alphabetically,  but 
merely  by  the  initial  letter  of  the 
surname  of  the  deceased,  and  without 
anything  to  indicate  the  dates  of  the 
respective  grants.  After  some  search 
we  found  a  reference  to  one  which  re- 
lated to  "Miles  Hobart,"  not  ''Sir 
Miles  Hobart."  We  pointed  out  the 
circumstance  to  the  attendant,  and  con- 


cluding that  this  entry  referred  to  the 
administration  of  the  26th  Jane,  we  re- 
quested to  see  it,  supposing  that  the 
calendar  had  omitted  the  customary  de- 
signation of  knighthood.  That  turned 
out  to  be  the  fact,  but  the  adnunis- 
tration  alluded  to  was  not  the  grant  of 
the  26th  June,  1632,  but  one  granted 
on  the  11th  June,  1633.  It  was  not, 
therefore,  the  one  which  we  wanted, 
and  if  the  catalogue  had  stated  its  date 
we  should  not  have  referred  to  it.  In 
the  margin  of  the  minute  of  this  grant 
was  a  reference  to  another  grant,  which 
the  attendant  turned  to,  but  still  that 
was  not  the  one  we  wanted.  Again 
we  searched  the  calendar,  and  found 
a  reference  to  another  grant  which 
was  entered  as  relating  to  "  Sir  Miles 
Hobart :"  that  was  turned  to ;  it  was 
the  one  we  wanted ;  the  book  was  laid 
open  before  us,  but  we  were  told  that 
we  could  not  consult  it  without  the 
ayment  of  another  fee  of  "  one  shil- 


Fi 


ing. 


Why  so?" 

We  were  reminded  that  we  had  seen 
two  grants  already,  and  were  informed 
that  an  extra  fee  was  payable  on  the 
sight  of  every  third.  "But  those 
we  have  seen  already,**  we  remarked^ 
"  have  been  referred  to  by  nustake.** 
"  Undoubtedly,"  was  the  answer ;  "  if 
you  had  found  what  you  want  you 
would  not  desire  to  look  further ;  hut 
such  mistakes  take  up  our  time,  and 
pive  us  trouble.  If  you  were  search- 
ing in  the  name  of  Smith,  our  whole 
time  might  be  occupied  in  turning 
from  grant  to  grant  before  we  found 
the  riffht  one." 

"That  would  be  the  consequence 
of  your  calendars  not  bein^  properly 
framed.  The  mist^e,  in  this  mstance, 
is  not  ours  but  yours.  If  your  calen- 
dar had  stated  the  dates  of  the  grants 
we  have  seen,  we  should  not  have 
referred  to  them.  Do  you  make  in- 
(juirers  pay  for  that  which  is  the  con- 
sc(|uence  of  your  calendar  being  im- 
perfect?" 

Our  protest  was  in  vain.  In  rain 
also  did  we  point  out  that  the  search 
was  merely  for  a  literaxy  purpose.  It 
made  no  difference.  Nothing  is  known 
in  the  Prerogative  Office  but  the  strict 
rule  of  "a  shilling  for  eveary  third.** 
So  we  paid  our  second  shilling,  and 
inspected  the  grant  of  26  June,  1632. 
It  clearly  refers   to    Sir  Miles  the 


1851.] 


Who  was  aS'iV  Miles  Hohart  9 


381 


member  for  Great  Marlow,  and  yet  it 
stands  dated  "vicesimo  sexto  Junii, 
1632,"  three  days  before  his  death. 

We  inquired  if  there  were  any 
papers  in  the  office  by  which  the  ac- 
curacy of  the  date  could  be  tested. 
Several  gentlemen  (all  of  them  very 
obliging)  seemed  to  think  there  were 
not ;  another  gave  reasons  for  think- 
ing that  there  must  be,  but  there 
would  be  a  fee  of  "  half-a-crown  for 
a  search  for  them."  This,  with  all 
the  attendant  uncertainties,  and  pos- 
sibly further  contingent  fees  if  the 
papers  were  found,  and  all  to  enable 
us  to  clear  up  what  is  apparently  a 
mistake  in  theur  own  books,  was  a  little 
too  bad,  and  we  walked  away,  musing 
how  long  it  will  be  before  indignant 
common  sense  will  be  aroused  to  visit 
this  snug  little  den  of  old-fashioned 
sinecure  extortion  with  the  rough 
besom  of  a  wholesome  reformation. 
This  office  now  stands  pre-eminent 
amongst  public  offices  as  that  one  in 
which  there  is  no  concern  for  litera- 
ture, no  appreciation  of  the  historical 
uses  of  the  documents  of  which  the 
registrars  are  the  appointed  keepers, 
no  proper  calendars,  no  feeling  or  re- 
gard for  the  public  character  and 
credit  of  that  church  with  which  they 
are  connected,  or  for  anything  save 
the  "  one  shilling  for  every  third." 

The  date  of  26th  June,  1632,  is  no 
doubt  a  mistake,  like  the  calendar  re- 
ference to  "  Miles  Hobart"  instead  of 
Sir  Miles,  but  what  was  the  actual 
date  we  cannot  tell. 

The  history  of  the  several  grants  of 
letters  of  administration  laid  open  by 
our  two  shillings,  was  as  follows.  The 
grant  entered  as  dated  the  26th  June, 
1632,  was  made  to  Robert  Thorpe, 
half-brother  of  Sir  Miles  by  the 
mother*s  side,  during  the  pendency  of 
a  suit  between  Thorpe,  Maoel  Morgan, 
Mary  Herris,  and  John  Johnson  on 
the  one  side,  and  Sir  John  Hewett, 
knight,  on  the  other,  respecting  the 
validity  of  a  will  of  Sir  Miles.  The 
sentence  of  the  court  was  against  the 
validity  of  the  will;  and  on  the  11th 
July,  1633,  administration  as  in  the 
case  of  an  intestacy  was  granted  to 
the  same  Robert  Thorpe.  This  ad- 
ministration was  recalled  on  the  11th 
July,  1637,  and  on  the  19  th  February, 
1638-9,  administration  of  the  goods 
leil  unadministered  by  Thorpe  was 


granted  to  Mary  Harris,  widow,  the 
natural  and  lawuil  sister  of  Sir  Miles. 

Were  it  possible  to  have  access  to 
the  papers  relating  to  .the  .suit  and 
administration,  they ,  would  .no.  doubt 
clear  up  all  difficulties  respecting  Sir 
Miles*s  origin  .  and  connections,  but 
enough  has  been  found  and  stated  to 
dissipate  the  unfounded  assertions 
whicn  have  been  advanced  respecting 
him.  It  is  clear  that  he  could  not 
have  been  an  ancestor  of  the  Earls  of 
Buckinghamshire ;  that  he  was  not  Sir 
Miles  Hobart  of  Plumstead,  the  father 
of  the  third  Baronet,  and  of  Alice  who 
was  married  to  John  Jermv ;  that  he 
did  not  die  of  the  blows  of  his  keeper; 
and  that  the  parliament  did  not  vote 
compensation  to  his  children. 

It  remains  to  endeavour  to  show 
from  what  branch  of  the  H^obarts  he 
really  was  descended,  and  how  he  was 
connected,  if  at  all,  with  the  ancestors 
of  the  Earls  of  Buckinghamshire  ;  and 
here  we  shall  find  the  value  of  the 
manuscript  pedigree  adduced  by  G.  A. 
C.  and  partly  prmted  at  p.  233. 

The  Hobarts  are  first  found  seated 
in  Suffi^lk,  at  a  place  called  Monk's 
Tye,  or  La  Tye.  They  migrated  thence 
first  to  Gedford-street  and  afterwards 
to  Leyham  in  the  same  county,  during 
the  fiheenth  century,  and  purchased 
the  manor  of  the  latter  place  in  1488. 
Thomas  Hobart,  or  Hobert,  the  ^care^ 
ful  man  who  raised  his  family  by.  this 
purchase  into  the  rank  of  the  squire- 
archy, had  two  sons.  William,  the 
elder,  remained  at  home  and  tilled 
the  paternal  acres ;  whilst  James,  the 
younger,  carried  his  East  Ai^glian 
shrewdness  to  that  congenial  market 
Westminster  Hall,  and  raised  himself 
to  high  distinction  in  the  law.  He 
became  the  ancestor  of  the  Hobarts  of 
Blickling  and  Plumstead,  one  of  whom 
was  ultimately  raised  to  the  peerage  as 
Earl  of  Buckmghamshire.  Although 
outstripped  in  fortune  and  renown  oy 
his  more  distinguished  brother,  Wil- 
liam, the  representative  of  the  family 
at  Leyham  married  respectably,  and 
lived  the  life  of  a  prosperous  country- 
gentleman.  His  wife,  one  of  the  co- 
heiresses of  a  Sir  Philip  Tylnejr,  be- 
sides the  benefits  of  her  inheritance, 
brought  her  husband  three  sons,  Tho- 
mas, Nicholas,  and  John.  The  eldest, 
Thomas,  followed  in  his  father*8  steps. 
Of  John  little  is  known.     Nicholas, 


382 


Who  was  Sir  Miles  Hohart  9 


[Oct. 


with  whom  we  have  to  do,  and  with 
whom  the  pedigree  printed  at  p. 
233  commences,  married  a  Sufiblk 
lady,  and  had  issue  three  sons — An- 
drew, James,  and  William.  Andrew, 
the  eldest,  following  the  customary 
rule  with  eldest  sons,  remained  at 
home ;  James  and  William  went  into 
the  world,  the  former  to  London,  the 
latter  to  Norwich.  Henceforth,  it  is 
to  the  latter,  William,  that  in  our  pre- 
sent inquiry  we  must  look.  He  had 
one  son,  upon  whom  was  bestowed  the 
name  of  Miles — a  name  already  common 
in  the  more  distinguished  Blickling, 
or  legal,  branch  of  the  family.  Miles 
removed  from  Norwich  to  London. 
He  married  thrice.  By  each  of  his 
first  and  second  wives  he  had  probably 
several  daughters;  by  his  third  wife 
he  had  a  son,  named  afler  himself 
Miles.    This  Miles  afterwards  became 


Sir  Miles,  and  was  beyond  all  doubt 
the  patriot  member  for  Great  Marlow. 

Tne  status  of  the  London  branch  of 
the  family  may  be  inferred  firom  the 
circumstance  that  the  second  "mfe  of 
Miles,  the  father  of  Sir  Miles,  was  one 
of  the  seven  daughters  of  Sir  Thomas 
Cambell,  knight,  who  was  Mayor  in 
1609,  and  died  at  the  age  of  78  in 
1613  (Strype*s  Stow,  book  iii.  p.  5% 
edit.  1720) ;  that  his  third  wife  was  the 
widow  of  a  London  merchant,  and  that 
she  married  for  her  third  husband  Sir 
Thomas  Middleton,  knight,  mayor  of 
London  in  1613,  and  brother  of  the 
celebrated  Sir  Hugh. 

The  family  descent,  it  will  be  seen, 
was  of  no  unusual  kind.  The  eldest 
son  stayed  at  home,  the  younger  went 
abroad  and  earned  distinction.  Their 
course  will  be  best  illustrated  by  the 
following  genealogical  sketch. 


Thomas  Hobart,  purchased  Leyham  a.  d.  1488. 

J 


r  '  I 

William, ^Annc,  3rd  daa.  and  co-  James,  practised  the  law,  and  was attomey-geiieral 

inherited    heiress  of  Sir  Philip  Tyl-  to  Henry  VII.     From  him  are  descended  the  Ho« 

Leyham.     ney,  knight,  and  ;Eliza-  barts  of  Blickling,  represented  by  the  Earls  of 

beth,  dau.  and  heir  of  Buckinghamshire,  those  of  Plomstead,  and  those 

Geoffrey  Stainfeld.  of  Intwood. 


Thomas,  inherited     Nicholas.^ ,  dau.  of Stanesby,        John. 


Leyham. 


I 


of  Byldeston. 


Andrew,  inherited      James,  a  mercer,      William,=pAnne,  dau.  of  John  le  GroS|  and 
Monks*  Illegh.  of  London.  of   Nor-    widow  of  Thomas   Qoarles,    of 

wich.  Norwich. 


r 


first 
wife,  a 
widow. 


,^Mile8,=r=Second  wife,  daa.=T=Elizabeth,  widow  of  Robert==Sir  Thomas  Mid* 


of 

Lon- 
don. 


of    Sir    Thomas 
Cambell,  knight. 


T 


Taylor  [?]  *  merchant  of  dleton,  knt.  mayor 
London,  dau.  of ...  Brooke,  of  LondoDi  third 
of  London.  husband* 


A  daughter,  mar.  A  daughter,  Another  dau.  pro-  Miles,  afterwards  SieMilbs  Ho- 

to  Joseph  Jack-  ma.  to  ... .  bably  ma.  to  ... .  bart,    KNiGHT,t    member    for 

son,  merchant,  of  Scot,   of  Harris,  whom  she  Great  Marlow.     Died  withoat  is- 

London.  London.  survived.  sue.t 


We  have  thus  done  what  we  could 
to  answer  the  curious  question  of  in- 
termingled fabrication  and  mistaken 


identity  which  was  raised  by  our  cor- 
respondent G.  A.  C.  If  it  has  been 
solved,  to  him  be  all  the  credit    He 


*  So  in  Harl.  MS.  1096,  fol.  114  b,  but  m  all  probability  it  ought  to  be  lliorpe. 
''  Robert  Thorpe,"  brother  of  the  half-blood  to  Sir  Miles,  was  probably  son  of  this 
marriage. 

t  This  is  ''  Baronet''  in  Harl.  MS.  1096,  but  that  is  clearly  a  mistake.  There 
never  was  any  Hobart  baronetage  save  that  which  exists  in  the  descendants  of  the 
Lord  Chief  Justice. 

X  The  earlier  part  of  this  pedigree  is  proveable  by  the  Harleian  MS.  1552,  fol.  2S2b. ; 
the  latter  by  the  Harl.  MS.  1096^  fol.  114  b,  partly  printed  in  our  last  Bfagasiae, 
p.  233. 


1851.]  Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall. 


383 


not  only  led  the  way  but  supplied 
much  of  the  information  upon  which 
we  have  proceeded.  The  result  fur- 
nishes an  example  of  the  strange  and 
most  discreditable  imperfection  which 
pervades  even  what  are  considered  our 
standard  historical  works,  and  the  im- 
possibility of  arriving  at  truth,  except 
by  means  of  record  and  documentary 
evidence.  The  concession  of  the  Master 
of  the  Kolls  gives  opportunity  to  in- 


quirers to  take  advantage  of  a  great 
deal  of  such  evidence ;  and,  although 
the  Prerogative  Office,  which  is  its 
main  centre,  is  still  virtually  closed 
against  us,  even  that  office  cannot  long 
resist  the  influence  of  the  improved 
spirit  in  such  matters  which  pervades 
all  public  offices  and  depositories,  all 
private  possessors  of  manuscripts,  and 
every  place  in  the  kingdom — save  only 
one  quiet  nook  in  Doctobs"  Commons. 


NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  ALONG  THE  ROMAN  WALL. 
Bt  Charles  Roach  Smith,  F.S.A. 


Mb.  Ubban, 

AS  the  Roman  Wall  has  been  lately 
brought  before  your  readers  in  a  re- 
view of  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Bruce's  volume 
on  that  remarkable  work,  and  as  the 
subject  is  one  of  real  national  import- 
ance, invested  with  novel  interest  by 
the  popular  manner  in  which  it  has 
been  treated  by  the  author  of  the  book 
referred  to,  I  venture  to  offer  you  the 
result  of  a  tour  I  have  recently  made 
along  the  line  of  the  remains,  in  com- 
pany of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bruce  and  Mr. 
E.  B.  Price. 

Although  the  brief  space  of  one  . 
week  was  all  the  time  I  could  afford 
to  an  investigation  which  would  well 
have  repaid  a  much  more  extended 
survey,  I  was  enabled  practically  to 
test  the  accuracy  of  Mr.  Bruce's  ex- 
amination, to  derive  the  greatest  as- 
sistance from  his  labours  (taking  his 
book  as  my  guide),  and  to  concur  with 
him  in  the  conclusions  to  which  his 
researches  have  led,  as  to  the  period 
at  which  this  gigantic  fortification  was 
constructed.  Much  is  duo  to  Mr. 
Bruce  for  the  honest  and  earnest  man- 
ner in  which  he  has  collated  the  testi- 
mony of  preceding  writers,  and  com- 
pared it  with  existing  remains,  follow- 
mg  the  wall  step  by  step,  and  only 
diverging  when  it  was  necessary  to 
seek  in  private  collections  inscriptions 
and  monuments  which  had  in  past 
times  been  discovered  in  the  district, 
and  which  so  materially  serve  in  sup- 
port of  his  main  argument,  which  is 
that  the  wall  and  the  great  earthworks, 
running  parallel  on  the  north  and 
south,  were  not  constructed,  as  has 
been  generally  supposed,  at  different 


times,  but  that  they  were  conceived 
and  executed  at  one  and  the  same 
period,  namely,  during  the  reign  of 
the  Emperor  Hudrian. 

Camden,  Stukelev,  Horsley,  Hodg- 
son, and  others  who  have  preceded 
Mr.  Bruce,  have  zealously  laboured 
on  this  classic  ground.  To  the  last 
mentioned  historian  belongs  the  credit 
of  smoothing  the  path  of  the  present 
generation  of  antiquaries,  and  of  gi^d- 
mg  them  along  the  entire  line  of  the 
wall,  by  easy  stages,  from  Wallsend 
to  Bowness.  Such  an  index  as  his 
book  was  wanted ;  for,  although  the  stu- 
dent by  his  fireside  could  read  and  study 
the  inscriptions  collected  by  Horsley 
and  others,  the  tourist  must  necessarily 
have  passed  by  many  interesting  lo- 
calities, and  manv  portions  of  the  wall 
itself,  and  have  been  ignorant  of  l^e 
whereabouts  of  numerous  rem'ains, 
which  have  luckily  been  preserved  in 
private  mansions,  had  he  not  been  fur- 
nished with  the  details  given  by  Mr. 
Bruce.  Now,  with  the  book  in  his 
pocket,  with  time  at  his  command,  and 
a  moderate  share  of  sti'ength  of  con- 
stitution, he  may  study,  as  it  can  only 
properly  be  studied,  the  grandest  and 
most  valuable  in  the  entire  range  of 
our  ancient  national  monuments. 

It  is  quite  impossible  to  convey  by 
the  most  elaborate  description  a  correct 
notion  of  this  stupendous  undertaking. 
The  mere  wall  itself,  extending  from 
sixty  to  seventy  miles,  of  the  width  of 
from  ten  to  twelve  feet,  and  of  the 
probable  height  of  from  fifleen  to 
twenty  feet,  forms  only  a  portion  of 
the  picture  which  the  mind  has  to 
frame  of  the  work  in  its  original  state. 


384 


Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall. 


[Oct. 


The  ground  chosen  by  the  Romans  to 
separate  Britain  from  the  barbarian 
tribes  of  the  north  is  a  tract  of  high 
land,  oflcn  mountainous  and  precipi- 
tous, intercepted  by  ravines  or  gapsy 
as  they  are  now  called,  rivers,  and 
marshes.  With  consummate  engineer- 
ing skill  the  vast  natural  difficulties 
of  the  rugged  district  have  been  con- 
quered ;  no  hill  or  crag  turns  aside  the 
progress  of  the  great  mural  defence ; 
upon  the  steepest  heights  the  stones 
are  as  nicely  squared  and  cemented 
as  upon  the  lower  level  ground,  and 
the  labour  of  the  workmen  has  in  no 
instance  been  spared  by  the  use  of 
materials  close  at  hand,  for  the  stones 
were  quarried  at  a  considerable  dis- 
tance from  the  wall,  and  brought  up 
hills  and  precipices  by  manual  force 
to  preserve  a  uniformity  of  construc- 
tion. The  vallum,  a  deep  ditch,  runs 
alongside,  and  is  only  interrupted 
where  steep  cliffs  render  it  needless. 
In  one  place  this  vallum  is  formed  out 
of  a  solid  rock,  and  the  huge  masses 
of  stone  lie  about  upon  its  banks  as  if 
some  superhuman  agency  had  ploughed 
through  the  rock  and  shivered  it  into 
pieces,  as  the  plough  in  the  hands  of 
the  ploughman  turns  up  a  furrow  in 
a  field.  We  are  as  yet  only  upon  the 
threshhold  of  contemplation.  Military 
stations  (cdstra),  mile-castles  (cos- 
tellaj,  and  watch-towers,  ilank  the 
wall  throughout  its  course.  The  first 
of  these  are  of  considerable  and  of 
varying  extent.  They  are  the  stationes 
linei  valli,  the  stations  of  the  line  of 
the  wall,  of  the  Notitia.  In  them  were 
quartered  bodies  of  auxiliary  troops, 
chiefly  foreigners,  who  in  numerous 
inscriptions  have  left  traces  of  their 
abode  over  a  long  period  of  time.  In 
the  casteUa  were  placed  smaller  bodies 
of  troops;  while  the  watch-towers, 
of  more  circumscribed  dimensions, 
were  guarded  as  outposts  by  detach- 
ments renewed  daily  from  the  ad- 
joining stations.  A  scheme  so  grand 
and  extensive  was  the  conception  of 


a  master  mind;  its  accomplishment 
and  maintenance  throuffh  two  centu- 
ries, in  the  face  of  hostile  and  warlike 
Eeople,  and  in  a  climate  which  must 
ave  proved  even  more  destructiye 
to  soldiers  from  the  south  than  the 
weapons  of  the  enemy,  impress  ns 
with  admiration  of  the  discipline,  the 
fortitude,  and  the  enthusiasm  which 
held  together  for  so  long  a  period  so 
extensive  an  empire.  '&&  scenes  of 
blood  and  violence  which  are  su^ested 
by  conquest  are  softened  by  the  re- 
flection that  in  the  wake  of  the  sword 
followed  the  benign  influence  of  order, 
laws,  arts,  and  civilization. 

A  survey  of  the  great  wall  and  its 
military  appendages  is  absolutely  ne- 
cessary before  we  can  obtain  a  clear 
insight  into  the  state  of  Britain  daring 
the  Roman  occupation.  Everything 
which  remains,  throughout  this  north- 
ern tract,  is  more  or  less  of  a  military 
character.  From  the  Tyne  to  the 
Solway  the  constructions  bespeak  the 
purposes  for  which  they  were  erected, 
and  the  inscriptions  are  usually  more 
or  less  relating  to  soldiers  and  miUtary 
matters.  The  castra  and  the  subsidiary 
forts  are  guarded  by  strong  walls  void 
of  decoration  or  ornament.  The  do- 
mestic villas,  spacious  and  well  con- 
structed for  counteracting  the  rigours 
of  long  winters,  present  none  of  the 
refinements  of  luxury  to  be  noticed  in 
those  of  the  middle  and  southern  parts 
of  Britain.  The  beautiful  tessellated 
pavements  which  adorned  the  towns 
and  villas  of  the  peaceftd  and  undis- 
turbed districts  of  Britain  are  no 
where  to  be  met  with ;  but  in  their 
stead  the  floors  are  composed  of  large 
slabs  of  smoothed  stone  laid  in  cement 
upon  square  columns  of  stone  masonry 
of  the  most  substantial  kind.  Cilur- 
num,  now  Walwick  Chesters,  the  seat 
of  the  Messrs.  Clayton,*  ofiers  the  first 
example  of  the  internal  arrangements 
of  one  of  the  great  stations  upon  the 
line  of  the  wall.  A  suite  of  at  least  ten 
rooms  has  here  been  laid  open.    The 


*  I  cannot  name  these  gentlemen  without  acknowledging  the  very  courteous  and 
kind  attentions  we  received  from  them  during  our  tour  of  the  Wall.  By  their  friendly 
services  we  were  enabled  to  inspect  comfortably  and  leisurely  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant localities  and  monuments.  The  antiquarian  intelligence,  classical. learniog, 
and  liberality  of  Mr.  John  Clayton  is  gracefully  recorded  by  Mr.  Bruce  in  Uie  dem- 
cation  of  his  book.  Mr.  Nathaniel  Clayton,  the  elder  brother,  will  nb'tVl  hope,  be 
offended  by  my  introducing  here  a  reminiscence  of  his  schoolfellow,  Lord -Byron,  which 
o  .  .        .   '      " 


1851.]  Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall. 

floor  of  one  of  the  largest  of  these  is 
supported  by  no  less  than  forty-eight 
columns  of  masonry  of  about  two  feet 
square;  another  room  has  twenty-four; 
in  a  third  the  floor  is  laid  upon  pillars 
of  tiles  interspersed  with  some  of 
stone,  a  few  of  which  had  apparently 

f)reviously  joined  the  capitals  of  co- 
umns  in  some  decayed  or  destroyed 
building ;  the  floors  are  composed  of 
large  slabs  of  stone.  These  apartments 
were  heated  by  hypocausts,  and  many 
of  them  have  been  provided  with  double 
doors. 

The  houses  both  here  and  at  Bor- 
covicus  are  pretty  cleai'ly  indicated  in 
the  pasturage,  and  it  would  not  be 
raising  expectation  too  high  or  pro- 
mising too  much  were  I  to  i<ay  that,  as 
at  both  these  great  stations  the  founda- 
tions of  the  buildings  appear  to  have 
been  undisturbed,  it  is  probable  pretty 
correct  plans  of  the  entire  distribution 
of  the  areas  might  be  obtained  by  ex- 
cavations. On  the  outside  of  these 
ccutra,  chiefly  on  the  south,  were  villas 
and  houses,  indications  of  which  are  so 
numerous  as  to  warrant  our  using  the 
terms  villages  and  towns.  Beyond 
these  are  the  burial-places,  where  the 
greater  part  of  the  inscriptions  are 
found.  It  is  in  these  memorials  we 
read  much  of  the  history  of  the  places. 
To  cite,  for  example,  one  found  at 
Chesters  many  years  ago.  It  comme- 
morates the  restoration  of  a  temple, 
which  had  become  decayed  through 
age,  by  soldiers  of  the  second  wing  of 
the  Astures,  a  people  of  Spain,  in  the 
time  of  Elagabalus,  under  the  con- 
sulate of  Gratus  and  Seleucus,  an- 
swering to  our  A.D.  221.  Now  up- 
wards of  one  hundred  years  after  this 
date  we  find  the  same  wing  of  the 
Astures  located  here,  a  coincidence 
between  the  Notitia  and  inscriptions 
which  occurs  frequently  along  the  line 
of  the  wall.  The  great  importance  of 
monuments  such  as  these  must  beget 
a  desire  that  the  stations  on  the  line  of 
the  wall  should  be  thoroughly  exca- 
vated, as  it  is  more  than  probable  there 
are  numerous  inscribed  stones  still  re- 
maining buried,  especially  when  it  is 


385 


considered  that  those  hitherto  dis- 
covered were  brought  to  light  through 
accidental  circumstances,  and  not  from 
intentional  research.  At  Chesters  Mr. 
Clayton  has  preserved  numerous  in- 
teresting remains  discovered  there  and 
at  Housesteads.  The  following  muti- 
lated inscription  is  worthy  of  notice, 
as  recording  a  soldier  of  Fannonia 
(Dagvaldus)  and  a  female,  Fusinna, 
probably  a  near  relative : 

D.  M. 

.    .    DAOVALD  .  MI   •    • 

.    .    PAN  .  VIXIT  .  A  .    . 

.    .    PVSIMNA    .    . 

.    .   XIIT  .  VI. 

Few  travellers  will  be  induced  to 
seek  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  wall 
in  the  busy  scene  of  Wallsend,  the 
site  of  Segedunum,  where  but  little 
either  of  the  Boman  wall  or  of  the 
station  is  to  be  seen  above  ground. 
The  site  of  the  latter  is,  however, 
with  some  difficulty  to  be  traced  upon 
the  brow  of  a  rising  sroimd  over- 
looking the  Tyne,  like  that  of  Lymne 
in  Kent,  in  relation  to  the  Bomney 
marshes.  From  Wallsend  to  New- 
castle every  stone  has  been  removed  for 
cottages  and  houses ;  but  the  founda- 
tion of  the  wall  still  obstructs  the 
plough,  and  by  means  of  its  accom- 
panying vallum  its  course  can  still  bo 
traced  almost  up  to  Newcastle.  West- 
ward, therefore,  from  this  great  and 
populous  town  the  antiquary  willpro- 
Daoly  commence  his  tour  oi  the  wall. 
He  must  first  be  apprised  that  for 
nineteen  miles  the  wall  has  been  le- 
velled by  order  of  Grovernment  to  form 
the  high  road,  and  that,  for  this  extent, 
with  some  few  exceptions  caused  by 
the  obstructions  of  farm-houses,  hills, 
and  other  impediments,  the  modem 
road  is  constructed  upon  the  founda- 
tions of  the  wall.  Walking  in  the  centre 
of  the  road  he  may  detect  the  facing 
stones  of  the  Boman  structure  on  his 
right  and  left.  This  great  legalised 
piece  of  vandalism  throws  into  the 
shade  a  century  of  petty  pilferings,  and 
almost  makes  venial  a  thousand  acts 
of  destruction  perpetrated  by  ignorant 
individuals.  It  is  m  this  district  where 


my  fellow-traveller,  Mr.  Price,  has  identified  as  applied  to  him :  "  Clayton  was  another 
school  •monster  of  learning,  and  talent,  and  hope ;  bat  what  has  become  of  him  I  do 
not  know.     He  was  certainly  a  genius.''— -Life,  Letters,  and  Joomals  of  Lord  Byroii| 
page  21.     Murray,  1838. 
Gbkt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI.  3D 


386 


Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  WaiL 


[Oct 


the  wall  has  been  so  effectually  pulled 
down  that  Mr.  Bruce^s  volume  is  pe- 
culiarly useful,  enabling  the  traveller 
to  recognize  the  sites  of  stations  which 
he  must  else  necessarily  pass  by  with- 
out noticing,  for  they  are  now  either 
covered  with  the  greensward  or  with 
the  annual  produce  of  the  husband- 
man. Condercum,  the  third  station  of 
the  line,  adjoins  the  village  of  Benwell, 
about  two  miles  from  Newcastle. 
Ilere  was  found  among  others  a  dedi- 
catory inscription  to  the  Matres  Cam- 
pestres  and  ttie  genius  of  the  first  wing 
of  the  Astures,  on  the  restoration  of  a 
temple.  This  inscription  also  confirms 
the  Notitia,  in  which  valuable  muster- 
roll  we  find  this  body  of  troops  sta- 
tioned at  Condercum.  At  East  Denton, 
a  little  beyond  Benwell,  the  first  glimpse 
of  a  fragment  of  the  wall  is  to  be  seen 
on  the  left  of  the  road.  This  and  a 
few  more  similar  vestiges  have  been 
preserved,  owing  to  some  insurmount- 
able obstructions  having  caused  the 
engineers  of  the  Government  road  to 
swerve  a  little  from  the  straight  line. 
All  along  the  course  of  the  wall  the 
traveller  may  recognize  the  facing 
stones  worked  into  the  walls  of  modern 
houses.  Indeed  it  is  not  exaggeration 
to  say  that  most  of  the  farm-houses 
and  villages  are  almost  wholly  con- 
structed of  Roman  materials  taken 
either  from  the  wall  itself  or  from  the 
stations  and  their  buildings.  A  close 
examination  of  every  house,  stable, 
cow -shed,  and  hut  on  the  line  would 
doubtless  repay  the  search  for  inscribed 
stones,  as  some  of  the  most  important 
we  now  possess  have  been  recovered 
from  such  "  vile  uses ;"  others  are  still 
continually  detected,  while  it  is  known 
from  experience  that  altars  and  votive 
tablets  are  oflen  built  up  in  the  houses 
with  the  inscribed  and  sculptured  sides 
concealed.  At  West  Denton,  Mr.  G. 
Clayton  Atkinson  pointed  out  to  us  in 
his  garden  wall  an  inscription  which 
he  had  discovered  a  short  time  previous 
to  our  visit,  recording  the  termination 
of  an  allotment  of  work  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  great  wall  by  a  body 
of  soldiers  under  the  command  of  one 
Julius  Primus.     Similar  commemora- 


tions are  to  be  noticed  at  intervals 
throughout  the  entire  line.  At  But- 
chester,  a  little  beyond  the  dghth  mile- 
stone, we  observed  in  a  wall  part  of  a 
sepulchral  inscription  and  a  stone  in- 
scribed coH.  VI.  afbhiji,  in  two  Unes* 
with  the  usual  centurial  mark  pire- 
fixed  to  the  word  Aprilis.  Butoheiter 
is  supposed  to  be  the  Vindobala  of  the 
Notitia,  where  a  cohort  of  the  Fri- 
sians* was  located.  Here  were  found 
a  few  years  since  by  the  tenant  of  the 
property  while  searching  for  building 
materials,  the  four  altars  published  by 
Mr.  Bell  and  the  late  Mr.  Hodffson, 
in  the  ArchsBoWia  ^liana,  voL  ir. 
They  are  exceedingly  interesting  as 
referring  to  the  prevalence  in  Britain 
of  the  worship  of  Mithras,  to  whom  a 
temple  was  also  erected  at  Vindabala. 
The  dedications  commence  severally 
<'Deo  Soli  Invicto,**  '*Deo  Invioto 
My  three,"  "  SoU  ApoUini,'*  and  "Deo," 
simply ;  the  last  havins  been  dedicated 
by  a  soldier  of  the  sixUi  legion-f  Mr. 
Bell  considers  that  if  further  search 
were  made  other  inscriptions  would 
probably  be  found. 

Butchester  is  the  scene  of  one  of  the 
amusing  incidents  in  Hntton*s  pedes* 
trian  Tour  of  the  Wall,  made  at  thecom« 
mencement  of  the  present  century,  in  a 
spirit  of  enthusiasm,  and  with  a  physi* 
cal  energy,  seldom  united  in  a  man  of 
eighty  years.  His  personal  appearance 
oujqvl  subjected  him  to  suspicion  in  the 
inmates  of  the  few  and  scattered  houses 
of  this  wild  district,  but  good  humoov 
and  a  little  philosophy  soon  dispelled 
mistrust,  and  the  veteran,  if  he  had 
some  difiiculty  in  making  his  object  on- 
derstood,  usually  succeeded  in  leaving 
friends  behind  him.  Our  friend  and 
companion,  who,  in  his  more  laborious 
researches  tested  the  hospitality  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  farmhouses  and 
cottages,  observes,  "there  is  scarodj 
a  latch  in  the  wilder  regions  of  the 
country  that  I  would  not  freely  lift,  in 
the  assurance  of  a  smiling  welcome.**  ^ 

Beyond  Rutchester  we  noticed  in 
the  walls  of  an  inn,  called  the  Iron 
Sign,  some  inscribed  stones,  two  of 
which  I  read  >-  hosxvfi,  Mid  ooH'vui* 
BBiT,  the  century  of  Hostilins  Lupus, 


*  Frizagi. 


t  These  altars  are  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  James,  of  Otterbnm.  A  hone  is 
entertained  that  he  will  present  them  to  the  valuable  collection  of  the  Sooisty  of  Aatip 
qoaries  of  Newcatdei  for  as  Otterburn  is  npwards  of  fvrty  miles  distant  the  relifli  are 
almost  iaaGC«s0ible. 


1851.]  Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall. 


387 


and  the  eighth  cohort  of  the  Britons. 
Honnum  is  the  next  station,  under 
the  modem  name  of  Halton-Chesters. 
It  has  suffered  perhaps  more  than  an  j. 
The  walls  have  been  entirely  destroyed, 
and,  a  few  years  since,  a  systematic 
search  was  made  for  the  stones  of  the 
temples  and  the  villas  which  covered 
the  area  now  occupied  by  a  lonely  hut, 
built,  afl  the  farmnouses  of  the  neigh- 
bourhood are,  with  stones  cut  by  the 
hands  of  Roman  masons.  Pottery 
strews  the  surface  of  the  ground;  but 
the  g[eneral  aspect  of  the  site  is  un- 
inyitmg,  so  completely  have  the  modem 
rural  Vandals  ransacked  the  ground. 
Here  the  Noiitia  places  the  Ala  5a- 
vinia  or  Sabiniana,  a  body  of  troops 
to  whom  this  appellation  had  probably 
been  given  by  Hadrian  in  compliment 
to  his  empress,  Sabina.  Camden  found 
here  an  inscription  to  a  soldier  of  this 
ala,  and  a  slab  recording  the  opera- 
tions of  the  second  legion,  also  dug 
up  on  the  same  spot,  is  now  preserved 
at  Alnwick  Castle.  Mr.  Bruce  speaks 
of  busts  of  Emperors  and  Empresses 
from  Hunnum  in  the  house  and  grounds 
of  Matfen,  a  place  we  did  not  see,  and 
of  some  interesting  discoveries  made  a 
few  years  a^o  to  the  north  of  the  turn- 
pike road,  m  a  section  of  the  station 
now  known  by  the  s^ificant  name  of 
*' Brunt-Ha*penny  Field."  He  also 
mentions  an  aqueduct,  traced  for  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile.  Our  tour  has 
added  to  these  and  other  records  a 
new  feature  of  much  interest  in  a  very 
perfect  aqueduct,  which  carried  the 
water  of  a  rivulet  under  the  great 
wall  which  passed  through  the  station, 
and  which,  as  before  observed,  has 
been  converted  into  the  present  high 
road.  It  still  serves  its  original  pur- 
pose, and  is  in  excellent  preservation. 

It  is  after  leaving  this  station  for 
some  distance,  that  the  traveller  for 
the  first  time  forms  a  clear  notion  of 
all  the  parts  of  the  great  fortification. 
The  land  now  opens  on  each  side,  and 
he  perceives  before  him  all  the  works 
stretching  out  and  converffing  towards 
the  horizon  in  bold  and  clear  outline. 
Straight  before  him  is  the  road  with 
the  two  rows  of  facing-stones  of  the 
wall ;  on  the  northern  side  is  the  deep 
ditch,  and  the  tallum  or  mound  with 
its  wide  trench.  As  he  advances  he 
will  descry  the  mile-castles,  and  at 
longer  intervals  the  great  stations. 
"  I  climbed  over  a  stone  waU^*"  says 


Hutton,  *Ho  examine  the  wonder; 
measured  the  whole  in  every  direc- 
tion; surveyed  them  with  surprise, 
with  delight ;  was  fascinated  and  un- 
able to  proceed ;  forgot  I  was  upon  a 
wild  common,  a  stranger,  and  the  even- 
ing approaching.  Even  hunger  and 
fatigue  were  lost  in  the  grandeur  be- 
fore me.  If  a  man  writes  a  book  upon 
a  turnpike  road,  he  cannot  be  expected 
to  move  quick ;  but,  lost  in  astonish- 
ment, I  was  not  able  to  move  at  all.** 
Advancing,  we  find  at  Plane-tree 
field  a  fragment  of  the  wall  nearly 
forty  yards  in  length,  with  five  courses 
of  the  facing-stones,  and  a  little  below, 
at  Brunton,  is  another  fragment  seven 
feet  high,  with  nine  courses  of  facing* 
stones ;  against  it  rests  an  altar,  the 
sides  of  which  have  been  sculptured 
with  foliage  and  other  ornaments,  but 
the  inscnption  has  perished,  and  no 
wonder,  for  the  altar  in  former  times 
served  for  a  gate-post.  The  turn- 
pike road  here  leaves  the  wall  and 
crosses  the  North  Tyne  at  ChoUer- 
ford,  a  little  above  Chesters  (Cilumum), 
which  in  the  time  of  the  Romans  was 
reached  by  a  bridge  in  the  strait  course 
of  the  wall.  It  is  here  the  antiquary 
commences  the  most  delightful  part  of 
his  journey.  Interested  more  and 
more  as  he  has  gradually  seen  the 
great  fortification  developmg  itself  in 
all  its  parts  and  accessories,  he  has 
hitherto  drawn  on  his  imagination  for 
the  fillings-in  of  the  picture.  At 
Chesters  ne  approaches  the  walls  of 
Cilumum;  he  enters,  and  is  in  the 
midst  of  dwelling-houses,  roofless  and 
dilapidated,  but  still  sufficiently  per- 
fect for  him  to  form  a  good  notion  of 
their  arrangement,  the  distribution 
and  peculiarities  of  the  apartments, 
and  indeed  the  general  plan  of  the 
castrum,  although  it  is  but  partially 
excavated.  He  crosses  thresholas 
worn  by  the  tread  of  Roman  feet,  and 
as  he  walks  through  room  after  room 
upon  the  strong  flagged  pavements, 
built  as  if  to  last  for  ever,  he  revolves 
in  his  mind  the  revolutions  of  empires 
and  the  courses  and  vicissitudes  of 
human  afiairs.  A  city  lies  buried  be- 
fore him.  During  a  brief  period  in  the 
world's  age  the  scene  around  him  was 
full  of  life,  enterprise,  and  hope;  a 
dense  population  had  spread  along  the 
hills  from  the  Tyne  to  the  Solwajr; 
camps,  villas,  ana  towns  marked  its 
growth;  some  few  centuries  laternature 


388 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Oct 


entombed  their  remains,  and  solitude 
again  resumed  her  dominion.  A  river 
god,  the  genius  probably  of  the  North 
Tyne,  which  rolls  among  rocks  and 
woods  by  the  side  of  the  station,  is 
now  enshrined  in  the  mansion  at  Ches- 
ters  with  numberless  other  vestiges  of 
ancient  Cilumum  and  of  Borcovicus, 
the  great  station  next  but  one  towards 
the  west.  "  The  Astures,"  says  Hodg- 
son, **  in  exchanging  the  sunny  valleys 
of  Spain  for  the  banks  of  the  tawny 
Tyne,  might  find  the  climate  in  their 
new  situation  worse,  but  a  lovelier 
spot  than  Cilurnum  all  the  Asturias 
could  not  give  them." 

Procolitia,  now  Carrawburgh,  is  the 
next  halting  place  of  the  traveller. 
When  the  Notitia  was  compiled  the 
first  cohort  of  the  Batavians  was  in 
garrison  here.  In  1838  an  inscribed 
slab  was  found  which  shews  that  this 
cohort  occupied  the  same  quarters  in  the 
time  of  the  Emperor  Maximinus,  a.d. 
237.  '  The  oudme  of  the  station  can 
be  traced,  but  the  walls  and  the 
foundations  of  the  buildings  both 
within  and  without  remain  to  be  exca- 
vated. The  irregularities  in  the  ground 
indicate  the  ruins  to  be  very  extensive. 
The  scenery  now  increases  in  breadth 
and  wildness,  and  the  pedestrian,  if  the 
weather  should  be  stormy,  and  he  be  not 
thoroughly  imbued  with  the  true  sen- 
timent of  antiquarianism,  may  at  times 
feel  lonely  and  apprehensive  of  his 
destiny  at  night.  But  the  difficulties 
of  the  tour,  and  some  there  will  be 
under  the  most  favourable  circum- 
stances, contribute  towards  a  proper 
and  complete  conception  of  the  Koman 
wall  in  all  its  stages,  such  as  can  only 
be  attained  by  walking.    The  most 


timid  adventurer,  howeyer,  need  not 
fear  such  dangers  as  in  times  past 
made  this  district  almost  impassable, 
and  deterred  Camden  and  Sir  Robert 
Cotton  from  advancing  eastward  be- 
yond Carvoran.  Camden  only  speaks 
of  the  castra  from  hearsay ;  he  durst 
not  venture  to  inspect  them  for  fear 
of  *^  the  rank  robbers  thereabouts.** 
Busy-gap,  near  Sewins-shields,  was  a 
noted  place  of  resort  for  thieves  and 
marauders.  Mr.  Bruce  tells  us  that 
*^  the  offence  of  calling  a  fellow-free- 
man *  a  Bussey-gap  rogue,*  was  suffi- 
ciently serious  to  attract  the  attention 
of  a. guild ;  a  case  of  this  kind  being 
recorded  in  the  books  of  the  Bakers 
and  Brewers'  Company  of  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  1645.*'  The  Newcastle 
Merchants'  Company,  in  1564,  enacted 
that  no  apprentice  should  be  taken 
from  these  parts,  on  pain  of  a  fine  of 
20/.,  because  **  the  parties  there  brought 
up  are  known,  either  by  education  or 
nature,  not  to  be  of  honest  conversa- 
tion ;  they  commit  frequent  thefU  and 
other  felonys,  proceeding  from  such 
lewde  and  wicked  progenitors.** 

I  must  now  suspend  my  rambling 
notes  on  an  inexhaustCKl  subject, 
fearing  I  have  exceeded  all  reasonable 
bounds;  but  convinced  of  the  im- 
portance of  our  national  monuments 
and  feeling  how  little  they  are  re- 
garded in  comparison  with  those  of 
remote  countries,  I  could  not  refrain 
from  seeking,  through  the  medium  of 
your  pages,  to  draw  public  attention 
to  the  researches  oiaii.  Bruce  and 
simultaneously  to  the  Great  Wall  itself, 
certainly  the  most  stupendous  and  in- 
teresting of  our  historical  antiquities. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

Seals  of  the  Borough  of  Droitwich— Bishop  Burnet's  attendance  at  the  death-bed  of  the  Earl  of 
Rochester— Birth-place  of  Browne  the  eminent  engraver— Rejoinder  of  Mr.  Roche  in  refe- 
rence to  Bossuet's  Letter  on  the  death  of  Henrietta  Duchess  of  Orleani— Farther  informa- 
tion about  the  relics  of  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia  at  Heidelberg— Another  literary  relic  of  Eliia- 
beth  of  Bohemia— Decay  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  popularity  after  the  execution  <tf  'EMuiMr^ 
Original  unpublished  letter  of  Bernard  Barton. 

Seals  of  Droitwich. 

Droitwichy  there  exhibited,  is  described 
as  identical  with  that  engraved  in  your 
pages,  in  1795,  (toL  Ixv.  part  1,  p.  13.) 
On  comparing,  howcTer,  an  impression  of 
the  -seal  produced  at  Bristol,  and  sahse- 


Dover,  Sept,  18. 

Mr.  Urban,  —  In  the  notice  of  the 

museum  formed  at  Bristol  during  the  late 

meeting  of  the  Archeological  Institute, 

(see  ante,  p.  300),  I  obserrethat  a  seal  of 


1851.] 


Coi^respondence  ofStflvanus  Urban. 


389 


quently  added  to  the  extensive  collection 
of  medieTal  seals  in  the  British  Museum, 
with  the  representation  given  in  1795,  the 
two  seals  prove  to  be  wholly  distinct.  I 
am  induced  to  notice  this  trifling  inadvert- 
ence in  your  report  of  the  Bristol  meeting, 
since  it  may  seem  worthy  of  remark  that 
two  such  municipal  seals  of  the  town  of 
Droit  wich  should  have  passed  out  of  proper 
custody  into  private  hands.  That  en- 
graved as  above  cited,  is  described  as 
having  been  in  the  possession  of  a  gentle- 
man at  Chester,  and  it  was  communicated 
by  a  correspondent  at  Salisbury,  who  sub- 
scribes himself  *■*  Antiguariua,**  It  is  a 
circular  seal,  the  device  being  an  es- 
cutcheon charged  with  the  single  bearing, 
a  sword  surmounted  by  two  lions  passant 
in  pale;  on  either  side  of  the  shield  is  in- 
troduced a  wyvern.  The  inscription  is 
as  follows  :  —  SIGILLVM  :  commvnita- 
Tis  :  viLLE  :  DE  :  WYCHO.  The  diameter 
of  this  seal  is  about  1  inch  and  two-fifths. 
The  Droitwich  seal,  contributed  to  the 
museum  of  the  Institute  by  Mr.  Garrard, 
is  wholly  different  in  design  and  dimen- 
sions. It  was  formerly  in  the  possession 
of  the  late  Mr.  Serjeant  Ludlow,  Recorder 
of  Bristol.  It  measures  in  diameter  nearly 
2^  inches,  and  displays  an  escutcheon 
upon  which  appear  the  lions  passant  as 
before,  impaling  quarterly  1st  and  4th 
checquy,  2nd  and  3rd  two  barrows, — im- 
plements formed  of  wicker-work  used  in 
the  manufacture  of  salt,  for  which  Droit- 
wich has  long  been  noted.  The  following 
legend  runs  round  the  margin  :  4~-^t0iI' 

Turn  commune  utUe  topctie.    Between 

each  word  are  introduced  branched  orna- 
ments, according  to  a  fashion  much  used 
about  1400,  whilst  the  seal  before  de- 
scribed may  probably  be  assigned  to  an 
earlier  date.  It  is  singular  that  Edmond- 
son  states  in  his  Heraldry,  published  in 


1780,  that  he  had  applied  in  vain  to  the 
corporation  of  Droitwich  for  their  muni- 
cipal insignia,  and  had  been  unable  to  pro- 
cure either  a  blazon  or  description  of  the 
town  seal.  Nash  (Hist,  of  Wore.  vol.  i. 
p.  300)  gives  representations  of  two  seals 
of  Droitwich,  one  of  them  apparently 
identical  with  that  exhibited  at  Bristol ; 
and  he  adds  some  account  of  the  process 
of  making  salt,  as  also  of  the  use  of  the 
**  barrows.''  I  am  unable,  at  present,  to 
explain  the  origin  of  the  bearings  dis- 
played on  this  seal,  and  hope  that  some 
one  of  your  correspondents,  versed  in 
heraldic  lore,  may  supply  the  desired  in- 
formation. Nash,  citing  the  Habingdon 
MSS.  informs  us  that  in  the  windows  of 
St.  Andrew's  church,  Droitwich,  were 
formerly,  amongst  other  arms,  Gules,  two 
lions  passant  or,  (Pedwardyn)  and  Chequy 
arg.  and  sa.  quartering  Gules,  two  bar- 
rows, the  old  arms  of  the  corporation. 
I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  an  impres- 
sion of  the  corporation  seal  now  in  use  at 
Droitwich,  but  it  is  described  as  resem- 
bling that  shewn  at  Bristol ;  and  in  Burke's 
General  Armory  the  '*  corporation  seal  '* 
is  described  as  presenting  the  same  arms 
and  legend  found  upon  that  matrix,  with 
the  exception  only  that  the  name  of  the 
town  is  given  by  Burke  as  **  Wytche," 
instead  of  Wychie.  The  seal  of  the  statute 
merchant  of  Droitwich  is,  as  he  states, 
Checquy  argent  and  sable,  impaling  Gules, 
two  barrows  or. 

Possibly  some  of  your  readers  may  sup- 
ply a  clue  to  trace  the  other  seal,  which 
had  passed  out  of  the  custody  of  the  cor- 
poration previously  to  1795.  It  has  been 
conjectured  that  the  seal  which  came  into 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Serjeant  Ludlow 
may  have  been  part  of  the  tpolia  di^eeta, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  Municipal  Reform. 
Yours,  &c.        Albe«t  Wat. 


Bishop  Burnet's  attendance  at  the  death-bed  of  Rochester. 


Springfield,  near  Chelmsford, 
Mr.  Urban, — In  page  138  of  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  August,  we  are 
told  that  Bishop  Burnet  attended  at  the 
death-beds  of  Rochester,  and  Mrs.  Ro- 
berts, and  the  great  Lord  Russell,  &c. 

I  have  a  copy  of  *'  The  Fair  Warnings 
to  a  Careless  World,"  by  Josiah  Wood- 
ward, D.D.,  in  which  there  is  a  print  re- 
presenting the  Earl  of  Rochester  lying  in 
his  bed,  a  penitent  and  dying  man,  and 
Dr.  Burnet  kneeling  beside  Mm,  the  ac- 
count of  which  will  be  found  in  pages  112 
to  115.* 


From  **  The  Polyanthea,  a  collection  of 
literary  anecdotes,"  the  author  of  which  I 
do  not  know,  I  extract,  **  See  passages  of 
his  life  (Rochester's)  said  to  be  written 
by  his  direction  on  his  death-bed,  by 
Oilberi  Burnet.  This,  I  have  some  reaion 
to  believe,  is  a  lie  of  that  Scotch  rascal :" 
— certainly  a  summary  way  of  settling  the 
question.  Can  any  of  your  correspondent! 
inform  me  who  is  the  writer  of  The  Po- 
lyanthea ? 

J*  A*  K« 


*  Mine  is  the  4th  edition,  1736,  and  in  the  print  is  a  representation  of  a  large  taih- 
window.  What  is  the  date  of  the  first  edition  and  has  it  the  print  ?  A  laah-window  wti 
hardly  known  so  early  as  1680,  when  Rochester  died. 


390 


Correspondence  of  St^lvanue  Urban. 


[Oct 


Birthplace  of  Browne  the  eminent  Eno&aysr. 


Mr.  Urban, — On  referring  to  Bryan's 
Dictionary  of  Painters,  &c.  and  also  to 
Rose's  New  General  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, I  find  the  place  and  year  of  birth 
of  the  late  John  Browne,  the  eminent 
landscape  engraver  (pupil  of  the  celebrated 
William  WooUett  and  associate  of  the 
Royal  Academy),  stated  to  have  been  at 
Oxford  in  1719.  Will  you  be  good  enough 
to  point  out  that  this  is  a  mistake.  He 
was  bom  at  Finchingiield,  in  the  county 
of  Essex,  in  the  house  of  his  grandfather, 
the  Rev.  Wm.  Paske,  vicar  of  that  parish, 
on  the  36th  April,  1742,  six  months  after 


the  decease  of  his  father  the  Rer.  John 
Browne,  rector  of  Booton,  in  the  ooiintj 
of  Norfolk. 

For  memoirs  of  John  Browne,  lee 
Gentleman's  Magaiinefor  Peoember,  1801, 
page  1149,  and  European  Magazine  tor 
October,  1801,  page  246;  (lie  latter  ooa- 
tains  a  correct  list  of  his  prints,  tttre 
in  one  particular,  vis.  fbr  Shakspere't 
*<As  You  like  it,"  read  Shakqiere'a 
« Merchant  of  Venice."  See  also  Bio- 
graphical Sketches  of  eminent  Artisti,  bj 
John  Gould,  published  some  Tpan  sinee. 

Wm .  Gio.  Bbowmb. 


Bobbuet's  Letter  on  the  death  of  Henrietta  Duchbbb  or  Oblsanb. 


Cork,  Sept.  1851. 
Mr.  Urban, — The  Gentleman's  Ma- 
gazine for  the  present  month  did  not 
reach  our  library  until  this  day,  when  I 
read,  at  p.  289,  your  correspondent  B.'s 
reply  to  my  remarks  on  Bossuet's  letter, 
which  appeared  in  the  previous  number. 
I  thence  learn  that  your  correspondent  did 
not,  as  his  words  appeared  to  me  to  imply, 
mistake  the  Duke  of  Orleans  for  the  Prince 
of  Condd ;  and  also  that  the  English  am- 
bassador at  the  time  of  the  dac]'r?88's 
death  was  of  the  junior,  and  now  long 
extinct,  branch  of  the  ducal  Montagus, 
and  not,  as  I  conceived,  of  the  head,  or 
Manchester  line,  to  which  my  strictures 
referred.  So  far,  therefore,  he  was  correct, 
as  I  hasten  to  acknowledge, — while  my 
further  animadversions  stand  good. 


The  personal  cursory  anecdotca  in« 
troduced  by  me  are  Burely  not  ovt  of 
place,  as  they  all  relate  to  direct  acentB 
on  the  melancholy  occasion,  and  areorlif 
in  recital ;  while  he  commitB  the  fault  mi- 
advisedly  imputed  to  me  of  blending  ei- 
traneous  matter  with  the  subject,  by  what 
he  calls  the  persecution  of  F^^Ion  by 
Bossuet,  which  has  no  conneetion  what* 
soever  with  the  questioiu  The  name  of 
the  former  most  amiable  and  distinguiihed 
prelate  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  letteri 
like  those  adverted  to  by  me.  In  fact,  ho 
had  not,  at  the  period,  passed  hii  teeoBf 
and  was  a  student  at  tiie  Seminary  of  Bt» 
Sulpice.  As  for  my  own  mitconceptioB, 
above  avowed,  I  may  be  allowed  to  aay 
— "  Nemo  impnne  seneacit.*' 

Jambb  Boohb. 


Further  Information  about  the  Relics  of  Elizabeth  ot  Bohbhia 

AT  Heidelberg. 


Mr.  Urban, — Before  I  leave  Heidel- 
berg I  have  a  few  words  more  to  tell  you 
about  the  relics  of  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia, 
which  I  mentioned  in  my  last,  and  first  of 
all  I  will  recur  to  what  is  termed  her 
Prayer  Book. 

It  is  a  small  MS.  volume  of  about  4^- 
inches  by  6^,  containing  about  86  pages, 
and  bound  in  parchment.  It  has  always 
been  received,  both  here  and  at  Rome, 
whither  it  was  sent  with  other  MSS. 
from  the  same  library,  as  being  in  the 
actual  handwriting  of  Elizabeth.  It  is 
in  the  German  written  character,  and 
clearly  a  woman*s  hand.  It  has  been 
examined  in  my  presence  by  a  gentleman 
well  skilled  in  German  and  now  resident 
at  Heidelberg,  and  he  reports  it  to  be  a 
prose  translation  of  certain  selected  Psalms 
made  either  by  the  writer  or  by  some  one 
for  her,  as  they  are  not  in  verbal  corre- 
spondence with  jkhe  best  known  Gkrman 
versions.  He  says  the  language  is  very 
good.    The  first  Psalm  selected  is  the  9tl^ 


then  the  18th,  34th,  56th,  66th,  73rd, 
85th,  106th,  130th,  130th,  ld5th,  138th. 
Last  of  all  is  another  Pkahn  (the  108th) 
written  in  quite  another  hand,  but  also  in 
German. 

Any  one  who  will  be  at  the  trouble  of 
examining  these  Psalms  will  see  how  com- 
pletely they  coincide  with  the  poeitloii  of 
the  too  ambitious  and  unfortunate  Qaeen* 
From  the  quiver  of  David  she  has  selected 
some  sharp  arrows.  After  the  fuhioa  of 
the  Protestant  leaders  of  the  day  she  takea 
to  herself  "  the  right  and  the  causa,"  and 
the  opposing  host  is  ever  the  host  of  tfM 
heathen.  The  deep  sorrows  of  the  af- 
flicted monarch  are  also  made  her  own* 
As  in  the  56th,  '*  Be  mereiftil  nnto  mCi 
O  God,  for  man  would  fwallow  me  up." 
Again,  when  light  dawned  for  a  short  period 
on  her  broken  fortunes,  how  natural  to 
apply  the  words  of  the  85th,  "  Lord,  thoa 
hast  been  favourable  to  thy  land.  Hie 
Lord  shall  rive  us  that  which  is  good : 
and  our  land  shall  yield  her  Increaae. 


»r 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


391 


Alas!  how  soon  overclouded.  ''  Oat 
of  the  depths  have  I  cried  unto  thee,  O 
Lord.»'  (130th.) 

Throughout  it  is  a  collection  oi  national 
prayers  and  national  thanksgivings. 

And  now  a  word  or  two  about  *'  The 
Teares   of  Time,"   by   Thomas  Kybe//, 
whose  name  you  have  mis-spelt  in  the 
Mag.  for  September  (p.  286),  as  Thomas 
Kybe//.     It  is  a  little  MS.  volume  about 
b^  inches  by  9)  bound  in  black  velvet. 
The  MS.  has  been  written  with  ink  which 
has  corroded  the  paper  wherever  lines 
have  been  ruled,  so  that  the  poems  are 
now  almost  all  on  separate  slips.     Pre- 
fixed to  the  volume  is  the  following  dedi- 
cation to  Elizabeth's  husband. 
"  To  the  high  and  mighty  Prince  Frederick 
the  fifth,  by  the  grace  of  God 
Counte  Palatine  of  the  Rheyne, 
Duke  of  Bavaria,  Elector  and 
Archsewer  of  the  sacred  Ro- 
man Empire  and  in  vacan- 
cy of  the  same  vicar  there- 
of, Tho:  Kybbett  sa- 
crificeth  this  new 


borne  babe  of  his 

industry,  wishing  a  place  of  less  sorrowe 

and  more  happines  vnto  your  princely  telfe 

and  progeny/' 

Then  follow  three  dedicatory  stansas, 

the  first  beginning, 

"  Great  patron  of  my  muse  and  of  my  verse." 

It  may  be  inferred  from  the  terms  of 
the  dedication  that  Thomas  Kybett  was 
not  an  altogether  unpractised  author.  I 
shall  trust  that  you  or  some  of  your  cor- 
respondents will  be  kind  enough  to  tell 
me  on  my  return  to  England  who  and 
what  he  was,  and  whether  this  poem  has 
ever  been  published.  It  will  be  observed 
that  in  his  dedication  he  does  not  term 
the  Elector  King  of  Bohemia — perhaps 
the  title  had  then  been  dropped. 

Yours,  &c.  T. 

[We  regret  that  we  are  not  able  to 
answer  our  correspondent's  inquiry  re- 
specting Thomas  Kybett.  If  any  of  oar 
readers  can  do  so  we  shall  be  happy  to 
receive  a  communicatioa  upon  the  sub- 
ject.— Edit.] 


Another  Library  Relic  of  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  temporary  mu- 
seum of  the  Archaeological  Institute  at 
Bristol,  Mr.  Kerslake,  the  bookseller  of 
that  city,  exhibited  a  copy  of  Sir  Walter 
Raleigh's  History  of  the  World,  printed 
in  folio,  1614,  which  is  interesting  from 
the  manuscript  memorials  which  it  con- 
tains of  its  former  ownership  by  Elizabeth 
Queen  of  Bohemia,  the  daughter  of  King 
James  the  First,  and  grandmother  of  King 
George  the  First.  The  royal  arms  of 
England  are  stamped  on  its  leather  sides. 
No  inscription  marks  the  Queen's  pos- 
session of  the  book ;  but  its  loss  on  her 
flight  from  Prague  is  recorded  by  the  two 
following  inscriptions  made  by  a  Jesuit 
named  Henry  Fitz-Simon,  who  appears 
to  have  been  attached  to  the  imperial 
army. 

On  the  engraved  title : — 

Liber  Don  Gulielmi  Verdugo  Trichi- 
liarchae,  Frederici  Palatini  a  solio  detur- 
batoris,  teste  Henrico  FitzSimon  soc^'. 
Jesu  oculato  Anno  1620.  8.  Nouembris. 


On  the  preface  page  : — 

Ex  libris  Elizabeths,  palatini  co^juge, 
prsetensse  Reginse  Bohemise,  pro  derelictis 
prse  festinationeomissis.  Henr.  Fitzsimon 
soc**'  Jesu.  ^ 

It  was  still  at  Prague  in  the  year  1638» 
as  recorded  at  the  foot  of  the  engraved 
title  by  its  then  owner  : — 

Liffir  Mathieu  philipe  de  Bourgoing  a 
prag  le  28  May  anno  1638. 

In  1648,  having  come  into  the  poises- 
sion  of  Johann  Klee,  he  determined  to  re- 
turn it  to  the  Queen,  and  replaced  it  with 
the  following  inscription  in  the  hands  of 
her  son  John  Philip. 

Anno  1648  die  10.  7'bris  hunc  Librum 
ab  hoste  Pragse  in  arce  recuperavit  M. 
Johannes  Klee,  quem  qvamprimum  potero 
Celsissimse  regime  rescituere  decrevi. 
Restitutum  £;  illustrissimo  Principi  ao 
Domino,  D'no  Johanni  Philippo,  'Fride- 
rici  regis  Bohemise  p.  m.  filio,  D'no  meo 
clementissimo. 

Yours,  &c,    J.  G.  N. 


Decay  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  Popularity  after  the  Execution  of  Essex. 


Mr.  Urban, — That  Queen  Elizabeth 
buried  her  own  and  her  people*s  affec- 
tions in  the  grave  of  the  unfortunate  Essex, 
is  a  statement  made  in  express  terms  by 
Osborn,  in  No.  24  of  his  Miscellany  of 
Memoirs.  The  correspondent  of  the  Scotch 
King  (as  may  be  seen  in  Birch's  Memoirs, 
II.  510),  discusses  with  his  master  the 
policy  of  keeping  on  good  terms  with  the 
queen,  or  of  breaking  with  her,  and  so 


seeking  popularity  with  the  people  of 
England.  He  recommends,  indeed,  the 
former,  and  more  moderate  course,  because 
he  supposes  that  the  people  were  still  at 
heart  attached  to  the  queen,  though  now 
alienated  by  the  recent  loss  of  their 
favourite,  Essex  ;  and,  moreover,  discon- 
tented at  the  increase  of  monopolies. 
The  queen  seems  never  to  have  recovered 
her  popularity  or  her  power.    In  her  last 


392 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


[Oct. 


parliament,  assembled  soon  after  the  death 
of  Essex,  we  find  these  discontents  break- 
ing oat,  in  spite  of  all  the  eiforts  of  the 
speaker  to  silence  the  members  belonging 
to  the  country  party  ;  and  though  Eliza- 
beth, by  a  well-timed  promise  to  put  an 
end  to  the  grievance  of  monopolies,  calmed 
the  storm  that  was  beginniug  to  rise  in 
the  breasts  of  her  faithful  commons,  and 
they  voted  a  liberal  supply  of  money, 
with  such  expressions  of  gratitude  as  have 
seldom  been  addressed  to  a  mortal,  even 
by  a  speaker  of  the  house  of  commons  to 
the  most  dread  sovereign,  yet  many  re- 
garded the  queen  with  feelings  of  exaspe- 
ration and  distrust — feelings  which  were 
manifested  in  public  and  in  private.  After 
the  death  of  Essex  her  ministers  had  been 
hooted  by  the  populace  ;  and  in  the  short 
session  of  the  parliament  that  was  sum- 
moned soon  after,  there  were  men  bold 
enough  to  give  plain  utterance  to  the 
complaints  of  the  country.  The  debates 
in  this  parliament  have  been  recorded  by 
Townsbend,  who  was  himself  a  member. 
A  MS.  volume  of  his  Historical  Collec- 
tions, (printed,  Lond.  fol.  1680)  is  pre- 
served in  tbe  library  of  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  containing  the  subjoined  ac- 
count of  an  occurrence  which  is  omitted 
out  of  the  printed  book,  and  does  not  ap- 


pear to  have  been  noticed  by  the  other 
historians  of  her  reign.  It  is  at  the  end 
of  the  volume,  in  the  hand  of  Townsbend, 
who  was  present  at  the  disflolation:  he 
writes, 

**  Memorand.  as  the  qneene  came  oat 
of  the  parliament  house  amonge  the 
comons,  verie  fewe  said,  Gk>d  bleue  year 
Ma*'«,  &c.  as  in  all  assemblies  they  were 
wont ;  and  when  she  came  by  tbe  speaker 
shee  only  offerred  him  her  hand  to  kisse, 
and  went  by ;  and  the  presse  beinge  great, 
and  the  roome  she  was  to  patse  not  above 
a  yard  in  breadth,  shee  stood  still,  and 
with  her  band  she  bade  make  more  room, 
and  the  gentlemen  ushers  said  Make  more 
roome  behinde  ;  to  which  one  behinde 
answered  aloud,  *  By  God,  I  can  make  no 
more  if  you  would  hang  mee  ; '  which 
doubtless  the  queen  might  hear,  it  was  so 
loud  spoken,  for  I  stood  next  her  and 
heard  it ;  but  shee  looked  that  way  from 
whence  it  was  spoken  very  8temely»  and 
said  not  one  word,  but  went  presently 
through.*' 

This  paragraph  leaves  a  very  different 
impression  on  the  mind  from  that  pro- 
duced by  Hume's  highly  coloured  ac- 
count of  the  close  of  this  parliament. 

Yoors,  &c.     C. 


Original  unpublished  Letter  of  Bernard  Barton. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  the  following  letter 
the  Quaker  Poet  makes  a  proposal  which, 
I  believe,  was  never  accepted.  The  diffi- 
culties which  he  foresaw  were  probably 
found  insuperable.  It  is  pity  that  the 
Quakers  should,  in  great  measure,  deprive 
themselves  of  that  elevation  of  sentiment 
and  feeling  which  all  other  people  have 
derived  from  the  perusal  of  works  of 
poetry.  Even  Bernard  Barton  himself 
was,  I  believe,  regarded  by  the  severest 
of  them  with  something  like  contempt, 
because  **  a  verse-man." 

Yours,  &c.     J.  B,  N. 

*'  To  William   Phillips,   BookseUer, 
George  Yard,  Lombard  Street. 

"  Woodbridgc,  11  mo.  14,  1814. 

**  Esteemed  friend, — In  sitting  down 
to  make  the  proposition  which  1  am  about 
to  submit  to  thee,  I  shall  not  be  guilty  of 
making  such  additional  claim  on  thy  time 
as  a  long  string  of  apologies  would  imply, 
but  shall  proceed  to  the  point  at  once — 
trusting  to  thy  kindness  to  excuse  the 
freedom  of  this. 

*'  I  have  long  thought  of  employing  a 
portion  of  my  leisure  in  making  a  com- 
pilation of  poetry  from  approved  authors 
for  the  perusal  of  members  of  our  society. 
I  hove  by  me  a  set  of  the  British  Poets 
from  Chaucer  to  Blackwell,  inclusive; 
7 


and,  although  there  is,  thoa  art  aware, 
much  trash  in  the  tout  ememble,  yet  there 
is  also  much  that  is  excellent,  of  which 
many  members  of  our  society  are  probably 
not  aware.  1  do  not  propose  to  be  glided 
entirely  by  my  own  judgment  in  my  selec- 
tion, but  to  consult  the  more  matare 
opinion  of  my  uncle  S.  A.  [Samuel 
Alexander]  whom  I  shall  request  to  exer- 
cise a  discretionary  veto  on  every  article. 

"  Although  1  have  made  this  proposi- 
tion to  thee,  thou  art  doabtless  as  free  to 
reject  it  as  I  am  to  make  it,  if  it  appear 
to  thee  unlikely  to  answer.  I  should 
hardly  presume  to  give  an  opinion  on  a 
subject  whereon  that  opinion  may  perhaps 
have  no  value,  but  I  cannot  avoid  obserr- 
ing  that  I  think  such  a  selection  as  I  con- 
template would  meet  with  a  very  ready 
sale  among  the  circle  for  whose  perusal  jt 
is  principally  intended.  I  am  well  aware 
of  the  difficulty  of  selecting  Poems  per- 
fectly unexceptionable  to  Friends,  Imt  I 
still  think  it  may  be  done  s  neither  do  I  by 
any  means  think  that  Richard  Barclay  or 
Lindley  Murray  have  exhausted  the  stock. 
That  noble  poem,  for  instance,  Boyce's 
*•  Deity  "  is  hardly  known,  even  by  title, 
to  half  the  readers  of  modern  poetry  ;  and 
numbers  of  others,  devotional  and  do- 
scriptive,  might  be  referred  to. 

*'  I  shall  be  pleased  to  receive  a  few 


1851.] 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


393 


lines  from  thee  on  the  matter  when  it  may 
suit  thy  convenience. 

"  Excuse  errors,  if  there  happen  to  be 
any,  as  1  have  a  little  girl  at  my  elbow  who 
is  reading  out,  and  frequently  interrupts 
mc  by  her  claims  on  my  attention. 

*•  Present  my  most  friendly  reniem< 
brances  to  thy  daughter  Mary  ;  the  recol- 
lection of  the  few  hours  I  spent  with  her 
in  Suffolk  has  of  late  been  clouded  by  the 


accounts  I  have  received  of  her  health. 
Few  things  could  give  me  more  pleasure 
than  to  hear  there  is  a  probability  of  her 
being  preserved  to  those  friends  who  from 
knowing  so  much  more  of  her  than  I  can 
be  supposed  to  do,  must  be  proportionably 
anxious  for  the  prolongation  of  a  life  so 
valuable. 

"  Thy  sincere,  though  almost  unknown 
friend,  *<  Bernard  Barton." 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Discoveries  in  the  Catacombs  under  Rome,  and  liberality  of  the  French  Government  in  refer- 
ence to  the  Collections  of  M.  Ferret,  to  the  resumption  of  Excavations  in  Assyria,  and  the 
removal  to  Paris  of  the  contents  of  a  Temple  of  Serapis,  near  Memphis— Death  of  Benjamin 
Gibson,  Esq.— Eminent  Foreign  Antiquaries  recently  in  London— Mr.  BelFs  series  of  Tracts 
—Provision  affecting  the  succession  to  the  Bridgewater  Estates. 


We  learn  from  the  last  number  of  the 
Revue  des  Deux  Mnndes  that  the  French 
government  has  lately  made  a  literary  ac- 
quisition of  no  ordinary  interest  and  value. 
A  French  gentleman  of  the  name  of  Ferret 
has  been  engaged  for  six  years  in  exploring 
THE  CATACOMBS  UNDER  RoME,  and  Copy- 
ing, with  the  most  minute  and  scrupulous 
fidelity,  the  remains  of  ancient  art  which 
are  hidden  in  those  extraordinary  chambers. 
Under  the  authority  of  the  papal  govern- 
ment, and  assisted  by  M.  Savinien  Petit,  an 
accomplished  French  artist,  M.  Ferret  has 
explored  the  whole  of  the  sixty  catacombs 
together  with  the  connecting  galleries. 
Burying  himself  for  five  years  in  this  sub- 
terranean  city,  he  has  thoroughly  examined 
every  part  of  it,  in  spite  of  difficulties  and 
perils  of  the  gravest  character :  for  ex- 
ample, the  refusal  of  his  guides  to  accom- 
pany him ;  dangers  resulting  from  the 
intricacy  of  the  passages,  from  the  neces- 
sity for  clearing  a  way  through  galleries 
choked  up  with  earth  which  fell  in  from 
above  almost  as  fast  as  it  was  removed ; 
hazards  arising  from  the  difficulty  of  dam- 
ming up  streams  of  water  which  ran  in 
upon  them  from  above,  and  from  the  foul- 
ness of  the  air  and  consequent  difficulty 
of  breathing  and  preserving  light  in  the 
lower  chambers ; — all  these  and  many  other 
perils  have  been  overcome  by  the  honour- 
able perseverance  of  M.  Ferret,  and  he 
has  returned  to  France  with  a  collection 
of  drawings  which  extends  to  360  sheets 
in  large  folio,  of  which  154  sheets  contain 
representations  of  frescoes,  65  of  monu- 
ments, 2'i  of  paintings  on  glass  (medal- 
lions inserted  in  the  walls  and  at  the 
bottoms  of  vases)  containing  86  subjects, 
41  drawings  of  lamps,  vases,  rings,  and 
instruments  of  martyrdom  to  the  number  of 
more  than  100  subjects,  and  finally  90  con- 
tain copies  of  more  than  500  sepulchral  in- 
Gent.  Mao,  Vol.  XX\VI, 


scriptions.  Of  the  154  drawings  of  frescoes 
two-thirds  are  inedited,  and  a  consider- 
able number  have  been  only  lately  disco- 
vered. Amongst  the  latter  are  the  paint- 
ings on  the  celebrated  wells  of  Platonia, 
said  to  have  been  the  place  of  interment, 
for  a  certain  period,  of  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul.  This  spot  was  ornamented  with 
frescoes  by  order  of  Pope  Damasus,  about 
A.D.  365,  and  has  ever  since  remained 
closed  up.  Upon  opening  the  empty 
tomb,  by  permission  of  the  Roman  goyem- 
ment,  M.  Ferret  discovered  fresco  paint- 
ings representing  the  Saviour  and  the 
Apostles,  and  two  coffins  [tombeaux],  of 
Parian  marble. 

On  the  return  of  M.  Ferret  to  France, 
the  minister  of  the  interior  (M.  Leon 
Faucher)  entered  into  treaty  with  him  for 
the  acquisition  of  his  collection  for  the 
nation.  The  purchase  has  been  arranged, 
and  the  necessary  amount,  upwards  of 
7,500/.  obtained  by  a  special  vote  of  the 
National  Assembly.  The  drawings  will 
be  published  by  the  French  government 
in  a  style  commensurate  with  their  high 
importance,  both  as  works  of  art  and  as 
invaluable  monuments  of  Christian  anti- 
quity. 

M.  Leon  Faucher  has  also  obtained 
grants  from  the  assembly  for  the  resump- 
tion of  excavations  at  Nineveh ;  the  re  • 
newed  excavations  to  be  directed  by  M. 
Place,  the  successor  of  M.  Botta  as  French 
consul  at  Mosul ;  also  for  fitting  out  a 
scientific  expedition  to  be  despatched  into 
Assyria  to  complete  the  discoveries  re- 
cently made  in  that  part  of  the  world ; 
and  for  clearing  out  a  Temple  of  Serapis, 
discovered  in  the  environs  of  Memphis  by 
M.  Mariette,  and  conveying  to  Paris  the 
statues  and  works  of  art  which  it  contains* 

We  are  delighted  to  record  such  evi- 
dences of  a  real  feeling  of  respect  for  sub* 

3E 


1861.] 


MUeellaneous  Reviews. 


895 


by  Lord  Alford.    The  plaintiff  had  there- 
fore an  interest  in  the  settlement  being 
made  to  secure  his  rights,  whatever  they 
might  be,  under  the  latter  proviso.     Was 
then  this  proviso  valid  or  not  ?     He  was 
clearly  of  opinion  that  it  was  valid.     It 
was  not  impossible  that  Earl  Brownlow 
should  be  made  Duke  or   Marquess  of 
Bridgewater.      It  was  certainly  not   in 
his  power  or  in   that  of  the   plaintiff; 
but  neither  was  it  in  the  power  of  a  mar> 
ried  man  to  marry  another  woman,  and 
yet  he  might  be  able  to  do  so,  surviving 
his  wife  ;  and  such  a  condition  was  stated 
by  Chief  Baron  Comyn  to  be  good.  ,  If 
the  condition  was  not  impossible,  was  it 
contrary  to  public  policy,  as  tending  to 
influence  the  Crown  unduly  to  confer  or 
withhold  honours  ?   He  (Lord  Cranworth) 
thought  not.    The  power  of  the  Crown  to 
grant  such  a  dignity  was  undoubted,  and 
it  must  be  presumed  that  it  would  be  ex- 
ercised in  a  just  and  fitting  manner,  with- 
out reference  to  interests  which  might  be 
collaterally  affected.     It  had  been  aigued 
that  the  condition  might  embarasi  the 
Crown,  who  might  desire  to  grant  the  title 
to  some  other  subject,  or  to  grant  some 
other  title  to  Lord  Alford  for  a  signsl 
service.  But  no  weight  could  be  attributed 
to  such  suggestions ;  it  must  be  presumed 
that  the  Crown  would  do  what  was  right. 
It  was  also  argued  that  the  proviso  might 


tend  to  induce  Lord  Alford  to  use  corrupt 
means  to  obtain  the  title  in  question  ;  but 
to  hold  this  would  be  to  say  that  such 
means  were  the  necessary  steps  to  the  ob- 
jects in  view.  Prim6.  facie  it  must  be 
supposed  that  such  a  condition  would  in- 
fluence to  good  conduct,  and  not  to  acting 
dishonourably.  A  devise  to  a  son  if  he 
enter  holy  orders  was  a  common  case,  and 
yet  it  was  not  impossible  that  he  might 
obtain  the  object  siraoniacally,  but  such  a 
possibility  could  never  affect  the  validity 
of  a  devise.  The  case  of  the  Earl  qf 
Kingtton  v.  Pierrepont,  where  10,000/. 
was  given  to  procure  a  dukedom,  was  an 
evident  intention  to  apply  the  money  un- 
lawfully, and  was  held  void  ;  but  this  did 
not  apply  to  the  present  case.  On  the 
whole,  he  was  of  opinion  that  the  proviso 
carrying  back  the  estate  to  the  heirs  male 
of  the  late  Lord  Alford,  in  case  Earl 
Brownlow  should  attain  the  dignity  of 
Duke  or  Marquess  of  Bridgewater  within 
the  stipulated  limitation,  was  a  valid  pro- 
viso, and  that  the  plaintiff,  though  he  had 
no  estate  in  possession,  had  a  remote 
possibility  of  interest,  which  prevented 
his  bill  from  being  demurrable.  The  de- 
murrers must,  therefore,  be  overruled  | 
costs  to  be  costs  in  the  canse.-»It  was  un- 
derstood that  the  case  would  be  carried  to 
the  House  of  Lords  by  appeal. 


MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


On  the  reciprocal  Ageneiea  qfMind  and 
Matter  on  Insanity ;  being  the  Lumleian 
Lectures  delivered  at  the  Royal  College  qf 
Physicians  in  1 85 1 .  JBy  John  Carr  Badeley, 
esq,  M,D,  890.  1851.— What  would  only 
be  a  positive  duty  in  a  magazine  of  medical 
science,  to  give  to  the  public  some  notice 
of  this  very  elegant  and  philosophical 
work,  becomes  almost  a  presumption  in 
us,  whose  pursuits  and  studies  are  of  a 
different,  and  we  may  say  of  a  humbler, 
kind ;  but  our  purpose  is  rather  to  give  a 
succinct  view  of  the  author's  argument, 
and  to  follow  his  footsteps,  than  to  ad- 
vance anything  of  our  own;  while  our 
readers  will  not  be  displeased  at  seeing  a 
couple  of  pages  occupied  in  pointing  out 
the  merits  of  a  treatise  in  which  the  argu- 
mentation and  philosophical  portions  are 
so  lucidly  unfolded  and  so  pleasingly 
illustrated  as  to  impart  pleasure  and 
instruction  to  those  who  cannot  enter 
professionally  into  the  depths  of  the 
subject ;  but  who  feel  reliance  enough  on 
the  author  to  be  satisfied  that  the  re- 
sMlts  of  hif  inquiriety  which  he  lays  be- 


fore them,  have  been  built  on  ezteii* 
sive  knowledge,  accurate  reasoning,  and 
careful  investigation.  The  first  lecture 
opens  on  the  great  mysterious  subject  of 
the  action  of  the  mind  on  its  material 
companion  the  body,  which  is  effected 
through  the  brain,  the  "  arz  mentis,"  the 
great  citadel  and  storehouse  of  the  nervoui 
system,  and  by  it  sent  through  its  various 
channels  distributed  through  the  body; 
but  how  the  mind  is  to  act  on  matter,  and 
how  they  are  to  be,  as  it  were,  transferred 
into  one  and  the  same  element,  becomes 
the  question  that  from  the  earliest  timet 
has  eluded  the  subtle,  baflled  the  profound, 
and  driven  the  ablest  inquirers  to  be  satis- 
fied with  some  supposed  power  analogous 
to  those  forces,  which  though  material  in 
essence  are  invisible  in  form,  which  possess 
immense  power  without  the  exhibition  of 
exertion  in  using  it,  and  therefore  afford 
the  nearest  illustration  to  the  mental 
agency  on  corporeal  substance.  What 
Dr.  Badeley  says  on  this  head,  regarding 
the  powers  of  galvanism  and  electricity, 
was  read  by  us  with  the  greatest  interest, 


396 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Oct 


and  with  a  belief  that  a  field  of  discovery 
may  be  opening  on  us  on  those  points 
which,  though  far  short  of  the  final  result, 
which  we  feel  is  not  to  be  disclosed  to 
mortal  vision,  yet  will  probably  be  most 
rich  in  practical  utility,  and  serve  also  to 
add  a  fresh  and  important  link  to  that 
chain  which  is  binding  together  in  one 
harmonious  circle  the  various  branches  of 
science,  and  bringing  with  a  rapidity  that 
defies  calculation  the  remotest  powers  of 
nature  to  act  on  each  other.  How  won- 
derful to  think  that  that  magnetic  power 
which  is  concealed  by  nature  somewhere 
in  the  dark  and  remote  recesses  of  her 
gigantic  laboratory,  or  those  electric  lights 
which  flash  and  glitter  over  the  solitudes 
of  the  Polar  snows,  may  be  brought  by 
the  power  of  man  to  act  so  on  the  trem- 
bling sensibilities  of  the  human  nerves 
as  to  excite  sensations  and  powers  and 
emotions  unfelt  before  ;  to  give  new  con- 
sciousness to  the  brain,  a  keener  percep- 
tion to  the  eye,  and  a  richer  and  warmer 
glow  of  feeling  to  the  heart — may  add 
fresh  tenderness  to  the  lover's  passion,  a 
brighter  eloquence  to  the  orator's  declama- 
tion, and  a  finer  invention  to  the  poet^s 
genius.  This  first  lecture  proceeds  to 
unfold  the  action  of  the  nervous  affections 
in  their  various  forms  and  phases,  as  in 
hysteria,  hypocondriasis,  somnambulism, 
and  in  the  various  leading  passions  of  the 
mind,  giving  instances  most  curious  and 
most  affecting  of  their  extraordinary  mani- 
festations, of  their  unexpected  variations, 
and  of  their  fatal  consequences.  The  second 
lecture  carries  on  the  subject  into  the  con- 
sideration of  insanity,  whether  arising  from 
functional  disorder  or  diseased  structure ; 
and  these  most  important,  most  affect- 
ing, and  most  able  disquisitions  are  con- 
tinued also  to  the  termination  of  the 
course.  \Vc  believe  that  Dr.  Badeley  has 
laid  before  us,  though  in  a  short  compass, 
whatever  in  later  days  the  progress  of 
science  has  effected  in  the  investigation  of 
the  disease — in  the  various  shapes  it  as- 
sumes—in the  modes  of  treatment  that 
have  been  most  successful  — in  the  strange 
and  delusive  changes  of  the  disease— and 
in  the  various  indications  which  may  lead 
the  observer  to  form  a  correct  judgment 
on  the  case.  How  remarkable  are  those  por- 
tions treating  on  the  subject  of  monomania 
— on  lunar  influence — on  the  proportion  of 
male  and  female  patients — and  on  the  ef- 
fects of  the  passions  !  and  we  may  add  to 
these,  the  effect  of  the  siudiet  and  pursuits 
on  the  mental  powers  ;  and  here  we  think 
Dr.  Badeley  has  not  quoted  a  passage  in  Dr. 
Conolly's  work  in  which  he  mentions  the 
curious  fact,  that  of  literary  pertont  who 
came  under  his  notice,  and  whose  cases 
are  recorded  by  him  in  his  Statistics  of 


Insanity,  almost  all  are  of  that  dasi  whoie 
genius  and  taste  lead  to  the  cultivation  of 
the  imagination  and  fancy  —  is  poets, 
painters,  musicians  ;  —  the  enthoaiastic 
artist,  the  romantic  poet,  the  inhabitant 
of  the  ideal  worlds,  the  creator  of  forma 
and  beings  far  exalted  above  the  cold 
realities  of  nature,  and  holding  no  com- 
munion with  those  who  live  beyond  that 
bright  and  enchanted  circle  in  which  they 
alone  exist. 

We  said  reluctantly  at  the  outset  of  this 
article,  that  we  could  do  little  more — ^partly 
from  want  of  sufficient  knowledge  of  the 
subject,  partly  from  want  of  space  in  a 
Magazine  like  ours,  appropriated  chiefly 
to  subjects  of  a  different  kind — than  men- 
tion that  such  lectures  have  been  written 
and  delivered,  and  that  in  them  the  very 
important  subject  is  most  ably  discussed 
— and  here  we  should  have  perforce 
laid  down  our  pen ;  but  we  wish  before 
we  close,  to  say  u  few  words  to  the  anther 
on  a  passage  in  p.  6  of  his  first  discourse. 
He  sayR,  *'  There  is  a  sect  of  idealists  of 
which  Bishop  Berkeley  and  Hume  were 
the  leaders;  Berkeley  indeed  so  warmlj 
embraced  his  vapid  theory  of  ideas  and 
perceptions  as  to  r^ect  the  very  esistence 
of  matter  altogether ;  but  as  Lord  Byron 
observed — 

When  Bishop  Berkeley  said  there  was  no 

matter, 
And  proved  it— 'twas  no  matter  what  he  said." 
Now  this  was  very  smart  in  the  noble  poet, 
but  the  Bishop's  theory  is  of  such  a  natare 
as  not  to  be  overthrown,  either  by  Lord 
Byron*s  pen,  or  by  Dr.  Johnson's  more 
practical  method  of  refutation.  Berkeley  in 
the  first  place  never  denied  the  existence 
of  bodies,  nor  doubted  whether  the  bodies 
which  are  seen  exist  or  not.  His  first 
principle  is — whatever  is  seen,  is.  To 
deny  or  doubt  of  this,  he  says,  at  once  un- 
qualifies a  man  for  the  part  of  a  philoso- 
pher :  his  inquiry  is  not  concerning  the 
ejcistence  qf  things ;  he  does  not  contend 
that  the  external  world  does  not  exist :  he 
is  persuaded  that  he  sees  all  bodies  just  ae 
other  folks  do  ;  and  that  the  visible  world 
seems  to  him  as  much  extant  and  indepen- 
dent as  to  other  people.  Again  he  says, 
"  Nothing  is  or  can  be  more  evident  than 
the  existence  of  bodies,  or  of  a  sensible 
world."  It  is  not  the  existence,  it  is  the 
extra  existence,  of  the  sensible  world  that 
he  argues  against.  "  The  single  existence 
of  the  visible  world,**  he  savs  again,  "  is 
a  point  which  is  not  capable  of  being 
doubted  of."  What  Berkeley  denied  was, 
**  that  being,  and  being  external,  was  the 
same  thing,"  and  further  **  that  an  object 
being  seen  as  external  is  a  proof  of  its 
being  external  "—he  is  content  to  gnuit 
"  that  there  may  be  such  a  thing  ae  «js 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


397 


iemal  maiter ;**  that  ''the  existence  of 
the  world  about  us  is  capable  of  the  most 
strict  and  evident  demonstration,  and 
nothing  but  our  own  existence  can  be 
supposed  to  be  more  simply  and  directly 
evident/^  Lastly,  a  "  man  would  not  be 
well  in  his  wits  who  could  seriously  enter- 
tain the  least  doubt  or  surprise  concerning 
the  existence  of  the  world  about  us." 
The  question  does  not  turn  at  all  "  on  the 
existence  of  matter/'  but  on  the  existence 
of  external  matter.  Such  are  Berkeley's 
opinions;  we  have  not  quoted  his  own 
words,  but  the  substance  is  precisely  the 
same  ;  and  that  such  inquiries  hardly  de- 
serve the  name  of  vapid f  we  think  will  be 
granted  on  second  thoughts  by  Dr.  Badeley 
himself,  when  we  add,that  a  great  authority 
(we  believe  Dugald  Stewart)  says,  "  Every 
eminent  metaphysician  has  begun  by 
doubting  the  existence  of  matter;"  and 
that  another  as  great  (we  mean  Sir  James 
Mackintosh)  calls  this  inquiry  "  the  touch- 
stone of  metaphysical  sagacity." 

Since  these  pages  were  written,  or  rather 
since  they  were  in  type,  ourselves  and  the 
public  have  to  lament  the  untimely  loss 
of  this  able  and  accomplished  physician — 
ereptus  mediis  annis. 

Some  Account  of  Domestic  Architec- 
ture in  England,  from  the  Conquest  to 
the  End  of  the  Thirteenth  Century,  with 
numerous  Illustrations  of  existing  Re- 
mains  from  Original  Drawings^  By 
T.  Hudson  Turner.  Oxford:  John  Henry 
Parker,  1 851 . — So  slight  and  casual  have 
hitherto  been  the  notices  of  the  Domestic 
Architecture  which  prevailed  in  England 
during  the  middle  ages,  that  the  great  ma- 
jority of  architectural  students  regard  both 
the  existing  remains  of  mediaeval  edifices, 
and  also  the  documents  appertaining  to 
them,  as  almost  exclusively  ecclesiastical. 
It  is  indeed  true,  that  the  relics  of  the  build- 
ings erected  for  domestic  purposes  by  our 
ancestors  at  an  early  period  of  our  national 
history  are  comparatively  **  few  and  far 
between;"  that  these  survivors  of  many 
a  ruthless  age  are  scattered  sparingly 
through  the  land,  while  their  ecclesiastical 
contemporaries  abound  on  all  sides,  invit- 
ing present  examination  in  place  of  re- 
quiring diligent  search.  Yet  of  early  do- 
mestic buildings  there  do  exist  sufficient 
remains  to  afford  satisfactory  illustrations 
of  their  own  general  character,  and  also 
to  shew  in  what  respect  they  in  their  day 
shared  with  the  architecture  of  churches 
and  ecclesiastical  establishments  the  same 
principles  both  of  construction  and  deco- 
ration. In  the  matter  of  documentary  evi- 
dence likewise  bearing  upon  this  subject, 
the  want  of  general  information  derived 
from  this  most  valuable  source  has  arisen 


not  from  any  want  of  such  evidence,  but 
solely  from  its  remaining  in  almost  un- 
broken seclusion,  closed  against  inquirers. 

At  length  we  are  able  to  invite  the  at- 
tention of  our  readers  to  a  publication 
which  in  itself  does  much  to  give  its  due 
place  to  our  national  domestic  architec- 
ture, from  the  period  of  what  must  be 
regarded  as  really  its  commencement 
until  Gothic  art  amongst  us  was  rising  to 
its  zenith.  Mr.  Hudson  Turner  has  pro- 
duced a  volume  which  at  once  takes  its 
place  amongst  standard  works  of  its  class. 
Its  pages  are  what  we  should  have  ex- 
pected from  their  author's  pen  ;  and  with 
these  are  associated  a  copious  series  of  en- 
gravings of  the  highest  interest  and  value. 

Mr.  Turner's  plan  in  executing  his 
task  has  been  to  commence  with  a  gene- 
ral sketch  of  the  condition  of  what  may 
be  legitimately  considered  domestic  archi- 
tecture in  England  anterior  to  the  twelfth 
century,  together  with  remarks  upon  the 
military  buildings  of  the  Saxons,  the  cas- 
tles of  the  Normans,  building  materials, 
workmen,  and  designs,  and  the  drawings 
in  early  MSS. ;  his  essay  then  falls  into 
two  great  divisions,  severally  assigned  to 
the  domestic  architecture  of  the  twelfth 
and  thirteenth  centuries;  each  division 
comprises  two  chapters,  the  one  devoted 
to  "general  remarks,"  and  the  other  to 
detailed  descriptions  of  existing  remains  ; 
a  chapter  of  "  historical  illustrations"  fol- 
lows, containing  extracts  from  the  liberate 
rolls  of  Henry  III.,  and  the  whole  is  com- 
pleted with  supplementary  notes,  illus- 
trative specimens  of  foreign  examples,  and 
an  appendix  of  documents  printed  in  ex- 
tenso.  The  material  and  arrangement  of 
the  work  are  evidently  good,  and  the  reader 
will  find  the  treatment  equally  deserving 
his  approbation. 

The  peculiar  researches  connected  with 
the  subject  of  the  work  before  us  corro- 
borate the  conclusion  already  drawn  from 
investigations  into  the  history  of  our  eccle- 
siastical architecture,  to  the  effect  that  the 
civilising  influence  of  the  Romans  upon 
the  native  islanders  was  of  no  permanent 
character,  and  that  consequently  the  with- 
drawal of  the  troops  of  the  declining  em- 
pire was  the  signal  for  a  rapidly  progressive 
relapse  into  the  barbarism  which  prevailed 
before  the  Roman  arms  had  reached  our 
shores.  The  arts  introduced  by  the  con- 
quering legions,  apparently  never  very 
highly  cultivated  in  Britain,  (for,  as  Mr. 
Turner  well  observes,  the  finer  relics  of 
Roman  art  "  which  have  been  found  in 
this  country  are  supposed  to  have  been 
imported,")  became  almost  immediately 
extinct,  leaving  it  for  succeeding  ages 
to  introduce  them  afresh,  and  impart  to 
them  both  new  distinctive  characteristicsy 


398 


Mucellaneoui  Reviews. 


[Oct. 


and  also  whatsoever  amount  of  Titality 
they  might  subsequently  possess.  Archi- 
tecture, therefore,  properly  so  called, 
whether  ecclesiastical,  military,  or  domes- 
tic, must  be  regarded  for  a  long  space 
of  time  after  the  Roman  occupation  as 
having  ceased  to  be.  Throughout  those 
dark  and  agitated  ages,  the  mass  of  the 
population  dwelt  in  huts  of  the  rudest 
description.  The  Saxon  princes  them- 
selves were  so  little  in  advance  of  their 
people,  that  their  hall  for  the  feast  or 
the  council,  as  occasion  might  require, 
at  night  served  as  a  species  of  common 
dormitory  to  the  prince  himself,  with  his 
chieftains,  his  warriors,  and  his  retainers. 
At  most,  a  single  apartment  for  the  pur- 
pose of  comparatively  secluded  repose, 
with  the  hall,  composed  the  palace.  And 
these  halls  were  unquestionably  very  gene- 
rally built  of  wood,  with  some  few  ezcep- 
tions  in  which  stone  was  the  constructive 
material,  **  more  Romano."  With  the 
settlement  of  the  Normans,  the  Roman- 
esque of  Normandy  became  so  completely 
naturalized  in  our  island,  that  the  term 
"Norman  Architecture"  is  understood 
to  imply  this  form  of  the  Romanesque  as 
it  flourished  in  England.  Now,  we  know 
very  well  what  this  Norman  Architecture 
is  in  buildings  for  ecclesiastical  purposes  ; 
and  here  and  there  are  well  known  ex- 
amples of  the  stem,  strong  keep  of  a 
Norman  fortress;  but  what  might  have 
been  the  cotemporary  practice  of  domestic 
building  has  hitherto  been  a  question  with 
which  but  few  persons  have  concerned 
themselves.  Mr.  Hudson  Turner  has 
shewn  that  the  domestic  architecture  of 
the  Anglo-Normans  was  in  its  details 
identical  with  the  architecture  of  their 
churches,  whensoever  they  erected  do- 
mestic edifices  of  stone.  For  their  houses, 
wood  long  continued  to  be  with  the  Anglo- 
Normans  the  prevailing  material ;  and  the 
great  majority  of  the  dwellings  of  the 
English  throughout  the  Norman  era  were 
utterly  devoid  of  all  semblance  of  archi- 
tectural character.  It  continued  to  be 
the  same  in  the  13th  century  as  it  had 
been  in  the  century  preceding ;  the  ordi- 
nary dwellings  were  of  the  rudest  and 
most  short-lived  description,  while  the 
few  houses  which  were  at  once  of  greater 
importance  and  better  capacity  for  endu- 
rance shared,  with  ecclesiastical  edifices, 
in  the  architectural  peculiarities  of  the 
day.  There  was  but  one  system  of  build- 
ing in  general  use,  whether  in  cities, 
towns,  or  in  the  smaller  clusters  of  edi- 
fices for  the  purpose  of  human  occupa- 
tion. Log-houses,  or  hovels  of  timber 
covered  with  thatch,  abounded  in  the 
streets  of  London  itself;  and  of  their 
exceitlve  meanness  we  have  a  striking 


illustration  in  a  decree  promulgated  by 
the  citizens  in  the  reign  of  King  John, 
after  a  disastrous  fire  which  devastated 
the  metropolis  in  the  year  1212 ;  by  this 
ordinance  every  alderman  it  enjoined  to 
have  in  readiness  "a  proper  hook  and 
cord,**  with  which,  in  case  of  fatore  sad- 
den fire,  or  other  similar  emergency,  any 
dwellings  considered  dangeroat  might  b« 
summarily  pulled  down  and  destroyed. 

As  in  earlier  times,  the  hall  conati* 
tuted  with  the  Normans  the  principal  part 
of  the  dwelling ;  it  was  of  large  dimen- 
sions, rising  from  the  ground  to  the  open 
roof,  and  was  used  for  variona  pnrpotea. 
''The  private,  or  bed,  room,  annexed  to 
the  hall  (there  being  freqnenUy  only  one), 
was  situated  on  the  second  story,  and  was 
called,  from  an  early  period,  the  '  solar ' 
or  *  solere  ;*  the  chamber  beneath  it,  on  a 
level  with  the  hall,  was  called  the  '  oellar,* 
and  used  as  such.  It  would  appear  that 
there  was  no  internal  commnnication  be- 
tween the  cellar  and  the  solar;  access  from 
the  latter  to  the  hall  being  had  by  staira  of 
stone  or  wood  within  the  hall  or  on  its 
exterior. ' '  Whatever  offices  or  additional 
buildings  were  required,  appear  to  have 
been  of  a  strictly  temporary  Kind,  and  were 
erected  to  suit  any  present  exigency. 
"  Such  were  the  accommodations  deemed 
necessary  in  a  manor-house  of  the  twelfth 
century  ;  one  might  be  larger  than  an- 
other, but  the  same  simple  plan  appean 
to  have  been  common  to  all.*'  .... 
"  It  is  certain,  however,  that  some  honaea 
were  built  during  this  centory  on  a  dif- 
ferent plan,  viz.,  in  the  form  of  a  paralle- 
logram, and  consisting  of  an  upper  story, 
between  which  and  the  ground  floor  there 
was,  sometimes,  no  internal  communicap 
tion.  The  lower  apartment  in  such  oaaea 
was  vaulted,  and  the  upper  room  ap- 
proached by  a  flight  of  ateps  on  the  out- 
side ;  it  was  the  only  habitable  chamber, 
and  in  it  were  frequently  the  only  window! 
and  fire  place."     (P.  6.) 

In  the  thirteenth  century  the  same  ge- 
neral style  still  prevailed,  with  the  excep- 
tion that  towards  its  close  additional  apart- 
ments began  to  be  introduced,  and  the 
general  fittings  and  appliances  for  do- 
mestic uses  show  signs  of  incipient  im- 
provement. During  this  century  manor- 
nouses  increased  considerably  in  number, 
and  the  feudal  castles  assumed  somewhat 
of  a  domestic  character. 

Among  the  examples  of  the  twelfth 
century,  which  Mr.  Turner  describea  in 
detail,  the  most  remarkable  are  the  hall 
of  Oakham  Castle;  the  Refectory  of  Dover 
Priory ;  the  buildings  at  Lincoln  known 
as  the  Jew's  House  and  the  Guild  of 
St.  Mary,  or  John  of  Oaunt's  Stablea; 
Moyes'  Hall,  Bury  St.  Edmniid*i;  and 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


899 


the  remains  called  the  King's  House  at 
Southampton.  *'  The  house  called  the 
Jew's  House  at  Lincoln,"  says  Mr.  Tur- 
ner, '*  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  cele- 
brated and  best  known  of  the  remains  of 
this  period :  it  is  situated  on  the  steep 
hill,  and  has  the  front  to  the  street  tole- 
rably perfect:  the  most  remarkable  fea- 
ture is  the  doorway,  which  is  enriched 
with  ornaments,  closely  corresponding 
with  Bishop  Alexander's  work  in  the  Ca- 
thedral; the  head  of  the  doorway  also 
forms  an  arch  to  carry  the  fire-place  and 
chimney  above.  There  are  no  marks  of 
an  original  fire-place  on  the  ground  floor, 
and  the  principal  room  appears  to  have 
been  up-stairs.  Some  of  the  windows  are 
good  Norman,  of  two  lights,  with  a  shaft 
between.  The  house  is  small,  and  seems 
to  have  consisted  of  two  rooms  only,  one 
on  the  ground  floor  and  one  above  ;  these 
may,  however,  have  been  originaily  di- 
vided by  partitions  ;  the  interior  has  en- 
tirely lost  all  original  character.  A  little 
higher  up  the  hill,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  street,  is  another  house  of  about  the 
same  period,  but  plainer  and  not  so  per- 
fect :  the  same  arrangement  of  the  arch 
of  the  doorway  carrying  the  fire-place  is 
found  here  also :  the  Norman  ornamented 
string  on  a  level  with  the  floor  may  be 
traced  along  two  sides  of  this  house,  which 
stands  at  a  corner,  and  some  windows 
may  be  distinguished,  but  less  perfect  than 
at  the  Jew's  House." — p.  42. 

Of  domestic  buildings  erected  during 
the  first  half  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
Mr.  Turner  considers  it  more  than  pro- 
bable that  the  Hall  at  Winchester  is  the 
sole  existing  relic.  The  reign  of  the 
third  Henry,  on  the  contrary,  with  that 
of  Edvrard  I.,  can  claim  a  comparatively 
numerous  series  of  buildings,  which  yet 
exist  to  demonstrate  the  progress  made 
by  domestic  architecture  under  those  mo- 
narchs.  Aydon  Castle,  a  manor-house 
in  Northumberland,  fortified  to  resist  the 
ever-dreaded  violence  of  the  border,  is  a 
fine  and  valuable  example.  Others  of 
equal  excellence  are  Little  Wenham  Hall 
in  Suffolk,  a  manor-house  at  Charney  in 
Berkshire,  the  hall  at  Stoke  Say,  and  the 
manor-house  at  Acton  Bumel,  both  in 
Shropshire.  The  Hall  at  Little  Wenham 
Mr.  Turner  thus  describes  :  *'  The  ma- 
terial of  the  walls  of  this  house  is  chiefly 
brick,  mixed  in  parts  with  flint.  The 
bricks  are  mostly  of  the  modem  Flemish 
shape,  but  there  are  some  of  other  forms 
and  sizes,  bearing  a  general  resemblance 
to  Roman  bricks  or  tiles.  The  colour  of 
the  bricks  varies  considerably.  The  but- 
tresses and  dressings  are  of  stone.  The 
plan  is  a  parallelogram,  with  a  square 
tower  at  one  angle ;  on  the  outside  the 


scroll-moulding  is  used  as  a  inring,  and 
it  is  continued  all  round,  shewing  that  the 
house  is  entire  as  originally  built ;  at  one 
angle,  where  the  external  stair- case  waa 
originally  placed,  some  other  building  ap- 
pears to  have  been  added  at  a  later  period, 
though  since  removed  ;  of  this  additional 
structure  one  Elizabethan  doorway  re- 
mains, with  an  inscription  built  in  above 
it.  The  ground-room  is  vaulted  with  a 
groined  vault  of  brick  with  stone  ribs, 
which  are  merely  chamfered ;  they  are 
carried  on  semi-octagon  shafts  with  plainly 
moulded  capitals.  The  windows  of  this 
lower  room  are  small  plain  lancets,  widely 
splayed  internally.  The  upper  room  has 
a  plain  timber  roof,  and  the  fire-place  is 
blocked  up.  The  windows  have  seats  in 
them,  ana  at  the  end  of  the  room  near 
the  door  is  a  recess  or  niche  forming  a 
sort  of  cupboard.  Both  the  house  and 
the  tower  are  covered  with  flat  leaden 
roofs,  having  brick  battlements  all  roand, 
with  a  coping  formed  of  moulded  bricks 
or  tiles,  some  of  which  are  original,  and 
others  of  the  Elizabethan  period.  The 
tower  is  a  story  higher  than  the  body  of 
the  house,  and  has  a  similar  battlement 
and  coping :  the  crenelles,  which  are  at 
rather  long  intervals,  are  narrow  with 
wide  merlons  between  them.  In  one 
comer  of  the  tower  is  a  turret  with  a 
newel  staircase. 

*'  On  the  upper  story  of  the  projecting 
square  tower  is  the  chapel,  which  opens 
into  the  large  room  or  hall  at  one  corner. 
It  is  a  small  vaulted  chamber;  the  east 
window  is  of  three  lights,  with  three 
foliated  circles  in  the  head  of  early- English 
character  ;  the  north  and  south  windows 
are  small  lancets,  widely  splayed  within ; 
in  the  east  jamb  of  the  south  window  is  a 
very  good  piscina  with  a  detached  shaft  at 
the  angle,  the  capital  of  which  has  good 
early-English  mouldings ;  the  basin  is 
destroyed.  On  the  north  side  of  the 
altar-place  is  another  niche  like  a  piscina, 
but  without  any  basin;  it  has  a  trefoil 
head,  with  a  bold  scroll-moulding  for  a 
hood  terminated  by  masks.  The  vault  is 
of  a  single  bay,  with  good  ribs,  of  early- 
English  character,  springing  from  corbels, 
the  two  eastern  being  heads,  the  two 
western  plain  tongues.  On  the  east  side 
of  the  east  window  is  a  bracket  for  an 
image.  The  west  end  of  the  chapel  con- 
sists of  a  good  early  English  doorway, 
with  a  window  on  each  side  of  it  of  two 
lights,  with  an  octagonal  shaft  between 
them  ;  the  labels  both  of  the  door  and 
windows  are  good  scroll-mouldings,  that 
of  the  doorway  terminated  by  bosses  of 
foliage,  those  of  the  windows  by  masks. 
On  the  south  side  of  the  chapel  is  another 
small  doorway  opening  to  tiie  staircase ; 


400 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Oct. 


opposite  ft)  tbis  is  a  low-side-window,  a 
small  lancet,  with  a  dripstone  like  the 
others ;  internally  it  is  widely  splayed  to 
a  round  arch ;  it  is  situated  close  to  the 
west  end  of  the  chapel,  and  has  an  original 
wooden  shutter. 

**  The  Church  of  Little  Wenham  par- 
takes so  much  of  the  same  features  as  the 
hall,  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  who- 
ever built  the  one  erected  the  other/' 
(p.  153). 

The  low- side- window  of  a  chapel  at 
the  top  of  a  tower,  must,  we  imagine,  be 
somewhat  difficult  to  reconcile  with  the 
greater  number  of  theories  respecting  this 
singular  accessory. 

The  Hall  of  Little  Wenham  is  in  a  con- 
dition of  unusually  excellent  presenration, 
and  shews  the  original  plan  almost  in  com- 
pleteness. The  general  case  differs  widely 
from  this  ;  our  early  domestic  remains 
being  in  the  greater  number  of  instances 
in  a  fragmentary  state,  sometimes  fallen 
to  ruins,  and  sometimes  scarcely  less  in- 
jured by  recent  additions  or  through  in- 
corporation with  other  and  later  buildings. 

In  the  course  of  his  **  General  Re- 
marks" upon  the  domestic  architecture 
of  the  thirteenth  century,  Mr.  Hudson 
Turner  has  introduced  valuable  essays 
upon  the  manufacture  and  use  of  glass, 
and  upon  the  state  and  practice  of  horti- 
culture at  that  period.  He  has  also  with 
his  descriptions  of  the  singularly  uncom- 
fortable dwellings  of  those  strange  times 
associated  some  highly  interesting  notices 
of  the  strictly  consistent  furniture  then  in 
use,  together  with  the  more  important 
domestic  processes  of  life,  such  as  cook- 
ing, baking,  &c.  Neither  are  such  mat- 
ters as  household  linen,  or  knives  and 
forks  and  spoons,  &c.  omitted.  The  view 
of  domestic  life  so  obtained  casts  over  the 
history  of  those  ages  a  pleasing  light, 
and  imparts  fresh  interest  and  increased 
value  to  its  pages.  We  are  thus  enabled 
to  form  a  just  estimate  of  those  times, 
and  to  bring  their  lessons  of  admonition 
to  bear  truthfully  upon  the  days  in  which 
our  own  lot  is  cast. 

We  doubt  not  that  Mr.  Turner's  book 
will  prove  very  generally  acceptable.  It  is 
worthy  of  general  acceptation  :  and  true 
literary  worth  has  no  need  to  fear  inade- 
quate regard. 

On  the  state  of  Agriculture  and  the 
progress  qf  Arts  and  Manufactures  in 
Britain^  during  the  period  and  under 
the  influence  of  the  Dmidical  System, 
By  the  Rev.  John  Jones,  M.A,  Rector  qf 
Llanllyfnif  Caernarvonshire,  8vo.  pp.  22. 

A  Glossary  of  Terms  used  for  Articles 
qf  British  Dress  and  Armour.     By  the 
Rev,  John  WillUms  {Ab    lihel),  M.A, 
8 


Rector  qf  Llanymowddwy,  Merioneth" 
shire,  Svo.  pp.  68. — The  writer  of  the 
former  of  these  productioDS  asserts  the 
existence  of  a  high  state  of  advance- 
ment in  all  the  arts  of  life  among  the 
natives  of  this  country  daring  the  period 
of  what  is  styled  "  the  Druidlcal  sys- 
tem." He  states  that  "implements  of 
husbandry,  and  every  variety  of  wheel 
carriages,  were  in  general  use  before  the 
Roman  eagle  visited  their  shores ;  and  the 
water  mills,  by  which  their  com  wu 
ground,  must  have  created  as  much  as- 
tonishment as  the  war  chariots  whick 
mowed  down  the  ranks  of  their  enemies." 
.  . .  "  It  must  also  be  admitted  that,  what- 
ever advancement  in  art,  whether  as  re- 
gards the  anvil,  the  loom,  or  the  saw,  may 
be  traced  among  the  Gauls,  would  apply 
equally  to  Britain,  as  the  undisturbed  seat 
of  discipline  and  study,  from  whence  sden- 
tide  discoveries  might  be  expected  to 
emanate."  .  .  .  ** 'Die  Britons  had  not 
only  their  vessels  for  the  export  and  im- 
port of  merchandise,  but  also  an  armed 
navy  for  protecting  their  trade,  and  for 
keeping  the  other  maritime  states  in  sub- 
jection. If  the  former  were  composed  of 
osiers,  and  covered  with  hides,  the  Utter 
were  built  of  oak  boardsi  with  iron  bolts, 
and  furnished  with  chain  cables."  Fur- 
ther, that  the  manufacture  of  linen  and 
woollen  fabrics  must  have  occupied  the 
attention  of  the  Druids ;  that  the  art  of 
dyeing  was  well  understood,  and  also  that 
of  fulling ;  that  they  made  soap,  and  brewed 
with  hops.  These  extracts  will  be  soft- 
cicnt  as  samples  of  a  composition  which 
might  be  pronounced  to  be  a  very  inte- 
resting and  important  dissertation  if  its 
statements  could  be  strictly  relied  upon  ; 
but  when  we  add  that  few  authorities 
are  cited,  that  foremost  among  the  few 
are  the  Triads,  poetical  fragments  of  un- 
certain date,  and  which  must  have  snf- 
fered  many  modifications  and  addition! 
in  oral  transmission ;  and  that  a  slight 
foundation  of  authority  is  too  plainly  the 
groundwork  of  a  visionary  superstructure, 
we  must  regret  that  the  Welsh  antiqnariee 
should  continue  to  pursue  this  plan  of 
mere  essay-writing  (first  fostered  by  their 
annual  prize  compositions),  in  which  a 
few  well-turned  periods  are  made  to  take 
the  place  of  substantial  research. 

The  Glossary  by  Mr.  Williams  (Ab 
Ithel)  proceeds  on  a  different  plan,  and  b 
more  of  the  kind  of  work  the  Welsh  anti- 
quaries require,  in  order  to  make  any  trae 
progress  in  archaeology.  His  definition! 
are  supported  by  examples ;  and  to  some 
extent  these  examples  are  furnished  with 
dates.  A  discrimination  of  periods  is  a 
point  to  which  attention  should  be  criti- 
cally directed  ;  for  in  all  coantrice  term! 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


401 


change  their  import  from  time  to  time, 
almost  as  much  as  articles  of  manufacture 
themselves  change  their  form  and  fashion. 
In  every  case  the  addition  of  the  date  to 
the  passage  quoted  would  be  desirable  in 
such  a  glossary.  It  would  have  been 
further  improved,  particularly  for  the  use 


dorch  or  dyrch^  from  the  Latin  torquis. 
This  occurs  under  various  combinations, 
but  all  of  them  apparently  applied  to  the 
favourite  neck- ornament,  except  dur- 
dorch f  which  is  explained  as  **  the  ring 
of  a  haburgeon.''  Amdorch  is  *'  an  en- 
circling wreath  ;"  eur dorch  a  golden  collar; 


of  those  who  are  not  conversant  with  the     gordd-dorch  **  a  collar,  a  chain,  or  torque 
language,  by  some  etymological  explana-     for  the  neck  ;''  gorihorch  (of  course  the 


tions.  Such  is  the  uncertainty  of  Welsh 
orthography,  and  so  numerous  the  com- 
pound terms  employed,  that  either  groups 
of  words  or  cross-references  appear  neces- 
sary, to  arrive  at  all  the  information  such 
a  glossary  contains.  Thus,  in  the  se- 
veral varieties  of  chains  and  collars,  which 
were  a  prominent  distinction  among  the 
Gauls  and  Britons,  we  meet  them  in 
nearly  every  page  of  this  glossary  under 
some  name  or  other  ;  but  the  author  has 
not  attempted  to  distinguish  the  parti- 
cular meaning  of  the  various  terms  em- 
ployed. An  aerwy  is  a  collar  or  chain 
for  the  neck ;  so  is  gordd-dorch;  so  is 
cadweuy  and  eadwyn ;  so  is  cae ;  and  so  is 
coler.  The  last  is  evidently  the  English 
word  adopted  by  the  Welsh ;  as  are 
haner,  ctirat,  pencel,  salei,  tabar  (a  tabard, 
said  to  be  mentioned  by  Taliesio  in  the 
sixth  century :  Med  qu  .^),  targed,  and 
others.  Cae,  which  Mr.  Williams  ex- 
plains to  be  "a  ring  ;  a  necklace ;  an  or- 
namental wreath,"  seems  to  have  been 
rather  a  fibula  or  brooch.  Caeadau  (pi.) 
occur  as  the  clasps  of  shoes.  Rwy  is  a 
ring  ;  which  appears  under  several  com- 
binations, none  of  which  are  explained 
by  our  author.  The  first  is  that  we  have 
already  mentioned,  ae-rwy — but  what  is 
the  meaning  of  the  first  syllable  ?  Bodrwy 
is  explained  as  meaning  a  thumb  ring,  sc. 
bawd-rwy ;  this  is  the  word,  we  believe, 
in  modem  use  for  a  ring  of  any  kind,  the 
simple  word  rtoy  being  obsolete  ;  breich- 
rwy  is  a  bracelet  ♦  for  the  arm ;  eurrwy 
a  gold  ring;  eurfodrwyt  the  same  (its 
elements,  we  presume,  being  eur-bawd' 
**<<^)  f  godrwy^  a  wreath  or  chain  ;  modrwy, 
a  finger  ring  (does  not  this  change  from 
bodrwy  take  place  after^— sc.  fy  modrwy, 
my  ring  ?).     Another  term  for  a  ring  is 

*  There  is  also  the  word  breichledr  for 
a  bracelet,  which  is  explained  as  meaning 
a  leathern  band  for  the  arm.  The  final 
letter  being  dropped,  as  happens  in  other 
Welsh  words  (the  name  Llanbed,  for  Llan- 
bedr  (Lampeter),  is  an  instance),  it  be- 
came breichled,and  hence  our  own  bracelet. 
The  term  buckler  comes  from  the  pa- 
rallel compound  bwccledr ;  though  the 
latter  portion  of  that  word  has  been 
derived  from  eledyr,  a  thin  board  of  wood, 
and  the  meaning  of  its  first  portion  is 
obscure. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


same  word)  "  a  superior  wreath ;  a  torque ; 
a  collar  •' — whether  connected  in  etymon 
with  **gwrydd,  a  wreath,"  we  are  not  in- 
formed. Mwndorch  is  '*  a  collar,  or 
wreath  for  the  neck  ;**  *'  mwndlwt,  a  neck 
ornament,  a  necklace;"  and  mynygldlws 
and  mynygtdorch  are  other  orthographies  of 
the  same  words,  though  entered  distinctly 
by  Mr.  Williams.  Mwnwgl  is  explained  in 
the  ordinary  Welsh  dictionaries  as  "  the 
neck,"  and  is  said  by  Mr.  Edward  Lhwyd 
in  his  Archseologia  Britannica  to  be  the 
original  of  the  Latin  monile,f  a  word 
which  was  chiefly  applied  to  a  necklace, 
though  Ainsworth  explains  it  as  ''an  or- 
nament for  any  part  of  the  body.''  The 
Welsh  «•  tlwtt**  which  is  joined  to  it  in 
the  compounds  mumdlws  and  mynygldlws^ 
is  "  a  jewel  **  of  any  kind  :  and  we  find 
breich'dlwt  as  another  word  for  a  bracelet 
in  the  Welsh  dictionaries,  though  not  in 
Mr.  Williams's  Glossary. 

We  turn  to  another  word.  Cw/l  is  ex- 
plained as  "  a  cowl;"  cwfien  as  " a  cap  or 
hat,  a  hunting  cap ;"  ewlen  as  "a  hat;" 
cowyll  as  "  a  garment  or  cloak,  with  a 
veil,  presented  by  the  husband  to  his  bride 
on  the  morning  after  marriage  ;**  cochl  as 
"  a  mantle,  probably,  as  we  infer  from  the 
etymology  of  the  word,  of  a  red  colour ;" 
and  cwcwll  as  "  a  cowl."  Bat  surely  thii 
is  all  one  word  under  slightly  different 
forms.  From  its  latter  and  more  guttural 
pronunciations  seems  to  have  been  de- 
rived the  Latin  eucHllus:  nor  does  Mr. 
Williams,  when  in  this  instance  he  intro- 
duces etymology,  appear  to  be  correct  in 
connecting  it  with  the  colour  coeht  red. 
We  find  the  word  once  more,  entered 
under  the  awful  orthography  "  barddgwc- 
cwll,  a  hood  of  sky  blue,  which  the  privi« 
leged  bard  wore  upon  all  occasions  that 
he  officiated,  as  a  graduated  badge  or  lite- 
rary ornament.  Tliis  habit  (it  is  added) 
was  borrowed  from  the  British  Bards  by 
the  Druids  of  Gaul,  and  from  them  by  the 
Romans,  who  called  it  Bardocucullus,  or 
the  Bard's  Cowl.  (See  James'  Patriarchal 
Religion,  &c.  p.  75.) 

Gallia  Santonico  vestit  te  bitrdoeueullo, 
Cercopithecamm  penula  nuper  erat. 

MartUl,  14,  128." 

t  Some  other  words  now  before  ua 
correspond  to  the  Latin,  is,  lluryg,  lorica; 
saeih,  sagitta ;  yspicellf  spicnlam. 

3F 


402 


Miscellaneotts  Reviews. 


[Oct 


Now,  we  English  have  a  fixed  idea  of 
the  meaning  of  cowl,  that  it  was  the  hood 
of  a  monk  ;  but  our  Welsh  friends  seem 
undetermined  whether  it  was  a  hood,  a 
cloak,  or  a  mantle;  for  Mr.  Jones,  at  p. 
18  of  his  essay,  asserts  that  ''the  bardo- 
cucullus,  or  purple  mantle  of  the  bardic 
costume,  affords  another  specimen  of 
early  manufacture."  It  might  be  a  curi- 
ous fact  to  ascertain  its  real  form,  but 
whether  it  has  been  determined  in  James's 
Patriarchal  Religion  we  cannot  say.  Just 
before  noticing  the  bardo-cucuUus  Mr. 
Jones  says,  "  The  laina  was  a  Gaulish 
term  for  a  woollen  cassock  of  native  manu- 
facture, the  weaving  of  which  occupied 
great  numbers  of  the  population  {vide 
Plautus).  The  gauna  was  another  species 
of  coarse  covering  of  wool  peculiar  to 
them,  according  to  Varro  :'*  but  neither 
of  these  words  is  placed  in  Mr.  Wil- 
liams's Glossary. 


Consuetudinea  Kancia.  A  history  of 
Oavelkind  and  other  remarkable  customs 
qfthe  county  of  Kent,  By  Charles  Sandys, 
F,8.A,  (Cantianus.)  London,  Svo,  1851. 
— Lambard,  in  his  Perambulation  of  Kent, 
published  a  Norman-French  Custumal  of 
that  county,  an  enumeration,  that  is,  of 
its  peculiar  customs,  which  custumal  had 
been  allowed  by  John  de  Berwike  and 
his  companions,  justices  in  eyre,  in  Kent, 
in  the  2l8t  year  of  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward I.  This  very  curious  document 
professes  to  set  forth  such  privileges 
as  appertained  to  Gavelkind  tenements 
and  their  holders  "  before  the  conquest, 
and  at  the  conquest,  and  ever  since." 
It  declares  "  that  all  the  bodies  of  Kent- 
ishmen  be  free,  as  well  as  the  other  free 
bodies  of  England, '*  that  they  might 
grant  or  sell  their  lands  without  license  of 
their  lords,  that  their  lands  should  not 
escheat  on  conviction  of  felony,  but  that, 
as  was  said  "  in  Kentish," 

The  father  to  the  bough 
And  the  son  to  the  plough  ; 

that  the  wife's  dower  should  be  one  half; 
and  that  Gavelkind  lauds  were  not  de- 
scendible to  the  eldest  son  but  partible 
amoni^st  all  the  sons;  with  various  other 
traditionary  privileges. 

This  paper  is  the  foundation  and  text 
of  Mr.  Sandys's  book.  He  assumes  that 
the  Custumal  in  question  is  "  a  vener- 
able code  of  Saxon  laws  and  customs, 
which  has  peculiar  claims  upon  the  at- 
tention not  only  of  the  antiquary  but 
of  the  historian  and  the  legislator,  the 
philosopher  and  the  patriot,''  and  com- 
ments upon  it  accordingly.  With  a  full- 
ness of  Kentish  and  antiquarian  fervour 
he  begins  at  the  beginning,  contends  for 


the  literal  accuracy  of  the  commoa  ao- 
count  of  the  landing  of  HengUt  and  Horn 
in  their  three  chiules,  discards  the  criti- 
cism of  Mr.  Kemble  and  other  modem 
inquirers,  and  by  the  simple  process  of 
taking  every  thing  which  he  finds  in  Bede, 
the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  and  other 
ancient  authorities,  for  granted,  arrives  at 
conclusions  entirely  opposite  to  those 
which  have  been  come  to  by  all  the  pre- 
sent race  of  Anglo-Saxon  antiquaries  and 
scholars. 

Very  modem  and  excellent  are  the  tjrpo- 
graphy  and  lithography  of  Mr.  Sandys*s 
book,  and  very  creditable  the  diligence  he 
has  displayed  in  collecting  together  his 
materials,  although  from  no  recondite  or 
uncommon  authorities,  but  its  spirit  and 
style  are  those  of  certain  of  the  antiquaries 
of  the  last  century.  There  is  the  same 
care  to  heap  together  every  thing  whidi 
an  extremely  liberal  constmction  maj 
deem  to  be  illustrative,  the  same  innooenoe 
of  all  proper  philological  learning,  the 
same  disregard  of  what  is  now  esteemed  to 
be  reasonable  criticism,  the  same  large 
conclusions  from  small  premises,  whidi 
distinguished  those  very  worthy  bat  some- 
what unwise  gentlemen. 

It  is  far  from  pleasing  to  tis  to  speak 
disparagingly  of  any  antiquarian  publica- 
tion, but  the  interests  of  literature,  no  less 
than  our  duty  as  critics,  require  that  we 
should  state  clearly  that  such  works  as 
these  belong  to  a  time  and  a  school  that  are 
past,  and  are  therefore  no  longer  desirable. 
What,  for  instance,  can  be  more  nnneoes- 
sary  than  such  comments  as  the  present 
author  offers  to  us  upon  the  clauses  in  the 
Custumal  which  relate  to  the  personal 
freedom  of  Kentish  men,  and  the  liberal 
dower  of  Kentish  women  ?  In  the  former 
instance  he  starts  off  with  the  doctrine  of 
divine  providence,  which  he  illustratea 
from  the  works  of  King  Alfred,  and  then, 
glancing  back  at  Abraham,  sketches  in 
outline  the  history  of  the  univer&al  monar- 
chies, and  sets  forth  the  establishment  of 
the  Saxons  and  Angles  in  Britain  as  an 
accomplishment  of  prophecy;  he  then 
dashes  off  into  a  comparison  of  Magna 
Charta  with  the  Kentish  Custumal,  and 
after  detailing  the  history  of  the  varioni 
charters  of  liberties,  and  alluding  to  the 
condition  of  the  villeins,  observes,  with 
0*Coiinell-like  eloquence,  **  Did  Magna 
Charta  unloose  their  bonds  ?  Did  Magna 
Charta  proclaim  freedom  to  the  slave,  and 
say  to  him,  Arise,  be  free  ?  Did  Magna 
Charta  hold  out  to  the  hereditary  bonds- 
man a  ray  of  hope,  any  prospect  of  en- 
franchisement ?  "—and  so  forth.  After 
which  there  is  a  page  of  sensible  extracts 
from  what  Lambard  and  Robinson  hare 
said  about  this  particular  danie  <tf  tliQ 


1851.] 


Miscellaneous  Reviews, 


40d 


Customal,  and  then  the  comment  closes 
with  22  lines  from  Drayton's  Polyolbion ; — 

Of  all  the  English  shires  be  thou  surnam'd 

the  free, 
And  foremost  ever  plac't,   when  tbey  shill 

reckon*d  be. 

Would  it  not  have  been  better  to  have 
let  Abraham  and  the  monarchies  alone, 
and  have  given  us  some  real  information 
as  to  the  extent  to  which  this  peculiar 
claim  of  freedom  for  the  men  of  Kent 
had  been  allowed  in  the  courts  ?  whether 
it  was  ever  sanctioned  by  the  legislature 
(as  is  contended)?  whether  it  was  confined, 
as  the  Custumal  would  lead  us  to  suppose, 
to  Gavelkind  tenants,  or  was,  as  it  is  as- 
serted, a  general  privilege  appertaining  to 
all  Kentish-born  men  and  women ;  and 
if  so  how  it  came  to  pass  that,  according  to 
Somner,  there  have  been  villeins  in  Kent  ? 
These  questions  lie  upon  the  very  surface 
of  the  inquiry  before  the  author,  and  arc 
many  of  them  indicated  in  his  extract 
from  Robinson.  Some  information  upon 
them  would  have  been  worth  a  great  deal 
more  than  the  lioes  from  Drayton. 

Again,  as  to  the  dower  question,  the 
author,  who,  we  have  remarked,  loves  to 
b^n  at  the  beginning,  commences  by 
contemplating 

"Woman,  fresh  from  the  hands  of  her 
Creator, 

Under  his  forming  bands  a  creature  grew— 
and  so  on  through  27  lines  of  Milton, 
concluding  with  a  couplet  from   another 
poet — 

Heaven  in  our  cup  the  cordial   drop  hath 

thrown 
To  make  the  bitter  draught  of  life  go  down !" 

He  then,  after  a  few  remarks  upon 
woman ^s  "  sweet  influence,  sublime  mis- 
sion, and  exalted  destiny,"  purposes,  "  by 
a  candid  discussion  of  her  constitutional 
rights,"  to  teach  her  (that  most  useful  of 
lessons)  self-respect  and  moral  dignity — 

"  Respect  thyself,  and  man  will  respect  thee 
too.'* 

In  pursuance  of  this  humane  purpose 
he  first  quotes,  in  the  onginal  Anglo- 
Saxon,  with  a  translation,  all  the  passages 
in  the  Anglo-Saxon  laws  relating  to  women. 
Having  thusgotthrough  a  good  many  pages, 
he  remembers  that  King  Cnut,  in  the  law 
which  the  author  has  first  quoted,  forbids 
any  man  to  sell  a  woman  for  money.  Ap- 
prehensive,  with  a  Bottom-like  kindliness, 
that  "the  delicacy  and  sensibility  of  the 
fair  daughters  of  Kent  may  be  alarmed  at 
the  notion  of  such  a  mere  mercenary  trans- 
action,^" the  author  proceeds  to  inquire  into 
the  meaning  of  the  A. -S. verb  fyllan,giving 
a  page  and  a-half  of  examples  from  the 
Anglo-Saxon  Gospels,  Alfred's  Boethios, 


and  so  forth,  to  prove  that  in  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  to  "  sell "  means  to  ''give;"  and 
thus  he  thinks  to  "  remove  from  the  breasts 
of  our  fair  countrywomen  the  notion  that 
their  Saxon  ancestors  were  such  barba- 
rians." Like  our  author,  we  have  no  wish 
to  alarm  the  Kentish  ladies  ;  but  we  may 
venture  to  suggest  that,  in  spite  of  aU 
Mr.  Sandys's  learning,  it  does  not  seem  to 
us  that  it  can  matter  much  to  the  ladiea, 
nor  that  it  could  have  mattered  much  to 
their  grandmothers  of  the  twenty-fifth 
generation,  whether  they  were  given  or 
sold,  so  long  as  it  was  **for  money,** 
which  we  take  it  was  the  gUt  of  the  tram* 
action,  although  those  words  remain  un- 
noticed by  Mr.  Sandys. 

The  author  then  runs  ofi'upon  the  topics 
of  the  "  marriage  settlement,  with  tht 
dowry,  jointure,  pin>money,  provision  for 
children,  trustees,  and  other  incidents  ;  " 
and  thinking  "  that  it  may  be  interesting  to 
our  fair  readers  to  peruse  an  Anglo-Saxon 
marriage  settlement,"  he  accordingly  treats 
them  with  a  sight  of  "the  agreement  that 
Godwine  made  with  Byrhtric  when  he  his 
daughter  wooed."  Having  thus  concluded 
his  lesson  for  the  Kentish  ladies  in  their 
constitutional  rights,  the  author  comes  to 
his  real  business,  which,  by  the  aid  of 
Robinson  and  others  who  have  gone  before 
him,  he  treats  with  knowledge. 

We  would  not  wish  that  it  should  be 
inferred  that  the  whole  book  is  exactly 
like  what  we  have  quoted ;  but  the  same 
animusy  and  the  same  anxiety  for  super- 
abundant illustration  (piling  one  irrelevant 
thing  upou  the  top  of  another),  pervade  it 
throughout,  and  render  it  a  book  of  which 
we  may  truly  repeat,  that  it  is  of  that  kind 
which  is  no  longer  desirable. 


A  Little  Book  of  Songt  and  Ballads, 
gathered  from  Ancient  Mustek  Books, 
MS.  and  Printed,  By  E.  F.  Rimbanlt, 
LL.D.  ^c.  Small  8ro. — Some  old  songs 
are  worth  preservation  for  their  intrinsic 
merits— their  quaint  humour,  their  hearty 
spirit,  and  their  genuine  idiomatic  ex- 
pression ;  others  may  be  interesting  from 
the  illustrations  they  afford  either  to 
history  or  literature ;  whilst  the  rest 
may  be  wisely  left  buried  in  the  congenial 
dust  of  less  fastidious  ages.  In  the  present 
collection  many  readers  will  consider  that 
there  are  some  two  or  three  which  pro- 
perly belong  to  the  last  description. 
Antiquarian  zeal  is  apt  now  and  then  a 
little  to  outrun  the  restraints  of  modern 
propriety :  which  is  especially  to  be 
regretted  in  an  instance  like^  the  'pre- 
sent. In  culling  a  garland  there  is 
more  room  for  delicacy  of  taste  than  in 
editing  the  entire  works  of  an  old  author* 


404 


Miscellaneous  Bevtetos* 


[Oct 


In  the  latter  case  mutilation  or  omis- 
sion may  be  inadfisable ;  but  such  a 
condition  does  not  apply  where  an  editor's 
choice  is  free.  But,  if  this  volume  is  not, 
on  that  account,  adapted  for  the  world, 
wide  circulation  enjoyed  by  the  Percy 
ballads,  it  is  full  of  interesting  matter 
for  the  curious.  The  songs  are  derived 
from  a  great  variety  of  sources,  and  are 
either  resuscitated  from  the  slumber  of 
many  generations,  or  are  superior  versions 
and  more  perfect  copies  of  ballads  already 
revived  by  literary  antiquaries.  Their  col- 
lection proves  the  editor's  research  ;  whilst 
the  introductory  comments  furnish  ample 
evidence  of  Dr.  Rimbault's  great  and  gene- 
ral familiarity  with  our  early  literature. 

Many  of  our  old  English  songs  are  po- 
litical, and  such  almost  uniformly  bor- 
row their  figurative  allusions  from  heraldry, 
that  unwritten  language  of  feudal  chivalry. 
Those  to  whom  the  poet  was  opposed  were 
satyrized  under  the  names  of  the  heraldic 
**  beasts  "  displayed  on  their  coat-armour 
or  their  other  gentilitial  insignia ;  and  if 
the  bard  was  engaged  in  loyal  or  laudatory 
strains  he  still  employed  the  like  symbols. 
The  first  song  in  the  present  collection, 
being  in  praise  of  Arthur  Prince  of  Wales, 
has  this  burthen — 

From  stormy  wyndes  and  grevous  wether, 
Good  Lord  I  preserve  the  Ostrige  Fether. 

The  second  sings  the  praises  of  the 
White  Rose,  and  **  was  evidently  (says 
Dr.  Rimbault)  written  about  the  year  1 500, 
oat  of  compliment  to  Elizabeth  daughter 
of  Edward  IV. and  consort  of  Henry  VII." 

This  day  now  dawes, 
This  geotill  day  dawes. 

And  I  must  home  gone. 
In  a  glorious  garden  greno, 
Saw  I  syttjrng  a  comly  quene ; 
Among  the  flowers  that  fresh  byn, 
She  gadered  a  rose  and  set  betwene. 
The  lyly-white  rose  me-thought  I  sawe. 

And  ever  she  sang, 
This  day  now  dawes. 
This  gentill  day  dawes, 

And  I  must  home  gone. 

In  that  garden  be  floures  of  hew, 
The  gelofir  gent  that  she  well  knew, 
The  floure-de-luce  she  did  on  rewe. 
And  said  that  Whyte  Rose  i^  most  trewe. 
The  garden  to  rule  by  ryghtwis  lawe. 
The  lyly-white  rose  me-thought  I  sawe; 

And  ever  she  sang, 
Tliis  day  now  dawes, 
This  gentill  day  dawes. 

And  I  must  home  gone. 

Dr.  Rimbault  shows  in  his  introduc- 
tion  that  this  song  was  exceedingly  popular 
in  Scotland,  being  alluded  to  by  Gavin 
Pouglas,  Dunbar,  and  other  poets  of  that 


conntry.  Alexander  Montgomery  has  a 
set  of  verses  commencing' 

Hay,  now  the  day  dawis, 

The  Jolie  cok  crawls. 

Is  not  ''dawes"  for  dawns  altogether  a 
Scoticism  ?  In  which  case  the  original  song 
would  be  from  Scotland ;  and  the  last 
word  of  its  burden  will  have  been  ptmg, 
rhyming  perfectly  with  san^.  The  third 
song  commemorates  Margaret  qaeen  of 
Scotland  as  **  the  Rose  both  Red  and 
Whyte :"  the  sixth  describes  Henry  the 
Eighth,  on  his  first  expedition  to  France, 
as  the  **  Rose,  not  yet  full  blowne.**  Thus 
it  is  evident  that  to  appreciate  the  po- 
etical imagery  of  the  fifteenth  and  six- 
teenth centuries  some  heraldic  lore  is 
requisite ;  which  is  nnfortonately  not 
always  supplied  with  accnracy.  Dr. 
Rimbault  details  at  length  the  apoery* 
phal  story  of  the  plume  and  motto  of 
the  king  of  Bohemia  slain  at  Creasy; 
having  first  stated  that  **  a  distingnishiof 
mark  of  honour  peculiar  to  the  l^rinoe  (2 
Wales  consists  of  a  plume  of  three  ostrich 
feathers,  with  an  ancient  coronet;"  bat 
the  song  on  which  the  editor  comments 
affords  one  proof  among  others  that  at  the 
beginning  of  the  16th  century  the  royal 
cognizance  of  **  the  ostrich  feather  "  was 
still  given  single,  or  merely  inserted  in  a 
scroll,  and  had  not  yet  been  combined  into 
a  plume  and  made  into  a  species  of  crest 
by  insertion  within  a  coronet.  On  this 
subject  a  disquisition  by  the  late  Sir  Harris 
Nicolas  in  the  Archaeologia  may  be  eon- 
suited. 

We  turn  to  a  later  page  in  the  book, 
where  Dr.  Rimbault  is,  we  believe,  the 
first  to  combat  an  error  which  has  been 
often  repeated  by  his  brother  editors,  and 
which  he  attributes  originally  to  Mr. 
Douce.  It  relates  to  the  term  **  whifBer," 
applied  to  the  leaders  of  public  proces- 
sions. 

"  The  derivation  of  this  word  is  from 
whiffie,  to  disperse  as  by  a  puff  of  wind, 
to  scatter.  Douce  says  wkifUs  is  another 
name  for  a  fife  or  a  small  flute,  bat  he  is 
not  supported  by  any  authority.  A  wkijlsr^ 
in  its  original  signification,  evidently  meant 
a  staff-bearer.  *  First  4  whifllers  (ai 
servitours)  by  two  and  two,  walking  beforeu 
with  white  staves  in  their  hands,  and  red 
and  blew  ribbons  hung  beltwise  npon  thdr 
shoulders  ;  these  make  way  for  the  com- 
pany.' A  Storehouse  of  Armoary  and 
Blazon,  by  Handle  Hohne,  book  iii.  chap. 
3,  fol.  127.*' 

We  think  Dr.  Rimbanlt  is  here  right : 
and  that  the  whifllers  were  never  mnsi- 
cians,  but  merely  strong  fellows  employed 
to  make  way  for  those  who  followed. 
The  stanza  which  has  snggested  the  Bot« 
is  this : 


1861.] 


Miscellaneotts  Reviews, 


405 


Tobacco  is  a  Whyfller, 
And  cries  "huff!  snuff! "  with  furie; 

Bis  pipes  his  club  and  linke ; 

He's  the  wiser  that  does  drinke ; 
Thus  arm'd  I  fear  not  a  furie. 

The  capacity  in  which  whifflers  were 
chiefly  known  was  as  the  advanced  g^ard 
of  the  London  Lord-Mayor's  show,  and 
other  corporation  processions,  when  they 
were  customarily  disguised  as  sayage-men, 
carrying  clubs  in  the  morning,  and  links 
or  fireworks  in  the  evening,  as  on  the 
mayor's  return  from  Guildhall  after  dinner. 
Thus,  Tobacco,  when  personified  as  a 
whiffler,  used  his  pipes  for  club  and  link, 
crying  huff!  or  be  off;  snuff!  be  extin- 
guished and  vanish  out  of  the  way.  The 
song  in  praise  of  Tobacco  to  which  the 
verse  belongs  occurs  in  "  Teknogamia,  or 
Marriage  of  Arts,"  a  comedy  written  by 
Barten  Holiday  in  the  reign  of  James  I. 
and  which  was  performed  before  that 
monarch  by  some  of  the  Cambridge  scholars 
at  Woodstock,  on  a  Sunday  night,  Aug. 
26,  1631,  on  which  occasion  the  king 
"  offered  once  or  twice  to  go  away," 
(Nichols's  Progresses,  ^c.  iii.  714)  not 
admiring  the  performance,  we  suppose,  on 
its  general  merits,  for  we  can  scarcely 
imagine  that  on  such  an  occasion  any  of 
the  actors  would  venture  so  far  as  to  sing 
in  praise  of  tobacco,  the  herb  against 
which  the  king  had  whilome  directed  his 
famous  "  Counterblast,"  and  which  he  was 
known  to  hold  so  much  in  abhorrence. 
Dr.  Rimbault  mentions  the  year  1618  as 
the  date  of  this  play  ;  but  it  had  been  first 
printed  in  1610,  which  is  close  upon  the 
date  at  which  he  has  found  the  song,  in 
"  a  MS.  set  of  Part-books,  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Thomas  Weelkes,  a.d.  1609." 
A  misprint  {scale  for  teale)  impairs  the 
point  of  the  second  stanza: 

Tobacco  is  a  Lawyer, 
His  pipes  do  love  long  ctues. 
AWhen  our  braines  it  enters 
Our  feet  do  make  indenluret. 
While  we  teeUe  with  ttamping  paces. 

The  full  liberty  of  emendation  which 
was  exercised  by  Bishop  Percy  may  per- 
haps scarcely  coincide  with  our  modern 
notions  of  editorial  fidelity  ;  but  there  is 
a  danger  on  the  other  hand.  From  a  fear 
of  too  great  alteration,  editors  are  apt  to 
accept  what  is  written  as  unquestionable. 
Their  attention  is  thus  laid  asleep,  and 
odd  results  often  ensue.  The  last  stanza 
of  the  Tom  o'  Bedlam  song  in  p.  205 
offers  an  example  : — 

With  a  host  of  furious  fancies, 
Whereof  I  am  commander, 
With  a  burning  spear. 
And  a  horse  of  air. 
To  the  wilderness  I  wander ; 


With  a  knight  of  ghosts  and  shadows 
I  summoned  am  to  tourney. 
Ten  leagues  beyond 
The  wide  world's  end ; 
Methinks  it  is  no  journey ! 

The  verb  '*  tourney  "  being  spelt  in  the 
original  and  here  printed  with  a  capital 
letter,  the  speaker  is  made  to  say  that  he 
is  summoned  ten  leagues  beyond  the  city 
of  Toumay  J 

We  will  merely  add,  as  an  instance  of 
one  of  our  former  remarks,  that  Dr.  Rim- 
bault has  found  another  version  (No.  liii.) 
of  what  Percy  justly  characterised  as  that 
excellent  song,  **  Love  will  find  out  his 
way,"  and,  whilst  some  of  Percy's  modifi- 
cations certainly  improve  it  in  polish, 
many  readings  here  are  decided  improve- 
ments upon  the  Percy  version. 

Modem  London  ;  ftr^  London  as  it  is, — 
Murray,  Svo.  1851.  lMtirray*8  Hand" 
book  for  Modem  London."] — London  as 
it  is,  no  longer  a  city,  but,  as  the  editor 
(Mr.  Peter  Cunningham)  reminds  us  it 
has  been  happily  termed  by  M.  Say,  a  pro- 
vince covered  with  houses,  is  an  admira- 
ble theme,  either  for  description  or  com- 
parison. Old  Rome  and  all  the  modem 
cities  of  the  civilised  world  are  excelled 
by  it,  not  merely  in  size,  but  in  its  multi- 
tudinous and  ever  increasing  accommo- 
dations and  conveniences,  and  still  more 
honourably  in  its  institutions,  charitable 
and  educational.  Many  of  its  peculiar 
features  are  delineated  in  the  work  before 
us,  and  even  persons  who  are  tolerably 
familiar  with  its  immensity  will  occasion- 
ally be  startled  at  some  of  the  extraordi- 
nary results.  Of  its  population  of  nearly 
two  millions  and  a-half,  23,517  are  en- 
tered in  the  London  Directory  as  master 
tailors,  28,579  as  bootmakers,  more  than 
40,000  as  milliners  and  dressmakers.  The 
domestic  servants  are  stated  by  Mr. 
Cunningham  to  "  amount  to  an  army  of 
168,701."  The  quantities  of  food  con- 
sumed  in  the  metropolis  in  the  year  1849 
are  altogether  inconceivable.  The  numbers 
as  given  by  Mr.  Cunningham  cease  to 
convey  any  manageable  ideas  to  the  mind. 
Their  immensity  cannot  be  grasped.  Lead- 
enhall  market  alone  supplied  4,024,400 
head  of  game ;  43,200,000  gallons  was  the 
consumption  of  porter  and  ale  ;  2,000,000 
gallons  that  of  spirits  ;  and  65,000 
pipes  that  of  wine.  The  consumption  of 
butchers'  meat  and  of  fish  is  equally  incon- 
ceivable. The  streets  of  London  if  put 
together  would  extend  3,000  miles  in 
length.  The  main  thoroughfares  are  tra- 
versed by  3,000  omnibuses  and  3,500  cabs, 
employing  40,000  horses.  The  number 
of  vessels  of  all  kinds  which  entered  the 
port  of  London  in  1848  was  32,145|  and 


406 


Miscellaneous  Beviews. 


[Oct. 


their  tonnage  5,060,956.  The  sailing 
vessels  belonging  to  London  in  1850 
numbered  2,735,  and  the  steamers  318, 
giving  employment  to  crews  amounting  to 
35,000  men  and  boys.  The  number  of 
gas  lights  in  the  streets  is  360,000  ;  the 
quantity  of  coals  consumed  annually  is 
3,000,000  tons,  **  the  smoke  of  which  has 
been  often  traced  as  far  as  Reading,32  miles 
distance,  where,  at  times,  it  was  so  dense 
that  the  elder  Herschel  was  unable  to  take 
observations  ; " — but  did  not  Herschel  live 
at  Slough,  which  is  full  ten  miles  nearer 
London  than  Reading  ? 

This  work  is  full  of  similar  extraordi- 
nary details,  but  the  cditor^s  principal  de- 
sign, as  explained  in  his  commencing 
paragraph,  is  to  place  himself  in  the  posi- 
tion of  a  guide  to  a  stranger,  giving  him 
all  requisite  information  respecting  where 
and  how  he  may  obtain  whatever  London 
can  provide  him  with,  and  informing  him 
what  there  is  to  be  seen,  where  it  is,  and, 
when  necessary,  how  he  is  to  obtain  ac- 
cess to  it.  In  doing  this,  and  especially 
in  reference  to  our  historical  notabitia,  the 
editor  has  to  a  certain  extent  availed  him- 
self of  his  former  work  ;  but  much  that  is 
stated  here  is  altogether  new,  and  espe- 
cially a  very  excellent  account  of  the 
Chrystal  Palace  and  its  contents.  Occa- 
sionally, but  very  seldom,  we  have  met 
with  little  omissions  and  blunders,  as 
for  example  : — Fox,  the  Martyrologist,  is 
registered  as  buried  in  St.  Giles's-in-the- 
Fields,  instead  of  in  St.  Giles's,  Cripple- 
gate;  but  we  have  never  referred  to  a 
book  containing  so  many  thousand  facts 
in  which  there  are  so  very  few  mistakes. 
Many  visitors  to  our  metropolis  have  no 
doubt  already  availed  themselves  with 
satisfaction  of  this  most  useful  work  ;  and 
even  stay-at-home  people  will  not  fail  to 
obtain  a  great  deal  of  novel  information 
from  its  pages,  whenever  they  refer  to 
them.  Lazy  uninquiring  home-keepers 
will  be  astonished  to  find  what  new  in- 
terest the  facts  and  traditions  which  are 
here  collected  throw  around  every  locality 
in  this  "  famous  London  town." 


Memorials  of  James  Mackneas,  Esq, 
M.D.  author  nf  »«  Hastings,  a  Resort  for 
Invalids f**  8fc.  Edited  by  the  Author  of 
**  Brampton  Rectory,^ ^  Sfc.  l9mo. — We 
regard  this  as  a  charming  piece  of  biogra^ 
phy,  alike  in  its  subject  and  in  the  mode 
in  which  it  is  treated.  Both  are  equally 
free  from  any  false  glitter  or  parade.  In 
Dr.  Muckuess  we  are  presented  with  a 
character  earnest  in  the  pursuit  of  science 
and  of  every  professional  accomplishment, 
and  at  the  same  time  earnest  in  those 
better  objects,  the  relief  and  consolation  of 


the  afflicted,  their  moral  ai  well  as  phy- 
sical alleviation,  their  temporal  peace  of 
mind,  and  their  eternal  happin^s.  Him- 
self the  victim  of  distressing  ill-health,  the 
lesson  he  derived  from  it  was  to  relieve 
his  fellow-creatures,  and  to  accompUah  all 
the  good  of  which  his  remaining  powem 
were  capable.  The  blessed  result  was 
that  he  effected  more  thaa  most  of  those 
whose  bodily  strength  is  greater,  and  per- 
haps even  their  mental  talents  saperior.  His 
biography  conveys  a  lesson  more  Talaablo 
than  any  that  are  to  be  derived  from  the 
lives  of  more  fortunate  or  more  able  men ; 
it  is  that  of  the  good  servant  who  has  con- 
scientiously improved  the  talents  com- 
mitted to  his  trust ;  and  sach  is  the  jad^ 
ment  and  good  taste  with  which  his  friend 
Miss  Howard  has  arranged  the  materials 
of  her  book  that  the  interest  arising  in  its 
perusal  is  kept  alive  to  the  end.  We  do 
not  enter  into  particulars,  as  the  slight 
outline  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Meekness,  wfaleh 
appeared  in  the  Obituary  of  oar  Maga- 
zine for  August,  will  be  sufficient  to  in- 
duce our  readers  to  welcome  the  present 
volume. 


The  West  of  England  and  tkeBxkihiHonj 
1851.  By  Herbert  Byng  Hall,  jr.i5.F.  8to. 
Lond.  1851. — Mr.  Hall  was  one  of  the 
agents  employed  by  the  Exhibition  Com- 
missioners in  the  organisation  of  local 
committees.  His  dis^ct  comprised  So- 
merset, Wilts,  and  a  part  of  Dorsetshire 
and  Devon.  As  he  flew  along  from  place 
to  place  he  made  notes  of  what  he  saw  and 
heard.  The  authority  under  which  ha 
travelled  rendered  him  a  welcome  gnest 
in  the  best  houses,  and  opened  to  him  all 
the  workshops  of  the  west.  The  book 
before  us  is  founded  upon  notes  taken 
during  his  journeys,  and  is  a  smart  kind  of 
medley  of  fact  and  fiction,  reflection  and 
description.  The  hurry  in  which  he  tra- 
velled necessarily  rendered  his  observa- 
tions imperfect,  and  the  same  hurry  seems 
to  have  accompanied  the  composition  of 
his  book  and  its  printing.  This  lament- 
able hurry  no  doubt  accounts  for  many 
things  having  crept  into  it  which  are  ex- 
tremely flippant,  inaccurate,  and  trifling. 

The  Cottage  Homes  qf  England;  or 
suggested  Designs  and  estimated  Cost  qf 
improved  Cottage  Erections.  By  J.  W. 
Stevenson.  8vo.  1851. —  This  little  book 
contains  the  details  of  a  snlject  which  lies 
at  the  beginning  of  all  satisfcctory  at- 
tempts to  improve  the  condition  of  onr 
labouring  classes.  The  author  treats  the 
question  practically,  and  his  book  will 
give  information  to  every  one  who  will 
consider  it 


407 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


BRITISH  ARCHJZOLOOICAL  ASSOCIATION. 

The  annual  congress  of  this  association 
commenced  at  Derby  on  Monday  the 
29th  of  August.  At  the  opening  meeting 
the  mayor  of  Derby,  Mr.  Douglas  Fox, 
presided.  In  the  evening  the  president, 
Sir  Oswald  Mosley,  Bart,  delivered  an 
inaugural  address  at  the  Athenaeum — in 
which  he  took  a  review  of  the  early  state 
of  the  county,  and  its  chief  historical  in- 
cidents. He  was  followed  byT.  J.  Petti- 
grew,  esq.  who  read  an  eloquent  essay  on 
the  advantages  and  pleasures  of  antiquarian 
research.  Sir  Fortunatus  Dwarris  also 
read  a  paper  on  the  local  laws,  courts,  and 
customs  of  Derbyshire. 

Tuetday,  Augtttt  20. — ^This  day  was 
occupied  in  an  excursion  to  Chesterfield, 
Bolsover  Castle,  Hard  wick  Hall,  and 
South  Wingfield.  At  Chesterfield  the 
party  was  met  by  the  Yen.  Archdeacon 
Hill  and  by  G.  Heathcote,  esq.  and  were 
by  them  conducted  to  the  church.  At 
Bolsover  castle  they  were  entertained  by 
the  Rev.  Hamilton  Gray,  and  his  lady  the 
author  of  *' The  Sepulchres  ofEtruria," 
who  exhibited  their  choice  assemblage  of 
Etruscan  vases,  and  a  rich  and  varied  col- 
lection of  works  of  art.  Among  them  is 
a  ring  containing  a  portrait  of  Mary 
Queen  of  Scots ;  a  pair  of  pistols  which 
belonged  to  Prince  Charles  Edward ;  the 
square  hat  and  the  mitre  of  Cardinal 
York,  &c.  &c.  The  Duke  of  Devonshire 
provided  a  collation  for  the  party  at  Hard- 
wick  hall.  At  South  Wingfield  they  were 
met  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Halton,  the  owner 
of  the  estate,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Erring- 
ton,  who  read  an  historical  and  descriptive 
memoir  on  that  interesting  remain. 

Wednesday f  August  21. — The  next  day 
was  occupied  in  visiting  Chatsworth, 
Bakewell,  Youlgreave,  and  Haddon  Hall. 
At  Chatsworth  the  party  was  received  by 
the  Hon.  G.  H.  Cavendish,  M.P.  (the 
Duke  of  Devonshire  excusing  himself  from 
having  just  heard  of  the  death  of  his  friend 
the  Earl  of  Clare,)  and  Mr.  Paxton.  At 
Bakewell  the  Rev.  F.  Cornish,  Vicar  of 
the  parish,  and  F.  Barker,  esq.  conducted 
the  party  over  the  church ;  and  they  next 
repaired  to  Lomberdale  hall,  the  residence 
of  Thomas  Bateman,  esq.  where  they  in- 
spected his  large  collection  of  antiquities, 
chiefly  excavated  from  barrows  in  the  vi- 
cinity ;  to  Youlgreave  church  ;  and  lastly 
to  Haddon  Hall.  His  Grace  the  Duke  of 
Rutland  was  here  waiting  to  receive  them; 
and  a  memoir  on  the  history  and  archi- 
tectural characteristics  of  the  mansion  was 


read  by  Mr.  Duesbury.  The  Duke  after* 
wards  addressed  the  company,  and  ez« 
hibited  two  documents  he  had  brought  for 
their  inspection,  1.  a  licence  from  John 
earl  of  Mortaine,  when  regent,  in  the 
absence  of  his  brother  king  Richard  I.  to 
Richard  Vernon  to  inclose  his  house  at 
Haddon  with  a  wall  twelve  feet  high  with- 
out loopholes,  witnessed  by  Robert  de 
Mara  at  Clipston,  in  the  year  1193  ;  2.  a 
bull  of  Pope  Alexander  IV.  a.d.  1261| 
addressed  to  the  bishop  of  Coventry, 
granting  permission  to  Sir  Richard  de 
Harthill  to  have  a  chaplain  in  his  house 
at  Harthill. 

After  the  return  to  Derby,  an  evening 
meeting  was  held  at  the  Athsneum ;  at 
which  papers  were  read — On  some  of  the 
ancient  monastic  institutions  of  Derby- 
shire, by  J.  O.  Halliwell,  esq.;  On  the 
armorial  bearings  of  Ferrers  and  Peverel, 
by  J.  R.  Planch^,  esq. ;  and.  On  the  ancient 
customs  of  Derbyshire,  by  Llewellyn 
Jewitt,  esq. 

Mr.  Eaton  Mousley,  the  Steward  of 
the  Great  Barmote  Court,  said — that  con- 
sidering the  antiquity  of  the  mineral  laws, 
which  related  to  the  Queen's  Field,  within 
the  soke  and  wapentake  of  Wirksworth, 
he  had  brought  the  standard  dish,  kept  in 
the  Moot  Hall,  to  be  exhibited  that  even- 
ing. The  dish  is  composed  of  brass,  of 
very  curious  workmanship,  and  has  the 
following  inscription:  — 

"This  Dishe  was  made  the  iiij.  day  of  Oc- 
tober the  iiij.  yeare  of  the  reigne  of  kyng 
Henry  the  viij.  before Georxe  Earle  of  Shrewea- 
bury,  Steward  of  the  kyngs  most  Honourable 
Household,  and  also  Steward  of  all  the  honour 
of  Tutbery  by  the  assent  and  consent  as  wele 
of  all  the  mynors  as  of  all  the  brenners  within 
and  at  adjoynync^  the  Lordship  of  Wyrkys- 
wortb  per  eel  of  the  said  honour.  This  Dishe 
to  remayne  in  the  moot  hall  at  Wyrkysworth 
bangyng  by  a  cheyne,  so  as  the  roerchanntes 
or  mynours  may  have  resorte  to  the  same  at 
all  tymea  to  make  the  tru  mesure  after  the 
same." 

By  this  dish  the  miners  were  required 
to  regulate  their  dishes  at  every  half-yearly 
court. 

Mr.  Mousley  also  exhibited  a  leathern 
jug,  commonly  called  the  "  black  jack," 
which  was  used  by  the  miners  ;  two  ancient 
shovels,  by  Which  the  lead  ore  was  re- 
moved from  the  mine  into  the  dish ;  as 
well  as  pieces  of  iron  used  to  get  ore,  ac- 
cording to  the  plug-and-feather  system. 
He  produced  a  battle-axe  of  ancient  date, 
found  at  Brassington,  of  which  he  (Mr. 
M.)  is  lord  of  the  manor,  and  a  curioue 
piece  of  lead  found  near  to  a  Roman  sta- 
tion, within  the  Queen's  Field,  and  which 


408 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Oct 


showed  that  the  ore  was  smelted  by  means 
of  heath  or  furze  set  on  firei  without  fur- 
naces. 

Thursday  J  August  21. — An  excursion 
was  made  to  Rolleston  hall,  Tutbury 
church  and  castle,  Norbury,  and  Ash- 
bourne. The  first-mentioned  place  is  the 
seat  of  Sir  Oswald  Mosley,  the  president, 
who  provided  a  substantial  breakfast.  At 
Tutbury  Mr.  Baity  gave  an  interesting 
account  of  the  church.  The  plain  cylin- 
drical piers  in  the  nave  are  clearly  charac- 
teristic of  a  very  early  period,  of  a  date 
anterior  to  1100.  Some  recent  excava- 
tions have  proved  that  the  chancel  had  a 
semicircular  apse,  flanked  probably  by 
side  chapels.  Among  its  ruins  were  found 
some  curious  fragments  of  stained  glass. 
At  Norbury,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Broughton,  the 
Rector,  read  a  paper  on  the  history  of  the 
church.  Its  spacious  chancel,  which  is 
48  feet  in  length  by  20  in  width,  divided 
from  the  church  by  a  handsome  oak 
screen,  is  lighted  by  nine  magnificent  win- 
dows, filled  with  the  richest  stained  glass. 
It  was  restored  in  1843,  previous  to  which 
the  east  window  was  filled  in  with  bricks 
and  plaster.  At  Ashbourne,  after  viewing 
the  church,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Errington,  the 
Rector,  read  a  paper  on  the  knightly  family 
of  Cokayne ;  after  which  the  party  re- 
turned to  Derby. 

In  the  evening,  at  the  Athenaeum,  papers 
were  read — by  Mr.  Bateman  on  the  bar- 
rows opened  by  him  at  various  times  in 
the  hilly  districts  near  Bakewell ; — by  Mr. 
Hey  wood,  M.P.  on  the  Commission  of 
1689,  appointed  to  prepare  alterations  in 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer ; — by  Mr. 
Reed,  on  some  Sepulchral  Brasses  ; — and 
by  Mr.  Pettigrew,  on  the  discovery  of  the 
ancient  city  of  Sharcos  in  Sardinia. 

We  extract  from  Mr.  Batcman's  paper 
(one  of  the  most  valuable  read  at  the  Con- 


gress), some  notices  of  researchet  made 
by  that  gentleman  which  we  believe  were 
not  previously  published.* 

1 .  About  the  middle  of  the  sammer  of 
1848,  a  barrow  upon  the  borders  of  Staf- 
fordshire was  opened,  which  consisted  of 
a  mound  of  earth  and  pebbles,  fourteen 
yards  across,  and  two  feet  high,  coveriof 
a  cist  placed  at  its  centre,  which  was  com- 
posed of  three  large  flat  stones,  one  end 
being  left  open,  and  having  the  floorjpaved 
with  thin  slabs  of  blue  limestone.  Within 
this  cist  was  a  large  skeleton,  near  the 
head  of  which  was  placed  a  pecaliarly  ele- 
gant and  highly  ornamented  drinkuag  cup 
8^  inches  high,  inside  of  which  were  two 
modelling  tools  made  from  the  ribs  of 
some  animal,  two  beantlfully  chipped 
barbed  arrows,  and  a  spear-bead  of  white 
flint ;  outside  the  vase,  two  more  similar 
arrow-heads  were  found.  In  other  parts 
of  the  mound,  numerous  pieces  of  hnman 
bone,  stag's  horn,  &c.  were  found,  alio  a 
neat  circular-ended  flint.  As  far  as  the 
cutting  extended,  which  might  be  five 
yards,  it  exposed  a  row  of  large  boaldert 
of  hard  red  grit,  laid  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground  on  which  the  tumulus  was  raised  ; 
the  smaller  stones  which  lay  near  these 
were  almost  converted  into  lime,  and  were 
mixed  with  charcoal  and  caldned  bones. 
The  head  and  bones  of  this  skeleton  were 
of  remarkable  size. 

2.  A  barrow  opened  near  Middleton- 
by- Youlgreave,  in  March,  1848.  It  was  of 
very  small  size,  indeed,  both  as  to  diame- 
ter and  height,  but  was,  perhaps,  much 
reduced,  being  situated  in  a  field  that  had 
been  regularly  cultivated  for  a  considera- 
ble time ;  fortunately  the  contents,  with 
the  exception  of  one  skeleton,  which  lay 
near  the  top,  had  been  placed  in  a  smaU 
inclosure  of  stone  sunk  a  few  inches  be- 
neath the  natural  surface.    The  primary 


*  The  researches  of  Mr.  Bateman  (which  have  been  communicated  from  time  to 
time  to  the  Association)  are  some  of  the  most  successful  that  have  ever  been  made,  as 
a  reference  to  his  Vestiges  of  the  Antiquities  of  Derbyshire,  published  in  1848,  will 
demonstrate.  His  reports  are  particularly  important,  for  the  facts  and  details  with 
which  they  abound  are  authenticated  by  his  personal  observation.  The  field,  however, 
which  Mr.  Bateman  has  chosen  for  his  investigations,  in  former  times  had  but  few  if 
any  explorers  so  patient  and  careful  as  himself,  and  there  will  be  required  a  vast  acca- 
mulation  of  authenticated  materials  before  deductions  from  the  crania  found  in  barrowt 
can  be  received  other  than  as  contributions  towards  a  system,  and  it  is  probable  that 
many  opinions  now  held  by  the  principal  archseologists  will  be  a  good  deal  modified  by 
further  evidence.  Thus  we  can  hardly  incline  to  think  that  the  ornaments,  of  Kim- 
meridge  schale,  such  as  are  referred  to  by  Mr.  Bateman,  were  worked  with  flint  tools; 
and  we  think  that  many  barrows  to  which  an  indefinitely  remote  antiquity  fi  assigned 
will  be  determined  of  later  date,  and,  vice  versd,  that  some  may  be  more  anc&ent  than  it 
generally  believed.  We  hope  Mr.  Bateman  will  prosecute  his  laudable  researches;  and 
we  would  venture  to  draw  his  attention  to  the  recent  discoveries  made  by  Herr 
Worsaae  in  Denmark,  noticed  in  our  July  number,  as  no  doubt  such  traces  of  the 
aborigines  of  Britain  may  be  found,  although  as  yet  unnoticed. — Edit, 
9 


1851.] 


The  British  Archaeological  Association. 


409 


interment  consisted  of  the  skeleton  of  a 
female  in  the  prime  of  life,  and  that  of  a 
child  apparently  about  four  years  of  age. 
The  former  had  been  placed  upon  the  floor 
of  the  grave,  on  her  left  side,  with  the 
knees  contracted ;  her  child  was  placed 
above  her,  and  rather  behind  her  shoulders ; 
they  were  both  surrounded  and  covered 
with  rats'  bones  innumerable,  and  near 
the  female  lay  a  cow's  tooth,  an  article 
almost  invariably  found  with  the  more 
ancient  interments.  Round  the  neck  of 
the  adult  skeleton  was  a  necklace  of  vari- 
ously shaped  beads  and  ornaments  of 
Kimmeridge  coal  and  bone,  upon  the 
whole,  something  like  those  found  at  Cow 
Low,  in  1846,  and  described  in  the  Journal 
of  the  Association.  The  various  pieces 
found  upon  the  present  occasion  are  420 
in  number ;  this  large  number  is  accounted 
for  by  the  fact  that  328  of  the  beads  are 
of  very  small  size ;  54  of  them  are  of  a 
larger  cylindrical  shape,  and  the  remain- 
ing 18  are  studs  and  plates,  some  of  which 
are  ornamented  with  punctured  devices. 
Taken  altogether,  the  necklace  is  a  sur- 
prising example  of  primitive  industry,  and 
the  time  consumed  in  forming  it  under 
the  disadvantages,  resulting  from  imperfect 
tools  of  flint  or  stone,  must  have  been  very 
considerable  indeed ;  but  when  we  take 
into  account  the  spare  time  at  the  dis- 
posal of  savages,  who  lived  by  the  chase, 
and  who  had  no  mental  employment,  we 
cease  to  feel  surprise  at  such  proofs  of 
laborious  idleness.  There  does  not  appear 
to  be  any  great  difference  in  the  foi*m  of 
the  sculls  of  those  individuals,  who  lived 
during  the  earliest  metallurgic  ages ;  in 
some  instances  their  mode  of  interments 
partakes  more  of  the  nature  of  grave 
burials,  holes  being  sunk  in  the  rock 
wherein  to  deposit  the  body,  over  which 
was  piled  the  sepulchral  mound,  some- 
times to  a  very  large  size  ;  but,  from  the 
prevailing  shortened  formation  of  the  cra- 
niums,  Mr.  Bateman  is  of  the  opinion  that 
the  race  is  identical  with  the  last  described, 
and  consequently  infers,  that  the  transition 
to  the  use  of  metal  was  not  brought  about 
either  suddenly  or  by  means  of  any  hostile 
irruption  or  colonization. 

3.  In  June  1848,  was  examined  a  muti- 
lated barrow,  not  very  far  from  Mining- 
low,  which  had  originally  been  about  four 
feet  in  height ;  it  consisted  of  tempered 
and  compact  earth  down  to  the  natural 
level,  below  which,  in  the  centre  of  the 
tumulus,  there  appeared  a  fabric  of  very 
large  stones,  the  two  uppermost  of  which 
were  placed  vertically,  whilst  all  the  rest 
were  laid  in  an  horizontal  position,  with- 
out any  design  or  order,  save  that  the 
lowest  course  was  laid  hollow,  so  as  not 
to  be  in  contact  with  the  floor  of  the  ex- 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


cavation,  in  the  interior  of  which  they 
were  piled  up,  and  which  was  cut  out  at 
least  eight  feet  below  the  natural  surface  ; 
thus  rendering  the  entire  depth,  from  the 
summit  of  the  barrow,  about  twelve  feet. 
Underneath  these  large  stones  was  laid 
the  skeleton  of  a  man  of  fine  proportions, 
apparently  the  only  individual  interred  in 
the  hill.  When  buried  he  had  been  enve- 
loped in  a  skin,  the  hairy  covering  of 
which  was  in  many  places  apparent,  par- 
ticularly 80  upon  the  verdigris  covering 
both  a  bronze  dagger  and  celt  of  the  same 
metal,  which  were  discovered  with  the 
skeleton  ;  on  the  latter  instrument  there 
are  also  distinct  impressioni  of  fern  leaves, 
handfuls  of  which,  in  a  decayed  state, 
surrounded  the  bones  from  head  to  feet. 
From  these  leaves  being  only  discernible 
on  one  side  of  the  celt,  whilst  the  other 
side  presents  traces  of  the  hide  alone,  it  is 
very  evident  that  the  fern  was  strewed 
over  and  around  the  body,  which  was 
clothed  in  a  skin  at  the  time  of  inter- 
ment. The  position  of  the  relics  accom- 
panying the  body  was  well  ascertained, 
and  is  further  evidenced  by  the  bronze, 
whilst  in  process  of  corrosion,  having 
stained  the  bones  where  it  had  been  in 
contact  with  a  beautiful  green.  A  small 
flat  circular  bead  of  jet  or  schale,  and  a 
circular  flint,  lay  close  to  the  head ;  the 
bronze  dagger  lay  in  contact  with  the 
upper  bone  of  the  left  arm,  and  against 
the  middle  of  the  left  thigh  bone  was  de- 
posited the  bronze  celt,  with  its  cutting 
edge  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  skele- 
ton. The  former  weapon  retained  its 
sharp  edge,  and  had  originally  been  fiu- 
tened  into  a  horn  handle  by  two  broad 
rivets  ;  the  celt  was  of  the  plainest  form, 
without  any  socket,  and  appeared  to  have 
been  inserted  into  a  wooden  shaft  for 
about  two  inches  from  the  narrow  end. 
Here  the  connected  chain  of  the  sepul- 
chral monuments  of  the  ancients  appears 
to  break  off,  as  Mr.  Bateman  has  never 
yet  observed  a  single  implement  of  the 
more  advanced  ages  of  the  bronze  period 
in  any  tumulus.  He  is,  therefore,  at  a 
loss  to  decide  whether  the  more  artificially 
formed  palstaves,  celts,  spears,  swords, 
&c.  are  to  be  regarded  merely  as  farther 
developments  of  the  primitive  bronze 
weapons,  or,  whether  they  are  not  evi- 
dences of  the  admixture  of  a  foreign  ele- 
ment amongst  the  ancient  population.  It 
will  at  once  be  seen  that  some  consider- 
able change  in  customs  took  place  at  the 
period  of  their  introduction,  otherwi^ 
they  would  be  found  in  the  barrows  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  earlier  implements  ; 
and  it  will  likewise  not  escape  observation 
that  this  circumstance  prevents  our  ascer- 
taining anything  Arom  the  bones  with  re? 

3G 


410 


Antiqtuirian  Researches. 


[Oct 


gard  to  the  race  who  fabricated  or  used 
them.  He  is  disposed  to  think  that  the 
interments  of  this  period  are  to  be  looked 
for  in  the  calcined  bones  contained  in 
small  and  well-baked  funereal  urns,  which 
are  sometimes  found  in  barrows  which 
contain  no  unbumt  remains.  The  tu- 
muli upon  Stanton  Moor,  near  Bakewell, 
are  probably  of  this  kind ;  most  of  them 
were  roughly  opened  during  the  last  cen- 
tury, and  many  urns  of  superior  character 
were  found  in  them. 

4.  About  twelve  months  since  was  ex- 
cavated a  finely-shaped  barrow  of  earth, 
with  a  few  stones  in  the  middle,  situated 
at  no  great  distance  from  Taddington; 
the  dimensions  of  which  were  about  se- 
venteen yards  across,  and  four  feet  high  at 
the  centre,  where  a  shallow  grave  about  a 
foot  deep  was  sunk  in  the  rock  on  pur- 
pose to  contain  the  body,  which  had  been 
laid  with  the  head  towards  the  west  and 
the  feet  to  the  contrary  point;  beneath 
the  fragments  of  bone  were  many  remains 
of  short  hair  of  a  light  colour,  and  beneath 
the  hair  was  a  considerable  quantity  of 
decayed  wood.  To  the  left  of  the  body, 
which  had  been  extended  at  full  length, 
was  a  broad  sword  one  yard  long,  inclosed 
in  a  sheath  of  thin  wood,  outwardly  co- 
vered with  ornamented  leather,*  under 
the  handle  of  the  sword  was  a  very  small 
knife  also  of  iron.  Amongst  the  stone, 
about  a  foot  from  the  bottom  of  the  grave, 
were  many  fragments  of  corroded  iron, 
and  the  nails  by  which  they  had  been  at- 
tached to  wood ;  also  two  small  javelin  heads 
four  and  a  half  inches  long  ;  the  relative 
position  of  the  latter  with  the  body  was 
at  a  short  distance  over  the  right  shoulder. 
The  iron  articles  included  nine  loops  of 
hoop  iron,  eight  staples  or  eyes,  which 
have  been  clenched  through  boards  about 
an  inch  thick,  and  one  or  two  other  ob- 
jects, the  use  of  which  is  not  very  evident ; 
indeed,  a  good  deal  of  obscurity  attends 
any  solution  of  the  purpose  for  which  the 
whole  of  them  were  originally  constructed. 
The  sword  is  of  the  form  usually  attri- 
buted to  the  Saxons,  and  is  mainly  re- 
markable as  possessing  a  very  small  han- 
dle, the  space  allotted  to  which  is  not 
more  than  four  inches  :  how  the  owner 
was  able  to  manage  so  weighty  a  weapon, 
with  so  short  a  handle,  is  rather  surpris- 
ing, but  it  is  supposed  that  the  hands  and 
feet  of  the  ancient  inhabitants  of  Britain 
were  much  smaller  than  those  of  the 
present  generations.   We  never  meet  with 


•  The  sheath  of  a  Saxon  sword  very  re- 
cently found  at  Strood,  in  Kent,  appears 
to  have  been  of  wood,  covered  with  a  sub- 
stance resembling  shagreen.  —  See  Mr. 
C.  R.  Smith's  Collectanea  Antiqua,  U.  158. 


the  impressions  of  woven  ftibrics  on  the 
rust  of  bronze  weapons,  though  such  evi- 
dences of  refinement  and  civUisation  are 
generally  to  be  observed  npon  implements 
deposited  during  the  iron  period,  whether 
of  that  metal  or  the  more  remotely  dis- 
covered bronze. 

Friday,  Augtat  22. — ^An  ezenrsion  was 
made  to  Melbourne,  the  hermitage  of 
Anchor -church  in  Foremark  Park,  and 
Repton.  At  Melbourne  two  papers  were 
read ;  the  first  on  the  church,  oy  the  Rer. 
Joseph  Deans  the  Vicar,  and  the  other  on 
the  general  topography  and  history  of  the 
place,  by  J.  J.  Briggs,  esq.  At  Repton 
Mr.  Ashpitel  delivered  an  address  on  tlie 
architecture  of  the  church  and  its  crypt, 
urging  that  part  of  the  edifice  is  un- 
doubtedly Saxon.  The  crypt  is  evidently 
copied  from  Roman  work ;  each  colnnm 
having  a  diminution  and  a  sweU,  fx  en- 
tasis, always  found  in  that,  but  not  in 
subsequent  styles.  Some  of  the  columns 
are  also  twisted  in  a  style  Uke  Roman. 
Mr.  Ashpitel  further  noticed  two  mde 
imposts,  strongly  resembling  those  at 
Worth  church  in  Sussex,  which  has  been 
considered  Saxon,  and  those  at  Stoke 
d'Abernon.  (Mr.  Ashpitel's  paper  has 
been  published  in  The  Builder  of  the  13th 
Sept.)  In  the  evening  a  public  dinner 
was  celebrated  at  the  Royal  Hotel  in 
Derby,  Sir  Oswald  Mosley  in  the  chair. 

Saturday f  August  23.— Tlds  morning 
the  congress  was  entertained  to  a  break- 
fast in  the  Athenaeum,  at  the  expense  of 
Augustus  Fox,  esq.  the  Mayor  :  after 
which  several  papers  were  read.  1.  On 
the  burlesque  ceremony  of  electing  a  mayor 
at  Newcastle-under-Lyne,  contrSmted  by 
Mr.  J.  Mayer,  of  Liverpool.  It  appeared 
that  this  custom  originated  from  Uie  bar- 
gesses  considering  themselves  unduly  de- 

E rived  of  the  right  of  election  by  the  mem- 
ers  of  the  corporation ;  it  was  maintained 
partly  in  remembrance  of  their  presumed 
rights,  and  partly  as  a  popular  holiday, 
for  the  period  of  230  years.  2.  Dr.  Lee 
read  a  paper  on  Egyptian  papyri.  3.  Mr. 
Reed  read  some  extracts  from  parochial 
records,  and  a  few  notices  of  the  muni- 
cipal afilairs  of  Derby.  4.  Mr.  Briggs 
communicated  an  account  of  some  anti- 
quities discovered  at  Borrowash.  The 
sittings  of  the  congress  were  then  declared 
closed  I  the  remainder  of  the  day  being 
spent  in  visiting  the  Roman  station  of 
Derventio  at  Little  Chester,  and  the 
church  of  Morley.  The  latter  is  remark- 
able for  its  windows  of  stained  glass 
brought  from  Dale  Abbey,  its  principal  % 
subjects  being  the  history  of  the  invenm>n 
of  the  Holy  Cross,  and  that  of  Saint  Robert 
of  Dale,  and  which  were  restored  abont 
four  years  ago. 


1851.]        The  ArchcBologieal  Institute  of  Great  Britain. 


411 


MEETING  OP  THE  ARCHiBOLOQICAL 
INSTITUTE  AT  BRISTOL. 

{Continued /rom  p.  306.) 

The  Architectural  Section  met  ia 
the  Chapter  House,  when  the  first  paper 
read  contained  some  remarks  by  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Richardson  (the  sculptor  recently 
employed  in  the  restoration  of  two  of  the 
statues),  on  the  sculptures  of  the  west 
front  of  Wells  Cathedral.  He  remarked 
that  many  of  the  erect  statues  equal,  if 
not  excel,  the  finest  examples  of  internal 
and  carefully  wrought  monumental  effigies, 
and  for  artistic  skill  and  excellence  are 
not  surpassed  by  any  contemporary  works 
on  the  continent.  Their  draperies  and 
close  transcripts  from  natare  remind  us 
of  the  purely  classic  age  ;  the  figures  are 
simple,  truthful,  and  sublime.  The  smaller 
compositions  (illustrations  of  Holy  Writ) 
are  extremely  chaste  and  dignified,  and 
the  resurrection  subjects  full  of  fine  action 
and  careful  anatomical  development;  even 
to  the  minutest  details  in  the  costumes  the 
greatest  attention  has  been  paid.  Mr. 
Richardson  then  proceeded  to  point  out 
that  much  injury  has  been  continually 
done  to  these  sculptures  whenever  a  ladder 
or  scaffolding  has  been  applied  for  mending 
windows  or  other  trifling  repair,  and  also 
by  the  custom  of  swinging  a  man  from 
above  to  clear  away  weeds,  and  still  more 
by  iron  clamps  unwisely  inserted  in  the 
Btone-work  of  the  angular  foliations,  which 
have  destroyed  the  stone  by  oxydation. 
He  recommends  the  use  of  a  moveable 
scaffold  in  future,  and  that  every  oppor- 
tunity should  be  taken  to  supply  new  sub- 
plinths  of  lias,  as  well  as  shafts  of  the 
same  material,  the  colour  of  which  con- 
trasts, according  to  the  original  intention 
of  the  design,  against  the  warmer  Doulting 
stone.  By  the  recent  expenditure  of  the 
Dean  and  Chapter,  aided  by  the  lay  con- 
tributions of  R.  filakemore,  esq.  M.P. 
and  J.  H.  Markland,  esq.  the  noble  but- 
tress south  of  the  west  entrance  has  been 
put  into  efficient  repair,  and  the  statues  it 
contains  of  King  Edward  the  Elder  and 
Athelmus  the  first  bishop  are  substantially 
restored. 

Charles  Winston,  esq.  communicated  an 
account  of  the  remains  of  ancient  Stained 
Glass  in  the  Cathedral  and  Mayor^s  Chapel 
at  Bristol,  and  in  the  Cathedral  at  Wells. 

Mr.  J.  A.  Clark,  architect,  of  Bristol, 
read  a  paper  descriptive  of  the  ancient 
sepulchral  monuments  in  the  various 
churches  of  the  city ;  and  Mr.  Pope  after- 
wards accompanied  the  company  round  the 
Mayor's  Chapel. 

The  afternoon  was  spent  by  the  greater 
part  of  the  company  in  visiting  Mr. 
Miles's  collection  of  pictures  at  Lteigh 


Court.     In  the  evening  some  papers  were 
read  in  the  Theatre  of  the  Institution. 

The  first  was  by  D.  W.  Nash,  esq.  F.L.S. 
M.R.S.L.  Foreign  Secretary  of  the  Syro- 
Egyptian  Society,  on  the  Kassiteros  of  the 
Greeks  and  the  name  Kassiterides  applied 
to  the  British  islands.  From  various  pas- 
sages of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures  the  author 
shewed  that  the  true  Semitic  name  of  tin 
was  buedel,  whilst  the  keset,  kashvat,  or 
keschita,  from  which  the  Greeks  derived 
their  word  kassiteros,  was  some  other 
metal  or  metallic  compound.  Among  the 
metallic  substances  represented  on  the 
monuments  of  Egypt  is  one  termed  kesbet, 
sometimes  represented  in  the  shape  of 
ingots,  at  others  in  a  rough  state.  It  was 
clearly  not  tin,  but  some  substance  capable 
of  producing  a  blue  colour ;  but  that  it 
was  not  copper  alone  appears  from  the 
name  mofk  given  to  the  latter  metal.  In 
an  inscription  at  Karnac  it  is  said,  *'  Be- 
hold the  chiefs  of  this  land  bring  tribute 
of  gold,  of  silver,  of  kesbet,  and  of  copper." 
The  extensive  use  of  bronze  among  the 
ancients  strengthens  the  opinion  that  the 
kassiteros  of  the  Greeks  was  a  bronze,  or 
a  mixture  of  tin  and  copper.  Mr.  Nash 
concludes  therefore  that  the  kassiteros, 
or  kesbet,  brought  from  Cornwall  by 
the  Phoenicians,  was  not  tin,  but  an 
alloy  of  that  metal  with  copper,  which 
formed  an  important  article  of  commerce 
with  the  Egyptians  among  other  nations 
of  antiquity.  Metallic  tin,  in  the  shape 
of  grains,  or  stream  tin,  budel,  was  also 
no  doubt  largely  exported  by  the  Phoe* 
nician  merchants,  as  well  for  the  purposes 
of  their  purple  dye,  as  for  other  processes 
of  manufacture  ;  but  the  application  of 
the  name  kassiteros  to  this  metal  appears 
to  have  originated  in  a  mistake  of  the 
Greeks. 

William  Tyson,  esq.  F.S.A.  read  a  paper 
relating  to  some  public  transactions  in 
Bristol,  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI.  and 
Edward  lY.  It  was  principally  founded 
upon  a  document  preserved  in  the  city 
archives,  being  an  account  of  the  dispend- 
ing  of  eleven  barrels  of  gunpowder,  salt- 
petre, and  brimstone  powder,  received 
from  Harry  May  in  the  time  of  William 
Canynge,  mayor :  referring  incidentally 
to  the  opposing  forces  of  the  Duke  of 
Somerset  and  the  Duke  of  York,  and  to 
the  raising  and  purveying  of  an  army  of 
ships  to  the  ports  of  Wales,  against 
Jasper  Earl  of  Pembroke.  The  docu- 
ment is  undated,  but  is  supposed  to  belong 
to  the  year  1461  or  1462.  The  transac- 
tions to  which  it  refers  appear  to  have 
partly  taken  place  shortly  before  the  bat- 
tle of  St.  Alban's  in  1455,  where  the 
Duke  of  Somerset  was  slain,  and  partly  a 
few  years  later. 


412 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[Oct 


The  last  paper  read  this  evening  was 
one  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Papworth,  intended  to 
show  the  common  origin  of  many  families 
whose  names  are  now  apparently  diffe- 
rent, from  the  identity  or  similarity  of 
their  armorial  bearings.  From  want  of 
minute  evidence  the  writer  failed  to  prove 
more  than  much  variety  and  discrepancy 
in  the  orthography  of  surnames  in  he- 
raldic MSS.,  which  may  arise  in  some 
measure  from  clerical  errors,  or,  on  the 
other  hand,  from  the  unauthorised  as- 
sumption of  armorial  bearings  on  the 
mere  ground  of  a  similarity  of  name, 
which  we  know  has  been  frequently  and 
indeed  commonly  done  during  the  two 
last  centuries. 

Saturday^  August  2.  In  the  Histo> 
CAL  Section  the  first  paper  read  was 
one  by  Samuel  Lucas,  esq.  M.A.,  *'  On 
the  connection  of  Bristol  with  the  party 
of  De  Montfort."  It  comprehended  a 
sketch  from  a  local  point  of  view  of  the 
first  appearance  of  the  boroughs  generally 
in  a  political  combination  opposed  to  the 
Crowh.  Mr.  Lucas  cited  Wikes  and 
Robert  of  Gloucester  to  show  the  animus 
of  certain  associations  of  the  younger 
burghers,  who  called  themselves  Bachilarii, 
in  favour  of  Montfort's  attack  on  the 
prerogative.  And  incidentally  to  the 
proofs  which  he  then  adduced  of  the  close 
identification  of  Bristol  with  this  move- 
ment, he  referred  to  the  subsequent  cap- 
tore  of  Montfort's  daughter,  Alianor,  on 
which  Mr.  Dallaway  has  founded  his 
hypothesis  as  to  the  meaning  of  the  de- 
sign and  legend  of  one  of  the  Bristol  seals. 
By  an  extract  from  the  Exchequer  Roll, 
Mr.  Lucas  showed  that  the  passage  in 
Walsingham  on  which  Mr.  Dallaway  has 
rested  his  conjecture,  and  which  states 
that  only  four  citizens  were  engaged  in  the 
capture,  and  which  thus  suggests  the  theory 
of  a  surprise,  is  an  incorrect  statement, 
inasmuch  as  the  extract  contains  an  ac- 
count of  the  rewards  which  were  granted 
to  the  crews  of  four  ships.  Mr.  Lucas 
concluded  with  a  general  estimate  of  the 
influence  of  the  Barons'  War  upon  our 
subsequent  history. 

The  next  paper  was  read  by  John  Go  ugh 
Nichols,  esq.,  F.S.A.,  on  the  descent  of 
the  Earldom  of  Gloucester,  a  dignity  inti- 
mately connected  with  the  history  of  Bris- 
tol. This  Earldom  was  first  created  by 
King  Henry  I,,  in  favour  of  his  natural 
son  Robert,  (whose  mother  was  Nesta, 
daughter  of  Rhys  ap  Tudor,  Prince  of 
South  Wales,)  upon  his  marriage  with  the 
only  daughter  of  Robert  Fitz  Hamon,  the 
Domesday  Lord  of  Bristol,  Tewkesbury, 
and  Cardiff;  and  there  were  afterwards 
nine  other  Earls,  of  six  different  families, 
until  the  execution  and  attainder  of  Thomas 


le  Despenser,  the  tenth  and  last  Earl, 
shortly  after  the  accession  of  Henry  IV. 
The  most  curious  points  in  the  descent  of 
the  Earldom  were  its  disposition  upon  the 
failure  of  male  heirs  upon  two  occasions, 
at  each  of  which  there  were  three  co- 
heiresses ;  and  the  enjoyment  of  the  dig- 
nity by  the  second  husband  of  a  Countess 
Dowager,  which  occurred  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  I.  William  the  second  Earl,  son 
and  successor  of  Robert,  died  in  1173, 
leaving  three  daughters,  Mabella  Countess 
of  Evreux,  Amicia  Countess  of  Clare,  and 
Isabella,  unmarried.  The  Earldom  being 
indivisible,  it  was  the  King*s  prerogatiTe 
to  bestow  it  on  which  of  the  hieiresses  he 
pleased,  and  the  youngest  bdngat  his  dis- 
posal, Henry  II.  gave  it,  with  her,  to  his 
own  son  John,  afterwards  King.  John 
was  Earl  of  Gloucester  during  the  reign  of 
his  brother  Richard,  but  usually  went  by 
the  title  of  his  Norman  Earldom  of  Mor- 
taine.  Shortly  after  his  accession  to  the 
throne,  he  divorced  his  wife,  who  had  no 
children  by  him,  and  she  was  re-married 
to  Geoffrey  Earl  of  Essex,  who  also  be- 
came Earl  of  Gloucester  in  her  right.  Bat 
as  she  died  without  issue  it  was  next  as- 
signed to  Amaury  de  Montfort,  Comte  of 
Evreux,  son  of  the  eldest  sister  Mabeiia  ; 
and  finally  to  Gilbert  de  Clare,  Earl  of 
Hertford,  son  of  the  second  sister  Amicia. 
There  were  four  Earls  of  Gloucester  of  the 
family  of  Clare ;  and  it  was  on  the  death 
of  Gilbert  the  third  of  them,  that  the 
extraordinary  incident  occurred  of  tlia 
Countess  Dowager  inheriting.  She  was 
the  King's  daughter,  Joan  of  Acre,  bom 
when  Queen  Alianor  attended  Edward  I. 
on  his  crusade,  in  1272.  She  was  married 
in  1'290,  and  in  May  1291  her  sonGU- 
bert,  afterwards  Earl,  was  bom  at  Tewkes- 
bury. Her  husband  died  at  his  castle  of 
Monmouth  in  1295.  He  had,  on  his  mar- 
riage, surrenddVed  to  the  King  all  his 
castles  nnd  manors,  both  in  England  and 
Wales,  and  received  them  again  with  an 
entail,  by  which,  had  he  died  without  issue, 
they  were  to  have  come  to  the  Princess 
herself,  her  heirs  and  assigns.  It  was  by 
a  similar  entail,  made  on  the  marriage  ii 
Thomas  Earl  of  Lancaster,  grandson  of 
King  Henry  III.,  with  the  heiress  of  the 
Earldom  of  Lincoln,  that  that  Earldom 
became  the  inheritance  of  his  nephew, 
Henry  Duke  of  Lancaster,  although  he 
had  no  blood  of  the  ancient  earls.  Such 
then  seems  to  have  been  the  usual  con- 
dition of  an  alliance  with  the  blood  royal. 
The  Princess  Joan,  in  fact,  inherited  the 
Earldom  of  Gloucester  on  her  husbands 
decease,  although  he  left  a  son :  and  the 
son  probably  could  not  have  snooeeded 
during  his  mother's  life,  even  on  attaining 
his  minority ;  for  sudi  was  adjudged  to  be 


1851.]        The  Archceological  Institute  of  Great  Britain, 


413 


the  law  in  the  case  of  the  Earldom  of 
Salisbury,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III. 

But  neither  her  extraordinary  privileges, 
nor  her  exalted  birth,  protected  the 
Countess  of  Gloucester  from  the  intrusion 
of  the  more  ordinary  influences  of  female 
happiness.  Like  other  dowagers  in  their 
*'  free  widowhood,''  she  ventured  to  take 
upon  herself  the  responsibility  of  her  next 
change  of  condition :  for  the  ladies  of  the . 
middle  ages,  when  they  really  enjoyed  a 
relaxation  of  their  feudal  fetters,  appear 
to  have  indulged  their  inclinations  with  a 
wilfulness  proportioned  to  their  unwonted 
liberty  of  action.  Shortly  after  her  hus' 
band*8  death,  the  Countess  of  Gloucester 
cast  her  eyes  upon  a  handsome  esquire  of 
his  household,  named  Ralph  de  Mon- 
thermer,  and  within  two  years  it  was  dis- 
covered that  she  had  formed  a  secret  mar- 
riage with  him.  The  King,  her  father, 
was  highly  incensed,  for  be  was  treating 
at  the  time  for  his  daughter's  marriage  to 
Amadeo  Duke  of  Savoy  ;  he  immediately 
seized  into  his  own  possession  all  her 
castles  and  lands,  and  committed  Mon- 
thermer  to  strait  imprisonment  in  Bristol 
Castle.  After  a  time,  a  reconciliation  was 
effected  by  Anthony  Beke,  Bishop  of  Dur- 
ham. Monthermer  was  admitted  to  per- 
form the  ceremony  of  homage  at  the 
palace  of  Eltbam,  on  the  2nd  August, 
1297»  and  he  was  summoned  to  the  next 
Parliament  as  Earl  of  Gloucester  and 
Hertford.  The  poet  of  the  siege  of  Car- 
laverock  describes  him  as  "one who, after 
great  doubts  and  fears,  had  accomplished 
his  courtship  of  the  Countess  of  Glou- 
cester, for  whom  he  long  endured  great 
calamities,  until  it  pleased  God  he  should 
be  delivered."  So  far  did  he  establish  his 
credit  with  his  royal  father-in-law,  that  ten 
years  after  his  marriage  King  Edward  gave 
him  the  Earldom  of  Athol,  in  Scotland ; 
but  the  same  year  his  wife  died,  and  from 
that  event  he  no  longer  ranked  as  an  Earl 
in  the  English  Parliament,  being  after- 
wards summoned  as  a  Baron  only. 

On  his  mother's  death,  in  1307»  the  last 
Gilbert  de  Clare  inherited  the  Earldom  of 
Gloucester,  being  then  sixteen  years  of 
age  ;  but  his  career  was  short,  for  he  was 
slain  at  the  disastrous  battle  of  Bannock- 
burn,  in  1313.  He  left  three  sisters,  his 
coheirs,  namely,  Alianor,  wife  of  the 
King's  favourite,  Hugh  le  Despenser; 
Margaret,  the  widow  of  his  other  favourite, 
Piers  de  Gaveston,  Earl  of  Cornwall;  and 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  John  de  Burgh,  son  and 
heir  of  the  Earl  of  Ubter. 

The  dignity  of  Earl  of  Gloucester  is 
attributed  by  some  writers  to  Hugh  le 
Despenser,  but  he  was  always  summoned 
to  Parliament  as  a  Baron.  His  father  was 
living,  and  bad  been  created  Earl  of  Win- 


chester. His  violent  death  at  Bristol  is 
part  of  the  annals  of  this  city.  The  son 
escaped  to  Wales,  but  only  to  meet  the 
like  fate  at  Hereford.  Hugh  de  Audley, 
who  had  married  the  Countess  of  Corn- 
wall, the  second  sister,  was  created  Earl 
of  Gloucester  by  a  new  patent,  in  1337, 
and  enjoyed  the  dignity  for  ten  years,  when 
he  died  without  issue. 

The  title  was  next  given,  in  1385,  with 
the  superior  rank  of  Duke,  to  Thomas  of 
Woodstock,  the  youngest  son  of  King 
Edward  III.  He  was  already  Earl  of 
Buckingham  and  Essex.  Having  headed 
the  opposition  to  the  Court  party  of 
Richard  IT.  he  was  treacherously  tre- 
panned by  his  nephew  the  King,  sent  to 
Calais,  and  there  murdered  in  1397. 

Thomas  le  Despenser,  the  great-grand- 
son of  Hugh,  was  one  of  the  evil  coun- 
cillors who  suggested  this  wickedness,  and 
the  ancient  dignity  of  Earl  of  Gloucester 
was  revived,  as  part  of  his  share  in  the 
spoils.  But  the  first  Parliament  of  Henry 
IV.  stripped  him  of  all  his  acquisitionsi 
and  shortly  after  he  fell  a  victim  to  popu- 
lar fury  in  Bristol,  on  the  16th  Jan.  1400. 
He  was  the  last  of  the  once  flourishing 
house  of  Despenser,  and  also  the  last  of 
the  Earls  of  Gloucester. 

In  subsequent  ages  the  title  has  been 
always  united  to  the  dignity  of  Duke,  and 
strictly  confined  to  the  blood  royal.  It 
was  borne  by  the  good  Duke  Humphrey, 
the  youngest  son  of  King  Henry  IV . ;  by 
Richard  of  York,  afterwards  King  Rich- 
ard III.;  and  by  Henry,  the  youngest  son 
of  King  Charles  I.  William,  the  only  son 
of  the  Princess  Anne  of  Denmark  (after- 
wards Queen)  that  survived  the  age  of 
infancy,  was  declared  Dtike  of  Gloucester 
shortly  after  his  birth;  he  died  in  1700, 
at  the  age  of  eleven.  George-William, 
the  second  son  of  George  Prince  of  Wales 
(afterwards  King  George  II.),  who  was 
born  Nov.  2,  1717,  and  died  in  Feb. 
1718,  was  also  designated  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester. The  Rev.  Paul  Wright,  in  his 
edition  of  Heylin*s  Help  to  English  His- 
tory, and  Sir  Harris  Nicolas,  in  his  Sy- 
nopsis of  the  Peerage,  have  omitted  the 
name  of  this  Prince  in  their  lists  of  the 
Dukes  of  Gloucester,  and  have  errone- 
ously substituted  that  of  his  elder  brother, 
Frederick- Lewis  (Prince  of  Wales),  the 
father  of  George  III.  Lastly,  the  Duke- 
dom was  conferred,  in  1764,  on  Prince 
William- Henry,  brother  to  King  (George 
III. ;  he,  dying  in  1805,  was  sncceeded 
by  his  son,  the  late  Duke,  who  died  with- 
out issue  in  1834. 

In  the  Section  of  Antiquities  some 
drawings -of  ancient  stained  glass  were 
exhibited  by  Mr.  Dawson  Turner,  ac- 
companied by  a  Letter  from  Henry  Her- 


414 


Antiquarian  Researches^ 


[Oct. 


rod,  esq.  of  Norwich,  who  desired  thus  to 
calTatteDtion  on  the  part  of  the  Members 
of  the  Institute  to  the  immense  number 
of  fragments  of  ancient  glass  scattered 
about  the  country,  which,  because  they 
were  fragments,  no  one  took  the  trouble  to 
preserve  or  figure.  He  referred  to  some 
remarkable  instances  in  one  church  sup- 
plying blanks  in  another  at  a  distance 
from  it.  One  occurs  in  the  city  of  Nor- 
wich. The  east  window  of  St.  Andrew's 
church  is  a  late  perpendicular  five-light 
window,  contributed  by  Bishop  Goldwell. 
Two  lights  only  retain  any  of  their  glass, 
the  first  and  the  last;  the  one  has  the 
Sacrifice  of  Abraham,  the  other  the  Brazen 
Serpent;  in  each  the  story  has  three 
epochs.  The  lower  portion  of  Abraham^s 
Sacrifice  is  gone  ;  nothing  appears  of  it  but 
the  roof  of  a  house  extending  itself  into 
the  next  division,  which  exhibits  Abraham 
and  Isaac  proceeding  alone  to  the  top  of 
the  mountain,  which  is  figured  in  the 
upper  division  with  the  Offering  as  usually 
represented.  The  lower  division  of  this 
subject  was  found  by  Mr.  Harrod  in  the 
east  window  of  St.  Stephen's  church  ui 
the  same  city,  and  rc])rcseuting  Abraham 
and  his  men  preparing  for  the  journey, 
Abraham's  house,  a  mediaeval  red-brick 
building,  forming  the  back-groum'  and 
fitting  precisely  with  the  roof  in  the  St. 
Andrew's  glass.  St.  Stephen's  window 
was  inserted  in  1610,  and  has  that  dutc  in 
the  centre  of  it ;  it  is  a  jumble  of  all 
periods  and  all  manner  of  subjects.  Mr. 
Harrod  thought  he  detected  fragments  of 
the  Crucifixion — the  central  subject  no 
doubt  of  the  St.  Andrew's  window.  At 
Martham,  near  Yarmouth,  is  a  window 
representing  a  connected  scries  of  small 
subjects  in  the  upper  tracery;  the  first 
subject  was,  **  God  in  the  Garden  with 
Adam  and  Eve  ;"  the  second,  *'  ThcTemp- 
tation  andFaU;"  the  third,  "The  Arch- 
angel with  Flaming  Sword,"  turning  on, 
the  fourth,  "The  culprit  pair  leaving 
Paradise ;"  the  fiftli  had  "  Adam  delving,'' 
the  sixth, '*  Eve  spinning."  The  fourth 
and  fifth  being  deficient,  were  found  at 
Mulbarton  in  the  same  county,  Mr.  llarrod 
having  received  a  hint  that  a  former  in- 
cumbent of  Martham  had  removed  to  Mul- 
barton. 

Mr.  Buckman  exhibited  drawings  of 
some  very  early  sculptures  found  in  re- 
pairing a  doorway  at  Daglingworth  church, 
CO.  Gloucester.  They  were  discovered  on 
tnming  the  stones,  the  sculptured  parts 
having  been  built  into  the  wall.  The  arch, 
which  had  long-and-short  work,  was  very 
probably  of  Saxon  date.  The  carvings 
represent,  1 .  the  Saviour  seated,  holding 
a  cross ;  2.  the  crucifixion,  between  two 
soldiers,  one  holding  a  whip  and  spear. 


the  other  the  vessel  of  vinegar  and  th« 
hyssop  on  a  rod ;  3.  St.  Peter  ? 

A  drawing  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Dawson 
Turner,  of  a  mural  painting  of  the  Troia 
Morts  et  trois  Vifs,  found  in  May  1851  f 
in  Wickhampton  church,  Norfolk. 

Mr.  QuickC,  of  Bristol,  exhibited  a  co- 
vered cup  of  crystal  mounted  with  silver 
gilt,  found  in  the  cloisters  of  the  diorch 
at  Hill  Court,  in  Gloucestershire.  It  no* 
sembles  in  fashion  that  belonnng  to  the 
Goldsmiths'  Company,  called  Sir  Martin 
Bowes'  cup,  engraved  by  Mr.  Shaw  in 
his  Specimens  of  Ancient  Fomitare,  &c. 
Mr.  Octavius  Morgan  assigned  the  present 
cup  from  the  plate-marks  to  the  year  1563. 

A.  W.  Franks,  esq.  oifered  some  re- 
marks upon  ornamented  paTcment  tilea; 
and,  after  distinguishing  the  more  ordinary 
kinds,  directed  the  attention  of  his  heaiera 
particularly  to  those  in  the  Poynta  chqtdy 
attached  to  the  Mayor's  Chapel  at  Brie* 
tol ;  which  are  nearly  unique  of  their  Und 
in  this  country.  They  are  enamelled  in 
various  colours,  and  from  their  exact  re- 
semblance in  workmanship  to  ipecimena 
exhibited  which  had  been  brought  from 
the  Alcazar  at  Seville,  as  well  ai  the 
oriental  character  of  the  patterns,  there 
can  1)c  little  doubt  that  they  were  made  in 
Sj)ain.  Their  date  is  that  of  the  Emperor 
Charles  V.  and  they  were  donbtlesi  pro- 
cured by  some  Bristol  merchant  through 
the  trading  connection  of  that  dty  with 
Spain.  The  workman  who  has  laid  them 
down  has  to  a  certain  extent  placed  them 
in  a  pattern,  but  not  nndenrtanding  the 
ornaments  has  arranged  them  in  the  nsnal 
Gothic  manner,  diagonally,  and  thereby 
greatly  destroyed  their  effect.  Enamelled 
tiles  do  not  appear  to  have  been  made 
in  England,  the  specimens  occasionally 
found  here  being  probably  imported  from 
Flanders. 

A  letter  was  read  firom  George  Ormerod, 
esq.  D.C.L.  of  Sedbnry  Park,  on  the  Ro- 
man remains,  near  the  Serem,  at  Tid- 
dcnham,  where  the  altar  was  foiukd  which 
he  contributed  to  the  mnsenm. 

In  the  Architectural  Sbctiow  Mr. 
Po])c  made  a  few  observationi  on  the 
former  state  of  the  Chapter  Home  of  the 
cathedral,  in  which  the  section  was  asiem* 
bled.  'When  first  he  saw  the  room  a 
number  of  old  Dutch  tashee  were  standing 
in  various  parts  of  it ;  the  niches  in  the 
centre  part  of  the  lower  story  did  not 
exist;  the  floor,  which  was  of  deal  board* 
ing,  stood  considerably  above  the  present 
surface ;  and  the  doorway  was  mncn  muti- 
lated. The  first  thing  done,  in  restoring  the 
room,  was  to  remove  the  wooden  floor,  when 
a  number  of  stone  and  leaden  cofllns  were 
found,  containing  skeletons  in  a  flne  state  of 
preservation.  The  three  windowtVy  which 


1851.]        The  Archaological  Institute  of  Oreat  Britain. 


415 


the  room  is  at  present  lighted  were  then 
put  in,  and  the  room  was  gradually  re- 
stored to  the  state  in  which  it  now  appears. 
Mr.  Pope  also  mentioned  that,  many  years 
ago,  he  discovered  some  plinths  and  bases 
of  an  old  Norman  nave,  which,  on  the 
south  side,  ran  withui  the  walls  of  the 
present  cathedral,  and,  though  no  excava- 
tion had  been  made  on  the  north  side,  yet 
there  was  no  doubt  it  was  co>extensive  in 
that  direction.  It  was  sufficient  to  infer 
that  the  nave  had  never  been  anything  but 
Norman. 

John  Bindon,  esq.  of  Clifton,  read  a 
paper  on  the  destroyed  and  desecrated 
churches  and  chapels  of  Bristol.  At  an 
early  period  there  were  as  many  as  eighteen 
ancient  churches ;  of  several  but  few  re- 
mains exist.  The  city  in  its  early  form 
was  similar  in  plan  to  the  majority  of  the 
ancient  English  towns.  Corn,  Broad,  Wine, 
and  High-streets  formed  a  cross ;  the 
smaller  streets  or  lanes  following  the  cur- 
vature of  the  wall.  At  the  junction  of  the 
four  principal  streets  stood  the  High  Cross; 
and  at  the  comers  of  the  streets  were  four 
churches — Allhallows,  Trinity,  St.  Ewen*s, 
and  St.  Andrew's.  At  the  other  ex- 
tremities of  the  four  principal  streets  were 
the  four  principal  gates — St.  John,  north ; 
St.  Nicholas,  south  ;  New  Gate,  east ;  and 
St.  Leonardos,  west ;  attached  to  three  of 
these  gates  were  churches.  St.  Andrew's 
stood  on  the  site  of  the  Castle  Bank ;  St. 
Ewen's  where  the  Council-house  is  erected ; 
St.  Leonard's  at  the  bottom  of  Corn-street; 
and  St.  Giles'  at  the  bottom  of  Small- 
street.  St.  Lawrence  was  attached  to  St. 
John's.  St.  Werburgh's,  the  Holy  Trinity, 
St.  Michael's,  St.  Nicholas',  St.  Thomas', 
and  St.  Andrew's,  Clifton,  have  been  re- 
built in  a  debased  style.  The  Chapel  of 
the  Virgin  stood  on  old  Bristol  bridge, 
St.  Jordan  on  College  Green,  St.  Brandon 
on  Brandon  Hill,  St.  Austin  near  the  arch- 
way to  the  Lower  Green,  St.  Martin  in 
the  castle,  St.  Clement  near  the  Mer- 
chants' Hall,  St.  Matthyas  in  Bridge- 
street,  the  Holy  Ghost  or  St.  Sprites 
near  Redcliff  church,  and  St.  Vincent  on 
Clifton  Down.  The  several  remains  were 
illustrated  by  sketches,  and  the  sites 
marked  on  a  plan  of  the  city ;  the  whole 
having  lengthened  descriptions  from  the 
curious  and  valuable  notices  of  Wyrcestre 
and  Leiand,  and  from  the  Liberate  Rolls 
in  the  Tower. 

Mr.  Charles  Weekes,  of  Leicester,  read 
"  Some  remarks  upon  the  Steeple  Archi- 
tecture of  Great  Britain,  as  illustrated 
by  St.  Mary  Redcliffe,  St.  Stephen's  in 
Bristol,  and  other  examples.**  It  was  illus- 
trated by  a  series  of  beautiful  drawings, 
which  have  been  prepared  for  a  work  on 
the  subject. 


In  the  afternoon  the  members  of  the 
Institute  were  entertained  by  Mr.  Har- 
ford at  Blaize  Castle. 

Monday  t  August  A, — This  day  was  spent 
in  an  excursion  to  the  Roman  remains  of 
Isca  Silurum,  the  Institute  having  been 
invited  by  the  Caerleon  Antiquarian  So- 
ciety to  be  present  at  the  celebration  of 
their  anniversary  meeting  in  that  town. 
The  Severn  was  crossed  in  a  steamer  to 
Chepstow,  where  the  castle  was  visited, 
and  the  company  then  proceeded  by  rail  • 
road  to  Newport,  where  they  inspected 
the  church  under  the  guidance  of  Mr. 
Octavius  Morgan,  M.P.  and  by  carriages 
to  Caerleon.  The  beautiful  little  muieum 
erected  for  the  reception  of  the  Roman 
antiquities  found  at  Caerleon  has  been 
noticed  in  our  Magazine  for  Oct.  1850, 
p.  415 ;  its  completion  was  hastened  for 
the  present  important  occasion,  and  all 
the  party  were  delighted  not  only  by  the 
extent  of  its  treasures,  but  also  by  the 
neatness  and  judgment  with  which  they 
are  arranged.  Mr.  Lee,  who  resides  on 
the  spot,  has  now  published  the  result  of 
his  researches  in  three  several  portions : 
1,  in  the  quarto  volume  reviewed  in  our 
Magazine  for  Nov.  1845  ;  2.  in  royal 
octavo,  1849 ;  and  3.  in  the  last  part  of 
the  Archeeological  Journal.  After  in- 
specting the  museum  the  company  visited 
the  Roman  villa  in  the  Castle  field,  whidi 
has  furnished  so  largely  to  the  formation 
of  the  museum,  and  where  some  excava- 
tions are  still  in  progress ;  and  afterwards 
they  were  very  handsomely  entertained  to 
a  dinner  within  the  open  area  of  the 
Roman  amphitheatre,  or  Round  Table  of 
King  Arthur,  as  it  is  also  called.  Sir 
Digby  Mack  worth,  Bart,  the  President  of 
the  Caerleon  Society,  was  in  the  chair, 
and  many  of  the  neighbouring  gentlemen, 
with  their  ladies,  contributed  by  their 
presence  to  the  pleasures  of  a  banquet,  of 
which  they  had  also  liberally  furnished 
the  materials.  Some  time  was  afterwards 
spent  in  the  Priory  house,  the  residence 
of  Mr.  Lee,  where,  among  many  other 
curiosities,  he  exhibited  the  bed  and  chairs 
of  Sir  Thomas  More.  Some  ancient  Welsh 
MSS.  of  considerable  interest  were  also 
exhibited  by  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Traheme. 

Tuesday f  August  5. — This  morning  the 
Architectural  Sbction  again  met  in 
the  Chapter  House,  Edw.  A.  Freeman,  esq. 
in  the  chair. 

Mr.  George  Pryce  read  a  critical  paper 
on  the  question  *'  When  and  by  whom 
was  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Redcliff 
built  V*  His  remarks  were  directed  to  show, 
1 .  that  the  portion  of  the  fabric  which  tra- 
dition ascribes  to  Simon  de  Burton,  who 
was  six  times  mayor  of  Bristol  within  th* 
period  1291—1304,  agrees  better  in  point 


416 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


[Oct. 


of  style  with  the  Decorated  architecture  in 
practice  sixty  years  before  that  time,  than 
it  does  with  the  date  of  his  mayoralties, 
during  which  he  is  said  to  have  founded 
the  church ;  2.  the  parts  assigned  to  Wil- 
liam  Canynges  senior,  (1376 — 1396,)  by  the 
same  authority  only,  appears  to  have  re- 
sulted rather  from  the  contributions  of 
several  wealthy  citizens,  and  more  parti- 
cularly of  those  connected  with  the  parish, 
whereas  Canynges  lived  in  Touker-street, 
and  was  buried  in  St.  Thomas's  church, 
as  was  his  son  John,  whilst  Simon,  an- 
other son,  was  buried  in  St.  Stephen's 
church ;  3.  that  the  portion  ascribed  to 
William  Canynges  junior  (after  the  partial 
destruction  of  the  spire  in  1445-6;,  was 
undoubtedly  erected  by  similar  means,  and 
not  at  his  sole  cost. 

Mr.  Pryce  afterwards  read  a  second 
paper,  on  early  examples  of  the  use  of 
the  Pointed  Arch  in  Bristol. 

In  the  Historical  Section,  Mr. 
Tyson  read  a  paper  on  the  ship  mentioned 
in  Hall's  Chronicle,  and  in  one  of  the 
Paston  Letters,  in  connection  with  the 
murder  of  the  Duke  of  Suffolk  on  the 
2d  May,  1450.  Hall  relates  that  the 
duke  was  captured  at  sea  by  a  ship  of  war 
appertaining  to  the  duke  of  Exeter,  the 
constable  of  the  Tower  of  London,  called 
the  Nicholas  of  the  Tower.  The  letter 
also  describes  the  ship  by  the  same  name. 
The  object  of  Mr.  Tyson's  remarks  was 
to  claim  the  Nicholas  of  the  Tower  us  a 
Bristol  ship,  and  to  show  that  her  appro- 
priation to  the  Tower  of  London  is  erro- 
neous. He  grounds  this  suggestion  upon 
an  ordinance  made  by  parliament  in  1442, 
(Rot.  Pari.  T.  59)  when  in  a  list  of  eight 
ships  the  two  first-named  are  **  At  Bristowe, 
the  Nicholas  of  the  Toure,  and  Katerine  of 
Burtons."  Mr.  Tyson  suggested  that  both 
these  ships  belonged  to  John  Burton,  an 
eminent  merchant  of  Bristol ;  and  that  the 
Nicholas  of  the  Tower  was  named,  not 
after  the  Tower  of  London,  but  after  a 
tower  which  stood  on  the  quay  fronting 
the  river  Frome  at  Bristol,  and  at  which 
spot  the  Bristol  ships  were  built. 

A  communication  was  read  from  J.  S. 
Crocker,  esq.  containing  an  account  of  two 
moulds  for  casting  bronze  spear-heads, 
recently  discovered  in  Devonshire. 

A  letter  was  also  read  from  Sir  Thomas 
Phillipps,  Bart,  containing  a  pedigree  of 
Rowley  of  Bristol,  which  he  connected 
with  the  family  of  Lord  Poltimore. 

A  few  communications  prepared  for  the 
meeting  were  deferred  for  want  of  suffi- 
cient time.  Mr.  Joseph  Burtt,  of  the 
Chapter  House,  Westminster,  contributed 
transcripts  of  several  documents  preserved 
in  that  depository,  relating  to  the  his- 
tory of  Bristol.  They  will  be  given  in 
10 


the  forthcoming  Transactions  of  the  Meet- 
ing. Amongst  these  were  the  petitions  of 
the  merchants,  drapers,  fishmongers,  and 
other  traders  of  that  city,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VIII.  against  the  establishment  of 
a  fair  at  Candlemas,  lately  appointed. 
From  the  allegations  in  these  memorials  it 
appears  that  Bristol  was  able  to  dispense 
the  rich  stores  imported  by  its  merchants 
throughout  the  Western  Connties  by  the 
agency  of  the  inhabitants  themselves ;  and 
its  traders  regarded  the  fair  as  an  injuri- 
ous interference  with  this  regular  and  ex- 
tensive inland  traffic.  Capt.  Chapman, 
R.E.  sent  a  mass  of  curions  extracts  from 
documentary  evidences  relative  to  the  city 
of  Bath,  and  a  proposition  for  preparing 
a  map  of  the  district  visited  by  the  society, 
with  indications  of  all  vestiges  of  early 
British  and  Roman  times,  or  other  matters 
of  archeeological  interest,  carrying  out  the 
plan  entertained  by  the  Institute  on  the 
occasion  of  the  York  meeting,  when  a 
useful  map  of  British  and  Roman  York- 
shire was  prepared  by  Mr.  C.  Newton, 
and  subsequentiy  published  by  the  society. 


NORFOLK  AND  NORWICH 
ARCIIiKOLOOICAL  SOCIBTT. 

This  association  held  its  annual  meet- 
ing on  the  10th  September.  The  first 
gathering  was  at  the  Assembly  Rooms  in 
Swaffham,  where  a  temporary  museum 
was  formed.  Sir  John  P.  Boilean,  Bart. 
the  President,  took  the  chair,  and  de- 
livered an  introductory  address,  after 
which  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Evans,  as  local 
secretary,  read  a  memoir  on  the  past  re- 
searches of  the  society,  and  the  objects  of 
antiquarian  interest  in  Swaffham  and  its 
vicinity.  The  church  was  rebuilt  in  the 
year  1474,  a  principal  contributor  being 
John  Chapman,  who  was  figured  on  the 
oak  seats  as  a  pedler  with  his  pack — a 
rebus,  remarked  Mr.  Evans,  on  hu  name; 
but  is  it  not  probable  that  this  benefac- 
tor had  actually  gathered  his  wealth  as  a 
travelling  chapman,  and  passed  by  the 
name  of  his  trade  ?  In  an  apartment 
over  the  vestry  and  library  there  still  lie 
various  portions  of  the  town  armour,  as 
well  as  a  chest  of  records,  and  an  ancient 
chair  which  was  perhaps  used  as  a  duck- 
ing stool.  The  company  afterwards  vi- 
sited the  castle  and  church  of  Castie  Acre, 
at  each  of  which  a  descriptive  memoir  was 
read  by  Henry  Harrod,  esq.  of  Norwich. 

In  the  evening  a  short  communication 
was  read  from  J.  A.  Repton,  esq.  F.S.A. 
on  the  masonry  of  the  Norman  builders, 
in  which  he  showed,  by  reference  to  vari- 
ous examples,  that  the  facing  stones  of 
Norman  work  were  never  more  than  from 
six  to  nine  inches  square.     By  attending 


1851.] 


Antiquarian  Researches* 


417 


to  this  characteristic  their  work  may  gene- 
rally be  distinguished  from  later  additions. 

The  Rev.  C.  R.  Manning  then  read 
some  passages  relating  to  the  custody  of 
the  princess  Elizabeth,  afterwards  Queen, 
during  the  reign  of  her  sister  Mary,  from 
a  manuscript  written  by  her  keeper,  Sir 
Henry  Bedingfield,  of  Oxburgh  in  Nor- 
folk. This  interesting  historical  docu- 
ment contains  copies  of  Sir  Henry's  cor- 
respondence with  the  privy  council,  and 
will  afford  authentic  evidence  to  test  the 
remarkable  narrative  which  Foxe  the  mar- 
tyrologist  has  given  of  the  same  period  of 
Elizabeth's  early  life. 

G.  A.  Carthew,  esq.  afterwards  read  a 
paper  containing  notices  of  the  castle  and 
manor  of  Mileham,  once  belonging  to  the 
Earls  of  Arundel,  and  afterwards  to  Sir 
Thomas  Gresham,  and  the  birth-place  of 
Sir  Edward  Coke. 

The  next  day  (Sept.  11)  the  society 
visited  Narborough  camp  and  church, 
Oxborough  church,  and  the  fine  old  em- 
battled mansion  of  Oxborough  hall,  the 
seat  of  Sir  Henry  Bedingfeld,  Bart. ;  and 
on  Friday  (Sept.  12)  Middleton  Castle 
and  Necton,  the  residence  of  Colonel 
Mason. 


VISIT  TO  ELY  CATHEDRAL. 

Sept,  4.  The  Bury  and  West  Suffolk 
Archseological  Institute  paid  a  visit  to  Ely 
Cathedral.  The  company  consisted  chiefly 
of  the  clergy  of  that  part  of  the  diocese 
and  their  families.  Mr.  S.  Tymms,  the 
Honorary  Secretary  to  the  Institute,  had 
prepared  and  printed  for  the  occasion  a  very 
excellent  Guide  to  the  Cathedral,  and,  by 
the  courtesy  of  the  editor  of  the  Architec- 
tural Quarterly  Reviews,  it  was  illustrated 
with  plans  showing  its  former  arrange- 
ment, and  the  alterations  now  in  progress. 
He  attended  the  company  up  the  nave  of 
the  Cathedral  to  the  lantern,  where  they 
were  received  by  the  Very  Rev.  the  Dean 
and  Mr.  G.  G.  Scott,  the  architect,  to 
whose  skill  and  care  has  been  entrusted 
the  superintendence  of  the  restorations 
now  going  on  in  this  magnificent  building. 

After  a  few  observations  from  Mr.  Scott, 
Dr.  Peacock  (the  Dean)  read  from  the 
**  Anglia  Sacra''  an  account  of  the  fall  of 
the  old  Norman  central  tower  (see  our 
account  of  Professor  Willis's  remarks  on  a 
like  occasion  in  vol.  xxviii.  1847,  p.  40G) ; 
and  afterwards  conducted  the  company  to 
view  the  different  renovations  now  in  pro- 
gress— the  choir ;  the  tombs ;  the  roof, 
which  is  being  beautifully  ornamented; 
the  organ,  which  has  been  enlarged,  and 
is  newly  and  richly  encased,  after  the  man- 
ner of  that  in  the  church  of  Strasburg,  and 
in   perfect  accordance  with  the  ancient 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


style  of  our  cathedrals  during  the  middle 
ages  ;  and  the  elaborate  oaken  screen,  now 
being  erected  by  Mr.  Rattee  of  Cambridge. 
From  the  body  of  the  building  the  Dean 
led  the  way  to  the  Lady  Chapel,  now  the 
parish  church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  where 
he  entered  into  the  history  of  this  once 
highly  decorated  but  now  sadly  mutilated 
interior,  and  again  read  from  the  *'  Anglia 
Sacra"  the  miraculous  account  of  finding 
the  money  wherewith  to  erect  so  expen- 
sive a  temple.  In  pointing  out  the  differ- 
ent styles  of  architecture,  of  which  this 
cathedral  contains  all,  from  the  Early  En- 
glish to  the  Modern  Gothic,  he  was  assist- 
ed by  Mr.  Scott ;  and  at  the  porch  and 
western  tower,  took  occasion  to  animad- 
vert severely  on  some  alterations  made 
about  fifty  years  ago,  by  a  then  celebrated 
architect  (Wyatt),  whom  he  justly  desig- 
nated the  evil  genius  of  ecclesiastical  ar- 
chitecture. 

The  business  of  the  morning  terminated 
in  the  Library,  where  some  congratulatory 
speeches  were  delivered. 

In  the  afternoon,  while  some  few  of  the 
members  went  to  view  the  conventual 
buildings — that  is,  the  houses  of  the  pre- 
bends, and  Prior  Crauden's  Chapel — the 
palace  was  thrown  open  to  the  company, 
and  a  substantial  repast  provided,  at  which 
the  Bishop  himself  presided. 

SUSSEX  ARCH^OLOGICAL  SOCIETT. 

Auff,  7.  The  annual  meeting  of  this 
Society  was  held  at  Wiston  Place,  the  seat 
of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Goring,  under  the  presi- 
dency of  Sir  Charles  Burrell,  Bart.  The 
papers  read  were.  On  the  early  history  of 
Steyning,  by  the  Rev.  T.  Medland ;  Hli- 
toric  Notices  of  Bramber  Castle,  and  of  the 
family  of  Braose,  by  the  Rev.  T.  Grant- 
ham ;  on  Cowdray,  from  the  pen  of  Sir 
Sibbald  David  Scott,  by  Mr.  Blaauw  ;  on 
the  Shirleys  of  Wiston,  or  the  Three  Bro- 
thers,  by  Mr.  M.  Lower ;  and,  on  Qoeen 
Elizabeth's  Visits  to  Sussex,  by  Mr.  D. 
W.  Cooper. 

MEETING  AT  LEIGHTON  BUZZARD. 

The  Architectural  and  Archseological 
Societies  of  Bedfordshire  and  Bucking- 
hamshire held  a  joint  meeting  at  Leighton 
Buzzard  on  the  21st  of  August.  Colonel 
Gilpin,  M.P.  took  the  chair.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Stevenson,  Vicar  of  Leighton,  read  a 
memoir  upon  the  antiquities  of  the  place. 
Among  other  points,  he  noticed  that  the 
ironwork  on  the  church  door  is  identical 
in  style  with  that  of  the  monument  of 
Queen  Alianor,  in  Westminster  Abbey, 
which  was  made  by  Thomas  de  Leighton 
in  1293  and  1294,  and  was  unquestionably 
from  the  same  forge.      The  Rev.  John 

3H 


418 


Antiquarian  Researches, 


[Oct 


Taddy,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Northilli  Beds, 
read  a  paper  describing  the  history  and 
architecture  of  his  church. 

The  Rev.  J.  R.  Pretyman,  as  a  member 
of  the  Buckinghamshire  society,  gave  de- 
tails of  the  restoration  of  Aylesbury  parish 
churchy  from  notes  supplied  by  Mr.  J.  K. 
Fowler,  junr.  In  1850,  before  the  works 
commenced,  the  church  was  in  a  state  of 
great  dilapidation.  The  tower  was  sunk, 
and,  in  order  to  restore  it,  a  great  part  of 
its  foundation  had  to  be  removed.  Some 
500  tons  of  timber  were  required  to  sup- 
port it  during  the  works,  and  380  tons  of 
itone  were  used  in  its  repair.  The  tower 
is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  lantern  form. 
The  principal  aim  of  the  restoration, 
which  was  conducted  by  Mr.  Scott,  had 
been  to  preserve  the  original  features  of 
the  church,  the  earlier  portions  of  which 
date  from  1250.  The  sum  of  3,000/. 
had  been  granted  by  the  vestry  ;  other 
contributions  had  been  made  by  individu- 
als ;  and  a  further  sum  of  700/.  was  still 
required. 

Mr.  Hurst  read  a  paper  on  the  ancient 
Castle  of  Bedford ;  including  notices  of 
some  Roman  remains  which  have  been 
discovered  on  its  site. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Rose  read  a  paper  on 
the  ancient  crosses  of  Cornwall,  from  in- 
formation collected  by  his  friend  Mr. 
Rowe. 

Mr.  Bassett  then  introduced  to  the 
notice  of  the  meeting  a  proposal  for  re- 
pairing the  ancient  Cross  of  Lcightou 
Buziard  (which  is  of  a  pentagonal  form, 
with  figures  of  kings,  &c.  and  represented 
in  Farrington's  Illustrations  to  Lysons's 
Britannica).  He  had  received  an  estimate 
from  Mr.  Pugin  for  its  thorough  restora- 
tion,  which  that  architect  engaged  to  effect 
for  300/.  This  proposition  was  received 
with  approbation,  and  it  was  agreed  that  a 
public  meeting  should  be  specially  con- 
vened to  promote  its  accomplishment. 

CAMBRIAN  ARCH.COLOGICAL 
ASSOCIATION. 

The  fifth  annual  meeting  of  this  Society 
commenced  at  Tenby  on  Wednesday 
erening  the  20th  of  August :  Earl  Cawdor 
took  the  chair  as  President,  and  delivered 
an  inaugural  address,  in  the  course  of 
which  he  suggested  the  propriety  of  set- 
ting on  foot  a  statistical  survey  of  Wales, 
to  be  conducted  through  the  instrumen- 
tality of  the  parochial  clergy,  of  a  nature 
similar  to  that  which  had  been  so  succcss- 
ftiUy  performed  in  Scotland.  The  Rev. 
W.  Basil  Jones,  secretary,  read  the  report 
of  Uie  committee  for  1850-1.  The  Bishop 
of  St.  David's  rose  to  move  the  adoption 
of  the  report.  He  considered  the  duties 
and  objects  of  the  society  to  be  two-fold — 


theoretical  and  practical ;  the  former  ex- 
tended over  all  remains,  whldi  he  would 
call  unlettered  records,  and  which  were  in 
some  respects  more  truthful  than  actual 
histories,  in  proportion  as  the  working! 
of  the  human  mind,  ever  inbject  to  error, 
mingled  with  the  latter.  The  practical 
part  of  the  Society^s  work  was  preaerra- 
tion  and  restoration.  Presenration  wee 
due  to  all  useless  objects  of  antiquity, 
whether  Druidical  cromlechs,  Roman 
camps,  or  baronial  castles.  Another  clase 
of  monuments  required  restoration,  at 
they  were  still  dedicated  to  the  moat  im- 
portant of  all  ends — he  meant  oar  ancient 
churches.  His  lordship  laid  particular 
stress  on  the  introduction  of  a  Flemish 
colony  into  this  country  at  an  early  period, 
and  drew  the  attention  of  the  society  to 
various  circumstances  corroborative  of  the 
fact.  He  also  mentioned  the  settiement 
of  a  body  of  Irish  rebels  in  Pembroke- 
shire in  the  sixteenth  century,  to  such  an 
extent  that  the  town  of  Tenby  was  said  to 
have  become  ^  clean  Irish,*' — in  which  re- 
spect, he  observed,  it  must  have  differed 
widely  from  the  Irish  towns  of  that  or 
any  other  time. 

On  the  following  day  an  excursion  was 
made  to  Penally  church  and  crosses ;  to 
the  ruined  houses  at  Penally  and  Lydstep; 
to  Manorbeer  church,  casUe,  and  crom- 
lech ;  and  Hodgeston  church  i  retorniog 
by  the  Kidgeway  and  Trefloyn.  On  Fri- 
day an  excursion  to  Scotsborongh  House, 
Gumfreston  church,  St  Florence  church, 
Carcw  castle,  cross,  and  church,  Upton 
castle  and  church.  On  Saturday  to  Lam- 
])liey  palace  and  church,  Pembroke  castle 
and  churches,  Monkton  priory,  and  Pern* 
broke  dockyard.  On  Monday  another  ex- 
cursion to  Narbethand  Llawhadden  castles  i 
Castle  Meherren  and  camp.  Tuesday  the 
2Gtli  was  occupied  with  the  examination 
of  the  church,  castle,  priory,  and  other 
ancient  remains  of  Tenby,  and  vrith  the 
final  meeting:,  for  the  election  of  officers, 
tHcc.  After  the  close  of  the  meeting  the 
more  persevering  members  made  an  ex- 
cursion, by  steamer,  to  St.  David's,  on 
the  27th,  returning  on  the  28th. 


The  Vork  Herald  states  that  a  tvssil- 
LATED  PAVEMENT  has  just  been  dis- 
covered on  Cherry  Hill,  at  York.  The  por^ 
tion  excavated  is  about  1 1  feet  by  8,  and, 
from  the  description  given,  appears  to  be  of 
a  very  elegant  geometric  pattern ;  but  at 
present  the  excavations  are  suspended  in 
order  to  obtain  permissran  of  the  owner 
of  the  property  to  lay  the  ground  open. 
The  pavement  has  therefore  been  covered 
over  to  hinder  ignorant  persons  and  silly 
cttriosity-hunters  from  breaking  it  up  to 
carry  off  specimens. 


419 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


FRANCE. 

The  Cooncils-General  have  now  all  de- 
clared themselves  on  the  question  of  Revi- 
sion.    Forty-eight  have  simply  expressed 
a  wish  that  the  Constitution  be  revised 
conformably  to  Article  111,  which  requires 
the  impossibility  of  a  majority  of  four- 
fifths   of  the  Assembly  in  favour  of  the 
revision.     Seventeen  wished  for  the  pure 
and  simple  revision.     Six  have  demanded 
the   revision    as    promptly  as    possible. 
Three  have  refused  to  express  an  opinion. 
Six  demanded  the  abolition  of  Article  45, 
making  the  existing  President  ineligible! 
One  demanded  that  the  Constitution  be 
revised,    so  as  to  strengthen  Republican 
institutions ;   and  one  demanded  the  same 
thing,  that  France  might  return  to  tradi- 
tional  and  hereditary  monarchy.     In  a 
number  of  instances  the  decision  was  that 
of  a  bare  majority  over  a  large  minority  ; 
and  in  many  instances  the  mass  of  the 
Council    "abstained  from    the  question, 
as  beyond  the  legal  competency  of  their 
body."  The  Councils-General  are  not  poli- 
tical bodies;    they  are  equivalent  to  our 
bench  of  magistrates  at  the  Quarter-ses- 
sions,   sitting    for    purposes    of   county 
finance :  the   members   have  sat  on  the 
same  bench  through  numerous   shif tings 
of  the  political  stage. 

AUSTRIA. 

Imperial  edicts  have  been  published 
aboUshing  the  Constitution  of  March, 
1818,  and  establishing  absolute  govern- 
ment. This  measure  has  created  a  great 
sensation  at  Vienna,  and  is  expected  to  pro- 
duce a  still  greater  excitement  in  the  pro- 
vinces. The  Emperor  left  Vienna  on  the 
28th  August,  for  Ischl,  where  he  met  his 
uncle  the  King  of  Prussia,  and  thence 
Verona.  Prince  Schwartzenberg,  President 
of  the  Council,  addressed  a  circular  to  all 
the  Austrian  Embassies  at  Foreign  Courts, 
informing  them  of  the  Imperial  decrees. 

ITALY. 

Earthquakes,  at  intervals  of  two  or 
three  days,  have  been  felt  in  various  parts 
of  Italy.  A  terrible  convulsion  on  the 
12th  of  August,  at  Melfi,  in  the  king- 
dom of  Naples,  destroyed  that  and  other 
neighbouring  places.  Melfi  is  a  city 
containing  10,000  inhabitants ;  the  arch- 
bishop's pakce,  the  coUege,  the  barracks, 
police  station,  and  town-haU,  are  levelled 
with  the  ground,  and  700  persons  killed 
and  200  wounded.  The  earth  did  not 
open,  but  the  houses  were  shaken  down 
upon  the  inhabitants. 


CUBA. 


For  some  time  reports  had  been  in- 
dustriously circulated  in  the  southern  parts 
of  the  United  States  that  a  revolt  had  been 
regularly  organised  among    the   Creolei 
throughout  the  isle  of  Cuba.     Early  in 
August  an  expedition  sailed  from  New 
Orleans,  consisting  of  450  American  sym* 
pathisers,  under  the  command  of  General 
Narciso  Lopez.    They  landed  on  the  12th 
August  near  Bahia  Honda,  somewhat  pre- 
cipitately, in  consequence  of  their  steam* 
vessel  having  struck  upon  a  coral  reef. 
The  same  day  Lopez  marched  with  323 
men  to  Los  Posas,  leaving  Colonel  Crit- 
tenden in  command  of  130,  and  the  stores, 
at  Cabanos.     This  party,  on  its  march  the 
next  day  to  join  Lopez,  was  attacked  and 
dispersed   by   a  body  of  Spaniards   500 
strong ;  and  at  the  same  time  a  body  of 
800,  under  General  Enna,  attacked  Lopez 
at  Los  Posas.     In  ^e  latter  contest  the 
Americans  were  victorious,    losing  only 
about  30  men,  while  the  Spaniards  lost 
200,  killed  and  wounded.     On  the  16th 
they  also  compelled  the  Spaniards  to  re- 
treat with  a  loss  of  320  men.     At  the 
same  time  Lopez  himself  retreated  in  a 
contrary  direction;  on   the  19th  all  bi« 
ammunition  was  spoiled  by  a  heavy  rain ; 
and  on  the  20th  his  remaining  troops  were 
completely  routed.     From  that  time  they 
were  wanderers  on  the  mountains,  exposed 
to  severe  storms  and  a  total  deprivation  of 
food.     They  were  gradually  captured  by 
the  Spaniards.     In  all  160  prisoners  were 
taken,  who  are  sentenced  to  ten  years' 
hard  labour  in  Spain.     Lopez  was  caught 
with  bloodhounds  on  the  29th  of  Augosty 
and  was  publicly  garroted  at  Havannah  on 
the  1st  of  September.     Of  the  rest  of  the 
expedition,  271  have  been  accounted  for 
as  killed  in  various  ways,  leaving  only  29 
whose  fate  is  unknown.     Three  only  have 
been  pardoned,  and  allowed  to  return  to 
America,  namely.  Colonel  Uaynes,  Cap- 
tain J.  A.  Kelly,  and  Lieut.  P.  S.  Van 
Vechten, — from  a  circumstantial  narrative 
of  these  transactions  written  by  the  last 
the  present  abstract  is  derived.     Colonel 
Downman  was  killed  in  battle  on  the  13th 
August.     Colonel  W.  L.  Crittenden  with 
fifty  followers  were  captured  in  four  boatf 
endeavouring  to  return  to  New  Orleans  ( 
they  were  brought  into  Havannah  at  1 
a.m.  on  the  16th  August,  and  shot  in  the 
public  square  soon  after  1 1  the  same  day* 
Of  this  number  forhr  were  Amerioaofy 
four  Irish,  one  Scotch,  one  ItaIi«n;two 


420 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Oct. 


Hungarians,  two  Habaneros,  and  one  Phi- 
lippine Islander.  Eight  were  commis- 
sioned  officers,  two  surgeons,  and  the  rest 
non-commissioned  officers  and  privates. 
All  the  reports  upon  which  the  expedition 
was  instigated  are  now  found  to  have  been 
false,  and  it  is  suggested  were  principally 
promoted  by  the  mercenary  views  of  the 
holders  of  Cuban  bonds. 

AUSTRALIA. 

A  discovery  of  gold  has  been  made  in 
the  mountain  ranges  of  Australia,  which 
has  excited  as  great  a  dislocation  of  in- 
dustrial habits  and  of  the  value  of  com- 
modities as  attended  the  similar  discovery 
in  California.  Flour  rose  from  28*.  to 
45«.  per  100  lbs.  in  the  town  of  Bathurst, 
and  most  other  provisions  in  like  propor- 
tion. The  truth  of  the  discovery,  which 
was  first  made  by  Mr.  Hargraves,  has 
been  verified  by  Mr.  Stutchbury,  the 
government  geologist;  and  one  of  the  first 


adventurers,  a  young  man  named  Nede, 
returned  to  Bathurst  with  a  piece  of  fine 
metal,  weighing  11  onnces,  which  he  sold 
for  30/. 

NEPAVL. 

The  Nepaulese  prime  minister,  who  was 
in  England  last  season  aa  *'  Ambassador,** 
on  returning  home  found  a  conspiracy,  in 
which  were  his  own  brodier  and  the 
brother  of  the  King  of  Nepanl,  formed  to 
take  away  his  authority  and  life.  The 
conspirators  on  being  discovered  were  con- 
derancd  to  die,  but  the  minister  refuted 
to  carry  out  the  sentence  even  against  his 
enemies,  alleging  as  his  reason  that  the 
English  people  and  press  would  censare 
his  conduct.  Thus,  even  in  this  remote 
district,  does  the  power  of  opinion  and  the 
English  press  exercise  a  refining  and  hu- 
manizing influence  on  a  barbarian  who 
has  once  become  acquainted  with  it. 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


Aug.  27.  Her  Majesty's  progress  by 
the  Great  Northern  Railway  to  her  High- 
land retreat  at  Balmoral  was  marked  by 
every  possible  efi'ort  on  the  part  of  her 
loyal  subjects  to  obtain  a  view  of  her 
gracious  person,  and  to  testify  their  dutiful 
allegiance.  Every  station  along  the  line, 
and  all  other  available  spots,  were  thronged 
with  eager  crowds,  but  the  only  places  at 
which  the  train  was  stopped  were,  Hitchin, 
where  the  national  anthem  was  sung  by 
the  assemblage  ;  Peterborough,  where  the 
mayor  and  corporation  were  received,  and 
also  the  clergy  of  the  diocese,  headed  by 
the  venerable  Bishop,  formerly  her  Ma- 
jesty's tutor  ;  Boston,  where  the  corpora- 
tion presented  an  address  ;  and  Lincoln, 
where  also  an  address  was  presented. 
The  train  stopped  for  the  night  at  Don- 
caster,  having  accomplished  the  distance 
from  London — 176  miles — in  4  hours  and 
25  minutes  ;  and  the  whole  distance  from 
Osborne,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  (which  her 
Majesty  left  in  the  morning),  in  nine  hours 
and  a  half.  Her  Majesty  slept  in  the 
Angel  Hotel  at  Doncaster.  The  next  day 
she  proceeded  to  Edinburgh,  stopping  by 
the  way  at  Newcastle.  She  arrived  at  St. 
Margaret's  station,  Edinburgh,  at  half 
after  three,  was  received  by  a  guard  of 
honour,  and  conducted  by  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch  and  the  civic  authorities  through 
the  new  town  to  Holy  rood  Palace.  In  the 
evening  the  Corporation  were  admitted  to 
present  an  address,  and  the  Lord  Provost, 
Mr.  Johnston,  was  knighted.  Tlie  royal 
party  left  Holyrood  Palace  early  in  the 
morning  of  Friday,  Aug.  29,  and  proceeded 


through  the  Queen's  Park  to  the  Meadow- 
bank  station  of  the  North  British  Railway, 
which  took  them  forward  to  Stonehaven ; 
and  thence  they  proceeded  across  the 
country  to  Balmoral. 

The  Tithe  Office  at  Somerset  House  is 
in  course  of  dissolution.  This  arises  from 
there  being  no  more  business  now  to  do, 
the  tithes  throughout  England  being  nearly 
wholly  commuted,  and  thns  an  end  put  to 
a  very  ancient  but  obnoxious  impost— 
**  tithes  in  kind.'*  About  thirty  derks  are 
dismissed  without  any  pension,  bat  with 
only  a  gratuity  of  one  year*s  salary. 

A  very  beautiful  stained-glass  window 
has  been  erected  in  Trinity  Church,  Ches- 
terfield, by  Robert  Stephenson,  esq.  M.P. 
in  memory  of  his  celebrated  father,  the 
late  George  Stephenson,  C.E.  It  is  a 
triplet  of  the  Early  English  style.  Each 
light  is  inclosed  by  a  ridi  border,  and  the 
general  ground  is  ruby,  on  which  is  dis- 
played flowering  scroll  work  of  the  cha- 
racter peculiar  to  the  style.  Hie  panels 
are  filled  with  Scripture  subjects: — the 
compartment  on  the  left  has  Christ  calling 
a  little  child  unto  him,  and  Christ's  en- 
tombment ;  the  centre  is  occupied  by  the 
Last  Supper,  and  above  is  the  Ascension 
and  below  Mary  at  the  Sepnlchre.  The 
right  hand  compartment  contains  the  Pre- 
sentation of  our  Lord  in  the  Temple,  and 
the  Raising  of  Lazarus.  The  inscription 
at  the  foot  of  the  centre  whadow  runs  thus, 
"  Memorial  to  George  Stephenson,  C.E. 
died  August  12,  1R48,  aged  sixty-eight 
years." 

IValikam  and  Sppinp  F9ruU^koQmir 


1851.] 


Preferments, 


421 


ing  to  a  late  act  (14th  and  15th  of  Victoria, 
chap.  43),  the  Forest  of  Hainault,  which 
is  a  part  of  Waltham  Forest,  is  to  be  dis- 
afforested, and  public  roads  may  be  made. 
The  act  is  not  to  extend  to  Epping  Forest. 
Certain  poor  widows  are  entitled  to  a  load 
of  timber  once  a-year,  on  Easter  Monday, 
or  to  8«.  when  they  cannot  procure  a  team 
to  carry  it  away.  By  the  act  their  rights 
are  to  be  ascertained  and  the  amount  in- 
vested, so  that  at  the  end  of  every  year 
the  dividends  are  to  be  expended  in  fuel 
for  the  widows,  and  the  same  distributed 
at  Christmas.  The  act  is  to  be  enforced 
by  commissioners  to  be  appointed. 

The  New  Surrey  County  Gaol  at  Wands- 
worthf  erected  as  a  substitute  for  the  gaols 
of  Guildford,  Kingston,  &c.  is  completed, 
and  ready  for  the  reception  of  prisoners. 
It  is  built  upon  an  elevated  site  at  Wands- 
worth-common  ;  the  external  walls  inclose 
an  area  of  13  acres.  The  building  is  of 
an  irregular  pentagonal  form,  about  1000 
feet  in  length  and  660  feet  in  depth.  The 
design  is  by  D.  Hill,  esq.  architect,  of 
Birmingham.     The  style   is   plain,  con- 


sisting of  massive  brickwork,  with  stone 
coigns  and  dressings,  the  interior  having 
all  the  modern  improvements  and  arrange- 
ments as  at  Pentonville  and  similar  pri- 
sons; it  is,  moreover,  entirely  fire- proof. 
This  gaol  is  calculated  for  700  prisoners 
— 335  males  and  165  females ;  a  separate 
cell  for  each,  measuring  13  feet  by  7  feet, 
and  7  feet  in  height ;  and  there  are  also 
47  reception  and  punishment  cells,  the 
whole  of  the  floorings  of  which,  in  order 
effectually  to  exclude  damp,  are  laid  with 
Orsi  and  Armani's  patent  metallic  lava. 
The  chapel  has  394  separate  sittings,  and, 
from  the  flooring  being  laid  in  chequered 
blue  and  white  Staffordshire  tiles,  has  a 
very  neat  appearance.  Throughout  the 
whole  building  similar  apparatus  to  Pen- 
tonville is  applied  for  warming,  ventilating, 
cooking,  drying  clothes,  &c. ;  while  the 
kitchen,  cooking  apparatus,  laundry,  &c. 
are  isolated  from  the  main  building.  The 
magistrates'  room  and  the  apartments  for 
the  respective  officers  are  neatly,  but  not 
expensively,  fitted. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Gazette  Prefbkments. 

Aug.  7.  Knifhted,  John  Hindmarsh,  esq. 
Capt.  R.N.,  K.H.  Lieut.-Governor  of  Heligo- 
land. 

Aug.  16.  Edward  Lawes,  esq.  barrister-at- 
law,  to  be  Chairman  of  the  Metropolitan  Com- 
missioners of  Sewers. 

Aug.  28.  Knighted,  the  Riffht  Hon.  William 
Johnston,  of  Kirkhill,  Lord  Provost  of  Edin- 

Aug.  29.  James  Hudson,  esq.  CB.  (now 
Envoy  at  Rio  de  Janeiro),  to  be  Envov  Extr. 
and  Minister  Plenip.  to  the  Grand  Dnke  of 
Tuscany  ;  Henry  Southern,  esq.  C.B.  (now 
Minister  to  the  Arflrentine  Confederation),  to 
be  Envoy  Extr.  ana  Minister  Plenip.  to  the 
Emperor  of  Brazil ;  Capt.  the  Hon.  Robert  Gore, 
U.  N.  (now  Charge  d' Affaires  to  the  Oriental  Re- 
public of  the  Uruguay),  to  beChargd  d'Aflkires 
and  Consul-General  to  the  Argentine  Con- 
fe<ieration;  the  Hon.  Frederick  Bruce  (now 
Charge  d'Affaires  to  Bolivia),  to  be  Charg<^ 
d'AfTaires  and  Consul-General  to  the  Oriental 
Republic  of  the  Uruguay  .—William  Ayshford 
Sanford,  esq.  to  be  Colonial  Secretary  for  the 
territory  of  western  Australia. 

Sept.  1.  Samuel  Morton  Peto,  esq.  to  be 
Deputy  Chairman  of  the  Metropolitan  Ck>m. 
missioners  of  Sewers. 

Sept.  4.  Royal  Marines,  Capt.  and  brevet 
Major  W.  L.  Dawes  to  be  Lieat.-Cotonel. 

Sept.  9.  2d  West  India  Regt.  brevet  Major 
S.  J.  Hilt  to  be  Major,  and  to  be  Major,  ex 
officio,  of  the  Gold  Coast  Corps.— Lanarkshire 
Yeomanry  Cavalry,  Major  W.  Lockliart  to  be 
Lieut. -Colonel  Commandant ;  Capt.  A.  M. 
Lockhart  to  be  Major. 

Sept.  12.  Lieot.-Col.  William  Reid,  C.B.  to 
be  Governor  of  Malta. 

Sept.  16.  Dominick  Daly,  esq.  to  be  Lieut. 
Governor  of  the  island  of  Tobago.— 6th  Dragoon 


Guards,  Major  H.  R.  Jones  to  be  Lieut.-Col. ; 
Capt.  W.  N.  Custance  to  be  Major.— 25th  Foot. 
Capt.  S.  Wells  to  be  Major. 


Alfred  Reid,  esq.  to  be  President  of  the  Virgin 
Islands,  and  Senior  Member  of  Council. 

Mr.  John  J.  Esdaile  to  be  Provost- Marshal 
of  the  island  of  Nevis. 

Mr.  Nicholas  Esterhazy  Stephen  Armitage 
Hamilton  to  a  clerkship  in  the  State  Paper 
Office. 

Charles  Maturin,  esq.  to  be  Crown  prose- 
cutor for  the  county  and  city  of  Derry. 

Joseph  LovegTove,  esq.  to  be  Ck>roner  for  the 
county  of  Gloucester. 

John  Burne,  esq.  M.D.  to  be  Physician  to 
the  Bath  General  Hospital,  vice  Dr.  Lindoe, 
resigned. 

July  11.  The  following  gentlemen  were 
sworn  in  as  Queen's  Counsel :  Robert  Ingham, 
James  Campbell.  Thomas  Chandless,  J.  W. 
Willcock,  W.  Coufson,  Graham  Willmore,  Fred. 
W.  Slade,  W.  T.  S.  Daniel,  John  George  Philli. 
more,  John  Baily,  Brent  S.  FoUett,  John  Mel- 
lor,  Richard  David  Craig,  W.  B.  Glasse.  Robert 
Pashley,  Samuel  Warren,  WillUm  Elmsley, 
G.  W.  W.  Bramwell,  W.  Atherton,  James  An- 
derson, Hugh  Hill. 


Naval  Preferments. 

Aug,  26.  Commander  John  Sanderson  to  the 
Lily. 

Aug.  27.  C.  R.  Moorsom,  esq.  George  James 
Eari  of  Egmont,  Sir  G.  A.  Westphal  to  be  Rcar- 
Admirals  on  the  reserved  half-pay  list  •,  P.  W.P. 
Wallis,  esq.  to  be  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue.— 
To  be  retired  Rear-Admirals  on  the  terms  pro- 

Eosed  Ist  Sept.  1846:  Hon.  J.  Gordon.  W.  Pop- 
am,  esq.  Jas.  Hay,  esq.  Sir  C  T.  Jones,  and 
R.  R.  Carre,  esq. 


422 


Ecclesiastical  Prefemients^^BirtJis. 


[Oct. 


Aug.  28.  Captain  W.  H.  Morsbead  to  Dido : 
CommanderB  A.  Mellersh  to  Rattler,  and  Lord 
W.  Complon  to  Modestc;  Wm.  A.  Fellowes  to 
Ganp^es. 

Sept.  2.  T.  Ferris  to  be  Captain  on  reserved 
list. 

Sept.  8.  Commodore  M.  Seymour  to  be  Com- 
modore of  the  first  class,  and  Superintendent 
of  Devonport  Dockyard.— Commodore  E.  P. 
Von  Donop  to  be  nu^ent  for  mails. 


Ecclesiastical  Prkfkrmknts. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  G.  Herbert,  Shrawardine  U 

and  Mont  ford  V.  Salop. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Apthorp,  Hlnckford  P.C  Somerset. 
Rev.  M.  Argles,  Barnack  R.  Northamptonsh. 
Rev.  H.  W.  Ilaker,  Monkland  V.  Herefordsh. 
Rev.  G.  R.  Brown,  Maiden- Bradley  P.C.  Wilts. 
Rev.  W.  Butterficld,  Alpliin^on  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  Cather,  Westport  (or  Auerhaval)  R.  and 

V.  Tuam. 
Rcv.C.M.(Tiristic,  Stony-Stratford  P.C.  Bucks. 
Rev.  A.  Ch'laiul,  Dundonald  R.  Down. 
Rev.  H.  Dancer,  I  nniscaltra  R.andV.  Killaloe. 
Rev.  L.  S.  Dudman,  Pitney  R.  Somerset. 
Rev.  S.  East,  Xorthover  V.  Somerset. 
Rev.  A.  Eden,  Ticcliurst  V.  Sussex. 
Rev.  R.  Eden  (F.S.A.)  North  Walsham  V.  w. 

Antingham  K.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  J.  Elliot,  Scarvajfh  P.C.  Dromore. 
Rev.  James  Fawcett,  KnaresborouehV.Yorksh. 
Rev.  G.  I.  Fisher,  Abbots- Kers well  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  F.  Fitz-John  French,  l*rebend  of  Yagoe 

in  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  Dublin. 
Rev.  J.  N.  Garland,  St.  John  R.  Jamaica. 
Rev.  J.  Gibbs,  Ma^hera^at  V,  Connor. 
Rev.  J.  E.  Gladstone,  Lon?  Acre  Chapel,  Lond. 
Rev.  G.  W.  (Jroj^an,  St.  >fatthew  P.C.  ITiorpe- 

Hamlet,  Norwich. 
Rev.  B,  Guest,  I»ilton  R.  Northamptonshire. 
Rev.  R.  C.  Hales,  City  Lectureshij),  St.  Mar- 
tin-Carfax, Oxford. 
Rev.  A.  P.  Ilanlon,  Kilrush  R.  Ferns. 
Rev.  G.  L.  Harkness,  Flax-Bourton  P.C.  Som. 
Rev.  J.  Hensman,  Clifton  New  Church  P.C. 

Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  J.  Hill,  City  Lecturesliip,  St.  Martin- 
Carfax,  Oxford. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Hilliard,  Cowley  R.  Middlesex. 
Rev.  W.  S.  Hoole,  St.  James  P.C.  Briercliffe, 

Lancashire. 
Rev.  W.  H.  Hueall,  Havcrthwaite  P.C.  Lane 
Rev.  H.  B.  Huleatt,  Rathbourney  R.  and  V. 

Kilfenora. 
Rev.  H.  W.  Jermyn,  Deanery  of  Ross  and 

Moray,  Scotland. 
Rev.  T.  N.  Kearney,  Rathfarnham  R.  Dublin. 
Rev.  R.  B.  Kinsman,  Tintagel  V.  Cornwall. 
Rev.  R.  L.  Loughborougli,  Pirton  V.  Herts. 
Rev.  T.  LudUm,  Holy  Trinity  R.  w.  St.  Mary 

R.  Guildford,  Surrey. 
Rev.  T.  H.  Maniuff,  Clayton  P.C.  Yorkshire. 
Rev  H.  J.  Marieii,  St.  John  P.C.  Blackburn, 

J/ancashiro. 
lev  J.  M:.;shnP,  Wark  R.  Northumberland. 
I'  V.  •)  ';v\illc  (K.  of  Shelsley-Beauchamp), 

Hon.  (...iioiiry,  >V(,rcester  Cathedral. 
Rev.  5^.  II.  .Mcyrick,  Vicar-Choral  and  Keeper 

of  Librury,  l^i<>more  Cathedral. 
Rev.  I).  V  :.Iwr2:an,  .St.  .Mary  P.C.  Leaminirton. 
UiV.  \v.  J,  Mniioy,  Ballinriclaah  P.C.  Wicklow. 
Rc'V.  E.  Xraii!,  sft.  Augustine  V.  Bristol. 
Rev.  li.  R.  Ncviil.  St.  Alark  P.C.  Lakenham, 

Norwich. 
Rov.A  Nu^'ee.Widley  R.w.WymerinjrVJHants. 
Kev,  J.  I).  Ostrehan,  Creech  St.  Michael  V. 

Somerset. 
Rev.  R.  Oulton,  Alterlesert  P.C.  Armagh. 
Kcv.  R.  I  err  lam,  Sidbury  R.  Salop. 
Rev.  G.  Phillimorc,  Down-Ampney  V.  Okmc. 


Rey.  H.  Pratt,  Canonry,  Petefborongli  Ca^ 

thedral. 
Rev.  W.  Radcliff,  Donaghmore  K.  uid  V.  Wide- 
low. 
Rev.  J.  Rawes,  Kirton  R.  Saflblk. 
Rev.  F.  M.  Rowden,  StaDton-Fltx-Warren  R. 

Wilts. 
Rev.  F.  T.  Rowell,  Barmantofti  P.C.  Leedi. 
Rev.  A.  B.  Russell,  WestbuiT-upon-Trym  P.C. 

w.  Redland,  Oloacestenmre. 
Rev.  E.  A.  Sanford,  Combe-Fknvf  B.  SomerMt. 
Rev.  L.  T.  Shire,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Batb- 

mines,  Dublin. 
Re?.  W.  S.  Sloane-Evans,  Holy  Trinity  P.C. 

Barnstaple,  Devon. 
Rev.  J.  O.  Stallard,  Brockhaimrton  P.C.  Heref. 
Rev.  R.  Surtees,  Alveaton  P.O.  Qkracestcnh. 
Rev.  W.  F.  Taylor,  St.  John  P.C.  Urerpool. 
Rev.  J.  S.  Vaaghan,  Stockland-Bristol  v.Som. 
Rev.  W.  Walton,  Great  Moulton  B.  Noriblk. 
Rev.  W.  Waring  (R.  of  Shobdon),  ArchdMConry 

of  Salop,  dio.  Hereford. 
Rev.  R.  Webster  (V.  of  Kelloe),  Hon.  Canonry, 

Durham  Cathedral. 
Rev.  —  Welby,  St.  Paul  P.C.  Sketty,  Olam. 
Rev.  T.  W.  Weston,  Preston-upon-Stoor  P4X 

Gloucestershire.        • 
Rev.  T.  L.  Williams,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Fortb- 

leven,  Cornwall. 
Rev.  R.  Williamson,  D.D.  (Vicar  of  Perihort), 

Hon.  Clanonry,  Worcester  Cathedral. 
Rev.  J.  Windle.  Afternoon  Lectoreship,  St. 

Mary,  Whitecnapel. 
Rev.  A.  F.  Wynter,  Barnardiston  R.  Suffolk. 

To  ChaplaineUt. 

Rev.  E.  Brine.  British   Ambaisador  at  the 

Court  of  the  Netherlands. 
Rev.  C.  H.  Davis,  Strond  Union  (pro  tempj 

Gloucestershire. 
Rev.  A.  Fielding,  H.  M.  Dockvard,  Chatham. 
Rev.   R.  Hake,  Wameford  Lunatic  Asylom, 

Ileadington,  Oxon. 
Rev.  J .  Hobson.  British  Cbund,8hanghae,Cbiiia. 
Rev.  Watson  King,  Kent  County  Gaol,  llald- 

stone. 
Rev.  W.  A.  Neville  (and   Snperintendoit  of 

Morals),  Royal  Hospital.  Kilmainham. 
Rev.G.Rose, Readership  of  thcTempIe.  London. 
Rev.  H.  Stowell,  Bishop  of  Manchester. 
Rev.  Josiah  Thompson,  H.M.  ship  Monarch. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Twist,  to  Bishop  of  Jamaica. 

Collegiate  and  ScholMtie  Appomim«ni9, 

R.  Harper,  B.A.  Bectorof  the  Royal  Academy, 

I  u  ver oess . 
Dr.  Milne,  I'rincipal  of  the  Dollar  InstitoUon^ 

Edinburgh. 
Rev.  J.  Peflder,  Principal  of  Bishop  Cosin'fe 

Hall,  Durham. 
Rev.  H.  N.  Read,  Second  Master,  GranmMur 

School.  Oundle,  Korthamptonshirt. 
Bev.  J.  W.  S.  Simpson,  Mastership,  OramoMr 

School,  Farnwortb,  Lancashire. 
Rev.  W.  Wright,  LL.D.  Mastership,  Gramaiar 

School,  Colchester. 


Rev.  G.  H.  U.  Fagan  (R.  of  Kingweston),  Hon. 
Sec.  to  the  Bath  and  Wells  Diocesan  Sooetiet. 


BIRTHS. 

Ma^  2.  At  Sydney,  New  South  Wales,  at 
the  Bishop's  residence,  the  wUb  of  the  tter. 

Thomas  Jackson,  a  dan. Sft.  At  Hong  Konf , 

the  wife  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Victoria,  a  sob. 

Junein.  At  Madras,  the  wiile  Of  Mi^rPeara» 
C.B.  Madras  Eng.  a  son. 

Aug.  17.  At  Q>mpton-pl.  BastbonnMt  Lady 
Fanny  Howard,  a  dau.— 18.  At  TntaakOb 
Goniwall,  the  wife  ^  Bdward  Aftber,  eaq*  a 


1851.] 


Marriages* 


423 


son. 19.    At  Markington  Orange,  the  wife 

of  Frands  Darwin,  esq.  a  son. At  Ollerton, 

Lady  Maria  Chatterton,  a  dau. 21 .  At  Cob- 
ham  hall,  Kent,  the  Countess  of  Darnley,  a 

son  and  heir. At  St.  Peter's,  Northampton, 

the    Hon.  Mrs.  De  Saumarez,  a  son. At 

Henley  park,  Surrey,  the  wife  of  the  Rev. 

W.  W.  Spicer,  a  son. 22.  At  Wellesbourne, 

Warw.  lidy  Charles  Paulet,  a  son. 24.    At 

the  Priory,  Reigate,  the  Marchioness  of  Ailsa, 

a  dau. 27.    In  Upper  Brook  street,  Lady 

Sarah  Lindsay,  a  dan. 28.    In  Gloucester 

terrace,  Regent's  park,  Ladv  Northcote,  a  dau. 
——At  Stonrton  rectory,  Wiltshire,  the  wife 

of  Brownlow  Poulter,  esq.  a  dau. 29.    At 

York,  the  wife  of  Capt.  Ormsby,  M.P.  a  son. 
—30.    At  Famdon  rectory,  co.  Npn.  the  wife 

of  the  Rev.  George  Adams,  a  dau. 31 .   Lady 

Norrevs,  a  son. 

Sept.  1.  In  Portman  sq.  the  lady  of  Lord 
Leign,  a  son  and  heir. At  Worthing,  Sus- 
sex, the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Fitzgerald  A.  Foley, 

a  son. 8.    At  Brussels,  Lady  M*Mahon,  a 

son.       4.    At  Helen's  pi.  the  wife  of  Samuel 

Solly,  eso.  F.R.S.  a  son. At  Salisbury,  the 

wife  of  Tliomas  Fraser  Grove,   esq.  Seagry 

house,  Wilts,  a  son  and  heir. 6.  At  Somer- 

sal,  Herbert,  wife  of  W.  FitzHerbert.  esq.  a 
son. 8.  At  Bath,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  K.  Lam- 
bert Baynes,  a  son. 9.    At  Ashley  park. 

Surrey.  Lady  Fletcher,  a  son. In  Norland 

sq.  Notting  nill,  the  wife  of  Comyns  R.  Berke- 
ley, esq.  a  son. 10.    At  Chester,  the  lady 

of  Sir  Kdw.  Walker,  a  son. 12.    At  Wilton 

crescent,  the  wife  of  H.  W.  Oashwood,  esq.  a 
son. 15.  At  Beeston  hall,  Norf.  Lady  Pres- 
ton, a  son  and  heir. 16.    At  Manby,  the 

Countess  of  Yarborough,  a  son. 


MARRIAGES. 

July  1 7.  At  St.  Paul's  Knightsbridge,  Robt. 
Hallowell  Carew,  late  Capt.  S6th  Regt.  fifth 
son  of  the  late  Admiral  Sir  Benjamin  H. 
Carew,  G.C.B.  to  Anne  Rycroft,  relict  of 
Walter  Tyson  Smithies,  esq.  and  fourth  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Oliver  Raymond,  LL.B.  Rector 
of  Middleton,  Essex. At  St.  Paul's  Knights- 
bridge, Lieut.  Henry  Stewart.  R.N.  to  Fran- 
ces-Amelia, only  surviving  oau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Thomas  Kenney,  R^tor  of  Donough- 

more,  Cork. At  Liverpool,  the  Rev.  T.  D. 

AUtedf  Sub-Chaplain  of  St.  Thomas's  Hos- 

Sltal,  Newcastle-on-Tyne,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  W. 
fott,  esq.  H.M.  Customs  in  that  port. At 

Liverpool,  Tyndall,  third  son  of  Robert  Bright, 
esq.  of  Abbots  Leigh,  Bristol,  to  Mary,  eldest 

dau.  of  W.  Fletcher,   esq.  Liverpool. At 

Upper  Clatford,  near  Andover,  the  Rev.  Chas. 
Robert  Dampier,  RectorofThornford,  Dorset, 
and  youngest  son  of  the  late  Rev.  John  Dam- 
pier,  of  Colinshays,  Som.  to  Frances- Elizabeth, 
only  child  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Frowd,  Rector 

of  Upper  Clatford. At  Surbiton,  the  Rev. 

William  Maule,  third  son  of  George  Maule, 
esq.  of  Wilton  crescent,  to  Cecil,  youngest 

dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Vardon,  esq. At 

St.  Mark's  Kennington,  James  Henry  Butler^ 
eso.  F.R.C.S.  of  the  Bengal  Service,  to  Ma- 
tilda-Poynder,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  M.  Rainbow, 

esq. At  St.  James's  Westminster,  Lieut.- 

Col.  J.  E.  W.  Inglii,  of  H.M.  32nd  Regt.  son 
of  the  late  Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia,  to  Julia- 

Selina,  dau.  of  Sir  F.  Thesiger,  M.P. At  St. 

Luke  Chelsea,  Alexander  Lean,  esq.  of  Cum- 
nor,  Berks,  to  Clara-Eliza,  third  dau.  of  the 
late  Henry  Haines,  esq.  of  Sussex  gardens, 

Hyde   park. At   St.    Marylebone,    Robert 

William  Suckling,  esq.  Comm.  R.N.  to  Char- 
lotte-Caroline, only  dau.  of  the  late  H.  F. 
Amedroz,  esq. 
18.    At  Jersey,  Lawrence  Trent  Cave,  esq. 


54th  Regt.  younger  son  of  Charles  Cave,  esq. 
of  Lowndes  st.  Belgrave  sq.  to  Emily-Rosellen, 
only  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henry  Torre  Holme, 

of  Paull  Holme. At   Hampstead,  Robert 

Templeton,  esq*,  of  Craomore,  Ireland,  to 
Mary- Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Assistant 
Commissary-Gen.  James  Slade. 

19.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  John 
Forbes  Clarh,  esq.  only  son  of  Sir  James  Clark, 
Bart.  Attach^  to  Her  Majesty's  Embassy  at 
Paris,  to  Charlotte,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Mr. 
Justice  Coltman. 

91 .  At  Christchurch.  Lieut.  William  Charles 
Oearv,  R.N.  of  Milford,  to  Josephine,  dau.  of 
Charles  Porter  Humphreys,  esq.  of  Norwich. 

At   Highgate,   the   Hon.  George  Edwin 

LasceUet,  third  son  of  the  Earl  of  Harcwood, 
to  the  Lady  Louisa  Nina  Murray,  dan.  of  the 
Earl  of  Mansfield,  K.T. 

22.  At  the  Chapel  of  the  Bavarian  Embassy, 
Lord  Edward  Howard,  second  son  of  the  Duke 

of  Norfolk,  to  Miss  Talbot. At  St.  Mary's 

Bryanstone  sq.  Robert,  son  of  the  late  Henry 
Blwes,  esq.  of  Colesborne,  Glouc.  to  Mary, 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  Lucas,  of  Edithweston. 

At  Clifton,  Major  Randolph,  late  of  the 

57th  Regt.  to  Caroline,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
William  Edwards,  esq.  of  Teignmouth,  for- 
merly of  the  66th  Regt. At  Thruxton,  the 

Rev.  Henry  Dyson,  vicar  of  Barking,  Essex, 
to  Matilda,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Charles 
Warren,  esq.  of^Midhurst  and  the  Foreign 

Office. At  Torrington,  R.  C.  Price,  esq.  son 

of  the  late  R.  Price,  Rector  of  Corry  ton,  Devon, 
to  Amelia,  dau.  of  John  Humphreys,  esq.  late 
R.  Art.  of  Rhozygilman,  Pembrokeshire.—— 
At  Pirbright.  Harry  R.  lUcardo,  esq.  second 
son  of  Ralph  Ricardo,  esq.  of  Norwood,  to 
Anna,  eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Halsey.  esq.  of 

Henley  park,  Surrey. At  Hildenborough, 

near  Tunbridge,  William  Vivian  Foote,  son  of 
the  late  Dr.  F^ote,  to  Sarah,  youngest  dau.  of 

John  Daniel  Aubert,  esq. At  Bovey  Tracy, 

the  Rev.  William  Paul  Wood,  M.A.  St.  John's 
colleij^e,  Oxford,  Rector  of  Manaton,  Devon,  to 
Jaquite-Mary,  third  dau.  of  William  Hole,  esq. 
At  Margate,  the  Rev.  J.  Barton,  of  Lang- 
ley,  Derb.  to  Mary,  dau.  of  J.  Harrison,  esq. 

R.N.  of  Slough. At  Paddington,  Edward 

Humphrys  Wiggett,  esq.  of  Baughorst  house, 
Hants,  to  Margaret-Ann,  dau.  of  the  late  Geo. 
Wade.  esq.  of  Dunmow. At  Catsfield,  Sus- 
sex, Humjbhrey  Conwell  Barton,  esq.  of  Has- 
tings, to  Oharlotte-Maria,  second  dau.  of  Mat. 

Bradshawe,  late  of  77th  Regt. ^At  Comhill, 

Northumberland.  Capt.  G.  C.  Dickint,  46th 
Inf.  to  Fanny,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  H.  J.  U. 
Collingwood,  esq.  of  Lilburn  tower,  and  Corn- 
hill   house,   Northumberland. At   Christ 

Church,  Albany  st.  Onley  Savill  Onley,  esq.  of 
Stisted  hall,  to  Jane,  dau.  of  William  Fox,  esq. 

of  Chester  terr.  Regent's  park. At  LentoDi 

the  Rev.  Robert  Wetherell,  B.A.  Rector  of 
Elton,  Nottinghamshire,  to  Lydia-Mary,  se- 
cond dau.  of  the  late  J.  Tliorpe,  esq.  of  Bea- 
consfield. 

23.  At  Horwood,  Thomas  George  Staveley, 
esq.  of  the  Foreign  Office,  to  Fanny,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Dene. At  Padding- 
ton, the  Rev.  Henry  Stuart  Pagan,  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  coll.  Oxford,  and  Head  Master  of 
Burton-on-Trent  Grammar  School,  to  Emily, 
eldest  dau.  of  James  Kinnier,  esq.  M.D.  of 

New  York. At  Hampstead  Norris,  Berks, 

the  Rev.  Philip  Longmore,  M.A.  Curate  of 
Bygrave,  Herts,  eldest  son  of  Philip  Longmore, 
esq.  of  Hertford,  to  Mary,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
John  Blissard,  Vicar  of  Hampstead  Norris. 

At  Huddersfield,  the  Rev.  John  Beaumont, 

M.A.  Incumbent  of  Sneyd,  Staff,  son  of  Joseph 
Beaumont,  esq.  of  Huddersfield,  to  Jane,  dan. 
of  the  late  Alderman  John  Britain,  of  Ripon. 

24.  At  Paddington,  Samuel  Stephens  BoH' 


424 


3fat*riciges* 


[Oct 


kart,  of  Leicester,  esq.  B.A.  to  Elizabeth-'Wal- 
pole,  dau.  of  the  late  William  Weig^htman.  esq. 
and  Btepdau.  of  Robert  Nerins,  esq.  of  Glou- 
cester ([gardens,  Hyde  park. At  Paddin^oD, 

Edward,  youngest  son  of  tbe  late  William 
Stauntottf  esq.  of  Long^bridg^e  house,  near 
Warwick,  to  Hannah-Anne,  fourth  dau.  of  the 
late  Samuel  Tufnell  Barrett,  es().  of  Connaug^ht 

square,  Hyde  park At  Brixton,  the  Rev. 

W.  S.  Parish  f  M.A.  Fellow  of  St.  Peter's  college, 
Cambridge,  and  Vicar  of  Cherry  Hinton,  to 

Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Parish,  esq. 

At  My  lor,  Cornwall,  the  Rev.  H.  T.  Rodd, 
Vicar  of  Gwinear,  and  fourth  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  Dr.  Rodd,  of  Trebartha  hall,  to  Marianne- 
Baillie,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  R.  S.  Sutton, 

esq.  of  Flushing. At  Town  Mailing,  Charles 

Christopher  Uaymanf  esq.  surgeon,  Town 
Mailing,  son  of  Charles  Hayman,  esq.  of  Ux- 
minster,  Devon,  to  Elizabeth-Hughes,  elder 

dau.  of  Silas  Norton,  esq. At  St.  Giles's 

Camberwell,  William  Wadnam  White,  esq.  son 
of  Samuel  White  White,  esq.  of  Charlton 
house,  Dorset,  and  Farncomb,  Surrey,  to  Nina, 

youngest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Humall. 

At  St.  George,  Queen  sq.  Thos.  Cooke  Wright, 
esq.  of  Lincoln's  inn,  barrister,  to  Fanny, 
third  dau.  of  William  Loftus  Lowndes,  esq. 
Q.  C. At  Ipswich,  Walter  Stephens  Brink- 
ley,  esq.  nth  Hussars,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  John  Brinkley,  Rector  of  Glanworth, 
CO-  Cork,  to  Susanna-Caroline,  eldest  dau.  of 
Michael  Turner,  esq.  late  Major  Ist  Dragoon 

Guards. At  Handsworth,  the  Rev.  B.  A. 

Marshall,  M.A.  Curate  of  Tattenhall,  to  Selina, 
dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Malins,  esq.  M.D.  of 

Liverpool. At    Eastdown,   James   Harris, 

esq.  of  Viveham  house,  near  Barnstaple,  to 
Elizabeth-Fanny,  sixth  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 

Charles  Pine  Coffin,  of  Eastdown  house. At 

Kensington,  Gen.  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Frederick 
Adam,  U.CB.  to  Ann-Lindsay,  dau.  of  the  late 

John  Maberly,  esq. At  All  Souls'  Marylc- 

bone,  NicI  S.  Buchanan,  esq.  of  Knockshin- 
noch,  Ayrshire  (late  Capt.  93d  Highlanders), 
to  Klizabeth-Jane,  only  surviving  dau.  of  the 
late  Richard  Griffiths,  esq.  barrister-at-Iaw. 

At  Paris,  Frederick  Haeusser,  to  Sarah, 

dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Greenwood,  Rector  of 
Colne  Kngaine,  Essex. 

26.  At  Brussels,  Murray  Macgrcgor,  youngest 
son  of  tbe  late  Lieut.-Ool.  Valentine  Blacker, 
CB.  Surveyor-General  of  India,  to  Frances- 
Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Blacker, 

LL.D.  Rector  of  Mullabrack,  Armagh. At 

St.  George's  Bloomsbury,  Mr.  John  James 
Chafy  Backhouse,  of  Dulcote,  Wells,  to  Miss 
Salmon,  only  dau.  of  G.  Salmon,  esq.  and 
granddau.  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  A.  Salmon,  D.D. 
of  Rodney  Stoke,  Som. 

38.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Douglas 
Baird,  esq.  of  Closcburn  hall.  Dumf.  to  Char- 
lotte, only  dau.  of  Henry  Acton,  esq.  and 
graudniece  of  the  late  Sir  John  Edward  Acton, 
Bart. 

29-  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Arthur 
H.  C.  Brown,  esq.  only  son  of  J.  Brown,  esq. 
of  Kingston,  Oxfordshire,  to  Sophia,  eldest 

dau.  or  J.  W.  Fane,  esq.  of  Wormsley. At 

St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Richard  Sutton,  esq. 
of  Skefnngton  hall,  Lcic.  son  of  Sir  Richard 
Sutton.  Bart,  to  Harriet-Anne,  dau.  of  the  late 
Wm.  Fitzwilliam  Burton,  esq.  of  Burton  hall. 

CO.  Carlow. The  Right  Hon.  and  Rev.  Lord 

George  Gordon,  M.A.  of  Clare  hall,  Camb. 
to  Charlotte  Anne,  dau.  of  T.  W.  Vaughan, 
esq.  of  Woodstone,  in  the  co.  Huntingdon, 

Col.  of  the  County  Militia. At  Upminster, 

Essex.  Luther  Holden,  esq.  F.R.C  S.  second 
son  of  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Holden,  of  Kensington, 
to  Frances,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Wasey 

Sterry,  esq.  of  Romford,  Essex. At  Weston, 

George  Thompson,  esq.  of  Highbury,  Middx. 

11 


to  Catherine,  second  dto.  of  W.  M.  Finder* 
esq.  barrister-at-Iaw,  of  BrookfleMU  near  Batb. 

At  St.   Pancras,  Charles  Farewett,  esq, 

second  son  of  the  late  Capt.  Flurewell.  of  Hol- 
brook  house,  Somerset,  to  Louisa,  eldest  dan. 
of  George  Bell,  esq.  late  of  Verremount,  Dub- 
lin.  At  St.  Pancras,   the  Rer.  Benjamin 

Cotton,  B.A.  Trinity  college,  Camb.  younfect 
son  of  the  late  Joseph  Cotton,  esq.  of  Wood- 
ford Bridge,  to  Naomi,  eldest  dan.  of  Leonard 

Hicks,  esq.  of  Kentish  town. At  Dovar.  tbo 

Rev.  John  Hawker,  Incumbent  of  RmUU, 
Hants,  eldest  son  of  Lient.-Gen.  Sir  Thomas 
Hawker,  K.C.H.  to  Elizabeth,  dan.  of  William 
Adair  Bruce,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  of  AabJey, 

Wilts. At  Battersea,  the  Rev.  Henry  Dmrm^ 

Vicar  of  Gillingham  and  Prebendary  of  Salis- 
bury, to  Katharine-Maij,  yonngett  dan.  of 
Ralph  Smyth,  esq.  of  the  Manor  nouie.  Batter- 
sea,  and  formerly  Mijor  of  H.  M.  aoth  Rect. 
At  St.  Mary's  Bryanaton  aq.  James  Ro- 
bert, second  son  of  Clayton  VreHh^,  esq.  of 
Harley  st.  to  Elizabeth- AnnabeUa,  eldest  dan. 

of  Walpole  Eyre,  esq.  of  Bryanaton  aq. At 

Cbastleton,  Oxf.  the  Rev.  Tnoa.  HarriM,  B.D. 
Rector  of  Swerford,  Oxfordshire,  to  Joanna- 
Dorothea,  fourth  dan.  of  John  Henry  Wbit- 

more  Jones^sq.  of  Cbastleton  bonae. ^At 

Lancaster,  Charles  S.  Bagot,  esq.  to  Loqr- 
Francesca,  second  dau.  ofxi.  G.  Hornby,  esq. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Whitby,  Capt.  Helpmmm, 

R.N.  to  Mary,  only  dan.  of  Cbriatopher  Ri- 
chardson, esq.  sen.  of  Whitby,  magistrate,  of 

the  North  Riding. At  Framptoo,  Line  Mr. 

J.  Gustavus  Symes,  surgeon,  Deviaea,  onlj 
son  of  Rear-Adm.  Joseph  Symes.  Crewkeme. 
Somerset,  to  Lydia,  eldest  dan.  of  Mr.  George 

Smith,  of  the  Sandholme. ^At  Prestbnry* 

Glouc.  Samuel  Julian,  esq.  of  Crotta,  Kerry, 
Ireland,  to  Greorgina-Mary-Hormblow,  yonngr- 
est  dau.  of  Lewis  Griffiths,  eaq.  of  Mane  lull, 

near  Cheltenham. At  Newent,  Glonc.  tbe 

Rev.  W.  H.  Havergai,  M.A.  Rector  of  St. 
Nicholas,  Bath,  to  Caroline,  dan.  of  tbe  late 
John  Cooke,  esq.  of  Gloucester. 

30.  At  Chigwell.  Money  W^arwm,  eaq.  Jon. 
the  eldest  son  of  Money  Wigram,  esq.  of 
Wood  house,  Wanstead.  to  Ann-Wtaitaker. 
eldest  dau.  of  William  Whitaker  Maitland, 

esq.  of  Lioughton. At  Martyr  Worthy,  tbe 

Rev.  John  W.  Reeves,  M.A.  eldest  son  of  Jaa. 
Reeves,  esq.  of  King's  Sombome,  to  Blixabetb. 

only  dau.  of  Edward  Bailey,  eaq. At  Old 

Warden,  Bedfordshire,  James  Maxtctte,  esq. 
of  Cultoquhcy,  Perthshire,  to  Caroline-Mary- 
Anne,  youngest  dau.  of  George  Edward  Roa- 

sell,  esq.  late  of  Madras  Civil  Service. At 

Compton,  near  Guildford,  the  Rev.  Henry  O. 
Hand,  Rector  of  Hepworth,  Soflblk,  and  vice 
lYovost  of  King's  college.  Cambridge,  to  Caro* 
line-Anne,  third  dau.  oftue  Rev.  George  More 

Molyneux,  Rector  of  Compton. At  Kirkby 

Lonsdale,  Robert  Cornelius  Dixon,  esq.  third 
son  of  H.  J.  Dixon,  eaq.  of  Fulham,  Miodlesex, 
to  Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  Ute  John  Hall,  eaq. 

31 .  At  St.  Paul's,  Wincbmore  hill,  Williani, 
second  son  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Jmu9,  of  the 
Chapel  Royal,  Whitehall,  and  Enllekl,  to  Em- 
raa-Constantia.  younger  dau.  of  William  Cob- 

bett,  esq.  of  Edmonton. At  St.  Otoirgt*M 

Hanover  sq.  the  Hon.  Strange  Joceigm,  aeoond 
son  of  the  Earl  of  Roden,  to  the  Hon.  Miae 

Hobhouse,  dau.  of  Lord  Broogbton. ^At  St. 

George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Rev.  PInmer  Fott 
Hooper,  second  son  of  Jobn  Boofoy  Rooper. 
esq.  of  Abbots  Ripton,  to  Gcorgiana.  dan.  of 
George  Thomhill,  esq.  M.P.  Of  Diddinrton, 
Herts  — ^At  Wakefield,  tbe  Re?.  F.  W.  Heerv. 
of  Roade,  Northanipton,  to  Blancbe,  yonngeat 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Kilbr,  Incmnbent  of 

St.  John's,  Wakefield. ^At  Madeley,  Staff! 

Richard  Monckton  MUnet,  esq.  M.P.  only  son 
of  R.  F.  Milnes,  esq.  of  Frystone  ball  and 


1851.] 


Marriages. 


425 


Bawtry,  co.  of  York,  to  the  Hon.  Annabel 

Crewe,  youDg:est  sister  of  Lord  Crewe. At 

Paddington,  Henry  Cadogan  Rolherj/t  esq.  of 
Stratford  place,  to  Madelina-Douelas,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Alex.  Garden,  M.D.  Presidency 

Surgeon  at  Calcutta. At  Caniberwell,  E.  J. 

Gingell,  esq.  of  Malta,  to  Jane-Knill,  only  dau. 

of  Samuel  Jones,  esq.  of  East  Dulwich. At 

Claphara.  Francis  Ker  Foa\  M.D.  of  Brisling- 
ton  house,  near  Bristol,  to  Mary,  second  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  Charles  Bradley,  Vicar  of  Glas- 

bury,  Breconshire. At  All  Souls*  Church, 

Langham  pi.  George  William  Henry  Coward, 
esq.  of  Hoxton,  to  Catherine-Charlotte,  only 
surviving  child  of  the  late  James  Cuthbertson, 

esq. At  Cambridge,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Shad- 

forth,  M.A.  Fellow  of  University  college,  Oxf. 
son  of  George  Shadforth,  esq.  of  Gilsland, 
Cumberland,  to  Ellen,  younger  dan.  of  the  late 

T.  C.  Francis,  esq.  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne. 

At  Seend,  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Gale,  Vicar  of  Mil- 
ton Lilborne,  to  Augusta,  second  dau.  of  Wm. 
Heald  Ludlow  Bruges,  esq.  of  Seend. 

Lately.  At  Kempsey,  Wore.  William  Henry 
Waicot,  Lieut.  47tb  Regt.  B.N.L  third  son  of 
the  Rev.  C.  Waicot,  Bitterley  court,  Ludlow, 
to  Jemima- Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Robert  Burton, 
esq.  of  Longner  hall.  . 

Aug.  2.  At  Woolwich,  William  Petrie,  esq. 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Commissary-General 
Petrie,  to  Anne,  only  child  of  the  late  Capt. 

Matthew  Flinders,  R.N. At  Hove,  Sussex, 

Constable  Curtis,  esq.  Capt.  1 2th  Lancers, 
only  son  of  the  late  Capt.  T.  Curtis,  R.N.  to 
Henrietta-Mary-Ann,  eldest  dau.  of  Charles 
B.  Curtis,  esq.  of  Friars  place,  near  Acton, 
Middlesex. 

5.  At  Stockton-on-Tees,  the  Rev.  H.  W. 
Beehcith,  of  University  college,  Oxford,  and 
Incumbent  of  Thornaby,  in  Cleveland,  to 
Alice,  only  dau.  of  the  late  John  Humphrey, 

esq.  of  Weusley. At  Milton,  Berks,  Henry 

Woodyer,  esq.  of  Guildford,  to  Frances-Mar- 
tha, third  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Bowles, 

esq.  of  Milton  hill. At  Bishopstone,  Wilts, 

Thomas  Gambler  Parry,  esq.  of  Highnam 
court,  CO- of  Gloucester,  to  Ethelinda,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Very  Rev.  Francis  Lear,  Dean 

of  Salisbury. At  Upwood,  Capt.  Spencer 

Butler,  Bengal  Army,  to  Laura,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Richard  Hussey 
Hussey,   K.C.B.  G.C.M.G.  of  Wood  Walton, 

Iluiits. At    Peldon,    Essex,    Rev.  Edward 

Hood  Linzee,  Curate  of  Penn,  Bucks,  to  Caro- 
line,   second    dau.    \3{  Rev.  John  Atkinson, 

Curate  of  Peldon. At  St.  James's,  the  Hon. 

Edward  Coke,  to  the  Hon.  Diana  Agar  Ellis. 

At  Tottenham,  Henry  Edward,  third  son 

of  the  late  William  Vale,  of  Hall  court,  Wore, 
esq.  R.N.  to  Elizabeth- Anne,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Burton,  esq.  of  Renville,  near  Can- 
terbury, and  grunddau  of  Sir  Richard  Burton, 
of  Sackett's  hill  house,  St.  Peter's,  Thanet. 

At  Camberwell,  James  Robert  Burchett, 

jun.  esq.  of  Doctors'  commons,  to  Elizabeth- 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Barwise,  esq.  of 

Camberwell. At  Camberwell,  Julien  Byrne, 

esq.  of  Peckham,  to  Fanny-Maria,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.  Thomas  Irvine,  R.X. 

At   Hallow,  Wore,  the    Rev.  Wm.  Lea, 

Vicar  of  St.  Peter's,  Droit wich,  to  Hannah, 
dau.  of  the  late  George  Farley,  esq  of  Hen- 
wick  house.  Worcester. At  Brilley,  Heref. 

Capt.  F.  P.  Sanders,  late  43d  Light  Inf.  to 
Apollonia,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Griffith, 

esq.  Ham  common. At  Edinburgh,  Edward 

Ruthven  Matthews,  son  of  the  late  George 
Matthews,  jun.  esq.  of  Spring  vale,  co.  Down, 
to  Frances- Eliza,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Archibald  Jerdon,  esq.  of  Bonjedward,  Rox- 
burghshire. 

6.  At  Leominster,  Heref.  Henry  Heslop, 
esq.  youngest  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Heslop, 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


esq.  solicitor,  of  Manchester,  to  Sarah-Anne, 
eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Rudge,  eso.  surgeon,  of 
Leominster,  and  granddau.  of  the  late  Arch- 
deacon Rudge,  of  Gloucester,  &c. At  Har- 
wich, William  A.  Armstrong,  1 7th  Regiment, 
to  Emma-Sarah,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  George 

Deane,  esq. At  Dublin,  James- Acheson, 

only  son  of  Acheson  Lyle,  esq.  Master  in 
Chancery,  to  Ida-Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  Francis  Ruttlidge,  of  Bloomfield,  co. 
Mayo.  — At  ^t.  Peter's  Eaton  sq.  Thomas 
Jones  Howell,  esq.  of  Eaton  pi.  West,  to  Ellen, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Ffooks,  esq. 

of  Sherborne. At  Edinburgh,  Henry  Edwyn 

Chandos  Scudamore  Stanhope,  esq.  eldest  son 
of  Sir  Edwyn  F.  S.  Stanhope,  Bart,  to  Doro- 
thea, eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Adam  Hay,  Bart.-^ 
At  Brussels,  Lieut.  Alex.  Robertson  Bremner, 
41st  Madras  N.  Inf.  to  Helen-Isabella,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Allan  Stewart,  H.M.  3d 
Buffs. At  Compstall,  the  Rev.  John  Bate- 
man  Wathen,  M.A.  to  Emma-Maria-Louisa, 
third  dau.  of  George  Andrew,  esq.  of  Green 

hill,   Cheshire. At  Jersey,  William   John 

Forrest  Baker,  esq.  son  of  the  Rev.  John 
Baker,  LL.B.  to  Harriet-Willett,  second  dan. 

of  Capt.  Sison,  R.N. At  Lilford,  Donegal, 

John  Robert  Boyd,  esq.  of  Ballymacool,  to 
Mary-Louisa,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  William 
Knox,  of  Clonleigh. 

7.  At  Little  Billing,  Npn.  Rob.  Hare,  esq. 
of  Upper  Gower  st.  to  Hannah,  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  J.  Geldart,  D.D. At  Plymouth,  Mor- 
timer John  Collier,  esq.  third  son  of  the  late 
John  Collier,  esq.  to  Mary-Elizabeth,  youngest 

dau.  of  Sir  Wm.  Snow  Harris,  Kut.  F.R.S. 

At  Beaminster,  the  Rev.  William  Laxton, 
M.A.  Incumbent  of  Alworth  with  South 
Wraxall,  Wilts,  to  Ella,  eldest  dan.  of  James 
Wm.  Daniel,esq.  of  Beaminster.  — At  Powick, 
Francis  J.  M.  Mason,  esq.  of  the  Madras  N.I. 
second  son  of  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Francis  Mason, 
K.C.B.  to  Jane,  only  dan.  of  William  Morton, 

esq.  formerly  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service. 

At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Hon.  William 
Ernest  Duncombe,  eldest  son  of  Lord  Fever- 
sham,  to  Miss  Mabel  Graham,  second  dau.  of 
the   Right   Hon.  Sir  James  Grahazn,    Bart. 

M.P. At    Bedwortb,   the  Rev.   Bertram 

Brooke  Hulbert,  son  of  Henry  Hulbert,  esq. 
of  Park  lane,  to  Agnes,  youngest  dau.  of  the 

Rev.  Henry  Bellairs,  Rector  of  Bedworth. 

At  Whilton,  Northamptonshire,  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Smith,  of  ;Dry  Drayton,  Camb.  to  Constance- 
Margaret,  youngest  dan.  of  William  Rose 
Rose,  esq.  of  Wolston  heath,  Warw.  and  Eaton 

place. At  Babbingtun,  the  Rev.  C.  S.  Peel, 

Rector  of  Syresham,  co.  Npn.  to  Helen,  dan. 

of  W.  Moseley,  esq.  of  Leaton  hall.  Staffs. 

At  Paddington,  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Whitina,  M.A. 
Chaplain  E.I.C  to  Mary,  dau.  of  H.  Harrey, 

esq.   Regency  sq.  Brighton. At  Troston. 

Sonolk,  FredericK  Robert  Bevan,  esq.  second 
son  of  Robert  Bevan,  es(|.  of  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's, banker,  to  Eliza,  younger  dau.  of  the 
late  Robert  Emlyn  Lofft,  esq.  of  Troston  baU. 

At   Widcombe,    Bath,  William  Bradisk, 

esq.  of  AUerton  hall.  Lane,  to  Fanny- Frederics, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Fred.  Wm.  Mountagne, 

esq.  of  York  st.  Portman  sq. At  St.  Mary's 

Bryanston  sq.  Thomas  Christopher  Tatham, 
third  son  of  T.  T.  Tatham,  esq.  of  Highgate, 
to  Fanny-Bree-Caley,  eldest  dau.  of  William 
Henry  Saltwell,  esq.  of  Gloucester  pi.  Port- 
man  square. ^At  Alverstoke,  Hants,  Andrew 

Clark,  M.D.  to  Leton-Mary- Percy,  only  child 
of  the  late  Capt.  John  Forster,  R.N.  of  Aln- 
wick.  At  Eversholt,  Bedfordsh.  John  James 

Matthey,  eldest  son  of  A.  Matthey,  esq.  of 
Messina,  to  Frances,  dau.  of  the  late  William 

Turquand,  esq.  of   Norwood,   Surrey. At 

Aston,  Warwickshire,  William  Hay,  esq.  of 
Ford  hall,  near  Sunderland,  to  Julia-lthiel| 

31 


426 


Marriages. 


[Sept 


second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  JosiahAllport,  Incum- 
bent of  St.  James's,  Ashted.  Birmingham. 

At  Cushinduu,  Antrim,  Alexander  M*Neile, 
Lieut.  37th  Madras  Grenadiers,  to  Rosianne, 
third  dau.  of  E.  A.  M'Neill,esQ.of  Cushindun. 

At   St.  George's  Bloomsbury,   the  Rev. 

Arthur  Wellington  Roper,  of  Welney,  Isle  of 
Ely,  son  of  the  late  Rev.  II.  Roper,  Minor 
Canon  of  St.  George's  Chapel,  Windsor,  to 
Frances-Sarah,  dau.  of  the  late  David  Landell 
Chambers,  esq.  of  Guildford  st.  Russell  sq. 
and  greatniece  of  the  late  Sir  Robert  Cliam- 
bers,  Chief  Justice,  Bengal. 

9.  At  Thurston,  Suffolk,  Henry-Charles, 
fourth  son  of  the  late  llowman  Young,  esq. 
M.D.  of  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  to  Jane,  second 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  Bassett,  of  Nether 

hall,  Thurston. At  Hammersmith,  James 

Edward  Dickinson,  esu.  H.E.l.C.S.  to  Hen- 
rietta-Louisa, fourth  (lau,  of  the  late  Rev. 
J.  W.  Hughes,  M.A.  of  Trinity,  and  Rector  of 

St.  Clement's,  Oxford. At  St.  Stephen-the- 

Martyr,  St.  Marylebone.  Frederick,  second  son 
of  Francis  Firth,  esq.  of  Manor  house,  Barnes, 
to  Julia-Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Fran- 
cis Lovcll,  esq.  fonnerly  of  Sloane  street. 

10.  At  St.  Marylebone,  Lieut.  G.  P.  Memh, 
of  II.  M.  ship  Trafalgar,  son  of  Rear-Admiral 
W.  B.  Mends,  to  Louise,  second  dau.  of  J. 

Wilcocks,  esq.  of  Exeter. At  Clifton,  near 

Bristol,  the  Rev.  John  Richardson,  A.M.  of 
Ripley^  youngest  sonof  Thos.  Richardson,  esq. 
of  Whitby,  to  Ellen,  youngest  dau.  of  Wm.  J. 
Norris. 

11.  At  Edinburgh,  the  Rev.  Norman  Mac- 
leod,  of  GlasgoYT,  to  Catherine-Anne,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  William  Mackintosh,  esq.  of 
Geddes.  Nairn. 

12.  At  Twickenham,  the  Rev.  Albert  Wm. 
Loinsworth,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Dr. 
Loinsworth,  Physician  to  the  Forces,  to  Char- 
lotte-Maria, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Richard 

Cattermole,  Vicar   of   Little    Marlow. At 

Barnstaple,  Samuel  Blomefield  Kckeuich,  of 
the  Royal  Newfoundland  Companies,  and 
fourth  son  of  George  Kekewich,  esq.  of  South- 
ford,  Devon,  to  Olivia-Elizabeth,  third  dau.  uf 

James  Elton,  esq.  of  North  Stoke,  Oxon. 

At  Marchwood,  the  Rev.  Edward  Ansley  Peck, 
Rector  of  Houghton,  Hunts,  to  Catherine- 
Greenwood,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Francis  God- 
frey Martelli,  esq.  of  Spring  lo<lgo,  Tralee, 
Kerry,  and  niece  of  H.  F.  K.  HolToway,  esq. 
of  Marchwood. At  Clifton,  Capt.  T.  Wil- 
liams Evans,  late  of  the  i»7th  Regt.  son  of 
Eyre  Evans,  esq.  of  Ash  Hill  Towers,  co. 
Limerick,  to  Helen-Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  David   Stewart    Moncrieffe,    Rector   of 

Loxton,   Som. At    Fazeley,   Staffordshire, 

Jo»hua  Williams,  esq.  barrister-at-law,  to 
JMartha,  second   dau.    of  the  Rev.  Cyprian 

Thompson,  Incumbent  of  Fazeley. At  Win- 

terslow,  Wilts,  Charles  Rivers  Freelintj,  esq. 
of  Queen  Anne  st.  barrister-at-law,  son  of  the 
late  Sir  Francis  Freeling,  Bart,  to  Emma- 
Amelia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Luard, 

M.A.  Rector  of  Winterslow. At  Hendon, 

Alexander  Edgell,  of  Raymond  buildings, 
Gray's  inn,  sou  of  Harry  Edgell,  esq.  of  Cada- 
gon  pi.  to  Rose,  dau.  of  Edward  Firmin  Ellis, 

esq.  of  the  Grove,  Hendon. • At  St.  John's 

Holloway,  Peniston  Grosvenor  Greville,  esq. 
of  Lombard  st.  solicitor,  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Joshua  Greville,  Vicar  of  Duston,  to  Louisa, 
dau.  of  the  late  Arthur  Greville,  esq.  and 

granddau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Greville, 
ector  of  Wyaston. At  Tottenham,  Charles 

Brotrne.  cs»i.  M.A.  late  Scholar  of  Worcester 
college,  Oxford,  and  of  Lincoln's  inn,  bar- 
rister-at-law, to  Mary,  fourth  dau.  of  James 

Nicholson,   esq.   of  Kingsland. At    West 

Peckham,  Kent,  Charles  Watson  Townlev,  esq. 
eldest  son  of  R.  Greaves  Townley,  esqT  M.P. 


of  Fulbourne.  C&mbridmhire,  to  Georffiana, 
fourth  dau.  of  M.  D.  D.  DAlisoii.esq.  of  Himp- 


J 


ll.N. At  Langley,  Bucks,  Cteorse  Booik,  ttq. 


of  Southend  Manor  house,  Langley.  jotinmt 
son  of  the  late  George  Booth,  esq.  of  Monuig. 
ton  road,  Regent's  park,  to  Margaret-Emily, 
eldest  dau.  oAVilliam  S.  Browning,  esq. 

IS.  At  Evertoo,  Liverpool,  Bwlnr  WkitHe, 
esq.  M.D.  to  Margaret-Elixa,  dao.  or  the  lale 
Andrew  Bone,  esq.  of  South  Shields,  aod  niece 

of  W.  A.  Brown,  esq.  of  Everton. At  Stood- 

leigh,  Devon,  the  Rev.  Robert  Baker  Camp, 
Rector  of  Bicklcigh,  to   Aoguata-Blixabeth. 

Eoungest  dau.  of  T.  Daniel, inn.  e8q.^^At  St. 
ames's  Westminster,  the  Rev.  Jonn  Harries 
Thomas,  Priest  Jn  Ordinary  to  Her  Ifalesty, 
and  Minister  of  Archbishop; Tenison*S  Coapa, 
to  Ellen-Susan,  third  dau.  of  the  late  T.  B. 
(^Idfield,  esq.  of  Champion  hiU.— At  St. 
James's  Westminster^  the  Hon.  Wm.  Baaoff 
M.P.  to  the  Hon.  Lucia  Agar  Ellis,  eldest  dau. 

of  Lady  Dover. At  Heuton.  the  Rev.  Fred. 

Morrice  Adams,  of  Uffcalme,  Devon,  to  Mary- 
Trevenen,  second  dau.  of  Olynn  Girlls,  esq. 

At  Calstock,  Cornwall,  the  Rev.  Regittaia 

Hohhouse,  third  son  of  the  Right  Hon.  H. 
Hobhouse,  to  Caroline,  third  surviring  dan. 

of  Sir  W.  S.  Trelawny,  Bart. AtGtoncestcr. 

the  Rev.  Alfred  Barry,  M.A.  Sub- Warden  of 
Trinity  college,  Glenaimond,  to  Louisa-Vic* 
toria,  seconu  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  T.  B. 
Hughes,  Canon  of  Peterborough. 

14.  At  St.  George*8  Hanover  sq.  William 
Hamilton  Yaiman,  esq.  of  Hyde  park  St.  to 
Elizabeth-Tower,  second  surviving  dan.  of  the 
Rev.  G.  T.  Prct>man,  Chancellor  of  Lincoln, 
&c.  granddau.  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester.  At  St.  James's  Westboume  teir. 

Lieut.  George  Augustus  BriM,  R.N.  second 
sou  uf  James  Brine,  esq.  of  Bath,  to  Ninette, 
dau.  of  Charles  Purton  Cooper,  Mq.  Q.C-^ 
At  St.  James's  Notting  hill,  James,  yonngeit 
son  of  the  late  Alex.  fUngleton,  esq.  of  FOnlnm- 
leFvlde,  Lane,  to  Augusta-Ann,  youngest  dan. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Franchi  Roper,  Minor  Canon 

of  Windsor. At  Ilfracombe,  Capt.  Robert 

Cnrru,  R.M.son  of  Adm.  Curry.  CB.  to  Annie. 
fourtli  dau.  of  the  late  Edward  Wren,  esq.  or 

Ilfracombe. At  Colne  Engaine,  Essex,  the 

Rev.  Henry  Hammond,  third  son  of  the  Uita 
Charles  Hammond,  esq.  banker.  Newmarketf 
to  Elizabeth-Ann,  only  dau.  of  J.  J.  Mavhew, 

esq.  of  Over  hall,  Colne  Engaine. At  St. 

Pancras,  Charles  Gibbons  X/anif^/l,  of  Dublin, 
solicitor,  youngest  son  of  Thomas  Stanuell, 
esq.  of  Tickhill,  to  Margaret,  youngest  dan.  of 
the  late  Cai)t.  Samuel  Athill,  Bombay  Engi- 
neers.  At   Meijrle,   I'erthsnire,    the   ReV. 

William  Tliomas  G reive,  of  Banchory  Teman, 
son  of  J.  II.  Grcive,  esq.  of  Addlestone,  Snr^ 
rey,  to  Anne  Hackney  Kerr,  dau.  of  Christo- 
pher Kerr,  es(|.  Town  Clerk  of  Dundee. At 

Wilmslow.  Cheshire,  the  Rev.  Thomas  White 
Bouce,  B.A.  Incumbent  of  Birchgrove,  Sussex, 


to  H en rietta-Wansbrough,  second  dao.  of  tha 
late  Rev.  C.  W.  Henning,  M.A.  Curate  of  Sto- 

gumber,  Som. AtTenrington  St.  Clement's, 

Norfolk,  the  Rev.  Alfred  Charles  SmtiJL  M.A. 
onl  V  son  of  the  Rev.  AlAred  Smith,  of  Old  Parte, 
Wilts,  to  Frances-Anne,  second  dao.  of  the 
Rev.  T.  T.  Upwood,  M.A.  of  LoTeIl*k  hall. 
Vicar  of  Terrington. 

16.  At  Chelsea,  Augustus  Hervey  BrotkertoHf 
esq.  of  Rome,  to  Mary-Isabella^Irwin,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  John  Mitford  Rees,  esq.  of  the 
Bengal  Civil  Service. At  St.  James's  West- 
minster, Cliarles  Keeling,  third  son  of  the  late 
Rev.  J.  Ikkolefield,  Rector  of  Barton-oo-the- 
heath,  Warw.  to  Sarah-Maria,  yonnmt  dan. 
of  the  Rev.  George  Evans,  of  CheltenDam. 


427 


OBITUARY. 


Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg  Kohary. 

Aug.  27.  At  Vienna,  aged  65,  Ferdi- 
nand George  Augustus,  Duke  of  Saxe- 
Coburg  Kohary,  elder  brother  of  the  King 
of  the  Belgians  and  H.  R.  H.  the  Duchess 
of  Kent,  and  uncle  to  her  Majesty  Queen 
Victoria  and  H.  R.  H.  Prince  Albert. 

His  Highness  was  born  March  28, 1785, 
and  was  the  second  son  of  Francis- Frede- 
rick, reigning  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg  Saal- 
feld,  by  Augusta- Caroline -Sophia,  eldest 
daughter  of  Henry  24th  reigning  Count 
Reuss  von  Ebersdorf. 

On  the  2nd  Jan.  1816,  (just  four 
months  before  the  marriage  of  his  brother 
Prince  Leopold  to  the  Princess  Charlotte 
of  Wales,)  he  married  the  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  the  Hungarian  Prince  of 
Kohary,  and  on  that  occasion  conformed 
to  the  faith  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  By 
this  princess,  who  survives  him,  he  had 
issue  three  sons  and  one  daughter.  The 
eldest  son  is  King  Consort  of  Portugal, 
having  married  Queen  Maria  da  Gloria  in 
1836,  by  whom  he  has  now  six  sons  and 
two  daughters.  Prince  Augustus,  his 
second  son,  married,  in  1843,  the  Princess 
Clementina  of  Orleans,  third  daughter  of 
Louis- Philippe  King  of  the  French,  and 
has  issue  two  sons  and  two  daughters. 
The  Princess  Victoria  was  married  in 
1840  to  the  Due  de  Nemours,  second  son 
of  King  Louis-Philippe,  and  has  issue 
Louis  Count  d'Eu  and  Ferdinand  Due 
d' Alenyon,  and  one  daughter.  The  Prince 
Leopold,  the  youngest  son  of  the  deceased, 
is  unmarried. 

The  Prince  was  a  General  of  cavalry  in 
the  Austrian  service,  and  Colonel  of  the 
8th  regiment  of  Hussars. 


The  Earl  of  Clare. 

Aug.  18.  At  Brighton,  aged  59,  the 
Right  Hon.  John  FitzGibbon,  second  Earl 
of  Clare  (1795),  Viscount  FitzGibbon  of 
Limerick  (1793),  and  Baron  FitzGibbon 
of  Lower  Connello,  co.  Limerick  (1789), 
in  the  peerage  of  Ireland;  Baron  Fitz- 
Gibbon of  Sidbury,  co.  Devon  (1799)  ; 
K.P. ;  G.C.H.  ;  a  Privy  Councillor  of 
Great  Britain ;  and  M.A. 

His  Lordship  was  born  on  the  10th 
June,  1792,  the  elder  son  of  John  the 
first  Earl,  Lord  High  Chancellor  of  Ire- 
land, by  Anne,  second  daughter  of 
Richard  Chapel  Whaley,  esq.  of  Whaley 
Abbey.  When  in  his  tenth  year  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  various  dignities  of  the 
peerage  in  both  kingdoms  conferred  on 
his  father,  on  the  death  of  that  nobleman, 
Jan.  28,  1802. 

He  was  a  member  of  Christ  church, 


Oxford,  where  he  graduated  B.A.  in  the 
second  class  of  classics  in  1812,  M.A. 
1819.  He  was  appointed  Governor  of 
Bombay  in  1830,  and  sworn  a  Privy 
Councillor.  He  remained  at  Bombay  until 
1 834.  He  was  nominated  a  Grand  Cross 
of  the  Hanoverian  Guelphic  order  in  1835, 
and  a  Knight  of  St.  Patrick  in  1845. 

The  Earl  of  Clare  was  formerly  Lord 
Lieutenant  and  Custos  Rotulorum  of  the 
county  and  city  of  Limerick ;  but  had  re- 
signed that  office  to  his  brother.  He  mar- 
ried, April  14,  1826,  the  Hon.  Elizabeth 
Julia  Georgiana  Burrell,  third  daughter  of 
Peter  first  Lord  Gwydir,  and  of  Priscilla 
Baroness  Willoughby  d'Eresby;  but  by 
that  lady,  who  survives  him,  (and  who  con- 
formed to  the  church  of  Rome  in  1842,) 
he  had  no  issue. 

He  is  succeeded  by  his  only  brother  the 
Hon.  Richard  Hobart  FitzGibbon,  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  the  county  of  Limerick,  and 
Colonel  of  the  Limerick  Militia,  and 
formerly  M.P.  for  that  county.  He  was 
born  in  1793,  and  married  in  1825  Diana, 
eldest  daughter  of  Charles  Brydges  Wood- 
cock, esq.  and  has  issue  John  Charles 
Henry,  now  Viscount  FitzGibbon,  late  a 
Comet  in  the  8th  Hussars,  and  three 
daughters. 


Rear-Adm.  Lord  John  Hay. 

Aug.  27.  At  Stoke,  near  Plymouth, 
aged  58,  Lord  John  Hay,  C.B.,  K.C.U., 
and  K.C.  Illd.,  Rear-Admiral  of  the 
Blue,  Captain-Superintendent  of  Devon? 
port  Dockyard,  and  a  Deputy  Lieuteoant 
of  the  county  of  Haddington. 

He  was  born  on  the  1st  of  April,  1793, 
the  third  son  of  George  seventh  Marquess 
of  Tweeddale,  by  Lady  Hannah  Charlotte 
Maitland,fourth  daughter  of  James  seventh 
Earl  of  Lauderdale.  He  entered  the  navy 
Dec.  4,  1804,  as  first-class  volunteer  on 
board  the  Monarch  74,  Captain  Charles 
Searle,  bearing  the  flag  in  the  Downs  of 
Lord  Keith,  whom  he  followed  in  Aug. 
1805  into  the  Edgar  74.  He  was  after- 
wards,  still  on  the  Home  station,  in  the 
Egyptian  frigate,  Revenge  74,  Phoebe  36, 
and  Puissant  74  ;  and  in  Dec.  1806,  joined 
the  Seahorse  42,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
where  he  continued  until  June,  1811,  and 
saw  much  active  service.  At  the  cutting  out 
of  some  vessels  in  Hy^res  Bay  he  lost  his 
left  arm.*  On  the  night  of  the  5th  of  July 

*  In  1833  Lord  John  Hay  received  a 
large  silver  medal  from  the  Society  for  the 
Encouragement  of  Arts  for  his  invention 
of  a  telescope-holder  for  the  use  of  a  per- 
son with  only  one  hand. 


428 


Obituary. — Hon*  Keppel  Craven, 


[Oct 


1808,  he  contributed  to  the  capture,  after 
a  furious  engagement,  of  the  Turkish  man- 
of-war  Badere  Zaffer,  mounting  52  guns, 
with  a  complement  of  543  men,  of  whom 
1 70  were  slain  and  200  wounded  ;  and  the 
Alis  Fegan  26  was  at  the  same  time  put 
to  flight.  Lord  John^s  commission  as 
Lieutenant  was  dated  May  1 ,  1812.  He  was 
appointed  to  the  Pique  36,  June  1st  fol- 
lowing ;  and  to  the  Venerable  74,  May  31, 
1814.  He  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of 
Commander  on  the  15th  of  June  in  the 
same  year  ;  and  on  the  15th  Nov.  joined 
the  Bustard  10,  off  Lisbon.  In  1815  his 
Lordship  obtained  the  command  of  the 
Opossum  10,  in  which  sloop  he  served  on 
the  Channel  and  North  American  stations 
until  paid  off  on  the  5th  Aug.  1818. 
He  attained  post  rank  on  the  7th  Dec. 
following  ;  and  was  subsequently  ap- 
pointed,  Dec.  24,  1832,  to  the  Castor  36; 
Nov.  19,  1836,  to  the  Phoenix  steamer; 
and  March  8,  1837,  to  the  Nortii  Star 
38,  which  he  commanded  till  1840.  He 
had  charge  of  a  battalion  of  Marines 
during  this  period,  and  acted  as  Commo- 
dore of  a  small  squadron  on  the  north 
coast  of  Spain,  where  the  importance  of 
his  services  as  connected  with  the  civil 
war,  especially  at  the  siege  of  Bilboa^  pro- 
cured him  in  1837  the  Grand  Cross  of  the 
order  of  Charles  III.,  and  the  Companion- 
ship of  the  Bath.  From  the  17th  Aug. 
1841,  until  Oct.  1845,  Lord  John  Hay 
commanded  the  Warspite  50,  on  the  coast 
of  North  America,  whither  he  conveyed 
Lord  Ashburton,  and  in  the  West  Indies. 
In  1846  he  was  appointed  Acting  Super- 
intendent of  Woolwich  Dockyard,  chair- 
man of  the  Board  of  Naval  Construction, 
and  a  Lord  of  the  Admiralty  ;  which  latter 
office  he  retained  until  his  appointment, 
on  the  9th  Feb.  1850,  to  be  Captain-Su- 
perintendent of  Devonport  Dockyard.  He 
was  also  one  of  the  Naval  Aid-de- Camps 
to  the  Queen.  His  flag  on  his  promotion 
as  Rear-Admiral  of  the  Blue  had  been 
hoisted  on  the  St.  George  120,  only  two 
days  before  his  death. 

His  Lordship  sat  in  Parliament  for  the 
county  of  Haddington  in  the  parliaments 
of  1826  and  1830.  At  the  last  general 
election  in  1847  he  was  elected  for  the 
borough  of  Windsor,  for  which  he  sat 
until  his  appointment  to  Devonport. 

Lord  John  Hay  married  Sept.  2,  1846, 
Mary-Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Daniel  Cameron,  esq.  of  Lochiel,  niece  to 
the  late  Lord  Abercromby  and  to  Lord 
Dunfermline.  She  died  without  issue  on 
the  30th  Nov.  last. 

His  Lordship  devoted  a  great  deal  of 
time  and  attention  to  mechanical  pursuits. 
Whilst  on  the  coast  of  Spain  he  was  re- 
ported to   have    constructed  a  working 


model  of  a  steam-engine,  and  to  have 
built  a  steamer  with  his  own  hands ;  he 
was  also  famous  for  his  improvements  in 
ships'  boats.  He  was  a  man  of  strict 
habits,  and  stem  inflexible  justice.  Daring 
his  short  superintendence  of  Devonport 
dockyard  he  did  all  he  could  to  eradi- 
cate the  pernicious  influence  of  political 
favouritism,  and  to  render  the  establish- 
ment as  efficient  as  it  ought  to  be.  He 
was  thoroughly  acquainted  with  every 
branch  of  the  dockyard,  and  moit  active 
and  zealous  in  the  discharge  of  his  highly 
responsible  duties. 

Having  died  in  active  service  hit  funeral 
was  a  public  one.  His  body  was  removed 
from  Plymouth,  with  due  solemnity,  on 
the  1st  of  September.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Briggs,  chaplain  to  the  yard,  and  other 
naval  chaplains,  with  the  medical  attend- 
ants, preceded  the  body,  which  was  carried 
by  16  petty  officers.  The  pall,  on  which 
was  placed  the  sword,  hat,  and  orders  of 
the  deceased,  was  borne  by  Commanden 
Stewart,  Kennedy,  the  Hon.  G.  D.  Keane, 
and  M'Cormick,  Colonel  Gordon,  Royal 
Marines,  and  Captains  Nias,  C.B.,  Lowe, 
and  Lord  George  Paulet.  Commander 
Lord  John  Hay,  a  nephew,  and  Captain 
Sir  Thomas  Maitland,  a  relative  of  the 
deceased,  were  chief  mourners,  after  whom 
came  the  Master- Attendant  and  other 
officers  of  the  yard,  the  mayor  and  magis- 
trates of  Devonport,  and  an  impoting 
corti^ge  of  naval  and  military  officen, 
closing  with  the  two  commanders-in- 
chief,  Admiral  Sir  John  Ommanney  and 
Major-Gen.  the  Hon.  Henry  Murray,  and 
their  staffs.  On  reaching  the  waterside, 
the  body  was  raised  by  a  crane,  and  silently 
placed  on  board  H.M.  steamer  Sprightly, 
to  be  conveyed  to  the  family  vault  at 
Yeaster,  co.  Haddington,  for  interment. 

Hon.  Keppil  Cravin. 

JuM  24.  At  Naples, aged  72,  the  Hon. 
Richard  Keppel  Craven,  uncle  to  the  Earl 
of  Craven. 

He  was  born  on  the  lit  June,  1779,  the 
third  and  youngest  son  of  William  sixth 
Lord  Craven,  by  Lady  Elizabeth  Berkeley, 
afterwards  Margravine  of  Brandenbnrg, 
Anspach  and  Bareith.  He  was  named 
after  his  godfather  Admiral  Keppel  (after- 
wards created  Viscount  Keppel,  but  who 
died  unmarried  in  1786) ;  and  Anne  Coun- 
tess of  Albemarle  (the  Admiral's  mother) 
was  his  godmother.  The  Coontesa  of  Al- 
bemarle and  Louisa  Counteas  of  Berkeley, 
the  grandmother  of  Lady  Craven,  were 
both  daughters  of  Charles  first  Dnke  of 
Richmond,  K.G.  one  of  the  sons  of  King 
Charles  the  Second. 

When  Keppel  Craven  wat  abont  three 
years  old,  hia  father  took  letve  of  Lidy 


1851.]  Obituary. — Rev.  Sir  Henry  River Sy  Bart. 


429 


Craven,  never  to  see  her  more;  and  when 
she  shortly  afterwards  went  to  France,  she 
was  allowed  to  take  Keppel  (being  her 
youngest  child)  with  her,  but  it  was  under 
a  promise  to  return  him  to  his  father  when 
he  was  eight  years  of  age.  This  condition 
was  not  fulfilled;  but  she  afterwards 
placed  him  at  Harrow  under  a  feigned 
name.* 

*'  While  Keppel  was  at  Harrow,'*  says 
his  mother,  "  a  lady  saw  him  in  the  master's 
private  library,  and  when  she  was  stepping 
into  her  coach,  she  asked  the  master  who 
the  boy  was.  He  answered,  *  A  German.' 
'  It  is  the  image   of  Lady  Craven,'   she 

said Keppel,  who  at  this  time  was 

about  thirteen  years  old,  spoke  English 
perfectly,  without  any  accent,  although  he 
had  been  so  much  abroad.  The  lady's 
remark  struck  the  master  forcibly,  who 
went  back  to  the  child  immediately,  and 
told  him  he  suspected  he  was  Lord  Craven's 
son ;  and  it  was  better  that  bis  uncle, 
Lord  Berkeley,  who  was  left  to  direct 
his  brother,  then  at  Eton,  should  know 
where  he  was :  and,  after  his  first  con- 
fusion was  over,  the  child  consented  to 
it."  In  consequence,  Keppel  passed  the 
next  vacation  with  his  brother  Berkeley, 
in  Dorsetshire. 

Mr.  Keppel  Craven,  however,  was  not 
by  this  incident  permanently  estranged 
from  his  mother ;  who  shortly  after  came 
to  reside  in  this  country  with  the  Mar- 
grave of  Anspach ,  to  whom  she  had  been 
married  in  1791.  After  the  Margrave's 
death,  in  1805,  he  fixed  his  residence  with 
her  at  Naples.  In  1814  he  accepted  the 
post  of  chamberlain  to  the  Princess  of 
Wales,  without  receiving  any  emolument ; 
but  he  was  left  the  following  year,  with 
the  rest  of  her  English  friends,  when  her 
Royal  Highness  quitted  Naples  for  Geneva, 
attended  only  by  Dr.  Holland. 

In  1821  Mr.  Keppel  Craven  published 
in  4to.  "  A  Tour  through  the  Southern 
Provinces  of  the  Kingdom  of  Naples,' '  to 
which  is  subjoined  a  sketch  of  the  circum- 
stances attending  the  late  Revolution  ;  and 
subsequently,  in  1838,  "  Excursions  in 
the  Abruzzi  and  Northern  Provinces  of 
Naples,"  in  two  volumes  8vo.  The  for- 
mer of  these  works  is  embellished  with 
views  from  his  own  sketches :  the  latter 
with  a  smaller  number  from  drawings  by 
W.  Westall,  A.R.A. 

He  had  been  for  many  years  the  inti- 
mate friend  and  inseparable  companion  of 
Sir  William  Gell,  the  eminent  antiquary, 
who  was  like  himself  a  resident  at  Naples. 
He  shared  his  own  prosperity  with  his  less 
fortunate   friend,   cheered    him   when   in 

*  Memoirs  of  the  Margravine  of  Ans- 
pach, 1826,  8vo.  vol  L  pp.  74,  85,  364. 


sickness,  and  attended  him  with  unweary- 
ing kindness,  until,  in  1836,  he  performed 
the  last  duties  of  following  his  remains  to 
the  grave,  and  of  acting  as  his  literary 
executor.  (See  a  memoir  of  Sir  William 
Gell  in  our  Magazine  for  June,  1836.) 

Sir  Joshua  Reynolds  painted  the  Mar- 
gravine with  her  son  Keppel,  and  the 
picture  is  now  at  Petworth.  An  en- 
graving from  it  is  prefixed  to  her  Memoirs. 

The  Earl  of  Craven  has  received  a  con- 
siderable addition  to  his  fortune  by  the 
death  of  his  uncle,  who  never  married. 


Rev.  Sir  Henrt  Rivers,  Bart. 

July  7.  Aged  72,  the  Rev.  Sir  Henry 
Rivers,  the  9th  Bart.  (1621),  Rector  of 
Farley-ChamberlayneandMartyr- Worthy, 
Hants. 

He  was  the  fourth  son  of  the  Rev.  Sir 
Peter  Rivers,  the  sixth  Baronet,  a  Pre- 
bendary of  Winchester,  by  Martha, 
daughter  of  William  Coxe,  M.D.  He  was 
a  member  of  St.  John's  College,  Cam- 
bridge ;  and  graduated  B.A.  1801,  M.A. 
1805.  He  was  collated  to  the  rectory  of 
Martyr- Worthy  in  1799  by  Dr.  North, 
then  Bishop  of  Winchester.  He  was 
formerly  Rector  of  St.  Swithin's,  Win- 
chester, to  which  he  was  promoted  in  1813 
by  the  King,  and  also  of  Walcot  Church, 
Bath,  to  which  he  was  presented  by  Dame 
M.  R.  Gay  in  1816.  He  resigned  the 
latter  in  1817,  when  the  Dowager  Lady 
Rivers  presented  the  Rev.  Mr.  Moysey ; 
and  be  exchanged  St.  Swithin's,  Win- 
chester, for  the  rectory  of  Farley-Cham- 
berlayne  in  1843.  He  succeeded  to  the 
Baronetcy  on  the  death  of  his  brother. 
Sir  James  Rivers,  a  Captain  in  the  3d 
Dragoon  Guards,  who  was  killed  by  the 
accidental  discharge  of  his  gun  on  the 
27th  Sept.  1805. 

He  married.  May  2,  1812,  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  Mr.  Samuel  Eales,  of  Cran- 
bury,  Hants ;  whom  he  has  left  his  widow, 
having  had  issue  five  sons  and  eight  daugh- 
ters. His  eldest  son,  Henry,  is  deceased. 
He  is  succeeded  by  his  second  son,  now 
Sir  James  Francis  Rivers,  late  an  officer  in 
the  army.  Cecil,  the  next  brother,  was 
lately  an  officer  in  the  36th  regt.  Charles 
Robert,  the  third,  is  Ensign  in  the  75th  ; 
the  youngest  is  Henry- Chandos.  His  eldest 
daughter,  Harriet,  was  married  in  1847  to 
Laurence  Pleydell-Bouverie,  esq.  of  the 
78th  Highlanders,  second  son  of  the  Hon. 
and  Rev.  Frederick  Pleydell-Bouverie,  and 
nephew  to  the  Earl  of  Radnor.  Charlotte- 
Augusta,  his  second  daughter,  was  married 
in  1848  to  Arthur  Henry  Freeling,  esq.  R. 
Eng.  grandson  of  Sir  Francis  Freeling, 
Bart. 

Sir  Henry  Rivers  died  suddenly  in  a  fit, 
when  crossing  Easton  Common  alone; 


480        Sir  HeM^  Fletcher^  BarL^Adm.  Sir  B.  Heathcoie.    [Oct. 


having  been  preyionsly  in  apparent  good 
health,  and  having  returned  home  ft'om 
London  only  on  the  prcviona  day. 


Sir  Henry  Fletcher,  Bart. 

Sept.  6.  At  Ashley  Park,  near  Walton- 
on-Thames,  Surrey,  in  his  44th  year,  Sir 
Henry  Fletcher,  the  third  Bart.  (1782)  of 
that  place,  and  of  Clca  HaU>  Cumberland. 

He  was  born  on  the  18th  Sept.  1807, 
the  elder  son  of  Sir  Henry  Fletcher  the 
second  Baronet,  by  Frances-Sophia,  fourth 
daughter  of  Thomas  Vaughan,  esq.  of  Wood- 
stone,  Lincolnshire.  He  succeeded  to  the 
title  on  the  death  of  his  father  Aug.  10, 
1821.  His  grandfather  the  first  Baronet, 
also  Sir  Henry  Fletcher,  who  was  for 
forty  years  M.P.  for  Cumberland,  also 
resided  at  Ashley  Park,  and  his  portrait  is 
inserted  in  the  History  of  Surrey  by  Man- 
ning and  Bray,  vol.  ii.  p.  7G7. 

Sir  Henry  Fletcher  has  fallen  «i  victim 
to  consumption  in  the  prime  of  a  useful 
life.  The  parish  of  Walton-on-Thamcs 
has  lost  a  friend,  a  counsellor,  and  an  ex- 
ample, which  it  will  not  be  easy  to  replace. 
In  politics  he  was  Conservative.  As  a 
magistrate  he  was  judicious  and  firm,  with- 
out being  severe;  as  a  Christian,  pious 
and  consUtent,  friendly,  and  devotedly  at- 
tached to  the  form,  discipline,  and  ritual 
of  the  Church  of  England  ;  in  every  rela- 
tion of  private  life,  kind,  indulgent,  faith- 
ful, and  exemplary :  tliere  is  hardly  a 
charity  of  any  importance  in  the  county 
of  Surrey  to  which  he  did  not  lend  his  aid. 
More  than  one  church  owes  its  existence 
and  continuance  to  his  Christian  munifi- 
cence. The  schools  in  his  own  parish  were 
his  peculiar  care.  To  the  Church  Mis- 
sionary  Society  and  the  Propagation  of 
the  Gospel  Society  his  spacious  hall  was 
annually  open  for  meetings  ;  and  it  was  a 
touching  and  beautiful  sight  to  witness 
him,  surrounded  by  his  wife  and  family, 
presiding  at  those  interesting  occasions. 

He  married,  June  26,  1831,  Emily- 
Maria,  second  daughter  of  George  Browne, 
esq.  sometime  a  member  of  council  at 
Bombay ;  and  by  that  lady,  who  survives 
him,  he  had  issue  a  numerous  family.  His 
eldest  son  Henry,  now  in  his  Ib'th  year, 
has  succeeded  to  tlie  title  and  estates. 
Lady  Fletcher  gave  birth  to  another  son 
only  two  days  after  her  husband's  death. 


Adm.  Sir  Henry  Hkatiicote. 

Aug.  16.  At  Ingouville,  near  Havre, 
aged  74,  Admiral  Sir  Henry  Heathcote, 
Knight. 

He  was  born  on  the  20th  Jan.  1777, 
the  fourth  son  of  Sir  William  Heathcote, 
the  third  Baronet,  of  Hursley  Park,  Hants, 
M.P,  for  that  county,  by  Franc«t,  daugh- 


ter and  coheir  of  John  Thorpei  esq.  of 
Embley,  in  the  same  couDty. 

He  entered  the  navy  in  1790  on  board 
the  Captain  74,  Capt.  Ardi.  DickiOD, 
stationed  in  the  Channel ;  and  was  after- 
wards in  the  Colossus  74,  Proserpine 
frigate,  America  74,  and  Inconstant  36. 
Whilst  attached  to  the  Egmont  74  he 
served  on  shore  at  the  redaction  of  Corsica 
in  1794  ;  and  on  the  14th  March  and  13th 
July,  1795,  he  was  present,  as  midshipman 
of  the  Princess  Royal,  and  master's  mate 
of  the  Cyclops,  in  Adm.  Hotham^s  partial 
actions.  On  the  19th  Sept  1795,  he  waa 
confirmed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Britannia 
100 ;  and  in  June  1797  he  was  nominated 
acting  Commander  of  the  Alliance  store- 
ship.  On  the  7th  Nov.  1797  he  waa  pro- 
moted by  his  admiral  to  the  command  of 
the  Romulus  36,  which  ship  he  paid  off, 
shortly  after  his  official  advancement  to 
post  rank  in  Feb.  following. 

On  the  4  th  April,  1803,  Capt.  Heath- 
cote  was  appointed  to  the  Galatea  23,  em- 
ployed at  first  on  the  coast  of  Ireland, 
and  then  in  conveying  a  fleet  of  150  sail 
to  the  West  Indies,  where  he  remained 
until  April,  1805 ;  and  then  exchanged,  for 
a  passage  to  England,  to  the  Desir^  36, 
in  which  he  escorted  home  a  convoy  of 
101  sail.  On  the  Slst  March,  1807,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Sea  Fencibles  in  the 
Isle  of  Wight.  In  Feb.  1808,  he  leceived 
the  command  of  the  Lion  64,  in  which  he 
made  two  voyages  to  India,  and  conveyed 
to  Persia  their  excellencies  Sir  Gore  Oose- 
ley  and  Mirza  Abdul  Hassan,  the  Persian 
ambassador,  at  whose  joint  request  he  sub- 
sequently received  the  honour  of  knight- 
hood, July  20,  1819.  In  1811  he  contri- 
buted to  the  subjugation  of  Java.  On  the 
28th  April,  1812,  he  waa  appohited  to  the 
Scipion  74,  and  joined  the  fleet  in  the 
Mediterranean,  where,  in  the  antnmn  di 
1813,  he  assumed  the  command  of  the  in- 
shore squadron  off  Teolon;  and  partici- 
pated, on  the  5tli  Nov.  in  Sir  Edw.  Pel- 
lew's  skirmish  with  the  enemy^s  fleet.  On 
the  conclusion  of  the  war  he  was  sent  with 
four  sail  of  the  line  to  Marseilles,  for  the 
purpose  of  thence  conveying  the  Britifh 
prisoners  of  war  to  Port  Mahon.  He  waa 
paid  off  in  Oct.  1814.  He  became  a  Rear- 
Admiral  in  1825,  a  Vice- Admiral  in  1837f 
and  a  full  Admiral  in  1846. 

In  1H23  Sir  Henry  Heathcote  took  onft 
a  patent  for  an  improvement  in  the  stay- 
sails between  the  mast  of  ships  and  other 
square-rigged  vessels,  and  the  better  se- 
curity of  the  masts  ;  and  in  1824  he  pub- 
lished a  treatise  on  the  subject.  The  plan 
was  tried  on  board  two  frigates,  and  re- 
ported by  the  Admiralty  as  worthy  of  ita 
acceptance. 

He  married,  Nov.   10,   1700,  Sarali- 


1851.]       Obituary.— Ftce-4c?w.  Sir  Charles  Malcolm. 


431 


Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Thomas  Guscott, 
esq.  Naval  Storekeeper  at  Sheerness  ;  and 
by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  19th  Oct, 

1845,  he  has  issue  four  sons  and  seven 
daughters:  1.  Frances-Sarah,  married  to 
Major-General  Henry  Somerset,  C.B. 
now  commanding  the  forces  in  Caffraria  ; 
2.  William  -  Lovel ;  3.  Henry,  who  died 
in  1829,  a  Major  in  the  88th  foot;  4. 
Thomas- Hamilton  ;  5.  George-Gage  ;  6. 
Leonora-Macclesfield ;  7.  Susanna- Maria- 
Ouseley  ;  8.  Anne -Forbes  ;  9.  Harriet- 
Forbes  ;  10.  Maria- Frances-Digby,  married 
to  Thomas  Ouchterlony,  esq.  and  died  in 

1846,  aged  ^8  ;  and  11.  Georgiana-Jame- 
sina-Somerset. 


Vice-Adm.  Sir  Charles  Malcolm. 

June  14.  At  Brighton,  aged  69,  Vice- 
Admiral  Sir  Charles  Malcolm,  Knt. 

He  was  the  tenth  and  youngest  son  of 
George  Malcolm,  esq.  of  Bumfoot,  co. 
Dumfries,  by  Margaret,  sister  to  the  late 
Adm.  Sir  Charles  Pasley,  Bart.  Three 
others  of  his  brothers  attained  distin- 
guished eminence:  one  was  the  late  Sir 
James  Malcolm,  K.C.B.  Colonel  of 
Marines ;  another,  Admiral  Sir  Pulteney 
Malcolm,  G.C.B.  and  G.C.M.G. ;  and 
another,  the  greatest  of  all.  General  Sir 
John  Malcolm,  G.C.B.  the  historian  of 
India,  and  ambassador  to  Persia. 

The  name  of  Sir  Charles  Malcolm  was 
borne  on  the  books  of  the  Vengeance  74 
ft-om  Sept.  1791  to  Aug.  1792  ;  and  in 
1793  on  those  of  the  Penelope  32.  In 
1795  he  joined  the  Fox  32,  commanded 
by  his  brother  Pulteney,  then  fitting  for 
the  East.  He  was  master's  mate  of  that 
vessel,  when,  in  1798,  in  company  with 
the  Sybille  38,  she  entered  the  Spanish 
harbour  of  Manilla  under  French  colours, 
and,  notwithstanding  that  three  ships  of 
the  line  and  three  frigates  were  lying 
there,  succeeded  in  capturing  seven  boats 
and  200  men,  with  a  large  quantity  of  am- 
munition and  implements  of  war. 

In  1798  he  accompanied  his  brother 
into  the  Suffolk  74,  bearing  the  flag  of 
Vice-Adm.  Rainier,  in  which  he  was  pro- 
moted to  a  lieutenancy  Jan.  12,  1799.  On 
the  23rd  Oct.  1801,  he  was  nominated 
acting  Commander  of  the  Albatross  ;  and 
commissioned  by  the  Admiralty  May  28, 
1802.  On  arriving  at  home  in  command 
of  the  Eurydice  24,  in  1803,  he  found  he 
had  been  promoted  to  post  rank. 

In  1804  he  was  appointed  to  the  Rai- 
sonnable  64,  and  in  1806  to  the  Narcissus 
32,  in  which,  in  1807,  he  attacked  a  convoy 
of  thirty  sail  in  the  Conquet  roads,  on 
which  occasion  he  was  slightly  wounded  ; 
and  in  1809  assisted  in  the  capture  of  the 
Saintes  island,  in  the  West  Indies. 

In  June,  1809,  he  was  appointed  to  the 


Rhine  38,  in  which  he  actively  co-operated 
with  the  patriots  on  the  north  coast  of 
Spain.  He  subsequently  served  in  the 
West  Indies  and  on  the  coast  of  Brazil ; 
and  on  the  18th  July,  1815,  landed  and 
stormed  a  fort  at  Corigion,  near  Abervack, 
which  was  the  last  exploit  of  the  kind 
achieved  during  the  war.  Whilst  in  com- 
mand of  the  Narcissus  and  Rhine,  Capt. 
Malcolm,  besides  a  host  of  merchantmen, 
took  more  than  twenty  privateers,  carry- 
ing in  all  168  guns  and  1059  men. 

In  July,  1822,  he  was  appointed  to  the 
William  and  Mary  royal  yacht,  lying  at 
Dublin,  in  attendance  on  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant ;  and  in  1826  to  the  Royal  Charlotte 
yacht,  on  the  same  service.  He  was 
knighted  by  the  Marquess  of  Wellesley 
in  1823. 

Sir  Charles  Malcolm  quitted  this  service 
on  the  28th  Nov.  1827,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed Saperintendent  of  the  Bombay 
Marine.  In  that  office  he  continued  for 
ten  years  ;  during  which  he  instituted 
many  extensive  and  important  surveys, 
was  prominently  concerned  in  the  esta- 
blishment of  steam  navigation  in  the  Red 
Sea,  was  eminently  successful  in  elevating 
the  character  of  the  service,  and,  in  fact, 
effected  a  complete  reform  in  its  admini- 
stration, converting  its  previous  system 
into  that  now  recognised  as  the  Lidisji 
Navy — a  name  he  was  the  first  to  inmart* 

His  promotion  to  the  rank  of  Rear- 
Admiral  took  place  in  1837,  and  to  that  of 
Vice- Admiral  in  1847. 

In  his  latter  years  Sir  Charles  Malcolai 
was  not  less  distinguished  by  his  activity 
in  various  useful  professional  institutions 
and  chanties,  than  he  had  been  in  the 
more  violent  scenes  of  his  early  life.  The 
whole  service  laments  the  death  of  a  good 
man — a  true  British  officer  in  every  sense 
of  the  word — one  whose  characteristioi 
were  liberality,  generosity,  philanthropji 
and  gallantry  :  and  whilst  possessing  all 
these  superior  qualities,  which  make  a 
man  estimable  in  every  relation  of  life,  he 
added  to  his  other  endearing  acquisitioofl 
a  warm  appreciation  of  all  that  was  good, 
noble,  and  admirable  in  those  who  had  the 
honour  of  his  acquaintance. 

He  married,  first,  June  4,  1808,  his 
cousin  Magdalene,  daughter  of  Charles 
Pasley,  esq. ;  and,  secondly,  April  11, 
1829,  Elmira-Riddell,  youngest  daughter 
of  Major- Gen.  Shaw.  By  his  first  mar- 
riage he  had  issue  one  daughter ;  and  by 
his  second  three  sons,  two  of  whom  are  in 
the  Royal  Navy. 

The  body  of  Sir  Charles  Malcolm  was 
deposited  in  the  catacombs  at  the  Brighton 
Cemetery.  The  principal  mourners  were 
Colonel  Malcolm,  Captain  Malcolm,  J.  6* 
Malcolm,  esq.  N.  Malcolm,  esq.  Migor- 


432     Lu-Gen,  Sir  •/.  Gardiner. "^Major^ Gen.  Sir  H.  Watson.    [Oct. 


Gen.  Sir  Charles  William  Pasley,  K.C.B. 
Captain  W.  A.  B.  Hamilton,  R.N.  Admiral 
Thomas  Brown,  R.N.  and  several  other 
naval  and  military  officers. 


Lieut.-Gen.  Sir  J.  Gardiner,  K.C.B. 
June  6,  InEaton-place,  aged73,  Lieut.- 
General  Sir  John  Gardiner,  K.C.B.  Colonel 
of  the  6th  Foot. 

He  was  a  son  of  Capt.  John  Gardiner, 
Adjutant  of  the  3rd  Buffs,  by  the  daughter 
of  J.  Allison,  esq.  of  Durham ;  and  was 
elder  brother  of  Major-General  Sir  Robert 
William  Gardiner,  K.C.B.  and  K.C.H. 
Colonel  in  the  Royal  Artillery. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  his 
father's  regiment,  Nov.  23,  1791.  He 
served  in  Lord  Moira*s  expedition  in 
Flanders  and  Holland  in  1794  and  1795  ; 
and  at  that  early  period  attracted  the 
favourable  notice  of  H.R.H.  the  Duke  of 
York,  which  led  to  his  subsequent  em- 
ployment in  various  staff  appointments. 
He  served  in  the  West  Indies  from  1795 
to  1802,  and  whilst  there  obtained  his 
company  on  the  17th  May,  1796.  On  the 
18th  Dec.  1806,  he  was  promoted  to  a 
majority.  In  1809  he  embarked  with  the 
expedition  to  Walcheren,  and  served  on 
the  staff  of  the  Earl  of  Chatham's  army. 
For  his  services  in  this  expedition  he  ob- 
tained brevet  rank  as  Lieut. -Colonel.  On 
bis  return  he  joined  the  Gth  Regiment ; 
and  subsequently  commanded  the  third 
battalion  in  Jersey  and  Guernsey. 

In  1813  he  joined  the  first  battalion  of 
the  6th,  in  Lord  Wellington's  army.  His 
brevet  rank  gave  him  command  of  the 
brigade  at  the  battles  of  Nivelle  and 
Orthes.  At  the  latter  action  his  horse 
was  killed  under  him,  and  at  the  same 
moment  a  private  fell  over  him  dead.  As 
the  regiment  passed  on,  the  Marquess  of 
Wellington  rode  up,  and  supposing  Colonel 
Gardiner  to  be  dead,  himself  gave  the  word 
of  command  to  the  6th,  "  Incline  to  your 
right,''  which  was  nobly  obeyed  and  exe- 
cuted, though  a  most  trying  movement 
under  a  cross  fire,  and  Colonel  Gardiner 
was  soon  at  their  head  again.  For  the 
Nivelle  and  Orthes  he  received  a  gold 
medal  and  clasp. 

In  the  subsequent  operations  he  conti- 
nued to  command  the  brigade,  which  took 
possession  of  Bordeaux,  and  was  engaged 
in  that  neighbourhood  until  the  embarka- 
tion of  the  troops  for  North  America. 

From  that  time  he  was  employed  on  the 
general  staff ;  and,  having  attained  the 
rank  of  Colonel  in  1B19,  in  1822  he  suc- 
ceeded Col.  Thornton  at  the  head  of  the 
Adjutant-General's  department  in  Ireland, 
whence  he  was  removed  to  the  Horse 
Guards  as  Deputy  Adjutant-General  in 
13 


Dec.  1830.  He  remained  in  that  potition 
until  Nov.  1841.  He  became  a  Mijor- 
General  1830,  Lieat.-General  1841,  and 
Colonel  of  the  6th  Foot  in  1849. 

Sir  John  Gardiner  was  a  man  of  com- 
manding presence,  and  looked  every  inch 
a  soldier ;  his  pet  name  in  his  regiment 
was  **  High  Gardiner.''  Widi  a  stem  and 
dignified  manner,  he  united  a  sincere  devo- 
tion to  the  interests  of  his  men ;  and  one 
of  his  greatest  pleasures  was  to  obtain 
employment  for  meritorious  soldiers  on 
their  discharge. 

He  married,  in  middle  life,  a  lister  of 
Colonel  Wildman,  of  Newstead  Abbey; 
but  had  no  children.  His  body  was  depo- 
sited in  the  catacombs  at  Kensal-green 
Cemetery.  The  principal  moamers  were 
Lieut. -Colonel  Gardiner,  Col.  Randolph, 
Major-Gen.  George  Brown,  Lieat.-Gen. 
Sir  P.  Macdonald,  and  several  noblemen 
and  military  officers.  The  procesdon 
closed  with  the  carriages  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  Marquess  of  Anglesey,  Lord 
Byron,  Lord  Kinloch,  Lord  Norbury,  &c. 

Major-Gen.  Sir  Henrt  Watson. 

Aug,  31.  In  Portland  place,  aged  69> 
Major-General  Sir  Henry  Watson,  Knt., 
K.T.S.  and  C.B.  Colonel  of  the  15th  Foot. 

He  was  the  son  of  the  late  Christopher 
Watson,  esq.  of  Westwood  House,  Esaex, 
Colonel  of  the  3d  Dragoons,  by  Miss 
Marlam,  of  Grecnford,  Essex;  and  was 
brother  to  the  late  Sir  Frederick  Watton. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Comet  in  the 
3d  Dragoon  Guards  in  May,  1795.  He 
served  in  the  Peninsula,  and  was  present 
at  the  passage  of  the  Dooro  and  battle  of 
Oporto,  the  capture  of  Campo  Mayor, 
siege  of  01iven9a,  the  actions  of  Los 
Santos  and  Usagre,  the  battle  of  Albaera, 
in  which  he  commanded  the  7th  regiment 
of  Portuguese  cavalry,  that  of  Fnentes 
d'Onor,  and  that  of  Salamanca,  where,  at 
the  head  of  the  1st  Portuguese  cavalry,  he 
was  severely  wounded  in  a  charge  on  the 
leading  regiment  of  Thomiere's  divisiGn 
formed  in  square,  which  the  Portuguese 
succeeded  in  routing  and  dispersing.  At 
Toulouse  he  commanded  all  the  Portu- 
guese cavalry  excepting  the  4th  regiment. 
He  became  a  Major-General  in  1838,  was 
made  Colonel  of  the  63d  regiment  in  May, 
1847,  and  was  removed  to  the  15th  in 
Nov.  1850.  Sir  Henry  Watson  had  a  gold 
medal  for  Salamanca,  and  the  silver  war 
medal  with  two  clasps  for  Albnera  and 
Toulouse. 

He  was  created  a  Knight  Bachelor  by 
patent  in  the  year  1817.  lu  1831  he  was 
nominated  a  Companion  of  the  Bath. 

He  married  a  daughter  of  William 
Thoyts,  esq.  of  Sulhampstead  Hoosei 
Berks. 


1851.]     Sir  H,  Jardine, — Sir  W.  Parke, — Gen.  RiddalL 


433 


Sir  Henry  Jardine. 

Aug,  11.  At  Belleville  Lodge,  New- 
ingtoD,  Edinburgh,  aged  85,  Sir  Henry 
Jardine,  Knt.  formerly  King's  Remem- 
brancer  of  the  Exchequer  in  Scotland. 

He  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John 
Jardine,  Dean  of  the  Order  of  the  Thistle, 
and  of  the  Chapel  Royal  in  Scotland. 

He  was  admitted  a  Writer  to  bis  Ma- 
jesty's Signet  in  1790  ;  was  appointed 
King's  Remembrancer  in  1820,  and  re- 
signed that  office  in  1837.  He  was  knighted 
by  King  George  the  Fourth  on  the  30th 
April,  1825. 

He  married  the  youngest  daughter  of 
George  Skene,  esq.  of  Rubieslaw,  co.  Aber- 
deen. 

Sir  Henry  Jardine  was  long  an  active 
member  and  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland, 
and  employed  the  influence  which  the 
high  office  held  by  him  in  the  Scotish 
Exchequer  conferred  on  him,  to  mitigate, 
as  far  as  possible,  the  mischievous  effects 
to  archfeological  science  occasioned  by 
the  existing  law  of  Treasure  Trove.  Seve- 
ral valuable  relics,  now  in  the  Antiqua- 
rian Museum  at  Edinburgh,  were  secured 
solely  by  his  zealous  interference.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  Edinburgh. 

His  son,  James  Jardine,  esq.  married  in 
1834,  Anne,  widow  of  Capt.  Samuel  Wyn- 
dowe  of  the  Ist  Dragoons,  and  mother  of 
the  present  Oliver  Wyndowe-Thomlinson, 
esq.  of  Blencogo,  Cumberland.  She  died 
in  the  following  year,  leaving  one  daughter 
by  her  second  marriage. 


Sir  William  Parke. 

Sept,  1.  At  his  seat,  Dunally,  co.  Sligo, 
in  bis  73d  year.  Sir  William  Parke,  Knt. 
a  deputy  lieutenant  and  justice  of  the 
peace  for  the  co.  Sligo,  formerly  Lieut.- 
Colonel  in  the  army. 

He  was  born  in  March,  1779,  the  eldest 
son  of  Roger  Parke,  esq.  of  Dunally,  for 
many  years   Lieut-Colonel  of  the   Sligo 
militia.     He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign 
in   the   53d   Foot  in  1791,  and   became 
Lieutenant  in  1793.     In  1794  he  accom- 
panied his  regiment  to  the  West  Indies, 
where  he  served  two  years.     He  was  pro- 
moted  to  a   company    Dec.   27,    1797 ; 
served  during   the   rebellion   in   Ireland, 
afterwards  in  the  expedition  to  the  Helder 
in   1799,  and   the  Duke  of  York's  cam- 
paign in  North  Holland  ;  also  in  the  expe- 
dition to  Egypt,  where  he  was  present  in 
several  actions ;  after  which  he  was  in  gar- 
rison for  two  years  in  Gibraltar.     Having 
proceeded  to  the  Peninsula,  he  was  pre- 
sent in  the  battle  of  Yimiera ;  and  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Corunna.     He 
served  in  the  expedition  to  Walcheren  and 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


siege  of  Flushing.  In  1811  he  again  ac- 
companied his  regiment  to  the  Peninsula, 
and  was  made  Major  in  it  on  the  37th 
July  that  year.  In  1812  he  exchanged 
into  the  2d  battalion  of  the  66th  Foot, 
which  he  accompanied  to  St.  Helena,  where 
he  served  until  the  reduction  of  his  batta- 
lion in  1817,  and  was  then  placed  on  half- 
pay.  He  attained  the  brevet  rank  of 
Lieut. -Colonel  1819.  He  received  a  gold 
medal  for  his  services  in  Egypt,  and  die 
war  medal,  with  three  clasps,  for  Corunna, 
Vimiera,  and  Egypt. 

He  twice  filled  the  office  of  High  She- 
riff of  the  CO.  Sligo,  and  was  knighted  by 
the  Marquess  of  Normanby,  Lord  Lieute- 
nant of  Ireland,  in  1836. 

He  married  in  July  1813,  Louisa,  fourth 
daughter  of  the  late  Charles  Johnstone, 
esq.  of  Ludlow  ;  and  had  issue  three  sons, 
Roger,  Johnstone,  and  Jemmett. 

General  Riddall,  K.H. 

July  28.  At  Southsea,  aged  76,  Major- 
General  William  Riddall,  K.H. 

He  entered  the  army  in  1798,  and  was 
actively  employed  with  the  63d  regiment 
in  Sicily,  Egypt,  Calabria,  Italy,  Spain, 
and  North  America  from  1806  to  the  end 
of  the  war.  He  was  detached  with  the 
Grenadier  company  of  his  regiment  to 
retard  the  advance  of  the  French  in  their 
march  to  invest  Scylla  Castle  and  invade 
Sicily  ;  and  served  at  the  Faro  in  Sicilj 
Tor  several  weeks  under  the  fire  of  the 
French  batteries  erected  in  Calabria.  He 
was  afterwards  second  in  command  to 
General  Blommart,  in  a  Grenadier  bat- 
talion sent  from  Sicily  to  Spain  ;  and  was 
advanced  with  his  company  and  two  field 
pieces  in  the  attack  on  and  expulsion  of 
the  French  from  the  heights  before  Genoa. 
Afterwards  he  served  in  North  America, 
and  was  second  in  command  with  detach- 
ments up  the  Penobscot  river;  he  also 
commanded  the  advance  in  forcing  a  posi- 
tion at  Hampden,  defended  by  treble  our 
numbers.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Colonel 
in  1837,  and  that  of  Major*  General  in 
1846  ;  and  was  in  1832  nominated  a  K.H. 


IiIEUT.-COLONEL  JaRVIS. 

June  14.  At  Doddington  hall,  Lin- 
colnshire, aged  77 »  George  Ralph  Payne 
Jarvis,  esq.  of  that  place,  a  Lieut. -Colonel 
in  the  army,  and  a  deputy  lieutenant  and 
magistrate  of  Lincolnshire. 

He  entered  the  army  as  Ensign  in  1 792, 
became  Lieut,  in  the  36th  Foot  in  Dec. 
1793,  Captain  in  Nov.  1799,  and  Major 
in  Dec.  1810.  He  served  with  the  36th 
in  the  Peninsula  in  1808-9 ;  was  present 
in  the  battles  of  Roleia,  Vimiera,  and 
Corunna,  and  in  consequence  received  the 
war  medal  with  three  cLups.    In  1811  he 

3K 


.  ♦ 


484  Henry  Broadley^  Esq.  MJP, — R.  C.  Askew^  Eiq.        [Oct 

No  man  has  yoted  more  nniformlj  than 
the  late  member  for  the  East  RidiDg :  he 
was  no  vacillator,  bat  always  markM  out 
for  himself  a  straightforvirard  course  of 
undeviating  political  rectitude.  When  it 
was  fashionable  for  legislators  to  repudiate 
their  former  principles  in  favour  of  mo- 
dern theories,  Mr.  Broadley  remained 
among  the  faithful  few,  who,  through  evil 
report  and  good  report,  remained  true  to 
those  principles  which  they  had  avowed 
at  the  hustings.'' — YorhtMm  OoMette. 

Mr.  Broadley  was  chairman  of  the  Hull 
and  Selby  Railway  from  1836  to  1843. 

His  funeral  took  place  on  the  16th  Aug. 
The  hearse,  followed  by  three  mooming 
coaches,  1 1  private  carriages,  and  86  of 
the  tenantry  on  horseback,  left  Welton 
House  early  in  the  morning,  and  arrived 
at  Holy  Trinity  church,  Hull,  about  half- 
past  eleven.  In  the  first  mourning  coach 
were  Capt.  Broadley  and  Broadley  Har- 
rison, esq.  nephews  of  the  deceased,  and 
in  the  second  Thos.  Thompson,  esq.  hit 
solicitor,  and  Mr.  Hebblethwaite,  his  land- 
steward.  The  remains  were  interred  in 
the  family  vault  near  the  southern  entrance 
of  Holy  Trinity  church. 


was  placed  on  half-pay.  In  1813  and 
1814  he  acted  as  Major  of  Brigade  to 
Major-Gen.  Barlow  on  the  staff  of  the 
Kent  District.  He  attained  the  brevet 
rank  of  Lieut.-Colonel  in  1819. 

He  was  twice  married,  first  in  1802  to 
Philadelphia,  third  daughter  of  Ebenezer 
Blackwell,  esq.  by  Mary,  daughter  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Eden,  Prebendary  of  Win- 
chester ;  and,  secondly,  in  1830,  to 
Frances,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John 
Sturges,  LL.D.  Chancellor  of  Winches- 
ter, and  sister  to  the  late  Right  Hon.  Wil- 
liam Sturges-Boume.  By  the  former  lady 
he  had  issue  five  sons  and  two  daughters. 
The  former  were,  1.  George  Knollis  Jar- 
vis,  esq.  who  married  Emily,  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  the  Rev.  George  Thomas  Pretyman, 
Chancellor  of  Lincoln  ;  2.  the  Rev.  Charles 
Macquarie  George  Jar  vis,  Rector  of  Dod- 
dington,  who  married  in  1840  Augusta, 
second  daughter  of  Robert  Cracroft,  esq. 
of  Hackthom  and  Harrington,  co.  Line, 
and  neice  to  Sir  William  Amcotts  Ingilby, 
Bart.  M.P. ;  3.  Henry-George,  Captain  in 
the  army,  who  died  in  the  West  Indies  in 
18..  ;  4.  John-George,  Captain  in  the 
52nd  Light  Inf.  ;  5.  Edwin-George,  who 
married  in  1841  Frances,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  above  Robert  Cracroft,  esq.  Tlic 
Colonel's  daughters  were,  Mary-Eden, 
married  to  Robert  Cole,  esq.  Major  in 
the  army;  and  Aune-Fector,  married  to 
John  Bromheail,  esq.  of  Lincoln. 


Henry  Broadley,  Esq.  M.P. 

Aug.  8.  In  Charles  street,  St.  James's 
square,  in  his  r)8th  year,  Henry  Broadley, 
esq.  of  Welton  House,  near  Howden,  M.P. 
for  the  East  Riding  of  Yorkshire,  and  n 
Deputy  Lieutenant  and  Magistrate  of  the 
same. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Henry  Broadley, 
esq.  alderman  of  Hull,  (who  died  in  1707,) 
by  Betty-Anne,  daughter  and  heiress  of 
John  Jarratt,  esq.  of  Beverley. 

He  was  first  returned  to  parliament  for 
the  East  Riding  at  the  general  election  of 
1837,  defeating  the  former  member,  Mr. 
Paul  Beilby  Thompson,  afterwards  Lcrd 
Wenlock,  in  a  poll  which  terminated  as 
follows — 

Richard  Bethell,  esq.  .  .  .  3,502 
Henry  Broadley,  esq.  .  .  .  3,257 
Paul  Beilby  Thompson,  esq. .     2,085 

lie  was  rechosen  without  opposition  in 
1841  and  1847.  In  politics  he  was  a 
Tory,  and  one  of  strong  Protectionist 
feeling,  having  voted  on  all  occasions  in 
favour  of  protection  to  British  industry. 

**  A  more  attentive  member  to  the 
house  did  not  exist.  His  name  appeared 
in  almost  every  division,  and  his  punc- 
tuality was  equalled  by  his  couaiitency. 


Richard  Crabter  Askew,  Esa* 

July  30.  At  Pallinsbum,  Northum- 
berland, in  his  73rd  year,  Richard  Craiter 
A. skew,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

This  gentleman  was  the  fifth  son  of  John 
Askew,  esq.  of  Pallinsbum,  and  of  Bridget, 
daughter  and  heiress  of  John  Watson,  esq. 
of  Goswick,  CO.  Durham,  by  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  John  Craster,  esq.  of  Craster 
in  Northumberland. 

lie  w^as  called  to  the  bar  by  the  Hon. 
Society  of  Lincoln's  Inn  on  the  13th 
June,  1807.  He  resided  in  Newcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  praclising  as  a  chamber  coun- 
sel and  conveyanci^r.  Hewai  elected  Re- 
corder of  that  town  at  Michaelmas  1833, 
and  resigned  the  office  at  Michaelmaa 
1834.  He  subsequently  removed  to  Tyne- 
mouth. 

On  the  death  of  his  brother,  lieut.- 
Gen.  Sir  Henry  Askew,  Knt.  and  C.B. 
on  the  25th  June,  1847  (see  our  voU 
XXVIII.  p.  432),  he  succeeded  to  the  estate 
of  Pallinsbum. 

He  married,  April  18,  1843,  Elisabeth, 
second  surviving  daughter  of  the  late 
Thomas  Davidson,  esq.  of  Newcastle, 
Clerk  of  the  Peace  for  the  oounty  of 
Northumberland ;  and  niece  to  the  late 
Rear-Adm.  Wm.  Charlton.  She  survives 
her  husband,  without  issue. 

His  estate  devolves  to  his  nephew  Wat. 
son  Askew,  a  minor,  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
C.  C.  Askew,  R.N.  (^  Brotdbudiy  near 
Petersfield,  Hants. 


1851.]      Wade  Browne,  Esq.^^David  M,  M.  Crichton,  Esq.        435 


Wade  Browne,  Esq. 

Aug.  2.  At  Monkton  Farley,  Wilt- 
shire, aged  55,  Wade  Browne,  esq.  M.A. 
a  justice  of  the  peace  for  that  county  and 
Somerset. 

He  was  born  on  the  30th  April,  179G, 
the  only  son  of  Wade  Browne,  esq.  for- 
merly a  merchant  at  Leeds,  a  magistrate 
and  deputy-lieutenant  of  Yorkshire,  by 
his  first  wife  Rhoda,  daughter  of  Jacob 
Smith,  esq.  of  Walsall.  He  succeeded 
his  father  in  his  estates  in  1821,  and  also 
became  heir  to  his  uncle  Joseph  Smith, 
esq.  of  Sion  Hill,  co.  Wore. 

Mr.  Wade  Browne  was  a  member  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  where  he 
graduated  B.A.  1819,  M.A.  1822. 

He  married  June  23, 1831 ,  Anne,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  Edward 
Pennefather,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Queen's  Bench  in  Ireland,  by  whom  he 
had  issue  two  sons,  Edward- Pennefather- 
Wade,  and  Cornwallis-Wade  ;  and  two 
daughters. 


David  M.  Makgill  Crichton,  Esq. 

July  11.  At  Rankeilour  House,  Fife- 
shire,  aged  50,  David  Maitland  Makgill 
Crichton,  esq. 

lie  was  born  on  the  4th  March,  1801, 
the  eldest  surviving  son  of  Charles  the 
younger  of  Rankeilour,  by  Mary,  daughter 
of  David  Johnston,  esq.  of  Lathrisk.  His 
grandfather  was  the  Hon.  Capt.  Frederick 
ISIaitland,  R.N.  sixth  son  of  Charles  sixth 
Earl  of  Lauderdale,  who  assumed  the  sur- 
name of  Makgill  in  consequence  of  his 
marriage  with  Margaret  Dick,  of  Ran- 
keilour, the  granddaughter  of  Isabella 
Makgill,  heiress  of  that  family,  who  was 
married  to  the  Rev.  William  Dick,  minister 
of  Cuj)ar.  This  Isabella  was  the  grand- 
daughter of  Sir  James  Makgill,  of  Ran- 
keilour, by  the  Hon.  Janet  Crichton,  only 
child  of  James  Crichton  of  Frcndraught, 
who  was  created  a  Peer  of  Scotland  by  the 
titles  of  Lord  Crichton  and  Viscount  of 
Frendraught,  by  patent  granted  by  King 
Charles  I.  at  Nottingham  in  161'2.  There 
were  four  Viscounts  Frendraught,  the 
second  and  the  last  being  the  sons,  and 
the  third  a  grandson,  of  the  first  Viscount 
by  his  second  marriage.  The  last  Viscount 
died  with  issue  in  16J)8.  Janet  was  the 
daughter  of  her  father's  first  marriage  with 
Lady  Janet  Leslie,  second  daughter  of 
Alexander  first  Earl  of  Levcn. 

Mrs.  Maitland-Makgill  died  in  1827, 
leaving  her  grandson,  now  deceased,  her 
heir  ;  and  in  June  1 839  he  was  served 
heir  of  line  and  general  to  James  Crichton, 
first  Viscount  Frendraught. 

Mr.  Crichton  married,  first,  in  1827, 
Eleanor  Julian,  second  daughter  of  the 
late  Thomas  Hogg,  esq.  of  NewlistOD,  and 


became  a  widower  in  1831.  He  married 
secondly,  in  1834,  Esther,  daughter  of  the 
late  Dr.  Andrew  Coventry,  of  ChanwelL 
By  the  former  lady  he  had  issue  two  sons 
and  two  daughters;  by  the  latter,  who 
survives  him,  also  two  daughters  and  two 
sons.  His  eldest  daughter  was  married  in 
1849  to  Philip  Somerville,  esq.  Commander 
R.N.  His  eldest  son  and  heir,  Charles 
Julian  Maitland-Makgill-Crichton,  esq. 
was  born  in  1828,  and  is  at  present  un- 
married. 


Charles  Konig,  Esq. 

Aug,  29.  Of  apoplexy,  aged  77,  Charles 
Konig,  esq.,  K.H.,  F.R.S.,  F.L.S.,  Keeper 
of  the  Mineralogical  Collections  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Mr.  KOnig  was  a  native  of  Brunswick, 
and  educated  chiefly  at  Gottingen,  where 
he  was  contemporary  with  the  Duke  of 
Sussex,  with  Gauss,  and  with  Dr.  Thomas 
Young.     He  came  to  England  towards  the 
end  of  1 800,  in  order  to  arrange  the  col- 
lections in  natural  history  belonging  to  her 
Majesty  Queen  Charlotte.      He  was  soon 
after  engaged  as  an  assistant  to  Dryander  in 
the  charge  of  the  library  and  herbarium  of 
Sir  Joseph  Banks.   At  this  time  his  studies 
were  almost  exclusively  directed  to  botany, 
which  he  cultivated  with  much  success ; 
editing,  in  conjunction  with  Dr.  John  Sims, 
then  editor  of  the  Botanical  Magazine, 
the  Annals  of  Botany,  an  extremely  well- 
conducted  periodical,  containing  several 
valuable  papers  from   his  own  pen.     In 
1807,  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Gray,  he  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  Shaw  as  Assistant- Keeper  pf 
the   Natural   History  department  in  the' 
British  Museum ;  and  on  the  demise  of  ^ 
Dr.  Shaw  in  1813,  he  became  head  of  the 
department.     In  these  offices  he  chiefly 
devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  minera- 
logy and  fossil  remains.     At  the  period 
of  his  appointment  the  Museum  was  ex- 
tremely poor  in  these  departments ;  but 
the  purchase  of  the  Greville  Collection 
of  Minerals,  soon  afterwards,  laid  a  fine 
foundation    for   the    magnificent    display- 
brought  together    under    his    direction, 
which   now   adorns  the   galleries.      The 
enlargement  of   this  collection,   and  its 
scientific  arrangement,  occupied  him  for 
some  years,  when  he  turned  his  attention 
to  the  comparatively  new  study  of  fossil 
organic  remains,  and  since  that  time  ex- 
erted himself  greatly  in   the  increase  of 
the  noble  collection  which  the  Museum 
has  acquired  in  this  important  branch  of 
natural  science.    He  published  some  years 
since  the  commencement  of  a  work  in- 
tended to  illustrate  these  objects,  under 
the  title  of"  Icones  Fossilium  Sectiles;*' 
it  was  not,  however,  continued  beyond  the 
first  number. 


436  Charles  Kdnig,  Esq.— J.  E.  Bicheno,  Esq.  F.R.S.      [Oct. 


Mr.  KOnig  was  for  many  years,  under 
the  presidency  of  the  Duke  of  Sussex, 
Foreign  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Society. 
His  extensive  acquaintance  with  the  Ger- 
man dialects  led  to  his  acquiring  a  con- 
siderable taste  for  philology,  in  the  culti- 
vation of  which  much  of  his  leisure  time 
was  latterly  passed,  and  in  which  depart- 
ment of  literature  he  formed  a  valuable 
library.  We  understand  that  his  property 
is  equally  divided  between  charities  in 
Hanover  and  in  England,  and  that  Mr. 
Brown,  of  the  British  Museum,  is  left  his 
executor.  Since  the  death  of  his  sister  a 
few  years  ago,  he  was  not  conscious  of 
having  any  relative.— Chiefly  from  the 
Literary  Gazette. 


James  Ebenezer  Bicheno,  Esq.  F.R.S. 

Feb.  25.  At  Hobart  Town,  in  his  67th 
year,  James  Ebcnezcr  Bicheno,  esq.  Colo- 
nial Secretary  of  Van  Diemen's  Land,  a 
barrister-at-law,  and  Fellow  of  the  Royal, 
Linnean,  and  Geological  Societies. 

He  was  born  at  Newbury  in  Berkshire, 
where  his  father  the  Rev.  James  Bicheno, 
M.A.  was  for  many  years  an  eminent  dis- 
senting minister  of  the  Baptist  persuasion, 
and  was  the  author  of  several  publications 
of  a  politico-religious  character,  a  list  of 
which  will  be  found  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  vol.  ci.  i.  052.  He  died  at 
Newbury  April  9,  1831,  aged  80,  leaving 
some  property,  which  was  inherited  by 
the  subject  of  this  memoir,  then  his  only 
surviving  son,  a  brother  having  been 
drowned  while  bathing  in  the  Kennett  at 
Newbury,  on  the  7th  Aug.  180G. 

Of  Mr.  Bicheno*s  early  destination  in 
life  wc  are  not  informed.  When  approach- 
ing his  fortieth  year  he  entered  himself 
at  the  Middle  Temple,  and  was  called  to 
the  bar  by  that  Hon.  Society  on  the  17th 
May  1822.  He  went  the  Oxford  circuit ; 
but  his  taste  for  science  attached  him 
more  closely  to  its  study  thnn  to  that  of 
the  law.  Botany  and  Zoology,  particu- 
larly the  former,  were  his  leading  pursuits. 
In  1824  he  became  Secretary  of  the 
Linnean  Society,  in  which  capacity  he 
superintended  the  publication  of  many 
learned  papers  on  his  favourite  pursuits, 
and  was  the  author  of  one  "  On  Systems 
and  Methods  in  Natural  History,"  read 
June  4,  182C,  Linnsan  Trans,  vol.  15. 

He  removed  to  South  Wales  on  be- 
coming a  partner  in  the  Maesteg  Iron- 
works (an  unfortunate  speculation),  and 
he  was  for  some  time  resident  at  Ty- 
maen  near  Pyle  in  Glamorganshire,  where 
he  acted  as  a  magistrate  and  as  the  official 
chairman  of  the  board  of  guardians  at 
Bridgend. 

We  believe  he  was  indebted  to  Lord 
Lansdownefor  his  appointment  to  the  com- 


mission formed  under  Lord  Mdboarae's 
government,  and  of  which  Archbishop 
Wbately  was  chairman,  to  loqaire  into  the 
expediency  of  introducing  the  Poor  Law 
into  Ireland.  Several  important  reports 
upon  this  subject  proceeded  "from  his  pen. 

In  Sept.  1842  he  was  selected  by  Lord 
Stanley  for  the  office  of  Colonisft  Secretary 
in  Van  Diemen's  Land.  He  arrived  in 
that  colony  on  the  10th  April,  1843,  and 
commenced  his  public  duties  on  the  20th 
of  the  same  month.  In  addition  to  these 
duties,  he  gratified  his  desire  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  knowledge  and  the  progress 
of  improvement  in  the  colony,  by  the  oocs- 
sional  delivery  of  lectures,  which  were  much 
prized  by  the  inhabitants.  He  had  generally 
enjoyed  good  health :  and  his  death  was 
attributed  to  disease  of  the  heart.  His 
body  was  interred  in  St.  David's  cemetery 
at  Hobart  Town;  the  chief  monrners 
being  his  executors,  F.  C.  Tribe  and  E.  J. 
Mauley,  esqrs.  His  nearest  relatives  sre  a 
nephew  Mr.  James  Bicheno  Francis,  and 
his  two  sisters,  resident  in  Massschnaetts, 
U.S.  By  his  will  he  has  directed  his  library 
to  be  offered  to  the  Tasmanian  Public 
Library  for  300/. 

Mr.  Bicheno  was  a  man  whose  society 
was  always  acceptable  in  the  several  circles 
in  which  he  moved.  His  information  on 
various  subjects  was  extensive,  and  his 
conversational  powers  of  a  saperior  cha- 
racter. He  married  in  1821  a  lady  of 
Newbury  named  Lloyd ;  whom  he  had  the 
misfortune  to  lose,  in  childbed,  within  a 
year  after  their  marriage. 

Edward  Johnstone,  M.D. 

Sept,  4.  At  Edgbaston  Hall,  near  Bir- 
mingham, in  his  04th  year,  Edward  John- 
stone, M.D. 

Dr.  Johnstone  belonged  to  a  family 
which  in  several  of  its  members  has 
adorned  the  practice  and  extended  the 
boundaries  of  medical  science. 

His  father.  Dr.  James  Johnstone,  who 
died  in  1802,  in  his  73d  year  (see  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine  for  that  year,  p. 
475),  was  a  native  of  Annandale  in  Scot- 
land, where  he  was  bom  on  the  14th 
April,  1730.  In  1751  he  settled  at  Kid- 
derminster, where  he  attained  considerable 
e-ninence,  and  from  thence  removed  to 
Worcester.  He  was  the  author  of  the  dis- 
covery which  led  to  the  employment  of  the 
fumes  of  mineral  acids  for  the  prevention 
of  infectious  fevers,  althongh  the  merit 
was  many  years  afterwards  cltimed  by  Dr. 
Carmichael  Smyth,  whose  pretensions 
were  successful  in  obtaining  from  Parlia- 
ment a  grant  of  5,000/.  The  claims,  how- 
ever, of  the  real  public  benefactor  in  this 
matter  have  since  been  fully  admitted  by 
the  profession  and  the  public,  mainlj,  no 


1851.] 


Obituary. — Edward  Johnstone^  M,D. 


437 


doubt,  through  the  ability  and  filial  zeal 
of  his  son,  the  late  Dr.  John  Johnstone, 
of  Birmingliam. 

An  elder  brother  of  the  subject  of  our 
present  notice,  Dr.  James  Johnstone,  after 
graduating  with  great  iclat  at  Edinburgh, 
was  elected  one  of  the  physicians  to  the 
Infirmary  at  Worcester,  where  the  zeal 
and  ability  which  distinguished  him  in  the 
pursuit  of  scientific  knowledge  obtained 
for  him  a  large  share  of  practice  at  a  very 
early  period  of  life,  which  only  extended 
to  his  thirtieth  year.  Having  been  called 
upon  by  the  magistrates  of  the  county  to 
combat  the  gaol  fever,  which  then  pre- 
vailed, he  engaged  in  the  discharge  of  that 
important  duty  with  an  alacrity  and  self- 
sacrifice  which  rendered  him  a  victim  to 
the  pestilence  which  he  was  eminently 
successful  in  checking.  His  premature 
death  was  lamented  by  the  illustrious  phi- 
lanthropist John  Howard ;  and  Dr.  rarr 
wrote  his  epitaph  in  Worcester  cathedral, 
as  well  as  that  of  his  father  (both  of  which 
may  be  seen  in  our  Magazine  for  Feb.  1816.) 

Dr.  John  Johnstone,  the  fourth  brother, 
occupied  a  distinguished  place  among  the 
medical  profession  at  Birmingham  for  up- 
wards of  forty  years  ;  and  was  the  biogra- 
pher and  editor  of  the  works  and  corres- 
pondence of  the  learned  Dr.  Samuel  Parr. 
He  died  in  1837,  in  his  68th  year,  and  a 
memoir  of  him  was  given  in  our  vol.  vii. 
p.  547. 

Dr.  Edward  Johnstone  (whose  death 
we  now  record  )  was  the  third  son  of  his 
father.  He  was  bom  at  Kidderminster, 
and  educated  at  the  Free  Grammar  School 
there  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Martin,  who,  having 
been  brought  up  at  Westminster  under 
Bishop  Johnson,  was  afterwards  brought 
by  him  into  Worcestershire,  and  preferred 
to  the  living  of  St.  Helen's,  in  the  city 
of  Worcester. 

Dr.  Johnstone  pursued  his  studies  at 
Edinburgh,  where,  on  the  14th  of  June, 
1779,  he  obtained  the  degree  of  M.D., 
selecting  ♦*  De  Febre  Puerperal! "  as  the 
subject  of  his  inaugural  treatise,  which, 
on  being  published,  elicited  the  discrimi- 
nating praise  of  the  eminent  French  sur- 
geon M.  de  Ponteau.  In  the  autumn  of 
the  same  year,  on  the  opening  of  the  Bir- 
mingham General  Hospital,  he  was  elected, 
with  Dr.  Ash,  Dr.  Withering,  and  Dr. 
Smith,  one  of  its  first  physicians,  an  early 
recognition  of  his  professional  abilities  ; 
and  he  was  probably  the  last  survivor  of 
all  those  who  had  any  thing  to  do  with 
the  establishment  of  that  institution.  In 
this  appointment,  which  he  held  for  a 
number  of  years,  with  honour  to  himself 
and  benefit  to  the  charity,  he  was  suc- 
ceeded by  his  brother,  the  late  Dr.  John 
Johnstone. 


Dr.  Johnstone  was  also  a  zealous  pro- 
moter of  the  Dispensary  for  supplying 
Medical  and  Surgical  Attendance  to  the 
sick  poor  at  their  own  homes.  He  was 
an  active  and  munificent  patron  of  every 
useful  and  charitable  institution  ;  and  hit 
able  advice  was  at  all  times  accessible  at 
his  own  residence  to  the  less  affluent. 
The  one  in  which,  for  more  than  twenty 
years  of  his  later  life,  he  took  the  greatest 
interest  was  the  Medical  School,  now 
Queen's  College.  In  the  year  1824,  when 
Mr.  Sands  Cox,  the  founder  of  the  Col- 
lege, submitted  to  him  the  plan  of  the 
original  institution,  the  Doctor  entered 
warmly  into  the  scheme.  He  afterwards 
presided  at  the  opening  lecture,  and  was  a 
constant  attendant  during  its  entire  course. 
On  the  plans  for  the  school  being  ma- 
tured he  accepted  the  office  of  President, 
and  for  a  period  of  eighteen  years  was 
never  absent  from  the  Council  Board. 
When,  in  1836,  the  Doctor  entered  his 
eightieth  year,  the  Council  deviated  from 
its  usual  course,  by  fixing  its  anniversary 
meeting  on  his  birthday,  namely,  the  26th 
of  September.  On  the  same  occasion  a 
large  body  of  the  students  presented  Dr. 
Johnstone  with  an  address.  The  comple- 
tion of  the  fiftieth  year  of  his  practice  had 
previously  been  celebrated  by  a  public 
dinner,  which  was  attended  by  upwards  of 
one  hundred  gentlemen,  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  assembly  consisting  of  his 
medical  brethren  in  Birmingham  and  the 
vicinity. 

In  the  year  1840  Dr.  Johnstone  pre- 
sided at  the  first  meeting  to  found  the 
Queen's  Hospital ;  and,  although  devo- 
tedly attached  to  the  General  Hospital,  as 
the  scene  of  his  early  labours,  he  not  only 
gave  the  project  his  unanimous  support, 
on  the  public  ground  **  that  an  additional 
hospital  was  called  for,  from  the  fact  that 
in  this  great  central  metropolitan  district, 
intersected  in  all  directions  with  railway 
communications,  embracing  within  its 
range  upwards  of  half  a  million  of  people, 
employed  among  the  deleterious  effluvia  in- 
cident to  many  of  the  manufactures,  hourly 
exposed  to  accident  and  disease  from  pow- 
erful machinery  assisting  the  labour  of 
man,  and  from  mining  operations,  there 
existed  only  one  such  charity,  opened  in 
the  year  1779,  when  the  population  of 
Birmingham  did  not  exceed  50,000;'' 
and  he  generously  contributed  100/.  to- 
wards the  building  fund,  at  the  same  time 
accepting  the  office  of  Honorary  Physician, 
which  he  continued  to  hold  until  the  time 
of  his  death.  On  the  incorporation  of 
Queen's  College  the  doctor  was  appointed 
the  first  Principal.  In  1844  the  council 
and  professors  presented  his  portrait  to 
the  college  ;  and  when  in  1845  accumu- 


438         Edward  QuilUnan,  Esq. — Rev.  S.  O* Sullivan,  DJD.     [Oct. 


lating  years  had  warned  him  to  seek  that 
complete  retirement  which  he  hod  so  well 
earned,  a  special  meeting  of  the  governors, 
professors,  and  students,  presided  over  by 
Lord  Lyttelton,  presented  to  their  vener- 
able head  **  the  earnest  and  affectionate 
expression  of  their  gratitude  for  his  valu- 
able and  unremitting  services,"  rendered 
to  the  institution  daring  a  period  of 
eighteen  years. 

To  a  highly  cultivated  mind,  and  emi- 
nent professional  qualifications,  Dr.  John- 
stone united  a  benevolence  of  heart,  and 
a  peculiar  kindness  and  urbanity  of  man- 
ner, which  endeared  him  to  his  patients 
and  professional  brethren,  and  won  for 
him  the  esteem  and  respect  of  all  classes. 
His  remains  were  interred,  on  Wednesday 
the  10th  Sept.  in  the  family  vault  con- 
nected with  the  Edgbaston  Old  Church, 
being  attended  by  the  officers  and  council 
of  Queen's  College  and  the  Committee  of 
Queen's  Hospital,  and  by  nearly  all  the 
members  of  the  medical  profession  and 
students  in  the  town  and  vicinity.  The 
pall-bearers  were  James  Taylor,  esq.  Jo- 
seph Webster,  esq.  Messrs.  George  Att- 
wood,  R.  Wo)d,  E.  T.  Cox,  and  T.  E. 
Lee. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir  has  left  one 
surviving  brother,  Lockhart  Johnstone, 
esq.  barrister  at- law,  and  senior  bencher 
of  Gray's  Inn  ;  and  one  daughter  and  two 
sons. 


Edward  Quii.linan,  Esq. 

July  8.  At  Loughrigg  Holm,  Rydal, 
Wcstmerland,  aged  60,  Edward  Quillinan, 
esq. 

In  early  life  Mr.  Quillinan  was  a  Lieu- 
tenant in  the  .3rd  Dragoon  Guards.  When 
quartered  in  garrison  at  Canterbury,  he 
distinguished  himself  by  his  literary  effu- 
sions. An  elegant  and  piquant  isatire, 
entitled  **  Ball- Room  Votaries,"  was  un- 
derstood to  be  his  production,  and  he  con- 
ducted and  was  a  principal  contributor  to 
a  local  periodical  entitled  ♦*The  Whim." 
Ilis  poetic  talents  introduced  him  to  the 
friendship  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  then 
residing  at  I^e  Priory,  and  in  1817  he 
married  Jemima-Anne-Deborah,  second 
daughter  of  the  literary  baronet.  This 
lady's  death  in  IH22  was  occasioned  by  a 
lamentable  accident,  her  clothes  having 
caught  tire  in  her  own  apartment. 

While  residing  at  Lee  Priory,  many  of 
Mr.  Quillinan 's  poetical  productions  were 
printed  at  tlio  private  press  there  esta- 
blished. Two  of  these  were,  Dunluce 
Castle,  1811  ;  and  The  Sacrifice  of  I»aby, 
181(}.  Another  of  his  poems,  Monther- 
mer,  was  published  in  1815. 

About  the  year  1823,  the  poet  Words- 
worth visited  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  which 


led  to  an  acquaintance  between  the  two 
families,  and  subsequently  Mr,  Quillinan 
married  the  only  daughter  of  fhe  great 
poet  of  the  Lakes,  "nils  lady  also  died 
just  four  years  before  him,  on  the  9th  July, 
1847.  She  had  published  shortly  before 
a  '*  Journal  of  a  Few  Months*  Residence 
in  Portugal,  &c."  At  the  time  of  Mr. 
Wordsworth's  decease  some  eitracts  were 
published  from  Mr.  Qaillinan's  jonmal, 
descriptive  of  the  bard's  last  moments. 
The  only  prose  volume  from  his  pen  is  one 
entitled,  "  The  Conspirators ;  or,  the  Ro- 
mance of  Military  Life,"  in  three  volamei 
octavo,  embodying  the  writer's  recollec- 
tions of  the  Peninsular  War. 

Mr.  Quillinan  was  an  accomplished 
scholar,  more  especially  in  Portacnese  lite- 
rature, and  was  a  critical  writer  of  no  mean 
ability.  Precision  of  style  and  pungency 
of  remark,  wholly  untinctnred  by  ul-natnre, 
characterised  the  compositions  which  he 
now  and  then  contributed  to  the  periodical 
press.  He  had  for  many  years  past  taken 
up  his  abode  in  the  beaatifnl  valley  be- 
tween Ambleside  and  Rydal,  near  the  resi- 
dence of  the  late  Mr.  Wordsworth,  In 
whose  recently  published  biography  will 
be  found  frequent  and  honourable  men- 
tion of  his  name.  His  death,  which  took 
place  after  a  severe  illness  of  only  a  few 
days'  duration,  has  renewed  the  gloom 
which  the  death  of  his  father-in-law,  little 
more  than  a  year  ago,  cast  over  the  dif  • 
trict.  His  remains  were  interred  in  (3rass- 
mere  church,  in  that  romantic  and  grief- 
hallowed  spot  where  repose  the  remains  of 
Mr.  Wordsworth  and  Ms  daughter. 

The  Rkv.  Samukl  O'Sullivan,  D.D. 

Auff.  G.  At  Dublin,  the  Rev.  Samuel 
O'Sullivan,  D.D.  for  thirty  years  chaplain 
of  the  Royal  Military  School  in  the 
Pho;  nix -park. 

He  was  n  gentleman  of  high  literary  at- 
tainments, and,  like  his  brother,  the  Rev. 
Mortimer  0*Sullivan,  possessed  eloquence 
of  the  first  order.  The  Daily  Exvreu^  in 
a  biographical  sketch  of  the  deceased, 
says : — 

"  Dr.  O^  Sullivan's  writings  were  on 
every  varied  subject  that  suggests  itself  to 
a  man  whose  profession  may  almost  be 
said  tu  have  been  literature.  His  style 
was  formed  at  an  earlier  period  than  that 
of  most  of  the  writers  who  have  of  late 
years  addressed  the  public ;  and  it  more 
often  reminds  us  of  Goldsmith  in  its  truth 
of  delineation,  or  of  Swift  in  its  perfect 
purity  of  language,  than  of  any  one  modem 
author ;  but  his  style  was  in  trudi  his  own, 
and  unborrowed  from  any  model,  the  di- 
rect and  almost  transparent  medium  in 
which  the  thoughts  of  a  very  contempU- 
tive  and  a  Tcry  original  mind  were  liqp- 


1851.]       Obituary.— if.  Daguerre^^Mr.  B,  P.  Gibbon. 


439 


pily  communicated.  Like  Southey's  ear- 
lier and  better  prose  works,  such  as  '  Es- 
priella's  Letters/  and  his  papers  in  the 
Annual  Review,  there  was  in  O' Sullivan's 
writings  a  perpetual  sparkling  of  wit  which 
brightened  and  gave  life  and  animation  to 
every  thing  he  said.  You  saw  that  the 
writer  was  himself  a  man  of  joyous  spirit, 
and  the  difference  between  him  and  an 
ordinary  man  discussing  the  same  subject 
was  as  die  difference  between  such  a  book 
as  *  Fuller's  Church  History,'  alive  and 
brilliant  everywhere  with  illustrations,  and 
some  ragged-school  compendium  of  barren 
facts,  and  names,  and  dates.  In  the  Uni- 
versity Magazine  many  of  the  papers  on 
subjects  of  Irish  history  were  his  ;  and  we 
believe  that  there  is  not  anywhere  the  same 
amount  of  original  and  most  important  in- 
formation brought  together  on  a  subject 
which,  had  it  not  been  placed  on  record 
within  the  last  few  years,  must  have  alto- 
gether perished,  as  in  his  account  of  the 
Emmetts,  and  Tones,  and  Sheares,  of  1798. 
Of  the  passing  events  of  his  own  times — 
the  struggles  of  the  Irish  Church,  the  Free 
Church  movement  in  Scotland,  and  the 
position  of  the  English  Church  with  re- 
ference to  its  colonies  and  to  America — 
the  public  have  had  no  information  so 
valuable  as  that  supplied  by  him  from  time 
to  time  in  the  University  and  in  Black- 
wood's  Magazine.  What  the  Church  and 
what  society  has  lost,  or  rather  what  might 
have  been  easily  gained  for  both,  no  man 
can  estimate. 

"The  last  task  with  which  Dr.  O'Sul- 
livan  was  engaged  was  the  publication  of 
a  Church  Catechism.  It  is  drawn  up  with 
exceeding  simplicity  ;  yet  there  is  no  one 
doctrine  taught  by  the  Church  that  is  not 
brought  forward  in  this  little  work,  not 
alone  in  the  language  of  our  Church  for- 
mularies, but  also  in  the  passages  of  Scrip- 
ture from  which  that  language  is  formed  ; 
and  also  with  the  accompanying  recollec- 
tion that  it  is  children  who  are  to  be 
taught,  and  that  the  clearest  and  most 
direct  language  is  that  in  which  it  is  fitting 
that  explanations  which  are  to  remain  on 
the  memory  should  be  expressed.  This 
little  catechis.T.  has  been  introduced  into 
many  schools,  and  we  ^ave  seen  letters 
from  several  clergymen  speaking  of  it  in 
terms  of  high  praise. 

"  Dr.  O'  Sullivan's  remains  were  interred 
in  the  churchyard  at  Chapelizod.^' 


M.  Daouerrk. 

Aug,  10.  At  Petit  Brie,  near  Paris,  in 
his  63rd  year,  M.  Daguerre,  tlie  inventor 
of  the  Daguerreotype. 

He  first  distinguished  himself  as  a  scene 
painter,  by  the  lutppiness  of  bis  effects  of 
light  and  shade.    The  chapel  of  Glen* 


thorn,  at  tiie  Ambigu,  and  the  Rising  of 
the  Sun  in  "  Les  Mexicains,"  were  saluted 
by  the  audience  with  enthusiastic  applause. 
His  inventive  genius  then  erected  the 
Diorama.  Every  one  remembers  the  series 
of  enormous  pictures  of  cathedrals,  and  of 
Alpine  scenery,  producing  almost  the 
effect  of  illusion  upon  the  spectator,  and  ' 
diversified  by  magical  changes  of  light. 
These  were  brought  to  London,  and  the 
present  Diorama  in  the  Regent's  Park 
was  erected  for  their  exhibition. 

The  Daguerreotype  process  was  pub- 
lished by  him  in  the  autumn  of  1839,  speci- 
mens of  the  results  obtained  having  been 
exhibited  in  Paris  in  January  of  the  same 
year.  The  whole  of  Europe  were  asto- 
nished at  their  beauty,  and  every  one  ap- 
plauded the  liberality  of  the  French  go- 
vernment in  granting  to  Daguerre  a  pen-  ^ 
sion  of  6,000  francs  for  his  discovery.  Hii 
system  of  opaque  and  transparent  paint- 
ing was  published  by  the  French  govern- 
ment along  with  the  processes  of  the 
Daguerreotype. 

It  is  difficult  now  to  determine  how  far 
we  are  indebted  to  Niepce,  who  was  asso- 
ciated with  Beard  in  his  investigations,  for 
this  photographic  process;  but,  from  the 
evidences  which  we  have  of  the  scientific 
character  of  the  mind  of  Niepce,  and  the 
results  that  he  obtained — many  of  which 
are  still  preserved  in  this  country — it  is 
highly  probable  that  he  materially  aided 
in  contributing  to  their  success.  Daguerre 
not  only  hesitated  fairly  to  acknowledge 
the  aid  received  from  his  partner  and 
friend,  but,  not  content  with  the  reward 
he  had  received,  trafficked  for  patent 
rights  in  England,  thus  robbing  his  own 
liberal  country  of  **  the  glory  of  endowing 
the  world."  Others,  however,  have  ad- 
vanced his  invention.  When  Daguerre 
published  his  process,  it  required  twenty 
minutes  to  take  a  view.  Now  a  portrait 
can  be  taken  in  five  seconds. 


Mr.  B.  p.  Gibbon. 

July  28.  In  Albany  Street,  Regent's 
Park,  in  his  49th  year,  Mr.  Benjamin 
Phelps  Gibbon,  engraver. 

He  was  son  of  the  late  Rev.  B.  Gibbon, 
Vicar  of  Penally,  Pembrokeshire,  and  wai 
educated  in  the  Clergy  Orphan  School. 
Indicating  at  an  early  age  a  taste  for  art, 
he  was  articled  to  the  late  Mr.  Scriveni 
the  eminent  chalk  engraver,  with  whom 
he  served  his  time.  At  the  conclusioB  of 
his  engagement,  being  desirous  of  making 
himself  acquainted  with  the  style  of  line- 
engraving,  he  placed  himself  under  Mr. 
Robinson,  with  whom  he  attained  such 
proficiency  that,  in  a  short  period,  he  was 
in  a  position  to  undertake  several  con- 
siderable platee,  and  was  eminently  sac-* 


440 


Clergy  Deceased. 


[Oct 


cessful  in  their  execution.  The  majority 
of  these  are  from  the  works  of  Sir  Edward 
Landseer  ;  and,  among  those  occurring  to 
our  recollection,  we  may  mention  "  The 
Twa  Dogs,"  "  Suspense,'*  "  The  Jack  in 
Office,"  "  The  Fireside  Party,"  *'  There's 
no  Place  like  Home,"  and  **  The  Wolf 
and  the  Lamb,"  after  Mulready.  Some 
of  his  plates  are  engraved  in  line,  and 
others  in  a  mixed  style.  Mr.  Gibbon, 
however,  took  a  deeper  interest  in  por- 
traits than  subject  pictures,  although  he 
did  not  engrave  many,  one  of  the  princi- 
pal being  a  full  length  of  the  Queen.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  he  was  busily  en- 
gaged upon  a  large  plate,  after  Webster's 
well-known  picture  of  '*  The  Boy  with 
many  l^riends,"  and  there  is  little  doubt 
that  the  assiduity  with  which  he  laboured 
to  bring  forward  this  work,  and  his 
anxiety  to  do  the  subject  justice,  for  his 
own  reputation's  sake  and  that  of  the 
painter,  hastened  his  death  in  the  prime 
of  manhood.  The  style  of  his  engraving 
is  marked  by  exceeding  carefulness  and 
delicacy  ;  it  occasionally  lacked  vigour, 
but  it  is  sound  and  altogether  free  from 
the  trickery  of  his  art. 

We  had  the  pleasure  of  knowing  Mr. 
Gibbon  personally  for  many  years,  and 
can  bear  testimony  to  the  sterling  quali- 
ties of  his  heart,  and  his  amiable  dispo- 
sition. He  was  unmarried,  but,  never- 
theless, was  "  a  father  to  the  fatherless,'' 
several  orphan  children  of  his  deceased 
relatives  having  found  in  him  a  liberal  and 
kind  protector. — Art  Journal, 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

June  20.  At  Montrcuil,  Ni»nnan(ly,  the  Rev. 
Matthew  OaUye  Lamotte,  eldest  Kon  of  the  late 
AlcxaiKler  CJallye  Lamotto,  c-mi.  of  Tiverton. 

Juiui  24.  In  Texas,  the  lie  v.  Richard  lidcocl-^ 
IiicunilKjnt  of  Wurrtlow,  St«tT<ird.shire  (Ih27),  and 
formerly  of  St.  John's  coll.  Canib.  B.A.  1S22.  Ho 
died  of  cholera,  and  hi;*  wife,  Ilarriet-SIillieent,  on 
the  following  day. 

Jum'  30.  At  tihazecpore,  ajjed  30,  the  IIcv. 
WiWiiin  Afortinur  Dijnc^  Chaplain  Hon.  E.I.  Co.'s 
service. 

Awj.  13.  At  the  Ankcrhill,  near  ^[oninonth, 
affed  63,  the  Kev.  Matthew  Henry  Jows^  D.D.  Hector 
of  Llanthewy  Skerrid,  a  nia^strate  for  the  connties 
of  Monnionth  and  Hereford,  and  for  many  years 
chairman  of  the  Monmouth  Board  of  (iuaVdianH. 
He  wan  of  Queen's  coll.  Camh.  IJ.A.  1825,  M.A. 
182H,  D.D.  1840;  and  wivs  pre.Ncntod  to  hi.H  living 
in  1833. 

Awj.  14.  At  (Jlenvillo,  eo.  Cork,  the  Very  Kev. 
Edirard  Umtavtn  Hudson,  M.A.  I)cim  of  Armagh, 
to  which  dignity  he  was  preferre<l  in  lft41. 

Aui/.  ir>.  At' Hull,  aged  K2,  the  Kev.  f/eonje 
liwfj.  Rector  of  Wllsford,  Line.  (1S4I0.  He  was 
of  St.  John's  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  ITiW. 

Auij.  17.  At  Teignmouth,  aged  71»,  the  Rev. 
./•>Am  lluisJi,  of  Kxeter.  He  wa-s  of  Brazenow*  col- 
lege, oxford,  B.A.  17y3,  M.A.  I"y7. 

Au{i.  IH.  At  WimlK>urne  MinNter,  Dorset,  aged 
r.5,  tile  Rev.  Jaines  Mayo,  Vicar  of  Avebnry,  Wilts 
(lK23),and  for  many  yeant  Head  Master  of  the 
free  (iraiumar  School  ut  Wimboamc. 

13 


Aug.  22.  At  Carnarvon,  aged  BS,  the  Rev.  John 
Daru/s,  M.A.  of  Coppy  Hall,  near  Walsall. 

At  Over  Worton,  Oxfordshire,  aged  3S,the  Rev. 
William  Davis  WOson,  Vicar  of  Farlngdon,  Berks. 
He  was  of  Wadham  college,  Oxford,  BJL.  1841, 
M.A.  1843,  and  was  presented  to  Faringdon  in 
1849  by  the  trustees  of  tlie  Rer.  C.  Kmeon. 

Autj.  25.  Aged  84,  the  Rev.  Robert  Crout,  of 
Long  I^ngton,  near  Blandfbrd. 

Aug.  27.  In  the  Close,  Uchfleld,  in  his  60th 
>'ear,  the  Rev.  Spencer  MatUm^  Canon  ResidentlarT 
of  that  cathedral,  and  Vicar  of  Batfaeaston  and 
Twerton,  Somersetshire.  He  was  the  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  Spencer  Madan,  DJ>.  Chancellor  oi 
Peterborough,  Canon  of  Lichfield,  aomettme  Rec- 
tor of  St.  Philip's  Birmingham,  and  afterwards  of 
Thorp  Constantine,  co.  StalVnd,  by  Henrietta, 
daughter  of  William  Inge,  esq.  of  Thorp  Constan- 
tine. His  father  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Right 
Rev.  Spencer  Madan,  D.D.  Lord  Bishop  of  Pefer- 
borough,  by  Lady  Charlotte  Comwallis,  second 
daughter  of  Cliarlos  first  Earl  Comwallis;  and 
the  Bishop  was  the  second  son  of  Ocdonel  Ifartin 
Madan,  M.P.  for  Bridport.  by  Jodtth,  daughter  of 
Spencer  Cowper,  cmi.  brother  to  Lwd  Chancellor 
Cowi)er;  whence  tlie  fiunily  name  of  Spencer. 
The  gentleman  now  deceased  was  of  Christ 
church,  Oxford,  B.A.  1816,  M.A.  1818  ;  was  pre- 
ferrod  to  a  prebend  of  Lichfield  in  1817,  to  the 
>icarage  of  Batheaston  in  1824  by  Christ  chnrdi, 
and  to  Twerton  in  1825  by  Oriel  college. 

Aug.  28.  At  Knaresborongh,  in  his  77th  year, 
the  Rev.  Andrew  Cheap.  Vicar  of  that  place,  to 
which  he  succeeded  on  tlie  death  of  his  ancle  of 
the  Mame  name  in  the  year  1804,  on  die  nomination 
of  his  relative  the  Karl  of  Rosslyn.  He  ffWA  en- 
tered at  Magdalene  liall,  Oxford,  bnt  sfterwarda 
migrated  to  Cambridge,  when  ho  took  the  degree 
of  LL.B.  in  1806.  In  1809  he  waa  presented  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor  to  the  rectory  of  ElTington 
in  the  same  county,  wliich  he  resigned  in  1841. 
He  belonged  to  wluit  is  usually  termed  the  Ermn- 
gelical  section-  of  tho  Church,  and  was  exceed- 
ingly ]>opular.  In  a  memorial  firam  his  pa- 
rishioners presented  since  his  death  to  the  Bishop 
of  Ripon,  praying  fiir  the  apiiointment  of  a  mi- 
nister of  corresiK>ndent  principles  (and  which  has 
been  ans>^-ercd  by  the  collation  of  the  Rer.  James 
Fawcett,  Terp.  Curate  of  Woodhonse,  Leeds), 
they  have  reprcHentod  tliat  under  his  Influence 
"  the  position  of  the  Church  of  England  has  been 
fltrenifthened  among  us,  respect  has  been  largdy 
gained  for  her  doctrines,  ordinances,  and  wor- 
Hhip ;  education  amongst  onr  poor  has  been  ad- 
vanced ;  true  religion  has  graatly  prospered.'* 
Mr.  Cheap  married  Miss  Foster,  a  id^er  ^  Mm. 
Stevens,  whose  name  is  well  known  as  an  author 
on  religions  subjeirts.  His  fhneral  was  attended 
by  a  ver>'  large  concourse,  anumg  whom  ¥rere 
more  than  twenty  of  tlie  neighbouring  clergy. 

The  Rev.  Januis  MoeJtter,  one  of  the  Ylcars. 
Choral  of  the  cathedral  of  Llsmorc,  and  Rector  of 
Kilronan,  co.  Watcrford.  He  married  Aug.  14, 
1839.  Klizabeth-Bolton,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late 
Jlcv.  BenJ.  Jones,  of  Chormonth,  Dorset. 

Aug.  29.  At  Penrith,  Cumberland,  aged  S5, 
the  Rev.  Thomas  lileaymire^  Perp.  Curate  of  Stony 
Stratford,  Berks  (1849).  He  was  of  Trinity  coll. 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1H38. 

Latily.  The  Rev.  It.  L.  FUzOibbon,  D J>.  Rector 
of  Killeagh,  co.  Cork,  and  Chaplain  to  tlio  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland. 

At  the  residence  of  the  Rev.  Archdeacon  WO- 
Itcrforce,  Burton  Agnes,  Yurkshire,  the  Rev.  D. 
T.  Ledijard,  \'icar  of  Lea,  Uncolnshire. 

nic  Rev.  IJfnry  iriffori^Ady,  Rector  of  Frampton 
Cotterell.  Glouc.  (1841).  He  waa  of  Christ's  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  B.A.  1804,  M.A.  1807. 

Hrjtt.  1.  At  Shenley,  Herts,  aged  73,  the  Rer. 
Thoinas  Xewcome,  Vicar  of  Tottenham,  MIddleaex, 
and  K.S.A.  He  was  tho  last  male  repreientatire 
of  a  family  whose  descent  fhmi  the  rdgn  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  will  be  found  in  Clntterlmck's  VMarj 
of  Uertfordahlrc,  vol.  i.  p.  486.    Tliey  bave  been 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


441 


almost  wholly  ministers  of  the  Churcli  of  England. 
His  grandfether  and  his  uncle,  both  named  Peter, 
were  Rectors  of  Shenley ;  and  the  latter  was  the 
author  of  the  History  of  St.  Alban'a  Abbey,  1793, 
4to.  His  fiatlier  was  the  Kev.  Henry  Newcome, 
Incumbent  of  Gresford  and  Castle,  co.  Denbigh  ; 
and  hia  mother  was  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  Kev. 
Thomas  Hughes.  He  was  of  Queen's  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1799,  M.A.  1825,  and  was  pre- 
sented by  his  fi»ther  to  the  rectory  of  Shenley 
Jan.  7,  1802,  upon  the  resignation  of  his  grand- 
father the  Kev.  Thomas  Uughea ,  who  luid  held  it 
from  the  time  of  his  uncle's  death  in  1797.  In 
1824  he  was  presented  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter 
of  St.  Paul's  to  the  vicarage  of  Tottenham,  and  he 
resigned  Shenley  in  1849. 

^pt.  4.  At  Brighton,  aged  39,  the  Kev.  Charles 
Dunloji,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Henfleld,  Sussex  (1849). 
He  wa.s  of  Pembroke  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1836, 
M.A.  1843. 

Aged  43,  the  Rev.  Herbert  Charles  Marshy  M.A. 
Rector  of  Bamack  and  Canon  of  Peterborough. 
He  was  one  of  the  sons  of  the  late  Right  Rev. 
Herbert  Jiarsh,  Lord  Bishop  of  Peterborough.  He 
was  of  St.  John's  coll.  Cambridge,  B.A.  1830,  M.A. 
1833 ;  was  collated  to  Bamack  by  his  father  in 
1832,  and  to  his  prebend  in  1833. 

Sept.  8.  At  Homburg,  Germany,  aged  57,  the 
Rev.  Joseph  John  Freeman,  one  of  the  Secretaries 
of  the  London  Missionary  Society. 

Sept.  11.  At  Shepherd's  Bu.sh,  Middlesex,  aged 
70,  the  Rev.  Christopher  D'Oiiley  Aplin,  Perp. 
Curate  of  Stanle>',  Yorkshh-e  (1844).  He  was  of 
Lincoln  coll.  Oxford,  B.A.  1804,  M.A.  1806. 

At  Worcester,  aged  84,  the  Rev.  Oeorge  Boras- 
ton,  formerly  Rector  of  Broughton  Hacket,  Wore. 
He  was  of  Queen's  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1791 ,  M.A. 
1793 ;  was  presented  to  Broughton  Hacket  in  1794 
by  the  Lord  Chancellor  ;  and  resigned  it  in  1843. 

At  Rushbury,  Shropshire,  the  Rev.  Matthew 
Yatman  Starkie,  liector  of  that  place,  and  Perp. 
Curate  of  Cher  Darwen ,  Lane .  He  was  the  young- 
est son  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Starkie,  Vicar  of 
lilnckhuni ;  and  brother  to  the  late  Thomas 
Starkie,  es<i.  Q.C.  Downing  Professor  of  Law  at 
Cambridge.  He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Cam- 
bridge, LL.B.  1810;  was  instituted  to  Over  Dar- 
wen in  1815,  and  to  Rushbury  in  1818. 

At  Yurborough,  Line.  age<l  44,  the  Rev,  John 
Crosby  Umplehy,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  Curate 
of  Holton-le-Clay.  He  was  of  Queen's  college, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1833.  He  shot  himself  tlirough 
the  head  in  his  ganlen,  and  a  coroner's  inquest 
ascertained  that  he  had  l)een  for  some  days  la- 
Iwuring  under  mental  aberration.  He  was  son  of 
the  Rev.  John  l.'mpleby,  formerly  Rector  of  Yar- 
borouirh,  who  died  in  1839. 

Sept.  12.  At  Hastings,  age<l  47,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Chicheky  Mirhell,  Perp.  Chirate  of  Baddesley  and 
Curate  of  Lymington,  Hants.  He  was  of  Queen's 
college,  Cambridge,  B.A.  1828,  M.A.  1832. 

Sept ,14.  At  Walmer ,  aged  60,  the  Rev.  Edtcard 
Pfttinan,  Chaplain  of  H.  M.  Dockyard,  Chatham. 
He  was  of  Trinity  college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1818, 
M.A.  183«. 


DEATHS, 

ARRA.NOED  IN  CHRONOLOGICAL  ORD£R. 

May  5.  On  his  passage  A*om  Calcutta,  retired 
Commander  James  Henry  Johnston,  R.N.  (1830), 
late  Comptroller  of  Steamers  of  the  E.  I.  (Com- 
pany's service.  He  entered  the  royal  navy  1803, 
on  board  the  Spartiate  74,  in  which  he  was  present 
in  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  In  Oct.  1809  he  re- 
moved to  the  Ocean  98,  the  flagship  of  Lord  Col- 
lingwood,  who  in  the  following  Dec.  nominated 
him  Lieutenant  in  the  (^nopus  80,  in  which  he 
was  confirmed  by  the  Admiralty  Feb.  16,  1810. 
JIc  afterwards  served  in  the  Kite  sloop,  and  in 
Jan.  1813  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the 
Quail  schooner ;  afterwards  again  to  the  Kite,  and 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


to  the  Leveret  10.    He  liad  been  on  half-pay  of 
the  royal  navy  since  July,  1815. 

May  12.  Off  the  river  Pongas,  on  the  west  coast 
of  Africa,  Lieut.  Edw.  Hill  (1843),  commanding 
II.M.  brigantine  Spy ;  son  of  the  late  Vicc-Adm. 
Henry  Hill. 

May  14.  At  Bishopsteignton,  at  the  house  of 
the  Kev.  George  Hele,  Miss  Jane  Emily  Wyse, 
neice  to  Major  Ellison,  of  Bolton  Hall,  Line.  She 
died  very  suddenly  soon  after  returning  from  an 
archery  meeting;  and,  three  months  after  her 
death,  her  body  was  exhumed,  and,  after  the  con- 
tents of  the  stomach  had  been  analy^  by  Mr. 
Ilerapath  of  Bristol,  a  coroner's  Jury  returned  as 
their  verdict  that  she  died  from  taking  essential 
oil  of  almonds,  but  whether  with  the  intention  of 
putting  an  end  to  her  life  they  could  not  say. 

May  22.  Drowned,  by  the  upsetting  of  a  boat, 
in  Simon's  Bay,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  on  which 
station  he  had  served  five  yeax%^  aged  21,  Midship- 
man Samuel  H.  Pendleton,  H.M.S.  Orestes.  The 
Commodore  and  officers  of  the  whole  squadron  on 
the  station,  consisting  of  five  vessels  of  war,  accom- 
panied his  remains  to  their  last  resting-place, 
where  his  brother  officers  propose  erecting  a  tomb 
to  his  memory. 

May  30.  On  his  passage  to  England,  aged  46, 
C^pt.  John  Seager,  Madras  Inf.  youngest  son  of 
the  late  Mark  Seager,  esq.  merchant,  of  Poole. 

May  31.  At  Edinburgh,  Lieut.-0)1 .  Hugh  Mac- 
gregor,  late  of  63d  regt.  He  entered  the  service 
1804,  served  in  the  Penhisula  1812,  was  present  at 
the  siege  of  Badajoz,  the  capture  of  Madrid,  and 
the  battle  of  Salamanca.  He  had  received  the 
war-medal  v>-\i\\  one  clasp. 

June  4.  At  Hampstead,  Capt.  Wm.  Ambrose 
Pendar,  62d  regt.  He  entered  the  service  1829, 
became  Lieut.  1833,  and  Capt.  1838. 

June  6.  At  Dublin,  MaJor-(jlen.  Henry  Bowdler, 
Madras  army.  He  was  a  cadet  of  1797,  Colonel  of 
the  21st  N.  Inf.  1835,  Major-General  1838. 

June  9.  At  Hoddesdoil,  aged  66,  Lieut.-Ck>l. 
David  Marley,  R.M.  He  served  in  the  Dread- 
nought 98  at  Trafalgar.  He  was  placed  on  the 
full-pay  retired  list  in  1841. 

June  16.  On  his  passage  to  Queenstown,  aged 
41,  Lieut.  John  Bevis  Massie  (1838),  First  Lieut. 
of  H.M.S.  Ajax.  He  was  brother  to  Capt.  T.  L. 
Massie,  R.N.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1823,  and 
had  been  almost  ever  since  in  active  service, 

June  19.  At  Malta,  Paymaster  '^^Iliam  Doran, 
76th  regt.  He  was  appointed  Ensign  1833,  Lieut. 
1st  W.  India  regt.  1836,  Captain  1843,  and  Pay- 
master  March,  1844. 

June  25.  On  his  way  from  Nnsseerabad  to  Bom- 
bay, William  Eastfleld  Wilkinson,  esq.  21st  Bom- 
bay N.  I.  son  of  the  late  Rev.  M.  Wilkinson,  Rec- 
tor of  Redgrave  and  Nowton,  Suffolk. 

JunelA.  At  Broadstone,  Stranraer,  John  Murray, 
Ph.  D.,  F.L.S.,  fcc.  author  of  "  Truth  of  Revela- 
tion," and  many  scientific  works. 

July  3.  At  Bath,  aged  84,  Greneral  John  Suli- 
van  Wood,  Lieutenant  of  the  Tower  of  London. 
He  was  made  Major  in  the  21st  Light  Drag. 
1795 ;  Lieut.-Col.  in  the  army  17% ;  in  the  8m 
Drag.  1808 ;  Colonel  in  the  army  1805 ;  M^or- 
Creneral  1810.  When  holding  that  rank  he  was 
for  some  time  on  the  staff  in  the  East  Indies,  and 
was  actively  employed  in  the  Nepaul  war.  He 
became  Lient.-CIeneral  1819,  and  (General  1837. 

July  6.  At  Fermanagh,  aged  107,  Peggy  Ka- 
vanagh,  who  retained  all  her  faculties  to  the  last. 
The  youngest  of  her  fomlly,  a  man  of  70,  still  sur- 
vives her. 

At  St.  Alban's,  F.  C.  Osbaldeston,  esq.  coroner 
for  the  western  division  of  the  county  of  Hertford. 

July  11.  At  Dover,  aged  65,  O)lonel  Robert 
Thompson,  K.H.,  R.  Eng.  He  entered  the  service 
1804,  served  in  Nova  Scotia  in  1806-11,  and  at  the 
capture  of  Martinique  in  1809,  for  which  he  re- 
ceived the  silver  war  medal  with  one  clasp.  He 
was  commanding  engineer  with  the  expedition  on 
the  nortli  coast  of  Spain,  at  the  blockade  of  San- 
tona,  in  1812.    He  served  in  Holland  and  tbo 

3L 


442 


Obituary. 


[Oet 


Netherlands  in  181S-15,  and  in  1814  was  com- 
manding cnt^nc'cr  in  the  expedition  nnder  l^lajor 
Gibbs,  for  the  reduction  of  Fort  Baatz  in  South 
Bevcland.  From  1830  to  1836  he  was  command^ 
ing  enffineor  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  includinff 
the  Kuflr  war  of  183.'»,  during  which  he  received 
the  repeated  thanks  of  Sir  BenJ.  D'Urban,  the 
Comm<mder>in-chief,  in  general  orders. 

At  Hnntingdon,  aged  78.  John  Whltwell,  estj. 
late  of  Great  Stukeley. 

Julti  15.  At  La  Chartreuse,  near  Pau,  Mrs. 
Anne'  Caroline  Drake,  of  Norwich,  the  ^nffe  of 
Charles  Buiiuon,  cv).  formerly  of  Mansion-house- 
st.  and  Nottingham-place. 

July  16.  At  Ross,  CO.  Hereford,  aged  67,  Capt. 
Kingsmill  Ernns,  formerlr  of  Grenadier  Guards. 

Julti  19.  At  Bath,  MMjor  John  Kitson,  late  of 
the  6'2nd  Regt.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Mi^or 
1830,  and  wait  appointe<l  to  the  G2nd  in  Feb.  1840. 

Julfi  20.  At  Cambrai,  aged  83,  Mgr.  de  Latour 
d'Aiivergne  -  Lauraiiguais,  Cardinal  Bishop  of 
Arras  (180*2).  He  ^-hm  bom  at  Auzeville  in  the 
diocese  of  Tonloasc ;  crented  a  cardinal  of  the 
order  of  priests  in  1829 ;  and  was  the  senior  Bishop 
In  France. 

Jubi'iX.  Aged  6,  Rebecca,  third  dan.  and  on 
the  2ftth,  aged  4,  Thomas,  son  of  W.  W.  Branford, 
esq.  of  Godwick,  Norfolk. 

Juhj  22.  Aged  04,  John  Hope  Maclean,  &$q. 
formerly  collector  of  her  Mj^Jestv's  customs  tor  the 
port  of  Wisbech. 

July  23.  At  Ipswicli,  aged  70,  Thomas  Eade, 
esq.  late  of  Cotton. 

July  24.  Aged  7 i ,  Richard  Finch,  esq.  of  Head- 
ington,  near  Oxford. 

At  Jamaica,  bv  a  fiill  flrom  his  liorK,  which  had 
taken  firight  during  a  Mvere  thunder  storm,  aged 
25,  BeiiJ.  H.  Tharp,  esq.  of  Hampton,  one  of  her 
Mjije«*tj''ij  Justices  of  the  peace  fbr  that  ioland. 

Juhj  27.  At  Exeter,  Henry  HIgginbotham,  esq. 
formerly  of  Dublin. 

At  North  BarHliam  rectorj',  Norfolk,  Sarah,  wife 
of  the  Rev.  J.  C.  Platteu. 

July  28.  Aged  67,  Roger  Hcaru,  esq.  of  Brad- 
fleld  St.  George,  Suffolk. 

At  Ipswich,  aged  73,  John  Thoma-*  Primro»o. 
esq.  40  years  surgeon  at  Wrentham,  Suffolk. 

July  29.  Ellen,  wife  of  J.  H.  Cooper.  e>q.  ol 
Lnccombo-chine,  Isle  of  Wight,  and  dau.  of  C. 
Burls,  esq.  of  Bridge-st.  Blackfriar.s. 

July  30.  In  Portland  vUlas,  aged  72,  Cupt.  Abel 
Wantner  Thomas,  R.N.  He  entered  the  uu^y  as 
mld.shlpman  on  board  the  Argo  44,  in  1793."  In 
17y«>  he  was  in  tlie  Victorious  74,  when,  together 
with  tlie  Arrogant  of  the  Mme  force,  she  fought  six 
French  frigates  off  Sumatra,  and  had  u  losa  of  17 
kille<1  and  hi  wounded.  He  wa-i  made  Lieut.  1800, 
and  in  1803  commanded  the  Grappler  gun-lnig, 
wlilch  was  destroyed  near  Granville,  and  iier  crew 
carried  prisoners'  to  Verdun.  Mr.  Thoman  him- 
self was  severely  wounded  In  the  mouth.  On  his 
return  at  tlic  peace  ho  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Commander,  and  allotted  by  the  Patriotic  So- 
ciety a  pension  of  ISW.  per  annum. 

July  31 .  At  Brooklyn,  U.S.  aged  76, Mr.  James 
Frost,  formerly  of  Norwich,  England,  a  member 
of  tlic  Society  of  Civil  Engineers,  and  inventor  of 
several  n**eful  diwcovcries,  umongot  whicli  U  an 
improved  aiiplication  of  heated  steam .  Mr.  Front 
considered  tlii.s  a  new  element,  and  gives  it  in  his 
patent  tlie  name  of  "  Stame." 

At  Lowe:«toft,  aged  G7,  M.  Riehacdson  Roc,  esq. 

Autf.  2.  At  StourK'ombc  Honwe,  near  Launce^- 
ton,  aged  70,  Capt.  Sanmel  Burgess,  R.N.  He 
was  one  of  the  >«ons  of  Comm.  Wm.  Burge.ss,  R.N. 
who  died  in  1H40,  in  his  89th  year ;  and  hi»  only 
brother,  a  Lieut.  R.N.  died  in  17%.  serving  on 
l)Ottni  H.M.S.  Matilda.  He  was  with  his  fiither 
(the  First  Lieut.)  in  the  Impregnable  9H,  in  the 
Imttle  of  the  1st  June,  1794;  was  made  Lieut. 
1709,  and  in  18(H)  Fir>t  of  the  Sylph  18.  In  18a') 
ho  was  hi  the  lYince  98,  at  Trafalgar.  In  181-'')  he 
was  upixfinted  to  tlie  Boyne  UH,  tho  flag-ship  of 
Lord  Kxuiouth  in  tlic  Mediterranean ;  and  in  1616 


he  became  flag-Lient.  of  thtt  QaMn  Chirlottt  100, 
in  which  he  served  at  the  reductlOB  of  Alfften. 
He  was  in  conseqaence  made  Conmiandar  lilO, 
and  appointed  to  the  Alert  IB.  In  liSO  he  ww 
posted  into  the  Warspite  89,  and  In  Vor.  1680  be 
a.ssumed  the  command  of  the  Thetli  ftlgite  at  Rio 
Janeiro,  which  a  few  davs  after  wee  vrecked  en  a 
rock  at  C^pe  Frio.  He  had  sabteqoentlT  km  on 
half.pay.  He  married  In  1605  EUnbeth,  tnAr 
ter  of  C^pt.  Isaac  Cotgrave,  R.N.  end  dM  a 
widower. 

Aug.  8.  At  Slierbrooke,  Canada,  RcAert  Wil- 
liam Godfrey,  esq. 

Aged  78,  >Villiam  Underwood,  esq.  of  Castle- 
hill,  Bakewell,  a  magistrate  fin-  DeriTilibe. 

WlUiam  Willshire,  esq.  Bntlah  Oonittl  at  Adri- 
anople.  He  was  fbrmeiiT  attached  to  tin  Mttle- 
ment  of  Mogador.  in  Barbery. 

Ang.  0.  At  the  residence  of  her  ilater  Mn. 
Adey,  relict  of  Major  Adey,  Wootton-ondcr-Edge, 
aged  75,  Miss  Maria  Autttn. 

At  Gravesend,  while  in  a  warm  bath,  Maria,  4th 
dau.  of  the  late  Nehemiah  Hartley,  eao.  of  BrWoL 

Aug.  6.  At  Northampton,  aged  71,  Ftanece 
Sophia  Rowell,  second  dau.  of  the  lata  Jamca 
Rowell,  esq.  formerly  of  Castle  Aahbjr. 

Aug.  8.  At  Bafford  House,  Chariton  KlBff|k, 
near  Cheltenham,  the  residence  of  bcr  nndt  air 
David  Leighton,  Clara-Mary,  yonngest  dan.  of  A. 
Fletcher  Davidson,  esq.  on  the  Rerenne  Bmrtr, 
Ahmednuggur,  B(nnhay. 

At  Islington,  aged  77,  Thomas  Robertson,  tor- 
geon  R.N. 

At  Burr  St.  Edmund's,  Frances,  rriiet  of  Robert 
Ruihbrooke,  esq.  of  Rushorooke  Hall,  Snllblk,  and 
M.P.  for  the  western  divlakm  of  that  coonty.  flhe 
was  the  dau.  of  Sh*  Chartef  DaTen.  Bart,  waa 
married  in  1806,  and  left  a  widow  In  1840,  haTing 
had  issue  the  present  Mr.  Rnihbrooke,  two  otfaer 
sons  and  five  daughters  (Bee  the  memoir  of  bcr 
tinsband  in  our  vol.  xxiv.  p.  812.) 

At  Beaminster,  aged  SO,  Thomas  Banger  Riunll, 
jun.  CMi. 

Aged  66,  3Ir.  John  Swift,  aurltt,  of  Newtome, 
near  Huddersfleld.  Returning  tmn.  BbeflMd,  lie 
was  attacked  by  a  dog.  The  exertiona  be  nind, 
and  perhuns  excitement  together,  niitored  a 
biooil-ves.<«l.  Mr.  Swift  had  never  a  daj  of  sly- 
ness before,  and  was  extenatrelT  known  and 
e.»teemetl  in  HuU,  York,  Leeds,  Haltfla.  Roebdato, 
Bolton,  Preston,  Liverpool,  Manchester, and  Sbtf- 
fleld,  in  all  which  places  he  had  a  couldenbto 
practice. 

At  Batli,  Anne,  only  surviving  dan.  of  tbe  late 
Rev.  Thomas  Watson. 

.Tohn  Yates.  es(|.  of  Shclton,  Staif.  brotber^ln- 
law  of  Mr.  Aldennan  Copeland,  M.P. 

Aug.  9.  At  Edinburgh,  Manr-Liddell,  wift  of 
William  Seton  Cliarters,  esq.  M.D.,  H.E.LC.S. 

Aged  67,  Maria,  relict  of  J.  F.  Le  Cointe,  esq. 

At  Woolcombc  IIotum*.  near  Wellington,  Bom. 
aged  62,  Eliza,  wlfti  of  William  Crockett,  eso. 

At  Kensington-gore,  Lucy,  wife  of  MiOor  Suynt. 
imd  only  sunMving  dan.  of  the  late  J.  Ires,  esq.  oi 
St.  Catliarine's-hill.  near  Norwich. 

At  Caxton,  aged  34,  Jane,  wife  of  Henry  Mort- 
lock,  es^i.  solicitor. 

At  CroomVhill,  Blackheath,  Catherine,  flltb 
dau  of  the  late  (tcorge  Randell,  esq. 

At  Islington,  at  an  advanced  age,  Thomas  Ro* 
)>erison,  esq.  hurgeon  R.N.  Ho  entered  tba  ser- 
vice as  Asaistant-Surgeon  June  SO,  1794,  and 
sen-ed  in  the  Europe  and  Flying  Flib  at  tbe  cm^ 
tnro  (if  Port-an-Prince  in  1794 ;  fai  the  D«dalns  in 
the  attack  on  Goree ;  and  in  the  Sirlns  In  OsMer^ 
action  and  at  Trafalgar.  While  In  tbe  Leopard 
he  had  the  charge  of  the  Hospital  at  Hocba,  and 
he  was  the  principal  founder  of  tbe  Seamen's 
Ho^pital  Ship  in  the  Thames. 

Drowned,  while  bathing  at  Ramsgatt,  aged  64, 
John  Shirlc}'.  HIm  1(ms  is  deeply  legirttcd  \if  bis 
employers,  S.  Mordan  and  Co.  of  the  Cltjr-road,  In 
whose  service  he  had  lived  as  iDreman  fiv  80  years. 

At  Blenheim-lodge,  St.  Jobn's-wood,  agad  W, 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


443 


William  Taylor,  youngest  son  of  G.  T.  Taylor,  esq. 
of  Feathcrston-boildlnf^,  and  Cookliam,  Berks. 

In  Hanover-terr.  Kensington-park,  aged  39, 
Marianne,  third  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Ricliard  ToisTisend.esq.  of  Speen,  Berks. 

Aug.  10.  At  Buxton,  aged  G9,  Mary- Ann,  widow 
of  William  Bentham,  esq.  F.9.A.  of  Upper  Gower- 
st.  who  died  in  1837  (Aee  our  vol.  viii.  p.  434). 

At  Cheltenham,  Mias  Anna  Delancey,  dau.  of 
the  late  James  Delancey,  esq. 

At  the  house  of  her  father,  the  Rev.  Christopher 
Woollacott,  Compton-st.  East,  Brunswick^sq.  aged 
Sl.Mrs.  R.  C.  Ekins. 

At  Commercial-wharf,  Mile-end-road,  aged  73, 
John  Gardner,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  aged  32,  Richard  Brock  Hatt,  esq.  of 
Canada. 

In  Harley^t.  aged  65,  Sarah,  wifb  of  William 
Hobson,  esq. 

At  Seaforth,  near  Liverpool,  aged  2i,  Edward 
Henry  Parrey,  nephew  of  Capt.  E.  J.  Parrey,  R.N. 
and  grandson  of  the  late  Capt.  Robert  Parrey,  R.N. 

AtTeddUigton,  Middx.  aged  51,  Chs.  Muriel,  esq. 

At  Heidelberg,  Dr.  H.  E.  G.  Paulus,  Doctor  of 
Theology,  Philosophy,  and  Laws.  Dr.  Paulus  was 
bom  at  Lconburg,  near  Stuttgard,  in  1761.  He 
studied  chiefly  at  TUbingen,  but  visited  several 
other  universities  in  Germany,  Holland,  and  Eng- 
land. Whilst  at  Oxford,  in  the  year  1784,  he  was 
appointed  Professor  of  Oriental  Languages  at 
Jena,  chiefly  through  the  recommendation  of 
Griesbach.  In  1793  he  succeeded  to  the  theologi- 
cal chair,  and  continued  to  lecture  on  theology  at 
Jena,  Wurzburg,  and  lastly  at  Heidelberg,  above 
forty  years,  till  advancing  age  and  its  inflrmitie.s 
compelled  him  to  retire  from  public  duties. 

Auff.  11.  At  Mulling  Abbey,  Kent,  aged  19,  Mr. 
Edmund  Akers,  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,  third 
surviving  son  of  Aretas  Akers,  esq. 

Aged  74,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  Thomas  Anderson, 
esq.  of  Southampton-buildings,  Chancery-lane. 

In  Ridgmountopl.  Ampthill-sq.  aged  17,  Rosa- 
mond, youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Batty. 

At  Bayswater,  aged  90,  Sarah,  relict  of  Capt. 
Alexander  Cuming,  of  the  Hon.  E.I.Co.'s  Service. 

At  Sulham  House,  near  Reading,  Anne-Francee, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Archdeacon  Heathcote. 

Aged  09,  Thomas  Henncy,  esq.  of  Cheltenham, 
a  magistrate  for  the  county  of  Gloucester. 

Au'j.  \2.  At  Kensington,  Martha,  widow  of  the 
Rev,  John  Middleton,  Rector  of  St.  John's,  Ja- 
maica. 

At  Richmond,  Sun'ey,  aged  77,  Eleanor,  relict 
of  Thomas  Ward,  esq.  of  Dore  House,  and  dau.  of 
the  lute  Rev.  W.  Hudleston,  Rector  of  Hands- 
worth,  Yorksh. 

Aug.  13.  Aged  56,  Alice,  eldest  and  only  sur- 
nving  dau.  of  Jacob  Cfoodhart,  esq.  of  Manor 
House,  Tooting. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  Evan  Jones,  esq.  late  of 
Swansea. 

At  Haxby,  Edward,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Richard  P.  Strangways,  esq.  of  Bootham,  York. 

At  Burgh  Castle,  near  Great  Yarmouth,  aged 
20,  Thomas  SpiUing,  e«q.  late  of  Magdalene  Hall, 
Oxford. 

At  Upper  Walmer,aged  64,  Thomas  Taylor,  esq. 

Aug.  \A.  At  the  residence  of  her  son-in-law 
D.  Tulloch,  esq.  Kensington,  aged  79,  Rosalinda, 
relict  of  Chri.stophcr  Foss,  esq.  of  Portman -street. 

At  Durleigh  Kim,  Somerset,  aged  73,  W^illiam 
Gooding,  esq. 

At  Bath,  aged  72,  Charlotte,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Henry  Hinxmau,  Perp.  Curate  of  St.  Sampson's, 
CO.  of  Cornwall,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Rev. 
Caleb  Barfoot  Colton,'  Vicar  of  Shrivenham,  Berks, 
and  Canon  residentiary  of  Salisbury. 

At  Maidstone,  Mercy,  second  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  John  Hollams,  of  Otham. 

At  Bayswater,  Lydia,  relict  of  Capt.  Lyster,  3d 
Foot. 

At  Twickenham,  Bertha,  wife  of  the  Rev.  G.  B. 
Moxon,  Rector  of  Sandringham.  and  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  J.  U.  Browne,  of  uingham,  NorfbUc. 


At  Aldenham-wood,  Herts,  aged  78,  Charles  Ni- 
cholls,  esq. 

On  board  the  Indus,  between  Malta  and  Gibral- 
tar, Capt.  J.  P.  Sanders,  Indian  Navy,  late  Com- 
mander of  the  H.  C.  sloop  of  war  Elpbinstone,  and  ' 
senior  naval  officer  at  Aden. 

Aug.  15.  At  liis  residence,  Corstou,  aged  80, 
Samuel  Batchellor,  esq.  an  eminent  soUcitor  of 
Bath,  of  tjie  Arm  of  Batchellor,  Harford,  and 
Staunton. 

At  Limeriek,  John  Glasgow,  esq.  of  the  4th 
Dragoon  Guards,  eldest  son  of  Alex.  Glasgow,  esq. 
of  Auchinraith,  Lanarkshire. 

Aged  19,  Cecil-Cookesley-Hutchings,  son  of  C. 
G.  Heaven,  esq.  solicitor,  Bristol. 

Aged  53,  Catharine,  vMe  of  Charles  Jones,  esq. 
of  Victoria-road,  Kensington  New  Town. 

Off  Gravesend,  on  his  passage  home,  aged  25, 
Lieut.  Henry  Scroggs,  50th  M.N.I,  youngest  son 
of  the  late  Lieut.-Col.  Scroggs,  of  Standen,  Wilts. 

At  Preston,  Sussex,  aged  18,  Robert-Blackett, 
eldest  son  of  the  late  R.  B.  Walker,  esq.  surgeon, 
of  Curzon-st.  May  Fair,  and  of  Iflrs.  Walker,  of 
Connaught  House,  Brighton. 

Aged  58,  Thomas  Lupton,  esq.  of  Brompton. 

At  Ely,  aged  25,  Mr.  Robert  Macrow,alay  clerk 
in  the  cathedral. 

At  Carmarthen,  aged  19,  Charlotte-Augusta, 
tliird  dau.  of  Daniel  Prytherch,  esq. 

In  Addison-road,  Kensington,  Anna-Charlotte, 
wife  of  A.  M.  Ross,  esq. 

At  Upper  Clapton,  Lucy,  wife  of  Henley  Smith, 
esq. 

Aug.  16.  In  Chester-sq.  aged 85,  James  Bridge- 
ham,  esq.  late  of  the  Grove,  Jersey,  &c.  for  many 
years  Brigade  Major  of  Yeomanry  in  the  Sligo 
district. 

At  Tavistock,  aged  63,  Mrs.  Carter,  mother  of 
Mr.  Carter,  barrister. 

Aug.  16,  Aged  62,  Charlotte,  wife  of  Lionel 
D.  Eliot,  esq.  of  Wellington-road,  St.  John's-wood. 

In  Sloanc-st.  at  an  advanced  age,  Lieut.-Gen. 
Nathaniel  Forbes,  of  the  Madras  army.  He  was  a 
cadet  of  1782,  commanded  the  24th  N.  Infiintry, 
was  made  Major-General  in  1819,  and  Lient.- 
General  in  1837. 

Aged  10,  Lucy,  youngest  daughter  of  Mr.  Chaff. 
Le  Neve,  of  Sulfleld,  Norfolk. 

At  Bridgwater,  aged  41,  John  Parker,  esq. 

At  Walker,  near  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  aged 
.^8,  William  Pollard,  esq. 

Aged  76,  Thomas  Rodwell,  esq.  late  of  Little 
Saxham,  Suffolk. 

At  Winchester,  Blanch,  dau.  of  the  late  Thomaa 
Wodehouse,  e9i\.  of  Sennowe,  Norfolk. 

At  Clevedon,  Miss  Constable,  sister  of  the  late 
M.  Constable,  esq.  of  Bath. 

At  Bristol,  Elizabeth,  relict  of  BenJ.  Henderson, 
esq.  of  St.  Ann's,  Jamaica. 

At  Torquay,  aged  84,  Peter  Henwood,  esq. 
Purser,  R.N.  (1798). 

At  Kemp-town,  Brighton,  Christiana,  wifis  of 
John  W^ilson  Nicholson,  esq.  of  South  Lambetli 
and  Lime-st. 

At  Derrylnskan,  aged  55,  Anne,  wife  of  Col. 
Palliser. 

At  Stapleford  rectory,  Herts,  aged  26,  William 
Wolseley  Prowett,  younger  son  of  the  Rev.  Charles 
Prowctt. 

At  Frenchay,  Glouc.  aged  81,  Wm.  Tanner,  esq. 

Aug.  18.  At  Lisbum,  William  Coulson,  esq. 
one  of  the  most  eminent  linen  manufacturers  of 
Ulster,  and  Captain  of  the  Lisbum  corps  of  Yeo- 
manry. He  was  the  second  son  of  ytr.  William 
Coulson,  who  established  the  manufocture  of 
damasks  at  Lisburn  about  eighty  years  ago,  and 
who  died  in  1802. 

Aged  78,  John  Faithorn,  M.D.  of  Bath. 

At  Maidstone,  aged  78,  Elizabeth,  eldest  and 
last  surviving  dau.  of  William  Finch,  esq.  and  the 
last  of  the  ancient  &imily  of  Finch,  of  rinchden, 
near  Tenterden. 

Aged  21,  Charlotte,  only  child  of  the  late  James 
Fitzgerald,  esq.  of  Brompton,  Middlesex. 


444 


Obituary. 


[Oct 


In  Ilanover-terr.  RegcntVpork,  aged  73,  John 
Gibbons,  esq. 

'  At  Bedale,  afced  57,  William  Harker,  egq. 

Aged  36,  Robert  Hickson,  e»q.  J. P.  of  Ballin- 
taggart.  Dingle,  Kerry. 

At  llford,  E8i»ex,  aged  81,  Samuel  Houston,  esq. 
formerly  of  Great  St.  Helen'H. 

At  Swanage,  aged  48,  Thomas  Hunt,  eitq.  of 
Regent-st.  . 

At  Famham,  Surrey,  Christian,  wife  of  Capt.  J. 
T.  Talbot,  R.N.  She  was  the  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  Wra.  Kidd,  esq.  and  was  married  in  1833. 

Aug.  19.  At  Upper  HoUoway,  age*l  82,  Mar}', 
relict  of  Charles  Barrow,  esq.  and  grandmother  of 
Charles  Dickens,  esq. 

Aged  40,  Henry,  fourth  son  of  George  Ik)ult, 
esq.  of  Heigham,  Norf. 

At  Bootle,  near  Liverpool,  aged  48,  Henry 
Dowden,  esq. 

In  Hcathcote-st.  Mecklcuburgh-sq.  aged  70, 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  James  lline,  esq 

At  St.  JohnVwood,  aged  18,  Laura-Louisa, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Percival  Lewis,  esq.  of 
Downton  house,  Radnorshire. 

At  Brighton,  aged  83,  John  Lyall,  esq. 

In  Burton-crcsc.  aged  84,  Dr.  Paciflco,  a  direc- 
tor of  the  Atlas  Assurance  Company. 

Aug.  20.  At  Sandhurst,  aged  17,  Curtis,  third 
son  of  Charles  Bamett,  e-sq.  of  Stratton  Park,  Beds. 

At  the  (iTove,  Watford,  the  infant  dau.  of  the 
Earl  of  Clarendon. 

In  Queen-sq.  Bloomsburj',  agc<l  8G,  Dorothy, 
relict  of  Joseph  Collyer,  es<i. 

At  Wick,  Pershore,  aged  39,  Frances,  wife  of 
George  B.  Hudson,  e>q. 

At  Hill  house,  Newbury-,  aged  73,  George  Money, 
esq.  formerly  Master  in  Kquity,  Accountant-Gen. 
and  Keeper  of  the  Records  in  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Judicature  at  Calcutta.  He  was  the  third  son 
of  William  Money,  esq.  of  Much  Marcle,  co.  Ileref. 
by  Mary,  dau.  of  William  Webster,  ewi.  of  Stock- 
ton-upon-Toes.  He  married  in  1817  Pulcherio, 
dau.  of  Henri,  Maniuis  de  Bourln^l,  and  had  issue 
live  sons. 

At  West  CowcH,  Mary-Bennett,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
Wm.  Quekett,  Incumbent  of  Christ  Cliurch,  St. 
George's  in  the  East. 

In  Blomfleld-road,  Maida-liill,  Helen,  Mifo  of 
Da\id  Roxburgh,  esq. 

At  Dawlish,  aged  28,  Charlotte,  wife  of  John  W. 
Sparrow,  esq.  of  Penn  Hall,  StafT'onlsliire. 

At  Ruthin,  N.W.  aged  17,  Constanthie-Kdward, 
third  son  of  Nicholas  L.  Torre,  esti.  ofl^eamington, 
and  grandson  of  tlie  late  James  Torre,  e^i.  of 
Snydale  Hall,  Yorkshire. 

At  Foss  Bridge,  Chedworth,  Charles  Turk,  esq. 

At  Beverley,  a^ed  23,  Jane-Camcgie,  wife  of 
H.  Llewellyn  Williams,  esq.  M.D.  and  only  dau. 
of  the  late  John  King,  ami.  of  Spring-bank,  IJen- 
frewshire. 

Aug.  21.  In  East  India-road,  age<l  76,  Fruncis 
Henry  Beall,  enq.  surgeon  R.N.  (1798). 

At  Heathfleld-lodge,  Shirley,  near  Southampton, 
aged  67,  James  Bennett,  esq. 
In  Cambridge-terr.  aged  94,  Chas.  Bolden),  cmj. 

At  St.  Jamcs's-]>1.  aged  52,  Abraham  Bunbury, 
esq.  late  of  Clifton,  Bristol. 

At  Yarm,  Yorkith.  agv<i  22,  lKal>elUi,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  William  (iarbutt,  esq. 

In  St.  John*K-woo<l,  aged  74,  Edith,  widow  of 
Christopher  Harrison,  es<i. 

At  Pljnnouth,  agotl  72,  Dennis  Kingdon,  es<i.  of 
Petherwyn  Barton,  formerly  a  Major  of  the  80th 
Regt.  He  wa:i  the  sixth  and  youngest  son  of  tlio 
Rev.  John  Kingdon,  ]>atron  and  Rei*tor  of  Hols- 
worthy  and  other  churches,  by  Jane,  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  John  Hockin,  i>atron  and  Vicar  of  Okehanii»- 
ton,  and  married  Miss  Herring,  only  child  of  the 
Rev.  Leonard  Herring. 

Mary- Ann-Eleanor,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  R.  Lee, 
Rector  of  Stepney. 

In  Pimlico,  aged  8,  Emily-Coats,  dau.  of  George 
L.  ParroU,  esq.  R.N. :  and  on  the  aist,  ageil  19, 
James  Walter  Parrott,  R.N.  hU  son. 


Aged  58,  Jane,  wifiB  of  the  Ber.  WflUAm  Bayw, 
Rector  of  Tidcombe  Portion,  parish  of  TlTerton, 
Devon. 

Aged  89,  Mrs.  Mary  Sparrow,  of  Hlgh-tt.  Ken- 
sington. 

At  the  residence  of  his  8on4n-law  Gept.  Cong- 
don,  Woolwich,  aged  84,  J.  B.  Stone,  esq. 

Henry  Sndell,  esq.  of  Ashley  Honae,  Wilts. 
Whilst  conversing  with  some  gentlemen  at  the 
Queen's  Head  Inn,  at  Box,  be  saw  a  dog  spring  at 
Mr.  Lewis,  of  Colcme,  who  aimed  a  blow  at  it  with 
his  walking-stick,  but,  instead  of  striking  the 
animal,  struck  Mr.  Sudell's  hand.  Inflammation 
was  the  result,  and  mortification  took  plaoe.  Ver- 
dict, "  Accidental  death.** 

At  Portsmouth,  O.  H.  Way,  eaq.  aoUdtor. 

Aug.  22.  At  MUton-next-GraTeaend,  aged  76, 
Jane,  wife  of  Thomas  Blackbnm,  eaq. 

Jonathan  Browne,  esq.  of  the  Beaconi  Exmoath, 
and  of  Brighton,  Sussex. 

Aged  34,  T>Twhitt-Montagu,  eldest  son  of  Chaa. 
Cradock,  esq.  of  Burton-creac. 

At  Shroton,  near  Bhuidford,  aged  96,  Mrs.  ICary 
(.(Oddard. 

At  Muskham  Grange,  Notts,  aged  70,  Martha, 
wife  of  John  Handley,  esq. 

At  i>ark  Village  West,  Itegont's  Park,  aged  SS, 
Lieut.  Lidwell  Heathom,  Bombay  Art.  eldest  son 
of  Joseph  Lidwell  Heathom,  esq. 

At  Park-pl.  Regent's  Park,  aged  81,  M^or 
George  Langhinds,  13th  Royal  Veteran  Battalioa, 
and  formerly  of  the  74th  Foot,  in  which  he  eerred 
under  the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  India  and  the 
Peninsula. 

At  the  residence  of  Ids  father  Robert  Long,  esq. 
Dublin,  aged  304lobertLong,Jun.  barrister-at-law. 

In  Bemard-st.  Russell-aq.  Sarah-Ferguss<», 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Peter  G.  M'Donongb,  esq.  or 
Antigua. 

At  Norton  I^indsey,  John  Robert  Nason,  esq. 
late  M^or  47th  regt. 

At  Langton  Lodge,  Yorksh.  aged  84,  Jnlla,  relict 
of  Francis  Itcdfeam,  esq.  late  Hon.  E.l.C.S. 

At  Simdford,  near  Prees,  Salop,  in  her  SOth  year, 
Alcxina-Nisbet,  wife  of  Thomas  Hugh  Santibrd, 
eK<i.  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Charles  Lindsay,  snd 
nieio  of  the  Earl  of  Crawfbrd  and Balcarres.  She 
was  married  in  1849. 

In  Ixmdon,  aged  <iH,  Francis  Todd,  esq.  late  of 
Pendennis  Castle,  Cornwall. 

At  Lucca,  Henry,  son  of  the  late  iUjorJOen. 
Henry  Dunbar  Tolley,  C.B.  and  nephew  to  Loctl 
Viscount  Midleton. 

Aug.  23.  At  Bruton,  Somerset,  aged  64,  Anne, 
wife  of  John  Crouch,  ew]. 

In  (iroNvenor-st.  aged  7,  Francis-IIolfbrd,  only 
son  of  Licut.-Col.  Henry  Daniell,  Coldstream 
Guanbi. 

At  Hawkhurst,  aged  29,  Emily-Sarah,  last  aor- 
vivlng  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Ferris,  Vicar 
of  J>allhit;ton,  Sussex. 

At  Ronco,  near  (kmoa,  Francis,  third  son  of 

Lient.-Col. Thomas  Fothergill.ofRingthorp,  York- 
shire, in  the  prcsi'ncc  of  fib  father  and  only  sor- 
viving  brother. 

At  Hill  (harden,  Torr,  Devon,  aged  70, Miss  Ley. 

At  We>'mouth,  aged  77.  Wm.  MofEstt,  esq. 

At  the  BrownsiMid,  near  Ledbury,  Elizabeth, 
fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Webb,  esq.  of  Tld- 
diuKton-housc,  Stratford-on-Avon. 

In  Trevor-»(].  Knightiibridge,  aged  94,  EUsa- 
K'th,  relict  of  (ieorge  ^liittlngham,  esq.  of  Pic- 
cadilly. 

Aug.  24.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  3S,  William- 
Dixon,  third  son  of  Tliomas  Badger,  esq.  of  the 
Hill,  Dudley. 

At  llkley,  George-Fowler,  second  son  of  John 
Boyce,  eM|.  of  Anlaby,  near  Hull. 

At  Langport,  aged  84,  lUchard  Pople  Caines, 
esq.  Coroner  for  the  Western  District  of  Somerwt. 
He  was  one  of  the  oldest  public  ofBcers  of  the 
county  of  Somerset,  having  been  elected  to  the 
ofnce  of  Coroner  in  March,  1617.  He  was  the 
oldest  member  of  the  corporatioo  of  Langport, 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


445 


and  had  four  times  served  the  office  of  Chief  Ma- 
gistrate of  that  borough.  He  was  also  for  a  period 
of  25  years  General  Surveyor  of  the  Langport, 
Somcrton,  and  Castle  Cary  Turnpike. 

At  Mabledon,  Kent,  aged  79,  John  Deacon,  esq. 

Aged  14.  Henry-Harley,  eldest  surviving  son  of 
the  Rev.  Henry  Du  Cane,  of  the  Grove,  Witham, 
Essex. 

At  Bexhill,  the  wife  of  Moses  Felder,  cmi.  of  the 
Meads,  Eastbourne,  Sussex. 

At  Walworth,  aged  66,  Captain  William  Grint, 
R.N.  lately  promoted  to  the  Captains'  reserved 
half-pay  list.  He  entered  the  navy  in  1800,  and 
served  afloat  during  the  war  for  fourteen  years. 
He  ^'as  at  the  battle  of  Copenhagen  in  the  Ama- 
zon 38  ;  in  the  Courageux  74,  he  witnessed  the  sur- 
render of  St.  Lucia ;  in  the  Britannia  100,  he  was 
at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar,  and  was  acting  Lieute- 
nant at  the  capture  of  Cura^oa.  He  was  con- 
firmed a  Lieutenant  July,  1807,  and  served  in  the 
Anson  44,  Vulture  and  Hope  sloops,  Pompey  74, 
Zenobia  sloop,  and  for  a  few  weeks  commanded  a 
gun-boat.  In  the  course  of  hla  sctvIccs  he  te- 
ceived  a  gratuity  from  tlie  Patriotic  Fund.  He 
was  made  a  Commander  in  1818. 

At  Weymouth,  aged  15,  Eliza-Margaret,  eldest 
dau.  of  John  Jackson,  esq.  formerly  of  the  East 
India  Company's  China  Establishment. 

At  Bath,  in  her  83d  year,  Lally  Maria  Rember- 
tina  Keith,  second  dau.  of  Anthony-Adrian  sixth 
Earl  of  Kintore. 

At  Teignmouth,  aged  79,  Mary,  widow  of  Col. 
Henry  Line  Templer,  formerly  10th  Light  Dra- 
goons, and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Frederick 
Leman  Rogers,  Bart. 

Matthew  Comings  Walker,  esq.  of  Glottcester-st. 
Camden-town. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  68,  Elizabeth,  relict  of 
Richard  Williams,  esq.  payinaster  and  purser,  R.N. 

In  Montagu-st.  RusseU-sq.  aged  87,  Miss  Phi- 
ladelphia Wood. 

Aug.  2b.  In  Walworth,  aged  63,  Catliarinc, 
wife  of  Mr.  John  Samuel  Browne,  late  of  the  East 
India  House,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Mr. 
Jonathan  Gamham,  of  Bunhill-row,  Flnsbury. 

At  May-place,  Crayford,  aged  83,  John  Fassett 
Burnett,  esq. 

At  Bangor,  aged  61,  Clara,  widow  of  John  Dod- 
son,  esq.  of  Clapham-conmion. 

In  South-»t.  Ponder's-cnd,  aged  72,  Augustin 
George,  esq. 

Drownetl,  while  bathing,  at  Boscastlc,  Corn- 
wall, aged  21,  Mary-Elizabeth,  youngest  dau.  of 
John  Webber  Harris,  esq.  of  Clapham-common, 
Surrey. 

At  Edgware,  aged  75,  Thomas  Lyttleton  Holt, 
e.sq.  of  Gnildford-st.  RusscU-sq.  and  Edmonds- 
town,  Louth,  Ireland,  one  of  Her  Majesty's  jus- 
tices of  the  peace  for  Middlesex. 

At  the  Abbey  House,  Sherborne,  William  Pelley 
Watson,  infant  son  of  Sir  Brook  Kay,  Bart. 

At  Weymouth,  aged  77,  William  Moffatt,  esq. 
formerly  of  Mortlake,  Surrey. 

At  Godalming,  Mary,  eldest  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  William  Newman,  esq.  of  Pains-hUl, 
Bramley,  Surrey. 

At  his  residence,  Thelwall  Hall,  near  Warring- 
ton, in  his  73d  year,  Peter  Nicholson,  esq.  solicitor, 
one  of  the  oldest  and  most  respectable  members  of 
tliat  branch  of  the  legal  profession.  He  had  been 
in  practice  in  Warrington  for  half  a  century,  and 
his  father,  James  Nicholson,  esq.  who  died  in  1810, 
for  nearly  the  same  period  before  him.  He  was 
born  at  Warrington  9th  Aug.  1779,  and  was  the 
only  child  of  the  above-named  James  Nicholson, 
and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  eldest  daughter  and  co- 
heures-s  of  Peter  Seaman,  esq.  He  married,  24th 
Aug.  1809,  Lucy,  only  daughter  of  William  Eyres, 
e.««q.  of  Warrington,  and  by  that  lady,  who  pre- 
deceased him  in  1844,  he  has  left  issue  two  sons 
and  two  daughters.  Mr.  Nicholson  was  the  only 
suniving  officer,  it  is  believed,  of  the  original 
corps  of  the  3d  Royal  Lancashire  Militia,  embodied 
in  179G.    He  held  the  commiMion  of  Captain  in 


that  regiment  for  several  years,  and  sabaeqnently 
the  same  rank,  together  with  that  of  Adjutant,  in 
the  Warrington  Volunteers  and  Local  Ifilitia,  for 
which  latter  services  he  was  continued  on  the  list 
of  half-pay  officers  to  his  death. 

Aug.  26.  At  Harrogate,  Sarah,  dau.  of  the  late 
Charles  Bacon,  esq.  of  Styford,  Northumberland. 

At  Canterbury,  aged  44,Capt.HenryBremer,R.M. 

At  Clifton,  aged  34,  Charles  James,  esq. 

At  Dulwich,  Cecilia,  wife  of  Charles  Ranken, 
esq.  of  Gray's  Inn. 

At  Gledstone,  aged  74,  Richard  Rouildell,  esq. 

At  Niton,  I.  W.  aged  79,  Mr.  Wm.  A.  Scripps, 
late  of  South  Molton-street,  news  agent. 

At  Bath,  aged  65,  Charles  Spurden,  esq.  of 
Friday-st.  London. 

At  Risby,  Suffolk,  Frances,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J. 
Wastell. 

Aug.  27.  Aged  75,  retired  Col.  Thompson 
Aslett,  recently  Commandant  of  the  Royal  Ibuine 
Corps  at  Portsmouth.  He  served  in  the  Montagu 
at  Camperdown. 

At  Dorchester,  Dr.  George  Peacock  Button, 
Medical  Superintendent  of  the  Dorset  County  Lu- 
natic Asylum. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  60,  Eliza-Pulleyn,  relict 
of  Col.  Crowder,  K.H.  of  the  23rd  Fusiliers,  and 
formerly  of  Brotherton,  York.  She  had  been 
suffering  for  some  time  firom  bronchitis,  her  mind 
had  become  affected,  and  she  threw  herself  ont  ct 
a  window.  She  was  found  lyring  in  the  yajrd, 
having  fallen  frt)m  a  height  of  fifty  feet. 

At  Fulham,  aged  14,  Mary-Rose,  second  dau.  of 
Henry  James  Dixon,  esq. 

In  Kilburn,  aged  21,  Edmund  Musgrave  Gray, 
esq.  of  St.  John's  college,  Oxford,  and  Mount 
Olivet,  Switzerland. 

At  Easton,  near  Kingsbridge,  aged  65,  William 
Pearse,  esq. 

In  Arlington  Cottage,  Wandsworth-road,  aged 
75,  Miss  Henrietta  Elizabeth  Savory. 

In  Great  James-st.  Bedford-row,  aged  66,  Cnth- 
bert  Singleton,  esq. 

Aug.  28.  At  Fishponds,  near  Bristol,  aged  57, 
Dr.  Joseph  Cox  Cox,  formerly  of  Naples. 

Rose,  wife  of  Edward  Goldsmid,  esq.  of  Upper 
Ilarley-st. 

At  South  wold,  Suffolk,  aged  47,  Charles  Lil- 
lingston,  esq.  of  the  Chauntiy,  near  Ipswich. 

At  Falmouth,  aged  17,  Elizabeth-Frances, 
youngest  dau.  and  only  surviving  child  of  the  late 
Rev.  Lewis  Mathias,  of  that  town. 

At  Exeter,  aged  3 1 ,  Juliana,  wife  of  Capt.  Mecha, 
First  West  India  Regt. 

In  Eaton -pi.  Charlotte,  wife  of  the  Rev.  O.  B. 
Moore,  Rector  of  Tunstall,  Kent. 

Aged  75,  Robert  Taylor,  esq.  of  Littleton. 

At  Alton,  Hants,  at  the  house  of  her  brother-in- 
law  William  Clement,  esq.  Emma,  wife  of  Joseph 
Thompson,  esq.  Gloucester-terr.  Hyde  Park. 

Aug.  29.  At  Widcombc  House,  Bath,  aged  70, 
Major-Gen.  William  Clapham,  of  tlie  Madras  army. 
He  was  a  cadet  of  1796,  Colonel  of  the  47th  N.  Inf. 
1831,  and  Major-General  1838. 

Aged  33,  Ellen,  wife  of  Joseph  Henry  Cooper, 
esq.  of  Millbank-st.  Westminster,  and  of  Luccombe 
Chine,  Isle  of  Wight,  second  dau.  of  Charles  Burls, 
esq.  of  Bridge-st.  BlackfHars. 

At  Ashridge  House,  the  residence  of  her  fkther, 
Sarah-Baker,  relict  of  Capt.  Frederick  William 
Cornish,  Bengal  Art.  and  only  child  of  William 
Orchard,  e«q. 

At  the  Hotwells,  Clifton,  Eliza,  wife  of  Capt. 
Richard  H.  Fleming,  R.N.  of  Coed  Ithell,  Monm. 
and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  P.  George,  esq.  of 
Bristol. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  Elhtabeth,  relict  of  W. 
Groom,  esq. 

At  Dublin,  aged  91,  Lady  Mary  Knox,  widow  of 
Arthur  Knox,  esq.  of  Castle  Rea,  Mayo,  and  Wood- 
stock, Wicklow.  She  was  the  eldest  child  of  An- 
thony eighth  Earl  of  Meath,  bv  Grace,  daughter 
of  John  Leigh,  esq.  of  Rose  Garland,  co.  We^ord. 
She  was  married  to  Mr.  Knox  in  1781,  and  left  his 


446 


Obituary. 


[Oct. 


widow  in  1798.  Tier  muue  was  ?rcll  known  in 
Dabiin  from  her  evangelical  piety. 

At  Porth-Y-Felin,  near  Holyhead,  aged  21, 
Lewis,  second  aun  of  James  Rcndull,  esq.  of  Groat 
CW?orK<?-st.  Westminster. 

At  Clapbam,  aged  8G,  Jamea  Smith,  esq.  for  • 
mcrly  Chief  Clerk  in  the  Comptroller  of  Army 
Accounts  OfHce. 

Atuj.  30.  At  Brighton,  uged  51,  John  Baker,  e***!. 

At  Cheltenham,  aged  G4,  John  Bird,  usq.  fur 
many  years  in  tlie,  civil  service  of  the  East  India 
(^omptmy  at  Madras,  and  son  of  the  late  W.  TV. 
Bird,  e«i.  formerly  M.P.  for  Coventry. 

In  (iordon-pl.  Gordon-ao.  Ilannah,  wife  of  Wm. 
Cory,  jun.  o*q.  and  dan.  or  the  late  Thos.  Taylor, 
esq.  of  West  Cauillnpton,  Nortlmmberland. 

At  Killala,  Charles,  iiccond  son  of  the  late  Bux- 
ton Kenrick,  e-Mj.  of  Alwulton,  Hunts. 

At  Suutlisea,  ajred  12,  Emily-Sarah,  youngot 
dau.  of  Lord  George  Lennox. 

Drowned  while  bathing  in  the  river  Avon,  aged 
17,  Thomas  Grace  Morgan,  only  survinug  son  of 
W.  I.  Morgan,  ew.  A.M.,  M.D.  of  Turley  hous.', 
near  Bradford,  Wilts. 

At  Pau,  Franco,  aged  24,  Rol)ert  J.  Penny,  esq. 
solicitor,  London. 

Aug.  31.  At  Cheltenham,  suddenly,  aged  57, 
James  Alison,  esq.  a  magistrate  for  Lancashire. 
Verdict,  "  Died  by  the  ViMtation  of  Goil." 

At  Stratford  St.  Mary,  Suffolk,  aged  ti4,  Mary, 
wife  of  William  Back,  esq. 

At  Upi»er  Holloway,in  the  houtic  of  his  brother 
Benjamin  Bootbby,  esq.  barriRtcr-at-law,  aged  47. 
Capt.  William  Boothby,  of  Calcutta. 

At  Liverpool,  Mary,  last  surviving  dau.  of  the 
lato  William  Crosbie,  sen.  e-^i. 

Atfcd  75,  John  (tockI,  e^i-  of  Saffron  Waldeu. 

At  Islington,  Thomas  Grantham,  esq.  eldest  >on 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Grantham,  K.  Art. 

At  Dover,  aged  18,  Clementina  Beckwitli  lloyv- 
don  Smith,  only  dau.  of  Mrs.  Loftus  Herbert,  widow 
of  Capt.  Loftus  Herbert. 

Lately.  At  Eltliam,  a^ed  .'>G,Tlionia8  Chamlcy. 
esq.  of  that  place,  and  of  Harp-lane,  Tower-ht. 

At  Glasgow,  Mr.  Wm.  Mossuian,  sen.  sculptor. 
He  worked  for  years  in  tlic  studio  of  Chan  trey ; 
followe<l  his  profession  tor  .some  time  in  Edin- 
burgh, and,  about  thirty  years  ago,  removed  to 
Gla.sgow,  where  ho  lias  been  cimotantly  engaged, 
assisted  by  a  whole  family  of  bculptors,  all  of 
whom  are  distinguished  in  their  elecant  art. 

At  Stratford-ui)on-Avon,  E.  T.  Perrott,  eso.  Ho 
was  iuterreil  vith  hi^  forefathers  at  Haubur>-, 
Worcestersliire. 

At  Worcester,  aged  93,  John  Itaymcnt,  cm]. 
miniy  years  a  successful  medical  practitioner  in 
tliat  city. 

In  London,  John,  eldest  son  of  W.  Winterton, 
esq.  of  the  Grange,  Wolvey,  Wamickshire. 

Sept.  1.  At  Upper  Heyford,  Oxon,  aged  63, 
Thomas  Creek,  e»q. 

In  Crutuhedfrlars,  aged  85,  William  Hamond, 
esq.  half-pay  7 1st  Regt.  and  formerly  of  the  Rnynl 
Artiller>'. 

At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  aged  80,  Miss  Hare. 

At  Canonbury,  bclina,  wife  of  G.  A.  Roger>, 
esq.  and  only  dau.  of  Mi*.  G.  A.Canton,  of  St. 
Martin'.s-lanc. 

Sept.  2.  Aged  52,  Peter  Anderson,  eaq.  late  of 
Henie-hill,  and  formerly  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 

At  Waitliamstow,  age^l  52,  Hen.  A.  Gwatkin,  esq. 

At  A.st'ot.  Mr.  W.  Hibburd,  Clerk  of  the  Course 
at  Asi'ot,  Reading,  &c.  and  tlie  H-ell-known  vtarter 
at  Newmarket.  York,  (ioodwood,  Doncatter,  and 
other  eminent  loi'alities. 

In  JimTUM'v,  John  Melli.sb,esq. 

In  Bentinrlc-terr.  Re»EuntVpark,  William  Milli- 
gan.  esq.  .M.I>.  late  .surgeon  of  the  Gth  Dragoons, 
and  fonnerly  of  tlie  7GtJi  Rogt. 

At  Rose  (irove,  near  Bumlev,  aged  62,  Ann. 
widow  of  John  Parker,  esq.  of  ^  est  Clough,  near 
Clitheroc. 

In  Rathmines,  Dabiin,  EliMbeth-CatberiDO, 
relict  of  Michael  Roftch,  eeq. 


At  Waterford,  auddenly,  ICiw  ShtU,  •  maidea 
(Jstcr  of  tlie  late  Right  Hon.  Bichard  Lalor  SheO. 

At  Malton,  Miss  Walker,  fdster  to  Meaart.  T.  and 
C.  Walker,  solicitor*. 

Sept.  3.  At  Margate,  agod  M.Thoa.  Adams, esq. 

At  Leamuigton,  John  Lee  Allen,  eiq.  of  Errol- 
park,  Perthslihre. 

At  Little  Denmark-st.  Soho,  aged  49,  Mr.  James 
Carter,  alias  Jimmy  JamM,  the  Pimltco  poet. 

In  Richmond-st.  Walworth,  aged  91,  Mra.  Maiy 
Johnson,  a  lady  of  property.  Her  death  vaa 
caused  by  fiilling  from  Iicr  chamber  windoir  dur- 
ing the  night,  whilst  in  a  state  of  ■omnambnliam, 
to  which  she  had  Ixien  subject  for  aome  time.~ 
Verdict "  Accidental  Death." 

Aged  78,  Margarct-Charlotte-Stnart  Kins,  of 
Duvcr  Bank,  Ryde,  I.  W.  relict  of  George  Bear 
King,  esq.  of  Southampton. 

Aged  41,  Georgo  Maguiro,  eiq.  of  the  lOddle 
Temple,  barrister-at-law  (1883). 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  9S,  Robert  Neale,  eeq. 

In  St.  OeonceVpl.  Hyde  Park-comer,  agid  81 , 
<Vun,  relict  of  T.  B.  Watton,  esq. 

At  Stamford-hill,  aged  61,  Jas.  Wlnatanley.  eeq. 

Sept.  4.  At  Eaatbonmo,  Sussex, aged  91,  John- 
Brookes,  only  son  of  John  Cox,  esq.  of  Grojdon. 

At  PUs  Madoc,  Llanrwst,  Sarah,  wife  of  WlUkm 
llankey,  esq.  late  Capt.  9th  Lancers. 

Aged  69,  George  Hill,  esq.  of  Oxford-terr.  Lon- 
don,  formerly  of  Kenton  Hall,  Northnmbertand. 

In  London,  Catharine,  hecond  dau.  oC  the  lato 
Sir  Alexander  Pnrves,  of  Purves,  Bart. 

Aged  58,  William  Stericker,  esq.  of  Streatham 
and  Fenchurch-street. 

At  St.  Cross,  near  Winchester,  Maior  Tlmpaon. 

At  Woulwich-comraon,  Cordelia  Whiifrada,  wife 
of  Capt.  the  Hon.  Montaga  Stopford,  B  Jl.  Bhe 
was  the  second  dau.  of  Llent.-Qen.  Sir  George 
Whitmore,  K.C.H.  \  was  maiTtedin  1817. and  had 
issue  seven  chidren,  of  whom  two  aoni  Mid  three 
daughters  hurvivc. 

In  Paddington,  Charlotte,  wife  of  George  Lad- 
well  Taylor,  esq.  of  Hyde  Park-sq.  and  Broadstelrs. 

Seitt.  ...  At  the  residence  of  his  friend  Mr. 
Tliomas  Reilly,  Sandymoont,  near  DnbUn,  aged 
72,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Tlemey,  one  of  the  politfcal 
agitators  prosecuted  by  the  Attomey-gemral  In 
1843,  chiellv  in  con.<tequence  of  his  speeches  as 
r-liaimian  of  a  large  Repeal  meeting. 

Sei4.  5.  At  Ogboume  St.  Andrew's  Vioarage, 
ncjir  Marlborough,  aged  k3,  Anne,  widow  of  Jcum 
Blisit,  cMi.M.D.  of  Bath,  and  formerly  of  Uamp^ead. 

At  the  residence  of  Miss  Barrlngton,  St.  Tho- 
mas's, I»le  of  Wight,  aged  25,  Walter  Bairlngton 
0<l>Tiell  Campbell,  esq.  Capt.  72d  Regt. 

At  I-Minburgh,  IsabelUi,  widow  of  Bnpart  J<dm 
Cochran,  esq.  late  of  New  York. 

At  Newcastle-upon-Tyne,  aged  8,  Mary,  eldest 
dau.  of  Oeorgc  Crawshay,  esq. 

At  Greenock,  John  Leltch,  esq.  one  of  the  most 
extensive  shipowners  and  produce  importers  is 
the  Clyde. 

At  Wiesbaden,  Nassau,  aged  86,  FFueea-Fhi- 
lipiNi,  wife  of  Frederick  Walford,  esq-  of  Bolton-«t. 
Piccadilly,  and  Sheen,  Surrey,  eldest  dau.  of  Philip 
Griffltli,  Qvt\.  late  of  Sutton  Court,  Chiswtek. 

Sept.  6.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  68,  Col.  David 
Harriott,  CB.  of  the  6th  Bengal  Light  CaTalry. 
He  was  a  cadet  of  1803. 

At  Ramsgate,  William  Marshall,  esq.  of  Leieea* 
ter-pl.  London. 

At  Ilfracoml>e,  the  wife  of  Sbr  James  Meek,  CB. 
lately  Comptroller  of  the  Victualling  of  the  NaTy. 

At  Iloxton  New  Town,  aged  88,  Oeorge  F.  Bee, 
e^.  surKOon. 

At  his  scat.  Flowerhlll,  co.  Galway,  at  an  ad- 
vance<i  age,  William  Thomas  Mugent,  generally 
called  Ixntl  Riverston.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
Anthony  Nugent,  Lord  RiTersten,  byOllria  Us 
flr»t  Hife,  daughter  of  Arthur  French,  esq.  of  Ty- 
rone House,  CO.  Galway ;  and  great-grandson  of 
the  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the  King's  Bench  la  Ire* 
land,  (m  whom  that  peerage  was  conferred  tar  King 
James  U.  alter  his  abdlcttton.   H*  mnMA.  la 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


447 


1794,  Mary  CAtherine  Belldw,  aunt  to  the  present 
Sir  Michael  Bellew,  Bart,  and  had  issue  a  daugh- 
ter, wife  of  James  Kenny,  esq.  and  two  sons,  An- 
thony (now  styled  Lord  Riverston),  who  is  mar- 
ried to  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Malachy  Daly,  esq.  of 
Raford ;  and  Iklichael  William  Bellew  Nugent,  esq. 
of  Earl's  Park,  who  has  married  Emily,  only  child 
of  Charles  Horrall,  esq.  of  New  Hall,  co.  Salop. 

At  Tan-y-Bwlch,  North  Wales,  William  Thom- 
son, esq.  late  Qnartermaster  of  the  Scots  Fusilier 
Guards.  He  served  with  the  Guards  at  Waterloo. 
He  had  been  on  half-pay  since  1837. 

At  Bromley,  Kent,  tiged  63,  Martha,  relict  of 
R.  Torr,  esq.  of  Deptford. 

At  Newcastle-on-Tyde,  aged  62,  Mi's.  Eleanor 
UmfreTille,  one  of  the  last  descendants  of  that 
once  great  fieimily. 

At  Brixton,  Elizabeth-Ann,  wife  of  E.  H.  Wool- 
rych,  esq. 

Sept.  7.  At  the  residence  of  his  brother,  John 
Beer,  esq.  Stoke,  aged  41,  Mr.  Joseph  Beer,  of 
Plymouth  ;  a  gentleman  highly  distinguished  by 
his  benevolent  exertions  for  the  poor,  ^u-ticularly 
during  the  prevalence  of  cholera  in  1849. 

At  Stoke  Climsland,  near  Gallington,  aged  61, 
J.  H.  Brimacombe,  esq. 

In  Baker-st.  Catalina,  wife  of  Henry  Cao^tagne, 
esq.  of  Cadiz,  and  only  dau.  of  the  late  WilUam 
Lonergan,  esq. 

At  Clifton-lodge,  Clapham-park,  aged  61 ,  George 
Wilson  Cotton,  esq. 

At  nfracombc,  aged  60,  Bridget,  widow  of  Jesse 
Foot,  esq.  surgeon,  formerly  of  Jamaica, 

At  Dover,  aged  84,  Harriet-Arabella,  relict  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Goodall,  Provost  of  Eton  and  Canon 
of  Windsor. 

Mr.  Thomas  HUliar,  solicitor,  Birkenhead,  Che- 


shire, youngest  son  of  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Hilliar, 
of  Frome. 

At  Reading,  Robert  Francis  Jameson,  esq.  late 
her  M^jest}''s  Commissioner  of  Arbitration  at  tba 
Havannah. 

In  Upper  Park-st.  Liverpool-road,  aged  64, 
M^or  Kemp. 

Aged  40,  John  Mackinlay,  esq.  of  Merrow,  near 
Guildford,  surgeon. 

At  Northampton,  Henry  Pywell,  esq.  solicitor. 

At  Greenwich,  aged  69.  Richard  Rhodes,  esq. 

At  Sunderland,  Qtpt.  Francis  Robinson,  of  Soatli 
Shields,  late  "  missionary"  on  behalf  of  the  sea> 
men  of  several  northern  ports,  Ui  the  formation  of 
a  union  between  the  seamen  and  the  coal-miners. 
A  coroner's  Jnry  returned  that  he  "  Died  flrom  the 
effects  of  throwing  himself  into  the  dock  while  in 
a  state  of  temporary  insanity." 

At  Boroughbridge,  aged  71,  Hugh  Stott,  esq. 
surgeon. 

J^pt.  8.  At  Brighton,  aged  76,  Harriet,  relict  of 
John  Kennedy  Midleson,  esq.  formerly  of  Hackney. 

At  Dorchester,  aged  33,  Emily,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
T.  R.  Maskew. 

Aged  68,  WlUiam  Miller,  esq.  of  Lark  Hall- 
grove,  Clapham. 

At  Shrewsbury,  aged  87,  Jane,  relict  of  Lient.- 
Col.  Woodward,  d9th  Regt.  and  afterwards  of  the 
Rev.  Thomas  Stedman,  M.A.  formerly  Vicar  of  St. 
Chad's,  Shrewsbury. 

At  Weston-super-Mare,  aged  34,  Jane,  wife  of 
J.  Stringfield,  esq.  surgeon. 

Elizabeth,  wife  of  Henry  Tennant,  esq.  of  New- 
sq.  Lincoln's-inn,  and  of  Cadoxton,  near  Neath. 

Sept.  9.  At  Richmond,  Surrey,  aged  73,  Miss 
Susannah  Bliaset  Ellis. 

Aged  93,  William  Evans,  esq.  of  Stourbridge. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 
{From  the  Return*  issued  by  the  Registrar'  Oeneral.) 


Deaths  Registered 


Week  ending 
Saturday, 


Aug. 
Sept. 


It 


a 


Under 
15. 


30 

6 

13 

20 


565 
518 
465 
496 


15  to 
60. 


319 
303 
359 
394 


60  and   <  Age  not    Total, 
upwards. ;  specified. , 


176 
144 
198 
206 


1 
2 

4 
1 


1061 

967 

1026 

1097 


Males.  '  Females. 


560 
478 
535 
569 


501 
489 
491 
528 


1401 
1500 
1429 
1527 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Sbpt.  19. 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

s.    d. 

s,    d. 

s,    d. 

s.    d. 

s,    d. 

s,    d. 

38     5 

26     1 

19    5 

25     0 

28    9 

27     8 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  Sbpt.  22. 
Sussex  Pockets,  6/.  to  6/.  10«.~Kent  Pockets,  6/.  12«.  to  11.  10«. 


PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD,  Sbpt.  22. 
Hay,  21,  15*.  to  3/.  18#.— Straw,  1/.  Is,  to  1/.  8*.— CloTer,  3/.  10».  to  4/.  10». 

SMITHFIELD,  Sept.  22.    To  sink  the  Offal~per  stone  of  81bs. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Sept.  22. 


Beef 2s,  2<2.  to  3«.  Ad, 

Mutton 2s,  Sd.toAs,  Od, 

Veal 2s,  Bd.  to  Ss,  Sd, 

Pork 2s.  4rf.  to  3*.  Sd, 


Beasts 5,270    Cakes  269 

Sheep  and  Lambs   32,120    Pigs      862 


COAL  MARKET,  Sept.  19. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  I2s,  6d,  to  lbs.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts,  \2s.  6d,  to  15#.  Od, 

TALLOWy  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  41«.  Od.     Yellow  Ruiaay  40«.  6d. 


448 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY,  Strand. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

§  ^^ 


From  August  26,  to  September  25,  1851,  both  ineluHve, 


Aug. 
2«  i  60 
27  I  60 


65     62 
68     58 


28 

57 

67 

58 

29 

52 

56 

53 

.30 

52 

57 

50 

31 

57 

68 

60 

S.l 

62 

70 

61 

2 

65 

71 

63 

3 

61 

69 

62 

4 

64 

69 

57 

5 

55 

65 

55 

6 

5,'> 

61 

55 

7  1 

56 

60 

55 

8 

54 

60 

53 

9 

5% 

64 

51 

10 

55 

66 

51. 

E 

o 


Weather. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 

1-^ 


o-S  _5.3 


CO   O  I 


o  o 


B 
O 
O 

7^ 


in.  pts, 

30,01 

i29,  90 

7-^ 

.  92 

30,09 

.24 

,  18 

,10 

,  J* 
,10 

,21 
,31 
,  41. 
,48 
,47 
,  15 


■  Sep. 
•fr.cdy.hy.srs."    11 
do.  do.  do.  do. ;   12 


do.  do. 
do.  do.  do.  rn. 
,  do.  do. 
do.  do. 
do.  do,  do.  do. 


13  i 
14 
15 
16 
17  i 


'  rain,  do.  fair  J  18 

fair,  do.  19 

jdo.  do.  i  20 

:!do.  do.  j  21 

'do.  do.  !  22 

jdo.  do.  i  23 

ido.  do.  '  24 

do.  ,  25 

foggy,do.  do.: 


51. 
51. 
52 


66 
67 
67 


54  I  68 

55  65 

55  66 

56  61 
56  6% 
56  6h 
55 
55 

DO 


64 
61 
64 
54  63 
58  !  6j 
60     63 


B 

o 

3^ 


Weather. 


55  I 
54 


in. 

54  \30, 

53  I     , 

55  ; 
55  ! 
53 

,  53 
I  53  i 
;  52  , 

53  i 

54 

58  : 
'  56  I 

48  :29, 


I 


pts.  I 

45  !  foggy,  fair 
32  I  do.  do. 
37    do.  do. 
43    do.  do. 
57  •  do. 
48  I  do. 
22  '  do.  do. 

do.  do. 

do.  do. 
18  i  do.  do.  rain 
04    do.  do. 
09   do.  do. 

do.  do. 
do.  do. 
do.  do. 


16 
16 


11 
05 
84 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


P 


(J 
O 

J4 

S 

pq 


28  215) 
29!215i 
30 


i-.'O 
it    V 

c^33 

CO 


96* 

f>6* 

96 

96jf 

9Gf 

90  i 

96'^ 

96j 

96t 

96| 

961 

96 

96 

96^ 

95| 

96 

\)6jf 

90 

^H 
904 

96 

96f 

.001 

Oiii 

90i 


7h 


98 
98 

m 

98f 

99   74 
98J  7i 

99 
98^  7i 
98f.  71 
98 J  7i 
98f  7i 
98} 


'* 
7h 


262 


200i 
200 


96k 262 

96  J 262 

96i 260 

95f 


202 


26U 

262 

262 

200 


20U 


Ex.  BUU, 
j^lOOO. 


53  56  pm.  46 

55  pm.  45 

51  54  pm.  45 
53  50  pm.  45 

48  pm.  47 

47 

49  52  pm.  45 

45  47  pm.  48 

106|262   52  pm.  45 

•52  49  pm.  45 

52  49  pm.  45 

48 

45 

-53  50  pm.  45 
45 


48  pm.  ■  44 
51  pm.  44 
48  pm.  44 
50  pm.  47 
48  pm.   44 

47 

48  pm.   47 

50  1 7  pm.  43 

40  43  pm.  — 
47  pm.   43 

47  49  pm.  43 


49  pm. 
48  pm. 
48  pm. 

47  pm. 
44  pm. 
44  pm. 

48  pm. 

44  pm. 
48  pm. 
48  pm. 
48  pm. 

45  pm. 
48  pm. 
48  pm. 
48  pm. 
47  pm. 
47  pm. 
47  pm. 
44  pm. 
47  pm. 
44  pm. 
40  pm. 

46  pm. 


46  pm. 
46  pm. 


J.  J.  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chambers,  Angel  Court, 

Throgmorton  Street,  London* 


J.  B.  NICBOU  AKD  SON,  FMNTSRS,  25,  PARLIAMIIVT  •TmiST, 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 

AND 

HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

NOVEMBER,  1851. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGB 
3(iN0B  CoRmESPONDBNCs.— Scriptural  Paintings  in  Pariah  Churclie-s— Bestwood  Parle— Romford 
Church— Infent  School*— Buat  of  Shakspere — Herr  Worsaae— Uiches  and  Love— Letter  of 
Tliomas  Duke  of  Norfolk,  &c.  &c 450 

Historical  Notice  of  the  a1  tempt  made  by  the  English  Government  to  rectify  the 

Calendar,  a.d.  1584-5 451 

The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489 459 

Information  about  Nell  Gwyn  from  Lord  Rochester's  Poems 469 

Foss's  Lives  of  the  Judges  :  Vols.  III.  and  IV , 472 

The  Career  and  Character  of  Peter  Abelard , 477 

Historical  Consequences  of  a  Mistake  in  a  Name 482 

Hartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire — Anecdotes  of  the  residence  of  Louis  XVIII. 

and  the  French  Royal  Family  {with  Four  Plates) 487 

The  Duke  of  Albemarle  and  Charles  II 494 

Ulrich  von  Hutten,  Part  III.— The  Reuchlin  Controversy 497 

Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall.     By  C.  Roach  Smith,  F.S.A 503 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Ptambles  in  Germany  (Profeissor  Paulns— 
Historical  associations  of  Spires — Works  of  art  in  progress  at  Spires  cathedral— German 
railways— Peaceful  industry  of  the  people) — Royal  Titles  of  peerage— Who  first  suggested 
the  humane  treatment  of  Lunatics— St.  Pierre  ?— Device  of  Star  or  Sun  and  Crescent— The 
true  use  of  Heraldry,  with  suggestions  to  the  Heralds— Meaning  of  the  word  *♦  \^'hiffler  " 
— "  The  Nicholas  of  tlio  Tower  "  not  a  Bristol  8hii>— Old  Markct-cro.ss  at  Sedbergh  in 
Yorkshire 7 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.— Necessity  of  instituting  an  Order  of  Merit  open  to  all  classes- 
Excavation  of  a  Saxon  Burial-ground  near  Great  Wilbraham,  Cambridgeshire — Barrows 
opened  by  Lonl  Londesborough  in  Yorkshire — The  Mint  Wall  at  Lincoln — Painting 
obliterate*!  in  St.  Cutlibcrt's  Church,  Wells— Catalogue  of  Mr.  Halliwell's  Collection  of 
Old  Englbh  Ballads,  &c.— Sale  of  Mr.  Cottingham's  Collection  of  Mediaeval  Antiquities — 
Sale  of  >Ir.  Tumbull's  Antiquarian  Library  at  Edinburgh— Typographical  error  of  the 
(Quarterly  Review  In  lines  from  Dryden— Recent  non-historical  Publications  621 

MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— Akerman's  Spring  Tide,  524 ;  Lowth's  Historical,  Biogra- 
phical, and  Genealogical  Atlas— Didron's  Christian  Iconography,  52.5  ;  The  Abbey  of  St. 
Alban,  Extracts  firom  its  early  History,  &c.  compiled  by  Rev.  Dr.  Nicholson— Noake's 
Itambler  in  Worcestemhire,  526 ;  EiLstace,  an  Elegy— IMdgeon's  Memorials  of  Shrews- 
bury, 527 ;  Denham's  Slogans  of  the  North  of  England— Ojtford  University  Statutes 528 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  528  ;  Domestic  Occurrences .^29 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  531 ;  Births  and  3Iarrlages    533 

OBITUARY  :  with  Memoirs  of  Prince  William  of  Prussia ;  3IarshaI  Sebastiani ;  General  Lopez ; 
Earl  of  Liverpool ;  Earl  of  Donoughmore ;  Viscount  Bolingbroke  and  St.  John ;  Lord 
Stafford ;  Lonl  Calthorpe ;  Hon.  Edward  R.  Stewart  ;  Sir  T.  P.  Hayes,  Bart. ;  General 
Sir  Alex.  Halket;  Capt.  W.  B.  Greene,  R.N. ;  D.  R.  Ross,  Esq. ;  Edw.  G.  Barnard,  Esq. ; 
D.  E.  Davy,  Esq. ;  Dr.  Kidd ;  Professor  Oken  ;  James  Fenimore  Cooper,  Esq. ;  Mrs.  Sher- 
wood ;  Dr.  Patrick  NeiU  ;  WlUIam  Nicol,  Esq. ;  Rev.  Robert  Gutch  ;  Rev.  William  Field  ; 
George  Baker,  Esq. ;  Mr.  Benjamin  Gibson 537—562 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order  5:13 

Keiristrar-General's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  559;   Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 560 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gknt. 


450 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  Urban, — The  lines  cited  (Mag. 
for  October,  1851,  p.  338)  from  one  of 
the  fly-leaves  in  MS.  No.  695  in  the 
University  Library,  Cambridge,  are  (with 
some  not  very  material  variations)  to  be 
found  in  **  The  most  elegant  and  wittie 
Epigrams  of  Sir  John  Harrington,  knight," 
(London,  fol.  1G33,)  book  iv.  number  9. 
They  are  also  quoted  from  Sir  John  Har- 
rington in  Hawkins's  edition  of  Ignora- 
mus, p.  117  n.  C.  H.  Cooper. 

Mr.  Urban, — I  have  been  told  there 
is  a  PROCLAMATION  OF  the  reign  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  that  all  Scriptural 
paintings  in  parish  churches,  such  as  we 
frequently  discover  in  clearing  away  the 
white- wash,  should  be  destroyed.  I  sus- 
pect that  at  the  same  time  there  may  have 
been  an  order  that  all  remains  of  piscinae 
should  be  either  destroyed  or  concealed, 
as  on  the  discovery  of  a  beautiful  piscina 
a  few  years  ago  in  Springfield  Church,  I 
found  it  was  filled  up  with  bricks  of  the 
time  of  Elizabeth,  and  not  with  those  of  the 
modern  standard  sizes.  Can  any  of  your 
correspondents  point  out  where  a  copy  of 
thb  proclamation  may  be  found  ? 

J.  A.  Repton. 

With  reference  to  a  passage  in  the  con- 
cluding paper  of  the  story  of  Nell  Gwyn 
by  Mr.  Cunningham,  p.  138,  Alpha  in- 
forms us  that  Bestwood  Park  still  re- 
mains in  the  possession  of  the  present 
Duke  of  St.  Alban's  as  the  descendant  of 
Nelly.  The  present  Duke  was  in  Notting- 
hamshire a  short  time  ago  looking  over 
the  estate  which  he  has  thus  inherited. 

A  Correspondent  directs  our  atten- 
tion to  the  circumstance  that  the  old  Mo- 
numents formerly  in  Romford  Church 
have  not  been  put  up  in  the  new  building. 
He  asks  : — ^What  has  become  of  thera  ? 

H.  D.  inquires,  who  was  the  originator 
of  Infant  Schools,  and  what  was  the 
date  of  their  institution  ?  We  believe  we 
are  correct  in  stating  that  Mr.  Robeit 
Owen  first  established  a  school  for  infants, 
or  a  school  to  which  infants  were  ad- 
mitted together  with  children  of  more 
advanced  age,  at  New  Lunark.  The  first 
school  of  the  kind  in  Loudon  was  esta- 
blished in  Westminster  by  Lord  Lans- 
downe  and  Mr.,  now  Lord  Brougham, 
about  1818.  It  was  under  the  care  of  a 
person  who  had  been  a  teacher  at  New 
Lanark.  Mr.  Wilderspin,  well  known  in 
connection  with  infant  education,  im- 
proved the  system  and  management  of 
these  schools,  and  superintended  an  in- 
fant school  in  Spitalfields  for  several  years. 
An  account  of  the  origin  of  these  schools 
may  be  found  in  a  report  of  a  Committee 
of  the  Lords  on  Education,  but  wc  cannot 
find  it  at  this  moment. 


Mr.  Kite,  the  parish  clerk  of  Stratford- 
upon-Avon,  has  published  a  Cast  from  the 
upper  part  of  the  Bust  of  Shakspb&e, 
from  the  monument  in  Stratford-upon- 
Avon  Church,  presenting  a  plain  and 
truthful  fac-simile  of  the  Head  of  the 
great  Poet  as  represented  on  his  monu- 
ment. 

We  are  pleased  to  notice  in  the  Danish 
papers  that  on  the  6th  of  October,  the 
King's  birthday,  his  Majesty  conferred  on 
Herr  J.  J.  A.  WoRSAAE,  author  of  the 
book  on  the  Primaeval  Antiquities  of  Den- 
mark, translated  into  English  by  Mr. 
Thoms,  the  order  of  Danneborg. 

Mr.  Urban, — A  MS.  in  my  possession 
contains  the  following  lines,  written  in  a 
hand  of  perhaps  the  middle  of  the  Ust 
century  :  can  you  tell  me  their  author  ? 


<( 


In  vain  with  riches  do  you  try 
My  stedfast  breast  to  move  ; 
ril  ne'er  give  up  my  liberty 
For  any  price  but  Love. 

' '  Riches,  indeed,  would  give  me  power. 

But  not  a  cheerful  mind ; 
Whilst  joy  and  peace  attend 'each  hour 

Of  those  whom  Love  has  join*d. 

"  But  should  desire  of  power  or  state, 
My  views  tow'rds  riches  carry, 

I  'd  bend  at  court,  in  senate  prate : 
Do  any  thing  but  marry. 

**  Since  then  not  wealth's  deceitful  show 

Can  tempt  me  to  this  chain, 
Try  next  what  generous  Love  can  do : 

All  other  bribes  are  vain." 

Q. 

[The  lines  are  certainly  in  print,  although 
we  have  not  been  able  to  find  them.  They 
will  bear  reprinting,  and  we  have  therefore 
inserted  them  at  length.  No  doubt  some 
of  our  correspondents  can  at  once  name 
their  author. — Ed.] 

Mr.  Urban,— Mr.  Park  prints  in  his 
edition  of  Walpole's  Royal  and  Noble 
Authors,  i.  354,  a  valuable  and  touching 
letter  of  Thomas  Duke  of  NoaFOLK, 
executed  in  157S,  which  is  said  to  have 
been  written  by  the  Duke  in  «*  a  copy  of 
Grqfton's  abridged  CAronicfe,  lb70/'  at 
one  time  in  the  possession  of  •*  Mr.  Lloyd 
of  Buckingham  Street,  York  Buildings." 
Can  you  inform  me  where  this  book  may 
now  be  found  ?  Such  a  letter,  presuming 
it  to  be  genuine,  would  render  me  Tolome 
of  some  little  value,  and  I  should  be  much 
obliged  to  any  one  who  could  point  out  to 
me  its  present  owner. 

Yours,  &C.        H.  N. 

Erraium.— Gent.  Mag.  for  October, 
1851,  at  p.  405,  col.  1,  line  23,  for  "  Cam- 
bridge," rwrf  "  Oxford." 


THE 


GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 


AND 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


HISTORICAL  NOTICE   OP  THE  ATTEMPT   MADE  BY  THE   ENGLISH 
GOVERNMENT  TO  RECTIFY  THE  CALENDAR,  A.D.  1584-5. 


Sm  HARRIS  NICOLAS  was  the 
first  of  our  historical  writers  to  point 
out  *  that  the  goyernment  of  Queen 
Elizabeth  made  an  unsuccessful  at- 
tempt, in  the  year  1584-5,  to  adopt  the 
changes  introduced  into  the  calendar 
by  Pope  Gregory  XIII.  Sir  Harris 
discovered  the  fact  of  the  attempt,  but 
not  the  grounds  upon  which  it  was 
abandoned.  The  subject  is  a  curious 
and  interesting  one.  It  is  desirable 
to  ascertain  what  that  influence  was 
which  compelled  our  lion-hearted 
queen  to  abandon  a  once  formed  in- 
tention ;  who  were  the  men,  and  what 
the  reasons  which  were  powerful  enough 
to  stay  the  adoption  of  a  mere  de- 
monstrable scientific  truth  for  nearly 
two  centuries.  Some  hitherto  undis« 
closed  information  upon  this  subject 
is  contained  in  a  MS.of  Anstis*s,  pur- 
chased a  few  years  ago  for  the  British 
Museum,  and  we  now  propose  to  place 
it  before  our  readers. 

On  the  28th  Feb.  1582,  Pope  Gre- 
gory XIII.  published  his  authentica- 
tion of  that  alteration  of  the  Calendar 
which  goes  by  his  name,  and  by  which 
the  civil  year  was  brought  into  con- 
formity with  the  solar  year,  that  is, 
with  the  earth's  actual  position  in  re- 
ference to  the  great  regulator  of  its 
seasons.  The  alteration  was  one  which 
depended  entirely  upon  the  applica- 
tion to  the  subject  of  the  principles 
and  calculations  of  mathematical  sci- 
ence.   The  results  when  thus  worked 


out  were,  as  far  as  they  went,  un- 
c[uestionable ;  but  the  practical  ob- 
ject to  be  accomplishea,  tiie  rectifi- 
cation of  the  existing  calendar  by 
the  omission  of  a  certain  number  of 
days,  might  be  arrived  at  in  manj 
various  ways.  A  day,  or  several  dayi, 
might  be  dropped  at  any  stated  pe- 
riod, every  month,  or  every  quartOTi 
or  every  year,  or  every  mty  yean, 
until  the  required  numoer  luul  been 
got  rid  of;  or,  the  whole  might  be 
dropped  at  one  time.  In  the  new 
papal  calendar  all  the  days  were  di- 
rected to  be  dropped  at  once,  in  the 
month  of  October  following.  The 
Pope,  as  a  temporal  sovereign,  had  no 
authority  to  enforce  his  new  calendar 
upon  any  but  his  own  subjects— even 
if  he  had  such  authority  over  them* 
But  the  question,  although  in  prin- 
ciple and  calculation  altogether  one  oi 
mathematical  science,  touched  npon 
ecclesiastical  matters  in  its  interfer- 
ence with  some  of  the  accustomed  days 
of  holding  various  feasts  and  festiyua 
of  the  Church.  Upon  this  ground  H 
was  seized  hold  of  by  the  Pope  as  if  it 
were  altogether  an  ecclesiastical  busi- 
ness. The  new  calendar  was  put  forth 
by  him  as  an  ecclesiastical  superior, 
and  with  all  the  unchristian  arroganoe 
which  would  seem  necessarily  to  ap- 
pertain to  his  doings  in  that  cnaract^. 
He  exhorted  and  commanded  all  kings, 
princes,  and  republics,  religiously  to 
accept  that  his  calendar,  and  to  take 
care  that  it  was  observed  inviolably 


*  Chronology  of  History,  p.  34. 


452 


On  the  attempt  to  rectify  the  Calendavy  1584-5.  [Nov. 


hy  nil  tbfir  subjects,  declaring  tliut  it 
should  not  be  lawful  lor  any  man  to 
infringe  or  disregard  that  his  com- 
mand, and  that  if  any  one  presumed 
to  do  so,  the  indignation  of  God  Al- 
mighty, and  the  blessed  apostles,  Peter 
and  Paul,  would  fall  upon  him.* 

The  conduct  of  the  English  govern- 
ment upon  this  occasion  seems  to  have 
been  wise  and  manly.  They  were  not 
forward  to  receive  the  pope's  calendar; 
but,  having  procured  the  matter  to  be 
investigated  and  having  found  the  papal 
calculations  to  be  to  a  certain  extent 
accurate,  they  did  not  i)ause  to  consider 
whence  the  truth  came,  or  in  what 
manner  it  was  promulgated.  They  re- 
garded the  papal  bull  smiply  as  putting 
forth  a  scientific  truth,  and  prepared  to 
adopt  the  truth,  although  not  under  the 
authority  of  the  bull.  Soon  after  the 
bull  had  come  into  operation  in  Roman 
Catholic  countries.  Dr.  John  Dee, 
whose  subsequent  reputation  as  a  spirit- 
seer  has  made  us  almost  forget  that  as 
an  astronomer  and  mathematician  he 
was  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  his  day, 
was  consulted  upon  the  subject  by  Sir 
Francis  Walsingliam,  and  was  directed 
by  the  Queen's  authority*  and  perhaps 
even  by  her  majesty  herself,  to  make 
such  calculations  as  would  be  necessary 
for  the  adoption  of  the  new  calendar 
in  England.  The  "  lioke,"  as  Dee 
terms  it,  which  he  com^jiled  in  conse- 
quence was  delivered  by  him  to  Lord 
Treasurer  Burghley  on  the  *2Gth  Feb- 
ruary, 15«2-3.t  it  is  entitled  "A 
playne  discourse  and  humble  advise 
ibr  our  gratious  (^ueen  Elizabeth  her 
most  excellent  Majestic  to  peruse  and 
consider,  as  concerning  the  needful 
reformation  of  the  vulgar  Kalendar  for 
the  civile  years  and  daies  acconipting  or 
verifycng  according  to  the  tyme  truely 
spent."  Besides  a  rhyming  dedica* 
tiou  to  Lord  Burghley  which  has  been 
printed  by  Mr.  Ilalliwell,  J  the  following 
explanatory  lines  occur  on  one  of  the 
ily-leavcs  of  this  curious  volume  : — 

As  Ciesar  and  Sosigines 

The  Vulgar  Kalendar  did  make, 
So  Caesar's  pore,  our  true  Empress, 

To  Dee  this  work  she  did  betake. § 

Dee's  "  boke,"  which  still  exists  and 


is  one  of  the  curiosities  of  the  Ash- 
molean  collection  of  MSS.  at  Oxford,| 
agrees  in  the  accuracy  of  the  papal  cal- 
culations, provided  their  basis,  or  radix 
as  it  was  then  termed,  were  accepted. 
But  Dee  was  anxious  to  deduce  his  cal- 
culations from  another  *^  radix.**  The 
Gregorian  ^*  radix  "  was  the  time  ofhold- 
ing  the  Council  of  Nice.  With  the  pow- 
erful voice  of  an  oecumenical  assembly 
of  the  Church  that  Council  had  declared 
what  was  to  be  the  future  chronolo- 
gical basis  on  which  the  calculations 
of  Easter,  the  great  centre  of  the 
Christian  festivals,  was  to  rest.  The 
Church  of  Bome  now  amended  the 
calendar  on  the  assumption  that  all 
that  was  done  at  the  Council  of  Nice 
was  strictly  correct.  Dee  would  have 
gone  further  back.  He  desired  to  as- 
certain the  actual  position  of  the  earth 
in  relation  to  the  sun  at  the  birth 
of  Christ,  and  to  rectify  the  calendar 
on  that  basis,  and  not  on  that  of  the 
assumed  accuracy  of  the  Council  of 
Nice.  This  diilerence  in  the  starting- 
point  gave  a  difference  of  one  day. 
The  calendars  were  one  day  wrong  at 
the  date  of  the  Council  of  Nice.  To 
make  the  new  papal  alteration  entirely 
right,  that  one  day  should  have  been 
added  to  the  ten  it  was  now  proiXMed 
to  drop,  and  eleven  omitted  instead  of 
ten.  Still,  rather  than  continue  in  a 
condition  of  non-conformity  with  the 
rest  of  the  world  upon  such  a  point, 
Dee  advised  the  reformation  of  the 
English  calendar  in  accordance  with 
the  papal  scheme,  "only  so  as  the 
truth  be  denounced  to  the  world  that 
it  ought  to  Ije  eleven  days;  hoping 
that  the  truth  will  draw  the  Komanists 
and  other  parts  of  Christiandom  to 
take  out  of  their  calendar  hereaAer  the 
same  odd  day ."^ 

The  grave  Lord  Treasurer  studied 
the  astronomer's  lucubrations,  although 
not  versed,  he  says,  "  in  the  theoridcs 
to  discern  the  points  and  minutes.** 
lie  afterwards  conferred  with  him 
"at  good  length  thereon,**  and  finalhr, 
with  commendable  prudence,  8UD« 
mi t ted  the  calculations  to  three  cele- 
brated mathematical  scholars  of  the 
time — Thomas  Digges,  son  of  Leonard 


♦  Ma-.  Rullar.  ii.  481).  Lnxcmb.  17.J8. 

t  Dee's  Diary,  rd.  by  Ilalliwell,  p.  ll).  +  Ibid.  p.  19  n. 

§  Black's  Cat.  of  Ashmolcan  MSS.  ||   MS.  1789,  art.  I. 

^  This  is  Lord  Burghley's  account  of  the  matter.  Sec  Strype's  Annals,  ii.  3M. 


1851.]  On  the  attempt  to  rectify  the  Calendar,  1584-5. 

Difjges,  a  mathematician  of  Kent,  and 
father  of  Sir  Dudley  Dirges  the  states- 
man and  Master  of  the  KoUs;  Henry, 
afterwards  Sir  Henrjr,  Savile,  provost 
of  Eton  and  editor  of  Chrysostom ; 
and  "  Mr.  Chambers,"  whose  name  is 
less  familiar  to  us.  Their  report  is 
printed  in  the  Biographia  Britannica, 
but  as  it  is  not  long,  and  we  can  cor- 
rect some  inaccuracies  in  the  former 
imprint,  it  will  not  be  deemed  improper 
to  print  it  a^ain.  We  do  so  from  a 
copy  in  the  MS.  in  the  British  Museum 
to  which  we  have  already  alluded.* 


453 


•*  xxv*'  Martu,  1582. 

"It  was  agreed  by  Mr.  Digges,  Mr. 
Savell,  and  Mr.  Chambers,  that  upon 
their  several  perusal  of  the  booke  written 
by  Mr.  Dee,  atf  a  discourse  upon  the 
reformation  of  the  vulgar  calleodar  for 
the  civill  year,  that  they  doe  allow 
of  his  opinions,  that  where  in  the 
late  Romaiue  Callendar  reformed  there 
are  ten  days  cutt  o£f  to  reduce  the  civill 
year  to  the  state  it  was  established  by  the 
councell  of  Nice,  the  better  reformation 
had  been,  to  have  cutt  off  eleven  days  to 
have  reduced  the  civill  year  according  to 
the  state  the  sun  was  in  at  the  birth  of 
Christ ;  and  so  they  all  accord  with  Mr. 
Dee,  that  such  a  reformation  had  been 
more  agreeable  to  the  accompt  of  Chris- 
tians, but  yet  they  doe  also  assent  that 
having  regard  to  the  counsell  of  Nice  the 
suhstracting  of  ten  days  are  agreeable  to 
trueth,  and  therefore  to  accord  the  better 
with  all  the  countries  adjacent  that  have 
received  that  reformation  of  suhstracting 
of  ten  days  only,  they  think  it  may  be 
assented  unto,  without  any  manifest  error, 
having  regard  to  observe  certen  rules  here- 
after for  omitting  sum  leape  years  in  sum 
hundred  years. 

'*  Then  for  suhstracting  often  days  Mr. 
Dee  hath  compiled  a  forme  of  a  callendar 
beginning  at  May  and  ending  with  August, 
wherein  everie  of  these  four  moneths,  that 
is  May,  June,  July,  and  August,  shall 
have  in  the  end  of  them  sum  dales  taken 
away  without  changing  of  any  feast  or 
holiday  moveable  or  fixed,  or  without  al- 
tering of  the  course  of  Trinity  Term,  that 
is  to  say.  May  to  consist  upon  28  days, 
taking  from  that  3  dayes  ;  June  to  have 
29  dayes,  taking  from  that  but  one  day ; 
July  to  consist  upon  28  dayes,  taking 
from  that  but  3  dayes  ;  August  to  consist 
of  28  days,  taking  from  that  3  days ;  all 
which  days  substracted  make  ten  days  ; 
in  which  four  moneths  no  festival  day  is 


changed,  but  continue  upon  the  accustomed 
days  of  their  moneths. 

*'  And  because  the  Roman  Callender 
hath  joined  to  that  a  great  multitude  of 
rules  which  only  are  capable  of  your  skil- 
ful computistes  or  astronomers,  it  is 
thought  good  to  make  a  short  table  like 
an  Ephemerides^  to  continue  the  certentie 
of  all  your  feasts  moveable  depending  only 
upon  Easter  and  agreeing  with  the  [Roman] 
callendar,  which  may  serve  for  an  hundred 
or  two  years,  and  so  easily  renewed  (if  the 
sins  of  the  world  doe  not  hasten  it8§  disso- 
lution) as  we  see  every  year  ||  almanacks 
are. 

"  Whereupon  her  Majesty  may  be  ^ 
please  [d]  upon  this  report  to  committ  it 
to  consideration  of  [herj  councell  whether 
she  will  have  this  Reformation  published, 
which  if  she  will,  it  were  expedient  that  it 
were  done  by  proclamacion  from  her  Ma- 
jesty as  thereto  advised  and  allowed  by  the 
Archbishops  and  Bishops,  to  whose  office 
it  hath  allways  belonged  to  determine  and 
stablish  the  causes  belonging  to  ecclesias- 
ticall  government." 

The  report  of  the  mathematicians, 
although  dated  on  the  25th  March, 
1582,  (i.  e.  1583,)  was  delivei*cd  (pro- 
bably verbally)  some  days  before ;  for 
on  the  22nd  of  the  same  March  wc  find 
Walsin^hani  addressing  ^Archbishop 
Grindal  upon  the  subject  in  urgent 
terms  as  follows.  This  letter  has  never 
been  published,  therefore  we  shall  not 
hesitate  to  print  it. 

**  Mr.  Secretaries  letter  to  the  Arch- 
Bp.  of  Cant,  tuching  the  alteration 
of  the  Calendar. 
"It  may  please  your  grace.  Uppon 
the  setting  furth  latelie  of  a  new  Calendar 
in  forren  parts,  called  Calendarium  Ore- 
fforianum,  for  the  reformation  of  the  ould 
received  course  of  the  year,  wherebie  there 
are  now  ten  days  cutt  off  in  the  new  year, 
her  majestic  thinking  it  meet  that  the  like 
reformation  of  the  yere  should  be  so  re- 
ceaved,  and  have  his  course  in  these  her 
majesties  realms  and  domuiions,  thereby 
to  avoid  diverse  inconveniences  that  might 
otherwise  follow,  between  her  own  and 
other  princes  her  neighbours*  subjects,  by 
reason  of  the  diversity  of  computations, 
hath  caused  this  bearer,  Mr.  Dee,  to  set 
down  a  new  calculation  to  be  here  pub- 
lished, to  the  said  intended  reformation 
of  the  yere,  which  my  Lord  Treasurer 
being  directed  by  her  majestie  to  [refer] 
to  the  consideration  of  Mr.  Digges  and 
two  or   three  other  very  skilfull  in  the 


•  Addit.  MS.  14,291,  fo.  174. 

t  Of,  in  MS.       X  BpherenUdoet,  in  MS.       §  &,  in  MS.        ||  ynirly,  in  MS. 


454 


On  the  attempt  to  rectify  the  Calendar^  1584-5. 


[Nov. 


mathematicks,  his  Lordship  hath  returned 
answer  that  the  said  calculation  is  well 
lyked  of  as  grounded  upon  good  know- 
ledge and  probahic  reasons.  Now,  for 
that  things  of  this  nature  ought  in  course 
to  be  referred  to  the  considerations  of  the 
Archbishops  and  Bishops  of  the  church, 
my  lords  of  the  councell  doe  therefore 
think  meet  that  your  grace,  calling  unto 
you  such  bishops  as  are  about  Lon- 
don«  as  the  Bishops  of  London  and 
Salisbury,  and  him  of  Lincoln  if  he  be 
not  departed,  should  consider  of  the  said 
new  calendar,  and  thereupon  return  your 
opinion  what  you  think  of  the  same,  and 
whether  it  be  meet  to  be  passed  as  it  is  set 
down,  which  it  may  please  you  to  doe  with 
all  convenient  speed,  for  that  it  is  meant 
the  said  callendar  shall  be  published  by 
proclamation  before  the  first  of  May  next ; 
and  so  I  humbly  take  my  leave  of  your 
grace.  Att  Richmond,  tiic  18th  of  March, 
1582. 

"  Your  graces  lo  command, 

•'  Fra.  Walsynoham." 

The  l)ishoi>H,wli()m  the  poor  harassed 
archbir^hop  Grindal,  just  on  the  eve 
of  his  contenipluted  resignation  of 
the  archiepiscopate,  was  directed  to 
consult,  were  Ayliner  Bishop  of  Lon- 
don, and  Piers  Bishop  of  Salisbury, 
whilst  "he  of  Lincoln"  was  Thomas 
Cooper  the  defender  of  the  chur(!li 
against  Martin  Marprelate. 

Up  to  this  time,  it  is  evident  that 
every  thing  had  gone  on  pretty  smoothly. 
Probably  the  draft  was  already  pre- 
pared of  the  proclamation  for  the  pub- 
lication of  the  new  calendar,  alluded 
to  at  the  close  of  Walsingham's  letter. 
But  church-work  is  slow  work  always. 
An  answer  did  not  come  immediately. 
The  impetuous  (^ueen,  in  no  good 
humour  with  her  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, became  annoyed  at  the  delay, 
and  at  the  end  of  eleven  days,  no  long 
time  one  would  think,  for  the  due  in- 
vestigation of  calculations  which  af- 
fected the  universe,  AValsingham  again 
addressed  his  grace  of  Canterbury  as 
follows. 

"  It  may  please  your  grace  to  under- 
stand that  whereis  I  did  of  late  send  to 
you  a  reformation  of  the  ould  almanack 
set  down  by  Mr.  Dee  and  certain  other 
learned  in  the  mathematicks,  which  her 
majesty's  pleasure  was,  should  be  con- 
sidered of  by  yourself,  and  such  other  of 
the  bishops  as  might  be  then  about  Lon- 
don before  yt  were  published,  her  ma- 


jesty doth  now  find  some  fault  that  [she] 
doth  yet  hear  nothiog  of  the  reports 
thereof  that  she  looked  to  have  received 
from  your  grace.  Whereas  you  shall  doe 
well  [if]  that  there  be  nothing  don  yet  in 
the  matter  to  call  the  said  bishops  pre* 
scnce  unto  you,  and  to  consider  of  tiie 
said  callendar  with  the  assistance  of  Mr. 
Dee  and  such  others  as  have  been  imploded 
in  the  setting  down  of  the  same  ;  to  the 
end  you  may  thereupon  deliver  your 
opinion  thereof  according  to  her  nugetty's 
expectance,  wherein  you  are  to  use  the 
more  speed  so  that  the  said  kallendar  ia 
meant  to  be  published  by  the  first  of  May 
next.  And  so  I  committ  your  grace  to 
God.  At  Richmond,  the  xziz.  of  Marche, 
1583.* 

**  Your  graces  to  commande, 

**FrA.  WALSrNGHAIf. 

"  To  my  L.  Gr.  the  calender,  &c. 
«'29  March,  1783.  "t 

Thus  urged,  the  archbisliop,  ossbted 
byhis  brethren  of  Loudon  and  Daliabury, 
and  by  bishop  Young  of  Rochester  (not 
Cooper  of  Lincoln),  and  having  pro- 
cured also  the  o|9fnion  of  ^*some  ffodl/ 
learned  in  the  mathematicallB,  for- 
warded various  papers  to  Mr.  Becretary 
Walsingham,  with  the  following  letter. 

'' Archbishop  Gryndall's  letter  con- 
cerning a  reformation  of  the  oa» 
lendar. 
"  After  our  hearty  commendations  unto 
your  honour,  may  it  please  you  to  under- 
stand, that  upon  receipt  of  your  letters  in 
her  Majesty's  name,  and  the  view  of  Mr. 
Dee's  resolutions  touchinge  the  admit- 
tinge  of  the  callender  of  Pope  Gregorie, 
we  have  upon  good  conference  and  de- 
liberation thonght  good  to  stgnifie  unto 
your  honor  our  opynion  in  that  bdialfe  | 
namely,  that  we  love  not  to  deale  with  or 
in  anye  wise  to  admitt  it,  before  mature 
and  deliberate  consultation  had,  nott  only 
with  our  principall  asscmblie  of  the  dergie 
and  convocation  of  this  realme»  but  slio 
with  other  reformed  Ciiurches  which  pro- 
fess the  same  religion  that  we  doe,  witnont 
whose  consent  if  we  should  herein  proceed 
we  should  offer  juste  occasion  of  schiiflMf 
and  so  by  allowinge,  though  not  optaly 
yet  indirectly,  the  Pope's  dewyse  and  the 
[Tridentine]  counsayle,  [cause]  some  to 
swerve  from  all  other  Churches  of  our  pro- 
fession. Hits  inconsultU,  which  in  con- 
science and  respect  of  our  profession  we 
cannot  yielde  to  doe,  as  by  certen  reaaoBt 
for  this  short  time  by  us  ooUeeted  and 
here  inclosed  her  Majesty  and  your  honour 
may  understande,  wherewith  yon   ihall 


*  1584  in  MS. 


t  l783inBi8. 


1851.]         On  the  aHempt  to  rectify  the  Calendar^  1584-5.  455 

and  infirmities  almost  precluding  him 
from  taking  his  share  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  such  documents.  One  of  these 
papers  is  in  Latin,  the  others  in  £ng- 
lisn.  Not  having  room  for  them  all  at 
present,  we  shall  print  the  two  English 
ones,  that  in  Latm  not  differing  ma- 
terially from  the  others.  To  the  two 
episcopal  papers  we  shall  add  the  one 
which  contains  the  judgment  of  the 
unnamed  **  eodljr  learned  in  the  ma- 
thematicalls. 

The  objections  stated  by  the  pre- 
lates are  divisible  into  three  classes. 
The)r  are  professional,  political,  and 
religious,  under  the  first  class  fidls 
their  adoption  of  the  Pope*s  view  of  the 
calendar  as  a  subject  of  ecclesiastical 
regulation.  They  think  it  to  be  a 
matter  "  ecclesiastical  or  mixed,  be- 
cause it  toucheth  festival  days,  and  so 
the  service  of  the  Church."  l^ey  con- 
tend that  as  the  old  calendar  came 
from  the  Nicene  Council  neither  the 
Pope  nor  Mr.  Secretary  Walsingham 
ought  to  alter  it  without  the  autho- 
rity of  another  similar  body;  adding 
further,  that  (as  we  suppose)  even  after 
a  general  council  if  tne  new  calen* 
dar  were  to  be  established  in  Eng- 
land it  must  be  done  by  convocation. 
For  the  further  consolation  of  the  Se- 
cretary of  State,  they  suggest  to  him 
that  over  and  above  a  general  council 
and  a  convocation  there  is  another  body 
that  ought  to  have  a  voice  in  the  matter 
— the  parliament — without  whose  con- 
sent an  alteration  could  not  be  made 
in  the  calendar  in  the  Prayer  Book. 

The  arguments  which  touch  upon 
public  policy  are  compai*atively  slight, 
and  principally  relate  to  the  confusion 
which  would  result  from  the  partial 
adoption  of  a  new  rule,  inasmuch  as 
roanv  persons  besides  Enslish  people 
would  not  accept  it.  They  further 
insist  upon  the  scandal  which  it  would 
be  in  the  sight  of  the  world,  for 
Englishmen,  and  especially  for  the 
English  clergy,  to  obey  the  Pope,  and 
that  it  would  be  said,  if  we  did  so, 
that  we  feared  his  threatened  excom- 


also  recelTe  the  judgment  of  some  godly 
learned  in  the  mathematicalls.  Thus  we 
take  our  leave,  prayenge  God  to  blesse 
your  honour  with  his  heavenly  favour  to 
the  benefitte  of  his  Churche  and  the  pro- 
motinge  of  his  gospell  and  eternall  glory. 
From  Lambeth  this  iiijth  of  Aprill,  1583. 
"  Y"  in  Christ. 

"  E.  Cant. 

**  John  Lond. 

*' John  Sarum. 

"John  Roffens." 

The  archbishop  and  bishops,  it  will 
be  seen,  at  once  set  themselves  4n 
deadly  array  against  the  proposed  al- 
teration. They  will  have  nothing  to 
do  with  it.  They  claim  a  ri^ht  for 
convocation  to  be  consulted  in  the 
matter,  and  they  brinjg  forth  also  a 
ground  of  objection  in  reference  to 
foreign  Protestant  churches,  which 
ought  to  prove  to  our  High  Church 
brethren,  tnat  their  present  estimate  of 
the  vaiidity  of  the  orders  of  those  foreign 
churches  docs  not  quite  accord  with 
that  entertained  by  the  Elizabetiban 
bishops.  But  the  principal  objections 
of  the  bishops  appear  more  clearly 
in  the  "certain  reasons  b;^  them 
collected,"  which  are  contained  in 
three  explanatory  papers,  copies  of 
which  are  preserved  in  the  Anstis  MS. 
These  papers  arc  pervaded  from  first 
to  last  by  a  most  sturdy  spirit  of  op- 
position to  Rome  and  all  its  belong- 
ings. The  Pope,  it  should  be  remem- 
bered, was  then  held  to  be  really  and 
in  truth  the  capital  enemy  of  our 
nation  and  our  faith;  he  was  the 
insolent  excommunicator  of  our  Queen, 
and  was  believed  to  be  the  foretold 
Antichrist,  the  deadly  adversary  of 
all  light  and  truth.  The  bishops 
thought  it  foul  scorn  to  receive  any- 
thing from  such  hands.  In  the  judg- 
ment of  reason  it  would  have  been 
better  if  the  churchmen  had  followed 
the  moderation  of  the  statesmen ;  if 
they  had  shewn  less  of  their  customary 
professional  spirit ;  if  they  had  thought 
more  about  tne  truth  and  not  quite  so 
much  about  the  Pope ;  but  still  one 
cannot  help  admiring  even  a  misdi- 
rected opposition  which  was  founded 
upon  such  obvious  patriotism,  and  was 
excited  by  the  unquestioned  insolence 
of  the  recent  papal  bull. 

The  papers  in  which  the  episcopal 
reasons  are  embodied  probably  pro- 
ceeded one  from  each  of  the  tnree 
bishops;  the    archbishop's  1[>lindne8s 


munication. 

The  religious  arguments  are  by  far 
the  roost  curious.  They  are  princi- 
pally these. 

1.  That,  inasmuch  as  all  the  re- 
formed churches  hold  the  Pope  to  be 
Antichrist,  we  may  not  (under  the 
authority  of  2  Cor.  vi.)  receive  any- 
thing from  him. 


456 


On  the  attempt  to  rectify  the  Calendar^  1584-5.  [Nov. 


2.  That  to  establish  the  alteration 
in  this  country  would  breed  a  schism 
between  our  Church  and  the  foreign 
reformed  churches,  similar  to  that  be- 
tween the  East  and  West  about  the 
Passover,  &c. 

3.  That  the  matter  was  of  no  great 
importance,  because  the  latter  day  ap- 
proaching there  could  not  be  much 
greater  change  in  the  course  of  the 
year  than  existed  already,  wherefore 
the  Pope  might  very  well  have  spared 
his  labour. 

The  principal  additional  argument  of 
the  godly  learned  in  the  mathematicals  is 
one  which,  although  of  little  weight  in 
itself,  is  peculiar  in  this  respect,  that 
it  is  the  only  one  in  which  the  question 
of  the  accuracy  or  inaccuracy  of  the 
papal  alteration  is  at  all  regarded. 
It  IS  this,  that  the  Pope  did  not  make 
the  alteration  out  of  any  desire  after 
the  truth,  or  he  would  not  have 
omitted  the  one  day  which  was  wrong 
at  the  time  of  the  Jf  icene  Council. 

This  brief  notice  of  the  contents  of 
these  papers  ought  not  to  prevent  any 
one  from  reading  them  entire,  as  they 
are  really  very  curious.  The  first 
paper  we  shall  print  runs  as  follows : — 

"  Reasons  touching  the  Pope's  Cal- 
lendar. 

**  1 .  First,  it  is  to  be  considered  whether 
the  altering  of  our  usual  callendar  be  a 
matter  meer  civil  or  ecclesiasticall  or 
mixte ;  if  it  be  meer  civill  tiicn  it  belongeth 
not  to  us  to  dealc  in  it,  but  if  it  be  meer 
ecclesiastical  or  uiixte,  as  we  think  it  is 
indeed,  because  it  toucheth  festival  days, 
and  so  the  service  of  tlie  church,  then  our 
opinions  are  as  foUoweth  ; — 

*'  2.  Seeing  the  old  callendar  which  is 
in  use  came  from  the  Nicene  cnunsell,  as 
they  sny  in  their  preface,  therefore  it  is 
convenient  that  if  it  be  changed,  it  be  done 
by  like  authority  of  a  general  and  [ecu- 
menical] counsell,  gathered  togetiier  in 
all  the  churches  in  Europe,  which  the 
Trydentyne  counsell  was  not,  because  the 
greater  part  of  the  Churches  being  re- 
formed were  excluded  and  yielded  no  con- 
sent unto  the  matter. 

"3.  If  it  should  be  established  here  in 
England,  it  must  be  done  (being  a  matter 
concerning  the  first  table)  by  a  synod  pro- 
vincial! assembled  in  convocation,  other- 
wise a  few  of  the  bishops,  namely  three 
or  four  dealing  in  it,  should  prejudice  all 
the  rest  being  absent. 

"4.  Item,  if  it  should  be  stablished 
here  by  a  synod  without  the   consent  of 


other  Churches  reformed  it  would  breed 
a  schisme  as  was  betwixt  the  east  mnd 
west  Churches  about  the  psssover,  sweet 
bread,  &c. 

**  5.  Item,  our  opinion  is  that  it  cannot 
be  altered  here  in  Englaude  by  the  cut- 
ting of  of  days  from  certeu  months,  but 
the  book  of  common  prayer  established 
by  acte  of  parliament  must  *  be  altered, 
which  is  against  the  statute. 

*'6.  Item,  seeing-  all  the  reformed 
Churches  in  Europe  for  the  most  part  doe 
hold  affirme  and  preach  that  the  Bishop  of 
Rome  is  Antichrist,  therefore  we  may 
x^t  communicate  with  him  in  any  thing 
as  receaved  from  him,  according  to  the 
Apostle,  2  Co.  6.  What  society  can  be 
betwut  Christ  and  Bellial  ?  which  <£ca- 
mcnius  and  others  doe  interpret  Anti- 
christ. 

''  7.  Item,  if  the  west  Church  about  the 
matter  of  the  passover  did  condemn  the 
Churches  of  Asia,  because  they  would 
have  nothing  common  with  the  Jews, 
therefore  we  ought  not  to  communicate 
with  the  Church  of  Rome  in  this  pointe, 
because  it  is  now  known  to  be  the  Church 
of  Antichrist 

^*  8.  Item,  if  it  be  objected  that  we  oom- 
nmnicate  with  them  now  in  some  sort  of 
prayers,  ceremonies,  festivals,  and  fMting 
days,  &c.  we  aunswere  that  these  thinga 
which  we  retain  came  from  the  Church 
before  it  was  corrupted,  and  especially 
before  the  Roman  Church  was  by  ex- 
perience found  to  be  according  to  the 
Scriptures  the  seat  of  Antichrist. 

*'5).  Item,  we  think  that  conceming 
civill  traffik  and  contracts  there  should 
grow  no  more  confusion  by  divers  compa- 
tations  of  countrys  than  doth  alreadie  by 
the  computation  of  the  year  of  the  Lord 
from  the  beginning  of  January  in  other 
places  and  from  our  Lady  Day  in  England. 
"10.  Item,  we  think  that  it  will  be 
scandalous  and  offensive  to  all  the  world 
to  yeald  herein  to  the  Pope,  for  it  will  he 
tiiought  that  we  of  the  Clergie  will  be  ea 
ready  to  yeald  unto  them  in  other  things. 
"11.  Item,  because  the  Pope  in  hia 
preface  doth  use  these  words,  'prssci- 
pimus,"  *  mandamus,'  *  under  payne  of 
excommunication,'  if  we  should  admittit, 
we  should  seem  to  fear  his  ezcommuniee- 
tion  who  hath  most  presumptuonslj  ex- 
communicated the  Queen,  and  so  con- 
firmc  the  Papists  and  offend  the  weak 
brethren. 

"  12.  Item,  if  it  were  to  be  done  Ibr 
policie  it  had  been  more  convenient  to 
have  done  it  before  the  coming  forth  of  ^m 
bull  or  long  after,  and  not  In  the  heat  of 
his  edict,  for  so  it  will  be  taken  to 
from  him,  because  the  ground  of  It 


1 


*  mu«t  not,  in  MS. 


1851.]        On  the  attempt  to  rectify  the  Calendar,  1584-5. 


457 


from  him,  what  pretence  soever  be  made 
to  the  contrary. 

"13.  Item,  the  matter  being  of  no  great 
importance  or  necessity  (as  we  thinke), 
especially  because  that  the  latter  day  ap- 
proching,  as  by  all  conjectures  in  the 
opinion  of  many  godly  learned  wryters 
and  divines,  it  is  to  be  presumed  there 
cannot  happen  or  grow  anye  much  greater 
alteration  in  the  order  and  course  of  the 
year  than  is  already,  we  doe  think  that 
the  Pope  might  very  well  have  spared  his 
labour  in  this  matter,  as  the  Church  hath 
done  from  Christ^s  time  hitherto. 

"14.  Item,  we  think  it  to  be  not  of 
necessity,  because  both  our  religion  in  all 
points  and  our  policy  may  stand  without 
observing  the  old  usages  before. 

*•  If  the  Prince  of  Aurenge  and  other 
magistrates  of  the  Low  Country  have  re- 
ceaved  it,  we  are  not  to  be  carryed  by  their 
example,  because  they  have  admitted  the 
publick  exercise  of  antichristian  religion, 
by  grauntinge  the  masse  in  diverse 
churches,  and  they  are  driven  to  yeald 
some  things  for  the  better  quieting  that 
state,  as  the  exercise  of  masse  aforesaid. 
They  have  turbatam  rempublicam, -which 
God  be  praised  we  have  not,  having  not 
hitherto  received  any  thing  sent  by  that 
Church. 

"  To  receive  decrees  from  the  Tryden- 
tine  Counsell,  being  condemned  by  all 
the  reformed  Churches,  as  not  lawfull 
counsel],  and  so  many  protestations  being 
made  by  all  the  reformed  Churches  against 
it,  is  but  tacito  consensu  prodere  causam 
nostram  et  religionis  et  illi  concilio  adhe- 
rere. 

"  Irenius  held  that  Victor  the  Bishop  of 
Rome  did  evill  to'"  compell  the  East 
Church  to  follow  them  of  the  West  in  a 
thing  that  Churches  may  differ  in,  as  in 
all  ceremonies,  and  specially  of  the  Lent 
fast,  without  any  danger  of "  t 

Tlie  other  episcopal  paper  which  we 
propose  to  print  stands  as  follows : — 

"  Certen   reasons  alleged   to   shewe 
why  that,  though  it  be  a  thing  in- 
different to  alter  the  kalendar  ac- 
cording  to    that   which    is   called 
Kalendarium  Gregorianum,  yet  it 
is  not  expedient. 
''1.  First,  it  is  likely  to  ingendre  a 
new   schisme  at  home  among  us,  where 
there  are  so  many  that  myslike  of  things 
allreadie  established  being  of  smaller  im- 
portance. 

"2.  It  would  breed  great  offence  abrode 
in  other  reformed  Churches  which  have 
not  as  yet  receaved  it,  but  written  against 


it,  as  it  appeareth  in  some  of  their  bookes : 
alleging  that  the  Bishop  of  Rome  hath  al- 
tered it  only  in  respect  of  religion,  as  it  is 
manifest  in  the  preface  of  the  said  ka- 
lender. 

"  We  should  seeme  to  some,  not  duly 
considering  the  cause  of  the  alteration, 
nor  well  staid  in  religion,  that  we  doe  it 
for  fear  of  the  Pope's  curse  and  excom- 
munication, because  he  doth  command  it 
under  payne  of  excommunication  to  be 
observed  by  all  men. 

"  To  prove  that  it  is  not  neeetsary  in 
respect  qf  policy  these  reasons  are 
used : — 

'*  1.  First,  we  differ  from  all  other 
contrees  one  whole  quarter  in  accompt  of 
the  yere  without  any  inconvenience :  we 
may  by  the  like  reason  differ  from  them 
in  accompt  of  days. 

"  2.  Notwithstanding  the  kalendar  were 
so  reformed,  yet  should  we  differ  in 
accompt  of  days  from  all  other  contrees 
and  churches  not  receiving  the  said  ka- 
lendar, which  would  breed  a  great  con- 
fusion and  doubtfulness  in  reconing. 

"  3.  A  kalendar  in  columnes  may  be 
drawn  where  the  days  of  the  newe  moneth 
may  so  answer  the  days  of  the  old,  that 
any  man  may  perceave  at  the  first  viewe 
what  day  it  is,  both  by  the  one  and  by  the 
other,  which  may  serve  for  trafiBcke  with 
foreign  contreys  as  well  as  if  the  kalendar 
were  altered. 

'*  4.  Mutations  and  alterations  in  com- 
monwelthes  are  not  to  be  allowed  (as 
diverse  learned  and  wise  authors  do  write), 
unless  necessitee  inforce  therieunto,  but 
there  is  no  such  necessitee  in  alteration  of 
the  kalendar,  no  not  in  respect  of  traffique. 
For  it  is  affirmed  that  diverse  marchants 
of  best  experience  inhabiting  within  the 
citee  of  London  do  think  and  offer  to 
prove,  that  they  may  use  their  trafficke  as 
well  without  that  alteration  as  with  it. 

**  And  that  it  is  inconvenient  in  pO' 
licie  to  receave  the  said  kalendar 
these  reasons  following  seem  to 
prove  : 

"1.  The  alteration  will  ease  but  a  few, 
vi2.— such  as  have  traffick  with  foreyn 
nations  ;  but  to  the  rest  of  the  realm  it 
will  be  troublesome.  For  the  old  rules  of 
the  compound  manuel  of  the  Golden  num- 
ber, of  the  epact  and  cycle  of  the  sonne, 
&c..  whereby  generally  the  people  of  this 
realroe  doe  find  out  the  course  of  the  year, 
the  change  of  the  moon,  and  consequently 
the  tides  and  the  Dominical  letter,  &c. 
(which  hitherto  have  served  them)  will  be 
wholly  out  of  use,  and  hardly  shall  they 


•  the,  in  MS. 
Gknt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


t  Addit.  MS.  14,S91,  fo.  175. 

3N 


458 


On  the  attempt  to  rectify  the  Calendar,  1584-5.  [Nov. 

answer  to  the  days  of  the  old,  that  anj 
man  perceave  at  the  first  view  what  day  it 
is,  both  by  the  new  moneth  and  the  old. 

"  The  councell  of  Nice,  although  they 
saw  the  ods  of  one  day  in  their  time,  yet 
they  toke  no  order  farther  then  might 
serve  to  sever  them  from  the  Jews  and 
Quartadecimani . 

**  The  same  reason  as  move[d]  the 
Nicene  councell  to  differ  from  the  Jewes 
and  Quartadecimani  may  move  us  to 
differ  from  the  Bishop  of  Rome. 

''By  subducting  ten  days  one  or  more 
Sundays  after  Trinity  must  be  omitted , 
which  will  breed  confusion  in  the  manner 
of  prayers. 

**  The  thing  which  indeed  moved  the 
Bishop  of  Rome  to  this  alteration,  was 
the  manner  of  his  Popish  service,  as  the 
reformers  themselves  do  testify.'^ 

What  effect  such  reasons  produced 
upon  Elizabeth,  and  her  advisers,  wo 
have  not  discovered.  They  would  be 
weighed  not  in  proportion  to  their 
wisdom  but  to  the  power  of  the  ob- 
jectors, and  £lizabeth*s  government 
seems  to  have  under-estimated  that 
power.  In  a  few  months  Grindal 
rested  from  his  labours,  leaving  the 
work  of  calendar-making  to  a  suc- 
cessor who  was  little  likely  to  bate  one 
jot  of  ecclesiastical  power.    What  com- 


learn  new,  which  peradventure  also  will 
be  more  uncertain. 

"2.  As  this  alteration  will  only  ease 
such  as  traffik,  so  will  it  not  ease  them 
all,  nor  the  most  ))art,  but  unto  many  will 
bring  as  great  trouble  as  it  will  be  unto 
others  if  it  be  not  altered,  viz.  To  such  as 
have  ocL'asion  to  traffik  with  the  north  and 
north-east  parts  (wbo  have  not  receaved 
this  alteration),  for  that  with  them  they 
must  be  driven  to  use  the  old  kalendar 
still. 

"  3.  The  best  way,  therefore,  and  suf- 
ficient for  all  needful  purposes,  seemeth 
to  be  this,  viz.  To  suffer  the  old  to  stand 
in  common  use,  and  to  add  the  new  in 
some  almanack,  in  diverse  columns,  with 
every  day  answerable  to  the  old,  as  is 
aforesaid.* 

**  The  opinion  of  some  godlie  learned 
mathematicians. 

**  Tn  this  reformation  we  cannot  allege 
a  desire  of  the  trueth,  for  tliat  the  Bishop  of 
Rome,  whome  we  shall  folow  in  it,  had  no 
rtrspect  to  the  trueth  at  [all] ,  for  by  that  one 
odd  day,  which  grew  in  30()  years  from 
Christ  till  the  councell,  it  may  fall  out 
that  our  Easters  will  square  ns  much  as 
bye  these  [new  rules] ,  although  not  so  oft ; 
moreover,  the  reformer  himself, Lilius.con- 
fesscth,  as  indeed  he  needs  must,  that  by 
his  cycle  of  Epacts  it  will  come  some  time 
to  pass  that  Easter  day  sliall  fall  after  the 
21st  of  the  moon,  which  is  most  absurd,  for 
that  then  it  shall  not  fall  upon  the  next 
Sunday  after  the  full  moon,  which  is 
[dean]  against  the  Nicene  councell. 

**  If  the  celebrating  of  Easter  and 
Christmas  move  us,  for  Easter  we  may 
reform  it  without  this  great  alteration  of 
the  whole  calendar,  so  that  our  Easter, 
as  this  year  it  hath,  so  ever  shall  here- 
after, agree  with  tlie  Nicene  councell  with- 
out thiit  taking  away  of  ten  days ;  for 
Christmas  the  thing  is  more  indifferent,  as 
being  a  thing  uncertain  when  it  should  be. 

''As  we  now  differ  from  our  neigh- 
bours' account  in  the  moneth,  so  we  ever 
did  in  the  account  of  our  year,  and  yet  we 
never  thought  of  changing,  although  this 
difference  in  year  was  much  greater  than 
the  other,  in  which  we  differ  not  from  so 
many. 

"  It  wear  good  to  see  the  Bishop  of 
Rome's  book  before  we  procede  to  any 
alteration. 

"  It  wear  good  that  we  applied  our- 
selves somewhat  hearin  to  the  reformed 
churches. 

"  For  traffick  with  forren  countries  a 
calendar  in  columnes  may  be  drawen, 
whereat  the  days  of  the  new  moneth  may 


munication  £lizabeth*s  government 
had  with  WhitgifY  upcm  the  subject 
docs  not  appear.  GriiidaKs  suggestion 
of  a  general  councif  Walsingham  no 
doubt  declined.  Even  to  consult  the 
convocation  upon  such  a  point  was 
advice  not  likely  to  be  a^pted  by 
him.  He  preferred  an  attempt  upon 
the  last  of  the  three  deliberative  bodies 
sugtrested  by  Grindal,  and  had  he  suc- 
ceeded in  parliament  would  probably 
have  rested  under  the  shadow  of  its  sup- 
j)ose<l  omni{)ot<2nce.  Parliament  met 
in  1584,  and  on  the  16th  March, 
li>84-5,  a  bill  was  brought  into  the 
House  of  Lords,  and  read  a  first  timcy 
entitled,  "  An  Act  giving  Her  Ma- 
jesty authority  to  alter  and  new  make 
a  Calendar  according  to  the  Calendar 
used  in  other  countries.**  An  imper- 
fect entry  on  the  Journals  records  that 
this  bill  was  read  a  second  time  on  the 
1  Stli  of  the  same  March.  From  whom 
opposition  to  it  came,  or  what  was  the 
iuiniediate  eflcct  of  the  opposition,  does 
not  aj)pear,  but  from  that  time  the 
bill  disappears.     There  is  no  further 


*  Addit.  MS.  14,291,  fo.  172. 


t  Ibid.  14,921.  fo.  174. 


1851.] 


The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


459 


entry  about  it,  or  notice  of  it  upon  the 
Journals.  When  the  papers  of  the 
House  of  Lords  are  duly  arranged  in 
their  new  place  of  deposit  probably 
the  abandoned  biU  may  yet  be  found, 
with  some  explanatory  indorsement. 

This  opposition  stayed  a  great  pub- 
lic reform  for  no  less  a  period  than 
170  years.  Many  intermediate  at- 
tempts were  made  to  rouse  attention 
to  the  subject,  and  whenever  that  was 
the  case  the  labours  of  Dee  were  ho- 
nourably referred  to.  Incalculable 
was  the  amount  of  confusion  and 
mistake  which  resulted  from  the  long 
delay ;  and  even  at  last,  in  1751, 
when  the  theological  prejudice  had 
probably  died  out.  Lord  Chester- 
field, who  proposed  and  carried  the 
alteration,  had  to  combat  an  amount 
of  ignorant  op[)osition,  in  all  classes  of 
society,  which  is  almost  inconceivable. 
Hb  fellow  ministers  would  have  had 
him  let  what  they  called  '*  well  **  alone, 


and  a  rabble  followed  him  through  the 
streets,  afler  the  bill  was  passed,  hoot- 
ing and  exclaiming  '*  Give  us  back  our 
eleven  days ! "  llie  result  is  humili- 
ating, and  yet  encouraging.  If  the 
Pope  had  put  forth  the  alteration  in 
any  other  way  than  that  which  suited 
the  character  of  his  ecclesiastical  des- 
potism, it  would  probably  have  been 
adopted  at  once.  But  in  spite  of  all 
the  prejudice  with  which  his  insolence 
surrounded  the  question,  we  see  in 
this  narrative  an  example  of  that  great 
fact  which  history  so  clearly  teaches ; 
the  absolute  certainty  of  the  ultimate 
triumph  of  truth.  Its  entrance  may 
be  opposed  by  prejudice,  it  may  l>e 
driven  out  by  power,  its  return  may 
be  barred  by  mountains  upon  moun- 
tains of  ignorance,  bigotry,  and  false- 
hood; — it  matters  not.  Be  faithful, 
yon  who  uphold  its  cause ;  succeed  it 
must! 


THE  YORKSHIRE  REBELLION  IN  1489. 


THE  historical  accounts  of  the  do- 
mestic affairs  of  the  kingdom  during 
the  third  and  fourth  years  of  the  reign 
of  King  Henry  VII.  are  extremely 
imperfect.  Even  the  insurrection  of 
the  commons  of  Yorkshire  in  the 
spring  of  1489,  in  which  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland  was  slain,  is  com- 
memorated by  our  early  annalists 
in  a  brief  and  meagre  narrative  which 
affords  but  little  explanation.  We 
propose  to  glean  from  the  York  ar- 
chives such  additional  facts  as  are 
illustrative  of  the  origin  and  progress 
of  that  very  important  incident. 

By  the  second  parliament  of  this 
reign,  which  commenced  its  sittings  at 
Westminster  on  the  9th  of  November 
1487,*  a  subsidy  of  two-fifteenths  and 
two-tenths  was  granted  to  the  King, 
to  be  paid  by  equal  instalments  on  the 
24th  of  June  and  the  10th  of  Novem- 
ber in  the  following  year.  This  was 
the  first  tax  that  had  been  imposed 
since  Henry's  accession,  and  (as  Lord 
Bacon  observes)  "  it  bare  a  fruit  that 
proved  harsh  and  bitter." 

As  the  time  approached  when  the 


first  half  of  the  subsidy  would  become 
due,  the  King  sent  the  following  privy 
seal  to  York : 

**  By  the  Kyng. — Trusty  and  welbe- 
lovyd  we  grete  you  wele,  not  doubtyng 
but  that  your  wysdoms  can  remembre  and 
wele  considre  that  the  use  and  entretei^- 
ing  of  sad  rule  and  good  governaunoe  in 
every  cite  and  towne  first  and  principally 
pleaseth  God,  and  eatablisshech  perfite 
rest  and  trauquillitie,  norissbeth  and  en- 
creaseth  loTe,  canseth  plentie  and  habuud- 
ance,  and  lawea  to  have  thare  due  courses, 
justice  to  be  indifFerentlie  ministred  and 
executed,  the  universall  weale  alwey  en- 
hauncynfi^  and  fiowryng  by  tbies  behalves, 
and  by  the  contrary  use  and  way  ensewen 
commotions,  striffes,  debates,  povertie, 
and  miserie,  and  many  othre  inconveni- 
ences ;  the  peril  and  daunger  whereof 
must  of  reason  be  arrected  and  layed  to 
the  charge  of  those  persones  having  rule 
and  auctoritie  whare  any  mysgovemauncet 
be  haunted,  if  by  thare  omissions  and  neg- 
ligences th'  offendours  be  sufFred  to  renne 
in  boldnesse  unpunyshed  :  and  forasmuch 
as  we  have  and  here  as  good  mynde  and 
large  affection  to  all  our  true  iubjettes, 
and  be  desirous  of  the  comon  wele  of  this 
our  realme,  as  ever  did  eny  our  noble  pre- 


*  On  the  16th  of  the  preceding  month  Alderman  Nicholas  Lancaster  and  Alderman 
John  Gilliot  were  elected  knights  of  the  parliament  for  the  city  of  York. 


460 


The  Yorkshire  JRehellion  in  1489. 


[Nov. 


decessours,  God  be  our  judge,  therefor  we 
write  unto  you  at  this  tymc,  desiring  and 
straitly  commaunding  you  to  endeavour 
you  from  hensforth,  by  your  best  wise- 
domes  and  diligences,  to  see  that  gude 
rule  and  substancial  guydinges  be  iirmelie 
had  and  effectually  folowed  in  all  places 
within  your  jurisdiction,  havyng  full  gude 
and  wise  awaite  contynuelly,  that  if  eny 
Tagabundes,   riotours,   or   ungudelie  dis- 
posed  personnes,   resiannt    or    repairing 
amonges  yon,  presume  or  tak  upon  them 
to  make  any  embraciaries,  affrayes,  or  de- 
bates, by  colour  or  boldnesse,  or  lyveries, 
or  otherwise,  or  to  sowe  any  sedeciouse 
langage,  arreise  any  rumours,  or  forge  or 
contrive  newes  or  tidinges  of  us,  or  eny 
estates  of  this  our  land,  or  of  other  with- 
oute  the  same,  to  abuse  and  blynde  our 
innocent  subjettes,  provoking  or  endusing 
theym  to  renne  or  falle  into  rebellion  and 
desobeisaunce,  in  subversion  of  all  gude 
rule  and  pollicie,  ye  than  fail  not  to  attach 
and  committe  to  sure  warde,  without  baile 
or  delyverauncc,  all  tho  that  ye  shall  fynde 
gilty  or  suspect  in  the  premessez,  and  to 
certifie  ns  thare  names,  with  the  ^pecialtie 
of  thare  offences,  to  th'entent  that  we  may 
gyffe  you  for  your  gude  acquitall  our  spe- 
ciall  thankes,  and  sliewe  therapon  our  for- 
ther  pleasour  for  thare   due  and   lawful 
punytiun  ;  latting  you  wite  that  if  it  cam 
to  our  eires  and  perfite  knowlege,  that  if 
ye  suffre  such  misruled  people  using  eny 
unfitting  langage,  or  reising  any  rumours, 
or  offending  in  any  pnyntes  above  rehersed, 
to  escape  you  unpunysshed,  contrarie  to 
your'dutie  both  anenst  God  and  us,  we 
shaU  so  sharpelie  lay  it  to  your  blame  and 
charge,  with  punysshement  according,  as 
shalbe  to  the  feirful  president  and  grevuse 
example  of  all  other  our   subjettes   and 
officers  disobeissant  to  execute  our  like  and 
special   commaundmentes,    which    things 
therefore  we  advise  you  to  call  and  take 
to  herte  accordinglie. 

'*  Yeven  under  our  signet,  at  our  castell 
of  Wyndesore,  the  iij  day  of  Juyn. 

"  To  our  trusty  and  welbeloved  the 
mair  and  shireffes  of  our  cite  of 
Yorke.»» 

This  rpyal  missive  was  produced  to 
the  city  council  at  a  meeting  held  on 
the  17th  of  June.  The  council  ordered 
that  "  for  certain  considerations,  it 
should  be  read  shortly  before  the 
searchers,"  that  its  contents  nn'ght  be 
made  known  to  the  several  trades  and 
craf\5  of  the  city.  The  object  of  the 
letter,  although  it  contained  no  direct 
allusion  to  the  subsidy,  could  not  be 
mistaken.  The  King\s  admonitions 
and  threats  were  plainly  meant  to 
convey  to  the  citizens  his  determina- 


tion that  the  tax  should  be  duly  paid. 
That  this  was  the  constructioa  put 
upon  the  King*s  language  by  the  par- 
ties to  whom  it  was  addressea,  is 
shown  by  the  result  of  their  further 
deliberations  upon  it.  A  few  days  af- 
terwards they  dispatched  the  follow- 
ing letters  to  the  archbishop  and  the 
recorder : — 

*^  To  the  most  reverent  fader  in  God 
the  Archebisshop  of  York,  primate 
of  England. 
'*  Most  reverend  fadder  in  Qod^  and  our 
most  especial  and  singuler  gude  Lorde,  we 
ui  our  most  humblie  wise  recommend  at 
unto  your  gude  lordship,  thankyng  the 
same  in  as  hertile  wise  as  to  us  may  be 
possible,  for  the  manyfold  benefitet  which 
ye  have  shewed  at  large  unto  us  and  to 
this  your  pore  cite  at  all  tymes  herebe- 
fore,  for  the  which  we  with  our  bodies  and 
goodes  shalbe  redy  at  all  tymes  to  do  your 
pleasour  and  service  at  the  uttermoit  of 
our  powers,  with   our  daylie  prayers  to 
God  for  the  contynuanoe  of  your  most 
prosperous  state.     Sir,  pleas  it  your  gude 
lordship  to  have  knowligethatooosideriog 
the  nyghnes  of  the  tyme  of  payment  of 
the  oon  halfendell  of  the  tax  late  graonted 
to  our  sovereign  lorde  the  King,  with  the 
fervent  desire  the  which  we  have  to  pleas 
his  grace  according  to  our  natural  dewtes, 
notwithstanding  the  greit  povertie,  myne, 
and   decae  of  this  said  cite,  wherby  we 
have   ben  the  rather    induced    to    mak 
effectual   levy  of  the  said  tax,  and  ther- 
for  also  hath  put  it  in  real  suretie  to 
be  had   when  the  case  shall  require  of 
the  oon  partie,  and  on  the  other  partie 
calling  to  mynde  the  common  opynion  of 
men  here,  supposing  that  our  said  sove* 
reign  lorde  of  his  greit  benignitie  wol  re- 
mit and  fiilly  pardon  us  and  other  of  thie 
north  parties  the  same  tax,  with  that  also 
that  we  be  credable  enformed,  that  in  the 
cuntries  about  us  here  as  yit  no  levy  It 
maid  of  the  same,  we  have  sent  up  the 
berer  herof  to  John  Vavesonr,  the  Kinges 
seijant  at  the  lawe,  our  recorder,  for  the 
execution  of  certain  thinges  consemyog 
the  publique  wele  of  this  your  cite,  among 
whom  we  have  desired  hym  of  the  consi- 
derations above  writen  to  be  mean  to  the 
Kinges  grace,  or  som  of  his  most  noble 
counsell,  that  we  may  have  perfite  know* 
lige  of  the  pleasour  of  his  said  grace  in 
the  premisses,  whether  disposed  to  have 
redy  payment  of  the  said  tax,  or  to  have  it 
kept  in  our  handes,to  his  pleasour  forther 
understood  in  that  behalf,  or  if  it  shall  to 
content  his  highnes,  which  God  graunt^ 
nowe  to  panlon  the  same,  which  we  trust 
his  grace  wolbe  inclined  as  son  to  do  unto 
us,  in  consideration  of  the  said  poferte, 


1851.] 


The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


461 


ruyne,  and  decae,  as  onto  eny  other  his 
sugettes  in  these  parties  :  wherefor  we  in 
our  most  humhlie  wise  besecheth  your 
gude  lordship,  not  ooelie  by  your  most 
honorable  lettres,  to  be  direct  to  the 
Kinges  grace,  or  som  of  his  most  noble 
couDsell,  votsave  to  labour  for  th'effectuall 
accompHsshment  of  our  said  desire,  hot 
as  well  to  shewe  unto  the  said  berer  your 
best  advise  in  that  behalf  for  the  comforth 
and  suretie  of  us  in  the  same  ;  wherby  as 
herbefore  ye  have  don  in  gret  thinges,  ye 
shall  surelie  fasten  us  and  the  pore  inha- 
bits ntes  here  to  your  contynuall  service, 
with  our  prayers  to  God  during  our  lyves 
by  the  grace  of  the  same*;  who  preserve 
your  most  reverend  fadder  in  God,  and 
our  most  especial  and  singuler  gude  lorde, 
in  felicitie,  with  encrese  of  goode  fortunes 
long  to  endour  to  his  pleasour. 

*•  Writen  at  your  cite  of  York  the  xxiii. 
day  of  Juyn. 

*'  Your  most  hnmbliebeidmen  and 
servantes,  at  thare  pore  power, 
the  maior,  shirefFes,  and  alder- 
men, of  your  cite  of  Yorke." 


**  To  the  right  worshapful  Sir  John 
Vavesour,  oon  of  the  Kinges  ser- 
jantes  at  the  lawe,  and  recorder  of 
the  cite  of  York. 
Right  worshupful  Sir,  we  recomend 
us  unto  you,  desyring  you  to  call  unto 
your  remembraunce  howe  we  before  this 
hath  writen  uuto  you,  shovnng  the  gret 
decae;  ruyne,  and  povertie  of  the  cite  of 
York,  and  the  Kinges  sugiettes  within  the 
same,  we  doubt  not  hot  ye  understond  the 
same,  ne  man  better  ;  wherefor  the  cause 
of  this  our  writing  to  you  at  this  tyme  is 
this :  we  prepare  us  in  gadering  of  the 
Kinges  tax,  by  the  comaundement  of  his 
collectors,  more  largelie  and  hastelie  than 
the  cuntre  doeth,  for  the  which  this  hole 
commonaltie,  and  the  Kinges  sugettes 
aforsaid,  marvels  much  we  so  deill,  saing 
they  trust,  remembring  thare  greit  pover- 
tie, the  King  of  his  most  benevolent  grace 
mfd  be  as  gude  and  gracious  lorde  unto 
tnam  and  to  us  as  to  eny  other  place 
within  this  realme;  for  which  cause,  and 
for  all  our  weales,  we  hertilie  desire  and 
pray  you  to  be  gude  mesn  for  us  all  unto 
the  said  Kinges  grace,  so  that  we  myght 
understand  hu  gracious  mynde,  for  we  ben 
as  fereful  for  his  greit  displeasour  as  eny 
other  his  sugettes  vrithin  this  his  realme  : 
wherfor,  mastre  recorder,  howe  we  shalbe 
demeaned  in  the  premisses  we  hertilie  de- 
sire and  pray  you  of  your  most  best  and 
faithfull  advise  and  counsell ;  and  that  to 
this  berer,  in  thinges  that  he  shall  shew 
unto  you  upon  our  behalve,  to  giff  cre- 
dence :    and  for   your  curtas   lettre,  the 


(t 


which  ye  of  late  did  send  us,  in  the  which 
we  understand  by  your  greit  diligence  and 
labour  it  hath  taken  and  good  speid,  for 
which  and  other  your  greit  and  effectual 
labour  in  this  behalf,  by  the  grace  of  GU)d, 
at  your  next  comyng  home,  to  deserve  it 
at  your  pleasour,  who  preserve  you.     In 
haste  from  Yorke  the  xxiij.  day  of  Juyn. 
"  By  the  maior,  shireffes,  alder- 
men, and  the  hole  counsel!   of 
the  cite  of  Yorke." 

From  the  tenor  of  these  letters  it  is 
obvious  that  the  citizens  of  York  en- 
tertained no  idea  of  being  disobedient 
to  the  law.  They  had  already  made 
**an  effectual  levy  of  the  tax,"  and 
were  prepared  to  pay  their  proportion 
at  the  time  appointed.  But  they  had 
discovered  that  the  people  of  the 
country  around  them  had  refused  to 
make  any  levy,  marvelling  at  the  rea- 
diness 01  the  citizens  to  submit  to  the 
obnoxious  impost,  and  affecting  to  be 
fully  persuaded  that  the  King  would 
consider  their  poverty  and  relieve  them 
from  this  grievous  burden.  Should 
the  expectation  of  their  neighbours 
prove  well  founded,  the  citizens  might 
reasonably  look  for  the  same  indul- 
gence to  be  extended  to  themselves, 
and  hence  their  desire  to  obtain, 
through  the  archbishop,  '*  a  perfect 
knowledge  of  the  royal  pleasure.** 

Several  months  passed  and  no  com- 
munication relating  to  the  tax  was 
received  at  York.  That  the  York 
council  had  in  the  interval  made  a 
further  effort  to  propitiate  the  King, 
appears  from  the  following  letter  of 
the  Lord  Treasurer : — 

"  To  the  right  worshipful  the  Maier 
and  his  brethren  sidermen  of  the 
cite  of  York. 
*'  Right  Wirshupful,  I  recommend  me 
unto  you  :  and  like  it  you  to  wit  1  have 
receyved  your  letters,  and  also  herd  the 
credence  shewid  unto  me  on  your  hehalve 
by  my  friende  Vavesour,  your  recorder. 
And  whereas  at  this  tyme  the  Kinges 
grace  is  content  and  paid  by  you  of  that 
one  half  of  the  xv"*'  for  the  citie  of  York, 
except  xxx"  wherof  ye  desire  to  have 
alowanoe.  As  therunto  it  hath  not  bene 
accustomyd  that  eny  alowanoe  ihnld  be 
had  therof  unto  the  ful  payment  of  the 
hole  xv<"',  and  ye  nede  not  to  mystrust  the 
Kinges  highnes  therin,  for  he  is  your 
gracious  severegn  lorde  unto  you,  and  so 
hath  ben  sith  the  begynyng  of  his  noble 
reign  ;  and  thof  there  be  eny  service  that 
I  can  do  for  you,  and  the  well  of  the  said 


462 


The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


[Nov. 


cite,  I  wold  be  right  glad  after  my  litell 
power  to  do  it :  tUat  knoweth  God,  who 
preserve  you.  At  Westmynstre  the  xiiij. 
day  of  Octobre. 

'*  Your, 

«  Dynham."* 

The  Lord  Treasurer's  letter  would 
convince  the  corporation  that  they  had 
no  prospect  of  escaping  the  full  pay- 
ment of  the  tax,  although  it  might  allow 
them  to  hope  that  some  remission  would 
be  ultimately  conceded ;  and  this  hope 
would  probably  be  encouraged  by 
their  receiving,  shortly  afterwards,  the 
King's  commands  to  appoint  one  of 
their  body  to  attend  a  meeting  of  the 
privy  council,  which  was  to  be  held  at 
Westminster,  on  the  tenth  of  the  en- 
suing month,  the  very  day  fixed  by  the 
act  of  parliament  for  the  payment  of 
the  second  moiety  of  the  subsidy. 
They  deputed  alderman  Sir  Richard 
Yorke  "  to  ride  up  to  this  great  and 
honourable  council,  according  to  the 
intent  of  the  King's  letters  missive  ;"t 
but  he  returned  without  bringing  any 
satisfactory  intelligence  on  tlie  subject 
of  the  tax.  The  only  result  of  his 
journey  that  is  put  upon  record,  af- 
fords an  instance  of  the  sovereign's 
clemency.  On  the  4t]i  of  December, 
Sir   Richard  Yorke   reported  to   the 


corporation  that  he  had  obtwned  the 
royal  pardon  for  one  Thomas  Sturgeon, 
who  nad  been  imprisoned  several 
months  in  the  kidcote  of  York  for 
seditious  language.} 

On  the  last  day  of  the  year  1488  the 
corporation  of  York,  assembled  in  obe- 
dience to  the  King's  writ  to  elect  two 
citizens  to  represent  them  in  the  par- 
liament which  was  to  be  held  at  West- 
minster, on  the  thirteenth  of  January ; 
and  their  choice  fell  upon  the  two  al- 
dermen who  had  recently  received  the 
honour  of  knighthood,  Sir  Richard 
Yorke  and  Sir  William  Todd.  At  this 
meeting  it  was  also  determined  to 
send  letters  to  the  Lord  Chancellor, 
the  Lord  Treasurer,  and  the  Lord 
Privy  Seal,  "  for  the  abatement  of  the 
tax  ; '  from  which  it  appears  that  the 
whole  of  the  amount  was  not  at  that 
time  actually  paid. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  extent 
of  popular  dissatisfaction,  no  interrup- 
tion of  the  public  tranquillity  had 
as  yet  occurred  :  but  the  new  year 
had  scarcely  commenced  when  we  find 
indications  of  restlessness  and  insub- 
ordination even  among  the  usually 
quiet  and  well-conducted  citizens  of 
York.  A  short  time  previous  to  the 
day  §  appointed  for  the  annual  election 


*  John  Lord  Dynham,  K.G.  Lord  Treasurer  of  England  during  great  part  of  this 
reign.  He  bad  stood  high  in  the  favour  of  King  Edward  IV.  and  preserved  his  poliCi« 
cal  importance  on  the  accession  of  Henry  VIL — (Testam.  Vetusta,  p.  496.) 

t  As  this  was  a  special  service  Sir  Richard  Yorke  was  to  have  the  eztraordinarf 
allowance  of  7«.  per  diem  for  his  costs  and  charges  during  the  time  he  should  attend 
upon  the  council. 

t  The  following  privy  seal,  addressed  to  the  mayor  and  sheriffs  of  York,  states  the 
charge  against  Sturgeon,  and  shows  the  arbitrary  and  cruel  manner  in  which  offences 
of  this  nature  were  dealt  with.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  phrase  "  our  majesty 
royal/'  occurs  in  this  letter,  which  furnishes  perhaps  one  of  the  earliest  examples  is 
England  of  the  use  of  the  word  **  majesty  '*  as  a  title  of  sovereignty. 

"  By  the  King. 

*'  Trusty  and  wellbeloved,  we  greet  you  well :  and  forsomuch  as  we  be  credibly  in-, 
formed  that  Thomas  Sturgeon  and  William  Willemot,  of  that  our  city  of  York,  have 
uttered  of  their  great  untruth  and  contrary  to  their  natural  duties  of  allegiance,  certain 
seditious  and  opprobrious  language  against  our  majesty  royal,  for  the  which  we  may 
not  suffer  them  to  pass  unpunished;  therefore  we  will  and  in  the  straitest  way  com* 
mand  you,  considering  that  ye  be  our  lieutenant  there,  that  upon  the  next  market  day 
after  the  receipt  of  these  our  letters,  ye  do  one  of  them  to  be  set  upon  the  pillory  for  a 
certain  season,  and  both  his  oars  to  be  cut  off,  and  afterward  to  be  committed  to 
prison,  tliere  to  remain  without  bail  [or]  maiuprize  till  ye  understand  onr  further  pleasure 
in  that  behalf ;  and  that  on  the  second  market  day  ye  do  like  execution  to  the  other 
his  fellow,  in  evident  knowledge  of  their  grievous  offences,  and  to  the  fearful  example 
of  others,  that  will  enforce  them  semblably  to  behave  them  hereafter  :  not  leaving  this 
our  special  commandment  undone,  as  yc  will  avoid  our  high  displeasure,  and  answer 
therefore  unto  us  at  your  uttermost  peril :  Given  under  our  signet  at  our  castle  of 
Wimlesor  the  last  day  of  May." 

§  St.  Blaize's  day,  February  3rd. 


1851.] 


Tlie  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


463 


of  Mayor,  the  retiring  Lord  Mayor, 
being  privately  warned  that  certain 
unruly  spirits  intend  to  disturb  the 
peace  of  the  city  on  that  occasion, 
adopted  special  precautions  for  the 
preservation  of  order.  He  gave  di- 
rections tliat  the  great  gates  of  the 
city  should  be  closed  during  the  time 
of  the  election,  and  he  published  a 
prochimation  prohibiting  "  every  per- 
son, whether  stranger  or  franchised 
man,  from  going  defensibly  arrayed 
within  the  city  upon  that  day,  and  re- 
quiring every  stranger  to  leave  his 
weapon  at  his  inn,  and  not  to  interfere 
in  the  election,  and  every  franchised 
man  to  go  to  the  Guildhall  in  peace- 
able wise  without  hameis  or  defen- 
sible array." 

On  the  day  of  election,  when  the 
whole  body  corporate  were  assembled 
in  the  Guildhall,  the  commons  brought 
forward  a  statement  of  ffrievances. 
Angry  discussions  and  feelings  were 
excited,  and  the  proceedings  were 
conducted  in  a  turbulent  and  unbe- 
coming manner.  A  fortnight  after- 
wards,* the  corporation  being  again 
assembled  in  the  Guildhall,  the  com- 
mons presented  a  petition  to  the  coun- 
cil, embodying  their  grievances,  and 
the  council  determined  that  on  the 
coming  home  of  the  Earl  of  Northum- 
berland a  deputation  should  ride  to 
his  lordship,  ^*  showing  him  the  minds 
of  the  commonalty,  to  the  intent  that 
if  privily  any  misreport  were  made  to 
him,  he  might  be  ascertained  of  the 
truth."  In  the  early  part  of  March, 
Sir  Richard  Yorke  and  Sir  William 
Todd  had  returned  from  their  attend- 
ance in  parliament,  having  had  per- 
sonal communication  with  the  King 
respecting  the  conduct  of  the  citizens 
during  their  absence.  They  were 
present  at  a  meeting  of  the  city  coun- 
cil on  the  fifth  of  March,  when  "  by 
force  of  the  credence  given  unto  them 
by  the  King,  as  touching  his  noble 
mind  and  his  letters  lately  directed  to 
the  mayor,  aldermen,  and  commonalty, 
they  showed  that  it  was  the  King's 
mind  to  have  due  examination  made 
of  the  demeanance  had  at  the  election 
of  mayor,  and  that  the  offenders  should 
be  punished  according  to  his  laws." 
The  council  met  again  on  the  follow- 
ing day  and  resolved,  as  the  Earl  of 
Northumberland  was  then  in  York- 


shire, that  four  of  their  body,  with  the 
common  clerk,  and  one  of  the  cham- 
berlains, should  ride  to  his  lordship, 
"  to  show  him  the  petition  presented  by 
the  commons  on  Saint  Julian's  day,  and 
other  matters  concerning  the  public 
weal  of  the  city  and  the  rule  and 
guiding  of  the  late  election  of  mayor." 
The  Earl  of  Northumberland  viewed 
the  transactions  at  York  in  so  se- 
rious a  light,  that  he  thought  it 
necessary  to  depute  three  members 
of  his  own  council,  viz.  Sir  Wil- 
liam Eure,  Sir  Gervase  Cliflon,  and 
Sir  John  Pickering,  to  proceed  to 
the  city  to  confer  with  the  corpora- 
tion. At  the  conference,  which  took 
place  on  the  19th  of  March,  Sir  Richard 
Yorke  and  his  colleague  repeated  the 
intimation  given  to  them  by  the  King, 
*'  that  he  would  in  no  wise  allow  to  go 
unpunished  the  unkindly  dealings  of 
the  commonalty  at  the  election  of 
mayor ;"  and  added  that, "  for  the  cor- 
rection of  the  same,  the  King  intended 
to  issue  a  commission  of  inquiry^  di- 
rected to  the  Archbishop  of  York,  the 
Earl  of  Northumberland,  and  others, 
to  the  intent  that  his  highness  might 
be  ascertained  thereupon/*  The  threat 
of  a  commission  of  inquiry,  which  tHe 
corporation  held  in  great  horror,  sti- 
mulated them  to  complete  the  collec- 
tion of  the  tax.  Towards  the  close  of 
the  month  of  March  they  were  in- 
formed by  the  recorder  that  he  had 
made  an  arrangement  with  Thomas 
Wandesford,  one  of  the  King's  col- 
lectors, for  paying  over  "  the  money 
he  had  in  his  hands  of  the  second  half 
tax." 

The  inhabitants  of  the  country  lying 
north  of  York  did  not  take  the  same 
course.  They  persisted  in  refusin|^  to 
submit  to  the  payment  of  the  odious 
impost,  and  their  resistance  at  len^h 
broke  out  into  open  insubordination 
and  violence.  We  have  no  account  of 
any  actual  disturbance  in  the  North 
Riaing  previous  to  the  rising  of  the 
populace  on  the  28th  of  April,  in 
which  the  Earl  of  Northumberland 
was  assaulted  and  slain;  but  it  appears 
that  the  unfortunate  earl  himself  was 
not  taken  wholly  by  surprise.  On  the 
Saturday  preceoing  f  he  was  at  Sea- 
'  mer  near  Scarborough,  (one  of  the 
numerous  places  in  Yorkshire  of  which 
the    Percies  were    then  lords),  and 


February  16th,  St.  Julian's  day. 


t  April  24th. 


464 


The  Yorkshire  JRehelUon  in  1489. 


[Nov. 


from  thence  he  wrote  a  letter  to  his 
rehitive  Sir  Robert  Plutnpton,  steward 
of  Knaresborough  Forest,  charging 
him,  that  *^  with  such  a  company,  and 
as  many  as  he  could  bring  with  ease, 
and  such  as  he  could  trust,  having 
bows  and  arrows,  and  privy  harnest, 
he  would  go  with  Sir  William  Gas- 
coigne  (the  earl's  nephew),  so  that 
they  should  be  with  him  on  Monday 
next  coming,  at  night,  in  the  town  of 
Thirsk."*  The  injunction  of  the  earl, 
that  his  friends  should  enter  Thirsk  in 
the  night  time,  may  be  regarded  as 
indicative  of  his  fear  that  the  turbu- 
lent spirit  which  prevailed  would  be  in- 
flamed by  any  open  display  of  warlike 
preparation ;  and  this  timidity,  which 
was  shared  by  all  about  him,  doubtless 
contributed  to  produce  the  fatal  cata- 
strophe that  followed, 

Darons,  knifi^hts,  squires,  one  and  all, 
Turned  their  backs,  and  let  their  master  fall ; 
Alas  I  his  g^ld,  his  fee,  his  annual  rent, 
On  such  a  sort  was  ill  bestowed  and  spent.f 

Intelligence  of  this  lamentable  event 
was  brought  to  York  on  the  day  on 
which  it  happened.  On  Wednesday, 
the  28th  of  April,  the  corporation  were 
suddenly  called  together  to  hear  the 
report  of  one  Thomas  Fisher,  a  tailor, 
coining,  as  he  said,  *^  in  all  goodly 
haste  from  Thirsk,  and  shewing  that 
an  affray  was  made  this  same  day  in  a 
place  beside  Thirsk,  and  there  and 
then  my  lord  of  Northumberland  was 
taken  and  hurt  by  certain  commons  of 
the  country  thereabouts."  An  order 
was  immediately  given  that,  '*  for  the 
surety  of  the  city,  proclamation  should 
be  made  for  the  King  in  divers  parts 
within  the  same."  On  the  follow- 
ing day  the  council  assembled,  and 
the  lord  mayor,  assuming  in  this  emer- 
gency a  high  tone  of  authority  as  the 
King's  lieutenant,  **  commanded  every 
alderman  and  other  member  of  the 
council  that  none  of  them  should  de- 
part out  of  the  city  until  the  King's 
mind  were  further  understood,  and  as 
they  would  answer  to  the  King  at 
their  peril  and  the  imprisonment  of 
their  bodies." 

The  council  then  proceeded  to  de- 
liberate ufwn  the  steps  proper  to  be 
taken  *^for   the   surety,  tuition,   and 


keeping  of  the  King's  city."  They  deter- 
mined that  **  incontinently  three  sharp 
men  should  ride  in  three  parties  into  the 
countries  about  the  city  to  understand 
the  demeanance  of  the  commons,  and 
in  all  goodly  haste  to  certify  tiie  major 
and  the  council,  to  the  intent  that  the 
King's  highness  might  be  ascertained  of 
their  demeanance,  and  this  perfectly 
and  ripely  understood,  that  Richard 
Burgh);  esquire  should  ride  and  shew 
that  to  the  King's  grace  in  all  haste 
possible."  They  further  determined 
that  the  mayor  **  should  send  unto 
the  Abbot  of  St.  Mary*s,  tiie  Minster^ 
St.  Leonard's,  and  the  four  orders  of 
Friars,  that  they  be  ready  with  such 
fellowship  as*  they  might  make  read/ 
in  defensible  array  for  the  keeping  of 
the  city,  as  they  would  answer  to  the 
Kinff.'*^ 

The  news  of  the  insurrection,  and 
of  the  atrocious  act  that  marked  its 
commencement,  spread  with  great  ra- 
pidity, and   threw  the  whole   count/ 
into  a  state  of  alarm  and  commoUon. 
The  second  day  afterwards  a  messenger 
brought  to  York  an  intunation  from 
Sir  Marmaduke  Constable,  the  sheriff 
of  Yorkshire,  that  it  being  his  dut/ 
as  the  King's  oificer  to  resort  to  the 
castle  of  lork,  he  requested  permis- 
sion to  come  and  lodge  within  the 
city.    The  council  consented  to  his 
coming,  but  only  upon  condition  that 
his  retinue  should  not  exceed  sizt/ 
persons.    A  few  days  later,  a  letter 
was  broiight  to  the  council  from  the 
Lord  Clifford,  written  at  his  castle  of 
Skipton  on  the  3rd  of  May,  and  sig- 
nifying his  intention  to  resort  to  York 
the  next  day  with  other  lords,  knighta, 
and  esquires  of  the  county,  to  the  in- 
tent that  **  by  the  advice  of  the  council 
and  them,  such  a  sad  direction  might 
be  taken  as  might  stand  to  the  plea- 
sure of  God,  the  King,  and  the  suretr 
of  the  city  and  the  country.**     Such 
an  intimation  was  most  displeasinff  to 
the   city    authorities.      Their   diwike 
of  the  shepherd  lord's  attempts  to  en- 
croach ui>on  their  privileges  waa  nn- 
diminishe<l,  and  they  knew  that  the 
same  feeling  prevailed  among  the  ci- 
tizens.   Unwilling  to  take  upon  them- 
selves to  give  a  positive  answer,  the/ 


*  Plunnpton  Corresp.  p.  G8.  f  Percy's  Reliques,  i.  98,  ed.  1767. 

X  Richard  Burgh  held  under  the  crown  the  office  of  steward  of  the  forest  of  Galtrca 
and  keeper  of  the  water  of  Fosse.     Rot  Pari.  VL  376. 
2 


1851.] 


7%6  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


465 


resolved  that,  provided  the  commons 
would  consent,  Lord  ClifTord  should 
be  informed  that  he  would  be  received 
within  the  city  with  a  hundred  per- 
sons, to  confer  with  the  council,  and 
rest  for  the  space  of  one  day  and  one 
night,  or  more.  The  commons  were 
summoned,  and  although  Sir  Richard 
Yorke  and  other  persons  urged  them 
strongly  to  adopt  the  resolution  of  the 
council,  the  sturdy  citizens  refused  to 
bate  a  jot  of  their  independence.  They 
would  in  no  wise  agree  to  receive 
the  Lord  Clifford,  "nor  noon  othre," 
and  insisted  that  the  mayor,  alder- 
men, sheriffs,  and  commonalty  alone 
"  should  keep  the  citv  to  the  Kind's 
most  royal  person."  Happily  the  city 
council  were  soon  considerably  re- 
lieved from  their  perplexity  by  the 
arrival  of  a  gracious  letter  from  the 
King,  bearing  date  at  his  castle  of 
Hertford  on  the  3rd  of  May,  contain- 
ing full  instructions  "  for  the  tuition 
and  safeguard  of  the  city." 

A  few  days  aflerwajrds  Sir  Mar- 
maduke  Constable  sent  a  second  mes- 
sage to  the  city.  "He  had  in  the 
King's  name  warned  divers  knights, 
esquires,  and  oth'er  gentlemen  of  York- 
sliire,  to  attend-  upon  him  within  the 
city  of  York  upon  Monday  next,  for 
tlio  subduing  oi  the  King's  rebels  now 
commoted  and  assembled  within  these 
north  parts."  The  citizens  were  con- 
sistent. They  had  resisted  the  inter- 
ference of  the  shepherd-lord;  why 
should  they  succumb  to  the  county- 
sheriff,  who  had  no  lawful  jurisdic- 
tion within  their  municipality  ?  They 
answered  Sir  Marmaduke  Constable, 
that  "  forsomuch  as  the  King's  grace 
had  sent  his  gracious  letters  missives 
to  the  mayor,  shewing  and  command- 
ing in  the  same  that  this  his  chamber 
is  surely  to  be  kept  to  the  behalf  of 
his  most  royal  person,  and  forsomuch 
as  they  had  denied  the  entry  of  the 
Lord  Clifford  and  others,  that  in  no 
wise  no  other  gentleman,  of  what  de- 
gree or  condition  he  be  of,  should  be 
suflered  to  enter  this  the  King's 
chamber ;  and  so  all  to  be  excluded, 


and  none  to  have  rule  but  the  mayor, 
aldermen,  and  sheriffs." 

Had  the  citizens  apprehended  danger 
to  be  so  near,  they  probably  would  not 
have  refused  the  assistance  offered  to 
them.  Not  many  days  had  elapsed 
afler  their  reply  to  Sir  Marmaduke 
Constable,  when  they  found  that  the 
insurgents  were  advancing  towards 
the  city.  On  Sunday  the  17th  of  May^ 
whilst  the  mayor  was  attending  divine 
service  at  the  parish  church  of  AU 
Hallows  on  the  ravement,  there  came 
a  priest  from  Sir  John  Egremond,  * 
showing  unto  him  that  the  said  Sir 
John  willed  and  commanded  him  and 
his  brethren  "  to  be  prepared  shortly 
with  twenty  pratie  men,  well  horsed, 
to  attend  and  go  with  certain  fellow- 
ship of  his  into  Aichmondshire,  and  of 
that  not  to  fail  as  thev  would  answer 
to  him  at  their  jeopardy." 

Tlie  mayor  immediately  summoned 
the  aldermen  and  other  members  of 
the  council  to  attend  him  in  the 
church,  where  they  assembled  in 
great  consternation,  and  upon  hearing 
the  demand  of  the  rebel  leader  they 
agreed  that,  "  forasmuch  as  Sir  John 
Egremond  had  rule,  and  his  people 
here,  for  that  to  deny  him,  he  and 
his  people  would  rob  the  city,  and 
if  he  would  pay  the  costs,  in  avoid- 
ing such  jeopardies  unto  the  time  they 
might  be  better  prepared,  that  to 
grant  him."  It  is  obvious  that  the 
city  authorities  considered  Sir  John 
Egremond's  message  to  be  an  indica- 
tion of  his  hostile  intentions ;  and  at  a 
meeting  held  in  the  afternoon  of  the 
same  day,  at  which  the  commons 
were  present,  they  set  about  providing 
the  sinews  of  war.  With  a  pious  regard 
for  the  personal  safety  of  their  vener- 
able diocesan,  they  further  resolved 
that  if  the  rebels  should  "in  apywise  of 
their  malice  do  bodily  hurt  to  the  most 
reverend  father  in  God,  they  would 
with  the  whole  body  of  the  citizens 
and  inhabitants  put  their  endeavour  to 
the  resisting  of  the  same." 

That  within  a  few  days  aflerwarda 
a  vigorous  assault  was  made  upon  the 


*  The  name  of  Sir  John  Egremond  has  not  previoasly  appeared  upon  the  minutei 
of  the  council.  It  is  doubtful  whether  he  took  part  io  the  first  outbreak,  for  according 
to  Polydore  Vergil,  he  was  not  chosen  leader  of  the  rebels  until  after  they  had  slain 
the  Earl  of  Northumberland  :  '*  Quod  admissmn  facinns  majus  multd  statim  sequitiir; 
nam  cuncti  deinde  sumptis  raptim  armis,  Joannem  Egromontum  equitem  bominem 
fHctiosum  sibi  ducem  constituunt.**     Pol.  Verg.  Angl.  Hilt.  p.  579. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXX VL  3  O 


466 


The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


[Nov. 


city  by  Sir  John  Egremond  and  his 
followers,  distinctly  appears  from  the 
minutes  of  the  proceedings  of  the  cor- 
poration at  a  meeting  held  several 
weeks  later ;  *  and  most  probably  the 
intelligence  of  this  bold  step  on  the 
part  of  the  insurgents  alarmed  the 
king,  who  had  remained  quietly  at 
Hertford,  and  induced  him  hastily  to 
follow  in  person  the  Earl  of  Surrey, 
whom  he  had  previously  dispatched  into 
the  North  with  a  competent  force. 
ITie  King  left  Hertford  on  the  22nd  of 
May,  and  within  two  days  afterwards 
he  had  arrived  in  Yorkshire.  In  an- 
ticipation of  his  approach.  Sir  Richard 
Yorke  and  Sir  *Villiam  Todd  were 
deputed  by  the  corporation  of  York 
to  ride  to  meet  his  grace,f  "  to  show 
him  the  humbleness  of  the  mayor,  his 
brethren,  and  the  whole  body  of  the 
city,  with  other  things  concerning  the 
public  weal  of  the  same."  On  the  24th 
of  May  a  present  of  a  hogshead  of 
claret  wine,  and  another  of  white  wine, 
was  voted  to  the  archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, the  Chancellor  of  England, 
^*  to  the  intent  that  he  might  be  good 
and  tender  lord  to  the  city  and  a  mean 
to  the  king's  grace  for  the  same." 
Hence  we  discover  that  the  primate, 
who  had  joined  the  King  at  Hertford,! 
was  one  of  the  royal  suite  in  the 
North ;  but  it  is  pretty  certain  that  the 
King  did  not  visit  the  city  during  this 
progress ;  nor  did  he  remain  long  in 


Yorkshire.  During  his  short  stay^  the 
city  representatives  were  admitted  to 
the  royal  presence,  and  learned  from 
the  King's  own  lips  his  opuiions  as  to 
the  past  conduct  of  the  citizens,  and 
his  commands  as  to  their  future  pro- 
ceedings. The  firmness  of  tiie  com- 
mons in  rejecting  the  offered  assistance 
of  the  Lord  Clinord  had  incurred  the 
King's  displeasure.  On  the  26th  of 
May  the  city  council  were  occupied  in 
calhng  before  them  the  persons  who 
had  most  strongly  opposed  the  entry 
of  the  shepherd-lord,  and  some  of  those 
who  took  a  prominent  part  upon  that 
occasion  were  committed  to  prison. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  following 
month  the  citizens  were  actively  em- 
ployed in  putting  the  city  into  a  state 
of  defence.  A  seneral  request  and 
labour  was  ordered  to  be  made  through- 
out the  city,  ^*  for  the  benevolence  of 
every  man,  according  to  his  honour, 
to  the  same : "  the  outer  gates  of 
every  bar,  and  the  gates  of  the  postema, 
were  to  be  made  of  iron:§  such 
drawbridges  were  to  be  constructed 
as  should  be  thought  necessary;  the 
dikes  and  walls  were  to  be  cleansed 
and  repaired  wher^  needful;  and 
sufficient  implements  of  war  were  to 
be  provided. 

licfore  the  end  of  the  first  week  of 
June  the  King  took  his  de^rture  from 
Yorkshire, [I  leaving  "  the  Earl  of  Sur- 
rey for  his  lieutenant  ^  in  the  northern 


*  The  only  notice  hitherto  published  of  the  assault  made  upon  the  city  by  Sir  John 
EgreiDont  and  bis  followers,  is  contained  in  the  following  passage  of  the  inscription 
which  was  "  depensiled  upon  a  table  and  fixed  to  the  funeral  monument  **  of  the  Eaii 
of  Surrey  at  Thctford  in  Norfolk :  "  And  within  ten  weekes  after  his  coming  out  of 
the  Tow^  there  was  an  insurrection  in  the  Northe,  by  whom  the  Erie  of  Northumbre- 
land  was  sleyne  in  the  feld,  and  also  the  citee  of  Yorke  wonne  with  a  sawte  by  force.*^ 
(Weever's  Fun.  Mon.  p.  836.)  There  was  a  tradition  in  Leland's  time  that  **  the 
commons  of  Yorkshire  entered  into  York  by  the  burning  of  Fishergate  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  VII.  and  would  have  beheaded  Sir  Richard  Yorke,**  (Lei.  Itin.  ToLi.  p.  56,) 
but  the  minutes  of  the  corporation  disclose  no  facts  or  circumstances  from  which  it  can 
be  inferred  that  the  city  was  actually  '*  wonne"  by  the  rebels  under  Sir  John  Egre- 
mont.  It  may  be  here  observed  that  the  York  archives  afford  no  information  con- 
cerning an  insurrection  in  the  west  part  of  Yorkshire  which  occurred  in  the  year  1491, 
and  was  put  down  by  the  Earl  of  Surrey  in  a  victory  he  obtained  over  the  rebehi  at 
Ackworth,  near  Poutefract,  as  it  is  recorded  by  the  monumental  inscription  above 
referred  to. — Vide  Mr.  Hunter's  Hall'amshire,  p.  48,  note  10. 

t  The  council  ordered  that  the  two  city  knights  should  be  arrayed  for  the  jonmey  fai 
jackets  of  the  king's  livery  of  white  and  green  satin,  (containing  in  the  whole  for  both 
4^  yards),  and  that  each  of  them  should  be  attended  by  six  servants  in  jackets  of  white 
and  green  cloth. 

X  Lcland's  Coll.  iv.  246. 

§  The  burnins^  of  Fishergate  by  the  rebels  accounts  for  the  extraordinary  precaution 
adopted  by  the  council  of  substituting  iron  gates  for  wooden  ones. 

Jl   He  was  at  Nottingham  on  Whitsunday,  June  7th. — Lei.  Coll.  iv.  246. 

^  Sir  Richard  Tunstall,  K.6.  whom  Grafton  describes  as  *'  a  very  wise  man»'*  and 


1851.] 


The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489. 


467 


parts,  and  Sir  Richard  Tunstall  for 
his  principal  commissioner  to  levy  the 
subsidy,  "  whereof  he  did  not  remit  a 
denier."*  It  is  correctly  stated  hy 
Grafton f  that  "he  committed  the  tri- 
bute which  was  in  York  and  about 
York  to  be  taken  up,  wholly  to 
Richard  Tunstall;*'  for,  on  Sunday 
the  14th  of  June,  the  corporation  were 
assembled  in  the  Guildhall  to  receive 
the  royal  commissioner;  "  and  then  and 


there  the  King's  commandment  was 
shewed  by  the  mouth  of  the  said  Sir 
Richard  Tunstall ;  and  also  the  King's 
gracious  letters,  under  his  prtvate  seal, 
directed  to  the  mayor,  aldermen,  and 
common  council,  were  openly  read." 
From  the  following  minute,  which  is 
entered  upon  the  record  of  the  pro- 
ceedings at  the  same  meeting,  it  is 
manifest  that  the  insurrection  was  now 
considered  to  be  effectually  quelled.]; 


HoIiDshed  as  '*  a  man  of  great  wit  and  policy/'  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  Thomas 
Tunstall,  knight,  of  Thurland  Castle  in  Lancashire.  In  the  early  part  of  his  career  he 
had  become  personally  attached  to  the  court  of  King  Henry  VI.  who  made  him  one  of 
the  '*  squires  for  our  body,"  and  in  the  year  1453  granted  him  an  annuity  of  40/.  for 
his  life,  as  a  reward  for  having  given  to  the  king  '*  the  first  comfortable  relation  and 
notice  **  that  the  qoeen  was  with  child. — (Rot.  Pari.  v.  318.)  During  the  wars  of  the 
roses,  he  and  his  brother  Thomas  Tunstall  were  zealous  partisans  of  the  house  of  Lan- 
caster. Having  been  in  arms  at  the  battle  of  Wakefield  on  the  side  of  King  Henry, 
they  were  on  that  account  included  in  the  act  of  attainder  passed  by  the  first  parlia- 
ment of  King  Edward  IV. — (Rot.  Pari.  v.  477.)  Towards  the  close  of  the  year  1462, 
when  Edward  had  with  considerable  difficulty  obtained  possession  of  the  fortresses  in 
the  North  which  had  been  obstinately  held  by  the  Lancastrians,  Thomas  Tunstall  was 
taken  with  the  garrison  of  Bamborough,  and  narrowly  escaped  being  put  to  death,  in 
consequence  of  the  king's  resentment  against  his  brother  Sir  Richard,  who  kept  pos- 
session of  Harlech  Castle  in  North  Wales  after  every  other  part  of  the  kingdom  had 
submitted.~(Warkworth's  Chron.  p.  3.  Paston  Letters,  i.  269,  271.)  In  1465, 
Thurland  Castle  and  the  other  estates  forfeited  by  the  attainder  of  Sir  Richard 
Tunstall,  were  granted  by  King  Edward  IV.  to  Sir  James  Haryngton ;  but  a  few  yean 
afterwards.  Sir  Richard  having  made  his  peace  with  the  reigning  powers,  the  attainder 
was  reversed,  and  his  estates  were  restored  to  him. — \VLot,  Pari.  vi.  47.)  The 
Tunstalls  were  now  as  good  Yorkists  as  they  had  previously  been  Lancastrians,  and 
as  long  as  the  white  rose  continued  in  the  ascendant  they  adhered  closely  to  its 
interests.  The  younger  brother  was  made  squire  of  the  body  to  King  Richard  III. 
The  elder  received  a  more  conspicuous  mark  of  the  royal  favour,  being  one  of 
the  few  persons  on  whom  Richard  conferred  the  honour  of  the  garter.  After  this 
manifestation  of  versatility  we  are  not  surprised  to  find  that  soon  after  the  accession  of 
King  Henry  Vll.  Sir  Richard  Tunstidl  had  ingratiated  himself  with  that  sagacious 
monarch.  Henry  had  been  but  a  short  time  upon  the  throne  when  he  bestowed  upon 
Sir  Richard  the  important  office  of  Steward  of  the  honour  of  Pontefract,  which  would 
constitute  him  governor  of  Pontefract  Castle,  and  raise  him  to  a  position  of  import* 
ance  and  authority  among  the  people  of  an  extensive  district  of  Yorkshire.  Sir 
Richard  Tunstall  was  one  of  those  in  whom  the  King  reposed  entire  confidence  when 
any  commission  of  trust  or  difficulty  was  to  be  executed  in  the  northern  parts  of  the 
kingdom.  He  was  much  about  the  monarch's  person,  was  ambassador  to  France,  and 
had  many  other  high  employments.  He  died  in  1493.  Cuthbert  Tunstall,  the  *'  meek 
and  beneficent "  Bishop  of  Durham,  was  of  this  family.  It  has  been  said  that  he  was 
the  illegitimate  son  of  Sir  Richard ;  but  it  is  now  the  more  prevailing  opinion  that  he 
was  the  son  of  Thomas  Tunstall,  Sir  Richard's  brother  and  heir,  and  consequently 
that  Sir  Brian  Tunstall,  who  fell  at  Flodden,  and  the  bishop,  were  brothers.  The 
history  of  Sir  Richard  Tunstall  tends  to  controvert  the  opinion  of  those  writers  who 
charge  King  Henry  Vll.  with  having  adopted  **  a  mean  and  jealous  policy,"  and  with 
having  "  carefully  excluded  the  adherents  of  the  house  of  York  from  every  office  of 
trust  and  honour." 

*  Lord  Bacon.  f  Grafton's  Chronicle,  p.  562. 

X  Mr.  Hunter  observes  that  "  it  is  a  point  unsettledjn  the  history  and  topograpbv 
of  Yorkshire  where  the  royal  and  rebel  army  encountered.'* — (Hallamriiire,  p.  48,  n.  10.) 
The  York  minutes  throw  no  light  upon  this  point,  and  possibly  the  insurgents  were 
not  subdued  in  any  general  engagement.  From  the  contemporary  authorities,  it  may 
be  rather  inferred  that,  after  a  few  skirmishes  with  the  royal  forces  under  the  Earl  oif 
Surrey,  the  rebels  took  fright  and  gradually  dispersed.  "  Joannes  Egromontns  lllomm 
ductor  in  Flandriam  ad  Margaritam  conftigit." — Pot.  Verg.  p.  580. 


468  The  Yorkshire  Rebellion  in  1489.  [Nov. 

"  Whereas  certain  bows  and  arrows  were  well  in  guns  as  in  other  implements  of 

taken  at  a  price,  of  certain  bowers  and  war ;  and  that  every  able  man  should 

fletchers  witliin  the  city,  for  the  defence  of  have   jack,    salet,   bow,   arrows,   and 

the  same,  immediately  after  the  departure  ^ther  defensible  weapons,  for  the  safe- 

of  Sir  John  Egremond*  and  his  retain-  cmnTiX  of  the  city,  in  case  of  sudden 

ers,  forsomuch  as  it  was  at  that  time  ex-  ^qqA  " 

pected   that   Sir  John  and  his  followers         ^J  j  ^  f^^ 

would,  shortly  after  his  departure,  return  ^,        ,.  7     i  *1  *u-     *:^^  'I.ui*^^ 

to  the  city  again  and  make  a  new  assault  ther  disturbances  at  this  time,  either 

thereupon,  which  they  did  not ;  and  so  within  the  City  or  m  the  neighbouring 

the  said  bows  and  arrows  were  unoccu-  district.  During  several  months  aOer- 

pied ;  therefore  the  council  and  Sir  Richard  wards  the  corporation  continued  to^  be 

Tunstall  determined  that  every  bower  and  favoured  with  the  advice  and  assist- 

fletcher  should  take  their  bows  and  arrows  ance  of  Sir  Richard  Tunstall,  who  was 

again,  and  that  every  citizen  to  whom  frequently  present  at  their  delibera- 

either  bow  or  arrows  had  been  delivered  tions.     It  is  a  proof  that  the  spirit  of 

at  that  time  by  the  chamberlains,  should  ^\^q  citizens  was  much  subdued,  when 

bring  them  in  again  to  the  chamberlains,  ^^      allowed  the  King's  commissioner 

upon  pain  of  imprisonment.  ^^  ^^^^  ^  ^^^^^^  j^  ^^^  government  of 

During  the  remainder  of  the  year  the  city,  and  thus  submitted  to  an  in- 

1489  the  citizens  were  not  free  from  terference  with  their  antient  munici- 

occasional  alarms.     In  the  month  of  pal  rights  and  privileges,  which,  but  a 

August   the  wardens   of  every  ward  few  months  earlier,  they  would  have 

were  ordered  "  in  all  goodly  haste  to  disdainfully  resisted, 
see  to  the  preparing  of  the  same,  as  A.' 


*  Who  was  Sir  John  Egremond  ?  This  question  has  not  been  asked,  perhaps,  be- 
cause the  person  to  whom  it  applies  is  not  of  suflScient  historical  importance  to  excite 
any  curiosity  as  to  his  family  or  origin.  Yet  the  chosen  leader,  if  not  the  original 
instigator,  of  an  insurrectionary  movement  by  which  the  northern  counties  were  kept  in 
an  unsettled  state  for  several  years,  must  have  been  a  man  of  some  note  and  infloence 
in  that  part  of  the  kingdom.  That  Sir  John  Egremond  was  not  a  mean  or  obscure 
person  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  of  his  having  received  from  King  Richard  III.  a 
grant  of  the  manor  and  lordship  of  Kingston,  in  Bedfordshire,  to  him  and  his  heirs 
male. — (Harl.  MS.  433,  fo.  47  b.)  Yet  there  was  no  family  of  the  least  consideration 
at  that  period  who  bore  the  name  of  Egremont  or  Egremond.  In  the  year  1449,  Sir 
Thomas  Percy,  a  younger  son  of  Henry  Percy  second  Earl  of  Northumberland,  was  bj 
King  Henry  VI.  created  Baron  Egremond. — (Vide  Collectanea  Topog.  et  Genealog. 
vi.  275.)  He  was  slain  at  the  battle  of  Northampton  in  the  year  14G0,  and  according 
to  Dugdale  he  died  without  wife  or  issue ;  but  certain  documents  at  Syon  House 
which  are  cited  by  Collins,  although  they  contain  no  evidence  of  his  having  been 
married,  show  that  he  left  a  son  named  John,  born  after  1458  and  living  in  1480,  of 
whom  it  is  remarked  by  the  distinguished  writer  of  the  article  in  the  Collectanea  already 
referred  to,  that,  **  as  his  father  does  not  appear  to  have  been  attainted,  it  is  singular 
that  he  did  not  bear  the  title  of  Lord  Egremont."  But  is  not  the  fact  of  his  not 
having  borne  the  title  almost  conclusive  evidence  of  his  illegitimacy  ?  In  a  petition 
presented  to  Parliament  in  the  year  1472,  Thomas  de  la  More,  who  had  been  sheriff  of 
Cumberland,  complains  that  the  last  year,  when  he  held  that  office,  he  was  impeded  in 
the  performance  of  his  duty  **  by  certain  riotous  people  belonging  to  the  Lord 
Egremond." — (Rot.  Pari.  vi.  63b.)  Hence  it  would  appear  that  the  son  of  the  deceased 
Thomas  Lord  Egremond,  who  could  not  be  more  than  twelve  or  fourteen  years  old  at 
this  time,  was  during  his  minority  popularly  styled  the  Lord  Egremond.  It  is  highly 
probable  that  when  he  arrived  at  man's  estate,  and  discovered  that  he  had  no  lawful 
claim  to  his  father's  name  or  rank,  he  might  continue  to  bear  the  name  of  Egremond, 
to  which  he  was  accustomed,  rather  than  assume  the  patronymic  of  Percy ;  and  it 
seems  a  plausible  conjecture  that  he  was  the  identical  Sir  John  Egremond,  the  obtain 
of  the  Yorkshire  insurgents  in  14B9. 


469 


INFORMATION  ABOUT  NELL  GWYN  FROM  LORD  ROCHESTER'S 

POEMS,  &c. 


Mb.  Urban, 
THE  interest  which  has  been  felt 
in  the  storj  of  Nell  Gwjn,  so  ably 
narrated  in  your  recent  numbers  by 
Mr.  Peter  Cunningham,  induces  me  to 
submit  to  your  readers  a  few  additional 
notes,  founded  on  quotations  from  the 
poems  of  Lord  Rochester.  I  admit 
the  objections  which  may  be  urged 
against  the  character  of  the  witness  I 
adduce.  The  acknowledged  depravity 
of  Lord  Rochester,  the  scurrility  and 
obscenity  of  much  of  his  poetry,  and 
the  fickleness  of  his  judgment,  cause 
whatever  he  narrates,  or  whatever  he 
describes,  to  be  received  with  suspi- 
cion, if  not  with  disgust.  Yet  so  long 
as  the  works  of  an  age  are  the  wit- 
nesses of  the  moral  standard  of  that 
age,  it  is  only  by  their  perusal  that  this 
knowledge  can  be  acquired.  So  also 
as  regards  the  lives  of  public  charac- 
ters. The  sketch  from  the  hand  of  a 
contemporary,  with  adequate  means  of 


information,  is  of  far  greater  value 
than  the  more  finished  portrait  drawn 
from  the  traditional  or  scattered  re- 
cords of  later  periods.  It  is  in  this 
respect  that  the  poetry  of  the  Restora- 
tion and  that  of  Lord  Rochester  is  va- 
luable. The  indecency  of  Lord  Ro- 
chester I  shall  pass  without  comment. 
To  him  may  be  applied  what  Mr.  MLac- 
aulay  has  written  of  Wycherly :  "  His 
indecency  is  protected  agamst  the 
critics  as  a  skunk  is  protected  against 
the  hunters.  It  is  safe,  because  it  is 
too  filthy  to  handle,  and  too  noisome 
even  to  touch.*^  But  to  his  poetical 
criticisms  more  lenity  may  be  shown ; 
his   correctness  in    this    respect    ar- 

fues  favourably  for  the  admission  of 
is  evidence  on  matters  of  fact,  the 
truth  of  which  more  than  most  men  of 
his  day  he  was  able  to  ascertain.  In 
illustration  of  this,  let  us  consider  the 
description  he  has  given  of  Dryden*s 
facility  of  versification, — 


his  loose  slattern  Muse 


Five  hundred  verses  every  morning  writ, 
Prove  him  no  more  a  Poet  than  a  Wit. 
Such  scribbling  authors  have  been  seen  before  ; 
•*  Mustapha,"  the  **  Island  Princess,"  forty  more, 
Were  things  perhaps  composed  in  half  an  hoar. 

Horaee*9  Tenth  Satire  Imitated. 


Now  these  lines  may  be  received  as 
the  mere  workings  of  an  inimical  spirit. 
He  had  quarrelled  with  Dryden.  He 
suspected  him  of  being  the  associate  of 
Sheffield  Duke  of  Buckingham  in  the 
"  Essay  on  Satire,"  written  by  the  lat- 
ter. Dryden  also  wa#  attached  to 
Sheffield,  knew  of  his  quarrel  with 
Rochester,  and  of  the  shameless  ren- 
contre at  Knightsbridge,  which  had 
made  him  a  butt  for  the  shafts  of  Buck- 
hurst  and  of  Sedley.  He  could  give 
point  to  the  sarcasms  at  the  Grecian  and 
the  Rainbow  ;  and  at  Will's,  sacred  to 


polite  letters,  where  he  sat  throned  in 
state,  and  where  to  be  recognised  by 
him  was  an  honour.  The  satire  so  he- 
ralded passed  from  lip  to  lip  to  Garra- 
way*s,  to  enliven  the  discourse  of  its 
usual  professional  frequenters,  and  in- 
deed to  every  resort  of  a  similar  kind 
wherever  a  man  could  obtain  entrance 
by  laying  down  his  penn;^  at  the  bar. 
xet  notwithstanding  this,  notwith- 
standing^ Rochester  had  been  described 
in  the  Essay  on  Satire  (in  which  his 
poetry  was  also  bitterly  ridiculed)  as 


Mean  in  each  action,  lewd  in  every  limb, 
Manners  themselves  are  mischievoas  in  him, 


his  truthful  sketch  of  Dryden's  fatal 
facility  has  been  confirmed.  The 
cause  was  shown  by  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
and  the  carelessness  of  the  "  loose  slat- 
tern Muse"  has  been  admitted  by 
Johnson,  Hallam,  and  Macaulay. 


Again ;  all  biographers,  even  his 
contemporaries,  admit  the  felicity  with 
which  he  defines  in  one  line  Back- 
hurst  Earl  of  Dorset  and  his  poetry, 
as — 


The  best  good  man  with  the  worst-natared  Mase  ; 


470 


InfoJination  about  Nell  Gvoyn 


[Nov. 


and  it  Is  still  from  Rochester's  sketches 
of  Charles  that  his  character  is  pre- 
sented to  us  on  the  stage,  or  drawn, 
with  the  aid  of  the  acuter  observations 
of  Lord  Ualifax,  by  the  historian.  Now, 
if  this  be  so,  even  in  cases  where  an 
unfair  bias  might  be  suspected,  then 
we  may  surely  receive  with  tolerable 
confidence  his  sketch  of  the  life  of  Nell 
Gwyn,  of  whose  career  he  could  not  be 
ignorant,  and  whom  lie  did  not  hesitate 
to  satirise  or  to  praise  for  those  qualities 
which  every  biographer  has  allowed. 
First,  as  to  her  parents.    We  are 


indebted  to  Mr.  Cunningham  for  the 
knowledge  that  she  was  "  dawghter  to 
Thomas  Guine,  a  capitane  of  ane  an- 
tient  familie  in  Wales,**  of  whom  little 
more  is  recorded.  That  his  daughter 
in  early  life  was  exposed  to  the  most 
sad  depravity  is  known.  Was  this  the 
consequence  of  his  neglect,  or  of  severe 
misfortune  ?  There  is  reason  to  sus- 
pect the  latter.  Lord  Kochester,  in 
his  sketch  of  Nell  Gwyn*s  character,  has 
these  lines  in  reference  to  her  "  piety," 
or  rather  her  charity, — 


'Twas  this  that  raised  her  charity  so  high, 
To  visit  those  who  did  in  durance  lie ; 
From  Oxford  prisons  many  did  she  free  ; 
There  died  her  father ,  and  there  gloried  she 
In  giving  others  life  and  liberty. 
So  pious  a  remembrance  still  she  bore 
E^en  to  the  fetters  that  her  father  wore. 


For  what  reason  he  was  imprisoned 
does  not  ap[)ear.  It  is  not  probable 
she  would  relieve  him  or  give  others 
liberty,  assuming  the  cause  of  the  im- 
j)risonment  to  have  been  debt,  much 
before  1G65,  when  she  was  sixteen 
vears  of  age  and  just  on  the  sta^e,  and, 
indeed,  if  we  consider  her  condition,  it 
is  rciisonable  to  infer  that  the  event 
occurred  at  a  much  later  period.  From 
tlicse  lines  it  may  be  concluded  that  she 
liberated  others  in  afler-life  from  gaol, 
as  an  offering  to  the  memory  of  her 
father.  This  is  one  step  towards  the  nar- 
rative of  her  early  life. 

Uer  mother,  there  is  every  reason 
to  suspect,  was  a  drunken  woman, 
who  never  overcame  the  habits  of 
her  early  associates.      Lysons,  in  his 


Panegyriek  on  Nellp. 

account  of  Chelsea,  gives  an  extract 
from  the  '^  Domestic  Intelligencer**  of 
the  5th  August,  1679,  *'  that  Madam 
Ellen  Gwyn's  mother,  sitting  lately  by 
the  water  side  at  her  house  by  the 
Neat-houses  near  Chelse&jfeUaccidemi- 
ally  into  the  water  and  was  drowned.** 
Now,  there  was  at  the  same  time  a  ru« 
inour  that  this  event  took  place  iu  a 
fish-pond.  Lord  liochester  tells  a  story 
that  reconciles  both  statements.  There 
is  little  doubt  that^  in  a  state  of  drunken- 
ness, she  fell  into  a  ditch,  near  the  Neat- 
houses,  on  the  road  to  Chelsea,  where  she 
lived.  For,  after  describing  the  costly 
display,  the  velvet,  and  funeral  trap- 
pings, &c.  which  Nelly,  with  the  cus- 
tomary wastefulness  of  her  class,  or- 
dered at  her  mother*s  burial,  he  adds, — 


Fine  gilded  scutcheons  did  the  hearse  enrichf 
To  celebrate  this  Martyr  of  the  Ditch  ; 

and  significantly  describes  the  grateful  libations  to  her  memory  in  which  the 
mourners  indulged, — 

Burnt  brandy  did  in  flaming  brimmers  flow, 
Drunk  at  her  funeral ; — while  her  well-pleased  shade 
Rejoiced,  e'en  in  the  sober  fields  below, 
At  all  the  drunkenness  her  death  had  made. 


Now,  it  is  not  impossible  for  an  elderly 
lady  in  the  most  becoming  state  of 
sobriety  to  fall  into  a  ditch,  a  river, 
or  a  fisli-pond,  and  be  drowned.  But 
tlie  only  comment  on  such  an  acci- 
dent would  be  that  of  regret;  in- 
ebriety would  not  be  immediately 
cited  as  the  cause.  In  Madam  Gwyn  s 
case    it  is    clear    her    partiality    for 


brandy  was  well  known,  and  was  im- 
mediately connected  with  her  death. 
Lord  Roche8ter*s  satire  found  its  point 
in  its  truth.  Of  Nclly*s  avocation  as 
an  oranse-girl  under  the  auspices  of 
Orange  Moll  in  the  pit  of  the  King's 
Theatre  we  have  sufficient  proof.  But 
if  Lord  Rochester  may  be  received  as 
an  authority  in  another  case,  as  he  has 


1851.] 


from  Lord  Rochester's  Poems,  Sfc. 


471 


been  in  this,  she  had  been  before  not     in  the  "  Satire  which  the  King  took 
quite  so  poetically  employed  I     For     out  of  his  pocket,"  we  are  told  of— 


'  Madam  Nelly, 

Whose  first  employment  was  with  open  throat 
To  crjjresh  herrings,  even  ten  a  groat ! 

Then  was  by  Madam  Ross  exposed  to  town, 

•  •  *  *  « 

Next  in  the  play-house  she  took  her  degree, 

As  men  commence  at  nniversity. 

*  •  *  *  * 


There  is  no  doubt  that  when  this 
was  written  Rochester  felt  great  plea- 
sure in  contrasting  her  former  with 
her  present  condition,  for  the  purpose 


of  holding  up  the  conduct  of  the  King 
to  scorn  (if  such  a  man  could  in- 
spire passion  of  any  kind  except  aver- 
sion), since  he  ends  the  contrast  with — 


Look  back  and  see  the  people  mad  with  rage 

To  see  the in  such  an  equipage, — 

*  •  •  •  * 


the  ^^ herrings**  without  adequate  dis- 
proof. Poor  girl,  it  was  only  another 
of  those  bitter  contrasts  of  life,  so  well 
described  by  the  late  Thomas  Hood, 
in  his  poem  of  Miss  Kilmansegg, 


But  it  must  be  remembered  that  a 
false  statement  would  have  rendered 
his  satire  pointless,  and  have  made  it 
recoil  like  an  ill-made  weapon  upon 
himself.  Nor  can  we  accept  the 
^^ oranges**  on  his  authority  and  reject 

And  the  other  sex,  the  tender,  the  foir. 
What  wide  reverses  of  fete  are  there ! 
Whilst  Margaret,  charmed  by  the  bnlbul  rare. 

In  a  garden  of  gul  reposes. 
Poor  Peggy  hawks  nosegays  from  street  to  street, 
Till — think  of  that,  who  find  life  so  sweet  f — 

She  hates  the  smell — qf  roses  If 

Her  "  pretty  wit,"  it  would  appear,  was  apt  to  become  somewhat  loquacious, — 

Who*d  be  a  monarch,  and  endure  the  prating 
Of  Nell, — and  saucy  Oglethorp  in  waiting  ? 

Her  readiness  at  repartee  is  well  bition  stimulated  his  affected  zeal  for 

known,  and  of  this  Lord  Rochester  Protestantism,  had  quarrelled  appa- 

has  recorded  an  instance.    The  Duke  rently  with  Nelly  on  account  of  her 

of  Monmouth,  whose  misdirected  am-  popularity. 

The  choice  delight  of  the  whole  Mobile, 

Scarce  Monmouth's  self  is  more  beloved  than  she. 

Yet  she  seems  with  a  true  woman*8  or  the  Duke,  by  joining  in  his  public 
intuition  to  have  detected  his  designs,  adulation.  Monmouth  could  bear  no 
and  refused  to  annoy  either  the  King     rival  near  his  throne. 

Was  this  the  cause  that  did  their  quarrel  move, 

That  both  are  rivals  in  the  people's  love  ? 

No  1  t'was  her  matchless  loyalty  alone 

That  bid  Prince  Pebkin  pack  op  and  be  gone. 

**  111  bred  thou  art,"  says  Prince — Nell  does  reply, 

"  Was  Mrs.  Barlow  better  bred  than  I  ?'* 


Monmouth  had  well-earned  the 
title  of  Prince  Perkin.  Twice  had  he 
attempted,  with  the  connivance  of 
Shaftesbury,  to  establish  a  claim  to 
legitimate  descent.  Twice  had  his 
father,  in  the  most  solemn  manner, 
avowed  and  published  his  bastardy,  and 


compelled  his  son  to  subscribe  to  that 
publication.  Yet  Monmouth,  for  fac- 
tion or  for  ambition,  would  not  have 
stopped  at  subornation  or  perjury  to 
have  given  a  colourable  claim  to  his 
succession  to  the  throne  and  the  ex- 
clusion of  the  Duke  of  York.    This 


472 


Fosses  Lives  of  the  Judges, 


[Nov. 


doubtless  Nell  Gwyn  was  aware  of,         It  should  seem  the  rebuff  was  sac- 
and  opposed.  cessful, 

Then  sneaked  away  the  nephew,  overcome, 
By  aunt-in-law's  severer  wit  struck  dumb. 


It  is  unnecessary  to  quote  the  lines 
upon  her  character, — her  good  qualities 
are  admitted,  her  misfortunes  and  her 
faults  are  read  with  regret,  or  veiled 
by  charity. 

Nor  must  her  Cousin  be  forgot, — preferred 
From  many  years  command  in  the  black-guard 
To  be  an  ensign. 

Whose  tatterM  colours  well  do  represent 
His  first  estate  in  the  ragged  regiment. 


There  seems  among  her  relations  to 
have  been  a  Cousin,  whose  name  is  not 
given  ;  if  it  relate  to  one. 


Such,  Sir,  are  the  few  facts  I  have 
gathered  from  the  poems  of  Lord  Ro- 
cliester,  which  appear  to  me  to  add 
some  little  to  what  is  known,  and 
which,   although    Mr.   Cunningham*s 


ability  and  research  have  exhausted 
the  subject,  may  not  be  unamusing  to 
your  readers. 

S.  H. 
Athenmumy  October  13M. 


FOSS'S  LIVES  OF  THE  JUDGES. 

The  Judges  of  England ;  with  sketches  of  their  lives  and  miscellaneous  notioes  con- 
nected with  the  Courts  at  Westminster  from  the  time  of  the  Conquest.  By 
Edward  Fobs,  F.S.A.     Vols.  IIL  and  IV.    8vo.     185L 


THESE  volumes  carry  down  Mr. 
Fo88*s  subject  from  the  year  1272  to 
1485.  They  include  the  rcif^ns  of  the 
three  successive  Edwards,  oi'Kichard  11. 
of  the  Henries  IV.  V.  and  VI.  of  the 
Edwards  FV.  and  V.  and  of  Richard  III. 
and  comprise  notices  of  no  fewer  than 
473  judges.  In  Mr.  Foss's  former 
volumes  580  judges  were  recorded,  so 
that  the  total  number  of  the  chief 
judicial  ollicers  of  England  already 
commemorated  by  Mr.  Foss  is  1053; 
by  far  the  greater  part  of  them  being 
persons  whose  memories  are  now  for 
the  first  time  snatched  irom  the  verge 
of  oblivion.  Merely  to  have  gathered 
together  the  names  of  that  noble  band, 
to  wliose  learning  and  wisdom  in  times 
long  ])ast,  and  in  strict  succession 
tlirou^^hout  many  generations,  was  com- 
mitted  the  task  of  determining  what 
was  ri<!;ht  and  lawful  amont'st  their 
fellow  Knglishmen,  would  have  been 
a  commendable  work,  alike  honourable 
to  the  ])rofessional  lawyer  and  useful 
to  the  historical  antiquary,  but  Mr. 
Foss  has  done  much  more  than  this. 
With  exemplary  diligence  he  has 
searched  carefully  for  information  in 
a  great  variety  of  quarters,  and  has 
succeeded  in  presenting  us  with  at 
.3 


least  some  biographical  details  respect- 
ing almost  every  name  in  his  long  ju- 
dicial roll.  Some  fashionable  modem 
writers  would  have  arrived  at  the 
same  end  by  the  aid  of  imagination 
rather  than  by  research,  but  such  has 
not  been  the  mode  adopted  by  Mr. 
Foss.  It  is  the  distinction  of  his  book, 
and,  in  our  estimation,  the  chief  ele- 
ment in  its  value,  that  lie  builds  every- 
thing upon  authority,  and  quotes  au- 
thority for  everything.  IIis  volumes 
may  lack  the  easy  flowing  style  of 
narrative  which  distinguishes  some 
recent  popular  biographies;  he  him- 
self, as  an  author,  may  not  possess  in 
any  eminent  de^ee  (for  we  do  not 
hesitate  to  tell  liim  his  defects)  that 
which  is  strictly  speaking  the  essential 
of  hi<rh  biographical  talent,  the  facultj 
of  delineating  character,  of  individual* 
ising  the  men  of  whom  he  treats,  the 
power  of  not  merely  recording  the 
facts  and  incidents  of  their  lives,  but 
of  presenting  the  men  themselves  dis- 
tinctly before  us  in  the  guise  and 
fashion  in  which  they  appeared  to  their 
contemporaries.  Mr.  1  oss  has  not  yet 
exhibited  much  of  this  power,  but  he 
has  written  a  book  which  has  added 
more  to  our  knowledge  of  legal  his- 


185J.] 


Fos8*s  Lives  of  the  Judges^ 


473 


torj  than  any  single  work  published 
since  Madox  s  History  of  the  Exche- 
quer ;  a  book  which  is  essentially  sound 
and  truthful,  and  must  therefore  take 
its  stand  in  the  permanent  literature  of 
our  country.  It  is  in  this  last  respect  that 
we  may  see  the  distinction  between  the 
fashionable  works  to  which  we  have 
alluded  and  these  volumes  of  Mr.  Foss. 
The  former  blaze,  and  shine,  and  crackle 
like  thorns  under  a  pot;  they  are  puffed 
and  applauded  for  a  season.  But  in- 
quir)r  soon  lays  bare  their  hollowness. 
suspicion  once  let  in  is  apt  to  run 
even  far  beyond  what  is  justifiable, 
and  books  which  become  the  subjects 
of  it  not  merely  fall,  but  fall  like  Lu- 
cifer. They  disappear  from  literature 
almost  entirely.  It  is  not  so  with 
books  which  are  built  upon  the  solid 
rock  of  truthful  and  honest  research. 
Further  discoveries  may  improve  and 
enlarge  them  ;  many  errors,  the  result 
of  dependence  upon  untrustworthy 
authorities,  may  be  corrected ;  inquiry 
in  new  quarters  may  bring  to  light 
even  large  additions  to  the  informa- 
tion which  was  at  first  accessible  to 
the  author ;  so  that  subsequent  editions 
may  be  much  more  valuable  than  the 
original  work ;  but  the  book  remains, 
a  corner-stone  in  our  literary  fabric, 
and  only  the  more  firmly  rooted  and 
established  by  the  lapse  of  time,  and 
the  process  of  continual  improvement. 
Mr.  Foss,  in  the  book  before  us,  has 
made  free  use  of  the  works  of  the 
Record  Commission,  and  other  similar 
publications,  and  most  valuable  have 
they  been  to  him ;  but  the  use  of  the 
records  themselves  now  granted  by 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls  to  literary 
men  will  open  up  a  far  wider  field  of 
research,  and  will  bring  to  light  an  in- 
finity of  additional  facts  applicable  to 
Mr.  Foss's  subject.  Mr.  Dumis  Hardy, 
with  that  kind  and  generous  liberality 
which  so  pre-eminently  distinguishes 
him,  has,  we  observe,  assisted  A&.  Foss 
by  making  a  variety  of  searches  and 
inquines  amons  the  records  for  him, 
but  the  whole  body  of  our  records  is 
full  of  information  upon  Mr.  Fosses 
subject,  and  now  they  are  thrown 
open,  will  in  due  time  be  applied  to 


its  illustration.  It  may  take  years, 
and  even  generations,  fully  to  accom- 
plish this,  but,  if  it  pleases  God  that 
our  institutions,  of  which  the  men  who 
form  the  subjects  of  Mr.  Foss*s  book 
were  the  builders  and  upholders,  shall 
be  maintained,  we  make  no  doubt  that 
now  that  Mr.  Foss  has  led  the  way 
every  fact  and  incident  which  relates 
to  our  judicial  worthies  will  from  time 
to  time  be  gathered  up  and  brouffht  to 
bear  upon  what  Mr.  Foss  has  told  us. 
It  would  far  exceed  any  limits  which 
we  can  devote  to  the  subject  to  follow 
Mr.  Foss  minutely  through  his  Ions 
course.  His  third  volume  opens  with 
the  accession  of  our  English  JuBtinian, 
Edward  I.,  and  we  are  at  once  in- 
volved in  the  incidents  of  that  busy 
and  interesting  reign,  with  its  trad-' 
bastonsy  its  determined  suppression  of 
corruption  on  the  judicial  bench,  its 
even-handed  administration  of  justice, 
and  the  building  of  the  clock-house  at 
Westminster  out  of  the  fine  inflicted 
upon  Ralph  de  Hengham  for  altering 
a  record.  In  the  6th  year  of  this  reign 
Mr.  Foss  finds  mention  of  **  the  King*8 
attorney,"  answeringof  course  to  our 
Attorney-General.  The  title  of  King's 
solicitor  has  not  been  found  in  use 
until  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  Among 
the  judges  who  are  most  conspicuous 
in  this  portion  of  the  work  may  be 
mentioned  Robert  de  JBumell,  the  kind 
and  amiable  chancellor;  John  de  Byrtm^ 
the  ancestor  of  the  Byrons ;  Hugh  de 
Cressingham^  whose  extortions  led  to 
the  revolt  of  Scotland,  and  his  vehe- 
mence to  the  loss  of  that  country  and 
his  own  life  in  the  battle  of  Stirling. 
The  savage  barbarity  with  which  his 
mangled  corse  is  reported  to  have  been 
treated  by  Wallace,  whatever  may  be 
the  degree  in  which  it  is  true,  marks 
the  intensity  of  the  popular  hatred 
against  the  English  yoke.  *^  It  is  said 
that  Wallace  ordered  as  much  of  his 
skin  to  be  taken  off  as  would  make  a 
sword-belt ;  a  story  which  has  been 
absurdly  extended  to  its  having  been 
employed  in  making  girths  and  saddles.** 
(Foss,  iii.  83.)  Ower  eminent  judges 
were  Walter  de  Merton^  the  founder  of 
Merton  college;*  WiUkanle  Vavasour^ 


*  In  reference  to  one  incident  in  this  worthy's  life  we  recommead  Mr.  Foss  to  find 
a  better  voncher  than  Palgrave's  "  Merchant  and  Friar ;"  a  pleasant  book,  bat  not 
admissible  as  authority  for  an  historical  fact.  The  same  remark  applies  to  others  of 
Mr.  Foss's  authorities. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  3  P 


474 


Fosss  Lives  of  the  Judges. 


[Nov. 


due  reverence  for  whose  judicial  quali- 
ties did  not  hinder  his  being  touched 
off  by  the  poet-historian  of  the  siege  of 
Carlaverock,  as  a  quick  and  noisy 
combatant — "  as  a  warrior  he  is  neither 
dumb  nor  deaf;"  and  Thomas  de  Wey- 
land,  the  leader  of  the  band  of  corrupt 
judges  whose  escape  from  punishment 
IS  thus  related  : — 

"  After  his  apprehension  be  escaped 
from  custody,  and  disguising  himself,  ob- 
tained admission  as  a  novice  among  the 
friars  minors  of  St.  Edmondshury.  On 
the  discovery  of  his  retreat  the  sanctuary 
was  respected  for  the  forty  days  allowed 
by  the  law ;  after  which  the  introduction 
of  provisions  into  the  convent  was  prohi- 
bited. The  friars,  not  inclined  to  submit 
to  starvation,  soon  retired,  and  the  fallen 
jude^e,  finding  himself  deserted,  was  com- 
pelled to  deliver  himself  up  to  the  minis- 
ters of  justice  and  was  conveyed  to  the 
Tower.  The  King's  council  gave  him  the 
option  to  stand  his  trial,  to  he  imprisoned 
for  life,  or  to  ahjure  the  realm.  To  the 
latter  he  was  entitled  by  virtue  of  his 
sanctuary,  and  he  chose  it.  The  ceremony 
consisted  of  his  walking  barefoot  and  bare- 
headed with  a  crucifix  in  his  hand  from 
his  prison  to  the  seaside,  and  being  placed 
in  the  vessel  provided  for  his  transporta- 
tion. Ail  his  property  both  real  and  per- 
sonal, stated  to  have  been  of  the  value 
of  100,000  marks,  was  forfeited  to  the 
Crown."  (iii.  172.) 

During  the  reign  of  Edward  II.  the 
Chancellor,  who  had  hitherto  been 
called  cancellarim  regis,  began  to  be 
termed  the  "  chancellor  of  England," 
and  ultimately  the  "  Lord  Chancellor," 
although  that  title  does  not  seem  to 
have  been  established  until  the  time 
of  Henry  VI.  In  this  reign  also  oc- 
curred the  precedent  under  which  Mr. 
Foss  tells  us  that  the  Chancellor  for  the 
time  l>eing  still  claims,  as  his  perquisite, 
the  fragments  of  a  broken  great  seal 
whenever  a  new  one  chances  to  be 
made.  This  notable  precedent,  notable 
as  a  proof  of  the  strength  of  our  tra- 
ditional usages  even  in  trifles,  occurred 
on  the  4th  June,  1320.  Edward  II., 
in  the  great  chamber  of  his  palace  at 
A\'^estminster,  caused  certain  seals  of 
his  father's  time  to  be  brought  to  him, 
and  having  broken  them  to  i)ieces  de- 
livered the  fragments  to  the  Chancel- 
lor, "tanquam  feo<lum  ipsius  cancel- 
larii."  In  the  same  reign  the  title  of 
Chief- Baron  of  the  Exchequer  first 
came  into  use. 


Of  the  judges  of  this  reini  we  may 
allude  to  Robert  de  BaMock,  a  friend 
of  the  Despensers,  and  one  of  those 
counsellors  of  Edward  II.  against 
whom  the  popular  fury  was  implacable. 
His  death  in  Newgate  was  probably 
hastened  by  the  violence  of  his  treat* 
ment  by  an  infuriate  mob ;  Balph  de 
Hetigham,  the  legal  writer  and  builder 
of  the  clockhouse ;  William  Howard^ 
the  ancestor  of  our  premier  Duke;. 
Peter  MaUory,  who  tried  Sir  William 
Wallace;  and  Henrtf  Spigurnel^  un- 
fortunately immortalised  as  a  *'  giant 
of  cruelty." 

In  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  the  domus 
conversorum,  or  house  for  converted 
Jews,  was  permanently  annexed  to  the 
Mastership  of  the  Rolls;  the  higher 
clerks  also  in  the  Chancery  began  to  be 
recognised  by  the  name  of  "  Masters,** 
and  the  functions  of  the  Chancellor  to 
be  exercised  in  a  settled  court  held  in 
Westminster  Hall,  where  the  Chan- 
cellor sat  at  the  marble  table  on  which 
the  writs  were  accustomed  to  be  sealed. 
The  common  law  j  udges  had  at  this  time 
a  regular  "  fee,"  the  chiefs  of  40/.  and  the 
puisnes  of  40  marks  per  annum,  with 
additional  allowances  for  their  expenses 
on  going  the  assizes.  They  were  also 
furnished  with  summer  and  winter 
robes  out  of  the  king's  wardrobe.  In 
this  reign  the  present  Lins  of  Court 
and  Chancery  first  appear  in  connec- 
tion with  legal  education  and  practice. 
Amongst  the  more  eminent  judses  in 
this  reign  we  have  Richard  de  Swy^ 
the  author  of  the  Philobiblon ;  Hemy 
Green,  remembered  as  "  the  wise  jus- 
tice "  of  the  Common  Pleas ;  Simom 
de  Langham,  Abbot  of  Westminster, 
Chancellor,  Primate,  and  Cardinal, 
whose  benefactions  to  Westminster 
Abbey  are  said  to  have  amounted  to 
10,000/. ;  John  de  Stratford^  the  active 
Archbishop  and  Chancellor, who  crossed 
the  channel  thirtv-two  times  in  the 
public  service ;  WiUiam  de  Thorpe^ 
strangely  condemned  by  the  King  to 
be  hanged,  and  afterwards  as  strangely 
pardoned. 

Even  the  seats  of  justice  were  not 
exempted  from  the  trouble  and  ca- 
lamity which  distinguished  the  reign 
of  liichard  II.  The  compliant  jud^ 
drew  upon  themselves  the  indignation 
of  the  people  by  endeavouring  to  give 
a  le^al  sanction  to  the  tyranny  of  the 
foolish  King,  and  terrible  was  the    ~ 


1851.] 


Foss's  Lives  of  the  Judges. 


475 


▼enge  of  the  oppressed  and  excited 
populace.  Under  Robert  de  Bealknap^ 
Chief  Justice  of  the  Common  Fleas, 
John  de  Cavendish^  Chief  Justice  of 
the  King^s  Bench,  Michael  de  la  Pole, 
the  Chancellor,  Richard  le  Scrope,  Wil^ 
Ham  de  Skipwith  ^^  solus  inter  impios 
integer,^  Simon  de  Sudbury ^ and  Robert 
Tresilian,  Mr.  Fobs  has  had  oppor- 
tunities of  exhibiting  the  fearful  re- 
sults of  royal  misgovernment  andjudi- 
cial  venality;  whilst  William  o/Jryhe- 
ham  stands  apart  in  admirable  contrast, 
living  safely  through  a  period  of  great 
calamity,  and  leaving  behind  him 
foundations  for  education  and  charity 
which  will  preserve  his  name  for  ever  in 
the  memory  and  honour  of  Englishmen. 

Mr.  Foss  illustrates  the  le^al  cha- 
racteristics of  this  reign  by  Chaucer*s 
description  of  **  a  Serjeant  of  the  Law, 
wary  and  wise,**  and  of  the  "gentle 
Manciple  of  a  temple,"  In  considering 
whether  this  last  passage  refers  to  a 
le^al  settlement  in  the  Temple,  London, 
Air.  Foss  says  that  the  black-letter 
editions  of  Chaucer  read  "  the  temple,** 
whilst  seven  out  of  eight  of  the  MSS. 
in  the  British  Museum,  and  all  the 
modern  editions,  read  "a  temple.**  He 
professes  his  inability  to  give  the  ex- 
planation which  such  a  discrepancy 
renders  necessary;  but  we  think  he 
should  have  entered  into  the  subject, 
and  stated  the  facts  more  fully.  He 
should  have  told  us  which  of  the  MSS. 
of  Chaucer  in  the  British  Museum 
reads  "  the  Temple,**  and  what  are  its 
claims  to  authority.  The  question  is 
one  which  lies  in  his  path,  and  he  would 
have  done  well  to  have  stated  the  facts, 
even  if  he  declined  to  pronounce 
judgment. 

The  reign  of  Henry  IV.  is  distin- 
guished by  the  monarch*8  presumed 
antipathy  to  lawyers,  and  by  the  "lack- 
learning  parliament**  from  which  they 
were  excluded.  The  profession  gained 
more  than  it  lost  by  royal  discounte- 
nance. Under  the  smiles  of  a  court 
judges  have  too  oflen  been  found  sub- 
servient and  venal ;  under  its  frowns 
Sir  William  Gascoigne  committed  the 
Prince  of  Wales  to  custody  for  con- 
tempt of  court.  Mr.  Foss  takes  that 
incident  for  granted,  but  falls  foul  of 
Lord  Campbell  and  Shakspere  for  re- 
presenting Sir  William  Gascoigne  as 
continued  in  his  office  of  Chief  Justice 
by  Henry  V.    What  Shakspere  has 


written  upon  that  subject  Ib  known  to 
everybody.  Lord  Campbell  has  stated 
that  he  can  "prove  to  demonstration 
that  Sir  William  Gascoigne  .  .  .  actu- 
ally filled  the  office  of  Chief  Justice  of 
the  King*8  Bench  under  Henry  V." 
Mr.  Foss  shows,  by  reference  to  pub- 
lished records,  that  this  was  not  the 
case ;  that,  although  it  is  true  that  on 
the  day  after  Henry  V.*s  succession 
Gascoigne  was  summoned  to  attend  a 
pjarliament  by  the  title  of  "  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  our  Lord  the  King,**  yet  that 
he  did  not  attend  the  parliament,  and 
that  his  accustomed  place  in  that  as- 
sembly was  filled  by  his  successor  in 
his  court.  Sir  William  Hankford.  Mr. 
Foss  also  shows  that  the  year-books 
mention  Hankford  as  determining  cases 
in  the  King's  Bench  within  a  few 
months  aftier  the  accession  of  Henry 
v. ;  that  payments  made  to  Guscoigne 
out  of  the  Exchequer  were  made  to 
him  as  "  late  Chief  Justice  of  the  Bench 
of  Lord  Henry,  father  of  the  present 
King;**  and  that  on  his  tomb  he  is 
described  as  "  nuper  capit.  justic.  de 
banco  Hen.  nuper  regis  Anglise  quarti.** 
Du^dale  has  interposed  a  difficulty  by 
stating  that  Hankford  was  not  ap- 
pointed Chief  Justice  until  more  than 
ten  months  after  the  accession  of 
Henry  V.,  but  Mr.  Hardy,  having  re- 
ferred to  the  record,  finds  that  E&nk- 
ford  was  appointed  on  29  March,  1413, 
"just  eight  days  after  King  Henry*s 
accession,  and  ten  days  before  his  co- 
ronation.** Thus  it  is  that  record  evi- 
dence dissipates  the  clouds  and  dark- 
ness under  which  historical  writers 
grope  about,  and  bewilder  themselves 
and  their  readers. 

The  legal  history  of  Henry  V.  is  of 
little  interest, — inter  arma  suent  leges ; 
but  that  of  Henry  YI.  is  in  many  ways 
most  important.  Fortescue  furnishes 
much  useful  information ;  the  Faston 
Letters  come  to  the  aid  of  all  inquirers; 
and,  as  we  approach  the  period  of 
the  introduction  of  printing,  evidence 
thickens  on  every  side.  In  his  summary 
of  the  reign  Mr.  Foss  detaib  many 
curious  facts  in  legal  history,  and  es- 
pecially relating  to  the  settlement  of 
the  Inns  of  Court  and  Chancery,  to 
which  we  can  only  refer.  Amonffst 
the  judges  of  this  reign  are  four  Cardi- 
nals— Langley,  Beaufort,  Bourchicr, 
and  Kempe,  —  Sir  John  Fortescue, 
Richard  Nevile  Earl  of  Salisbury,  the 


476 


JFu:ts'x  Lives  of  the  Judges. 


[Nov. 


"good  judge  Paston,"  Archbishop  Staf- 
ford, and  Bishop  Waynflete,  with  many 
others  of  great  name  and  fame. 

In  his  account  of  Chief  Justice  Bil- 
ling, in  the  reign  of  Edward  IV.  Mr. 
Foss  again  breaks  a  lance  with  Lord 
Campbell.    His  lordship  seems  to  have 
conceived  an   antipathy  to  this  legal 
worthy,   and  consequently  represents 
him,  according  to  Mr.  Foss,  "as  m  every 
respect  a  contemptible  and  worthless 
person."  Mr.  Foss  comes  to  the  rescue, 
dissects   Lord   CampbelFs    assertions, 
and  proves  clearly  that,  in  this  case, 
as  in  many  others,  his   lordship   has 
been  altogether  misled.     One  part  of 
Lord  Campbell's  charge  is  that  Billing 
having  started  in  life  as  a  Lancastrian 
went  over  to  the  Yorkists,  and  proved 
his  "  renegade  zeal "  by  presiding  at  the 
well-known  trial  of  Thomas  Burdet  of 
Warwickshire.      It   was   by   Billins's 
means,  according  to  Lord  Campbell, 
that  Burdet  was  convicted  of  treason, 
for  wishing  that  his  favourite  buck, 
which  the  King  had  killed,  were  in 
the  belly  of  the  King,  or  of  the  man 
who  advised  the  King  to  kill  the  buck, 
horns  and  all.  The  case  has  been  com- 
mented upon  over  and  over  again ;  but 
what  is  the  fact  ?  what  says   the  re- 
cord ?     Upon  this  subject  let  us  hear 
Iklr.  Foss.     lie  tells  us  that  Burdet*s 
case  having  been  lately  referred  to  in 
Westminster  Hall   the  record  of  his 
attainder  was  searched  for  and  found 
in  the  Baga  de  Secretis;  that  the  pro- 
ceedings against  him  are  published  in 
Croke,  Charles,  p.  120;  that  the  whole 
story  of  the  buck  is  a  figment;  and 
that  the  charge  a<;ainst  Burdet  was  for 
conspiring  to   kill  the  kin^  and   the 
prince  by  casting  their  nativities,  fore- 
telling the  speedy  death  of  both,  and 
scattering  papers  containing  this  pro- 
phecy amongst  the  people.    The  re- 
cord further  proves  that  instead,   as 
Lord   Campbell   asserts,    of  Burdet's 
case  having  occurred  the  very  next 
term  after  Billing's  a])i)ointment,  which 
took  place  on  2.*5d  January,   1468-9, 
thus  alFording  him  the  opportunity  of 
exhibiting    his    presumed   "renegade 
zeal,"  liurdet's  offence  was  not  charged 
in  his  indictment  as  committed  until 
1474,  and  his  trial  did  not  take  place 
until  1477.     Under  the  circumstances, 
this  case  should  have  been  more  fully 


stated  by  Mr.  Foss^  that  is,  with  proofs 
more  at  large.  In  the  shape  in  which 
it  stands  in  Lord  Campbeu*8  book,  it 
has  been  accepted  by  all  our  lustorians, 
and  space  would  have  been  well  be- 
stowed in  endeavouring  to  extirpate 
so  prevalent  an  error. 

The  great  name  of  Lytdeton  occurs 
among  the  judges  of  Edward  IV. 
The  Commentary  of  Sir  Edward  Coke, 
on  his  Treatise  on  Tenures,  together 
with  the  commendations  of  Camden, 
have  kept  his  name  alive  amonj^  us 
to  this  day.  A  sort  of  traditional 
halo  surrounds  it.  We  accept  him  as 
a  kind  of  legal  hero,  but  few,  even  of 
our  lawyers,  now  know  anything  of  the 
work  which  gave  him  his  (Milebntj,  and 
fewer  still  on  its  perusal  can  discern 
the  greatness  and  excellence  which  in 
times  past  were  universally  attributed 
to  it.  So  utterly  changed  are  both  our 
law  and  its  literature. 

Archbishop  NetfiUe,  Urswyke  the 
recorder  oi  London  and  afterwards 
chief  baron,  and  Sir  WUUam  Yeloerton 
executor  of  Sir  John  Fastolf,  ^^the 
brave  and  slandered  knight,**  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Foss,  are  amongst  the 
judges  of  Edward  IV. ;  Archbuht^ 
BoSierham,  during  whose  time  it  is 
said  that  for  some  weeks  there  were 
two  chancellors,  a  precedent  which  has 
never  since  been  followed,  stands  as 
chancellor  of  Edwiurd  V.,  but  super- 
seded and  sent  to  the  Tower  by  the 
D  uke  of  G  loucester.  Russell^  Bishop  of 
Lincoln,  was  chancellor  to  Richard  III. 
His  address  to  the  Duke  of  Burgundy, 
when  sent  as  "  Master  John  Russell** 
to  invest  him  with  the  garter  in  1470i| 
is  said,  we  believe  erroneously,  to  haTe 
been  not  only  a  production,  but  the 
earliest  production,  of  Caxton*s  press.* 

With  Richard  III.  the  book  comes 
to  an  end  for  the  present,  and  three  or 
at  most  four  more  volumes  will  bring 
it  to  its  final  close.  The  design  is  an 
admirable  one,  the  inquiry  is  prose- 
cuted with  praiseworthy  diligence,  and 
the  Icgid  profession  will  justly  lajr 
itself  open  to  a  charge  of  ingratitude 
and  want  of  respect  to  the  memory  of 
its  great  men,  if  it  docs  not  give  such 
encouragement  to  the  author  as  will 
enable  him  to  carry  on  his  work  with 
a  spirit  pro]>ortioncd  to  its  professional 
and  historical  importance. 


♦  See  C.  Knight's  Life  of  Caxton,  pp.  103 — 107. 


477 


THE  CAREER  AND  CHARACTER  OF  PETER  ABELARD. 


BRIT  ANY  is  proud  of  her  great 
men.  In  philosophy,  she  boasts  of 
Descartes;  in  chivabj^of  Du  Guesclin; 
she  rejoices  in  Latour  d'  Auvergne,  the 
"  first  grenadier  of  France  ;'*  she  points 
to  the  tomb  of  Chateaubriand  with  a 
mournful  joj;  and,  if  anything  like 
shame  can  possess  her  when  number- 
ing her  sons,  it  is  when  there  appear 
on  the  roll  the  names  of  Abelard  and 
Lamennais,  the  first  and  the  last  of 
the  **  heretics  **  of  Britanj. 

For  all,  save  the  last  two,  the  old 
Armorica  acknowledges  an  unlimited 
love.  For  Abelard,  tnere  is  a  divided 
allegiance;  for  Lamennais  there  is 
nothing  but  a  voice  of  mourning,  as 
over  a  fallen  star  of  the  Romish  Church. 

The  controversy  with  respect  to  the 
merits  or  demerits  of  the  learned  lover 
of  Heloise  has  of  late  been  renewed  in 
France  generally,  and  in  Britanj|r  par- 
ticularly, with  a  hot  and  eager  mten- 
sity.  M.  de  Remusat  claims  the  great 
dialectician  as  a  reformer  before  the 
Reformation;  as  one  who,  when  re- 
conciled to  Rome,  was  **  unconvinced 
still,"  maintaining  his  old  heresv,  pro- 
pagating his  old  philosophy,  and  prac- 
tising his  old  sins  by  living  again  upon 
tlic  ecstatic  memory  of  those  stolen 
hours  of  love  which  have  given  im- 
mortality to  a  couple  of  names.  There 
are  others  of  less  fame  and  more 
orthodoxy  than  M.  de. Remusat^  who 
have  little  faith  in  the  gracefully  ex- 
pressed repentance  of  either  of  the  two 
renowned  lovers.  Against  these,  the 
most  accomplished  of  scholars,  the 
most  experienced  of  antiquaries,  and 
the  most  faithful  of  the  obedient  chil- 
dren who  are  still  conquering  Gaul  for 
Rome,  has  appeared  as  the  champion  of 
Abelard  and  the  apologist  of  Heloise. 
This  double  duty,  an  entire  task  of 
love,  has  been  undertaken  by  Aurelien 
dc  Courson,  who  in  his  great  work  on 
the  history  of  the  Breton  nations, 
^^  Histoire  des  Pcuples  Bretons,**  has 


devoted  no  inconsiderable  space  to  a 
defence  of  the  character  and  career  of 
Peter  Abelard.  We  honour  his  chi- 
valrous courage,  and  we  acknowledge 
his  "  cunning  of  fence  ;**  but  we  must 
declare  at  tne  outset  that  never  was 
failure  more  signal  or  more  complete. 
The  champion  is  slain  bv  his  own 
weapons;  the  defender  is  buried  be- 
neath the  defences  which  himself  has 
raised.  If  it  be  sport  to  **  hoist  the 
engineer  with  his  own  petard,**  ^tey 
may  have  it  who  will  take  from  M.  de 
Courson  the  arms  which  he  has  pre- 
pared with  much  pains,  great  skill,  and 
little  result  favourable  to  himself. 

Peter  Abelard  was  bom  in  the  year 
1079,  when  Britanj  was  free,  and 
Hoel  rV.  was  sovereign  count  thereof. 
The  place  of  his  birth  was  Pallet,  a 
hamlet  between  Nantes  and  Clisson. 
His  mother  was  a  Bretonne  of  Bri- 
tany,  his  sire  a  gentleman  and  a 
solaier  of  Poitou,  Norman  by  descent, 
and  bearing  with  him  all  the  fierce 
characteristics  of  his  race.  Abelard 
inherited  all  of  hb  father  but  the 
Norman  love  for  arms.  Greatness  was 
offered  him,  and  knighthood  was  be- 
fore him,  but  chiva&y  tempted  him 
not.  At  the  moment  that  this  child 
in  Britany  was  defying  with  petu- 
lant scorn  the  temptations  of  the  tented 
field,  there  was  another  boy  in  Bur- 
gundy, the  son  of  noble  parents,  also 
renouncing  the  greatness  to  be  won  bj 
*^  pricking  o*er  the  plain.**  This  last- 
named  boy  was  the  great  Bernard, 
and  the  two  were  destined  to  meet 
as  foes  within  those  lists  where  there 
is  a  "cudgelling  of  brains,**  but  no 
peril  of  life.  The  hostile  sons  of  chi- 
valrous sires  had  every  quality  of 
knighthood  save  courtesy.  If  spoken 
daggers  could  have  killed,  St.  Bernard 
womd  have  slain  his  adversary  a  thou- 
sand times  over;  in  wordy  deadliness 
of  design  the  scholastic  Abelard  was 
not  a  whit  behind  his  mystical  enemy .^ 


*  Heloise,  in  her  vlTacioos  correspondence,  treats  St.  Bernard  as  a  "miserable  old 
impostor  !**  The  saint  styled  Abelard  an  *<  infernal  dragon/'  and  a  "wretched  song 
writer."  It  would  be  worth  while  to  collect  the  fragments  of  these  songs  if  they  eonld 
be  found,  for  they  were  long  famous  for  their  sweetness  and  pathos.  The  songs  wbicfa 
poor  Goldsmith  too  wrote  for  the  Dublin  ballad-singen  would  make  another  noble  col- 
lection if  they  could  be  discovered. 


478 


The  Career  and  Character  of  Peter  Abelard.  [Nov. 


Peter  was  a  marvellous  child ;  learn- 
ing was  his  nourishment.  The  down 
was  yet  upon  his  chin  when  he  was 
wanderine  from  university  to  univer- 
sity, knocKing  at  its  gates,  and  chal- 
lenging bearded  doctors.  M.  de  Cour- 
son  looks  upon  this  period  as  an  Au- 
gustan age,  citing,  by  way  of  proof, 
the  crowds  of  professors  who  taught 
and  the  mob  of  students  who  followed 
them.  But  what  was  the  instruction  of 
the  first,  and  what  the  profit  drawn 
from  it  by  the  second?  Upon  the  thick 
yet  well-trodden  straw  of  the  cloister 
of  Notre  Dame  de  Paris  the  theolo- 
gical students  used  to  fiing  themselves 
m  dirty,  drunken,  and  disorderly  mul- 
titudes, and,  after  a  long  and  oflen- 
interrupted  course,  they  departed  with 
a  few  pages  of  Aristotle,  got  by  heart, 
a  prayer  or  two,  made  familiar  to  them 
by  mystic  paraphrases,  and  their  brains, 
too  oilcn  drowned  in  wine  or  shaken 
by  debauchery,  shattered  into  utter 
uselessness  by  the  verbose  and  stu- 
pendous nothmgs  of  the  dialectic  lec- 
turers. Some  escaped  from  such  a 
course  with  minds  uninjured,  but  we 
doubt  if  Abelard  can  be  cited  as  an 
exception.  His  philosophy  was  un- 
worthy of  the  name,  his  principles  and 
acts  dis^accd  Christianity,  and  his 
entire  life  was  marked  to  the  end  by 
those  inconsistencies  which  stamp  a 
man  who  knowing  what  is  good  re- 
fuses to  follow  it,  and  who  would 
rather  be  wrong  with  Plato  than  right 
with  all  the  world  beside. 

The  most  famous  dialectician  of  his 
day  was  William  of  Champeaux,  and 
at  the  feet  of  William  in  Paris  sat 
Abelard  to  learn  logic  and  surpass  his 
master.  The  fallacies  of  the  teacher 
were  exposed  by  the  pupil  to  his  fellow 
students,  and  the  result  was  the  open- 
ing of  a  class  at  Melun  where  Abehird 
assumed  the  professorial  chair  and 
taught  marvellous  subtleties,  which 
admiring  crowds,  fabulous  as  to  number, 
took  for  wisdom,  merely  because  they 
were  wrapt  in  a  tuneful  eloquence.  In 
the  absence  of  Abelard,  the  prosperity 
of  William  of  Champeaux  was  renewed, 
and  to  the  feet  of  his  old  tutor  Abelard, 
worn  out  with  his  own  labours  at 
!Melun,  resorted  to  study  rhetoric  and 
insult  his  preceptor.  lie  soon  ailer 
established  his  own  chisses  in  the 
capital,  on  theiVIontagne  St.  Genevieve. 
This  was  in   1115,  but  ailer  a  short 


visit  to  Brittany,  to  take  leave  of  his 
parents,  both  of  whom  embraced  a 
monastic  life,  and  became  dead  to  the 
sins,  the  errors,  and  the  glory  of  their 
son,  we  find  him  at  Laon  studying 
theology  under  the  great  Anselm  of 
Loudun.  Here  again  the  scholar 
laughed  at  the  beanl  of  his  master. 
"If  you  look  at  him  at  a  distance,** 
said  the  irreverend  alumnus  to  his 
grinning  condiscipuli,  "  he  is  as  a  fine 
tree  bending  beneath  its  foliage ;  come 
close,  and  the  tree  bears  no  b^ter  fruit 
than  the  arid  fig  cursed  by  Christ. 
When  he  kindles  into  fire,  there  is 
smoke,  but  no  light.**  It  was  here 
that  he  declared  his  readiness  to  ex- 
pound Ezekiel,  the  most  thorny  of  the 
prophets,  after  a  single  day's  prepara- 
tion ;  and  when  it  was  suggested  that 
custom,  and,  it  might  have  been  added, 
common  sense,  required  that  such  ex- 

Eounding  should  only  be  the  fruit  of 
)n^  study,  he  laughed  arrogantly,  and 
declared,  with  spirit  as  arrogant,  that 
it  was  not  his  custom  to  foUow  what 
was  usual  but  to  obey  his  impulses. 
The  remark  s^iews  that  he  had  one 
essential  of  philosophy,  *^  self-know- 
ledrre!" 

With  the  reputation  attached  to 
such  arrogance,  and  with  the  disgrace 
connected  with  being  expressly  for- 
bidden by  Anselm  to  expound  Scrip- 
ture at  all,  Abelard  hastened  to  tne 
metropolis,  got  possession  of  the  chair 
of  theology  vacated  by  his  old  master 
William  oi  Champeaux,  delivered  lec- 
tures on  Ezekiel  to  a  concourse  of 
students  who  lefl  their  occupation  of 
drinking  wine  and  cutting  purses  to 
listen  to  him,  and  received  as  his  re- 
ward the  higli  office  of  Canon  of  Paris. 
The  score  of  cardinals  andhalf  hundred 
bishops,  who  are  also  said  to  have  at- 
tended the  lectures  of  the  disciple  of 
Aristotle,  perhaps  gave  evidence  of  his 
orthodoxy !  His  ideal  of  a  Church 
pleased  them.  The  present  occupier 
of  the  canonry  held  by  Abelard,  M. 
Deplace,  has  been  making  the  Hanover 
S(|uare  liooms  re-echo  during  the 
summer  months  (and  rendering  as- 
sembled cardinals  and  bishops  exultant 
too)  with  assurances  that  toe  Church 
is  soverei^  on  earth,  and  the  state  its 
subject,  if  not  its  slave.  While  Europe 
was  sending  countless  numbers  of  her 
sons  from  all  parts  to  listen  to  the 
music  and  to  learn  the  method  of  the 


1851.]        Tlie  Career  and  Character  of  Peter  Abelard, 


479 


lecturer,  the  great  expounder  of  Eze- 
kiel  was  solacing  his  learned  leisure  with 
the  society  of  meretricious  beauties! 
That  he  had  ruined  himself  with  the 
companionship  of  courtesans  was  the 
friendly  reproach  of  Foulques,  in  a 
letter  still  extant.*  Pride  was  ruin- 
ing him  to  the  full  as  speedily.  He 
cast  his  eye  over  the  five  thousand 
students  who  stood  mute  and  impatient 
to  catch  wisdom  from  his  lips,  and  the 
devil  bade  him  hold  himself  the  greatest 
philosopher  of  his  ase.  He  was  fairly 
drunk  with  his  burning  spirit  of  vanity : 
*^  me  solum,'*  he  says  (Abela.  Epist.  I.) 
"  me  solum  in  mundo  superesse  phi- 
losophum  eestimarem  :'*  the  devil  bad 
bidden  him  account  himself  the  ereatest 
philosopher  in  the  world,  but  he  bet- 
tered the  instructions  of  the  angel  who 
fell  through  pride,  and  held  himself  to 
be  the  only  one. 

And  now,  in  presence  of  this  terrible 
compound  of  human  passions  and  su- 
perhuman learning,  stands  the  ac- 
complished Heloise;  rich  in  beauty, 
rich  m  Latin,  in  Greek,  and  in  Hebrew ; 
as  fond  by  nature  as  he  was  proud 
and  susceptible;  and  as  frail,  and  as 
shameless  of  her  frailty,  as  he  was 
eager  to  profit  by  it  Truly  has  Dryden 
said  that 

when  to  sin  our  biaas'd  natnre  leans, 

The  careful  devil  is  still  at  hand  with  means ; 
And  providently  pimps  for  ill-desires. 

So  it  was  in  this  case,  where  the 
tempted  met  the  tempter  half-way. 
Let  young  and  pure  hearts  be  assured 
that  when,  in  their  sweet  wooing  time, 
they  talk  smilingly  of  the  exemplary 
love  and  fidelity  of  Abelard  ancf  He- 
loise, they  are  flinging  their  incense 
before  unworthy  shrines.  Those  idols 
of  all  youthful  lovers  lacked  dignity, 
honesty,  and  purity.  They  not  only  de- 
liberately fell,  but  deliberately  boasted 
of  their  offence.  Honest  affection 
should  deposit  its  garland  on  a  purer 
altar  than  the  shrine  of  these  sinning 
lovers. 

Hejoise  was  the  "niece"  of  Fulbert, 


a  fellow  canon  with  Abelard  in  the 
cathedral  church  of  Paris.  The  blood 
of  the  Montmorencies  was  hers,  says 
M.  de  Courson,  through  her  mother. 
This,  however,  is  very  questionable. 
No  one  knows  who  her  mother  really 
was.  By  one  authoritjjr  it  is  stated 
that  Fulbert  "Heloysiam  naturalem 
filiam  habebat  prs^tanti  ingenio  for- 
maque."  The  ardent  Peter  corre- 
sponded with  the  ardent  youn^  lady 
while  she  was  only  a  pupil  in  the 
convent  of  Argenteuil.  At  his  sug- 
gestion the  uncle  brought  her  home 
to  his  own  hearth,  and  admitted 
Abelard,  on  his  own  urgent  prayer, 
to  be  the  inmate  of  his  house  and  the 
tutor  of  his  niece.  And  straightway 
the  expounder  of  Ezekiel  took  to 
writing  love-song^;  the  lecturer  on 
Plato  and  Origen  to  reading  romances 
of  the  heart  "There  were,"  wrote 
Heioise  to  Abelwd,  years  after,  and 
when  both  are  imagined  to  have  been 
absorbed  in  their  remorse, "  there  were 
two  things  in  you  that  would  have 
captivated  any  woman;  one  was  the 
grace  with  which  you  recited,  the 
other  the  charm  with  which  you  sunff  !** 
M.  Courson  is  sentimental  on  the 
subject  of  the  errors  of  this  young 
pair,  but  he  has  gone  into  less  of  pic- 
torial detail  than  Abelard  himself.  The 
Canon  of  Paris,  in  his  after  correspond- 
ence with  the  lady,  when  the  latter 
had  taken  the  veil,  thus  helped  the  nun 
to  repentance  by  feeding  her  imagina- 
tion  with  the  memories  of  the  past. 

"  Under  the  semblance  of  study  we 
were  all-surrendered  to  love.  Love 
made  choice  of  the  retired  spot  where- 
in glided  by  the  hour  of  our  lesson ; 
love  was  the  subject  of  our  speech  and 
of  our  thoughts ;  and  with  the  page 
open  before  us  we  only  meditated  on 
love.  We  exchanged  more  kisses  than 
sentences,  and  we  oftener  turned  to 
caresses  than  to  our  books,  on  which 
our  eyes  could  not  wiUin^ly  fall  after 
gazing  at  each  other.  Fmally,  and  in 
order  to  prevent  any  suspicion  on  the 


*  It  is  but  fair  to  add  that  the  young  professor  denies  this  in  his  Correspondence. 
In  his  letter  to  Philintns,  referring  to  Heloise,  he  says,  "  Froena  Hbidini  ooepi  laxare, 
qui  antea  vixeram  continentissime.*'  "  I  had  always  an  aversion,**  be  says  again,  **  to 
those  light  women  whom  it  is  a  reproach  to  porsae."  Bat  in  the  same  letter  there  la 
a  boast  that  do  woman  whom  he  addressed  could  resist  bim ;  and  there  is,  therewith, 
in  describing  his  repulse  of  the  advances  made  to  him  by  Agaton,  the  fair  handmaid  of 
Heloise,  such  a  sparkling  detail  of  the  charms  and  ways  of  the  serving  lady,  that  we 
are  disiaclined  to  put  much  faith  in  the  assertion  of  a  generally  virtuous  demeanour. 


480 


J%e  Career  and  Character  of  Peter  Abelard.  [Nov. 

Books  and  distaffs,  pens  and  spinning- 
wheels,  are  opposites.  How  could  we 
have  borne,  in  place  of  theological  and 
philanthropical  meditations, the  screams 
of  children,  the  songs  of  nurses,  and 
the  thousand  miseries  of  domestic  life?** 
Subsequent  to  their  separation,  and 
when  she  was  the  "  mother  "  of  a  nun- 
nery, the  pious  ladj  reminded  him  that 
while  they  loved  without  thinking  of 
matrimony  Heaven  had  been  indul- 
gent; but  that  they  had  no  sooner 
thought  of  marriage  than  Providence 
visited  them  with  all  sorts  of  tribulation  I 
To  the  end  of  her  own  life  this  exem- 
plary lady  protested  that  she  would 
rather  be  his  ^*  concubine  **  than  his 
wife.  She  was  neither,  for  any  length 
of  time.  A  private  marriage,  indeed, 
took  place,  but Fulbert, stillindignant, 
no  sooner  found  Abelard  lying  at  his 
mercy,  in  Paris,  than  he  inflicted  upon 
him  that  sanguinary  vengeance  which 
reduced  the  victim  to  the  condition  of 
Atys  ;  which  drove  Heloise  to  obey  the 
now  selfish  and  jealously  expressed 
will  of  her  lover,  to  take  the  veil  at 
Argenteuil ;  *  and  which  made  of 
Abelard  himself  a  most  unwilling  monk. 
He  assumed  the  monastic  habit  at  St. 
Denis,  not,  as  he  himself  confesses,  out 
of  devotion,  but  out  of  shame.  As 
for  the  victim  and  partner  of  hb  guilty 
she  walked  to  the  altar  heedless  of  the 
tears  and  expostulations  of  her  friends. 
Modesty  went  not  with  her,  nor  re- 
pentance neither.  There  was  nothing 
of  the  humiliation  of  the  Magdalen. 
The  Gospel  was  neither  in  her  heart 
nor  on  her  lips.  As  the  irremovable 
veil  fell  over  her  brow,  the  spouse  of 
Cliriat  thought  only  of  her  husband 
after  the  flesh,  and  the  last  words  she 
uttered  as  she  entered  the  cloister  for 
ever  were  those  attributed  by  Lucan 
(in  his  Pharsalia,  1.  viii.)  to  Cornelia, 
deploring  the  overthrow  of  the  be- 
loved Ponipcy,  and  the  expiation  en- 
dured by  his  wife  for  his  sake : — 


part  of  Fulbert,  we  had  our  little 
chastisements,  but  love,  and  not  anger, 
measured  the  blows,  which  were  more 
gentle  even  than  the  caresses  them- 
selves." The  after-reminiscences  of 
Heloise  were  not  less  warm  or  active. 
"  What  wife,  or  maiden,*'  she  exclaims, 
"  did  not  dream  of  him  when  absent,  or 
burn  for  him  when  present  ?  What 
queen  or  noble  lady  did  not  envy  my 
delights  ?  "  And  again,  long  afler  he 
had  been  in  his  tomb  and  she  had 
fallen  into  years,  she  wrote,  and  wrote 
repeat^jdly,  "  Vows  and  monastery,  I 
have  not  lost  my  human  feelings  be- 
neath your  pitiless  rules ;  you  have 
not  by  changing  my  garment  con- 
verted me  into  marble." 

When  the  scandal  of  their  lives  of- 
fended even  the  unscrupulous  age  in 
which  they  lived,  Fulbert  awoke  to 
conviction  and  separated  the  lovers. 
Abelard,  however,  carried  off  the  lady, 
nothing  loth,  and  the  pair  fled  into 
Britany.  His  sister  afforded  them  a 
refuge,  and  the  fruit  of  guilt  was  born 
beneath  her  roof.  Tlie  son  who  there 
unhappily  saw  the  light  received  the 
affected  name  of  Astrolabe.  On  re- 
ceiving knowledge  of  his  birth,  Fulbert 
insisted  that  Al)elard  should  marry  his 
niece.  M.  de  Courson,  ever  partial  to 
the  criminal,  says  tliat  Abelard  offered 
to  marry  Heloise!  Accepting  this 
assertion  as  true,  why  did  M.  de  Cour- 
son separate  from  the  text,  and  bury 
in  an  obscure  note,  the  record  of  the 
fact  that  the  calculating  Peter  stipu- 
lated that  the  marriage,  if  it  mwtt  take 
place,  should  be  performed  in  private 
and  kept  secret,  for  the  sufficient  rea- 
son that  by  its  becoming  public  he 
should  be  disappointed  in  his  iiopes  and 
expectations  of  rising  to  the  highest 
honours  in  the  church  ? 

Let  us  be  strictly  just,  however,  to 
Abelard.  If  he  made  a  grimace  at  the 
prospect  of  marriage,  Heloise  quoted 
St.  Paul,  Theophrastus,  and  Cicero  in 
his  favour.  In  her  own  words  it  is 
written :  "  What  could  we  scholars 
have  had  in  common  with  household 
servants  ?  Conversation  and  cradles 
would     have     marred     one    another. 


0  inaxime  coi\)ax, 


0  thalamiH  inilifrnc  meki,  hoc  jurU  haMbat 
In  tantuin  fortuna  caput  1    Cor  impU  nnpsi 
Si  niiserum  factora  foi?    Nunc  acdpe  pouiM 
Se<l  quad  8i>onto  luam  1 


*  The  Letter  of  Abelard  on  this  point  is  a  disgrace  to  manhood.  He  bribed  the 
conventual  authorities  to  inveigle  her  within  the  walls  by  a  false  colouring  of  the  alleged 
pleasures  of  conventual  life ;  and  no  sooner  found  her  securely  imprisoned  for  ever 
than  he  gave  utterance  to  his  gladness  that  no  man  could  possess  what  was  denied  to 
him,  and  that  on  one  point  Abelard  and  the  world  were  equal. 
4 


1851.]        Tlie  Career  and  Character  of  Peter  Abelard. 


AHl 


This  was  but  an  unpromising  com- 
mencement of  a  course  of  repentance. 
If  Brother  Peter  ever  counselled  her 
to  better,  the  advice  was  nullified  bv 
the  reminiscences  of  the  lover  Abelard. 
One  example  may  suffice  to  show  how 
he  mingled  present  grave  thoushts 
with  past  and  dangerous  recollections 
"  Nosti . .  quid  ibi  (in  the  monasterv 
of  Argenteuil)  tecum  mea  libidinis 
egerit  mtemperantia  in  qufidam  etiam 
parte  ipsius  refectorii  .  . .  Nosti  id  im- 
pudentissime  tunc  actum  esse  in  tam 
reverendo  loco  et  summse  Virgini  con- 
secrato.**  What  was  this  but  bidding 
her  be  mindful  of  their  old  loves  in 
the  place  where  free  indulgence  had 
been  given  to  them?  Those  who 
would  read  more  of  similar  matter  we 
refer  to  Paquier,  to  the  history  and 
letters  of  Abelard  and  Heloise,  written 
in  Latin,  and  first  published  in  a  4to. 
volume,  in  1616,  or  to  the  translation 
of  the  same  into  French,  given  to  the 
world  bv  Bastim,  in  1782.  As  for 
Heloise,  Pope  has  refinedlj  rendered 
the  essence  of  her  epistolary  style  in 
his  well-known  lineiB,  equally  well- 
known  in  France  by  the  translation 
of  Colardeau,  and  Martin  de  Choisy 
has  penned  some  gaiUarde  verses  de- 
scriptive of  the  history  of  the  lady  and 
her  lover.  To  that  lover  we  must 
now  give  our  exclusive  attention.* 

Abelard  flung  himself  into  active 
life.  He  again  ascended  the  profes- 
sorial rostrum,  and  lectured  on  theo- 
logy and  logic  to  thousands  of  hearers, 
whose  appetite  to  listen  to  him  had 
been  excited  by  recent  circumstances. 
He  was  more  popular  and  also  more 
proud  than  ever,  and  his  pride  im- 
pelled him  to  write  that  "  Introduc- 
tion to  Theolo^**  which  raised  all 
Christendom  againt  him  as  a  denier  of 
the  Trinity,  and  which  caused  his  con- 
demnation by  the  council  of  Soissons, 
not  only  for  his  heresy,  but  for  his 
ijn;norance  of  the  chief  dogmas  of  the 
Christian  faith.  M.  de  Courson  says 
that  he  retired  in  grief  to  the  mo- 


nastery of  St.  Medard ;  but  this  is  not 
the  fact  The  brotherhood  of  St. 
Denis  thrust  him  into  the  street,  and 
St.  Medard  was  assi^ed  him  only  as 
a  prison.  His  humility,  feigned  or 
real,  procured  his  speedy  restoration 
to  St.  Denis ;  but  be  was  no  sooner 
there  than  he  made  the  place  too  hot 
to  hold  him,  by  declaring  to  the  infh* 
riate  monks  that  St.  Denis,  Bidiop  of 
Paris,  was  not  identical  with  the  mndi 
earlier  St.  Denys  the  Areopagite.  M. 
de  Courson  should  have  snown  how 
the  poor  monks  might  have  stood  ex* 
cused  for  their  error,  seeing  that,  as  if 
in  confirmation  of  that  error.  Inno- 
cent n.  had  just  presented  to  the 
church  of  the  French  martyr  the  bodyt 
lacking  the  head,  of  the  Athenian 
Bishop.  Many  a  wrong  opinion  has 
been  maintained  on  a  worse  founda- 
tion.f  A  second  expulsion  rewarded 
the  temerity  of  AbelfutI,  who  resomed 
the  calline  more  agreeable  to  his 
humour,  of  public  lecturer ;  and,  after 
much  wandering^,  and  a  success  which 
increased  a  vanity  already  nearly  in* 
tolerable,  he  settled  for  a  time  tt 
Troyes,  and  castle  and  cottage  were 
alike  emptied  of  its  ocoupants,  who 
assembled  around  the  bold  master, 
whose  liberality  erected  for  their  use 
the  well-frequented  church  of  the 
Paraclete.  If  Abelard  had  been  drunk 
with  vanity  before,  he  was  now  insane. 
His  sentiments,  uttered  with  a  self- 
sufficient  arrogance,  were  so  utterly 
opposed  to  Romish  doctrine,  that  St. 
Bernard  arose,  and,  though  less  learned 
and  less  logical  than  his  opponent,  so 
far  triumpied  over  his  aaversary  as 
to  exact  from  him  a  promise  to  circn- 
late  no  more  opinions  that  the  church 
did  not  sanction.  In  testimony  of  h» 
defeat,  he  abandoned  the  Paraclete  to 
Heloise  and  a  community  of  nuns, 
of  which  she  was  the  superior,  opened 
there  with  her  that  famous  correspon- 
dence, little  redolent  of  repentance 
in  the  heart  of  either  writer,  and  be- 
took himself  to  the  Abbey  of  Buys, 


*  We  would  not  willingly  pass  withoat  notice  the  elegant  and  the  first  English 
translation  published  exactly  a  century  ago,  A.n.  1751.  The  translator,  in  the  prefkoe* 
blushes  at  the  idea  of  our  great-grandmothers  finding  pleasure  in  reading  the  onee 
famous,  and  fictitious,  "  Letters  of  a  Nun  and  a  Cavalier."  He  hardly  improved  the 
matter  by  laying  before  them  the  fenrid  reminiscences  of  the  more  real  couple. 

t  Voltairci  who  used  to  ridicule  monastic  learning,  has  fkllen  into  this  old  mooastio 
error,  and  has  confounded  Denis  and  Dionysins.  See  Dictionn.  Philosoph.  Art. 
*•  Denis/'  and  note  14  to  the  Ist  Canto  of  L0  PuetUe. 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI.  3  Q 


482 


Tlie  Career  and  Character  of  Peter  Abelard.  [Nov. 


said  to  have  been  founded  by  that  sup- 
posititious British  Jeremiah  to  whom 
nave  been  attributed  the  gloomy  pages 
"I)e  excidio  Britannia*/  namely,  St. 
Gildas ;  the  brotherhood  of  which  mo- 
nastery, acknowledged  by  M.  de  Cour- 
son  to  be  a  set  of  wild,  unclean,  igno- 
rant, and  drunken  savages,  had,  in  one 
of  their  fits  of  unconsciousness,  elected 
him  as  their  abbot. 

While  Abelard  was  struggling  to 
make  externally  decent  Christians  of 
the  debauched  fraternity,  he  was  also 
engaged  in  circulating  writings  in 
which  the  eagle-eyed  St.  Bernard  de- 
tected the  combined  heresies  of  Arius 
against  the  Trinity,  of  Xestorius 
against  the  Incarnation,  and  of  Pela- 
gius  against  Grace.  The  offender  and 
his  accuser  met  face  to  face  on  the 
2nd  June,  1 1 40,  before  the  council  of 
Sens.  The  majesty  of  France,  as  well 
as  the  greatness  of  the  church,  was 
present,  and  all  eyes  were  turned  upon 
the  two  athletie.  The  expectation  of 
a  noble  intellectual  struggle  was  dis- 
appointed, for  St.  BiTnnrd  had  no 
sooner  oj)ened  the  attack  than  Abelard, 
pale  and  faint,  declared  that  ho  ap- 
pealed to  Rome,  and  hurriedly  \ci\  the 
assembly.  The  council  nevertheless 
condenmed  him.  Borne  confirmed  the 
judgment,  and  sentenced  the  offender 
"  to  eternal  silence."  Abelard  bent 
his  head  in  obedience,  and  withdrew 
to  the  Abbey  of  St.  ^ledanl ;  so  says 
M.  de  Courson ;  but  the  obedience  of 
the  priest  was  a  matter  of  compulsion, 
and  St.  Medard  was  the  place  of  cap- 
tivity to  which  he  was  condemned. 
Thence,  says  the  author  just  named, 
he  wrote  a  confession  of  faith  and  sub- 
mission, and  addressed  it  to  Ileloise, 
"  his  sister  in  Christ."  Very  true ;  but 
in  this  communication  he  says  to  his 
"  beloved  sister,"  "  I  have  not  been 
able  to  escape  the  critics;  neverthe- 
less, God  knows  that  I  cannot  find  in 
my  books  the  faults  with  which  1  am 
charged."  The  olVor  to  retract  them, 
if  they  arc  there,  is  of  little  value  when 
he  calls  God  to  witness  that  he  cannot 
find  them. 

lie  longed  yet  for  a  trium[)h  to  be 
given  to  him  in  Bome  itself,  and 
trusted  to  his  clofpience  to  secure  it, 
if  he  could  succeed  in  obtaining  an  in- 
terview with  the  i)ontiir.  He  set  out 
for  that  purpose,  but  neither  St.  Ber- 
nanl  ofCiteaux,  nor  Peter  the  Venera- 


ble of  Cluny,  had  lost  sight  of  his 
movements.  They  intercepted  him  oa 
his  way,  and  so  wrought  upon  their 
impressionable  brother  that  he,  whether 
by  his  own  will  or  in  spite  of  it,  gave 
up  his  journey,  and  never  again  left 
Cluny^  except  when  for  the  sake  of 
his  health  he  was  transferred  to  a 
monastery  at  Chalons,  where  he  died, 
in  a  semi-odour  of  sanctity,  on  the 
21st  April,  1142,  in  the  63rd  year  of 
his  age. 

Peter  the  Venerable,  in  a  rather 
warm  letter  to  Heloise,  to  whom  he 
says,  "would  to  Heaven  that  Cluny  pos- 
sessed you  also ! "  s{)eaks  in  high  terms 
of  the  perfect  humility  of  Abelard  in 
his  retirement,  or  captivity.  We  are 
inclined  to  agree  with  Bemusat,  that 
this  humility  may  have  been  feigned 
in  order  to  obtain  his  freeilom.  "  He 
gave  up,"  adds  the  Venerable  Peter, 
"  logic  for  the  Gospel  ;  nature  for 
the  Apostles;  Plato  for  Christ;  the 
academy  for  the  cloister."  Was  any 
choice  allowed  him  ?  Or  can  we  ac- 
cept "  the  Venerable  "  as  a  competent 
judge,  when,  in  the  epitaph  he  inscribed 
ujwn  the  tomb  of  the  convert,  he 
called  him  the  "  Socrates  of  Gaul,"  the 
"  IMato  of  the  West,"  and  "  our  own 
Aristotle  ?  " 

On  a  dark  night  of  the  November 
following  the  April  in  which  Abelard 
died,  Peter  the  Venerable,  in  order  to 
gratify  Heloise,  stole  the  remains  of 
her  lover,  and  had  them  conveyed  to 
the  Paraclete,  where  during  twenty- 
one  years  the  loving  woman  visited 
them  daily.  She  survived  till  1163, 
when  she  died  with  the  calmness  of  a 
saint.  She  was  mourned  by  her  nuns 
as  a  lady  superior  deserved  to  be,  who 
"  of  human  frailty  construed  mild.** 
She  loved  order  so  much  that  she  would 
not,  as  she  says  in  the  last,  and  bj  far 
the  warmest  and  lK)ldest  of  her  epis- 
tles to  Abelard,  allow  her  young  ladies 
to  be  running  riot  at  midnight.  But 
when  a  little  love  affair  was  carried 
on  with  decency  and  discretion,  she 
thought  upon  Abelard  and  smiled ! 
The  gratitude  of  the  nuns  of  the  house 
endured  for  a  good  six  centuries,  and 
in  honour  of  her  they  performed  a 
mass  annually  (on  the  anniversary  of 
her  death)  in  the  Greek  language ! 

In  11  ()8  the  body  of  Heloise  was 
placed  in  the  cofHn  which  held  what 
was  mortal  of  her  lover,  whose  arms, 


1851.]      Historical  Consequences  of  a  Mistake  in  a  Name* 


488 


according  to  the  legend,  opened  to 
receive  her.  When  334  years  had 
passed,  the  silent  lovers  were  again 
disunited,  and,  in  1497,  placed  in  se- 
parate coffins  and  different  graves.  In 
1779  thej  were  re- united  partially, 
being  deposited  side  by  side  in  a  sin- 
gle coffin,  divided  by  a  leaden  com- 
partment. On  the  dissolution  of  the 
monasteries  in  1792,  the  inhabitants 
of  Nogent  transferred  to  their  church 
the  remains  of  the  unhappy  pair.  A 
superb  monument  was  erected  over 
them,  but  in  1794  the  iconoclasts  of 
the  Republic  shattered  it  into  frag- 
ments. Six  years  later,  on  the  festival 
of  St.  Greorge,  1800,  the  bodies  were 


removed  to  Paris,  and  afler  a  term  of 
repose  within  the  Mus6e  des  Monu- 
mens  Fran^ais  they  were  finally  carried 
to  the  cemetery  of  Pere  la  Chaise.  The 
o^n  chapel  which  canopies  the  tomb 
within  which  they  rest  is  formed  from 
the  ruins  of  the  Paraclete,  but  the 
tomb  itself,  seven  centuries  old,  is  the 
original  one  raised  by  Peter  the  Vene- 
rable over  the  body  of  Abelard.  A 
handful  of  dust  and  a  few  bones  are 
all  that  remain  of  those  of  whom  we 
have  here  given  the  record  and  ^the 
chronicle  —  of  the  sblfish  scholar 

AND     THE     UNSEUB'ISH    AMD     DEVOTED 
WOMAN. 

J.D. 


HISTORICAL  CONSEQUENCES  OF  A  MISTAKE  IN  A  NAME. 


WE  have  lately  seen  what  have 
been  the  historical  consequences  flow- 
ing from  a  mistake  respecting  Sir 
Miles  Hobart ;  how  the  pedigree  of  a 
noble  family  has  been  vitiated  with 
important  error,  and  in  what  manner 
genealogists,  anti(|uaries,  and  histo- 
rians have  combined  in  following  out 
and  enlarging  a  blunder  of  a  very 
ordinary  kmd.  We  are  now  about  to 
exhibit  another  example  of  the  growth 
of  historical  error.  Our  present  in- 
stance relates  to  an  English  subject 
and  bishop,  although  the  error  has 
been  developed  by  the  historians  and 
antiquaries  of  France.  We  have  only 
followed  their  lead.  But  we  owe  to 
our  lively  neighbours,  not  merely  the 
mistake  but  its  correction.  M.  Ldon 
Lacabane,  in  an  essay  under  the  title 
which  we  have  i)refixed  to  this  paper,* 
has  j)ointed  out  the  error  and  deve- 
loped its  consequences  with  the  sin- 
gular clearness  and  ingenuity  which 
distinguish  French  literary  research. 
It  is  to  that  paper  that  we  are  indebted 
for  most  of  the  facts  which  we  shall 
quote. 

If  any  reader  will  be  good  enough 
to  turn  to  the  244th  chapter  of  the 
first  book  of  our  popular  English 
translation  of  Froissart  by  Johnes,  he 
will  find  that  he  has  opened  the  history 
in  the  year  1368,  when  the  BlacK 
Prince,  being  at  that  time  governor  of 


Aquitaine,  Grascony,  Poitou,  and  the 
other  dominions  of  England  in  Frances 
had  replaced  Peter  the  Cruel  upon  the 
throne  of  Castile,  and  had  returned 
victorious  to  the  capital  of  Aquitaine, 
leading  Du  Guesclin  as  a  prisoner  in  his 
train.  This  great  glory  was  on  Ui6 
eve  of  an  eclipse.  The  vast  expenses 
of  the  expedition  to  Spain  had  thrown 
the  prince*s  finances  into  a  state  of  the 
most  dangerous  confusion.  With  an 
establishment  <*  so  grand  that  no  prince 
of  Christendom  maintained  greater 
magnificence,*^  and  a  large  military 
force  mostly  composed  of  companies  ii 
free  adventurers,  ever  ready  in  anj 
emergency  to  pay  themselves,  the 
prince*s  exchequer  was  empty.  In 
this  emergency,  a  certain  **  Bishop  of 
Khodez  in  Kouergue,**  who  also  held 
the  office  of  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine, 
is  stated  to  have  urged  the  prince  to 
impose  a  fouage  or  hearth-tax  upon 
all  the  inhabitants  of  the  English  do* 
minions  in  France,  for  a  period  of  fiye 
years.  The  sturdy  natives  of  Gasccmy 
and  Aquitaine,  but  especially  those  of 
the  former,  resisted  the  imposition  of 
any  such  tax.  They  had  been  free  from 
taxes,  they  asserted,  when  under  the 
vassalage  of  France,  and,  so  long  as 
they  could  defend  themselres,  no 
taxes  would  they  pay.  Brave  ^ 
John  Chandos,  one  of  the  prince's 
council,  who  knew  intimately  the  cha« 


*  Published  in  the  Biblioth^ae  de  P^cole  des  Chartes,  voU  ii.  p.  554. 


484  Historical  Consequences  of  a  Mi»take  in  a  Name.      [Nov. 

racter  of  these  daring  people,  earnestly 
advised  the  prince  to  desist  from  his 
meditated  act  of  oppression;  but, 
urged  forward  both  by  his  impolitic 
adviser  the  Bishop  of  Khodez,  and  by 
his  pressing  need  of  money,  the  prince 
|)ersevered,  the  tax  was  levied;  and 
what  was  the  result?  Within  a  few 
months  the  land  was  in  open  insurrec- 
tion, and  by  the  following  spring  the 
English  king  had  lost  half  his  do- 
minions in  France. 

Now  the  question  before  us  is,  Who 
was  that  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine  whose 
imprudent  advice  was  followed  by 
such  fatal  consequences  ? 

What  was  his  name  ? 

Of  what  country  was  he  a  native  ? 

What  had  been  his  previous  life, 
and  what  was  his  subsequent  history  Y 

The  episcopal  city  of  Rodez  or 
Khodez,  the  seat  of  tnis  Chancellor  of 
Aquitaine,  is  situate  in  the  South  of 
France,  about  half  way  between  Bor- 
deaux and  Avignon  andat  no  great  dis- 
tance from  Montauban.  It  is  now  the 
capital  of  the  department  of  Aveyron, 
as  in  the  middle  ages  it  was  that  of 
the  county  of  Kouergue,  and  before 
that  of  a  Celtic  people  called  lluteni. 
It  is  a  city  of  10,000  inhabitants,  who 
manufacture  coarse  woollen  stufls, 
obey  their  bishop,  the  successor,  as  is 
thought,  of  the  Chancellor  of  Aqui- 
taine, and  worship  in  a  cathedral 
whose  lofty  bell-tower  is  seen  far  and 
wide.  Such  a  city  has  of  course  had 
its  historians.  The  earliest  of  them, 
to  a  knowledge  of  whom  we  arc  intro- 
duced by  M.  Lacabane,  was  Antoine 
Bonal,  juge  des  Montagues  of  Kouer- 
gue, who  wrote  the  liistory  of  the 
bishoi)s  of  Khodez  about  the  end  of 
the  seventeenth  century.*  Bonal  duly 
chronicles  the  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine 
as  one  of  the  bishops  of  Khodez.  He 
quotes  the  passage  from  Froissart  to 
which  we  have  alluded,  and  perfects 
the  information  of  that  chronicrler  by 
identifying  the  Prelate-Chancellor  as 
Bertrand  de  Cardaillac,  descended 
from  a  noble  family  of  Querci. 

"  Once  on  the  road  of  discovery,"  re- 
marks M .  Lacabane, "  the  historian  did  not 
Btop.  lie  reconstructed,  so  to  say,  almost 
the  entire  life  of  this  bishop.  According 
to  his  account  the  Prince  of  Wales,  at  the 


time  of  taking  possearion  of  the  Dachy  of 
Aquitaine,  '  having  remarked  Messire  Ber- 
trand de  Cardaillac  as  a  man  of  great 
judgment,  learned  in  all  the  sciencee, 
very  skilful,  and  versed  in  affairs  of  state,* 
appointed  him  his  chancellor.  In  the 
year  1368,  some  time  before  the  imposi- 
tion of  the  tax,  Faidit  d'Aigrefenille, 
bishop  of  Rhodez,  too  good  a  Frenohman 
(as  Bonal  conjectures)  to  submit  to  the 
English  dominion,  resigned  his  bishopric. 
Bertrand  de  Cardaillac  was  his  successor. 
But  the  title  of  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine 
was  a  bad  recommendation  to  the  iuhahitr 
ants  of  Rhodez,  who  declared  themselves 
against  the  tax,  and  had  even  driven  oat 
the  English  garrison.  Bertrand  de  Car- 
daillac, devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales,  endeavoured  to  bring  the 
city  again  under  his  dominion  by  intro- 
ducing into  it  a  considerable  number  of 
English  troops,  whom  he  kept  at  first 
concealed  in  the  episcopal  reaiaence«  Bat 
the  inhabitants,  having  suspected  the  treir 
son,  took  arms,  besieged  the  bishop's 
palace,  and  forced  the  prelate  and  his 
English  friends  to  take  to  flight. 

**  Refused  permission  by  bis  indignant 
flock  to  return  to  the  city  which  he  bad 
designed  to  betray,  '  it  is  very  certain,' 
continues  M.  Bonal,  *  that  he  was,  as  it 
were,  obliged  to  give  up  his  bishopric,  at 
lea&t  the  administration  of  it,  which  he 
did  in  favour  of  his  nephew,  named 
Messire  Jean  de  Cardaillac,  patriarch  of 
Alexandria.  And  this  is  all  we  can  say  of 
this  bishop,  having  found  no  other  records 
or  memoirs  concerning  him,  becaote  he 
was  but  little  in  his  diocese,  but  lived 
almost  always  absent  from  it,  in  the 
retinue  of  the  Prince  of  Wales. 

'*  Bonal  further  explains  why  Jean  de 
Cardaillac  only  took  the  title  of  adminis* 
trator  of  the  bishopric  of  Rhodes.  *  We 
will  say,'  he  continues,  and  not  without 
great  apparent  probability,  that  *  Messire 
Bertrand  de  Cardaillac  having  fidlen  sick 
ot  some  sad  incurable  malady,  on  resign- 
ing the  bishopric  of  Rhodez  to  his  nep^w 
besought  our  holy  father  to  allow  him  to 
retain  the  title  of  bishop,  with  some  share 
of  the  revenues,  as  a  pension  for  his  main- 
tenance, and  to  commit  the  administra- 
tion of  the  bishopric,  cum  fiitara  soooes- 
sione,  to  his  nephew,  who  by  this  means 
would  ever  afterwards  act  as  the  adminis- 
trator of  the  bishopric;  and  in  truth  there 
is  a  common  tradition  in  Rhodes,  handed 
down  from  father  to  son,  which  woald 
agree  exactly  with  what  we  say.  It  is 
said  that  a  long  time  since  there  was  a 
bishop  of  Rhodez  who,  being  afflicted  with 


*  MS.  BibUothf^que  Nationalc,  Nos.  8346-7. 


1851.]     'Historical  Consequences  of  a  Mistake  in  a  Name. 


485 


a  severe  chronic  and  contagious  disease, 
left  the  city  of  Rhodez,  and  retired  to  a  house 
he  had  built  near  a  mill  belonging  to  the 
bishopric,  which  bears  the  name  of  Car- 
daillac,  upon  the  river  Aveyron,  half  a 
quarter  of  a  league  from  the  city.  I  will 
not  be  certain  that  it  was  Messire  Ber- 
trand  de  Cardaillac  to  whom  this  tradition 
alludes,  but  I  can  well  believe  that  it  was 
he  who  built  that  house.' 

**  These  biographical  details,  given  by 
Bonal,  were  implicitly  adopted  by  the 
learned  authors  of  the  *  Gallia  Christiana.'* 
In  their  chronological  series  of  the  bishops 
of  Rhodez,  Bertrand  de  Cardaillac  is  placed 
under  number  zxxix.  between  Faidit 
d'Aigrefeuille  and  Jean  de  Cardaillac, 
patriarch  of  Alexandria.  Yet  more,  they 
have  strengthened  Bonal*8  narrative  with 
two  new  facts.  Bertrand  de  Cardaillac 
belonged,  according  to  their  account,  to 
the  Varaire  branch  of  that  house,  and  his 
existence  as  bishop  of  Rhodez  is  further 
demonstrated  by  letters  of  9th  October, 
1369,  issued  by  him,  forbidding  every 
private  person,  even  a  priest,  to  sit  down 
on  the  seats  of  the  obituary  priests  of 
Villefranche. 

"  The  illustrious  Baluze,  whose  opinion 
1  shall  make  known  hereafter,  had  pro- 
tested against  the  introduction  of  this 
Bertrand  de  Cardaillac  amongst  the  bishops 
of  Rhodez  ;  but,  say  the  wise  men  of  Saint 
Martha,  what  are  all  these  denials  worth 
against  the  very  archives  of  the  bishopric 
of  Rhodez,  cited  by  Bonal  ? 

*'  Various  writers,  who  since  the  pub- 
lication of  the  *  Gallia  Christiana '  have 
treated  of  the  history  of  Rouergue  and 
the  bishops  of  Rhodez,  such  as  the  Abb^ 
du  Tems,t  the  Abb^  Bosc,t  and  the 
Baron  de  Gaujal,§  have  respected  with 
pious  deference  the  decision  of  this  ce- 
lebrated work  with  regard  to  Bertrand 
de  Cardaillac.  Far  from  contradicting, 
they  have  sought  to  strengthen  its  asser- 
tions by  additional  proofs.  The  *  Gallia 
Christiana '  limited  itself  to  designating  the 
branch  of  the  house  of  Cardaillac,  to 
which  bishop  Bertrand  belonged ;  Du 
Terns,  Bosc,  and  M.  de  Gaujal  go  farther, 
and  tell  us  the  names  of  his  father  and 
mother.  He  was  the  son,  according  to 
their  account,  of  Pons  de  Cardaillac,  lord 
of  Varaire  and  Privague,  and  of  Ermen- 
garde  d'Estaing." 

Having  thus  proved  that  Bertrand 
de  Cardaillac  has  taken  his  stand  in 
the  history  of  France  as  Bishop  of 
Rhodez  and  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine, 


that  he  has  been  admitted  into  the 
Gallia  Christiana^  the  great  authority 
upon  these  subjects,  and  is  allowed 
and  established  by  all  the  loc^  histo- 
rians, Mons.  Lacabane  proceeds  to 
show  that  no  such  bishop  could  ever 
have  exbted.  We  cannot  follow  him 
through  his  proofs,  but  they  establish 
conclusively  that  Faidit  d*Aigrefeuille, 
the  acknowledged  predecessor  of  the 
supposed  Bertrand  de  Cardaillac,  held 
the  see  of  Rhodez  until  1371,  several 
years  after  the  bad  advice  as  to  the 
hearth  tax  was  given  to  the  Prince  of 
Wales,  and  the  war  had  followed,  and 
that  Faidit  d*Aigrefeuille  was  suc- 
ceeded immediate^,  not  by  Bertrand, 
but  by  Jean  de  Cardaillac,  patriarch 
of  Alexandria,  leaving  no  room  be- 
tween them  for  the  supposed  Bertrand 
the  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine. 

M.  Lacabane  is  not  satbfied  with 
merely  dispossessing  the  Chancellor  of 
his  see  of  Rhodez,  he  removes  him  al- 
together from  the  family  of  Cardaillac. 

«  You  may  say,"  he  remarks,  *'  how 
can  you  deny  the  existence  of  a  prelate 
when  you  have  told  us  who  were  his  father 
and  mother,  and  in  some  measure  what 
was  his  extraction  ?  The  argument  is  Cur; 
but,  before  entering  upon  it,  I  will  ask 
you  to  consider  this  question  ;  how  could 
it  be  that  Pons  de  CardaiUac,  lord  of  Va- 
raire, and  his  wife  Ermengarde  d*Estaing, 
who  were  married  in  1373,  had  a  son, 
Bertrand  de  Cardaillac,  nominated  Bishop 
of  Rhodez  in  1368? 

'*  The  insurrectionary  movement  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Rhodez  against  their  bishop 
is  not  less  easily  explained.  It  is  only  ne- 
cessary to  return  it  to  its  true  date,  which 
is  1377,  when  Jean  de  Cardaillac,  and  not 
Bertrand,  was  unquestionably  bishop. 

*^  After  having  proved  that  there  was 
no  Bishop  of  Rhodez  named  Bertrand  de 
Cardaillac  in  1368,  what  confidence  can 
we  put  in  the  letters  of  9th  October,  1369, 
said  to  have  proceeded  from  that  prelate, 
and  relating  to  the  fraternity  of  the  Pr^ 
tres  Obituaires  of  Villefranche  ?  The  date 
of  these  letters  has  doubtless  been  mis- 
taken or  inserted :  they  evidently  belong 
to  another  Bishop  Bertrand.  And  we  find 
two  from  whom  they  might  have  pro- 
ceeded, Bertrand  de  Raffin,  Bishop  of 
Rhodez  from  1379  to  1386,  and  Bertrand 
dc  Chalen9on,  who  occupied  the  see  of 
the  same  city  in  1469.    There  would  be 


*  Gall.  Christ  i.  col.  120.  f  Clerg6  de  France,  i.  178. 

X  M  ^moires  pour  servir  a  Thistoire  du  Rouergue,  ii.  236. 
§  Essais  historiques  sur  le  Rouergue,  i.  119,  408,  422. 


486  Historical  Consequences  of  a  Mistake  in  a  Name."     [Nov, 


therefore  a  mistake  of  ten  years  io  the 
first  case,  and  of  a  whole  century  in  the 
second,  in  the  date  of  this  document. 
Tliose  who  have  made  a  careful  study  of 
ancient  paleographical  monuments,  know 
how  easily  such  errors  slip  in,  under  the 
pen  of  an  ignorant  and  unpractised  co- 
pyist. We  must  not  be  surprised,  then,  if 
the  Abb^  de  Grimaldi,  author  of  a  collec- 
tion of  notes  on  the  bishops  of  Rhodcz, 
who  appears  to  have  first  become  ac- 
quainted with  these  letters  of  the  9th  Oc- 
tober, did  not  properly  decipher  the  date, 
if  he  read  1369  instead  of  1379,  or  rather 
1469.  Perhaps  it  may  be  denied  that 
T^ertraiid  de  Raffin  was  Bishop  of  Elhodez 
in  1379.  The  authors  of  the  *  Gallia 
Christiana '  say  indeed  that  he  was  raised 
to  the  episcopal  dignity  in  1381.  But 
that  is  another  error  of  those  learned  men; 
the  Abb^>  Bosc  has  stated,  that  *  many 
records  in  the  archives  of  the  bishopric 
prove  thrit  Bertrand  de  Raffin  was  Bishop 
of  Rhodez  in  1379,'  and  the  fact  asserted 
by  Bosc  is  positively  confirmed  by  an 
original  document  preserved  among  the 
manuscripts  of  the  Royal  Library,  which 
commences  thus  :  '  In  nomine  Domini, 
amen  :  anno  ab  incarnatione  cjusdem  mil- 
Icsimo  trccentcsimo  septuagesimo  nono  et 
die  vicesima  scptima  mensis  januarii,  reve- 
rendo  patre  in  Christo  et  domino  Ber- 
trandu,  Dei  gratia,  cpiscopo  Ruthenensi, 
prcsidentc.     Noverint  universi,  etc.* " 

The  question  seems  thus  well  settled 
so  fjir  as  relates  to  IJertraud  de  Car- 
daillac.  It  is  clear  that  there  was  no 
such  bishop  of  Uhodez  in  13(18,  nor 
any  such  person.  The  incidents  re- 
lated of  him  fall  to  the  ground,  and 
all  the  pretty  tales  invented  by  lional 
and  adopte<l  into  the  Gallia  Christiana 
disappear  entirely. 

Are  we  then  to  believe  that  Froissart 
made  a  mistake  in  the  designation  of 
the  Chancellor's  bishopric  ?  Not  at 
all.  Froissart  does  not  term  the  Chan- 
cellor "  bishop  of  Uhodez  in  Kouer- 
gue."    In  all  the  manuscripts  of  Frois- 


sart the  bishopric  stands  not  as  that 
of  **  Rhodez  "  but  of  "  Bades ;  -  "  leues- 
que  de  Bades  son  Chancellier**  is  the 
reading  of  MS.  Reg.  D.  III.  p.  230  (the 
best  MS.  of  the  first  book  of  Froissart 
in  the  British  Museum),  '^  leuesque  de 
Bades  **  and  **  de  Bodas  "  in  Arundel 
MS.  67.*  WHio  then  took  upon  him 
to  print  it  otherwise?  Denys  Sau- 
vage,  who  edite<l  an  edition  of  Frois- 
sart published  at  Paris  in  1559.  Not 
understanding  the  word  ^'  Bodes,**  and 
thinking  that  the  bishop  of  ^^  Khodcz  ** 
in  Aquitainc  was  likely  to  be  the 
Chancellor  of  Aquitaine,  be  dreamt 
that  "  Bades  "  might  be  a  mistake  for 
*^  Khodez,"  and  raslily  altered  it.  His 
ignorant  substitution  has  descended 
uncorrected  from  edition  to  edition, 
and  "  Uhodez "  instead  of  "  Bades " 
stands  in  a  multitude  of  editions  as  the 
text  of  Froissart  down  to  this  very 
day. 

And  what  place,  it  will  be  asked, 
is  meant  by  "  Bades  ?  "—What,  but 
"  Bath,"  our  own  beautiful  city  of 
Bath.  This  Chancellor  of  Aquitaine, 
whose  bad  advice  to  level  illegal  taxes 
set  the  country  in  a  flame,  was  a  Bishop 
of  Bath  and  Wells  :  an  Englishman — 
to  his  shame  be  it  told ;  no  Bertrand 
or  Faidit,  but  plain  ^*  John,"  and 
neither  d'Aigrefeuille  nor  de  Cardail* 
lac,  but  "  Hare  well."  Of  his  early 
history  nothing  is  known.  In  1363 
he  is  mentioned  as  John  de  Harewcll, 
Ar(;hdeacon  of  Worcester  (if  the  re- 
cord be  printed  correctly)  and  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Prince  of  A([uitaino  and 
AVales.t  In  I.3G()  we  find  him  de- 
scribed as  "  that  honourable  and  mag- 
nificent gentleman  "  John  de  Harcwell 
Archdeacon  of  Berks  in  the  cathedral 
church  of  Salisbury,  and  Chancellor 
of  Aijuitaine.  In  the  latter  character 
he  was  present,  on  tlie  23rd  Septem- 
ber, I3GG,  at  the  execution  of  certain 


*  The  reading  of  the  MSS.  and  editions  we  have  consulted  may  be  stated  as  follows  i 
Bades,  MS.  Reg.  D.  III.  p.  230. 
Bades  and  Budas,  Arundel  MS.  G7»  fo.  278.  b. 
Bades,  Paris,  fol.  1518,  fol.  cxcv.  h. 

Bades,  Lord  Bemcrs*  translation,  Pynson,  IT/JS,  fol.  i.  cxliii.  b. 
Ilr)d<ii8  en  llouergue,  Lyons,  fol.  1559,  cd.  Denys  Sauvage,  i.  334. 
Khodcz  in  llouergue,  Johnes's  translation,  Hafod.  1403. 
Bades,  but  with  a  note  altering  it  into  Rhodez,  Lord  Bemers*  translatioDp  London. 

•Ito.  1S12. 
Rhodez  in  Roucrguc,  Johnes's  translation,  Lond.  4to.  1839,  i.  383. 
Tlie  recent  French  edition,  edited  by  Buchon,  has  **  Bathe,"  which  is  not  justified 
bv  any  MS.     Barnes  terms  it  Rodez  in  his  History  of  Kdward  III.  p.  723. 
't   Fued.  iii.  |»t.  2,  p.  G88,  N.  E. 


1851.] 


Hartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire. 


487 


articles  between  Peter  the  Cruel, 
Charles  of  Navarre,  and  the  Black 
Prince  (Feed.  iii.  pt.  2,  p.  801,  N.  E.) 
On  15th  December,  1366,  he  was 
appointed  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 
and  on  the  7th  March  following  was 
consecrated  to  his  bishopric  at  Bor- 
deaux in  the  collegiate  church  of 
St.  Severin,  by  PIclias  de  Salignac,  the 
archbishop  of  that  see.*  He  was  in- 
vested (by  special  favour)  in  the  tempo- 
ralities of  his  see  from  the  29th  April 
preceding,  being  the  day  of  the  trans- 
lation of  his  predecessor;!  and  as  a 
further  favour  he  was  enabled,  under 
a  commission  dated  the  28th  Novem- 
ber, 42nd  Edw.  III.  a.  d.  1368,  to 
take  the  necessary  oaths  on  the  resti- 
tution of  the  temporalities  of  his 
see  before  the  Prince  of  Wales :  he 
is  described  in  that  commission  as 
"  John  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells, 
Chancellor  of  the  Prince  of  Wales  in  the 
parts  of  Aquitaine." J  That  this  was 
Froissart*s  bishop  of  Bades  in  1368, 
cannot  be  doubted.  Of  his  future  his- 
tory but  little  is  known.  His  bad  ad- 
vice probably  stopped  his  promotion. 
Retirmg  from  court,  he  may  have  lived 
at  Wells,  doing  the  proper  work  of  a 
bishop,  until  1386.  His  will  was  dated 
on  the  2JHh  June,  1386,  and  was  proved 
in  the  Prerogative  Court  of  Canter- 
bury on  the  20tli  August  following. 


To  make  amends  for  his  poor  states- 
manship, he  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of 
having  been  a  considerable  benefactor 
to  his  noble  cathedral.  He  contributed 
the  third  penny  of  his  revenue  towards 
the  building  of  the  south-west  tower  ; 
he  paid  100  marks  for  glazing  the  west 
window ;  he  gave  two  great  bells,  and  a 
missal  worth  20/.,  besides  certain  va- 
luable ecclesiastical  vestments.  He  lies 
interred  at  Wells  before  what  was  the 
altar  of  St.  Calixtus,  "  where  we  see," 
remarked  bishop  Godwin,  writing  in 
1615,  "a  tombe  of  alabaster,  that 
seemeth  to  have  been  a  sumptuous 
piece  of  work,  but  is  now  much  de- 
faced."§ 

It  is  quite  obvious  that  this  was  the 
Bishop  of  Bades  and  the  Chancellor 
of  Aquitaine  to  whom  Froissart  al- 
ludes. The  see  of  Rhodez  and  the 
noble  family  of  De  Cardaillac  lose  a 
bishop  by  tne  investigations  of  Mons. 
Lacabane ;  but  truth,  which  is  of  in- 
finitely greater  moment,  gains  by 
them,  and  the  example  of  the  con- 
fusion which  has  ensued  stands  conspi- 
cuous before  all  editors  as  a  proof 
and  warning  of  the  danger  of  tampering 
with  an  author*s  text,  and  urges  home 
upon  historical  inquirers  the  fatal  con- 
sequences of  a  mistake — even  in  a 
name. 


HARTWELL  HOUSE,  BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 

{With  Four  Plates,) 

i^dcs  Hnrtwellianae,  or  Notices  of  the  Manor  and  Mansion  of  Hartwell. 

By  Captain  W.  H.  Smyth,  R.N.,  K.S.F.,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  &c. 

Printed  for  Private  Circulation,  1851.     4to. 


AMONG  the  many  features  of  their 
country  of  which  Englishmen  have 
reason  to  be  proud,  tiiere  are  none 
upon  which  they  can  look  with  greater 
satisfaction  than  the  mansions  of  her 
ancient  families.  Though  not  exempt, 
any  more  than  the  otiier  works  of 
man,  from  decay  and  desolation,  the 
various  casualties  of  time,  or  the  inno- 
vations of  false  taste,  yet  so  many  of 
them  stand  their  ground,  century  atler 
century,  in  their  sober  grandeur,  sur- 


rounded by  their  stately  woods,  and 
looking  down  upon  their  verdant  lawns 
and  tributary  plains,  continuously 
maintained  and  cherished  by  the  he- 
reditary attachment  of  successive  ge- 
nerations, that  it  is  impossible  to  re- 
gard them  without  a  sentiment  of 
beauty,  of  permanence,  and  of  peace. 

And  have  not  such  spots  their  his- 
tories? Undoubtedly,  all  of  them 
have  one — more  or  less  interesting. 
Nearly   all,   at  some  period  of  their 


*  Anglia  Sacra,  i.  5G9. 

:  Foed.  iii.  pt.  2,  p.  852,  N.  E. 


t  Feed.  iii.  part  2,  p.  843,  N.  E. 

§  Catalogue  of  Kishops,  1615,  4to.  p.  372. 


488 


Hartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire, 


[Nov. 


duration,  have  been  concerned  more 
or  less  with  the  statesmen  and  poli- 
ticians of  former  days.  They  nave 
sometimes  themselves  been  the  scenes 
of  memorable  events,  or  of  meetings 
pregnant  with  the  issues  of  future 
action.  At  some  the  pageantry  of 
the  Virgin  Queen  is  not  yet  forgotten : 
others  ^ve  refuge  to  an  unfortunate 
monarch  in  hid  troubles  and  his  flight. 
One,  like  Wardour,  may  be  celebrated 
for  the  persevering  defence  of  an 
heroic  mistress.  Another  may  have 
arisen  like  a  phcenix  from  the  fires  of 
the  Roundhead  or  the  Cavalier.  But 
to  each  and  all  there  would  be  found 
to  belong  more  than  one  interesting 
incident,  if  their  history,  and  that  of 
their  former  denizens,  were  duly  in- 
vestigated. We  have  now  to  intro- 
duce to  our  readers  a  mansion  which 
a  century  ago  was  deeply  concerned 
in  the  struggles  and  intrigues  of  the 
political  arena;*  and  which  at  the 
commencement  of  the  present  century 
was  the  residence  for  several  years  of 
some  of  the  most  illustrious  of  the 
many  exiles  which  have  from  ase  to 
age  taken  refuge  in  our  sea-girt  isle. 

Hartwell  House  stands  on  a  gentle 
slope  near  the  high  road  from  Aylesbury 
to  Oxford,  from  which,  however,  the 
venerable  mansion  is  entirely  screened 
by  the  stately  trees  of  the  park. 
Notwithstanding  many  alterations  and 
additions  which  it  has  undergone  at 
various  times,  it  still  retains  a  large 
portion  of  its  original  structure,  erected 
by  Sir  Thomas  Lee,  who  acquired  the 
estate  deinre  iixoris  in  1570,  and  who 
employecl  in  its  construction  the  best 
materials  and  the  best  workmanship 
at  his  command.  The  length  of  the 
main  building  is  160  feet;  it  measures 
seventy  in  depth ;  and  the  height,  to 
the  parapet,  is  45  feet. 

*'  From  these  figares  (remarks  Captain 
Smyth)  it  will  be  inferred  that  Hartwell 
house  is  not  of  a  commanding  altitude, 
and  it  must  be  admitted  that  docking  the 
ornamental  gahles,  when  Sir  William  Lee's 
alterations  Wfre  made  (in  the  last  century), 
was  hardly  admissible ;  but,  approaching 
by  the  north,  the  building  derives  from 
extent  of  front  a  dignity  which  compen- 


sates for  the  disproportioiiate  lowncH  of 
the  elevation. 

'*  The  mansion  has  its  fear  foces  placed 
to  the  cardinal  points  of  the  compaia, 
being  directed  as  exactly  aa  coald  be  ex- 
pected where  no  magnetic  variation  wai 
allowed  for  in  laying  out  the  foandations : 
the  west-end  of  the  house  is  flanked  by  « 
semi-circular  court-yard,  the  wall  of  which 
bounds  the  outer  offices.  There  is  much 
variety  in  these  faces ;  for  whUe  the  south 
and  east  fronts  are  light,  airy,  and  recent, 
the  north  side  presents  large  windowa 
with  appropriate  mullions  and  transoms^ 
and  other  peculiarities  typifying  the  Elxsa« 
bethan  era ;  and  the  western  end,  with  ita 
roughish  ashlar  work,  looks  itiil  older. 

'*  The  whole  edifice  is  subitantially 
built  of  white  free-stone ;  and  an  examina- 
tion proves  that  neither  expense  nor  paina 
have  been  spared  iu  ensuring  durability. 
It  is,  indeed,  as  stout  as  a  fortress.  The 
cellars  are  like  garrison  bomb-proofs ;  and 
as  to  the  walls,  I  well  remember  the  diffi- 
culty we  experienced  in  catting  through 
the  basement  under  one  of  the  library 
windows,  in  order  to  make  a  doorway  into 
the  observatory ;  in  doing  which  we  encoan- 
tered  a  stout  iron  bar  of  connection,  which 
had  become  so  thoroughly  case-hardened 
as  to  resist  our  attempts  for  some  time. 

'^  The  east  and  south  faqades  have  each 
a  columned  portico;  but  the  ntnal  en- 
trance is  by  a  low  porch  on  the  north, 
which  is,  as  of  old,  furnished  with  two 
sediles,  or  stout  bench  fixtures.  Having 
passed  this  vestibulum — so  to  speak — a 
fine  manorial  hall  is  enrered,  answering  in 
a  modified  degree  to  the  inclosed  portico, 
cavsedium,  or  atrium  of  Roman  villaa  ; 
and  from  thence,  of  course,  the  whole 
mansion  is  open  and  accessible.  The  older 
division  of  it  is  laid  ont  in  halls  and  officea 
on  the  ground-floor,  with  the  mnnimeot 
room  and  a  gallery  or  museum  above. 
The  modernized  portion  contains  the  gene- 
ral apartments,  the  library,  stndy,  and 
chapel  below,  with  a  range  of  capactooa 
sleeping  rooms  over  them.  The  whole  ia 
surmounted  with  a  story  of  attics,  most  of 
which  are  commodious,  without  preten- 
sions to  architectural  elegance." 

As  we  have  hereafter  to  require  our 
readers*  credence  to  the  statement  that 
this  mansion  was  occupied  forty  yeani 
ago  by  a  family  of  about  150  indi- 
viduals, we  should  be  glad  to  afford 
them  a  more  particular  account  of  its 
arrangements ;  but  that  it  ia  scurcelj 


*  The  Lees  of  Hartwell  were  among  the  most  confidential  advisers  of  Frederick 
Prince  of  Wales ;  whose  equestrian  statue  was  erected  near  the  house.     Some  carious 
spt-cimens  of  Frederick's  epistolary  composition  are  in  the  volume  before  as,  to  wiiidi 
we  may  direct  further  attention  at  another  time. 
5 


1851.] 


Hartwell  Housej  Buckinghamshire, 


489 


in  our  power  to  do  eflfectually  with- 
out the  aid  of  the  ground-plan;  of 
which,  however,  we  will  endeavour  to 
convey  some  general  idea. 

The  three  principal  rooms  occupy 
the  range  of  the  east  front :  the  dining- 
room  in  the  centre,  having  a  drawing- 
room  to  the  north,  and  a  library  to  the 
south.  Each  of  the  two  latter  have 
bays  which  were  originally  correspond- 
ent on  the  exterior,  but  the  Observa- 
tory is  now  attached  to  the  corner  of 
the  library,  and  is  entered  from  that 
bay.  The  library  has  also  a  second 
bay,  forming  part  of  the  south  front, 
and  corresponding  to  another  (occu- 
pied by  the  housekeeper's  rooms)  at 
the  western  extremity  of  that  fafade. 
On  the  south  side  of  the  mansion  also 
(within  its  main  area)  is  an  old  dis- 
mantled chapel.  Of  the  other  apart- 
ments, though  numerous,  we  need 
only  say,  as  respecting  the  more  im- 
portant features,  that  m  the  centre  of 
the  whole  is  an  elegant  semi-circular 
^Westibule**  as  it  is  called,  but  which, 
**  being  in  the  very  middle  of  the 
house,  and  illuminated  only  by  a  large 
skylight,  answers  rather  to  the  mescndon 
of  the  Greeks ;"  the  great  staircase  is 
immediately  behind  the  dining-room ; 
and  the  hall,  already  mentioned  as  the 
principal  feature  of  the  north  front, 
communicates  with  the  drawing-room 
by  a  square  breakfast  or  billiard  room, 
which  IS  lighted  by  a  high  mullioned 
window  ten  feet  wide. 

'*  The  great  Hall  ia  47  feet  in  length  by 
20  in  br^th,  and  18  in  height.  Its  sides 
are  adorned  with  stucco  cornices,  dividing 
the  walls  into  suitable  panels,  each  sur- 
mouDted  by  a  bird,  supporting  a  festoon 
of  flowers  with  his  beak.  On  the  eastern 
side  is  a  bust  of  the  celebrated  John 
Hampden  on  an  appropriate  bracket; 
which  was  placed  there  by  Dr.  Lee,  on 
the  occasion  of  a  monument  being  erected 
Id  Cbalfont  field  to  bis  memory  on  the 
spot  where  he  fell,  on  the  18th  of  Jane, 
1843.  The  ceiling  is  elaborately  deco- 
rated, having  in  the  centre  a  large  and 
well-executed  alto-relievo,  representing  an 
ox-beaded  river  deity,  reclined  as  usoal  on 
an  urn,  and  holding  a  rudder :  in  front  of 
him  is  a  draped  female,  who  —  seated 
amidst  architectural  remains,  with  a  trum- 
pet by  her  side— is  using  a  stylus  upon 
her  tablet.  The  whole  of  this  is  accu- 
rately represented  in  the  head -piece  to  the 
quarto  edition  of  Addison's  Works  (vol.  ii. 
edit.  1721),  drawn  by  Sir  James  Thornhill 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


and  engraved  by  George  Gucht.  It  is  be- 
lieved to  be  an  allegorical  representation 
of  Genius  writing  history  among  the  ruins 
of  Italy — "  Tauriformis  volvitur  Auiidus." 
An  enormous  bay-window  gives  ample 
light  to  this  excellent  specimen  of  tran- 
sition architecture,  and  shows  to  great  ad- 
vantage the  large  dimensions  of  a  black 
marble  mantelpiece,  about  seven  feet 
square,  supported  by  two  figures  with 
human  busts,  bearded,  but  ending  below 
as  termini.  The  compartment  over  it 
presents,  in  high  relief,  an  allegorical  com- 
position of  some  pretension  to  skill  in  de- 
sign, and  supposed  to  represent  Horace 
viewing  the  pleasures  of  town  and  country.** 

The  drawing-room,  dining-room,  and 
library  are  each  adorned  with  magni- 
ficent chimney  -  pieces,  carved  with 
classic  stories,  the  mysterious  import 
of  which  forms  a  perpetual  riddle  for 
the  vacant  hour ;  and  in  the  last-men- 
tioned room  is  a  more  admirable  ob- 
ject, a  whole-length  portrait  of  Lady 
Elizabeth  Lee — the  daughter  of  Simon 
Earl  Harcourt— painted  by  Sir  Joshua 
Reynolds.  A  large  number  of  family 
portraits  and  other  pictures  clothe  the 
wallsofall  the  principal  rooms.  Among 
these  are  the  Old  Man*s  Head  and  the 
Old  Woman*s  Head  by  Rembrandt; 
the  head  of  a  priest  by  Van  Dyck ;  a 
full-length  of  William  Marquess  of 
Newcastle,  and  another  whole-length 
of  Sir  John  Suckling  the  poet,  both 
bv  the  same  master;  several  family 
pictures  by  Lely,  Kneller,  Ramsay, 
and  Hudson,  and  five  works  of  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds;  with  a  sprinkling 
of  the  Dutch  and  Italian  masters. 

'*  The  Great  Staircase  is  a  stately  oaken 
structure,  of  easy  ascent  and  appropriate 
breadth.  The  rails  consist  of  small  ter- 
minal figures,  the  upper  half  of  which 
represent  bearded  men  with  their  arms 
folded,  as  if  to  sustain  the  weight  supei^ 
posed  by  the  banister  and  its  8emi-ba(^ 
talion  of  heroes  and  heroines.  Twenty- 
four  biblical,  heathen,  and  historical  per- 
soDiges,  averaging  thirty-two  inches  in 
height,  rather  rudely  cot  in  oak,  stand  on 
pedestals  rising  above  the  hand-rail,  placed 
from  five  to  six  feet  asunder,  without 
entering  into  minutiae,  eight  armed  war- 
riors guard  the  first  flight  of  steps,  mostly 
with  drawn  swords  and  charged  shields, 
the  rest  wielding  rods  of  office  aloft.  The 
fourth  figure  on  the  left  has  a  two-headed 
spread-eagle  on  his  shield ;  and  the  op- 
posite corner  of  the  landing-place  is  filled 
by  a  plumed  warrior,  holding  his  sword  on 
high,  while  in  a  line  with  him  on  the  right 

3R 


400 


Ilnrtwell  House,  Buckinghamshire, 


[NOY. 


is  a  bellicose  female  of  the  embonpoint 
race.  Six  steps  above  lier  is  a  marshal, 
who,  like  the  rest  of  the  heroes,  is  in  ar- 
mour, with  the  Roman  straps  (lorlctf) 
pendant  from  the  wai»t  half  way  to  the 
knees.  In  the  comer  of  this  knding-place 
is  a  peiiceablc  damsel,  but  no  beauty  :  it 
is  probable,  however,  that  the  artist  could 
not  command  elegance.  In  front  of  this 
lady  stand  those  represented  in  the  Plate, 
which  were  drawn  with  no  other  cause  for 
selection,  than  merely  to  give  an  idea  of 
the  whole.  The  upper  landing-place  pre- 
■ents  a  curious  mixture,  as,  among  other 
figures,  we  have  Samson  with  a  jaw-bone ; 
Hercules  in  the  lion's  skin,  with  his 
massy  club  ;  u  gallant  crusader  ;  a  placid 
woman;  and  a  fury  with  distorted  fea- 
tures, gnashing  her  teeth  and  grasping  a 
snake.  It  is  known  that,  in  consequence 
of  some  ol)jection  being  made  to  them  by 
the  late  Uueen  of  France,  these  statues 
were  removed  from  the  staircase  during 
the  royal  occupation  of  the  house;  and, 
when  replaced,  they  were  probably  re- 
stored in  the  present  promiscuous  manner 
by  accident.*' 

Such  fifnircs  were  favourite  ciubcl- 
lisbinuuts  of  staircases  in  the  sovcn- 
tocnth  century.  AVc  noticed  one  so 
ornamented  at  Cromwell  House,  High- 
gate,  in  our  June  Magazine,  p.  ()Si\ ; 
and  we  also  remember  another  in  the 
old  mansion  at  IMerkyate  Cell  in  Hert- 
fordshire, which  wns  described  in  our 
Magazine  for  November,  1 84<J.  If  the 
staircase  at  ILirtwell  is  the  original 
one,  possibly  the  statuettes  were  addi- 
tional ;  or  the  whole  may  be  of  Viilher 
later  date  than  the  house  itself. 

There  is  a  stout  oM  staircase  at  the 
other  end  of  the  mansion  which  leads 
more  immediately  to  the  highly  orna- 
mented bower  or  boudoir,  now  used 
as  a  Muniment- lloom,  which  is  repre- 
sented in  another  of  the  accompany- 
ing Plates.  This  apartment  is  situ- 
ated at  the  north-west  angle  of  the 
mansion  over  the  kitchen  (a  mezza- 
nine chamber  intervening;)  and  the 
range  of  li^jhts  seen  in  the  print 
form  a  portion  of  the  bay-window 
shown  in  the  exterior  view.  The  de- 
corations of  this  apartment  form  alto- 
gether a  very  characteristic  example 
of  the  Elizabethan  style.  During  the 
residence  of  the  royal  family  of  France 
at  Hartwell,  whilst  every  |>art  and 
parcel  of  the  mansion  was  thickly  oc- 
cupied, this  anti(iuate<l  apartment  was 
the  allotte<l  residence  of  the  Count 
and  Countess  de  Damas,  the  faithful 


attendants  of  the  Duke  and  Duchess 
d'Angoulemc;  with  whose  quarters 
there  was  a  very  easy  communication. 
A  closet  on  the  letl  side  of  the  lobby 
leailing  into  the  room,  was  occupied 
by  the  Duchess  dc  Sercnt,  the  aged 
mother  of  the  Countesses  de  Narbonne 
and  de  Damas. 

Louis  the  Eighteenth,  under  the 
title  of  Count  dc Xillc,  landed  at  Tar- 
mouth,  in  Oct.  I807,fi*om  the  Swedish 
frigate  Freya.  The  companions  of 
liis  exile  were  the  Dukes  dc  Berri, 
d'Angouleme,  and  Gramuiont ;  Counts 
d^Avaray  and  de  lilacas  (afterwards 
Dukes);  Counts  Etiennc  de  Dumss 
and  Nantouillct;  Chcv.  de  Rivi^, 
the  Abbes  Fleuricu  and  Comiur,  and 
M^I.  Perronct,  Estelle,  &c.  The 
government  had  prepared  Holjrood 
ralacc  for  his  reception ;  but  when  the 
Freya  anchored  in  Yarmouth  roads, 
Louis,  learning  the  residence  which 
was  destined  for  him,  declined  going 
there.  It  was  not,  he  said,  an  asylum 
that  he  came  to  seek ;  he  had  a  safe 
one  in  llussia,  where  he  had  left  the 
(2ueen  and  Madame  lloyale  his  niece* 
He  declared  that  he  would  rather  re- 
turn to  Kussia  than  go  to  Scotland, 
or  be  treated  otherwise  than  as  a 
sovei*eign  who  came  to  claim  the  aid 
of  Great  J  Britain,  llic  English  minis- 
ters were  not  at  that  time  disposed 
to  support  the  King*8  views.  How- 
ever, af\er  his  formal  refusal  to  go  to 
Leitli,  his  landing  at  Yarmouth  was 
not  opposed,  and  from  thence  he  pro- 
ceeded to  Crosfield  in  Essex,  where  he 
became  a  visitor  of  the  Marquess  of 
Buckingham.  From  this  circumstanoe 
a  report  obtained,  and  has  stubbornly 
maintained  its  ground  in  certain  quar- 
ters, that  the  Slarqiiess  of  Ducking- 
ham  lent  Hartwcll  House  to  the  exiles. 
But  neither  the  manjucss,  nor  any  of 
his  family,  ever  had  any  kind  of  pos- 
session of  either  the  estate  or  the  house 
of  ILirtwell.  lie  was  only  the  medium 
of  hiring  the  premises  from  Sir  George 
Lee. 

**  When  llartwell  had  been  detennined 
on  ns  an  appropriate  residence  for  the 
strangers,  the  remainder  of  a  lease  of  the 
mansion,  granted  by  Sir  WillUm  Lee 
some  few  years  before  to  Sir  William 
Young,  who  had  removed  to  the  West 
Indies,  was  proposed  to  be  conTeyed  to 
the  Marquess  of  Uuckiogham  and  Louis 
the  Eighteenth.    But  this  not  beiag  ac- 


1851.] 


Hartwell  House^  Buckinghaimkire. 


491 


ceded  to  on  the  part  of  Sir  George  Lee, 
who  had  then  succeeded  to  the  estate,  it 
was  subsequently  let  to  the  King  at  an 
annual  rent  of  500/. 

"  In  August  1808,  the  Queen,  as 
Comtesse  de  Lille,  arrived  at  Harwich 
from  Russia,  with  a  suite  of  seventy  per- 
sons. These,  as  well  as  the  King's  party, 
together  with  their  numerous  attendants 
and  servants,  were  all  quartered  on  the 
Hartwell  premises,  where  they  were  oc- 
casionally visited  by  the  other  French 
princes  and  emigrant  nobles.  The  resi- 
dents in  the  house  and  grounds  generally 
amounted  to  about  one  hundred  and  forty 
in  number  ;  but  they  sometimes  exceeded 
two  hundred.  So  numerous  a  party  re- 
quired such  extensive  accommodation, 
that  the  halls,  gallery,  and  larger  apart- 
ments were  ingeniously  divided  and  sub- 
divided into  suites  of  rooms  and  closets, — 
in  some  instances  to  the  great  disorder 
and  confusion  of  the  mansion.  Every 
outhouse,  and  each  of  the  ornamental 
buildings  in  the  park  that  could  be  ren- 
dered capable  of  decent  shelter,  were 
densely  occupied ;  and  it  was  curious  to 
see  how  the  second  and  third  class  stowed 
themselves  away  in  the  attics  of  the  house, 
converting  one  room  into  several  by  an 
adaptation  of  light  partitions,  all  of  which 
were  remaining  at  my  first  visit  to  Hart- 
well. On  the  ledges  and  in  the  bows  of 
the  roof,  they  formed  gardens  which  were 
stocked  with  plants,  shrubs,  and  flowers, 
in  boxes  containing  mould  to  the  depth 
of  eighteen  or  twenty  inches ;  and  they 
moreover  kept  fowls  and  pigeons  there,  so 
that  the  superstructure  was  thus  loaded 
with  many  extra  tons  of  weight.  But  all 
was  well-conducted  and  cheerful,  through- 
out a  residence  of  six  or  seven  years  ; 
and  in  the  evenings  there  was  much  mirth, 
music,  and  dancing  kept  up  at  the  cottages 
around. 

"  It  must,  however,  be  confessed,  that 
in  effecting  the  transformations  alluded 
to,  no  deference  seems  to  have  been  paid 
either  to  the  feelings  or  the  interests  of 
the  worthy  proprietor  of  the  mansion. 
Small  windows  were  pierced  through  the 
walls,  fixtures  needlessly  unfixed,  and  the 
ornamental  balustrades  of  the  parapet  re- 
moved in  those  parts  where  they  inter- 
fered with  the  Adonis  gardens,  or  with 
the  prospect.  The  whole-length  portrait 
of  Lady  Elizabeth  Lee,  the  mother  of 
their  friendly  landlord,  painted  by  Sir 
Joshua  Reynolds,  has  been  already  men- 
tioned as  adorning  the  library ;  and  so 
little  did  there  appear  among  the  occu- 
pants either  of  respect  for  the  arts,  or  of 
homage  to  the  sex,  as  regarded  this  ad- 
mirably-executed likeness  of  a  beautiful 
female,  that  all  the  time  the  royal  family 


occupied  the  house,  a  French  mirror  of 
extraordinary  magnitude  was  placed  be- 
fore the  picture,  so  as  completely  to  ex- 
clude it  from  view.  Sir  George  Lee,  who 
was  in  every  respect  one  of  the  liest  of 
men,  bore  all  these  unpleasant  incidents 
with  amiable  philosophy.  When  led  to 
refer  to  them,  some  time  after  the  de- 
parture of  his  tenants,  he  observed  with 
a  smile — *■  Well,  still  I  ought  to  be  satis- 
fied with  the  remuneration  which  the 
British  Government  awarded.' 

*'  Here  King  Louis  led  so  retired  a 
life,  that  little  was  known  of  him  beyond 
the  limits  of  the  mansion.  Whenever  he 
met  any  persons  in  the  grounds,  he  always 
returned  their  salute  by  taking  off  his  hat. 
and  he  would  often  hold  a  li^t  conversa- 
tion in  tolerably  good  English :  and  to 
one  gentleman  he  pointed  out,  with  much 
pleasantry,  that  each  side  of  the  great 
door-way  of  Hartwell  House  bore  a  fleur- 
de-lis  in  the  old  carving,  as  if  in  anticipa- 
tion of  his  coming.  The  style  in  which 
he  lived  was  unostentatious,  and  very 
suitable  to  the  rank  he  assumed  of  Count. 
His  Majesty,  family,  and  suite,  about 
twenty-five  in  number,  generally  dined 
together  in  the  large  dining-room ;  and 
once  in  about  three  weeks,  the  inhabitant! 
of  the  adjacent  parts  were  allowed  to  walk 
round  the  table  during  the  repast,  enter- 
ing at  one  door  and  retiring  by  anotberi 
in  conformity  with  the  custom  of  the  old 
French  Court.  The  regular  drawing- 
room  being  occupied  as  an  apartment  for 
sleeping  and  sitting  in,  by  the  Prince  and 
Princess  de  Conde  on  their  visits,  tiie 
library  was  used  as  its  substitute,  with 
the  King's  sofa  raised  on  a  little  dais,  or 
eminence,  and  here  he  used  to  see  com* 
pany  and  hold  small  levies ;  but  his  Ma- 
jesty's own  rooms  were  the  study  and  its 
adjoining  strong  closet — next  the  portioo 
of  the  southern  front. 

*'  Wlien  Louis  was  troubled  with  th« 
gout,  mass  was  celebrated  in  the  diidng^ 
room,  the  altar  being  placed  at  the  eatt 
end ;  and  here  occurred  one  of  thegraveit 
incidents  in  his  eventful  life.  On  Ladydaj 
—25th  March  1814— tiie  royal  family 
were  at  prayers,  and  Madame  Gonet,  aa 
English  lady  married  to  one  of  the  royal 
suite,  was  seated  near  the  middle  window, 
which  commands  a  view  of  the  road  lead* 
ing  from  the  lodge.  On  a  sudden  she 
perceived  two  post-chaises,  each  drawn  by 
four  horses,  rapidly  approaching  the  home, 
with  white  flags  displayed,  a  sight  which 
provoked  an  exclamation  from  her  in 
spite  of  the  general  solemnity  of  the  room* 
The  carriages  contained  certain  Depvtiei 
from  Bonrdeaux,  who  brought  intelli* 
gence  that  the  Due  d'Angonl^me  had 
entered  that  city  with  Marshal  Beresford'k 


492 


Uartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire. 


[Nov. 


division  of  the  English  armji  which  had 
been  received  with  enthusiasm ;  that  the 
white  cockade  was  displayed  ;  and  that 
Louis  the  Eighteenth  was  proclaimed. 
Hardly  was  the  excitement  occasioned  by 
these  most  joyous  tidings  moderated,  ere 
Captain  Slaughter,  of  the  Royal  Navy, 
conducted  another  party  of  Deputies  to 
Uartwell,  whom  he  had  received  off  Dun- 
kirk into  the  Archer  sloop-of-war,  charged 
to  solicit  the  exile  to  return  and  take  pos- 
session of  his  throne  and  kingdom.  These 
gentlemen  were  ushered  into  the  library, 
and  the  King  there  signed  the  celebrated 
document  said  to  have  been  suggested  by 
the  supple  Talleyrand,  stating  that  he  ac- 
cepted and  would  observe  the  Constitu- 
tion of  France.  The  Rev.  Mr.  King,  who 
happened  to  be  present  at  the  ceremony, 
preserved  the  pen  with  which  the  signature 
was  written,  and  has  since  placed  it 
among  the  memorabilia  in  Dr.  Lee's  Mu- 
seum, where  it  now  remains. 

"  The  apartments  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  Queen  were  those  immediately 
over  the  library,  and  are  notable  for  aspect, 
convenience,  and  command  of  view.  Her 
Majesty  died  in  the  large  room  of  this  sub- 
division of  the  house,  and  was  laid  in  state 
therein  for  several  days,  during  which  it 
was  open  to  the  public,  when  a  large  con- 
course of  spectators  was  admitted.  The 
apartment  was  next  occupied  by  the  ex- 
King  of  Sweden ;  and  since— /on^e  inter- 
vallum — by  the  writer  of  these  pages  during 
his  frequent  visits,  to  whom  its  vicinity  to 
the  library  and  the  observatory  recom- 
mended it. 

^*  The  north-east  angle  of  the  same  front 
of  the  buihling  was  occupied  by  Monsieur 
the  Comte  d'Artois,  afterwards  Charles 
the  Tenth,  whose  charact.er  did  not  fully 
develope  itself  at  Hartwell,  although  he, 
of  all  the  party,  was  most  accustomed  to 
appear  in  public,  by  riding  about  the 
country.  Somehow  or  other  none  of  the 
Buckinghamshire  gentlemen  liked  him  ; 
though,  as  in  the  noted  case  of  Doctor 
Fell,  it  might  be  difficult  to  tell  why  :  but 
this  can  hardly  be  thought  singular,  since 
he  was  never  favourably  spoken  of  with 
reference  to  his  domestic  relations.  Un- 
like his  brother  the  King,  he  was  impro- 
vident in  his  habits,  unprincipled  in  pe- 
cuniary matters,  haughty  in  behaviour, 
per\'crse  in  disposition,  and  week  in  intel- 
lectual stamina.  It  was  impossible  for 
such  a  man  to  gain  popularity ;  nor  did 
the  signal  chuie  of  1830  occasion  surprise 
among  those  who  knew  him. 

**  The  room  next  to  the  chamber  of  the 
Comte  d'Artois,  and  south  of  it,  was  as- 
signed to  the  Due  dc  Kerri.  The  hand- 
some apartments  at  the  south-west  angle 
of  thii  floor  were  inhabited  by  the  Due 


and  Duchesse  d'Angoul^me  and  their 
principal  attendants.  The  DocfaeM,  aa  the 
suffering  *  Orphan  of  the  Temple '  and 
spirited  *  Daughter  of  France,*  was  perfaapa 
the  most  interesting  personage  among  the 
band  of  exiles ;  and  her  early  display  of 
energy,  penetrating  understanding,  and 
tender  feeling  for  the  misfortanes  of  otlien, 
were  well  remembered.  But  the  brutal 
treatment  and  execution  of  her  parents, 
and'  the  other  dreadful  scenes  of  her  tender 
years,  had  made  so  deep  and  lasting  an 
impression  on  her  mind  as  greatly  to  in- 
fluence her  manner,  and  even  to  stamp  an 
habitual  melancholy  on  her  appearance,— 
insomuch  that  at  times  the  sadhiess  of  her 
presence  excited  a  painful  sympadiy.  Yet 
this  enduring  princess  was  active  and 
useful ;  she  generally  rose  at  five  in  the 
summer  and  six  in  the  winter,  walked 
hastily  when  in  the  grounds,  and  was 
averse  to  being  noticed.  Although  a  truly 
devoted  Roman  Catholic,  she  would  ocoa- 
sionally  look  in  at  the  parish  chnrch-door, 
sometimes  with  the  Duke,  during  divine 
service ;  and  she  expressed  to  my  late  re* 
spected  friend  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lodcart,  the 
officiating  minister  in  Hartwell,  her  ad- 
miration of  the  decorous  order  observed 
in  the  Protestant  forms  of  worship. 

"  Having  thus  conducted  the  reader 
through  the  royal  apartments,  it  will  be 
needless  to  drag  him  through  the  rest; 
though  an  account  of  some  of  them  in  de- 
tail might  prove  amusing  enough.  To  the 
curious  in  such  matters  I  may  mention 
that,  though  the  light  partitions  and  other 

*  land- marks  *  of  ingenious  adaptation  to 
circumstance  have  disappeared,  Dr.  Lee 
possesses  a  manuscript  folio  inscribed — 

*  Hartwell  House, — Inventaire  des  Meables 
qui  appartiennent  au  Roi,  et  jk  M'  le  Ch** 
Ley  (Sir  George  Lee),  1809,*— in  which 
all  the  various  apartments  are  numbered, 
and  the  nemcs  of  their  occupiers  given ; 
together  with  a  statement  of  every  article 
of  furniture  therein. 

"The  Comte  de  la  Chapelle,  Dr.  Co- 
lignon — medietu  illH8triinmu9,M,  Baner, 
M.  Antoine,  and  two  servants  of  the  esta- 
blishment died  during  the  occupation,  and 
were  allowed  interment — free  from  the 
bigoted  restrictions  of  Roman  CathdUc 
states — in  the  Hartwell  parish  burial* 
ground. 

**  During  the  King's  residence  at  Hart- 
well it  is  reported  that  he  received  an  al- 
lowance of  20,000/.  a-year  ftt>m  the  Britiali 
Government ;  but  a  Bnckinffhansliire 
gentleman,  who  occasionally  vuited  the 
royal  exiles,  states  that  the  snm  was  di- 
vided, namely  14,000/.  for  his  Majesty, 
and  6,000/.  for  the  Due  d'AngonMme. 
In  either  case  it  was  a  liberal  ynpply;  and 
the  tenantry  of  tha  neighbonrliood 


1851.] 


Hartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire. 


493 


greatly  benefited  by  the  increased  con- 
sumption of  beef,  mutton,  poultry,  butter, 
cream,  milk,  fruit,  vegetables,  and  other 
specimens  of  the  fat  of  the  Yale  of  Ayles- 
bury. Several  of  the  old  farmers  have 
regretted  to  me  their  loss  of  this  source  of 
profit.  On  the  King's  triumphant  de- 
parture from  Hartwell,  April  20th,  1814, 
in  passing  the  town- hall  of  Aylesbury,  he 
was  greeted  with  the  sight  of  the  white 
flag  waving  on  its  summit ;  and  a  large 
concourse  of  people  from  all  the  adjacent 
parts  made  the  air  resound  with  hearty 
cheers.  Many  gentlemen  of  the  local  yeo- 
manry cavalry  escorted  him  along  the 
London  road  to  Stanmore,  where  he  was 
met  on  the  steps  of  the  Abercom  Arms 
Hotel  by  the  Prince  Regent  of  England." 

We  are  sure  we  need  make  no  apo- 
lo^  to  our  readers  for  the  length  of 
this  most  interesting  passage,  especially 
as  the  work  from  which  we  extract  it 
is  printed  for  private  circulation  only. 
We  must  state,  however,  that  our 
limits  have  compelled  us  in  some  mea- 
sure to  compress  Captain  Smyth's 
anecdotical  details ;  and  we  should 
also  mention  that  they  are  preceded 
by  some  extracts  from  the  Kmg's  let- 
ters written  when  at  Hartwell,  which 
throw  a  pleasing  light  on  his  mode  of 
life  at  that  place,  and  on  his  personal 
character  as  an  amiable  and  accom- 
plished man.  It  was  with  a  just  ap- 
preciation of  all  these  points  that  Lord 
Byron  penned  those  sneering  lines,  in 
his  poem  called  "The  Age  of  Bronze." 

(iooil  classic  Louis !  i.s  it,  canst  thou  say, 

Desirable  to  be  the  "  Desird  "  ?  [abode, 

Why  wouldst  thou  leave  calm  Hartwell's  green 

Apician  table  and  Horatian  ode, 

To  rule  a  people  who  will  not  be  ruled, 

And  love  much  rather  to  be  scourg'd  than  school'd? 

King  Louis  in  1817  sent  his  por* 
trait,  painted  by  Le  Fevre,  as  a  pre- 
sent to  Sir  George  Lee ;  and 

"  among  other  relics  of  the  Bourbon 
residence  preserved  in  Hartwell  House  are 
the  prie-Dieu  chair  of  Louis  the  Eigh- 
teenth ;  the  prie-Dieu  of  the  Duchesse 
d'Angoul^me,  and  her  work-table;  the 
altar  in  the  chapel ;  Sir  William  Lee's 
chair  converted  into  a  confessional  by  the 
addition  of  a  grating  and  kneeling  step  ;  a 
fine  missal  which  belonged  to  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Rheims;  and  a  bronze  reading- 
grade  used  in  the  chapel  during  divine 
service,  the  desk-plate  of  which  is  en- 
graven with  the  sacred  monogram  over 
three  nails  in  the  centre  of  a  radiated 
circle,  with  a  cherub  at  each  angle  of 
the  plate.    There  are,  moreover,  various 


articles  of  furniture,  and  several  portraits 
of  members  of  the  royal  family,  together 
with  some  books,  manuscripts,  and  prints; 
and  a  clock,  a  barometer,  and  two  or  three 
thermometers  which  belonged  to  the 
King.*' 

But  it  is  high  time  that  we  should 
explain  that  these  historic  anecdotes  are 
only  an  incidental,  and  in  fact  a  sup- 
plementary, feature  of  the  handsome 
volume  before  us.  Captain  Smyth's 
orimnal  object  was  to  indite  an  account 
of  uie  Hartwell  Observatory ;  but  he 
felt  it  was  impossible  to  draw  that  up 
without  vivid  recollections  of  a  man- 
sion in  which  he  has  passed  many  la- 
borious and  many  happy  hours,  and  of 
an  estate  to  which  he  has  long  been  a 
trustee,  under  act  of  parliament.  He 
therefore  commenced  his  undertaking 
in  the  true  spirit  of  an  historian,  and 
thence  carried  it  forward  into  hb  fa- 
vourite branches  of  antiquarian  and 
philosophical  science.  The  first  divi- 
sion of  the  work  is  occupied  with  de- 
tails respecting  the  parish  and  manor 
of  Hartwell :  its  locality,  geology,  pro- 
duce, and  general  statistics.  The 
second  commemorates  the  successive 
lords  of  the  manor,  of  the  races  of 
Peverel,  de  Hertewell,  Luton,  Hamp- 
den, and  Lee;  a  succession,  by  the  way, 
in  which  the  estate  has  never  been 
alienated,  during  the  course  of  nearly 
four  centuries.  The  third  describes 
the  house  and  its  contents,  its  paint- 
ings, library,  museum,  numismatics, 
and  Egyptian  anti<|uities.  The  fourth 
is  devoted  to  the  history  and  descrip- 
tion of  the  Hartwell  Observatory ;  and 
includes  the  valuable  tabular  record  of 
the  meridional  observations  made  by 
the  late  Mr.  James  Epps,  who  was 
established  at  Hartwell  as  Dr.  Lee*s 
astronomical  assistant,  until  his  ser- 
vices were  prematurely  terminated  by 
his  death.  Here  abo  is  given  an  ac- 
count, of  the  highest  interest  to  astro- 
nomers, of  the  observations  made  at 
Hartwell  bv  Captain  Smyth  upon  the 
position  ana  colours  of  Double  Stars ; 
followed  by  the  no  less  attractive 
"  story  of  y  Virginis,"  a  binary-star  to 
the  calculation  of  whose  admeasure- 
ment and  motions  Captain  Smyth  has 
summoned  the  zealous  co-operation  of 
Sir  John  Herschel,  the  late  Professor 
Henderson  of  Edinburgh,  Mr.  J.  R. 
Hind,  the  Rev.  W.  R.  Dawes,  Lord 
Wrottesley,   Mr.  J.  C.  Adams,  and 


494 


The  Duke  ofAtbeniarle  and  Charles  IL 


[Nov. 


several  industi-Ious  coadjutors,  whose 
respective  reports  are  here  incorpo- 
rated. To  these  subjects  succeed  some 
observations  on  Kncke*s  comet,  and  a 
description  of  tlie  meteorological  equip- 
ments of  the  IlartwcU  Observatory. 

The  volume  is  liberally  illustrated 
with  engravings,  which  are  all  the 
more  worthy  of  rcgartl,  fi-om  having 
been  provided  from  drawings  made  by 
various  members  of  the  author's  own 
family.  The  larger  number  illustrate 
the  museum,  and  especially  Dr.  Lee*8 
extensive  collection  ol'  Egyptian  an- 
tiquities ;  the  discussion  of  which  oc- 
cupies nearly  seventy  pages.  The  sub- 
ject is  too  extensive  for  us  now  to 
grapple  with ;  but  we  have  been  un- 
able to  resist  the  permission  so  kindly 
awartled  us,  of  transferring  to  our 
pages  the  engraving  of  a  very  elegant 
mai'ble  bust,  of  Greek  art,  which  was 
first  publicly  represented  in  the  Rev. 
Robert  >Valpole  s  work  on  Turkey  an<l 
the  East,  engraved  by  F.  C.  Lewis,  from 
a  drawing  l)y  "Belshazzar"  Martin  : 

"  This  bast  was  found  among  the  ruins 
of  ancient  Tyre,  and  purcliascd  there  for  a 
trifle  by  Dr.  Lee,  in  181L  From  its  bear- 
hig  the  mitra  or  Phrygian  cap,  and  its 
yoathful  androgynous  ospect,  it  possibly 
represents  Atys  or  Paris  ;  and  it  is  remark- 
able as  shewing  the  teeth,  on  a  close  in- 
spection of  the  mouth,  which  are  seen  in 
but  few  busts.  Poor  larbus,  voce  Virgil, 
vented  his  indignation  at  Trojan  heads — 

Et  nunc  illc  Paris  cum  semiviro  comitatu, 
Mcnonid  mentum  mitrft.'* 

To  some  of  our  readers  the  infor- 
mation will  be  welcome  that  the  mu- 
nificent owner  of  these  learned  stores, 
latterly  better  known  as  Treasurer  of 
the  Astronomical  and  President  of  the 
Numismatic  Societies,  as  a  young  man 
visited  the  ancient  countries  of  the 
world,  in  the  character  of  Travelling 
Bachelor  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge. His  name  then  was  Fiott,  which 


he  exchanged  for  Lee  in  the  year  IBl  6. 
Ilenoe  the  exordium  of  his  career  as 
a  collector.  A  long  gaUery  on  the 
first  floor  at  Hartwell  anordfl  the 
re({uisite  accommodation  for  the  ma- 
seum,  which  is  supplied  with  the  won- 
ders of  the  animal,  vegetable,  and  mi- 
neral kingdoms,  as  well  as  antiquarian 
relics,  and  works  of  industrial  lui.  In 
numismata,  a  series  of  six  hundred 
Roman  medals  in  large  brass,  which 
had  been  formed  by  Captain  Smyth  at 
Bedford  (and  described  in  a  Descrip- 
tive Catalogue  there  printed  in  1 894), 
was  passed  over  to  IlartwcU,  when 
Dr.  Lee  resolved  to  increase  their 
number  to  one  thousand;  and  from 
those  collected  in  his  travels,  and 
others  since  secured  by  his  taste  and 
perseverance,  he   has  nearly  aocom- 

{>li8hed  that  resolve.  Respecting  the 
ibrary  we  must  still  add  a  few  words, 
though  we  have  scarcely  any  space 
remaining. 

"  From  the  union  of  the  Hartwell,  Col- 
worth,  and  Totteridge  libraries,  together 
with  the  constant  additions  which  have 
been  made  by  Dr.  Lee,  the  colIeeChm  is 
very  extensive  and  valoable.  Iteomprisea, 
in  a  word,  all  the  best  works  in  the  aadant 
and  modern  languages  in  evenr  depattaient 
of  intellectual  cnltare,  as  wdl  in  divinitf , 
history,  and  law,  as  in  poetry,  belles  lettrei, 
fine  arts,  antiquities,  natural  history,  and 
voyages  and  travels.  Hence  the  accnmn- 
lation  has  been  so  great,  that  Dr.  Lee  has 
been  driven  to  distribute  his  books  in 
classes  among  the  various  apartments  of 
the  house  ;  and,  besides  those  in  the  prin- 
cipal bedrooms,  there  is  a  suite  of  siz 
airy  attics  devoted  to  that  object ;  hut, 
since  the  observatory  has  been  attached, 
that  room  has  become  the  principal  depo- 
sitary of  mathematical  and  philosophical 
works  in  their  various  forms  and  appttoa- 
tions,  both  EngUsh  and  foreign,  from  tiie 
earliest  period  to  the  present  time ;  among 
which  are  many  of  rare  occurrence.*' 

Sic  itiir  adastra! 


N 


THE  DUKE  OF  ALBEMARLE  AND  CHARLES  II. 
I    wrote    the    article 


SINCE  I  wrote  tiie  article  on 
"  Monk  and  the  Restoration,"  for  your 
Magazine  of  last  month,  I  have  found, 
in  the  same  collection  to  which  I  was 
then    indebted,   two   or  three   other 


Charles  II.  to  the  throne.  They,  like 
the  others,  ns  far  as  my  knowledge 
extends,  are  (juitc  new,  and  on  varioos 
accounts  merit  observation.  I  there- 
fore send  you  a  notice  of  them,  to  form 


broadsides  relating  to  the  Duke  of    a  sort  of  supplement  to  my  preyknii 

Albemarle  and  the  times  imme<liatcly     contribution. 

pi*ecediug  and  following  the  retom  of       The  first  of  these  relates  to  ft 


1851.] 


The  Duke  of  Albemarle  and  Charles  IL 


495 


fier  regarding  whom  I  can  supply 
no  information — Richard  Farrar — a 
name,  I  apprehend,  now  occurring  for 
the  first  time  in  our  poetical  annals, 
and  perhaps  on  this  ground  only  de- 
servmg  record.  Under  the  date  of 
2*2  May,  1660,  seven  days  before  the 
restored  monarch  entered  London, 
Farrar  printed  "  A  Panegyrick  to  his 


Excellency  the  Lord  General  Monck : " 
on  the  face  of  it  ("  London,  Printed 
by  John  Macock"),  he  calls  himself 
"  Richard  Farrar,  Esq."  and  it  con- 
sists of  only  thirty-four  lines,  com- 
mencing with  a  simile  which  had  been 
used  two  months  before,  when  Monk 
was  entertained  at  Clothworkers*  Hall. 
Farrar  begins. 


England's  St.  George,  who  did  the  virgin  free 
From  dragon's  jaws,  was  but  a  type  of  thee; 

and  he  goes  on,  like  his  predecessor,  stroyed  not  one  but  many  dragons,  in 
to  show  now  much  greater  Monk  was  the  persons  of  the  members  of  the 
than  St.  George,  because  he  had  de-     Long  Parliament : — 

Thou,  noble  George,  that  Saint  surpasses  far 
(Monck's  name  alone  hath  quench'd  our  flaming  war) ; 
He  but  one  dragon  slew,  one  virgin  freed, 
But  thou  three  kingdoms  bast  redeemed,  (blest  deed !) 
Redeemed  from  numerous  dragons'  tearing  paws, 
Who  kill'd  our  King  and  trampled  on  our  laws, 
Monsters  of  monsters  I  ^. 


The  general's  bloodless  victory,  ob- 
tained with  so  much  "  speed  and  si- 
lence," are  also  highly  lauded,  and  the 
obligations  of  the  king  and  nation  of 
course  not  omitted;  but  nothing  is 
added  to  our  information  regarding 
events  of  the  period,  and  the  lines  can 
lay  claim  to  little  of  that  which  the 
writer  abundantly  heaps  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  his  eulogy.  1  arrar's  flattery, 
to  be  sure,  is  not  more  fulsome  than 
Monk  had  previously  swallowed  in  the 
halls  of  various  trading  companies  of 
London,  but  we  do  not  find  that  this 
"  Panegyric "  had  been  any  where 
publicly  pronounced. 

The  name  subscribed  to  the  produc- 
tion I  have  next  to  notice  will  oe  sure 
to  attract  attention — W.  Drummond. 
He  was  the  son  of  the  celebrated  Scot- 


tish poet  (the  friend  of  Ben  Jonson) 
Dnunmond  of  Hawthomden,  who  died 
in  1649:  his  son  was  knighted  by 
Charles  11.,  not  very  long  afler  he  had 
been  placed  upon  the  throne.  Very 
possibly  he  ingratiated  himself  witb 
the  monarch  by  this  and  other  adu- 
latory performances,  and  it  is  well 
known  that  hb  father  had  been  a 
loyal  adherent  of  Charles  I.  It  is  en- 
titled an  "  Anagram  of  his  Excellency 
the  Lord  Generall  George  Monck, 
King  come  ore;**  which  is  not  very 
exact,  inasmuch  as  the  letters  of  the 
name  and  of  the  sentence  do  not  en- 
tirely correspond.  As  it  consists  of 
only  twenty-six  lines,  and  may  be 
considered  a  curiosity  in  its  way,  I 
will  quote  it  at  length. 


You  divine  cabalists,  who  raise  your  fkme 

By  your  expounding  every  word  and  name, 

See  here's  a  name  makes  all  the  world  to  ring ; 

George  Monck  interpreted  is  Come  o*er  Kina, 

"  Come  o'er,  King  Charles  ;  receive  your  triple  crown  : 

I'll  give  you  them,  yet  give  you  but  your  own," 

Says  the  most  loyal  and  most  prudent  knight 

That  virtue  ever  taught :  for  his  delight 

Is  to  teach  all  justice  and  loyalty, 

That  his  unparalleled  example  see. 

The  fleets  and  flocks,  meetmg  on  seas  and  shore. 

Extol  Greorge  Monck  that  caus'd  the  King  come  o'er : 

His  name  foretold  what  now  himself  hath  done 

By  bringing  in  the  lawfVd  heir  and  son 

Of  Charles  the  First ;  undoubted  successor 

To  Brutus,  Fergus,  and  the  Conqueror. 

When  statesmen  heard  we  would  the  King  restore 

They  askM  who  durst  do't  ?    We  said  IRnff  come  o*er ! 


496  The  Duke  of  Albemarle  and  Charles  11.  [Nor. 

He  BignM  a  blank  and  sent  it  to  the  King ; 
Our  Monarch  ask'd  no  more,  bat  o*er  did  bring 
His  loyal  royal  train,  big  with  content, 
T'embrace  George  Monck,  and's  true  free  Parliament. 
Vive,  George  Monck,  for  since  the  King  came  o'er 
We  reap  those  joys  we  sow'd  in  tears  bdbre. 
Propitious  Heaven  I  the  Stuart's  long  preserre, 
And  Monck 's  as  long  our  gracious  King  to  serve. 

For  Mr.  William  Clark,  Sec. 

W.  Drummond,  Gent. 

What  may  be  the  meaning  of  the  wards ;  but  the  title  of  it  is  not  given 

words  preceding  the  author*s  name,  by  Pepjs,  who  saw  the  "  Beggar*t 

"  For  Mr.  William  Clark,  Sec.,"  I  do  Bush"  acted  on  20th  Nov.    F^^ps 

not  understand.    I  do  not  recollect  to  he  had  not  heard  the  name  of  that 

have  met  with  any  other  specimen  of  represented  at  the  Cockpit,  Whitehall, 

the  poetry  (so  to  call  it)  of  Sir  Wil-  or,  as  usual,  he  would  have  mentioned 

liam  Drummond.  it ;    and  the    printed  prologue  now 

The  next  document  afibrds  a  curi-  before  me,  on  a  broadside,  does  not 

ous  illustration  of  a  passage  in  Pepy*s  supply  the  deficiency,  for  it  is  merely 

Diary,  where,  under  the  date  of  20th  entitled, 

Nov.  16G0,  we  read  as  follows  :  "  Mr.  **  The  Prologue  to  his  Majesty  at 
Shepley  and  I  to  the  new  playhouse  the  first  Play  presented  at  the  Cock- 
near  Lincoln*s  Inn  Fields  (which  was  pit  in  Whitehall,  beinff  part  of  thAt 
formerly  Gibbon*s  tennis-court),  where  Noble  Entertainment  which  their  Ma- 
the  play  of  the  *Beggar*s  Bush*  was  gisties  received,  Novemb.  19.,  from  his 
newlv  be^un  ;  and  so  we  went  in,  and  Grace  the  Duke  of  Albemarle.** 
saw  it  well  acted ;  and  here  I  saw  the  Mohun,  or  Moone  (as  Fepys  spella 
first  time  one  Moone,  who  is  said  to  be  the  name)  was  one  of  the  King't  com- 
the  best  actor  in  the  world,  lately  come  pany  under  Davenant,  and  as  Uie  Fro- 
over  with  the  King,  and  indeed  it  is  logue  incontestibly  shews  that  the  play 
the  finest  playhouse,  I  believe,  that  on  the  19th  November  was  perfonneo 
ever  was  in  England.  This  morning  by  a  bodv  of  public  actors,  there  is 
I  found  my  lord  in  bed  late,  he  having  little  doubt  that  Mohun,  who  had 
been  with  the  Kin^,  Queen,  and  "  lately  come  over  with  the  king  ** 
Princess,  at  the  Coclcpit  all  night,  was  one  of  them.  The  forty-four  lines 
where  General  Monk  treated  them;  introductory  of  the  play  were  by 
and  after  supper  a  play,  where  the  Davenant,  because  his  name  "  By  Will. 
King  did  put  a  great  afiront  upon  Davenant  '*  (as  I  apprehend  in  hiB  own 
Singleton*s  music,  he  bidding  them  hand-writing)  is  at  the  end  of  the 
stop,  and  made  the  French  music  printed  copy  I  have  employed.  This 
play,  which,  my  Lord  says,  do  much  fact  communicates  an  additional  tn- 
outdo  ours."  This  supper  was  given  terest  and  importance  to  it,  and  on 
by  Monk  (created  Duke  of  Albemarle  this  account  I  do  not  so  much  beg 
on  7 til  Julv  preceding)  on  19th  Nov.,  permission,  as  do  your  readers  the  fa- 
whcn  a  play  was    performed  after-  vour,  to  transcribe  the  whole. 

Greatest  of  Monarchs,  welcome  to  this  place, 
Which  Majesty  so  oft  was  wont  to  grace 
Before  our  exile,  to  divert  the  Court, 
And  balance  weighty  cares  with  harmless  sport. 
This  truth  we  can  to  our  advantage  say, 
That  they  would  have  no  King  would  have  no  Play : 
The  Lawrel  and  the  Crown  together  went, 
Had  the  same  foes  and  the  same  banishment. 
The  ghost  of  your  great  ancestors  they  fear'd, 
Who,  by  the  art  of  conjuring  Poets  rear'd, 
Oar  Harries  and  our  Edwards,  long  since  dead, 
Still  on  the  stage  a  march  of  glory  tread. 
Those  monuments  of  fame  (they  thought)  would  stain, 
And  teach  the  people  to  despise  their  reign : 
Nor  durst  they  look  into  the  Muses  well, 
Lest  the  clear  spring  their  ugliness  should  telL 
G 


1851.] 


Ulrkh  Von  Hutten. 

Affrighted  with  the  shadow  of  their  rage, 
They  broke  The  Mirror  of  the  Times,  the  stage. 
The  stage  against  them  still  maintained  the  war, 
When  they  debauch*d  the  pulpit  and  the  bar. 
Though  to  be  hypocrites  be  our  praise  alone, 
'Tis  our  peculiar  boast  that  we  were  none : 
Whatever  they  taught,  we  practis'd  what  was  true, 
And  something  we  had  learn'd  of  honour  too, 
When  by  your  danger  and  our  duty  prest 
We  acted  in  the  field,  and  not  in  jest. 
Then  for  the  cause  our  tiring  house  they  sack'd. 
And  silenc'd  us  that  they  alone  might  act ; 
And  (to  our  shame)  most  dextrously  they  do  it. 
Out-act  the  players  and  out-lie  the  poet. 
But  all  the  other  arts  appeared  so  scarce, 
Our's  were  the  moral  lectures,  their's  the  farce : 
This  spacious  land  their  theatre  became, 
And  they  grave  councillors  and  lords  in  name. 
Which  these  mechanics  personate  so  ill, 
That  even  th'  oppressed  with  contempt  they  filL 
But  when  the  lion's  dreadful  skin  they  took. 
They  roar'd  so  loud  that  the  whole  forest  shook. 
The  noise  kept  all  the  neighbourhood  in  awe. 
Who  thought  'twas  the  true  lion  by  his  paw. 
If  feigned  virtue  could  such  wonders  do. 
What  may  we  not  expect  from  this  that's  true  ? 
But  this  great  theme  must  serve  another  age 
To  fill  our  story  and  adorn  our  stage. 

By  Will.  Davenant. 


497 


Besides  subscribing  the  broadside, 
as  I  have  stated,  Davenant  corrected 
an  error  of  the  press,  by  substituting 
"  your "  for  their  in  the  ninth  line. 
The  imprint  is  —  **  London,  printed 
for  G.  Bedell  and  T.  Ck)llins,  at  the 
Middle-Temple  Gate,  in  Fleet-street, 
1660."  The  players  were  justified  in 
thus  claiming  credit  for  their  loyalty, 
for  man^,  it  not  most,  of  them,  after 
the  closing  of  the  theatres  by  the 
Republicans,  took  up  aims  in  the 
royal  cause ;  and  Wright,  in  a  well 
known  passage  in  his  Historia  HiS" 
trionica  (8vo.  1699)  tells  us  that 
Mohun  was  a  captain,  and  Hart,  his 


fellow  actor  in  the  King^s  company  of 
comedians,  a  lieutenant  during  the 
Civil  Wars.  After  the  Restoration 
they  returned  to  the  stage,  and  often 
played  before  the  Court  in  the  Cockpit 
at  Whitehall.  We  may  perhaps  oe 
allowed  to  conjecture  that  the  play 
acted  there,  after  the  Duke  of  Alb^ 
marle*s  supper  on  the  19th  November, 
was  Fletcner's  "  Beggar's  Bush,**  and 
that  it  was  repeated  at  Gibbon's  Ten- 
nis Court  on  the  next  day,  when  Fepys 
saw  it,  because  it  (though  not "  Single- 
ton's  music  ")  had  met  with  the  royal 
approbation  on  the  night  preceding. 

J.  P.  C. 


ULRICH    VON    HUTTEN. 
Part  III. 


THE  RIUCHLIN  CONTROVEnST. 


THE  Reformation  was  in  the  main 
more  a  revolt  of  the  human  conscience 
than  of  the  human  understanding.  It 
was  its  corruptions  more  than  its  doc- 
trinal falsehoods  which  roused  the  hearts 
ofmena^inst  the  Church  of  Rome.  A 
community  can  never  be  stirred  to  its 
most  living  depths  by  the  longing  for 

Gent.  Maq.  Voi*.  aXXYL 


intellectual  disenthralment.  Freedom 
is  far  from  being  a  perennial  need  of 
mankind.  The  dream  of  freedom 
briffhtens  on  the  soul  when  the  soul  is 
roboed  of  higher  and  more  substantial 
blessings.  Stronger,  more  abidins  than 
the  love  of  freedom  is  the  love  of  order 
and  organization;  a  lore  made  im- 

3S 


498 


Ulrich  von  Hutten, 


[Nov. 


measurably  intense  by  the  influences 
of  habit   and  by   selfish  fears.     But 
more  potent  than  this  love  is  that  which 
hallows  while  it  consolidates  order  and 
organization — the  instinct  of  everlast- 
ins  ri^^ht.      It  was  that  instinct  to 
which  the  Reformation  spoke,  finding 
a  response   in   the   valiant  wrath  of 
millions.   The  first  blow  which  Luther 
struck  was  not  given  in  any  battle  of 
speculation,  it  was  struck  at  an  abomi- 
nation horrible  in  the  sight,  putrid  in 
the  nostrils  of  every  Christian.     Long 
enough  might  Luther  have  appealed 
to  the  insulted  intellect  unless  he  had 
accepted   as   fellow   champion   in  his 
confiict  with  popery  that  whirlwind  of 
indignation  which  any  gross  and  pre- 
valent scandal,  any  great  and  mon- 
strous wrong,  irresistibly  begets.    The 
multitude  has  no  time,  no  mclination 
for  nice  balancings  and  subtle  distinc- 
tions.  And  Luther  conquered  its  brain 
by  connuering  its  bosom.     When  he 
had  hurled  himself  with  all  his  force 
and  fury  at  a  pollution  that  infected 
and  poisoned  tlie  whole  being  of  so- 
ciety, the  people  were  prompt  enough 
to  see  the  crushing  logic  of  his  propo- 
sitions.    It  was  through  believing  in 
the  Reformer  that  they  welcomed  the 
Reformation. 

But  by  the  side  of  that  moral  fervor 
and  ferment  out  of  which  the  Refor- 
mation as  a  popular  fact  grew,  marched 
a  miehty  co-operator,  the  emancipated 
scholarship  of  Euroi)e,  resolved  not 
only  to  maintain  the  ground  it  had 
won,  but  yearning  for  a  broader  field, 
and  a  bolder,  more  independent  action. 
The  war  of  the  scholar  against  the 
priest,  of  the  individual  mind  in  its 
thirst  for  culture  and  knowledge 
against  spiritual  despotism,  was  be^un 
and  half  gained  when  Luther  rushed 
with  his  plenitude  of  energies  on  the 
scene.  The  scholar,  as  such,  is  not 
moved  bv  the  iniquities  that  desolate 
the  earth.  He  has  no  r^uarrel  with 
the  priest,  because  the  priest  trios  to 
buttress  crumbling  institutions  by 
tricks  so  base  that  they  blacken  into 
guilt.  But  in  all  ages  the  scholar, 
whether  an  Abelard  or  a  Descartes, 
amid  whatever  outward  homage  he 
may  give  to  current  ecclesiastical  sys- 
tems, claims  for  himself  the  largest 
latitude  of  thought  and  of  utterance, 
and  fiercely  combats  if  the  claim  be 
denied.     The  scholar  by  nature,  by 


taste,  and  by  occupation  is  a  quiet 
conformist.     Organizations  the  com- 
pactest,  the  most  untroubled,  the  most 
revered,  alone  afford  him  the  means 
of  pursuing  his  inquiries  with  fruitful 
and  consecutive  results.    He  dwells 
therefore  willinelj  enough  under  the 
shadow  of  sacerdotal  corporations,  the 
most    ambitious,    the    most    unscru- 
pulous, the  most  depraved,  provided 
his  steps  are  lefl  as  untrammelled  as 
his  i)hantasies.    The  contest  therefore 
ill  which  the  scholarship  of  Christen- 
dom was  engaged  when  the  Reforma- 
tion arose,  was  a  contest  on  its  own 
account.     It  was  not  the  assertion  of  a 
popular  principle,  it  was  not  intention- 
ally identified  with  the  chief  objects 
and  interests  of  the  Reformation.    In- 
deed it  is  ([uestionable  whether  as  a 
whole  it  did  not  regret    the    shape 
which  the  Reformation  took,  and  would 
not  have  preferred  a  revolution  unac- 
companied by  dismemberment.     Still 
it  was  the  ally  of  the  Reformation  in 
spite  of  itself.    ]Much  as  it  might  dis- 
like to  see  the  rash,  rude  populace 
sharing  in  that  liffht  of  wliich  it  had 
hitherto  possessed  thcf  proud  monopolj, 
it  felt  that  it  must  Dear  the  burden 
and  heat  of  the  day  along  with  that 
rude,  rash  mass,  or  be  itself  annihilated. 
Its  own  separate  struggles  for  existence 
however  at  the  time  of  the  Reforma- 
tion, or  immediately  before  it,  hare 
much  attraction  for  us;  whereof  not 
the  least  in  imiiortance  was  the  Reuch- 
lin    Controversy,    of   which,  and    of 
Reuchlin  himself,  wo  shall  furnish  ai 
brief  and  clear  an  account  as  we  can ; 
not  alone  because  Ulrich  von  Iluttoi 
played  so  foremost  a  part  in  that  con- 
troversy, but  inasmuch  as  Reuchlin 
was  the  most    eminent  type  of  the 
scholar  fighting  for  liberty  against  the 
machinations  of  Romish    priestcraft, 
and  the  controversy  the  best  illustra- 
tion of  the  victory  which  the  intellect 
of  the  learned  attempted  to  achieve,  of 
the  work  which  it  attempted  to  ac- 
complish apart  from  the  conscience  of 
the  peoi)lc. 

Johann  Reuchlin  was  born  at  Ffortz- 
lieim,  in  the  margraviate  of  Baden,  in 
the  year  1455.  From  an  early  period 
of  his  life  he  showed  the  most  ardent 
love  of  knowledge,  and  an  untiring 
industry  in  the  acquisition  thereof. 
He  was  sent  to  Paris  to  perfect  his 
acquaintance  with  Greek  and  Latin. 


1851.] 


Ulrkh  van  Hutten, 


499 


There  also  he  studied  cali^aphy,  with 
the  view  of  getting  his  hvelihood  by 
copying  manuscripts.  Whatever  time 
he  had  to  spare  from  these  pursuits 
was  devoted  to  dialectics,  and  to  the 
works  of  Aristotle.  In  his  twentieth 
year  he  went  from  Paris  to  Basle. 
There  he  took  a  degree  as  master  of 
arts,  and  published  a  Latin  dictionary 
so  much  superior  to  all  which  had 
gone  before  it  that  it  immediately  dis- 
placed them.  At  Basle,  JohannWessel, 
who  had  been  banished  from  Paris  on 
account  of  his  religious  opinions,  in- 
structed him  in  the  Hebrew  language. 
After  residing  in  various  cities  of 
France  he  came  in  1479  to  Tubingen. 
Here  he  did  two  important  things: 
he  took  a  doctor*s  degree  and  a  wife. 
Growing  tired  of  the  monotony  of 
academical  life,  he  turned  his  attention 
to  law,  and  practised  as  a  barrister 
with  great  success  and  fame.  In  his 
twenty-sixth  year  he  was  chosen  by 
Count  Eberhard  of  Wurtemburg  as 
his  private  secretary.  He  accompanied 
the  count  to  Italy,  with  many  of  whose 
most  distinguished  men  he  became  in- 
timate, and  was  exceedingly  admired 
for  his  classical  culture  and  refinement. 
On  his  return  from  Italy  new  honours 
and  dignities  awaited  him.  In  1486 
he  was  sent  by  the  count  to  be  present 
at  the  coronation  as  King  of  the 
Romans  of  Maximilian,  afterwards  the 
Emperor,  who  treated  him  with  much 
respect  and  kindness.  On  a  second 
journey  to  Italy  connected  with  the 
count's  affairs  he  extended  his  circle 
of  friendships.  Brilliant  was  Ileuch- 
lin's  reception  in  1492  at  the  court  of 
the  Emperor  Frederick  the  Third,  to 
which  at  Linz  he  went  along  with  the 
count.  The  learned,  the  Emperor,  and 
his  grandees,  all  strove  who  should 
show  him  most  admiration  and  esteem. 
The  Emperor  created  him  a  noble, 
and  appointed  him  a  councillor  of  the 
empire.  What  perhaps  he  valued  far 
more  than  these  titles  was  his  intro- 
duction about  this  time  to  a  Jew  of 
extraordinary  erudition  called  Loans, 
who  unveiled  to  him  in  the  Hebrew 
language  and  literature  rich  and  un- 
visited  sources  which  he  had  never 
before  suspected. 

The  elevation  of  his  beloved  and 
esteemed  protector  Eberhard  to  the 
dukedom  of  Wurtemburg  was  an  event 
at  which  Reuchlm  most  have  rejoiced 


in  no  ordinary  deffree.  But  the  Duke 
soon  died,  and  had  fbr  successor  a 
man  as  unlike  as  possible  to  himself— 
Eberhard  the  Second — who  not  merely 
neglected  Reuchlin,  but  persecuted  him 
because  Reuchlin  had  the  courage  to 
give  the  foolish  ruler  wise  advice.  To 
escape  a  prison,  or  something  worse, 
Reuchlin  was  compelled  to  fly.  Bishop 
Dalberg  of  Worms,  the  Chancellor  of 
the  Elector  Palatine,  offered  him  an 
asylum.  As  the  Elector's  ambassador 
he  repaired  to  Rome,  where  he  re- 
mained more  than  a  year.  Here,  while 
disciplining  his  mind  at  every  point, 
and  adding  to  his  stores  of  knowledge 
from  every  quarter,  he  published  a 
number  of  Orations  which  he  had  de- 
livered before  Pope  Alexander  the 
Sixth.  When  the  troubles  in  Wurtem- 
burg had  somewhat  subsided,  Reuchlin 
ventured  to  return  to  Suabia,  and 
lived  for  a  time  a  wholly  literary  life, 
publishing  numerous  works;  among 
others  a  treatise  on  the  art  of  preaching 
and  a  Hebrew  grammar.  Those  works 
increased  a  renown  which  was  already 
second  to  none  in  Germany.  The 
Suabian  Alliance,  however,  dragged 
him  from  his  literary  retirement  to 
confer  on  him  one  of  the  highest  offices 
in  their  gift,  the  onerous  duties  of 
which  he  continued  to  fulfil  for  eleven 
years.  Sighing  all  this  while,  not  fbr 
repose,  but  for  labours  more  suited  to 
his  taste  and  character,  he  found  oc- 
casional relaxation  in  a  country-house 
which  he  had,  and  in  the  company  of 
studious  youths,  some  of  whom,  like 
Melancthon,  afterwards  became  more 
famous  than  himself.  And  now  broke 
forth  that  storm  to  which  we  owe  the 
EpistolsB  Obscurorum  Virorum.  He 
passed  through  that  storm  only  to  be 
exposed  to  new  dangers,  through  the 
war  which  the  Suabian  Alliance  carried 
on  against  Duke  Ulrich  of  Wurtem- 
burg. When  the  Duke*s  opponenta 
took  Stuttgart,  Reuchlin,  wno  waa 
living  there  at  the  time,  found  pro- 
tectors in  Ulrich  von  Hutten  and 
Francis  von  Sickingen,  and  his  inter- 
cession with  these  and  with  the  other 
members  of  their  party  was  often  of 
great  value  to  the  citizens.  Stuttgart 
again  falling  into  the  hands  of  Duke 
Ulrich,  Reuchlin  escaped  the  hardest 
fate  only  by  the  speediest  flight.  At 
Ingolstadt,  whither  he  was  invited  by 
Duke  William  of  Bavaria,  he  had  in 


500 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


[Nov, 


teaching  the  Greek  and  Latin  lan- 
guages an  audience  of  not  less  than 
three  hundred.  A  cessation  of  tur- 
moil and  of  peril  permitted  him  to 
settle  once  more  in  his  native  regions, 
when  a  grievous  pestilence  which  there 
prevailed  drove  him  away  from  Ingol- 
stadt.  At  the  university  of  Tubingen 
he  had  just  begun  to  give  instructions 
in  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages,  and 
to  lecture-  on  iEschines  and  Demo- 
sthenes, when  he  died  of  consumption 
on  the  30th  of  July,  1522.  A  portion 
of  his  valuable  library  was  bequeathed 
to  the  church  at  Pforzheim,  another 
portion  came  to  Carlsruhe,  but  the 
greater  part  perished  in  the  commo- 
tions and  disasters  which  the  wars  of 
Germany  brought  in  their  train. 

Few  of  the  great  men  of  Germany 
have  been  more  enthusiastically  or 
unanimously  praised  by  German 
writers  than  Reuclilin.  The  noble- 
ness of  his  character,  the  breadth  of 
his  views,  the  extent  of  his  acquire- 
ments, the  services  which  he  rendered 
to  the  cause  of  intellectual  freedom,  all 
merited  a  gratitude  which  has  not  been 
niggardly  given.  As  the  first  among 
German  scholars  to  dower  theology 
and  its  handmaidens  with  a  liberal 
aspect  and  a  comprehensive  range,  he 
was  as  enlightened  and  energetic  a 
pioneer  of  literary  and  scientific  pro- 
gress as  Erasmus,  while  displaying  a 
boldness  and  an  honesty  of  which  that 
trimming,  servile,  cowardly,  though 
brilliant  and  gifled  man  was  altogether 
incapable.  Before  Keuchlin  a  know- 
ledge of  Hebrew  had  been  confined 
almost  exclusively  to  learned  Rabbins. 
Keuchlin  broke  through  this  charmed 
monopolv,  and  made  an  accurate  and 
profound  acquaintance  with  Hebrew  as 
much  an  indispensable  accomplishment 
of  a  finished  and  furnished  scholar  as 
Greek  and  Latin ;  which,  while  serving 

feneral  improvement,  made  it  easier  for 
(Uther  and  others  to  translate  and  ex- 
tensively difiusc  the  scriptures.  But 
lleuchliu  was  not  a  mere  student 
nourishing  himself  with  glorious  ideal- 
isms. He  was  a  man  of  action,  with  a 
heart  beating  warm  for  the  fatherland 
and  for  the  rights  of  humanity.  Eras- 
mus, Luther,  and  Keuchlin,  may  be 
taken  as  three  consummate  types  of 
three  primordial  tendencies  of  their 
ase ;  the  first  of  the  desire  of  mental 
liberty  for  its  own  sake ;  the  second  of 


the  yearning  for  moral  r^^eration 
and  religious  reality ;  the  third  of  the 
endeavour  to  render  mental  libert|r  and 
moral  and  religious  ffrowth  the  allies  of 
each  other.  ReucQin  was  the  com- 
pletest  man  of  the  three,  and  expressed 
best  the  whole  wants  of  his  times. 

Contemporary  with  Keuchlin  was  a 
man  of  an  altogether  different  stamp, 
Jacob  von  Hogstraten,  whose  earij 
history  it  is  unnecessary  to  g^vci  but 
who  was  ultimately  appointeaprior  of 
the  Dominicans  at  Cologne.  For  his 
excessive  zeal  against  heretics  and 
heresies  he  was  created  chief  inquintor 
when  an  attempt  was  made  to  establish 
the  Liquisition  in  the  three  ecclesias- 
tical  electorates  of  Germany,  an  at- 
tempt which  signally  failed  from 
Hogstraten  and  his  coadjutors  pUying 
their  parts  too  well.  He  possessed 
ffreat  learning  and  was  deeply  read  in 
the  scholastic  philosophy,  but  whaterer 
light  he  possessed  himself  only  made 
him  the  more  anxious  to  exemde  all 
light  from  others.  Reforms,  innova- 
tions of  every  kind,  found  in  him  a 
most  strenuous  foe.  Of  boundless 
pride,  of  most  insatiate  ambition,  he 
was  implacable  in  his  vindictiveness 
against  all  who  offended  the  former  or 
wno  thwarted  the  latter.  The  Catholic 
Church  never  had  a  more  devoted 
servant  nor  one  more  fatal  to  its  in- 
terests ;  for  his  reckless  passions,  his 
rash  audacity,  and  the  fury  of  his  re- 
venge, made  him  careless  of  conse- 
quences provided  his  schemes  or  even 
his  whims  were  unhindered  in  their 
impetuous  career.  As  the  Reforma- 
tion advanced  his  rage  became  the 
more  mad  and  unsparing.  In  an  evil 
hour  for  himself  he  attacked  Luther, 
who  hurled  at  him  one  of  his  most 
crushing  diatribes,  calling  him  among 
other  things  a  bloodthirsty  murdoer 
and  the  greatest  ass  he  had  ever  known. 
His  extreme  violence  made  him  at  last 
unpopular  even  with  his  own  party, and 
falling  into  universal  discredit  he  ended 
a  miserable  life,  stained  with  foulest 
cruelties,  in  1527. 

One  of  Hogstraten*s  most  willing 
instruments  was  a  certain  Johann 
Pfefferkorn,  who,  in  1506,  mrofessed  his 
conversion  to  the  Christian  reUgion 
from  the  Jewish.  As  his  sincerity  was 
^eatlj^  doubtc<l,  he  resolved  to  prove 
It  by  his  prodigious  virulence.  He  per- 
secuted m  every  imaginable  mode  the 


1851.] 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


501 


adherents  of  his  fonner  faith ;  and  he 
flattered  the  Dominican  order  with  the 
idea  that  it  would  be  an  easy  thing  to 
convert  them  all  to  the  Grospel.  Pfener- 
korn  would  not  be  worth  a  moment*s 
notice  if  he  had  not  been  so  much 
mixed  up  with  the  circumstances  out 
of  which  the  EpistolsB  Obscurorum 
Virorum  grew,  and  if  his  name  did  not 
occur  so  frequently  and  prominently 
in  that  celebrated  production.  He  was 
the  nominal  author  of  several  contro- 
versial works  in  Grerman  and  Latin ; 
but  it  is  thought  that  he  had  neither 
the  capacity  nor  the  learning  neces- 
sary for  their  production,  and  that 
the  wily  Dominicans  merely  used  his 
name  ror  the  discharge  of  missiles 
which  they  had  not  the  courage  to 
throw  at  their  own  risk.  He  had  a  very 
beautiful  wife,  who  is  often  alluded  to 
in  gross  and  never  in  flattering  terms  in 
theEpistolse.  Afler  the  terrinc,  annihi- 
lating blows  of  Ulrich  von  Hutten, 
Keucnlin,  and  others,  Pfefierkorn  sank 
into  merited  contempt.  He  had  been 
employed  as  a  tool  for  base  purposes 
by  an  unscrupulous  party,  and  he  was 
cast  aside  without  pity  when  no  longer 
of  any  value. 

Hogstratcn  and  Pfefierkorn,  in  al- 
liance with  a  whole  gang  of  monks, 
among  other  tricks  of  obscurantism 
which  they  tried,  declared  that  the 
study  of  Hebrew  books,  especially  of 
the  Talmud  and  the  Cabala,  was  dan- 
gerous and  heretical;  that  they  had 
been  written  to  bring  the  Christian 
religion  into  contempt  and  ought  to 
be  burned.  As  Hogstraten  had  en- 
couraged princes  and  all  good  Ca- 
tholics to  burn  Luther,  he  could  not 
be  expected  to  show  much  more  mercy 
to  objectionable  books.  The  head 
quarters  of  the  Obscurantists  was  Co- 
logne, and  Cologne  became  as  famous 
for  the  darkness  it  dispensed  as  it  has 
since  been  for  its  odoriferous  water. 
Hogstraten,  Pfefierkorn,  and  their 
worthy  brethren,  were  not  satisfied 
with  denouncing  the  Jewish  books; 
they  applied  to  the  Emperor  Maxi- 
milian, and  endeavoured  by  garbled 
extracts  to  obtain  from  him  an  edict 
interdicting  them.  The  Emperor  was 
inclined  to  comply  with  their  request, 
but  wished  first  of  all  to  obtmn  the 
opinion  of  the  Universities,  and  of  the 
learned  men  likeliest  to  be  free  from 
priestly  influences  and  ecclesiastical 


prejudices,  as  to  which  of  the  books 
it  would  be  advisable  to  suppress. 
Reuchlin,  as  one  no  less  distinguished 
for  his  integrity  than  for  his  sagacity 
and  erudition,  received  the  command 
of  the  Elector  of  Mentz  honestly  and 
fearlessly  to  state  whether  it  were 
wise  or  the  contrary  to  forbid  the  cir- 
culation of  the  Jewish  books  on  the 
Ten  Commandments,  the  Law  of  Moses, 
the  Prophets,  and  the  Psalms.  Reuch- 
lin uttered  his  sentiments  with  the 
utmost  frankness,  averring  that  many 
of  the  Jewish  books,  insteiui  of  injuring 
Christianity,  were  fitted  rather  to  do 
it  honour  and  to  aid  its  progress;  since 
by  studying  them,  scholars  were 
better  panoplied  both  for  attack  and 
for  defence,  when  standing  forth  as 
champions  of  the  gospel,  whilst  any 
attempt  to  interdict  tnem  would  put 
arms  mto  the  hands  of  the  foes  of 
Christianity.  Those  works  of  the  Jews, 
however,  which  had  been  written  with 
the  direct  intention  of  insulting  and 
vilifying  the  Christian  faith,  or  tended 
to  bring  into  discredit  other  things 
equally  holy,  or  taught  magical  or 
otner  pernicious  arts,  or  diffused  su- 
perstitious beliefs  and  practices  among 
the  people,  all  such  works  Reuchlin 
gave  his  verdict  for  suppressing  with- 
out hesitation.  These  opinions,  which 
were  intended  for  the  private  ear  of 
the  Elector  of  Mentz,  found  their  way, 
it  was  never  known  how,  to  Pfefier- 
korn and  the  Cologne  monks,  to  whom 
they  gave  grave  ofience,  simply  from 
their  sound  sense  and  their  lioerality. 
Immense  and  fierce  was  the  outcry 
against  Reuchlin  which  they  imme- 
diately raised.  They  showered  on  his 
head  libels,  satires,  lies,  and  tried  to 
entangle  and  entrap  him  in  a  cunning 
web  of  suspicions.  Reuchlin  returned 
blow  for  blow,  and  a  mighty  contest 
began,  which  ultimately  took  a  much 
broader  field  than  the  Hebrew  books, 
and  resolved  itself  into  a  crusade 
for  and  against  culture,  science,  and 
a  religion  in  harmony  with  both.  In 
Miinch*s  Introduction  to  the  sixth 
volume  of  Ulrich  von  Hutten*8  Works, 
will  be  found  a  very  copious  chronicle 
of  this  grand  controversy,  which  pro- 
duced a  deeper  excitement  among 
the  learned  than  even  the  outburst  of 
the  Reformation  itself,  though  it  is 
diflicult  to  draff  it  up  from  oblivion 
now.     Tlie    UoiTeraties    of  "^   ' 


502 


Ulrich  von  Hutten. 


[Nov. 


Lyons,  Erfurt,  and  MeuU,  pronounced 
themselves  on  the  side  of  the  monks, 
while  the  enlightened  men  of  all  lands 
rose  up  unanimously  in  lieuchlin's  de- 
fence. The  defenders  and  adherents  of 
lleuchlin  were  called  Humanists.  The 
Universities  already  mentioned  de- 
clared those  works  of  his  which  had 
been  published  on  the  matter  in  de- 
bate heretical  and  damnable,  and  they 
were  burned  at  Cologne.  Uogstraten 
summoned  Keucldin  to  ap^)ear  before 
an  inquisitorial  tribunal  consisting  of 
himself  and  of  other  members  of  the 
Dominican  order,  lleuchlin  reiused, 
whereupon  the  tribunal  delivered 
judgment  against  his  writings  as  he- 
retical. The  Archbishop  of  Mentz 
granted  him  a  deLiy  ol*  a  month  be- 
fore the  sentence  should  be  carried 
into  execution.  Pope  Leo  the  Tenth 
intrusted  the  invest  igation  of  the  affair 
to  the  Bishop  of  S^)ire,  who  decided 
for  Reuchlin,  a  decision  in  harmony 
with  the  whole  of  public  opinion. 
Furious  at  this  lesult,  and  determined 
to  contest  every  inch  of  ground  and 
to  hold  his  own  by  force  or  stratagem, 
Hogstraten  journeyed  to  Rome,  sur- 
rounded by  numerous  followers,  and 
carrying  with  him  large  sums  oi' money. 
But  here  also  the  judges  appointed  to 
consider  the  matter  gave  a  verdict 
in  favour  of  lleuchlin.  Hogstraten's 
residence  at  Rome  obtained  for  him 
nothing  but  a  command  of  the  Pope, 
that  the  whole  controversy  should 
cease,  and  that  both  parties  should 
thenceforth  maintain  silence. 

Ulrich  von  Ilutten,  in  his  enthusiasm 
for  whatever  was  valiant,  generous, 
and  truthful,  was  one  of  the  most 
strenuous  battlers  for  Reuchlin's  cause, 
a  cause  identified  in  his  mind  with 
freedom,  right,  and  justice.  He  at- 
tacked the  Obscurantists  with  his 
genius,  with  his  wit,  with  his  leai'ning, 
with  his  unmeasured  scorn.  His  pro- 
ductions on  this  subject  had  every 
merit  which  polemical  writings  can 
possess ;  they  were  read  by  many  for 
their  literary  excellences  who  did  not 
enter  warmly  or  at  all  into  the  spirit  of 
the  gigantic  struggle ;  and  they  gained 
among  ])rinces,  nobles,  and  the  learne<l 
numerous  recruits  to  Reuchlin's  side. 
Consi>icuous  among  the  stabs  dealt  to 
the  Hogstraten  party  by  llutten's 
fertile,  incisive,  and  energetic  pen,  was 
a  long  Latin  poem,  entitled  "Tri- 


umphus  Capnionis,**  the  pablicatkNi  of 
which  was  delayed  for  a  season  si  the 
request  of  the  temporisiDg  Erasmus. 
Capnio  was  the  learned  name  giYen  to 
Reuchlin  by  his  learned  contempora'- 
ries,  hence  the  title  of  the  poem.  In 
the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term  it  would 
be  wrong  to  call  the  Triumphos  poetry; 
but  as  a  pamphlet,  eloquent  witn  anser 
and  wielding  the  knout  remorscletwy, 
it  is  a  masterpiece. 

Whatever  else  however  Hutten 
wrote  in  defence  of  Reuchlin  and 
against  his  enemies  was  thrown  into 
the  shade  by  the  Epistolss  Obscurorum 
Virorum,  the  authorship  of  wliioh  htm 
^iven  rise  to  as  much  speculation  and 
mgenious  conjecture  in  Germanv  as 
the  authorship  of  Junius  in  Engund. 
By  some  it  has  been  supposed  that 
they  were  written  entirely  by  Rotten, 
and  by  others  that  ho  had  no  share  in 
their  composition  at  all.  When  the 
first  book  appeared,  1515,  it  was  unani" 
mously  ascribed  to  Reuchlin  himself. 
Then  a  belief  arose  that  Erasmus  and 
Hutten  had  assisted  him.  Certain 
modern  critics  wish  to  prove  that  the 
first  part  was  from  the  pen  of  Wolf- 
gang Augst^  a  learned  and  wittj 
])rinter,  at  Hagenau,  and  that  the  re- 
muinder  sprung  from  the  joint  talents 
of  Hutten  and  urotus  Rubianus.  That 
either  Erasmus  or  Reuchlin  took  anjr 
part  in  producing  them  is  unlikely, 
though  both  seem  to  have  known  who 
the  author  was.  Reuchlin  was  not 
master  enough  of  the  glancing,  gallant 
style  which  distinguishes  them,  and 
Erasmus  was  not  capable  of  such 
brave  defiance  of  monkery.  The  pro- 
babilities all  go  with  those  who  befiere 
that  the  entire  burden  and  the  entire 
glory  of  the  authorship  must  remain 
with  Ulrich  von  Hutten.  Without  en* 
tering  into  minute  points  of  criticism,  it 
suffices  to  say  that  he  was  the  only  man 
of  his  time  combining  the  moral  and 
mental  qualities  necessary  for  such  • 
work;  that  these  letters  correspond 
completely  in  spirit  and  in  manner  to 
whatever  else  he  wrote  in  the  course  of 
the  Controversy,  and  to  all  his  other 
productions ;  that  there  is  none  of  his 
contemporaries  to  whose  productions 
they  thus  correspond ;  that  he  seems  to 
claim  them  as  his ;  that  there  was  no 
one  engaged  in  the  Cuntrovers/  to 
whom  both  the  friends  of  Reuchlin 
and  his  foes  so  unanimouafy  attrihuted 


1851.]  Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall. 


508 


them.  At  all  events  the  claim  of  Hut- 
ten  to  the  EpistolaB  is  better  established 
than  that  of  Sir  Philip  Francis  or  any 
other  to  Junius. 

The  Epistolae  have  been  frequently 
reprinted.  The  edition  by  Miinch  will 
be  found  as  serviceable  as  any. 

The  book  in  fbrm  consists  of  letters 
addressed  to  Ortuinus  Gratius,  one  of 
the  chiefs  of  the  Obscurantists,  who 
persecuted  Reuchlin.  His  name  was 
probably  selected  from  his  being  the 
supposed  author  of  the  Works  which 
appeared  under  the  name  of  Pfeffer- 
kom.  Meant  to  ridicule  the  monks, 
they  were  written  in  most  monkish 
Latin.  In  a  literary  point  of  view 
they  are,  we  think,  a  good  deal  over- 
rated. In  many  parts  they  are  as  dis- 
gusting from  their  filth  as  Voltaire's 
Pucelle,  and  this  defect  is  not  always 
redeemed  by  proportionate  wit.  The 
satirical  talent  wnich  they  display  is 
unquestionable,  but  this  quite  unac- 
companied by  any  warmth  of  phantasy 
or  fertility  of  invention.  The  really 
good  things  in  the  book  reduce  them- 
selves to  {^out  a  score,  and  these  recur 
so  frequently,  and  as  nearly  as  possible 
in  the  same  shape  and  dress,  that  they 
ultimately  become  as  intolerable  as  if 
they  were  the  crassest  of  stupidities*  In 
reading  the  Epistola;,  then,  we  cannot 
resist  a  strong  feeling  of  monotony. 
While  each  letter  by  itself  is  as  clever 
as  the  one  before  it,  it  only  makes 
more  visible  the  want  of  substance,  the 
slenderness  of  materials;  but,  whatever 
estimate  we  may  form  of  the  book  as  a 
book,  it  certainly  did  popery  and 
monkery  tremendous  and  irreparable 
damage.  It  unveiled  the  hideous  mass 
of  corruption  which  formed  at  once 
the  basis  and  the  instrumentality  of 


both.  By  indicating  in  them  a  pitiable 
puerility  by  the  side  of  an  atrociods 
perversity,  it  made  them  ridiculous 
while  making  them  hateful.  We  see 
the  same  union  of  the  puerile  and  the 
perverse  at  present  in  kindred  churches 
and  parties.  Would  that  there  were 
some  new  Epistolse  Obscurorum  VI- 
rorum  to  lash  them  with  as  much 
vigour  and  effect ! 

The  Obscurantists  not  being  able  to 
defend  themselves  from  so  formidable 
an  attack  in  any  other  way,  induced 
Leo  the  Tenth  to  issue  a  bull,  con- 
demning the  Epistolae  on  the  15th 
March,  1517;  but  the  result  was  what 
might  have  been  expected,  that  the 
book  was  more  extensively  known, 
sought  with  more  avidity,  read  with 
more  interest. 

Hutten*s  onslaught  on  the  monks  of 
Cologne  took  place  during  the  same 
year  as  his  withering  denunciations  of 
the  Duke  of  Wurtemberg;  and  he 
perhaps  fought  all  the  more  manfully, 
skilfully,  and  resistlessly,  from  having 
two  enemies  instead  of  one. 

He  was  exceeding  benefited  by 
the  baths  at  Ems.  Various  ailments 
which  had  long  afflicted  him,  especially 
a  trembling  in  his  limbs,  disappearea. 
Invigorated  in  body  and  improved  in 
spirits,  he  was  ready  for  whatever  ho- 
nourable adventure  required  energy, 
daring,  the  force  of  a  Thor*8  hammer 
and  the  keenness  of  a  Damascus  blade. 
And  smiting  dukes  who  were  assassins 
and  adulterers,  and  monks  who  were 
the  ministers  of  mischief  and  the 
champions  of  ignorance,  still  left  his 
bold  and  enterprising  character  an  af- 
fluence of  unexpended  activity,  deter- 
mination, and  valour. 

Francis  Habweix. 


NOTES  OF  A  TOUR  ALONG  THE  ROMAN  WALL. 
By  Charles  Roacb  Smith,  F.S.A. 

{Qmeludedjromp.  388.) 

HOUSESTEADS,  the  Roman  Bor-  sober  judgment,  cautions  the  yisitor 
covicus,  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  a^inst  approaching  it  with  expeeta« 
the  wall  stations,  and  has  deservedly 


been  cidogised  by  Gordon  and  Stukeley 
and  described  m  its  present  state  at 
considerable  length  by  Mr.  Bruce. 
Stukeley  calls  it  "  the  Tadmor  of  Bri- 
tain."   Its  last  historian,  with  more 


tions  too  greatly  excited ;  but  he  ad- 
mits that  the  buried  ruins  remain  as 
vast  and  complete  as  ever,  and  that 
when  they  are  fully  excavated  Borco- 
vicus  will  be  the  rompeii  of  Britain* 
It  is  fortunate  for  the  lovers  of  aati* 


504 


Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Wall, 


[Nov. 


quitj,  it  is  fortunate  for  the  honour  of 
our  country,  that  Housesteads  is  now 
the  property  of  the  enlightened  owner 
of  Chesters,  who  fully  appreciates 
its  historical  worth.  The  area  of 
the  station  contains  about  five  acres. 
It  is  situated  upon  elevated  ground, 
bounded  on  the  north  by  the  great 
wall ;  on  the  east  by  a  ravine,  through 
which  runs  a  stream ;  and  on  the  south 
by  a  valley  and  a  ridge,  where  was 
found  an  altar  dedicated  to  Jupiter 
by  the  first  cohort  of  the  Tungrians, 
and  the  celebrated  Mithraic  cave.  The 
walls  are  in  a  good  state  of  preserva- 
tion, from  nine  to  sixteen  courses  of 
the  facing-stones  yet  remaining.  Like 
most,  if  not  all,  of  the  wall  stations, 
they  shew  no  traces  of  having  been 
flanked  with  towers,  and  they  are  con- 
structed wholly  of  stone  without  the 
bonding  courses  of  tiles  so  common 
in  the  walls  of  the  castra  in  the 
south  of  England.  The  gateways  have 
double  entrances,  and  are  built  of 
massive  stones  and  flanked  with  ward- 
rooms. That  on  the  western  side,  at 
the  period  of  our  visit,  was  being 
further  and  carefully  excavated.  It 
presented  the  appearance  of  havins 
been  hastily  walled  up  or  barricaded 
for  the  purpose  of  defence.  As  the 
entrances  were  defended  with  double 
doors  of  great  strength,  this  inner  wall 
was  probably  added  afler  their  de- 
struction, but  when  or  under  what 
circumstances  it  is  impossible  to  deter- 
mine. It  speaks  forcibly,  however,  of 
invasion,  and  of  battles  lost  and  won, 
such  as  the  lower  ban*icr  must  oflcn 
have  witnessed  in  the  days  of  Homers 
decline  and  fall.  The  guard-chambers 
are  well  preserved ;  on  the  side  wall 
of  one  of  them  is  a  phallus  cut  in  the 
stone ;  the  effluvium  from  animal  mat- 
ter with  which  those  rooms  were  filled 
is  still  oppressively  strong.  It  is  pro- 
bable that  the  station  was  occupied 
afler  the  departure  of  the  Romans, 
and  the  guard-rooms  used  as  recep- 
tacles for  refuse  of  all  kinds.  It  is 
very  easy  to  trace  the  course  of  the 
streets  running  from  east  to  west  and 
from  north  to  south,  and  the  remains 
of  buildings  cover  the  entire  area. 
What  these  may  be,  and  what  they 
may  contain,  it  is  useless  to  speculate 
on;  the  pickaxe  and  spade  are  the 
only  keys  that  can  unlock  the  buried 
treasures.  One  Roman  house  bos 
7 


however  survived  the  general  over- 
throw; the  external  walls  ^  renuun 
probably  almost  to  their  original  alti- 
tude, and  the  foundationa  of  the  in- 
ternal ones  are  distinct.  The  preser- 
vation of  this  rare  extant  example  of 
a  Roman  house  may  be  attributed  to 
its  having  been  found  useful  as  a 
sheepfold — a  purpose  it  has  appa- 
rently been  applied  to  for  centuries. 

Leaving  Housesteads  we  turned  to- 
wards the  south  to  visit  Chester- 
Holme,  the  site  of  Vindolana,  situated 
on  the  ancient  military  road,  at  a  con- 
siderable distance  from  the  wall.  A 
Roman  mile-stone  is  yet  standing  bj 
the  side  of  the  road,  and  numerous  in- 
scriptions and  sculptured  stones  are 
preserved  in  the  house  belonging  to 
the  late  Rev.  A.  Hedlepr,  who  made 
considerable  researches  m  the  station, 
and  collected  numerous  objects  of  an- 
tiquity, all  of  which,  except  the  in- 
scribed stones,  are  now  dispersed  and 
Erobably  lost  The  cottage  inhabited 
y  Mr.  Hedley,  its  offices  and  oat- 
houses,  are  all  built  of  stones  taken 
from  the  station.  Many  of  them  have 
belonged  to  edifices  of  importance, 
and  these  are  carefully  wallea  up,  and 
saved  at  least  from  any  immediate 
danger.  Inscriptions  found  here  men- 
tion the  fourth  cohort  of  the  Gauls, 
corresponding  as  in  other  instances 
with  the  order  of  the  Notitia. 

As  inns  are  but  seldom  to  be  met 
with  in  the  wall  district,  it  is  important 
for  the  traveller  to  know^  that  one 
called  the  **  Twice  Brewed,**  about 
two  miles  from  Chester-Holme,  on 
the  roadside,  afibrds  good  thooffh 
homely  accommodation.  He  will  £• 
rive  an  additional  gratification  in 
knowing  that  here  Hutton  took  shelter 
in  company  with  fifteen  carriers,  and 
gathered  some  laughable  incidents  lor 
his  amusinff  if  not  very  antiquarian 
History  of^  the  Roman  Wall.  "  A 
more  dreary  country,**  writes  the 
octogenarian  pedestrian  as  he  Ap- 
proached the  **  Twice  Brewed,**  ^'than 
this  in  which  I  now  am,  can  scaroelT 
be  conceived.  I  do  not  wonder  it 
shocked  Camden.  The  country  itself 
would  frighten  him,  without  the 
troopers."  Dreary  the  country  doubt* 
less  IS,  but  it  is  not  the  dreanness  of 
monotony,  or  of  richer  tracts  of  land 
without  historical  associations.  The 
wall   now   exhibits  a  suooetnon  <^ 


1851.] 


Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  Watt. 


505 


changing  and  interesting  views,  and 
we  returned  eastward  from  the  "Twice 
Brewed,"  a  considerable  distance,  in 
order  to  secure  an  examination  of  the 
portion  we  had  divaricated  from  in 
visiting  Yindolana.  Crag  after  crag, 
rough  and  precipitous,  acclivities  steep 
and  apparently  insurmountable,  are  all 
traversed  equally.  In  no  stage  of  dif- 
ficulty or  danser  did  the  Roman  sol- 
diers turn  aside  from  their  task,  and 
up  steep  hills,  which  we  had  some  dif- 
ficultv  to  climb,  the  wall  is  as  carefully 
and  mmly  built  as  upon  level  ground ; 
the  materials  nowhere  differ;  the  whin 
rock,  or  stone  of  the  hills,  is  used  only  for 
the  body  of  the  work,  the  facing  stones 
arc  as  neatly  cut  as  usual,  and  brought 
as  usual  from  distant  quarries.  Pass- 
ing Milking-sap,  a  mue-castlc  called 
Castle-nick,  reel-crag,  Winshields- 
crag  (the  highest  spot  between  the  two 
seas),  and  Bloody-gap,  we  rested  at  a 
small  farm-house  at  Shield-on-the- 
wall.  On  the  south,  near  the  modem 
military  road,  are  two  large  stones, 
probably  the  remains  of  a  circle,  called  ' 
"  the  mare  and  foal.**  At  Bogle-hole, 
the  vallum  is  seen  inclining  towards 
the  wall  to  assist  in  defending  the 
pass.  This  is  one  of  the  many  similar 
adaptations  noticed  by  Mr.  Bruce,  in 
support  of  his  opinion  as  to  the  unity 
and  contemporaneous  origin  of  the 
fortifications.  The  wall  h£i  its  tradi- 
tions, and  spirits  are  still  supposed  to 
haunt  the  neighbourhood  oi  Bogle- 
hole.  In  our  walk  we  were  told  of 
the  hunter^s  dogs  turning  back  from 
the  pursuit  of  animals  which  were 
something  more  than  what  they  seemed 
to  be,  and  of  a  man  who  attempted  to 
ily  from  a  high  crag  and  was  killed. 
Our  informant  did  not  attribute  his 
fall  to  any  defect  in  the  provision  he 
had  made  for  his  flight,  but  solely 
from  his  having  neglected  to  make  an 
offering  of  barley-cake  to  the  rocks. 
Surely  there  lingers  in  this  story  a 
vestige  of  the  old  belief  which  assigned 
to  every  mountain  its  guardian  divi- 
nity, and  to  rivers,  woods,  and  fields, 
their  gods  and  goddesses. 

The  mile-castle  (castellum)  near 
Caw- fields  is  the  best  preserved  along 
the  line  of  the  wall,  and  has  been 
cleared  of  the  accumulated  earth  by 
order  of  its  owner,  Mr.  Clayton.  It 
is.  situated  on  a  gentle  slope,  the  great 
wall  forming  its  northern  boundary. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVL 


It  has  two  entrances,  of  great  strength, 
and  with  double  doors,  opposite  to  each 
other  on  the  north  and  south,  without 
any  postern  gate.  The  walls  are  from 
nine  to  upwards  of  ten  feet  thick,  and 
are  rounded  off  on  the  south.  Previous 
to  the  excavation  of  this  mile-castle  it 
was  doubtful  whether  there  were  open- 
ings from  them  through  the  wall.  On 
this  point  much  has  yet  to  be  deter- 
mined. In  this  castellum  was  found  a 
fragmentary  inscription  referring  to 
Hadrian  and  the  second  legion,  and,  I 
believe,  the  sepulchral  stone  of  the 
Pannonian  soldier,  of  a  much  later 
date,  previously  mentioned  as  pre- 
served at  Chesters.  Near  it  an  altar 
dedicated  to  Apollo  was  discovered  in 
the  summer  of  last  year. 

JEsica,  the  tenth  great  station,  now 
called  Great  Chesters,  may  justly  be 
said  to  be  buried  iu  its  own  ruins,  and, 
like  many  of  the  others,  has  never  been 
investigated.  Accident  has  brought  to 
light,  very  recently,  a  large  slab,  oear- 
ing  a  dedication  to  Adrian,  and, 
manj  years  since,  an  inscription  men- 
tioning the  rebuilding  of  a  granary  by 
a  cohort  of  the  Astures,  in  uie  reign  of 
Alexander  Severus.  It  affords  one  of 
many  similar  proofs  of  th^  permanent 
residence  of  particular  bodies  of  troops 
at  fixed  stations,  the  Astures  being 
located  at  .^ica,  according  to  the 
Notitia,  nearly  200  years  after  the 
date  of  this  monument.  The  descrip- 
tion of  the  watercourse  which  supphes 
iEsica  with  water,  and  its  long  cir- 
cuitous route,  forms  one  of  the  manj 
striking  features  in  Mr.  Bruce*s  vo- 
lume.   It  is  six  miles  in  length. 

Beyond  iBsica  a  second  mountain 
ridge  is  entered  upon.  The  defiles, 
gaps,  and  crags,  are  as  remarkable  as 
those  before  alluded  to,  and  the  Nine 
Nicks  of  Thirl  wall  are  perhaps  even 
still  more  precipitous,  broken,  and 
wildly  picturesque.  The  wall  too  is 
here  seen  in  larger  and  more  con- 
tinuous masses,  and  the  external  facing 
stones  are  preserved  in  many  places  to 
the  extent  of  ten  and  twelve  courses. 

Magna,  now  Canroran,  lies  about 
250  yards  to  the  south  of  the  wall 
and  vallum  near  the  village  of  Green- 
head.  The  site  is  elevated  ground, 
evidently  chosen  to  avoid  a  swampj 
fiat  nearer  the  wall.  The  area,  about 
four  acres  and  a  half,  is  entirely 
cultivated.  In  the  garden  of  the  farm- 

3T 


506 


Notes  of  a  Tour  along  the  Roman  WdlL 


[Nov. 


honse  are  nnmerons  fra^ents  of  archi- 
tecture, altars,  and  mutilated  inscribed 
stones,  which  have  as  yet  escaped  com- 
plete destruction.  One  of  the  altars  is 
mcribed  dco  •  belatvcadbo  •  votv  •  s  • ; 
another,  in  a  wall,  is  dedicated  to  the 
god  Veteres,  probably  the  Vithris  of  the 
north;  a  third,  much  weather-worn, 
seems  addressed  to  Jupiter,  Helius  and 
Rome. 

The  traveller  on  leaving  Carvoran 
will,  from  necessity,  rest  at  Glenwhilt, 
a  village  at  no  great  distance  on  the 
line  of  the  Newcastle  and  Carlisle 
railway.  He  will  then  be  prepared 
to  encounter  the  somewhat  dimcuit  ac- 
cess to  Birdoswald,  ( Amhoglanna^) 
one  of  the  noblest  of  the  stations  of 
the  wall.  To  avoid  a  very  circuitous 
route  the  river  Irthing  must  be  forded, 
and  the  steep  banks  of  a  ravine  covered 
with  thickets  and  underwood  must  be 
surmounted.  Under  the  most  favour- 
able circumstances  this  is  a  serious 
task.  With  us  it  was  rendered  more 
formidable  by  the  rain,  and,  had  not  our 
fearless  ^ide  animated  us  by  example, 
we  should  possibly  have  remembered 
the  warning  precept  of  Hodgson,  that 
**  the  attempt  is  very  dangerous,  and 
should  never  be  tried  by  those  whose 
life  and  existence  are  in  any  way  usc- 
fiil."  The  site  of  the  station  is  one  of 
great  natural  strength,  as  on  every 
side  except  the  west  it  is  protected  by 
deep  scars  and  inland  cliffs,  and  by 
the  detour  of  the  Irthing.  Amboglanna 
was  the  head  quarters  of  the  first  co- 
hort of  the  Dacians,  styled  JElia^  pro- 
bably in  compliment  to  Hadrian,  and 
subsequently  termed  in  addition,  Ox)r' 
diana,  from  the  Emperor  Gordian,  and 
Tetriciana  from  Tetricus  the  success- 
ful usurper  in  Britain  and  Gaul  in 
the  time  of  Claudius  Gothicua  and 
Aurelian.  Numerous  inscriptions  re- 
cording this  cohort  have  been  dug  up 
in  and  about  the  station.  One  is 
built  up  in  the  wall  of  the  farm-house 
within  the  area,  and  fragments  of 
others  arc  lying  about  the  garden. 
Most  of  these  are  dedications  to  Jupi- 
ter. Others  record  the  second  and 
sixth  legions.  We  were  gratified  with 
the  sight  of  a  fine  niece  of  sculpture 
three  feet  high,  in  tne  farm-house,  re- 
presenting one  of  the  Deo;  Matres, 
The  goddess  is  represented  seated  in 
a  chair  and  covered  with  drapery,  the 
folds  of  which  are  very  elaborately 
worked;  the  hands,  wmch  probably 


held  a  basket  of  fruit,  and  tin  head, 
have  been  broken  off.  But  liiice  our 
return  Mr.  Bruce  has  found  the  hetd 
in  the  possession  of  a  person  at  New- 
castle, and  a  hope  may  now  be  enter- 
tained that  head  and  body  will  be 
be  united  in  the  museum  of  the  anti- 

3uaries  of  Pans  JElii.  It  is  not  cre- 
itable  to  private  individuals  to  ab- 
stract solelv  for  their  own  gratifica- 
tion that  which  bv  right  and  reason 
belongs  to  the  public.  Butunforta- 
nately  there  are  hundreds  of  Roman 
monuments  found  along  the  line  of 
the  wall  which  have  been  carried  away 
from  the  places  where  they  were  dis- 
covered, and  rendered  totally  inacces- 
sible to  the  artist  and  to  the  antiquary. 
It  is  also  to  be  noticed  that  persons 
who  for  a  mere  selfish  object  cany  off 
antiquities  are  the  last  to  communicate 
notices  to  the  proper  quarters  where 
records  would  be  made  of  the  dis- 
coveries for  the  use  of  those  whose 
tastes  and  acquirements  quali^  them 
to  appreciate  the  true  value  of  works 
of  antient  art.  The  remains  at  Bird- 
oswald are,  comparatively,  wdl  pre- 
served, and  the  arrangement  of  tiie 
camp,  together  with  the  position  of  tiie 
streets  and  buildinss,  can  yet  be  wdl 
understood,  encumbered  as  they  are 
with  earth  and  their  own  ruins.  For 
some  distance  westward  of  Birdos- 
wald the  wall  is  in  excellent  con- 
dition, but  as  Carlisle  and  the  west- 
em  extremity  are  ai^proached  it  be- 
comes more  and  more  indistinct,  and 
is  in  many  places  entirely  destroyed. 
The  antiquary,  however,  will  never 
find  a  dearth  of  materiols.  The  ffreat 
barrier  itself  has  been  pillaged  by 
everybody,  from  the  Government  down 
to  the  humble  tenant  of  a  few  acres, 
and  its  substance  is  now  in  high  roads, 
churches,  farm-houses,  and  cottaffes. 
But  an  extraordinary  number  of  viuu- 
able  monuments  have  escaped  the 
hands  of  the  plunderers,  and  are  to 
be  found  in  private  collections  along 
the  site  of  the  wall  and  its^pendaces. 
Some  I  have  mentioned.  The  chia  of 
those  which  belons  to  the  western 
extremity  of  the  wiul  are  at  Lanereost 
Priory  and  at  Mr.  Senhouse*8  near 
Marvport.  Besides  the  great  stations, 
to  which,  in  this  brief  notice,  I  have 
referred,  there  are  others  both  north 
and  south  of  the  wall  not  less  interest- 
ing, and  abounding  in  sculptures  and 
inscriptions.  We  were  only  able  tOTisit 


1851.] 


Correspotutence  of  Syhanus  Vrhtm. 


507 


one  of  these,  called  Old  Carlisle,  about 
two  miles  from  Wigton.  It  is  supposed 
to  be  the  Roman  CHenacumf  but  the 
confirmation  of  inscriptions  is  wanted 
to  support  this  appropriation.  Among 
the  remains  from  this  station  which  are 
preserved  b^  Miss  Matthews,  of  Wig- 
ton,  we  noticed  an  altar  dedicated  to 
Jupiter  and  Vulcan,  for  the  health  of 
the  emperor  Grordian,  which  appears 
to  me  to  be  unpublished ;  and  the  fol- 
lowing curious  specimen  of  orthogra- 
phy : — TANCORIX  MVLIEB  VIG8IT  AITIIOS 

segsaointa: — **Tancorix^  a  woman; 
she  lived  sixty  vers."  The  memorial 
is  also  remarkable  for  the  mode  adopted 
to  express  the  sex  of  Tancorix,  a  j3ri- 
tish  or  Gaulish  name,  which  from  its 
termination  would  have  been  consi- 
dered masculine. 

I  have  in  this  slight  sketch  only  been 
able  to  allude  to  the  inscriptions  which 
have  strewed  the  ground  from  Bow- 
ness  to  Wallsend.  They  form  a  chap- 
ter in  the  history  of  our  country  which 
has  been  but  Uttle  consulted  by  the 
historical  antiquary,  and  is  altogether 
unknown  to  the  public  in  aeneral. 
Keferring  for  the  present  to  the  most 
limited  range  of  tnese  records,  I  may 
observe  that  they  very  clearly  explain 
the  origin  of  the  wall  itself,  and 
settle  the  questions  which  have  so 
long  been  raised  as  to  its  date.  Thev 
prove  that  to  ELadrian  this  honour  is 


due,  and  that  Severus,  who  has  shared 
the  credit  with  Hadrian,  did  nothing 
more  than  repair  the  fortresses  and 
the  public  buddings  which  had  be- 
come dilapidated ;  that  Hadrian  brought 
together  for  this  work  the  entire  nmi- 
tary  force  of  the  province,  and  that 
the  British  states  or  communities  also 
contributed  workmen.  The  mytho- 
logy of  the  wall,  as  shewn  by  in- 
scriptions, is  another  highly  interesting 
subject  of  inquiry.  We  find  a  consi- 
derable number  of  deities,  apparently 
both  of  Celtic  and  Teutonic  parentage, 
incorporated  with  the  well-known  gods 
and  goddesses  of  Greece  and  Rome ; 
and  topical  divinities,  whose  influence 
was  restricted  to  particular  localitiesy 
are  also  very  numerous.  The  latter 
seem  to  have  held  an  intermediate 
place,  and  to  have  exercised  a  media- 
torial or  connecting  relation  between 
the  higher  gods  and  their  worshippers, 
and  every  where  we  trace  marks  of 
the  popularity  in  which  they  were 
held.*  But  it  is  rather  singu&r  that 
in  no  instance  do  we  recognise  any 
monument  or  inscription  bearing  re- 
ference to  Christianity;  a  &ct  wnichy 
coupled  with  a  similar  void  in  the  early 
monuments  of  the  south  of  Britaioy 
tends  to  induce  us  to  place  the  gjeneral 
difiusion  of  the  gospel  in  Britain  at  • 
much  later  date  tnan  is  commonly 
assigned. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OP  SYLVANUS  URBAN. 

Ramblef)  in  Qermany  (ProfiBHor  Pftalu»->Hi8torical  aasodatioiis  of  Spirw— WoricB  of  art  In  pvogftas  st 
8pirc»  cathedral— German  railway*— Peaoeftil  indtutrj  of  the  people)— R(^  Tities  of  povage 
Who  first  suggested  the  humane  treatment  of  Lunattcs— St.  Pierre  ?— Device  of  Star  or  8wi  aat 
Crescent— The  true  use  of  Heraldry,  with  suggestions  to  the  Heralds— Meaning  of  the  wort  **  Whl^ 
flcr"— "  The  Nicholas  of  the  Tower"  not  a  Bristol  ship— Old  Market-croM  at  Sedbargli  In  Torkdriiv. 


Ramblbs  in  Gbbm amy. 

place  at  Heidelberg  on  the  1 1th.  He  was 
mterred  on  the  IStn  In  the  new  cemetery. 
Nobody  seems  to  bare  known  how  nmt 
he  was  to  his  end.    He  wis  witMn  time 


Heidelberg,  Aug,  IS.f 
Mr.  Urban,-*-!  closed  my  last  com- 
munication with  a  brief  mention  of  the 
death  of  Professor  Panlos,  whidi  took 

'*'  A  monument  of  this  class,  found  on  the  Une  of  the  wall  near  Burgh  by  Sands,  bu 
been  communicated  to  me  by  my  friend  Mr.  Rooke,  of  Wigton,  since  my  retank  It 
reada  : 

M ATRI * 
D  •  O  •  M  • 

V  •  b  •  X  • 

▼I  • 
Matribus  Domesticis,  Vezillatio.  leg.  ri. 
It  has  been  noticed,  I  see,  by  Hodgson. 
t  This  letter  was  delayed  by  some  mistake  in  the  pott-ottoo  fSor  B«arly  a  meMllk^KD« 


508 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


[l4ov- 


weeks  of  entering  his  91  st  year,  and, 
having  long  withdrawn  from  publiclife,  was 
spoken  of  as  of  the  dead.  To  do  him 
honour  at  the  last,  however,  seemed  to  be 
the  common  desire.  All  parties,  Catholic, 
Protestant,  university-men  and  townsmen, 
united  on  the  occasion,  and  the  attend- 
ance at  the  funeral  was  one  of  the  largest 
Heidelberg  ever  witnessed.  It  seemed  as 
if  every  feeling  was  merged  in  respect  for 
a  character  of  most  undeviating  honesty 
and  adherence  to  conviction.  Whether 
his  extreme  rationalistic  views  had  under- 
gone any  modification  I  know  not.  The 
Protestant  clergyman  who  delivered  one 
of  the  funeral  addresses  dwelt  with  peculiar 
emphasis  on  his  conscientious  adherence 
to  duty,  and  his  unshrinking  warfare 
against  whatever  power  might  attempt  to 
enslave  the  human  mind.  ''  La  raison 
finira  par  avoir  raison,**  was  his  motto, 
written  with  his  own  hand,  thirteen  years 
before,  under  the  picture  of  himself.  The 
prayers,  addresses,  and  funeral  hymns 
were  all  beautiful  and  impressive,  and 
seem  to  have  powerfully  affected  the  by- 
standers. By  and  by,  we  of  course  shall 
have,  from  the  hands  of  some  one  to  whom 
the  professor  was  well-known,  a  memoir 
which  will  enable  us  to  form  a  judgment 
of  his  whole  mind  and  thoughts,  vigorous 
and  clear  to  the  last.  Till  wc  have  it,  we 
know  not  the  mental  history  of  his  later 
days.  One  thing  is  unquestionable — 
that  he  clung  with  earnestness  to  the  hope 
of  immortality,  and  claimed  discipleship 

with  the  Saviour. 

*  *  *  * 

Spires,  Aug,  24. 
I  am  heartily  glad  to  have  visited  the 
ancient  city  of  Spires,  although  tlie  present 
state  of  its  cathedral  (next  to  Cologne  the 
largest  in  Germany)  *  is  not  favourable 
for  observation.  Wc  had  seen  its  two 
towers,  with  the  large  massive  building  to 
which  they  belong,  rising  in  the  distance, 
whenever  wc  mounted  the  higher  hills 
near  Heidelberg,  and  they  brought  to  our 
minds  some  of  our  most  interesting  early 
readings  in  hLstory.  It  is  hardly  wrong 
to  call  Spires  cathedral  the  St.  Denis  of 
Germany, for  with  no  other  building  are  the 
images  of  imperial  power  and  death  more 
connected.  Founded  by  Conrad  II.  in 
1030,  as  a  place  of  burial  for  himself  and 
his  descendants,  and  completed  with  that 
view  by  his  son  and  grandson.  After  these 
three,  receiving  the  mortal  spoils  of  Henry 
V.  last  of  the  Salique  dynasty,  then  of 
Philip  of  Suabia,  of  Rhodolph  of  Ilaps- 


burg,  Adolphos  of  Nassau,  and  Albert  I. 
of  Austria,  to  say  nothing  of  many  other 
naoSes  of  royal  renown,  it  has  come  down 
to  us  with  the  double  interest  of  being  the 
scene  in  which  St.  Bernard  of  Clairranx 
preached  in  1146  the  second  cnisade» 
and  that  in  which,  363  years  later,  that 
"  Protest ''  was  issued  against  the  decree 
of  Charles  V.  and  the  Diet  which  gaTe 
rise  to  the  name  of  Protettant. 

I  knew  from  various  authorities  that  no 
city  in  Germany  had  been  more  victimised 
by  war  and  revolution  than  Spirea.  Hie 
atrocities  of  Tilly ,  and  later,  those  of  Melac, 
perpetrated  in  1688  at  Heidelberg,  aeem 
to  have  been  even  exceeded  at  Spires  in 
the  following  year.  For  three  days  and 
three  nights  the  bUzing  city  illnminated 
the  neighbouring  country.  Not  eon- 
tent  even  with  the  process  of  fire,  the 
French  generals  kept  their  miners  oon* 
stantly  at  work  blowing  up  the  principal 
edifices,  dismantling  the  cathedral,  uid 
casting  the  dust  of  emperors  to  tlie  winds. 
Even  then  Spires  might  have  revived ;  Imt 
other  foes  appeared.  In  1 794  the  luckless 
city,  which  had  fallen  after  six  different 
assaults,  was  given  up  to  pillage  and  de- 
struction by  the  revolutionary  armj  of 
France. 

Knowing  all  this,  I  went  to  Spires  with 
moderate  expectations,  and  must  own 
that  what  I  saw,  with  the  exception  of 
what  is  under  accomplishment  at  the  ca- 
thedral, was  as  uninteresting  and  do- 
pressing  as  it  was  possible  to  have  imagioedi 
The  town  is  to  the  last  degree  lifeless  and 
dull — a  silence,  as  of  the  grave,  surrovands 
the  vast,  dark,  heavy  mass  of  the  cathedral. 
No  where,  except  from  the  river,  do  you 
obtain  a  good  view  of  even  this  one 
building,  which  stands  as  in  a  neglected 
grove  of  tall  yet  not  handsome  trees,  and, 
if  you  have  not  been  made  aware  of  what 
is  going  on  within — if  you  only  look  up  at 
that  huge,  dull,  red  cavernous  structure 
looming  over  you — you  will  say  the  city 
and  the  church  are  suited  to  one  another, 
and  both  better  fitted  for  the  dead  than 
the  living.  But  enter : — you  can,  it  ia 
true,  form  but  a  very  imperfect  idea  of  its 
vast  proportions,  for  a  glance  within  the 
screen  put  up  to  divide  the  nave  from  the 
choir  only  shows  you  a  perfect  net-work 
of  ladders,  scaffoldings,  temporary  stair- 
cases, and  painters'  platforms.  At  first 
you  discern  nothing  but  these,  with  their 
due  complement  of  dust  and  dirt;  but 
you  are  permitted  to  look  a  little  Author, 
to  ascend  one  of  the  temporary  standinf- 


*  The  relative  proportions  of  the  two  cathedrals  are  these — 

Cologne.  Spires. 

Extreme  length    .    .    511  feet.  Elxtreme  length     . 

Width 231  feet.  Width  ^cAotr.    . 


446  feet 
178  feet 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvantts  Urban, 


509 


places,  and  there  you  behold,  far  above 
yoQ,  beautiful  forms  and  bright  colours 
growing  on  the  walls.  You  are  told  that 
the  whole  enormous  nave  is  to  be  co- 
vered with  **  Scenes  from  the  life  of  the 
Virgin."  A  Protestant's  first  thought 
is,  *'  How  will  they  ever  find  or  imagine 
enough  to  cover  the  page  of  that  great 
book  ?  What  has  the  quiet  and  modest 
mother  of  Our  Lord  done  to  *  mark  the 
marble '  of  this  mighty  shrine  all  over 
with  her  name  and  deeds  ?"  But  he  re- 
members the  prolific  marvels  of  legendary 
lore,  and  finds  the  tablet,  vast  as  it  is, 
not  larger  tha&  tradition  may  fill.  The 
windows  too  are  becoming  rich  with 
gilding,  and  there  seems  likely  to  be  a 
blue  heaven  spangled  with  stars,  and  when 
dooe  it  will  unquestionably  be  sumptuous 
in  the  highest  degree.  This  ex-king  of 
Bavaria  will  at  all  events  not  be  forgotten. 
It  is  impossible  not  to  feel  struck  with 
admiration  at  the  princely  magnificence  of 
his  works,  for  now  we  are  admitted  into 
the  portion  of  the  edifice  which  U  com- 
pleted as  fiir  as  the  frescoes  are  concerned, 
namely,  into  the  superior  choir,  which  is 
in  use  for  public  worship.  Here  are  some 
beautiful  frescoes  by  the  two  Schraudolphs, 
Munich  artists.  The  painter's  design  is 
to  appropriate  the  nave,  as  we  have  above 
said,  to  the  Virgin,  while  the  southern  part 
of  the  cross  will  give  the  history  of  St. 
Bernard,  and  the  northern  that  of  St. 
Stephen.  The  coronation  of  the  Virgin 
will  occupy  the  recess  of  the  choir.  The 
whole,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  completed  in 
1855.» 

Two  pedestals  intended  for  statues 
occupy  conspicuous  places  not  far  from 
the  high  altar.  We  did  not  clearly  un- 
derstand whether  they  are  to  receive  the 
fine  statues  of  Rodolph  of  Hapsburg  by 
Schwanthaler,  and  of  Adolphe  of  Nassau 
by  Ohnmacht  of  Strasburg.  Both  these 
are  completed,  and  both  are  praised  by 
high  authorities,  but  for  the  present  neither 
is  exhibited.  We  afterwards  saw  in  the 
crypt  the  ancient  tumular  stone  executed 
under  the  orders  of  Rodolph  in  his  life- 
time,   bearing   his    effigy  in    bas-relief. 


Schwanthaler  has  carefully  imitated  the 
figure,  an  authenticated  portrait  likeness. 
The  original  stone  bears  the  inscription 
"  A.  D.  MCCXII.  mense  Julio  in  die 
divisionis  Aplorum  (15  July)  Rudolphus 
de  Hapsburg,  Romanorum  Rex,  anno  regni 
sui  XVIII." 

Most  readers  of  history  have,  I  be- 
lieve, a  hero.  Accidental  associations 
often  awaken  enthusiasm  for  some  con- 
spicuous soldier  or  statesman — very  often, 
the  simple  circumstance  of  the  life  be- 
ing entertaining  and  full  of  adventure  is 
quite  enough.  However  it  may  be,  I 
am  always  glad  not  to  have  my  idols 
demolished  by  time  and  reason,  if  the 
object  of  admiration  bears  the  test  of 
sober  inquiry.  And  thus  it  is  with  Ro- 
dolph of  Hapsburg.  He  is  to  me  more  and 
more  a  marvellous  man — a  light  shining 
in  a  dark  place.  In  one  only  point  does 
he  seem  to  me  to  rank  below  our  own 
Alfred,  in  his  ignorance  of  letters ;  yet 
this  does  but  perhaps  the  more  enhance 
the  wonder  of  his  gentle  and  courteous 
heroism,  and  of  the  sensible  opinions  he 
entertained  respecting  the  value  of  acqui- 
sitions he  had  himself  been  unable  to  make. 
His  respect  for  learning  and  art  was  ample* 
When  the  Strasburg  citizen  brought  him 
a  present  of  an  ancient  MS.  his  reward 
was  princely,  sufficiently  so  to  excite  the 
murmurs  of  his  troops.  The  complunt 
reached  Rodolph's  ears — '*  My  friends," 
said  he,  *'  be  content.  Let  men  of  learning 
be  our  inspirers.  Would  that  1  had  time 
for  their  works,  and  conld  give  their  au- 
thors some  of  the  means  I  am  obliged  to 
throw  away  on  my  knights."  In  an  age 
like  Rodolph's  it  is  rare  indeed  to  lUMt 
with  so  just  an  appreciation  of  good 
men.  Scourge  of  the  Church  when  she 
outstepped  her  province,  and  unsparing 
scourge  too  of  the  tyrannical  nobles,  he  yet 
maintained  worship  and  order,  and  subor- 
dination and  law.  "  His  very  name  was 
a  terror  to  the  bad,  a  joy  to  the  op- 
pressed people.  The  peasant  returned  to 
his  plough,  the  merchant  went  tlm>ngh 
the  land  in  security,  and  robbers  and  ban- 
ditti hid  themselves  in  coverts."      He 


*  I  am  now  enabled  to  give  the  titles  of  the  proposed  series  of  frescoes  in  the  nave* 
which  answer  only  in  part  to  the  description  above  given: — 1.  Creation  of  Eve ;  2. 
Fall  of  Man  ;  3.  Noah's  Thank-oifering— the  Rainbow;  4.  Abraham's  Vision ;  5.  The 
burning  Bush — emblem  of  the  Virgin  Mother ;  6.  The  Prophecy  of  Isaiah,  vii.  14 ; 
7.  Birth  of  the  Virgin ;  8.  Mary  overshadowed  by  the  presence  of  Gk>d  in  the  Temple ; 
9.  The  Marriage  of  Joseph  and  Mary  ;  10.  The  Messiqro  of  the  Angel  to  Mary  ;  11. 
Visit  of  Mary  to  Elizabeth  ;  12.  Birth  of  Jesus ;  13.  Circumcision ;  14.  "Vfiat  Men's 
Ofiering;  15.  Simeon's  Prophecy ;  16.  Flight  into  Egypt;  17.  Mary  finds  Jesus  in 
the  Temple;  18.  Jesus  subject  to  his  Parents  at  Nazareth;  19.  Death  of  Joseph; 
20.  Marriage  of  Cana;  21.  Jesus  in  the  Synagogue;  22.  Crucifixion;  23.  Appear- 
ance of  the  Risen  Saviour  to  his  Mother ;  24.  Descent  of  the  Holy  Ghoet.— 20th 
October,  1851. 


510 


Cot^refpondehce  ofSyUnmui  Urhim. 


[Kov. 


loved  peace,  yet  was  great  in  war,  was  firm 
in  affliction,  gentle  in  prosperity.  Few, 
▼ery  few,  princes  of  the  earth  have,  on  the 
whole,  deserved  imperishable  renown  more 
than  Rodolph  of  Hapsburg. 

Perhaps  the  sight  of  the  original  and 
venerable  monument  of  this  great  man 
did  more  than  anything  else  to  strengthen 
in  our  minds  a  doubt  about  these  substi- 
tutions of  new  for  old,  rather  than  reno- 
vations of  the  old,  which  are  going  on  in 
many  places  besides  Spires.     Of  the  long 
line  of  sculptured  figures  resting  in  the 
crypts  and  compartments  of  St.   Denis, 
whatever  pains  may  have  been  taken  to 
trace  out  the  original  figures  or  to  imitate 
the  costume  of  the  reign  under  which  the 
monarch  lived,  or  even  to  bring  flrom  a 
distance  real  monuments,  there  is  scarcely 
an  impression  of  sacred ness,  because  no- 
where is  there  a  feeling  of  the  genuine 
and  veritable.     We  say  not  that  respect 
or  desire  to  repair  the  outrages  of  the  past 
may  not  most  justly  be  exercised  in  pro- 
ducing a  series  of  kingly  monuments  like 
these  ;  we  only  speak  of  the  feelings  they 
awaken.     We  should  ourselves  have  pre- 
ferred the  very  tomb  and  likeness  of  Ro- 
dolph of  Hapsburg  which  his  own  workman 
had  executed  at  his  own  order,  snd  designed 
for  this  cathedral,  to  any  modern  monu- 
ment.    By  all  means  let  a  statue  be  raised 
to  his  honour  by  Louis  of  Bavaria  some- 
where; but,  for  ourselves,  we  would  rather 
it  were  among  the  great  men  of  Munich, 
or  anywhere  rather  than  here.     Can  any- 
thing compensate  for  the  removal  of  an- 
cient   inscriptions    or   figures  from   the 
walls  of  old  cathedrals  ?     Surely  frescoes, 
and  gilding,  and  all  the  rich  accompani- 
ments which  modem  art  may  introduce, 
should  be  allowed  or  not  in  such  struc- 
tures pretty  much  according  as  they  can 
be  brought  to  harmonize  with  what  is  es- 
sentially of  unique  and  high  historic  value. 
When  once  these  treasures  of  time  have  to 
be  cleared  away  because  they  will  look  out  of 
keeping  with  blues  and  reds  and  yellows  on 
your  walls,  you  arc  surely  sacrificing  what 
is  sacred  in  the  past  to  what  is  agreeable 
to  your  own  eye.     This,  of  course,  has 
nothing  to  do  with  the  pious  duty  of  re- 
storation and  reparation.     Any  one  who 
has  seen  the  exquisite  taste  and  care  with 
which  the  repairs  of  Ely  cathedral    arc 
conducting,  the  anxiety  to  preserve,  the 
scrupulosity  in  supplymg  the  mutilated 
parts,   will  know  what  we  mean ;    but 
when  this  mighty  picture-book  at  Spires 
is  completed,  much  as  there  will  doubtless 
be  to  admire,  we  would  not  exchange  the 
presiding  spirit  of  Ely  for  all  the  glories 
of  the  German  cathedral. 

By  and  by  the  neglected  gardens  in 
which  this  building  stands  will  doubtless 


be  put  in  order ;  at  present  they  perCake 
of  the  melancholy  character  of  the  towiu 
One  very  singular  erection  there  it  near  the 
western  entrance,  the  meaniog  of  which 
was  at  first  unintelligible,  though  it  after* 
wards  dimly  dawned  upon  ns,  and  ovr 
coigectures  were  right.  It  is  thejraBudna 
of  a  chapel  which  formerly  stood  In  the 
long-destroyed  cloister,  and  was  intended 
as  a  representation  of  the  Gkurden  of  Gkftb- 
semane.  It  contains  tome  broken  colnmni^ 
within  which  is  a  heaped-np  atmctwo  of 
rock  and  stone,  the  stones  here  and  then 
sculptured  with  representations  of  planta^ 
leaves,  flowers,  and  creeping  animi^,  aa 
serpents,  &c.  Among  these  are  aeen  the 
figures  of  the  sleeping  DisciplM,  a  good 
deal  mutilated,  and  the  trunk  of  a  bodr, 
supposed  to  be  that  of  our  Saviour.  TUi 
singular  group,  and  the  whole  of  the  acoom* 
paniments,  are  said  to  haTC  been  ereeted  in 
the  year  1411.  Near  them  is  an  immenaa 
stone  reservoir  or  fountain,  which  in  old 
time  was  placed  on  the  borders  of  the  pre- 
cincts of  the  cathedral,  marking  tlie  bonnda 
of  the  sanctuary,  and  defining  the  liaaita 
of  ecclesiastical  sway.  This,  when  a  bWMw 
WAS  to  be  elected,  it  was  enstomary  to  ftU 
with  wine ;  and,  while  the  bishop  awora 
to  respect  the  rights  of  the  oitiaena,  the 
citizens  pledged  him  in  wine  drawn  flrom 
this  reservoir,  or  **  DenuMq^/*." 

There  will  doubtless  be  more  and  mora 
traffic  across  this  long-deserted  part  of 
the  country  now  that  the  railroad  of  the 
palatinate  passes  through  Spires,  and  eape- 
cially  when  it  is  finished  tlie  whole  wav 
from  Maycnce  to  Metz,  passing  throagn 
the  rich  coal  districts  of  Bexhach  and 
Sarrebrook.  Towns  are  rising,  and  much 
industrial  occupation  is  going  on,  on  either 
side  of  this  railwav,  which  will  also  be 
united  at  Nancy  with  tlie  Straabnrg  and 
Paris  line  ;  and  when  the  connecting  link 
between  Nancy  and  Bar-le-Doo  is  aop- 
plied,  the  English  traveller  bound  nr 
Switzerland  and  Italy  who  may  happen 
to  have  grown  tired  of  the  BLhine  will 
find  bis  journey  much  abridged.  Twelve 
hours  will  bring  him  from  Paris  to  OUea 
burg,  and  two  or  three  more  will  take  Uaa 
to  Basle.  By  the  way  the  glorious  cathe- 
dral of  Rheims  will  be  open  to  him,  and 
he  will  find  himself  making  aoqnaintanoe 
with  a  French  interior  wliich  is  not  aa  jel 
by  any  means  familiar  to  tlie  ooanaen 
tourist.  That  it  will  be  oomparaUe  In 
interest  to  the  Belgian  lines,  ooapled  and 
diversified  by  the  river  paaaagCi  and  after* 
wards  by  the  charming  Baden  raihrayi  I 
will  not  say,  bat  it  will  present  many  ooa* 
veniences  to  those  who  are  preaainf  on  to 
a  distant  point.  Onr  Fienoh  fHeada,  in- 
deed, if  we  were  only  to  jndge  hj  Ike 
Chemin  de  Per  du  Nord,  de  not  cere  t« 


185L] 


Corr0spond€nc0  of  Sylvantu  Urban. 


611 


expend  one  particle  of  taste  on  their  rail- 
ways. Compare  the  miserable  hovels 
which  they  call  stations  with  the  beautiful, 
pictnresqne  buildings  adorning  the  line  of 
the  palatinate,  the  Frankfort  and  the 
Baden  lines,  and  the  difference  is  most 
striking.  We  were  nerer  weary  of  ad- 
miring the  well-proportioned,  well-built 
stations  of  Germany,  enwreathed  with  rich 
twining  plants  and  surrounded  by  flower- 
gardens.  It  is  true  that  a  worrying  Eng- 
lishman, who  is  seldom  satisfied  unless  he 
is  flying  in  an  express  train  across  the 
country,  would  complain  of  the  slowness 
and  frequent  stoppages  on  most  of  the 
German  lines.  To  us,  the  feeling  that  life 
and  safety  are  prime  oonsiderationt  was  a 
very  satisfactory  exchange  for  this  extreme 
of  rapidity.  Nobody  gets  on  quickly  in 
Germany,  and  nobody  seems  to  be  in  a 
hurry;  but  there  is  a  very  comfortable 
idea  prevailing  that  life  and  limbs  are 
worth  more  than  speed.  I  really  do  not 
believe  that  the  contracts  you  enter  upon 
there  imply  that  you  and  your  fellow-pas- 
sengers are  to  be  whirled  through  the  air 
and  through  all  sorts  of  chances  in  a  given 
time  ai  all  wentSf  but  only  that  you  are 
to  go  through  your  journey,  depending  on 
the  conscientious  regard  of  the  German 
mind  to  accuracy  of  time  in  subordination 
to  the  idea  of  pradence.  They  have  time 
to  be  civil,  too,  these  railway  people ;  and 
their  care,  by  frequent  inquiry  and  exa- 
mination of  tickets,  in  the  least  imperious 
manner  possible,  that  you  should  not  mis- 
take your  line,  is  quite  exemplary.  If 
you  lose  yourself,  and  even  if  you  lose 
your  baggage^  I  think  it  is  scarcely  pos- 


sible the  fault  can  rest  with  these  oarefiil 

and  methodical  people. 

♦  *  ♦  « 

Sept.  26. 
Even  as  we  travel  along,  easily  and  com- 
modiously,  compassed  about  with  comforts, 
how  often  has  it  come  into  my  mind  to 
hail  with  joy  our  victories  over  the  past, 
while  yet  one  rejoices  with  trembling  ?  It 
is  impossible,  I  think,  to  traverse  thia 
great  plain  of  the  Rhine  without  blessing 
Heaven  that  its  inhabitants  are  now  at 
peace,  and  praying  that  they  may  remain 
so.  When  you  see  the  earnest  industry 
of  these  people— generally  speaking,  their 
contented,  blameless,  praiseworthy,  do- 
mestic lives,— ^very  small  patch  of  ground 
cultivated,  yet  all  lying  so  defenceless  and 
open  to  tlie  eye  and  hand  of  the  spoUer,^- 
you  cannot  but  regard  the  poor  peasantry 
as  sheep  dwelling  in  the  midst  of  powerful 
masters,  who  have  themselves  but  to  listen 
to  the  voice  of  personal  ambition,  or  any 
other  of  the  appeals  to  which  rulers  are  so 
prone  to  hearken,  and  these  fidr  fielda 
may  be  desolated  in  a  night,  by  neighbour! 
to  whom  the  cultivators  have  given  no 
kind  of  provocation,  with  whom,  indeed, 
they  have  lived  side  by  .side  in  amity  and 
peace.  Looking  at  the  fate  of  former 
flourishing  cities,  too— looking  at  Spires, 
and  Worms,  and  Heidelberg,— how  muidi 
is  there  to  take  us  off  firom  the  wild  ad- 
miration of  military  deeds,  and  to  establish 
more  and  more  in  our  hearts  the  love  and 
hope  of  a  time  of  long  rest,  and  peaceful 
conquest  over  ignorance  and  bad  passions  I 

Yours,  &c.    T. 


Royal  Titles  of  Pbiraob. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  preparing  a  memoir 
upon  the  descent  of  the  Earldom  of  Glou- 
cester, which  I  presented  to  the  recent 
meeting  of  the  Archaeological  Institute  at 
Bristol,  I  was  led  to  inquire  in  what  man- 
ner that  title, — after  having  been  enjoyed 
by  Joan  of  Acre,  daughter  of  King  Edward 
the  First,  and,  with  the  higher  dignity  of 
Duke,  by  Thomas  of  Woodstock  son  of 
King  Edward  the  Thu*d,  by  Humphrey  of 
Lancaster  son  of  King  Henry  the  Fourth, 
by  Richard  brother  to  King  Edward  the 
Fourth,  by  Henry  the  youngest  son  of 
King  Charles  the  First,  and  by  William 
nephew  of  King  William  the  Third,— has 
lastly  been  conferred  upon  members  of 
our  present  reigning  house  of  Brunswick - 
Lunenburg. 

In  his  Synopsis  of  the  Peerage,  Sir 
Harris  Nicolas  states  at  p.  270  that 
Frederick-Lewis,  eldest  son  of  George 
Prince  of  Wales,  was  created  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  Jan.  10,  1717,  and  Baron 
Snaudon  in  Wales,  Viscount  Launceston, 


CO.  Cornwall,  Earl  of  Eltham,  co.  Kenfti 
Marquess  of  the  Isle  of  Ely,  oo.  Cam- 
bridge, and  Duke  of  Edinburgh^  in  1736. 
The  title  of  "Gloucester''  is  also  attri- 
buted to  Frederick- Lewis,  under  the  heads 
<'  Princes  of  Wales  ''  and  <*  Edinburgh,** 
in  the  same  work ;  and  Sir  Harris  Nioolas 
presumes  that  George- William-Frederick, 
afterwards  King  Greorge  the  Third,  suc- 
ceeded his  father  as  Duke  of  Gloucester. 

The  statement  respecting  the  creation 
of  1717  appears  to  have  been  derived  by 
Sir  Harris  Nicolas  firom  the  Rev.  Paid 
Wright's  edition  of  Heylyn's  Help  to 
English  History,  (8vo.  1773,)  where  at  p. 
S45  we  read  that  **  Frederick-Lewis,  after- 
wards Prince  of  Wales,  was  created  Doke 
of  Gloucester,  Jan.  10,  1717." 

The  like  assertion  is  made  at  pp.  183, 
126,  vol.  i.  of  Beation's  Political  Index, 
3d  edit.  1808 :  but  no  such  fact  is  recog- 
nised in  Collins's  Peerage  of  England,  in 
the  descent  of  the  royal  family,  nor  in 
that  exodlent  work,    Mr.  John    Philip 


512 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanue  Urban. 


[Nov. 


Wood*8  edition  of  Douglas's  Peerage  of 
Scotland,  folio  1813,  where  the  princes  of 
the  house  of  Brunswick  are  noticed  in 
their  character  of  Dukes  of  Rothsay,  at 
vol.  ii.  p.  437. 

Good  negative  evidence  that  Frederick- 
Lewis  was  never  Duke  of  Gloucester  is 
afforded,  as  I  presume,  by  his  coffin-plate, 
upon  which  all  his  titles  are  enumerated, 
and  among  them  he  is  styled  Duke  of 
Cornwall,  Rothsay,  and  Edinburgh,  but 
not  Duke  of  Gloucester.* 

And  yet  I  have  met  with  a  remarkable 
contemporary  testimony  that,  during  the 
lifetime  of  his  grandfather,  Frederick* 
Lewis  was  regarded  as  Duke  of  Gloucester. 
In  a  book  entitled  Notitia  Anglicana, 
consisting  of  copperplate  engravings  of 
the  atchievements  of  the  English  nobility 
— a  book  perhaps  unique  in  its  kind  from 
its  representing  the  matrimonial  as  well 
as  paternal  arms  of  the  then  existing 
peerage  —  and  which  was  published  in 
London  in  1724,  the  fourth  plate  repre- 
sents the  atchievement  of  "  His  Royal 
Highness  Frederick- Lewis,  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester, &c.  \**  and  he  is  also  so  styled  in 
the  letterpress,  p.  4.  The  error,  if  it 
really  be  one,  is  therefore  of  very  early 
origin. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  it  is  altogether 
an  error ;  and,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able 
to  ascertain,  it  originated  from  the  follow- 
ing circumstances. 

On  the  2  Nov.  1717  was  bom  at  St. 
James's  palace,  the  second  son  of  Greorge- 
Augustus  Prince  of  Wales,  who  was  bap- 
tized by  the  names  of  George- William. 
I  possess  a  curious  quarto  print  repre- 
senting a  woman  seated,  with  her  breast 
uncovered,  and  a  child  in  swaddling  clothes 
in  her  lap,  which  bears  the  following 
inscription : — 

Nurfs  to  William  George  Duke 
of  Glocesier.  Bom  Novemb'.  the  ^^  Mil 
Second  Son  to  their  Royal  Highneseee  the 
Prince  and  Princeee  qf  Walee,  Sold  dy 
T,  Bakewell  in  Comhill, 

This,  then,  appears  to  have  been  the 
prince  who  was  designated  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester at  the  period  in  question  ;  and  pro- 
bably the  public  announcement  of  such 
designation  was  made  on  the  10th  Jan. 
1717-18.  He  died  on  the  2d  of  March 
following. 

The  only  doubt  that  may  remain  is, 
whether,  after  this  prince's  death,  his 
elder  brother  Frederick-Lewis  might  be 
designated  Duke  of  Gloucester,  though  he 
was  not  subsequently  so  created.  Can 
any  other  example  besides  the  "  Notitia 


Anglicana*'  be  found  of  his  being  so 
designated  ?  If  not,  by  what  other  title 
was  he  usually  called  ?  Whatever  it  waa, 
there  would  be  little  use  for  it  in  this 
country,  in  which  he  did  not  arrive  before 
he  was  Prince  of  Wales. 

Frederick-Lewis  was  bom  at  Hanover 
on  the  30th  Jan.  N.S.  1706,  some  jtiu% 
before  his  grandfather's  accession  to  the 
throne  of  Great  Britain,  but  he  never 
touched  the  English  soil  during  the  whole 
of  his  grandfather's  reign,  nor  for  some 
seventeen  months  after.  He  landed  at 
Harwich  on  the  3d  Dec.  1728,  when  he 
was  nearly  twenty-two  years  of  afe.  In 
the  meantime  his  father  had  one  other 
son,  William- Augustus,  afterwards  Dnke 
of  Cumberland,  ^m  in  1721. 

The  Prince  of  Wales's  two  sons  were 
both  created  Peers  of  Great  Britain  at 
the  same  time,  in  July  1726;  Frederick « 
Lewis  being  then  in  his  20th  and  William- 
Augustus  only  in  his  6th  year.  To  each 
were  given  titles  in  all  the  five  differeot 
grades  of  the  English  peerage — 

To  Frederick-Lewis  those  of  Baron 
of  Snandon  in  the  county  of  Camarvont 
Viscount  of  Launceston  in  the  oonntj  of 
Comwall,  Earl  of  Eltham  in  the  county 
of  Kent,  Marquess  of  the  Isle  of  Ely  in 
the  county  of  Cambridge,  and  Duke  of 
the  city  of  Edinburgh  in  Scotland. 

To  William-Augustus  those  of  Baron 
of  the  Isle  of  Aldemey,  Viscount  of  IVo- 
maton  in  the  county  of  Comwall,  Earl  of 
Kennington  in  the  county  of  Surrey, 
Marquess  of  Berkhampsted  in  the  counl^ 
of  Hertford,  and  Duke  of  the  county  en 
Cumberland. 

Had  William- Augustus  been  designated 
Duke  of  Cumberland  previously  to  his 
creation  ?  I  rather  think  not,  but  that 
he  had  been  called  by  his  christian  name, 
"  Prince  William,"  the  practice  ainee 
maintained  in  the  families  of  Frederick 
Prince  of  Wales,  King  Greoige  the  Third* 
and  her  present  Majesty. 

But  previously  it  had  been  usual  in  the 
royal  family  to  attribute  a  title  some  time 
before  the  actual  creation  of  the  dignity. 
Thus  Prince  Henry,  son  of  Charlei  the 
First,  was  designated  Duke  of  Gloucealer 
in  the  year  1641,  but  first  actually  created 
by  his  brother  on  the  13th  May,  1659. 

William,  son  of  the  Princess  Anne  of 
Denmark,  was  nominated  Dnke  of  Glou- 
cester at  his  baptism  (three  days  after 
his  birth)  27  July,  1689,  but  died  before 
creation,  on  the  30th  July,  1700. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  when  the 
Electoral  Prince  of  Hanover,  afterwarda 
King   George  the  Second,  was   created 


♦  ColUns's  Peerage,  edit.  1779,  vol.  I.  35. 


1851.] 


Co7*respondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban, 


513 


a  British  peer  in  1706,  the  title  of  Glou- 
cester was  reserved.  He  was  made  Baron 
of  Tewkesbury,  Viscount  of  Northaller- 
ton, Earl  of  Milford  Haven,  and  both 
Marquess  and  Duke  of  Cambridge.  Pro- 
bably this  was  in  deference  to  the  feelings 
of  Queen  Anne,  who  might  not  choose 
that  the  title  of  her  beloved  son  should  be 
borne  by  any  other  person  during  her  life- 
time :  or  rather,  perhaps,  Gloucester  was 
thought  to  belong  strictly  to  the  third  son 
of  the  sovereign,  as  York  to  the  second.* 
The  title  of  Cambridge,  which  merged  in 
the  Crown  in  17S7,  was  not  again  be- 
stowed until  1801,  when  it  was  given  to 
George  the  Third's  seventh  and  youngest 
son ;  and  it  seems  strange  that  it  should 
then  be  postponed  to  Kent,  which  had 
not  been  a  royal  title  for  centuries  ;  and 


to  Sussex,  which  had  not  previously  been 
a  royal  titie  at  all. 

With  one  other  remark  I  will  now  con- 
dude  these  perhaps  unimportant  observa* 
tions.  It  is  that  when  Prince  WilUam- 
Henry,  brother  to  King  George  the  Third, 
was  created  a  peer  in  1764,  he  waa  made 
Duke  of  Gloucester  and  Edinburgh.  Was 
this  a  consequence  of  the  former  supposed 
association  of  the  titles  in  the  person  of 
Prince  Frederick-Lewis  ?  If  so,  it  proved 
the  permanence,  and  in  some  degree  es- 
tablished the  triumph, — so  far  at  least  as 
the  books  I  have  cited  extend,  of  what  I 
have  now  given  some  reason  to  conclude 
was  originally  the  popular  misapprehen- 
sion of  attributing  to  the  Princess  eldest 
son  the  title  which  had  been  really  as- 
signed to  his  second  son. 

Yours,  &c.    John  Gouoh  Nichols. 


Who  first  suggested  the  Humane  Treatment  of  Lunatics — Brrnardin 

St.  Pierre  ? 


Mr.  Urban, — It  is  so  much  to  the 
advantage  of  society  that  the  first  sug- 
gesters  of  all  improvements  should  be  duly 
recognised  and  honoured,  that  I  trust  you 
will  allow  me  to  do  an  act  of  justice  in 
your  pages  to  a  great  man  whose  efforts  in 
one  particular  direction  seem  to  have  been 
forgotten  or  overlooked. 

Among  the  advances  which  humanity 
has  made  in  our  time,  no  one  is  more 
gratifying  to  every  person  of  benevolence, 
than  that  abolition  of  all  instruments 
of  coercion  in  lunatic  asylums  which  is 
now  I  trust  in  a  fair  way  of  becoming 
universal.  The  introduction  of  the  system 
of  non-restraint  is  generally,  and  1  make 
no  doubt  properly,  attributed  to  Pinel. 
He  it  was  who  first  reduced  the  kindly 
thought  to  practice;  he  who  first  tried 
the  courageous  experiment  in  the  Bic^tre 
in  1792.  But  whose  was  the  thought 
which  Pinel  exhibited  in  action  ?  To  whose 
mind  did  it  first  occur  that  mental  agony 
must  infallibly  be  increased  by  bodily 
torture  ?  I  am  not  in  a  condition  to 
answer  that  question  with  certainty,  but 
I  request  your  permission  to  quote  a  few 
sentences  from  The  Studies  of  Nature,  by 
Bernardin  St.  Pierre,  which  prove  beyond 
all  possibility  of  doubt  that  the  propriety 
of  the  rational  treatment  of  lunatics  was 


well  understood  by  him.  His  Etudes  was 
first  published  in  1784  ;  bat,  not  having 
access  at  present  to  the  original,  I  am 
obliged  to  quote  from  an  English  abridg- 
ment published  in  Dove's  English  Classics. 
Listen  to  his  gentle,  charitable  words : — 

'*  Another  class  of  mankind  still  more 
worthy  of  compassion,  because  innocent, 
are  persons  deprived  of  their  reason.. 
They  are  shut  up,  and  seldom  fail,  of  con- 
sequence, to  become  more  insane  than 
before.  I  do  not  believe  there  is  through 
all  Asia,  China  excepted,  a  single  place 
of  confinement  for  lunatics.  The  Turks 
treat  them  with  singular  respect ;  whether 
it  be  that  Mahomet  himself  was  subject 
to  mental  derangement,  or  from  a  re- 
ligious opinion,  that  as  soon  as  a  madman 
sets  his  foot  into  a  house  the  blessing  of 
God  enters  it  with  him.  They  delay  not 
a  moment  to  set  food  before  him,  and 
caress  him  in  the  tenderest  manner. 
There  is  not  an  instance  known  of  their 
having  injured  any  one.  Our  madmen, 
on  the  contrary,  are  mischievous,  because 
they  are  miserable. 

"The  number  of  insane  persons  under 
confinement  with  us  is  enormously  great. 
There  is  not  a  provincial  town  of  any  con- 
siderable magnitude  but  what  contains  an 
edifice  destined  to  this  use.    Their  treat- 


*  Such  was  the  current  sentiment  regarding  certain  titles  in  France  at  tlie  same 
period.  "  La  quality  du  second  Fils  est  celle  de  Due  d'Orleans  ;  celle  dn  troisidme, 
de  Due  d'Anjou  ;  et  celle  de  quatrieme,  de  Due  de  Berry.  Apres  oela  il  n'y  a  plus 
riendefixe."  (Nouvelle  Description  de  la  France.  Amsterd.  1719.  p.  47.)  Bat 
any  such  arrangement  was  of  course  dependant  upon  the  *'  sons  of  France"  anuormly 
dying  without  male  issue ;  and  could  have  subsisted  only  whilst  such  continued  to 
be  the  state  of  the  family.  As  we  all  know,  the  branch  of  Orleans  existing  at  the  date 
of  this  assertion  has  taken  root  and  spread  into  a  goodly  tree, — though  the  title  itself 
is  for  the  present  dormant,  except  in  the  person  of  the  Dachess  dowager. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  3  U 


514 


Co}^*espondence  of  Sylvanui  Urban* 


[Not. 


ment  iu  these  is  surelj  an  object  of  com- 
miseration, and  loudly -calls  for  the  at- 
tention of  Government,  considering  that 
if  after  all  they  are  no  longer  citizens,  they 
are  still  men,  and  innocent  men  too.  I 
shall  relate  an  instance  of  the  treatment  of 
these  miserable  being?,  still  fresh  iu  my 
memory." 

The  instance  may  be  passed  over.  It 
was  an  example  of  that  cruel  and  inju- 
dicious treatment  which  when  St  Pierre 
wrote  was  universal  throughout  Europe. 
After  relating  his  story  he  proceeds  thus : 

"  Many  physical  remedies  are  employed 
for  the  cure  of  madness,  and  it  frequently 
proceeds  from  a  moral  cause,  for  it  is  pro- 
duced by  chagrin.  Mieht  there  not  be  a 
possibility  to  employ,  tor  the  restoration 
of  reason  to  those  disordered  beings, 
means  directly  opposed  to  those  which 
occasioned  the  loss  of  reason,  I  mean 
mirth,  pleasure,  and  above  all  the  plea- 
sures of  music  ?  We  see,  from  the  in- 
stance of  Saul,  what  influence  music  pos- 
sesses for  re-establishing  the  harmony  of 
the  soul.    With  this  ought  to  be  united 


treatment  the  most  gentle,  and  care  to 
place  the  unhappy  patients,  when  Tinted 
with  paroxysms  of  rage,  not  nnder  the  re* 
straint  of  fetters,  but  In  an  apeiimei&t 
matted  round,  where  they  could  do  no 
mischief  either  to  themselres  or  otliere.  I 
am  persuaded  that  by  employing  mioh 
humane  precautions,  numbers  ni%ht  be 
restored,  especially  if  they  were  nnder  the 
charge  of  persons  not  interested  in  per- 
petuathig  their  derangement.*' 

One  can  scarcely  read  these  lentences 
without  thinking  that  they  most  have  been 
written  by  some  one  who  had  jnst  visited 
Hanwell,  where  the  very  treatment  here 
described  is  now  firmly  and  happily  eata« 
blished.  Delightfhl  must  it  be  to  the  apirtt 
of  Bemardin  St.  Pierre,  to  look  down 
upon  the  efforts  of  such  an  apostle  of  be- 
nevolence as  Dr.  Conolly,  and  watch  the 
complete  success  which  has  attended  hU 
perseverance  in  a  system  which,  at  I  have 
shewn  you,  St.  Pierre  imagined  and  advo- 
cated at  least  eight  years  before  the  flrat 
step  towards  putting  it  into  praotlce 
taken  by  PInel.  Yonrs,  5ie»    F. 


Dbvice  of  Star  (or  Suk)  and  Crbscint. 


Mr.  Urban, — Amongst  the  despoiled 
monumental  slabs  which  lie  in  the  pave- 
ment of  the  cathedral  church  of  Chichester, 
and  are  all  that  now  remains  of  a  noble 
series  of  brasses,  once  the  memorials  of  a 
succession  of  bishops  of  that  sec,  there  is 
one  stone  which  is  very  singular,  both  in 
form  and  dimensions,  and  in  the  still  evi- 
dent character  of  its  original  decorations. 
Of  these  decorations  the  device  of  the  star 
{or  iun)  and  crescent  forms  an  important 
part,  the  entire  surface  of  the  marble  having 
been  sem^e  of  these  figures. 

I  am  not  aware  of  any  other  example  of 
such  an  application  of  this  device  ;  and  it 
is  its  use  in  this  instance  which  induces 
me  to  make  some  inquiries  through  the 
medium  of  your  pages  respecting  it. 

This  device  has  already  attracted  no 
inconsiderable  amount  of  attention ;  yet 
I  cannot  ascertain  that  any  conclusive 
opinion  has  been  obtained,  either  as  to  its 
origin,  its  signification,  or  to  the  principle 
of  its  adoption.  I  cannot,  at  the  same 
time,  but  consider  a  more  exact  acquaint- 
ance with  these  points  to  be  within  the 
reach  of  diligent  investigation.  That  such 
matters  are  of  historical  value,  and  there- 
fore ore  worthy  of  research,  I  may,  I  sup- 
pose, assume  as  sufliciently  evident. 

Now  this  device  of  the  star  or  sun  and 
crescent  is  first  observed  upon  the  first 
great  seal  of  Richard  I. ;  and  from  about 
the  period  of  the  accession  of  this  monarch 


until  the  time  of  Edward  I.  (c.  1190^ 
1300)*  it  is  found  in  common  nie  npon 
certain  of  the  coins  of  the  realm,  and  njMMl 
the  seals  of  monastic  and  corporate  boolci, 
and  also  of  private  individuals  ot  Tarioits 
ranks  and  conditions  in  life ;  and  at  Chi* 
Chester  we  find  its  component  fignrei  actt- 
tered  profusely  over  the  monumental  slab 
of  a  deceased  prelate.  In  some  exampki 
the  star  or  sun  has  its  rays  wavy ;  in  otnen 
(as  at  Chichester^  they  liave  the  form  of 
the  ordinary  heraldic  mullet.  The  tttnal 
number  of  these  rays  or  points  ii  six: 
upon  the  obverse  of  the  second  great  aeti 
of  Richard  I.,  however,  sixteen  raye  en- 
circle a  distinct  nucleus.  Again,  lome- 
times  the  star  or  sun  appeart  riling  ttom 
out  of  the  crescent,  while  on  other  occa- 
sions the  two  figures  are  set  aide  by  aide: 
in  this  latter  case  one  figure  Is  generallj 
to  be  found  on  either  side  of  the  central 
object  of  the  seal  or  coin.  Urns,  in  the 
first  seal  of  Richard  I.  on  either  aide  of 
the  royal  effigy  there  is  the  complete  de- 
vice, showing  the  sun  or  star  riting  fhm 
the  crescent ;  but  on  the  second  aeal  of 
the  same  sovereign  the  two  figurae  are 
separated,  and  the  crescent  and  ann  atva- 
rally  occupy  the  dexter  and  ainiater  aidea. 
In  some  few  examples  a  wavy-rayed  atar 
or  sun  is  placed  alone  on  the  dexter  aidei 
while  the  crescent,  with  another  atar  or 
sun  rising  from  it,  occupiea  a  correapoad- 
ing  position  on  the  sinister  side.   The  atar 


*  The  star,  or  sun,  and  crescent,  were  also  in  use  upon  seala  in  the  14th  century, 
but  almost  invariably  with  the  addition  of  some  other  device,  at  a  roae,  &c. 


1851.] 


Corr^ipondence  qf^(vanus  Urban* 


515 


or  sun  is  alito  found  charged  upon  a 
roundel.  In  the  Chichester  slab,  as  I 
have  already  stated,  the  two  figures  are 
repeated  throughout  the  whole  composi- 
tion, without  any  definite  arrangement. 
Each  figure  in  tliis  example  is  distinct 
from  the  other.  Further  observation  wUl 
probably  reveal  other  modes  of  arrange* 
ment. 

Upon  the  obvtrse  of  the  first  great  seal 
of  Henry  III.  the  legend  commences  with 
a  crescent  only ;  the  star,  if  ever  used, 
is  now  obliterated  ;  and  on  the  reverse  of 
this  same  seal  a  crescent  again  commences 
the  legend,  but  in  this  instance,  in  place 
of  the  star,  from  the  crescent  there  issues 
a  cross.  Once  more,  a  seal  of  an  abbot  of 
Kirkham  bears  the  star  or  sun  alone.  I 
will  not  now  trouble  you  with  the  parti- 
culars of  other  individual  examples,  either 
of  the  use  of  the  complete  device  or  of  its 
modified  adoption. 

The  crescent  in  this  device  has  been 
commonly  regarded  as  the  well  known 
badge  of  the  Moslem,  the  star  or  sun 
being  considered  to  denote  the  Christian 
faith ;  upon  this  hypothesis  (which  seems 
to  have  arisen  solely  from  the  coincidence 
in  point  of  time  between  the  first  appear- 
ance of  this  device  and  the  crusades)  the 
two  figures  are  held  to  signify  the  struggle 
then  pending  for  the  recovery  of  the  Holy 
Land  from  the  power  of  the  unbelievers. 
"  But  this,"  as  it  is  well  observed  in  the 
Archaeological  Journal  (vol.  iii.  p.  346, 
note  c.)  '*  is  very  questionable  ;  *'  I  think 
I  might  go  so  far  as  to  pronounee  it  alto- 
gather  erroneous.  That  the  sun  or  star 
symbolised  Christianity  through  Christ 
himself,  *'  the  Sun  of  Righteousnots  "  and 
'*  the  Star  of  Jacob,"  may  indeed  be  as- 
sumed as  at  once  the  most  natural  and 
the  most  significant  reading  of  the  device. 
Not  so  evident  or  so  conclusive  is  the 
symbolism  of  the  crescent ;  I  am,  how- 
ever, disposed  to  regard  it  as  the  emblem 
of  the  blessed  Virgin  Mary,  that  is,  when 
the  two  figures  of  the  star  or  sun  and  the 
crescent  are  used  in  combination.  The 
star  rising  from  the  crescent  would,  in  this 
case,  imply  belief  in  One  Naium  d§  Vir' 
gine;  and  so  the  cross  in  King  Henry  III.'s 
seal  would  be  but  another  form  of  the 


same  emblematic  figure.  I  am  rather  dis- 
posed to  believe  tluit  the  Knights  T^ai- 
plars  of  the  Crusades  used  the  device  with 
this  implied  signification,  than  with  m  vkw 
to  denote  the  cross  as  triumphant  ovsv 
the  khoran;  possibly,  they  might  have 
seen  in  the  device  a  complex  symWt  €*- 
pable  of  either  signification.  Y^  |m  (b 
the  event  the  cross  of  the  crusaders  failed 
to  triumph,  and  the  crescent  of  the  infidftl 
continued  to  wave  over  the  hill  of  Zion, 
we  can  scarcely  believe  that  m  device,  in- 
dicative of  results  in  direct  opposition  to 
the  facts,  would  obtain  amongst  our  ances- 
tors qfter  this  final  event  of  the  crusades. 

If  this  be  the  true  meaning  of  tMs 
symbol,  it  appears  in  all  respects  eoB- 
sistent  with  the  feelings  and  hshits  of  Ui« 
times  to  place  it  where  now  we  find  thst 
it  then  was  placed :  still,  I  should  be 
glad  to  have  further  light  thrown  upon 
the  subject ;  and  that,  not  only  upoa  the 
true  signification  of  this  particular  device, 
but  also  upon  the  prineiph  (if  any  existed 
and  was  in  force)  which,  in  the  times  ta 
which  I  refer,  regulated  the  adoption  of 
devices  of  what  I  would  designate  as  of 
a  quasi-heraldic  character.  Possibly,  il 
was  because  this  device  of  the  star  and 
crescent  was  a  religions  emblem,  and  not 
a  true  heraldic  charge,  that  it  was  opes 
to  general  and  indiscrimhiate  adoption  i 
and,  in  like  manner,  for  the  sasse  fmm 
its  use  might  have  been  gaierally  desired. 

One  word  upon  the  idea  that  the  blessed 
Virgin  Mary  is  symbolized  in  this  devieo 
by  the  crescent.  Numberless  images  and 
other  representations  of  the  Madonna^ 
person  portray  her  as  standing  or  seated 
upon  the  crescent :  I  need  searoely  veftr 
to  the  celebrated  etching  of  Albert  Dwiff 
as  a  well-known  example.  The  htathOB 
symbolism  of  Diana  may  very  prohaUy 
have  transferred  the  same  distincthne  em* 
biem  to  the  Virgin  Mary;  pMeisely  s« 
many  of  the  Ronumist  **  invoeattons*'  of 
the  Virgin,  many  also  of  their  othet  do* 
vices,  together  with  much  else  oi  asoro 
serious  import,  may  be  traced  tnm  tho 
same  source. 

Yours,  Sec. 

Charles  Bovtbll. 
(hi.  15,  1851. 


The  truk  use  of  Heraldry,  with  Sugobstions  to  thb  Hxralas. 


Mr.  Urban,  —  Your  remarks  on 
Heraldry,  in  reviewing  Mr.  Hamerton^ 
Observations  on  Heraldry  (Gent.  Mag.  for 
SepL  p.  295),  were  just  and  appropriate. 
The  art  of  blazonry  is  not  quite  so  extinct 
as  some  writers  appear  to  consider  it,  nor 
is  its  utility  so  trifling. 

All  antiquaries  will  admit  its  importance 
and  interest  in  reference  to  their  mquiries 
if  they  relate  to  the  custonks  and  relics  of 


the  middle  ages ;  but  is  there  not  still  ait 
applicability  in  it  to  present  use  ?  Now, 
if  we  look  to  the  origin  of  the  practice  of 
bearing  arms,  we  shall  find  it  arose  in  the 
passion  for  persosal  distinotioBy  and  Ia  Hm 
necessity  for  distinguishing  oao  mititaiup 
commander  frooi  another  &  theoamp  aaa 
on  the  battle  field ;  but  the  great  motifi 
for  heraldic  display  was  pride  the  fyridi 
of  the  winrior  in  hanng  wMtmA  Nine 


516 


Correspondence  of  Syhanus  Urban. 


[Nov. 


great  deed  of  warlike  enterprise.  The 
greatest  virtue  of  the  middle  ages  was 
knightly  prowess, and  he  who  proved  him- 
self the  possessor  of  it  in  any  degree  was 
proud  to  have  it  published  on  his  banner, 
perpetuated  among  his  descendants,  and 
placed  on  his  mansion  in  the  characters  of 
heraldry. 

For  my  part,  though  neither  a  lover  of 
war  nor  an  admirer  of  ostentatious  pride, 
I  confess  that  to  me  there  appears  nothing 
censurable  in  these  displays,  where  they 
were  well-earned  and  associated  with  gene- 
rous and  chivalrous  feeling  and  conduct. 
On  the  contrary,  I  think  the  patriot 
knight  and  brave  squire  and  yeoman  who 
vindicated  the  honour  of  England  on  the 
battle  plain,  or  defended  its  territories 
from  the  ravages  of  the  foreign  invader, 
deserved  distinction  in  their  day  and  gene- 
ration ;  and  their  descendants  sometimes 
manifest  an  allowable  pride  in  remembrance 
of  the  past  history  of  their  family,  though 
this  feeling  may  degenerate  into  a  con- 
temptible weakness  or  a  half-insane  super- 
ciliousness. 

But  why  should  the  descendants  of  the 
knights  and  gentlemen  of  the  middle  ages 
alone  have  a  right  to  the  insignia  of 
heraldry  ?  Are  not  the  scholar,  the  artist, 
the  poet,  the  great  engineer,  and  others 
who  have  won  fame  and  honour  for  them- 
selves, deserving  of  memorials  and  deco- 
rations by  means  of  which  their  achieve- 
ments may  be  symbolised  and  transmitted 
to  posterity  ?  It  will  be  admitted  by  all 
candid  minds  that  they  are.  It  is  here, 
Mr.  Urban,  that  I  am  brought  to  your 
suggestion  of  rendering  the  College  of 
Arms  a  place  of  regutry  for  insignia, 
leaving  the  bearers  to  invent  their  own, 
with  the  sanction  of  the  college,  on  pay- 
ment of  a  moderate  fee. 

With  this  I  am  disposed  to  agree  in 
some  measure ;  but  the  invention  of  all 
armorial  bearingd  should  be  left  in  the 
hands  of  the  college  as  hitherto.  And, 
probably,  it  might  be  found  necessary 
to  modify  the  details  of  the  bearings  of 
modem  date,  as,  for  instance,  to  abolish 
the  crest  and  other  appointments.  It 
would  not  do  to  fix  a  steam-eni^ine  on  a 
helmet,  nor  would  the  mantle  be  needed  ; 
but  the  shield,  as  a  suitable  shape  for 
bearing  an  emblem,  and  the  motto,  ac- 


cording  to  the  taite  of  the  individaal, 
might  be  retained.  In  fiict  the  ihield* 
under  the  sanction  of  the  college,  might 
be  engraved  on  a  tablet  of  metal,  stamped 
with  some  device  of  the  heralds  to  shew 
its  authenticity,  and  by  them  be  conveyed 
to  the  grantee.  With  these  aidi,  and 
under  these  arrangements,  the  art  of 
blazonry  might  yet,  to  use  your  worda, 
"  revive  in  its  ancient  vigour  and  in  pure 
taste  *,"  and  the  insignia  of  eminent  men 
might  be  engraved  on  their  carriagetf 
seals,  plate,  and  monuments,  with  at  much 
effect  and  justice  as  they  were  wont  to  be 
borne  on  the  pennons  and  tombs  of  ancient 
days. 

The  Heralds'  College  would  thua  have  m 
wider  field  than  it  now  posseaiea  in  which 
to  exercise  its  functions  ;  and  I  tee  do 
reason  why  some  power  ahoold  not  be 
given  to  it  to  check  imposture  and  oiarpa- 
tion.  The  visitations  might  be  renewed, 
at  which  genealogical  fiicts  might  be  re- 
corded, the  heralds  of  assize  having  power 
to  put  witnesses  on  their  oath,  anid  their 
records  being  received  as  evidence  in 
courts  of  justice  wherein  claims  to  pro- 
perty were  made  on  the  ground  of  rightfol 
descent.  The  pedigrees  of  the  peers,  be* 
ronets,  and  landed  gentry  ought  to  be  pub- 
lished under  their  sanction  alone,  and  with 
their  names  appended,  they  being  respon- 
sible for  the  accuracy  of  the  statemeats 
theiein  made. 

Were  this  done  every  coanty  might 
possess  its  authentic  volume  of  genealo^es 
and  records  of  heraldic  bearings,  anctoat 
and  modem,  and  an  index  to  the  whole  of 
the  grants  of  arms  and  pedigrees  might 
also  accompany  these  volumes,  in  which 
case  the  manuscripts  contained  in  the 
college  would  be  known,  and  probaUy  a 
system  of  light  fees  for  reference  woald 
then  render  the  professional  labours  of 
the  heralds  constant  and  lucrative. 

I  do  not  know  how  far  these  ideas  may 
appear  crude  to  the  members  of  the  ancient 
and  honourable  fratemity  to  whom  thej 
refer,  but  I  think  they  will  be  seen  to 
emanate  from  a  respect  for  their  office 
aud  institution,  and  they  may  evoke  re* 
marks  from  more  learned  adepts  in  the 
gentle  art  than,  Mr.  Urban, 

Yours  faithfully,  T. 


Meaning  of  the  word  *•  Whifkler." 


Cambridge,  Oct,  4. 

Mr.  Urhan, — I  was  somewhat  sur- 
prised on  reading  (at  page  404  of  your 
current  volume)  Dr.  Rimbault's  note  re- 
specting the  term  "whiffler,"  and  still 
more  so  at  your  reviewer's  expression  of 
a]}probBtion  and  concurrence. 

Dr.  RimbauU's  remark  that  Mr.  Douce 


is  not  supported  by  any  aathority  la  say« 
ing  that  wkijffle  is  another  name  ft>r  a  fife 
or  a  small  flute,  is,  I  humbly  Bnbndty  in- 
accurate. 

Mr.  Hawkins,  in  his  edition  of  Igno- 
ramus (Life  of  the  Author,  p.  zzxriLX  has 
a  note  on  this  word.    I  snUoln  an  extract ; 

«  Miepe  in  his  F^renek  DIotknuiT,  art. 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


517 


Whiffle t  thus  explains  it :  '  Whiffler,  one 
that  goes  with  a  iife  before  a  company  of 
soldiers/  and  translates  it  into  French  by 
the  substantive,  Un  Flu  tear.  Phillips 
in  his  dictionary  likewise  says  that,  among 
other  senses, '  Whiffler  is  aUo  taken  for  a 
piper  that  plays  on  a  fife  in  a  company  of 
soldiers/  ''* 

Mr.  Hawkins's  note  was  suggested  by 
the  following  passage  in  a  poem  comparing 
the  reception  of  James  I.  at  Oxford  and 
Cambridge  : 
"  Oxford  had  good  comedies,  but  not  such  bene- 

factors; 
For  Cambridgt  bishops  whifflers  had,  and  preach- 
ers for  their  actors." 

Mr.  Hawkins  expresses  an  opinion  that 
the  term  there  signifies  the  musical  per- 
formers on  occasion  of  the  acting  of  the 
comedies  before  the  king,  in  which  sense 
it  is,  as  he  thinks,  used  by  Bishop  Corbet 
in  his  lines  "  On  Christ-church  plqy  at 
Woodstock . ' '  (See  Bishop  Corbet's  Poems, 
ed.  Gilchrist,  p.  132;  and  Nichols's  Pro- 
gresses, &c.  of  King  James  I.  yoL  iii.  p. 
73.) 

In  Bailey's  Universal  Etymological  Eng- 
lish Dictionary  (8th  edit.  vol.  i.)  ''A 
Whiff"  is  explained  as  a  "Breath  for 
drawing  in  or  blowing  out  of  the  breath.'* 
With  this  accords  his  explanation  of  "to 
whiff;**  whilst  amongst  the  definitions  of 
**  to  whiffle  "  he  gives  **  to  play  on  a  pipe," 
and  "  a  whiffler  "  is  defined  as  *'  a  piper 
that  plays  on  a  fife  to  a  company  of  foot- 
soldiers."  He  adds  "a  whiffler  [of  the 
Companies  qf  London"]  a  young  freeman, 
who  goes  before,  and  waits  on  them  on 
public  solemnities." 

Mr.  Douce  says  (and  I  must  say  I  think 
with  reason),  **  In  process  of  time  the 
term  whiffler^  which  had  always  been  used 


in  the  sense  of  a^«r,  came  to  signify  any 
person  who  went  before  in  a  procession." 

There  is  a  long  and  curious  article  on 
the  term  **  whiffler  *'  in  Nares^s  Glossary. 
The  following  extract  may  suffice. 

"  Whiffle  itself  meant  a  fife  in  English, 
from  a  trA(^  or  puff  of  wind ;  whiffler, 
therefore,  in  that  sense,  was  regularly 
made  from  whiffle,  Mr.  Douce  seems 
satisfactorily  to  explam  the  matter.  Wktf- 
JierSf  or  fifers,  generally  went  first  in  a 
procession  ;  from  which  circumstance  the 
name  was  transferred  to  other  persons  who 
succeeded  to  that  office,  and  at  length  was 
given  to  those  who  went  forward  merely 
to  clear  the  way  for  the  procession." 

Mr.  Halliwell,  in  his  Dictionary  of 
Archaic  and  Provincial  Words,  thus  ex- 
plains the  term : 

"  Whiffler  (1)  a  puffer  of  tobacco, 
hence,  metaphorically,  a  trifling  fellow. 
(2)  The  whifflers  were  generally  pipers 
and  homblowers  who  headed  a  procession 
and  cleared  the  way  for  it.  Apti-masques 
were  usually  ushered  in  by  whifflers.*' 

In  addition  to  the  instances  of  the  use 
of  the  term  hereinbefore  referred  to,  and 
to  be  found  in  the  commentators  on  Shak- 
spere,  and  in  Nares's  Glossary,  I  may 
mention  the  old  play  of  Widows  Tears, 
Act  ii.  sc.  1,  but  it  there  seems  to  signify 
"a  trifling  fellow,"  in  which  sense  it  is 
also  used  by  Dean  Swift  and  other  writers. 
Yours,  &c.      C.  H.  Coopbb. 

[We  insert  Mr.  Cooper's  letter  witii 
pleasure,  but  we  shall  not  think  him  right 
unless  he  can  produce  some  example  of 
the  use  of  the  word  "  whiffle  "  in  the 
sense  of  a  flute.  We  still  think  tiie 
"  whiffler  "  was  originally  a  mere  clearer 
of  the  way. — Ed.] 


ti 


The  Nicholas  of  the  Tower  "  mot  a  Bristol  Ship. 


Mr.  Urban, — In  your  report  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Bristol  meeting  of  the 
Archaeological  Institute,  you  have  noticed 
(at  p.  416  of  your  Magazine  for  October,) 
the  paper  in  which  Mr.  Tyson  of  that  city 
undertook  to  show  that  the  ship  '*  thfi 
Nicholas  of  the  Tower,**  which  captured 
the  Duke  of  Suffolk  at  sea  in  the  year 
1450,  was  not  belonging  to  the  Tower  of 
London,  but  to  the  city  of  Bristol;  and 
that  it  received  its  designation,  as  "  of  the 
Tower,"  from  a  tower  in  that  city  which 
stood  near  the  spot  where  its  ships  were 
built. 

From  the  time  when  I  first  saw  some 
account  of  Mr.  Tyson's  paper  in  the  news- 
papers, I  was  inclined  to  view  its  premises 
with  some  suspicion.  His  observations 
were  avowedly  suggested  by  a  passage  in 


the  Rev.  Samuel  Seyer's  "  Memoirs  of 
Bristol ;"  and  I  have  now  turned  to  that 
work,  in  order  to  examine  Mr.  Seyer'i 
own  statement  upon  the  subject.  I  moft 
confess  that  I  have  been  not  a  little  sur- 
prised at  the  amount  of  inaccuracy  which 
is  here  exhibited  by  an  historian  for  whom 
I  have  always  entertained  a  high  degree  of 
respect.  I  shall  beg  you  to  permit  me  to 
extract  the  passage  entire,  as  it  admits  of 
so  many  observations  that  such  will  be  it 
once  the  fairest  and  the  most  intelligible 
course  of  procedure.  The  commentaries 
within  brackets  are  Mr.  Seyer's  own. 

{8eyer*s  Memoirs  of  Bristol,  vol,  ii.  p,  183.) 

%  6.  In  SO  Hen.  YI.  1441  or  1448,  (J) 
when  the  Commons  of  England  thought 
it  necessary  to  maintain  a  fleet  for  the  de- 


{g)  R.  of  Pari.  5,  59. 


518 


CotTespondence  of  Sylvanus  Ur^an, 


[Not. 


fence  of  tbe  kingdom,  to  keep  the  sea 
continually  from  Candlemas  to  Martinmas, 
they  prayed  the  King  that  the  fleet  might 
be  of  the  following  description:  Eight 
large  ships  with  forstages  [i.  e.  four  stages] 
having  one  with  another  each  of  them  150 
men.  Every  large  ship  was  to  have  at- 
tendant on  it  one  barge  and  one  balynger; 
each  barge  having  80  men,  and  each  ba- 
lynger 40  men :  of  which  24  ships,  the 
officers  were  to  be  a  master  and  a  quarter- 
master to  each  one.  There  were  to  be  also 
four  spynes  [or  (A)  spiuaces]  attendant  on 
the  whole,  having  each  25  men.  The  pay 
of  each  man  was  to  be  2  «h.  per  month, 
that  of  the  24  masters  40(f.  each  per 
month  over  their  pay,  and  the  same  for 
the  quarter-masters.  The  ships  were  to  be 
had  at  the  several  ports.  From  Bristowe 
they  were  to  have  two  of  the  eight  large 
ships,  viz.  The  Nicholas  of  the  Tour  and 
the  Kaierine  (t)  o/  Burtotu,  which  were  to 
be  hired  from  their  owners  for  this  occa- 
sion. Such  was  the  English  fleet  in  the 
year  1442.  The  Nicholas  just  mentioned 
was  tlie  ship  which  captured  {k)  the  Duke  of 
Suffolk,  whose  head  was  immediately  struck 
off  on  the  gunwale  of  the  boat.  Bree  says 
that  the  Katherine  qf  the  Burtons  was  at 
Dartmouth :  from  the  following  document 
it  appears  to  have  belonged  to  one  of  the 
Canynges.  *'  Be  (/)  there  made  letters  un- 
der Privy  Seal  to  —  Cannings  of  Bristol : 
that  thereas  a  barge  called  the  Katherine 
of  Bristol  is  charged  with  wheat  and  other 
victual  to  the  King's  city  of  Baion  for  the 
advictualling  of  it,  that  he  take  into  the 
same  vessel  to  Baion  —  Bedan,  esquire, 
whom  the  King  sendeth  now  to  Bourdeaux, 
Baion,  Aix,  and  other  places  there  with 
his  letters." 

The  earlier  part  of  this  statement  is — 
with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  technical 
misapprehensions  which  I  shall  notice  here- 
after— correctly  abstracted  from  the  Rolls 
of  Parliament.  Further,  there  is  no  oc- 
casion to  doubt  that  the  Katharine  of  the 
Tower  which  captured  the  Duke  of  Suffolk 
in  1450  was  the  same  ship  as  that  which 
had  been  lying  at  Bristol  in  1442.  But 
all  that  follows  is  error  and  misappre- 
hension. "  Bree  says,  that  the  Katherine  of 
the  Burtons  was  at  Dartmouth."  Who  was 
Bree,  that  his  authority  should  be  pitted 
against  that  of  the  Rolls  of  Parliament  ? 
I  have  taken  the  trouble  to  search  out  this 
obscure  author,  and  I  find  his  book  is 
entitled  "  The  Cursory  Sketch  of  the  state 
of  the  Naval,  Military,  and  Civil  Esta- 


blishment, Legislative,  JodicU),  and  Do- 
mestic Oeoonomy  of  thia  Kingdom,  during 
the  Fourteenth  Century :  by  John  Broo, 
A.M.  Rector  of  Rysholme,  Ldoc."  1791  • 
4to.  being  the  first  volome  of  a  work  whicU 
was  never  continued  fturtber.  The  paaaege 
which  misled  Mr.  Seyer  ia  at  p.  117  of  tmi 
book  : — 

"  Item,  it  is  to  be  remembered  where 
the  said  ships  should  be  had.  1.  The 
Nicholas  of  the  Tower  at  Bristol.  2.  The 
Katherine  of  the  Burtows  at  Dartmouth. 
.^.  The  Spanish  ship  that  was  the  Lovd 
Pouns,  at  ditto/'  &c.  &c. 

Mr.  Bree  professed  to  have  copied  thU 
from  the  Harleian  MS.  No.  16,  but  he 
copied  it  inaccurately,  for  that  mannsoript 
gives  a  faithful  transcript  of  the  act  of 
parliament,  which  names  the  second  ahip 
*'  Katerine  of  Burtons,"  not  '<  of  tkt 
Burtows,'*  and  states  that  she,  as  well  at 
the  Nicholas  of  the  Tower,  lay  at  Briftoli 
not  at  Dartmouth. 

*'  Item,  it  is  to  be  remembered  when 
the  said  shippes  shalle  be  hadde — 

'*  First,  at  Bristowe,  the  Nicholas  of  the 
Toure  and  Katerine  of  Burtons. 

*'  Item,  at  Dertemouthe  the  Spajnjiihe 
ship  that  was  the  lord  Pouns*. 

**  Item,  at  Dertemouthe,"  &c. 

As  Mr.  Bree  himself  states  that  the 
document  in  the  Harleian  MS.  waa  ^  ea 
ordinance  passed  by  the  parliament,"  Mr. 
Seyer  had  no  occasion  to  trouble  himtjlf 
with  it,  after  having  already  derived  the 
same  information  in  a  correct  shape  from 
the  authorised  edition  of  the  RoUa  of  FOr* 
liament. 

But  Mr.  Seyer  floundera  more  deeply 
in  error  when  he  proceeds  to  identic  '*  Ifaie 
Katherine  of  Burtons"  with  <<  the  Kath»r 
rine  of  Bristol"  belonging  to  Cenynfefi 
the  latter  being  *'  a  barge,*'  and  the 
former  a  first-rate!  And  this  after  be 
had  himself  shown  in  the  earlier  part  of 
his  statement  that  the  crews  of  the  lacfo 
ships  consisted  of  150  men,  and  thoao  of 
the  barges  of  no  more  than  eighty. 

The  minor  remarks  I  have  to  make  on 
Mr.  Seyer* s  statement  are  these,— 

1 .  The  act  appears  to  have  paaaod  ia 
parliament  on  the  27  th  Bfarch  1443. 

2 .  Ho  misinterpreted/erf#d;^«t  aa  **  Ibv 
stages."  The  term  forstage  waa  aynooj- 
mous  with  forecastle,  which  ia  stUl  in  uao. 
The  fortified  portiona  of  ships,  aearnuii§e4 
before  the  use  of  cannon,  were  called  tho 
forecastle,  off-castle  or  aft-castle,  and  top- 
castle.  Sir  Ilarria  NicoUa,  describinf  lUpa 


•h)  They  are  called  spinaees  in  Bree's  Cursory  Sketch,  copied  firom  tlm  Bril.  Mos. 
0  See  above,  Chapt.  XII.  $  59.  {k)  See  Shakespeare,  Han.  Yl. 

[0  Acta  Concilii  anno  31  Hen.  VI.  March  21  [a.d.  1448-3] ,  copied  firom  the  Britieh 
Mus.  in  Bree's  Cnrsory  Sketch,  p.  376. 


18510 


Corr9»pondmice  of  Sylvanus  Urban* 


519 


of  300  and  400  tonf  and  upwards  in  the 
time  of  Henry  the  Fifth,  states  that 
'*  Some  had  three  and  others  onlj  two 
masts,  with  short  topmasts,  and  m  fore- 
stage  or  foreoastle,  consisting  of  a  raised 
platform  or  stage,  which  obtained  the 
name  of  a  castle  firom  its  containing  the 
soldiers,  and  probablj  from  having  bul- 
warks. In  this  part  of  the  ship  it  appears 
that  busiaess  was  transacted  (Becking- 
ton's  Journal,  p.  86) ;  and  in  the  reign  of 
Edward  tbe'I1iird,if  not  afterwards,  ships 
had  sometimes  one  of  these  stages  at  each 
end,  as  ships  ove  ehattieh  dttfoni  tt  dtren 
are  then  spoken  of  (Robert  of  Ayesbery, 
a».  1346)/'— Proceedings  of  the  Privy 
Council,  Tol.  ▼.  p.  cxxzi. 

3.  The  name  of  the  smallest  class  of 
vessels,  called  spynea  or  spinaces,  is  the 
same  which  stiU  continues  as  pinnace. 
It  occurs  in  the  orthography  i$pinade8  In 
Nioolas's  History  of  the  Navy,  vol.  ii. 
p.  165. 

With  respect  to  the  point  urged  by  Mr. 
Tyson  that  the  Nicholas  of  the  Tower  was 
a  Bristol  ship,  I  must  add  that  I  cannot 
assent  to  that  conclusion.  The  act  of 
parliament  of  the  year  1442  merely  shews 
that  it  was  then  lying  at  Bristol. 

In  regard  to  the  *'  Katharine  of  Bur- 
tons,'' there  is  some  difficulty  in  Mr. 
Tyson's  suggestion  that  the  word  '*  Bur- 
tons "  implied  the  name  of  its  owner,  in- 
asmuch as  we  find  that  ships  were  univer- 
sally designated  as  belonging  to  places, 
not  to  persons.  On  looking,  however,  at 
the  act  of  parliament,  I  admit  that  finom 
the  wording  of  that  document  the  inter- 
pretation of  Mr.  Tyson  and  Mr.  Seyer  is 
in  this  instance  not  improbable,  for  the 
act  proceeds  to  enumerate,ii— at  Hull,  a 
great  ship  called  Tavemers,  the  name 
Grace  Dieu ;  of  London,  a  barge  of  Beau- 
flte  and  Bertyns  called  Valentine  t  at  Sand- 
wich, a  balynger  of  Haywardes;  and  at 
Hampton  a  balynger  of  Clifdens  called 
Jaket.  It  is  therefore  certainly  probable 
that  the  Katharine  was  a  Bristol  ship,  be- 
longing to  one  of  the  eminent  merchants 
of  that  city  named  Burton. 

But  it  by  no  means  follows  .that  the 
Nicholas  of  the  Tower  had  the  same 
owner ;  and  I  think  it  quite  oertain  that 
she  took  her  name  ftom  the  Tower  of 
London.  The  chroniclers  tell  us  that 
the  duke  of  Suffolk  "  was  stopped  by  a 
ship  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Exeter 
called  the  Nicholas  of  the  Tower ;"  and 


Bayley,  the  historian  of  the  Tower  of 
London,  remarks  that  **  the  duke  of 
Exeter  was  the  constable  of  the  Tower--Hi 
circumstance  to  which  perhaps  this  ship 
owed  her  name.' ' 

Tlie  Katharine  may  either  have  belonged 
to  the  duke  of  Exeter,  or  she  may  luve 
been  hired  by  him  for  the  murderoaa 
object  of  the  lords  opposed  to  the  court 
party  ;  but  in  either  case  it  may  be  con- 
cluded that  the  ship  was  designated  "  of 
the  Tower"  in  common  with  all  such 
other  vessels  whose  appropriate  home  Cir 
harbour  was  the  Tower  quay.^  In  a  single 
document  of  the  year  133B  we  find  four 
vessels  so  designated — the  Trinity  of  the 
Tbwer  and  the  Bernard  of  the  Tower, 
both  ships  ;  the  barge  Mary  of  the  Tower, 
and  the  hulk  Christopher  of  the  Tower. 
(Nicolas.  Hist,  of  the  Navy,  vol.  u.  172, 
173.)  All  these  belonged  without  doubt 
to  the  port  of  London  and  not  to  Bristol. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  we  turn  to  a  list 

of  Bristol  ships,  and  there  is  m  (tretty  long 

one  in  Seyer,  vol.  ii.  p.  153,  of  the  date 

1372,  they  are  all  styled  "  of  Bristol,"  and 

'  none  '*  of  the  Tower.*' 

\m  for  the  tower  nt  Bristol,  near  whioh 
William  of  Wyrcestre  *  tells  us  some  me- 
morable ship  (undistinguished  by  name) 
was  built  for  John  Burton,  as  no&ced  by 
Mr.  Seyer  in  the  place  referred  to  in  his 
note  (t),  it  was  merely  one  of  the  to  wen 
of  the  city  wall,  next  the  Marsh,  certainly 
not  so  remarkable  in  itself  as  to  have  been 
called  "  th9  Tower,*'  for  Wyroestre  him- 
self describes  it  as  one  of  two,  both  of  the 
same  form  and  size,— ''  two  towers  in  the 
Marsh  wall,  and  each  tower  contained 
16  yards  in  roundness  on  4iie  outsidet" 
Mr.  Tyson  t  must  therefore  excuse  mefirom 
agreeing  that  there  is  any  connection 
between  the  name  **  Burtons,*'  even  if  that 
be  really  the  name  of  a  person,  and  not 
of  a  place,  and  "  the  Nicholas  of  the 
Tower." 

The  circumstances  of  the  duke  of  Suf- 
folk's death,  as  related  in  the  Rolls  of 
Parliament,  were  as  follow.  He  was  com- 
mitted to  the  Tower  on  charges  of  treaaoii 
on  the  28th  Jan.  1449-60.  On  the  17tli 
March  t  he  was  brought  to  the  bar  of  the 
House  of  Lords;  when  the  King,  instetd 
of  allowing  the  trial  to  proceed,  on  his 
own  authority,  and  without  the.  consent  of 
the  peers,  pronounced  upon  him  a  sentence 
of  banishment  for  five  years.  Against 
this  the  lords  immediately  entered  a  strong 


*  Edit.  Nasmith,  pp.  250,  S35;  edit  DaUaway,  pp.  140,  146. 

t  Since  the  reception  of  this  letter,  we  have  received  Intimation,  with  the  utmost 
regret,  of  the  decease  of  this  industrious  antiquary  and  amiable  man.    A  memohr  of  him 
will  be  given  in  our  number  for  December. — Syh,  Urban, 
Not  the  9th,  as  stated  by  Mr.  Bayley. 


520 


Correspondence  of  Sylvantu  Urban. 


[Nov. 


protest,  and,  as  the  conseqaent  act  of  vio- 
lence proved,  they  resolved  the  disgraced 
minister  should  not  thus  escape  their 
vengeance. 

The  first  of  May  was  fixed  for  his  de- 
parture. He  appears  to  have  embarked 
from  Ipswich  a  day  or  two  earlier,  *  in- 
tending to  sail  to  Calais.  On  the  30th  of 
April  he  was  encountered  off  the  coast  of 
Kent  by  the  parties  lying  in  wait  for  him, 
who,  taking  him  into  the  Nicholas  of  the 
Tower,  detained  him  therein  until  the  2d  of 
May,  when  he  was  beheaded  in  the  boat 
of  that  ship,  and  his  body  laid  on  the 
sands  of  Dover.f 

The  same  writer  adds  that  ^*  he  asked 
the  name  of  the  ship,  and  when  he  knew 
it,  he  remembered  Stacy,  that  said,  if  he 
might  escape  the  danger  of  the  Tower  he 


should  be  lafe ;  and  then  his  heart  fidled 
him,  for  he  thought  he  waa  deceived." 

The  act  of  parliament  of  1442  thowi 
that  the  Nicholas  of  the  Tower  waa  private 
property  at  that  date;  and  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed that  she  continued  lo  in  1450. 
The  duke  of  Exeter  may  either  have 
owned  her  (as  the  great  lords  of  the  time 
were  frequently  ship-owners),  or  he  may 
have  commissioned  her  for  the  special  ob- 
ject proposed.  There  seems  to  have  been 
no  royal  navy  during  the  greater  part  of 
the  fifteenth  century ;  from  the  time  when 
king  Henry  the  Fifth  sold  his  ships  at 
Southampton  in  May  1423,  until  the  reign 
of  Henry  the  Seventh.  (Nicolas,  Proe. 
of  the  Privy  Council,  vol.  v.  p.  cscxvi.) 
Yours,  fcc.        J.  O.  N. 


Old  Market  Cross,  at  Sedberoh,  in  Yorkshire. 


Springfield  Mountt  Leeds, 
22  Oc/.  1861. 
Mr.  Urban, — As  our  national  and 
local  antiquities  are  fast  disappearing, 
would  it  not  be  well  to  bring  before  the 
antiquarian  world  every  instance  of  their 
destruction  ;  and,  where  this  has  taken 
place  long  ago,  to  collect  such  accounts  as 
may  serve  as  some  index  of  the  past  ? 
With  this  object,  1  venture  to  send  for 
insertion  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine 
an  instance  of  the  destruction  of  a  market 
cross  two  centuries  since ;  which  at  the 
same  time  may  afford  some  idea  of  the 
rancorous  spirit  which  actuated  all  ranks 
during  the  middle  of  the  17  th  century,  and 
hold  up  a  vivid  contrast  to  the  much  happier 
state  of  things  in  the  present  day.  It  is 
extracted  from  an  old  work  without  date, 
entitled,  ''The  Faithful  Testimony  of 
that  antient  Servant  of  the  Lord,  and  mi- 
nister of  the  everiasting  Gospel,  William 
Dewsbery  ;  in  his  Books,  Epistles,  and 
Writings,  collected  and  printed  for  future 
Service.''  He  was  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent of  the  ministers  of  the  early  Quakers, 
and  the  above  volume  I  apprehend  to 
have  been  published  shortly  after  his 
death,  which  took  place  at  Warwick, 
17  April,  1688,  O.S.  It  commences  with 
"  A  Testimony  concerning  that  faithful 
Servant  of  the  Lord  William  Dewsbery, 
from  us  who  have  long  known  him,  and 
his  faithful  Travels  and  Labours  and 
suffering,  in  and  for  the  Gospel  of  Christ," 
dated  London,  nineteenth,  twelfth  month 
1689,  and  signed  by  George  Whitehead, 


Steeven  Crisp,  Francis  Camfeild,  Rlehnrd 
Richardson,  Richard  Finder,  James  Parkes. 
Subjoined  to  this,  is  the  following  memo- 
randum : 

*'  One  remarkable  passage  I  often  re- 
member :  about  the  year,  1653,  npon  a 
market-day,  at  Sedbory  [Sedbergfa]  in 
Yorkshire,  as  W.  D.  w^s  pnblishiqg  the 
Truth  at  the  Market  Cross,  and  warning 
the  People  to  turn  from  the  evil  of  their 
ways  to  the  Grace  of  God,  and  to  the 
Light  in  their  Consciences,  &c.  some 
rude  persons  endeavouring  with  violence 
to  push  him  down,  and  setting  Uieir 
Backs  against  a  high  stone  Cross,  with 
their  hands  against  him,  they  pnsht  down 
the  cross,  which  with  the  fall  broke  in 
pieces,  many  being  about  it ;  yet  it  missed 
the  People,  and  little  or  no  hurt  was  done 
thereby,  whereas,  if  it  had  ftdlen  npon 
them,  divers  might  have  been  killed.  This 
preservation  I  and  divers  more  obserfod 
then  as  a  special  Providence  of  God  at* 
tending  him  in  his  Labour,  though  I  WM 
then  but  a  youth  of  sixteen  years  old,  or 
thereabouts,  being  convinced  of  Tratii 
above  a  year  before." — G.  W. 

Dr.  Whitaker,  in  his  elaborate  HIstoij 
of  Richmondshire,  has  surveyed  the  parfau 
of  Sedbergh,  witii  its  Saxon  fortifiet- 
tions,  church,  and  well-endowed  Grammar 
school,  but  makes  no  mention  of  this 
ruined  cross,  so  we  may  fairly  oonclnde 
that  all  trace  of  it  has  disappeared,  or  that 
it  was  afterwards  supplanted  by  another. 
Yours,  &c. 

C.  J.  Armibtbad. 


*  In  the  Fasten  Letters  is  his  farewell  letter  to  his  son,  written  "  tiie  day  of  my 
departing  from  this  land,**  but  it  has  no  other  date, 
f  Letter  of  W.  Lomner  in  the  Paston  Letters. 


9 


521 


NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH. 

Necessity  of  instituting  an  Order  of  Merit  open  to  all  claxsea — Excavation  of  a  Saxon  Burial-ground 
near  Great  Wilbraliam,  Cambridgeshire — Barrows  opened  by  Lord  Londesborough  in  Yorkshire — 
The  Mint  Wall  at  Lincoln— Painting  obliterated  in  St.  Cuthbert'M  church,  Wells— Catalogue  of  Mr. 
llalliwell's  Collection  of  Old  Englifth  Ballads,  &c.— Sale  of  Mr.  Cottingham's  Collection  of  Mediaeval 
Antiqmties— Sale  of  Mr.  TumbuirH  Antiquarian  Library  at  Edinburgh— T>'pographical  error  of 
the  Quarterly  Review  in  lines  from  Dryden— Recent  non-historical  Publications. 


The  CLOSE  OF  THE  Great  Exhibi- 
tion has  been  the  event  of  the  month  of 
October.  Coming  to  an  end  whilst  yet 
in  the  very  blaze  of  its  fame,  the  beau- 
tiful vision  has  faded  away  majestically. 
Heartily  do  we  congratulate  the  managers 
upon  the  well-earned  honours  which  have 
been  conferred  upon  them.  Men  never 
did  work  assigned  to  them  more  satisfac- 
torily. Long  may  they  live  to  enjoy  their 
distinctions  !  One  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  remains  as  yet  unrewarded. 
He  is  not  a  servant  of  the  Crown,  and 
therefore  the  order  of  the  Bath  is  not  open 
to  him.  He  is  a  man  well  to  do  in  the 
world,  and  therefore  mere  money  will  not 
be  acceptable  to  him.  Surely  this  is  a 
case  which  will  force  upon  the  attention 
of  people  in  high  places  the  propriety,  nay 
even  the  absolute  necessity,  of  instituting 
some  Order  of  Merit  open  to  men  of 
all  classes,  and  in  which  good  service  of 
every  kind  may  be  duly  recognised.  The 
want  of  some  such  honorary  order  is  one 
of  the  strangest  of  our  social  anomalies. 
As  a  people  we  are  ready  to  acknowledge 
merit,  delighted  to  do  it  honour.  It  is 
singular  that  our  rulers  cannot  see  the  im- 
portance to  themselves  of  confirming  the 
public  voice,  and  uniting  all  those  who  do 
honour  to  the  country,  to  one  another, 
and  to  the  throne.  This  subject  has  been 
well  commented  upon  by  our  contempo- 
rary Notes  and  Queries. 

The  Hox.  R.  C.  Neville  has  for  some 
weeks  employed  a  number  of  labourers  in 
excavating  a  locality  near  Great  Wil- 
braham,  in  Cambridgeshire,  long 
since  known  as  the  site  of  a  Saxon  Bu- 
rial Ground.  Various  interesting  re- 
mains have  been  from  time  to  time  dis> 
covered  there,  but  it  appears  that  they 
have  hitherto  rather  served  to  gratify  the 
avidity  of  collectors  than  promote  the  ends 
of  antiquarian  research,  which  is  Mr.  Ne- 
ville's aim  in  making  a  systematic  inves- 
tigation, and  taking  advantage  of  the  op- 
portunities it  affords  of  getting  at  facts. 
As  the  mounds  which  at  one  time  covered 
the  graves  have  been  long  since  levelled, 
trenches  have  been  cut,  in  order  to  ascer- 
tain the  position  of  the  tumuli.  We  are 
informed  that  the  skulls  of  the  skeletons 
which  are  found  in  most  of  the  graves  are 
of  two  ^ry  decided  characters,  and  of 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


very  distinct  periods;  that  the  older  graves 
contain  but  few  and  rude  beads,  and  that 
the  skulls  in  these  are  of  remarkable  flat^* 
ness,  the  orbits  of  the  eyes  being  almost  at 
the  top  of  the  head,  which  is  long  and 
most  deficient  in  size  ;  that,  in  the  other 
class  of  graves  wliich  furnish  beads, 
swords,  knives,  spear-heads,  and  fibulse  in 
profusion,  the  skulls  are  high  and  well 
developed  in  front.  This  is  the  popular 
ethnological  view  of  the  result  of  the  dis- 
coveries. But  we  do  not  see  why  the  ab- 
sence of  frontal  space  in  the  skulls  de- 
cides them  to  be  anterior  in  date  to  the 
others ;  and  we  shall  look  for  that  rigid 
attention  to  authenticated  facts  which  is 
necessary  before  theories  can  be  main- 
tained, and  which  we  make  no  doubt  Mr. 
Neville  has  adopted  the  proper  means  to 
secure.  Upwards  of  a  hundred  urns  of 
dark-coloured  unbaked  earth  are  said  to 
have  been  exhumed.  In  some  graves  have 
been  found  thin  bronze  dishes,  and  a 
wooden  bucket  or  pail,  hooped  and  orna- 
mented with  bronze,  with  a  handle  still 
attached.  This  is  a  rather  important  dis- 
covery, which  does  not  square  with  the 
opinions  of  those  who  saw  in  a  very  simi* 
lar  object,  found  some  time  since  at  Wil- 
braham,  a  Saxon  crown  or  diadem.*  In 
several  graves  umboes  of  shields  were 
found;  within  one  of  these  the  handle 
yet  remained,  grasped  by  the  finger* 
bones  of  a  human  hand.  The  skeletons 
of  a  man  and  horse  occupied  one  grave, 
with  a  sword  placed  between  them.  In 
another,as  many  as  four  fibulse  were  found, 
together  with  sixty-four  beads  of  various 
materials.  One  of  the  swords  discovered 
is  said  to  be  of  a  very  superior  description ; 
the  bkide  as  usual  of  iron,  but  the  handle 
ornamented  with  bronze. 

We  understand  that  it  is  Mr.  Neville's 
intention  to  exhibit  these  interesting  ob* 
jects  at  an  early  meeting  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  when  the  particnlars  con- 
nected with  their  discovery  will  doubtless 
accompany  the  exhibition. 

Lord    Londesborough    has    com- 


*  A  correspondent  of  The  Times  directs 
attention  to  the  correction  of  this  error  by 
Mr.  Roach  Smith,  in  his  Collectanea  An- 
tique, vol.  ii.  where  this  identical  vessel  ii 
engraved,  and  designated  a  pail. 

3X 


522 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


[Nov. 


meaced  ejlCAVATino  the  barrows  upon 
his  extensive  property  in  the  county  of 
York,  and  Mr.  "NV.  Bowman,  who  superin- 
tends the  operations  under  the  direction 
of  his  lordship,  a  few  days  since  examined 
some  near  Driffield.     One  of  the  most  re- 
markable contained  a  large  cist,  or  sarco- 
phagus, formed  of  stone  slabs  in  the  na- 
tural chalk  soil,  paved  with  thin  stones, 
and  covered  with  a  slab,  all  of  mill-stone 
grit,  brought  from   a   very  considerable 
distance.     Tn  this  stone  coffin  was  a  skele- 
ton,  bt'low  the  knees  of  which  lay  a  drink- 
ing cup  of   ornamented  clay,  resembling 
those  found  in  barrows  in  Staffordshire, 
Derbyshire,  and  in  the  west  of  England, 
but   in  some   particulars    differing  from 
those  found  in  Yorkshire.     At  the  side 
lay  a  small  bronze  dagger,  which  had  been 
buried  in  a  wooden  siieath  ;  an  armlet  in 
bone,  of  a  very  unusual  description,  with 
gold-headed  bronze  rivets,  and  a  bronze 
buckle,  and  some  large  amber  beads  and 
ornament^.      In   the  same  barrow  were 
five  other  skeletons,  with  some  weapons 
in  stone  and  an  urn.     Some  barrows  near 
Londesborough  are  also  being  examined, 
and  we  believe  his  lordship  intends  send- 
ing a  report  of  his  interesting  researches 
to  tiie  Society  of  Antiquaries.     The  ex- 
perience which  Mr.  Bowman  has  acquired 
during  his  co-operation  with   Mr.   Bate- 
man  in   Derbyshire,  is  a  guarantee  that 
these  ancient  burial-places  will  be  fully 
and  properly  examined.  Mr.  Bowman,  we 
understand,  intends  publishing  a  series  of 
l)lates  illustrative  of  the  more  remarkable 
Yorkshire   antiquities,     llie  work  is   to 
appear  quarterly.     Mr.  Ecroyd  Smith  is 
also  engaged  in  preparing  plates  of  the 
Roman  remains  found  at  Aldborough  by 
Mr.  Lawson. 

The  well-known  Roman  remains  com- 
monly called  the  Mint  Wall,  at  Lin- 
coln, are  at  this  moment  being  com- 
pletely blocked  up  by  a  house  which  is 
building  almost  close  to  the  western  side, 
which  heretofore  was  open.  Tlie  site  was 
granted  for  this  purpose  by  the  Dean  and 
Cha))ter,  and  as  the  house  which  b  being 
erected  is  for  a  parish  school,  it  may  be 
questioned  if,  in  their  anxious  enthusiasm 
for  promotin;;^  education,  the  nature  of 
the  remains  which  will  be  inclosed  was  duly 
considered.  It  is  said  that  a  zealous  an- 
tiquary of  the  city  represented  the  bad 
taste  of  thus  hiding  a  monument  of  such 
interest,  and  tried  to  save  it,  but  in  vain. 
After  the  reception  which  the  Archoeolo- 
gical  Institute  met  with  in  Lincoln  in 
1848,  it  might  have  been  hoped  that  the 
ancient  remains  in  that  interesting  city 
would  have  been  better  cared  for.  Since 
that  visit  the  interesting  remains  of  do- 
mestic architecture  at  John  of  Gaunt's 


Fulace  have  been  removed ;  but  the  beau- 
tiful oriel  window  engraved  in  Pngin's 
Examples  is,  we  understand,  preseired  at 
the  Castle. 

Since  the  ArchKological  Inf  tituta's  re- 
cent visit  to  the  city  of  WeUa,  and  indeed 
very  soon  after  their  departuret  a  wall- 
painting  of  our  Saviour,  which  was  dis- 
covered a  few  yean  since  in  St.  Cutfabert's 
church,  has  been  obliterated.  This  is  the 
more  unaccountable,  since  some  attempts 
had  been  previously  made  to  restore  it. 
We  will  admit,  however,  that  there  was 
nothing  very  admirable,  nor  jet  anj 
offensive,  in  its  design — a  whole- 
naked  figure.  We  hope,  nevertheless,  tl 
the  extraordinary  assemblage  of  sculptured 
saints,  belonging  to  two  altar-screens, 
which  wc  saw  in  the  vestry  of  the  same 
church,  will  be  better  cared  for. 

Mr.  IIalliwell  having  expressed  his 
intention  of  presenting  his  large  and  valu- 
able Collection  of  Old  English  Bal- 
lads ,  Proc  l  AM  ATI  ONs  and  Bro  adsidis, 
amounting  to  upwards  of  two  thousand  in 
number,  to  the  Chetham  Library  at  Man- 
chester, a  detailed  Catalogue  of  them  is 
now  preparing  for  the  press.  It  will  form 
a  quarto  volume  of  considerable  sise,  the 
impression  of  which  will  be  most  strictly 
limited  to  one  hundred  copies  at  S/.  2f . 
each. 

The  collection  of  MEDiisVAL  Akti- 
QUiTiES  formed  by  the  late  Mb.  Cot- 
ting  ham,  and  which  has  been  more  than 
once  noticed  in  our  pages,  is  about  to  be 
sold  by  auction  by  Messrs.  Foster.  TIm 
sale  will  commence  on  the  3rd  November, 
and  will  last  about  fifteen  days. 

Our  readers  may  be  reminded  that  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  will  resume 
its  SITTINGS  on  Thursday  November  20th, 
and  will  continue  to  meet  every  Thursday 
evening  afterwards  until  Christmas. 

llie  Literary  Gazette  is  about  to 
resume  its  old  custom  of  reporting  the 
proceedings  of  Learned  Societies.  Tt  la 
to  be  enlarged  to  24,  and  occasionally  to 
32  pages,  and  the  price  to  be  raised  to 
fourpence. 

No.  I.  has  been  published  of  a  New 
Series  of  the  Journal  of  Sacred  Lite- 
rature ;  edited  by  Dr.  Kitto.  It  b 
an  excellent  number.  The  opening  paper 
contains  a  new  explanation  of  the  tanng 
in  Luke  ii.  1—5,  and  there  are  valuable 
papers  on  the  Jesuits,  the  Sabbath,  tke 
Rephaim,  and  other  equally  important 
subjects. 

An  antiquarian  library  of  eztraordiiirty 
extent  and  value  is  about  to  be  dispcncd 
by  public  auction  at  Edinbuigh.  It  ii 
that  of  W.  B.  D.  D.  TumbuU,  esq.  Advo- 
cate, and  will  occupy  fourteen  dave*  It 
includes  the  County  Hittoriei  and  other 


1851.J 


Notes  of  the  Month. 


523 


most  valuable  books  of  South  Britain,  as 
well  as  fdmost  every  historical  work  re- 
lating to  Scotland ;  and  complete  sets  of 
the  several  Club  Books  and  qther  privately 
printed  works.  We  observe  that  the  same 
auctioneers  (Messrs.  Tait  and  Nisbet)  an- 
nounce also  for  future  sale  the  library, 
manuscripts,  and  autographs  of  the  late 
Mr.  C.  Kirkpatrick  Sharpe,  of  Hoddam  ; 
and  the  extensive  library  of  the  late  Lord 
Dundrennan,  one  of  the  senators  of  the 
College  of  Justice. 

Frequent  and  famous  as  typographical 
errors  undoubtedly  are,  they  have  seldom  , 
been  surpassed  for  perversion  of  the  sense 
by  one  which  found  its  way  into  the  last 
number   of   the   Quarterly  Review.      It 
occurred  in  Dryden's  lines  descriptive  of 
a  model  country  parson,  supposed  to  have 
been  intended  for  Bishop  Ken — 
A  parish  priest  was  of  the  pilgrim  train, 
An  awftil,  reverend,  and  religious  man, 

*  *  *  4 

Of  sixty  ycitrs  he  seemed,  and  well  might  last 
To  8ix^-  more,  but  that  he  lived  too  fSut. 

A  correspondent  in  the  Illustrated  Lon- 
don News  has  pointed  out  that  the  same 
ridiculous  error  was  committed  in  Ander- 
son's edition  of  the  British  Poets,  Edinb. 
1795 ;  but  then,  aa  he  observes,  the  now 
common  phrase  of  '*  living  fast'*  had  not 
assumed  its  present  import. 

Nine  new  rooms  on  the  ground  floor  of 
the  Louvre  have  been  opened  to  the  pub- 
lic. They  contain  a  collection  of  French 
sculptures,  from  the  time  of  Louis  XII. 
to  the  modern  sculptors,  Uoudon  and 
Chauet.  Three  other  rooms  are  to  be 
opened  with  sculptures  of  the  middle 
ages. 

Mr.  Mitchell,  of  Bond  Street,  is  ftre- 
paringfor  publication^  on  the  1st  Decern* 
her,  a  beautifully  illustrated  work  on  the 
"  Parables  qf  our  Saviour,**  The  de- 
signs are  by  Franklin,  and  the  engravings 
(in  line)  by  Lightfoot,  Joubert,  Watt, 
Goodall,  Nusser  of  Dusseldorff,  and  Blan- 
chard  of  Paris. 

Amongst  recently  published  works  we 
have  received  the  following  : 

The  Greek  Sepiuagint  Vereion  qf  the 
Old  Teitameni,  according  to  the  Vaiican 
edition :  together  with  the  real  Septuagint 
Vernon  of  Daniel  and  the  Apocrypha^ 
including  the  fourth  book  qf  Maecabeee, 
and  an  Hittorical  Introduction,  %vo, 
Bagtter.  1 85 1  .—The  Vatican  text  of  the 
Septuagint  is  the  textue  receptue^boih  of 
Protestants  and  Romanists.  It  is  here 
given  in  a  convenient  form,  and  in  good 
type,  with  a  valuable  Introduction,  in 
which  the  history  of  the  Septuagint  and 
an  account  of  the  several  texts  are  sue- 
cinctly  but  accurately  detailed. 

The   New  Ttitament,    The  received 


tejptf  with  selected  various  readings  from 
Griesbachf  Seholz,  Lachmann,  and  7¥«- 
chendorf  and  rrferenees  to  parallel  pas- 
sages, Bagster.  Svo,  1851. — ^This  is  a 
library  edition  of  the  New  Testament  from 
Mills's  text.  It  is  a  haudsome  book, 
printed  iu  excellent  type,  and  with  very 
useful  marginal  references  ;  a  more  con- 
venient edition  can  scarcely  be  imagined* 

A  contribution  towards  an  argument 
for  the  plenary  inspiration  of  Scripture, 
derived  from  the  minute  Historical  Ae- 
count  qfthe  Scriptures  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment ^  as  proved  by  certain  ancient  Egyp- 
tian and  Assyrian  Remains  preserved  in 
the  British  Museum.  By  Arachnophilus, 
Bagster,  8po.  1851. —A  slight  indication 
of  the  very  important  bearing  upon  bibli- 
cal studies  of  the  recent  discoveries  of 
Colonel  Rawlinson  and  Mr.  Layard. 

The  Order  for  Visitation  and  CommUm 
nion  qfthe  Sickt  and  the  ministration  qf 
private  baptism  qf  children:  to  which  are 
added  Psalms  and  Lessons  suitable  for 
the  edification  qf  sick  persons,  selected 
and  arrangedf  with  some  suggestions  as 
to  their  use  at  the  visitation  of  the  sick. 
By  Ralph  Allen  Mould,  M,A.  Riving- 
tons.  l9mo.  1851. — ^A  little  book,  care- 
fully  compiled,  and  designed  to  be  the 
clergyman's  companion  on  his  visits  to 
the  sick  chamber. 

Thoughts  on  Confession  and  Absolution 
as  enjoined  or  allowed  in  the  Church  qf 
England,  with  some  remarks  on  the 
priestly  office :  being  a  sequel  to  a  tract 
entitled  **  Quid  Roma  faciam,"  or,  no 
need  to  Join  the  Romish  Communion  on 
account  qf  the  want  qf  discipline  in  the 
Church  of  England,  By  the  Rev,  Thomae 
Bawdier,  M,A,  Rivingtons,  Bvo,  1851. 
— The  author  considers  confession  to  the 
clergy  necessary,  in  order  that  they  may 
duly  perform  their  visitatorial  office,  and 
absolution  a  power  given  to  them  by  the 
laying  on  of  the  hands  of  the  bishop  and 
presbyters  in  the  office  of  ordination. 

The  principles  of  Chemistry  illustrated 
by  simple  experiments.  By  Dr,  Julius 
Adolph  Stdckhardt.  Translatedfrom  the 
jyih  German  edition  by  C,  H,  Peiree, 
M.D,  Bohn.  1851.  (Bohn*s  Scientific 
Library,) — ^This  ii  a  reprint  of  an  Ameri^ 
can  translation  of  a  German  elementary 
work  of  great  value  and  celebrity.  It  is 
illustrated  by  a  number  of  very  useful 
wood-cuts. 

The  Metamorphoses  of  Ovid.  Literally 
translated  into  English  prose  with  copious 
notes  and  explanations,  by  Henry  T, 
Riley,  B,A.  Bohn.  1851.  (Bohn's  Ctae- 
sicml  Likrary.) — The  additional  matter 
contributed  by  the  editor,  and  especially 
the  mythological  explanations,  prinoiptUy 
derived  firom  the  Abb4  Banter,  will  be 


524 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Nov. 


found  to  render  this  book  extremely  use- 
fttl.  The  numerous  notes  depreciatory  of 
Clarke's  translation  might  have  been  very 
well  spared. 

Ida  de  Gaits.  A  Tragedy  of  Powya 
Castle.  By  the  Rev.  R.  W.  Morgan. 
Lond.  Baieman,  %vo.  1851.-— A  poem  of 
great  boldness  and  power.  The  author 
has  aimed  high,  and  not  altogether  unsuc- 
cessfully. With  many  faults  of  language 
and  situation,  there  is  yet  enough  that  is 
really  good  in  his  tragedy  to  deserve 
commendation   and   encouragement.     Its 


great  defect  is  a  want  of  simplidt?  in 
language,  the  using  of  common  words  in 
uncommon  ways  and  senses.  Hence  arise 
confusion  and  weakness.  If  the  author 
would  do  better,  he  must  cease  to  be  an 
imitator,  and  express  his  own  thoughts  in 
the  simplest  words  he  knows. 

The  Crystal  Palace,  a  Sketch.  L9md, 
Soe.  Prom.  Christ.  Knowl.  1851.  We 
believe  by  the  Rev.  T.  B.  Murray,  whose 
name  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  its 
character. — It  will  be  an  acceptable  pre- 
sent to  young  people. 


MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Spring  Tide;  or^  the  Angler  and  his 
Friends.  By  John  Yonge  Akerman. 
London,  sm.  Svo.  1851.  —  Angling  is 
fortunate  in  its  literature.  No  sooner 
does  a  practLser  of  the  gentle  art  take  pen 
in  hand   than   the  spirit  of  old   Izaak  * 

*  This  is  a  convenient  place  in  which 
to  draw  attention  to  a  new  edition  of 
Walton's  celebrated  work.  It  is  entitled, 
"  The  Complete  Angler ;  or,  the  con- 
templative man*s  recreation  :  in  two 
parts:  by  Izaak  Walton  and  Charles 
Cotton;  with  a  new  introduction  and 
noteSf  and  embellished  with  eighty-Jive 
engravings  on  copper  and  wood.  London, 
H.  K.  Causton.  1851."  Svo.  The  intro- 
duction contains  a  new  life  of  Walton, 
which  deals  critically  with  the  facts  ad- 
duced by  former  writers.  It  gives  also 
some  particulars  respecting  the  editions 
of  Walton's  Angler  wliich  are  worthy  to 
be  had  in  remembrance.  It  was  first 
published  in  1653.  There  were  subse- 
quent editions  during  Walton's  life,  in 
1655,  1664.  1668,  and  finally  in  1676, 
with  the  addition  of  the  second  part  by 
Cotton.  The  book  then  slept  until  1750, 
when  the  Rev.  Moses  Browne  edited  an 
edition  of  both  parts,  which  was  pub- 
lished by  Henry  Kent.  Brown's  edition 
was  reprinted  at  the  same  press  in  1759, 
and  another  edition,  enlarged  and  with  a 
new  set  of  plates,  was  published  by 
Richard  and  Henry  Causton,  nephews 
and  successors  to  Henry  Kent,  in  1772. 
The  edition  now  before  us  has  the  cu- 
riosity of  having  been  "issued  from  the 
same  press"  which  "one  hundred  and 
one  years  since"  put  forth  "the  first 
reprint  of  Walton  and  Cotton^s  complete 
Angler."  We  presume  from  the  initials 
at  the  end  of  the  introduction  that  it  has 
been  edited  by  some  relative,  perhaps  a 
son,  of  the  printer,  who  thus  claims  an 
hereditary  interest  in  Walton's  fame.  The 
plates  are  old  and  well-worn  favourites. 


seems  to  rest  upon  him.  Country  sights 
and  sounds  are  conjured  up  around  vm, 
the  clouds  sail  along  on  their  airy  voyages, 
the  cowslip  banks  invite  us,  rippMng 
streams  murmur  gently  by,  we  listen  to 
the  warbling  of  birds — 

The  finch,  the  sparrow,  and  the  lark, 
The  plain-song  cuckoo  gray,— • 

and  the  dew  is  wet  upon  the  grass  when 
the  hope  of  sport  tempts  us  abroad  in  the 
early  morning.     In  these  books  also  all 
the  brethren  of  the  angle  stand  forth  as 
men  of  one  stamp^reflective,  generous, 
kind,  lovers  of  the  muse,  simple-hearted, 
affectionate,  and  religious.    There  is  always 
at  hand  too  a  remarkable  ale-house  with 
a   brewing  of  the  best,  and  a  landlady 
"  cleanly,   handsome,   and   civil."      Mr. 
Akerman's  pleasant  volume  is  not  de- 
fective in  any  of  these  particulars.      It 
consists    of   conversations  a  la  Walton 
between  Sencx  and  Julian,  an  old  fisher- 
man and  his  scholar,  with  the  addition  of 
one  Simon  Paradice,  a  rustic  helper  of 
the  sport,  ever  ready  with  a  landi^-net, 
and  a  would-be  witty  anecdote  called  from 
"  the  short  and  simple  annals  of  thepoor." 
This  Simon,  who  is  a  substitute  for  Walton'* 
Milk-maid,  adds  life  to  the  piscatory  drama, 
and  his  language  is  a  vehicle  which  Mr. 
Akerman    has    taken  advantage    of   for 
throwing  a  tinge  over  the  book  congenial 
to  his  other  studies  and  pursuits.    In  the 
uncouth  words  and  pronunciation  of  tUa 
"  simple  Simon  "  Mr.  Akerman  disoovera 
relics  of  the  speech  of  our  Saxon  fore- 
fathers, **  samples  of  the  language  of  Alfred 
the  Great."    The  extent  to  which  he  it 
right  in  this  part  of  his  book  is  a  point 
upon  which  he  must  expect  to  find  aome 
little  difference  of  opinion.    A  good  many 
thorny  philological  questions    beset  tlw 
subject  as  he  states  it,  bat  a  text  for  tlieir 
consideration  would  arise  more  appro- 
priately upon  a  work  of  Latham  or  Uacit, 
or  some  other  of  oar  great  philolofeni 


18S1.] 


MiiceUaneou.li  Reviews. 


thiin  upon  b  book  whose  main  subjecC  ia 
fishing  aail  not  philology,  h  book  too,whicb, 
as  a  vfhola,  ia  so  agreeable  and  aniQaing. 
Never,  in  oar  recollection,  haa  "  Cbe  coii- 

dered  more  attractire,  nor  tbe  delighti  of 
B  country  life  been  set  forth  with  a  truer 
or  more  diacrirainaliDg  zeat,  than  in  tbeae 
pleasant  pages. 

A  eoaciie  Mitlorieal,  Bioj/ri^hieai,  and 
Otniahjieal  Allow,  qf  Iht  Principal 
Evenli  in  Ihi  Hiitorin  of  England, 
France,  Spain,  Porlagat,  Oermany,and 
Italy:  alio  Iht  celebralid  EuraptoM 
Tnaiia,  Painteri,  S(c.  Deiigntd  and 
Compiled  by  Heneage  Lowth.  Largt  ito- 
— Thie  work  conaiet*  of,  1.  a  series  of 
ontline  maps  of  the  principal  countries  of 
Europe,  colaared  according  to  their  an- 
cient teritorial  diTJaioas,  and  covered  with 
notes  of  tbe  moat  importint  hiatorlol 
events  and  dlatiogainbed  nattiea,  placed 
at  tbe  localities  to  vbich  they  belong ; 
3.  tabalar  genealogical  deacenta  of  the 
succesaiTe  dyaasliea,  alao  diatii^niahed 
by  variouB  coloura ;  and  3.  biatorieal 
aummariea,  chroaological  calendari  of 
e'Snta,  and  liata  of  eminent  men,  marked 
with  correapondent  coloured  linM.  which 
are  intended  to  atsociata  them  to  the  eye 
with  the  periodic  dynaaties.  The  book  )■ 
in  the  main  b  transIatioD  from  the  French 
of  Leaage  ;  and  perhaps  it  ia  leaat  perfect 
in  the  part  relating  to  our  own  country.  In 
such  a  work  the  most  acmpnlona  accaracy 
is  an  absolute  deaideratam.  The  list  <rf 
errata  itself  shows  that  Chi*  has  not  been 
attained,  and  a  cursory  pernasl  betrays 
many  other  lapses.  Ia  the  brief  list  of 
Engliab  historians  we  meet  with  Cadmer 
for  Eadmer,  PacUingtan  for  Fackington, 
Wa/tAingAam  for  Walaiogbam,  Brondi 
for  Biondi,  and  Lord  George  LyUltlon 
for  George  Lord  Lytteltoa.  In  the  Ust 
page  of  Spain  is  another  awkward  mis- 
print: the  anecdote  ia  told'of  Dougiai 
with  the  heart  of  Brace  at  the  battle  of 
Osuna.  that  he  threw  it  into  the  thickest 
of  the  fray,  saying.  Pass  first  injligkl,  u 
tbou  wert  wont  I  Tbe  maid  of  Saragoaia, 
in  tbe  same  page,  will  be  thought  to  be- 
long to  1710  inttead  oF  1809,  if  the  stn- 
dent  is  not  already  acqaainted  with  her. 
Of  like  character  is  tbe  natiee  nnder 
"  Somersetshire,"  of  "  Limington,  Car- 
dinal Wolsey  put  into  the  stocks  by 
Amiaa  Powlell,"  without  any  intimation 
that  auch  occurrence,  if  true,  happened 
long  before  be  was  cardinal.  But  there 
ia  a  still  more  extraordinary  misalatem«nt 
on  the  map  at  Bury  St.  Edmund'a,  "  Lady 
Jane  Grey  first  proclaimed^' — an  error 
apparently  originating  from  the  tact  of 
that  town  haying  the  reputation  of  beiDf 


525 

tlie  first  to  proclaim  Queen  Mary,  at  the 
time  that  Jane  was  actually  the  acknow- 
ledged sovereign  in  the  metropolia.  Sacb 
Dversights  as  theae  detract  from  Che  merit 
of  a  work,  which  in  ita  general  aeope  will 
be   fonad    very   effective   fnr   educational 

Chritliati  Iconographg  ■  <.r  lAe  Hiitarj/ 
of  CAriilian  Art  in  lAe  Middle  Agia.  ^ 
M.  Didron,  See.  da  comili  HMorique  dm 
Aril  et  MoHument:  Trantltled  Jrom 
the  French  by  E.  J.  Millington.  Vol.  I, 
{Eoha't  niualraled  Liirary.)  —  Pew 
readers  of  oor  Magaiine  can  be  altogether 
unacquainted  with  the  value  of  the  work 
which  is  here  for  the  Brat  time  presented 
lathe  English  public.  It  is  indeed  the 
foundation  of  almost  all  our  knowledge  of 
Christian  Iconography.  The  little  that 
WIS  written  upon  the  subject  amongst 
ourselves,  before  the  publication  of  M. 
Didrou's  volume,  was  of  very  small  value, 
and,  with  one  great  eiception — Mr*. 
Jameson's  work  on  Sacred  and  Legen- 
dary Art— what  baa  since  been  done  baa 
not  been  much  moie  than  an  occasioiuil, 
and  too  frequently  a  very  imperfecC,  appU- 
cEition  of  Jf.  Didron's  principles  of  ar- 
raogenieoC  to  examples  eiisCing  in  oor 
own  country.  To  Choaepersona  who  hsTS 
made  Ibemaelves  thoroughly  acquainted 
with  M.  Didron's  work,  it  has  long  been 
a  subjecC  of  regret  that  ten  years  have 
been  allowed  to  alip  away  withont  any 
further  progress  laving  been  made  to- 
wards the  completion  of  tbe  eiteniive  and  ' 
comprehensite  scbeme  whioh  tbe  aathor 
announced  in  hia  In  trod  action.  Such 
delay  makes  one  fear  that,  like  maoT 
other  labourers  in  Che  antiquarian  fleld, 
M.  Didrno  conceived  a  design  too  voat 
for  Bccnmplisbment  by  s  »ngle  person, 
and  tbst  it  would  liave  been  better  for 
srcbsological  litrrsture.aad  his  own  fame^ 
if  his  energies  bnd  been  concentrated,  leas 
ambitiously,  upon  some  portion  of  the 
long  courac  of  inquiry  which  he  enthu- 
aiasticslly  set  before  him. 

The  original  of  the  present  portion  of 
M.  Didron's  work  was  compleled  with  la 
much  care  nsconld  well  be  bestowed  upon 
such  an  undertaking.  A  committee  of 
the  Society  of  Arts  and  Monuments,  com- 
prising Messrs.  Delfcluie  and  Da  Som* 
merard,  Baron  Taylor  and  the  Comte  de  . 
Monlalembert,  conferred  with  tbe  author, 
and  in  conjunction  with  bim  considered 
tbe  whole  of  hia  work.  Upon  their  report 
the  Society  recommended  tbe  work  to  IX. 
Villemoin,  at  (hat  time  Minister  of  Pablie 
Instruition.  and  under  his  authority  Ibe 
book  was  printed  at  the  public  ex|)enie. 

The  present  volume  of  the  translstloo 
includes  Che  Introductioa ;  Part  1.  which 


526 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


[Noy. 


treats  of  the  nimbus,  aureole,  glory,  and 
other  external  indications  of  the  visible 
brilliancy  which  is  held  to  surround  beings 
of  an  order  superior  to  man ;  and  Part  II. 
which  relates  to  the  representations  of  the 
three  Persons  of  the  Trinity,  with  varieties 
of  the  cross  and  other  cognate  emblems. 
The  translation  is  the  work  of  Miss 
Millington,  the  lady  who  rendered  into 
English  SchlegePs  ^Esthetic  and  Miscella- 
neous Works,  published  by  Mr.  Bohn  in 
his  Standard  Library,  and,  as  far  as  we 
have  been  able  to  test  it,  is  very  ably  exe- 
cuted. 

The  subject  of  the  work  will  commend 
it  to  the  attention  of  all  persons  who  are 
desirous  of  thoroughly  understanding  those 
monuments  of  early  art  by  which  we  are 
surrounded.  Nor  will  it  be  found  merely 
useful  to  inquirers.  It  will  be  generally 
attractive,  from  the  multitude  of  illustra- 
tions which  the  publisher  has  been  able 
to  crowd  into  it.  By  arrangement  with 
M.  Didron,  Mr.  Bohn  has  procured  the 
use  of  the  woodcuts  published  in  the  ori- 
ginal work.  They  comprise  no  less  than 
130  illustrative  examples,  derived  from  a 
multitude  of  MSS.  and  other  works  of  art, 
scattered  about  in  various  places,  many  of 
them  never  represented  before.  These 
plates  give  the  translation  great  value,  and 
are  a  pleasing  exemplification  of  the  way 
in  which  illustrated  literature  may  be  ninde 
common  to  all  nations. 


We  have  received  a  copy  of  a  pamphlet 
entitled  The  Abbey  uf  Saint  Alban :  Some 
extracts  from  Hi  Early  History ^  and  a 
Description  of  its   Conventual  Church  ; 
which  has  been  prepared  •*  chiefly  for  the 
use  of  visitors,"  by  the  Rector,  the  Rev. 
Dr.    NicholHon.      It    is    compiled  from 
Messrs.  Buckler's  recent  work  on  the  ar« 
chitecture  of  this  venerable  church,  and 
from   other  8ub8t.;ntial   authorities,    and 
appears   to  be  admirably  adapted  to  its 
purpose.     In  a  uniform  shape  we  are  pre- 
sented with  TVro  Papers  read  at  a  meet- 
ing of  the  St.  Alban' s  Architectural  and 
Archipological  Society.     One  of  these,  by 
Dr.   Nicholson,    is    "  Some    account   of 
Relics  preserved  in  a  church  at  Cologne, 
considered  to  be  part  of  the  body  of  St. 
Alban.''     The  inquiry  has  been  pursued 
with  great  care  and  perseverance  ;  but  the 
result,  historically,  is  not  very  satisfactory. 
As  generally  happens  in  such  matters,  con- 
flicting claims  have  to  be  reconciled,  and 
their  reconciliation  is  next  to  impossible. 
The  Ens^lish  monks  of  St   Alban's  ima- 
gined that  they  retained  their  martyr  en- 
tire :  those  of  St.  Pantaleon  at  Cologne 
asserted  that  a  good  portion  of  him  was 
carried  away  from  England  in  the  fifth 
century  by  GermanuB  bishop  of  Auierre, 


and,  after  resting  long  at  Rome,  wis 
brought  to  their  city  by  th«  onpreM 
Theophania  towards  the  doie  of  tiie  teoUi 
century.  Tlie  abbot  Theodorui  in  the 
year  1330  described  them  to  conaiatof  the 
head,  neck,  arras,  and  ribs;  and,  as  their 
value  was  testifled  by  the  frequent  mi- 
racles which  they  wrought,  he  judged 
they  were  worthy  to  be  placed  in  m  splen- 
did shrine.  This  shrine  is  now  presenred 
in  the  church  of  St.  Mary  in  the  Schnur- 
gasie  at  Cologne,  to  which  it  waa  removed 
when  the  church  of  St.  Pantaleon  wu 
transferred  to  the  garrison.  Dr.  Nichol- 
son has  paid  it  a  visit,  and  has  described 
it  minutely  in  his  paper.  It  is  of  the 
usual  oblong  form  with  a  ridged  roof; 
and  is  Ave  feet  in  length,  eighteen  inches 
wide,  and  two  feet  high.  The  iidea  are 
adorned  with  seven  twin  pilsiters  on  esch 
side,  having  capitals,  and  supporting  tre- 
foil-headed arches,  covered  with  inscrip- 
tions. Eight  square  enamelldl  pictures 
are  placed  on  the  roof,  and  the  whole  of 
the  rest  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
smaller  ornaments  of  the  same  workman- 
ship. Dr.  Nicholson  has  procured  a  slight 
sketch  of  it,  but  it  certainly  deserves  to  be 
more  carefully  drawn. 

The  Rambler  in  Woretsierskire,  or 
Stray  Notes  en  Churches  and  Conffregm* 
tions.  By  John  Noake,  Author  qf**  ITor- 
cester  in  Olden  71tme«,'' ^'c.  12mo. — ^There 
was  a  time  when  it  was  imagined  that  n 
County  History  could  only  be  written  in 
the  form  of  ponderous  folios.  Some  re- 
cent works  have  proved  that  such  was  a 
mistake;  and  we  have  here  a  book  par- 
takuig  of  that  character  in  the  compact 
and  convenient  shape  of  a  very  readable 
duodecimo.  Its  contents  relate  to  Kidder- 
minster, Dudley,  Little  Malvern,  Bewdley, 
and  some  flfty  otlier  places  in  Worcester- 
shire, and  form  a  sequel  to  a  previous 
volume  by  the  same  writer,  which  is  now 
out  of  print.  The  author's  rambles  have 
chiefly  included  the  Sabbath  Day,  and 
they  take  their  complexion  firom  the 
village  churches,  which  have  naturally 
been  the  ])riinary  objects  of  observation 
at  such  seasons.  His  plan  embraces  de- 
scriptions of  the  churches  and  the  monu- 
ments they  contain,  **the  condemnation 
of  all  irreverent  performance  of  divine 
worship,  and  the  removal  of  inappropriate 
furniture  and  unsightly  details  from  the 
house  of  God— the  proposed  restoration 
6f  many  ancient  fabrics  which  the  mu- 
nificence of  our  ancestors  hss  bequesthed 
to  us, — and  the  attempt  to  popularise  and 
render  pleasant  the  atndy  of  ardHMlogy." 
With  these  objects  is  combined  the  as- 
semblage of  such  icrsps  of  infonnatioii  as 
the  author  could  pick  up  by  pftrtff'^l  Ia» 


18510 


MUcellaneout  Reviews. 


Ciuiry, — "  brief  Hketi:lied  of  parochidl  \iU- 
tor;,  of  fumily  pedigrees,  and  of  die- 
ting a  Uhed  or  ecceDtrii:  iadiii duals, — Che 
deEcriptioo  o(  nnriflnt  manaioiig  and  other 
auUquRrian  relics, — tbe  prraerration  of 
old  legeiidit  and  auperstilious,  whieb,  boir- 
pver  apporentlf  trifling  and  absurd  in 
t lie useivei,  bate  yet  an  important  bearing 
on  the  biatory  of  paiC  times,  and  u  indi- 
cnling  the  progres*  of  ageietj.^eurioos 
extracia  from  poriili  regiatera  and  other 
ilocDnients, — records  of  i^haritiea  loat  or 
jniaapplii^, — and  the  etatistics  of  BChoola, 
cluba,  sod  otber  bencYoleiit  iaititatioBB." 
Now,  thongb  this  be  Tery  different  work 


forced  to  take  exception.  Ou  lliB  du, 
the  present  Prince  of  Wales'a  baptisi 
baaqaet  wai  given  in  Bayous  Tower, 


Adem'd  tba  tablb 


iflf  ctaaUengiDg  Ilia  dght— 
n'u  Ibit  GiDied  TrtplB  niuDC  of  pureR  wlflti. 
Edwiml  of  \rond«t«K'«,-JICPD  «1  Orvcj's  vl*lu 
Froui  .lolin,  Bubeinia'a  KIbk,  In  battle  fMn. 
To  tbrse  lioea  ia  appended  Che  note  whici 
ivc  have  lo  qoestioD.     It  atatea  that  "Thi 
long  exiating  donbC  sad  controversy  with 


from  the  preciae  and  dignified  topography  regard  to  the  origin  of  the  Plane  boroe  by 

Odd  family  history,  fonaded  upon  pabKc  Edward   the   Black   Prinoe,    and  aubiB- 

and  legal  records,  lieraldic  visltatioiia,  and  quenlly  by  the  male  heb'i  to   the  Crown, 

the  like,  and  rather  reminila  ue  of  the  appears  to  be  set  at  rcat  by  a  paper  re- 

erodilies  "hastily  gobbled  np"  by  the  cenlly   (May   1847),  contributed   by   Sit 

rolfltile  ToiB  Coryat,  yet  we  haT«  no  in-  Harris  Nicolas  In  the  Society  of  ADtiqoa- 

clloBtion  to  be  otherwise  than  gratefnl  to  ries,  where  he  refers  to  (be  contemporary 


4 


my  gentleman  who  will  thna  take  the 
trouble  to  fix  the  uurreut  traditiona  and 
preaerve  the  Hoating  infurmation  of  hia 
own  time,  wbicb,  alcbough  liable  of  conr»e 
to  errorn  of  linste  or  misinformation,  mmt 
in  many  raies  prove  useful  and  anggeitire 
to  tbofle  who  either  tww  take  aa  interest 
in  tlie  sererat  iocalitiei.  or  may  do  an 
hereafter.  There  ji,  indeed,  on  oocwtonBl 
freedom  in  Mr.  Noake'a  remarks  wblcb 
may  give  peTsonal  offence  to 


of  a  public 


He] 


IS  the 


a  accuatomed 
having  perused  a  considerable  portit 
bin  remarks,  we  hod  an  honesty  of  pari>osc, 
imd  a  true  reapect  for  both  the  exterior 
obserrances  and  the «ila!obj«et»  of  religious 
institutiona,  which  will  conciliate  t!ie  im- 
parlial  reader  as  mncb  as  the  livelinesa 
and  variety  of  tbe  material  introduced  will 
intereat  and  amuse  him. 


Butlacfi  An  Blrfff.  Royal  Mvo. — 
■■EuBlate"  was  the  fourth  and  youngest 
son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Charles  Tennyson 
D'EyncDurt,  and  a  Captain  in  the  4Gtb, 
who  died  In  1842  shortly  aRer  joining  hia 
regiment  in  Barbados.  The  present  Elegy 
is  by  his  father  :  il  ' 
800' lines,  ditid«d 


Lthorlty  of  John  de  Arderue,  a  celebratell 
pbysiijianin  the  oonrl  of  Edward  III.  who 
disKnMly  confirms  the  popnlar  opinioQ, 
that  haling  been  borne  as  the  creat  of  the 
King  of  Itoliemia  when  slain  at  Crecy,  it 
was  tlieneeforth  adoptal  by  Prince  Edward, 
the  hero  of  the  battle."  Tn  qnotesafaia- 
torical  antiquary  in  corroboratioa  of  ■ 
popular  error  which  be  has  done  hfa  bat 
to  refiite,  is  surely  (he  "ankinde«t  cnlof 
all."  If  Mr.  Tennyson  D'EyncanrC  wfll 
peruse  Sir  Harris  Nioolas'a  memoir,  he 
will  And  that  the  Black  Prince  never 
bore  any  "  plume,"  iu  tbe  EngUah  sense 
of  of  that  word  ;  that  the  crest  of  tbe  Kins 
of  Bohemia  was  not  composed  of  oaCrioh 
feathers,  bnt  of  the  entire  wing  of  a  tqI' 
turc  ;  and  that  Sir  Ilarri;  Nicolaa'a  object 
was  to  show  that  the  royal  badge  of  the 
ostrich  feather — a  aiuglc  feather,  not  a  triple 
plume,  until  the  reign  of  Henry  VII. — 
and  the  motto /cA  dwn,  "  had  a  rery  rfj/'- 
Jtrenl  origin  from  that  which  popnlar 
opinion  haa  attributed  lo  them."  (Arcbteo- 
logia,  xxti.251.) 


Memorials  tf  Shrtwibury ;  a  OfiunI 

Guidt  far  the  iaformaliaH   ^f  Betid«tlt 

and  Viiilort.     By  Henry  ndgeon,  7Vm- 

poem  of  more  tban     nreriifihe  Carjmralion.  Steonil  Bdiliim, 

-  The     enlarged. — The  commendation  which  we 


apolr^  for  Ibeir 
preeeton,  which  are  alike  far  above  me- 
diocrity. Snch  effuaioni  sre  aacred  ;  and 
if  we  would  tike  any  exception,  it  is  merely 
to  ask,  why  should  auch  a  eomposi^on  be 
pniliiAed  at  all  ?  aa,  no  doubt,  its  drcnU- 
tion  is  eventually,  Willi  atafcelv  an  eioep- 
tioii.  private  and  gratuitous,  there  is  onr 
historical  note,  however,  to  whtcti,  n  It  la 
subnittEd  to 


appreciation,  and  by  tbe  handsome  form 
of  the  ]>resent  impression,  which  is  con- 
iidrralily  enlarged,  not  only  with  rcspeot 
to  modern  alterations  and  improvemenU, 
but  also  by  the  inirrtion  of  n  consecntiTe 
narrative  of  biitorical  inrormition.  It  U 
Illustrated  with  o  map  and  forty-two  «||~ 
Ktavingi.— In  p.  4H,  Mr.  Pidgeon  tun. 
--  "  'se  of  the  Protestant  i 

alM  began  In  tUt 


528 


Foreign  News, 


[Nov, 


(St.  Chad's)  in  1573,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Bishop  of  Lichfield  and  the  Lord 
President  of  the  Marches,  as  special  com- 
missioners from  Queen  Elizabeth."  Surely 
there  is  something  wrong  or  imperfectly 
stated  here. 


Slogans  of  the  North  of  England,  By 
Michael  Aislabie  Denham.  Newcastle- 
upon-Tynet  sm.  Svo.  1851. — **HaI  ha! 
St.  George  for  England  I  '^  The  antiqua- 
rian chivalry  of  the  North,  ever  active  and 
inquiring,  has  here  been  engaged  upon  a 
congenial  and  amusing  subject.  The  name 
of  only  one  of  them  stands  upon  the  title 
page,  but  the  charge  has  been  harked  on 
by  *' a  Fenwick  !  a  Fenwick  1  "  and  he 
of  the  Longstaff  bringing  up  the  rear  hath 
stricken  a  good  stroke  for  the  credit  of 
the  northern  counties.  The  history  of 
the  war-cries  of  the  Percies  and  Fen  wicks, 
and  the  Shaftoes,  and  the  men  of  Tyne- 
dale,  and  of  "  Snaffle,  Spur,  and  Spear  I" 
the  general  gathering  summons  of  the 
northern  counties,  with  the  clan-cries  of 
the  Rokebys,  Nevilles,  Mowbrays,  He- 
rons, Stanleys  and  Boweses,  are  all  in- 
vestigated with  care,  and  cleverly  illus- 
trated by  the  pen  of  Denham  and  Fen- 
wick  and  by  the  graver  of  O.  Jewitt.  Mr. 
Longstaff,  the  last  of  these  '*  humble  fol- 
lowers of  William  Camden,"  closes  up 
the  volume  by  extending  the  inquiry  from 


slogans  to  mottoes.  Each  of  these  good 
knights,  inspirited  by  his  subject,  ezhibiUi 
clear  tokens  of  the  prowess  and  good  will 
which  in  a  fair  contest  have  ever  distin- 
guished the  men  of  the  north.  Ere  long 
we  shall  hope  to  meet  them  again  on  a 
wider  field. 


Ojiford  Univertity  Staiuiet.  Trtnu- 
lated  to  1843  by  the  late  6.  R.  M.  Ward, 
esq.  M.A.  and  completed  under  the  super' 
intendence  o/*  James  Hey  wood,  esq.  M.P, 
F.R.S,  Vol.  II.  8»o.  Lond.  1851.— 
This  volume  contains  *'  The  Statutes  of 
the  University  of  Oxford  in  the  English 
language,  from  the  year  1767  to  the  ap- 
pointment, in  1850,  of  the  Royal  Com- 
mission of  Inquiry.'*  The  first  volume 
of  the  work,  which  was  published  in  1845, 
contains  a  translation  of  all  the  statntea 
which  the  university  published  in  1768, 
including  the  Laudian  or  Caroline  code, 
promulgated  in  l'>36.  This  work  is  an 
apt  preparative  of  the  public  mind  for  the 
report  of  the  University  Commissioners, 
which  may  be  expected  in  a  few  months. 
We  have  here  a  vast  body  of  information, 
which  will  be  found  extremely  useful  to 
all  persons  who  desire  to  be  well  informed 
upon  the  questions  which  may  berexpected 
to  arise  upon  the  report  of  the  Commis- 
sioners. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


FRANCK. 

The  Moniteur  of  the  16th  Oct.  con- 
tained the  resignation  of  the  ministry, 
and  its  acceptance  by  the  President  of  the 
Republic.  This  has  resulted  from  dis- 
agreement  on  a  proposed  repeal  of  the 
Electoral  Law  of  tlie  31st  May,  ISoO, 
by  which  step  the  President  contemplated 
to  restore  universal  suffrage.  The  new 
ministry  was  nominated  on  the  27th. 
M.  Loon  Faucher  is  succeeded  by  M. 
de  Thorigny  in  the  foremost  place  of 
Minister  of  the  Interior;  the  Marquis  de 
Turgot  is  appointed  Minister  for  Foreign 
Affairs;  M.  Charles  Giraud,  for  Public 
Instruction;  M.  Lacrosse,  for  Public 
Works;  M.  Hippolyte  Fortoul,  Marine; 
M.  Blondel,  Finance ;  M.  Corbin,  Justice; 
M.  Casablanca,  Agriculture  and  Com- 
merce ;  and  General  St.  Arnaud,  Minister 
of  War.  Three  Ministers  only  are  Mem- 
bers of  the  National  Assemby,  namely, 
10 


M.  Fortoul,  M.  Casabianca,  and  M.  La* 
crosse. 

UERM.\NY. 

The  last  traces  of  the  revolntiooary 
Governments  and  Assemblies  in  Germany 
are  about  to  be  swept  away.  The  fittincs 
of  the  Paul's  Church  at  Frankfort,  in 
which  the  German  Parliament  held  its 
sittings,  are  to  be  remoTed,  and  tho 
edifice  restored  to  the  Lutheran  congre* 
gation.  The  library  of  the  Pariiament, 
consisting  of  presents  from  the  prindpiil 
publishers  of  Germany,  will  be  made 
over  to  the  Diet  of  the  Bund.  The 
Augustine  Church  at  Erfurt,  in  wUch 
the  Parliament  of  the  Prussian  Union 
passed  its  brief  existence,  is  likewise  to 
be  dismantled,  and  used  again  for  divine 
service.  Some  of  the  fittings  ara  to  be 
brought  to  Berlin,  where  they  will  be  used 
for  the  Upper  House,  now  in  conne  of 


1851.]                               Domeetic  Occurreiices.                                 .-.SS 

i:rection,  and  tliu  rest  are  to  bo  sold  bj  c\nada. 

'"1^!!°'';.                  ,  „ Tlic   rciioit  of  the  Coraniiasioucre   of 

The  Emperor  of  Russia  has  intimated,  Emigration  Bhowesdecresse  of  eoiLgraiilfl 

1o  Ibe  re- nsUlUd  Diet  of  the  GermBQ  ^  dnad..      Id   the  year  endhig  Dtc. 


jnfederatioa    at   Frankfort,  the 


1850,  ihet 


faclion     with  which  he  »«  learned  that.  United  Kingdom  were  .12,635  ;    and  of 

after  Ihe  interruption  of  ita  labours  by  those  only  19,380  remained  in  the  pro- 

theeventg  of  18*8,  it  has  again  been  re-  ,i„cb  ;   15,723  went  lo  the  United  Statea. 

eonatitoted  on  the  footing  of  the  treaUes  I„  tlie  previona  year  the  number  of  cml- 

of  1815,  '■  the  Impend  Court  of  Anstn.  gj^^  to  Canada  wa?  38,485.     It  is  only 

acting  as  Presidial  Court  of  ths  Federa-  nhoul  tiiirleen  years  since  that  the  tide  of 

tion.        Thia,  the  Emperor  states,  he  ac-  emigration    fi'om    the    United    Kingdom 

eepts  as   ■■  .  gnaranlee   of  the  mtemal  ceaaeJ  to  flow  in  greater  force  against  the 

peace  of  Germany,  and,  in  coiueqaence,  shorej  of  these   flriti*h   prorinoes,   and 

of  the  general  peace  of  Europe."  took  tlie  direction  of  the  United  States. 


DOMESTIC  OCCURRENCES. 


brief  ceremony.     H.R.H.  Prince  Albert  The __.  ... . 

arrived  at  13  o'clocii ;  and,  preceded  by  tain  standard  of  eicellence  in  production 
the  memliers  of  the  Rojal  CommissioD,  or  workmanship  is  attainad  —  utility, 
the  BiecutiTe  Committee,  the  architect,  heanly,  eheapneas,  adaptation  to  par- 
contractors,  foreign  commissionen,  ja-  ticulnr  markets,  and  other  elements  of 
rort,  &c.  repaired  to  a  platform  which  merit,  being  taken  into  consideration,  ac- 
had  been  formed  on  the  central  space  cording  to  the  nature  of  the  object." 
hitherto  occopied  by  the  glass  fountain.  These  medals  are  nil  conferred  simply, 
H.R.H.  lookhisfeatontheiiory  throne  without  any  classification  of  merit.  The 
brought  fi'om  the  Indian  department  for  following  is  the  number  of  Council  medolg 
that  purpose.  Lord  John  Russell  occupy-  allotted  to  each  country  - — United  King- 
ing a  seat  immediately  on  his  right,  dom,  J!) ;  France,  54  j  PrusBia,  7  ;  Aus- 
Aiuong  others  present  were  the  Earl  of  tria,  4  ;  Basaria,  3  j  ZoUtetein  (eicliminfl 
Clarendon,  the  Chancellor  of  the  Eidie-  of  Prussia),  3  ;  United  Statea,  i  ;  £el- 
([uer.  Sir  George  Grey,  the  Duke  of  ginm,  j;  Tuscany,  S;  Svritxerlaod,  3| 
Devonshire,  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  Lord  Rusna,  2;  Holland,  I  ;  Rome,  I.  The 
Colburne,  Mr.  Labouchere,  Barou  Lionel  United  Kingdom  is  exceeded  in  only  dght 
de  Rothschild,  Slc.  &c.  The  proceedings  depart  mtnts  out  of  thirty -two— those  of 
were  commenced  by  Viscount  Canning,  chemistry,  the  preparation  of  food,  time- 
the  President  of  the  Council  of  Chairmen  pieces,  dtriign,  typography,  glass,  furtij- 
of  the  Juries,  reading  a  detailed  report  of  tnre,  and  fancy  articles.  In  the  last  flfc 
the  award  of  the  juries  ;  to  which  Prince  of  these  it  obtained  no  meddl  whaterer, 
Albert  replied  in  an  address  oo  the  port  On  the  other  hand,  in  machinery,  we  gaia 
of  the  Royal  Commissioners.  After  «  fifteen  Dnt  of  twenly-two  medals,  and  in 
verse  of  the  National  Anthem  had  been  philosophical  instruments  aixleeu  Out  of 
sung  accompanied  by  the  organs,  the  thirty-one.  France,  who  piques  herself 
Uisliop  of  London  offered  a  prayer  of  on  tlits  department  of  her  industry,  ob- 
thsnksgiviug.  The  Hallelujah  chonu  tain*  nine  medals.  In  agriculture  we 
was  then  given  by  the  choir  ;  and  this  gain  four  out  of  fite  ;  the  other  being 
memorable  undertaking  was  brought  to  gi*en  to  the  United  States'  reaping-ma- 
its  final  close.  For  the  adjudication  of  the  chine.  In  other  respects,  we  are  siugu- 
prizes,  thirty-four  Juries  were  formed,  larly  eveo  with  France,  the  number  being 
each  of  which  consisted  of  an  eqoal  nam-  eiaclty  tlie  same  for  musical  inslrumenta, 
ber  of  British  subjects  and  foreigners :  trMtment  of  ores,  jenelleiy,  porcelain, 
and  to  afford  opportunities  for  recon-  and  teitile  fabrics  ;  cud  within  one  in 
elderation  the  Juries  were  associated  into  the  treatment  of  raw  material,  metal 
six  groups,  (according  as  they  had  to  deal  work,  and  the  fine  arts.  At  tbe  head  of 
with  kindred  subjects,)  which  gaie  their  the  list  of  Council  medals  is  placed  Ihe 
assembled  approval  of  the  awards.  The  name  of  H.R.H.  Prince  Albert,  -  for  the 
report  contains  on  enumeration  of  170  origiiial  conception  and  successful  prose- 
Council  medals  and  2,918  prize  medaU.  cation  of  the  idea  of  the  Great  E^hihi- 
Tbe  former  are  given  to  those  eihibitora  tion  of  1851."  The  honour  of  knight- 
GsKT.  Mao,  Vol.  XXXVI. 


n 


530 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[Nov. 


hood  has  been  conferred  on  Mr.  Paxton, 
the  designer  of  the  building ;  on  Mr, 
Cubitt,  the  engineer  ;  and  Mr.  Fox,  the 
contractor.  To  Mr.  Paxton  the  sum  of 
5,000/.  has  been  presented,  from  the 
proceeds.  Colonel  Reid  and  Mr.  Went- 
worth  Dilke  have  declined  any  pecuniary 
reward.  The  former  is  made  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Bath  ;  and  Sir  Stafford 
Northcote,  Dr.  Lyon  Playfair,  and  Mr. 
Cole  are  made  Companions  of  the  Bath. 
Colonel  Reid  has  also  been  appointed  to 
the  Government  of  Malta,  and  Dr.  Lyon 
Playfair  a  Gentleman  Usher  to  H.R.H. 
Prince  Albert.  Mr.  Wentworth  Dilke 
and  many  other  gentlemen  have  received 
autograph  letters  of  thanks  from  the  Prince. 
The  total  number  of  visitors  to  the  Great 
Exliibition  from  the  Ist  of  May  to  the 
11th  of  October  (when  it  was  closed  to 
the  public),  is  reckoned  as  6,063,980': 
the  largest  number  on  one  day  was 
109.915  persons  on  Tuesday  the  7th  Oct. 
The  total  amount  of  the  receipts  is 
505,107/.  .")#.  7c/.  The  receipts  of  the 
last  week  alone  gave  'J!), 725/.  \\it.  Qd. 

The  Queen,  on  retuniing  from  her  High- 
land residence  at  Balmoral,  has  visited  the 
towns  of  Liverpool  and  Manchester,  where 
great  preparations  hod  been  made  for  her 
reception.  She  left  Balmoral  on  the  morn- 
ing of  Tuesday,  the  7th  of  Oct.,  joined  tlie 
Aberdeen  railway  at  Stonehaven,  and  ar- 
rived in  the  evening  at  Edinburgh,  where 
she  slept  at  liolyrood  Palace.  The  next 
morning  she  proceeded  by  the  Caledonian 
railway  ;  received,  during  a  short  stoppage 
at  Carlisle,  an  address  from  the  Town 
Council,  and  arrived  at  Lancaster  at  2 
p.m.  Her  Majesty  there  visited  the  cobtle, 
and  received  addresses  from  the  county 
and  the  borough.  Having  returned  to 
the  railway,  she  proceeded  to  the  Bainhill 
station,  within  nins  miles  of  Liverpool, 
and  was  there  received  by  the  Earl  of  Sef- 
ton,  who  conducted  her  to  Croxteth  Hall, 
where  her  Majesty  ])assed  the  night.  On 
Thur&day,  the  9th  Oct.,  her  Majesty  vi- 
sited Liverpool  in  a  state  procession,  pass- 
ing through  the  principal  streets  of  the 
town,  which  were  adorned  with  numerous 
triumphal  arches  and  other  festive  erec- 
tions. At  the  Landing  Stage,  St.  George's 
Pier,  her  Majesty-  having  first  received 
loyal  addresses  from  the  Liverpool  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce,  and  the  Corporation  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Liverpool  Docks — 
embarked  on  the  Mersey  in  the  Fairy 
Htoamer,  which  conveyed  her  the  tour  of 
the  town  and  docks.  It  is  calculated  that 
the  shipping  in  the  river  was  adorned 
with  not  less  than  5U,0()0  Hags.  On  her 
return  she  proceeded  to  the  Town-hall, 
where  the  Recorder  read  an  address  from 
the  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and  Bargeisei  of 


Liverpool.  This  address  was  presented 
to  her  Majesty  in  a  very  elegant  Dox  (ma- 
nufactured by  Mr.  Mayer)  of  cylindrical 
form,  22  inches  long,  and  nine  in  drcnm- 
ference,  and  composed  of  plates  of  dead 
gold,  pierced,  with  overlay  portions  of 
polished  silver,  on  which  are  engrai^d 
views  of  the  principal  buildings  of  the 
town— St.  George's  Hall,  the  T^vn  ilall, 
St.  Nicholas  Church,  the  Sailors'  Home 
(the  foundation  of  wliich  was  laid  hr 
Prince  Albert),  the  Custom  Qouse,  ana 
the  Landing  Stage.  The  corpqrate  seal 
attached  to  the  address  is  inclosed  in  a 
shell  of  solid  gold,  suspended  from  tl^a 
cylinder,  and  moulded  into  tlie  form  of  a 
Lancaster  rose.  The  mayor,  John  Bent, 
esq.  received  the  honour  of  knighthood. 
After  partaking  of  luncheon,  her  Majesty 
inspected  St  George's  Hall;  proceeded 
by  special  train  to  the  Patricroft  station, 
and  was  there  received  by  the  Bad  of 
EUesmere,  who  conveyed  bis  Royal  visit- 
ors in  state  barges  prepared  for  the  coca* 
sion,  along  the  Bridgewater  canal,  to  his 
new  mansion  at  Worsley  hall.  The  next 
day  (Oct.  10)  her  Majesty  proceeded  to 
visit  Manchester.  She  was  met  al  tlie 
boundaries  of  the  borough  of  Salford  by 
the  mayor  thereof,  and  conducted  throng  a 
Peel  Park,  where,  among  many  other 
thousand  spectators,  platforms  had  been 
prepared  for  7'i,000  children,  who  sang 
the  National  Anthem.  A  pavilion  vai 
also  erected,  in  which  an  address  was  pc»- 
sentcd  by  the  corporation  of  Salford. 
Her  Majesty  proceeded  in  state  by  aronttt 
of  two  miles  through  the  princip^  streets 
of  Manchester,  and  alighted  at  the  Ss- 
change  Hall,  where  she  received  an  ad* 
dress  from  the  borough,  and  knighted 
the  mayor,  now  Sir  John  Potter.  Her 
Majesty  returned  in  the  afternoon  to 
Worsley  Hall ;  wliere  she  received  an  ad- 
dress from  the  Bishop  and  Clergy  of  the 
diocese.  On  Saturday  morning  H.R.U. 
Prince  Albert  visited  the  cotton  mills  of 
Messrs.  (lardner  and  Bazeley  at  Harrow 
bridge,  near  Bolton.  Soon  after  hia  re- 
turn, her  Majesty  left  Worsley  HaU  at 
20  min.  after  11,  and  returned  by  the 
state  barges  to  the  Patricroft  station ; 
proceeded  through  Manchester  to  Watfoid, 
and  thence  rode  by  carriage  to  Windsor 
castle,  where  she  arrived  at  half  after  ?• 
.  Kossuth,  released  from  hia  l^iridah 
prison,  arrived  on  the  S6th  Sept.  at  Mar- 
seilles. The  authorities,  thonn  with  sobm 
hesitation,  permitted  him  to  Isnd,  hot  rc> 
fused  to  allow  him  to  pass  through  Fkaace 
without  permission  firom  the  Govemmenl. 
The  Government,  when  applied  to,  retimed 
an  unqualified  refusal.  H«  aooordiBriy 
repaired  to  (Mbraitar,  from  wheaoe  m 
embarked  in  the  Madrid,  Capt.  W«kt, 


IS51.]  Proti 

and  sriiTed  at  Southlmptop,  on  the  23rd 
of  October,  accompanied bj  Mad.  Koitnth, 
and  thrre  cbildreo,  two  bojs  and  a  girl. 
A  public  reception  had  b.en  prepared  for 
him.  Tbe  Mayor  met  him  at  the  landing 
place,  and  conveyed  him  in  hia  carriage  fo 
Ilia  UoDae ;  where  frotn  the  balcony  Kos- 
gutliaddreeled  tbe  ueeOiblHge  as  follows: — 
"  I  beg  yoa  will  excule  my  bad  Engiisb. 
Seven  weeks  back  I  vas  a  prisoner  in 
Kiutysb,  in  AsU  Minor.  Now  I  am  a 
free  man,  I  am  a  free  man,  became 
glorioni  England  choBc  it.  That  England 
chose  it,  which  th«  genlna  of  mankind  ae- 
lected  for  the  rdslins  monument  of  lis 
greatness,  and  (be  spirit  of  freedoia  for 
his  happy  home.  Cheered  by  ybnr  syift. 
pathy,  nhlcb  la  the  anchor  of  hope  to  op- 
pressed hnmanity,  with  the  view  of  your 
freedom,  yonr  greatneai,  and  yonr  happi- 
ness, and  with  the  consclonanets  of  rby 
unhappy  land  in  my  breaat,  you  mnat  ei- 
coae  for  the  emotian  I  feel— the  nXtaral 
I  striking  a  change  and 


odiffete 


>t  being  able  to  thank  yon  lo  warmly 
aa  I  feel  for  the  generdua  reeeption  In 
which  you  honour  in  my  nndaaefTing  per- 
son the  cause  of  my  country.  1  only  hope 
dod  Almighty  nuty  far  ever  bleu  yon,  and 
your  glorious  laud.  Let  me  hope  jon  will 
be  willing  to  throw  a  tty  of  hope  and  don- 
eolatioii  on  my  native  land  by  this  your 
generous  recep  I  ion.  May  England  be  ever 
great,  glorioni,  and  Tree— bitt  let  me  hope, 
by  the  blessing  of  Almighty  (Joel,  and  by 
our  steady  perseverance,  and  by  jonr  own 
generoDi  aid,  that  Englted,  tbongh  the 
may  ever  remalii  the  most  glorloila  spot 
on  earth,  will  not  remain  for  ever  tbe  only 
one  where  freedom  dwells.  Infaabitanta 
ofthegenetoas  townof  Sonthamptdnl  in 
shying  handa  with  yoor  Mayor,  mj  beat 
and  truest  friend,  (here  M.  koasnth  turned 


olions.  981 

round  to  the  Mayor  and  abook  handa  with 
his  worship  energetically,  amid  mnch 
cheering.)  I  have  tbe  bononr  to  thank 
yon,  and  to  salute,  with  (be  deepest  re- 
spect, yon,  the  InbabilaDts  of  the  indns- 
trtoQs,  noble-minded,  enlightened,  inS 
prospetons  city  of  Sonthampton.'' 

At  half- past  four  Kossntb  attended,  at 
Ihe  Town-hall,  where  oil  the  corporation 
met  him  in  their  robes  of  office,  and  ad- 
dresses were  presented  to  bim  from  th; 
corporation  and  from  the  inhabitants  of 
tho  borough  of  Southampton.  Kossuth 
replied  with  mdcb  feeliog.  In  the  count 
of  his  address  he  referred  to  the  municipal 


The  mayor  of  Southampton,  Richard 
Andrews,  esq.  (a  coBcb-maniifactnrer,)  ha< 
a  house  at  Winchester,  and  thither  the 
patriot  and  his  suite  were  conveyed  tha 
□eit  day,  in  three  carriages,  accompanied 
by  iMTd  Dndley  Stoait,  M.  Fulski,  and 
others.  A  procession  was  formed  to  meet 
him;  but  the  general  inhabltanti  wen  too 
deeply  occupied  by  their  Cheese  fair  to  lie 
nmcU  excited  by  the  demonstration.  Oei 
Tnesday  Oct.  23,  M.  Kossuth  returned 
from  London  to  SonthampCon,  in  ordertb 
be  entertained  at  a  grand  banqne^at  whid) 
Ihemayot  predded.  Tbe  principal  Eng- 
lishmen present  were  Lord  Dudley  Slnarti 
fxird  Charlea  Fitiroy,  Mr.  Wilcoi,  M.P. 
for  the  borough,  Mr.  Harris,  M.P.  for 
Leicester,  Capt.  Townsbend,  M.P.  Hr. 
Wjlde,  M.P.  Sir  J.  S.  LilliB,  and  Mr. 
Alderman  Wire.  Mr.  Feargna  O-Connor 
obtruded  himself  on  the  notice  of  (he 
party,  but  was  dismissed  to  his  seat  by  the 
mayor,  and  leftthe  room  in  dndgeon.  On 
tbe  3Dth  Kossnth  received  a  congrstitUloiy 
address  from  the  City  of  Loadon. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


GAiBrrt  PairEBMBHTi. 

fitpl.  m.  Mh  Foot,  apt.  R.  i.  BaDiDgart- 
ner  to  be  Maior. 

Sept. X.  Xttnl-Col.  Oustavns  Uhirlea  t>n 
Plat,  now  Consul  at  Warsaw,  lo  be  Connil- 
General  of  ihatdtT)  and  James  Green,  e*q. 

terrllory,  (o  lie  Consul  af thai 'port. 
Oft,  ft.    Royal  MarlnM,  Csrl*!n  aai  bittct 

Mijor  W.  JoTliB*  to  be  Oenl. -Colon el. 
Oi-J.  T.    iBt  SragoDD  Guards,  M^Jor  A.  9pal- 

IHiwDMe,   from   fill  tleht  Dfagmni,  le  be 

M^or,H»MsjDrW. IT.  Allen,  ilhoetelunEei. 

— foattaehed,  Msjor )■  IBacleaD, from thelBlh 


Miintey  Lord  Crsnworlli  to  [!•■  Jollies  of  ttie 
Com!  of  Appeal  in  Chinecn"- 

on.  tt.  Kival  ArlilliTy,  Lieut. -Cot.  C.  E, 
Gordon  to  be  Coloiisl;  Capt.  J.  Tylden  lo  be 
Lieoi.  .Colonel. 

Oi:l.  1(1.    Kniicble'l,   Jolin    Falter,   esi).   of 

on,  H.D..  from  3ri 


Pool,  lo  be  Lieul  -Colonel.— Breiet,  Capf.  T, 

Butlir,  of  na  Foot,  to  be  MalDf  in  ffi*  Army. 

Oet.  Si    The  Kgfai  Hon.  Sir  Jamea  Leftla 

Knight  Bmce  and    '      ""'  "  "" 


gMB.— Kb  Light  Dngoona,  E  H.  To 
SMFool,tobeA«sl»tant-Mi(rgeon.— 
Oraianns,  John  Mure,  H.T>„  from  7M  Foot, 
lo  be  Surgeon,  rict  P.  OCallaghan.  M  D.— ad 
roat.li.  piavton,  M.t>..frdn)  Ihe  StatT.  to  b« 

from  the  St«(r  lo  be  Assl^tanl-Snrgeon.— 15tG 
Fool,  lient.-Cfeo.  air  Howard  DoMlii.  Hart. 
ti.C.B^  from  Mb  Fool,  In  be  Colonel.— IRh 

Faot,D.o.~  -     --- 


532 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments, 


[Nov. 


jfcon.— list  Foot,  U.  Woodley,  M.U.  to  be  As- 
sistant-Surgeon.—47tli  Foot,  L.  Mackenzie, 
M.D.,  from  the  Staff,  to  be  Assistaut-Surgeon. 
—53d  Foot.  A.  Macrae,  M.U.,  from  9Sd  Foot, 
to  be  Assistant-Surgeon.— 59th  Foot,  E.  M. 
Macpherson,  from  Otii  Light  Dragoons,  to  be 
Surgeon.— 93d  Foot,  W.  S.  Munro,  M.l).  to  be 
Assistant-Surgeon.  —  99th  Foot,  Lieut.-Gen. 
Sir  John  Hanbury  to  be  Colonel. —Ceylon  Rifle 
Regiment,  R.  O.  Crichton.  M  1).  to  ue  Assis- 
tant-Surgeon.—Hospital  Stafl'.  R.  W.  Fraser, 
from  half-pay,  W.  Powell,  M.l).,  from  59lh 
Foot,  and  \V.  K.  Swetteuham,  M.I).,  from  41st 
Foot,  to  be  Staff  Surgeons  of  the  Second 
Class.— T.  Guy,  M.U.,  from  11th  Foot,  K.  1). 
Bait,  from  18th  Foot,  F.  M.  Tweddle,  from 
Ceylon  Rifle  Regt.  W.  A.  Thomson,  M.B. 
and  R.  T.  Buckle,  M.D.,  to  be  Assistont  Sur- 
geons to  the  Forces. 

Oct.  17.  43d  Foot,  Major  H.  Skipwith  to  be 
Lieut.  Colonel :  Capt.  R.  N.  Phillips  to  be 
Major.— Hospital  StHflT,  J.  S.  ilerron  to  be 
Assistant-Surgeon  to  the  Forces. 

Oct.  23.  Knighted.  Richard  Torin  Hinders- 
ley,  esq.  a  Yice-Chancellor ;  James  Parker, 
esq.  a  Vice-Chanccllor;  Joseph  Paxton,  esq. 
Fellow  of  the  Linna^an  and  ilorticultural  So- 
cieties, and  the  Society  of  Arts;  Charles  Fox, 
esq.  of  New-st.  Spring-gardens ;  and  William 
Cubitt.  e.'»q.  F.R.S. 

Oct.  25.  Lieut.-Col.  Wm.  Reid,  C.B.  some- 
time Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of 
the  Exhibition  of  Industry  of  all  Nations  ;  and 
Richard  Mayne,  esq.  C.H.  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners of  Nfetropolitan  Police,  to  be  K.C.B.of 
the  civil  division.— Sir  Stafford  Henry  North- 
cote,  Bart,  sometime  one  of  the  Secretaries  to 
the  Commissioners  of  the  Exhibition  of  In- 
dnstryof  All  Nations;  Wm.  Hay,  esq.  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Metropolitan  Police; 
Dr.  Lyon  Playfair,  sometime  one  of  the  Special 
Commissioners  of  the  said  Exhibition  for  com- 
municating with  I^cal  Committees ;  and  Henry 
Cole,  esq.  sometime  one  of  the  members  of 
the  Executive  Committee  thereof,  to  be  C.B. 
of  the  civil  division. 

Oct.  28.  James  Adey  Ogle,  M.D.  to  be  Regius 
Professor  of  Physic  at  Oxford. 


I^rd  Carew  to  be  a  Knight  of  St.  Patrick. 

Lord  Lismore  to  be  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  Tipperary. 

Michael  Barry,  es^.  of  the  Munster  bar,  to 
be  Profes.sor  of  Law  in  Queen's  College,  Cork. 


Ecclesiastical  PREFfiRMSNTS. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  A.  Napier  (R.  of  Swyncombe), 
Mastership  of  Ewelme  liospital,  Oxfordsh. 

Very  Rev.  B.  W.  Disney,  Deanery  of  Armagh. 

Rev.  C.  W.  Bagot,  Cha'ncellor  of  the  Diocese 
of  Bath  and  WcIIh. 

Rev.  W.  Atthill.St.  Failh  P.C  Horsham.  Norf. 

Rev.  P.  Banton,  St.  Katherine  P.C.  N'p'n. 

Rev.  T.  Bartlett,  Chevening  R.  Kent. 

Rev.  T.  I).  H.  Battersby,  St  John's  P.C.  Kes- 
wick,  ('umberland. 

Rev.  A.  B.  Brown  (V.  of  Grelton),  Honorary 
Canon  of  Peterborough. 

Rev.  J. Buckham, St.  John  PC.  Brewood, Staff. 

Rev.  J.  .M.  Colly  US,  Sancreed  V.  Cornwall. 

Rev.  T.  B.  Coney  (V.  of  Pucklechurch),  Hono- 
rary Canon  of  Bristol. 

Rev.  E.  Counland.  Ogley  Hay  P.C.  Uchfield. 

Rev.  H.  H.  Davies,  Llangoed  P.C.  w.  Llanies- 
tyn  C.  and  Llanvihangel-Din-Sylwry  C.  An- 
glesey. 

Rev.  P.  Dwyer,  Inniscaltra  R.  and  V.  Ireland. 

Rev.  R-  Falkiner,  Ardcrony  V.  Ireland. 

Rev.  r.  Foiiton.  Dhoon  P.C.  Isle  of  Man. 

Rev.  K.  Forde,  Laxey  P.C.  Isle  of  Man. 

Rev.  C.  Fry,  Kilronan  V.  Ireland. 


Rev.  J.  Garbett,  Harbome  V.  StAfTordsliire. 
Rev.  C.  Green  (R.  of  Burgh-Castle)  Honorary 

Canon  of  Norwich. 
Rev.  H.  P.  Gurney,  Trcgony  R.  w.  Cuby  V. 

Cornwall. 
Rev.  R.  Harris,  Clare-Abbey  P.C.  Ireland. 
Rev.  J.  D.  Hodgson,  St.  Nicholas  P.C.  Bast 

Grafton,  Wilts. 
Rev.  W.  W.  How,  Whittington  R.  Salop. 
Rev.  T.  S.  Huxley,  Episcopal  Chapel,  Dnndee, 

North  Britain. 
Rev.  T.  G.  James  (V.  of  Bridgwater),  Canon 

of  Wells. 
Rev.  H.  Kempson,  St.  Kenelm  P.C.  Romsley, 

Salop. 
Rev.  S.  W.  King,Saxllngham-NethergmteR.w. 

Saxlingham-Thorpe  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  M.  Lee,  Bridport  R.  Dorset. 
Rev.  T.  Loxham,  St.  Michael  P.C.  Great  Lever, 

Lancashire. 
Rev.  G.  Madan  (V.  of  Cam),  Honorary  Canon 

of  Gloucester. 
Rev.  G.  H.  Marsh,  Great  Snoring  R.  w.Thnrs- 

ford  R.  Norfolk. 
Rev.  A.  C.  Master,  Perlethorpe  P.C.  Notts. 
Rev.  W.  H.  R.  Mcrriman,  Dilton-Marsh  P.C. 

w.  Dilton  C.  Wilts. 
Rev.  W\  Morgan,  Hulcott  R.  Bucks. 
Rev.C.Packer,St.MarkP.C.Longwood,Yorics1i. 
Rev.  L.  Paige,  (new  church)  P.C.  Hartlepool 

(and  not  Rev.  L.  Page,  as  stated  p.  SIS  amieh 
Rev.  T.  G.  Postlethwaite.  Christ  Church  P.C. 

Plymouth  (and  not  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Grmy,  as 

stated  n.  187  ante). 
Rev.  S.  J.  Ram,  Elkstone  P.C.  and  Wanlow 

P.C.  Staffordshire. 
Rev.  H.  R.  Ridley.  Stranton  V.  Durliam. 
Rev.  J. Rothery, Episcopal  Chapel,  Selkirk.  N.B. 
Rev.  A.  B.  Russell,  Westbury  V.  w.  Prlddy  0. 

Somerset. 
Rev.  F.  Sadlcir,  Kilnagross  R.  Ireland. 
Rev.  J.  H.  Sheppard.  I^rrow  P.a  Worcestersh. 
Rev.  P.  K.Simmonds,  St.  Thomas  P.C.  Wigan, 

Lancashire. 
Rev.  W.  R.  Smith,  Christ  Church  P.C.  Bnd- 

ford,  Yorkshire. 
Rev.  C.  Sparkcs,  St.  Mary  P.C.  Prince's  Road, 

Lambeth. 
Rev.  S.  L.  Townsend,  Painstown  R.  Ireland. 
Rev.  M.  Vavasour  (V.  of  Ashby-de-Ia-Zoncbe), 

Canon  of  Peterborough. 
Rev.  M.  H.  Vine,  St.  Mary-Ie-Bow  R.  w.  8t. 

Pancras  R.  Soper  Lane,  and  All  HaUows. 

Honey  Lane,  London. 
Rev.  C.  Walters,  Wardington  P.C  Oxfordsh. 
Rev.  C.  Wing,  Staunton  R.  w.  Kilrinprton  C 

an<l  Flawborough  C.  Notts. 
Rev.  T.  Younger,  Outlc-Sowerby  P.C.  Cnmh. 

To  Chaplainciet. 

Rev.  W.  Banister,  St.  James'  Cemetery,  LlTerp. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Bussell.  H.  M.  ship  Waterkw,  \£ 
Rev.  M.  Day.  the  Union,  Sherborne,  Dorset. 
Rev.  J.  Edwards,  to  the  Lord  Ma)'or  of  London. 
Rev.  J.  W.  Fletcher,  Coventry  Gaol. 
Rev.  J.  R.  MofTatt,  H.  M.  ship  Rodney,  90. 
Rev.HJ.  Rhoiles,  the  Union,  Abingdon,  Berks. 
Rev.  T.  Rooke,  to  the  Earl  of  Donooghmore. 
Rev.  R.  Smith,  the  Union,  Gloucester. 
Rev.  A.  B.  Strettell,  the  British  Consnlate. 
Genoa. 

Collegiate  and  Scholattie  AppomtmeHU. 

J.  C.  Adams,  M.A.  Junior  Proctor,  Univeraitr 

of  Cambridge,  1851-3. 
J.  Blain,  Vice-Principal  of  the  Traininr  eoll. 

Winchester. 
Rev.  H.  Goodwin,  Senior  Moderator.  Unl?er- 

sity  of  Cambridge,  1851 -S. 
T.  V.  C.  Hardy,  B.A.  Principal  of  HndderslleM 

college. 
A.  Haworth,  Vice-Principal  of  the  Training 

college,  Exeter. 


1851.] 


Sirths-^Marriages. 


588 


Rev.  W.  B.  Heathcote,  Wardenship  of  St. 

Peter*s  college,  Radlcy. 
G.  C.  Inrinp:,  B.A.  Professor  of  Mathematics, 

Trinity  college,  Toronto,  Canada. 
Rev.  J.  G.  Lonsdale,  Tutorship.  University  of 

Durham. 
Rev.  W.  Nind,  Senior  Proctor,  University  of 

Cambridge,  1851-2. 
S.  Parkinson,  M.A.  Junior  Moderator,  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge,  1851-2. 
Rev.  E.  St.  John  Parry,  Professor  of  Classics, 

Trinity  colleg^e,  Toronto. 
Rev.  J.  VVaite,  Chaplain  and  Latin  Lecturer, 

University  colleg^e,  Durham. 
Rev.  G.  Whittaker,  Provost  of  Trinity  college, 

Toronto,  Canada. 


BIRTHS. 

Aug.  21.  At  Funchal,  Madeira,  the  wife  of 
Calverley  Bewicke,  esq.  a  son. 24.  At  Al- 
ba no,  near  Rome,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Clifford,  a 
son  and  heir. 

Sept.  )3.    At  Clifton,  the  wife  of  Vincent 

Eyre,  esq.  a  son. 14.    At  Stoke  Park,  near 

Bristol,  the  wife  of  John  Battersby  Harford, 

esq.  a  dau. At   the   Manor  house,  Holt, 

>Vilt8,  the  wife  of  John  Neeld,  esq.  M.P.  ason. 

15.    At  Escrick  park,  the  seat  of  her  father 

Lord  Wenlock,  the  Hun.  Mrs.  James  Stuart 

Wortley,  a  son. 18.    In  Chesham  st.  the 

wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Campbell,  a  dau. 19.   At 

Haldon  house,  Devon,  the  wife  of  Lawrence 

Palk,  esq.  a  dau. In  Hereford  st.  Thomas 

Somers  Cocks,  jun.  esq.  M.P.  a  son. 21.  At 

the  Manor  house,  Somerford  Parva,  near 
Malmesbury,  the  wife  of  John  Sealey,  esq.  a 

son  and  heir. 22.    At  East  Sheen,  the  Hon. 

Mrs.  Adolphu.<;  Liddell,  a  dau. At  Casewick, 

Lady  Trollope,   a   son   and  heir. 24.    At 

Hertingfordbury,  Herts,  the  wife  of  the  Hon. 

and    Rev.  Godolphin    Hastings,   a  dau. 

25.    At  Wood-end,  Lady  Greenock,  a  dau. 

At  Grafton  st.  the  wife  of  T.  Thistlethwayte, 

esq.  of  Southwick  park,  Hants,  a  dau. At 

Guestling  lodge,  the  wife  of  Arthur  James 

Lewis,  esq.  barrister,  a  son. 27.    The  wife 

of  Capt.  Charles  Fanshawe,  Royal  Engineers, 

a  son. At  Down  Amney,  Glouc.  the  wife  of 

Capt.  C.  Talbot,  R.N.  a  son. At  Chippen- 
ham park,  Camb.  the  seat  of  her  father  J.  Sid- 
ney Tharp,  esq.  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Alfred 

Bond.of  Freston  rectory,  Suffolk,  a  son. 

At  Longford  castle.  Viscountess  Folkestone,  a 
dau. 28.  At  Ickworth  park.  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's, Lady  Alfred  Hervey,    a  son. At 

Major-Gcneral  Vernon's,  Hilton  park,  the  wife 
of  Lieut.-Col.  Vernon,  Coldstream  Guards,  a 
son. 

Lately.  At  Wcntbridge  house,  near  Ponte- 
fract,  the  wife  of  William  Shaw,  esq.  a  son 
and  heir. 

Oct.  1.    At  Keston,  Kent,  Mrs.  Robert  Hay 

Murray,  a  son. At    Stone,  Dartford,   the 

wife  of  the  Rev.  Walter  King,  a  son. 2.    At 

Albury  park,  Lady  Lovaine,  a  son. S.    At 

Maidstone,  the  wife  of  C.  A.  Delmar,  esq.  9th 

Queen's  Royal  Lancers,  a  son. At  Seend 

cottage,  the  wife  of  Ambrose  Awdry,  esq.  a 

son. 4.    At  Mpncrieffe  house,  Perthshire, 

Lady  Louisa  Moncrieffe.  a  dau. In  Great 

Cumberland  place,  Hyae  park,  the  wife  of 
Robert  Loder,  esq.  of  the  High  Beeches,  Sus- 
sex, a  son. 5.    At  Tenby,  the  wife  of  Thos. 

Allen,  esq.  of  Freestone,  Pemb.ason  and  heir. 

Mrs.  Charles  Rivington,  Upper  Tooting,  a 

son. At  Dublin,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Abercrombv, 

a  dau. At  Learmount,  co.  Derry,  the  wife 

of  George  de  la  Poer  Beresford,  I6th  Regt.  a 

son. 6.    At  All  Saints*  parsonage,  Derby, 

the  wife  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Walwyn  Foley, 

M.A.  a  son. At  Ringstead rectory,  Norfolk, 

M  rs.  Frederick  Fitzroy,  a  dau. 7.    At  Edin- 


burgh, Viscountess   Reidhaven,   a  son. 

The  wife  of  Joseph  Bonsor,  esq.  of  Polesden, 

Surrey,   a   son. 9.     At  Upper  Montagae 

street,  the  wife  of  Leonard  M.  Strachey,  esq. 

of  Bownham,  Glouc.  a  son. H.    AtOrton 

Longueville,  Countess  of  Aboyne,  a  son. 

At  Roehampton,  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Robert  Boyle, 

a  dau. 12.    At  Thomdon  hall,  Lady  Petre, 

a  dau. At  Aikenhead  house,  Lanarksh.  Lady 

Isabella  Gordon,  a  son. At  Windmill  hill, 

Sussex,  the  wife  of  H.  M.  Curteis,  esq.  M.P.  a 

son. 13     At  Hatherop.  Lady  Maria  Pon- 

sonby,  a  son. At  Rufford  hall.  Lady  Ara- 
bella   Hesketh,  a  dau. 14.    At  Brighton, 

Viscountess  Downe,  a  son. 15.    At  Clays- 
more,  near  Enfield,  the  wife  of  J.  W.  Bosan-' 

quet,  esq.  a  dau. 16.    In  Portman-sq.  the 

wife  of  Capt.  Hatton,  Grenadier  Guards,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

June  25.  At  Madras,  Thomas  John  M'Kay 
Cunningham,  2d  Regt.  N.I.  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Lieut.-Col.  W.  Percy  Cunningham,  Madras 
Army,  to  Miss  EUen  Wood,  formerly  of  Fet- 
wortb. 

Julu  8.  At  Bombay,  Capt.  Hebbert,  Execu- 
tive Engineer,  Poonah,  eldest  son  of  Henry 
Hebbert,  esq.  of  Bromley  common,  Kent,  to 
Barbara,  dau.  of  James  King,  esq.  of  West 
Bolton,  Yorkshire. 

9.  At  Madras,  Capt.  G.  J.  Condy,  27th  N.I. 
to  Flora,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Charles  Edward 
Macdonald,  esq.  H.C.C.S.  and  great-graoddan. 
of  "  Flora  Macdonald.'* 

14.  At  Madras,  James  Law  Lu»kington,  esq. 
Madras  Civil  Service,  to  Emma,  second  dan. 
of  Henry  Nelson,  esq.  of  Denmark  hill,  Surrey. 

Aug.  5.  At  Lyme  Regis,  Capt.  Htiggentou, 
of  Reedsmouth,  Northumberland,  to  Sarah- 
Anne,  third  dau.  of  Henry  Knight,  esq.  of  Ax- 
minster. 

15.  At  Albury,  Surrey,  the  Rev.  Fred.  Gif- 
ford  Nath,  Vicar  of  Diseworth,  to  Sarah-Eliia, 
youngest  dau.  of  Mr.  George  Hackett. 

14.  Charles  B.  Martin,  youngest  son  of  the 
late  William  Martin,  esq.  of  Stewardshay, 
Leic.  to  Margarette,  second  dau.  of  John  fior- 
lase  Warren,  esq.  and  niece  of  Sir  Augustus 

Warren.  Bart. At  Bellevue,  Halifax,  Nofa 

Scotia,  Erasmus  Borrowes,  esq.  97th  tiegt. 
eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Sir  Erasmus  Borrowes, 
Bart,  to  Frederica-Esten,  eldest  dau.  of  Lieut.- 
Col.  Hutchison.  97th  Regt. At  St.  John's, 

Hyde  park.  Paddington.  Robert  B.  Were,  esq. 
of  Batn.  to  Mary  Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  late 

John   Donald    Macqueen,   esq. At  Great 

Marlow,  William,  second  son  of  the  late  R. 
Brown,  esq.  of  Bognor,  to  Cornelia-Jane, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  T.  Tindal,  esq.  Ayles- 
bury. 

15.  At  Ashprington,  Devon,  Thomas  Hunt 
Sdmondf,  esq.  of  Totnes,  to  Eleanor-Mudge, 
dau.  of  Philip  Michelmore,  esq.  of  Painsfoitl. 

At  Chichester,  Capt.  Geo.  Clarke  Hurdi§, 

R.N.  to  Anne-Elizabeth,  dau.  of  the  Ute  John 
Fuller,  esq.  of  Uckfield. 

16.  At  Faversham,  Kent,  Sanderson  /Mcr- 
ton,  esa.  of  llderton,  Northumberland,  to 
Eliiabeto,  widow  of  C  F.  Sweeney,  esq.  of 

Kilbrenal,  Tipperary. At  Hull.  George  H. 

Pjfbui,  e»q.  of  Middleton  Tyas,  Yorksh.  soli- 
citor, to  Sarah- Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Be?. 
James  Selkirk,  Chaplain  to  the  Gaol,  Hull. 

18.  At  St.  Pancras,  James  M'Nair  J7arA- 
MtfM.  esq.  C.B.  of  Antrim,  to  Ann-Mary,  dan. 
of  the  late  Joseph  Blackstone.esq.of  Horsely- 

down,  London. At  Prestwick,  Lancashire 

the  Rev.  George  HoUm,  Curate  of  Middleton! 
and  youngest  son  of  the  late  James  Hales,  esq. 
to  Anne-Molt,  second  dau.  of  James  Horrox. 
esq.  of  Middleton  Dale.  Lancaster. 

19.  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  John  Prp^r, 


534 


MaiTtages. 


[Nov. 


esq.  of  llaldock.  eldest  son  of  John  1.  Pi^or, 
esq.  of  Clay  hall,  Herts,  to  Emilv-Jane-Elixa- 
beth,  yon  newest  dan.  of  Richard  Hiirg^,  esq.  of 

Haine*8  hill,  near  Taunton. At  St.  George's 

Hanorcr  sa.  the  Hon.  Frederick  Btfron,  second 
son  of  Lora  Uyrun.  to  Mary- Jane,*  second  dan. 
of  the  late  Rev.  William  wcsomih,  of  Long- 
ford, Essex. At  St.  Gcorijc's  Hanover  sq. 

the  Rev.  Frederick  Ftinr,  of  Corfe  Mullen, 
Dorset,  to  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  and  coheiress 
of  the  late  J.imes  Cockburii,  esq.  and  grand- 

dau.  of  the  Dean  of  York. At  JJickleigh, 

South  Devon,  John  Jient,  emi.  Royal  Art.  to 
Eliza-Kara,  eldest  dau.  of  Robert  Morris,  esq. 

of  Plymouth. At  St.  Pancras,  Robert,  eldest 

son  of  William  Pottf  esq.  of  Dridg^e  st.  South- 
nark,  and  Wallington  house,  Surrey,  to  Anna, 
third  dau.  of  Donald  .Maclean,  esf|.  of  Bruns- 
wick sq. At  St.    Pancras,  the  Rev.  John 

Z/tf/i/v,  Perp.  Curate,  Sudbury,  Sufl'olk,  to 
Mary-Jane,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Wni.  Mill- 

ner,  Incumbentof  Kentish  Town. At  Dfra- 

combe,  Capt.  Edward  Kttvc,  Hen^al  Art.  to 
Eliza-Som merit,  second  dau.  ot  Rear-Adm. 
Down. —  At  Ovcrseal.  Leic.  the  Rev.  Georpe 
Lloyd,  Incumbent  of  Willebley,  l)erby«h.  son 
of  the  Rev.  Dr.  LIuyd,  Incumbent  of  (Jresley, 
to  Fanny-Maria,  youii;;est  dnu.Df  the  late  Rev. 
William  Vawdrey,  Rector  of  Harthill,  Cheshire. 

At  ('amberwell,  Alfred    Daw.<<on,  son  of 

James  Hooper y  esq.  of  Peckhani,  to  Lsetitia, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  He.iry 

Walpole,  Vicar  of  Winslow,  Rucks. At  Lit- 

tlehoroufch,  Lieut.  Molfttrorth,  R.M.  to  Sarah, 
dau.  of  the  late  Lawrence  NewalF.  esq.  of  Town 
House,  Littleborouffh. 

20.  At  St.  (ieorpe*b  Bloomsbury,  and  after- 
wards at  the  chapel  of  the  S.irdinian  Ernhnssy, 
the  Chevalier  Stefano  Giusepne  Michelc  /)i 
Nepro,  (.'apt.  Ifith  Re^t.  Sardinian  Armv,  third 
son  of  the  Manpiis  Geralnmo  Erilio  DiNepro. 
of  Genoa,  to  Lucia,  eldest  surviviiii;  dau.  of 
the  late  Francis  Blithe  Harries,  esq.  of  Bent- 
hall  hall,  Salop. — At  St.  Peti-r's  Eaton  sq. 
the  Hon.  Hayes  St.  Lrgrr,  only  !*on  of  Viccount 
Doneraile.  and  nephew  of  the  Earl  of  Bandon, 
to  Marv-Adelaide-I/jnis.i,   only    dan.    of   R. 

Conyni|:ham,  esq.  Eaton  pi. At  St.  Pancras 

Thomas  C.  Parr,  esq.  of  Cosslnf^ton,  I^ic.  to 
Eleanor,  second  dau.  of  William  Huskisson, 

esq. At  Weybridgv,  the  Rev.  (i.  H.  Faaan, 

Rector  of  Kinffsweston,  Somerset,  .second  son 
of  the  late  Col.  G.  H.  Fnpan,  Adjutant-Gen. 
Beniral  Army,  to  Rose,  fourth  dan.  of  the  late 
Sir  Hardinire  GifTard,  Chief  Justice,  Ceylou. 

At  Gillingham,  Kent,  Janie4-E(lman.  eldest 

son  of  the  late  Jamfs  Brreritfgr,  esq.  Wanda- 


Smallwood  Botrrrx,  B..\.  third  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  Bowers,  Didsbury.  to  Sarah -Ellen,  younp- 
est  dau.  of  William    Maddy,   esq.   Fairfield 

Mount.  Liverpool. At  Aberdovey,  Merio- 

uethshfre,  Charles  EUison,  es(|.  of  Lintz  STcen, 
Durham,  to  Mar^^aret,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Huffh 
Wynne  Jones,  jun.  Vicar  of  .Meifod,  Montgom. 

At   Greenwich,  PercevaP  Moses  I'artonSj 

esq.  of  I^'wishani,  to  Anne-Jane,  only  dau.  of 
the  late  Charles  Inplis  Rex  ford,  <".q.  of  Thorn- 
ton house,  Greenwich. 

SI.  At  Netherbury,  Dorset,  Uenry  Jteertt 
esq.  of  Her  .Majesty's  Privy  Council  (Office,  to 
(Jhristina-Georfcinn-Jane,  only  dau.  of  Georfifc 

Tilly  Gollop,  esq.  of  Strode  house,  Dorset. 

At  Heddon  -  on  -  the- Wall,  Northumberland, 
Chas.  James  Lamb,  esq.  of  Ryton,  Durham,  to 
Frances-Onpley,  third  dan.  of  the  late  Capt. 
F    W.  Borifoyne,    R.N. At   Stowlangtofl, 


Saffblk.  Henry  G.  W.  Sperling,  esq.  of  High- 
bury hill,  Middlesex,  to  MAry-Maltland,  etdnt 
dau.  of  Henry  Wilson,  esq.  of  StowUnrtoft 

liaii. At  Cromhall.  Olouc  John  nMitdke, 

esq.  of  Plymouth,  to  Helen-Maria,  eldest  daa. 

of  G.  Wallis,  M.D.  of  Bristol. At  ReinCe- 

Jiiland.  eUIest  .*4on  of  Fruderick  Dawes  Jm. 
vcm,  esq.  of  the  Durhy  of  Lancaster,  to  Sarah, 
Frances,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Henty  Rochfoit. 

of  Vastina   rectory,    co.    Westmeath. At 

Edinburgh,  William  WiUovi,  esq.  M.D.  Flo- 
rencH,  to  Jeannette- Elizabeth,  eldest  daa,  of 
Lord  Wood,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Conrt  of 

Seosion. At  St.  George's  HanOTersq.  Wn. 

Henry  Rainsford  JToHHai/.  esq.  of  Kirkdald, 
Kircudbright,  to  Maria,  dau.  of  the  late  CbL 
.Simnel  Dalrymple,  H.K.LC.S.  and  relict  of 
Robert  Steuart,  esq.  M.P.  of  Alderston. 

S3.  At  St.  Mary's  Rryanston  so.  Richard 
Chatlieickt  esq.  to  Georgiana-Ann,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  Rev.  ( .  Spencer- Bourchier,  Rector  of 

Great  Hallinirbury,  Essex. At  East  Cran- 

inore,  Soin.  Henry- William,  eldest  sort  of  the 
Rev.  Henry  Iloikius,  Prebendary  of  Wella  and 
Hereford,  and  Rector  of  North  Perrott,  to  Jane- 
Blanche-Somervillc,  eldest  dau.  of  J.  M.  Pafet, 

esq.  of  Craumore  hall. At  Walcot  Charck^ 

Bnth,  Isaac  IVanrlek,  esq.  of  Hiffhfleld  house, 
Rickmansworth.  Herts,  to  Mary,  eldest  dan. 
of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Hewett,  of  Cheshanii 
Bucks. 

23.  At  Brighton,  Ihcodorc  Afcrffn,  esq. 
James  st.  Buckingham  gate,  solicitor,  one  of 
the  writers  in  the  Edinburgh  Reriew.  to  lliM 
Helen  Faucit  Saville,  tlie  Helen  Fandt  of  the 

dramatic  world. At  Stockwell,  John  Pieter. 

only  son  of  the  late  Jonathan  Featkeniom,  99q, 
24th  Foot,  of  Newbas-grange.  Darham,  and 
BInckhall,  Northumberland,  to  Marr-Anne. 
eldest  surviving  dan.  of  A.  Day.  esq.  K.M.  Or 
Stockwell,  Surrey,  and  granddan.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Samuel  Ashe,  Rector  of  l^ngley  Bnrrell, 
Wilts. 

2Ck  At  Tamlaghtard,  Londonderry,  Sir  Fre- 
derick Wni.  Hcjfgatf,  Bart.,  to  Marianne,  only 
dau.  of  the  late  Conolly  Gage,  eso.  of  Bella* 

rena,  Londonderry. At  A8tley,Luic.  John 

WrMefy  esq.  son  of  the  late  £.  Webster,  esq. 
of  St.  HclenN,  to  Elizabeth-Catharine,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Alfred  Hewlett,  M.A.  Incnm- 

bent  of  A^tley. At  Eling,  Arthur  Howard, 

son  of  the  Rev.  W.  J.  BMtfird,  D.D.  to  Sarah, 
fourth  dau.  of  the  late  W.  Spear,  esq.  of  Monk- 
ton,  I>orset. At  Wickwar,  Giouc.  the  Rer. 

Richartl  Meredith j  M.A.  Vicar  of  Hagbovm. 
Berks,  to  Arabella,  only  surviving  dan.  of  Wbb. 

Hi;;gs,   CSC],  late  of  Bristol. At  Weston- 

.super-.Mare,  John  Wm.  /////foaf,  esq.  Of  Ony- 
ers,  Corsham,  Wilts,  sun  of  the  Re?.  H.  B.  W. 
Hillcoat,  D.D.  Rector  of  St.  Matthew's,  Lhrer- 
lYOol,  to  Catherine-Ellen,  eldest  dan.  of  H.  J. 

Mant,  esq. At  Chehiea.  Edward  Joaeelfn 

Baumparfner,  of  the  Midule  Temple,  berrts- 
ter-at-law,  to  Catherine,  youngest  dan.  of  the 
late  William  Taylor,  esq.  of  Histon,Camb.  - 
At  St.  MarraretN  Westminster,  John  < 

Hint's    Harrison^  esq.  of  Gilstead,  Bini 
orKsh.  to  Marion,  second  dau.  oiP  Wil 

lr\  inff.  esq.  of  Great  George  st. At  Haydor, 

Linculnsh.  the  Rev.  James  Wood^  of  Chnafe 
(■hiirch,  Bath,  to  Sophia,  yoangest  aorrfTiiy 
dau.  of  the  late  C.  Hill.  esq.  of  WeHinboroOffK 

At  Sfiuthchurch,  the  Rer.  O.  i.  ir«ftaf, 

M.A.  to  Francc'-Talbot, dan. of Thoo. Peaeoek, 

esq.  of  Bishop*fl  Auckland. At  Melcombe 

Regis,  Rev.  Jolin  Utepkaupitt  B.A.  to  Oeor- 
giana  Phipps,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 
William  Fitch  Arnold,  of  Little  MlaaenOen 

Abbey.  Bucks. At  nrnham,  Sarrey,  DOaf- 

las  Halt  on,  Lieut.  Royal  Rng.  second  sOn  of 
1.  H.  Galton.esq.  ot  lladtor.  Wore,  to  malri- 
annc,  dau.  or  O.  T.  Nicholson,  esq.  of  Water^ 
ley  Abbey. —  At  Tonbridge,  Kent,  Artlmr 


1851.] 


Maniages. 


m 


Uer^fretCf  esq.  F.L.S-  to  Elizabeth- Anoe,  eldest 
(lau.  of  the  late  Hon.  Jabei  Henry,  First  Eo- 

Jlisli  President  of  Demerara,  and  Supreme 
ud((c  of  the  Ionian  Islands. At  Fittlewortfa, 

Sussex,  the  Rev.  Charles  Henry  Hutchimon, 
Vicar  of  VVcstdean,  Sussex,  to  Maria-Elixabeth, 
second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  fjatham,  Vicar 

of  FittleWorth. At  Westbury-upon-TVym, 

Glouc.  Edui.  Armitage  Hardy,  esq.  Ueut. 
First  Bombay  LAncers,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Col.  Edmund  Hardy,  Bombay  Art.  to  Grace- 
Maxwell,  third  dau.  of  P.  F.  Aiken,  esq. 

27.  At  Banbury,  Josh.  Bevan  Braithtcaitei  of 
Lincoln's  inn,  barrister-at-law,  to  Martha, 
dau.  of  Jos.  Ashby  Gillctt,  banker. At  Ken- 
sington,'.Thomas  Utker.  esq.  of  Edinburgh,  to 
Eliza- Caroline,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Major 
William  Henderson,  Bombay  European  Regt. 

At  Jersey,   Frederick  James   Marchant 

Hj/ne,  esq.  of  St.  Heller's,  to  Selina-Elizabeth, 
only  surviving  dau.  of  the  late  Capt.  Thomas 

Watson  Leech,  H.EI.C.S. At  York,  John 

Prcscod  Woodt  esq.  solicitor,  eldest  son  of 
John  Wood,  esq.  or  York,  to  Martha,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Richardson,  Vicar  of 
Bugthorpe. 

28.  At  Kenwyn,  Richard  Bcuder,  esq.  of 
Lincoln's  inn,  barrister-at-Uw,  to  Octavia- 
Mary,  youngest  dau.  of  Clement  Carlyon,  M.D. 

of  Truro At  Chelsea,  Charles  MorreU,  esq. 

of  Sloane  st.  and  Wallingford,  Berks,  to  Mary- 
Ann,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Benjamin  Spar- 

rell,  esq. At  Iddesleigb,  Devon,  the  Rev. 

Frederick  Pitman,  Rector  of  that  parish,  to 
Elinor,  youngest  dau.  of  Hugh  Mallet,  esq.  of 
Ash-Iddesleigh. At  Gartincuber,  Perth- 
shire, John  Bum  MurdoeA,  esq.  jun.  of  Gar- 
tincuber, to  Dora,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 

Capt.  Monk  Mason,  R,N. At  St.  01ave*s 

Olu  Jewry,  Oliver  Pemberton,  esa.  F.R.C.S.  of 
Birmingham,  youngest  son  of  Ibomas  Pem- 
berton, esq.  of  Warstone,  to  Anna,  only  child 

of  D.  W.  Harvey,  es<j. At  Inverness,  John 

Robert  Machetizie,  eso.  Lient.  2d  Madras  Eur. 
Light  Inf.  to  Amelia-Robert.son,  second  dau. 
of  James  Wilson,  esq.  Inverness. At  Loft- 
house,  Yorkshire,  tne  Rev.  John  Francis 
Hawker  English,  LL.B.  of  Warley  house, 
Essex,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir  J.  H.  English, 
K.G.V.  to  Ann-Georgiana,  only  dau.  of  6.  W. 

Tireraan,  eso.  of  Loftnousehall,  Yorkshire. 

At  Huddersneld,  the  Rev.  Frederick  Daj^,  B.A. 
Curate  of  All  Saints',  Northampton,  to  Ann- 
Amelia,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  R.  Fryer,  esq. 

of  Rastrick. At  St.  Peter's,  Bedford,  Henry 

Edward  Earie,  esq.  son  of  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Earle, 
Rector  of  High  Ongar,  Essex,  to  Anne-Maria, 
eldest  dau.  of  Henry  Sharpin,  esq.  late  of  Her 

Majesty's   4th   Light   Dragoons. At    St. 

George's  Bloomsbory,  Alexander  Black,  esq. 
of  Russell  sq.  to  Harriet,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  John  Stevenson  Salt,  esq.  of  Russell  sq. 

29.  At  Edinburgh,  Major  Henry  H .  Artiaud, 
H.B.I.C.S.  to  Agnes-Williamson-Thompson, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Andrew  Kedslie,  esq. 
surgeon,  H.E.I.C.S. 

30.  At  Tottenham,  Walter,  second  son  of 
John  Walter  Upward,  esq.  of  Hamilton  place, 
New  road,  to  Emily-Anne,  third  dau.  of  Wm. 
Bowles,  esq.  late  of  Fitzharris  house,  Berks. 

At  Leytonstone,  Essex,  Charles  VL  Vinet, 

esq.  of  St.  Helen's  pi.  to  Emma,  youngest  dan. 
of  John  Greenhill,  esq.  of  Forest  place,  Leyton- 
stone. 

Lateli/.  At  Ilatton,  near  Warwick,  Titos. 
fityan,  juu.  esq.  of  Brunswick  sq.  to  Frances- 
Sarah,  dau.  of  the  late  Benjamin  Lake,  esq.  of 
Stockport,  Cheshire,  and  niece  of  the  Kev.  T. 

Hope,   Vicar  of  Hatton. At    Prestbury, 

Chesh.  W.  S.  Harvey,  esq.  R.N.,  F.R.G.S.  to 
Anna  Lambert  Edwards,  dau.  of  the  late  Rer. 
A.  A.  Edwards,  formerly  Dean  of  Caahel. 

Sepi,  2.    At  Clapham,  Frederick  J.  W^od, 


esq.  LL.D.  of  Lincoln's  inn,  to  Jane,  dan.  of 
Thomas  M.  Coombs,  esq.  of  Clapham  commoa. 

At  Bath,  Lawrence  Blonnf  WuUfmtt  e«q. 

of  Springfield  lodge,  to  Elizabeth-Fraocev, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Geo.  PhUipps,  esq.^f 
Llwyncrwu,  Caermarthenshire. At  Nor- 
wood, the  Rev.  Edward  Henry  Lovelock,  Ute 
of  St.  Jameses,  Clapham,  eldest  son  of  Edwmrtf 
Lovelock,  esq.  ot  Islington,  to  Catheriot, 
seventh  dan.  of  Mr.  Richard  Simpson,  Elm 

grove,  Norwood. At  Sedburgh,  Yorkshire, 

Frederick  Brock  HolUntkead,  esq.  late  ISUi 
Lancers,  to  Elizabeth,  youngest  dau^  of  tto 

late  William  Hedley,  esq.  of  Sbeemess. At 

Thorpe,  Essex,  Jonn  Lawrence  Jffirby,  esq. 
second  son  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  L.  Kirby,  Vicar 
of  Little  Clacton,  to  Margaret,  second  dan.  ^ 

D.  L.  Manthorp,  esq.  of  Thorpe  Abbey. At 

All  Souls'  Langham  pi.  John,  youngest  spn  of 
Robert  Mathers,  esq.  of  the  Bank  of  England, 
and  Nelson  sq.  to  Harriett,  youngest  dau.  or 
the  late  Capt.  Cubison.  R.N. 

3.  At  Portsea,  Edward  Qranikam,  esq. 
Lieut.  9th  Regt.  son  of  Henry  Grantham,  esq. 
of  Scawby,  Line  to  Fanny-Jona-Averne.  relict 
of  J.  F.  Woodhouse,  esq.  Lieut.  H.  M.  61st 
Regt.  and  eldest  dau.  of  Edward  Taylor  Ju- 
verf  n,  esq.  of  the  Great  Salterns.  At  the  swne 
time  and  place,  John  Francis  Totieukam,  e^q. 
Lieut.  R.N.  of  Keonbrook,  co.  Leitrim,  son  qf 
the  late  Lord  Robert  Tottenham,  Bishop  of 
Clogher,  to  Laura-Ellen-Dodd,  second  dau.  of 

Edward  Janverin. At  Satcombe  Regis,  the 

Rev.  T.  Keble,  Fellow  of  Magdalen  college* 
Oxford,  to  Cornelia- Sarah,  fourth  dan.  of  ue 
late  Rev.  G.  J.  Cornish,  I^reb.  of  Exeter,  and 

Vicar  of  Kenwyn. At  Thurning,  Norfolk, 

Purefoy  Huddlestone,esf\.  of  Norton,  Snffolk, 
to  Mary-Frances,  eldest  dau.  of  James  G%f, 

esq.  of  Thurning  hall. At  Chiswick,  tifie 

Rev.  John  Sanders,  Vicar  of  SpaldwicktHanti, 
to  Caroline,  second  dan.  of  the  Ute  WilUtqi 
Cliurton,  esq.  of  Sutto»  court  lodge,  lfid(|z. 

At  Hartford,  in  Cheshire,  Henry  A.  Ort§, 

esq.  o(  Liverpool,  fourth  surviving  son  of 
William  Grey,  esq.  of  Norton,  near  Stockton- 
on-Tees,  to  Elizabeth- Frances,  second  dan.  of 
James  Royds,  esq.  of  Woodlands. ^At  Chel- 
sea, Samuel  Power,  esq.  C.E.  to  Frances,  thii^ 
dau.  of  Capt.  Edward  Sutherland,  Roval  Ho«- 

nital,  Chelsea. At  Maltby,  Yorkshire,  the 

Rev.  J.  W.  Berryman,  Curate  of  Newton,  in 
the  Isle  of  Ely,  son  of  the  late  W.  Berryman, 
esq.  of  Hampton,  to  Annie,  second  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  G.  Rolfestoo,  Vicar  of  Maltby. 

4.  At  Daventry,  Geo.  Augustus  Brijfstockt, 
esq.  PortobellOjiiear  l^inburgh.  sixth  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Brigstocke,  Vicar  of 
Llawhaden,  Pembrokeshire,  to  Eliza,  third 
surviving  dau.  of  the  late  John  Barber  Tuck, 

esq.   of  Wellingborough. At    Stockwell, 

James  William  llott,  esq.  of  Bromley.  Kent, 
to  Caroline- Barry,  second  dau.  of  the  ti^ 
Rev.  Charles  Samuel  Woodd,  Rector  of  Dray- 
ton Beauchamp,   Bucks. At  Carmartheiiy 

Jeremiah  Uancoeke,  esq.  1st  Dragoon  Guardff, 
to  Mary-Elizabeth,  second  dau.  of  the  R«f. 
David  Archard  Williams,  Incumbent  of  81. 

David's,  Rector  of  Merthyr,  &c. At  Bsher, 

the  Rev.  George  Rickards,  M.A.  eldest  son  of 
Capt.  George  Richards,  R.M.  to  Emilv-Loulsa. 
younger  dan.  of  John  Walford  Izoa,  esq.  0^ 

Esher. At  EJCminster.  Ralph  Ludlow  Xopcss, 

esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  second  son  oTSir 
Ralph  Lopes,  l}art.  M.P.  of  Maristow,  to  Bliia- 
betn,  third  dau.  of  S.  T.  Kekewich,  esq.  of 

Peamore,  Devon. At  Hampstead,  Middlo- 

sex,' Edward  liardeastU,  esq.  younger  aon  of 
the  late  Alfred  Hardcastle,  esq.  of  HatckMi 
boose,  Surrey,  to  Priscilla-Buxton,  eldest  daik 
of  the  late  Samuel  Hoare,  jun.  esq.  of  HaiBB- 
ttead  heath,  and  stepdau.  of  Gut.  Sir  WTB. 
Parry,  R.N. ^At  Stoke-Hext-OnUdfoid,  M- 


536 


Marriages, 


[Nov. 


Sastus  Bradbury,  esq.  of  Weavers*  hall,  Lon- 
on,  solicitor,  second  son  of  John  Bradbury, 
esq.  of  Strcatham  and  Aldcrmanbury,  to  Ellen, 
fourth  dau.  of  Gcori^e  Drew,  esq. ;  also,  Chas. 
Dingicail,  esq.  of  Idol  lane  and  Hanover  sq.  to 
Julia- Blanche,  youngest  dau.  of  Georg^e  Drew, 

esq.  of  Streatham  and  Guildford. At  Faw- 

ley,  Hants,  Henry  Cadman  Jone$t  esq.  barris- 
ter-at-law,  and  Fellow  of  Trin.  coll.  Camb.  son 
of  the  Kev.  Joseph  Jones,  Incumbent  of  Rep- 
ton,  Derb.  to  Anna-Maria,  only  dau.  of  the 
late  Robert  Steevens  Harrisson,  esq.  of  Bourn 

abbey,  Line. At  Whitsbury,  Hants,  Richd. 

Purvis,  esq.  Comm.  R.N.  young^est  son  of 
Rear-Adm.  Purvis,  to  Georgiana- Rachel,  eldest 
dau.  of  the  late  Major-Gen.  James  Cock,  of 

the  H.E.I.C.S.  of  Hopton  hall,  Suffolk. At 

St.  James's,  Westbourne  terrace,  John  Archi- 
bald Ctuejf,  esq.  of  Guildford  st.  eldest  son  of 
the  late  John  Casey,  esq.  to  Julia,  dau.  of 
Edward  Levien,  esa.  of  Gloucester  su.  Ilvde 

nark. At  Ainderby  Steeple,  Line  the  Rev. 

».  B.  BrathertA.ti.  Incumbent  of  St.  Stephen's, 
South  Shields,  to  Emily-Anne,  fourth  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  William  Dent,  of  Crosby  Cote. 

At  Old  Swinford,  Major  Thomas  Ditmat, 

Madras  Art.  son  of  the  late  Col.  Ditnias,  to 
Ella-Martha,  second  dau.  of  Richard  Hick- 
man,  esq.   of  Old   Swinford. At   Trinity 

Church,  St.  Marylebone,  John  /lendfrton,  esq, 
eldest  son  of  J.  V.  Henderson,  esq.  of  Man- 
chester sq.  to  Anne- Mary-Charlotte,  you  newest 
dau.  of  the  late  Dr.  William  Cook  son,  M.D.  of 
Lincoln. 

6.  At  Southover,  Inigo  Cell,  esq.  of  Lewes, 
to  Jannette-Marian,  dau.  of  the  late  John  Barr, 

esq.  Surgeon  to  Her  Majesty's  Forces. At 

Warnbrook,  Dorset,  Thonins-Yuille.  second 
son  of  the  late  Andrew  Wardrop,  esq.  of 
Madeira,  to  Ellen,  dau.  of  Lieut.  H.  Crocker, 

R.N. At  Upper Chel&ea,S.  W.Edenboroughy 

esq.  of  Thrift  hall,  E»se.\,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Samuel  Edenborough,  es((.  of  Leyton,  to 
Margaret,  dau.  of  the  late  George  Guild,  esq. 
and  niece  of  the  late  Dr.  W.  1\  Lauder,  M.l). 
of  Sloane  street. 

7.  At  Greenwich,  John  Conry,  esq.  of  Dub- 
lin, and  of  Strokestown,  Roscommon,  to  Alice- 
Gertrude-Arabella,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 
Conry,  of  the  49th  Regiment. 

8.  At  Castle  Church,  the  Kev.  Edward 
Allen,  Incumbent  of  St.  Paul's,  Tunhridge,  to 
Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  the  lale  George  Keen, 
esq.  of  Rowley. —  -At  Wroughton,  Wiltshire, 
Arthur  P.  Lattetf,  es<i.  to  Fanny-Jane,  eldest 
dau.  of  William'  P.  Palmer,  cnt].  Bengal  Civil 

Service. At   Alverstoke,    Charles    James 

dale,  es(|.  barri.ster-at-law,  to  Rosa,  youngest 
dau.  of  James  Iloskins,  esq.  of  Alverstoke 
road,  Go.sport. 

9.  At  Ashtead,  N.  Waller,  esq.  of  Ma- 
sonfl;ill  house,  Thornton-in-]x)n.sdale,  West 
Riding,  Yorkshire,  to  Julia,  youngest  daugh- 
ter of  Thos.  Parker,  esq.  of  Ashtead,  Sur- 
rey.—  At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  Arthur 
Owen  Lord,  late  Capt.  72d  Highlanders,  to 
Lucy-Sophia,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Henry 

Taylor,  esq.  of  the  Madras  Civil  Service. 

At  Exeter,  J.  M.  Nixon,  es»i.  BA.  of  Clare 
hall,  Camb.  to  Amelia-Jones,  youngest  dau. 

of  Mr.  Thos.  Branch. At  Walcot  church, 

the  Rev.  J.  Cockayne,  to  Margaretta-Hamp- 
den,  dan.  of  Archdeacon  England,  and  relict 

of  the  Rev.  John  Hampden At  St.  Mary 

Abbot's,  Kensington,  tlie  Rev.  P.  S.  Aldrich, 
esq.  of  Pulboruugli,  Sussex,  to  Maria,  widow 
of  P.  T.   Lewis,   esq.   of   Brompton,    Kent. 

At  Carlton  in  Lindrick,  Notts,  the  Rev. 

Stephen  R.  Spicer,  A.M.  to  Ruth,  third  dau. 
of  tne  late  Rev.  Thomas  Sutton,  D.D.  Vicar  of 
Sheffiehl,  and  Canon  of  York. 

10.  At  Plymouth,  the  Rev.  Thos.  Cave  CkiUUf 
Incumbent  of  St.  Mary's,  Devonport,  to  Cbar- 

11 


lotte-Cliampion,  fourth  daa.  of  the  late  Rev. T. 

Grylls,  Rector  of  Cardyngfaam. At  Brom- 

field,  near  Ludlow,  William  Brenird  Creatpf 
esq.  of  Westbourne  place,  Hyde  park  gardens, 
surgeon,  to  Emma,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Timothy  Bluck,  esq.  of  Lower  Hayton,  Salop. 

At  Paris,  the  Viscount  Van  LeempoH  ae 

yieitiemunster.  Member  of  the  Belgian  Senate, 
to  Arabella,  third  dau.  of  John  Dylce.  esq.— 
At  Meysey  Hampton,  Glouceatersnire,  the 
Edward  Henry  Lee,  of  Cliffe,  Kent,  to  Mary- 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  F.  W.  Holme, 
Rector  of  Meysey  Hampton. 

II.  At  Leigh,  Essex,  Lieut.  Arthur  a'Court 
Fisher,  Royal  Eng.  second  son  of  the  Rev. 
William  Fisher,  Canon  Residentiary  of  ^is- 
bury,  to  Carolme-Eden,  second  dau.  of  the 

Right  Rev.  the  Bishop  of  Moray  and  Ross. 

At  Ancaster,  Arthur  David,  eldest  son  of  David 
Veaseyj  esq.  of  Castle  hill  house,  Huntingdon, 
to   Emily-Persis,   youngest  dan.  of  Cliulea 

AUix,  esq.  of  Willoughby  hall,  Line. At 

Ashboum,  Anthony,  son  of  the  late  Anthony 
Crosbie  Martin,  esq.  to  Margaret,  relict  oif 
Capt.  Macquarie,  55th  Regt.  and  dau.  of  the 
late  R.  D.  Goodwin,  esq.  of  Ashboum,  Derby. 

At  Dublin,  E.  W.  O^Mahowy,  esii.  barrls- 

terat-law,  to  Grace,  dau.  of  the  Date  Col. 
L'Estrange,  of  Moystown  in  the  King's  Connty, 
and  niece  to  the  late  Gen.  L'Estrange. 

13.  At  St.  Alban's,  Arthur  Alexander  HeftM- 
ham,  esq.  of  Redgrave,  Suffolk,  to  Catherine, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Willmott,  esq. 

of  Lewisham. At  Bassingham,  Line.  Edw. 

Solly,  esq.  F.R.S.  of  Tavistock  sq.  London,  to 
Alice,  third  dau.  of  the  Rev.  D.  S.  Waylaad, 
Vicar  of  Kirton-in-Lindsey. At  St.  Leo- 
nard s-on-Sea,  William  S.  //itekwum,  esq.  of 
Kitebrook  house,  Oxf.  tO  Harriet-Catherine, 
thinl  dau.  of  Nathaniel  Bent,  esq.  late  of  the 
H.E. I.e.  Service. 

15.  At  Seend,  Wilts,  the  Rev.  Edward 
Everett,  son  of  Joseph  Uogue  Everett,  esq.  of 
Biddesden,  to  Ellen-Seymour,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  Peter  Awdry,  esq.  of  Seena. 

16.  At  Crieff;  North  Britain,  James  W. 
Middleton  Berrv,  esq.  of  Ballynesall,  co.  of 
Westmeath,  to  Caroline-Augusta,  rourth  daa. 
of  the  Right  Hon.  T.  B.  C.  Smith.  Master  of 

the  Rolls. At  Richmond.  Surrey,  Arthur  J. 

Oticav,  es(i.  second  son  of  the  Ute  Adm.  Sir 
Robert  Otway,  Bart.  G.C.H.  to  Henrietta,  dau. 

of  the  late  Sir  James  Langham,  Bart. At 

Fulham,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Mould,  M.A.of  Lon> 
don,  to  Harriet-Louisa,  only  dau.  of  Peter 

Feamhead,  esq.  of  Colehill  loclge. At  Flush, 

Dorset,  Henry  J.  J.  Cockerham,  eldest  son  of 
T.  Cockerham,  esq.  of  Ceme  Abbas,  to  Anna, 
youngest  dau.  of  Michael  Miller,  esq.  of  Plush 
house. At  Norwood,  Middx.  Rbt.  Edw.  Re- 
ginald }Vattg,  esq.  of  Trinity  coll.  Camh.  eklest 
son  of  the  late  Rev.  Robert  Watts,  Rector  of 
St.  Benet's,Gracechurch.  to  Louisa-Ord,eldesc 
dau.  of  Capt.  Agnew,  or  the  Bengal  Serrlce. 

At   St.  George's  Hanover  square,  John 

Wraith,  esq.  to  Anne- Frances,  youngest  daa. 
of  John  Dymoke,  esq.  of  Tetford,  Linc.^— At 
St.  James's  Piccadilly,  Roger  KynoMtom,  etq. 
of  St.  James's  place,  to  Juliana,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  late  iienry  Browne,  esq.  of  Portland  pi. 

and   North    Mimms    Place. At  Claphan, 

Yanko  Antoniadet,  esq.  of  Constantinople,  to 
Mary-Ann,  only  dau.  of  James  Balaam,  etq. 
of  Clapham,  Surrey. 

17.  At  Manchester,  John  Jamet,  esq.  Vi- 
carage, Wrexham,  to  Anne-Elixalwth,  eklett 
dau.  of  John  Farrcr,  esq.  Higher  Broughtoa. 

At   Milbrook,  Henry  B.  TIfrnm,  CM|. 

Bengal  Civil  Service,  son  of  the  late  John 
Thornhill.esq.  Director  E.LC.  to  Emily  Heath- 
field,  dau.  of^  Frederick  Lock.  esq.  and  grand- 
dau.  of  Vice-Adm.  Lock,  of  flayhuids.  lale  of 
Wight. 


537 


OBITUARY. 


Prince  William  of  Prussia. 

Sept,  28.  At  the  Royal  Palace,  Berlin, 
aged  68,  Prince  Frederick  William  Charles 
of  Prussia,  and  uncle  of  the  present  King. 

This  prince  was  the  youngest  legitimate 
son  of  Frederick- William  the  Second,  and 
was  born  at  Potsdam  on  the  3rd  of  July, 
1 783.  He  served  actively  during  the  war 
with  France,  which  terminated  so  disas* 
trously  at  the  battle  of  Jena.  In  the  action 
at  Auerstadt,  which  preceded  that  battle, 
the  prince  led  an  attack  of  cavalry,  and 
had  his  horse  killed  under  him.  In  1808 
he  undertook  a  mission  to  Paris,  to  en- 
deavour to  procure  from  Napoleon  some 
diminution  of  the  heavy  burdens  he  had 
imposed  on  Prussia  by  the  terms  of  the 
treaty  of  Tilsit.  What  he  saw  of  the 
French  government  of  this  period  led 
him  to  look  forward  with  hope  for  the  time 
when  the  Prussian  people  themselves  would 
rise  against  the  imperial  yoke.  The  fatal 
Russian  campaign  of  1812  gave  the  signal; 
Austria,  Russia,  and  Prussia  formed  an 
alliance.  The  Prussian  population,  at  the 
appeal  of  Frederick-William  the  Third, 
rose  enthusiastically.  The  struggle  lasted 
through  1813  and  1B14,  and  closed  with 
the  destruction  of  the  French  empire  by 
the  battle  of  Waterloo.  In  these  cam- 
paigns Prince  William  was  present  at  the 
battles  of  Katzbach  and  Leipsic.  In  the 
action  of  Gross- Gorschen,  which  checked 
the  advance  of  a  French  corps  on  Berlin 
itself,  while  Napoleon  commanded  at  Dres- 
den, the  Prince,  at  the  head  of  the  Bran- 
denburg Cuirassiers,  repulsed  a  French 
detachment,  and  again  had  a  horse  shot 
under  him.  He  afterwards  commanded  a 
brigade ;  then  a  division  under  Marshal 
Yoick ;  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Laon  during  the  advance  of  the  Allies  on 
Paris,  and  the  last  conflict  before  the 
French  capital.  At  Waterloo  he  com- 
manded the  reserve  cavalry  of  the  4th 
corps  of  the  Prussians.  During  the  long 
period  of  peace  that  followed  1-815,  Prince 
William  was  three  times  commandant  of 
the  fortress  of  Mayence.  In  1830  he 
was  Governor-General  of  the  Rhine  pro- 
vinces. 

He  married,  Jan.  13,  1804,  Amelia, 
daughter  of  Frederick -Lewis,  Landgrave 
of  Hesse-Homburg  (and  sister  to  the  Land- 
grave who  married  the  Princess  Elizabeth 
of  Great  Britain).  In  1846  he  became  a 
widower  ;  and  he  leaves  one  son  and  two 
daughters :  Prince  Adalbert,  bom  in  181 1 ; 
Mary,  Queen  of  Bavaria ;  and  Elizabeth, 
married  to  Prince  Charles  of  Hesse.  Hii 
younger  son.  Prince  Waldemar,  who  had 

Gbmt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


distinguished  himself  by  his  travels  in 
India,  and  by  his  presence  in  the  Sikli 
campaign  under  Sir  Henry  Hardinge,  died 
in  1849. 

The  funeral  of  the  deceased  prince  took 
place  on  the  2d  of  October,  according  to 
his  will,  without  pageant.  The  body  was 
privately  removea  to  the  cathedral,  where 
the  royal  family,  ministers,  and  high  mili- 
tary officers  assembled  to  hear  the  funeral 
service. 


Marshal  Sbbastxani. 

July  SO.  At  Paris,  in  his  80th  year, 
Marshal  Sebastiani. 

Horace  Sebastiani  was  bom  Nov.  11, 
1771*  at  Porta,  in  Corsica,  of  an  ancient 
family,  connected  with  that  of  the  Bona- 
partes.  He  entered  very  young  into  the 
army,  and  won  his  first  grades  in  the  cam- 
paigns of  Italy.  He  was  made  Colonel 
in  1799,  after  which  he  was  employed  by 
the  First  Consul  in  several  diplomatic 
missions,  in  which  he  displayed  great 
talent,  particularly  at  Constantinople  and 
in  Egypt.  He  was  made  a  General  of 
Division  after  the  battle  of  Ansterliti, 
where  he  was  severely  wounded.  In  1805, 
when  the  Emperor  formed  the  design  of 
excluding  the  British  fleet  from  the  Dar- 
danelles, he  selected  General  Sebastiani 
as  his  ambassador  to  animate  and  sustain 
the  courage  of  the  Sultan  Selim.  The 
general  afterwards  took  part  in  the  cam- 
paigns of  Spain.  He  fought  at  Talavera 
in  1809,  and  in  1810  subjugated  Granada 
and  Malaga.  In  Spain  he  was  notorioos 
for  having  ransacked  the  convents  with 
merciless  avarice,  and  for  mutilating  or 
destroying  the  airy  tracery  in  the  time- 
hononred  halls  of  the  Albambra.  The 
glorious  building  was  converted  by  Sebas- 
tiani into  stables  for  his  horses,  and  bar- 
racks for  his  debauched  dragoons. 

He  subsequently  made  the  campaign  in 
Russia  under  Murat,  and  distinguished 
himself  at  the  battles  of  Borodino,  Bautzen, 
Lntzen,  Leipzig,  and  Hanau.  On  the  in* 
vasion  of  France  he  had  \  command  in 
Champagne,  and  defended  Chalons.  On 
the  10th  April,  1814,  he  sent  to  M.  Tal- 
leyrand his  adhesion  to  the  provisional 
government,  and  on  the  Ist  Jane  re- 
ceived from  the  King  the  crois  of  St. 
Louis.  On  the  vacancy  caused  by  the 
death  of  General  Foy,  he  was  elected  by 
the  department  of  the  Aisne  to  the  Cham- 
ber of  Dqputies,  where  he  sat  on  tlM 
benches  of  the  constitutional  oppoeition. 
After  the  second  abdication  of  Napoleott« 
he  was  named  as  one  of  the  comaamuim 


538     Obituary. — Gen,  Lopez, — Earl  of  Liveipool^  G,CJB,    [Nov. 

in  Madrid  on  private  btumesi.  Having 
joined  the  Royalist  party,  he  was  made 
aide-de-camp  to  the  Commander  in  diief, 
General  Valdez,  and  recdved  several  mi- 
litary decorations.  He  was  hononred  with 
several  important  (^ces  by^the  Qoteui 
and  finally  was  made  governor  of  Bfadrid. 
Afterwards,  a»  senator  from  Seville,  he  is 
said  to  have  made  the  condition  of  Cnba 
his  especial  study,  and  the  expulsion  of 
the  Cuban  deputies  from  the  Cortes  in- 
duced him  to  resign  his  office  and  return 
to  the  island.  There  he  held  several  poeta 
under  the  Captain  General  Valdes.  Finallyt 
he  undertook  the  re-working  of  an  aba»* 
doned  copper  mine  in  the  central  depart- 
ment, where  he  is  said  to  have  empiojed 
his  time  in  instilling  liberal  prindplea  into 
the  minds  of  the  populace. 

In  1849,  when  he  thou^  everything 
was  ripe  for  a  revolution,  Lopez  cane  Ui 
the  United  States  aud  got  up  the  imma- 
ture and  worse  than  useless  attempt  ai  ea 
invasion,  known  as  the  Round  lalaBd  Xi« 
pedition.  In  May,  1850,  he  suddenly  oe- 
cupied  the  town  of  Cardenas  and  aa  md- 
denly  evacuated  it  In  Auguat,  1851,  he 
again  landed  in  Cuba  at  BaUa  Honda. 
After  occasioning  a  lost  to  the  Spaniak 
forces  greater  in  amount  than  that  of  hia 
whole  company,  he  justly  received  tiiaft 
severity  of  punishment  for  himaelf  andUa 
followers  which  he  had  repeatedly  pnK 
yoked,  and  of  which  he  had  previonaly  m- 
ceived  a  deliberate  warning.  On  the  lei 
of  September,  1851,  he  suffered  the  igno- 
minious death  of  the  garotte,  at  Havaniiih. 

Lopez  was  a  wealUiy  man,  but  pioftuo 
in  his  expenditure.  He  has  left  a  widov 
now  in  Paris,  and  a  son  eighteen  yeara  of 
age,  who  is  studying  in  Switserland.  Hia 
brother-in-law,  the  Count  of  Poioadoloea^ 
and  his  sister-in-law  Madame  Fries,  tho 
widow  of  a  nobleman  of  wealth,  with  other 
near  relatives,  were  iu  Cuba  at  the  time  of 
his  last  fatal  expedition. 


to  treat  of  peace  with  the  allies.  He 
afterwards  visited  England,  and  on  re- 
turning to  France  retired  upon  half  pay. 
In  1819  he  was  returned  to  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies  by  the  island  of  Corsica,  and 
in  that  character  was  a  staunch  supporter 
of  constitutional  liberty.  After  the  revo- 
lution of  July  he  was  called  to  the  Minis- 
try of  Foreign  Affairs  by  Louis  Philippe,  and 
was  subsequently  ambassador  successively 
at  Naples  and  London.  On  the  3lst  Oct. 
1840,  he  was  created  a  Marshal  of  France. 
A  dangerous  illness,  from  the  consequences 
of  which  he  never  recovered,  compelled 
him  to  retire  prematurely  from  the  re- 
sponsible conduct  of  public  affairs. 

The  terrible  catastrophe  of  his  daugh- 
ter's the  Duchess  de  Praslin's  death,  cast 
a  dark  shade  over  the  latter  years  of  the 
marshars  life.  lie  died  suddenly  whilst 
sitting  at  his  breakfast  table. 

The  funeral  of  the  Marshal  was  solem- 
nized at  the  church  of  the  Invalids ;  and 
was  attended  by  the  President  of  the  Re- 
public, the  Marshals  of  France,  all  the 
principal  Generals,  the  Corps  Diploma- 
tique, and  a  great  number  uf  the  principal 
inhabitants  of  Paris.* 


General  Lopkz. 

In  our  last  Magazine,  p.  -119,  we  have 
related  the  history  of  the  late  invasion  of 
Cuba  by  a  private  expedition  from  New 
Orleans.  We  now  ai)pend  a  brief  bio- 
graphy of  its  leader. 

Narciso  Lopez  was  born  of  wealthy 
parents  in  Venezuela,  iu  1799.  He  was 
the  only  son  of  his  parents  that  grew  to 
manhood,  though  he  had  a  number  of 
sisters.  His  father  had  a  commercial 
house  in  Caraccas,  a  branch  of  which  at 
Valencia,  in  the  interior,  was  placed  under 
the  charge  of  Narciso  at  an  early  age. 
During  the  troubles  of  1814  young  Lopez 
sided  with  the  popular  party,  but  after- 
wards enlisted  in  the  Spanish  army,  when 
fortune  turned  in  its  favour,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  civil  war  he  was  made  a  Colonel 
when  only  23  years  of  age. 

After  the  Spanish  army  evacuated  Ve- 
nezuela, Lopez  went  to  Cuba,  where  he 
remained  and  establislied  himself  in  life, 
soon  making  Irimself  conspicuous  by  his 
advocacy  of  liberal  principles.  During 
the  first  Carlist  troubles  he  chanced  to  be 


*  While  the  ceremony  was  proceeding, 
one  of  the  wax  tapers  placed  round  the 
catafalque  fell  against  the  drapery,  and  in 
a  moment  the  whole  of  the  decorations 
were  in  a  blaze.  Great  fears  were  enter- 
tained for  the  building,  and  more  imme- 
diately for  the  military  trophies  suspended 
in  it ;  but  eventually  only  a  few  of  the 
latter  were  destroyed. 


Thk  Earl  of  Liverpool,  O.CB. 

Oct.  3.  At  Buxted  Park,  Somoz, 
aged  G7,  the  Right  Hon.  Charlee  Cecil 
Cope  Jenkinson,  third  Earl  of  Liveraool 
(1 796),  and  Baron  Hawkesbnry  of  Hawm- 
bury,  00.  Glouc.  (1786),  and  the  serea^ 
Baronet  (1661),  G.C.B.,  a  Privy  Ccmmm 
cillor,  a  Governor  of  the  Charter  HottWy 
Prothonotary  of  the  Conntj  PelatfaM  of 
Lancaster,  and  D.C.L. 

He  was  born  on  the  29th  Bflay,  178i» 
the  younger  son  of  Charlee  firet  Bari  of 
Liverpool,  and  the  only  son  by  hie  eeoond 
wife  Catharine,  widow  of  Sir  Charke  €!opo^ 
Bart,  and  fifth  danghter  of  Sir  Geail 
Bisshopp,  Bart. 

At  the  general  electkm  of  1807  ha  waa 
returned  to  Fu Uament  fbr  Saadwiehi  W 


1851.]         Obituary.— JffarZ  of  Donoughmorey  K,P. 


539 


ing  nominated  through  the  influence  of 
his  brother,  then  Lord  Warden  of  the 
Cinque  Ports.  At  the  election  of  1812  he 
was  chosen  for  Bridgnorth.  In  1818  he 
was  returned  for  East  Grinstead,  and  again 
in  1820  and  1826,  and  he  continued  to 
sit  for  that  borough  until  his  accession  to 
the  peerage.  At  the  opening  of  the  ses- 
sion of  1828  he  moTed  the  address,  and 
took  the  opportunity  to  state  that  his 
Maiesty's  existing  ministry — that  of  the 
Duke  of  Wellington,  possessed  **  the  en- 
tire approval  **  of  his  half-brother  the  late 
premier. 

His  brother  died  on  the  4th  December 
in  the  same  year,  when  he  succeeded  to 
the  honours  of  the  family. 

The  degree  of  D.C.Li.  was  conferred 
upon  him  by  the  university  of  Oxford  on 
the  1 5th  June,  1841. 

On  the  3d  Sept.  1841,  the  Earl  of  Liver- 
pool was  appointed  Lord  Steward  of  Her 
Majesty's  Household,  and  on  that  occa- 
sion was  sworn  of  the  Privy  Council.  He 
retained  that  office  until  July  1846.  He 
was  nominated  a  Knight  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Civil  division  of  the  Order  of  the  Bath, 
Dec.  11,  1845. 

The  Earl  of  Liverpool  married,  on  the 
19th  July,  1810,  Julia-Evelyn-Mary,  only 
daughter  and  heiress  of  Sir  George  Au- 
gustus William  Shuckburgh-Evelyn,  Bart ; 
and  by  that  lady,  who  died  April  8,  1814, 
he  had  issue  three  daughters :  1.  Lady 
Catharine- Julia,  married  in  1837  to  lient.- 
Col.  Francis  Vernon- Harcourt,  Equerry 
to  H.R.H.  the  Duchess  of  Kent,  ninth 
son  of  the  late  Lord  Archbishop  of  York  ; 
2.  the  Right  Hon.  8elina- Charlotte,  Vis- 
countess  dowager  Milton,  married  in  1833 
to  William-Charles  Viscount  Milton,  eldest 
son  of  the  present  Earl  FitzWilliam,  who 
died  in  1835,  leaving  an  only  child  (a 
posthumous  daughter) ;  and,  secondly,  in 
1845,  to  George  Savile  Foljambe,  esq.  of 
Osberton  hall,  Notts ;  and  3.  Lady  Louisa- 
Harriet,  married  in  1839  to  John  Cotes, 
esq.  of  Woodcote,  Salop,  a  grandson  of 
George-Henry  flflh  Earl  of  Stamford  and 
Warrington. 

From  the  failure  of  male  issue  of  the 
first  peer,  the  peerage  has  become  extinct. 
The  baronetcy  has  devolved  on  Charles 
Jenkinson,  esq.  formeriy  M.P.  for  Dover, 
elder  brother  of  the  late  Lord  Bishop  of 
St.  David's.  Sir  Charies  married  in  180S 
Katharine,  sixth  daughter  of  Walter  Camp- 
bell, esq.  of  Shawfteld  (  and,  like  his  cousin 
the  late  Eari,  has  three  daughters,  but  no 
son.  The  next  male  heir  of  the  ftimily  Is 
George  Samuel  Jenkinson,  esq.  elder  son 
of  the  Bishop. 

The  Earl,  though  in  his  68th  year,  had 
in  his  erect  (ignre  and  robust  appearance 
the  air  of  a  much  younger  man.    He  luid 


recently  suffered  from  pleurisy;  but  his 
death  occurred  very  unexpectedly  in  the 
night,  when  he  was  quite  alone,  it  is  sup- 
posed from  disease  of  the  heart. 

The  funeral  of  the  Earl  took  place  at 
Buxted  on  the  10th  October,  attended  by 
Colonel  Harcourt  and  Mr.  Cotes,  hit 
sons-in-law  and  executors,  the  Earl  of 
Verulam,  Sir  Brooke  Boothby,  Bart  and 
other  relatives. 


Earl  of  Donouohmorb,  K.P. 

Sept,  14.  At  Palmerston  House,  Dub- 
lin, in  his  64th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  John 
Hely-Hutchinson,  third  Earl  of  Donough- 
more  and  Viscount  Suirdale  (1800),  vu- 
count  Donoughmore  (1797),  and  Baron 
Donoughmore  of  Knocklofty,  co.  Tippe- 
rary  (1783),  dignities  in  the  peerage  of 
Ireland  ;  Viscount  Hutchinson  of  Knock- 
lofty,  in  the  peerage  of  the  United  King- 
dom (1821);  K.P.;  Lord  Lieutenant  of 
the  county  of  Tipperary,  a  Privy  Coun- 
cillor for  Ireland,  and  Senior  Grand  War- 
den of  the  Freemasons  of  Ireland. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Hon. 
Francis  Hely-Hutchinson,  M.P.  for  the 
University  of  Dublin,  and  collector  of 
customs  in  that  city,  by  Frances-Wilhel- 
mina,  only  daughter  and  heiress  of  Henry 
Nixon,  esq.  of  Bellmont,  co.  Wexford. 

He  entered  the  army  Sept.  28,  1807f 
and  served  in  the  Peninsula  with  the 
Grenadier  guards.  He  received  the  war 
medal  with  one  clasp  for  the  battle  of  Co- 
runna.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Captain 
Nov.  9, 1812 ;  and  was  placed  on  naif- 
pay  May  27,  1819. 

In  the  year  1816,  shortly  after  the  re- 
storation of  the  Bourbons,  he  attained 
considerable  notoriety  in  consequence  of 
assisting,  together  with  the  late  Sir  Robert 
T.  Wilson  and  Mr.  Bruce,  in  the  escape 
of  Count  Lavalette,  who  had  left  his  prison 
disguised  in  the  clothes  of  his  wife,  when 
under  sentence  of  death  as  an  accom- 
plice in  the  second  usurpation  of  Bo- 
naparte. The  count  was  secreted  in  the 
apartments  of  Captain  Hutchinson  from 
half-past  nine  at  night  on  the  7th  of 
January,  until  seven  the  next  mominf ; 
when  he  left  in  the  unifoAn  of  a  Britbh 
officer,  accompanied  by  Sir  Robert  WUaon^ 
and  passed  the  barriers  without  detection* 

On  the  S9th  June,  1832,  Ctptain 
Hutchinson  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on 
the  death  of  his  uncle  John  tiie  second 
Earl,  who  had  been  created  a  peer  of  the 
United  Kingdom,  with  a  specnd  remain- 
der in  his  favour. 

He  was  nominated  a  Knight  of  St» 
Patrick  in  1834 ;  and  appointed  one  of 
the  oommisnoners  of  diantable  donalicNtt 
and  bequeets  in  Ireland  in  1844, 

The  Bert  of  Donooghmore  wu  twice 


540        Viscount  Bolinghroke  and  Si.  John.-^Lard  Stafford.     [Nov. 


married;  first,  on  the  15th  Jane,  1822,  to 
the    Hon.    Margaret   Gardiner,  seventh 
daughter  of  Luke  first  Viscoont  Mount- 
joy,  and  sister  to  the  late  Earl  of  Bles- 
sington  ;  she  died  on  the  13th  Oct.  1825  ; 
and  secondly,  Sept.  5,  1827,  to  Barbara, 
second  daughter  of  Lieut.- Colonel  Wil- 
liam Reynell,  of  Castle  Reynell,  co.  West- 
meath.     By  this  lady,  who  survives  him, 
be   has   left   issue   one    son,  the   Hon. 
John  William  Hely- Hutchinson,  cornet  in 
the  13th  Light  Dragoons,  and  three  daugh- 
ters.  By  his  former  wife  he  has  left  an  only 
aurviying  child,  Richard  John,  now  Earl 
of   Donou^hmore,    born    in    1833,  and 
married,  in  1847,  to  Thomasina-Jocelyn, 
eldest  daughter  and  heir  of  the  late  Walter 
Steele,  esq.     His  lordship  is  Lieut-Colo- 
nel of  the  Tipperary  Militia. 

Vtscount  Bolingbrokb  and  St.  John. 

Oct,  1.  At  the  residence  of  his  daugh- 
ter the  Hon.  Mrs.  Shawe,  near  Elgin,  N.B. 
aged  65,  the  Right  Hon.  Henry  St.  John, 
fourth  Viscount  Bolingbroke,  co.  Lincoln, 
and  Baron  St.  John,  of  Lydiard  Tregose, 
CO.  Wilts  (1712),  fifth  Viscount  St.  John 
and  Baron  St.  John  of  Battersea,  co. 
Surrey  (1716),  and  the  seventh  Baronet,  of 
Lydiard  Tregose  (1611). 

His  Lordship  was  born  in  March,  1 786, 
the  second  but  eldest  surviving  son  of 
George-Richard  the  third  Viscount  Bo- 
lingbroke, by  his  first  wife  Charlotte, 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Collins. 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  on  the 
death  of  his  father,  Dec.  18,  1824.  He 
voted  in  favour  of  the  Reform  Bill,  Oct.  8, 
1831 ;  and  again  on  the  decisive  division  of 
the  14th  April,  1832. 

He  had  for  many  years  spent  a  portion 
of  almost  every  season  in  the  North. 
This  year  he  took  his  accustomed  trip, 
when  he  was  sei2ed  with  illness  in  Suther- 
landshire,  and,  having  been  removed  to  his 
daughter's  residence,  a  few  days  after 
breathed  his  last. 

His  Lordship  married,  on  the  3d  June, 
1812,  Maria,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
Sir  Henry  Paulet  St.  John  Mildmay,  Bart, 
and  by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the 
81st  Dec.  1836,  he  had  issue  four  daugh- 
ters and  two  sons :  1.  the  Hon.  Maria- 
Louisa,  married  in  1839  to  John  Lauris- 
ton  Kneller,  esq. ;  2.  the  Hon.  Anne- 
Jane-Charlotte,  married  in  1838  to  Lau- 
rence Robert  Shawe,  esq.;  3.  the  Hon. 
Isabella,  unmarried ;  4.  the  Hon.  Emily- 
Arabella-Jane,  married  first  in  1840  to 
William  Corbet  Smith,  esq.  of  Bitteswdl 
Hall,  CO.  Leic.  who  died  in  1847,  and  se- 
condly in  1848  to  Francis  Smith,  esq. 
5.  Henry,  now  Viscount  Bolingbroke  and 
St.  John  ;  and  6.  the  Hon.  Spencer  Mild- 
may  St.  John,  late  of  the  Bengal  army,  who 


died  at  Cawnpore  in  1 849,  leaving  iitiie,  by 
Dora,  only  daughter  of  Capt.  J.  Clutter- 
buck,  an  only  surviving  child,  a  daughter. 
The  present  Viscount  was  bom  in  1820, 
and  is  unmarried. 


Lord  Stapfoao. 
Oct.  4.  At  the  residence  of  the  Mar- 
chioness Wellesley,  in  Hampton  Coort 
Palace,  aged  80,  the  Right  Hon«  Sir 
Qeorge  William  Stafford  Jemingham, 
Baron  Stafford  (1640),  and  a  Baronet 
(1621),  F.S.A. 

He  was  born  on  the  27th  of  April  1771 » 
the  eldest  son  of  Sir  William  Jemingham 
the  sixth  Baronet,  by  the  Hon.  Frances 
Dillon,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  eleventh 
Viscount  Dillon. 

He  succeeded  to  the  title  of  Baronet  on 
the  death  of  his  father,  Aug.  14, 1809. 

The  attainder  of  Wimam  Howard, 
Viscount  Stafford,  beheaded  in  1678, 
having  been  reversed  by  act  of  parliament 
in  1824,  Sir  George  Jemingham,  u  the 
son  of  Mary,  daughter  and  sole  heir  of 
Francis  Plowden,  esq.  hj  Mary  Stafford, 
sister  and  eventually  sole  heir  of  John- 
Paul  fourth  and  last  Earl  Staflbrd,  be. 
came  entitled  as  heir-general  to  the  berony 
which  in  1640  was  conferred  jointly  on 
Sir  William  Howard,  K.B.  fafterwards 
the  Viscount  above-named)  and  Bflary  hie 
wife,  sister  and  sole  heir  of  Henry  Lord 
Stafford,  and  representative  of  the  andent 
Barons  and  Earls  Stafford,  some  time 
Dukes  of  Buckingham.  This  dignity  had 
been  merged  in  the  superior  title  of  Vis- 
count, and  in  that  of  Earl  of  Stafford, 
which  was  conferred  on  the  Yisoonnfe 
son  and  heir  immediately  after  the  Revo* 
lution,  and  which  became  extinct  on  the 
death  of  the  fourth  Earl  in  1762. 

Sir  G.  W.  Jemingham  having  presented 
his  claim  to  the  House  of  Peers,  was  de- 
clared on  the  6th  Ju1t>  1825,  to  hsTe 
established  his  right  to  uie  barony  created 
by  letters  patent  bearing  date  12  Sept. 
16  Car.  I.  His  Lordship,  though  also 
heir-genersl  to  the  more  ancient  oaroiiT 
of  Stafford,  created  by  writ  in  S(7  Edw.  I. 
did  not  pursue  his  claim  thereto,  inasmQch 
as  its  descent  was  still  impedbd  by  the 
attainder  passed  on  the  Ust  Dnke  of 
Buckingham  in  the  rdgn  of  Henry  YIII. 
In  1826  he  assumed  the  additional  name 
of  Stafford  before  his  own. 

His  Lordship  supported  the  Wl^g  pertyy 
and  Toted  in  farour  of  the  Reform  WL  on 
the  decisiTc  division  of  the  14th  April 
1832.  He  is  charaeterised  in  the  NorfUk 
Chronicle  as  having  been  "  a  mott  amiable 
and  kind-hearted  man,  an  eioeUent  land- 
lord, and  full  of  benefioenoe  and  charity  to 
the  poor  and  needy." 


1851.]      Obituary*— Zorrf  CaUhorpe^'^Hon.  E.  R.  Stewart.     541 


Lord  Stafford  was  twice  married :  first, 
on  the  26th  Dec.  1799,  to  Frances-Hen- 
rietta, youngest  daughter  and  coheir  of 
Edward  Sulyarde,  esq.  of  Haughley  park, 
Suffolk,  and  Wetherden,  Essex.  This 
lady  died  on  the  14th  Nov.  1832  ;  and  a 
memoir  of  her  ladyship  was  given  in  our 
Magazine  at  that  time,  vol.  cii.  ii.  645.  It 
was  under  her  ladyship's  directions  that  a 
new  mansion  at  Costessey  near  Norwich 
was  rebuilt  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Buckler  in  the 
Elizabethan  style,  but  in  consequence  of 
her  decease  it  has  been  left  incomplete—* 
the  old  house  being  fortunately  still  stand- 
ing. 

His  Lordship  married  secondly,  May  26, 
1836,  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  the  late 
Richard  Caton,  esq.  of  Maryland,  in  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  sister  to  the 
Duchess  of  Leeds  and  the  Marchioness 
Wellesley.    This  lady  survives  him. 

By  his  former  marriage  he  had  issue 
sue  sons  and  six  daughters ;  of  whom  five 
sons  and  two  daughters  are  living.  Their 
names  were  as  follow  :  1.  the  Right  Hon. 
Charlotte  Georgiana  Lady  Lovat,  married 
in  1823  to  Lord  Lovat,  and  has  a  nume- 
rous family ;  2.  Henry-Valentine,  now 
Lord  Stafford ;  3  and  4.  Frances- Sophia 
and  Georgiana,  born  twins  in  1803,  and 
died,  the  former  in  1838,  and  the  latter 
in  1841  ;  5.  the  Hon.  Edward  Jeming- 
ham,  who  married  in  1828  Marianne, 
daughter  of  the  late  John  Smythe,  esq. 
and  cousin  of  Sir  Edward  Joseph  Smythe, 
of  Eske,  CO.  Durham,  Bart,  and  died  in 
1849,  leaving  issue  two  sons  and  two 
daughters  ;  6.  the  Hon.  George  Sulyarde 
Jerningham,  K.C.H.  Secretary  of  Em- 
bassy at  Constantinople;  7.  the  Hon. 
Charles- William  ;  8.  Mary-Alathea,  who 
died  in  1813  ;  9.  the  Hon.  Laura-Maria, 
married  in  1829  to  the  Hon.  Edward 
Robert  Petre,  and  left  his  widow  in  1848; 
10.  the  Hon.  William,  Secretary  of  Lega- 
tion at  Rio  de  Janeiro;  11.  the  Hon. 
Francis-Hugh- Joseph  ;  and  12.  the  Hon. 
Isabella-Maria,  who  died  on  the  Ist  Jan. 
1847,  in  her  32d  year. 

The  present  Lord  Stafford  was  bom  in 
1802  ;  and  married  in  1829  Julia,  second 
daughter  of  the  late  Edward  Charles 
Howard,  esq.  and  cousin  to  the  Duke  of 
Norfolk  ;  but  has  no  issue. 

The  body  of  the  deceased  was  deposited 
in  the  family  vault  at  Costessey  on  the  11th 
of  October. 


the  thurd  son  of  Henry  first  Lord  Cal- 
thorpe,  by  Frances,  second  daughter  of 
General  Benjamin  Carpenter.  When  in 
his  eleventh  year  he  succeeded  to  the  peer- 
age on  the  decease  of  his  elder  brotiier 
Charles  the  second  Lord  Calthorpe,  who 
died  unmarried  March  16, 1798.  He  wai  a 
member  of  St.  John's  ooUege,  Cambridge, 
and  graduated  B.A.  1808. 

Lord  Calthorpe  voted  by  proxy  against 
the  Reform  Bill,  Oct.  8,  1831. 

His  lordship  was  a  bachelor;  and  is 
succeeded  by  his  only  surviving  broUier 
the  Hon.  Frederick  Gongh,  who  was  bom 
in  1790,  and  married  in  1823  Lady  Char- 
lotte Sophia  Somerset,  eldest  sister  of  the 
present  Duke  of  Beaufort ;  by  whom  he 
has  a  numerous  family. 


Lord  Calthoupe. 

Sept,  .  At  Lyons,  in  his  64th  year, 
the  Right  Hon.  George  Gough  Calthorpe, 
third  Baro#  Calthorpe,  of  Calthorpe,  oo. 
Norfolk  (1796),  and  the  fourth  Baronet 
(1728). 

He  was  bora  on  the  22d  Jane,  1787| 


Hon.  Edward  R.  Stbwart. 

Aug.  27.  At  Ryde,  Isle  of  Wight,  in 
his  70th  year,  the  Hon.  Edward  Richard 
Stewart,  formerly  Deputy  Chairman  of  the 
Board  of  Customs;  uncle  to  the  Earl  of 
Galloway. 

He  was  bom  at  Galloway  House,  oo* 
Wigton,  on  the  29th  Oct.  1785  ;  and  was 
the  seventh  son  of  John  seventh  Earl  of 
Galloway,  K.T.  by  his  second  wife,  Anne 
second  dEiughter  of  Sir  James  Da8hwood,of 
Northbrooke  and  Kirtlington  Park,  M.P. 
for  Oxfordshire.  Having  entered  the  army, 
he  was  appointed  a  Lieutenant  in  the  thiM 
regiment  of  foot  guards.  May  16,  1800  ; 
and  Captain  of  a  troop  in  the  7th  dragoon 
guards.  May  5, 1804 ;  which  he  exchanged 
for  a  company  in  the  97th  Foot,  Aug.  SS, 
1807.  He  was  some  time  Major  of  bri* 
gade  on  the  North  British  staff. 

In  1806  he  was  returned  to  parliament 
for  the  Wigton  district  of  bnrghs ;  for 
which  he  was  re-elected  in  1807  ;  and  re* 
signed  his  seat  in  Feb.  1809,  on  being 
appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  for 
victualling  the  navy.  He  subsequently 
became  Deputy  Chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Customs,  whidi  office  he  resigned  in  1846. 

He  married,  at  Edinburgh,  Nov.  19. 
1805,  the  Hon.  Katharine  Charteris,  third 
daughter  of  Francis  Lord  Elcho,  and  sister 
to  the  present  Earlof  Wemyss  and  Mardi; 
and  by  that  lady,  who  survives  him,  he  hae 
left  issue  three  sons  and  three  dangfaten : 
1.  Edward  Stewart,  esq.  who  married  in 
1838  LonisarAnne,  daughter  of  the  late 
Charles  John  Herbert,  esq.  of  MnckroM , 
00.  Kerry,  and  has  issne ;  2.  Snsan-Kathft- 
rine ;  3.  Algernon,  who  married  in  1833 
Charlotte,  dan^ter  of  the  late  Colonel 
John  Allcock  Clement,  R.  Art.  and  hag 
issne ;  4.  Katharine ;  5.  Arthur,  who  mar- 
ried in  1840  Mary,  daughter  of  the  lata 
Rev.  Spenoer  liadtn,  D.D.  and  has  iiiae } 
and  6.  Jane-Fhoioes-Clinton. 


542 


Oen.  Halhet'^Capt  Oreene,^^D.  R.  Itosi^  Esq.       [Nov. 

He  was  one  of  the  ions  of  Ctpt.  Fitt 
Bnrnaby  Greene,  R.N.  who  died  in  1837, 
and  of  whom  a  memoir  will  be  fband  in 
our  vol.  VIII.  p.  89.  He  entered  the 
Roval  Naval  College  Jan.  27,  1810 ;  and 
embarked  May  3,  1813,  as  midshipman  on 
board  the  Ganymede  26,  Capt.  John  B. 
Purvis,  under  whom  he  was  employed 
until  Sept.  1814  on  the  coast  of  SpaiOt 
where  he  frequently  came  into  action  with 
the  enemy,  particularly  in  boat  serrioe. 
He  afterwards  joined  in  successioUi  the 
Bonne  Citoyenne  20,  Astreea  36,  Fariense 
36,  Challenger  16,  Falmouth  20,  Phaeton 
46,  and  Royal  Sovereign  and  Royal  Georfe 
yachts,  all  employed  on  the  home  station, 
except  the  FalmouA  and  Phaeton,  in  which 
he  visited  St.  Helena  and  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope.  He  was  made  lientenant 
Nov.  9,  1818 ;  and  appointed  May  89, 
1821,  to  the  Rose  18,  m  which  he  had  the 
misfortune  to  be  severely  wounded.  On 
the  8th  July,  1823,  he  was  appointed  to 


Sir  Thomas  Pblham  Hates,  Bart. 

Sept,  5.  At  Dieppe,  in  his  57th  year. 
Sir  Thomas  Pelham  Hayes,  the  second 
Baronet  (1797). 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  Sir  John  Mac- 
namara  Hayes,  M.D.  the  first  Baronet, 
who  was  physician  to  the  forces  during  the 
American  war,  by  Anne,  eldest  daughter 
of  the  Hon.  Henry  White,  one  of  his 
Majesty's  Council  of  New  York  ;  and  he 
succeeded  to  the  title  on  the  death  of  his 
father  July  19,  1809. 

He  became  a  writer  on  the  Bengal 
establishment  in  April  1813  ;  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  to  the  collector  of  Behar, 
July  1816  ;  officiating  collector  of  Behar 
May  1818  ;  of  Shahabad  1819  ;  of  Sahun 
1820  ;  assistant  to  the  snit  agent  and  col- 
lector at  Hidgellee  Dec.  1821;  and  re- 
turned home  from  India  in  1823. 

He  married,  June  27,  1840,  Caroline- 
Emma,  widow  of  Lieut.-Colonel  Hill  Dick- 
son, and  daughter  of  Thomas  Stoughton, 
esq.  This  lady  survives  him,  but  without 
issue. 

Sir  Thomas  is  succeeded  in  his  title  by 
his  brother,  the  Rev.  John  Warren  Hayes, 
Rector  of  Arborfield,  Berkshire  ;  who  mar- 
ried in  1844  the  Rccond  daughter  of  G.  E. 
Beauchamp,  esq.  of  the  Priory,  Berks. 

Gkneral  Sir  A.  Halkkt^  K.C.Ii. 

Auff,  24.  At  Edinburgh,  aged7r>,  Ge- 
neral Sir  Alexander  Ilalket,  Knt.  and 
K.C.H. 

He  was  the  fifth  son  of  Sir  John  Wed- 
derbum  Halket,  the  fourth  Baronet,  of 
Pitfirrane,  co.  Fife,  by  his  second  wife 
Mary  daughter  of  the  Hon.  John  Hamil- 
ton ;  and  was  nnclc  of  the  present  Sir 
John  Halket,  Bart.  Commander  R.  N. 
His  elder  brother  Sir  Peter  was  an  Ad- 
miral of  the  Red,  and  a  Grand  Cross  of 
the  Hanoverian  Guelphic  Order. 

Sir  Alexander  served  at  the  capture  of  the 
French  West  India  itslands  in  1791,  and 
at  St.  Domingo  until  1796.  He  became 
Lieut.-Colonel  of  the  93d  Foot  Aug.  25, 
1800.  In  1804  he  was  Aide-de-camp  to 
Sir  Ralph  Abercromby  at  tlie  capture  of 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  On  the  3d  May, 
1610,  he  was  made  Lieut.-Colonel  of  the 
104  th  Foot.  He  attained  the  rank  of  Co- 
lonel in  July  of  the  same  year ;  that  of 
Major-General  1813,  of  Lieut.-Gkneral 
1825,  and  General  1841.  He  received  the 
honour  of  knighthood  in  1837,  and  was 
in  the  receipt  of  a  reward  for  distinguished 
services. 

He  married  a  lady  named  Sprowel. 

Capt.  W.  B.  Greene,  R.N. 
Auff»  20.   At  Wickham,  Hants,  Captain 
William  Bumaby  Greene,  R.N.  an  active 
magistrate  for  that  county. 


the  William  and  Mary  yacht,  iTinr  at 
Dublin  ;  and  Nov.  35,  1833,  to  the  Re* 
venge  76,  bearing  the  flag  on  the  Medl* 
terranean  station  of  Sir  H.  B.  Neale.  He 
was  promoted  Dec.  30,  1836,  to  the 
command  of  the  Medina  20,  which  he 
paid  off  in  1837,  and  ftrom  July  1831  to 
Dec.  1831  he  served  as  second  Captain  of 
the  Kent  78,  again  in  the  Mediteiranean. 
He  was  advanced  to  post  rank  Jane  6| 
1 834 ;  and  had  not  since  been  afloat. 

Captain  Greene  married  AprQ  21^  1829, 
Catharine  eldest  danehter  of  the  late  Sa- 
muel Powell,  esq.  of  Hammerton  hall,  eo. 
York,  and  Brandlcsome  hall,  co.  Lane. 
by  whom  ho  has  left  issue. 


David  R.  Ross,  Eso. 

July  27.  At  Tobago,  in  hit  55th  year, 
his  Excellency  David  Robert  Rois,  eaq. 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  that  island. 

Mr.  Ross  was  formerly  of  Rosstreror 
in  the  county  of  Down,  and  a  magtstFate 
and  deputy  lieutenant  of  that  county,  for 
which  he  served  Sheriff  in  1837 ;  bat,  aa 
with  so  many  Irisli  landlords,  hia  property 
was  latterly  encumbered  beyond  ordinarj 
relief. 

He  was  born  on  the  22d  March,  1797 ; 
and  was  the  elder  son  of  the  Rev.  Tliomas 
Ross,  of  Rosstrevor,  by  Maria  O'Brien, 
daughter  of  Sir  Edward  0*Brini,  of 
Drumoland,  co.  Clare,  Bart.  In  polttlct 
he  was  a  liberal.  He  was  a  candidate  for 
the  town  of  Belfast  at  the  general  dection 
of  1841,  when  the  numbers  at  thecloae  of 
the  poll  were,  for  Mr.  Jamea  Emeraon 
Tennent  (formerly  member  fisom  1832  to 
1837)  927;  for  William  G.  Johnaon,  eaq. 
913  ;  for  the  Earl  of  BeUhat  (one  of  the 
late  members)  821  ;  for  David  R.  RoMt 
esq.  792.  A  petition  was  presented  agafaaat 


1851.]       E.  G.  Barnard,  Esq.  MJ^.-^D.  E.  Dawf,  Esq. 


543 


the  return  of  Mr.  Tennent  and  Mr.  John- 
SOD,  and  their  election  was  declared  void  ; 
whereupon  a  second  election  took  place  in 
August  1842,  and  Mr.  Ross  was  elected 
by  886,  and  Mr.  Tennent  by  859,-'Lord 
Hamilton  Chichester,  the  third  candidate, 
polling  500.  At  the  last  election  in  1847 
Mr.  Rosa  was  not  a  candidate. 

He  was  gazetted  to  the  government  of 
Tobago  on  the  14th  Feb.  1851. 

His  death  was  occasioned  by  his  being 
precipitated,  with  his  horse  and  gig,  from 
the  side  of  the  road  into  a  ravine  about 
thirty  feet  deep,  whilst  returning  with  his 
servant  from  a  public  ball,  given  at  the 
Court-house  on  Friday  the  27th  July  in 
honour  of  the  Queen's  coronation.  His 
Excellency  was  precipitated  to  the  bottom, 
without  any  intervening  obstacle  to  break 
his  fall,  and  fell  on  one  of  the  large  stones 
at  the  bottom  of  the  precipice,  where  he 
rec^ved  such  an  injury  in  his  head  as  to 
cause  instantaneous  death.  The  horse, 
gig,  and  servant  escaped  uninjured. 

Mr.  Ross  married,  Oct.  91,  1819, 
Harriet-Anne,  second  daughter  of  tko 
Right  Rev.  Edmund  Knox,  Lord  Biahop 
of  Limerick ;  and  had  issue  five  sons  and 
two  daughters.  His  eldest  son  Thomas 
is  in  the  navy. 


ham.      It  is  now   again  advertised  for 
sale. 


Edward  Georoe  Barnard,  Eso.  M.P. 

June  14.  At  Gosfield  hall,  Essex,  aged 
73,  Edward  George  Barnard,  esq.  M.P. 
for  Greenwich. 

Mr.  Barnard  was  a  shipbuilder  at  Dept- 
ford.  On  his  first  election  for  the  bo- 
rough of  Greenwich  in  1832,  he  dedared 
himself  in  favour  of  the  immediate  aboli- 
tion of  slavery,  of  triennial  parliaments, 
of  a  repeal  of  the  assessed  taxes  and  the 
^'  taxes  on  knowledge,*'  and,  if  it  should 
be  necessary,  of  tlie  vote  by  ballot.  He 
was  returned  after  a  poll  which  terminated 
as  follows : — 

Capt.  James  Whitley  Deans  Dundas  1 ,631 
Edward  George  Barnard,  esq.  .  1,444 
John  Angerstein,  esq 1 ,024 

In  1835  he  was  successful  in  a  second 
contest : 

John  Angerstein,  esq.  .  1,830 
E.  G.  Barnard,  esq.  .  1,102 
M.  W.  Attwood,  esq.    .     1,063 

In  1841  he  was  re-elected  without  a 
contest ;  but  in  1847  he  encountered  suc- 
cessfully the  opposition  of  Mr.  Alderman 
Salomons  (who  has  since  been  elected  his 
successor),  the  poll  terminating,  for — 

Adm.  J.  W.  Deans  Dundas  .  2,409 
E.  G.  Barnard,  esq.  .  .  .  1,511 
David  Salomons,  esq. .     .     •     1 ,236 

Gosfield  hall  was  purchased  by  Mr. 
Barnard  from  the  Marquess  of  Backing* 


David  Eltsha  Davy,  Esq. 

Aug,  15.  At  Ufford,  near  Woodbridg«, 
Suffolk,  aged  82,  David  Elisha  Davy,  Mq. 
a  gentleman  well  known  for  his  lavgt 
topographical  and  genealogical  collectioiis 
for  the  history  of  the  county. 

Mr.  Davy's  father,  who  was  a  fanner  at 
Rumburgh  in  Suffolk,  died  in  1799,  aged 
90.  His  fether's  younger  brother,  Eleasar 
Davy,  esq.  of  Yoxford,  was  Sheriff  of  Suf- 
folk in  1770;  and  acquired  oonaiderabto 
local  importance  in  consequence  of  the 
marriage  in  Jan.  1788  of  his  step-daughter 
Frances  Juliana  Warter  Wilson,  the  only 
daughter  and  heir  of  Edward  Warter 
Wilson,  esq.  of  BUboa,  co.  Limerick,  to 
Sir  John  Rous,  afterwards  Earl  of  Strad- 
broke.  This  lady's  mother  was  the  Hoa. 
Franoes-Anne  Evans,  daughter  of  George 
second  Lord  Carbery :  who  became  the 
second  wife  of  Mr.  Eleazar  Davy,  then  of 
Ubbeston,  and  died  in  July  1802.  Mr. 
Davy  himself  deceased  in  the  following 
January,  leaving  The  Grove  at  Yoxford 
and  other  considerable  estates  to  the  inb- 
ject  of  this  memoir. 

Mr.  D.  E.  Davy  was  educated  at  Yox- 
ford under  Dr.  Forster,  who  affcerwardi 
succeeded  Dr.  Samuel  Parr  in  the  gram- 
mar school  of  Norfolk.  He  becaae  a 
member  of  Pembroke  hall,  Cambridge,  and 
took  his  degree  of  B.A.  aa  sixth  Senior 
Optimein  the  year  1790.  After  succeed- 
ing to  his  uncle's  property  he  resided  at 
the  Grove,  Yoxford,  where  he  officiated 
for  many  years  as  an  active  and  nseftd 
magistrate,  and  also  as  a  Receiver  General 
for  the  county,  which  appointment  he  hod 
obtained  before  the  death  of  his  unde^ 
chiefly  through  the  interest  of  Lord  Rooiw 
From  that  position  he  was  obliged  to  no* 
tire  in  consequence  of  unforeseen  diffiovU 
ties  arising  from  the  purchase  of  lasd 
daring  the  war,  and  its  depreciation  after 
the  peace.  His  estates  were  taken  into 
possession  by  Messrs.  Gurney  the  bankers, 
in  security  for  advances  made  by  them } 
which  having  been  satisfied,  poasessioB 
was  restored  to  Mr.  Davy  two  or  thrae 
years  since.  After  quitting  Yoxford  1m 
resided  constantly  at  Ufford,  where  ht 
devoted  himself  almost  exclusively  to  Idf 
genealogical  and  antiquarian  studiest 

It  is  now  little  less  than  fifty  yean  ago 
that  he  commenced  his  collectiona  for  lit 
history  of  Suffolk,  which  he  pursued  in 
conjunction  with  his  intimate  fnend  and 
neighbour  Mr.  Henry  Jermyn  of  Sihtcmi 
baiTister^at>law,  with  whom  he  had  beoA 
a  school-follow,  if  not  a  feUow-coUM^aa* 
Each  party  retained  a  doplicate  of  tht 
other's  work,  down  to  the  year  IMO^ 


544 


Obituary.— JbAn  Kidd^  M.D.  FJt.S, 


[Nov. 


when  Mr.  Henry  Jermyn  died ;  and  ten 
years  after  his  Suffolk  MSS.  were,  by  the 
generosity  and  patriotism  of  Mr.  Hudson 
Gurney,  placed  in  the  British  Museum. 
Mr.  Davy  continued  to  add  to  his  own 
collections  up  to  the  period  of  his  death ; 
but  he  had  for  many  years  relinquished  all 
idea  of  publication. 

Mr.  Davy  was  one  of  the  most  constant 
correspondents  of  Mr.  Urban  on  matters 
of  genealogy  and  family  history ;  and  his 
usual  signature  of  D.  A.  Y.  the  closing 
letters  of  his  name,  will  be  familiar  to  the 
early  recollections  of  some  of  our  oldest 
as  well  as  our  more  recent  readers. 

To  the  Topographer  and  Grenealog^st, 
commenced  in  1843,  Mr.  Davy  communi- 
cated a  series  of  notices  of  sepulchral 
monuments,  existing  in  the  parish  churches 
of  Suffolk.  In  this  series  he  proceeded 
through  the  hundreds  of  Babergh,  Black- 
bourn,  Blything,  Bosmere  and  Claydon, 
Carlford,  Colnies,  Cosford,  Hartismere, 
Hoxne,  the  town  of  Ipswich,  and  the 
hundreds  of  Lackford  and  Loes. 

Though  he  had  not  distinctly  appeared 
as  an  author,  his  extensive  collections  will 
perpetuate  his  name  to  future  generations; 
and,  moreover,  from  the  extreme  neatness 
of  his  manuscripts,  and  the  completeness 
of  their  arrangement,  they  will  offer  no 
such  obstacles  as  in  some  cases  alarm  and 
repel  the  inquirer. 

Those  who  knew  Mr.  Davy  himself 
either  personally  or  by  correspondence 
will  ever  regard  his  memory  with  respect. 
No  one  could  take  more  pains  or  receive 
greater  pleasure  in  imparting  his  know- 
ledge to  others :  and  we  shall  ourselves, 
in  this  Obituary,  with  regard  to  the  fa- 
milies of  Suffolk,  have  much  reason  to 
regret  his  loss.  Nor  were  his  acquire- 
ments wholly  confined  to  the  dry  stems  of 
genealogy.  He  was  a  scholar  and  a  gentle- 
man, well  acquainted  with  books  and 
subjects  of  general  literature,  and  always  a 
favourite  with  those  who  enjoyed  the 
pleasure  of  his  acquaintance. 

He  had  never  married ;  nor  has  he  left 
a  will.  His  estates  have  devolved  on  his 
only  sister,  the  widow  of  the  late  Rev. 
William  Barlce,  Rector  of  Wrentham  in 
Suffolk,  and  after  her  death  the  greater 
portion  of  them  will  pass,  in  accordance 
with  the  provisions  of  the  will  of  Eleazar 
Davy,  esq.  to  Francis,  eldest  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Francis  Leggett,  Rector  of  Bed- 
field  and  Vicar  of  Sibton. 


John  Kidd,  M.D.  F.R.S. 
Sept.  17.  At  his  residence,  St.  Giles's, 
Oxford,  aged  76,  John  Kidd,  M.D.  Fellow 
of  the  College  of  Physicians,  Regius  Pro- 
fessor of  Medicine  in  the  university  of 
Oxford,  Master  of  Ewelme  Hospital,  Li* 
12 


brarian  of  the  Raddifre  Library,  and  Ho- 
norary Physician  to  the  Radcliffe  Infir- 
mary, F.R.S.  and  F.6.S. 

He  was  bom  in  the  parish  of  St.  James 
in  the  city  of  Westminster,  where  hii 
father  resided,  educated  at  St.  Peter's 
college,  Westminster,  from  whence  at  the 
age  of  17  he  was  elected  Stadent  of  Christ 
Church  in  May  1793.  He  graduated 
B.A.  May  4,  1797,  and  M.A.  Jan.  14, 
1800.  On  the  23d  April,  1801,  he  took 
the  degree  of  bachelor  of  medicine ;  in 
1803  he  was  appointed  Professor  of  Che- 
mistry; and  on  the  20th  Jan.  1804,  he 
proceeded  to  the  degree  of  doctor  of 
medicine.  In  1808  he  was  unanimously 
elected  physician  to  the  Radcliffe  Infir- 
mary, in  the  room  of  Sir  Christopher 
Pegge,  who  had  resigned ;  and  in  1822  be 
suc^eded  that  gentleman  in  the  office  of 
Regius  Professor  of  Medicine,  to  whidi  ii 
annexed  Tomline's  prselectorriiip  of  ana- 
tomy and  the  Aldrichian  professorship  of 
anatomy.  In  1826  he  resign^  the  office 
of  physician  to  the  infirmary,  and  was  ap- 
pointed honorary  physician  to  that  insti- 
tution ;  and  in  1834  he  succeeded  Dr. 
Williams  as  librarian  to  the  Radcliife  Li- 
brary. 

His  publications  were, — 

The  Outlines  of  Mineralogy.  1809. 
2  vols.  8vo. 

A  Geological  Blssay  on  the  imperfiBct 
evidence  in  support  of  a  theory  of  the 
Earth  deducible  either  from  its  general 
structure,  or  from  the  changes  produced 
on  its  surface  by  the  operation  of  existing 
causes.     1815.  8vo. 

An  introductory  Lecture  to  a  conree 
on  Comparative  Anatomy,  iUustrative  of 
Paley's  Natural  Theology.     1824.  8to. 

On  the  adaptation  of  External  Nature 
to  the  Physical  Condition  of  Man.  1833. 
8vo.  Being  one  of  the  Bridgewater  Trea- 
tises, and  perhaps  one  of  the  most  popular 
of  the  series. 

Observations  on  Medical  Reform.  1841 . 

Further  Observations  on  Medical  Re- 
form.    1842. 

Besides  several  papers  in  the  Philoao- 
phical  Transactions,  the  Transactions  of 
the  Geological  Society,  Nicholson's  Jour- 
nal, the  Philosophical  Magastne,  &c. 

By  the  death  of  Dr.  Kidd  the  unWersity 
of  Oxford  has  lost  one  of  the  most  active 
of  its  men  of  science.  Dr.  Kidd  did  good 
service  in  his  time,  as  his  writings  in  va- 
rious departments  of  mineralogies],  che- 
mical, and  geological  research,  abundantly 
testify.  He  was  most  highly  esteemed  as 
a  Christian  and  a  gentleman. 

Although  for  several  yean  Dr.  Kidd 
had  declined  to  enter  into  general  society, 
he  will  be  much  regretted  by  those  with 
whom  he  still  kept  up  a  social  intercooMi 


1851.] 


Obituary. — Professor  Oken. 


545 


for,  although  hasty  in  his  temper  aud  con- 
sequently sometimes  apparently  fickle  in 
his  partialities  and  dislikes,  he  was  warm- 
hearted and  benevolent,  highly  honourable 
in  his  principles,  a  zealous  friend,  and  an 
agreeable  and  instructive  companion.  He 
was  moreover  at  all  times  sincere  and 
straightforward. 


PRorESsoR  Okjsn. 

Aug.  ...  At  Zurich,  aged  73,  Dr. 
Lorenz  Oken,  Professor  of  Natural  His- 
tory in  the  university  of  that  city. 

Oken  was  originally  intended  for  the 
medical  profession ;  and  commenced  his 
studies  at  the  time  when  the  philosophical 
views  which  were  first  broached  by  Schel- 
ling  were  attracting  universal  attention  in 
Germany.  As  early  as  1802  he  published 
a  pamphlet,  entitled  '*  Outlines  of  a  Na- 
tural Philosophy,''  in  which  he  proposed 
a  new  classification  of  the  Animal  King- 
dom— the  leading  feature  of  which  was, 
that  each  class  is  virtually  a  representative 
of  an  organ  of  the  senses.  Although  the 
details  of  this  system  are  not  adopted  at 
the  present  day  by  naturalists,  yet  in  the 
critical  arrangement  of  the  classes  of  ver- 
tebrate animals  its  distinguishing  charac- 
ters are  found  more  useful  than  those  of 
any  other  system.  The  date  of  this  work 
shows  how  early  the  mind  of  Oken  had 
seized  on  the  ideas  of  repetition  and  re- 
semblance which  lie  at  the  foundation  of 
all  modern  systems  of  morphology.  He 
subsequently  published  a  systematic  ar- 
rangement of  the  Vegetable  Kingdom ; 
which,  although  too  speculative  to  be  ge- 
nerally adopted,  contains  views  that  are 
now  widely  admitted  in  the  natural 
system. 

In  1805  Oken  published  a  work  on  ge- 
neration ;  in  which,  though  mixed  up  with 
a  good  deal  that  was  hypothetical,  he  first 
propounded  the  doctrine  which  now  lies 
at  the  foundation  of  all  modem  physiology 
— that  all  parts  of  an  animal  or  plant 
must  originate  in  cells  or  vesicles.  Of 
course,  the  mode  of  propagation  and  va- 
rieties of  these  cells  were  yet  to  be  disco- 
vered. Subsequently,  he  published  several 
valuable  observations  on  the  developement 
of  the  embryo  in  the  higher  animals,  in 
which  we  discover  the  germs  of  those 
truths  which  have  since  been  established 
by  further  experiments  and  investiga- 
tion. 

But  the  work  which  has  most  largely 
contributed  to  the  reputation  of  Oken, 
and  which  has  been  most  fruitful  in  prac- 
tical results,  is  his  **  Essay  on  the  Signi- 
fication (Bedeuiung)  or  Nature  of  the 
Bones  of  the  Skull.''  In  this  work  he 
showed  that  the  complicated  bones  of  the 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


skull  are  only  so  many  modified  vertebne. 
This  view — subsequently  taken  up  bj 
GeofTroy  Saint-Hilaire,  and  condemned  bj 
Cuvier — has  at  last,  through  the  labours  of 
Prof.  Owen,  become  the  key  to  the  ex- 
planation of  a  thousand  facts  in  the  struc- 
ture of  the  skeletons  of  animals,  and  has 
opened  the  path  in  which  for  iJie  future 
all  discoverers  in  natural  history  must 
tread.  The  laws  which  regulate  the  form 
of  plants  and  animals  are  the  highest 
which  natural  history  as  a  science  con- 
templates, and  science  is  indebted  to  Oken 
for  first  pointing  out  the  way  in  which 
these  laws  must  be  studied. 

In  1810  Oken  published  his  **  Physio- 
Philosophy,"  his  greatest'work,  which  has 
been  translated  by  Mr.  Tulk  for  the  Raj 
Society.  It  is  a  book  which  if  a  man's 
reputation  rested  on  the  report  of  dllet« 
tante  philosophers  Oken  would  have  done 
better  not  to  write;  but  as  the  outpouring 
of  a  gigantic  mind  on  every  possibuB  ques- 
tion that  could  be  put  before  it  in  a  sci- 
entific form,  it  will  ever  be  recognised  as 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  worlu  that  a 
particular  school  of  philosophy  has  pro- 
duced. Theories  which  look  so  strange 
and  wild  to  some  in  the  Physio-Philosophj 
of  Oken,  become  keystones  to  the  inter- 
pretation of  the  phenomena  of  animal 
and  vegetable  growth  in  the  works  of 
such  practical  physiologists  as  Owen  and 
Schleiden. 

Oken  has  published  numerous  other 
works :  on  Mineralogy,  Zoology,  and 
Botany  ;  besides  a  large  series  of  papers 
in  the  **  Isis,'*  a  natural  history  joumaly 
which  he  edited  with  great  ability  for 
many  years. 

His  life,  like  that  of  most  philosophers, 
presented  few  incidents.  Early  in  it  ha 
obtained  the  appointment  of  Professor  of 
Natural  History  at  Jena,  and  subsequently 
occupied  the  same  position  at  Munidk 
Here  he  rendered  himself  obnoxious  to 
the  government  by  his  liberal  political 
opinions ;  and  during  the  latter  years  of 
his  life  he  was  Professor  of  Natural  His- 
tory in  the  University  of  Zurich.  Lat- 
terly he  did  little  more  than  edit  the 
'*  Isis."  He,  however,  took  a  vrann  in- 
terest in  the  progress  of  natural  history  { 
and  while  he  was  regarded  as  a  mystic  and 
a  dreamer  by  the  collectors  of  facts  in 
natural  science,  he  allowed  none  of  their 
labours  to  escape  his  vigilant  cje,  or  to  be 
disregarded  in  presence  of  his  faTonrite 
system  of  philosophy.  He  was  the  first 
to  propose,  in  1822,  those  yearly  meetings 
of  naturalists  which  were  the  parents  of 
our  British  Association  for  the  Advanee- 
ment  of  Science,  and  our  Archieolcjdcsl 
and   Agricultural   Associations. — Aik€m 


4A 


o4(> 


Obituary-— /amw  Fenimore  Coopei*i  Eaq. 


[Nov. 


James  Fenimore  Cooper,  Esq. 

Sept.  14.  At  Cooperstown,  New  York, 
aged  G2,  James  Fenimore  Cooper,  esq.  the 
American  novelist. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  born  at  Burlington, 
New  Jersey,  on  the  15th  Sept.  1789.  His 
father  was  the  late  Judge  William  Cooper, 
a  dcscendunt  of  an  English  ancestor  of 
the  same  name,  who  settled  at  Burlington 
in  1G79.  The  branch  of  the  family  to 
which  the  novelist  belongs  removed  more 
than  a  century  since  into  Pennsylvania ; 
in  that  State  his  father  was  bom,  but  in 
early  life  established  himself  at  the  home 
of  his  ancestors.  In  1785  he  removed  to 
a  settlement  then  commenced  on  Otsego 
Lake,  in  the  state  of  New  York,  to  which 
the  name  of  Cooperstown,  in  honour  of 
him,  was  afterwards  given.  An  interesting 
description  of  this  early  settlement,  and 
the  character  of  his  father,  the  founder  of 
the  village,  are  given  in  Mr.  Cooper*8 
novel  of  the  *'  Pioneers,''  one  of  his  most 
popular  works.  Judge  Cooper  passed  his 
time  alternately  at  Cooperstown  and  Bur- 
lington from  1785  to  1790,  in  which  latter 
year  he  removed  his  family,  including  his 
infant  son,  to  the  new  settlement,  where 
he  had  erected  the  mansion  in  which  both 
father  and  son  successively  resided,  and 
where  both  passed  their  last  hours  on 
earth. 

Judge  Cooper  took  an  active  part  in 
politics,  and  was  twice  elected  a  member 
of  Congress,  in  1795  and  1799.  His  son 
was  early  placed  at  school  in  Burlington, 
and  was  partially  fitted  for  college  at 
Albany,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Ellison,  an 
Episcopal  clergyman.  He  completed  his 
studies  at  Newhaven,  where  he  entered 
Yale  college  in  1802.  At  this  early  age, 
scarcely  turned  of  thirteen,  he  was  Ul- 
qualified  for  the  attainment  of  academic 
distinction  ;  still  he  held  a  respectable 
place  in  his  class,  and  in  the  department 
of  ancient  languages  is  said  to  have  out- 
stripped every  competitor.  It  is  certain, 
however,  that  he  had  not  yet  manifested 
a  vocation  for  a  literary  life.  A  love  of 
adventure  led  him,  among  other  causes, 
to  solicit  admission  into  the  American 
navy,  at  that  time  in  its  infancy,  and  in 
1 805  he  entered  the  service  as  a  midship- 
man. He  remained  in  the  navy  for  six 
years.  The  influence  of  this  period  of  his 
life  is  indelibly  stamped  upon  his  sub- 
sequent productions.  It  enabled  him  to 
describe  the  minutiae  of  nautical  aifairs 
with  that  breadth  and  boldness  of  touch 
which  could  be  commanded  by  no  writer 
who  had  not  himself  been  rocked  on  the 
giddy  mast,  and  to  whom  the  taste  of  salt 
water  was  not  more  familiar  than  the 
fountains  of  Helicon.  With  the  vivid  im- 
pressions of  experience,  obtained  in  the 


fresh  and  wondering  age  of  boyhood,  with 
a  creative  imagination  singalarlj  aliTO  to 
the  impulses  of  external  natare,  and  with 
a  freedom  and  energy  of  delineation  which 
is  imparted  only  bj  the  poMcirion  of 
actual  knowledge,  he  had  a  store  of  ma- 
terials for  the  prodnction  of  "  tales  of  the 
sea,"  which,  had  he  written  in  no  other 
department  of  fictioD,  would  have  decided 
his  reputation  as  a  consummate  master. 

In  Jan.  1811,  he  married  Miss  De 
Lancey,  a  sister  of  Bishop  De  Lanoey,  of 
the  Western  Diocese  of  New  York,  and 
of  one  of  the  oldest  and  moat  conipicooiit 
families  of  that  State.  After  his  marriage 
Mr.  Cooper  resided  for  some  time  near 
White  Plains,  Westchester  county,  hut  at 
a  subsequent  period  removed  to  Coopers- 
town,  the  former  residence  of  his  parente. 

In  1821  Mr.  Cooper  commeiieed  his 
career  as  an  author,  in  his  first  norelf 
called  **  Precaution.' '  It  was  issued  anony- 
mously ;  but  Mr.  Cooper  was  soon  known 
as  the  author,  and  the  discovery  assisted 
the  sale  of  a  work  which,  being  simply  n 
tale  of  domestic  life  in  England,  olthongh 
finely  drawn,  was  not  peculiarly  colea- 
lated  to  attract  attention.  In  this  country 
it  paiised  for  an  English  novel. 

The  foundation  of  Cooperli  fame  as  n 
novelist  was  permanently  laid  In  "  Tho 
Spy,  a  Tale  of  the  Nentral  Qronnd,*'  which 
soon  followed  "  Precaution,"  and  immo* 
diately  became  extremely  popular,  hoth  in 
his  own  country  and  in  Europe,  where  it 
was  republished  in  English,  Freuehy  end 
other  languages.  It  is,  doubtless,  one  of 
the  most  powerful  historical  talcs  eter 
written,  and  is  regarded,  by  many,  as  tha 
best  work  of  its  author.  The  chormlnf 
novel  of  '*  The  Pioneers,  or  the  Sources  of 
the  Susquehanna,"  followed  "The  Spy,** 
and  was  eminently  succeufiil.  It  is  the 
first  of  "The  Leatherstocking  Tales," 
so  called,  the  others  being  "This  Last  of 
the  Mohicans,"  "The  Prairie,"  "1^ 
Pathfinder,"  and  "  The  Deenla^fer," 
which  followed ;  but  not  in  regular  sn^ 
cession — some  of  his  other  woriu  iafear- 
vpning. 

The  novel  of  "  The  PUot,'*  was  te 
first  of  Mr.  Cooper^s  tales  of  the  oceaD» 
which  added  much  to  hispopukrity.  1>a 
this  class  belong  also  **  llie  Red-Rofer," 
"  The  Water-Witch,"  "  The  Sea-Uona," 
"  The  Two  Admirals,"  and  some  otiianu 

The  following  is,  we  believe,  a  aoaa- 
pleto  list  of  the  various  romances  waA 
novels  of  which  Mr.  Cooper  wss  the  ac- 
knowledged author :— Precaution,  TIm 
Spy,  The  Pioneers,  The  Pilot,  UomI  Ub- 
coln,  Last  of  the  Mohicans,  The  Ptahrla, 
The  Red.  Rover,  The  Wept  of  m^sl^lMi- 
Wish,  The  Water-Witoh,  The  Bravo, 
Hcidenmaacr,  The  Headsmsn  of 


1851.]  Obituary.— ^amtff  Penimore  Cooper^  Esq. 


547 


The  Monikins,  Homeward  Bound,  Home 
as  Found,  The  Pathfinder,  Mercedes  of 
Castile,  The  Deerslayer,  The  Two  Ad- 
mirals, Wing-and- Wing,  Wyandotte,  Auto- 
biography of  a  Pocket  Ilandkcrchief,  Ned 
Myers  (a  genuine  biography).  Ashore  and 
Afloat,  Miles  Wallingford,  Satanstoe,  a 
tale  of  the  Colony,  The  Chainbearer,  The 
Red  Skins,  The  Crater,  or  Vulcan's  Peak, 
Oak  Openings,  or  the  Bee-Hunter,  Jack 
Tier,  or  the  Florida  Reef,  the  Sea  Lions, 
or  the  Lost  Sealers,  The  Ways  of  the 
Hour  (published  in  1850).  Total— 34. 
Most  of  these  works  were  issued  in  two 
volumes  each.  Though  very  unequal  in 
point  of  .talent  and  interest,  they  have, 
with  few  exceptions,  been  well  received  by 
the  public,  and  have  proved  a  source  ot 
great  profit  to  the  author. 

Mr.  Cooper  was  also  the  author  of  a 
History  of  tiie  United  States  Navy,  in  two 
volumes;  '*  Notions  of  the  Americans,  by 
a  Travelling  Bachelor  \**  **  Gleanings  in 
Europe,"  in  six  volumes;  "  Sketches  of 
Switzerland,"  four  vols. ;  a  small  political 
work,  called  **  The  American  Democrat," 
and  **  A  Letter  to  his  Countrymen." 

About  the  year  1827,  Mr.  Cooper  visited 
Europe,  where  his  fame  had  then  been 
already  established.  He  was  welcomed 
into  the  most  refined  literary  and  aristo- 
cratic circles,  but  always  sustained  the 
character  of  an  American  by  placing  be- 
fore the  European  public  the  truth  with 
regard  to  his  native  countrv,  in  his  con- 
versation, and  by  bis  contributions  to  the 
press,  when  required  to  defend  the  insti- 
tutions and  character  of  the  United  States 
from  attacks  and  misrepresentations. 
Among  others  whose  friendship  he  en- 
joyed was  General  Lafayette.  At  Farit  he 
met  the  Author  of  Waverley,  as  is  related 
bv  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  diary.  He  was 
absent  about  ten  years,  and  on  hia  return 
his  popularity  was  checked  by  the  attacks 
of  the  press  on  some  of  his  works  which 
were  supposed  to  show  an  aristocratic 
tendency.  He  also  had  a  controversy  with 
the  Hon.  Tristram  Barges,  of  Rhode  Is- 
land, and  the  late  Colonel  Stone,  editor  of 
the  New  York  Daily  Advwtitery  respect- 
ing his  (Cooper's)  narrative  of  the  Battle 
of  Lake  Erie.  Mr.  Cooper  then  com- 
menced a  plan  of  suing  editors  of  news- 
papers for  damages.  Colonel  Stone's  case 
was  submitted  to  arbitration,  and  250  dol- 
lars were  awarded  to  Mr.  Cooper.  He 
was  successful,  likewise,  in  suits  for  da- 
mages against  Colonel  Webb,  of  the  Cbn* 
rier :  Thurlow  Weed,  of  the  Albany 
Evening  Journal;  and  Greeley  and  M'El- 
rath,  of  the  Tribune,  In  these  cases  Mr. 
Cooper  was  materially  aided  by  the  ooune 
the  court  uniformly  pursued  in  his  favouTi 


and  against  the  editors.  It  doubtless, 
however,  operated  against  his  pecuniary 
interest. 

Mr.  Cooper,  in  his  politics,  professed 
democratic  notions  ;  but  his  personal  po- 
pularity as  a  politician  was  not  extensive, 
however  he  may  have  been  admired  or  es- 
teemed among  his  own  immediate  circle 
of  friends.  In  religion  he  was  a  zealous 
Episcopalian,  and  often  represented  the 
church  of  his  village  in  the  stated  conven- 
tions of  that  denomination.  One  of  his 
daughters  has  appeared  as  an  authoress, 
particularly  of  a  popular  work  called 
"  Rural  Hours." 

The  following  estimate  of  Mr.  Cooper's 
literary  character  is  from  The  New  York 
Literary  World. 

*'  Deficient  in  humour  and  grace,  the 
writings  of  the  author  of  'The  Spy' 
rarely  want  for  good  sense,  substance,  and 
adventure.  In  character  he  is  happiest 
in  the  type  nearest  to  his  own :  a  bold, 
persevering,  self-relying  man,  who  strikes 
out  a  path  for  himself,  can  follow  it  alone, 
and  will  pursue  it  to  the  end  whether  the 
multitude  full  in  or  not.  He  relies  on  a 
frdthfixl  statement  of  all  that  relates  to  his 
story,  delivered  in  as  if  under  a  sworn, 
obligation — to  tell  the  truth,  the  whole 
truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth.  There 
is  no  play  of  finicy,  no  riot  of  ftm  in 
his  works.  All  is  downright,  earnest  de- 
scription and  steady  appucation  to  the 
business  in  hand.  Mr.  Cooper  is  the 
least  of  a  bellee  lettree  penman  ot  any 
of  our  elder  writers :  he  is  a  practical 
author :  there  is  something  in  hu  worka 
always  to  be  done,  and  he  sets  about  it  as 
if  he  meant  to  do  it.  The  result  is,  that, 
not  employing  the  canvass  allowed  by  the 
large  culture  of  the  scholar  and  the  artist 
— his  romances  are  of  necessity  limited  in 
their  range  and  monotonous  in  tone.  Of 
the  tiiirty-four  or  thirty-five  romances, 
the  spirit,  the  heart,  and  motive  of  all  are 
essentially  the  same :  there  are  no  radically 
new  characters :  the  only  difference  of  one 
from  the  other  is,  that  similar  events  in 
the  one  case  occur  on  land,  in  the  other 
on  water.  He  has  shown  excellent  insthict 
and  sense  in  the  selection  of  subjects, 
adopting  an  elementary  trait  or  pursuit  as 
the  bsds  of  his  fictions;  for  instance, 
•  The  Spy,'  '  The  Pioneer,'  *  The  Pilot,* 
&c.  Although  no  one  work  of  Mr. 
Cooper*s  can  be  put  forward  as  an  artistio 
whole,  there  are  scenes  evidently  struck 
off  at  a  heat,  in  the  happy  moment  of  in- 
spiration, perfect  of  their  kind,  and  whicli  . 
once  encountered  must  remain  for  ever  in 
the  memory  *  a  heirloom  of  tlie  happy 
hour.'  Among  these  we  point  confidently 
to  the  wrecking  of  the  Ariel  in  'Tlie 


548 


Obituary. — Mrs.  Sheimoood. — Dr.  Patrick  Neill.      [Nov. 


Pilot/  where  every  word,  tone,  and  look 
is  in  its  place  ;  the  flight  of  Wharton  and 
the  hanging  of  the  Cowboy,  in  *  The 
Spy,'  "  &c,  &c. 


Mrs.  Sherwood. 

Sept.  St%  At  Twickenham,  in  her  77th 
year,  Mary-Martha,  widow  of  Capt.  Henry 
Sherwood. 

This  old  and  valued  writer,  whose  tales 
have  long  been  favourites  with  youthful 
readers,  was  the  daughter  of  Dr.  George 
Butt,  Chaplain  to  George  III.,  Vicar  of 
Kidderminster,  and  Rector  of  Stanford,  co. 
Worcester,  the  representative  of  the  family 
of  Sir  William  Butt,  Physician  to  Henry 
VIII.  She  was  born  at  Stanford  on  the 
Gth  of  May,  1775.  In  1803  she  married 
her  cousin  Henry  Sherwood,  of  the  53rd 
Foot,  and  accompanied  her  husband  to 
India  the  same  year;  where,  in  conse- 
quence of  her  zealous  labours  in  the  cause 
of  religion  amongst  the  soldiers  and  natives 
dwelling  around  her,  Henry  Martyn  and 
Dr.  Corrie,  the  late  Bishop  of  Madras, 
became  acquainted  with  her,  and  the  inti- 
macy which  then  commenced  remained 
unbroken  until  death. 

Her  principal  works  were,— -that  ex- 
ceedingly favourite  tale  of  "Henry  and 
his  Bearer,"  *'  The  Lady  of  the  Manor,*' 
"  The  Church  Catechism,"  **  The  Nun,'' 
"  The  Fairchild  Family,"  and,  more  re- 
cently, "  The  Golden  Garland  of  Ines- 
timable Delight."  The  great  number  of 
her  books  prevent  an  enumeration  of  even 
the  most  popular  of  them.  Mrs.  Sher- 
wood's husband.  Captain  Sherwood,  ex- 
pired, after  a  trying  illness,  at  Twicken- 
ham, on  the  Gth  Dec.  1849.  The  fatigues 
she  went  through  in  devoted  attention  to 
him,  and  the  bereavement  she  experienced 
at  the  severance  by  fate  of  a  union  of 
nearly  half  a  century,  were  the  ultimate 
cause  of  her  own  demise.  Though  she 
was  of  an  advanced  age,  her  mental  facul- 
ties never  failed  her,  and  she  preserved  a 
religious  cheerfulness  of  mind  to  the  last. 
She  has  left  one  son,  the  Rev.  Henry 
Martin  Sherwood,  Rector  of  Broughton 
Hacket,  and  Vicar  of  White  Ladies  As- 
ton, Worcestershire,  and  two  daughters. 
The  elder  daughter  is  the  wife  of  a  cler- 
gyman, and  mother  of  a  numerous  family. 
The  younger  has  always  resided  with  her 
parents,  and  has,  of  late  years,  assisted 
in  her  mother's  writings,  and  bids  fair  to 
continue  her  parent's  reputation.  She 
has  been,  we  are  informed,  intrusted,  by 
her  mother's  especial  desire,  with  papers 
containing  the  records  of  Mrs.  Sherwood's 
life,  which  will  shortly  be  published. — 
Il/fuf  rated  London  New$, 


Dr.  Patrick  Nbill. 

Sept.  5.  At  his  villa  of  Canoninilli, 
near  Edinburgh,  in  his  75th  year,  Patrick 
Neill,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.E.,  F.S.A.  Scot.»  a 
distinguished  naturalist. 

The  merits  of  Dr.  Neill  as  a  maa  of 
science  were  very  generally  acknowledged. 
His  published  lalK>nrs  as  a  horticiilturitt, 
botanist,  zoologist,  and  geologist,  bear  but 
a  small  proportion  to  his  private  efforti  to 
advance  the  interest  of  natural  science — 
as  secretary  to  the  Wemerian  Society,  at 
a  member  of  Council  of  the  Society  of 
Antiquaries,  as  the  patron  of  rising  merit, 
and  as  one  ever  ready  to  offer  the  warmeet 
sympathy  to  congenial  spirits.  He  wai 
ever  ready  with  a  liberal  hand  to  con- 
tribute to  any  object  of  Chriitiaa  benero- 
lence  or  philanthropy,  and  few  men  have 
left  behind  them  a  more  miiversal  and 
well-founded  esteem. 

As  a  man  of  business.  Dr.  Neill  wia 
uniformly  open,  honourable,  and  accom- 
modating, willing  to  yield  a  great  deal  for 
the  sake  of  peace,  but  possetied  of  suf- 
ficient firmness  when  an  attempt  wis 
made  to  overreach  him.  As  a  friend 
he  was  candid,  judicious,  and  oondli- 
atory,  and  in  this  respect  very  many 
will  deeply  lament  his  loss.  As  a  citiseD, 
the  town  of  Edinburgh  has  lost  a  clear- 
sighted and  determined  supporter.  Whe- 
ther to  establish  an  experimental  or  xoolo- 
gical  garden,  to  decorate  the  North  Loch, 
or  to  protect  the  Flodden  Tower,  Dr. 
Neill  was  ever  ready  and  willing,  with  his 
pen  and  his  purse,  to  promote  every 
useful  improvement,  or  save  from  min 
time-hallowed  relics. 

At  his  residence  at  Canonmills  he  had 
established  an  interesting  and  valnable 
zoological  collection,  and  the  results  af- 
forded by  his  observations  there  are  to  be 
found  scattered  through  the  works  of  his 
scientific  friends.  Dr.  Neill  wss  (like  a 
former  distinguished  Edinburgh  natural- 
ist, William  Smillie)  a  printer,  but  hia 
enlightened  zeal  for  science  was  justly 
acknowledged  by  his  receiving  the  hono- 
rary degree  of  LL.D. 

Although  of  a  somewhat  delicate  eon- 
stitution,  he  was  able,  until  the  last  yeart 
to  attend  to  business  and  enjoy  his  favoor- 
ite  pursuits.  To  a  highly-cultivated  and 
well-regulated  mind  he  added  a  UndlT 
disposition  and  a  genuine  modesty,  whica 
greatly  enhanced  the  value  of  his  general 
deportment.  In  his  moral  character  he 
was  temperate,  friendly,  consistent,  end 
truthful.  Religion  had  early  taken  a 
strong  hold  of  his  mind ;  for  many  yeen 
he  was  a  steady  supporter  of  the  Ealab- 
lished  Church— an  elder  in  St  Mary's* 
under  Dr.  Grant)  and  a  lay  member  of  the 


1851.]      TV.  Nkoly  Esq.  F.R.S.E.^Rev.  Robert  Gutch,  M^.     549 

He  was  bom  at  Oxford,  August  S5tb» 
1777  ;  and  was  educated  at  Christ^s  Hos- 
pital, under  Mr.  Boyer,  whence,  in  1797, 
ne  removed  as  Grecian  to  Pembroke  col- 
lege, Cambridge.  He  afterwards  migfated 
to  Queen's  college  and  took  the  degree  of 
B.A.,  being  seventh  Wrangler,  in  1801 
(Henry  Martyn  being  senior,  and  Lord 
Glenelg  and  his  brother  third  and  fourth 
Wranglers).  Dr.  Isaac  Milner  was  at 
this  time  President  of  Queen's,  and  for  the 
manner  in  which  Mr.  Gutch  distinguished 
himself  offered  him  a  travelling  bachelorship 
then  vacant,  and  in  the  doctor's  nomina- 
tion, which  he  declined,  and  which  was  ac- 
cepted by  Mr.  Wilkins,  the  author  of 
Magna  Grseda.  In  1802  Mr.  Gutch  was 
elected  Fellow  of  his  college,  and  in  1804 
he  took  the  degree  of  M.A. 

In  1801  Mr.  Gutch  became  curate  of 
Epsom,  Surrey,  under  the  Rev.  Jonathan 
Boucher,  distinguished  for  his  courageous 
conduct  during  the  Revolutionary  War  fai 
America,  and  as  a  philologiod  writer.f 
He  also  assisted  Mr.  Boucher  in  the  edu- 
cation of  his  pupils.  After  Mr.  Boucher's 
death  in  1804,  Mr.  Gutch  remained  with 
his  pupils  at  Epsom  till  1809,  when  ha 
was  presented  by  his  college  to  the  rec- 
tory of  Segrave,  where  he  resided  till  his 
death,  continuing  the  preparation  of  young 
men  for  the  university. 

In  1810  he  married  Mr.  Boucher's  step- 
daughter, Mary-Anne,  only  child  of  ue 
Rev.  John  James,  Riector  of  Artiiuret, 
Cumberland,  by  whom  he  had  ten  chil- 
dren: 1.  Elisabeth-Anne,  wife  of  T.  H. 
Hodgson,  esq.;  S.  Jane  ;  3.  Robert,  de- 
ceased ;  4.  John  James ;  5.  Manf-AnnOt 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  P.  Newby ;  6.  uleanoTi 
wife  of  E.  A.  Freeman,  esq.;  7.  Gtewrge ; 
8.  Charles,  fellow  of  Sidney  Sussex  col- 
lege, Cambridge  ;  9.  Isabella ;  10.  Emityi 
deceased. 

Mr.  Gutch  was  throughout  his  life  n 
diligent  student ;  his  attention  was  miinlj 
directed  to  divinity,  and  few  persons  were 
probably  better  versed  in  the  theological 
writers  of  the  English  Church  ftt>m  tha 
Reformation  to  the  present  day.  He 
.  was  also  a  good  classical  and  mathema- 
tical scholar,  and  had  devoted  mudli 
attention  to  various  branches  of  phyidMl 
science.  It  may  possibly  be  matter  of 
regret  that  a  disposition  almost  too  modest 
and  retiring  prevented  him  from  ever 
coming  forth  before  the  world,  or  giving 
himself  any  opportunity  of  obtaining  that 
reputation  to  which  his  learning  and 
ability  were  undoubtedly  entitled.  F>eir 
persons,  however,   were  more  respected 

t  See  a  memoir  of  this  gentleman,  with 
some  of  his  literary  correspondence^  la 
Nichols's  Literary  Dlastrations  of  the 
Ei^ileenth  Ceatniy,  vol.  t.  pp.  $30  e#Mf . 


General  Assembly,  representing  the  pres- 
bytery of  North  Isles  in  Orkney. 

Dr.  Neill's  works  consisted  of  a  Tour 
through  Orkney  and  Shetland,  1806, 8vo.; 
An  Account  of  the  Basalts  of  Saxony,  from 
the  French  of  Dabuisson,  with  Notes, 
1814, 8vo. ;  The  Fruit,  Flower,  and  Kitchen 
Garden,  18..,  8vo.;  and  several  valuable 
contributions  to  the  Wernerian  Society's 
Transactions,  and  to  the  Edinburgh  Phi- 
losophical Journal.  One  of  the  most  im- 
portant of  these.  On  the  discovery  of  the 
remains  of  a  Beaver  {Castor  Buropceus)  in 
Perthshire,  has  been  repeatedly  referred  to 
by  Owen,  Fleming,  and  others  of  our 
most  distinguished  naturalists. 

Having  died  unmarried.  Dr.  Neill  has 
liberally  provided  for  his  relatives.  He 
has  bequeathed  considerable  sums  to  va- 
rious literary  and  sdentific  institutions, 
including  the  Royal  Society,  the  Horti- 
cultural Society,  the  School  of  Arts,  &c. 
of  Edinburgh. 

William  Nicol,  Esq.  F.9.S.E. 

Sept,  2.  At  his  residence,  Inverleith- 
terrace,  Edinburgh,  in  his  83d  year,  Wil- 
liam Nicol,  esq.  F.R.S.E. 

Mr.  Nicol  commenced  his  career  as  as- 
sistant to  the  late  Dr.  Moyes,  the  eminent 
though  blind  lecturer  on  natural  philo- 
sophy. Dr.  Moyes,  at  his  death,  be- 
queathed his  apparatus  to  Mr.  Nicol,  who 
then  lectured  on  the  same  subjects  as  his 
predecessor.  Mr.  Nicol's  contributions 
to  the  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Journal 
were  various  and  valuable;  the  more  im- 
portant being  his  description  of  his  suc- 
cessful repetition  of  Dobereiner's  cele- 
brated experiment  of  igniting  spongy 
platina  by  a  stream  of  cold  hydrogen  gas; 
also  his  method  of  preparing  fossil  woods 
for  microscopic  investigation,  which  led  to 
his  discovery  of  the  structural  difference 
between  the  araucarian  and  coniferous 
woods,  by  far  the  most  important  in  fossil 
botany.  But  the  most  valuable  contribu- 
tion to  physical  science,  and  with  which 
his  name  will  ever  be  associated,  was  his 
invention  of  the  single  image  prism  of 
calcareous  spar,  known  to  the  scientific 
world  as  Nicol's  prism. — Scotiman, 

Rbv.  Robert  Gutch,  M.A. 

Oct.  8.  At  Segrave  Rectory,  Leicester- 
shire, aged  74,  the  Rev.  Robert  Gutch, 
M.A.  Rector  of  Segrave. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  the  Rev. 
John  Gutch,  M.A.  Registrar  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Oxford,  well  known  as  the 
editor  of  Anthony  Wood's  Antiquities  of 
the  University,  Collectanea  Curiosa,  &c.* 

*  See  a  memoir  of  the  Rev.  John  Gutch, 
accompanied  by  a  portrait,  in  our  Maga- 
zine for  August  1831. 


550 


Obituary. — Bev,  WilUam  Field. 


[Nov. 


and  looked  up  to  by  a  large  circle  of 
neighbours  and  friends.  By  them  he  will 
be  remembered  for  the  soundness  and  im- 
partiality of  his  judgment,  the  Christian 
moderation,  great  patience,  and  sweetness 
of  temper  which  on  all  occasions  he  largely 
displayed.  For  some  years  before  his  death 
he  had  filled  the  office  of  Rural  Dean,  and 
was  an  influential  member  of  the  clerical 
societies  in  his  neighbourhood. 

Mr.  Gutch  appeared  in  print  only  as 
the  author  of  a  few  occasional  compo- 
sitions. While  at  Epsom  he  published 
(by  request)  two  sermons  on  the  War  and 
the  Peace  ;  and  in  180G  a  Spital  sermon, 
preached  at  Christ  Church,  Newgate  Street, 
on  St.  Matthew's  day.  In  1 826  he  printed, 
by  request,  a  sermon  preached  at  Leices- 
ter at  the  district  meetings  of  the  Society 
for  the  Promotion  of  Christian  Know- 
ledge, and  the  Society  for  Propagating  the 
Gospel.  In  1836  he  published  (anony- 
mously) a  tract  entitled,  **  Special  Plead- 
ings in  the  Court  of  Reason  and  Con- 
science, at  the  Trial  of  W.  O.  Woolfrey, 
and  others,  for  Conspiracy."  This  was 
an  exposure,  in  the  form  of  a  grave  satire;, 
of  a  pretended  miracle  which  was  laid 
claim  to  by  a  Roman  Catholic  priest  in 
his  neighbourhood.  W^e  believe  he  has 
left  unpublished  several  valuable  papers 
on  BibUcal  criticism  and  the  Roman  con- 
troversy. 

Rev.  William  Field. 

Auff.  16.     In  his  85th  year,  the  Rev. 
William  Field,  of  Learn,  near  Warwick. 

Mr.  Field  was  born  in  London  in  1787, 
and  was  descended  from  an  old  Puritan 
family  long  resident  in  Hertfordshire. 
His  mother's  grandfather  was  Major  Crom- 
well, the  fourth  son  of  the  Protector 
Oliver.  His  ])arents  were  rigid  Calvinists, 
and  he  was  educated  for  the  ministry 
first  at  the  academy  at  Daventry,  and  next 
at  Homerton,  near  London.  From  the 
latter  he  withdrew  on  account  of  alleged 
heterodoxy.  In  tlie  year  1 7B{)  he  became 
pastor  of  the  ancient  Presbyterian  con- 
gregation of  tho  High-street  Chapel,  in 
Warwick,  and  was  ordained  in  the  follow- 
ing year  by  the  eminent  Unitarian  divines, 
Dr.  Priestley  and  Mr.  Bclsham.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Parr,  of  Ilatton,  with  whom 
he  afterwards  formed  an  intimate  friend- 
ship, was  present  at  the  ordination,  and 
joined  his  Dissentiug  brethren  at  the 
public  dinner  which  followed.  The  greater 
part  of  Mr.  Field's  subsequent  career  was 
spent  in  the  usefid  and  honourable  em- 
ployment of  an  instructor  of  youth,  in 
which  he  attained  a  high  and  well*  de- 
served reputation. 

His  first  literary  production  was  *'  Let- 
ters to  the  Inhabitants  of  Warwick,"  oc- 
casioned by  a  public   attack  upon  the 


Sunday  Schools  established  In  conneetioii 
with  the  High-street  Chapel.  This  pabli- 
cation,  which  was  marked  with  much  of 
that  vigour  of  thought  and  elegance  of 
style   that   characterised  his    subseqnent 

Eroductions,  was  followed,  at  intervals, 
y  **  Letters  to  the  Calvinists  of  War- 
wick/' in  reply  to  a  pamphlet  by  a  Bap- 
tist minister  of  that  town  ;  **  An  Histo- 
rical Account  of  the  Town  and  Castle  of 
Warwick,''  published  in  the  year  1815 ; 
*'  Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Dr.  Parr,'»  9 
vols,  in  the  year  1826 ;  an  elemental  work 
on  *'  Scripture  Geography ;"  a  great  nam- 
her  of  occasional  Sermons,  Controversial 
Tracts,  and  Letters ;  and  a  series  of  fi- 
gorous  and  ably  written  political  Pam- 
phlets, chiefly  published  at  the  time  [of 
the  memorable  struggle  for  the  Reform 
BUI. 

Mr.  Field  was  actively  interested  In  all 
efforts  fur  the  improvement  of  the  town 
of  Warwick  and  its  inhabitants.    Among 
his  many  useful  labours  we  may  mention 
that  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  War- 
wick Advertiser  ;  and  in  its  early  career 
superintended    its    literary   department. 
The  public  library  also  owes  its  origin  to 
his  active  exertions  ;  and  every  movement 
that  tended  to  promote  political  freedom, 
religious  liberty,   and   social  well-being, 
found  in  him  a  zealous  advocate  and  ef- 
ficient  supporter.     Although  fireqaenlly 
engaged  in  theological  controversy,  Mr. 
Field  lived  on  terms  of  intimacy  with 
many    of   the    more    liberal  clergy  and 
churchmen  of  the  neighbourhood;   and, 
notwithstanding  the  asperities  of  religions 
and  political  warfare,  he  enjoyed  the  re- 
spect of  all  generous  minds  of  every  party 
for  his  undaunted  devotion  to  what  he  be- 
lieved to  be  the  truth,  and  his  nnwaTcring 
and  consistent  profession  of  an  nnpopnlar 
creed.     He  was  a  good  scholar,  an  ardent 
reformer,  and  a  zealous   Christian;  and 
when  he  retired  into  private  life,  after  a 
long  and  faithful  ministry  at  Warwick  of 
fifty-four  years,  he  carried  with  him  not 
only  the  grateful  affection  of  his  friends 
and   congregation,  but  the  respect  and 
esteem  of  all  classes  of  his  fellow  citizens* 
His  congregation  had  in  1825  presented 
him   with  a  silver  salver  of  bOL  value. 
He  also  held  for  twenty-two  years  the 
oflSce  of  pastor  and  afternoon  preacher  of 
the  Presbyterian  chapel  at  Kenilworth. 

Mr.  Field  married  about  the  year  1805 
Miss  Wilkins,  the  daughter  of  a  Baptist 
minister.  His  wife  died  in  the  latter  part 
of  1818,  after  having  become  the  mother 
of  fourteen  children,  of  whom  eleven  are 
living.  His  portrait  was  painted  by  Mr. 
Henry  Wyatt,  a  pnpii  of  Sir  Thomas 
Lawrence,  and  exnibited  at  the  Royil 
Academy  in  1838.  It  was  engraved  the 
following  year  in  Urge  qnertQ  by  Turner. 


1851.] 


Obituary. —  George  Bakery  Esq* 


551 


George  Baker,  Eso. 

Oct,  12.  At  his  residence,  Mare  Fair, 
Northampton,  aged  70,  Greorge  Baker, 
esq.  one  of  the  magistrates  of  the  borough, 
and  the  Historian  of  the  County. 

Mr.  Baker  was  a  native  of  Northampton. 
His  love  of  antiquities  would  appear  to 
have  been  a  strong  natural  bias  ;  for  we 
are  not  aware  that  the  course  of  his  early 
education  or  of  subsequent  circumstances, 
excepting  so  far  as  he  himself  governed  it, 
was  in  that  direction.  We  have  heard  him 
say  that  the  desire  to  accumulate  informa- 
tion upon  all  points  connected  with  his 
native  county  was  strong  within  him  at  a 
very  early  age,  and  that  he  could  scarcely 
remember  the  time  when  he  was  not  con- 
scious of  an  ambition  to  associate  his 
name  with  its  annals.  At  the  early  age  of 
thirteen  he  wrote  a  history  of  the  town, 
and  from  that  time  he  was  always  engaged 
in  enlarging  his  collections.  His  propo- 
sals for  a  county  history  were  issued  in 
1815.  The  first  part  was  published  in 
1822,  the  second  in  1826,  and  the  third, 
completing  the  first  volume,  in  1830.  This 
volume  contains  the  hundreds  of  Spelho, 
Newbottle  Grove,  Fawsley,  Wardon,  and 
Sutton.  The  fourth  part,  containing  the 
hundreds  of  Norton  and  Cleley,  appeared 
in  1836,  and  about  one-third  of  a  fifth 
part,  containing  the  hundred  of  Towces- 
ter,  in  1841.  At  this  point,  when  the 
work  had  not  proceeded  to  more  than  one- 
fourth  of  its  intended  extent,  it  was  unfor- 
tunately destined  to  terminate  abruptly. 
At  that  period  no  progress  had  been  made 
for  two  years,  in  consequence  of  the  failure 
of  the  author's  health,  which  had  in- 
capacitated him  for  continuous  mental 
application. 

An  appeal,  which  had  been  previously 
promoted  by  the  late  Marquess  of  North- 
ampton and  a  committee  of  the  gentry 
of  the  county,  at  the  close  of  1837,  had 
not  been  so  successful  as  it  was  hoped 
it  might  be.  The  truth  was  that  Mr. 
Baker's  persevering  labours  had  survived 
the  greater  number  of  his  original  sub- 
scribers. At  the  time  of  the  meeting 
above  mentioned  his  losses  amounted  to 
1 80  names,  and  before  the  publication  in 
1841  they  exceeded  220.  It  was  not 
from  the  lack  of  diligence  on  his  part,  of 
talent,  or  of  pecuniary  means  to  the  extent 
of  his  ability,  that  the  work  had  been  de- 
layed. It  was  rather  to  be  attributed  to 
the  reverse  of  these  requisites :  to  the 
pursuit  of  a  laborious,  and  scrupulous, 
and  often  expensive  minuteness  ;  and  to 
an  anxiety  to  avail  himself  of  all  the  ac- 
cessory materials  which  were  continually 
arising  from  the  various  publications  of 
the  Record  Commission,  at  that  time  nu- 
merous :  an  unwillingness  to  be  in  any 


degree  incomplete  or  inaccurate,  mixed 
perhaps  with  some  blindness  to  the  iii« 
evitable  shortness  of  human  life,  and  the 
shortcomings  to  which  all  human  strength 
and  all  human  exertions  are  continuallj 
liable.  From  these  causes,  and  from  oo> 
casional  illness,  he  appears  to  have  had  a 
presentiment  that  the  work  would  not  re- 
ceive its  accomplishment  from  his  hands. 
Nearly  twenty  years  ago  (in  1833)  we 
find  him  writing  to  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  in  reply  to  a  remonstrance 
against  delay  —  **  Should  it  be  left  in- 
complete, it  will  be  no  trifling  consola- 
tion to  me,  and  may  perhaps  be  satisfac- 
tory to  my  subscribers,  to  know  that  my 
Collections  for  the  whole  County  are  of 
such  a  nature,  and  in  such  a  state,  being 
all  arranged  and  indexed,  as  will  lay  a 
substantial  foundation  for,  and  materially 
lighten,  the  labours  of  any  one  who  may 
undertake  the  continuation  of  my  design." 
It  must  be  satisfactory  to  the  subscribers 
and  to  the  county  and  country  at  large  to 
know  this  fact.  But,  though  knowing 
this,  it  is  not  in  Northamptonshire  that  the 
MSS.  are  to  be  found.  Nine  years  ago 
Mr.  Baker's  library  was  shorn  of  most  of 
the  '*  closet  friends  and  cherished  compa- 
nions "  of  the  historian,  their  sale  being 
generally  understood  to  be  compelled  by 
the  unrewarded  and  expensive  labours  ii 
their  owner.  Tiie  "  Collections  for  North- 
amptonshire *'  have,  since  then,  been  pur- 
chased by  Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  Bart,  of 
MiddlehUl,  Worcestershire. 

Mr.  Baker^s  Northamptonshire  is,  on 
the  whole,  the  most  complete  and  syste- 
matic of  all  our  County  Histories.  With- 
out the  elegance  or  playfulness  of  ex- 
pression which  lend  a  charm  to  the  worka 
of  Whitaker  and  Surtees,  or  the  copioii»- 
ness  and  diffusive  information  amassed  by 
Nichols,  he  elaborated  a  work  which  for 
its  fullness  and  exactitude,  and  symmetry 
of  execution,  must  be  regarded  as  in  most 
respects  a  complete  model  for  so  important 
an  undertaking. 

A  stranger,  on  looking  at  the  result 
of  Mr.  Baker's  labours,  both  in  print 
and  in  manuscript,  might  naturally  suppose 
that  to  effect  so  great  a  work  the  author 
had  secluded  himself  from  all  social  inter- 
course beyond  his  own  fireside,  but  would 
be  surprised  to  learn  that  there  was  hardly 
a  benevolent  or  literary  institation  in  tbie 
town  of  Northampton  in  the  formation  of 
which  Mr.  Baker  was  not  an  active  agent, 
or  which  was  not  deeply  indebted  to  hit 
personal  services  in  after  years.  The 
British  Schools  owed  their  existence  en- 
tirely to  his  efforts,  in  connexion  with  tiM 
Mayor  for  the  time  being  (Philip  Consta- 
ble, esq.)  and  another  excellent  person, 
the  late  John  Buxton,  esq.    Mr.  Biktr 


552 


Obituary. — Mr.  Benjamin  Gibson. 


[Nov. 


was  an  early  promoter  of  tbe  Northampton 
Savings  Bank, — of  the  General  Library, 
of  which  he  was  the  last  original  town 
subscriber, — of  the  Artisans'  Society, — 
and  tbe  Victoria  Dispensary.  He  was 
also  the  originator,  with  tbe  late  Dr. 
MacknesB  (whose  recently  published  Me- 
moirs we  noticed  in  our  last  number),  of 
the  Mechanics'  Institute,  of  which  he  was 
constantly  elected  on  the  committee  (and 
that  by  the  largest  number  of  votes),  and 
at  the  last  general  meetingVice-President. 
In  addition,  he  discharged  with  great  as- 
siduity  and  impartiality  the  office  of  a 
magistrate  of  the  borough  of  Northampton 
from  the  year  1 836. 

"  Of  Mr.  Baker's  conduct  in  private  life, 
it  would  be  difficult  to  use  language  too 
strong.  We  might  dwell  with  melancholy 
satisfaction  on  the  firmness  of  his  friend- 
ships, his  readiness  to  make  any  personal 
sacrifices  for  the  benefit  of  others,  and  to 
exercise  the  truly  Christian  office  of  a 
peace-maker  and  a  reconciler ;  his  sym- 
pathy with  the  afflicted,  and  his  delicate 
regard  for  the  welfare  of  the  poor  and  the 
unfortunate,  whom  it  was  the  joy  of  his 
heart  to  relieve  to  the  extent  of  his  ability. 
In  short,  the  maxim  by  which  he  regulated 
his  life  was  the  Divine  precept,  Do  unto 
others  as  ye  would  that  they  should  do 
unto  you. 

**  Though  a  Non- conformist  and  an  Uni- 
tarian, he  knew  how  to  combine  the  firm 
avowal  of  his  own  principles,  both  politi* 
cal  and  religious,  with  the  utmost  charity 
and  courtesy  of  behaviour  towards  those 
who  differed  most  widely  from  him :  and 
when  pursuing  his  archecological  re- 
searches, he  became  the  welcome  guest, 
as  it  might  happen,  of  Churchman  and 
Dissenter,  Conservative  and  Liberal,  Peer 
and  Commoner."  —  Northampton  Mer- 
cury, 

Mr.  Baker  was  not  married ;  but  he  was 
united  in  bonds  of  the  strictest  love  with 
an  only  sister,  who  was  his  constant  com- 
panion, the  partaker  of  all  his  opinions, 
tastes,  and  pursuits,  and  the  sharer  of  all 
his  joys  and  sorrows,  for  more  than  sixty 
years.  In  the  geology  and  natural  history 
of  the  county  Miss  Baker  was  a  valuable 
coadjutor  ;  she  etched  several  of  the  plates 
which  are  published  in  the  History  ;  and 
she  is  now  engaged  in  revising  for  the 
press  a  Glossary  of  Northamptonshire 
Words  and  Phrases,  which  will  still  further 
familiarise  her  name  to  the  future  genera- 
tions of  her  native  county. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  committee  of  the 
Northampton  and  Northamptonshire  Me- 
chanics^ Institute,  held  on  Tuesday,  Oc- 
tober 14th,  it  was  unanimously  resolved 
— "  That  this  committee  have  heard 
with  deep  regret  of  the  decease  of  their 
13 


Vice-President,  Greorge  Baker,  esq.;  that 
they  wish  to  record  on  their  minutei 
the  respect  in  which  they  hold  his  me* 
mory  as  an  upright  magistrate,  a  dis- 
tinguished antiquarian,  and  an  unwearied 
philanthropist ;  and  more  especially  to 
express  their  grateful  sense  of  the  as- 
siduity with  which  he  dischar^ged  bis  du- 
ties as  a  member  of  this  committee,  and 
of  the  lively  interest  he  always  evinced  in 
the  prosperity  of  the  Institute.  That  tbe 
chairman  be  requested  to  take  the  earliest 
convenient  opportunity  of  commanicatiofl; 
the  above  resolution  to  Miss  Baker,  with 
the  assurance  of  the  respectful  sympathy 
of  the  committee  on  account  of  ner  irre- 
parable loss/' 

A  very  good  likeness  of  Mr.  Baker  was 
printed  a  few  years  ago  in  lithography. 


Mr.  Benjamin  Gibson. 

Aug,  13.  At  the  Baths  of  Lucca,  aged 
40,  Mr.  Benjamin  Gibson,  sculptor,  of 
Rome. 

He  came  to  Rome  from  Liverpool,  the 
place  of  his  birth,  fourteen  years  since, 
when  he  was  2G  years  of  age.  He  residol 
with  his  elder  brother,  John  Gibson,  the 
eminent  sculptor,  assisting  him  in  his  pro- 
fessional engagements  and  contributing  to 
his  domestic  circle  an  unvarying  amiability 
of  disposition  and  cheerful  and  pleasing 
manners.  To  the  English  visitors  at 
Rome  he  was  ever  kind  and  attentive. 
His  health  for  a  long  time  had  been  pre* 
carious,  and  for  the  last  four  years  he  had 
suffered  much.  Several  of  Mr.  B.  Gih* 
son's  letters  on  the  antiquities  of  Italy 
have  been  from  time  to  time  published  in 
our  Magazine.  The  last  was  inserted  in 
our  September  number.  His  remarks  on 
the  Lycian  Marbles  have  been  published 
by  Sir  Charles  Fellows,  and  his  explana- 
tion of  them  have  received  a  high  compli- 
ment from  M.  RaoOl  Rochette,  who  has 
published  an  elaborate  dissertation  on  the 
subject  Through  Mr.  Roach  Smith,  Mr. 
B.  Gibson  communioated  soma  pepert  to 
tbe  Society  of  Antiquaries  ;  one  of  which, 
on  the  sculptures  of  the  lonio  monuments 
at  Zanthus,  has  recently  appeared  in  the 
*'  Museum  of  Classical  Antiquities." 
Another,  on  some  fresco  paintiog  dis- 
covered at  Rome  illustratiTe  of  the  Odyt- 
sey,  remains  we  believe  unpublished. 

Mr.  B.  Gibson  was  the  youngest  of 
th  rce  brothers.  The  eldest  of  these,  John, 
is  well  known  as  the  most  distinguished 
sculptor  of  the  day.  Mr.  Solomon  GibeoB, 
the  second  brother,  residing  at  Liveqpool, 
has  also  acquired  a  good  reputation  for 
his  sculptures  and  mcKlels. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


553 


DEATHS, 

ARRANGED  IN  CHRONOLOUICAL  ORDER. 

March  4.  At  the  tillage  of  Ungurutua,  six  days 
dUtant  from  Kouka,  the  capital  of  Bornou,  Mr. 
James  Richardson,  the  enterprising  traveller  in 
Africa. 

In  J/iay,  at  Melbourne,  Australia,  aged  26,  Julia, 
wife  of  Mr.  C.  Gill,  late  of  Charfleld,  and  youngest 
diiu.  of  the  late  Daniel  Lloyd,  esq.  banker,  of 
Wotton-under-Edge. 

May  29.  At  Calcutta,  Lieut.  Richard  Beres- 
ford,  of  the  G2d  Native  Inf.  youngest  son  of  the 
late  Rev.  Gilbert  Beresford,  of  Aylestone,  Leic. 

June  2.  At  Adelaide,  South  Australia,  Shute- 
Burrington,  fourth  son  of  the  late  Col.  Moody,  R.E. 

June  4.  Yar  Mahomed,  the  celebrated  Vizier  of 
Herat.  He  was  one  of  the  most  intriguing  princes 
in  Asia.  He  always  numaged  to  keep  on  friendly 
terms  with  us,  and  more  than  one  mission  was 
sent  to  his  court  from  India. 

June  25.  Drovmed  off  the  Mauritius,  in  the 
v^TCck  of  the  ship  Randolph,  on  his  passage  from 
Madras,  aged  20,  Ensign  Charles  H.  Scott,  48tb 
Madras  N.I.,  only  son  of  the  late  Charles  Scott, 
ei<<i.  surtceon  in  the  Bombay  service. 

July  19.  At  Belgaum,  Lillias-Sarah,  dau.  of 
Major  C.  F.  I^  Hardy,  of  the  Madras  army. 

At  Mecrut,  aged  28,  Thomas  Staples,  First  Lieut, 
in  the  1st  Ben^^  Fusiliers,  third  son  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Staples,  of  Gowran. 

July  21 .  In  the  wreck  of  tlie  Pacha,  on  his  pas- 
sage from  Hong  Kong  to  Calcutta,  aged  27,  William 
Briscoe,  esq.  M.D.  Assistant  Surgeon  61st  Regt. 
youngest  son  of  the  late  John  Briscoe,  esq.  of 
Bathford,  near  Bath. 

At  Lahore,  aged  63,  Msjor-Gen.  William  Battine, 
C.B.  commanding  the  Cis-Jhelum  division  of  the 
uiiny,  who  expired  from  the  effects  of  a  severe 
bilious  intermittent  fever.  This  gallant  officer  be- 
longed to  the  Artillery,  and  hw  roll  of  active  ser- 
vice embraced  the  transactions  in  the  Doab  inl8O0 ; 
Bundulcuud,  1809-10 ;  the  nicge  of  Kalingur,  1812 ; 
the  command  of  tlie  Foot  Artillery  at  the  siege  of 
Kalingur  in  1814;  taking  Nahnd  and  Jeytuck, 
1H14-15;  in  Kumaon,  1815-16;  Mahratta  war, 
1H17-18  ;  siege  and  taking  of  Hattrass,  1819 ;  and 
siege  and  capture  of  Bhurtpore,  1826,  for  which 
last  lie  received  his  brevet  of  Lieut.-Colonel. 

Autj.  3.  At  Madras,  Aime-AmeUa-Stuart,  wife 
of  James  Shaw,  esq. 

Awj.  4.  At  Madras,  Surgeon  Samuel  Crozier 
Koe,  M.D.  insiJector-General  of  Hospitals.  He  at- 
tuiiied  tlie  rank  of  Surgeon  of  the  first  class  in  1839. 

Autj.  10.  At  Kurrachee,  Lieut.  W.  Hall,  H.M. 
83<1  Foot. 

Au'j.  11.  While  on  his  journey  from  Fort  Wil- 
liam to  Allahabad,  to  which  place  he  had  been 
directed  to  bo  conveyed  for  safety,  a  plot  for  his 
Ulteration  from  the  former  place  having  been  de- 
tected, the  ex-Dewan  Moolr^  of  Mooltan.  Though 
rather  of  a  timid  nature  him.*H.'lf,  he  managed  to 
battle  our  troops  for  a  long  time  before  Mooltan. 
Ho  never  but  once  appeared  at  the  head  of  his 
army  against  us,  and  then  took  to  flight  long  be- 
fore hi»  men. 

Au'j.  17.  At  Simla,  aged  27,  Robert  Harris, 
fourth  son  of  the  late  Iklward  Greathead,  esq.  of 
U(l<les<len  House,  Dorset. 

At  Cuddapah,  Lieut.  B.  W.  F.  Marriott,  IStli 
Madras  N.  Inf. 

Aug.  25.  In  Jamaica,  Lieut.  HaUhan,  3d  W.  I. 
regt.  eldest  son  of  Dr.  Halahan,  Royal  Artillery. 

At  Bombay,  aged  55,  Captain  John  Croft  Haw- 
kins, assistant  su))crintendent  of  the  Indian  na^y, 
who  was  thrown  out  of  his  curricle  and  killed  on 
the  s\yoi.  He  had  been  employed  39  years  in  the 
Indian  navy,  of  which  he  had  for  several  years 
piLst  been  the  senior  officer  in  India.  He  was 
Commo«lorc  of  the  Persian  Gulf  Squadron,  wboi 
the  death  of  the  late  Sir  Robert  Oliver  made  him 
for  a  time  acting  superintendent  of  the  Indian 
navy— an  office  he  continued  to  hold  until  ro* 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


Heved  by  Commodore  Lusliington  in  Fob.  1849. 
He  then  became  flag  captain  of  the  port,  and  after- 
wards assistant  superintendent,  botli  which  ap- 
pointments he  continued  to  hold  up  to  the  time 
of  his  decease. 

Assassinated  at  Newtown,  near  Ballyroan,  Ifr. 
Edw.  White,  of  Abbeyleix,  Queen's  County,  where 
he  had  been  an  extensive  trader  for  nearly  40 
years,  universally  esteemed  as  an  employer,  and 
an  active  and  benevolent  guardian  of  the  Abb^- 
Icix  union.  Having  retired  from  trade,  he  had 
purchased  land,  and  his  life  is  supposed  to  have 
been  sacrificed  to  a  dispute  respecting  rights  of 
turbary.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
body,  and  had  never  taken  part  in  religious  or 
political  controversies.  He  was  unmarried,  and 
resided  with  two  maiden  sisters.  Government 
has  offered  a  reward  of  10(K.  for  the  detection  of 
the  murderer. 

Aug.  26.  At  Santa  Maura,  £.  R.  Richardson, 
esq.  assistant  surgeon  H.  M.  47th  regt. 

Aug.  27.  At  Mean  Meer,  Lahore,  Lieut.  Stone, 
57th  Bengal  N.  Inf. 

Aug.  28.  At  Bangalore,  Lieut.  G.  J.  B.  Tucker, 
1st  liadras  Cav. 

At  Strathmore,  Canada  West,  Arnold  Robin- 
son Burrowes,  esq.  of  Benarth,  N.  W.  late  Qqpt. 
in  the  Coldstream  Guards,  and  A.  D.  C.  to  Vis- 
count Beresford  during  the  Peninsular  war. 

At  Exeter,  aged  31,  Juliana  Meeban,  wife  of 
Capt.  Meehan,  1st  W.  I.  regt. 

Aug.  31.  At  Shikarpore,  Lieut.  G.  Mayor,  25th 
Bombay  N.  Inf. 

Sept.  1.  At  Bromley  College,  Kent,  Charlotte- 
Jane,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Denzil  Ibbetson, 
Itector  of  Halsted. 

Sept.  2.  At  Dresden,  Edward  Reynolds,  esq. 
late  Capt.  R.  Eng. 

At  Rathmines,  DubUn,  Elizabeth-Catharine, 
widow  of  Michael  Roach,  esq. 

Sept.  3.  In  Jamaica,  Thomas-Reid,  only  child 
of  the  late  Be^j.  Hanghton  Tharp,  esq.  wfaoae 
death  occurred  on  the  24th  July  (see  p.  442). 

Sej^.  4.  At  Lintharghlee,  Roxb.  aged  26,  Ro- 
bert Barwell  Carter,  esq.  only  son  of  the  late  I^. 
William  Barwell  Carter,  and  grandson  of  l^o  late 
Robert  Downie,  esq.  of  Appin,  Arigyllshire. 

Sept.  5.  At  Minehead,  aged  64,  Jane,  relict  of 
Richard  Cross,  esq.  of  Pightly,  Somerset. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  aged  70,  William  Medley, 
esq.  one  of  the  oldest  magistrates  for  the  countlM 
of  Middlesex  and  Bucks. 

Sept.  6.    At  Leicester,  aged  66,  Roger  Miles,  esq. 

S^.  7.    At  Wakefield,  aged  90,  Mrs.  DnnweU. 

Sqpt.  8.  Aged  9,  Helen-Louisa-Mary,  dan.  of 
Rev.  Dr.  Croly,  Rector  of  St.  Stephen's,  Walbrook. 

In  Charlotte-st.  Portland-pl.  Capt  Bertie  Mark- 
hmd,  of  the  1st  West  Tork  Militia. 

At  Whitby,  accidentally  drowned  whilst  bath- 
ing, aged  13,  James,  yoimgest  son  of  W.  S.  Mar- 
shall, esq.  Hyde  Park-sq.  and  of  Flashwood^iaU, 
Suffolk. 

At  Broadway,  Worcester,  aged  72,  John  Boa* 
sell,  esq. 

Sept.  9.  At  Hempstead,  aged  86,  Anna-Maria, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Thomas  Davis,  esq.  oi 
Brooom-hall,  Teddington. 

At  Southsea,  aged  60,  ^^Olliam  Richard  Harris, 
esq.  late  of  Oporto. 

In  Gloucester-terr.  Regent's  Park,  Mabel,  Inliuit 
dau.  of  Sir  Stafford  Northcote,  Bart. 

At  Notting-hill,  aged  77,  James  Ogilvie,  esq. 

At  Woolvers  Dean,  near  Andover,  aged  60. 
Georgiana,  relict  of  John  Baker  RIcliards,  esq.  of 
Bryanston-sq. 

At  Stockwell-common,  Mary,  relict  of  Thomas 
Streatfeild,  esq.  of  St.  Mary-axe  and  Stockwdl- 
common. 

At  Lewisham-hill,  Blackheath,  Cluurles  WOUm 
Walker,  esq.  late  of  the  Paymaster-Gen.'s  Ofllce. 

Sept.  10.  At  BiU-hill^»ttage,  Berks,  aged  47, 
Samuel  de  Castro,  esq. 

At  Exeter,  aged  65,  Lieut.  George  Ctogborn, 
»2nd  Light  Influitry.  ' 

4B 


554 


Obituary. 


[Nov. 


At  I'uirHeUl,  near  Liverpool,  Samuel  Johiiiiou, 
b>ii.  of  the  Mifiillc  Temple. 

In  Cainl>oni\'ell  Ncw-roud,  o^eil  47,  Rachel,  wife 
of  S.  Buller  Lemon,  omi.  and  ehlciit  dau.  of  the 
late  Henry  Lakes,  esq.  of  Trevsirrick,  Cornwall. 

At  Haldock,  Hert>,  Fredurick  ^rshall,  esq. 
surgeon,  i»on  of  the  late  John  Marshall,  e.sq.  of 
Hitchin. 

Benjamin  Wtilkcr,  e^i.  iklytholmroyd,  llalifiix. 

Sept.  11.  At  hla  brother's,  near  Merthjrr  Tydfil, 
nged  G><,  John  Hill,  esq.  of  Rnth. 

At  Bath,  a^ed  53,  William  rHllutt,  e.^i. 

At  Shenstoue,  n(>ar  Liehtield,  age<l  20,  Minnie, 
only  child  of  the  late  Uoljcrt  M.iyne,cwj. 

At  Datchet,  a^'cd  6{»,  Hicluird  Sherwhi  Moridon, 
esq.  sur^feon. 

At  riymouth,  Capt.  rnineii>  Onnond,  It.N.  lie 
was  miiUhipman  of  the  Prince  of  Wale^  at  Coi)en- 
hngen  in  ISO?  ;  of  the  Im]ilacnl>le  at  the  capture 
of  the  Sewolrxl,  and  wah  m  her  bontn  at  the  capture 
of  a  Kussian  flotilla  in  the  (inlf  of  I'inland.in  1800 ; 
was  a  Lieutenant  in  ^un-boats  at  the  defence  of 
LM^a  in  IHl'i ;  comniauded  a  divU>iou  of  lioatii  ut 
the  cai»turc  of  Hamdcn  and  Han^or,  in  America ; 
was  at  th(r  attack  on  the  American  i)rivatecr  Prince 
of  Ncufchatel ;  lieutenant  of  the  Knd>iiii(ni  at  the 
cajitiire  of  the  United  States'  frigate  President ; 
and  of  the  Impreirnahlc  104,  the  flag-ship  of  Sir 
David  Milne,  at  Aliriers.  He  received  for  his  «er- 
viccM  a  medal  with  live  cla^^ps^  was  made  Com- 
mander ls"2.") ;  and  a  Captain  on  rcfjoncd  lialf-pay 
Hhortly  befon;  his  death.  He  married  in  1822 
Frances,  flauKhtor  of  J.  Hedges,  es<i.  of  Walling- 
ford. 

At  South.<>ca,at;ed  h2,  Kli/uU>th,  widow  of  Cajit. 
Charles  Otter,  11. N. 

At  Digswell  Water,  llert>,  Jiged  .ifi,  Tliomji.s 
Pennefather,  es*^.  Ills  family  have  re^^ido^l  in  the 
parish  of  Welwjni  for  more  than  three  centuries. 

Sfjit.  12.  In  Newington-pl.  Kenninglon,  agctl 
Hi,  the  wife  of  Chrihtopher  Edmonds,  esq. 

At  ]■  i.shI>ourne,  Sussex,  aged  7."»,  Churlea  Harris, 
esq.  late  of  Donnington,  having  Minived  his 
youngest  Mon  only  two  months. 

At  Twickenham,  aged  14.  Sairah,  dau.  of  Brian 
Houghton  Hodgson,  es^i.  late  of  the  Bengal  Civil 
Service. 

At  Plymouth,  aged  Gl,<Huitavu«  Uobert  Uoch- 
fort.  Commander  K.N.  He  was  mate  of  the  Cul- 
outbi  wlicn  captured  by  the  Hwhfort  squadron  in 
180.'».  Ho  was  made  a  Lieutenant  in  IHII,  and 
had  recently  l)cen  ]»lace4  on  the  reserved  half-pay 
list  of  Conmiandcrs. 

At  Ben^church  Hall,  Ks-m'-x,  aged  72,  F.ve,  >*-ife 
of  Sir  George  nenr>'  Sm.niie,  M.P.  for  Colchester. 
She  was  daughter  of  (ieorgc  Elmore,  es^i.  of  lien- 
ton,  Hants,  and  was  married  in  IK1.'>. 

At  Brussel.-*,  Mary-EIizul>eth,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
late  William  Tebbs.  e-?*!.  of  Chelsea. 

At  liuislip,  Middlesex,  aged  43,  Cliarles  Hanl- 
ingham  Tiphuly,  qmi. 

Sipt  13.  At  EastlKJurne,  Sussex,  aged  M4,  Mary- 
Ann,  widow  of  James  Bird,  ewj.  of  Brighton. 

At  Batli,  in  her  80th  year,  Martha,  third  dau. 
of  Ueor-Adm.  Jahleel  Brenton,  and  sister  of  the 
late  Vice-Adm.  Sir  Jahleel  Brenton,  Bart. 

In  L']»i»cr  (ieorge-st.  Br\-anston-»(i.  aged  7ti, 
John  Chan<11er,  esq. 

At  Poulton-le-Sands,  near  Lancaitter,  aged  4U, 
Elizabeth-Maria,  relict  of  Thomas  Dicey  Cotton. 
es<i.  of  Curwen  Woods,  Burton,  Westmerland. 

At  Che^ter,  Mary,  relict  of  Col.  Dcsbri»ay,  K.A. 

At  tho  Hotwells,  Bristol,  at  an  advance<l  age, 
Stt'phen  England,  es<j. 

At  Mark,  Som.  nued  7J>.  Thomas  (billing,  esq. 

Aged  77,  Isaac  Hoy,  e-sq.  of  Stoke  l*riorv,  by 
Nayland,  Sutfolk. 

At  Greenfnrd,  Middlesex,  at  an  advancal  age. 
Sarah,  wife  of  W.  II.  Hugesson,  ewi.  formerly  of 
Stoduiarbh  Court. 

Agetl  82,  Mrs.  Sarali  Uutchous,  lute  of  Upper 
Baker-st. 

At  Leicester,  aged  48,  Utorge  Malin,  W|.  of 
AlezanOria,  iu  Egypt. 


At  Sonning,  Oxon.  Aged  79,  Daniel  May,  esq. 

In  Gnemsey,  Hcnrietta-Delaeoitr,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  E.  J.  Selwyn,  of  Blacktieatb,  and  third  dan. 
of  the  late  Rev.  P.  Maingay,  formerly  one  of  tlio 
Ministers  of  St.  James's  Cbnrcli,  QnernMBy. 

At  Islington,  aged  7A,  Maria,  wifis  of  TlumiM 
Soutliey,  esfi. 

At  Totteridge,  Herts,  aged  Gfi,  W.  H.  Thoaip- 
son,  esq. 

At  Islington,  aged  75,  Susanna,  relict  of  MattiMw 
Whitridge,  esq.  of  Canonbury-s(i. 

Se/>t.  14.  At  Sandhays,  0)n»ley,Wilta,  and  45, 
Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Nathaniel  Banon, 
esq.  of  Corsley  House,  Wilts. 

At  Portsmouth,  aged  70,  William  Chaanbtr- 
layne,  ewi. 

In  Pimlico,  aged  GO,  Edward  Crocker,  eaq. 

At  Si'hiangenbad,  Nassau,  aged  Bl,  Frances, 
wife  of  Kirkman  Daniel  Hodgson,  aaq. 

At  Dublin,  Catherine,  dan.  of  tlie  late  James 
King.  es(i.  of  Knockballymore,  co.  Fermanagh, 
and  tlr.st  cou>in  to  the  Earl  of  Erne. 

Aged  33,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Benjamin  Little- 
wood,  cam.  of  Norton  House,  near  Stourbridge. 

In  Peckham-r>-e,  aged  &i,  Jamea  Mentor,  eaq. 

At  1  horpo  Basset,  near  Malton,  aged  98,  £Ui^ 
iK'th,  relict  of  Mr.  William  Pcaeock,  of  Langton, 
and  mother  to  Messrs.  William  and  Jamea  Fea- 
c<Mk,  fanners.  Tlie  deceased  was  motiier  of  9 
children,  graiulmothor  of  70,  great-grMidmotber 
of  70,  and  great-great-graudxDother  of  1. — To- 
tal, l.'iG. 

At  the  residence  of  his  brotlier,  Sutton  Ooldfleld, 
Warwicksh.  aged  74,  Samuel  Stede  ^arkina,  esq. 
second  ^n  of  the  late  Samuel  Steele  Perkins,  aiq. 
of  Orton  Hall,  co.  Leicester.  (See  a  pedigree  of 
this  ros]K:ctabIe  family  in  Nichols's  HUtary,  vol.iv. 
p.  8.'»4«). 

Aged  17,  Emily,  second  dau.  of  E.  B.  Swoine, 
&m.  of  Heme  Ilill,  Surrey. 

At  Kilkee,  Clare,  aged  IB,  Berkdey-Stannton, 
eldest  son  of  Iktrkelcy  Westropp,  eaq.  of  Mimtsga- 
pl.  RussuU-Hq. 

ikjit.  l!i.  At  CheWa,  Mary-LiTingatone,  r^lki 
of  James  (iilchrlst,  emi  of  the  4ld  Regt.  and  d«k 
of  tho  late  Adam  Callander,  esq.  younger  of  Gratf- 
forth.  N.B. 

At  Pigtou,  Derbyahire,  ajfod  Gl,  George  Qood* 
win,  usq. 

At  Guernsey,  aged  30,  Lient.  Jamas  Saumam 
Mann,  R.N.  son  of  Lleut.^Col.  Mann,  late  of  B.  £. 
StalTCorj>s. 

At  ILirting.  Siuwex,  I>riscilla,  wife  of  M.  John 
Phillips,  oMi.  and  only  flan,  of  the  late  James  Fto- 
mank,  es<i.  M.D.  of  Wallingford. 

At  Edinburgh,  Colonel  Michael  Itamaay,  i4th 
iU-ngal  N.  Inf.    He  was  a  cadet  of  1807. 

At  Dover,  aged  41,  Roliert-Milligan,  wo  of  the 
late  ('olin  RoliertMin,  esq.  • 

S'/4.  IG.    At  Dublin.  James  Ball,  esq. 

At  Dunkirk,  ageil  73,  Thomas  Barfbot  Olhrar, 
esq.  late  of  Quorndon  hall,  Leic. 

At  Clitlon,  ageil  6U,  Francvn-Maria,  relict  of  th* 
Rev.  Warre  Squire  Bradley,  late  Vicar  of  CShard 
and  Tiinbersoonibc,  Somersotshire,  and  Frsb.  of 
Wells. 

At  rtytown,  Canada  EoAt,  aged  57,  the  Hml 
Mary-Krederica,  wife  of  Col.  Dyneley,  G.B.  Golaael 
Comumnding  the  Royal  Artillery  in  Canada.  IIm 
wtus  the  daughter  of  Edward  first  Lord  KHsnho^ 
rough,  by  Aune,  dau.  of  .George  Philip  Towiy, 
e<^I.  and  was  married  In  1827. 

At  Brighton,  age<l  6A,  Samuel  George,  eaq.  of 
Denmark-hill,  Cauibenrcll. 

At  Batli,  in  her  80Ui  year,  Susannah,  eUest  sor- 
riving  dau.  of  Shr  Tliomaa  Crawl^-Boery,  th« 
<«econd  Bart. 

In  Upper  Berkeley-st.  aged  69,  Henrr  Otvay, 
esq.  of  St.  (toorge's,  Urenada,  West  Indies. 

At  the  residence  of  her  IMber,  C.  Aiw>  of 
Mitchom,  aged  98,  Jane,  wife  of  V. 
of  Lambeth. 

At  Brighton,  aged  9i,  Edward  Ji 
lUchardaon,  esq.  of  the  Bengal  Ci^il  SefflM.  a»> 


1651.] 


Obituary. 


555 


cond  son  of  tlic  late  Geo.  Richardson,  esq.  Bengal 
Civil  Scrrice. 

At  Hardway,  Hants,  aged  61,  Colonel  John 
Ross,  late  Commandant  of  the  garrison  at  St. 
Helena.  This  gallant  officer  entered  tlie  army  in 
1803,  served  with  the  51st  Regt.  in  the  Peninsula, 
under  Sir  John  Moore,  and  was  present  in  the  ac- 
tion at  Lni^o  and  the  battle  of  Coranna,  in  Jon. 
1809.  Immediately  afterwards  he  proceeded  with 
the  expedition  to  Walcheren,  and  was  present  at 
the  siege  of  Flushing.  He  returned  to  the  Penin- 
sula in  Jan.  1811,  and  was  present  in  the  battles 
of  Fuentes  d'Onor,  Salamanca,  Nivelle,  and  Orthes. 
Col.  Ross  also  served  in  the  campaign  of  1815,  and 
was  present  at  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  where  he 
was  seriously  wonnded  on  the  field,  and  lost  five 
brothers.  He  leaves  a  Uirge  &mily.  He  had  re- 
ceived the  war  medal  with  five  clasps. 

At  Ranclogh,  Dublin,  Maria,  relict  of  Hicbaol 
Ryan,  surgeon  in  Her  Majesty '^  Colonial  Service. 

At  Chelsea,  Eliza,  wifb  of  Jolm  Smith,  esq.  sur- 

?;eon,  and  second  dau.  of  the  late  Mr.  Thomas 
lomer,  of  Winterbourne  St.  Blartin,  Dorset. 

Sept.  17.  At  Brompton,  aged  79,  Charlotte, 
rehct  of  Robt.  Anderson,  esq.  of  Hawkhurst.  Kent. 

At  Ka.sttH)ume,  aged  70,  Mary,  eldest  (Ian.  of 
the  late  Mr.  Thomas  Baker. 

At  Ring's  Lynn,  Norfolk,  aged  (>7,  Alexander 
Bowker,  esq. 

At  Highgate,  aged  45,  Clarissa,  wife  of  the  Rer. 
Sydney  Oedge,  of  Khig  Edward's  School,  Bir- 
mingham. 

At  Stow,  Antony-Oibbs,  son  of  tlie  late  Rer. 
John  Lloyd  Crawley,  of  Ueyford. 

At  Lee,  Kent,  aged  G8,  Kennett  Kingsford,  esq. 

At  Uphill,  aged  21,  Henry  Kington,  youngest 
son  of  Thomas  Macie  Leir,  esq.  of  Jaggards  honse, 
Corsham,  Wlltti,  and  of  Weston,  near  Bath. 

Aged  50,  John  Smith,  cso.  surgeon,  of  Coventry. 

Sept.  18.  At  Madeira,  Julia,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
P.  L.  D.  Acland,  and  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  B.  Barker,  of  Shipdham,  Norfblk. 

At  Cheltenham,  William  Briggs,  M.D.  late  of 
Ambleside,  formerly  of  Liverpool,  and  also  of 
Kendal. 

At  Kcnnington  comm.  aged  73,  Wm.  Cox,  esq. 

At  Batheaston,  aged  21,  Adelaide,  eldest  dau. 
of  William  Hale,  esq.  of  Bath,  solicitor. 

At  Brighton,  aged  54,  Elixabeth'^Mary,  widow 
of  Sir  Henry  Meux,  of  Theobalds  Park,  llcrtford. 
Bart,  and  mother  to  the  present  member  for  that 
county.  She  was  the  dau.  of  Thomas  Smith,  esq. 
of  Castlcbar-house,  MIddx.  was  married  in  1814, 
and  left  a  widow  in  1H41. 

At  Blackhcath-hill,  aged  37 ,  William,  only  son 
of  George  Oliver,  esq. 

At  Broxboum,  Herts,  aged  89,  Sophia,  relict  of 
Philip  Egerton  Ottcy,  es<i. 

At  the  Parsonage,  Hooknorton,  the  how«e  of  his 
son,  aged  78,  Mark  Rushton,  esq. 

At  Hammersmith,  aged  72,  William  Itobert  Scar- 
man,  CMq,  late  of  fleorge-st.  Uanover-sq. 

Suddenly,  aged  4.'>,  Madame  Soullicr,  (brmerly 
a  celebrated  equestrian,  and  mother  of  Madlle. 
Clementina  Soullicr,  of  Astley's  Amphitheatre, 
and  of  nine  other  children. 

At  York,  drowned  in  the  river  Ousc,  aged  M, 
Mr.  Fred.  Stocken,  only  son  of  Mr.  Stockcn,  of 
llalkin-st.  and  Wilton-pl.  Ixmdon. 

At  Tunbridge  Wells,  Frances-Mellish,  wife  of 
Lfent.-Ocn.  Martin  White,  Ben^l  Establishment. 

Sept.  19.  At  Alvcston,  Warw.  Charles  Harding, 
esq.  late  of  the  Bengal  Civil  Service.  He  was  ap- 
pointed a  writer  in  1809. 

In  Notflngham-terr.  Regent's-park,  aged  64, 
EHzabeth-Alicc,  widow  of  Jiohir  Jennings,  e8»|. 

At  Brighton,  aged  71,  William  ManfleM,  esq. 

At  Liverpool,  Maria,  wife  of  Mr.  Edward  Put- 
land,  formerly  of  Wlllingdon,  Sussex,  and  sister 
of  the  late  John  Hitchins,  eso.  of  Brighton. 

At  RIngwood,  Jane,  eldest  dan.  of  the  Ute  George 
Rcade,  esq.  of  Alderholt-park,  Dorset. 

At  Winchester,  MmJct  George  Pitt  Rose,  son  of 
the  Right  Hon.  9k  George  Henry  Rose.    Be  Wii 


made  Captahi  ui  the  9th  Light  Dragoons  in  1826, 
and  was  placed  on  half-pay  In  1837. 

At  Oxford,  aged  20,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  Rer. 
James  Rumsey,  M.A.  of  Pembroke  college. 

At  Tenterden,  aged  85,  Sarah,  widow  of  Thos. 
Trevillon,  esq.  formerly  of  Hythe. 

At  Bishop's  Stortford,  Herts,  aged  74,  Frederick 
Van  der  Meulen,  esq. 

At  Eostry  Court,  Kent,  aged  39,  Capt.  John 
Allen  Wade,  of  the  Woolwich  divUdon  of  Royal 
Marihes,  second  son  of  the  late  Lleut.-Col.  Wade, 
of  the  Rifle  Brigade. 

Sept.  20.  At  Woking,  Surrey,  aged  72,  Mrs. 
Sarah  Beck. 

At  Hythe,  Kent,  Jane  DnfT,  wife  of  Thomas 
Denne,  esq.  and  third  dan.  of  the  late  John  Fal- 
conar,  esq.  Consul  of  Leghorn. 

At  Waterfoot,  UUsiK-ateT,  Pataricia,  youngest  dan. 
of  Capt.  Macdonald,  of  Sandside. 

At  Wonersh,  Surrey,  aged  66,  Sarah,  widow  of 
Richard  Sparkcs,  e»q. 

At  Blundeston,  near  Lowestoft,  aged  86,  Charles 
William  Henry  Steward,  esq.  late  of  the  8rd 
Light  Dragoons.  He  was  the  son  of  Ambrose 
Harbord  Steward,  esq.  of  Stoke  Park,  Suffolk,  by 
his  second  wife  Sarah-Frances  dau.  of  John 
Bleaden,  esq.  of  Stoke  Hall.  He  married  Anne, 
dau.  of  Col.  Nnttall  Green,  of  the  18th  Hnzsars, 
and  had  issue. 

j8^.  21.  At  Norbiton,  near  Kingston-on- 
Thames,  Charles  Bell,  esq.  M.D. 

At  Pisa,  Catlierine-Emily,  dau.  of  the  late 
Lient.-Col.  D'AguiUu*.  Hon.  E.I.  C.  Service. 

Aged  60,  Thomas  Dykes,  esq.  oldest  son  of  the 
late  Itev.  Thomas  Dykes,  LL.B.  of  Hull. 

Aged  88,  Mr.  W.  Hiscock,  one  of  the  oldest  bur- 
gesses of  the  borough  of  Chrbtehnrch,  and  finr 
sixty  years  organist  of  the  priorr  church. 

At  Newark,  Notts,  aged  88,  William-Dickinson, 
eldest  son  of  J.  P.  Lacy,  esq. 

While  on  a  visit  to  her  niece,  at  Middleton,  Suf- 
folk, aged  70,  Amelia  Parratt,  of  Momfaigtoii-pl. 
London,  relict  of  James  Parratt,  esq.  of  Mounts. 
Grosvenor-sq. 

At  Northstead,  aged  21 ,  Richard-Cooper,  young- 
est son  of  John  Skeggs,  taq.  of  Lewiaham,  Kent. 

At  Yarmouth,  I.W.  aged  77,  Elixabeth-Manr, 
wife  of  Capt.  Sir  William  Svmonds,  R.N.  Kt.,  G.B., 
F.R.S.  She  was  eldest  dan.  of  the  late  Adm. 
Philip  Carteret,  of  Trinity  Uaxiar  House,  Jersey, 
and  sister  to  the  late  Sir  Philip  Carteret  Silvester, 
Bart.  R.N.  She  became  the  second  w^  of  Sir 
William  Symonds  in  1818. 

At  Cionshhre,  co.  Limerick,  aged  42,  WnUam 
Dickson  Watson,  esq.  youngest  son  of  the  late 
A.  Watson,  esq.  J.P. 

At  Cockington,  aged  59,  Comm.  Jacob  Lej 
Young,  R.N.  He  entered  the  Navy  in  1808  aa 
volunteer  in  the  Bhuicho  44,  Capt.  Mndge,  which 
was  captured  in  Jnly  1806  br  La  Topate.  Having 
n^ined  his  liber^  in  the  following  Nov.  he  ac- 
companied Capt.  Mfudge  Into  the  Phoenix  86,  and 
was  employed  on  the  French  and  Spanish  coasta 
untU  Oct.  1808.  He  was  made  Uent  1818,  and 
was  employed  altogether  on  full  pay  for  81  years. 
He  was  made  Commander  in  1847. 

Sept.  22.  At  Worthing,  aged  21,  Jane,  youngest 
daughter  of  Dr.  Addams,  D.C.L. 

M  Guy  UarUnss,  Chelmsfotrd,  John  Carr  Bade- 
ley,  esq.  MJD.  FeUow  of  the  College  of  Physldana. 
To  relieve  the  pain  caused  by  a  severe  attack  of 
toothache,  he  partook  of  some  morphia,  which  pro- 
duced apoplexy.  Verdict,  **A(^dentaI  Deatti.'* 
Dr.  Badeley  was  brother  to  the  eminent  banMar, 
and  leaves  a  numerous  flnnlly.  His  recent  woric 
*'  On  the  reciprocal  Agencies  of  Mind  and  Matter," 
was  reviewed  In  our  last  number. 

At  Leamtogton,  Maler  Thomas  Champ,  late  48d 
Llf bt  Inf. 

At  nammersmitta,  at  a  very  advanced  age,  Itof, 
widow  of  G.  H.  Chipp,  esq.  of  Parke,  Defoo, 
barrister  -  at  -  hiw,  and  Bencher  of  the  Middle 
Temple. 

At  CHfton,  aged  90,  WilHam  Lamhert  OoM,  e( 


556 


Obituary. 


[Nov. 


Jesn-*  collojcrc,  Cmiil),  eldest  wn  of  tlie  Kev.  S.  W. 
Cobb,  Rc.-tor  of  Ightluun,  Kent. 

At  Hurj'  St.  E<hnund'8,  aged  75,  Elizabeth,  relict 
of  Charles  CoUett,  csti.  of  Walton,  Siiflfolk. 

At  Aswarby  Park,  Line,  l^dy  Sophia,  wife  of 
the  Hon.  W.*  C.  Evans  Freke,  brother  to  liord 
Carliory  ;  and  sister  to  the  Earl  of  Ilarltorough. 
She  was  the  third  dau.  of  rhili])  tifth  Vat\  of  Uar- 
lH)ronifh,  by  EU-anor,  youngest  dau.  of  Colonel  the 
iron.  John  Monckton.  She  was  married  flrst  in 
1812  to  Sir  Thoinas  Whichcote,  IJart.  who  died  in 
iH'iy,  leavnig  is.s>ie  the  present  Sir  Thomas,  one 
other  son,  and  one  daughter;  and  secondly,  in 
1840,  to  Mr.  Freke. 

At  3Iaida-hill,  aged  82,  .Uihn  George  Ginger, 
ewi.  late  of  II  M.  Stationery  Offlce. 

At  Clevedon,  age<l  3-i,  Mariii-Carrington,  wife  of 
the  Uev.  IIerl»crt  Gowcr. 

At  lleworth  Moor,  near  York,  aged  82,  Wm. 
Greive,  fc*q.  Deputy  Commissary  (?t;n.  formerly  of 
Sunsome  Seal  House,  near  Berwick-upon-Tweed. 

At  Camlwltown,  Argyleshire,  N.H.  aged  71, 
Anne,  relict  of  E.  II.  T.  Ilcarl,  cs<i.  of  the  21»t 
Light  Drag(M)ns,  and  dau.  of  the  late  .James  Gar- 
den, es(i.  of  Nenagh,co.  of  Tipinsrary,  and  niece  of 
Major  Garden,  who  fell  at  Bunker's  Hill,  and  of 
Cai»t. ('arden,  who  jierished  ut  Enniscorthy  in  I7iw. 

At  Uarcclona,  Mr.  George  Hughes,  only  son  of 
George  Hughes,  esq.  of  L'i)i)er  Deal,  midshipman 
of  H.M.S.  Albion.  In  the  discharge  of  his  duty  in 
the  foretop  ho  was  struck  by  a  heavy  sail,  which 
swept  him  (mt  of  the  top  on  to  the  deck,  where 
he  expired  shortly  from  the  injuries  received. 

At  Penshurst,  aged  18,  Cox  Majrnc,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  Richard  Ma>'nc,  cmi.  of  New-street,  Sjiring- 
gardens. 

At  Gravesend,  aged  73,  Marion,  widow  of  Adam 
Park,  esq.  surgeon. 

Nuncy,  wife  of  John  de  Pincro,  esq.  of  South-sq. 
Gray's-inn. 

At  Sidbury,  aged  79,  Sarah,  \^idow  of  Sir  John 
Wilmot  Prideaux,  Bart. 

At  Brightcm,  aged  83,  John  Henry  Powell 
Schneider,  es<i. 

At  Brigliton,  Sarah-ElizalKJth,  wife  of  E.  V. 
Utterson,  es«i.  of  Beldorine  Tower,  T{y<le,  I.W. 

At  Bradtleld  Hall,  near  Bury  St.  Edmund's, 
aged  84,  Marv,  dau.  of  the  late  Arthur  Young,  esq. 

iifj>t.  23.  At  Lille,  aged  23,  Charles,  third  son 
of  P.  Boyer,  esq. 

At  Heavitroe,  Mary,  relict  of  James  Norris 
Brewer,  es<i.  formerly  of  I*il]aton-housc,  Warw. 
and  of  Jersey ;  and  one  of  the  authors  of  *•  The 
Beauties  of  England  and  Wales." 

Aged  78,  Caisar  Bruno,  es<i.  of  Euston-villa, 
Hawley-road,  Kentish-t<>wn. 

Aged  42,  Lieut. -Col.  Henry  S.  Davis,  late  52nd 
Begt.  Light  Infantry. 

in  Upper  Scymour-st.  Maria,  second  dau.  of  tlic 
late  Stephen  Howell  I'hilliiw,  e»4i.  and  widow  fin»t 
of  Jame.s  Drew,  of  Clifton,  cstj.  and  afterwards  of 
Capt.  B<)1)crt  Harvey,  of  Cadogan-pl. 

At  Widthamstow,  jige<l  M,  Eliza-Anne,  widow 
of  Henry  Luca.s,  es<i.  of  Ne^^'port  Pagiiel. 

In  York-st.  Portman-wi.  aged  89,  Eliza1>cth, 
witlow  of  Major-(Jen.  Sir  Tlios.  Bligh  St.  George, 
C.B.,  K.C.H.  who  died  Nov.  0,  1830  (see  our 
vol.  VII.  p.  320). 

At  Arthurlie  House,  Barrhead,  James  Stephen, 
c.V|.  late  of  Singaitore. 

At  St.  John's  Woo<l,  PhaOKJ-Katharine,  wife  of 
S.  Tarrant,  cs(|.  and  sister  of  Mrs.  Harraden,  of 
Cambridge. 

At  Kingwo<Kl,  aged  r>7,  ihomas  Wills,  esq.  of 
Shaston  St.  Jumes,  Dorsetshire. 

iiei>t.  24.  Aged  79,  Captain  Atkins,  of  inait- 
ford,  Wilts. 

At  Stwkholm,  aged  69,  Mr.  Wilhelm  Benedicts, 
a  lartner  in  the  banking-house  of  Mickaelson  and 
Benedicts.  He  was  the  largest  landed  proprietor 
in  Sweden,  and  it  is  said  he  has  left  a  fortune  of 
eighteen  millions. 

At  Chudleigh,  agcnl  72.  Colonel  Thomas  Alston 
Brandreth,  C.B.  of  the  Koyal  Artillcr}'.    Ho  re- 


ceived his  commission  as  Second  Lieut.  July  19, 
1797,  and  hail  spent  fifty  }'ears  in  active  service. 
He  serve<l  at  the  blockade  of  ^laltain  IBOO ;  at  the 
bomltardment  of  Havrc-de-<iracc  in  1803 ;  the 
Corunna  campaign ;  on  the  expedition  to  Wal- 
chen'u  and  siege  of  I-lusldng ;  and  was  preNent  at 
the  IVninsular  campaigns  from  Sei>t.  1K13,  to  the 
end  of  the  war  in  1814,  including  the  battles  of 
the  PjTenees,  Nivello,  uud  Toulouse.  He  had  re- 
ceived tlie  gold  medal  and  one  clasi>. 

At  Kensington,  Anna,  relict  of  Lleat.-GoI.  Ro- 
licrt  Campliell,  of  the  Bombay  Army. 

In  Westboume-pl.  aged  1ft,  Agatha-lTargaret- 
Helen,  second  dau.  of  Patrick  Cruikshank,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  r»7,  Hannah-Mary,  relict  of 
John  Mansfield,  es<|.  of  Birstead-hoose,  vo.  Leic. 

At  Bum  Butts,  near  Driffield,  aged  84,  Hartha, 
relict  of  Wm.  Moore,  esq.  and  the  last  ■iirTi\inK 
dau.  of  the  hitc  George  Blansliard,  eaq.  of  Thorite, 
near  Howdcu. 

Age<l  67,  Captain  Goldw)-cr  MuAton,  of  Ilam- 
mersmith,  a  captidn  on  tlic  retired  Bat  of  1840. 

At  Worthing,  Wm.  Henry  Pigott,  esq.  youngeat 
son  of  the  late  Adm.  James  Pigott. 

At  Richmond,  Surrey,  aged  74,  William  Scoonea, 
esq.  of  Tonbriilgc,  Kent. 

In  Bracondale,  Norwich,  Hiss  Scwell,  lato  of 
Highbury-Ill.  Islington. 

AgcHl  64,  Pennock  Tigar,  esq.  Mayor  of  Dorerlej. 
He  was  buried  in  St.  Mary's  Church. 

At  the  residence  of  her  son,  John  Robert  Thorn* 
son,  esq.  Sussex-sqiuu^,  Hyde-park,  aged  87,  Un, 
Thomson,  lato  of  Cheltenluun. 

Aged  70,  Dr.  Tlionuis  Wingard,  ArchUahop  of 
Ujisal  and  lYimate  of  Sweden.  He  had  for  nine 
years  occupied  the  chair  of  Sacred  Fhil(dogy  at 
the  University  of  Lund,  when  in  1819  he  suc- 
ceeded his  father  in  the  see  of  Gfithcborg.  In 
1839  he  was  promoted  to  the  archUshoprlc  of  Up- 
sala.  In  483<'>  he  assisted  in  tlie  establishment  of 
the  Swedish  Mis.Hionary  Society,  on  which  occa- 
sion he  frateniizcd  iKith  the  Methodists  at  Stock- 
holm. He  also  a<ldres8cd  a  letter  to  the  Evan- 
gelical Alliance,  at  its  last  meeting,  r^cretting  his 
inability  to  attend.  He  haa  left  to  the  University  of 
Upsal  his  library,  consisting  of  upwards  of  S4,000 
volumes,  and  his  rk^h  collections  of  coins  and 
me<lals,  and  of  Scandinavian  antiquities.  This 
is  the  fourth  library  bequeathed  to  the  University 
of  Upsal  Mithin  the  space  of  a  year,  adding  to  Ita 
bookshelves  no  fewer  than  115,000  volumes.  The 
entire  numl>er  of  volumes  possessed  by  the  Uni- 
versity is  now  said  to  be  2H8,000, 11,000  of  these 
iKsIng  in  manuscript. 

Sfpt.  25.  At  llfracombc,  aged  Gl,  CaroUae, 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Hugh  Atkins,  esq. 

At  Islington,  aged  76,  Aim,  relict  of  Jchn  Tn- 
dcrick  Bcland,  esq. 

Aged  63,  in  the  accident  ward  of  St.  Thooiasfs 
Hospital,  from  ii\Juries  received  by  bdng  ma 
over  by  a  waggon  in  Princc's-st.  CamhlU,  Mr. 
Francis  Field,  of  the  Bonk  of  En^and,  and  ti 
Dalston. 

At  the  residence  of  R.  Moore,  esq.  West  Ooker, 
Somerset,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Jekyll,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
G.  Jekyll,  Rector  of  that  jiariidi  for  upwards  of 
40  years. 

In  Upper  Seymour-st.  Maria- Anne,  wife  of  Wal- 
ter James  M*(rrcgor,  esq.  Iwrrister-at-law. 

At  Dover,  aged  29,  Marianne,  second  dau.  of 
Thomas  Pain,  esq.  Registrar  of  the  Cinque  Ports. 

At  Bi^hop'8  Sutton,  near  Alreaford,  Hants, 
Michael  Rivers,  esq. 

At  High  Ham,  Somerset,  at  the  resMenec  of  her 
son  the  Rev.  James  Roe,  Catherine-Sarah,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Roe,  Rector  of  Kirby-on-B«la, 
Line,  and  dau.  of  Capt.  John  Elphln^ooe,  B.1I. 
Admiral  in  the  senice  of  Russia. 

At  Acomb,  aged  67,  Edwin  Smith,  eaq.  of 
Acomb,  formerly  of  Roundhay,  near  Leeds,  and  for 
many  years  a  Mafj^strate  for  the  Wei<  Riding  of 
Yorkshire.  He  took  an  active  part  In  the  ma- 
nagement of  several  of  the  puUlc  instltntloiis  of 
his  neighlioiirhood.    In  the  yean  l8S4-3ft-96,  he. 


y 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


557 


accompanied  by  Mrs.  Smith,  made  an  extensive 
tour  in  the  East,  passing  ttirougli  Egypt  and 
S>Tia,  and  >isiting  tlie  ruins  of  Palmyra. 

At  Port  Looe,  Cornwall,  Capt.  Gliaries  Walcott, 
K.N.  He  was  one  of  the  sons  of  John  Walcott 
Sympson,  es<i.  of  Winkton,  Hants,  and  brother  to 
Capt.  John  Edw.  Walcott,  K.N.  He  entered  the 
navy  in  1810,  on  board  the  Menehtns  38,  Capt.  Su: 
Peter  Parker ;  was  removed  to  the  Ucbrus  3G,  and 
was  present  at  the  bombardment  of  Algiers.  In 
Feb.  1819  he  was  appointed  Acting-Lieutenant  of 
the  Conflance  18  ;  in  182.'>  to  the  Warspite  76 ;  in 
182G  to  the  Cliampion  18;  and  in  1831  to  the 
Asia  84.  In  1834  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Commander ;  and  firom  March  1838  to  Jan.  184G 
he  was  employed  on  the  Coast  Guard.  At  the 
latter  date  he  was  made  Poet  Captain. 

Sept.  26.  In  St.  (Jeorge's-j)!.  Uyde-park-comer, 
James  Hill  Albony,  esq. 

At  Southampton,  of  apoplexy,  aged  61,  Lieut. 
John  Davies,  K.N.  who  was  about  to  go  in  charge 
of  the  Brazilian  mails.  He  entered  the  navy  In 
1804,  as  volunteer  on  board  the  Thisbe ;  was  pro- 
moted to  Lieut.  18 L"),  and  to  the  command  of  the 
Wickham  revenue  cutter  in  1839.  He  was  for  some 
years  on  the  Coast  Cluard,  and  haa  been  employed 
as  Admiralty  agent  of  mails  ttom.  Nov.  1844. 

At  Mossiields,  Whitchurch,  Salop,  aged  56, 
George  Harper,  esq. 

At  Menaifron,  Anglesey,  aged  75,  Jane,  relict 
of  John  Wynn  Hughes,  es(|.  of  Tre£ui,  co.'Gar- 
nan-on. 

At  Keswick,  Cumberland,  Stephen  St.  Peter, 
only  son  of  Thomas  Langton,  esq.  of  Teeton  House. 

At  Brighton,  aged  34,  Robert  Deverell  Pyper, 
esq.  M.D. 

James  Yeomans,  esq.  of  Wanstead,  Eaaex,  and 
Goodman's-flelds,  London. 

Sept.  27.  At  Upper  CUpton,  aged  86,  Thomas 
Bros,  esq.  late  of  the  Bank  of  England. 

At  Athlone,  aged  68,  Capt.  Robert  BInntiali, 
Pa}-ma8ter  of  the  9th  Foot  fh>m  1809.  He  served 
with  the  regiment  at  the  Mauritius,  and  afterwards 
in  Bengal ;  was  witli  it  in  the  campaign  in  Aff- 
ghonistan  in  1842,  and  in  tlie  SutleJ  campaign  in 
1845-6,  including  the  battles  of  Moodkee,  Feroze- 
.shah,  and  Sobraon. 

At  PimUco,  aged  88,  Mary,  widow  of  Richard 
Bushell,  esq. 

At  Brompton,  Ann,  wife  of  William  Hanson, 
esq.  of  Stamford-st.  Blackfrian,  and  dan.  of  the 
late  Kev.  Robert  Colvin,  D.D.  Minister  of  John- 
htone,  Dumfrics-shire. 

At  Burley  Grove,  near  Leeds  (the  residence  of 
Iter  brother),  Jane,  last  surviving  dau.  of  the  late 
Thomas  Harle,  esii.  solicitor,  formerly  of  York. 

At  Pentonville,  aged  73,  Thomas  Julians,  esq. 
Chief  of  the  Surveying  General  Examiners'  Office, 
Inland  Revenue,  after  a  service  of  upwards  of 
50  years. 

In  Tavi.stock-.sq.  aged  15,  Lucy  Mary  Lawrence, 
niece  of  Mr.  Alderman  Lawrence. 

At  Aim-mount,  Cork,  the  residence  of  Marshall 
Ciuuiuins,  esq.  Major  Henry  William  Leacock,  late 
of  the  74th  Bengal  Native  Inf.  and  eldest  son  of 
the  late  William  Leacock,  esq. 

At  Arthurstone,  Perthsliire,  Susan,  wife  of  Pa- 
trick Murray,  es<i.  of  Arthurstone. 

At  the  residence  of  his  fHend  W.  F.  Hopklna, 
esq.  Surbiton-hill,  Surrey,  Charles  Julius  Roberts, 
esq.  M.D.  of  Bridge-st.  BlacklHars. 

At  Sands,  near  Sedgefleld,  aged  67,  Richard 
Wright,  esq.  for  many  years  a  magistrate  for  the 
coimty  of  Durham. 

Sept.  28.  At  Theobalds,  Herts,  aged  36,  John 
Meek  Britten,  e.nq. 

At  St.  Barnabas'  Parsonage,  Bristol,  aged  61, 
Lavinia,  eldest  sister  of  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Coles. 

In  Montague-st.  Montague-s(i.  Samuel  Durham, 
esq.  late  of  the  E.I.C.'s  service. 

At  Exeter,  aged  62,  Mr.  William  Frost,  a  self- 
tiiught  watchmaker,  who  was  originally  a  stable- 
l>oy,  euiployet)  on  tlie  mail-coach  establishment. 
He  liad    recently  repaired  a  complicated  clock 


made  by  Jacob  Lovehiee,  at  Exeter,  and  had  at- 
tended on  its  exhibition  in  the  CiTBtal  Palace. 

At  Bonlogne-sur-Mer,  aged  61,  li^Jor  Alexander 
Gordon,  late  of  the  Madras  army,  firom  which  he 
retired  in  1832. 

At  Southampton,  aged  82,  Charles  ffilgrove 
Hammond,  esq. 

At  Liverpool,  aged  71,  Arnold  Harrison,  esq. 

At  Offliam,  Sussex,  aged  83,  Penelope-Ann, 
widow  of  Thomas  Partington,  esq. 

At  Hillsborough,  near  Roscrea,  the  residence  of 
her  brother-in-law  Henry  Buckley,  esq.  Hiss 
Rachel  Pemberton. 

At  Brighton,  aged  72,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Thomas 
Piper,  esq.  of  Denmark-hill. 
-  At  Brighton,  aged  76,  Jacob  Foster  Reynolds,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  70,  Thomas  Lowrey  Skef- 
ton.  Assistant  Commissary  General. 

At  Bothwell,  aged  16,  Olivia-Catherine,  dau.  of 
William  Sthrling,  esq.  Kenmnre  House. 

^8^.  29.  At  Grazeley  Lodge,  near  Reading, 
Emilie,  fourth  dau.  of  the  Uite  Michael  Barstow, 
esq.  of  Fulford,  near  York. 

At  Gorleston,  Great  Yarmouth,  aged  68,  John 
Sayers  Bell,  esq. 

At  Paris,  aged  59,  Godfrey  Bhmd,  esq. 

Aged  25,  Fredric  Hargraue,  esq.  of  Newgat8-«t. 
City,  and  Queen's-row,  Walworth,  son  of  ttie  late 
WiUiam  Henry  Hargraue,  esq.  of  Hillbrook,  Corn- 
wall, and  grandson  of  the  late  William  Henry 
Hargraue,  esq.  of  Upper  Holloway,  Middlesex. 

In  Notthig-hiU-terr.  aged  67,  Hen.  Lazenby,  esq. 

At  BUckheath,  aged  71 ,  Margaret,  widow  of  Star 
Henry  Nelthorpe,  of  Scawby,  LlncohuUre,  the 
7th  Baronet ;  she  was  the  dau.  of  James  Duthie, 
esq.  of  Stirlingshire,  was  married  hi  1807,  and 
left  a  widow  without  issue  in  1830. 

Mr.  Ingle  Rudge,  a  stockbroker,  who  committed 
suicide  at  the  counting-house  or  Mr.  Bouth,  in 
Throgmorton-street.  The  members  of  the  Stock 
Exchange  have  subscribed  nearly  ICOtt.  tat  YOm 
widow  and  children. 

At  Leytonstone-^illas,  Stratford,  aged  76,  Major 
Thomas  Sherman,  hite  Royal  Marines. 

Aged  56,  Caroline-Sarali,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henir 
Torre,  Rector  of  ThomliiU,  Yorkshhre. 

8^.  30.  At  Sontligate-house,  Chichester,  aged 
65,  C.  C.  Dendy,  esq.  late  of  the  banking  firm  o( 
Messrs.  Comper,  Dendy,  Gruggen,  and  Gomper, 
Chichester. 

Of  declhie,  Louisa-Georgina,  second  dau.  of  Sir 
Francis  Desanges. 

At  Addiscombe,  Mary-Anne,  wife  of  Frederick 
Mildred,  esq.  second  dau.  of  John  W.  Hicks,  eeq. 
of  Lansdown- crescent,  Bath. 

At  Dittisham,  wliilc  on  a  visit,  aged  79,  Marga- 
ret, relict  of  The  O'Drlscoll,  late  of  the  Carberrys, 
Ireland. 

At  Leicester,  aged  71,  Mary,  relict  of  Aiiyutant 
Thorpe,  of  the  Leicestershhre  Militia. 

At  Thorp-le-Soken,  aged  30,  Amelia-Eleanor, 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  John  Tills,  esq.  of  Hock- 
ley-hall,  Frating,  Essex. 

Lately.  Mrs.  >hidhiy,  relict  of  Mr.  Robert  Find- 
lay,  of  the  Excise,  Greenock,  one  of  the  very  few 
persons  surviving  to  our  own  times,  who  inti- 
mately knew  Robert  Bums,  the  peasant  hard,  in 
tlie  first  flush  of  his  genius  and  manhood,  and  by 
whom  her  name  and  charms  have  been  wedded  to 
immortal  verse.  Sixty-flve  years  have  elapeed 
since  Boms  wrote  the  lines  in  which  this  lad^to 
noticed;  and  of  the  six  **  Manchline  belles**  who 
were  then  in  the  pride  of  opening  womanhood, 
two  still  survive.  The  fate  in  life  of  the  six  belles 
was  as  Ibllows :— Miss  Helen  MDIer,  the  first- 
named,  became  the  wife  of  Bnms*s  friend.  Dr. 
Mackenzie,  a  medical  gentleman  hi  MaochUne, 
Utterly  in  Irvhie ;  Miss  Markland  was  the  lady 
now  deceased ;  Miss  Jean  Smith  was  married  to 
Mr.  Candlish,  a  sucoessfta  teacher  in  Edinbori^, 
and  became  Uie  mother  of  the  eminent  divine ; 
Miss  Betty  (Miller)  became  the  wife  of  Mr.  Tem- 
plcton,  in  Manchlfaie ;  and  Miss  Morton  married 
Mr.  Patterson, cloth-merchant  in  the  same  ffflate. 


658 


Obituary. 


[Nov. 


Of  the  &to  and  hlstor>'  of  "  Bonnie  Jean  **  (Ar- 
mour) we  need  not  speak.  The  survivors  arc  Mrs. 
rattcrson  und  Mrs.  Candlteh  .—5corruft  Prtu. 

Aged  77,  Mr.  Thonins  Hale,  farmer,  of  Greet, 
near  Winchcombe,  (Jlouc.  The  deceased  M'a« 
formerly  in  poor  circum.«itancc« ;  hut,  a  conslde- 
rahlc  sum  having  Injcn  left  to  him  by  some  maiden 
ladies,  his  praspects  underwent  a  elmngc  for  tlie 
better,  and  by  indu^itrious  and  careful  liabit.s  he 
managed  to  ui'cnnmlate  a  large  fortune,  dying 
worth  more  than  100,000/.  He  was  unable  to  read 
and  Avrite,  and  such  wa.s  liLi  lore  for  the  .••Inning 
metal  that  he  was  imhappy  when  in  possession  of 
bank  notes,  until  he  turned  them  into  gold ;  at 
his  death  iKjtwecn  1(7,000/.  and  20,000/.  in  money 
was  in  his  house. 

At  Hammersmith,  Anna-Koblna,  elde.st  dan.  of 
the  late  C>en.  James  Kerr,  of  the  Hon.  K.I.C.S. 

Aged  00,  Mr.  Harding,  of  Schombcrg  House, 
Pall  Mall,  where  he  succeeded  Messrs.  I)yde  and 
Scri1)e,  who  establishe<l  the  business  of  milliners 
and  ha1)erdiLshens  there,  aliont  tlie  year  1760.  Mr. 
Harding  was  patronized  by  (Jueen  Charlotte  and 
the  danghtcrs  of  CJeorge  III.  Mr.  Howell,  of  Re- 
gent-street, was  for  a  time  his  ])artuer. 

At  Fyuone,  nciir  Swansea,  nged  40,  Wm.  Wal- 
ters, CfMi.  In  conjunction  with  his  father,  Mr.  T. 
Walters,  he  was  extensively  conneete<l  with  the 
collieries  of  the  district  and  the  trade  of  the  ])ort, 
and  displayed  great  talent  and  nnich  public  spirit 
in  the  i>ros<;cutlon  of  various  undertakings.  He 
was  a  proprietarj'  trustee  of  the  harbour. 

Oct.  1.  At  Sliaftejjbury,  nged  78,  Edward  Bur- 
rldgc,  esfi. 

At  Walsingham,  Norfolk,  Jaue,  wife  of  the  Kev. 
J.  D.  Crofts,  M.A.  Vicar  of  Houghton. 

At  the  Uoyal  Huspltal,  Chelsea,  aged  7-'>,  the 
relict  of  MiOor  Kbhart,  late  of  H.M.  72d  Kcgt.  and 
dau.  of  tlio  late  Hon.  and  i;ev.  FranciN  Knolli^,  of 
Btirford,  Oxon. 

At  Cheltenham,  Emma-Amelia,  dau.  of  Augus- 
tus Eves,  M.D.  and  r.lJ.C.S. 

At  Balham-hill,  Surrey,  ageil  77,  Davlil  Smiho 
Hewson,  esti. 

At  Wykeham  Abbey,  Yorkshire,  age<l  7-1,  llic 
Hon.  Maxmaduko  Langley,  uncle  to  Lonl  Viscunnt 
Downc.  He  was  a  younger  son  of  Jolin  the  4tli 
Viscount,  by  Lora,  only  dau.  and  heir  of  Wm. 
Burton,  esq.  of  Luffcnham,  liuthmd  ;  and  brother 
to  the  Hfth  and  sixth  ViscoimtA.  He  as-sunied  tlie 
name  and  arms  of  Lanirlcy  by  royal  sign  manual 
in  1824,  on  succeeding  by  be<iucst  to  tliu  estates  of 
tho  Hon.  Mrs.  T^ngley.  Dying  unmarried,  he  is 
succeeded  in  his  estate»  by  i^ird  J)<»\vnc. 

Mr.  Henry  .JoIin.»on,  for  nnmy  years  tlie  Super- 
intendent of  the  lioyal  Pleasure -garden  •«,  Hamp- 
ton-court. 

At  Woolwich,  agi!<l  41,  Jane,  wife  of  .liiuies  P. 
Poake,  es<i.  of  H.M.  Dockyanl,  and  eldest  dau.  of 
the  late  CJcorge  Eden,  e.'(i. 

In  Jleckleiiburgh-^i.  ngc-d  t>n,  TJiomas  Edward 
Sherwooil,  esq. 

Aged  23,  Louisa,  2nd  dau.  of  (he  ISev.  C.  M. 
Torlessc,  Vicar  of  Stoke  by  Naylaiid. 

Oct.  2.  At  Cheltenham,  at  an  advanced  age, 
John  Baron,  M.D.  T.R.S.  Dr.  Baron  was  an  inti- 
mate friend  of  the  late  Dr.  Jenner,  and  Avas  the 
autlior  of  im  elalKirate  biogra)>hy  of  that  distin- 
gidshed  philanthropist,  pubiislte<l  in  two  volumes 
some  years  ago. 

At  Bury  St.  Edmund's,  T^ura,  youngest  dau.  of 
the  late  S.  Barrow,  esq.  of  Honingion,  SulTolk. 

At  Brighton,  aged  77,  Mary-Anne,  relict  of 
John  Bethune,  es<i. 

At  Ix?ytonstone,  nged  7'),  John  Cluidscy,  csq. 
many  years  an  Inhabitant  of  tlic  ward  of  Castle 
Buymird. 

At  Ncwca.stIo,  StalTonUhire,  Cornelia,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  Alexander  Cridlnnd. 

At  Maldnn,  Harriot,  relict  of  Tlmmas  Dyke,  esq. 
late  of  Brighton,  and  formerly  of  Aldersgnte-st. 

At  Basildon,  Iterks,  Louisa,  widow  of  Lord 
Douglas  Hallybnrton,  bmther  to  tho  Marquess  of 
Huntly.    She  was  the  only  child  of  the  lato  Sir 


Edward  Leslie,  Bart,  wu  mirricd  in  1807,  and 
left  a  widow  in  184  L 

Aged  63,  Soi)lila,  relict  of  Henrj  Kincald,  esq. 
of  Cranbrook,  Kent,  solicitor. 

Aged  25,  Tliomas  George  Micklem,  oldest  son  of 
Nath.  Micklem,  ewi.  of  Kose-liill,  Horleyt  Berks. 

At  StatcnlK)rough-hou.w,  near  Sandwich,  Uo- 
Iwrta,  \*1fe  of  Capt.  fleorge  Sayer,  K.N. 

At  North  Walsham,  ngwl  73,  Harriet,  widow  of 
Capt.  John  Simpson,  R.M. 

fM,  3.  At  Chelsea,  aged  G4,  Elizabeth,  irlfb  of 
Richard  Bamlicr,  esq.  late  of  Broadwater,  Snaiex. 

In  Tpper  Chorlotte-st.  Fltzroy-sq.  suddenly, 
aged  70,  Mrs.  Elixflbeth  De  Rippe. 

At  Ramsgate.  aged  08,  Somuel  Gibho.  esq. 

At  Stamfonl-idll,  need  81,  Mango  CHimore,  esq. 

At  Aketon-hall,  Yorksliire,  ti^seA  G6,  Arthur 
Heywood.  esq. 

Aged  21,  (jeorge-Kogers,  third  son  of  Charlet 
Howell,  es<i.  of  Enstlioume-terr.  Hyde-park. 

At  Brighton,  Syhia-Sophia  Hence,  eldest  datt. 
of  Haffez  Blence,  esq.  h.p.  32d  Regiment. 

In  Oxford -ten*.  Hyde-park,  aged  26,  ISlen-Ltn- 
tom,  wife  of  J.  L.  Arabin  Simmons,  Oipt.  R.E. 

At  Bayswater,  aged  (j4,  Mrs.  Thomaa,  wife  Of 
tho  Rev.  W.  Tliomas,  D.D. 

Oct.  4.  At  the  residence  of  hln  brother,  Qlou- 
coster-pl.  Portman-s(i.  Col.  William  Fnuier,  of 
BaUnakewan,  Kincardine,  N.B. 

At  Yorm,  aged  25,  Christiana,  cideat  and  onlj 
surviving  dau.  of  the  hite  W.  tiorbntt,  esq. 

At  Dover,  ag<?d  48,  Charlotte,  relict  of  the  Rer. 
Henry  KingsiuiU. 

At  bovkes,  aged  HM,  B.  Metliringham,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Somcrton. 

Aged  12,  John  Boatiion  Brockman,  cldeivt  aon 
of  John  Pryce,  esq.  of  Delredlcro,  Front,  Snaaex. 

At  ILiwkchureh  rcctor}*iaged  89,  Adelaide,  dau. 
of  the  Kev.  Dr.  James  Radge. 

At  Brighton,  John  Tomluie,  esq. 

Ort.  5.  Aged  41,  Henrr  Sadtler  Bru^re,  esq. 
lute  Miijor  43d  regt.  Light  Inf. 

In  her  (lOth  year,  Jane-Sarah,  wife  of  H.  N. 
Bnrroughes  esq.  H.P.  for  East  Norfolk.  She  was 
tlie  dau.  of^  the  late  Rev.  Dixon  Hoste,  Rector  of 
Tlttleshall-eum-Oud^ick  and  WcIHngham,  and 
sister  to  Sir  Wm.  Hostc,  Bart. ;  she  was  married 
In  18 IH,  and  leaves  Lwuc. 

At  Wilmliigton-iMi.  aged  .sm,  Henrv  Cooper,  esiq. 
upwanls  of  40  years  clerk  to  Lord  Campbell. 

At  the  nvtory,  Ewhnrst,  Sussex,  Anne-Franee»- 
I^nra,  youngest  iLin.  of  the  late  Rev.  Edmuxl 
Hawtrey,  Fellow  of  Eton,  and  sister  of  the  Rer. 
K.  C.  Ilawtrey,  D.D.  Master  of  Etim  .SchooL 

At  Exeter,  aged  (j4,  Mr.  .lames  Sonthwood,  tat 
many  years  foreman  of  the  works  at  Wfaidsor 
Castle  and  the  (jreat  Park  during  the  reign  of 
(Jeorge  IV. 

At  SouthiH>rt,  I^nc.  aged  79,  John  Samuel 
Turnley,  es<i.  formerly  of  Lumlietli,  Surrey. 

At  Darley  I>alc,  near  Matlock,  aged  44,  Arnie, 
wife  of  Adam  Wa^hlngton,  esq.  bonrMer-at-law, 
and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Mamiaduke  Prickett, 
(•r  Burlington,  esq..  She  won  marrtcd  in  1833, 
and  leaver  issue. 

At  Aylesbury,  aged  r^,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Abn- 
ham  Wing,  esq.  and  dau.  rif  the  late  Mr.  Godfrey, 
ofBeckRow.Mlldenhall. 

<fct.  G.  At  Pcckham,  Anne,  wifs  of  R.  Floicher, 
e!«q.  and  dau.  of  the  late  R.  31iles,e8q.  of  time  Oon* 
missariat,  and  Snrrcy-sq. 

Aged  0-1,  Sarah,  wife  of  Samuel  Judklns,  esq.  of 
St.  Olave's,  Southwark,  and  Upper  Tooting. 

At  Clanna,  (ilouc.  aged  G2,  Anne,  wife  of  the 
Hon.  William  M.  Noel.  She  wa^  the  onlNr  dan.  of 
the  late  JfKtcph  Yates,  esi|.  of  Sneed  nurk,  and 
was  marrie<l  In  1Hi7. 

OKt.  7.  In  Cnmbridge-tcrr.  njde-parkp  Xaiy, 
only  dan.  of  the  late  WUIIam  Bird,  eag. 

I'ho  wire  of  F.  E.  Rlatspiel,  eaq.  of  DonjtJrtjr-ie. 

At  Mlllards-hill  Hooae,  li^ome  Selwood,  agrd 
78,  Carolina- Amelia,  widow  of  Adm.  tba  Hon.  Sir 
Courtenar  Boyle.  She  wm  sister  of  tha  lata  Wv. 
Stephen  Foynts,  esq.  of  MMirham  House,  Bnrta. 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


559 


and  of  Cowdray  Park,  Su&tex ;  was  married  in 
1790,  and  left  a  widow  in  1844.  She  leaves  three 
Hom  and  two  daughters. 

At  Clifton,  Bristol,  a^l  42,  Charles  Frcilerick 
Cliffe,  esq.  editor  and  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
Crloucestersliire  Chronicle,  and  author  of  the 
Books  of  North  and  South  Wales. 

At  Cheat  ham-hill,  near  Manchester,  aged  GO, 
Jolm  Hill»es(i.  fourth  son  of  the  late  William  Hill, 
esq,  of  Acomb  Lodge,  near  York. 

At  Plympton,  aged  33,  Mr.  Andrew  Ruttcr,  son 
of  Thomas  Kutter,  esq.  surgeon,  of  Devonport. 

At  Danson,  Kent,  aged  40,  William  Matthew 
Smjrtli,  Mig'or  Bengal  Kngincers. 

In  Worthing,  Capt.  Newland  Uiehard  Tompkins, 
formerly  of  35th  Regt.  (1826).  lie  sened  at 
Waterloo;  and  retired  in  1830. 

Oct.  8.  In  Park -crescent,  Stockwell,  Margaret, 
wife  of  J.  P.  Anstice,esq. 

At  Clayland's-pl.  Clapham-road,  aged  79,  John 
Butler,  esq.  late  of  the  Bank  of  England. 

At  Winwick,  Lime.  Anne,  wife  of  R.  Cartwright, 
esq.  of  Bloomsbury-sq. 

Aged  57,  at  the  Manor-house,  Nechells,  near 
Birmingham,  Henry  Honuor  Cracklow,  esq. 

At  Shepton  Mallet,  aged  25,  Robert  Crucifix, 
esq.  surj^on,  leaving  a  widow,  to  whom  he  had 
t>een  united  only  a  few  months. 

At  Nottingham,  aged  74,  Mrs.  Fellows,  relict  of 
Elihu  Fellows,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  72,  Caroline,  wife  of  Richard 
Fisher,  esq.  of  Ilamilton -terrace,  St.  John's  Wood. 

At  Shepton  Mallet,  age<l  58,  James  Gilby,  esq. 

At  Pimlico,  agetl  23,  William-Pinckney,  third 
^^on  of  J.  H.  Glover,  es«i.  Librarian  to  the  C^een. 

At  Camden-town,  aged  03,  William  Heseltine, 
esq.  of  the  Stock  Exchange. 


At  West  Drayton,  Middx.  aged  82,  Margaret, 
wife  of  Capt.  Lowthian,  R.N. 

At  East  Heath  Lodge,  Berks,  John  Bei^amin, 
only  son  of  Sir  Benjamin  Smith. 

Oct.  9.  At  Perr>'\'ale,  near  Sydenham,  Kent, 
aged  41,  Joseph  Clayton  Bentley,  eaq.  tldrd  mm 
of  Greenwood  Bentley,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Brad- 
ford. 

At  the  house  of  her  uncle,  Charles  Cave,  eeg.  In 
Lowndes-st.  just  five  months  after  the  death  ef 
her  sister,  aged  21,  Rosalie-Creraldine,  younger 
dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  E.  C.  Cumberbatch. 

At  Dover,  aged  30,  Charles  Frith,  esq.  of  Park- 
village  West,  Regent's-park,  and  of  the  Inner  Tem- 
ple, barrister-at-law. 

Mr.  Alexander  Lee,  the  well-known  and  popn- 
ktr  ballad  composer.  He  was  connected,  as  a  mu- 
sical dhrector,  with  the  leading  London  theatres, 
and  at  one  period  was  the  lessee  of  Dmry  Lone 
Theatre,  in  conjimction  with  Captain  PolhiU.  He 
never  recovered  the  shock  of  his  wife's  death,  the 
late  Mrs.  Waylett,  some  months  back,  and  he 
died  in  adverse  circumstances. 

Oct.  10.  In  Grove-road,  St.  John*s  Wood,  aged 
41,  Frederick  Hodgson  Clarke,  esq.  barrister-«t- 
law,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Charles  Clarke,  eaq. 
of  Lincoln's-inn-fields. 

Oct.  11.  At  Hythe,  Kent,  aged  76,  Charles 
Fagge,  esq. 

At  Brighton,  aged  57,  Wm.  James  Ward,  esq.  of 
tlie  Elms,  Maidenliead. 

Oct.  12.  Aged  71,  Slingsby  Dnncmnbe,  eaq. 
youngest  and  last  surviving  son  of  the  late  Charlea 
Slingsby  Duncombe,  esq.  of  Duncombe  Park,  and 
uncle  of  Lord  Feversliam. 

At  Tunbridge,  aged  65,  Samnel  Beazley,  esq.  of 
Soho-sq.  and  Tunbridge  Castle,  Kent. 


TABLE  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 
{From  the  Returns  isiued  by  the  Registrar' Oenerai.) 


Deaths  Registered 

• 

Week 

ending 

1 

1 

1 

S  "S 

Saturday, 

Under  i  15  to 

60  and 

Age  not  '  Total. 

;    Males.    Femalet. 

PQ'S) 

27  . 

15. 

60. 

upwards,  specified. 

s 

Sept. 

460 

• 

308 

190     1      — 

958 

473 

485 

1484 

Oct. 

4  . 

463 

331 

210     1       10 

1014 

534 

480 

i  1429 

M 

11  . 

433  i     342 

174     !        4 

953 

494 

459     ' 

1415 

»l 

18  .        425  ;     367 

I             1 

184             5       ,     981 

1                      ! 

499 

i 

482     i 

1 

1443 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  Oct.  24. 

Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

Peas. 

8.    d. 

8.    d. 

8.    d. 

8,    d. 

t.    d. 

t.   d. 

36     0 

24     9 

17    0 

23    6 

27    6 

27    2 

PRICE  OP  HOPS,  Oct.  27. 

Sassex  Pockets,  5/.  %s.  to  6/.  Of.— Kent  Pockets,  6/.  6«.  to  7/.  lOff. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHPIELD,  Oct.  27. 

Hay,  21,  15«.  to  3/.  15f.— Straw,  1/.  1«.  to  1/.  8«.-*CloYer,  3/.  10«.  to  4/.  8#. 

SMITHFIELD,  Oct.  27.    To  sink  the  Offal-*per  stone  of  81bs. 


Beef 28,    6(/.  to  3«.  lOdf. 

Mutton" 2«.  lOd.  to4«.    2d. 

Veal 28.    8rf.  to  3#.  lOd. 

Pork 2*.  lOrf.  to3#.  lOd. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Oct.  27. 

Beasts 4,546   CalTCS  242 

Sheep  and  Lambs  24,870   Pigs      570 


COAL  MARKET,  Oct.  24. 

Walls  Ends,  &c.  13«.  9d.  to  16t.  9d.  per  ton.    Other  sorts,  12$.  9d.  to  14#.  Oil. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  TtUow,  39f .  M.     Ydlow  RnnUy  39f.  M 


METEOUOLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CAUY.  Str 
From  Stpttmbtr  26,  to  Oelnber  2j,  1851,  both  inelvrivt. 


l--.h 

enbeifs  Tbenr 

II 

ll 

l|i 

1      ■■ 

1      \      VVml,er. 

■5^ 

n 

x3 

% 

lill 

.\ 

Sep. 

Oot. 

=     in.  p 

3» 

49 

55  ;  4-7 

29.  57'  ,cldy.  fr.  rain 

56 

67 

58 

30,  8 

87 

50 

58  1  50 

.  67    !t.  clJy.  do. 

12 

59 

67 

58 

8 

Si8 

50 

55     47 

,  96  'do.  fogsy 

13 

57 

60 

57 

0 

29 

54     59     51 

,  74  ,.do.  clouJy 

14 

58 

60 

55 

29 

!) 

:w 

54  1  00     SI 

,41 

15 

00 

57 

45 

5 

0.1 

55     60  ;  53 

,  19  IcIoudT,  nun 

16 

43 

65 

41 

5 

i 

53  .  5G     55 

,  36  i,da.  do. 

17 

41 

55 

45 

B 

■i 

54  j  60     56 

,46   fr.ddy.liy.rn. 

IS 

J5 

59 

56 

9 

59  1  63  1  5i 

,55 

do.  do.      do. 

19 

57 

63 

53 

a 

50  ■  60  1  50 

,65! 

do.  do.  do.  do. 

ao 

.56 

«4 

i8 

30 

0 

6 

51  1  60     40 

,75 

do.  do. 

81 

59 

6S 

56 

0 

7 

53  1  50  !  57 

,75l 

rain.  cldy.  fr. 

22 

56 

57 

55 

0 

8 

51  ;  59  1  46 

,85 

cloudy,  rain 

23 

56 

£3 

54 

8 

0 

47  !  56     58 

,83 

fair 

i!4 

55 

58 

^ 

3 

10 

59 

63      60 

30,09 

rain 

rj 

52 

.53 

53 

J 

1  Irnin,  fur 
;   uluadf,  do. 
j  j  fair,  cloudy 
I  I  do.  do.  nin 
:i  I  tloady,  fair 

'i  ;  fidr 

3  I  Ji>.  cldf.  rain 
^  ,  .lo.  do.  do. 
^  ;  cUmdy,  fair 
3  i  do.  do.  cidjr. 
I  igloomjr 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


■Z%     ^ 


\%fll      i 


29, BKJ  j- 


10 

ir2i2 

13'2I2i 

14  212} 

15  212} 

16  212} 

17  213 
1H212  ! 

20  213   I 

21  213 

22  213i 

23  214^ 

24  2Hf 


: j4946pra.    46     43  pm. 

' 1 ] 50  pro,   I  43     46  pm. 

1 ! : , 51  pm,     4S    43  [im, 

' : 262      51  pm,  !      46  pm. 

' ' 54  pm.   ]  44     47  pm. 

■ ; ' ' '   51pm.   I  4a     45  pm. 

97} , 1 ,260   a4  5£pm.'      4B  pm. 

97} i 262  I  aSpm.     46    50  pm. 

97J   7     1 ,108J 5157  pm.'  48    SI  pm, 

97i   7     '  95J  lOJJ  262   54  57  pm.|  48    61  pm. 

37J   7     ' 108J 57  .14  pm.!  48    S2  pm. 

97i   7     , S658pm.S0    S3  pm, 

9B      7 , 2621    56  pm.  ,51    54  pm. 

gg 107J261      59  pm.     51     54  pm. 

984   7       951 262j' 54     51  pm. 

9BJ   7 59yipm.'  51     54  pm. 

98  :  7     .  90j— ' ■  59  pm,  ■  52    55  pm. 

.m   7 !262i  62  GO  pm.   52    5G  pm. 

!)8J ' ' 263   CStiOpm.   66    M  pm. 

98il   7     ; , ]  GOpm.     54     57  pm. 

9hJ   7 ' CO  63  pm.   54    57  pm. 

,  ARNULL,  Stock  and  Sbare  Broker, 

3,  Copthall  Chamber!,  Angel  Conrt, 

Tbrogmotton  Stnot,  LondOB. 


0  ■ONr  nunvM,  S 


THE 

GENTLEMAFS  MAGAZINE 

AND 

ITISTORICAL  REVIEW. 

DECEMBER,  1851. 


CONTENTS. 

VAOM 

MiNom  CommsspoNDEKCs.— The  Quarterly  Reviever's  Quotation  fh)in  Dryden— Lines  by  Charles 
Duke  of  Dorset— The  Baron  des  Adrets— Letter  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk  in  1572— Charles 
Henry  Wilson 66« 

The  Metamorphosis  of  Apuleius  :  translated  hy  Sir  George  Head 563 

Gleanings  from  the  Irish  Council-Boolcs  of  the  times  of  the  Commonwealth  and 

the  Cromwells 569 

The  Dachess  of  AngonlSme ..• ........t.. ..••••  573 

On  Medieeval  Art,  as  exemplified  in  the  Great  Exhihition  of  1851 579 

Autohiography  of  Lady  Springett.     Contributed  by  Hepworth  Dixon 585 

Ulrich  von  Hutten.    Part  IV.     Battles  and  the  beginnings  of  Battles 594 

Carlyle's  Life  of  Sterling 600 

William  Wyon  and  his  Works  (wUh  a  Portrait)    609 

CORRESPONDENCE  OF  SYLVANUS  URBAN.— Endeavour  of  James  II.  to  pack  a  Parliament 
—Rambles  in  Germany  (The  Rhine,  Worms,  Mayence,  Cologne,  Freyberg,  Black  Forest) 
—The  Dukedom  of  Gloucester— The  Prince  of  Wales's  Plume— Edinburgh  Review  and 
Duquesnoy— Meaning  of  the  word  Whiffler— Bh^h  of  Uenry  V.— The  tragedy  of  Lady 
Alice  Huntingdon — First  exercise  of  Protestantism  in  Shrewsbury 615 

NOTES  OF  THE  MONTH.  —  International  Copyright— Degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  on  Mr. 
Daniel  Wilson— Find  of  Roman  coins  at  Kinross — Sect  of  Poulctistes  in  the  Ide  of  Wight 
—New  novels  announced— Thackeray  at  Oxford  and  Mr.  Petrie  at  Holland  House— -Paint« 
ing  by  Ben.  Cellini  in  the  castle  of  St.  Angelo— Paintings  discovered  in  Gawsworth  church 
—Mr.  Baker  the  Historian  of  Northamptonshire— Re-election  of  Alison  the  Historian  at 
Glasgow— Munificence  of  Dr.  Wameford— Testimonial  to  Dr.  Lever— Recent  non-historical 
Publications   687 

iflSCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS.— PUnchcTs  Pursuivant  of  Arms,  or  Heraldry  founded  upon 
Facts,  631 ;  Wiltshire  Memoirs  of  the  Archaeological  Institute— Merewether*8  Diary  of 
Silbury  Hill— llie  Museum  of  Classical  Antiquities— The  Popes,  by  Dr.  WOks,  634 ; 
Craik's  History  of  the  Englisli  Language,  635  ;  Churton's  Land  of  the  Morning — Grant's 
Memoirs  of  Sir  John  Hepburn  616 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES— Archasological  Institute,  639 ;  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne          640 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.- Foreign  News,  643 ;  Domestic  Occurrences  6a 

Promotions  and  Preferments,  644 ;  Births  and  Marriages    646 

OBITUARY :  with  Memoirs  of  the  Right  Hon.  Charles  Hope ;  Hon.  Thomas  Kenyon ;  John  Ed- 
mund Dowdeswell,  Esq. ;  J.  H.  Tremayne,  Esq. ;  William  BusfSeild,  Esq.  M.P. ;  Isaac 
Cookson,  Esq. ;  Thomas  Phillips,  Esq. ;  J.  T.  Smitheman  Edwardes,  Esq. ;  Commodore  J. 
C.  Hawkins ;  Rev.  Charles  Gutzlaff ;  Rev.  James  Crabb ;  Samuel  Beail^y,  E^. ;  Mr.  George 
Stephens ;  Rev.  John  Radford ;  Mr.  William  Tyson,  F.S.A. ;  Thomas  winter,  alias  Spring ; 
Madame  Javouhey 649—664 

CLEaoT  Dbcxaskd 664 

Deaths,  arranged  in  Chronological  Order  666 

RcgiHtrar-Gencral's  Returns  of  Mortality  in  the  Metropolis— Markets,  671 ;  Meteorological 

Diary— Daily  Price  of  Stocks 671 


Bt  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Grht. 


562 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mb.  UiiBAKy — Allow  me  to  recall  yoor 
attention  to  tbe  quotation  of  Dryden  by  a 
Quarterly  Reviewer  which  is  noticed  in 
your  number  for  this  month  (Nov.  p.  523): 

"  Of  sixty  years  he  seem'd,  and  well  might  last 
To  sixty  more,  hut  that  he  llvM  too  fast." 

The  remark  on  the  supposed  tyi)ogra- 
phical  blunder  in  the  toOf  originated  with 
a  writer  in  the  Morning  Chronicle,  who 
has  fincc  retracted  it,  admitting  that 
"every  edition  of  Dryden  to  which  he  has 
procured  access,  ranging  from  the  Arst,  in 
folio,  1700,  to  the  present  day  (including, 
of  course,  Walter  Scott's)  has  the  reading 
**too/ast,**  and,  consequently,  that "  every 
imputation  against  the  Quarterly  Review 
on  this  score,  and  its  management,  must 
be  at  once  withdrawn." 

The  writer,  indeed,  goes  on  to  main- 
tain his  own  conjecture,  "  to  fast,"  against 
all  the  printed  copies ;  but  I  do  not 
imagine  that  he  will  find  many  partizans 
among  persons  capable  of  understanding 
Dryden's  language. 

Yours,  &c.        RusTicus. 
Nov.  12. 

[To  enable  our  readers  to  judge  what 
WM  really  the  meaning  of  Dryden,  we 
will  give  not  only  the  doubtful  passage 
but  the  context : 

"  Of  sixty  yean  lie  scem'd,  and  well  mifiht  iH^'t 
To  sixty  more,  but  thnt  he  liv'd  too  fast ; 
Refiu'd  himself  to  >o\il,  to  curb  the  scn-^; ; 
And  made  almost  a  bin  of  nlt;<tin(.'ncp." 

Ed.] 

Mr.  Urban, — You  are  quite  right  in 
stating  that  the  elegant  lines  printed  in 
your  last  Magazine,  p.  d50,  and  com- 
mencing, 

In  vain  with  riches  do  you  try 
My  itrdfast  breast  to  move, 

have  been  printed  before,  although  with 
some  variations  from  the  copy  tent  by 
your  Correspondent  Q. ;  as,  for  example, 
in  the  second  line  above  printed,  **  heart " 
is  substituted  for  '*  breast,"  with  good 
effect. 

I  find  them  in  Mr.  Park's  Additions  to 
Walpole'ii  Royal  and  Noble  Authors,  iv. 
33G,  where  they  are  stated  to  have  been 
contributed  to  Dr.  Maty's  Review,  vol.  iii. 
by  Charles  Sackville,  second  Duke  of 
Dorset,  who  died  f»  July  1769.  They  are 
mtitled  "  Verses  to  a  friend  who  pressed 
the  author  to  marry  for  the  sake  of  a  for- 
tune." J.  B. 

Mr.  Urban, — ^The  Biographical  Dic- 
tionary, published  by  the  Society  for  Dif- 
fusion of  Useful  Knowledge,  coutaini  an 
interesting  biography    of    tho    ferocious 


Baron  dbs  Adrits,  t  distinguished 
commander  on  the  side  of  the  Ha^enots 
in  the  Cond6  and  Guise  wars  in  France 
during  the  sixteenth  century.  That  article 
is  stated  to  be  partly  derived  from  the  MS. 
of  a  Mr.  C.  A.  L.  6.  placed  by  him  at  the 
disposal  of  the  Society  for  Diffusion  of 
Useful  Knowledge ;  and  it  is  farther 
stated,  that  the  same  gentleman  had  a 
work  in  hand  on  the  subject  of  the  Baron 
des  Adrets,  which  was  intended  to  be 
shortly  published  at  Paris.  Can  any  of 
your  Correspondents  inform  me  whether 
the  work  alluded  to  has  been  pabli«h«df 
and  if  so  when,  and  what  is  its  title  ? 

Yours,  &c.  S.  L. 

Ma.  Urban, — One  of  ^our  Corre* 
spondents  (in  p.  450)  inquires  respect- 
ing a  curious  and  valuable  letter  or  thr 
Duke  of  Norfolk,  beheaded  a.  d. 
1572,  written  in  a  copy  of  Grafton's  Chro* 
nicle.  He  will  find  the  letter  engraved  in  the 
**  Historical  and  Literary  CuHomHn,*' 
by  my  brother.  About  twenty  years  ago 
the  book  was  in  the  possession  of  Mr, 
Jadis,  of  Bryanstone  Square  and  tlie 
Exchequer  Bill  Office,  and  he  lent  it  to 
me.  I  think  he  is  since  dead,  but  I  am 
not  certain.  His  library  was  told  at 
Evans's  in  Pall  Mall  some  ten  yean  ago* 
and  it  could  perhaps  be  ascertained  from 
tlie  Catalogue  who  was  the  purchaser  of 
the  book  in  question. 

Yours,  &c.    William  Jambs  Smith. 

Mr.  Urban, — As  I  have  not  obierred 
any  answer  to  the  inquiry  of  I.  A.  R.  in 
p.  389  of  your  Number  for  Get.  laat,  per- 
mit me  to  refer  him  to  Gent.  Mag.  foI. 
Lxxviii.  pt.  ii.  p.  469,  where  be  vfll  find 
a  notice  of  the  death  of  Coarlrs  Hbmry 
Wilson,  the  author  of  those  amusing 
volumes  entitled  '*  Polyantbba,  a  CoU 
lection  of  Anecdotes,  Sketches,  &e.  Loud. 
1801."  '2  vols.  8vo.  I  may  add  that  tlie 
identical  work  appeared  also  with  tbe  titto 
of  "  Anecdotes  of  Eminent  Persons,  com- 
prising also  many  interssting  Literary 
Fragments,  &c.  Lond.  Lackington*  IBM.** 
This  may  have  been  the  unworthy  trick 
of  the  booksellers;  a  practice  not  yet  obso- 
lete. I  observe  at  this  very  moment  on  tbe 
booksellers'  shelves  a  work  under  two 
different  dates  and  titles.  My  copy  is 
entitled,  "  Visions  of  the  Times  of  Old  ; 
or,  the  Antiqnarian  Enthusiast.  By  Ro- 
bert Bigsby,  Esq.  London,  C.  Wright* 
1848.*'  3  vols.  Bvo.  Other  copies  bear 
the  title  of  **  Old  Places  Revintad ;  or, 
the  Antiquarian  Enthusiast,  &e.  1851 ." 
I  had  very  nearly  fallen  into  the  mistake 
of  purchasing  two  copies.         F.  R.  A* 

Oak  House,  Pendleton, 


r 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW. 


THE  METAMORPHOSIS  OF  APULEIUS. 


4 


\VK  owe  Uir  Uearge  Head  some 
Lhonks  for  big  ferj  reatlnble  and  ge- 
nerally accurate  version  of  one  of  the 
MOBt  ciiriouB  and  entertuining  writers 
of  antiqnitf.  The  earlier  tranaUtions 
ol'AptJeius*  were  either  so  unnttrac- 
live  in  their  diction  or  so  indiscrimi- 


Kouittii  proconsula,  ornl  exiited  the 
tears  or  the  laughter  of  the  Greeks 
from  Fonlus  to  MarieilleB.  On  the 
other,  he  proves  hiniKlf  one  of  the 
falLerv  of  fiction ;  one  of  those  conleari 
whose  narratives,  after  long  circulnting 
'"   tlie  halls  and  bowers  of  cbivalrj. 


nate  in  their  contents  m  to  cause  their  descondeil   to   tlie   marlcet-plac 

bBuiahment  into  the  libraries   oJ' the  vereoncoagsinembodiedialhedrama 

Itamed.     The  volume  non  before  us  and  romalice  of  Europe.     NorisApu- 

maj  lie  be»i<ie  the  "  Caxtons"  on  draw-  leius  instructive  to  novel-readers  and 

ing-room  tabica,  or  take  its  place  on  novel-writers  alone.     His  pictures  of 

the  shelves  with  the  British  novelists,  social   and  domestic  life  illustrate  the 

It  has  been  careftillj  expurgated  with-  pages   of  economists   ftnd    historians, 

out  an;  materifli  damage  to  the  storj,  and  partially  uplitl  the  curtain  from 

and,  con9i<lerin»  the   redundant   and  that  strange  icene  of  civilisation  and 

oHen  obscnro  language  of  the  original,  corruption  which  wns  exhibited  in  the 

this  "Romance  of  the  Second  Century"  decline  of  the  Roman  empire. 


singular  aspect  of  society  indeed 
s  that  displayed  in  the  "Golden  Ass," 
11  Ass  It  is  probably  a  production  of  the  age 
of  Hadrian,  when  neither  foreign  nor 
civil  war  distracted  or  exlmusted  the 
empire,  and  nn  able  and  active  ino- 
'  s  helm.     Yet  what  & 


trips   along   pleasantly 
English  dress. 

The  Metamorphosis  or  Uoldi 
will  probably  surprise  many  persons 
whose  acquaintance  with  ancient  litera- 
ture has  no  t  passed  the  bounds  of  school 
and  college  lectures,  and  who  perhaps 

account  such  studies  among  the  duties  chaos  of  disorder  do 
rather  than  the  pleasorea  of  know-  "  Romance  of  the  Second  Centnry." 
ledee.  A  Roman  gentleman  turns  ont  Sorcery  of  the  darkest  and  dreariest 
to  be  nearlj  as  agreeable  company  as  kind  is  commonly  practised  and  ere* 
Gil  Bias,  and  to  have  a  wallet  as  well  dited.  The  highways  are  infested  by 
stored  as  the  Decameron  itself.  And  robbers.  Tlie  towns  allbrd  no  security 
Apuleius  is  tm  snggestive  as  he  is  com-  against  burglars.  The  villages,  whera 
niiinicative.  On  the  one  hand,  he  re-  they  exist,  are  scantily  peopled;  mi4 
Hects  an  imsge  at  least  of  thoxe  Mile-  in  general  the  open  country  is  a  lon^i 
sian  tales  which  amused  tlie  litisure  of    waste,  where  wolves  and  bears  hafl. 


aid  bate  I 

:ltr  otthogrtplij. 


the  fonn  in  which  the  a 


4 


564 


The  Metaftiorpfiosiit  of  Apuleius* 


[Dec. 


resumed  their  rights  of  free-warren. 
Households  are  populous  with  slaves, 
and  estates  have  neither  ploughmen 
nor  shepherds.  And  the  scene  in 
which  the  action  of  the  story  is  chiefly 
laid,  is  in  the  heart  of  those  very  pro- 
vinces of  Thessaly  and  Macedonia 
which  the  elder  Cato  urged  the  senate 
not  to  annex  to  the  Roman  common- 
wealth, because,  however  useful  they 
mig{;it  be  as  allies,  the  inhabitants  of 
them  were  too  numerous  and  warlike 
for  subjects.  Again,  as  respects  do- 
mestic life,  the  prospect  is  equally 
dreary.  The  sanctities  of  home  are 
perpetually  disregarded :  crimes  of  the 
deepest  dye  scarcely  excite  comment. 
Country  magnates  practise  all  the 
enormities  which  fiction  ascribes  to 
Overreach  and  Front  do  Boeuf.  Squalid 
poverty  and  exorbitant  wealth  stand 
side  by  side.  The  soldier  wrongs 
the  peasant ;  the  peasant  murders  the 
soldier.  The  public  amusements  are 
enervating  or  degrading  :  the  popular 
religions  are  even  less  moral  than  the 
public  amusements.  Grave  antl  gowned 
magistrates  assist  at  celebrations  which 
make  law  a  mockery :  and  shaven 
priests  exhibit  rites  in  open  daylight 
which  would  disgrace  a  kraal  of  Hot- 
tentots. The  vitals  of  the  empire  were 
indeed  corroded  by  every  species  of 
moral  and  social  poison :  and  the 
foundations  of  Byzimtine  and  Turkish 
misrule  were  already  laid  in  the  reign 
of  one  of  the  most  vigilant  and  saga- 
cious of  the  Roman  emperors. 

These  however  are  the  darker  fea- 
tures of  the  story — the  elements  which 
an  analysis  of  it  presents.  Its  superficial 
texture  is  more  cheerful :  and  were 
the  language  of  Apuleius  less  inthited 
and  redundant,  he  might,  for  some 
qualities  he  possesses,  be  justly  styled 
the  Roman  Boccaccio.  Humour,  in- 
deed, like  the  humour  of  the  great 
Florentine,  was  not  among  his  girts. 
But  he  displays  a  shrewd  and  easy 
irony  that  reminds  us  of  La  F(mtainc, 
and  in  his  descriptions  of  scenery  he 
rises  occasionally  to  the  level  of  Lu- 
cretius. A  few  words  upon  the 
Apulcian  diction  itself  will  not  be 
misplaced,  since  his  style  is  the  phy- 
aiognoiny  of  his  mind — :i  mind  wildly 
luxuriant,  richly  stored  with  know- 
ledge, ingenious,  ajmreliensive,  but 
unsystematic  and  undisciplined. 

The  Roman   critics   of   the  purer 


ages  gave  to  the  florid  kind  of  elo- 
quence the  name  of  the  Asiatic.  Such 
was  the  eloquence  of  M.  Antonius,  and 
probably  in  some  measure  also  of 
Ulcerous  ^reat  rival  Hortensius.  It  was 
distinguished  from  the  manlier  severity 
of  the  Athenian  and  Khodian  schools 
by  the  pomp  and  clittcr  of  its  periods, 
by  frequent  antithesis,  and  by  a  too 
elaborate  display  of  rhetorical  finesse. 
But  these  critics  did  not  survive  to 
witness  and  condemn  a  third  variety 
of  Roman  eloquence,  standing  in  a 
similar  relation  to  the  Asiatic  styley 
which  that  had  borne  to  the  chaster 
Attic  and  Rhodian.  African  Latinity 
is  a  genus  by  itself;  and  its  great  mas- 
ters— for  there  was  a  kind  of  greatness 
even  in  its  turgid  pomp  —  whether 
Christian  or  Heathen,  exhibit  a 
strong  family-resemblance  to  one  ano- 
ther. It  is  the  style  of  Augustin  and 
Tertullian  as  well  as  of  Apuleius,  and 
its  nearest  modern  parallel  is  to  be 
found  in  the  pages  of  the  Spanish 
historians.  Its  characteristics  may  be 
summed  up  in  the  single  word  ex- 
cess. The  rhetorical  professors  of 
Carthage  and  Utica  seemed  to  have 
been  inspired  by  the  glowing  and  tro- 
pical profusion  of  their  climate.  They 
applied  to  oratory  the  maxim — "Nil 
actum  reputans,  dum  quid  superesset 
agendum."  They  tax  and  torture  lan- 
guage for  cadences  and  expletives. 
They  have  the  roll  of  Johnson  without 
his  logical  precision.  They  arc  as 
gaudy  as  Marino  and  Grongora :  they 
wrote  almost  as  inexplicably  as  Turner 
now  paints.  Their  meaning  is  obscurecl 
by  a  haze  of  words :  they  tell  every- 
thing :  they  suggest  everything :  they 
leave  nothing  to  the  reader:  they 
abhor  rei)08e.  Such  is  the  diction  of 
Apuleius;  and  not  in  his  Romance 
alone.  In  his  oration  De  Magia, 
where  the  importance  of  the  issue  at 
stake  to  himself — no  less  than  house, 
land,  and  good  name — might,  one  would 
have  thought,  have  curtailed  his  ex- 
uberance, his  fancy  is  little  less  riotous 
than  in  the  Golden  Ass.  A  grave  dis- 
cussion on  the  guiding  spirit  of  So- 
crates is  as  ornate  as  his  Florida  or 
rhetorical  exercises.  His  Neo-Flatonic 
treatise  is  equally  inflated.  Neither  a 
legal  argument  nor  abstract  science 
avail  to  moderate  the  impetuous  full- 
ness of  his  rhetoric.  lie  sows  ever 
with  the  eack  and  not  with  the  hand* 


> 


1851.] 


The  Metamorphosis  ofApuleius. 


565 


And  jet  to  taboo  such  writers  as 
Apuleius  would  be  to  lop  off  a 
living  limb  from  lloman  literature. 
The  vigour  and  compass  of  that  litera- 
ture are  indeed,  in  general,  very  im- 
perfectly understood.  It  is  too  often 
regarded  as  beginning  with  Plautus 
and  closing  with  Tacitus.  In  the  chart 
of  authors  usually  appended  to  Latin 
lexicons  two  ages  are  recommended 
and  two  interdicted  to  the  student. 
"  Shun,"  advises  Robert  Ainsworth, 
"  as  you  would  shun  poison  or  evil 
company,  all  the  writers  who  follow 
the  younger  Pliny,  but  dedicate  your 
days  and  nights  to  those  who  precede 
him."  If  to  win  medals  and  books 
stamped  with  college  arms  be  the  sole 
object  in  studying  Latinity,  such 
counsel  is  good.  But  it  is  naught,  if 
we  would  attain  just  conceptions  of 
the  variety  and  compass  of  the  Roman 
mind.  So  far  indeed  are  all  vigour  or 
even  all  grace  from  being  confined  to 
its  gold  and  silver  ages,  that  from  the 
eras  of  baser  metal  we  will  undertake 
to  produce  passages  which  for  diction 
^*  would  make  Quintilian  stare  and 
gasp,"  but  which  in  uith,  pregnancy, 
and  subtile  or  lofty  thought,  rival  all 
that  great  critic  commended  or  Mae- 
cenas patronised.  Passages  we  say  : 
for  the  sustained  majesty  of  Cicero 
and  Virgil  passed  away  with  the  strict 
discipline  and  the  liberal  refinement 
which  produced  it.  The  brazen  and 
iron  ages  arc  seldom  "  felices  opere 
in  toto. ' 

Much  ink  has  been  shed  in  attempts 
to  prove  that  the  Metamorphosis  of 
iVpuleius  is  an  allegory  veiling  pro- 
found mysteries  :  that  it  is  a  masKed 
battery  against  Christianity:  that  it 
is  a  puff  indirect  of  the  Isiac  priests : 
that  it  is  a  satire  upon  them :  that  its 
author  strove  to  recommend  purer 
morals  and  even  asceticism  to  his  con- 
temporaries :  or  finally  that  he  merely 
intended  to  amuse  them.  One  fact, 
among  all  these  conjectures,  is  both 
true  and  strange.  Apuleius  was  by 
profession  a  barrister,  and  by  inclina- 
tion a  transcendental  philosopher.  The 
gravity  of  his  pursuits  was  however 
no  impediment  to  his  becoming  a  popu- 
lar novelist.  Nor  indeed  did  his  com- 
bination of  the  lively  and  severe  ex- 
cite any  surprise  at  the  time  :  nor  was 
the  combination  without  precedent. 
For  did   not   Ilcliodorus,  Bishop  of 


Tricca,  write  a  novel — ^his  ^thiopica* 
which  was  at  once  so  popular  in  its 
day,  and  so  scandalous  in  the  eyes  of 
his  episcopal  brethren  that  in  full 
synod  they  gave  the  reverend  author 
his  choice  either  to  lay  down  his  mitre 
or  to  call  in  his  book.  The  mitre  he 
retained :  the  book  he  burned :  yet 
he  must  have  distributed  a  few  copies 
amon^  his  friends,  or  his  publi^er 
must  have  thought  it  a  good  specula* 
tion  to  keep  in  hand  a  proscribed 
work,  since,  at  this  hour,  we  may,  if 
we  choose,  read  this  episcopal  romance. 
Kthe  iEthiopica  merited  the  flames, 
it  deserved  them  for  being  dull,  and 
not,  as  the  bench  alleged,  for  being 
indecorous.  The  "  Golden  Ass  "  could 
make  out  on  the  latter  account  a  much 
better  title  to  the  peine  forte  et  dure. 
But  being  the  work  of  a  lawyer  and  a 
philosopher  its  improprieties  were 
overlooked  or  considered  matters  of 
course,  and  the  only  castigation  which 
Apuleius  of  Madaura  has  for  sixteen 
centuries  received,  is  BowdUrization 
by  the  Delphin  editor  in  his  care  for 
the  morals  of  the  heir-apparent  of  the 
Capets. 

We  shall  not  attempt  to  sift  an/ 
of  the  above-mentioned  theories,  nor 
hazard  one  ourselves  respecting  the 
drift  of  Apuleius  in  composing  the 
**  Golden  Ass."  Such  explanations 
too  generally  resemble  Lord  Burgh- 
ley's  shake  of  the  head,  and  the  curious 
reader  may  amplv  satisfy  himself  on 
all  these  points  by  turning  over  the 
Divine  Legation  or  the  dreamy  volumes 
of  Thomas  Taylor.  In  the  space  al* 
lotted  to  us  we  shall  confine  ourselves 
to  the  merits  of  Apuleius  as  a  painter 
of  life  and  manners.  In  this  respect 
his  Milesian  tale  is  invaluable.  It 
helps  to  clothe  with  flesh  the  dry 
bones  and  sinews  of  contemporary 
history.  And  it  aids  us  in  a  cbpart- 
ment  in  which  ancient  literature  u 
especially  deficient.  Accustomed  as 
we  are  to  the  three-volume  novel,  we 
can  hardly  estimate  the  poverty  of  ^e 
ancients  in  fiction.  Aristophanes  in* 
deed  is  the  best  commentator  on 
Thucydides,  and  Lucian  on  the  his- 
torians of  the  Antonines.  But  the 
Roman  drama,  as  it  has  come  down  to 
us,  does  not  portray  Roman  man* 
ners :  the  Augustan  writers  rarelj 
afford  even  a  glimpse  of  the  people : 
and  Cicero*s  and  Pliny*s  letters  exmbit 


566 


The  Meiamorphosis  of  Apuleius. 


[Dec. 


rather  the  sentiments  of  coteries  than 
of  the  mass  which  undulated  beneath 
the  political  surface  of  the  common- 
wealth. Had  Petronius  been  less  mu- 
tilated or  his  date  better  ascertained, 
his  Satyricon  would  have  been  for 
contemporary  Roman  history  what 
Tom  Jones  is  for  the  reigns  of  the 
first  two  Georges.  In  this  dearth  of 
information  the  "  Golden  Ass"  is  a 
"  liber  aureus,"  and  second  to  Lucian's 
Dialogues  alone  as  a  picture  of  life, 
and  a  collection  of  curious,  thrilling, 
and  pathetic  adventures. 

Its  plot  is  extremely  inartificial. 
Its  hero  Lucius,  who  appears  from 
Lucian's  story  of  similar  name  to  have 
been  a  stock  character  of  ancient  ro- 
mance, is  rather  acted  upon  by  the 
vicissitudes  of  the  story,  than  himself 
an  ajient  in  them,  either  principal  or 
secondary.  From  being  much  more 
than  a  pnssive  spectator  he  is  indeed 
precluded  by  his  transformation  into 
the  animal  from  which  the  romance 
derives  its  name.  For  not  merely  is 
he  written  down  an  ass,  as  Dogberry 
desired  himself  to  bo,  but  is  actually 
converted  into  that  animal,  retaining 
however  his  human  faculties  of  obser- 
vation. He  j)ays  in  fact  the  penalty 
of  his  inquisitivcncss.  lie  travels  in 
Thessaly,  partly  on  business,  but  more 
from  a  restless  curiosity  respecting  the 
potency  of  Thessalian  witches.  His 
doubts  receive  a  very  painful  yet  prac- 
tical solution.  Through  nearly  every 
species  of  tribulation,  poor  living,  hard 
working,  "  the  season's  rage,"  and  cnd- 
gcllings  manifold,  he  bears  his  asinine 
dishonours,  until  he  attains  a  high  and 
palmy  state  of  asinine  prosperity,  by 
his  feats  in  eating  and  drinkmg  like  a 
gentleman.  But  we  must  not  forestall 
Sir  George  Head's  agreeable  version. 

The  most  prominent  and  perhaps 
the  most  interesting  feature  in  this 
romance  is  the  universal  acquiescence 
in  the  powers  of  sorcery.  Apulcius 
himself  had  been  put  upon  his  trial 
on  a  cliarge  of  magical  practices,  and 
Lucius,  who  is  in  some  respects  the 
author's  "  double  "  as  well  as  his  hero, 
fully  shares  in  the  common  belief  of 
his  age,  and  in  the  terrors  inseparable 
from  it.  Not  merely  in  the  wdd  and 
gloomy  creed  of  the  time  were  there 
superhuman  agencies  able  to  infiict 
upon  mankind  disease,  calamity,  and 
even  death;  but  the  guest  at  table, 


the  stranger  in  the  streets  and  high- 
ways, the  mistress  of  the  house,  the 
wife  and  the  mother,  might  be  the 
possessor  of  powers  before  which  the 
nost  of  heaven  trembled,  and  against 
which  neither  virtue  nor  ralour  nor 
wisdom  afforded  any  protection.  Thea^ 
saly  was  especially  the  land  of  witards ; 
it  was  Erictho's  native  soil ;  its  herbs 
were  the  proper  ingredients  of  witches* 
cauldrons ;  its  sepulchres  afforded  no 
repose;  its  tarns  and  fells  were  the* 
nightly  scenes  of  incantations;  its 
rocks  and  forests  whirled  round  in 
mystic  dances;  its  rirers  descended 
to  Hades  **  down  carems  measureless 
to  man."  To  Thessaly  Lucius  rej^trs. 
His  eyes  and  ears  are  presently  satiated 
with  rumours  and  spcct-acles  of**  gram- 
marye."  He  sups  full  with  horrors. 
One  ased  crone  drives  bock  the  rivert 
to  their  heads  and  brings  down  the 
moon ;  another  Hies  to  her  lover  ifl 
the  form  of  an  owl ;  a  tliird  evokes 
the  dead  to  work  her  vengeance  on 
the  living ;  another  yet  more hidcouslr 
informs  a  ghastly  corpse  with  a  fiendish 
soul.  Whatsoever  things  are  unlovely, 
whatsoever  things  are  malignant,  ter* 
rible,  or  deformed,  permeate  and 
afHict  with  their  abominations  the 
Thessaline  "  inferno."  Nor  was  belief 
in  such  agencies  confined  to  the  Tulgar. 
It  was  the  creed  of  the  rich  and  the 
instructed  also.  It  was  the  talk  of 
the  market;  but  it  crept  equally  into 
the  **  minor  chamber." 

We  cannot  unaginc  a  state  of  so* 
ciety  more  withering  to  the  heart  and 
intellect  of  man  than  this.  The  super- 
stitions  of  Africa  are  as  debasing,  but 
they  are  practised  by  races  wholly 
uncivilised.  The  credulity  of  the 
middle  ages  was  equally  profound. 
but  it  was  in  some  degree  neutralisea 
as  to  its  worst  effects  by  unimpaired 
fiiith  in  the  power  of  the  Church  to 
rebuke  the  powers  of  evil.  But,  In 
the  society  which  Apuleius  renresents, 
the  magistrate  and  the  philosopher 
who  argued  against  the  theory  of  pro- 
vidence believed  in  the  reaUty  of 
wi  tchcraf^.  He  would  not  walk  abroad 
without  an  amulet;  he  would  turn 
pale  at  an  omen;  a  word  overheard 
by  accident  or  uttered  in  jest  woidd 
cause  him  to  return  fWim  a  journej. 
or  to  put  off*  pressing  business ;  an  oH 
woman  at  the  street  comer  or  a  Mack* 
amoor  at  the  city  gate  would  fill  Ut 


The  MetamoTphoiii  ofApulnut, 


soul  with  dunuijr.  The  atate-religion 
afforded  bim  no  aupport :  he  dwbe- 
liered  it.  His  ver^  proficieac;  in  the 
learning  of  the  tune  wu  an  asgra- 
<ration  of  pain,  since  it  rcndercabiai 
more  apprehenaivc  of  the  injgteFj  of 
evil,  without  supplying  hira  vith  iixij 
efficient  antidote  in  religious  faith ; 
and  if  the  rich  and  the  learned  and 
the  disputers  of  this  world  htr  thus 
open  to  the  terrors  of  sorcery,  bow  ill 
niu«t  it  have  fared  with  the  i^orant 
and  the  poor — diiea»e,  insanity,  re< 
TGrses,  were  all  ascril>ed  tc  this  cause. 
There  was  terror  In  midnight  silence, 
in  lonely  places,  in  drcami,  in  the 
flight  of  birds,  in  the  gestures  of  beasts, 
in  the  air  and  the  fire  and  the  stream, 
in  the  haying  of  the  watch-dog,  in  the 
moaning  of  forest  and  billow,  and  iu 
whalerer  surrounded  or  ministered  to 
tiieli&ofman. 

We  extract  the  following  wkd»  as  n 
proof  that  our  representation  is  not 
exaggerated.  .  A  reipeetable  yeoman 
is  entertaining  at  his  table  a  P**'*' 
market  gardener,  the  master  or  the 
transformed  Lucius. 

"  And  now  I  hiTS  a  wonderful  oe- 
cutrcDM  to  rcUte.  M;  nuater,  having 
been  ioTited  to  partake  of  tliB  entertUD* 
ment,  bariog  taken  hti  place  iit  the  tabl* 
accordingly,  and  several  cups  ot  wine 
haring  been  expended  id  drinking  healths 
amoDg  the  companji,  there  oame  snddenl; 
rnaning  into  ihc  apBrtment  one  of  tiw 
hens  from  the  poultrf-; ard,  eiokling  as  if 
she  wanted  to  Uy  an  egg,  upon  which 
said  Che  master  of  the  house,  looking  at 
the  ben  and  obsening  her  bebaTioor, 
■  Well  done,  my  maiden  I  Verily  thou 
art  a  good  prolific  lensut,  for  tbon  hast 
feasted  u<  for  many  a  day  with  thy  off- 
spring, and  now,  methinks,  art  In  the 
mind  to  present  as  with  another  dainty 
morsel.  Ho!  hoy,'  cantlnDed  hs,  ad* 
dressing  himself  to  tba  mala  iMTan^ 
'  bestir  thyself.  Qo,  as  then  art  wont  t« 
do,  and  place  a  basket  for  ths  ben  in  yon 
corner.'  At  these  words  of  the  uiaiur 
tba  lioy  did  as  be  wu  desired,  Jinil  im- 
mediately bronght  in  the  basket;,  lint,  ou 
the  contrary,  the  hen,  refusing  to  j^o  near 
her  usual  bed,  immediately  squatitd  lier- 
selr  at  her  master's  feet,  and  Ihrrc  pro- 
duced—not sQcb  an  egg  as  wi'  know 
hens  lay  every  day,  bat  a  prematarv  Uva 

"  No  sooner  had  the  preeoeions  prodigy 
began  (o  run  Bhirraping  about  the  room 
after  its  mother,  perfect  Ln  all  its  parta, 
In  its  eyesight,  batbsrs,  ehiws,  ha.  thwi 


567 

the  hearts  of  all  spsctsCora  were  struck 
with  (error  at  tbe  appearance  of  another 
miracle  of  more  dire  pocteutous  cbaraotor. 
Tbe  earth  underneath  (he  dinner-tablo 
burst  open  in  a  yawning  chasm,  whenoe 
gushed  forth  a  copious  fountain  of  blood 
(hot  iprinklcd  the  table  with  large  heavy 
drops  1  snd  at  (bo  same  moment,  white 
every  one  was  looking  at  these  divine 
presages  with  tremulous  dismay  and  won. 
dermeD(,  one  of  the  senanta  ntibed  inia 
(be  rooQ]  from  tbe  wine-cellar,  announcing 
that  (ho  wine  in  all  the  eaaks  was  boiling 
hot,  and  bubbling  hke  walcr  in  a  cauldron. 
Finally,  limultaneaus  with  the  above  omi- 
nous appearances,  several  weasels,  baviog 
fast  bold  wi(b  their  (eeth  of  a  dead  serpent, 
draggled  iC  into  tbe  house  ;  tbe  sbeep-dog 
opeued  its  aiouth,  and  out  jumped  a  little 
green  frog  :  and  a  ram  that  ataod  cloio  to 
the  sheep-dog,  seizing  bim  immsdiately  hj 
tbe  ihroat  with  bis  teeth,  strangled  Unt 
v'itb  a  single  bile." 

The  next  feature  of  interest  in  tbe 
Aletaiuorphosia  is  the  various  aspccta 
it  presents  of  aociai  lite — checse-foc- 
(orj<,  usurers,  banditti,  aillers,  gar- 
deners, woodcutters,  m^istrates,  noble 
matrons,  counlrj  gentlemen,  priests, 
sailors,  and  soldiers,  who  fifty  genc- 
rotionrj  ago  atrntted  their  brief  hours 
on  the  EtsgQ  of  life,  pass  over  the  acene 
ill    clear,   busy,   picturesque   groups. 
Apuleius,  indwd,  possesses  in  nocooi- 
uion  measure  ttie  barber'a  talent  of 
etory-tctlbg — "much  learning"  bad 
not  made  liim  unobservant  of  tho  leaser 
light*  and  shadows  of  animate  or 
animate  life.     Were   the  "  l^Ielamor-    * 
pbosis"  his  only  extant  work  we  nil^t 
flti'^pcot  that  lie  wan  indebted  for  tsll 
mfi  lo  hia  Milesian  predecessors,  who 
liviiif;  by  their  narratives  were   ala* 
Ik.hiiilI  to  please  by  them;   and  tbfl  ^ 
[jk':i:iuio    of   mixed   audiences    mu>( 
always  depend  upon  wliat  they  can-   , 
ace  and  feel  at  tbe  moment  of  presi 
tation.     But   his   defence   of   nim; 
agrunst  the  chai^  of  "  ningic,**  and  Ma 
rhetorical    exercises    (Florida)    shew   i 
equally  vfith  his  romance,  that,  hour*   ■ 
over  vicious  und  efflorescent  his  Ia(|« 
guage,  his  eye  and  ear  were  actire 
and   Hpprebendivc.     His    [ucturei    ojf   ■ 
society  in  the  age  of  Hadrian  do  not 
imply  a  very  prosperousatateoftliingK  , 
The  dining-room  of  Bvrrhena  woiud 
indeed   (lo  honour  to  May  Fair;  bitt 
the  gardener's  cottage  savotirs  stronglj 
of  Tmperary;  and  the  bandits'  cavern 
was  Uie  luodol  of  Lc  Snge,  and  might 


568 


Hie  Metamot'phosis  of  Apuleius* 


[Dec- 


have  been  painted  by  Salvator.  We 
doubt  whether  a  Turkish  pashalic 
would  present  a  more  complete  picture 
of  desolation  than  is  exhibited  in  the 
following  extract : — 

"  On  leaving  the  house  the  road  wc 
travelled  was  exceedingly  rough,  leading 
by  a  steep  acclivity  to  the  summit  of  a 
mountain  covered  with  trees,  and  when 
we  had  arrived  there,  with  toilsome  labour, 
we  descended  into  the  plain  below  among 
open  Aelds.  We  then  proceeded  along 
the  valley  till  the  evening,  and,  as  the 
shades  of  night  were  beginning  to  darken 
our  path,  we  arrived  at  a  certain  castle. 
This  castle  belonged  to  a  rich  inhabitant, 
who  had  a  numerous  household,  all  of 
whom  unanimously  pressed  us  to  remain 
there  for  tlie  night,  in  consequence  of  the 
number  of  ferocious  wolves  of  enormous 
size  that  infested  the  neighbourhood. 
'  Tliey  ravaged  the  country  to  such  a 
degree,*  they  said,  '  that  all  locomotive 
communication  was  put  a  stop  to.  They 
fell  upon  travellers  on  the  roads  in  packs, 
like  a  troop  of  banditti,  destroyed  the 
defenceless  cattle  in  the  fields,  and  oc- 
casionally, when  instigated  by  hunger, 
even  attacked  people  within  the  precincts 
of  the  villages  and  farm-houses.  Nowhere 
in  the  vicinity,'  they  added,  '  was  human 
life  secure  from  danger  from  the  terrible 
animals.  Especially  along  the  road  wu 
were  about  to  travel  the  ground  was  white 
with  human  bones  that  lay  blanching  in 
the  sun,  and  half-eaten  disembowelled 
carcases  were  scattered  about  everywhere. 
Not  only,  therefore,  must  we  pursue  our 
journey  at  all  events  with  extreme  caution, 
avoiding  by  all  means  the  dusk,  and 
waiting  for  broad  daylight,  with  a  clear 
hot  sun,  but,  placing  no  confidence  on  the 
debilitating  effect  of  the  noontide  heat 
on  the  creatures,  move  in  a  compact 
body  like  the  figure  of  a  wedge,  and, 
above  all  things,  prevent  our  party  from 
straggling.*  " 

These  agreeable  precautions  are  so 
far  successful  as  to  Keep  the  wolves  at 
bay ;  but  the  travellers,  who  are  mis- 
taken for  robbers,  encounter  a  worse 
danger  from  the  miserable  and  des- 
perate i)easantry,  who  let  slip  ui)on 
them  their  sheep-dogs,  "  as  savage  as 
the  wolves." 

''  Large  in  size,  exceedingly  ferocious, 
well  trained  to  guard  the  flocks,  obedient 
to  the  voice  of  their  masters,  and  equal  in 
strength  to  rope  with  the  fiercest  bear 
or  wolf,  they  came  rushing  upon  ns  ex- 
asperated  by  cheers  and  hallooing,  and 
Hpreading  themselves  in  all  directions, 
leaped  upon  and  lacerated  both  men  and 
1 


animals  alike  most  grievously.  In  ad- 
dition to  our  calamity  we  were  ezpoaed 
all  the  time  to  another  peril  from  Uie 
rustics  and  country  people  hurling  down 
large  stones  upon  us  from  the  top  of  the 
farm-houses  and  the  summit  of  the  ad- 
joining height ;  nay,  the  stones  fell  around 
us  with  such  rapidity  that  it  was  diflicalt 
to  s:iy  whether  the  injuries  so  inflicted  or 
from  the  dogs  were  the  greater.  At  last, 
all  of  a  sudden,  a  woman  was  hit  on  the 
head  with  a  stone,  and  she,  cryinff  and 
screaming  from  the  pain  of  the  blow,  begmn 
to  call  out  to  her  husband  to  hdp  her. 
With  that  the  husband  came  up  to  her, 
and,  as  he  was  wiping  the  blood  off  his 
wife's  head,  he  shouted  in  a  loud  voice  to 
the  assailants,  and  calling  all  the  gods  to 
witness,  thus  addressed  them :  '  Hard- 
hearted wretches  that  you  are,'  said  he, 
'  for  what  reason  do  you  attack  in  this 
fashion  a  number  of  poor  labouring  men  ? 
What  harm  have  we  done  to  you  ?  What 
think  you  we  want  to  rob  yon  of  ?  'TIf 
not  because  you  dwell  in  rocks  and  caves 
like  wild  beasts  and  barbarians  that  you  need 
thus  thirst  after  our  blood  !'  No  sooner 
had  the  shepherd  made  the  above  exclama- 
tion than  the  shower  of  stones  immediately 
ceased,  and  the  dogs  also  having  been 
simultaneously  called  off  by  their  masters, 
the  canine  tempest  subsided.  At  the  same 
time  one  of  the  hostile  countrymen,  who 
had  climbed  to  the  top  of  a  lofty  cypress 
tn^e,  replied  to  the  shepherd  as  follows  : 
'  Neither  are  we  desirous  of  depriving  yon 
of  aught  that  you  have.  'Twas  only  because 
we  expected  harm  from  yon  that  we  have 
defended  ourselves.  Henceforth  consider 
yourselves  secure,  and  depart  in  peace.* " 

The  third  feature  of  interest  to 
which  wc  shall  call  the  reader's  atten- 
tion is  the  religious  aspect  of  the  Me- 
tamorphosis. The  ortnodox  state  reli- 
gion is  scarcely  mentioned  in  it ;  but, 
in  its  place,  there  appears  to  have  been 
n  very  active  feud  l>etween  the  or- 
gi;istic  worship  of  Cybcle  and  the 
graver  rites  of  Isis.  Wherever  the 
priests  of  the  great  goddess  of  Asia 
are  introduced,  they  arc  represented 
as  impure,  profligate,  and  vulgar  swin* 
dlers.  Wherever  the  worshippers  of  laif 
appear  they  arc  describeil  as  the  pos- 
sessors of  a  pure  faith  and  a  decorous 
ritual,  exemplarv  in  their  lires  and 
ascetic  in  their  ooctrines  and  obserr* 
ances. 

The  very  adventures  through  which 
Lucius  passes  will  appear,  if  compared 
with  the  earnest  and  almost  suolime 
close  of  this  romance,  to  be  a  prooess 
of  purification  from  sin  and  aensoous 


1851.] 


Gleanings  Jrom  the  Irish  Council-Books. 


569 

Alexander  and  ProtcuB  wcie  inili.'ed 
vuIkw cburlatfiiis ;  liut tlie  ^hiloaopher 
of  T^anu  is  the  reprcseututive  of  men 
who  uttcmptud  to  enibrce  a  virtuous 
lilb  by  the  cxhibiljon  of  EUpcmaturttl 
powers.     The  life  of  Apoltonius  it  in- 
deed a  romance;  but  it  is  a  romaneg   I 
founded  on  fact :    and,  aUbou«h  the   I 
Metamorphosis   of   Aptileiua    la    atiU  if 
loore  fanciful  and  fictiUous,  yet  it  alsQ  J 
contains   no  few  germs  of  authentic  J 
I   silence     liistory.     We  refer  particuiarly  It  "--  ' 
He  cites     concluding  books,  in  which  the  p< 
the  life  of  Apollonius  of  Tyanaonce  or     circumstance,  and  earnestness  of  Isiag    I 
twice,  the  romance  of  Apuleius  neTer.     worship  are  described  wi(h  the  pen  of  ' 
Yet  in  no  volnmes  is  the  aspect  of     an  orator,  and  with  the  devout  faith  rf  J 
dj'ing  paganism  more  graphically  de*     a  believer. 

pict^.     AnewandmystenousfooLad  In  this  light  the  work  of  ApuldiU 

appeared  in  the  field.  From  a  small  must  be  regarded  as  a  vital  portion 
and  despised  province  of  the  empire,  ofRoman.orratherofethnioliteratnro.  1 
known  principally  at  the  seat  of  go-  To  the  great  works  of  the  Augustan  i 
vernment  bj  the  turbulent  and  obstj-  ago  it  standi  in  direct  contract.  As  k  .  • 
nate  character  of  its  inhabitants,  had  work  of  art  it  is  immeasurably  tnfe-  i 
come  forth  a  creed  which  sorpassed  rior  ;  in  originality  of  thought  and  ia 
philosophy  in  the  purity  of  its  morals,  freshness  of  feeling  it  frequently  but-  J 
and  the  mysteries  themselves  in  the  passes  them.  The  inimstic  tnslo  of 
vith  which  it  inspired  its  vota-      court    literature    had   declined ;    ' 


error,  with  a  view  of  rendering  man 
worthy  of  the  holy  and  happy  privileges 
of  the  Isiac  fiuth.  In  this  aspect  the 
"  Golden  Ass"  stands  in  a  very  close 
relation  to  the  early  and  nearly  contem- 
poraneous Christian  romances.  No  fact 
111  history  is  better  ascertained  than  the 
infusion  into  paganism,  during  the  last 
century  and  a  naif  of  its  decline,  of 
a  more  earnest  moral  tone.  It  is  one 
of  the  few  defects  of  Gibbon'smasterly 
work  that  he  passes 
this  remarkable  phi 


a  creed  old  and  yet  i.. 
It  branched  off  from  a  religion  which 
antedated  Saturn  and  the  Titans,  and 
yet  it  displayed  all  the  vigour  and  en- 
thusiasm of  youth.  Its  Kingdom,  as 
its  teachers  professed,  was  not  of  this 
world,  and  yet  neither  the  Olympian 
theology,  nor  the  fanatical  rites  of 
Cybele,  nor  the  grave  ancestral  wor- 
ship of  Egypt,  had  such  ^wer  Id  the 
world.  Its  strength,  as  it  seemed  to 
hed  priests  and  philosophers 
Jam,  lay  in  its  visible  morals 
s  reported  miracles ;  and  i 


cordingly  it  could  be  combated  only  by     and  Sir  George  Head  has  done  gt 


a  return  to  the  ethics  of  purer  ages, 
and  by  n  rehabilitation  of  signs,  won- 
ders, and  oracles.  From  Luci^  and 
Philostratus  we  learn  that  very  active 
attemjits  were  mode  to  counterwork 
fi — ;=..„uj[y   wiih   its  "own   weapons. 


of  Attic  and  Alexandrian 
modeU  bad  peeled  away ;  the  rude 
vigour  of  Nteviug  and  Pacuvius  ap- 
pears again;  and  in  Gaulish  and  AfricBQ 
Latinity  the  Roman  intellect  often  re- 
sumes the  thews  and  boldness  of  the 
age  in  which  Appius  the  Blind  a 
dressed  a  senate  unrefined  but  unct 
rupteU  by  Greek  rhetoricians. 

We  hare  cited  none  of  the  lightttP  J 
portions  of  the  "  Golden  Abb."  OmfM 
object  has  been  to  point  out  ita  valii^'T 
as  an  auxiliary  to  history.  ' 
amusingbookit  will  recommend  itseiri   i 


Christi 


to  literature  in  enabling  the 
English  render  to  compare  with  Gib- 
bon, Guixot,  and  Le  Bas,  this  curious 
and  instructive  "  llomauce  of  the 
Second  Century." 


NOW  that  the  National  Records  of 
England  are  at  length  to  be  made 
more  accessible  to  the  literary  public, 
it  seems  but  reasonable  that  attention 
and  sympathy  should  be  directed  tg 
the  present   position  of  a  portion  of 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


their  Irish  brethren  whose  captivilf  I 
still  continues,  and  on  whom  the  ligiltl 
of  day  has  not  yet  been   nlloweif   '' 

In  the  Report  of  the  Record  Cora-  | 
mission  for  Ireland,  of  the  years  ISIC- 
4D 


670 


Gleanings  from  the  Irish  Council- Boohs* 


[Dec. 


20,  will  be  found  (pp.  227-8)  a  cata- 
logue of  state  documents  containe<l  in 
the  Council  Office  Room  of  the  Record 
Tower,  Dublin  Castle.  Some  sixty  vo- 
lumes, forming  a  series,  broken  and 
imperfect  in  many  part«,  include  the 
Irish  Council  Books  of  the  Common- 
wealth and  the  Protectors  Cromwell, 
as  well  as  fragments  of  similar  en- 
tries down  to  the  period  of  the  Re- 
volution of  1689.  It  is  not  a  little 
strange  that  attention  should  not 
have  been  drawn  to  documents  pos- 
sessing titles  so  alluring  as  the  fol- 
lowing :  —  "  General  Orders  of  the 
Lord  Deputy  and  Council  on  Pub- 
lic Affairs ;"  "  Commissions  and  In- 
structions for  conducting  Public  Af- 
fairs, 1654-7,  1650-7,  1654-8,  1659;" 
"  Domc8tick  Government  Correspond- 
ence, 1651,  1651-4,  1654-9,"  "Orders 
in  regard  to  the  Distribution  of  Lands, 
1652-9,"  &c.  &c.  Besides  these  we 
have,  "Public Money  Orders,"  "Civil 
Lists,"  "  Military  Accounts,"  "  Refer- 
ences on  Petitions  and  Claims,"  "  Pro- 
ceedings before  the  Land  Commis- 
sioners at  Mallow,"  "  Transplanters' 
Certificates,"  &c.  &c. 

The  volumes  containing  these  re- 
cords of  Puritan  rule  in  Ireland  are 
stored  away  in  obscurity,  damp,  ond 
dust,  on  the  shelves  of  a  dark  and  re- 
mote circular  room,  the  flooring  of 
which  is  confined  to  a  narrow  gullcry, 
while  through  the  downward  chasm 
one  catches  a  distant  glimpse  of  what 
was  formerly  a  state  dungeon.  The 
prisoners  below  are  gone,  but  the  pri- 
foners  above  still  remain,  awaiting  the 
day  when  public  attention  shall  be 
drawn  to  this  practical  "  Irish  griev- 
ance." The  slight  arrangement  m  the 
disposition  of  the  volumes,  and  their 
being  at  all  presentable,  when  at  long 
intervals  some  student  finds  his  way  to 
this  oubliette^  are  attributable  to  the 
industry  and  sagacity  of  their  humble 
custodian,  who  seems  to  be  nearly  the 
only  person  in  Dublin  Castle  or  Dub- 
lin cognisant  of  their  existence.  On 
our  first  in(|uiries,  indeed,  we  were  as- 
sured that  they  were  non-existent, 
having  perished  in  a  fire  which  in 
1711  consumed  a  large  mass  of  inte- 
resting historical  documents.  Xothing 
but  the  positive  testimony  of  the  Re- 


cord Report  to  their  existence  at  m 
much  later  period  prevented  our  aban- 
doning the  investigation  in  despair. 
There  they  are,  however,  and  to  a  few 
of  the  extracts  from  them  which  we 
were  then  permitted  to  make,  we  pur- 
pose now  inviting  the  attention  oi  our 
readers. 

In  the  beginning  of  September  1654, 
in  the  middle  of  that  disagreement 
between  Oliver  and  the  first  Parlia- 
ment summoned  under  the  instrument 
of  government,  which  led  to  the  "  £n- 
^Lgement  Test,"  the  Lord  Deputy  and 
Council  of  Ireland,  appointed  to  re- 
place the  Commonwealth  Commission- 
ers, arrived  in  Dublin.  The  Lord 
Deputy,  as  is  well  known,  was  Charlet 
Fleetwood,  son-in-law  of  the  Protector ; 
the  names  of  his  councillors  were  Co- 
lonel Robert  Hammond,  the  celebrated 
governor  of  Carisbrookc  Castle,  who 
died  in  the  next  month,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Richard  Pepys,  Lord  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Upper  I)ench,  Robert 
Groodwin,  Miles  Corbet,  and  Colonel 
Matthew  Thomlinson,  who  commanded 
the  guard  in  attendance  on  Charles  I. 
in  the  last  days  of  hb  life,  and  whose 
humane  conauct  towards  his  royal 
prisoner  saved  his  own  life  at  the  Re- 
storation. At  the  same  time  the  Pro- 
tector's second  son,  Henry  Cromwell, 
received  a  commission  as  Mi^or-Gene- 
ral  of  the  army  in  Ireland,  in  whidi 
country  he  arrived  in  the  course  of 
the  following  year.  One  of  the  first 
act«  of  the  new  council  was  to  issue  m 
proclamation  for  a  "  Humiliation-Daj 
or  Fast,"  which  ran  as  follows  :*— 

"  By  the  Lord  Deputy  and  CoonciL 
<*The  Lord  by  his  providence  havinf 
disposed  us  to  the  present  management  of 
affairs  here  in  Ireland,  and  eoosideiiiig 
the  weight  of  the  work  we  are  called  unto, 
the  many  difficulties,  trials,  and  tempta- 
tions we  may  meet  with,  and  our  own 
unfitaess  for  the  carrying  on  so  great  a 
business  without  His  presence  in  owning 
and  directing  us  : — We  do  hereby  desira 
all  those  that  truly  fear  the  Lord  in  tUa 
nation  to  seek  Him  in  our  behalCi,  that  Hit 
gracious  spirit  may  direct  and  strengthen 
us  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  the  great 
end  of  magistracy,  for  the  terror  of  evil- 
doers and  praise  of  them  that  do  well,  ae 
also  that  we  might  in  all  things  do  Jasdy^ 
love  mercy,  and  walk  humbly  widi  onr 


•  Oenernl  Orders,  &c.  vol.  A.  5,  p.  1. 


1S5I.]            Gleanings  from  Ihe  h-iih  Council- livokg.  571 

God.     Moreover,  we  desire  that  in  a  spe-  suQicientJy  and  nlisuriiljr  niaiiflgeii,   I 

dal  manner  all  aoch  whose  hearts  God  obtained  a  contract,  dated   lllE  Dc- 

ahall  make  willmj  wontd  soleitinly  meet  ceraber,  1654,  for  makine  the  same  nd- 

Ds  at  Hi.  throne  of  gmce  bj  f«r™t  wp-  measuremenl,  and,  by  God'a   blessinc, 

p!ic.t.on  upori  the  21  it  of  this  mstant  s<,  performed  the  aame  M  that  I  gainwl 

:  dcire  contintiRU,  to  wait  and  depend  '^°'^-  "^'^T^  "neutlMled,  my   salary   of 


upoQ  Him,  and  that  all  id 
U9   and  all   other  poor  inELramenLe, 
ascribe   the   elorj  of   any  mercy  a 
nnto  Him, 
"  Dublio,  Ihe  14rh  Septr.  1G54. 
"Thomas  Heubebt, 

"  Clerk  of  the  Council.' 

Another  of  the  earlier  orders  in 

volttme  refers  to  the  "  Proposal! 


'20t.  per  diem,  tlie  benefit  tif  my  prac- 
tice, together  with  GO/,  given  me  fur 
directing  an  afler-sarrey  of  the  Ad- 
Tcnturera'  Land,  ondSOW.morefor  two 
yenra'  salary  as  clerk  of  the  Couocil, 
raised  iite  an  estate  of  about  13,000/. 
in  ready  and  real  money."  (Tracts,  &c, 
pp.  iii.-v.) 

The  reader  will  now  undeisland  the 


well-known  individual,  the  celebrated  following  Orders  of  Council  ;■ 

Sir  William  Petty,  the  ancoKtor  of  the  "Ordered,  That  Ihe  propoaals  of  Dr. 

present  Msniuesa  of  Lansdowne,  then  Petij  touching  anrvejs,  and  the  report 

Himple  "  Dr.  Petty."  alreaily  mstle  by  the  committee  of  ofEcera 

In   "  Petty's  Tracts,  chiedy  relating  thereapoo,  be  fartht-  -'  —-• 

to  Ireland,"  published  in  1769,  is  ex-  ,■?'"*';  "l""  ^"J,?' 
tractfid  the  will  of  this  singular  per- 


the  rate  to  be  allowed  for  the  work,  and 
to  proceed  to  some  conclasion  both  as  to 
Ihe  slid  rate  and  the  rules  and  just  io- 
stractiouB  by  which  the  uiil  Dr.  Petty  ii 
to  undertake  the  performance  thereof,  and 
may  be  moit  tor  the  adtantaie  of  the 
'  to  certify  the  sama 


son,  which  contains  an  autobiogra- 
phical outline,  tracing  the  origin  of 
QtB  fortunes  from  the  tirac  when,  as 

a  niembcr  of  the  King's  navy,  "  at  Iho  ^ 

Age  of  twenty  years,  he  had  gotten  up  comi 

sboDt    three-score    pounds,   with    an  nith  all  convenient  ipeed. 
much  mathematics  as  any  of  his  age         "  Dublin,  the  27th  Octr.  1654."  * 
■was  known  to  have  Lad."     Having  en-  ..  jj,  the  Lord  Deputy  and  Council, 

tered  the  medical  profession,  obtamed         "  Ordered,  Thai  it  be  referred  to  Mr. 

the  degree  of  MJ).,  "  bein^  admitted  Attorney -general,  tlie  CgmmiuionerB-ge- 

into  the  College  of  Physicians,  Lon-  ncral  of  tlio  Revenue,  and  the  Suricyon- 

don,  and  into  several  clubs  of  the  vir-  generalof  Lands,  to  Gonaider  of  tlie  articles 

tuous,"  and  in  the  neit  two  years  be-  prepared  bctwUt  the  Commonwealth  and 

ing  made  fellow  of  Brazen-Nose,  Ana-  Dr.  Prttj  for  the  auney  of  forfeited  and 

tomy-Professor   in   Oxford,  and   also  other  lands  belonging  to  the  Common- 

Reader  at  Gresham- College,  he  "ad-  7»l,"''  °'  '"-''^  '""fy^^' '"  '""""/■  "" 

«,„n»H  k;    =.„!,  t     »!,„„?  I /in)         I  of  the  former  reports,  papers,  and  pro- 

^K^,^  ^  "  °  I  ^"  ■  '^Ji-'S'  in  order  Iher^nntS,  and  of  what 

with   100/.  more  adraneoa  and  given  -^  farther  fit  to  be  added  to  those  artlclM 

him  to  go  for  Ireland,  unto  full  500/.  f^,  the  .pealy  and  effectnal  carrying  ont 

\ipon  the  lOih  of  September,  1632,  of  thiBirtT!ce,of  so  great  pnbUoconeern- 

Sir  William  continues,  "  I  landed  at  ment,  and  also  of  Uie  neceiaity  of  two 

Waterford,  in  Ireland,  physician  to  the  thousaad  pouads  niicance,  the  Dr.  giving 

nrmy,  who  had  suppreracd  the  rebel-  four  thouiand  pounds  recurity  to  perfo 


lion  begun  in  1G41,  and  to  the  general 
of  the  aanie,  and  the  head -quarters,  at 
the  rate  of  2a«.  per  diem,  at  which  I 
continued  till  June  1639,  gaining  by 
mv  practice  400/.  a-year  above  the  said 
Bilarjr,  "About  September  1654,  1, 
perceiving  that  the  admeasurement  of 
the  lands  forfeited  by  the  afore-men- 
tioned rebellion,  and  rntunded  to  regu- 
late the  satisfaction  of  the  soldiers  who 
had  gnppressed  the  same,  was  most  tn- 


the  survey  of  those  lands  pro- 
portionable to  the  snm  teceited  ;  u  alto 
of  the  furnishing  him  from  time  to  time 
with  one  thoiuand  pounds,  or  some  other 
meet  sum  snsnersble  to  the  proportion  of 
work  he  brings  in  ;  »nd  to  take  tire  that 
the  articles  be  penned  in  a  doe  lefalformi 
and  to  consider  uf  tlie  security  tendered 
by  the  Dr.  for  his  due  petfuriDance  of 
articles  ;  and  to  make  report  of  this  whole 
busineeB  with  all  possible  ipeed, 
•>DDbliD,tbeZtlh  of  November,  16[>4."f 


*  General  Orders,  A.  5,  f.  20. 


572 


Gleanings  from  the  Irish  Council'Books, 


[Dec. 


Turning  from  land  to  learning — 
from  the  material  to  the  spiritual  in- 
terests of  Ireland — we  read  as  fol- 
lows : — 

"The  Lord  Deputy  and  Council  being 
desirous  to  give  all  due  encouragement  for 
the  advancement  of  learning,  and  to  pro- 
mote godliness ;  and,  on  the  contrary,  to 
discountenance  vice,  and  what  hath  a  ten- 
dency  to  looseness  and  profaneness  :  It  is 
therefore  thought  fit  and  ordered,  That 
Dr.  Wynter,  Master  of  Trinity  College, 
Dublin,  do  call  the  respective  fellows, 
students,  and  other  members  of  the  college 
together,  exhort  them  to  a  careful  walking 
becoming  the  Gospel,  and  to  build  up  one 
another  in  the  knowledge  and  fear  of 
the  Lord,  and  diligently  to  attend  public 
prayer,  preaching  the  Word,  expositions, 
and  other  religious  duties ;  and  also  by 
encouraging  and  countenancing  private 
Christian  meetings  together  in  the  college 
or  elsewhere,  for  the  edifying  and  encou- 
raging one  another,  in  conference  and  re- 
peating what  they  have  heard  preached 
concerning  the  ways  of  the  Lord,  and  by 
seeking  Ciod  by  prayer,  instructing  and 
admonishing  one  another,  to  edify  each 
other,  that  they  may  increase  in  the  sav- 
ing knowledge  of  C!hrist.  And  the  Lord 
Deputy  and  Council  do  further  order,  that 
when  it  shall  at  any  time  hereafter  appear 
unto  the  said  master,  that  any  members  of 
the  said  college  be  scandalous  or  walk  dis- 
orderly, by  beinjj  either  swearer,  or  game- 
ster, haunting  of  taverns  and  alehouses, 
sabbath -breaker,  obscene  in  his  conversa- 
tion, or  scoffer  at  the  profession  of  godli- 
ness, or  any  other  way  profane, — the  said 
master  and  fellow9,  or  any  two  of  them, 
arc  to  cause  the  said  per>()n  or  persons  so 
offending,  to  be  publickly  convented  be- 
fore them,  and  upon  due  proof  thereof 
before  the  said  master  or  any  two  or  more 
of  the  fellows  of  that  college,  to  expel 
such  corrupt  persons  out  of  their  society 
and  service,  and  to  inflict  such  punish- 
ment upon  such  offender  as  is  and  shall 
be  agreeable  to  justice,  law,  and  the  laws 
and  statutes  of  the  said  college. 

"  Dublin,  the  24th  of  March,  1(>54.5."* 

It  appears  that  "  Tories  "  were  ex- 
tremely troublesome  to  the  govern- 
ment of  Ireland  at  this  time,  and  it 
was  thought  necessary  to  issue  the  fol- 
lowing Order  of  Council  for  their  ex- 
tirpation. The  character  of  these 
"  evil-disposo<l  "  persons  appears  am- 
ply from  the  <l<)cuinent  itself: — 

"  Whereas  many  murthers,  robberies, 


spoils,  and  other  miichiefii,  are  dailj  done 
and  committed  by  Tories  and  other  looae 
and  idle  persons  in  several  parts  of  this 
land,  by  reason  such  Tories  and  other 
evil-disposed  persons  are  sheltered  and 
protected  by  the  Irish  that  live  scattcr- 
ingly  up  and  down  the  several  coanties, 
whereby  no  notice  can  be  taken  of  such 
evil  practices:  Upon  consideration  had 
thereof,  and  to  the  end  that  snch  mis- 
chiefs may  be  prevented  for  the  fatnre,  It 
is  hereby  ordered  and  declared  that  the 
governors  within  the  respective  predncts 
of  Ireland  do  take  especial  care  that  all 
such  Irish  as  are  not  comprehended  in  the 
Rule  of  Transplantation  into  the  province 
of  Connaught  and  county  of  Clare,  and 
that  live  scatteringly  in  the  several  conn- 
ties  of  Ireland  (and  thereby  can  make  no 
resistance  against  Tories,  but  rather  are  a 
relief  to  them,  and  hold  correspondency 
with  such  bloody  persons  and  others),  do 
at  or  before  the  20ih  day  of  August  neit 
draw  themselves  into  villages  and  town- 
ships, and  cohabit  together  in  families,  and 
that  every  such  village  or  township  shall 
consist  of  at  least  thirty  families,  and 
shall  not  stand  or  be  placed  within  half-a- 
mile  of  any  fastness,  whether  it  be  wood, 
bogs,  or  mountain,  that  may  be  a4JU(Jged 
a  shelter  for  Tories  or  any  enemies  of  the 
Commonwealth's.  And  it  is  further  or- 
dered and  declared.  That  in  each  of  the 
said  villages  or  townships  there  must  be 
appointed  a  headman,  constable,  or  ty th- 
ing-man, who  is  from  time  to  time  to  take 
care  that  the  cattle  belonging  to  that  vil- 
lage be  brought  togpether  every  night,  and 
that  he  sec  a  watch  set  at  convenient  places, 
and  cause  at  least  thirty  men  to  be  at 
every  watch,  to  the  end  that  such  mis- 
chiefs as  is  above-mentioned  for  the  future 
may  be  prevented,  and  the  thieves,  Tories, 
and  other  loose  persons  the  better  dis- 
covered and  apprehended. 

*'  Dated  at  Dublin  Castle,  the  16th  of 
August,  1655."t 

Another  effort  of  the  government 
was  directed  towards  the  reviyal  of  the 
commerce  of  Ireland,  which  had  suf* 
fered  sadly  during  the  recent  cItU 
convulsions.  Let  uie  following  Order 
of  Council  speak  to  this  point : — 

'*  The  Council,  taking  into  their  aerioiM 
consideration  how  that  through  the  late 
rebellion,  war,  and  devastations  in  Ireland 
the  trade  of  this  nation  hath  been  ao  de- 
stroyed that  for  several  years  past  the 
income  into  the  public  treasury  hath  been 
very  inconsiderable,  and  that  commeroe  la 
exceedingly  decayed,  to  the  great  diaad- 


*  General  Orders,  p.  105. 


t  lb.  pp.  924*5. 


1851.] 


Tht  Duehess  o/AtigouUm. 


573 


laalnge  of  Ibe  Comtaonwealtb  and  im- 
lioTeriahmeDt  of  this  realcn  :  IE  \>  Ibaugbt 
m  and  ordered,  Tbat  Sir  Charles  Cool?, 
linight  and  bnranet.  Lord  President  of 
ConnBugbt,  Sir  Genrd  LowtUer,  knigbt, 
Lord  Cbief  Justice  oT  Ibe  Comcooa  Plea«, 
Major-GenetBl  Sir  Hardresa  Waller,  Sir 
Jobn  Temple,  and  Sir  Robert  King, 
kuights.  Colonel  HewBOD,  Colonel  Sankey, 
"Vincent  Gsakin,  esqr.  Major  Anthonj' 
Morgan,  Aldermao  Dnniel  Hntcbinaon, 
Benjamin  Worslej,  eaqr.  Dr.  Pettj,  Al- 
Jermsn  Hunt,  Mr.  Robert  Moulaworth 
and  Mr.  Tbomu  Bajd,  mercbBnti,  or  iof 
fin  or  more  of  tbem,  be  and  are  bereby 
appointed  a  committee  forthwith  to  can- 
aider  how  the  trade  of  tbi)  coualry  may 
be  adiBQcod.  To  vliicb  end  they  are  de- 
aired  to  meet  together  twice  every  week, 
at  the  CoiCam-bouae,  Dublin,  or  wbere 
else  they  aball  think  beat,  there  to  confer 
and  advite  of  tbii  affair,  and  to  inform 
themselies  tonching  the  present  condition 
of  the  trade  of  this  nation,  and  what  tbe 
preient  obatructions  or  discourageincnts 
therein  are.  And  more  particularly  tbey 
are  deaired  to  consider  bow  the  eommo- 
dities  IhaC  arc  o(  tha  gronth  of  this  land 
ma;  be  exported  with  moat  freedom  and 


encouragement  to  merchaata  or  othen, 
and  to  the  advantage  of  tbe  Common- 
wealth and  good  of  tbe  people ;  bh  alia 
bow  tbe  fisbing'trade  in  tbia  nation  may 
be  encQurBgcd ,  advanced,  and  put  into  a 
regular  way  of  manageoient.  And,  upon 
the  whole  matter,  to  propoie  onto  tbe 
board  (from  time  Co  time)  Buch  eijiedient* 
as  tbey  shall  lind  necessary  for  removing 
any  obstructions  in  any  tbe  premises,  or 
wtiat  may  be  held  advisable  and  practicable 
for  tbe  increase  of  the  tmde  of  tbia  nation, 
and  may  conduce  to  tbe  public  good  thereof, 
OS  to  the  revival  of  commerce  and  traffic, 
the  increaac  of  his  highness'  revenue,  and 
the  common  benefit  of  this  country,  with 
what  else  they  shall  find  requieite  and  fit 
to  be  offered  (herein)  to  tlie  conHideratioD 
of  this  board.  And  the  care  of  thlg  affair 
is  especially  recommended  to  Sir  Robert 
King,  knight,  who  is  hereby  desired  to  at- 
tend tbe  same  until  some  effectual  resola- 
id  and  made  therein. 


"  Dublin  Castle,  tl: 


11th  of  Fel 


1655  [1036] 

"Thomas  HEnnBar, 
"Clerk  of  the  Council. 


IN  the  year  1770  one  of  the  little 
islands  which  lie  in  t^ie  Khine  Biljacont 
to  Straeburg  wns  made  the  teinjiorary 
theatre  for  n  spectacle  t<f  mucb  signi- 
flcation  and  Buperabundanl  grandeur. 
The  ftiitboiitics  of  the  otil  city  had 
erected  there  a  building,  half  temple 
and  half  tent,  and  upon  it  art  ns  well 
as  taste,  both  good  and  bad,  had  k- 
TJshed  every  resource  lo  make  the 
EceneworthyofthegrentactreBs.  That 
heroine  was  the  youthful  Mario  An- 
toinette,    Archduchess     of     Austria, 


phin  of  France.     The  island  was  the 

Jirst  French  ground  reached  by  her 
on  her  joyous  but  fntitl  journey,  and 
ivithin  the  tented  temple  raised  there 
for  her  reception  she,  also  for  tbe 
first  time,  aaaumed  that  greatness 
the  poEsessiou  of  nhich  needed  not 
to  have  been  envied  by  the  moat  des- 
titute of  the  homeless  be^nrs  who 


slept  at  night  beneath  the  friendly  sha- 
dow of  the  neighbouring  cathedral. 

Marie  Antoinette  came  as  a  bride ; 
but  the  decorations  that  graced  the 
nuptial  drama  irere  in  startling  con- 
troaiction  with  the  rcquirementit  of  tbe 
piece.  The  whole  of  the  royal  tent 
was  hung  with  superb  tapestry,  on 
which  was  worked  a  representation  of 
the  moEt  unhappy  nioiriage  that  has 
ever  been  recorded  in  history  or  legend. 
As  the  radiant  youug  Archduchess 
looked  inquiriuely  orouDd,  her  eyes 
were  greeted  with  a  sight  of  the  youth- 
ful Creusa  writhing  on  the  ground  in. 
front  of  tbe  naptial  nitar,  and  strug- 
gling in  Ysin  to  release  herself  from 
the  poisonedgarmcnt  which  was  surely 
slaying  her.  Jason  hung  over  her  in 
speecliless  and  helpless  homir ;  while 
Medea  henelf,  the  contributor  of  the 
deadly  robe  to  the  young  girl  who  was 
usurping  a  greatness  from  which  the 
divorced  wife  of  Jason  had  been  unoe- 


*  General  Orders,  pp.  364-5. 


574 


The  Duchess  ofAngouUme, 


[Dec 


rcmonionsly  flnng  down,  rolled  through 
A  fiery  world  of  clouds  in  a  sable  car, 
and  showered  down  her  forketl  light- 
ning exactly  over  the  spot  where  the 
living  bride  had  taken  her  ro^al  state ! 
The  incongruity  forcibly  nimressed 
a  youthful  German  student  wno  had 
procured  admission  to  the  ceremony. 
It  was  as  little  his  custom  then  as  sub- 
sequently to  hcsitAte  in  giving  forcible 
speech  to  strong  thoughts,  and  he  gave 
utterance  to  what  he  felt  on  this  occa- 
sion in  terms  of  such  scorching  ridicule 
and  hot  disgust  that  his  friends  were 
glad  to  hurry  with  him  out  of  earshot 
of  the  bride,  lest  the  boy's  eloquent 
indignation  should  mar  the  ceremony. 
Ilis  name  was  Goethe. 

Afler  a  few  brief  days  the  irrcat 
square  in  Paris,  known  as  the  "  Place 
Louis  XV."  was  thronged  with  count- 
less spectators,  assembled  to  witness  a 
display  of  fireworks — fit  emblems  of  a 
marriage  whose  opening  was  so  bril- 
liant, and  whose  end  was  so  dark. 
When  the  show  had  terminated,  the 
multitude  attempted  to  retire  from  a 
square  which  had  on  two  of  its  sides 
deej),  rampart-like  ditches,  on  another 
an  unbridged  river,  and  opposite  to 
this,  its  single  outlet,  the  liue  lloyale. 
A  struggle  ensued,  wherein  three  hun- 
dred persons  lost  their  lives;  and  at 
many  a  hearth,  deprived  of  some  one 
whom  it  was  least  able  or  willing  to 
spare,  woe  sat  hand-iu-hand  with  in- 
dignation, and  the  voice  of  sorrowing 
love  broke  into  hoarse  curses  against 
the  innocent  pair  whose  nuptials  had 
been  thus  bloodily  celebrate<l.  "  When 
I  am  King,"  said  the  Dauphin,  "  J  will 
have  other  doings  on  that  spot,  and  I 
will  build  a  bridge  there  to  unite  the 
square  with  the  Faubourg  St.  Ger- 
main." The  iHiople,  however,  took  the 
matter  into  their  own  hands.  They 
reared  on  the  sjtot  that  hideous  guil- 
lotine which  destroyed  king  and  con- 
sort, and  they  built  the  still-existing 
bridge  out  of  the  stones  of  the  Bastille, 
— and  such  stones,  it  is  hardly  necessary 
to  say,  are  of  that  quality  which  are 
truly  described  as  having  sermons  in 
them. 

During eightyears  the  union  aHbrdeil 
no  ])roinise  of  furnishing  an  heir  to  the 
thorny  gi'andeur  of  the  SVcnch  throne. 
IMadame  Campan,  like  the  lo(|uacious 
lady  that  she  was,  aiFonls,  if  we  mis- 
take not,  in  her  "  Memoirs,"  an  abund- 


ance of  detail  on  ilus  matter,  with 
some  very  sufficient  reasons  why  the 
marriage,  repugnant  to  Louis,  so  lonff 
continued  fruiUess.  Speculation  ood 
comment  alike  died  away  when,  on 
the  19th  December,  1778,  the  guns  of 
Versailles  told  the  acute  listeners  in 
Paris  of  the  birth  of  Masie  Thbbxsb 
Charix)tt£,  "  Madame  Rotaus.*' 

It  was  not  many  months  before,  that 
Keppel  and  Palliser  had  met  the  French 
fleet  upon  the  seas,  and  fought  the 
action  of  which  England  thought  so 
little  and  France  so  much.  On  Doard 
one  of  the  French  vessels  was  no  less 
a  personage  than  Philippe  of  Orleans, 
the  "  Egalite  "  of  the  revolution.  Re- 
port spoke  ill  of  tlmt  prince*8  bearing 
m  the  battle ;  and  a  rumour  current 
at  Versailles,  to  the  effect  that  the  dis- 
creet Philippe  had  not  once  during  the 
engagement  ventured  out  of  his  cabin, 
was  ascribed  by  the  smarting  object 
of  it  to  Marie  Antoinette.  He  cnrsed 
her  and  the  child  she  bore;  and  under 
this  malediction,  not  so  vain  and  jm« 
potent  as  it  might  appear,  was  bom  the 
unconscious  little  "  Aiadame  Royalc^** 
who  has  so  lately  died  in  exile  and  in 
stricken  age  at  sombre  Frohsdorf. 

Nothing  could  possibly  have  been 
more  brilliant  than  the  opening  dawn 
of  the  1  ife  of  the  young  princess.  With 
her  younger  brother,  the  Dauphin, 
she  enjoyed  for  a  brief  season  of  cnild- 
hood  the  expiring;,  but  evcr-gorffeoufl, 
glories  of  Versailles.  The  vet  nappj 
children  knew  nothing  of  the  cloucu 
that  were  gathering  on  the  distant 
horizon,  nor  heard  the  murmur  of  their 
distant  thunder.  The  names  of  Tnrgot 
and  Nccker  were  to  them  wiiboat 
meaning.  All  around  them  breathed 
an  air  of  o^ircless  joy,  and  the  gilded 
galleries  of  Versailles  re-echoed  the 
light  laugh  of  powdered  ladies  and 
i*ed-heelc(l  gallants,  who  were  singu- 
larly deaf  to  the  cry  that  was  aheadT 
beginning  to  ascend  from  the  capital. 
Amid  it  all  the  little  Madame  Royale 
and  the  younger  Dauphin  lived  OQ 
their  little  day  of  love  and  gUdnen. 
The  girl  was  fair,  and  grave  even  with 
excess  of  joyous  thought;  but  the  boj 
seemed  a  part  of  the  sun^tne  in  whictt 
he  revel  leu,  and  was  especially  attached 
to  his  sister,  who  was  as  light-hearted 
as  he,  but  who  bore  her  jovousness 
with  more  decorum.  There  stul  lingers 
many  an  old  Chevalier  de  St.  I^oii 


1851.]                         7%0  DuehtM  of  Angouleme.                               575 

who  will  tell  ^ou,  with  tesn  in  Us  ut  tlie  BlMee  Gencrul,  while  tbe  Duke 
ejea,  of  the  quick  spirit  anil  tha  happf  took  lii^  e<%t  among  the  *' couunoiu." 
Mfiiiga  of  the  little  Ilauphin.  "I  invite  ;ou  to  l^c  ■  pla«e  near 
The  last  day  of  public  gloi7  that  lit  mi?,  uousiii,  saiil  ihc  Kovercign.  "I 
up  their  childoood  was  that  leatival  of  can  di>  thiit  b^  i'>Bbt,  an;  <laj,"  wai 
St.  Louis,  in  17S7,  which  closed  the  the  rude  repl;;  "I  am  well  where  I 
course  of  fears  durinf;which  delegates  am."  A  rougher  answer  still  was 
from  the  penile  were  wont  to  mingle  tlung  at  the  unfortunate  monarch  not 
with  the  Dobilit7,and1ajtbeirbom«ge  long  alt^r.  Ilia  daughter,  "Madame 
and  felicitations  at  the  fbot  of  uok  Rojale,"  was  at  hii  side  when  he  asked 
throoe.  It  was  remarked  that  in  David,  the  celebrated  painter,  bow 
■pleadour,  numbers,  and  hilarity,  this  goon  his  portrait  would  be  completed. 
was  the  crowning  fete  of  alL  It  waa  The  poor  cbilit  burst  inlo  tears  as  ska 
as  tbe  Carniyal  of  the  Monarchj  be-  hennl  the  artist  coareely  exclaim,  "I 
fore  the  Lent  of  the  BeTolutioo,  and  will  never  paint  a  Ijrant'a  head  'till  I 
the  court  plunged  into  its  dear  de-  see  it  roll  at  my  feet  on  tbe  scaffold." 
lights  while  the  people  looked  on  in  Children  ns  were  "MaiUme  Royals  " 
wondering  indignation.  Bnt  one  who  and  tho  Dauphin  they  full;  understood 
was  present  has  left  us  a  iketcl)  of  the  their  {losition  on  the  eventful  night 
scene.  Madame  Schopenhauer  haa  ivhcn  they  found  themselves  fugitive* 
done  so  in  her  amusing  autobiography,  ivitli  their  parontd,  and  hastening  with 
Her  sketch  is  crowded  with  figures  (hem  towai*de  the  frontier.  It  was  the 
like  one  ofCallot's  etchings;  but  amid  last  daj  even  of  npnarent  sovereignty; 
the  crossing,  glittering,  and  panting  but  if  the  two"diildren  of  France" 
throngs  we  discern  a  group  wherein  ceased  to  recognise  the  Eing  and 
we  recognise  once  more  tbe  princeas  IJuecn,  around  whom  no  longer  dione 
of  whom  we  are  especially  treating,  that  hedging  of  divinity  which  the 
"A  smiling  little  boy,"  says  Madame  poet  spcfuis  of,  their  young  hearts  were 
Schopenhauer,  "was  jutting  in  h  child's  full  ofa  tender  ulTeution  as  ardently  re- 
carriage  on  the  great  terrace,  close  to  turned.  Ilut  then  ensued  that  terrible 
the  p^occ,  and  a  slim  pale  little  girl  scene  of  discovery  at  the  resting-place 
of  about  ci»ht  years  of  ue  walked  by  on  the  rond,  where  not  only  the  King, 
hii  side,  holding  his  band  and  looking  with  bis  consort,  was  Jegradoil  inpra- 
with  merry  eyes  on  the  gay  world  scnce  of  his  eubjeels,  but  ibe  parent* 
around   her.      That    boy,"   adds   the  were  iliBhonoured  before  the  eyes  of 


lady,  "  was  the  most  innocent  si  

of  the  time — it  was  the  Dauphin.  Tbe  peaii>d  tt    . 

delicate  little  nvmph  was  nil   aisler,  crowd,  whioh  was  as  the  rock  d         ^ 

afterwards   Duchess    of    Angoulemei  tliem  bock  into  the  tossed  sea  wherein 

one  of  tbe   most  unfortunate  of  her  they  were  to  perish,  and  appealed  Id 

family.     Tbe   haughty   but   beautiful  vain.     As  tbe  Queen  sank  back  in  ft 

Diana   de  Polignoc  accompanied  the  passion  of  tears,  the  young  girl,  her 

royal    children;  perhaps    it   was   the  daugbter,began  hcrpart  of  comforter. 

sigbt  of  her,  so  hateful  to  tbe  people,  Ile:Lrt broken   herself  she   would  fain 

who  suspected  her  of  being  the  dan-  be  (he  herald  of  hope  to  those  who 

gerous  adviser  of  the  Queen,  that  kept  were  surrendered  to  despair,  and  when 

the  many  promenaders  hi  the  garden  the  little  Dauphin  fell  sobbing  on  htr 

from  saluting   the  little   Dauphin  in  neck   she  mode   him   smile  with   tbe 

their  usual  hearty  style."     The  mere  onsurance   that   he  would  soon  be  a 

(westige  of  monarchy  had  already  pe-  hupiiv  boy  a^oiu  in  dear  Versaillea. 

rished   in   the  eyes  of  the  multitude,  Wnat  ifaefiiir  girl,  who  ailentlykept 

and  Franklin's  grey  locki  were  more  her  terrors  to  herself,  beheld  on  their 

honoured   by   them   than   tbe  gilded  progress  homeward  as  captives,  is  too 

sceptre  of  the  sons  of  St.  Louis.  well  known  to  need  rcpetiUon.     She 

This  was  well  nigh  the  last  of  the  bore  the  trial  with  a  dignity  that  im- 

happy  days  for  both  cbildien  and  pa-  parted  courage  even  to  tbe  at&ighted 

rents.     It  was  tbe  last  court  at  which  Duuphin,  and  these  together  endured 

"' ""            -  ->  •                 a 'ed  to  without  comidaint  the  wanle  and  pri- 

King  vationi  of  that  terrible  journey,  the 

"'■"-  hnat,  the  hunger,  and  the  thirM ;  tbe 


576 


The  Duchess  of  AngouUme, 


[Dec. 


imprecations  of  the  frantic  multitude ; 
and  tlie  menaces  flung  at  their  own 
young  lioads.  Thenceforth  the  cruel 
anguish  oi'  their  lives  became  more 
embittered  on  each  succeeding  day; 
but,  even  when  at  length  the  victims 
were  driven  into  the  gloomy  captivity 
of  the  Temple,  Madame  Royale  never 
repined.  Those  she  loved  were  with 
her,  and  for  the  moment  they  were  at 
rest. 

Brief  was  the  rest  and  hot  the  per- 
secution that  followed  it.  The  old 
friends  and  servants  of  the  sovereign, 
the  young  friends  and  companions  of 
the  children,  were  alike  ordered  to  de- 
part from  the  precincts  of  the  Temple ; 
and  Madame  Hoy  ale  never  again  be- 
held Pauline  de  Tourzel,  the  sister  of 
her  heart.  Time  brought  but  aggra- 
vated misery.  The  prison  attendants 
covered  the  walls  with  menacing  in- 
scriptions; they  especially  delighted 
in  puffing  the  smoke  from  their  pipes 
into  the  face  of  the  pale  daughter  of 
the  King ;  and  grew  refined  in  cruelty, 
that  they  might  extort  complaint  from 
her  who  received  every  insult  with  a 
patient,  saddening  smile.  Nothing 
could  move  her  but  the  misfortunes  of 
others.  She  tended  with  calm  but 
active  cheerfulness  the  sick  and  harsh 
wife  of  their  brutal  jailor ;  and  gave 
example  of  submission  to  the  dbread 
visitation  which  had  fallen  upon  her 
family,  by  fulfilling  the  meanest  offices 
with  a  gracefulness  that  occasionally 
soflened,  for  a  happy  hour  or  two,  even 
the  hearts  of  those  who  had  the  mis- 
sion of  persecuting  the  royal  captives 
generally.  She  shared  with  her  aunt, 
the  Princess  Elizabeth,  a  sleeping  apart- 
ment, miserably  furnished,  through 
which  the  lowest  ruffians  of  the  prison 
had  passage  for  one  particular  purjwse. 
But  this  and  much  worse  was  borne 
with  enduring  heroism ;  nature  first 
gave  way  in  her  when,  one  day,  a 
commission  waited  on  the  King  to 
examine  him  on  matters  in  which  the 
nation  was  interested.  At  the  voice 
of  one  of  the  members  she  seemed 
suddenly  turned  to  stone,  she  looked 
up  at  his  face,  uttered  a  shriek  of 
heart-rending  woe,  and  swooned  in  the 
arms  of  her  terror-stricken  mother. 
She  had  recognised  Drouet,  who,  by 
arresting  the  royal  family  in  their 
flight,  was  the  cause  of  all  the  misery 
int/)  which  they  were  now  thrown. 
2 


The  second  time  that  feeling  triumphed 
over  her  strong  will  was  wncn  the  last 
interview  took  place  between  the  un- 
fortunate Louis  and  his  weeping  fa* 
mily.  They  had  listened  to  the  in- 
1  unctions  of  the  fallen  monarch  with 
loving  reverence,  they  had  clun^  to 
him  convulsively  in  one  long  combmed 
embrace;  kiss  for  kiss  and  tear  for 
tear  had  been  exchanged ; — as  he  ut- 
tered the  word  Adieu^  the  vaults  of 
the  gloomy  prison  re-echoed  with  the 
shrieks  of  tne  wife  and  sister  of  the 
King.  There  were  two  who  were 
silent,  the  Dauphin,  who  gazed  as  one 
spell-stricken  upon  the  face  of  his 
father,  and  Madame  Royale,  who  had 
fainted  at  his  feet.  It  was  for  some 
time  thought  that  she  was  dead,  but 
she  had  other  martyrdoms  to  suffer 
ere  she  might  follow  the  smiling  sum- 
mons of  the  Inevitable  Angel. 

The  vengeance  of  the  people  struck 
three  terrible  blows  at  the  peace  of  this 
poor,  innocent  girl,  under  which  the  old 

faiety  of  her  heart  perished  for  ever, 
[er  father  was  suillotined  on  the  21st 
January,  1793.  Her  mother  was  mur- 
dered on  the  16th  of  the  following 
October.  During  the  seven  followinflr 
months  she  and  her  sole  permitted 
companion,  the  Princess  Elizabeth, 
sighed  through  a  dreary  winter  and  a 
spring  void  of  promise.  On  the  9th  of 
May,  1794,  under  circumstances  of 
great  cruelty,  the  saintly  aunt  and 
niece  were  divided.  Ine  Princess 
Elizabeth  was  executed,  and  Madame 
Koyale,  left  alone  in  want,  ra^  and 
hopelessness,  buried  her  face  m  her 
hands,  and  almost  believed  in  the  es- 
trangement of  the  Providence  of  God. 
In  a  little  room  near  her  own,  but 
from  which  she  was  debarred  access, 
lay  a  i)oor  boy.  The  little  captive 
was  but  eight  ^ears  old,  and  with  this 
unoffisnding  child  the  majesty  of  the 
nation,  concentrated  in  the  person  of 
its  agent  Simon,  condescended  to  hold 
a  contest  unexampled  for  atrodtj. 
The  poor  Dauphin,  afler  he  was  torn 
from  his  motner,  was  flung  into  a 
darkened  room ;  he  was  beaten  into 
servility,  and  systematically  terrified 
into  idiotcy.  He  was  compelled  to 
utter  obscene  songs  in  the  hearing  of 
his  sister,  who  comprehended  them 
not,  and  finally,  when  a  semi-stanra- 
tion  had  robbed  his  voice  of  power,  he 
was  permanently  locked  up  m  gloom, 


18&1.J  Tht  DucheM  o/AngouUme.  577 

and  tiicre  fur  a.  wbolc  year  of  hideous  month  of  her  tm-ivul,  that  she  gave 

euffaring  lie  was  kept  in  Uirt,  wont,  her  hand  to  her  cousin  the  Due  dAn- 

nnd   disease.     During  that   time   the  goulfme,  the  eldest  son  of  the  Count 

bed,  from  which  he  never  rose,  was  d'Artois,  subsequentljr  Chsrles  X.    It 

not  once  made   nor  the  linen  changed,  was  a  marriage  of  polic}',  and  her  heart 

The  scanty  food  of  the  little  sulferer  wna  not  concerned  therein.     That  — 

was  flung  to  him  as  to  a  dog  \  and,  Hxed  above  worldly  tranaactionB ; 

amid  persecution  tike  this,  died  day  an  ufiectionate  frienUsbip  and  a  ntut 

by  day  he  who  in  the  fiuthful  vision  respect   gave  dignity  to  a  union, 

of  legitimacy  was  now  the  Urand  Mo-  the  making  of  which  love  had  not  pre-    \ 

Qorquc.    Poor  Gnuid  Monttrque  I    His  sided. 

teign  of  sorrow  expired  on  the  Sth  of        Atler  sixteen  years  more  spent  in 

June,  1793.    Never  was  raurder  more  wandering  from  court  to  court  upon 

dastardly  than  that  slowly  committed  the  continent,  or  iu  the  quiet  retire- 

Upon  this  hapless  prince;  by  it  Madame  meut  of  Hartwetl,*  the  course  ofeventa 

Itoyale  remained  the  sole  survivor  of  carried  Louis  XVIII.  to  the  throne  of 

the  five  royal  captives  of  the  Temple.  France,  and  the  Duchess  of  Angoa-    ^ 

Her  presence  embarrassed  those  who  Idme  once  more  slept  beneath  the  roof   j 

detained  her ;  but  it  probably  would  from   whence   her   parents   hod  been, 

Bot  have  embarraaaed  them  long  save  driven  to   prison  and  to  death.     Oa   * 

for  an  accident  by  which  they  profited  the  4th  of  May,  1814,  the  capital  wib-   ' 

BO  aa  to  rid  themselves  of  her  with  nesscd  the  return  of  the  lon^-exilad    , 

bonoLir.     The  tired  tigers  alTectcd  for  Bourbons.     On    the    5th,   while    the 

a  moment  tu  be  weary  of  slaying,  and  Tuilleries  was  receiving  its  countless    j 

they  glndly  accepted  the  ofter  ot  Aus-  throngs  hastening  to  do  honja"0  to  the    1 

tria  to  exchange  for  her  the  commia*  "desired"  King,  a  curious  and  touch-   | 

sionerswhoniDumouriezhaddelivered  ing   scene  was   passing   iu   the   little   ' 

to  the  enemy  as  hostages  for  the  lives  orchard  which  had  been  planted  on 

of  Louis  XVI.  and  nis  Queen.    In  the   site    of  the    cemetery    wherein 

the   month   of   December    1795    the  Louis  XVI.,  Marie  Antoinette,  and  so- 

{trincess  was  conveyed  to  the  frontier,  many  other  of  the  victims  by  whose   ] 

and  the  exchange  cnected.  Her  friends  death  liberty   was   to  find  life,  werft 

were  unable  to  recognise  in  the  pale  unceremoniously    interred.      As    old 

and  attenuated  girl  ofseventeen,  trem-  man  was  seen  walking  in  the  inclosurtr,, 

bling  in  every  limb,  tottering  at  every  with  a  ludy  of  middle  age  and  ofgrava 

step,    whispering    her    words    under  aspect.     The  old  man  was  M.  Desclo- 

nncient  influences  of  fear,  and  without  seaux,  who  had  purchased  the  cenie< 

Sower  lo  look  steadfiially  in  the  sun-  tery  and  converted  it  into  an  orchard| 

eht  from  which  ahc  hod  been  BO  long  religiously   marking   the    spot   wheM 

bidden, — in   this   poor  remnant  of  a  the  royal  martyrs  lay,  and  preservioK 

princely   house   Ihcy  were  unable  to  it  with  a  care  so  dexterously  contrived 

recognise  aught  of  the  bright  spirit  that  no  one  suspected  the  supposed  Ja< 

and  airy  being  that  once  gave  glad-  cobin  to  be  the  purchaser  of  tbeconse- 

ness  to  the  last  court  ever  held  by  crated  ground  of  royalism.  lliscndur* 

monarch    in    proud   Versailles.     She  ing  fidelity  procured  for  the  Duchess 

bad  been  rescued  from  death,  but  it  thefirstpureand pious joyoftheresto- 

was  only  to  assume  a  weary  pilgrimage  ration.     Her  emotion  scarcely  left  her 

of  some  twentyyears.    Foraliouttwo  power  to  acknowledge  a  service  so 

years  and  a  half  she  found  an  asylum  grateful  to  her  heart.     She  knelt  and 

at  the  hearth  of  her  mother's  diiild-  prayed  there  for  the  souls   of  those 

boud ;  but  this,  in  May  1798,  she  ex-  who  slept  at  her  feet.     Un  the  21et  of 

changed   for   the   graver   and   colder  the  succoedinv  January  she  bore  the 

refuge  to  which  she  was  summoned  at  chief  part  in  the  solemn  pageant  when 

Mittau.     It  was  in  this  dull  (own  of  the  ashes  of  her  parents  were  conveyed 

dull    and    ducal   Courland    that   her  to  the  ro^al  tombs  at  St.  Denis.     On 

uncle  Louis  XVIII.  kept  his  banished  the   original   ground   she   erected  an 

Btate;  and  it  was  here,  and  within  a  expiatory  chapel;  and  thitlier  she  was 


*  The  Duchnsa  of  Angaal&ue,  when  at  Hutw«lt,  was  depicted  in  uor  Uut  Miga- 
line,  f.  492. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVL  4B 


y 


578 


The  Duchess  ofAngoulSme. 


[Dec, 


wont  frequently  to  retire  from  the 
brilliant  court,  kneeling  in  prayer,  or 
seated  in  long  and  sad  meditation  be- 
fore the  cippi  marked  with  the  inscrip- 
tion, "  Has  ultra  metas  quiescunt.*' 

The  "  hundred  days "  compelled 
her  to  seek  an  asylum  once  more  in 
England ;  but  she  did  not  retire  from 
France  without  personally  attempting 
to  arouse  the  people  to  make  a  stand 
atrainst  the  invader.  Her  heroic  con- 
duct at  Bordeaux  excited  the  admi- 
ration even  of  Napoleon.  But  all 
efforts  to  inspire  the  soldiery  with 
attachment  to  the  Bourbons  were  in 
vain.  "  You  fear,"  she  exclaimed ; 
"  I  pity  you,  and  release  you  from 
your  oaths."  When  the  last  expir- 
mg  glare  of  the  empire  was  trodden 
out,  and  the  Bourbons  returned  to 
play  out  their  last  act,  the  Duchess  of 
Angouleine  entered  the  Tuilleries  on 
the  28th  of  July,  1815.—"  The  28th 
July,  1815:— the  28th  July,  18301" 
Therein  lies  the  whole  history  of  the 
restoration. 

\Vith  the  politics  of  that  comedy  of 
fifteen  years  she  never  meddled,  al- 
thougli  she  was  often  accused,  as  was 
her  unfortunate  mother,  of  exercising 
an  evil  iniluencc  in  affairs  of  state. 
Her  now  fixed  austerity  of  look,  born 
of  the  cruel  torture  of  her  youth,  was 
sometimes  taken  to  interpret  a  corre- 
sponding hardness  of  heart,  but  never 
was  heart  more  compassionate,  and 
whenever  a  mother  for  a  son,  or  rela- 
tive for  a  kinsman,  had  to  ask  for  the 
life  which  the  law  pronounced  for- 
feited, the  mercy  of  tlie  King  was  in- 
variably sought  through  the  medium 
of  the  Duchess.  She  had  endured  the 
great  woe  whicli  made  her  heart  bleed 
for  all  who  were  threatened  witli  a  simi- 
lar ailliction.  Characteristic  of  her  ne- 
ver-dying memory  of  past  grief  is  the 
fact  that  during  the  wnole  time  of  her 
residence  in  Paris  she  never  crossed  the 
spot  whereon  her  parents  had  {lerished. 
Her  carriiige  invariably  made  a  wide 
detour  to  avoid  this  locality,  and  on 
the  day  of  1824  when  an  altar  was 
erected  where  the  guillotine  of  the 
Place  Louis  XV.  Imd  stood,  ajid  the 
religious  ollice  of  purification  was  per- 
f brined  in  the  presence  of  the  court 
and  a  vast  multitude  of  people,  the 
only  member  of  the  royal  family  who 
had  not  courage  to  attend  was  the 
daughter  of  tlie  pair  who  had  there  so 
cruelly  perished. 


On  the  night  of  the  Slst  July,  1830, 
Charles  X.  with  the  Duke  of  Angoa- 
leme,  the  Duchess  of  Berry  and  her 
children,  were  taking  trembhng  refuge 
at  BambouiUet,  the  stage  wnere  n 
often  the  monarchical  tragedy  in 
France  has  enacted  its  last  scene* 
The  Duchess  of  Anffoulcme  arrived 
there  alone,  after  much  peril,  skilfbU/ 
avoided.  The  old  King,  on  beboldina 
her,  thought  only  of  the  misery  whicE 
was  again  brought  down  upon  her 
head  by  his  fatfd  ordinances  levelled 
aeainst  the  popular  freedom.  He 
asked  her  forgiveness  with  such  hu^ 
mility  that  she,  who  had  not  wept  be* 
fore,  wept  now,  bade  him  take  coumgei 
and  cheered  him,  first  with  the  assurv 
ence  that  she  had  come  to  share  in  the 
common  woe,  and  secondly  with  the 
hope  that  during  life  they  would  be 
permitted  to  remain  united  and  re- 
signed. 

On  the  third  of  August,  while  the 
white  flag  was  lazily  throwing  out  ita 
folds  to  the  wind,  six  carriages  bore 
from  Rambouillet  all  that  was  led  of 
the  shipwrecked  monarchy*  In  the 
fifth  carriage  the  Duchess  sat  alone 
with  one  lady  of  honour,  escorted  on 
horseback  by  the  Duke  her  husband, 
whose  heavy  and  unconcerned  fiuse 
lefl  no  man  to  guess  whether  he  waa 
sad  or  rejoiced  that  he  waa  riding 
awav  from  a  lost  inheritance.  Aa  the 
sixth  carriage,  with  the  ex-king  and 
his  attendants  rolled  into  the  high 
road  from  beneath  the  archway,  the 
white  flag  of  the  old  monarchy  waa 
struck,  and  the  tricolor  of  the  new 
regime  run  up  in  its  stead. 

England  afforded  a  temporary  real* 
ing  place  to  the  wanderers;  bnl 
ultimately  the  Duchess  found  a  home 
once  more,  and  for  the  last  timei 
in  the  native  country  of  the  mother 
that  she  loved.  The  last  Teara  of 
her  life  were  passed  at  Frohadorf,  e 
castle  (as  the  uuge  white  manaion  ia 
courteously  called)  wluch  ahe  pmN 
chased  of  a  banished  queen,  like  nnle 
herself— Caroline  Murat,  ex-ooeen  of 
Naples.  In  this  sombre  ^  wara,**  over- 
looking the  Hungarian  frontier,  Ae 
resided,  under  the  title  of  the  Counteai 
of  Mamc,  and  kept  up  a  little  ooiut» 
of  which  her  nephew,  the  Henry  V*  of 
the  Legitimists,  was  the  real  head. 
Sad,  yet  serene,  and  with  e  atnu|ge 
but  strong  affection  for  that  BVuioe 
which  had  so  cruelly  wowided  Imt, 


1861.] 


On  MttUreval  Art. 


she  here  brought  her  erentful  life  to  a     and  tears  of  the  loved  relaliveB  Hnd 


close.  During  her  residence  there  she 
granted  an  audience  the  jear  before 
iHst  to  a  republican  visitor  named 
Didier,  #ho  has  publiihed  a  recofd 
of  his  visit.  The  djnastj  which  had 
flung  down  her  own  was  then  itself  in 
the  dust.    "  Madame,"  said  H.  Didier, 


faithful  friends  who  formed  her  little 
court.  Her  lost  looks  were  directed 
Ui  thfi  portraits  of  her  parents,  the 
i-acred  relita  of  whom  wure  at  her 
right  hand,  nanielj  the  vest  whioh  her 
father  wore  when  he  asccmled  the 
scaSiild,  and  the  luce  cap  which  her 


Louis  Phili 


□possible  that  you  have  not     mother  made  with  her  own  hands 
finger  of  God  in  the  fall  of    npi         ■     ■    - 


mpartnnate 


lublican 


pressed  the  matter,  sajiog, 
dame,  confess  that.  In  spite  of  your 
Christian  magnanimity,  the  day  on 
which  this  intelligence  reached  yon 
was  far  from  being  the  most  painfUl 
of  your  life,"  she  remaned  silent,  "but 
looked  at  me,"  says  M.  Didier,  "with 
an  air  which  seemed  to  say  'Tou  are 
Baking  too  much.' " 

Her  laat  illness  manifested  itself 
onlv  on  the  19th  of  October.  On  the 
I6tli  she  was  incapable  of  attending 
the  religious  service  from  which  she 
had  never  before  been  absent-     '' 


before  the  revolutionary 
lunal.  The  memory  of  the  wrongs 
with  which  these  relics  might  have  in- 
spired her,  did  not  cause  her  to  forget 
her  father','  injunctions  to  forgive  all. 
Her  last  will  affords  noble  tealimoay 
that  this  injunction  was  well  observed, 
and  Marie  Therese  Charlotte  of  France 
hasgooeto  the  rest  for  which  she  longed, 
bequeathing  to  Ihe  world  a  legacv  of 
love  for  every  wound  inflicted.  Of  the 
seventy-three  venrs  of  her  life,  she 
passed  eight  (the  best  of  her  youth) 
m  restraint  or  in  a  dungeon,  and  thirty- 
eight  in  exile  ;  and  yet  she  died  ao- 
knowledging  the  mercies  and  the  glory 
of  God.  Let  us  who  have  not  known 
affliction,  or  who  have  been  but  lightly 


tervioe  for  the  repose  of  the  soul  of    visited,  derive  wisdom  from  the  ii 


T  mother,  tfae  anniversary  of  Whose 
death  felt  on  that  day.  On  the  19th 
she  calmly  expired,  amid  the  prayers 


1  oiTered  us  by  the  pious  daugh- 
ter of  Louis  Seize  nnd  jilHrieAntol- 


THE  Historv  of  Art  sets  ftrth  cer- 
taiti  peculiar  forms  of  treatment  ae 
having  prevailed  amongst  certain  races 
ofmen.or  in  certain  locallties,ar  at  cer- 
tain periods.  There  is  between  auch 
aspects  of  art  and  their  several  eras  and 
cottntries,  and  the  people  among  wholn 
they  have  flourished,  an  association  the 


There  is  another  point  which  de* 
mands  C9[>ccial  notice  in  the  histo^ 
of  Ihe  progress  of  art:  it  is,  the  in- 
fluence exercised  bv  the  past  in  art 
upon  its  fiiture.  Taoae  great  indivi- 
duilitici  which  have  from  time  to 
lime  appeared,  and  which  in  the  course 
of  til 


4 


Closestandmostabsoiute:  thcybearthe     forma    of  art  —  have  ever  been 


[e  distinctive  appellation! ;  together 
ttiej[  flourish,  and  tt^ether  they  yield  to 
the  innovating  inflaences  of  tunc.  For, 
be  it  remembered,  art  shares  to  the  fiill 
In  all  the  chances  and  changes  of  things 
terrestrial— that  is,  so  ftr  as  to  be  ItaSf 
liable  to  chance  and  chuiffe  In  the 
forms  of  its  expfeasion  and  m  the  con- 
ditiona  of  its  practical  application. 
Thus  it  comes  to  pass  that  there  are 
"i  the  development  of  art  the  pecu- 
•"•'■ 'which  we  have  spokr—   —' 


that    these    peculiarities 


n  definite  position  in  a  c 
advancing  system - 


possess  powerful  claims  not  only 
upon  the  attentive  regard  of  suc- 
ceeding generations,  but  also  upon 
their  careful  study  as  cither  models 
or  nominga.  Men  look  back  upon 
what  art  has  been,  and  feel  in* 
etiijctively  that  the  deep  workinn 
of  their  fellow -men  coma  down  dD 
them  with  a  kindling  appeal  to  Iheie 
own  worm  sympathies,  and  more* 
over  with  the  strong  gnarantee  of 
.  and'  Bupcesal'nl  realities ;  or  else,  if  the 
their     retrospect  serve   but  to   exhibit  the 


DtiniuUy     results  of  degradcil  sentiments  Aott 
vitiated  taste,  in  this  oaae  Ihe  epoa> 


580 


On  Medupval  Art 


[Dec- 


tancous  regret  which  is  excited  be- 
cause the  record  of  such  things  should 
exist,  will  serve  in  nobler  minds  to 
strengthen  the  desire  to  avoid  their 
repetition. 

T^ow  it  is  apparent  that  the  practical 
study  of  former  developments  of  art 
may  either  assume  the  character  of 
direct  and  absolute  reproduction,  or 
it  may  lead  to  such  a  general  mastery 
of  former  principles  as  may  re-animate 
those  principles  in  a  manner  at  once 
consistent  with  the  original  authority 
and  appropriate  to  the  requirements 
of  present  circumstances:  and  again, 
in  order  to  render  the  research  really 
beneficial,  it  is  essential  that  the  stu- 
dent possess  the  faculty  of  discrimi- 
nating between  what  really  merits  his 
respect  and  admiration,  and  what  we 
have  iust  designated  as  "  warnings " 
In  other  words,  and  to  apply  the  sub- 
ject at  once  to  ourselves, — we  may 
either  copy  the  works  of  the  masters 
of  past  times,  or  we  may  learn  to  work 
in  their  spirit :  and  in  like  manner,  if 
we  have  true  taste  and  right  feeling, 
we  shall  rightly  and  truly  discriminate 
between  the  worthy  and  the  beautiful 
in  past  art,  and  what  is  worthless  and 
degrading.  And  all  these  things  are 
to  us,  at  this  present  time,  matters  of 
the  utmost  interest  and  importance ; 
inasmuch  as  we  now  are,  in  almost 
every  department  of  human  industry, 
labouring  after  that  particular  species 
of  improvement  which  has  produced 
the  term  "  art-manufactures^ '  and  of 
which  ornamentation  is  a  primary 
clement :  and  moreover,  we  arc  carry- 
ing on  this  pursuit  without  any  deter- 
mined style  of  art  which  we  recognise 
as  our  own,  and,  what  is  even  more 
perilous  to  the  cause  of  true  art 
amongst  us,  without  any  prevalent 
notion  upon  the  sul)ject  of  ornamenta- 
tion at  all,  except  a  determination  to 
have  it,  and  a  desire  to  derive  it  from 
existing  artistic  sources.  The  event 
of  the  year  now  hurrying  to  its  close, 
the  Great  Industrial  Exhibition,  was 
a  striking,  nay,  a  startling  illustration 
of  this  thirst  for  ornamentation,  and 
unqualified  adoption  of  post  modes  of 
producing  it.  It  may  be  added,  that 
the  Exhibition  is  no  less  illustrative 
of  the  fact  that  our  present  general 
aim  has  scarcely  risen  above  a  desire 
to  copy,  than  that  it  tends  to  show 
that  f()r  the  most  part  we  sit  down  to 


our  copying  task  in  schools  of  most 
questionable  worth.  In  the  wonder- 
ml  and  altogether  unprecedented  col- 
lection which  so  long  riveted  the 
public  gaze,  and  which  may  be  said  to 
have  almost  absorbed  the  faculties  of 
the  public  mind,  the  vast  m^jorit/  of 
worKs,  the  production  of  our  own 
country,  which  can  in  any  respect  be 
considered  as  coming  unaer  the  cog- 
nizance of  art,  were  found,  when 
thoroughly  searched  out,  to  be  bnt 
copies  from  the  Renaissance  and  the 
styles  of  the  14th  and  15th  Louis  of 
France.  The  same  remark  will  ex- 
tend to  the  productions  of  most  of  the 
other  countries  of  Europe.  We  do 
not  hesitate  to  declare  of  these  schools 
of  art  that  thej  are  altogether  un- 
worthy of  our  imitation,  even  as  we 
hold  all  mere  imitation  to  be  unworthy 
of  us.  Apply  to  any  or  every  one  of 
these  imitative  examples  the  noble 
definition  of  all  true  ornamentation, 
that  it  is  the  **  exprenUm  ofmtaC*  de» 
light  in  Qod9  works^ — ^test  them  by 
comparison  with  the  principle  dis- 
played in  the  decorative  processes  of 
nature^  and  they  will  stand  confessed 
in  their  true  capacity.  In  those  other 
works  also  in  the  Great  Exhibition 
which  were  of  a  character  more  de- 
terminately  artistic  than  art-manufac- 
tures can  well  be  considered,  the  same 
debased  tone  of  art  miffht  be  shewn 
to  have  been  lamentaUy  prevalent. 
There  were  indeed  in  every  quarter 
some  few  brilliant  exceptions:  but 
these,  as  of  old,  served  but  to  establish 
the  prevailing  rule. 

It  is  not,  however,  in  accordance 
with  our  present  purpose  to  do  more 
than  touch  slightly  upon  the  subject 
of  art  in  cither  its  own  broad  compre- 
hensiveness of  character  or  its  present 
general  application  amongst  ourselves 
with  special  reference  to  the  Great 
Industrial  Exhibition :  in  place  of  any 
more  extended  examination  of  tlM 
entire  subject,  we  desire  rather  to 
proceed  from  a  mere  pasung  obserrA- 
tion  of  a  general  nature  to  a  smnewhat 
less  indefinite  notice  of  one  particular 
compartment  in  the  Exhibition  which 
professed  to  carry  back  the  minds  of 
observers  to  a  period  of  art  anterior 
to  the  Renaissance,  and  which  might 
also  have  been  expected  by  our  fellow- 
countrymen  to  possess  at  least  some 
attributes  of  nationality.    For  we  are 


1851.]  m  the  GrMl  ExhibUion.  581 

wont  to  esUinate  the  arts  of  tbe  raid-  of  medinvol  art  as  it  was  treated  by 
die  ages  as  havins  flourished  on  Ed-  medieval  arlisEa  aud  artificers;  and 
gUeb  aoil  oa  in  ft  cherished  home ;  ami  it  ought  also  to  have  illustrated  the 
we  now  refer  (b  thu  "  MxdiaivjU.  equitlly  uoneietcnt  apjilicability  of  the 
Covkt" — the  mirror  of  Gothic  art  in  spirit  of  mediiuval  art  to  the  require- 
the  midst  of  the  Great  Eshibitiou  of  ments  and  circumstances  now  existing 
the  ludustrf  of  All  Nations  and  of  in  our  own  dajs.  Above  all,  it  ought 
oil  Times,  and  the  depository  of  tbe  not  toharcbeen  a  mere  Ronionistdia- 
evidence  of  its  revired  energies.  play:  if  it  were  to  huve  contained 
This  mediaival  court  coutained  a  exaraplesof  Romanist  monuments  and 
numerous  collection  of  specimens  of  Romanist  altars  aud  ornaments,  most 
Tarious  objects  produced  from  everj  certainly  there  ought  also  to  have  been 
diversity  of  materials,  of  which  b^  far  present  at  least  an  ei|iially  compre- 
the  greater  part  were  exclusively  hensiye  and  equally  practical  illustra- 
adapted  to  ceremonials  and  practices  tioD  of  the  application  of  Gothic  art 
connected  with  the  worship  of  the  to  the  purposes  of  our  Protestant 
Church  of  Rome,  the  remainder  being  ecclesiastical  architecture  with  all  its 
either  examples  of  sepulchral  memo-  accessories,  and  to  our  FrotesUnt 
rials  also  exclusively  Romanist  in  monnments.  In  this  latter  respect  the 
character,  or  details  of  ecclesiastical  medieval  court  wa4<  wanting  alta< 
architecture,  together  with  some  few  getber  ;  and,  therefore,  it  altc^ether 
decorative  accessories  in  the  copacity  failed  to  do  justice  to  meiiissval  art, 
of  furniture,  ajul  some  personal  or-  and  at  the  same  time  it  suffered  an 
naments.  Tbe  flrst  iraprcseion  pro-  unprecedented  opportunity  for  esta- 
duced  by  this  assemblage  as  a  whole  blishing  the  comprehensive  character  of 
(and  with  ourselves  the  last  impres-  that  style  of  art  to  pass  by  witliout 
aion  was  precisely  the  same)  was,  that  even  an  attempt  to  use  and  apply  it. 
its  primary  and  indeed  sole  design  And  m  again  in  the  matter  of  adapt- 
was  to  illustrate,  not  the  artjt  of  a  ing  racdiieval  principles  to  modera 
particular  period,  but  the  appurte-  usages  :  this  was  neglected  absolutely, 
nances  of  a  particular  form  of  worship,  in  order  to  reproduce  fac'similes  of 
These  things  may  perhaps  have  been  mediaeval  works  with  modem  dates. 
held  to  be  identical  by  the  directing  Nor  was  the  copying  parUcuIorly  suc- 
juid  controlling  spirits  who  presided  ccssful ;  that  ii,  it  was  not  strictly 
over  the  preparotion  of  the  several  exactoscopying,  andconsenuently  not 
componenta  of  this  collection,  and  to  strictly  trnlnful  as  illustrative  of  the 
whom  the  medinval  court  itself  was  past, — as  was  strikingly  shewn  in  the 
indebted  for  its  composition  and  ar-  absence  of  chronological  conaistenoy 
rangement.  Nevertheless,  the  very  between  the  episcopal  efiigy  and  its 
contrary  is  the  fact ;  and,  therefore,  elaborately  carved  tomb  and  monli> 
the  medieval  department  of  the  Great  mental  canopy.*  Again,  in  snowier 
Exhibition  ought  to  have  set  forth  the  point  of  view  was  mediieval  art  Im- 
true  reality  of  Gothic  art  as  it  was  perfectly,  or  rather  erronconsly  set 
and  is  in  ilaelf ;  and  it  ought  also  to  forth  in  the  meiliteval  court;  that  il, 
have  sbevrn  in  the  present  adoption  in  tbe  almost  exclusively  ecclesiastictl 
of  this  great  art  the  universal  applica-  capacity  of  the  objects  exhibited ; 
iility  of  its  essential  principles.  It  whereas,  in  reality,  the  Gothic  as  an 
ought  to  have  exemplified  the  art«  of  art  is  as  well  adapted  to  every  seculoi 
the  middle  ages  in  their  progress,  and  purpose  as  to  the  peculiar  require- 
to  have  exhibited  the  distiagnishiog  ments  of  religious  worship.  Gothic 
^pes  of  their  advancing  development,  art  is  certainly  not  a  Romanist  Church 
it  ought  to  have  shewn  true  and  ex-  art,  neither  is  it  exclusively  a  Church 
Actlj  faithful  specimens  of  the  working  art  at  all..  In  its  true  sjurit  it  ii,  in 


*  Tbe  mediKval  copjists  lecm  tctj  genersll;  in  thetr  ova  prodaetiona  to  have  lost 
tight  of  chronological  prnpriet;  :  thus,  in  the  mstleror  tCBtment  snd  insignia,  we  foand 
in  th«  Great  Eihibition  figures  of  >n  Archbiab«|i  of  CsnCerburir  of  tbe  12lh  century, 
■ndof  an  Archbishop  of  PMria  of  tlie  19th  century,  both  bnbittil  sftcr  the  diitinctlve 
fcihioni  of  ODE  and  the  aame  period  of  mediKval  art. 


582 


On  Mediaval  Art 


[Dec 


architecture,  in  furniture,  in  orna- 
mentation of  every  kind  and  class  and 
order,  ecjuallj  fitted  for  churches  and 
for  other  public  buildings,  for  schools 
and  private  dwellings  and  cottnges, 
and  so  also  for  every  variety  of  acces- 
sory. We  should  gladly  nave  wel- 
comed in  the  Crystal  Palace  such  a 
mediaeval  court  as  would  have  shewn 
of  what  medioeval  art  really  is  capable  : 
how  suitable  also  it  is,  or  rather  how 
suitable  it  is  capable  of  being  made,  to 
ourselves  as  a  national  style.  We 
are  persuaded  that  in  that  capacity  it 
would  readily  be  recognised,  if  it  could 
but  be  thoroughly  exemplified,  and 
if  the  examples  were  but  adduced,  ex- 
amined, and  universally  known.  In 
making  so  broad  an  assertion,  we  arc 
speaking  of  the  spirit  and  the  prin- 
ciples of  (jrothic  art,  not  merely  of 
their  past  working  and  expression :  it 
must  not  be  supposed  that  we  desire 
to  be  surroundeil  by  mere  copies  of 
what  the  men  of  the  middle  ages  actu- 
allv  did. 

The  study  of  Gothic  architecture 
and  of  the  various  forms  and  condi- 
tions of  nicdiffivid  art  hus  of  late  been 
singularly  prevalent  amongst  us  ;  and 
yet  all  this  study  has  been  productive 
of  but  little  practical  effect  in  the 
matter  of  revival.  This  is  surely  the 
result  of  a  mistaken  system  of  study, 
which  has  almost  universally  substi- 
tuted a  desire  to  reproduce  me<lia?val 
works  for  an  endeavour  to  master 
mediajval  principles  of  working.  It  is 
full  time  in  such  a  matter  to  adopt 
the  only  true  system  of  successful  in- 
vestigation ;  and  this  made  the  me- 
dieval court  of  the  Great  Exhibition 
80  much  the  more  to  be  lamented  ;  in- 
asmuch as  it  has  been  a  decided  im- 
pediment to  the  revival  of  mediajval 
art,  for  the  simple  reason  that  it  had 
no  power  either  to  engage  our  sympa- 
thies in  behalf  of  the  art  itself,  or  to 
guide  and  accelerate  the  progress  of 
the  student :  and,  in  the  case  of  such 
an  exhibition,  not  surely  to  advance  is 
most  assuredly  to  retrograde.  How 
different  would  have  been  -the  effect 
produced  had  this  mediaeval  court  (in 
addition  to  the  several  objects  with 
which  we  have  become  familiar  within 
its  inclosure,  supposing  their  presence 
to  have  been  deemed  essential,)  con- 
taine<l  careful  models  of  the  noblest 
Gothic  edifices  and  specimens  of  tiie 


most  perfect  original  medisBral  woriu 
of  various  kinds ;  and  then,  befrides  all 
these,  if  it  had  displayed  other  modeli 
and  other  specimens  of  modern  works, 
designed  in  the  same  spirit  which  of 
old  attained  to  such  loAy  aipirinffs, 
and  wrought  on  those  same  prmcipks 
which  have  gained  for  the  Grothic  name 
such  high  renown, — ^yet  still  each  and 
all  essentially  new  in  themselves,  while 
thus  equally  and  essentially  mediiBiral 
in  their  character.  Let  us  somewhat 
further  illustrate  such  an  imaginary 
collection.  We  would  hare  shown  in 
it  models  of  churches  suited  to  variona 
localities,  and  to  the  reriuirementa  of 
congregations  differing  m  the  amount 
of  their  numbers  and  of  different  de- 
grees of  wealth  :  of  the  details  of  such 
churches  and  of  their  flttiugs  there 
should  have  been  suitable  specimetu 
executed  in  their  full  size.  With  these 
there  should  hare  been  associated  mo- 
dels and  specimens  of  monumental 
memorials,  worthy  of  a  place  in  Chris- 
tian churches,  ana  fit  to  bear  to  coming 
generations  a  record  of  those  who  went 
before  them.  Then  should  bare  come 
other  models,  and  with  them  examples 
of  school-houses,  public  and  parocnialf 
of  parsonage-houses  and  alms-houaeSi 
witn  their  several  appropriate  details : 
another  department  snonld  have  exem- 
plified with  equal  care  and  minuteness 
the  application  of  the  style  to  edifices 
suitea  for  dwelling-houses  for  erery 
class  in  society ;  nor  should  furniture 
and  domestic  and  personal  ornaments 
and  objects  of  use  nave  been  wanting, 
in  order  to  render  the  series  in  some 
respect  at  least  complete.  Had  thb 
been  really  well  done  (and  if  it  had 
been  attempted  in  true  earnest  we  be- 
lieve that  really  well  done  it  would 
have  been,)  our  skilful  artificers  might 
have  looked  for  emancipation  firom  the 
debased  and  debasing  servilities  of  the 
Renaissance,  and  from  the  mixed  pue- 
rility and  unmeaninff  nothingness  of 
the  Louis  Quatorze,  the  Louis  QuinMi 
and  their  descendants.  Let  the  true 
principles  of  artistic  ornamentatJoti  he 
once  fairly  set  forth  before  designers 
in  the  several  branches  of  constructire 
and  manufacturing  art,  and  they  can 
scarcely  fail  to  be  attracted  to  a  stTle» 
rich  in  endless  versatility  of  adaptation, 
and  possessing  resources  of  inexhausti- 
ble variety ;  a  style  moreover  of  whidi 
the  TQTj  conventionalities  are  ezpres- 


1851.] 


>i  ihe  Great  Exhibilion. 


sivc  anil  artistic,  while  it  admits  and 
Ica'Ia  to  but  one  auttority — natitiis. 

We  haYe  sireadj  eapreaied  oui' 
rejection  of  Uie  idea  that  the  Gothic  is, 
ID  anj  reepecC  or  degree,  aa  a  style  in 
art,  esBentiall;  Romanist  in  its  prin- 
ciples or  its  character.  It  is  suIH- 
cientlj  eaej  to  deiuDnxtratc  this  bj  re- 
ference to  all  that  RoinaDism,  a>  mieh. 


complicated  task,  on  the  one  hand,  to 
trace  up  this  noble  art  to  the  pni-e 
CbriatiaD  element  which  berore  the 
Reformation  was  in  the  Roman  Church, 
though  truly  it  never  was  of  the  Ho- 
manut  Church  j*  and,  on  the  other 
hand,  to  mark  how  the  contact  of 
Gothic  art  with  the  Bomonist  spirit 
was  ever  followed  by  instant  degrada- 
tion; andso,inlikemanner,Rumanism 
«nca  Ihe  Reformation  might  be  shewn 
invariably  to  have  either  identified  it- 
self with  the  semi-pagan  workings  of 
debased  classic  olisni,  or  sought  the 
literal  reproduction  of  such  meiliwnl 
works  OS  originallj'  bore  the  impreas 
of  Itomanist  application.  Buti  how 
fteble  must  be  any  such  written  de- 
monstration, in  comparison  with  the 
inllueiiee  which  the  Great  Bthibition 
wonid  havo  secured  to  a  single  esam- 
plc  ofaProtesUntcimrch,irith  parson- 
age and  schools  and  atms-houses,  and 
all  other  becoming  accessories,  com- 
plete in  every  detail,  and  all  Iruo  to 
the  Gothic  spirit,  as  thej  nil  might  be 
without  BO  much  as  a  single  copied 
crotchet  or  finiol;  and  aS  exactly 
suited  to  esistinc  habits  and  exi- 
gencies, as  all  niignt  have  been  witii- 
out  the  minutest  violatJnn  of  me- 
dieval lane  of  feeling  or  method  of 
expression.  Precisely  the  same  might 
'be  said  in  the  case  of  every  other  ap- 
plication of  Gothic  art,  though  of  course 
Ihe  true  ecclesiastical  character  of  the 
Gothic  could  only  be  mode  apparent 
through  the  medium  v>f  works  devoted 
to  eccTesiastical  purposes.  We  should 
have  been  glad  to  have  seen,  opposite 
to  the  high 'altar  of  the  incditeval 
court,  one  of  our  own  church  desk^, 
with  ojien  English  Bible  and  Book  of 
Common  Prayer,  even  if  it  had  stood 
ttlonc  amiilst  that  Romanist  assemblage : 


other  ecclesiastical  works,  and  had 
these  again  been  associated  with  rjbjects 
of  various  claase9  and  kinds,  our  satis- 
faction would  have  been  proportion* 
ably  increased.  And  so,  upon  the 
same  principle,  we  should  have  re- 
joiced to  have  seen  a  place  of  honour 
within  the  medieval  court  given  to  ona 
beautiful  and  admirable  Gothic  work 
— Mr.  Waller's  Monumental  Brass, — 
which  was  almost  a  solitary  example 
in  the  entire  Eiihibitian  of  the  adapta- 
tion of  the  spirit  of  mediaeval  art  to 
the  tastes  ana  symjiathies  of  our  own 
times.  This  brass  is  tbe  more  worthy 
of  high  praise,  as  an  expression  of  the 
comprebenaire  character  of  true  Gothic 
art,  and  also  of  its  inherent  consistency 
with  Protestant  feeling,  from  the  ciT' 
cumstoncc  of  its  having  been  studied 
from  the  remains  of  an  original  en- 
graven memorial  of  the  former  half  of 
the  fourteenth  century,  the  brass  to 
Sir  Hugh  Hastings  at  EWng,  in  tbe 
county  of  Norfolk,  air.  Wnller,  how- 
ever, Ktudied  in  the  true  mediieval 
spirit :  he  did  not  set  about  making 
either  a  copy  or  a  parody  of  a  me- 
dieval work;  the  result  is  a  produc- 
tion most  true  to  the  style,  yet  in  itself 
no  less  original,  while  it  possesses  a 
purity  ana  simple  imprestiveness  of 
sentiment  which  arc  enhanced  by  the 
masterly  skill  displayed  throu^ioat  ia 
the  execution.  The  design  exhibit*  a 
female  elfigy  within  n  richly  niched 
and  tabernacled  architectural  Bano|^ ; 
of  this  canopy  the  several  compart.* 
ments  ore  occupied  with  groups  wbiok 
esemi>lify  Um  six  great  works  at 
Ohristian  charity  as  they  are  set  forth 
in  St.  Matthew,  xxv.  35,  SB;  the 
spandril  formed  by  the  rectilineal  and 
the  arche<l  lines  of  the  canopy-head 
displays,  within  aqnalrelbil,  the  "  Good 
Samaritan"  discharging  his  task  of 
pious  duty ;  and  the  whole  is  crowned 
by  three  groups,  resting  on  suitable 
bracket*,  which  Evmbolise  the"  Worhi  I 
ofOharity,"andthemeetingof"MerM  J 
and  Truth,"  of  "  Ki^hteousness  aiM|  | 
Peace,"  'fbe  braas  is  inldd  in  amorblq 
slab,  and  is  designed  to  rest  upon  i 
raised  tomb.  It  is  much  to  be  re- 
gretted that  it  hail  not  been  complete 


*  See  Stanra  oF  Venice,  p.  34. 


584 


On  Medieval  Art 


[Dec. 


as  a  monument,  and  with  its  appropriate 
tomb  been  placed  in  the  Exhibition.* 

With  Mr.  Waller's  brass  we  may 
associate,  as  a  work  of  great  excellence, 
the  Gothic  baptismal  font  of  serpentine 
marble,  exhibited  by  Mr.  J.  Organ,  of 
Penzance.  In  order  to  render  it  com- 
plete, this  font  should  have  stood  upon 
a  large  sub-plinth  of  some  stone  which 
contrasts  well  with  the  beautiful  ser- 
pentine ;  and  it  should  also  have  had 
a  cover  consistent  with  itself,  alike  in 
purity  of  design  and  excellence  of 
workmanship. 

Two  others  of  the  mediaeval  objects 
exhibited  we  must  not  fail  to  par- 
ticularise, though  beyond  these  two 
our  limits  will  not  permit  us  to  range  ;"|" 
these  are,  the  one,  the  model  of  Mr. 
G.  G.  Scott*s  noble  church  of  St.  Ni- 
cholas at  Hamburg;  the  other,  the 
restoration  of  an  end  of  the  tomb-mo- 
nument of  Queen  Philippa  of  Hainault 
in  Westminster  Abbey,  executed  in 
alabaster  by  Mr.  S.  Cundy,  from  draw- 
ings by  the  same  accomplished  architect, 
Mr.  Scott.  The  church  of  St.  Nicholas 
itself  can  need  from  us  no  expression  of 
general  commendation :  its  high  wor- 
thiness is  admitted  with  becoming  tri- 
butes of  admiration  by  all :  never- 
theless, we  may,  in  pursuance  of  our  pre- 
sent special  object,  remark  upon  its  pe- 
culiar merit  as  a  modern  achievement 
of  Gothic  art ;  and  we  may  rightly  be- 
speak for  it  careful  observation  in  its 
capacity  of  exact  suitableness  to  its 
peculiar  purposes,  which  it  fails  not  to 
combine  with  strict  adherence  to  true 
mediaeval  principles.  And  the  model 
is  well  worthy  of  its  subject :  it  is  just 
such  a  one  as  might  serve  as  a  type 
for  the  collection  of  Gothic  models 
which  we  hope  yet  to  see  gathered 
together,  as  important  components  of 
a  national  school  of  mediaeval  art^ — 


and  that,  possibly,  even  yet,  within  the 
walls  of  the  Crystal  Palace  itself. 

We  would  fain  hope  that  Mr. 
Cundy*s  partial  restoration  of  the 
royal  monument  of  Westminster  is  an 
earnest  of  a  better  state  of  things  in 
that  noblest  of  our  English  churches, 
where  now  the  long  arra^  of  monu- 
ments to  royal  and  ulustrioos  person* 
ages  are  in  a  condition  at  once  so  la« 
mentable  and  so  discreditable.  The 
restoration  of  Queen  Philippa*8  monu* 
ment  is  ably  projected,  and  the  exe- 
cution is  on  the  whole  eminently  satis- 
factory. 

And  now,  in  bringing  these  remarks 
to  a  close,  we  pass  from  the  province 
of  the  artists  who  design  to  that  of  the 
actual  workmen  who  produce  each 
particular  object;  or,  where  the  same 
individual  combines  the  faculties  of 
manual  skill  with  artistic  invention 
and  adaptation  and  delineation,  in  this 
case  we  now  refer  to  the  artist  exclu- 
sively in  his  executive  capacity.  Here 
the  Great  Exhibition  toid  powerfully 
indeed :  we  had  no  shortcomings  here 
to  lament;  there  were  before  us  no 
tokens  of  the  prevalence  of  imperfect 
or  immature  faculties  of  execution. 
On  every  side,  in  works  of  every  class 
and  for  every  diversified  purpose,  the 
skill  and  dexterity  and  effective  power 
of  the  actual  workmen  were  shown  to 
be  of  the  very  highest  order.  In  this 
respect  the  mediaeval  court  was  infe- 
rior to  no  department  in  the  whole 
Exhibition  :  so  far  from  being  distin- 
guished by  any  such  inferiority,  it 
would  alone  have  been  sufficient  to 
establish  the  claims  of  existing  arti- 
ficers to  rank  with  the  most  suc- 
cessful and  the  most  celebrated  of  thdr 
fellows  who  flourished  in  times  which 
are  gone  by ;  sufficient  also  to  prove 
that,  if  we  in  our  days  fail  at  all  in 


*  The  recumbent  position  intended  to  be  assumed  by  this  slab  with  its  brais,  detracts 
from  the  merit  of  the  composition  of  the  brass  in  this  one  respect,  that  the  oommemo- 
rative  effigy  is  represented  in  the  attitude  of  a  person  standing,  and  Uie  accenoriM 
which  accompany  the  figure  are  in  keeping  with  this  idea.  The  composition,  as  it  now 
is,  would  be  well  nigh  faultless  for  a  window  of  stained  glass  in  which  the  figure  would 
appear  as  standing,  but  in  the  case  of  a  recumbent  memorial  the  effigy  should  in? arl« 
bly  be  portrayed  as  recumbent. 

t  Of  the  various  exnm))lc8  of  stained  glass  which  were  exhibited  in  the  Crystal 
Palace,  several  were  worthy  of  much  commendation  ;  but  this  was  ezclnsivelj  in  the 
capacity  of  revivals  of  the  original  practice  of  ecclesiastical  glass-working.  This 
branch  of  medieeval  art,  no  less  than  the  others,  has  to  be  carried  beyond  mere  repro- 
duction. 

3 


1851.] 


Autoliiografihy  af  Lady  Sfiringett. 


585 


uiir  wnrks,  tlik^  liiilurc  is  lo  be  coujiIgiI  and  miifiinnity,   thut  to   Uio   Rrtistia 

witli  llio  design  nnd  not  with  tUc  work-  element  thcru  shoul'i  appwtain  a  cer- 

luuLiahiji.  tain  '[unlitjr  insepnrablc  frotn  an  im- 

Tiicii  let  us  Dut  TL'st  i»}<itcnt  unlil  plied  supruiuiiuj.      So    long    as   tlio 

the  itcvclopmciit   and   apjilicatlon   of  ttandi)  which  labour  are  more  ptnrerfiil 

these  two  great  facultiea  be  fixed  in  tbuii  the  miod  nhieh  mepires  and  di«' 

Ibeir   due    relative   positions.     There  reels,  so  long  must  Ibe  work  produced  1 1 

luuiit  be  between  them,  for  the  attain-  fail  to  attain  to  the  excellence  whic^i  I 

ment  of  true  excellence   and   noble-  is  b;  man  attainable,  so  lon^  alsonioat'B 

ness,  un  liarnioniou!)  equsjit/,  a  one-  the  actual  merit  of  tbe  artibcer  fail  to    , 

ness  of  power  as  of  purpose :  and  yet  elicit  eveu  its  own  suitable  recognition.    , 
it  \i  an  attribute  of  tbia  very  unity  C.  B. 


AUTOBIOGRAPHY  OF  LADY  SPHINGETT. 


IN  the  temporary  abfjence  of  Mr. 
Ucpworth  DixoD,  to  whom  we  iire  in- 
debted for  the  following  paper,  we  will 
remind  our  readers  that  this  is  the  se- 
cond part  of  tbe  autobiography  of  Lady  w""!''  i 
Springett,  mentioned  in  our  Magaeine 
forOetoberlaat,p.363.  ItwiUbcfouud 
to  be  chiefly  concerned,  as  Mr.  Dixon 
there  remarked,  with  Lady  Spriog- 
ett'd  religious  experiences,  throwing 
curious  side-lights  on  the  progress 
of  sentiment  and  feeling  in  these  mat- 
ters, uuiong  the  higher  ctosavs,  in  the 
early  part  of  the  ciTil  troubles.  We 
have  omitted  some  unimportant  pas- 
sages not  relating  to  tne  principal 
subject-matter  of  the  diary. 


times,  sud  days  of  fnsttng  and  feasting,  ail' ■ 
ChrUlmiu  (so  called)  nnd  Good  FfidajiaBA^  ■ 
Lent,  snd  tach  like.  la  tliat  day  t  Mgi  f 
afraid  in  the  aigbt  seoeon  uF  eacb  thin 


"  A  brief  account  of  somi  of  my  exer- 
Oiti  from   my  childliDod,  \efl  itith 
my  daagbtcr  Guliolmu  Maria  Penn. 
"  MAftK  Peskinotom, 
"  Tlie  lirtt  icHptore  Ibut  I  remember  I 
took    notice  of   was  that,  '  Blessed  are 
tliey  Ibat  hunger  and  thirst  afler  righte- 
ousness, Tor  Ihey  !,haH  be  fiilei!.'    Tbis  I 
heard  taken  for  s  teit.    I  wa>  then  about 
eigbt  jenra  of  age,  brought  u]i  bj  (hose 
who  were  a  kind  uf  loose  ProtesISDti,  that 
■niuded  no  religion  but  to  go  to  their  wor- 
Bhi|i  on  first  dajs,  which  w>a   (o   hear  a 
(tanonical  priest   (ireaeh  in  tbe  morning 
and  rend  common  proyers  in  the  afleruoon. 
Th<7  used  common  prajier  in  tbe  family, 
and  observed  superstitioni  cuatoms   and 


"  Henry  Smith,  "  the  silver- (on pjued  Smith  "  lecturer  of  St.  Clement  Danes,  one  of 
tbe  tnoat  eloqacnt  of  Puritan  divines,  and  esteemed  bj  the  gencrsllly,  sajrg  AuEbonj 
'Wood,  "  llie  prime  preacher  of  Ibe  nodon,"  His  sermons  were  popular  for  maiijf 
years  after  bia  death.  Fuller  nroto  his  life  ;  and  there  is  a  notice  of  liim  in  Wood's 
Athenie.  I.  G03. 

t  John  Ptestan,  the  c«lebritted  Puritan  diiine,  cbaoUin  to  Charles  I.  nhcn  Prince 
of  Wales,  and  preacher  al  Lincoln's  lou.     All  b)>  works  were  extremely  popular, 

Gbst-  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  4  F 


ben  1  WHS  abroad  in  tw  \ 
finXit  alone.  I  would  always  acco 
prayer  my  help  and  succour,  and  so  wouM  li 
often  say  (as  I  bad  been  tangbtj  tha 
Lord's  Prayer  (so  called),  hoping  by  thtt  ' 
to  be  delivered  from  the  things  I  feared. 
Aiternsrdi  I  went  to  lire  with  some  that 
seemed  mora  religious,  and  would  not  ad- 
mit of  sports  on  (he  first  days,  calling  it 
their  labbatli,  and  bearing  two  sermons  a 
day  of  a  priest  that  iras  not  loose  in  bia 
conviTsatian,  but  be  used  a  form  of  prayer 
before  his  lerinon,  and  read  commoa 
prater.  At  this  time  I  was  nbout  ten  or 
eleven  years  of  age.  A  rosid-servanl  that 
tended  on  me  nnd  the  rest  of  Che  chil- 
dren was  zbbIous  io  that  nay,  and  would 
read  Smith's  •  and  Preston's  t  Sermons  on 
first  days  between  the  sermon  time ;  I 
dibgently  heard  hor  read,  and  liked  not  to 
use  the  Lord's  Prayer  aluoe,  but  got  a 
Prayer  Book  and  read  prayers  mornings 
and  uigbts,  according  to  the  days  and 
occasions,  and  left  ss;ing  that  prayer  in 
my  bed  mornings  and  nights  (as  I  had 
been  taught  at  the  afore- mentioned  place), 
and  that  scriptare  of  '  bowling  ou  their 
beds  '  WOK  much  La  my  mioil.  and  by  it  I 
«a9  checked  ftom  saying  prayers  in  my 
bed. 

"  About  this  lime  my  mind  was  serious 


J 


586 


Autohiog^^aphy  of  Lady  Springett, 


[Dec 


about  religion,  and  one  day  after  we  came 
from  the  public  place  of  worship  this 
afore-mentioned  maid-servant  read  one  of 
Presto n*s  Sermons,  the  text  was  *  Pray 
continually,'  in  which  sermon  much  was 
spoken  of  prayer,  and  amongst  other 
things  of  the  excdlency  of  prayer ;  this 
was  said  of  it,  that  it  distinguished  a  saint 
from  the  world,  for  that  in  many  things 
the  world  and  hypocrites  could  imitate 
a  saint,  but  in  this  they  could  not.  This 
thing  wrought  much  in  my  mind  all  the 
time  she  read  it,  and  it  was  in  me  that  I 
knew  not  prayer,  for  what  I  used  for 
prayer  an  ungodly  man  could  do,  which 
was  to  read  one  out  of  a  book,  and  this 
could  not  be  the  prayer  he  meant  that 
distinguished  a  saint  from  a  wicked  per- 
son. My  mind  was  deeply  exercised  m 
this,  and  as  soon  as  she  had  done  reading 
and  all  were  gone  out  of  the  chamber  I 
shut  the  door,  and  in  great  distress  of 
mind  I  flung  myself  on  the  bed,  and  op- 
pressedly  cried  out*  Lord,  what  is  prayer?' 
This  so  wrought  in  me,  that  at  night, 
when  I  used  to  read  a  prayer  in  a  book  in  a 
room  by  myself,  I  wept,  and  was  in  trouble 
about  it,  and  at  this  time  I  never  heard 
any  nor  of  any  that  prayed  any  way  but 
by  composing  a  prayer,  which  they  called 
a  form  of  prayer.  The  thing  so  wrought 
in  me,  that  I  remember,  the  next  morning, 
or  very  soon  after,  it  came  into  my  mind 
to  write  a  prayer  of  my  own  composing, 
to  use  in  the  morning  so  soon  as  I  was 
out  of  bed,  before  I  had  made  myself 
ready;  which  1  wrote,  and  then  could 
scarce  join  my  letters,  I  had  learnt  so 
little  a  time  to  write  ;  I  wrote  something 
of  this  nature,  that  as  the  Lord  had  com- 
manded the  Israelites  to  offer  up  a  morn- 
ing sacrifice,  so  I  offered  up  the  sacrifice 
of  prayer,  and  desired  to  be  preserved 
that  day.  The  use  of  this  for  a  little 
while  gave  me  some  ease,  and  I  left  my 
books  soon,  and  this  arose  in  me  to  write 
prayers  according  to  my  several  occasions. 
The  next  prayer  I  wrote  was  for  the  as- 
surance of  the  pardon  of  my  sins;  T  had 
heard  one  preach  that  God  pardoned 
David  his  sins  of  his  free  grace,  and  I 
was  much  affected  with  it,  and  as  I  came 
from  the  place  of  worship  it  was  in  me 
that  it  was  a  desireable  thing  to  be  assured 
of  the  pardon  of  ones  sins,  so  I  wrote  a 
pretty  large  prayer  concerning  the  thing, 
and  felt  that,  it  coming  of  grace,  though 
I  was  unworthy,  yet  I  might  receive  it, 
and  so  used  earnest  expressions  about  it. 
A  little  time  after  I  received  from  several 
persons  some  acknowledgments  of  the 
l^reatncss  of  my  memory,  and  praise  for  it. 
1  felt  a  fear  of  bein(i:  puffed  up  with  it,  and 
wrote  a  prayer  of  thanks  for  that  gift,  and 
desired  to  use  it  to  the  Lord,  and  that  it 


might  be  lanctified  to  me.  These  three 
prayers  I  used  with  some  eeie  of  miiidy  hot 
not  long,  for  then  I  began  again  to  qoeetioii 
whether  I  prayed  right  or  not,  and  much 
trouble  was  in  my  mind  aboat  it,  and  I 
knew  not  that  any  did  pray  extempore  | 
but  it  sprung  up  in  my  mind  that  to  ma 
words  according  to  the  state  I  was  la 
was  prayer,  which  I  attempted  to  do,  but 
could  not,  sometimes  kneeling  down 
a  long  time,  and  I  had  not  a  word  to  say, 
which  wrought  great  trouble  in  me,  and  I 
bad  none  to  reveal  myself  to  nor  advise 
with,  but  bore  a  great  burtlien  apon  my 
mind  for  a  long  time,  until  one  day  as  I 
was  sitting  at  work  in  a  parlour,  one 
called  a  gentleman  (who  was  against  the 
superstitions  of  the  times)  came  in,  and 
looking  sadly,  said,  it  was  a  sad  day ;  and 
that  Prinn,  with  Bastwick  and  Barton, 
were  sentenced  to  have  their  ears  cot  and 
to  be  banished  (1637).  This  thing  sank 
deep  into  me,  and  strong  cries  were  la 
me  for  them,  and  for  the  innocent  pei^Ie 
in  the  nation,  and  it  wroaght  strongly  fai 
me  that  I  could  not  sit  at  my  work,  oat 
was  stronglv  inclined  to  go  into  a  private 
room,  and  shutting  the  door  kneeled  down, 
and  poured  out  my  sool  to  the  Lord  In  • 
very  vehement  manner,  for  a  pretty  long 
time,  and  I  was  wonderfolly  melted,  and 
eased,  and  felt  peace  in  the  thing  and  le* 
ccptancc  with  Uie  Lord,  and  that  this  was 
prayer,  which  I  was  never  acqaalnted  with 
before  either  in  myself  or  from  any  onSi 

"  Not  long  after  this,  word  was  broaght 
to  the  house  that  a  nefghboaring  minister 
that  had  been  suspended  by  the  bishops, 
for  not  being  subject  to  their  oanons,  was 
returned  to  his  people  again,  and  that  he 
was  to  preach  at  the  place  where  he  did 
three  years  before ;  I  hearing  of  it,  desired 
to  go,  but  was  reproved  by  those  that  had 
the  education  of  me,  as  beinc  not  fit  to 
leave  my  parish  church ;  bat  I  oonld  not 
comply  with  their  mind  in  it,  bat  I  mast 
go,  and  when  I  came  the  minister  was 
one  called  a  Puritan,  and  he  prayed  fer* 
vently,  and  in  much  sense,  snd  then  I 
felt  this  is  that  is  prayer,  and  that  my 
mind  pressed  after  but  conld  not  oome  at 
it  in  my  own  will,  but  only  had  tasted  of 
it  that  time  I  mentioned  befiorre.  Now  I 
knew  this  was  prayer,  bat  here  I  mooned 
sorely,  for  that  I  kneeled  down  momfaif 
after  morning  and  night  after  night  ana 
had  not  a  word  to  say,  and  the  troable  of 
this  was  BO  great,  that  it  was  jost  I  pe- 
rished in  the  night  becaase  I  had  not 
prayed :  and  I  was  ezeroised  with  tids  • 
great  time ;  then  I  coald  not  oome  to  the 
common  prayers  that  were  read  In  the 
family  at  nights ;  also  I  eoold  not  kneel 
down  when  I  came  to  their  woiship  hoese 
(as  was  the  oastom  snd  I  had  been  tanght). 


1S51.] 


Autobiograplii/  of  Lady  Springett. 


687 


bat  this  icripture  wm  in  mj  mind,  >  Ba 
more  ready  to  hear  tban  offer  the  luicri- 
fice  of  fooli,'  uiil  I  could  but  nai  the 
Bible  or  Bome  book  while  the  iiricst  read 
-comman  prDjeri  at  their  worBhi)>  hoaie, 
snd  Ht  Inat,  I  aoa\i  neither  lineel  nor 
■tand  up  to  join  with  the  priest  in  his 
prayer  before  the  sermon,  neither  did  1 
cure  to  hear  them  preach,  but  mj  mind 
Tun  aStet  hearing  the  non-conformist  called 
■  Puritan  afure-nuntioned,  but  hy  coa- 
etraiat  I  went  in  the  morningi  with  those 
of  the  family  where  I  was,  but  could  not 
be  kept  from  the  Puritan  preacher  in  the 
afternoona.  1  went  thtongh  much  suf- 
fering for  this  thing,  1   ' 


foot  ti 


r  three   milei, 


:   per- 


who  hid  CO  mp  Ban  ion  would 
run  after  ma  least  I  should  be  frighted 
going  alone.  I  was  very  young,  but  so 
leolous  in  this  thing  that  all  the  reason' 
inga  and  tbreateninga  could  not  keep  me 
back,  and  in  a  short  time  I  would  not 
bear  the  priest  where  we  dwelt  at  all,  but 
vent  wet  or  dry  to  the  other  place;  and  ia 
the  fiunlly  I  could  go  in  to  hear  acrip- 
ture  read,  and  if  I  did  happen  to  go  in 
before  they  bad  done  their  prayers  1 
would  sit  wbeu  they  kneeled ;  these  tbinga 
wrought  me  much  trouble  in  the  family, 
and  &ere  was  none  to  take  my  part,  bat 
two  of  the  maid-seriaata  were  ioclined  to 
mind  what  1  said  agninst  their  prayera, 
nnd  so  refused  to  join  with  them ;  at  which 
the  goieroots  of  the  family  were  much 
diatorbed,  and  made  me  the  sabject  of 
their  diacourae  in  coiopany,  as  that  I 
would  pray  with  the  spirit  and  reject  godly 
men's  prayers,  and  I  was  proud,  and  a 
■chitmalic,  and  that  I  went  to  those  place! 
to  meet  youog  men,  and  such  like.  In 
this  time  I  suffered  not  only  from  Iheae 
persoDS  to  whom  I  wss  by  my  parents 
committed  (who  both  died  when  1  was  not 
abote  thret'  years  of  age),  but  also  luf- 
fered  much  from  my  compaaions  aod  kin- 
dred. Natwilhituading  in  this  zeal  I  grew 
much,  and  noa  sequestered  from  my  vaiu 
company,  and  refused  cu'ding  and  sueh 
like  things,  and  was  a  lealous  keeper  of 
the  Sabbath,  not  daring  to  eat  or  be 
clothed  with  such  thmgs  as  occasioned 
trouble  or  apeud  time,  on  that  day,  that 
was  given  up  (o  hearing  and  praying. 

>■  I  not  minded  those  marriages  pro- 
pounded  to  me  of  rain  persons,  but  hav- 
ing  desired  of  the  Lord  that  1  might  hare 
ooe  that  feared  him,  I  had  a  belief,  that, 
though  then  I  knew  none  of  my  outward 
rank  that  was  such  a  one,  yet  that  the 
Lord  would  provide  one  for  me;  and  in 


this  belief  went,  not  regarding  thiir  re- 
proaches,  that  would   say   to  me,  that  no 
gDDtlcman,   but   mean  persons,   vrere  of 
ibis   nay,  and  that  I  would  have  aomo 
mesa  one  or  other  ;    hut  they  were  disap- 
pointed, for  the  Lord  touched  the  heart  of 
hiin  that  was  afterwards  my  husband,  and 
my  heart  cleared  to  him  for  the  Lord's 
sake.     He  was  of  a  good  underslandiDg, 
aud  east  olT  those  dead  supcrstiliotis  that 
were  manifest  to  him  in  that   day  beyond 
any  1  cben  knew  of  his  rank  aud  years, 
wiiich  was  but  small,  for  that  stature  he 
was  of  in  the  things  of  God,  being  but 
about  twenty  years  of  age.      We   pressed 
after  the  knowledge  of  the  Lord,   and 
walked  in  his  fear,  being  both  very  young; 
were  joined  together  in  the  Lord,  and  re- 
fused a  ring,  and  suchlike  things  then  used, 
and  not  denied  by  any  we  then  knew  of. 
We  lived  together  about  two  years  and  •  • 
months.   We  were  lealonsly  affected,  daily 
Biercised  in  that  we  judged  to  be  tha  ser- 
vice and  worship  of  God;    we  scruplsd 
many  things  then  in  use  amongst  thoM 
who  wore  counted  honest  people  i  as,  for    | 
instance,  aingiug  David's  Psalms  in  metrs^    | 
and  when  we  lore  out  of  our  bibles  oi 
mon  prayer,  and  forma  of  prayer  st 
end  of  the  book,  we  tore  ont  tho  aing 
psalms,   as  being   the  Inventions  of  i 
poeti,  as  in  metre,  not  being  written 
that   use,  and  we  found   longs  of  praiM   I 
must  spring  from  the  same  thing  as  prsyal  I 
did,  ao  could  not  in  that  day  use  any  ooe'l 
song,  no  more  thou   their  prayers ;   wl 
were  also  brought  olf  from  bread  and  tiiatf   1 
and    baptism    with    water.      We    haviog  J 
looked    into   the    independent   way   «-— ' 
death  there,  and  that  it  was  not  that  i 
souls   sought,  and   looking  into  baptiUBfl 
with  water  found  it  not  to  answer  the  etfm 
of  our  bearts;  snd  in  this  state  my  hiu^'f 
band  died,  hoping  in  the  promises  alkr  o^ 
■  seeing  or  knowing  Him  ■      ■   ■ 


visible  to 


shewed  unto  him  his  thought^    I 
and  made  manifest  the  good  and  the  evlL     ~' 

"  When  be  was  taken  from  me  1  was  wjti 
child  of  my  dcardaughter  GulielmaMarift  | 
Springetc  ;*  it  wis  often  with  me  Ihi 
could  not  comply  with  that  thing  to  .  . 
done  to  my  child  which  I  saw  no  fruit  vl, 
but  a  cuatom  which  men  were  engaged  ia 
by  tradition,  having  not  the  true  know- 
ledge of  that  icripture  in  lh«  laat  of  the  <H- 
latians  of  circumcision  or  uncircumdiiOD 
availing  nothing,  but  a  new  crealurf, 
which  was  often  in  my  mind,  and  I  could 
not  but  resolve  that  it  should  not  be  done, 
and  when  I  was  delivered  of  that  child  I 
refused   to  have   her    sprinkled,    which 


*  ATterwudt  wife  of  Williani  P«nn, 


588 


Autobiography  of  Lady  Springett 


[Dec. 


brought  great  reproach  upon  me»  and  I 
was  a  by-word  and  a  hissing  amongst  the 
(icople  of  my  own  rank  in  the  world,  and 
a  strange  thing  it  was  thought  by  my  rela- 
tions and  acquaintance,  and  such  as  were 
accounted  able  ministers,  and  such  as  I 
delighted  formerly  to  hear,  who  were  sent 
to  persuade  me,  but  I  could  not  do  it  and 
be  clear.     *'  He  that  doubts  is  damned," 
was  my  answer  to  them.     Through  this  I 
waded  after  some  time,  but  soon  after  this 
I  went  from  this  simplicity  into  notions, 
and  I  changed  my  ways  often,  and  ran 
from  one  notion  to  another,  not  finding 
satisfaction,  nor  assurance  that  I  should 
obtain  what  my  soul  desired  in  the  several 
ways  and  notions  which  I  sought  after 
satisfaction  in.     I  was  weary  of  prayers, 
and  such  like  exercises,  not  finding  ac- 
ceptation in  them,  nor  could  I  lift  up  my 
hands   without  doubting,   nor  call    God 
Father ;    and  in  this  state,  and  for  this 
cause,  I  gave  over  all  manner  of  exercises 
of  religion  in  my  family,  and  in  private, 
with  much  grief,  for  my  delight  was  in 
being  exercised  in  something  of  religion, 
and  I  left  not  those  things  in  a  loose 
mind,  as  some  judged  that  abode  in  those 
things,  for  had  I  found  I   did  perform 
what  the  Lord  required  of  me,  and  was 
well  pleased  with  me  in  it,  I  could  gladly 
have  continued  in  them,  I  being  zealously 
affected  in  the  several  things   that   were 
accounted   duties.      A    zealous    sabbath 
keeper  (as  before  expressed),  and  in  fast- 
ing often,  and  in  praying  in  private,  rarely 
less  than  three  times  a  day,  many  times 
oftener ;  a  daily  hearer  of  sermons  upon 
all   occasions,   both  lectures,   fasts,   and 
thanksgivings :  most  of  my  time  in  the 
day  wiis  spent  in  reading  scriptures,  or 
praying,  or  hearing,  or  such  like.     I  durst 
not  go   into  my  bed  until  I  had  prayed, 
and  I  durst  not  pray  until  I  had  read 
scripture,    and    felt    my    heart    warmed 
thereby,    or    by   meditation.      I   had  so 
great  a  zeal  and  delight  in  the  exercise  of 
religion,  that  when  I  questioned  not  but 
it  was  my  duty,  I  have  sought  often  times 
in  the  day  remote  ))laces  to  pray  in,  as  in 
the  6elds  and  gardens,  or  outhouses,  when 
I  could  not  be  private  in  the  house ;  for 
I  was  so  vehement  in  prayer  that  I  chose 
the  most  remotest  places  to  pray  in,  that 
I  might  not  be  heard  to  pray  ;  I  could  not 
but  be  loud  in  the  earnest  pouring  out  of 
my  soul.     Oh  !  this  was  not  parted  with 
but  because  I  found  it  polluted.     And  my 
rest  must  not  be  there.     I   then  had  my 
conversation  much  among  the  people  of 
no  religion,  being  asliamod  to  be  counted 
religious,  and  to  do  any  thing  that  was 
ivilled  so,  finding  my  heart  not  with  the 
iippi-.iranrc   held  forth.     Now   I  grew  to 
joulh  \^hatever  profession  anyone  made, 


and  thought  in  my  mind  the  profeMon  of 
every  sort  are  worse  than  the  profane ; 
they  boasted  so  much  of  what  I    knew 
they  had  not  attained,  I  being  zealooa  in 
whatever  they  pretended  to,  and  I  could 
not  find  purging  of  heart,  nor    aniwer 
from    the  Lord  of  acceptation ;    but  in 
this  restless  state  1  let  in  every  aort  of 
notions  that  rose  in  that  day,  and  for  • 
time  applied  myself  to  get  oat  of  them 
whatever  I  could  find,  but  still  sorrow  and 
trouble  was  the  end  of  all ;  and  I  began 
to  conclude  that  the  Lord  and  his  trath 
was,  but  that  it  was  made  known  to  none 
upon  earth,  and  determined  no  more  to 
inquire  or  look  after  him,  for  it  was  in 
vain  to  seek  him,  for  he  could  not  be 
found  in  all  the  things  I  had  met  withal ; 
and  so  for  some  time  took  A>  notice  of 
any  religion,  but  minded  recreations  (at 
it  is  called),  and  went  into  many  excesses 
and  vanities,  as  foolish  mirth,  carding,  and 
dancing,  singing,  and  freqaenting  mnsic 
meetings,  and  made  vain  visits,  and  jovial 
eatings  and  drinkings,  to  satisfy  the  ex- 
travagant appetites,  and  to  please  the  Tain 
mind  with  curiosities,  and  that  which  waa 
to  satisfy  the  lust  of  the  eyes,  the  lost  of 
the  flesh,  and  the  pride  of  Ufe ;   riding 
about  from  place  to  place  in  the  airy  mind, 
but  in  the  midst  of  all  this  my  lieart  waa 
constantly  sad,  and  pained  beyond  ex- 
pression ;  and  after  such  follies  I  did  re- 
tire myself  from  all  people  for  days,  and 
was    in  much  trouble  ;   and  to  all   this 
excess  and  folly  I  was  not  harried  by 
being  captivated  with  these  things,  but  in 
the  discontent  of  my  mind  went  forth  into 
these  things,  having  not  found  what  I  did 
seek  for  in  religion.     I  would  often  say, 
What  is  all  this  to  me  ?  1  could  easily  leave 
all  this,  for  it  hath  not  my  heart ;  I  do  this 
because  I  am  weary,  and  know  not  what 
to  do ;  it  is  not  my  delight,  it  hath  not 
I>ower  over  mc,  I  had  rather  serve  the 
Lord,  if  I  could  indeed  feel  that  which 
performeth  acceptably  to  him. 

"  In  this  restless  distressed  state  I  would 
often  retire  into  the  country  without  any 
company,  saving  my  dear  daughter  Gnli- 
elma  Springett  and  her  maid,  and  then  I 
would  spend  many  hours  in  a  day  in  be- 
moaning myself,  that  I  desired  the  know- 
ledge of  the  truth,  but  was  still  deceived, 
and  fell  in  with  some  deceitful  notioDa  or 
other  that  wounded  me,  and  left  me  with- 
out any  cleameps  or  certainty.  One 
night,  in  this  retired  place  in  the  country, 
I  went  to  bed  very  disconsolate  and  sad, 
through  the  afHicting  exercises  of  my  mind 
about  religion,  and  I  dreamed  that  night 
I  saw  a  book  of  hieroglyphics  of  religion, 
of  things  to  come  in  the  church,  on  reli- 
gious sUtc,  and  I  dreamed  that  I  took  no 
delight  at  all  in  them,  and  felt  no  closing 


1831.] 


Aulobuigi-aphy  ofLadii  Spvingtli. 


being  ready 


in  my  mind  with  them,  though  magnifled 
by  those  who  ibewed  me  them,  but  tnraed 
from  them  greatly  oppressed  %  and  it  be- 
ing eveaing  I  went  out  from  the  compsny 
into  a  ground  or  yard  lorrowipg,  and  lift- 
ing up  my  eyes  to  heaven,  and  cried  out, 
'  Lotd,  suffer  me  no  more  to  fall  in  with 
any  Talac  way,  but  ihew  me  the  truth  t'     durst  no 
And  immediately  I  thought  the  sky  opened,      Sometin 
and  a  bright  light  like  fire  fell  upon  my      and  feet 
hand,  which  BO  frighted  me  that  I  awaked,      " 
and  eried  out,  so  that  my  daughter's  ser- 
Tant,  who  was  in  my  chamber,  came  to  my 
bedside  to  see  what  was  the  matter  with 
me,  and  1  trembled  a  great  while  after  it, 
and  this,  not  knowing  what  to  tnm  to, 
rather  believing  there  was  nothing  mani. 
test  since  the  Apostles'  days  that  was  tnia 
religion,  and  so  would  often  eipresi,  that 
I  knew  notbiDg  to  be  so  certainly  of  God     heath  for 
as  I  could  shed  my  blood  in  the  defence 
of  it,  insomuch  as  one  day  I  by  accident 
goiug  throogh   the  city  from  a  conntry 
house,  could  not  pass  through  the  crowd 
(it  being  a  day  whereon  the  Lord  Maym 
was  sworn),  but  wss  forced  to  go  into  ■ 
house   until  it    was  oier.     I  being  bnr- 
thened  with  the  vanity  of  this  show,  said     ung 
to  a  profeSBor  that  stood  bjr  me.  What  be-     ner, 
nefit  have  we  by  all  this  bloodshedj  and      halli 
Charles's  being   kept  oot  of  Che  nation,      I  lis 
seeing  all  these  follies  ars  again  allowed?     was 
He  answered,  None  that  he  knew  of,  ssre-     com 
ing  the  enjoyment  of  their  religion.     To 
which  I  replied.  That  is  a  benefit  to  yon 
that  have  a  religion  to  be  protected  in  the 
eiercite  of  it,  but  it  is  none  to  me. 

"  But  here  I  must  mention  a  state  I  then 
knew,  notwithstanding  all  my  darknesi 
and  distress  about  religion,  which  was,  in 
nolbing  to  be  carefnt,  but  in  all  things  to 
let  my  requests  be  known  in  sigbings  and 
in  groans  for  that  help  I  freqaently  bad  in 
the  most  confused,  disquieted,  doubtfnl 
estate  I  ever  knew  ;  a  tmst  in  (he  Lord, 
even  in  that  day,  when  I  durst  own  my- 
self to  have  no  religion  1  could  call  tme  ; 
la  wonderful  to  take  notice  of,  for 


and  if  thou  art  not  unacceptable  in  thy 
Vwn  glory,  yet  I  must  have  help  where  it 
is  to  be  had,  (hon  having  power  over  me 
t<)  help  me.'  Oli  I  the  distress  I  felt  in 
this  time,  having  never  durst  knse!  dowu 
at  going  to  prayers,  for  years,  because  I 
could  not  cidi  God  Father  in  truth,  and 
durst  not  mocli  or  be  formal  in  the  thing. 


idge  nil  religion,  I  tbought 
IB  Eome  luHuence  from  the  planets 
governed  this  body,  and  that  so   I 


BahBrd,a 


.  pl.Ml 


1  felt  any  iuflneDce  of  hia  spirit 
IV  heart,  but  I  was  like  Ibe  parched 
'   ,  and  like  the  hunted  hart 
great  wss  my  thirst  after 
cnat  wliieti  I  did  not  believe  was  near  ; 
and  in  tiiis  state,  being  almost  continually 
MBrcised  aliout  religion,  I  dreamed  I  was 
ritting  in  a  room  alone,  retired  and  sad, 
and  as  I  wss  sittiug  I  heard  a  very  load 
coDfused  noise,  same  screeching,  and  ye], 
ling,  and  roaring  in  piteous  doleful  man- 
ner,   some    casting   np   their    caps,    and 
hallooing  in  a  way  ot  triumph  and  joy. 
I  listening  what  abould  he   the   matter,  it 
luifested  to  me  that   Christ  was 
ind  theie  were  the  different  states 

joy,  and  some  in  extreme  sorrow  and 
lazement.  1  waited  in  much  dread 
out  this   tbing;  at  last  I  found  tliat 


joy  IK 


1  1   s 


I   tha 


any  place,  or  do  any  outward  thing  that 
concerned  my  condition  in  this  world,  I 
never  contrived,  but  retired  to  see  what 
the  day  would  bring  forth,  and  so  waited, 
and  as  things  were  offered  to  me  that  I      leapt 
should  embrace,  and  so  inquired  after  no      ap  tc 
accommodation  of  that  kind,  but   in  all      his  c 
things  else  in  a  dissatisfied. 


mil  low  in  n 
i  I  sat  whe 


iind  found  1  w 
I,  to  be  stUl,  and  not  affeated 
at  ell,  and  not  to  go  forth 
curning  it.  Sitting  thui  K 
litt,  and  it  was  manifested 
not  so.  I  remaining  eoA  ' 
',  abode  in  the  placi  '  ' 
istrscted  noif 
spoke  with  a  loV'  \ 


lalltl 


indeed,  aOd  '  I 
is  it)  the  neit  room,  and  the  b 
Lamb's  wife."  At  which  my  heart  secretly 
me,  and  I  was  ready  to  be  getting 
np  lo  express  my  love  to  him,  and  joy  In 
his  coming,  and  to  go  into  the  nest  room, 
bat  a  slop  was  put  to  me,  and  I  was  not 
to  be  hasty,  but  soberly  to  wait,  and  M 
came  coolly  and  softly  Into  the  next  room, 


»  being  neither  night  nor  day  with 
me.  I  would  in  anguish  of  spirit  cry  to 
the  Lord,  if  I  might  not  come  to  him  as 
a  child,  because  1  had  not  the  spirit  of  enri  of  Ilie  room  (which  I  saw  to  be  ■ 
sonship, '  yet  thou  art  my  Creator,  as  the  spjicious  hall)  trembling,  aiid  was  joyed  at 
beasts  that  have  their  food  from  thee,  the  thing,  but  durst  not  go  near  him  >  bot 
I  cannot  breathe  or  move  as  thy  creature  it  wis  said  in  me,  Stay,and«eewhetherllB 
without  (hee,  and  help  is  ODly  in  (bee,     owns  Ihce,  ud  t«ket  Iheu  to  he  such  an 


J 


590 


Autobiography  of  Lady  SpringeU* 


[Dec 


one  as  thou  lookest  upon  thyielf  to  be ; 
80  I  stood  at  a  great  distance  at  the  lower 
end  of  that  great  hall,  and  Christ  at  the 
upper  end,  whom  I  saw  in  the  appearance 
of  a  fresh  lovely  youth,  clad  in  grey  cloth, 
(at  which  time  I  had  not  heard  of  a  Quaker, 
or  their  habit),  very  plain  and  neat,  of  a 
most  sweet,  aflfable,  and  courteous  car- 
riage, and  he  embraced  several  poor  old 
simple  people  whose  appearance  was  very 
contemptible  and  mean,  without  wisdom 
or  beauty.  I  beholding  this,  judged  in 
myself,  though  his  appearance  be  as  young, 
yet  his  wisdom  and  discretion  is  great, 
that  he  can  behold  the  hidden  worth  in 
those  people,  who  to  me  seem  so  mean, 
so  unlovely,  so  old  and  simple.  At  last 
he  beckoned  to  me  to  come  to  him,  of 
which  I  was  very  glad,  bat  came  lowly 
and  trembling,  not  lifted  up  with  it  nor 
joyed,  but  trembling  and  solid,  and  in 
great  weightiness  and  dread ;  after  a  little 
while  it  was  said.  The  Lamb's  wife  is  also 
come  ;  at  wliich  I  beheld  a  beautiful  young 
virgin,  slender,  modest,  and  grave,  in 
plain  garments,  becoming  and  graceful, 
and  her  image  was  fully  answering  his,  as 
a  brother  and  sister.  After  1  had  beheld 
this,  and  joyed  in  it  as  far  as  i  durst,  I 
spoke  to  Thos.  Zachery  (who  1  then  knew 
a  seeker  after  the  Lord,  though  tossed  as 
myself  in  the  many  ways  yet  pressing  after 
life),  Seeing  Christ  is  indeed  come,  and  few 
know  it,  and  that  those  that  in  the  con- 
fusion mourned  and  rejoiced  knew  it  not, 
but  Christ  is  hid  from  them ,  let  us  take 
the  King's  House  at  Greenwich,*  and  let 
us  dwell  with  Christ  and  enjoy  him. 
(Several  years  after  1  had  another  dream 
about  Friends  in  their  present  state,  which 
shall  relate  at  the  close).  In  this  con- 
dition that  1  mentioned  of,  wearied  seeking 
and  not  finding,  I  married  my  dear  hus- 
band, Isaac  Pennington  ;  my  love  was 
drawn  to  him  because  I  found  he  saw  the 
deceits  of  all  notions,  and  lay  as  one  that 
refused  to  be  comforted  by  any  appear- 
ance of  religion,  until  he  came  to  his  temple 
who  is  truth  and  no  lie ;  and  all  things  that 
appeared  to  be  religion  were  very  mani- 
fest to  him,  so  that  he  was  sick  and  weary 
of  all  that  appeared,  and  in  this  my  heart 
cleaved  to  him,  and  a  desire  was  in  me  to 
be  serviceable  to  him  in  this  his  desolate 
condition,  for  he  was  alone  and  miserable 
in  this  world,  and  I  gave  up  much  to  be  a 
companion  to  him  in  this  his  suffering  ; 
but.  Oh  I  the  groans  in  secret,  and  cries 
that  was  in  me  that  1  might  be  visited  by 
the  Lord,  with  the  knowledge  of  his  way, 
and  that  my  feet  was  but  set  in  the  way 


before  I  went  hence,  though  I  never 
walked  in  it  to  my  joy  or  peace,  but  that 
I  might  but  know  myself  in  the  way,  or 
turned  to  it  I  Though  all  my  time  was  apent 
in  sorrow  or  exercise,  I  resolved  in  my 
heart  I  would  never  go  back  to  thoae 
thuigs  I  had  left ;  having  discorered  death 
and  darkness  to  be  /Aere,  but  would  l»e 
without  a  jeligion  until  the  Lord  mani- 
festly taught  me  one  ;  and  many  timea  by 
myself  I  should  reason  thus :  Why  ahooU 
I  not  know  the  way  of  life,  for  if  the 
Lord  should  give  me  all  in  the  world  it 
wouUl  not  satisfy  me,  nay,  I  would  cry 
out,  I  care  not  for  a  portion  in  tbia  lifo  ; 
give  it  to  those  that  desire  it,  I  am  nuae- 
rable  with  it  all ;  it  is  to  be  in  that  I 
have  had  a  sense  is  to  be  had  that  I  de- 
sire, and  can  only  be  satisfied  with. 

*'  In  this  state  I  heard  of  a  new  people 
called  Quakers.  I  resolved  I  wonid  not 
inquire  after  them,  nor  what  they  held  ; 
and  for  a  year  or  more  after  1  heard  of 
them  in  the  North  I  heard  nothing  of 
their  way,  save  that  they  uaed  thee  and 
thou ;  and  I  saw  a  book  of  plain  langnam 
wrote  by  George  Fox  (as  I  rememberjt 
which  1  counted  very  ridieuloua,  and  ao 
minded  them  not,  but  scoffed  at  them  in 
my  mind ;  and  some  that  I  knew  formerly 
ill  those  things,  where  I  was,  they  men* 
tioued  to  me  that  they  heard  Uie  Qnakerav 
but  they  .were  in  the  vain  apparel  and 
cuntoms,  for  which  I  upbraided  them,  and 
thought  tlicm  very  deceitful,  and  alighted 
the  hearing  of  them,  and  resolved  I  wonU 
not  go  to  hear  them,  nor  did  not,  bat 
despised  them  in  my  mind.  But  after  I 
had  a  desire,  if  1  could  go  to  their  meeting 
unknown,  to  go,  and  be  there  when  they 
prayed,  for  1  was  weary  of  doctrinea;  bat 
1  believed  if  1  was  with  them  when  they 
prayed,  I  could  feel  whether  they  were  of 
the  Lord  or  not ;  but  I  put  thia  bj,  not 
knowing  how  to  go  unknown,  and  if 
known,  1  thought  I  should  be  reported  to 
go  amongst  the  Quakers,  who  I  had  no 
desire  to  inquire  after,  or  understand  their 
principles.  But  one  day  as  my  huaband 
and  1  were  walking  in  a  park  a  man  that 
had  been  a  little  time  at  the  Quaken* 
meetings  spied  us  as  he  rode  by  in  ow 
gay  vain  apparel,  and  he  cried  out  to  m 
of  our  pride,  and  such  like,  at  wliick  I 
scoffed,  and  said,  he  was  a  public  praachor 
indeed  who  preached  in  the  hi^waya;  b«t 
he  came  back  again,  having,  as  he  aaid^  a 
love  to  my  husband,  and  seeing  graoe  ia 
his  looks,  so  he  drew  to  tlie  pawa,  and 
spoke  of  the  light  and  the  graoe  wiiich 
had  appeared  to  all  men.    My  hnsbend 


*  The  Quakers  had  a  place  of  meeting  in  "  the  King's  Houae  at  Greenwicb,"  fron 
about  1G58  to  the  Restoration. 


1851.]  Aalobiogi-aph^  ufLady  Sprmgett.  SSI 

and  he  engaged  in  discourse,  and  afCsr-  to  hiodtd  nnd  cry  out ;  and  if  it  did  bnt 

wBrd  ha  wu  intiled  bj  the  miin  of  the  omh  n  little,  1  then  monmed  for  fesr  I 

botue,  and  he  perceived  he  mis  bat  jonng,  should  be  reconoiled  to  the  thingi  I    felt 

and  my  buebaad  loa  liard  for  him  in  the  under   judgment    gacb  i  detealsdon   of. 

fleahly  wisdom.     Ha  sgjd  he  nould  bring  Aod  then  I  cried  out  that  1  might  not  be 

B  man  Che  neit  dny  nho  shoDld  answer  leTt  in  n  state  Eeciuc  or  quiet  (ill  the  evil 

all  his  qnestions  or  objectiani,  ichich  (as  was  wrought  out ;  and  many  times  I  baffl 

I  afterward  nnderitoad)  was  Gotti^e  Foi.  said  in  myeelfr  '  Ve  will  not  come  to  ma 

He  came  again  Ihu  neit  day  and  left  word  that  ye  may  hsTC  life.'     It  is  trne   I  am 

the  friend  he  intended  could  not  come,  undone  if  I  come  not  to  Ihee ;  but  I  will 

but  some  other  would  be  with  Qi  about  not  come,  for  I  mast  leaie  that  which 

the  second  hour,  at  which  time  did  come  eleaveth  close  unto  me,  I  cannot  part  with 

up    to    the    bon^e    Thomaa    Cnrtia    and  it ;  not  that  1  waa  neceaaitaled  to  it,  bnt 

"William  Simpion.*     My  mind  waa  soma-  (hat  I  choae  it,  nnd  consented  to  it ;  and 

what  affected  with  the  man  who  had  dii-  my  stale  in  this  thing,  and  accordingly 

CDUTsed  the  night  before  ;    and  though  Ihia  (aying  of  Christ,  was  continually  be- 

I  judged  him  weak  in  managing  what  he  fore  me,  and  I  jaatified  the  truth  of  that 

pretended  to,  jetnianyscriptures  ha  men-  saying,   and  the  juetnesa  of  the  Lord  in 

tioned  atock  with  me,  and  were  weighty,  casting  me  olf  and  not  giving  me  lift.     I 

and  what  I  was  out  of  the  practice  of,  upon  every  pain  felt  still  in  mo  thus  that 

and  many  things  disowned  by  the  Scrip-  it  waa  more  than  I  could  bear,  but  the 

tnres  which  1  was  in  the  vanity  of  prae-  wrath   of  God   waa    more,    and   then   I 

tiling,   nnd   thoae   things  made  me  very  should   cry   out    in   great  bitleraeps.     A 

•erions  and  aoberly  inclined  lo  hear  what  little  time  after  I  had  lieard  Friends,  one 

the;  did  Bay  I  and  their  solid  and  weighty  night  upon  my   bed  it  was  said  in  me, 

carriage  stmek  a  dread  over  me,  for  they  '  Be  not  hasty  to  join  with  this  people 

came  in  the  authority  and  power  of  the  called  Quakers.'     I   never  had  pence  or 

lard  to  visit  ua,  and  the  Lord  waa  with  gniet,  from  a  sore  exercise  in  my  mind, 

them,  and  we  were  all  sensible  at  that  tor  many  months,  till  I  was  by  the  stroke 

time  of  the    Lord's  power  manifest  in  of  his  judgments  brought  mf  all  thoae 

them  1  and  Thomaa  Curtis  repeated  this  things  which  I  round  the  light  to  mani- 

BCiipture,  that  struck  me  out  of  all  in-  fest  deceit  in    bondage,   and  vanity  too, 

quiry  or  objections,  '  He  that  will   know  and  with  the  spirit  of  the  world,  and   a 

my   doctrine    must    do    my    commands.'  givingup  tohea  fool,  a  scorn,  and  to  take 

Immediately  it  arose  in  mc,  if  I  would  up  the  cross  to  my  honour  and  re[)Utalton 

know  whether  that  were  tmtb  ther  had  in  the  vrorld  ;  which  things  cost  me  many 

spoken   I  mutt  do  what  1  knew  to  be  bis  tenrs    and   night   wntcbings    and   dolcfiil 

will,  and  what  was  contrary  to  the  Lord  days,   not  at  all  from  that  time  ever  dis- 

in  me  was  lot  before  me  as  to  bo  re-  pnting  (nay,  not  so  much  as  in  my  mind,) 

moved,  and  I  in  the  obedience  of  what  ugainsC  the  doctrine,  but  eieretaed  againat 

waa  required  before  1  waa  In  a  capacity  the  taking  up  the  erois  to  the  language 

to   receive   or    discover    what    they    laid  and  fashions,  and  cnatoms,  titles,  honour, 

down  for  their  principles.     This  wrought  and  esterm  in  the  worid,  and  the  place  1 

mightily  in  me,  and  my  inclination  to  stood   outwardly  in  j    nnd   my  relation! 

tbiogs  seemed  more  strong  than  ever  I  made  it  very  hard.     But  as  I  gave  up, 

imagined,  and  things  I  thought  I  slighted  oat  of  reasoning,  on  coDsnlting  how  to 

much  seemed  to   have  a  stronger  power  provide  for  the  mtsh,  1  received  strength, 

Dver  me.     Terrible  waa  the  Lord  against  and  so  went  to  the  meetings  of  thoae  peo- 

the  vain  and  evil  inclinations  in  mc;   and  pis  I  intended  never  lo  meddle  with,  and 

this  made  me  cuntinualiy,  night  aud  day,  found  them  truly  of  the   Lord  ;  and  m; 

*  Thomaa  Curtis  and  Anne  his  wile,  and  William  Simpson,  weru  early  prosely  tea  and 
Gledfast  friends  of  George  Fo>.  It  is  of  the  latter  that  Foi  reeorda  iu  hia  jonrnal, 
under  (he  year  IGW,  that  "  be  was  moved  of  the  Lord  to  go  at  several  times  for  three 
years  naked  and  barefoot  before  them  [the  persecutor*  of  the  Quaker*]  as  a  sign  unto 
(hem,  in  markata,  courts,  towus,  cities,  to  priests'  houses,  aud  to  groat  men's  housaa, 
telling  them,  SO  shall  they  be  all  stripped  naked  a*  be  was  stripped  naked.  And  some- 
times he  was  moved  lo  put  on  hair  sack-cloth,  nnd  lo  besmear  his  face,  aod  lo  tell 
tbem,  90  would  the  Lord  God  beamcnr  all  their  religion  asbe  was  besmeared.  Great 
BuScringa  did  that  poor  man  nndergo ;  sore  whippings  with  borsenhipi  aod  coach- 
•>hi)>a  on  hia  bare  body,  grievous  stooings  and  imprisODmeuts,  In  three  yeara  time, 
beforo  the  King  came  in,  that  they  might  have  taken  warniug,  but  they  would  not, 
but  rewarded  his  love  with  cruel  neage.  Only  the  Mayor  of  Cambridge  did  nobly  to 
liim,  for  he  pot  hi*  |{atiii  about  him  and  took  kim  into  hia  IjotMo.'' 


J 


592 


fiutobiogyaph^  uf  Lady  Springett. 


[Dec. 


heart  uwned  tlieiu,  and  honoured  them, 
and  longed  to  he  one  of  tliem,  and  minded 
not  the  cost,  but  judged  it  worth  all  my 
cost  and  pains,  if  I  came  to  witness  such 
a  change  as  I  saw  in  them,  and  such  power 
over  their  corruptions.  I  had  heard  the 
objection  against  them  that  they  wrought 
not  miracles  ;  but  I  said  they  did  great 
miracles,  in  that  they  which  were  of  the 
world,  and  in  fellowship  with  it,  came  to 
turn  from  it ;  and  in  taking  up  the  cross, 
I  received  strength  against  many  things 
that  I  thought  not  possible  to  deny  ;  but 
many  tears  did  I  shed,  and  bitterness  of 
soul  did  I  know  before  this,  and  have 
cried  out,  I  shall  one  day  fall  by  the  over- 
powering of  the  enemy.  But,  oh  !  the 
joy  that  tilled  my  soul  at  the  first  meeting 
in  our  then  habitation  of  Chalfont*  (I 
have  a  fresh  remembrance  of  it),  in  the 
sense  the  Ijord  had  given  me  to  live  to  wor- 
ship him  in  that  which  was  undoubtedly  his 
own,  and  that  I  need  put  no  stop  to  my 
spirit  in  it  but  swim  in  the  life,  and 
give  up  my  whole  strength  to  that  which 
melted  and  overcame  me  that  day.  Oh  ! 
how  long  hud  I  desired  to  worship  him  in 
full  assurance  of  acceptation,  and  to  lift 
up  my  hands  without  doubting;  which 
thing  1  witnessed  that  day,  and  to  the 
Loril  in  spirit  that  day,  in  that  assembly, 
acknowledged  the  greatness  and  wonder- 
fulness  of  that  rich  mercy  to  be  able  to 
sny,  This  is  it  1  have  longed  for  and 
waited,  though  feared  I  never  should  have 
seen,  which  the  Lord  owned,  accepted,  and 
blessed  in  our  assembling  together. 

**  Many  trials  have  I  been  exercised  with 
since  ;  but  all  which  came  by  the  Lord's 
ordering  strengthened  my  life  in  them, 
and  hurt  me  not ;  but  my  mind  coming 
out  into  the  prejudice  against  some  Friends, 
did  sorely  hurt  me ;  but  after  a  thne  of 
deep  unknown  sorrow  (to  others)  the 
Lord  removed  the  thing,  and  gave  me 
clearness  in  his  hight,  and  love  and  ac- 
cei>tance  with  his  beloved  ones,  and  he 
hath  many  times  refreshed  my  soul  in  his 
presence,  and  given  me  an  assurance  that 
I  knew  that  estate  in  which  he  will  never 
leave  me,  nor  suffer  mc  to  be  drawn  from 
him;  though  infirmities  beset  me,  yet  my 
heart  cleaveth  to  the  Lord  in  the  ever- 
lasting bond  that  can  never  be  broken  ; 
and  in  his  strength  do  i  see  those  in- 
firmities, and  bemoan  myself  unto  him, 
and  feel  that  faith  in  him  which  gives  the 
victory,  and  keeps  low  in  the  sense  of  the 


weakness,  and  quickens  in  me  a  lively 
hope  of  seeing  Satan  trod  under  foot  by 
the  grace  that  is  suflBcient;  and  I  feel  and 
know  where  my  help  licth ;  and  when  I 
have  slipped  in  word  or  thought,  I  know 
my  advocate,  and  have  reconne  to  him, 
and  feel  pardon  and  healing,  and  a  going 
on  to  overcome,  and  a  watching  against 
that  which  easily  besets  me ;  and  I  do 
believe  the  enemy  could  not  prevail,  but 
that  he  is  suffered  to  prove  me  that  I 
might  have  my  dependence  on  the  Lord, 
and  be  kept  on  the  watch  continually, 
and  know  the  Lord  only  can  make  war 
with  this  dragon,  and  so,  by  discovering 
my  weakness,  be  tender  of  the  tempted, 
and  watch  and  pray,  lest  1  also  be  tempted; 
and  sweet  is  this  state,  though  low,  for  in 
it  I  receive  my  daily  bread,  and  have  that 
I  have  continually  given  forth  from  the 
Lord,  and  live  not  but  as  he  breatheth 
the  breath  of  life  upon  me  every  moment. 
'*  P.S.  This,  after  I  had  written  it,  lay  by 
me  a  considerable  time.  It  came  into  my 
mind  one  day  to  leave  it  with  Elisabeth 
Walrosly  to  kee])  till  1  was  dead,  and  then 
for  her  to  show  it  such  as  had  a  love  for 
me.  So  one  day  I  appointed  her  to  meet 
me  at  John  Mannock's,  at  Giles  Chalfont, 
and  there  I  told  her  this,  and  read  it  to 
her,  desiring  of  her  to  write  it  out,  if  she 
could  read  it,  and  I  would  leave  it  with 
her;  this  was  in  the  year  1668  that  I  pro- 
posed it  to  her,  but  it  afterwards  went  oat 
of  my  mind.  Now  it  is  almost  1672  in 
which  1  lighted  of  it  amongst  my  writings, 
and  reading  it  found  it  to  be  a  tme  ac- 
count of  |>as8age8  from  my  childhood  till 
the  time  that  it  was  written.  I  am  now 
willing  to  have  it  written  over  fair,  for  my 
children,  and  some  |)eculiar  friends,  who 
know  and  feel  me  in  that  which  wit- 
nesseth  a  hungering  and  thirsting,  and 
many  times  being  livingly  satisfied  in  God 
my  life. 

'*  Mary  Pennington." 

*'  I  here  shall  mention  a  dream  that  I 
had  at  Worminghurst  (between  twenty 
and  thirty  years  after),  which  I  set  here 
because  at  the  close  of  this  dream  I 
dreamt  that  I  related  part  of  the  second 
dream  mentioned  before  as  I  shall  ezpreaa 
hereafter. 

"  Being  at  Worminghurst,  in  Sussei, 
at  my  son  Penn's,  the  30th  of  seventh 
month,  seventh  night  in  the  week,  1676, 
being  in  bed  and  asleep,  I  dreamed  te. 


*  Kllwood  mentions  this  house  as  "  the  Grange  in  Peter^s  Chalfont."  One  of  the 
most  amusint;  pnssnt^es  in  his  Diary  is  that  in  which  he  describes  the  astonishment  of 
his  father  niiil  Iiinisrlf  on  their  g'Mng  to  Chalfont  to  visit  their  old  ac(|naintance  Lady 
Sprin;;ett,  the  writer  of  this  nutobios^raphy,  then  the  wife  of  laaac  Pennington,  and 
finding  to  their  amazement  that  she  and  her  husband  had  become  Quakers. 
4 


Avtohtography  of  Lao 


'  Springell. 

[ilai-e.     Tbia  put 


fe,  and  tooW  up  the 

,    language,    rriendshipi 

urs  of  Cbe   world, 


dved  the  truth      ated  u: 
us  to  the  CU9-     baea  i 
titles, 


id  endured  dea- 


piainga,  reproacl 

Bcarnings  /ram  relations.  acquaiDttDce, 
neighbonrs  and  servants,  those  of  our  own 
rank  in  the  worid,  and  those  belon  us. 
and  became  a  by-word,  and  a  wagging  of 
the  head;  .accounting  of  Ds  to  be  be- 
witched, mad,  and  foola,  and  such  like  :  we  were 
being  stoned  and  abused  in  towns  where      decently 

'        '     '         "'  '  "      everal     submitting  to 


upon  a  great 
to  leave  this 
loin  we  had  been  iastrumentsl  ia 
to  (he  truth,  and  had  known  our 

ad  we  had  snlfereJ  tugeUwr  and 
iFortcd  together.  We  had  ilio 
:ons  in  regard  to  our  outward  cs- 
gtistnoug  strangers:  the  peopln 
iighbourhood  had  a 


lUliaa  and  ruU- 

1  so  were  compass iooale  of  as.  far 

;in  their  sight  so  siripped,  and  ei. 

0  great  things  of  us,  to  answer  our 

the  world,  bat  rather  wondered 

sunk,  Lut  were  able  to  live 

their  own;  our 

in  things  which  our 


places  suffering  imprisonments.  This  being  dilion   occasioned  was  hooonrable  before 

not  enough  to  trj  iis,  and  work  for  ns  a  them,  which  strangers    would   have  des. 

Tar  greater  weight  of  glorr,  it  pleased  the  piaed,  whicli  would  have   been  uneasy  to 

lard  to  try  ui  by  the  losa  of  our  estate,  us  ;  whereas  the  other  temper  among  our 

injury  from  relations  in  withholding  oar  acqaaintance  and  countrymen  helped  na 

due,  sod  suing  as  unrighteoosly  for  oar  tbe  eattier  t(  '     ~ 

;  teuants  wronging  us  from  what  the  great  deal  o 


law  gave,  putting  ds  into  (he  Chsncerj, 

because  we  conid    not    swear,   relations     ing  lived  in  gre 

taking  that  coarse  to  defeat  me  of  my      '     ' 

land.  We  were  pat  oat  of  our  dwelling- 
house  in  an  injarious,  aurighteous  manner. 
Thug  were  we  stripped  of  my  husband'i 
estate,  and  wronged  of  a  great  part  of 
;  after  this  we  were  tossed  up  and 


being  bom  to  and  bav- 
plenly.  Thus  we  were 
eKurciaea,  anu  one  day  when  we  were 
near  going  to  Wallbam  Abbey,  11.  T. 
comiug  to  see  ui  and  bewailing  that  wo 
were  going  out  of  the  country,  and  had 
no  place  to  return  to,  said.  Why  will  yon 
not  buv  some  little  thing  near  as  }     1  re- 


e  had  n< 


abide  in,  in  this  country,  near  to  tbe  meet- 
ings, which  were  gathered  at  oar  haute  at 
Chalfont,    but    we  were  pressed  in  onr 
spirits  to  stay  amongst  them,  it  an;  place 
could    be   found    with    any   eonveniency, 
though    but    ordinary    and   decent;    we 
sought  in  many  places,  within  the  com- 
pass of  four  or   five  miles  from  this  meet- 
ing, but  could  lind  none;  butwe  bad  such 
a  sense  of  its  being  our  place,  that  we  had 
not  freedom  to  settle  anywhere  eiie,  but 
boarded  at  Walthaoi  Abbey  for  a 
for  our  children's  accommodatior 
school  there,  and    thought   to    le 
friends  to  provide  or  inquire  for 


.  an  lUOJ.  besides  rents,  and 
sell  some  of  mine  so  to  do. 

that  he  had  an  nncle  (hat 


=  plac, 


1  the  s 


r  seeking  for  a  pli 
never  think  of  buying  anything  to  settle 
ourselves  in,  nay,  we  rather  endearoared 
to  have  no  concern  in  oar  habitation,  bat 
room  for  our  family,  and  no  land.  We 
frequently  desired  a  disentangled  state.  I 
seeing  no  provision  like  to  be  made  for  Da 
in  the  country  near  those  people,  told  my 
bosbaod  1  should  not  be  willing  to  move 
from  them  into  any  other  place,  hut  oar 
own  estate  in  Kent,  which  he  liked  not  to 
do,  excepting  against  the  air  and  dirtineu 
Gbnt.  IHUo.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


He  told  me 

would  sell  a         _ 

which  stood  near  the  Meetings  and  was  a 

healthy  place,   and   the  house  might  be 

trimmed  up  and  made  babilable. 

[After  no  iittle  trouble,  the  home  thug 
suggetted,  which  was  that  of  John  Hnn 
phrey  at  Woodside,  wua  filed  upon  to  I 
purchaaeil.     By  the   sssiilance  of  Tho-    ' 
ammer     mas   Ellnood,  who  was  probably   Laitf    I 
of  the      Springelt's  troitce  of  some  land  she  had 
re  oar      at    Weetbere    in     Kent,   that    land    was 
IS,  and     sold,   and   the  house   at  Waodside  na* 

some      liongbt  and  repaired. 

len  for  Within  a  few    years    aflcrwarda    Lady 

We,  in   all      Springelt  become  a  secoud  time  a  widow, 

removed   to   Edmonton,   where  ebs 

frirqoently   visited  by  George   Fou. 

removal  tluthet  took  ploce  "  In  the 

1  mouth,   IGBO."    The  closing  paa- 

9  of  the  autobiography  are  dated  in 

e  fourth    month,    1S81,"  ' 

in  fitreme  ill  benltb.     Her  mlod  to- 

led  stedfost  in  religion,  but  she  W 

id  buithened  with  many  in- 


;.,] 


594 


ULRICH    VON   HUTTEN. 
Part  IV. 

BATTLES  AND  THE  BEGINNINGS  OF  BATTLES. 


IT  might  have  been  supposed  that 
whatever  were  the  faults  and  indis- 
cretions of  Ulrich  Von  Uutten*s  early 
youth  he  had  now  done  enough  as  a 
writer  and  ns  a  man  to  make  his  family 
proud  of  him.  But  they  were  in- 
clined to  judge  him  by  the  vulgar 
standard  of  worldly  success,  the  worst 
standard  they  could  have  applied  to 
one  gifted  with  such  distinct  and  daring 
individuality.  On  quitting  Ems  he 
hastened  with  yearning  feet  to  the 
home  of  his  childhood.  There  how- 
ever no  warm  welcome  awaited  him. 
He  was  received  as  the  prodigal  son, 
to  whom  it  was  kindness  enough  to  be 
coldly  civil,  lletuming  atler  long 
years  and  bitter  sufferings,  he  found 
he  was  expected  to  be  huml)ly  grateful 
that  the  door  was  not  shut  in  his  face. 
Because  he  had  studied  the  writings 
of  the  ancients  with  exceeding  dili- 
gence, he  was  told  that  if  that  were 
all  he  knew  it  were  better  if  he  knew 
nothing,  and  that^  instead  of  being 
honoured  as  a  true  German  knight, 
be  was  despised  as  a  miserable  scrib- 
bler. Even  if  he  had  been  neither  a 
Doctor  of  Law  nor  a  Doctor  of  Theo- 
logy, if  he  had  only  worn  a  monk's 
cowl,  he  would  not  have  been  quite  so 
useless  and  contemptible  a  creature  as 
they  professed  to  regard  him.  At 
then*  urgent  request,  therefore,  though 
greatly  against  his  own  will,  he  was 
compelled  to  resume  his  law  studies, 
and  for  that  purj>ose  set  out  a  second 
time  for  Italy  in  1515  in  the  company 
of  several  young  noblemen,  l^rom 
Worms  he  wrote  to  Erasnnis,  then  re- 
siding at  Basle,  that  he  would  gladly 
have  come  to  sit  at  his  feet  and  learn 
wisdom  from  his  lips,  but  that  he  was 
forced  by  the  pressing  desire  of  his 
relations  to  journey  into  Italy  to 
perfect  his  acquaintance  with  law. 

At  Kome  he  ibund  no  dilliculty  in 
resuming  his  old  career  of  adventure. 
On  one  occasion  he  went  on  a  pleasure 
excursion  to  Viterbo.  Five  French- 
men, belonmng  to  the  suite  of  the 
French  Anibassador  at  Kome,  were 
of  the  party.  'I'hey  bogan  to  make 
merry  at  the  exiwiise  of  (Jermany  and 


the  Germans,  and  even  to  turn  into 
ridicule  a  name  dear  to  the  German 
heart,  that  of  the  Emperor  MaximilUn. 
Hutten  rebuked  them  for  their  inao- 
lence,  and  told  them  to  carb  their 
lawless  tongues.  They  paid  no  at- 
tention to  hmi,  but  only  grew  the  more 
reckless  and  shameless  m  their  mockerf 
of  everything  which  Hutten  as  a  Ger- 
man esteemed  and  loved  the  most. 
AVhen  he  reproached  them  in  words 
still  sterner  and  stronger,  they  rushed 
on  him  with  drawn  swords.  Ue  es- 
caped from  this  cowardly  attack^  bat 
they  followed  in  fury  after  him.  None 
of  the  Germans  jsresent  had  the  courage 
to  take  either  his  part  or  that  of  their 
insulted  country.  Finding  himself 
hard  pressed,  Ilutten  drew  his  sword, 
turned  on  the  cravens,  struck  one  of 
them  down,  and  put  the  others  to 
ilight.  He  had  already  acquired  much 
literary  reputation,  but  this  encounter 
greatly  added  to  his  fame,  by  showing 
that  his  sword  was  quite  as  sharp  as 
his  pen. 

Law  was  not  made  more  attraetiTe 
for  Hutten  by  the  way  in  which  it  was 
taught  at  liomc.  He  nevertheless 
struggled  sti*cnuou8ly  to  surmount  his 
disgust  at  a  dry  study,  rendered  still 
more  repulsive  by  incompetent  or  pe- 
dantic teachers,  and,  however  little  he 
loved  law,  the  discipline  mar  not  have 
been  without  its  use  to  a  mmd  natur- 
ally somewhat  prone  to  insubordina- 
tion. The  monotony  of  his  studies 
was  sufliciently  varied  by  all  which  he 
was  called  on  every  day  to  obscnre  of 
the  Komish  court  and  the  Romish 
priesthood,  and  of  that  abyss  of  abo" 
niinations  in  which  they  were  boA 
weltering.  Here  was  scope  enough 
for  the  sharp  eye  of  such  a  man ;  toe 
hugest  foulness,  the  most  leprous  hititj^ 
that  ever  decked  themselves  out  m 
the  garb  of  religion.  If  the  sfHrit  of 
the  Keformer  had  never  burned  in 
Hutten  before,  it  would  hare  been 
kindled  by  the  scenes  of  iniquity  and 

{pollution  wliich  he  dfliiy  witnessed  at 
lome.  Each  scene  iumishcd  him 
with  a  weapon  and  inspiratioB  fbr 
future  warfare.    Whatever  indigna- 


1851.] 


Ulrkh  von  Iluilen. 


595 


tion,  however,  Hutten  conceived  tat 
priestl J  wickedness  and  priestly  ohu- 
lataniam,  it  does  not  seem  to  have  ex- 
tended to  Leo  the  Tenth,— that  Louis 
Quatorze  of  a  Pope,  whose  bounteoiu- 
ness  of  fncuU;,  general  breadth  of 
character,  love  for  and  patronace  of 
art,  and  highly  cultivated  mind,  nhose 
grandiose  llowingness  of  nature,  whose 
geniality,  generosity,  and  grace  miti- 
gate the  harshness  of  the  verdict  which 
otherwise  we  should  be  inclined  to 
pronounceon  the  reckless  epicureanism 
of  one  who  was  honoured  and  obeyed 
as  the  spiritual  head  of  the  Christian 

Uutten  quitted  Rome  for  Bolo^Ui 
toward  the  end  of  1516.  One  of  niB 
reasons  for  leaving  Rome  was  a  fear 
lest  the  French  out  of  revenge  should 
assasunate  him.  Law  waa  not  more 
to  his  taste  at  Bologna  than  it  had 
been  at  Rome.  He  tried  in  vain  to 
vanquish  his  repugnsnce  for  a  stndjr 
whicn  jet  his  sense  of  duty  forced 
him  to  pursue.  He  cave  vent  to  his 
dislike  to  law  and  his  antipathy  to 
lawyers  in  a  satirical  poem  with  the 
title  of  Nemo.  The  first  edition  of 
this  poem  had  nppeareil  in  1512;  an 
improved  edition  in  1516,  with  a  dedi- 
catory epistle  to  Crotus  Uubianus.  At 
that  time  there  was  still  more  monkery 
perhaps  in  legal  than  in  ecclesiastical 
affairs,  and  Uutten  hated  the  monkery 
of  law  still  more  bitterly  than  that  oi 
the  Cliurch,  OS  being  brought  so  un- 
willingly into  contact  with  it.  Among 
monks  of  every  kind,  whether  calling 
tbemsclves  jurisconsults  or  priests,  the 
poem  ami  the  epistle  fell  like  poisoned 
arrows,  and  ihey  sbriukcd  with  pain. 
The  Nenio  is  regarded  as  the  moat 
hnisheil  of  lluttcn's  satirical  wri^ngs. 
It  was  translated  into  different  liui- 
guagcs ;  and  Miinch  sa^s  that  its 
main  ideas  and  moat  stiikmg  passives 
were  frequently  pilfered  1^  Freneb 
poets  without  acknowledgment.  Ranker 
though  more  inclined  to  see  in  Hutten 
the  ardour  of  the  battler  than  the 
depth  of  the  thinker,  assigns  a  hi^ 
place  to  this  poem. 

In  Bologna  a  quarrel  arose  between 
the  German  and  the  Italian  student*. 
From  words  it  came  to  blows,  and  the 
blows  were  not  without  bloodshed. 
In  one  of  the  fiercest  of  the  conflicts 
Uutten  nearly  lost  bis  life.  The  con- 
tending parties  at  lost  brought  the 


subject  of  their  disputes  before  the 
civil  tribunal.  The  Germans  appointed 
Ulrich  their   representative,  and  the 
pleader  of  their  cause  before  the  chief 
magistrate    of  the  city.     Ho   spoka 
boldly,  but  with  a  scrupulous  regaxd 
to  truth;  and  be  was  so  anxious  not.  J 
to  overstate,  or  in  any  waytoembellidi,'] 
\\K    case,  that  be  avoided  whatevw  1 
iriinlit  wear  a  retaliatory  or  vindictiva" 
: -pix't.     While  Iluttcn  was  congratu- 
l:illrig  himself  on  his  supposed  mods-  ' 
lAiion,  his  inipetnosity  had  given  ex.* 
i^ocJiu;;  olfence  to  the  miu;islrate,  vrhoi 
mistaking  his  warmth   lor  insolence, 
resolved  to  punish  him  in  the  most 
signal  manner.    Even  if  he  escaped 
from   the    magistrate's   cruel   clutob, 
Ulrich  knew   that  be  could  not  lo 
easily    avoid    the    assassin's    daggWi 
Leaving  Uologna,  therefore,  he  weak  j 
lo  Ferrnra,  and  thence  to  Venice.     &L   f 
both  tiie^  cities  he  was  received  wiA  ' 
so  much  kindness  and  distinction  thit    ' 
he  could  not  help  expressing  his  grati-   | 
fication  in  a  letter  to  Ei'asmus.  1 

On  returning  from  Venice  lo  Gflp-  "| 
many,  Uutten  repaired  finrt  of  alltV'j 
Augsburg,  where  n  diet  of  princes  mfl  'j 
assembled,  and  where  the  EmperoV  I 
Maximilian  was  holding  his  court*  l 
Ue  found  friends  in  abundance  anunif  J 
tho  many  distinguishcil  men  who  werft '  f 
gathered  round  the  Emperor.  ThrM  J 
especially  espoused  his  interests,  and 
flaw  bim  the  warmest  proofs  of  oflTeo* 
(iijii, — the  Emperor's  secretary,  Jacob 
^^liii'fTcl,  Johnn  Stab,  and  Conrad  Peu« 
tJTi^ur.  Spk'gcl  was  e(inally  fanioiu 
lu  iL  scholar,  a  statesman,  a  jurist,  uid  ' 
a.  [latriot.  Entering  (he  aervico  of  ■ 
Charles  the  Fifth  atter  tlie  death  of  1 
Maxiniilinn,  he  subsequently  becanw-'l 
wwrelury  to  tho  Emperor's  brotheiv  ] 
Ferdinand  tlw  King  of  the  RoiauHk ,] 
Tin  Diet  of  Worms  in  15^1,  at  wbidl  I 
he  was  present,  seems  to  have  din  ■] 
guste<l  him  with  public  affttirs,  froia  A 
whiob  he  thenceforth  in  a  groat  mi 
sure  withdrew.  lie  passed  the  li 
vcars  of  his  lilb  at  Strasburg,  whert  ] 
he  died  in  1538.  Stab  was  a  man  of  j 
very  various  tolcntii  and  acquirement**  I 
As  A  physician,  as  a  poet,  us  &  hw>  1 
torinn,  he  would  nuver  have  ocfaicvecl  I 
mu<'hcmincncc;butn9amathematkC)aD  ] 
he  Imd  few  more  illustrious  cnntempO"  1 
rarics.  lie  prepared  tiuincrous  astr>>  I 
uoniical  anil  geographicid  maps,  aa»  j 
couipanied  by  copious  dcscriptiong  and  1 


596 


Ulrich  von  HuUen. 


[Dec. 


elucidations,  invented  many  mathe- 
matical instruments,  and  published 
many  mathematical  treatises.  His 
histories  and  his  Latin  poetry  are 
never  likely  to  find  readers  again. 
lie  died  as  historiographer  at  the  uni- 
versity of  Vienna;  a  situation  which 
he  had  long  held,  and  to  which  the 
Emperor  Maximilian  had  appointed 
him.  Peutinger  was  horn  at  Augs- 
burg in  1465,  and  died  in  1547. 
During  his  long  life  he  acquired  the 
esteem  of  all  by  the  unbending  inte- 
grity of  his  character,  and  by  his  ready 
aid  to  every  good  cause.  As  a  writer 
chiefly  on  antiquarian  and  historical 
subjects,  and  as  a  lawyer,  he  added 
lustre  to  the  important  offices  which 
he  held  under  Maximilian  and  Charles 
the  Fifth.  All  three  were  strenuous 
in  recommending  Ilutten  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Emperor.  Peutinger  praised 
his  genius,  his  learning,  the  services 
which,  though  young,  he  had  already 
rendered  to  literature  and  to  his  coun- 
try, and  i)ictured  the  brilliant  career 
which  such  noble  beginnings  infallibly 
herald.  He  also  spoke  with  enthu- 
siasm of  his  (chivalrous  courage  and 
high  sense  of  honour,  and  narrated 
in  glowing  language  the  aflair  at 
Viterbo,  in  which  Ulrich*s  valour 
and  resolution  in  defence  of  the  Em- 
peror's name  and  nation  had  so  glo- 
riously l)een  shown  to  the  discomfiture 
of  the  French.  Maximilian's  favour 
was  won  at  once  by  such  lavish  and 
fervent  eulogies,  lie  created  him  a 
knight  on  the  15th  June,  1517,  in  the 
I)rcsence  of  princes  and  nobles,  ])lacing 
at  the  same  time  a  wreath  of  laurel  on 
his  brow,  to  signify  that  he  was  no  less 
sensible  of  his  poetical  talents  than  of 
his  bravery.  This  wreatli  had  been 
made  by  the  fair  hands  of  Constantia, 
the  daughter  of  Peutinger,  who  was 
greatly  celebrated  for  her  beauty. 

Hutten's  life  at  Augsburg  flowed  on 
with  more  happiness  and  trantpiillity 
than  the  years  which  had  jn'eceded  or 
than  those  which  were  to  follow.  In- 
deed, considering  how  stormy  and  rest- 
less his  career  was  as  a  whole,  it  was 
like  the  calm  unrullied  current  which 
we  sometimes  see  between  two  ca- 
taracts. The  i)r(»tectioii  and  kindness 
of  the  Emperor  gave  a  more  solid  basis 
to  his  renown,  and  enabled  men  to 
look  at  him  less  in  the  light  of  an  ad- 
venturer.   Stab,  Peutinger,  and  Spie- 


gel, tried  to  persuade  him  to  enter 
mto  the  Emperor*s  service ;  a  step  which 
the  Emperor  himself  strongly  pressed. 
The  Elector  of  Mentz  at  the  same  time 
made  him  offers  equally  tempting.  He 
remained  for  a  season  exceeaingly  un- 
decided in  his  choice  of  a  master.  He 
alludes  to  his  indecision  in  a  letter  to 
Erasmus  from  Bamberg,  whither  he  had 
in  the  meanwhile  gone,  dated2l8t  Julj, 
1517.  In  this  letter  he  briefly  nar- 
rates his  history,  from  his  departore 
to  Rome  till  the  moment  of  writing. 
He  thanks  Erasmus  f(»r  scndins  him  m 
copy  of  the  New  Testament  which  he 
had  published,  and  for  the  honourable 
mention  which  he  had  made  of  him  in 
the  i>reface.  At  this  period  he  does 
not  appear  to  have  entertained  a  sus- 
picion of  the  real  character  of  ErasmuSv 
or  of  the  craven  element  that  ran 
through  and  infected  his  whole  nature. 

While  still  irresolute  as  to  the  future, 
Hutten  paid  a  visit  to  his  father  at 
Steckelberg.  Pleased  that  he  should 
have  attracted  the  notice  of  the  Cm- 
peror,  and  that  a  brighter,  smoother 
path  seemed  thus  to  await  him,  his 
family  gave  him  a  much  more  cordial 
reception  than  they  had  thought  him 
worthy  of  a  year  or  two  before.  He 
was  no  longer  the  prodigal  son,  and, 
with  a  little  guiding  and  prompting, 
something  might  retuly  be  made  of  him 
after  all.  But  his  reforming  tendencies 
prevented  himself  from  being  reformed 
after  their  fashion  and  phantasy,  and 
brought  strange  confusion  among  their 
nice  little  domestic  dreams  of  teachinir 
him  to  walk  soberly  and  steadily,  u 
they  could  only  clip  his  wings. 

It  was  from  Steckelberg,  in  De- 
cember, 1517,  that  he  addr^ied  a  long 
Latin  epistle  to  Leo  X.  as  a  preface 
to  a  work  of  Laurentius  Valla  which 
he  republished. 

For  many  centuries  a  tradition  had 
been  received  in  the  Christian  world, 
and  zealously  propagated  by  the 
Church  of  liome,  that  sovereign  au- 
thority over  liome,  Italy,  anu  manj 
other  provinces  of  the  western  empire, 
had  been  bestowed  on  Pope  Sylvester 
the  First  by  Constantino  the  Crreat, 
out  of  gratitude  for  the  baptism  which 
he  had  receiv(Hl,  and  because  he  deemed 
it  imj)r(>per  that  the  ecclesiastical  and 
}K)litical  heads  of  Christendom  should 
i)oth  dwell  in  the  same  place.  Pope 
Adrian  the  First  gave  as  much  — 


1851.] 


Ulrich  von  JJutlm. 


597 


s  he  could  to  this  pretended 
gifl  in  a  letter  to  Charlemagne,  in 
which  he  urged  hitii  U)  follow  Uie 
example  of  his  g;reflt  and  pioua  pre- 
decessor Constantine  the  Great,  bj 
whose  zeal  and  liberality  the  interests 
of  the  Church  had  been  so  inunenselj 
promoted.  It  has,  howerer,  been 
shoirn  that  for  long  ages  al^r  Con- 
stantine there  is  Do  trace  of  the  tradi* 
tion,nor  was  any  Papal  act  based  on 
it,  though,  having  once  taken  its  place 
among  traditions,  it  was  a  convenient 
instrument  of  imposture.  At  the  be- 
ginning  of  the  twelAh  century  it  was 
vehemently  aesfuled,  but  without  much 
success,  at  a  period  when  credulity 
was  universal.  In  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury it  found  a  powerful  opponent  in 
Laurentius  Vnlla,  who  branded  it  be- 
fore the  world  as  a  lie,  that  could  not 
even  plead  a  very  remote  antiquity  in 
its  favour.  But  while  men  praised  bis 
energy,  his  talent,  and  bis  erudition, 
they  marvelled  not  a  little  at  his  bold- 
ness. Others,  however,  took  courage 
from  him  to  treat  with  less  tender- 
ness than  hod  formerly  been  common, 
the  hoary  falsehood.  GuJcciardlni 
wrote  a  long  treatise  against  it ;  Ariosto 
made  it  a  subject  of  mockery,  reckon- 
ing it  among  the  (' '  •  ■  i  • 
disappeared  from 
be  found,  if  anywhere, 

Laurentius  Vallii,  who  did  Euch  good 
ticrvicc  in  his  day,  is  a  man  not  to  he 
passed  over  without  a  nord  of  notice. 
lie  was  born  at  Home  in  the  year  1415. 
When  he  grew  up  his  soul  was  fiUed 
with  cxceediug  sorrow  at  the  barbaroni 
condition  into  which  his  native  land 
had  fallen  in  reference  to  every  noble 
science  and  liberal  art,  and  he  resolved, 
inspired  by  the  spirit  of  the  ancients,  to 
be  a  reformer  of  literary  taste,  a  kindier 
of  literary  ardour,  in  Italy.  With  that 
object  in  view,hc  wrote  a  work,  entitled 
"Elegances  of  the  Latin  Tongue,"  in 
which  he  showed,  by  examples  taken 
from  the  ancient  classics,  the  enlight- 
ened principles  which  should  guide 
the  study  and  the  use  of  langu^ev. 
Quintilian  was  bis  favourite  author, 
for  whom  he  entertained  a  passionate 
enthusiasm.  He  translated  into  Latin 
Herodotus,  Thucydldcs,  and  the  Iliad. 
Through  the  freedom  of  his  criticisms, 
his  scorn  for  pedantry,  and  his  impsr 
Ucnce  oratupidlty,he  became  involved 
in  numerous  controversies  in  which  he 
wielded  the  Jaab  with  terrific  eflect, 


and  without  u  throb  of  mercy,     Thi» 
gained  him  a  bad  character  among  the 
dunces  and  the  mediocrities-     These 
swelled  the  howl  of  hiite  which  the 
priests  raised  on  the  publication  of  his 
treatise  Contra   effUlata   ct  ementilam 
Contlantini  dojtalionem,  already  men- 
tioned, which  woe  felt  to  be  one  of 
the  most  crushing  blows  which  their 
influence  and  pretensions  had  ever  re- 
ceived.    At  Naples,   whither  he  had  r: 
gone,  subsequently  to  the  appeorauea ' ' 
of  his  treatise,  he  was  only  saved  fhnn   i 
the  Inquisition,  and  from  being  burned  ' 
as  a  heretic,  by  the  active  interceasioa 
of  Kins  AJphonso.     He  afterwardbi 
returned  to  Rome,  and  recovered  the 
Pope's  favour,  and  died  as  a  Canon  ia   . 
the  Lateran  on   the   IsC   of  Augustv   -. 
146S.    Mis  own  numerous  works  have  J 
been  found  fault  with  for  not  always  I 
faithfully  following  the  models  of  eter   j 
gance  and  of  clossioal  purity  which  he 
was    so    fond    of   recommending    to 
others. 

In  the  work  which  drew  down  upon 
Laurentius  Vntia  so  terrible  a  bur«t  ' 
of  priestly  vengeance,  he  showed  that 
Constantme  the  Great  had  never  giveo 
away  whole  provinces  and  kingdoms 
under  the   name   of  a  patrimony   of 
Saint  Peter,  uor  had  Pope  Sylvester    | 
ever  accepted  any  such  gift  ;  that  it 
the  first  hod  really  made  such  a  wSK     \ 
ond  if  the  other  hadreidly  accepted  il^"'  A 
yet  was  the  gift  wholly  invalid,  since  Aa,  J 
Emperor  had  no  right  to  make  the  ^^A^^ 
and  the  Pope,  RS  the  successor  of  Cfaris^l 
whose  kingdom  is  not  of  this  woriSi. 
had  still  less  right  to  accept  the  sainer  ' 
that  the  so-called  gift  of  Constantine 
could  never  huve  become  valid  through 
liny  prest'riptive  title !  that,  finally,  if 
till?  jrid  had  ever  either  been  or  become 
vmIIiU  llie  Popes  had  long  shown  them- 
>iU\'^  unworthy   of  It,  and  had  liir- 
ji.'iled  their  claim  to  it  by  their  ex- 


fanguage  to  ti;ie  in  Italy  four  hundred 
years  aau.  ■  W  hen  shall  we  have  ft 
Plutarch  to  give  us  the  history,  than 
which  none  coidd  be  more  instructive. 
and  interesting,  of  Reformers  bcfovt' 
the  Itelbnnation? 

The  treatise  of  Laurentius  ^ 
luul  been  prohibited  by  the  P 
under  the  severest  penalties.     It 


lan  I 

iva  "^^^H 

peg'  -^^^^ 


uud  its  oUwunty ;  it  bnrer  to  dodiottt 


Ulrich  eon  Hutten. 


[De 


it  to  a  Poiic  i  bravest  of  all  to  speak 
witliDUt  rtwerve  to  that  I'ope,  in  the 
ileiliciLtioii,  of  Papal  coiruplion,  hu> 
quity,  and  Jeaiwtisni.  It  is  true  that  he 
contraats  Leo  the  Tentli  withhU  pre- 
di^cessors,  aud  praises  him  ns  warmly 
as  he  comleinns  them.  Tliia  comjili- 
mentary  tone  hon  been  thought  to  be 
wholly  ironical,  but  there  is  no  reason 
for  beiieviiig  it  sueh.  Leo  had  little 
iucliiifttion  to  play  the  tyrant,  or  even 
very  emphatically  to  assert  I'npal  b- 
faliibility.  If  fauy  handa  hod  always 
kept  his  treasury  full,  enabling  him 
in  every  way  to  be  the  munilicent 
patron  oi' art,  and  to  gratify  his  taste 
for  splcnilour,  his  natural  disposition 
to  tolerance,  and  his  supinencss,  would 
have  led  him  to  leave  ecclesiastical 
affairs  to  take  care  of  theinjclvcs,  and, 


it  all,  t 


be  Ik 


reforiiiin"  Pope  rather  than  t^e  uuu- 
trary.  It  is  probable  therefore  that 
Uutten  was  jierfeelly  Hiueci'C  in  the 
eulogies  wliii^h  he  lavished  on  l^'o, 
and  may  have  placed  high  among  his 
youthful  dreams  the  vision  of  Europe 
regenerated  liv  that  crcut  but  not  iui< 
possible  novelty,  a  T'cfbrmiug  Pope. 
We  liftvo  seen  recent  similar  cxiiecta- 
tions  cntcilaineil  with  less  reason, 
to  bo  fbllowcil  by  still  more  sigiuil 
(]ii)ai)poinln)cul. 

It  was  only  a  lew  weeks  before  Uie 
date  of  this  dedicatory  epistle  to  Lee 
that  Luther  had  issued  his  proposi- 
tions condemning  indulgences,  which 
Icil  to  results  that  Luther  himself 
little  contcmiilatcd.  The  feurlcssucs.i 
ofHutten's  language  to  Lcn  was  the 
prochiuiation  of'  ou  lUly,  ami  Lutlicr 
iininediately  felt  and  welcomeil  it.  it 
appears  from  his  expressions  in  i'»n- 
versation,  ami  from  various  tiasfiages 
ill  his  writings,  to  have  given  fiini  new 
courage  for  his  enterprise,  and  to  have 
removed  his  last  lingering  doubts 
about  the  propriety  of  a  latieceding 
which,  though  many  uiii'bt  secretly 
approve,  few  had  the  manliness  openly 
to  applaud.  Luther  was  410  revolu- 
tionist, tliough  he  gave  bh-th  to  one 
of  tlie  most  stupendous  of  mmleni 
revolutions.     His  clukraeter,  his  whole 

of  this  stamp,  though  oDen  abounding 
in  valour,  yet  need  to  Ihi  ineilc<l  by 
Uie  example  of  raslicr  spirits.  L'lricn 
vgii  llutten  could  not  have  done 
Luther's  work,  but  Luther  was  the 
better  for  having  Ulricli  von  BuHens 


around  hiui,  to  vanquish  his  heutati 
and  sluggishness,  and  to  coll  &rth  . 
latent  lire. 

Soon  after  the  publicaticm  of  Li 
runtius  Valla's  book,  Hutten  entei 
into  (he  service  of  Albert,  Elector  a 
Archbishop  of  Ments.  Bvcn  if  < 
A  re  I1  bishop  hod  not  olready  pOMest 
Bufllcicn^  op^rtunitics  of  becomi 
Qcauaintcd  with  Ulrich's  merita,  t 
publication  alone  would  have  teco) 
mended  liim  to  his  favour.  The  ^ 
ritual  princes  of  Uermony  were 
desirous  to  seo  the  Pope's  ^n 
crushed  and  his  inlluence  diminahi 
They  tliemselves  were  the  greater  t 
more  they  kept  his  supremacy  in  chei 
But,  though  shoring  this  motive,  whi 
was  mainly  a  selfish  one,  the  Arch1 
shop  was  enlightened  and  tolenu 
and  was  favourable  to  a  reforra  in  t 
Church;  and,  as  a  patriotic  Gemu 
he  wished  his  country  to  be  M  ft 
from  foreign  interference  as  posnh 
Thepeculiar  po^tiunof  the  Arclibiabi 
must  have  filled  him  with  a  strani 
confusion  of  aiminge  and  impulie 
possessed  of  all  but  abiohil«  oiiMorii 
both  in  spiritual  and  temporal  afliui 
yet  reeogniung  a  siMritnaL  nipcrior 
the  Pojie  and  a  turn  jwral  in  the  Gmpert 
striving  to  reconcile  Uib  interests 
(lei-mony  with  those  of  that  partioul 
pnitionof  itwhichhcruledinadonli 
eaiHirily,  it  was  diDicult  to  keep  a  cle 
ghiuee,  a  wise  judgment,  a  stranij^haii 
and  an  honest  course,  in  the  midst 
so  many  coniplicatioiis.  It  was  perilo 
in  tile  extreme  for  sueh  a  one  to  ■ 
sume  the  character  of  a  Itcformer,  ui 
less  he  had  had  ^thcr  an  imperi 
genius  or  the  spirit  of  a  martyr. 

In  t'ubruai'y  irilB  Hutten  made 
jouniey  to  Paris  on  busincia  of  t1 
ArclibisIio]>'a.  Hero  he  attracted  ti 
ward  him  those  of  genial  mood  by  b 
fRinkncss,  those  of  social  mood  by  li 
varied  experience  of  life,  and  by  h 
ready  adaptability  to  all  Uiingi  and  ■ 
persons,  and  seholarB  by  his  leamil 
without  pcdautrv  in  en  ago  of  pedani 
(iuillauine  Budu,  better  known  br  b 
Latin  name  Budscus,  and  distinguiibl 
for  his  works  on  philohigy  and  kn 
dred  Hubjeets,  s))ciiks  of  him  with  war 
eomineiidation  in  a  letter  to  Era 
nius.  Ilulten's  residence  at  Pari*  wi 
very  short.  On  his  return  be  ai 
eompanied  the  Archbishop  to  Saxon 
and  was  once  more  at  Uenta  icaui  \ 
April.    Scarcely  arriTed,  ha  ■Jarii 


185L] 


Uhich  von  Sullen. 


a  Latin  epistle  of  some  length  to  Count 
Kuenar  of  Cologae,  one  of  Keucblio't) 
m09tBtrenuou3  supporters.  Thiscpistle 
is  one  of  the  greBteat  curiosities  in  his- 
tory, from  shewinK  how  little  capable 
shrewdest   and    most 


a  paltry  s( 
or  an  r^li 


contemporary  events,  and  how  falla- 
cious therefore  is  tiuizot's  asiom,  that 
human  fate  is  always  a  repetilJon  of 
itielf  with  so[ue  slight  differences. 
Hutten,  who  had  the  profbundest  con- 
tempt for  the  mendicant  friars  and  for 
monkery  in  all  its  shapes,  speaks  in  this 
epistle  of  the  e:(citement  which  the 
E^e  of  indulgences  had  caused  as  only 
y  squabble  between  rival  orders 
odious  race.  Perhaps  also  his 
aristocratic  birth  and  breeding  made 
him  feel  disdain  for  a  movement  which 
appealed  directly  to  the  people. 
The  Archbishop  went  to  uie  Diet  at 


thcr  had  his  celebrated  conferences 
with  Cardinal  Cajetan,  which  ended  so 
little  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Cardinal, 
that,  when  urged  to  renew  the  discus- 
sion, be  replied,  '■  1  shall  dispute  no 
more  with  the  animal,  for  it  has  deep- 
seeing  eyes  and  wonderful  ideas  in  its 
head.  A  matter  which  was  debated 
with  great  earnestness  at  the  Diet  was 
a  war  with  the  Turks,  whose  power 
was  daily  increasing  and  menacing  the 
safety  of  Europe.  'J'he  l*o{>e  wished, 
or  pretended  to  wish,  for  there  was 
exceeding  doubt  as  to  his  sincerity,  U> 
organize  a  league  of  Christendom  in  a 
crusade  against  the  Turks.  For  this 
purpose  he  sent  embassadors  to  the 
diflerent  Christian  princes,  and  tried 
above  all  to  gain  over  to  bis  views  the 
Bmperor  Maximilian.  He  Emperor 
professed  as  much  zeal  as  the  Pope  on 
the  subject,  and  with  perhaps  as  much 
or  as  little  sincerity.  He  hidhowe»er 
very  strong  and  special  reasons  fbr 
being  on  good  terms  with  the  Pope  at 
the  time,  for  lie  had  no  obfeot  more  at 
heart  tlinn  to  secure  the  ercotlonorhls 
grandson  Charles  as  his  successor  In 
the  empire;  and  ia  further  this  it  was 
indispensable  that  he  should  be  on  good 
terms  with  the  Pop>e.  It  is  known,  to  all 
who  are  familiar  with  the  history  of  this 
period,  that  the  dread  of  the  Turks  did 
considerably  contribnte  to  the  election 


of  Charles  the  Fifth.  If  Maximilian 
had  been  in  the  fervour  of  youth,  or  in 
the  vigour  of  manhood,  nothing  proba- 
bly wouldhavc  been  dearer  to  his  noble 
and  cbivalrous  soul  and  bis  knightly 
vnlourthan  awar  with  the  Turks;  but 
the  weight  of  three  score  years  was  <ni 


hide  him  from  the  face  of  men.  Jn  the 
breast  of  the  German  nation  the  appe* 
tite  for  the  war  nas  keen  enough,  but 
the  rulers,  either  from  jioiitical  saga- 
city or  political  indifierence,  did  not 
feel  the  dan^ertobeqiiite  so  j>ressing. 
Whateverniight  be  the  duplicity  of  the 
Pope,  the  hesitation  of  the  Emperor,  OF 
the  apathy  of  the  rulers,  there  was  one 
heart  that  the  prospect  of  a  TarkiA 
war  did  not  leave  cold — the  heart  of  cur 
brave  Ulrich.  He  had  already  pub- 
lished a  long  Latin  address  to  the 
German  princes,  urging  them  to  under- 
tnke  and  carry  on  the  war  against  the 
Turks  with  united  and  persistent 
energy.  This  addreiiB  he  issued  again 
at  the  Diet  In  an  amended  form.  It  Is 
one  of  thcmostremnrkabloofHntten'B 
works,  and  majr  he  read  now  almost 
with  as  much  mterest  as  in  Hutten's 
own  age,  distinguished  as  it  is  for  De- 
mosthenic force,  comprehensive  grasp, 
cnthu.fiastio  boldness,  patriotic  ardour, 
anil  prophetic  majesty.  Tlie  obivnlroua 
Emperor  fully  appreciated  this  cH- 
Tiilrous  production,  but  on  the  princes 
it  cither  fell  dead  or  was  regarded  bj 
them  only  with  ridicule,  pity,  or  con- 
tempt. To  the  Popish  party  it  was 
peculiarly  offensive,  from  speaking 
without  reserve  of  Popish  rapacity, 
trickery,  and  ambition,  though  Ulrich 
extols  Leo  himself  for  his  Ecal  in 
favour  of  the  war.  It  is  strange 
to  see  what  then  so  terrified  the  lift- 
lions  now  so  fallen.  With  her  hands 
Caralysed,  her  sinews  shrunken,  her 
row  no  longer  bold,  her  garniture  of 
glorious  deeds  trodden  in  the  dust, 
Turkey,  with  that  fatalism  which  was 
once  her  inspiraCioir,  but  which  la  now 
her  leprosy,  looks  forth  mournfully 
over  the  Mediterranean  sea,  or  toward 
the  frowning  Nortli,  awaiting  the  de- 
stroring,  the  avenging  wrath,  which  in 
her  hour  of  strength  she  held  on  tlia 
right  hand  and  on  the  left,  with  a  mad 
joy  and  a  fanatical  prodigality. 

FmANtis  Hakwem 


lad  I 


600 


CARLYLE'S  LIFE  OF  STERLING. 
The  Life  of  John  Sterling.     By  Thomas  Carlyle.  8vo.  Lend.  1851. 


TIIIS  beautiful  and  affecting  record 
of  a  life-long  struggle  with  physical 
and  moral  suffering  has  already  ex- 
hausted one  edition.  It  may  be  there- 
fore deemed  superfluous  in  us  to  re- 
commend a  book  which  has  clearly 
taken  root  in  the  public  mind.  There 
are,  however,  one  or  two  circumstances 
connected  with  its  immediate  reception 
which  seem  to  call  for  remai'k,  and 
we  shall  perhaps  not  undertake  "an 
opus  operatum  in  adding  one  more 
to  the  many  notices  of  "  Carlyle*s  Life 
of  Sterling." 

In  many  quarters  Mr.  Carlyle  is 
esteemed  a  prophet — a  shrewd  seer  of 
the  features  and  phenomena  of  his 
time,  and  an  ecmally  earnest  and  fear- 
less censor  of  the  "  time's  abuse."  In 
other  quarters,  where  his  prophetic 
gifts  are  denied,  he  receives  a  prophet's 
reward — obloquy  and  discredit.  His 
present  book  has  already  encountered 
more  than  one  pelting  storm,  and  the 
iEolus  or  Boreas  of  the  hour  has 
given  "the  winds"  full  licence  "to 
visit  him  roughly."  For  Mr.  Carlyle 
liimself  we  have  no  fears,  lie  will 
only  wrap  his  mantle  more  tightly 
around  him,  and  let  Eurus  and  Notus 
blow  as  they  list.  But  we  have 
some  apprehensions  lest  the  hubbub 
may  raise  dust  enou<^h  to  obscure 
momentarily  the  truthful  beauty  of 
the  volume  before  us,  or  even  to  scare 
away  from  its  pages  many  for  whose 
behoof  they  were  especially  written. 
AVe  shall  therefore  avow  at  once  that 
we  arc  at  present  unable  to  discern 
the  causes  of  so  much  sound  and  fury* 
In  this,  as  in  his  ibrmer  works,  Mr. 
Carlyle  denounces  formalism,  "  face- 
making,"  and  the  storing  of  new  wine 
in  old  bottles.  He  implores  mankind 
to  see  with  their  own  eyes;  to  dis- 
card the  "  killing  letter,"  to  obey  the 
"  ({uickening  spirit."  li*  Baal  indeed 
be  go<l,  then,  he  says,  continue  to 
serve  him  with  obsolete  formularies, 
and  with  the  holocaust  of  a  senile  in- 
tellect; but  if  Baal  be  but  an  idol, 
blocked  with  the  shreds  and  patches 
of  unreason  and  tradition,  and  bleared 
bv  the  smoke  of  ceremonial  "st^ajje- 


playing," shall  he  continue  toiuarp  the 
shrnie,  and  to  bewilder  the  gaze  of  men 
who,  if  he  were  removed,  might  wor* 
ship  in  spirit  and  in  truth?  And 
what  other  than  this  has  been  the  bur- 
den  of  all  the  genuine  pastors  imd 
prophets  of  the  world,  whether  those 
who  in  their  day  denounced  E^pt 
and  Assyria,  or  those  who  successiTely 
burst  the  bonds  and  coat  away  the 
cords  of  Paganism,  Romanism,  and 
Laudian  Churchism  ?  Many  of  Mr. 
Carlyle's  propositions  are,  we  admits 
startling  enough:  he  rather  rends 
than  litis  the  veil,  behmd  which  the 
fears,  or,  it  may  be,  the  piety  of 
past  ages  have  concealed  the  au^piat 
assessors — philosophy  and  religion. 
With  some  of  his  propositions  we  can* 
not  agree;  in  his  iconoclastic  zeal 
he  at  times  breaks  down  some  of 
the  carved  work  of  the  sanctuary  it* 
self.    Yet  in  his  internecine  duel  with 

Sretenslon  he  may  fairly  allege  with 
facbeth — 

WIio  ran  he  wi8c,  amuzcd,  tonpente  and  ftirfaras, 
Loyul  uiul  neutral,  in  a  momoit  ?    No  man ! 
The  exiiedition  of  my  violent  lore 
Outran  the  pauder  rcown. 

For  our  own  parts  we  could  wish 
Mr.  Carlyle  occasionally  more  dis* 
criminate  in  his  wrath,  more  prone  to 
admit  a  soul  of  goodness  even  in  things, 
rather  by  perversion  and  superannua- 
tion than  essentially  or  originally  eril. 
Yet  we  do  not  the  less  esteem  his  free 
and  uncom])romising  spirit — ^his  gallant 
and  often  single-handed  chammonship 
of  the  fruth  as  he  discerns  and  defines 
it,  and  we  would  mete  to  him  eren 
now  the  reverence  with  which  Wickliff 
and  Luther  or  Hampden  and  £liot 
are  greeted  by  a  distant  and  tardily 
wise  jK)stcrity.  His  **  perfcrvidum  in« 
genium  "  frenuently  sends  his  arrows 
not  merely  nome,  but  beyond  the 
mark:  his  nervous  eloquence  some- 
times displays  more  of  the  sinew  of 
the  athlete  than  of  the  roundness  of 
beauty.  Yet  we  arc  not  inclined  to 
({uarrel  with  a  ^uidc,  who  may  lead 
us  beyond  our  inn,  but  who  nerer 
fails,  whatever  (juaking  bog  or  tangled 
thickets    intervene,  to   guide  us  at 


1851.] 

Iciigili  to  ( 


Ca,-li,U'.Lif.oJSu>n.,g. 


lie  "specular  niount," 
r  breathes  freshly,  and 
whence  are  visible  the  daincs  and 
spires  of  some  celestial  city,  '-beauti- 
ful exceedingly"  in  tlie  morning  light 
of  imagination  or  philosophy. 

It  is  no  ordinary  tribute  to  the  me- 
mory of  John  Sterling,  that  bis  genius 
and  virtues  have  found  tiro  such 
cbronielers  as  Archdeacon  Hare  and 
Mr.  Carlyle.  His  life  was  uneventful. 
Ills  actions  mi^dit  be  recorded  in  a 
column  of  our  Obituarr.  It  is  even 
competent  for  any  wholcneTr  him  not, 
to  ask  why  his  lite  should  have  been 
written  F 

Beloved  and  revered  as  hejustly  was 
by  all  who  were  brought  withiiibiacirtle, 
hcwascomparativelyanobscLirc  iuliii — 
aleaderof  his  contemporaries  noillitrin 
religion,  politics  nor  literatuti',  or  if,  in 
any  degree,  a  leader,  he  waa  so  ^inoiiy- 
mously.  He  was  singularly  eloquent : 
yet  no  great  oration  bos  borne  his 
name  "  on  winged  words "  to  the 
general  ear;  he  woa  a  ready  and  im- 
pressive writer,  yet  his  few  and  oc- 
casional works  can  hardly  be  eai<l  to 
have  survived  him,  even  if  tlioy  lived 
at  all.  Neither  was  he  one  of  those 
men  who,  (lying  on  the  thtcshold  of 
manhood,  are  remembered  for  tUeir 
promise  of  excellence,  and  upon  whose 
names  disappointment  and  regret  atrew 
unavailingty  amaranthine  flowers.  For 
Sterling  had  passed  his  "inezzu  cam- 
mino;"  mature  manhood,  albeit  with 
sickness  compassed  round,  was  ac- 
corded  to  him ;  he  bad  put  all  bis 
energies  into  literature  without  signal 
success;  and  the  distinctions  W  mi^lit 
liiive  won  in  other  arenas  wtru  iiii'i^cJ 
in  the  bud  by  tbe  weaknc^-^  ol  his 
bodily  frame.  His  biogrniiliev  b^ 
accorfingly  been  enforced  to  iio.il  with 
tbe  possibilities  of  a  life  only ;  imd  na 
the  world  is  for  the  moat  part  iiiere- 
duloua  of  eminence  merely  potential, 
llr.  Carlyle's  labour  of  love  lies  under 
a   consequent   prelimiokry   disadvan- 

Yct  we  are  by  no  means  disclosed 
to  say  with  some  of  our  contempo- 
raries  that  there  was  no  neeil  fur  such 
a  work  as  a  Life  of  Sterling'.  It  Is 
good  to  know  as  intimately  iis  we  can 
tbe  great  men  who  have  betii  imiong 
us.  It  ia  good  also  eome^mes  to  be 
aci|iialotcd  with  the  men  who  do  not 
achiuvu  grcatuesBibut  who  b&vu  ntrivun 

Gent.  Mao.  Voi,.  XXXVI. 


tiOl 

honestly,  alllioiigb  inullijctually,  to 
hand  down  their  names  as  possessions 
for  ever.  Nor  is  it  uninstructive  to 
mark  how  such  minda  enkindle  in  their 
contemiioraries  new  or  latent  sparks  of 
"  snered  fire,"  and  feed,  if  they  cannot 
singly  sustain,  tbe  authentic  beacons 
of  their  time.  In  the  work  before  as  it 
is  palpable  that,  if  Mr.  Carlvle's  more 
viaoniua  intellect  operated  power- 
fully upon  Sterling,  the  latter,  in  no 
common  degree,  reacted  upon  Mr. 
Carlyle.  Tbe  life  of  the  one  is  truly 
part  of  the  intellectu.il  history  of  the 
other,  and  the  influence  exerted  by 
the  less  robust  upon  the  stronger  mind 
may  serve  as  a  gnugc  to  alorling's 
general  power  over  more  compliant 
or  leas  Belf-coiitred  intellects.  This 
common  reaction  would  alonu  render 
the  volume  now  under  notice  a  psy- 
chological study  of  no  ordinary  worth. 


biography  of  Sterling.     He 


"  Visible  to  myieir,  for  some  while, 
Kos  a  brilliant  humnn  presence,  liUtiii- 
guinhablc,  hoiioursbte,  and  lovable  amid 
Ihe  dim  cDaimon  populations:  amung  tho 
million  littlo  beantirul,  once  more  a  bera-  ' 
tiful  humsn  Boul:  wbom  I,  among  ollutrs,  ' 
recognised  and  lovingly  wKlked  witli,  whil6 
tbe  jMrs  and  honra  were.  Sitting  now 
by  his  tomb  in  IhDugbtfnl  mood,  the  new 
tioiei  bring  a  new  dnty  for  me.  'Why 
write  the  Ijfe  of  Sterling  '.  '  I  imagme  I 
had  a  commisiion  higher  than  the  world's, 
t)ie  dictate  of  nalore  iicrsclf,  Co  du  what 

There  were  many  causes  why  Arch- 
deacon Hare  could  not  write  a  satis- 
factory memoir  of  Sterling,     Dut  ona.  ■ 
alone,  even  aa  an  Aaronic  serpent, 
swallowed  up  all   lesser  disqualifies  ' 
tions.     Liberal  and   learned   church-   ' 
man  as  he  is,  there  was  much  in  Ster- 
ling's religious  opinions  which  he 
etUcr  bring  to  light  and  condemn,  at  ' 
leave  unrecorded  and  produce  an  im- 
perfect portraiture.    Mr.  Carlyle  thus  i 
describes  the  short 'Comings  of  the  A 
Arclidencou's   book,   "  mort  swo,"  wft  | 
su[ipose,   through   the  medium  of  ail>| 
imaginary  momtor,  although  not  hera  | 
entitled  Sauerteig  or  Teulelsdriickh : 

"  Tha  sin  of  Hare's  Book  is  eaiily  de< 
fined,  and  not  vsry  oondemnablo,  but  |t  I 
4H  ' 


602 


Carlyles  Life  of  Sterling. 


[Dec. 


is  nevertheless  ruinous  to  his  task  as  a 
biographer.  He  takes  up  Sterling  as  a 
clergyman  merely.  Sterling,  I  find,  was 
a  enrate  for  exactly  eight  months  ;  during 
eight  months  and  no  more  had  he  any 
special  relation  to  the  Church.  But  he 
was  a  man,  and  had  relations  to  the  uni* 
verse,  for  eight  and  thirty  years  ;  and  it 
is  in  this  latter  character,  to  which  all 
the  others  were  but  features  and  transi- 
tory hues,  that  we  wish  to  know  him. 
His  battle  with  hereditary  Church-for- 
mulas was  severe ;  but  it  was  by  no  means 
his  one  battle  with  things  inherited,  nor 
indeed  his  chief  battle ;  neither,  accord- 
ing to  my  observation  of  what  it  was,  is 
it  successfully  delineated  or  summed  up 
in  this  book.  The  truth  is,  nobody  that 
had  known  Sterling  would  recognise  a 
feature  of  him  here  ;  you  would  never 
dream  that  this  Book  treated  of  him  at 
nil.  A  pale  sickly  shadow  m  torn  sur- 
plice is  presented  to  us  here;  weltering 
bewildered  amid  heaps  of  what  you  call 
*  Hebrew  Old  Clothes ;  '  wrestling  with 
impotent  imjietuosity,  to  free  itself  from 
the  baleful  imbroglio,  as  if  that  had  been 
its  one  function  in  life :  who  in  this 
miserable  figure  would  recognize  the  bril- 
limt,  beautiful,  and  cheerful  John  Sterling, 
with  his  ever-flowing  wealth  of  ideas, 
fancies,  imaginations ;  with  his  frank  af- 
fections, inexhaustible  hopes,  audacities, 
activities,  and  general  radiant  vivacity  of 
heart  and  intelligence,  which  made  the 
presence  of  him  an  illumination  and 
inspiration  wherever  he  went  ?'* 

The  Archdeacon's  difilcultics  were 
indeed  insuperable.  Mr.  Carlyle*s 
impediments — for  impediments  lliere 
still  are — were  of  another  kind,  lie 
lias  spoken,  in  former  works,  so  un- 
reservedly upon  themes  of  highest 
moment  and  nicvitable  (liversity,  that 
for  him  there  was  no  need  for  re- 
ticence ;  yet,  in  drawing  up  a  plain- 
spoken  record,  there  was  the  ever-re- 
curring hazard  of  inflicting  pain  upon 
the  surviving  relatives  and  friends  of 
the  doceAsed  who  had  either  partici- 
pated in  his  sorrows  or  did  not  share 
n\  his  theological  opinions.  We  in- 
cline to  think  that  Mr.  Carlyle  would 
have  done  better  here  and  there  to 
suppress  a  letter  or  an  anecdote,  nor 
would  he  have  thereby  marred  the 
integrity  of  his  book.  On  the  whole, 
however,  he  has  trodden  over  the  con- 
cealed cni])ers  in  his  path  both  tenderly 
and  firmly :  nor  can  we  at  all  concur 
in  tlie  grave  remonstrances  on  this 
score  which  from  certain  quarters  have 
been   addressed  to  bim.     The  world, 


indeed,  who  knew  not  Sterling  jomj 
feel  some  surprise  that  so  much  his 
been  written  by  Mr.  Carljle  aboat 
one  who  to  an  uninterested  or  vw^^ 
ficial  observer  may  appear  deficietit 
in  volition,  or  incapable  of  ptitting 
his  own  fervid  impulses  into  act. 
Such  an  observer  wiU  make  the  mofll 
of  Mr.  Corlyle^s  own  complaint  that 
Sterling  would  never  give  his  n^nd 
fair  play  by  repose,  or  at  least  (M^* 
casional  pauses  from  haste:  that  no 
sooner  had  he  hurried  through  one 
circle  of  opinion  than  be  plunged  into 
another,  often  an  opposite  one;  and 
that. from  these  i>crpetual  gyrfltiona  hi 
the  realm  of  thought  be  brought  aWa^ 
so  little  that  was  either  permanedtfy 
consoling  to  himself,  or  corroborative 
and  cheering  to  bis  companions  111 
speculation. 

For  these  and,  it  may  be,  for  othtf 
causes  we  are  not  surpris^  that  the 
author^s  own  question,  "Why  write 
the  Life  of  Sterling?**  should  be 
asked ;  but  there  is  another  and  more 
general  as|>ect  whence  the  life  beAife 
us  mav  be  viewed,  which,  if  we  ett 
not,  wdl  compensate  to  thtf  thonghtflil 
rea<ler  for  the  preliminary  defecte 
of  the  subject.  On  the  energeUc  and 
susceptible  mind  of  Sterling  were 
reflected,  as  in  u  mirror,  the  experi- 
ences and  the  opinions  of  the  afle  ill 
which  he  lived.  The  very  speed  atid 
number  of  his  intellectual  triab  rendeiF 
his  life  an  interesting  and  instructive 
record.  Most  persons  who  have  anr 
philosophy  in  tncm  systematise  thefr 
opinions  cnrly,  and  thencefbrward 
march  steadihr  under  some^  ethical 
or  theological  standard,  with  hiW 
or  with  many  companions,  some* 
whither.  It  was  not  so  with  Sterling. 
Many  a  banner  bo  deserted :  manj  a 
banner  he  joined  also,  which  he  had 
once  fioiite(l  with  scorn :  at  one  tiine 
the  truth  lav  with  James  Mill,  and 
the  greatest  happiness  of  the  greatwt 
number :  at  another  with  Coleri^gtf 
and  transcendentalism :  at  anottM 
with  Ooethc  and  supreme  art  If  or 
was  he  a  light  or  careless  wooer  of 
any  of  these  discrcimnt  systems.  Hay* 
he  was  always  "terriblv  in  eamett," 
for  the  nonce ;  and  fought  for  them  dl 
in  turn — single-handed  if  none  were  on 
bis  side,  but  more  gladly  as  a  leader  of 
allies.  Strange  and  even  bewiUering 
was  it  to  meet  Sterling  after  iome  liM 


Carlt/l»'$  Life  of  SUrlmg. 


monthB'  BeparatioQ  from  him,  cominKi 
as  perchance  jaa  might,  charged  with 
new  corroboratiTes  or  paiiialivci  of 
your  com  nioQ  theorSea.  Fm' not  merely 
had  your  former  philosophic  or  critical 
(IwcUing  been  dwapt  and  garDished  for 
new  occupantBt  but  often  utterly  de- 
molished, aodita  rubbi»h  whirled  awa^ 
into  some  trocklew  limbo.  Indeed,  \t 
vou  would  at  all  keep  pace  with  LIm 
In  apeGulation,  moit  needful  were  ihoee 
ofBwiftnais-  Hence  his  biography  ia 
raally  a  transcript  of  many  lives  welded 
together,  as  it  were,  by  some  fervid  ele- 
mentof  cohesion, proper  to  the  man, but 
not  always  clearly  diacemible  by  others. 
The  period  at  which  Sterling  paued 
from  boyhood  into  the  manhood  of 
collegiate  life  was,  both  as  regarded 
himself  and  others,  on  many  accounts 
importanL  In  1824,  whea  ha  an- 
terad  Trinity  College,  the  star  of 
ByrOD  was  on  tba  wane  ;  the  great 
northern  archimago  hod  nearly  ex> 
bausted  bis  powers.  The  announoe- 
mentof  new  works  bv  Bouthey,  Moore, 
or  Campbell,  scarcely  excited  a  pass- 
ing inquiry.  The  evangelical  clerDj 
were  almost  lords  paramount  of  tAe 
Church ;  while  in  the  Btate  it  seemed 
hopeless  to  diijolacc  the  Tories  or 
reseat  the  Whiga.  In  politics,  reli- 
gion, and  literature,  however,  a  great 
change  was  at  hand.  It  began  with 
literature.  The  poetic  meteor  Shelley 
bod  shot  up  athwart  the  envious  clou<u 
which  overshadowed  its  first  rising : 
the  Quarterly  R«view  could  no  longer 
keep  down  the  authentic  brilliance  of 
Keata  :  the  Anti- Jacobin  and  Rejected 
Addresses  were  no  longer  impanelled 
against  Coleridge  and  Wonuworth; 
but  the  "old  man  eloquent"  preached 
and  prophesied  to  wondering  audiences 
at  Highgate,  and  the  ba^  of  lake* 
aud  uiDuntains  had  beoome  a  fixed 
light  in  the  poetic  firmament.  In  legls- 
lation  Betitham  and  the  Iron  band  of 
Westminster- He  view  utilitarions  had 
turned  the  fiaiiks  of  Blaekilone  and 
De  Lolme  :  and  even  on  the  Church 
horizon  a  still  smoU  voice  was  be- 
ginning to  be  audible,  that  boded  no 
food  to  the  teaching  of  Simeon  and 
Vilberforce.  It  ii  needlesi  to  add 
that  in  less  than  four  years  from  this 
tJmo  down  went  the  Tory  entrench- 
ments, and  that  the  ministry  of  Can- 
ning planted  the  ladders  for  the  grand 
escuade  of  the  Beform  Bill. 


Here  then  was  a  need  time  of  both 
thought  and  action;  and  in  Sterling's 
mind  the  seed  lighted  upon  prepared 
and  capable  ground.  Pleasant  it  was 
to  witness,  althonHl"  "O"'  deeply  aad- 
■Icning  to  recnl,  the  promise  which  iu 
those  days  beamed  forth  in  his  words, 
and  oven  in  his  free  and  expresuve 
gesture.  Very  evident  it  was  to  all 
who  hod  the  wit  to  mark,  that  Trinity 
College  had  entered  upon  its  boards  a 
man  who  would  not  writu  his  name 
upon  the  roll  of  honours,  but  who  yet 

snlutavy  InDucnea  upon  ita  younger 
members.  To  Sterling  Mr.  Uarejusily 
refuses  the  character  of  an  exact  scho- 
lar or  leohnioal  proficient  at  any  time 
in  either  of  the  ancient  literatures. 
"  One  cannot,"  says  Mr.  Carlyle, 
"  under  nny  circumstuiiees  eonccive  of 
Sterling  as  a  steady  dictionary  philo- 
togue,  historian,  or  arehaiologist ;  nor 
did  he  here,  nor  could  he  well,  attempt 
that  course."  So  far  from  it,  he  mc- 
ditateil  nn  cseav  or  book  "  De  nimia 
gloria  veterum,'  and  would  indignantly 
roll  Ibrlh,  in  deep  buse  monotone,  long 
periods  of  Milton  or  Jeremy  Taylor, 
if  any  "fontor  voterum"  drew  upon 
his  admiration  for  Sopboeleau  ehorus 
or  DeinoEtbenean  periods.  There  was 
some  jierverseneas  in  this,  as  Ster- 
ling Inmsulf,  at  a  later  day,  was  ready 
to  acknowledge ;  and  although  ha 
never  attalueilto  skill  in  iambics  or 
ftccenlit,  ho  freely  rend  In  Greek  and 
Lalin,  as  in  various  modern  languages: 
"  and,"  says  his  last  biographer, "  in  all 
lields,  iu  classical  as  well,  his  lively 
fuGulty  of  recognition  and  aasiuulation 
iiud  given  him  large  booty  in  propor- 
tion to  his  lalmur."  It  was  not  how- 
over  in  tliu  Iccture-rooin,  or  in  the 
pcrioilicnl  eollege-examtnab'ons,  that 
Ktcrling  cared  to  distiuguish  himself. 
Tt  was  onough  for  him  to  pass  without 
discredit,  tie  reserved  liia  cncrmoi 
for  less  rceognised  ficliis  of  action. 
Much  to  the  diiliste  of  the  authorities 
there  llourished  in  those  ilnys,  nnd  still 
uxisti,  a  debating  society  at  Cambridge 
entitled  the  Union.  It  had  been  long 
discouraged  :  it  had  been  oncu  sup- 
pressed :  but  it  was  suTered  lo  revive 
on  condiuon  that  neither  religion 
nor  contemporary  politics  sbould  be 
discussed  within  its  walls.  TIte  Union 
Club  was  moulded,  ns  to  Its  forma, 
upon  UiQ  Hoiue  of  Commons,  and  was 


Carlylea  Ltfe  nf  SUrlinfi. 


[D, 


indeed  no  inconipctcnt  representative  of     tlint  was  in  him,  brusliins  bvkjt  i 
the  whole,  the  mure  civilized  of  lliv     Kuini)tion3of  knovrlmlge.     Here  an 


thutau^tbo<)v.    Tlicuienibcrsoftbc     rhctoricnl  besom  ancesti 
Ciuiiljnd{!:e  pai'liaincnt 


prejudi 
aed   indolent  | 


Tlicy  were  not  allowed  to  wear  Hiiniliir  xeenca  Iny  John  Sterling*!) 

liats  dnring  debate,  and  to  recline  at  voculion.      He    was    emphaticoU; 

JiiU-lensth  upon  the  benches  was  ac-  preacher,  not  to  church  pews,  bul 

counted  rather  a  proof  of  fulness  of  popular  assemblies.    Had  health  I 

bread  than  of  corporate  or  self-respect,  vouchsafed  him,  the  athlete  of  Ci 


Iienrs,"  and  groaninga  of  (be  t 


assembly,  t 


the  IIousc  of  Commons.     Cortez,  i 


<   not   unworthy   of  its     said,  used  to  match  some  stahrart  A: 


prototype.  Tlie  Union  was  recruited 
from  nearly  the  same  ranks  as  the 
Tlotue  of  Commons.  In  the  latter 
mustci'cd  the  territorial  aristocracy,  in 
the  former  their  eons  and  nephews  ' 
"        msofthe 


large  numbers.     The  sc 


.  Spanish  swordsmci 
9.  OncupandoDedowii,J 
Sterling  would  have  mated  any  I 
dozen  parlianicnt^irj  orators,  even  '. 

the  cry  of  "  A  Stanley  ti     ' 


clergy     been  raised  in  the  melee.    Words  n< 


also  fumislied  no  email  fraction  of  the  failed  him — words  rolled  into  comp 

"  Cambridge  House."    "All  these  and  clenching  sentences ;  illustratiouiw 

more  came  flocking."  At  the  upper  end  never   wanting — illustrations    fttc 

of  a  long  and  rather  dim  room  sat  the  from  the  east  and  the  west,  the  "sp 

prime  debaters  and  leaders  of  opinion  opima"  of  his  opulent  memory   i 

—young  men  of  ardent  inquiring  na-  omnivorous  reading.     Wit  he  had 

tures,    and    mostly    radicnlB   in    lite-  command, keen,  trenchant, point-bin 

raturc  and  politics.     Much  of  the  best  of  cordial  humour  but  little:  but 

blood  of  England,  if  we  look  to   ex-  its  stead  he  possessed  a  power  of  ] 

tant   books  and  epeecheu,  not  to  he-  rodyiog  an  opponent's  irffuments  ■ 

raids' books  and  blazonry,  was  seated  measure  surpassed   only  Dy  Caan 

at  the  upper  end  of  that  dim  mom.  himself 

Life  and  fortune  have  not  indeed  bit-  .,  r„          ,        „           ^^^    (,«! 

leted  many  of  them  in  the   quarters  "where  eloquence  and  arnmentwai 

which  they  were  then  looking  to  oc-  point,  ibii   man  wu  calcaUted   to  k 

cupy.     Death  has  mown  down  some  borne  the  bell  from  all  bis  competlti 

f  the  best  and  bravest — perhaps  tbe  In  lucid  ingenians  talk  and  lope.  In 


the 


1  leader  of  them  all,  Charles 


■t  of  brilliant 


iJuller— yet  many  still  bold  the  "front     fence.  '  bave  hirdly  known  bit  hU 
rank  in  litcratui'c,  and  pulpits  and  pro-     °?  '^''J'  '"J  *'!»  »tofe  of " 


knowledge  n. 

mill,  Ku  perfect  was  his  radj  nttenno 
tbe  Batne,^n  coruicstlng  «it,  in  joei 
drollery,  in  compact  articnlatnj  clean 
or  high  poignant  emphaiii,  m  tbe  < 
rcijuired — he  was  a  match  for  any  mat 
It  before  '     " 


fessors'  chairs  are  filled  by  discijiles  of 
tlic  Cambridge  Union.  Conspicuous 
among  them  was  tlic  tall  spare  form  of 
John  Sterling.  Tn  some  negligent 
posture,  pale,  earnest,  and  eiiger-eyed, 
with  head  slightly  thrown  back,  and 
ironical  smile  upon  Ins  lips,  he  sat 
while  silent.  Clearly  n  ready  anta- 
gonist sat  there,  whclhur  for  assault 
or  rejoinder ;  and  when  he  rose  to 
speak  he  evidently  girt  himself  up  for 
earnest  work,  lie  did  not  hold  his 
Bword  like  a  dancer.  It  was  with  him 
serious,  not  mimetic,  business.  Error 
was  germinating  in  many  minds  there, 
idols  of  school  and  home.     He  was  on 

his  throne  or  pulpit,  a  king  and  prophet  _ 

to  his  contemporaries.  With  voice  Sterling  "presently  cost  himself  m 
iiionutonous  indeed,  but  of  ample  vo-  the  waves  of  litenitui-e.  To  tench 
linno,  with  vehement  and  sweeping  some  way  or  otiicr  was  his  vocatii 
pi-xtures,  he  ]H>uii>d  forth  the  thought     Tlic  lrum|iet  was  evermora  •nandi 


parrying  all  r        _. 

swift  aa  light,  and  plant  his  hits  wher« 
a  chance  offered.  In  parliiment,  and 
soul  put  into  a  body  of  the  dne  tonghi 
might  have  carried  it  far." 

Withdrawn  from  Cambridge  bj 
health,  and  admonished  to  rest  hu  p 
turbed  spirit  in  the  qnietade  of  boi 


1851.] 


Cwtylei  Life  of  Sterling. 


in  his  eara :  and  neither  (^Mulapiiin 
orndeg  nor  parental  inj  unctions  uvuled 
to  render  him  obedient  to  laws  which. 
the  lli^ah  requiroil  but  the  spirit  ri:- 
jectod.  Wrong,  practical  and  doctri- 
nal, walked  the  ewth,  caiue  0¥or  hia 
threshold,  met  him  in  the  streets, 
vexed  him  in  the  journalistic  press.  It 
WAS  not  to  be  endured.  Tlic  night  was 
comini^  when  no  man  can  work — while 
it  was  yet  day,  Sterlingwould  be  truth's 
soldier,  even  though  he  led  the  forlorn 
hope.  Interdicted  from  speaking,  he 
could  write.  In  conjunction  with  his 
distinguiihed  friend,  the  present  Fro- 
fesBor  Maurice,  he  purchased  the  copy- 
right of  the  Athens um.  And  now  it 
was  really  marvellous  to  see  the  pnnc< 
tuolity  and  promptitude  with  which, 
as  joint  editor,  and,  fur  a  time,  princi- 
pal contributor,  Sterling  auswered  the 
demands  of  "copy."  He  was  none  of 
those  slaves  of  the  lamp  who  lay  word 
to  word  and  sentence  to  sentence.  He 
was  rather,  in  Dr.  Donne's  phrase 
slightly  modified,uyiisifr  writer,  pour- 
ing lus  thought  into  a  mould  and  cast- 
ing his  work  at  once.  Often  too  in 
his  study  at  Kiiigbtabridge,  AtbemDum 
articles  were  struck  off  amid  disturbing 
chaoa  of  conversation  and  debate.  On 
one  side  of  him  would  be  going  forward 
a  dissection  of  Sir  Bui  wer  Lytton's  last 
novel,  on  the  other  a  discussion  of  Ca- 
tholic claims,  and  the  pen  of  the  ready 
writer  was  often  laid  down,  even  in  the 
momont  of  parturition,  and  its  holder 
would  rush  into  the  thick  of  the  fray. 
And  jet  the  article  in  type  exhibited 
few  or  no  symploma  of  these  uuseasou- 
able  forays  upon  his  working  hours. 
Tokens  of  unsteadiness  indeed  his 
essays  often  betrayed ;  but  it  was  not 
the  unsteadiness  of  diverted  attention 
so  much  as  that  of  a  mind  not  at  unity 
with  itself.  So  far  indeed  ns  Sterling 
himself  was  concerned,  the  tale  or  the 
criticism  in  baud  would  not  have  been 
better  had  it  been  indited  amid  the 
silence  of  Salisbury-plain  or  of  a  Qua- 
kers' meeting.  At  such_  moments  he 
seemed  to  bo  fiimishedwithadoublcMt 
of  mental  organs;  one  set  auidedhis 
pen,  and  the  other  prompted  his  speech, 
and  each  discbarged  itd  several  func- 
tions without  encrnaehment  and  with- 
outdisorder.  Crich Ion  fenced  with  two 
swords  at  once.  With  erinal  adroit- 
ness, Sterling  wielded  his  double  foil, 
scriptumlaniJonil,  niuch  to  tltuninawt- 


ment  of  the  many  who  can  do  only  oi 
thing  at  a  time,  and  not  always  oi 


"  Sooie  of  his  best  papers  have 
pnblisbed    by    Archdeacon    Hare :    flttt  ] 
fruits  \rj  a  young  mtin  of  twenty-two  [■  ' 
crade,  imperfect,  yet  singularly  beauliftil    J 
and  attrsctire:    whicli   will   still  testiff  J 
whit  liigU  literary  pruoiise  Uy  in  himv-if 
The  ruddiest  glow  of  young  enlhuaii 
of   noble    incipieDt    spiritual    muihei^.l 
reigna  over  tbem ;    once   more  a  divine    ] 
uuiveiEB   unveiliog   itself    ia    gloom   and 
splendour,  in  aurarsl  lire-Iigbt  and  luany- 
Unted  shadow,  Aill  of  hope  and  full  of 
Bwe,  to  a  young  melodious  pioDS  beart 
jost  arrived  upon  It.     Oiten  enough  the 
delineatian  bas  anerlainfliiningconipletc- 
nets,  not  to  be  eipected  from  so  yoaag 
an   srtist ;    here  and  there  ii  a  decided 
felicity  of  insight ;  every  wheru  the  point    , 
of  view  adopted  is  a  bigb  and  uobla  D 
and  the  result  worked  out  a  result  to 
lympitbised  with,  and  accepted  so  fai   ._ 
it  icdigo.  Good  reading  still,  those  papen, .  J 
for  the  less   faraisbed  miud, — thrice  ex-  1 
cellent  readiog  compared  with  what  ]•  I 
usually   going.     For  the  rest,   a  grandJ 
meloDcboly  is  the  prevailing  impressiotf  J 
they  leave ;  partly  as  if.  while  the  sariaa*4 
Has  so  blooming  sad  opulent,  the  heait  I 
of  Uiem  was  atill  vacant,  sad  and  cold;  f 
Here  is  a  beautiful   mirage  in  the   drf .] 
wiLderaess;  hut  you  eaunat  quencb  yoiw  J 
thirst  there  1    Tlic  writer's  heart  is  iiideetl  J 
'pt  of  beauttfnl  s 


d0»! 


Old  reflei 
a  far  from  jofful.   Iboog 


i    and 


nile." 


We  have  dwelt  the  longer  upon  T^ea 
collie  and  Athenmum  days  becdiua  3 
neither  of  his  biographers  appear  M'^ 
have  attached  sufficient  imporlauuii  tO<a 
them  ns  phases  of  Sterling's  choracten  ^ 
Ue  probably  parted  with  the  journal  ' 
from  prudential  motives.  Rut  then  , 
wore  not  the  only  causes  of  seMTBr 
tion.  The  AthenKum  as  well  as  Cam- 
bridge bad  disappointed  him.  Liters*  1 
rature  and  cluciucocu  were  not  at  thlf  1 
period  solf-sufQcing.  Ho  yearned  for  I 
practical  life.  He  took  up  the  canu  j 
of  Torrijos  and  the  Spanish  rcfiigocfr—  1 
of  whom  and  of  whose  appearance  ia  ' 
1829  Mr.  Curlyle  has  drawn  a  skeU^ 
of  Dantescnn  lire  and  glooui.  Hk'  j 
married  and  assumed  family  reapoaV  J 
sitiilities.  In  on  evil  hour  he  aoof^lj 
refuge  from  his  obstinate  qucsyow*'! 
inga  ia  tbu  Churoh.    Very  IxtoutilbBy^fl 


Cartyh'f  lAJi,  of  Sterling.  [E 

sltbough  moBt  (livenely,  have  both  dictf  Mr.  Culjle  lumertr  api 
his  biographera  delineated  Sterling'^  to  ua  to  demand  iinpr~~'~'''' — 
eight   inonlha'    labours   as   a    Tillwe     Coleridge.     He  blamea  b 


his  biographera  delineated  Sterling's-     to    ua  to  demand  impMnbiliti 

"  '■      lonlha'    labours   as   a    Tillwe     Coleridge.     He  blamea  bia,  if  we 
We  incline  to  think  that  Mr.     dcrstanu  rightl;,   for  VBgueoea*, 


Carljlc  hiu  ascribed  his  nbuiulonincnl  witdcrnicnt,  and   indeciaion. 

ofclorical  duties  to  tUu  right  cause —  quii'ca  Mio,  iu  short,   to  ccoaa  u 

mental  dLwulisTuction  rather  tliaa  bo'  himself:  and  in  senescence  to  cm 

diljr  disease.     Sterling  Lad,  in  fact,  a  slough  and  to  become  prompt,  dofi 

labyrinth  of  doubt  to  thread  hcfuru  he  atid  articular.     What  would  Mr. 

i  could    attain    spiritual    repose,     lie  Ijle  himsBll'  say,  if  ha  weia  ludd 

t  reached  a  haven  at  lost,  but  it  was  called  upon  to  write  like  PaUj  or 

!  neither  through  the  Church  nor  in  it.  dison,  lo  condamn  neither  elaaa 

,  Hia  "  via  prima   salutis"   Ciime  froui  institution,  to  regard  thi*  at  the 

j,  quite  an  opposite  rjuartcr  of  (lie  hori'  of  all  posaihlo  world*,  or  to  indi 

son:  from  ncomprchuusive philosophy  yancgyrio   upon   Convocation   or 

founded  upon  religion,  not  from  creeds  Court  of  Aruuca  'f    Yet  hii  ccnau 

or  articles  depk^iiling  upon  tradition.  Coleridge  in  imito  as  inapplicKbl 

l!,    j:  Creeds  and  nrljcles  arc  indeed  no  sidvcs  the  idea  of  suci)  a  transmutatioD. 

I|'    '|!  for  a  broken   and   a   fevered   spirit:         That  we  may  not  «ccm  to  do  ii 

''      '  excellent  as    crulchcs,  thcj  arc   im-  tico  cither  lo  Coleridse  or  Ur, 

potent  as  nicdiciiius.    Kvcn  Coleridge  lyle,  we  subjoin  the  following  ext 

I  and  his  philosophy  proved  but  brok^  trom  his  singularlv  graphic  accoui 

'■  reeds.     I'oa  man  with  his  lifc-voca-  of  the  great  monolo^st. 

tion  yet  to  seek,  it  was  idle  to  preach         ..  To  alt  u  >  i»k1tb  bnckrt  u 

the  distinctions  of  object  and  auhjuct,  pumped    into,  vhctbsr  yoa  couet 

of  reason  and  understand ing.     "  I  am  not,  can  in  tba  long-nm  be  Bihilar 

',  excellent  well,"  says  Ilnmlut;  "  I  eat  to  no  cro»tur«  ;  how  eloqwot  toerei 


T,  prouilse-t 


'  You  could     flood  of  utterance    that  ii   imcauc 


not   feed   StRTling   so;    neither   with  Hut  if  it  be  withal  »  o»fiii«l  niiiiitel 

iouffich   of  " greatest  hannincsii"  nor  hie  flood  of  utt*ranee,  Ibreataning  to 

withu/iflgofEnglishtheoWyllavourcd  merge  oil  kaown  Iwnl-marki  of  thoi 

with  Herman  "auce.     The  "Aids  to  ""'l  >lrown  the  world  u.d  joni     I 

Keflection,"  and  James  ftliU'H  Essays,  ''™"*  t."l'n''f  ,'?"■.  "'»»•  *«"'»"" 

,  i  ,,  ,-  c~l''  '  energy,  two  stricken  houri,  bii  hcc 

no  longer  brought  h.m  any  comfort.  ai.„f';„d  moist,  .ad    commnnteab 

While,    however,    wo    odm.t    that  meaning   wh«te«r  to  inv  indlrfdm 

Coleridge,  with  his  everlasting  gyra-  hiiihearera.cert.iiiofwhom,— Ifcroi 

tions  of  talk,  was  no  priest  or  prophet  itill  kept  eagerly  lidesing  in  bona  : 

for  Sterling,  we  must  nrotcst  against  moat  had  long  befors  given  ap,  and  foi 

some  rough  usnge  which  the  Higligatc  (if  the  roora  were  lane  enough}  seooB 

Eliilosopher  receives  at  Air,  Carlylc's  humming  Kroupta  of  thdr  own.    H< 

amis.     To  many  youthful  and  truth-  B""  ""?  "!'«"  ■  J""  pat  aome  qoeaUc 

seeking  minda  Coleridge  faithfully  and  Imn,  made  aome  suggwUTe  ob»«r»al 

elfeetually  administered,  in  their  day  '"f  F"''  "'  """""'"B  '*"».  Jf  declc 

of  trial,  hope,  and  consolation.    That  '^"'"^  «"'  '7™  J?*""  ■»  '»•  >«  " 

t     i- -I    1    .      1  ■     .  aecuinuljife  formidable  apnsntu,  la 

ha  failed  to  do  SO  in  some  mstauci*  .„i„.(,udders,    tmaacen^lal    lift 

was  IcM  the  fault   of  his  philosophy,  ,^„^„^  „„ j  o,^^  preoiutlouMy  and  1 

than    of    tho  particular    crisis  of   the  culatory  gear,  for  iBtUng  out  |    per 

patient's  mind.     Sterling  and  otliers  did  atlait  grt  undorway,— bntwao* 

pined  for  swift  deciiiion  and  clear  iu-  aoliclted,  turned  aaide,  by  tho  (law 

dications  of  some  central  tiath.     Cole-  aome  radiant  new  game  on  tbU  hai 

ridge   sat   cuitoniarily    cloud- raising,  tliat,  into  new  courses;   and  snr 

but  not,  like  tho  Hellenic  Zeus,  cloud-  "«"!  ""d  hefora  long  into  all  the 

controlling.     lie  wos  for  ever  calling  verse,  wbero  it  w«  oocertjiii  whrt| 

ipirita  from   the   vasty  deep,  but   he  ><"■  "?';••'  =?"=**•  "';  •bether  ■■*. 

c^uld  not  say  t<.  a  spif  it  nlrnady  pur-  S"  T  ?,f  ""'"'*  k     *'*',  "T^  ' 

turbcd,"l'eJce,besiirinf.nitSwero  fr±„'''V\r;^<rd    ■  ^'^.; 

Coleri,|ge  a  gifts  of  suMOstioii  and  il-  ^,  preflgarement  of  tmth  :  and  nt  a 

lustration;   but  from  his   wriUngHor  deln.ion  withd.     PreHgartmat  tiw 

monnlogucB  what  thinking  man  ever  in  spite  of  beaver  adaacM  and  tmp« 

attained  a  compact  and  tangible  ver*  spiritual  hebetude  and  eed^i  maa 


1851.] 


Carlyles  Life  of  Sterling. 


607 


his  universe  were  eternally  diTine  ;  and 
that  no  past  nobleness  or  revelation  of  the 
divine  could  or  would  ever  be  lost  to  him. 
Most  true,  surely,  and  worthy  of  all 
acce])titiou. 

"  To  the  man  himselfuature  had  given, 
in  high  measure,  the  seeds  of  a  noble 
endowment,  and  to  unfold  it  had  been 
forbidden  him.  A  subtle  lynx-eyed  intel- 
lect, tremulous  pious  sensibility  to  all 
good  and  all  beautiful ;  truly  a  ray  of 
empyrean  light  ; — but  imbedded  in  such 
weak  laxity  of  character,  in  such  indo- 
lences and  esuriences,  as  had  made  strange 
work  with  him.  Once  more  the  tragic 
story  of  a  high  endowment  with  an  insuf- 
ficent  will." 

Our  limits  compel  us  now  to  pass 
over  many  of  the  intervening  inci- 
dents of  Sterling's  career.  The  nar- 
rative portions  of  the  biography  are, 
however,  so  interesting  and  beautiful 
that  the  reader  will  need  no  invitation 
to  turn  to  them.  Their  excellence  in- 
deed prompts  both  a  wish  and  a  regret 
—a  wish  that  Mr.  Carlyle  would  devote 
his  genius  to  the  Lives  of  English 
Worthies,  a  regret  that  the  specula- 
tions which  he  appends  to  his  narratives 
should  soofton,from  their  tone  and  cha- 
racter, compel  the  judicious  to  grieve. 
AVhy  docs  he  war  with  the  lights  of 
the  firmament  because  of  the  foul  and 
creeping  mists  which  partially  dis- 
colour and  obscure  them  ?  And  why, 
alas!  both  in  his  avowed  and  anony- 
mous writings  has  he  enabled  the  ad- 
vocates of  negro-slavery  to  number  in 
their  ranks — J'homas  Carlyle.  **  Pa- 
(I ft  hfpc  opprohria^^  &c. 

The  fiat  of  the  physicians  which,  from 
the  year  1 8.)6,  condemned  Sterling  to 
periodical  banishment  from  England, 
and  to  seek  a  more  genial  climate 
abroad,  was  fatal  to  such  of  his  pro- 
jects as  re<piired  leisure  and  large 
libraries,  and  was  a  principal  cause 
of  his  imperfect  performances  in  lite- 
rature. For  literature,  which  was  not 
his  original  vocation,  had  become, 
through  failure  of  health,  its  substi- 
tute, and,  but  for  the  interruptions  of 
inevitable  journeyingsand  sojotirnings, 
might  have  yielded  equal  fruits  with 
intcrdlotod  parliamentary  eloquence. 
"  It' Sterling, '  says  his  biograj>her,"  has 
dune  little  in  literature,  we  may  ask, 
what  other  man  than  he,  in  sucli  cir- 
cumstances, could  have  done  any- 
thing ?  In  virtue  of  these  rapid  facul- 
ties, which  otherwise  cost  him  so  dear, 


he  has  built  together,  out  of  those 
wavering  boiling  quicksands  of  Lis  few 
later  years,  a  result  which  may  justly 
surprise  us."    "Five  forced  peregn- 
nities,"   as    Mr.   Carlyle  calls    them^ 
counting   in  his   voyage  in   1830  to 
the  West  Indies,  in  their  sad  and  bar- 
ren alternation f  were  henceforth  the 
main  incidents  of  his  much-obstructed 
life.    His   summers  were    passed   in 
England;  but  between  either  equinox 
he  was  driven  for  shelter  to  Bordeaux, 
Madeira,   Rome,    and   Naples,   or   if 
family  cares  were  pressing,  or  his  pul- 
monary symptoms   temporarily   alle- 
viated,  he  made  experiment  of  Fal- 
mouth, Clifton,  and  Ventnor.    Disas- 
trous as  these  changes  of  abode  were 
to  long-continuous  enterprises,   they 
were,  on  the  whole,  beneficial  to  the 
poetic  and  periodical  adventures  on 
which  he  embarked.     The  luxuriant 
and  scmitropical  vegetation  of  Madeira 
was  a  vision  of  delight  to  one  ever 
wakeful  to  natural  l>cauty:  and  hb 
Italian  sojourn  invigorated,  if  it  did 
not  create  in  him,  a  most  rare  and 
j  ust  appreciation  of  art.    Sterling's  let- 
ters from  Rome  and  Florence,  portions 
of  which  are  given  by  his  biographer^ 
would,  if  published  entire,  probably  be 
the  most  instructive  and  vital  portion 
of  his  writings.     In  them  gradually 
dawns  the  influence  of  the  prophet  of 
the  nineteenth  century  upon  him,  erefl 
of  that  Goethe,  whom  he  once   so 
dreaded,  depreciated,  and  misrepre- 
sented.     The  profound   and   serene 
science    of    the    poet-saso    were    in 
fact  the    haven    for  which   Sterling 
had  so    long    ineficctually    yearned 
and  which,  at  too  late  an  hour  for  his 
own  literary  success,  he  finally,  and 
not  without  rcluctation,  attained.  The 
following  passage  is  deeply  interesting, 
since  it  proves  at  once  the  strength  of 
the  attraction  and  the  unwillinjraess  6t 
Sterling  himself  to  bend  bciore  the 
mighty  master.    In  1837  he  writes 
from  Aladeira : 

"  As  to  readmg,  I  have  been  looking  at 
Goethe,  especially  the  Life — much  as  a 
shying  horse  looks  at  a  post.  In  truth  I 
am  afruid  of  him.  I  enjoy  and  admire 
him  so  much,  and  feel  I  could  so  easily 
be  tempted  to  go  along  with  him.  And 
yet  I  have  a  deeply-rooted  and  old  per- 
suasion that  he  was  the  most  splendid 
of  anachronisms.  A  thoroughly,  nay  in- 
tensely Pagan  life,  in  an  age  when  H  ia 


608 


Carlifles  Life  of  Sterling, 


[Dec 


■li 


mcn*s  duty  to  be  Christian.  I  therefore 
never  take  him  up  without  a  kind  of  in- 
ward check,  as  if  I  were  trying  some  for- 
bidden spell ;  while,  on  the  other  hand, 
there  is  so  infinitely  much  to  be  learnt 
from  him,  and  it  is  so  needful  to  under- 
stand the  world  we  live  in,  and  our  own 
ago,  and  especially  its  greatest  minds,  that 
I  cannot  bring  myself  to  burn  my  books 
as  the  converted  Magicians  did,  or  sink 
them  as  did  Prospero." 

The  following  extract,  though  re- 
lating to  an  earlier  periocl,  is  a  proper 
appendage  to  the  foregoing. 

"  His  knowledge  of  German  literature, 
very  slight  at  this  time,  limited  itself  alto- 
gether to  writers  on  church  matters,  evi- 
dences, counter-evidences,  theologies  and 
rumours  of  theologies  ;  by  the  Thohicks, 
Schleierm.ichers,  Neanders,  and  I  know 
not  whom.  Of  the  true  sovereign  souls 
of  that  literature,  the  Goethes,  Richters, 
Schillers,  Lessings,  he  had  as  good  as  no 
knowledge;  and  of  Goethe  in  particular 
an  o])stinate  misconception,  with  proper 
abiiorrence  appended — which  did  not  abate 
for  several  years,  nor  quite  abolish  itself 
till  a  very  late  period.  Till,  in  a  word,  he 
got  Goethe's  works  fairly  read  and  stu- 
died for  himself.  This  was  often  enough 
the  course  with  Sterling  in  such  cases. 
He  had  a  most  swift  glance  of  recognition 
for  the  worthy  and  for  the  unworthy  ;  and 
was  prone,  in  his  ardent  dfcisive  way,  to 
put  much  faith  in  it.  '  Such  a  one  is  a 
worthless  idol ;  not  excellent,  only  sham- 
excellent :'  here,  on  this  negative  side 
especially,  you  often  had  to  admire  how 
right  he  was  ; — often,  but  not  quite  al- 
ways. And  he  would  maintain,  with  end- 
less ingeniiity,  confidence,  and  persist- 
ence, his  fall'icious  spectrum  to  be  a  rival 
image.  However  it  was  sure  to  come  all 
right  in  the  end.  ^^^lateve^  real  excel- 
lence he  might  misknow,  you  had  but  to 
let  it  stand  before  him,  soliciting  new 
examination  from  him  ;  none  surer  than 
he  to  recognise  it  at  last,  and  to  pay  it  all 
his  dues,  with  the  arrears  and  interest  on 
them.  Goethe,  who  figures  as  some  ab- 
surd high- stalking  hollow  play-actor  or 
empty  ornamental  clock-case  of  an  *  ar- 
tist' so-called,  in  the  tale  of  the  Onyx 
King,  was  in  the  throne  of  Sterling's  intel- 
lectual worhl  ])eforc  all  was  done ;  and 
the  theory  of  *  Goethe's  want  of  feeling,' 
want  of,  &c.  &c.  appeared  to  him  also 
obundantly  (tontemptiblc  and  forgetable.'* 

Wo  h:ivo  srareely  tr)iirhoil  upon 
Slorlinir's  ])('rs')n:il  lifl',  and  trafed  only 
sjome  of  tlu'  intt'liectual  featuivs  and 
crises  of  liis  mind.  Knougli  has  been 
written,  if  we  can  induce  our  readers 
0 


to  regard  tlohu  Sterling,  not  merely  us 
one  who  under  favourable  circuiu- 
stances  might  have  proved  a  burning 
and  a  shining  light,  but  also,  as  he 
really  was,  as  one  who  foufi;ht  a  good 
fight  in  life,  and  dispersed  and  scat- 
tered abroad,  both  in  speech  and  writ- 
ing, fructifying  seeds  into  many  minds. 
The  history  ot  his  latter  years  might, 
like  that  of  the  campaigns  of  Thucy- 
dides,  be  divideil  into  summer  and 
winter  periods — his  sojourn  in  Eng- 
land and  Iiis  excursions  abroad.  But 
we  must  now  hasten  on  to  the  brief 
and  inexorable  term  of  his  earthly 
troubles.  "  By  one  fell  swoop,"  in 
the  spring  of  1843,  John  Sterling  was 
bereft  in  one  week  of  his  mother  and 
his  wife.  The  letters  which  he  ad- 
dressed to  the  former,  as  well  as  that 
in  which  he  speaks  of  his  double  be- 
reavement, attest  both  the  strength  and 
the  tenderness  of  the  man.  Six  chil- 
dren, two  of  them  infants,  were  left 
to  his  solitary  charge,  and  in  the  next 
year  he  also  was  taken  from  thcni  to 
his  last  and  indeed  only  resting-]>Iacc, 
the  picturesque  burial-ground  of  Bon - 
church. 

'^  In  this  sudden  avalanche  of  sor- 
row," says  his  friend  and  biographer, 
*'  Sterling,  weak  and  worn  as  wo  have 
seen,  bore  up  manfully,  and  with  pious 
valour  fronted  what  had  come  ui)on 
him.  lie  was  not  a  man  to  yicltl  to 
vain  wailings,  or  make  repinings  at 
the  unalterable :  here  was  enough  to 
be  long  mourned  over ;  but  here,  for 
the  moment,  was  very  much  imiiera- 
tively  rei^uiring  to  be  done.  That 
evenmg,  he  called  his  children  round 
him ;  spoke  words  of  religious  admo- 
nition and  affection  to  them ;  said, 
^*  lie  must  now  be  a  mother  as  well 
as  father  to  them."  On  the  evening 
of  the  funeral,  writes  Mr.  Hare,  he 
bade  them  good  nighty  adding  these 
words,  ^*  If  l  am  taken  from  you,  God 
will  take  care  of  you." 

\\l  this  singularly  beautiful  narralivo 
should,  on  the  whole,  prove  lesscIlectiYe 
or  endurinir  than  Mr.  Curlyle^s  previous 
writings,  the  cause  of  such  defect  must 
1)0  ascribed  to  the  subject.  Bating 
certain  excrescences  ami  eccentricities 
of  style — some  newlless  jolting  where 
smooth  turf  mi;j:ht  have  l>cen  had— 
bating  too  ceiluin  oracular  or  angry 
denunciations  which  will  rather  cause 
the  judicious  to  grieve  than  the  erring 


1851.] 


William  Wyon  and  his  Works, 


609 


or  the  indolent  to  tarn  or  awaken — 
the  "  Life  of  Sterling  **  may  take  its 
place  on  our  shelves  between  Fuller's 
"  Worthies "  and  Browne's  "  Urne- 
Buriall."  Mr.  Carljle  has,  indeed, 
consigned  the  memory  of  his  friend  to 
a  tomb  at  once  solemn  and  gorgeous — 
a  tomb  whose  most  sombre  recesses 
arc  at  times  irradiated  with  cheerful 
unexpected  daylight,  and  whose  lighter 
ornaments  are  mmgled  with  **  myrtles 
brown  and  ivy  never  sere."  It  is  a 
monument  well  befitting  one  who  em- 
phatically in  the  midst  of  life  was  in 
death,  and  who,  with  nearly  every 
good  gift  of  ffcnius  lavished  upon  him, 
was  yet  prohibited  their  fruition  by 
an   iron   necessity  which  stood  suc- 


cessively before  the  gates  of  eloqaence 
theology,  and  poesy,  and  waved  the 
aspirant  oiF,  yearn  as  he  might  to  enter 
therein.  And  yet  the  lesson  to  be  de- 
rived from  Sterling's  life  is  not  one 
of  discouragement.  True,  his  written 
were  inferior  to  his  s{>oken  thoughts, 
and  the  latter  were  neither  echoed  by 
responding  myriads  nor  applauded  by 
listening  senates.  -  Enough,  however, 
remains  both  of  his  public  and  private 
utterances  for  testimony  that  in  the 
feverous  and  feeble  frame  of  John 
Sterling  was  imprisoned  for  eight-and- 
thirty  years  a  spirit  rightly  apper- 
taining to  the  order  of  souls  wnich 
have  an  authentic  mission  to  instruct, 
to  rebuke,  and  to  lead — ^in  their  day. 


WILLIAM  WYON  AND  HIS  WORKS. 
(With  a  Poriraii.) 


SOME  of  the  works  of  WiUiam 
Wyon  are  better  known  than  those  of 
any  other  artist  in  her  Majesty's  do- 
minions. Every  one  is  glad  to  carry 
an  assortment  of  them  in  his  pocket : 
and  though  they  may  continually  pass 
to  and  fro  with  little  critical  exami- 
nation, that  possessor  can  have  no 
claim  to  taste,  or  the  just  appreciation 
of  artistic  ^ace,  who  has  not,  now  and 
then,  paid  nis  tribute  of  admiration  to 
the  beauties  of  their  workmanship,  as 
from  time  to  time  they  may  casually 
have  arrested,  and  detained,  his  at- 
tention. 

The  merits  of  Mr.  Wyon's  less  seen 
performances  have  heretofore  received 
their  due  appreciation,  not  only  in  va- 
rious occasional  instances,  but  more 
particularly  in  a  Memoir  compiled  in 
1837,  by  Mr.  Carlisle,  the  late  Secre- 
tary of^^the  Society  of  Antiquaries; 
and  in  the  volume  entitled  Olla  Po- 
drida,  privately  printed  in  1844  by 
Mr.  Richard  Sainthill,  of  Cork.  From 
these  two  works,  both  privately  printed, 
we  shall,  on  the  present  melancholy 
occasion  of  Mr.  Wyon'i  decease,  ex- 
tract some  interesting  particulars, 
which  we  are  kindly  pemutted  to  il- 
lustrate  with  a  portrait  of  this  eminent 
artist,  engraved  at  Mr.  Sainthill's  ex- 


pense from  a  drawing  by  his  son  Mr. 
Leonard  C.  Wyon. 

Mr.  Wyon  was  of  Grerman  descent. 
He  came  of  a  race  of  die-sinkers  and 
metal-chasers.  His  grandfather  was 
the  George  Wyon  wno  executed  the 
silver  cup  embossed  with  the  assassi- 
nation of  Julius  CsBsar,  which  was 
S resented  by  the  City  of  London  to 
bhn  Wilkes,  and  an  eneraving  of 
which  will  be  found  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine  for  1774,  p.  457.  HisfaUieir 
was  Peter  Wyon,  a  die-sinker  at  Bir- 
mingham, in  partnership  with  his 
elder  brother  Thomas. 

William  Wyon  was  bom  in  17d5,  at 
Birmineham,  and  was  apprenticed  to 
his  father  in  1809.  Wnen  a  boy  he 
met  with  a  copy  of  Flaxman*s  ^ Dante** 
at  a  genUeman's  house.  Of  Flaxman 
he  knew  nothing,  but  he  was  so  en- 
raptured with  his  works  that  he  b^gned 
permission  to  study  them,  which  being 
ffranted,  he  copied  many  if  not  most  of 
the  outlhies.  This  showed  no  common 
discernment  in  «  boy  to  whom  high 
art  was  quite  a  stranger  before  he  met 
with  these  works.  Be  always  attri- 
buted to  this  his  advancement  in  art, 
and  called  FUxman  his  real  instructor. 

We  are  not  sure  whether  it  was 
after  or  before  this,*  but  it  was  in  the 


*  The  paragraph  we  have  just  quoted  is  from  a  recent  nlemoir  of  Mr.  Wyon  hi 
The  Builder. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI.  4  I 


610 


William  Wyon  and  his  Works. 


[Dec. 


year  1811,  that  William  Wyon  en- 
graved a  licail  of  Ilercules,  which  was 
shown  to  Nathaniel  Marchant,  11. A. 
then  the  best  English  gem-engraver, 
and  elicited  from  that  gentleman  an 
earnest  recommendation  that  the  youth 
should  be  employed  upon  objects  of 
higher  art  than  those  which  his  father 
was  accustomed  to  receive  from  the 
tradesmen  of  Birmingham. 

This  advice  was  not  lost  sight  of. 
Among  Wyon's  other  youthful  works 
were  an  Antinous,  which  his  father 
set  in  gold  for  his  own  seal ;  and  a 
copy  of  Westall's  Woodman,  which, 
when  employed  in  stamping  gilt 
brooches,  obtained  so  large  a  sale  that 
the  manufacturers  were  anxious  to 
have  other  similar  designs  executed 
by  the  same  hand. 

In  181*2  he  visited  London,  on  the 
invitation  of  his  uncle  Thomas  Wyon ; 
and  set  to  work  to  execute  a  die 
which  might  compete  for  the  premium 
offered  by  the  Society  of  Arts.  The 
subject  was  a  head  of  Ceres,  which  ob- 
tained the  prize,  and  which  the  Society 
purchased  and  used  as  their  gold  Am' 
cultural  medal ;  as,  previously,  they 
had  adopted  his  cousin  Thomas  Wyon  s 
head  of  Isis  for  a  similar  pur})ose.  He 
also  received  another  prize  from  the 
same  Society  for  a  die  designed  for  a 
naval  medal,  being  an  original  comjx)- 
sition  of  Victory  m  a  marine  car  at- 
tended by  Tritons. 

In  181o  his  uncle  Tliomas  again  in- 
vited him  to  London,  to  assist  in  en- 
graving the  new  great  seals  which  were 
then  required.  His  cousin  Thomas 
had  enjjraved  the  Great  Seal  for  Eng- 
lanil ;  William  engraved  those  for 
Scotland  and  Ireland,  and  also  assisted 
in  the  execution  of  muny  colonial  seals. 

In  the  same  year  Mr.  Tingo  and 
Mr.  Marchant,  the  chief  and  second 
engravers  of  tlie  ^lint,  were  suj)er- 
annuated ;  and  !Mr.  Thomas  W  yon 
junior  was  promoted  to  be  chief  en- 
graver, the  number  of  engravers  being 
then  limited  to  two.  It  was  arranged 
that  a  second  engraver  should  be 
elected  by  com])etition,  and  as  the 
Master  (Loid  Maryborough)  hail  ex- 


pressed some  objection  to  tlie  nrospec 
of  both  engravers  being  of  we  sam 
family,  William  Wyon  determined  t 
compete  anonymously.  He  coiue 
(^uently  submitted,  without  a  name,  i 
head  of  the  Kinc,  which,  upon  th 
judgment  of  Sir  xhomas  Liawrenci 
to  whom  the  decision  was  referred 
obtained  for  Iiim  that  appointment,— 
he  being  then  in  the  twentieth  year  c 
his  age. 

Mr.  Wyon  had  now  a  fair  field  an 
an  honourable  career  before  him ;  bo 
his  hopes  were  darkened,  first  bj  tb 
untimely  death  (in  1817)  of  his  cotuii 
the  chief  engraver,*  and  secondly  Ir 
the  appointment  to  that  office  of  Mi 
Pistrucci,  then  a  new  importation  int 
the  Mint,  and  a  favourite  with  tb 
blaster,  Lord  Maryborough.  Mi 
Pistrucci  was  a  skilful  artist,  but  ai 
indolent  one ;  and  much  of  his  worl 
devolved  on  Mr.  Wyon,  without,  it  ap 
pears,  any  increase  to  his  pay.  Difi*er 
ences  arose  which  led  to  divisions.  A 
length,  in  1823,  Mr.  Pistrucci  whoUj 
withdrew  his  services,  in  coDscfiuenci 
of  the  King  cnmmandiDg  tfiat  his  por< 
trait  on  the  coinage  should  be  tiucex 
only  from  hisbust  oy  Chantrcy.  Fron 
that  period  Mr.  Wyon  became  in  fac 
the  Chief  Engraver,  though  the  titli 
was  retained  by  Mr.  Pistrucci,  witl 
the  salary  of  500/.,  Mr.  Wyon*8  bein| 
only  200/.  This  continued  during  thi 
time  that  Mr.  Wallace  was  Master  a 
the  Mint ;  who,  thouj^h  he  highly  ap< 
proved  of  the  execution  of  an  entirelj 
new  series  of  dies  which  at  this  timi 
was  prepared  for  the  coinage,  and  ii 
other  respects  evinced  towards  Mr 
Wyon  his  i)ersonal  regard,  still  failec 
to  render  to  him  the  justice  which  wai 
his  due.  It  is  stated,  however,  by  Mr 
Carlisle  that  Mr.  WaUacc  quitted  the 
Mint  with  a  recommendation  to  hii 
successor  to  represent  to  the  Govern* 
inent  the  peculiarity  of  Mr.  Wyon'i 
situation ;  and  some  relief  was  accord- 
ingly procured  by  the  new  Master 
Mr.  lierney.  By  this  arrangement 
which  was  etfccted  early  in  1828,  Mri 
Wyon  became  actually  the  Chief  En- 
graver, but  the  salary  of  that  and  hii 


*  A  memoir  of  Thomas  Wyon,  written  by  Mr.  Sainthill  for  the  Cork  Scientifii 
Society,  was  printeil  in  our  Magazine  for  1818,  vol.  lxxxviii.  i.  179,  followed  b] 
descriptionn  of  hix  works  in  the  same  volume,  pp.  19!>,  607,  iwrt  ii.  p.  122;  and  wsi 

rcprintnl  in  TIk*  Oil  •.  Podrida,  p.  'A'. 


1851.] 


mUiam  }Vt/on  and  hin  WorJu. 


former  office  wore  directed  to  be 
eciii.iliy  divided ;  ^o  tbal,  from  that 
time,  Mr.  Wyon  and  the  non-opem.- 
tivc  Mr.  Pistrocci*  each  receired  MOi 
— the  9um  of  dO(U.  having  heenairarded 
to  Mr.  Wjon  ns  a  compensntion  for 
his  extra  serHoeB  from  1633  to  1828. 

Fi'nm  that  titne  until  the  present,  all 
the  coinage  of  this  oountrj  and  of  the  co- 
lonies has  been  executed  by  Mr.  Wyon 
or  under  his  niperintendenoc.  His  nt- 
tenlion  was  not  limited  to  the  dis- 
charge of  his  nUicial  duties.  Uia  ar- 
dent zeal  for  the  imprOTement  of  the 
coinage  of  bis  conutry  induced  him  to 
submit  numerous  pBttema  of  new  coins 
froni  time  to  tune  for  appro viil. 
Amongst  these,  a  beautiful  figure  of 
Neptune,  for  the  reverse  of  a  five- 
pound  piece  of  the  naval  sovereign, 
William  IV.,  was  highly  approved  by 
the  blaater  of  the  Mint,  though  it  was 
nerer  exeonted.t 

Mr.  Wyon'B  works  may  he  classified 
under  the  several  heads  of  coins,  pat- 
tern-pieces not  coined,  medals,  and 
seals.  His  coins  of  George  the  Fourth 
and  William  the  Fourth  are  irom  the 
uiodela  of  Chnnlreji  bis  (iuecn  Vic- 
toria coins  from  models  by  himself. 

After  ™inting  out  the  great  vigoiu- 
and  finish  of  Tliomaa  Simon's  coins  of 
the  Protector  Oliver,  Mr.  Sninihill 
remarks  that 

"  There  is  equally  great  characterislic 
eipresaion  in  Mr,  Wjon's  seriei  of  the 
coins  of  George  IV.  and  William  IV.  In 
the  former,  we  have  all  the  olegance,  and 
dignity,  and  courtly  sppMruiw,  of  the 
jirrnre  of  EnrDpe  ;  in  ths  lillei,  the  plicfd, 
natursl,  quiet  aspect  of  a  slraightfornird 
we  IM  mention  eel  man.  Id  both,  tlienork- 
BiiQshlp  is  sdmirable.  The  truth  with 
which  cviTj  ttDe  and  mascle  is  represented, 
■nd  the  toftneiB  with  which  all  the  parts 

desired.  Compsie  them  with  tbe  coiug  of 
Ruttia,  Sweden,  Prussia,  Spain,  or  Looii 
Fliilippe's,  whose  terin  we  think  is  the 
best  on   the    contioeat,   sjid   the   result 


611 

pUces  the  present  coinage  of  Qreat  Britain 
ipameasurBblr  above  that  of  an;  other 
state  la  Europe." 

This  was  written  before  any  of  the 
coinage  of  Victoria  hnrl  appeared. 
After  its  issue,  the  s.imo  critic  was 
equally  satisfied : 

"  When  I  look  at  the  busts  on  the  ahil- 
lings  and  siipences  of  King  William  IV. 
anil  Qoeen  VicloriB,  1  fttol  the  g'^eatest 
sdnirBtlon  at  the  combioed  beauty  of 
desi^  and  ciecatlon  which  the;  present 
to  lbs  eyoi  ever  seeking  for  a  fanlt,  bnt 
naablB  to  find  it.  Each  portrait  is  true 
to  nature,  spsskingly  alive,  and  strikingly 
characteristic  of  such  very  differing  per. 
aoaages  as  (he  sailor  Kini;  and  the  youth- 
ful Queen." 

The  five-sovereign  piece  of  Queen 
Victoria,  bearing  on  its  reverse  her 
Majesty  in  the^uiee  of  Una  directing 
the  lion  of  Great  liritain  bj  her 
sceptre,  is  pronounced  by  Mr.  Saint- 
hill  to  be  the  noblest  coin  in  the 
English  serief,  and  as  defying  the 
competition  of  any  coin  of  any  coa- 
tinental  mint. 

lu  1846  Mr.  Wyon  designed  and 
engraved  apattorn  crown  of  the  Queen 
in  Ibe  mediieval  style,  which  received 
the  royal  approbation,  and,  by  her 
Majesty's  commands,  was  issued  as  a 
coin  in  1847.  Eight  thousand  orowus 
were  coined  and  divided  among  the 
Loudon  bankers,  by  whom  they  were 
distributed  to  their  customors;  but  so 
highly  and  universally  were  the;^ 
prized  bjr  the  public  that  scarcely  uiT 
strayed  into  geueral  ciroulation,  and 
they  were  sold  b^  coin-dealers  at  th» 
price  of  thirty  shillings  of  sis  erowna. 
From  the  restoration  of  Charles  IL  , 
until  1816  our  armorial  bearings  t 
the  silver  coinage  were  marshalUd  on  ' 
four  shieI(U>,  arranged  on  what  has 
been  called  "the  wiodmill  fashion," 
which  arrangement  Mr.  Wyon  adoptedi 
and  very  happily  and  with  great  toate 
connected  the  ahieUL;  together  by  Uiair 


•  Mr.  Pislrucd  retired  from  the  Mint,  ret^ 
the  King.  He  is  still  liiing,  at  his  retreat,  ' 
His  large  medal  commumoraliie  of  WalErloo,  ( 
often  announced  as  aearly  Gompicled,  but  hu  i 
.0  the  Mint  were  hmited  ne  believ 


all  very  unlike  as  portraits ;  the  George  and  Jtagoi 
pieces ;    and  tlie  coronation  medal*  of  George  IV.  and  Vici 
Of  WUliom  IV.  was  the  work  of  Mr.  Wyon. 

+  Tliis  created  the  first  break  in  that  series,  from 
gold  coin  than  hi.  has  ever  b«ea  struck  iu  England. 


ig  the  appointment  of  Medallist  to 
Fine  ArU  Cottage,"  near  Wiadior. 
.e  work  of  very  ntiny  yean,  bos  been 
It  yet  appeared,  ills  contribntioiif 
B  hejdi  of  George  the  Third — 


of  ths  a- 


The  coronation  medal  | 

ifChirlcsIl.    NotBrgflr>^^^| 


612                             William  Wyon  and  hia  Workt.                       [Dec. 

natioiiikl  cmblcDis  of  tlic  rose,  tliiatlc,  culation  since  die  Queen  come  to  U 

iukI  aliRDirock.     The  great  triumph  of  throoe. 

art,  however,  is  the  obverse.     The  re-  Sir.  Wyon's  skill  and  tartc  sa  a  mi 

lief  is  extremely  low,  that  severe  test  dallist  obtained  him  b  high  reputfttic 

of  ail  artist's  ability  to  produce  effect,  on  the  continent  as  well  as  at  horn 

while  the  diadem  is  placed  on  her  Ma-  In  1835  he  was  invited  to  Liabon  t 

jestv's  brows  witlmneijuiLllcd  taste  and  make   a   medallic   portrait  of  Qaet 

skill.     By  keeping  in  its  ritn,  the  facial  Donna  Maria,  and  he  received  ■  con 

line  ascends,  without  interrupUon,  to  miiision  to  engrave  dies  for  a  Beries  i 

thespringof  the  arch,  giving  increased  coins  of  her  Most  Faithful  Majeat 

intellectuality   of   countenance ;    and  At  home  his  talents  were   ao  hiriil 

from  the  same  elevation,  at  the  back,  a  appreciated,   that   he   was  electoa,  i 

continuous  graceful  outline  descends  1831    an    associate,    and    in    1836 

to  below  the  shoulders.     As  a  whole,  member,  of  the  Hojal  Academy;  i 

we  have  not  any  portrait  of  the  Queen  honour  never  before  conferred  upt 

ao  irresistibly  winning,  so  quietly  dig-  this  department  of  art.* 

uifieil,  with  such  richness,  jet  light-  About  the  year   1839   Mr.   W^ 

iicss  and  breadth  of  effect.  visited  the  Mint  of  Paris,  we  belwi 

For  the  Two-ehill  ing  piece,  or  Fiorto,  on  the  subject  of  their  mode  of  luwda 
Mr.  Wyon  engraved  several  patterns.,  ing  the  dies;  and,  the  Enrliah  Mil 

The    first  was   a    bust   of  iter   Ma-  having  been  most  unreservedljthron 

jcsty,  laurelled;    the  second  another  upcn  to  the  olGcers  of  the  French  Hli 

uust,  with  the  Greek  fillet,  his  own  some   years   before,   he  receivetl   U 

idea.     lie  also  engravecl    three  re-  most  courteous  attention  in  Teton 

verses ;  one  bus  V.U.  with  mediaeval  When  he  was  about  to  leave  Farii 

ornaments  ;  the  second  the  words  one  was  intimated  to  him  that  the  Kiii| 

DECAi>£ ;  and  the  third  one  florih.  being  aware  of  bis  viait,  expected  I 

lie  then  engraved  a  reduction  of  his  be  waited  on  bj  him.    In  obedicno 

ineilia.'val  cruwu,  obverse  and  reverse,  Mr.  Wyon  addressed  a  letter  to  h: 

and    this   >rus   finally   issued   as    the  Majesty,   acknowled^nng    hi*    obligs 

uoin.  tions  at  the  Mint,  ana  inclosing  to  th 

The  truest,  strongest,  and  moat  un-  King  his  Guildhall  medal  of  Qnec 

doubted  testimony  to  the  su|>eriority  Victorio.t  and  his  medallion  of  Kin 

of  Mr.   Wyon's   jiortraits   of   (Jucen  William  iV,,  and  went  out  to  Neuill' 

'"  '                 aH'urdeit   by  the  faut,  of  where  Luuis  l^ilippe  and  his  famil 


which  every  person  enn   satisfy  him-     were  then  residing.     He  delivered  tl 

self,  that  ller  Majesty's  bust,  bu  iio     paekct  to  the  aide-de-camp  in  wail 

r  artitt  bat  Mr.  Wyon,  has  been     tji^,  and  was  sent  for  by  the  Kin| 


copied  in  the  countless  ineilals  anil  who,  haviu<|  expressed  his  satisfoctk 
iTudesuiuu's  tokcus  which  have  been  that  he  badbcen  pleaaed  at  the  min 
ungraveil  and  issued  for  sole  and  cir-     examined  the  metuls,  prunng  that  < 


*  Nathaniel  MBrr.hant,  it  is  true,  wos  an  Academician  i  but  he  must  be  nnked  aa  ■ 
engraver  of  ^ms.  Though  he  was  Eafjrater  to  the  Mint,  be  comtdeiTd  tbo  office 
Hiocuurc  and  made  it  aO.  His  onl;  work  for  Ibe  coinage  nai  the  boat  of  Georgs  II 
un  the  last  Tlirec-Shilling  token  of  the  Bank  of  England,  I812i  and  we  belicTB  tbi 
the  onlj  medal  he  ever  attempti'd  was  the  bust  of  Lord  Greniille,  as  ChaDBeUor  i 
Oiford,  leiO.     The  reverse  was  eiigrated  for  him  by  Tbomai  Wyon,  janior. 

f  This  medal  has  on  (lie  obverse  her  Majesty's  bust,  and  title  in  Latin,  vicroat 
KEoiNA.  On  (be  reverse  is  represented  the  Gull dliall,  with  an  ioteriptlon,  iaoM 
aistenlly  written  in  Ennlisb,  recording  the  Queen's  visit  on  the  9th  Nov.  1837.  Ill 
Majesty  is  represented  in  the  tiara  she  wore  at  the  city  dinner ;  her  flowing  lad 
feathered  in  a  graceful  knot  at  the  bauk  of  ber  head.  <>  The  graceful  siiiiigHinun 
character,  and  eirreisinn  of  the  whole  bust)  its  breadth  and  softneis;  the  perftct  T0«I1 
yet  sweetly  ricliiied  womanhood,  of  (he  features  ;  the  ciijuisite  delicacy  of  tiM  tk 
connecting  the  chteV  nnd  neck  :  and  tliu  surpassing  beauty  of  the  lower  part  of  Uhe  (kl 
and  lip,  strike  uk  as  a  ciiiubinatinii  of  eicellenrcs  wbere  all  the  (ruth  of  natUTc  ii  (lii 
plnycil  in  nil  the  iierfvutiim  of  art."— Saintliiil's  Olla  Podrida.  p.  (iS  :  when  the  obvm 
of  this  medal  is  engravcJ.  its  reveree  being,  with  eijual  good  («(«,  omitted. 


William  Wyoii  and  hit  Wovfen. 


tbc  Queen  highly;  andwhenhctookeil 

At  WiUisin  ihe  Fourth's,  he  laughed  * 
and  said^ — "  It  ia  the  old  boy,  bis  very 
self," 

Encouraaed  by  the  King's  praises  Mr. 
Wyon  produced  his  niediu  for  Lloyd's,  f 
and  said,  that  his  Majesty's  goodness 
emboldened  him  to  take  the  liberty  of 
also  presenting  thia  medal  to  him. 
Louis  Philippe  pressed  Mr.  Wyon'a 
arm,  and  repued ; — "  Liberty !  you  do 
me  a  favour." 

The  King  then  took  Mr.  Wyon  into 
another  room,  and  introdaoed  him  to 
the  Queen  and  other  memberH  of  his 
family.  The  Queen  suid,  in  Tery  im- 
perfect English, — "  VVe  have  lieard 
ruuch  of  you,  Mr.  Wyon,  from  our 
daughter  Louise,  and  of  your  beautiful 

?)rtrait  of  the  Queen  of  England." 
he  King  then  iciTited  Mr.  Wyon  to 
walk  through  the  rooma  and  examine 
euch  works  of  art  ae  were  there  ;  and 
Mr.  Wyon  said,  he  never  spent  two 
hours  more  agreeably,  from  Louis 
Philippe's  general  good  taste,  and  the 
ease  in  which  he  was  placed  by  the 
Kinz's  kindness  of  manner.  In  one 
of  the  apartments  were  some  very 
splendid  Sevres  jars,  on  which  Mr. 
Wyon  eiipresEed  an  unfavourable  opi- 
nion. He  saw  that  the  King  woa  hurt, 
and  therefore,  at  some  lengtli,  gave 
his  reasons  as  an  artist.  When  he  had 
ended,  the  ICin"  smiled,  and  said, — 
"We  cannot,  Mr.  Wyon,  admit  that 
you  ore  right,  for  the  jars  were  de- 
signed by  Napoleon."  When  taking 
leave,  the  Kiag  said, — "  I  should  wish, 
Wr.  W^on,  you  should  have  something 
to  remind  you  of  this  visit  j  I  will 
send  you  a  medal,  and  as  it  bears  on 
it  the  portraits  of  the  Queen,  myself, 
and  our  children,  I  hope  it  may  be 
interesting  to  you."  The  licneral  in 
attendance  having  received  some  di- 
rection from  the  King,  inquired  of 
Mr.  Wyon  his  address,  which  be  gave, 
and  when  he  would  leave  Paris,  and 
was  told,  the  day  after  to-mori*ow  ; 
on  which  the  General  remarked  to  the 
King,   that  the  medal  could   not   be 


GI3 

struck   in   that   IJme.     "  C'csl   Gnie," 
said   his  Majesty,  and  the  medal  in 
gold  (and  worth  about  SOI.  as  metal) 
reached  Mr.  Wjon  next  day.     It  wai,   I 
we  presume,  a  private  medal,  as  wS    I 
were  uoable  to  trace  it  on  inqiurj  at   ' 
the  Monnaie  des  Med^Ues. 

Mr.  Wyon's  works  include  the  re- 
cent war  medals  of  the  Peninsula,  Tra- 
falgar, JoUalabad,  and  Cabul. 


gives  a 


1    VlKDI 


The 


Robert  Sole'i  camp, 
which  hoverB  a  winged  figure  of  Vie- 
torj,  besting  the  British  standnrd  in  her 
left  bond,  and  a  wreath  in  her  right;  and 
I  im  not  nctjuBinted  with  an;  medal, 
English  or  foreign,  which  presenta  such  ■ 
perfcctlf  graoefnl  and  nctuaUy  aerial  figurs  , 
OB  this  imperionaCion  of  Jellolabad.  It 
is  so  coaipletely  off  the  surface  of  tha  , 
medal,  the  dTa[)erf  ttosts  so  lightly,  acid 
the  oBttines  and  Bttilude  are  bo  natar' 
and  eaniESlJy  lifelike,  that  but  a  slight  i 
petos  of  the  imagitistioD  seeni«  necessary 
to  carry  on  a  belief  in  the  mind  that  She 
really  is  from  on  high,  beckaning  to  her 
children  in  the  camp  lo  be  np  and  to  ba 
doing,  and  will  soon  pass  from  off  o — 
horizon,  leading  on  ber  heroei  to  tha 
deeds  which  hava  aasacisted  Sale  and  his 
heroic,  pBtientl7  sufferiog,  and  devoted 
bsDiJs  with  enduring  and  unfading  glory." 
— Froin  a  paper  read  by  Mr-  Sainthill 
before  the  Coverion  Society  of  Cork. 

The  various  medals  of  the  Royal 
Academy,  the  Koyal  Sadety,the  Rt^al 
Institution,  the  Geological  Society,  tha 
Geographical  Society,tbe  Bengal  Asia- 
tic &>ciety,  and  indeed  of  almost  everr 
learned  society,  home  and  colonial, 
were  the  productions  of  William  Wyon. 
Some  of  these  have  on  the  obverses 
beads  from  the  antique,  from  modern, 
and  from  living  pcrsouagea.  The  Har- 
row School  medal,  given  by  the  late 
Sir  Kober  t  Peel,  bears  a  head  of  Cicero; 
the  lloyal  Institution  medal  the  head 
of  Lord  Bacon ;  the  prize  medal  of  tha 
University  of  Gbsgow  the  head  of  Sir 
Isaac  Newton;  the  Geological  Society 
medal  the  head  of  Dr.  WoUaston  ;  (be 


\r  M'Chie  once  remarking,  that  he  always  knew  when  the  rrienda  of 
n  sitter  tbouglit  the  likeneia  good,  by  Ihcir  Idnghing  when  they  first  saw  it.  ' 

t  I'bisiB  a  medal  ^ven  foruBialanca  in  cuen  of  ahipwrei?k  ;  and  ita  design  repreai 
UlyfiSGS,  clinging  to  hia  raft,  succoured  by  tiie  godde*B  Leucothoe.  For  a  just  appra<  \ 
cialion  of  ill  merits  we  refer  to  Sointhill-a  Olla  Podrida,  (i.  i2  ;  where  it  U  eagraTed  h '  I 
Plate  I,  together  with  another  maetorpirCB  of  W.  Wyon,  his  medal  for  the  Cheseldoa  I 
prize  at  St.  Thomas's  Hospital. 


■:'  m 


■ 


.1 


I    ■' 


614 


WilUeun  Wyon  and  his  Works. 


[Dec. 


Art  Union  medal  the  head  of  Sir 
Francis  Chautrey ;  and  the  Brodie  tes- 
timonial the  head  of  Sir  Benjamin 
Brodie.  Some  of  the  reverses  ol'  Mr. 
Wyon's  medals  were  executed  from 
designs  by  Flaxman,  lloward,  and 
others ;  but  many  —  and  those  some 
of  the  best  —  are  from  designs  by 
himself.  His  incdal  of  Sir  Walter 
Scott  bears  a  reverse  after  Stothard ; 
and  his  coronation  medal  of  William 
the  Fourth  a  reverse  of  Queen  Ade- 
laide, after  Chanti*ey. 

As  an  engraver  of  medals  IMi*.  Wyon 
will  stand  hereafter  in  our  English  order 
of  merit  immediately  after  Thomas 
Simon.  He  may  not  have  equalled 
Simon ;  but  he  has  surpassed  Briot, 
the  lioettiers,  Rawlins,  Blondeau, 
Croker,  Tanner,  Pingo,  and  Pistrucci. 
His  heads  have  both  force  and  deli- 
cacy, and  are  always  admirable  in  point 
of  likeness.  His  reverses  are  conceived 
in  the  school  of  Flaxman,  for  whose 
works  he  was  known  to  have  evinced 
greater  enthusiasm  than  for  those  of 
any  other  modern  artist. 

William  Wyon  brought  to  his  pro- 
fession all  the  devotion  to  the  arts, 
and  aspiration  for  fame,  to  be  earned 
by  his  own  unceasing  exertions  of  mind 
and  bodv,  of  head  and  hand,  whicli 
previously  characterised  his  cousin 
Thomas ;  and  his  closing  days  beheld 
him,  the  great  mediulic  artist  of 
Europe,  as  anxious  to  make  further 
progress  as  when,  the  modest  Bir- 
mingham boy,  he  first  entered  the  walb 
of  the  Royal  Academy.  This  thirst  for 
fame  was  entirely  free  from  any  feeling 
of  jealousy  as  regarded  other  artists 
in  Iiis  own  profession,  native  or  foreign, 
at  every  period  of  his  life ;  nor  was 
this  disposition  ever  disturbed  by  the 
malevolence  and  injustice  which,  at 
some  stages  of  his  career,  he  encoun- 
tered from  others.  At  the  recent  Ex- 
hibition of  all  Nations,  there  was  a 
case  containing  a  limited  selection  of 
his  varied  productions,  chiefly  medals : 
wherein  excellence  of  the  highest  class, 
both  as  to  portraiture  and  composition, 
riveted  the  attention,  but  puzzled  the 
decision,  as  to  which  the  highest  praise 
should  be  awarde<l.  In  all,  the  truth 
of  nature,  the  delicacy  of  taste,  and 
the  perfect  finish  of  high  art,  were 
alike  conspicuous. 

Mr.  Wyon  was  married  in  1821  to 
Catherine  Sophia,  third  daughter  of 


John  Keele,  esq.  suitteon,  of  Sonth- 
ampton.  This  amiab&  lady,  who  not 
only  participated  in  his  tastes  and  par- 
suits,  but  by  her  excellent  judgment 
and  knowledge  of  the  world  was  as 
invaluable  hdpmate  to  the  retired  and 
busy  artist,  died,  after  a  long  and  dia« 
tressing  illness,  on  the  14th  of  Febru- 
ary in  the  present  year.  Mr.  Wjon 
himself  was  not  naturally  of  a  strong 
constitution ;  but  the  occnpation  on- 
mnating  from  the  Great  JBxhibitioB 
had  served  to  divert  his  mind  finom 
the  severity  of  his  recent  irreparable 
loss.  The  complete  success,  in  the 
expressed  opinion  of  the  Queen  and 
Frmce,  of  his  own  work  produced  for 
this  occasion — the  magninoent  obverM 
busts  of  her  Majesty  and  Prince  Albert 
for  the  Exhibition  medals,  and  his  aon 
Leonard's  reverse  of  one,  which  was 
also  honoured  by  the  royal  notice  and 
approbation,  had  naturally  gratified 
him  as  an  artist  and  a  father ;  bat  it 
is  to  be  feared  that  they  also  created 
an  excitement  which,  in  its  remlsiont 
had  a  baneful  effect  on  his  physical 

I)owers.  He  was  attacked  bj  pam- 
ysis,  which  deprived  him  of  the  use 
of  his  lefl  side,  at  Brighton,  on  the 
27th  September ;  and  he  died  at  tba 
same  place,  on  the  29th  of  October. 

Mr.  Wyon  has  left  four  children, 
two  daughters  and  two  sons.  Hia 
younger  son  has  'entered  the  Imd 
profession ;  the  elder,  Leonard  Chama 
Wyon,  on  the  retirement  of  Monsieur 
Merlin,  was  appointed  Second  £n* 
graver  of  Her  M^esty^s  Mint  l^  Mir. 
6  lads  tone,  at  that  time  Master,  who 
considered  the  unusually  earlj  dere- 
lopment  of  ability,  exhibited  in  the 
young  engraver^s  works,  u  an  aa* 
surance  of  his  future  high  ranJc  as 
an  artist ;  and  which  has  been  mora 
than  realised  by  Mr.  Leonard  Gharlea 
Wyon's  subsequent  progress.  Wa 
need  only  refer  to  his  medal  of  Ho* 
garth,  en^aved  for  the  London  Art 
Union;  his  reverse  for  the  general 
prize  medal  of  the  recent  Grreat  £zhi« 
bition;  and  the  portraits  dT  all  the 
royal  children  modelled  from  the  lift^ 
by  Iler  Majesty*s  command,  and  froan 
which  he  is  to  engrave  medals,— «b 
proofs  that,  with  the  name,  he  inherit! 
also  the  artistic  ability,  the  mind  to 
compose,  and  the  hand  to  ezecatei 
which  have  established  the -fame  ol 
the  Wyons. 


CORRESPONDENCE  OP  8YLVANDS  URBAN. 


k  FnrM!)— Tho  DuliiMiom  ot 


Im^iyli-  or  iJidy  Alice  UunUngdon— Ffrel  etui 

Endkavovk  or  Jahns  II.  t( 

Mh.  UnliAS.-TliB  follQwing  eitraots 
from  a  msunscrlpt  written  in  1687-8  by 
Sir  Jolin  KnatchbuU  of  Mersham-HBtah, 
in  Kent,  the  second  Baronet,  anditlll  in 
loofthefsmilj,  ■ 


tmhj  (Tho  Rliuip,  Wormi,  U 
■Wlcr— The  Prince  otWllej's  T 
d  WWfflcr— llltin  of  Uonry  A 


1   of  that 


;  thit  tl 


gCDtUme 

lime  finnneBS  aa  moao  oi  Lrevonuiire 
and  Commll,  wheo  a  similar  application 
teas  made  to  them  by  the  Earl  of  Bath  ; 
irhoie  letter  deuribing  hia  intettiew  witli 
King  Jamea  and  his  Coaocil  od  the  subject 
!b  pHnted  in  your  Jane  Namber,  p.  589. 
The  Lord  Lieatenaut   of  Kent  at  the 

Extraeli  finm  a  iteniucript  of  Sir  Join  Knatei&ull,  Oar 


data  of  the  eitracts  wai  CbriiCouher  Bo- 
per,  Lord  Tcynhnm,  the  fifth  Borna,  t 
Roman  CathoUc  nobleman.  He  died  in 
October,  16H8 ;  and  Lewis  de  Doras, 
second  Earl  or  Favcnham,  was  nominated 
by  Janiea  H.  ai  hia  successor.  Sir  John 
KnatchbuU  was  member  for  the  county 
at  the  period,  and  also  aat  far  it  in  the 
first  two  Parliaments  of  William  i  ' 
Mary,  la  1G90  ha  was  appointed  oat 
the  CommiaaioaerB  of  the  PriTy  Seal. 


s,&C. 


0  Po£S. 


"  The  King  towards  tbe  end  of  De- 
CCmber.  1687,  lent  Lord  Tenhim  downe 
with  instrnctionE  to  wait  upon  the  Deputy 
Lieu",  and  Justices  of  tha  Peace  of  tbe 
County  of  Kent,  to  try  bow  they  stood 
affected  to  the  takeing  otTthc  Penali  Laws 


lowing  Lord  Tenhani  si 


indecency  of  any  person  being  pre- 
engag'd  that  was  to  sppeare  in  so  great 

on  aaiemblj,  and   the  reproach    I   should  1 

incur  by  Eoc  doeiog,  hi*  L''ship  tooke  oil  j 

in  good  part  and  dismist  me  with  Expre*-  i 

aionsofmneh  Civility.     My  L'.  after  Ift  I 

had  eiamined  me  did  the  like  with  VLt,  I 


1  did,  i 


Sandway;  w"'' accordingly 


a  Message     Sherman,  who  also  deayed  h 


t  Mr. 


:    Qaickty 
after  came  In  my  Lonl.  who  after  a  while 
tooke  me  into  another  roomc  and  thewod 
me  hii  instructions,  asking  me  three  ques-     -  ,  , 
tiona.     (First)    l(  I   were  choaon  to  silt      *'^''  I"  .''="",- 
in  Parliament  whether  [  would  be  ready     '"f  relation  of 
lo  repeal  tho  Penal  Lawea  and  Test?     Tb      ""»  """1= 
which  I  iDswered,  that  if  I  were  choMr 
to  litt  in    Parliament   1   should  bo  ven 
ready  to  repeal  thePeoall  LawesandTeat 


Sir  John  than  itales  that  shout  ths  j 
and  of  April  a  person  whom  he  does  not  ] 
name,  but  whom  he  cslU  "  an  old  aa>  | 
(juaiatancD."  came  to  him  and  urgeatlf  1 
pressed  him  on  the  same  subject ;  b<rt  j 
ss  :  and  be  cDnclndM  j 
second  attempt  t 


Ifopo 


Tbe  conjecture  1  make  opon  tbe  who 
bebBTlour  of  this  Gentleman  is,  that  tl 
returns   of  the   L''.    Lieutenants  doe  m 


10.  The  2d  Question  bis  L<'p.  axked 
me  was,  whetber  1  would  giie  my  rote  to  the  DisMutcra,  that  Ibey  hi 
the  Election  of  such  as  would  be  for  the  lenged  with  double  dealing, 
taking  away  of  penali    Lawea  anil  Teats 


kingdom 


B  Iq  the  first  Questi 
1  could  not  consent  wicboot  ffirst  hearelng 
tbe  Debates  cf  the  bouse,  so  in  thia  2d 
I  could  not  thinke  itt  proper  to  cbuse  any 
person  who  wai  prcTionsly  engaged.  The  chosen 
last  QucBtion  was,  whether  1  would  suport 
hia  Maj"".  DeclsratioD  of  Indulgence  by 
living  peaceably  with  my  Neighbours  and 
Men  of  Ail  persuaeions,  as  Christiaos  and 
good  subjects  ought  to  doe  ?  My  nnswcT 
was  that  1  would  endeaiour  to  live  peace- 
ably with  all  men.  My  L''.  aaed  Home 
Arguments  to  draw  a  more  poseitiie  an- 
swer from  me,  hot  upon  my  insisting  on 


togi 


.incerily  of 
been  cbal- 
thereford  J 


perhaps  are  charged  and  com. 

I  thia  purpose,  and  the  wbol*    j 

coming  nnder  a  second  st 

private  and  close  manner,  bj 

of  the  best  parts  and  deite* 

nLy  scni  luto  all  Countyes,  &o.  for  tho 

Rnall  Estimate  of  their  Strength,  whlA 

be  tbe  reaaon  my  friend  take  his  disap< 

poiiitmeat  so  heavily,  being  to  aniwer  (or 

itt  to  the  King  or   Lords  Cam'issioaen  ] 

for  this  affair,  w'l'  if  itt  should  nc 

Mpectation  the  DlsMinteri  may  apprehend  1 

the  King  may  think  himself *  coa->  J 

Eequences  thereof,  Hie." 


*  Some  words  ubUt«rBted. 


I . 


616 


Coi'respondence  ofSylvanus  Urban, 


[Dec 


J  ; 


■  I 

IJ 


I 


1 


.  I 


Rambles  in  Germany — The  Rhine — Worms — Matencb—Coloomb— Fbbt' 

BURQ — The  Black  Forest. 


Mr.  Urban, — You  say  true. — I  seem 
to  have  passed  over  the  Rhine  altogether, 
in  sending  you  a  few  slight  sketches  of 
our  rambles.  I  have  felt  a  kind  of  reluct- 
ance to  give  free  course  to  my  own  im- 
pressions of  this  part  of  our  journey ; 
conscious  as  I  am  that  they  will  not  ac- 
cord with  those  of  most  travellers,  and 
may  stamp  me  as  deficient  in  appreciation 
of  both  natural  and  artificial  beauty.  Pray 
bear  in  mind,  before  I  proceed  further, 
the  great  difficulty  of  fairly  appreciating 
the  beauty  of  the  Rhine,  when  traversed, 
as  it  now  mostly  is,  as  a  measure  of  con- 
venience, by  steamboats.  If  you  arc  not 
*  in  possession  of  full  health  and  strength, 
it  is  no  easy  matter  to  brave  the  hot  suns, 
or  the  cold  winds,  or  the  driving  rains,  the 
flooded  decks,  and  the  steaming  cabins. 
You  may  indeed  have  a  perfect  day ;  but 
rainy  and  squally  weather  is  the  rule 
rather  than  the  exception;  or  you  are 
doomed  to  pass  the  very  finest  points  just 
at  the  time  when  they  are  wrapped  in 
thick  curtains  of  mist,  and  are  as  good  as 
visionary  tales  to  you.  Setting  all  this 
aside,  as  a  whole  the  Rhine  scenery  dis- 
appointed mc.  Our  admiration  of  beau- 
tiful scenery  should,  I  think,  be  immediate. 
I  do  not  like  to  be  referred  to  historical 
associations ;  to  calculations  about  the  re- 
lative length  and  breadth  and  speed  of 
rivers ;  to  the  industry  of  the  inhabitants 
on  the  banks  ;  all  these  are  real  and  very 
interesting  matters  of  record  and  observa- 
tion, but  are  somewhat  complex  and  far- 
fetched, and  do  not  call  forth  the  burst  of 
spontaneous  admiration.  Through  a  very 
large  part  of  our  course  along  the  Rhine, 
the  simple  and  not  very  attractive  objects 
we  see  are, — 1st.  a  muddy-coloured,  but 
broad  and  powerful  stream,  against  which 
we  are  either  struggling  and  moving 
along  with  much  labour  and  difficulty,  or 
are  hurried  on,  with  irresistible  might, 
past  the  scenes  where  perhaps  we  should 
like  to  linger ;  2ndly,  a  series  of  grey 
rocks,  rising  more  or  less  abruptly  almost 
from  the  water's  edge,  occasionally  wooded, 
but  far  more  frequently  bare,  and  only 
covered  with  the  unpicturesque  and  unva- 
rying terraces  of  vines.  There  are  parts 
of  this  course  in  which  valleys  open,  and 
a  high  or  wooded  hill  appears  behind,  from 
whence  descends  perhaps  a  rapid  moun- 
tain stream  to  meet  the  Rhine ;  but  the 
character,  for  most  of  the  way,  is  that 
simply  of  a  river  running  between  bankt ; 
high,  it  is  true,  and  often  bold  and  ca- 
vernous, but  evidently  not  aboimding  in 
those  mysteries  of  nature  which  seem  so 
cHKential  to  a  feeling  of  sublimity,  or  even 
7 


of  high  interest ;  you  feel  that  you  have  nc 
secrets  to  penetrate — the  thing  lies  befbn 
you  as  it  really  is — or,  if  for  a  while  led  t< 
suppose  there  is  more  than  meets  the  eye, 
you  land  and  scale  some  of  these  boU 
projecting  points,  your  eye  rests  for  man] 
a  mile  on  nothing  more  romantic  thai 
high  table  land,  the  browsing  grounds  d 
large  flocks  of  sheep  and  cattle, — whose  ab- 
sence, by  the  by,  from  the  landscape  Ii 
the  plains  of  Germany  is  one  of  the  trarel- 
ler^s  constant  subjects  of  wonder,  giTing  ai 
appearance  of  lifelessness  to  the  landscape 
in  strong  contrast  with  the  animation  o 
the  pastures  of  Belgium,  dotted  all  ow 
with  the  most  beautiful  cattle  I  ever  beheld 

For  my  own  part,  instead  of  tsJcing  V| 
the  strain  of  enthusiastic  admiration  ai 
those  points  generally  most  extravagmntl] 
lauded,  I  was  far  more  struck  witii  thi 
river  in  its  long  and  broad  stretaha 
through  the  plain,  backed  at  a  distana 
by  the  picturesque  hills  of  the  OdenwaU 
(particularly  by  the  remarkable  height  oi 
Melibocus),  wlule  occasional! j  the  statel] 
looking  remains  of  once  floorishing  citia 
occupied  the  foreground.  The  reaches  oi 
the  river  between  Msnbeim  and  Bfayenoe, 
and  for  some  miles  iMtween  the  lattei 
place  and  Bingen,  struck  me  particularly 
The  morning  and  the  erening  lights  and 
shadows  on  Uiis  part  of  the  river's  eouM 
the  beautiful  atmospheric  effects,  for  thi 
display  of  which  such  ample  scope  h 
allowed— the  long  peninsulas,  jutting  out 
into  the  water,  and  often  terminated  h\ 
fortresses  and  abbeys,  much  more  Btrikin| 
when  rising  firom  a  less  elevated  snrfooi 
than  when,  as  in  many  instances,  th^  UmA 
simply  like  parts  (and  small  inslgnifieanf 
parts)  of  the  loftier  rocks  on  which  the] 
stand — all  these  things  invest  these  parti- 
cular aspects  of  the  mighty  river  with  i 
charm  which  I  think  is  wanting  in  thi 
Highlands  of  the  Rhine. 

Wc  were  beyond  measure  interested  ii 
the  old  town  of  Mayence.  From  thi 
river  its  aspect  is  very  imposing.  We  hmi 
previously  been  not  a  little  struck  by  thi 
sight  of  Worms,  on  our  way  from  Man- 
heim.  Once  more  had  the  feeling  of  grin 
and  indignation  at  the  atrocities  of  wsi 
been  awakened ;  for  Worms,  too,lilce  Spi: 
cruelly  sufiered  in  the  thirty  years' 
and  like  that  city,  and  on  the  same  da] 
(May  31, 1(>89),  with  the  exception  of  thi 
cathedral  and  the  Jews'  synagogue,  wn 
reduced  to  ashes  by  the  FroMh  general 
Melac.  Its  40,006  inhabitants  are  noi 
reduced  to  8400,  of  whom  about  5000  ar 
Protestants,  2500  Cathdics,  and  the  rui 
Jews.    The  massive  cathedral^  of  hear 


1851.] 


Correspondence  of  Sylvanus  Urban. 


617 


Byzantine  architecture,  with  its  four  towers 
and  double  choir,  is  more  ornate  and  more 
])icturesque,  in  outward  appearance,  than 
that  of  Spires.  In  mere  length  the  in- 
terior exceeds  the  latter,  being  470  feet 
from  the  entrance  to  the  extremity  of  the 
choir,  but  it  is  much  narrower,  only  110 
feet ;  there  are,  however,  several  side- 
chapels,  in  some  of  which  are  to  be  seen 
highly  curious  sepulchral  stones.  Quite 
as  interesting  to  the  traveller  is  the 
Bishop's  Court,  though  its  frequent  in- 
juries and  renewal  have  of  course  much 
changed  its  original  peculiarities.  It  is 
the  place,  the  actual  spot  of  ground,  how- 
ever, on  which  that  memorable  Diet  was 
held  which  cited  Luther  to  its  bar,  and 
witnessed  his  statement  of  doctrine  and 
defence  before  the  Emperor  and  the  seven 
Electors,  and  a  host  of  other  powers. 

Anotiier  building  which  attracts  the  eye 
in  Worms  is  the  Synagogue.  No  where, 
except  in  Palestine,  does  the  Jew  appear 
so  ancient  a  citizen  as  in  Worms.  The 
Israelitish  community  claims  to  date  itself 
here  full  568  years  before  Christ,  and  that 
it  had  a  synagogue  before  his  advent  is 
thought  to  be  well  ascertained  ;  but  here 
faith  stops.  I  have  not  accepted,  nor  will 
ask  any  body  to  accept,  the  traditionary  tale 
of  this  virtuous  and  enlightened  commu- 
nity having  addressed  a  letter  to  the  King 
of  Jerusalem,  warning  him  against  the 
crime  of  the  Crucifixion.  But  it  is  cer- 
tain that  some  tradition  of  an  inward  de- 
sire to  protest  against  this  and  other 
crimes  of  their  Eastern  brethren,  did  dis- 
pose the  hearts  of  Christian  Emperors  in 
favour  of  the  Worms  Jews,  and  certain 
distinct  privileges  were  early  accorded  to 
them.  Hence  also  the  phrases,  *'  Jews 
from  Worms,  pious  Jews,"  came  to  be 
synonymous. 

Another  church,  that  of  N6tre  Dame, 
stands  on  a  hill  somewhat  apart  from  the 
town,  in  what  was  formerly  the  northern 
faubourg. 

To  return  to  Mayence.  The  broad  lake- 
like form  of  the  river,  and  the  shore,  form- 
ing a  sort  of  bay  below  the  Bridge  of 
Boats,  contributes  to  the  imposing  ap- 
pearance of  the  town — but  the  buildings 
are  in  themselves  striking.  Very  many 
houses,  standing  in  the  small  squares, 
have  a  most  picturesque  frontage,  and  the 
monuments  accumulated  in  the  cathedral 
are  numerous  and  highly  interesting.  It 
is  difficult  to  reconcile  the  incongruous 
style  of  the  various  parts  of  this  edifice, 
for,  as  it  has  been  six  times  in  a  great 
measure  destroyed  by  fire,  and  again  re- 
stored with  great  zeal  and  attempts  to 
make  it  each  time  more  perfect  than  be- 
fore, according  to  the  ideas  of  the  restorers, 
it  tells  alternately  of  the  13th,  14th,  and 

Grnt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


15th  centuries;  and,  later  still,  the  in- 
terior has  received  much  of  its  present 
form  and  adornments  from  the  hands  of 
MoUer  of  Darmstadt.  He  must  have  had 
large  materials  to  dispose  of,  for  the  bulk 
of  the  monumental  and  purely  ornamental 
figures  are  certainly  of  high  antiquity,  and 
the  whole  arrangement  gives  a  venerable 
character  to  the  building.  The  choir  re- 
sembles that  of  no  other  cathedral  with 
which  I  am  acquainted,  in  its  horseshoe 
form,  the  stalls  being  of  elaborately  carved 
oak,  very  rich  and  beautiful ;  the  length 
is  376  feet.  I  forget  the  breadth,  but  it 
gave  me  an  impression  of  very  consider- 
able width ;  and  56  pillars  support  the 
roof,  which  is  140  feet  from  the  ground. 
I  suppose  this  cathedral  would  hardly  be 
cited  as  an  example  of  beautiful  architec- 
ture, but  it  interested  me  as  a  whole  more 
than  far  more  perfect  structures, — more 
even  than  that  of  Strasburg,  the  ornate, 
the  unique.  It  would  be  difficult  to  point 
out  any  perfect  well-proportioned  part  of 
this  church  of  Mayence  ;  but  the  effect  of 
the  whole — the  piles  on  piles  of  venerable 
effigies  of  warriors,  ecclesiastics,  heroes^ 
the  cloister,  with  its  numerous  treasures 
— the  monument  to  the  Elector  Berthold, 
to  Archbishop  Conrad  2nd,  the  older  and 
newer  monuments  to  Frauenlob  the  Min- 
nesinger, and  many  old  bas-reliefs  com- 
memorating historical  events — make  a  tout 
ensemble  of  great  interest.  Not  to  be 
forgotten  at  Mayence  is  the  statue  to 
Gutenberg,  inventor  of  printing,  born  at 
Mayence  towards  the  close  of  the  14th 
century ;  the  statue  designed  by  Thor- 
waldsen,  and  cast  at  Paris.  We  had  just 
before  seen  the  monument  to  the  honour 
of  the  same  individual  at  Strasburg,  where 
first  he  practised  the  new  art.  This  is 
from  the  hand  of  David.  The  principal 
figure,  as  it  appeared  to  us,  was  superior, 
as  might  be  expected,  in  the  Mayence  tes- 
timonial, but  the  bas-reliefs  at  Strasburg 
are  very  beautiful.  They  are  designed  to 
point  out  the  beneficent  effects  of  the  art  of 
printing  on  the  inhabitants  of  all  the  four 
quarters  of  the  globe,  and  many  of  the 
figures  introduced  are  portraits  of  very 
distinguished  individuals,  as  for  instance 
in  America,  Franklin  and  Washington. 

Having  given  you  an  insight  into  my 
own  impressions  of  the  Rhine,  I  will  not 
speak  much  of  the  best  known  towns  upon 
its  banks.  I  can  add  nothing  new,  in  all 
probability,  to  what  you  have  heard  of 
architectural  progress  at  Cologne  ;  and  I 
should  vainly  attempt  to  express  the  feel- 
ings with  which  what  is  already  done  in 
the  vast  cathedral  inspired  me.  Strangers, 
however,  should  do  much  more  than  visit 
this  grand  church.  There  is  no  end  to 
the  objects  of  interest  in  Cologne,  and  it 

4  K 


I' 


618 


CotTespondence  of  SylvanuM  Urban* 


[Dec 


I 


,1 


•    ; 


is  a  city  that  has  been  far  more  traduced 
than  it  deserves  in  the  matter  of  health- 
fulness  and  cleanliness.  It  is  so  large 
(containing  90,000  inhabitants) »  and  of 
late  years  has  become  so  prosperous,  that 
there  is  no  want  of  good  modern  streets 
and  houses ;  but  as  it  happens  that,  for 
the  convenience  of  travellers,  who  gene- 
rally take  the  steamers  here,  the  best 
hotels  are  on  the  river's  bank,  and  as  the 
walk  to  the  cathedral  from  thence  takes 
them  through  the  narrow,  ill -paved,  and 
most  unsightly  of  the  old  parts  of  the  town , 
by  far  the  largest  proportion  go  away  vilify- 
ing Cologne,  and  in  utter  ignorance  of  the 
many  interesting  objects  in  the  city. 

Should  any  of  your  readers,  as  yet  per- 
sonally unacquainted  with  the  place,  de- 
sign to  visit  Cologne,  allow  me  to  recom- 
mend a  more  thorough  study  of  it.  A 
general  survey  may  best  be  taken  in  a 
carriage,  and  this  is  very  desirable ;  but 
many  of  the  churches  deserve  a  careful 
visit,  especially  that  of  St.  Gdr6on,  that 
of  the  Apostles,  and  that  of  St.  Pantaloon, 
also  St.  Marie,  in  the  Capitol ;  St.  Ursula 
is  sure  to  be  pointed  out,  and  St.  Peter's 
also,  on  account  of  its  celebrated  Rubens, 
but  this  picture  must  be  the  subject  of  very 
positive  inquiry,  otherwise  the  guides  are 
too  apt  to  impose  upon  you  a  bad  and  un- 
interesting copy.  The  museum  of  course 
should  be  seen,  also  the  Guerzcnich  (Kauf 
haus),  a  magnificent  building,  containing  a 
vast  hall,  175  feet  long,  70  feet  wide,  used 
in  the  middle  ages  on  nil  solemn  occasions, 
especially  when  the  town  of  Cologne  felted 
the  Emperors.  Now  it  is  used  for  balls 
and  concerts,  and  occasionally  for  exhibi- 
tions of  pictures.  St.  Martin's  Church, 
and  the  Jesuits'  Church,  should  not  be 
neglected  ;  and  the  fortifications  of  the 
place,  both  new  and  old,  are  well  deserving 
of  inspection. 

You  mil  not  suppose  me  uninterested 
in  the  various  legends  connected  with  any 
of  these  Rhine  towns,  or  in  those  attached 
to  the  ruined  castles  on  the  heights  above 
the  river.  Of  course  a  great  part  of  the 
charm  of  the  journey  and  voyage  is  derived 
from  them,  but  I  was  on  the  whole  more 
captivated  by  the  legends  of  the  Black 
Forest.  At  Baden  Baden,  at  (lernsbach, 
but  more  especially  at  Freyburg  (in  Bres- 
gau),  you  are  in  a  land  of  romance — not 
disenchanted  by  any  process  of  modem 
refinement,  so  primitive  are  the  dresses 
and  dwellings  of  the  peasantry.  The  pre- 
valence of  Catholicism  gives  interest  too 
to  the  churches,  and  fills  the  landscape 
on  every  market  day  with  the  sight  of 
a  people  doing  in  earnest  and  good  faith 
what  is  set  down  for  them  to  do, — 
whether  it  be  a  work  of  cheerful  or  of 
solemn  service. 


By  all  means,  in  conclusion,  let  n 
recommend  to  any  next  summer's  tiHTeli 
who  may  not  design  a  more  proloogi 
excursion, — to  allow  himself  some  days  i 
least  at  Freyburg.  It  is  truly  a  charmii 
town.  In  soil,  in  position,  in  the  chanM 
ter  of  its  scenery,  and  in  the  general  a| 
pearancc  of  its  dwellings,  It  seemed  to  n 
marked  out  as  one  of  the  healthiest  ai 
pleasantest  residences  in  Ghermany.  I 
beautiful  cathedral,  with  a  choir  only  ii 
ferior  to  that  of  Cologne,  is  in  itadf 
centre  of  attraction ;  but  it  has  man 
more  than  this,  and,  thongh  it  Is  tme  tbj 
it  does  not  boast  any  large  number  ( 
ancient  public  buildings,  there  is  no  loc 
of  modem  uniformity  about  it,  and  tl 
older  edifices  stand  out  prominently  an 
picturesquely.  Thus  in  the  principi 
street  is  a  fine  old  fountain,  and  anom 
of  more  recent  date,  both  of  striking  a| 
pearance  ;  and  in  the  precincts  of  the  ci 
thedral  is  a  curious  town  hall  of  tl 
fifteenth  century,  on  whose  firont  are  plaec 
the  statues  of  Maximilian  the  Flrsi 
Philip  the  First  his  son,  Charles  the  FifU 
and  Maximilian  the  Second,  while  an  in 
scription  indicates  that  this  market  c 
town  hall  was  repaired  and  restored  i 
1814,  when  the  Emperors  ot  Rossla  mm 
Austria  and  the  King  of  Prussia  Tiatto 
Freyburg.  After  all  its  Tsrying  Ibrtanei 
taken  and  retaken  by  French  and  Auitrian 
six  times  during  the  thirty  years*  war,  Frey 
burg  since  1806  has  been  subject  to  to 
Dukes  of  Baden,  and  is  in  fact  the  archi 
episcopal  see  of  the  whole  Duchy,  holdittj 
under  its  ecclesiastical  rule  Rottenbntg 
Mayence,  Fulda,  and  Limbourg.  Froi 
all  parts  of  the  town  are  seen  the  pictu 
esque  heights  of  the  Schlossberg,  riaia( 
just  behind  it,  and  commaodinr  viewe  a 
great  extent  and  beauty.  Here  ue  height 
of  the  Black  Forest  are  traced  oat  far  am 
wide,  while  the  distant  Vosges  and  fb 
winding  Rhine,  the  objects  of  oar  Interci 
for  so  many  weeks,  lie  before  oi  on  tb 
East.  Curiosity  however  is  much  mor 
constantly  directed  to  the  Black  Forest 
You  want  to  mount  its  highest  point,  tb 
Felborg,  4  COO  feet  above  the  le^el  oftb 
sea,  and  you  long  to  enter,  and  yon  mai 
easily  do  so,  the  dark  and  grand  defile  c! 
the  Hallenthal  (Valley  of  Hell),  throngi 
which  Moreau  retreated  in  1796  beftm 
the  Archduke  Charles.  The  high  roai 
to  SchafThausen  passes  throngh  this  awlb] 
chasm,  between  heights  of  the  grandeg 
and  most  solemn  character. 

Tlie  chalets,  the  tinkling  cow-bella,  thi 
flocks  and  herds  led  up  to  pasture  on  tlM 
high  mountains,  the  costume  of  the  women 
gaudy  in  colouring  but  ugly  in  make,  tb 
hardy  weather-beaten  faces,  and,  alaa  I  toi 
often  the  disfiguring  poffr#,  eatirely  oor 


Itfjl.] 


C'urr*ii}iundtnB4  of-^  Siflvunuit  Urban. 


respond  witU  Our  iiiiprwriona  of  aoraoof 
the  Shim  oatODS,  uid  it  U  diScuU  not 
to  believe  that  Getmanjf  is  left  beliind, 
and  ifaat  wii  have  reachad  u  lasd  of  alill 

been  uaured  tbat  cnrelf  Id  SnitEerluid 
iUelf  ciu  QoiT  be  niCneswd  manneri  and 
cottumea  fo  dccidedlj  thuaa  of  ancient 
time,  aa  here  in  tbis  border  tanil.  It  may 
be  so  ;  or  it  ma;  merely  have  been  uttered 
The  Dukbdoh 
Nov.  IS. 

Mr.  Ukban,— The  title  of  Prinoe 
Frederick  Lonis  to  the  Dukedom  of  Gloa- 
ceater,  adverted  to  by  your  oorreapondent 
Hr.  J.  G.  Nichola  in  tbe  kat  number  of 
your  Magaiioe,  came  under  oiy  coeGidcru- 
tlon  gome  time  aiuce,  in  cooueiiori  with 
other  matters  toacbing  the  Koyal  Family. 
Dukes  nf  Glaucttler  tiitce  the 

Prince  Henry,  fourth  ton  of  King 
Cbarlea  1.  wsa  born  at  Oallundi  Id  Sur. 
ny,  8JDly.  1G40,  and  baptiied  iiind  of 
the  aime  moath.  Kejiin,  in  hia  Help  to 
Engliah  Hiatary  (|iubli«lied  under  the 
name  of  Hall],  atntes,  "  he  »ua  by  Lis 
royal  father  deulared  Duke  oF  Glouceater, 
and  10  now  entiluled,  an.  Ib*4l>  but  not 
yet  created  ;  "  and  in  the  ediliou  of  l<i7l 
wyi,  "  but  not  crealed  till  aflerwatJa."  * 

la  Wulkley'*  CuUlogoe  of  the  Dukea, 
Marqueaiea,  tic.  published  iu  1642,  he  ia 
'  atjied  the  High  and  Mighty  Prince  Henry 
Duke  of  Gloocoler.t  In  16^3  he  waa 
nominated  a  Knight  of  the  Qarter  aa 
Duke  of  Ghiacealer,  and  inicated  nith 
the  enaigni  of  the  order  at  tlie  Hague. 
Sondfoid  alatea  that  he  vra*  adranced  to 
the  dignitiea  of  Duke  of  Gloocciter  and 
Earlof  CatnbriJge  by  lettera  patent  bearing 
date  the  13th  May,  11  Kiug  Charlea  II., 
•nno  I6li9;l  and  he  i<  followed  in  this 
data  of  the  creation  by  moat  aobaequent 
writers.  The  creation  probably  took  placo 
at  Bmaaeli,  Breda,  or  the  Hague,  whore 
hia  brother  the  King  waa  chicSy  during 
tbat  year.  It  ia  certain  that  no  eiiroimeat 
of  the  patent  ia  to  be  fomid  in  England. 
He  accompanied  the  King  oo  hia  retora 
to  hi*  dominions,  and  landed  at  Dorer 
2aMBy,lG60.  On  the  31tt  May  he  and  bit 
brother  ibe  Duke  of  tork  took  their  leali 
in  the  Houae  of  Lords  on  the  left-hand 
aide  of  the  Cloth  of  Eitato ;  hat  from  the 
Lorils'  JiiuriiHls  of  the  day  it  does  not 
appear  that  aay  formal  introduction  took 
place,  nor  were  any  patcnta  produced. 
The  Uuke  of  Gloueealcr  died  unmarried 


G19 

ai  a  aomforting  asturauCB  to  those  com- 
pelled to  atop  short  of  a  detired  poiut. 
I  ant  in  no  condition  to  Beltls  the  i)Uo(- 
tiooi — but  I  lake  my  leave  here  at  my 
furthest  point  from  liome,  not  at  aU  con- 
Dcmod  to  knan  that  abundance  uf  beauty 
lies  beyond,  but  heartily  timnkful  for  ths 
portion  ne  have  been  allovred  to  behold. 
Yours,  io.  T. 


I  send  you  my  notes  loadeupnn  the  ucca- 
dun,  for  the  ioformitiou  of  those  who 
may  be  interested  in  the  descent  of  dig- 
nitiea,  sod  more  especially  those  who  in- 
yeitigate  the  titles  granted  to  or  vested  in 
membera  uf  the  Royal  Family. 

Yours,  &c,      C.  G.  Y.  G, 


«/ lAe  House '1^  Slaarl. 
13  Sept.  lliGO,  aged  20  yeara  and  two 
moaths,  ao  that  he  was  not  of  full  ags 
when  be  sat  in  Parliament.  In  bis  Depo- 
situm  be  is  styled  Duke  of  Gloucester 
and  Earl  of  Cambridge. 

The  Dcit  personage  upon  nhom  the 
title  of  Duke  of  Gloucester  naa  conferred 
was  Prince  William  (son  of  the  t'rince 
George  of  Denmark  by  the  Princess  Anne), 
who  was  nomioated  by  King  William  111. 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  but  no  actual  crea- 
tion by  patent  ever  took  place.  Ou  the 
6  Jauuary.  1695-6.  the  Prince  was  in  ■ 
Cbapler  of  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  held 
at  Kensington,  knighted,  dented  by  the 
title  of  Duke  of  Qtoncester,  and  inveated 
with  the  oanal  ceremony.  Whereupon 
the  King  issued  his  royal  warrant  to  ths 
Register  and  Gartrr,{  signifying  that, 
whereaa  his  nephew,  by  him  nominated 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  thou^  never  an 
created,  had  been  elected  by  the  aaid 
name  of  Duke  of  Gloucester,  he  ahonld 
however  be  inaerted  in  the  Regiatsr,  and 
inalalled  with  this  inscription  cograTtd 
upon  his  plate  i — '*  William  son  of  tk« 
Princess  Anno  hy  George  Prinoe  of  Deo- 
msrk  ;  "  and  ha  waa  installed  in  coafor- 
mity  with  auch  directions,  2i  July.  Ili96. 
He  continued  tp  bs  ealled  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester till  his  death  in  July  1700,  ■hen 
be  was  bBricd  in  WcitmiDater  Abbey,  tha 
atyte  Duke  of  Gloucester  being  engraved 
on  his  Depositum,  and  pronounced  oi  ~~ 
his  grove.  II 

The  title  of  Duke  uf  Gloucester  ii 
attributed  to  Priikce  Frederick- Letvi a 
of  George  Prince  of  Wales,  and  graada 


•  Lond.  12mo.  lUtl— 1671 
I  Geneah>g.  Hist.  p.  HOI. 
IJ  US.  I.  i.  Coil.  Arms. 


Ill 


6l>0 


Correspondence  of  Siflvanus  Urban* 


[Dec. 


.  I 


1/1 


I  : 

■  .1 

!  I 

.1  ■ 


of  King  George  1.;  and,  although  in  error, 
not  without  some  foundation,  as  in  the 
London  Gazette  of  11  January  1717-lB,  it 
was  announced  under  date  of  the  10th  that 
liis  Majesty  had  been  pleased  to  give 
direction  for  a  patent  to  be  passed  the 
Great  Seal  of  Great  Britain  to  create  His 
Highness  Prince  Frederick,  eldest  son  of 
His  Royal  Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales, 
Duke  of  Gloucester. 

His  Highness  was  thereupon  styled 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  in  some  printed  works, 
and  continued  to  be  so  for  some  years. 

In  the  British  Compendium,  or  a  Par- 
ticular Account  of  all  the  nobility,  &c. 
(2nd  edition  correxited),  1719,  under  the 
Royal  Family,  the  compiler,  speaking  of 
the  Electoral  Prince  of  Hanover  (then 
Prince  of  Wales),  says,  "  He  has  issue  now 
living  one  son  and  three  daughters,  viz. — 
Frederick  Lewis,  born  19  January,  170G-7, 
who  is  a  Knight  of  the  Garter  and  Duke 
of  Gloucester,  created  Duke  10  January, 
1717-18;  'i.  Anne;  3.  Amelia  Sophia  Elea- 
nora  ;  4.  EHznbeth  Caroline;"  and  adds, 
'*  His  Highness  had  another  son,  George 
William,  born  at  St.  James's,  •  Nov.  1717: 
dyed  (i  Feb.  following." 

The  same  statement  is  repeated  in  the 
second  part  of  the  Compendium  (for  Scot- 
land) published  in  1720,  and  again  in  the 
4th  edition  of  the  Com])endium,  1721. 

The  ])atent  however  was  not  ])iocecded 
with,  nor  does  even  a  warrant  for  the 
preparation  of  letters  patent  ii]>pe.'ir  in 
the  Secretary  of  State's  Office,  whence 
it  would  issue,  and  no  patent  is  enrolled, 
tliough  it  is  evident  an  intention  existed  of 
creating  the  prince  Duke  of  Gloucester; 
but  in  172G,  when  he  was  created  a  Duke, 
the  idea  was  abandoned,  and  that  of  Edin- 
burgh substituted,  as  will  appear  from 
what  follows. 

Tlic  Prince  was  bom  at  Hanover  in 
January,  170C,  his  father  (then  the  Elec- 
toral Prince  of  Hanover)  being  Duke  of 
Cambridge.  On  the  3rd  July,  171G,  he 
was  elected  a  Knight  of  the  Garter,  and 
in  Garter's  Register  he  is  styled  **  HLs 
Royal  Highness  Frederic  Prince  of  Bruns- 
wick the  King's  Grandson."  At  the 
same  time  the  King's  brother,  Ernett 
Augustus  Duke  of  York,  Bishop  of  Osna- 
burg,  was  circled.  On  the2Uh  Decem- 
ber following,  they  were  knighted  and 
invested  by  the  sovereign  at  Hanover,  and 


on  the  30th  April,  17 18,  they  were  ia- 
Btalled  by  proxy  at  Windsor.  On  the 
Garter  plate  contuning  the  titles  of  Prince 
Frederic  he  is  ity led  Prince  Frederic  Lewii 
of  Brunswick- Lunenburg,  son  of  His  Rojd 
Highness  the  Prince  of  Wales  aiid  Grand- 
son of  His  Majesty  George  King  of  Greal 
Britain.  The  King's  brother  is  styled 
Duke  of  York,  Bishop  of  Osnabnrg  ;  and 
had  Prince  Frederick  been  Duke  of  Gloa< 
cester  that  title  would  not  have  beei 
omitted. 

The  plate  of  his  grandfather  the  Elec< 
toral  Prince  of  Hanover,  installed  in  1710 
has  his  titles  of  Dake  and  Marquess  oi 
Cambridge,  fcc. 

On  the  17th  July,  1726,  Prince  Pre. 
derick  was  created  Baron  of  Snandon,  ¥!» 
count  Launceston,  Earl  of  Eltham  ii 
Kent,  Marquess  of  the  Isle  of  Ely,  and 
Duke  of  Edinburgh,  when  he  was  styled 
in  the  patent "  His  Royal  Highness  Princi 
Frederic,  eldest  son  of  His  Royal  Highnesi 
George  Prince  of  Wales,*'  and  he  appean 
in  the  Roll  of  the  next  Parliament  ai 
Duke  of  Edinburgh  i  but  in  no  Roll  be< 
tween  1717  and  1726  does  any  DukM  % 
Gloucester  appear. 

He  was  created  Prince  of  Wales  in  1728 
being  styled  only  in  the  patent  His  Roja] 
Highness  Prince  Frederick,  eldest  son  of 
His  Most  Sacred  Majesty  King  Geor|^  the 
Second,  though  he  was  then  undonbtedl] 
Duke  of  Edinburgh.  He  died  20  Mareh, 
1750-1,  and  the  title  of  Duke  of  Glou< 
cester  is  not  among  the  titles  engrsTed  on 
his  Depositum  or  those  pronounced  ovei 
his  grave.  The  dignities  granted  by  thi 
patent  of  17!^C  devolved,  on  his  death,  upon 
his  son  and  heir  George,  created  Prinei 
of  Wales,  21  Oct.  1751,  by  patent,  where- 
in the  dignities  granted  to  his  father  in 
1726  arc  given  to  him;  bat  no  title  ol 
Duke  of  Gloucester  occurs.  Hiey  mer^gedl 
in  the  Crown  upon  his  accession  thereta 
in  1760. 

On  l.()  Nov.  1764,  King  George  III.  b^ 
letters  patent  conferred  the  title  of  Duke  ol 
Gloucester  and  Edinburgh  of  the  United 
Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  upon  hii 
younger  brother  Prince  William  Heniy, 
who  died  in  1805,  leaving  an.  only  son, 
Prince  William  Frederick  Dake  of  GUm- 
cester  and  Edinburgh,  who  died  in  1834, 
when  those  dignities  became  extinct. 

C.  G.  Y.  O. 


Thk  Princk  of  Wales's  Plume. 


Bayons  Manor,  near  Market 
Kasen,  Nuv,  17,  ISol. 
Mr.  Urban, — I  observe  that  in  a  re- 
view (»f  my  little  poem  *'  ICu.-lace  "  at  j). 
/)27  of  your  Mngazinc  for  ihis  month  of 
Novemi>er,  I  am  supposed  to  have  mis- 
represented, in  an  historical  note  to  the 


2nd  Canto,  Sir  Harris  Nicolas's  opinioi 
on  the  subject  of  the  Prince  of  Walea'i 
l)lume. 

In  that  note  I  distinctly  referred  to  i 
I'aper  contributed  by  Sir  Harris  Nicolai 
in  1817  to  the  Archaeologia,  vol.  »w»i<  p 
33'.?,  but    the    reviewer  by  some  iaM< 


1851.] 


Correspondenee  af  Sylvanui  Urban- 


verUncy  bu  onutted  tbls  reference,  uid 
fouQiled  his  obserTatioas  exclusiiely  apaa 
a  previaua  memoir  written  by  that  emineiit 
antiquary  in  184G,  lol.  mi.  p.  SiS. 

In  tbe  paper  of  IS47  Sir  H.  Nicoki  iii- 
gennoualj  acknontednei  his  miatake,  when 
in  1846  he  sUted  that  there  was  "  Uo 
contemporary  autboritj  (or  tbe  popular 
idea  that  Oilrich  feathers  were  derived 
from  the  creat  of  the  King  of  Bohemia 
who  was  Blain  at  Cricy,  and  that  it  coalJ 
not  be  traced  to  an  earlier  writer  than 
Camden."  He  then  cites  and  ackoOK- 
ledgei  the  aulheaticity  of  a  pasiage  et- 
tracled  from  a  MS.  by  John  de  Ardera. 
a  celebrated  physician  in  attendance  npoii 
all  the  eminent  peraons  at  the  court  of 
Edward  111.  This  passage  (to  which  1 
referred  iu  tbe  note  qnestiaoed  bj  the  re- 
viewer), relates  to  a  feather  depicted  by 
Ardem  in  the  margin  of  each  of  the 
■everal  copies  of  his  MS.  found  in  tbe 
British  MuBcum.  [Sloane  Coll.  76,  to. 
CI ;  56,  fa.  71  ;  33^,  fo.  67.]  It  run*  as 
followa: — "Et  noti  qnod  tajem  penniin 
albam  portabat  Edwardus  primogenitus 
lilius  Edwardi  Regis  Angliee  luptr  erulom 
tMam,  et  illam  penuam  cooqnisiiit  de 
Rege  Boemis  quern  interfecit  spud  CreSse 
in  Fraacit ;  et  sic  assumpsit  sibi  ilUni 
pennem  quB  didtnr  oilrich  Jilher,  qneni 
prius  dictus  Rei  oobilissimus  portabat 
tuper  creilam." 

This  authorily  proves  that  the  pinne 
did  take  its  or>;tn  (contrary  to  tbe  sup- 
position of  Sir  H.  Nicobu  in  IM6)  from 
the  battle  of  Cr^y,  where  the  King  of 
Bohemia  bore  an  Ostrich  feather  at  Hit 
cretl,  and  that  the  Black  Prince,  baring 
tliere  taken  it  from  that  soiereign,  bail 
subsequently  borne  it  himself,  u  a  erul. 
I  conceited,  as  mf  note  intimates,  that 
the  lung-eiisliog  doubt  and  cODlroverBf 
discuaaed  by  Sir  II.  Nicolas  as  to  tbe 
origin  of  the  plume  was  thus  set  at  rMt. 
This  was  the  point  nhich  he  stated  as  the 
object  of  hia  memoir  in  1816  (p.  332), 
and  not  that  auppoaed  by  the  reviewer, 
viz.  that  one  feather  had  formed  the  royal 
badge  until  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.  In 
tbe  disquisition  of  1946  Sir  Uarria,  in- 
deed, seta  forth  authorities  to  shew  that 
up  <o  that  reign  one,  two,  and  tbrve 
feathers  liad  been  used  by  the  royal  family 
at  different  times  and  In  various  w^s, 
but  if  lie  ialended  more,  his  paper  ia,  in 
that  respect,  unsatisfactory.  I  think  it 
very  donblfdl  whether  the  AiiiJvpliinH  was 
borne  as  a  ertit  by  the  Black  ninoe,  atid 
I  did  not  so  state  it  in  my  nota,  but 
otil;  as  a  beariiif.  It  aaems  clear  that  bis 
badge  of  "  ostrich  feathers  "  consisted  of 
thret.  In  hia  will  "  osbicb  featben  " 
as  a  beating,  and  bis  "  iadgt  of  ostrich 


621 

feathers  "  i" plumea  il'otlfuct  ")  are  nni- 
fonnly  in  the  plural ;  and  on  hia  tomb 
(decorated  in  conformity  with  bin  lesta- 
mentarji  directions),  Ihree  feathers  are  in 
every  caae  eihibit«l  as  tbe  device.  (See 
Arch.  xxii.  p.  257.)  Moreover,  at  the 
conclotion  of  his  paper  in  1847,  Sir  H. 
Nicolas  gires  the  authority  of  a  charter  in 
1362,  illuminated  viitli  the  Black  Prince's 
Drmarial  enaignii  amongst  which  is  a 
sable  ahield  charged  with  fAree  ostrich 
feathera. 

Camden,  in  liia  lUmaini,  (Bdit.  IGU, 
p.  314,)  and  Sandford  (Geteal.  p.  IS!), 
Esy  that  Ihe  Black  Prince  sometimes  used 
one — sometimes  liree  feathers,  and  both 
Etatc  their  origin  to  have  been  the  battle 
of  CrAry,  where  thej  were  won  by  him 
from  the  King  of  Bohemia.  SirU. Nicolas 
in  1816  regrets  that  Camden  did  not  ci(v 
his  authority  for  so  posilive  an  oaatrlion  j 
but  that  aaiertion  as  to  the  origin  ottbo 
bearing  is  now  justified  by  the  eitraot 
from  Ardern's  MS, 

Although  I  did  not  in  mj  note  state 
the  plume  to  be  a  crtil,  I  have  done  so  in 
the  test  of  the  poem.  inBuenced  by  the 
combined  authorities  of  Camden  and  Ar- 
dem, and  if  unduly  so  inAueaced,  1  mast 
pleud  the  license  allowed  in  poetical 
Gompoailion. 

It  is  very  probable,  as  Sir  H,  Nicolas, 
even  in  1S4T,  stiU  Bariaises,  that  there 
waa  some  pretence  for  the  bearing  of  ostrich 
feathers  by  the  family  of  Edward  111.  in- 
dependently of  tbe  battle  of  Cr*oy  ;  hut  it 
ia  clear  rhnt  the  Dlsck  Prince  adopted  a 
bearing  of  one  or  more  aa  peculiar  to  him- 
aeir  from  that  period.  It  is  staled  by  Sir 
H.  Nicolas  iu  IHie  that  an  Ostrich  ap- 
pears to  have  been  a  badge  of  (bo  House 
of  Lniemburg.  John  king  of  Bohemia 
was  the  licud  of  that  houae,  and  in  his  seal 
given  in  Arch.  vol.  mi.  p.  3i9,  the  crest 
seem9  (o  me  lo  be  composed  ralber  of 
ostrich  feathers  than  of  Tolturea'  wings,  as 
imagined  by  tbe  retiener,  upon  the  au- 
thority, I  suppose,  af  a  Flemish  poQUt 
—  -"   -    ■""  of  the  eame  volane. 


1 


Ardcn 


)MS.  i 


tbe  king  at  Cr^cy ; 
ana  it  la  icmariianiB  thst  prior  lo  that 
battle  (iicre  ia  no  trace  of  ostrich  feathers 
as  a  royul  armorial  ensign,  or  of  Ihe  motCo 
"  lea  Disk,"'  with  regard  to  which  I 
oflered  no  remark  in  my  note,  although  it 
is  adverted  to  by  tbe  reviewer  as  if  I  had 

As  I  returned  from  thocontinenl  on  the 
12th  instant,  and  the  review  of"  Eustace  " 
in  your  Magaiina  only  met  luy  eye  three 
days  ago,  il  has  been  amongst  several  im- 
mediate and  pressing  engnijenienls  that  I 
have  thrown  together  these  obsermlions, 


fl 


CurvetpoHdence  of'  Syletmm  Urban. 

ghauld  lose  the  appor- 
tun'itj  of  inserting  them  in  your  publica- 
tion on  the  Ut  December.  Tnisting 
that,  notvi'lthstauiling  its  Ucficirjicies,  my 

^     .  io  not  entirely  concur  with  Mr.  U 
tbe  preient  will  shortly  «ri<e  for  going   ii 

proted  respecting  the  Prince  of  Wales's  plume.  The  note  to  "Eustace" 
scorccly  nrlttcn  with  nil  the  care  that  at  another  time,  and  under  other  circamituice 
Mr.  1)  Eyncourt's  known  aDtiquarinn  taate  and  knowledge  would  have  bestowed  npc 
it ;  but  the  melancholy  incidents  on  which  the  poem  was  founded  must  Ciclte  tD*r>n 
the  author  the  curdial  sympathy  of  every  one  who  becouiea  acqtlalDted  with  thenii  U 
we  desire  not  to  disturb  that  feeling  bj  making  such  an  affecting  memorial  of  •  TM 
sad  bereavement,  a  mere  tait  fur  an  antiquarian  discussioD. — Ed.] 

TiiK  Edis'huhch  Rbvif.w  and  Duuurshot. 

Voi-k,  IJ(A  Navembtr,  1851.  of  terror.     Originally  a  monk,  Kud  tm 

Mu.  Uhhan, — In  the  lately  published  then  noted  for  hii   misconduct,   lika  ■ 

Edinburgh  Review  (No.  10^),  and  in  the  those  ajiostates,  he  gradually  lank  Into  tt 

article  "  On  Mi rnJieau's  Correspondence,"  abyss  of  depravity,  in  order  to  prova  hi 

wc  find,  in  reference  to  Oie  "  Tactici  pro-  utter  abnegation  of  hii  earl;  pmfaMloi 

posed  for  adoption  by  the  Court,"  at  page  On   the   death  of  Robeipierre,   howava 

-llil,  under  the  circumstances  there  con-  liii  enormities  met  their  retiibntioD,  i 

templatcd,t1ie  ensuing  Hues  i  "To  obtain  far  at  least  as  legal  justice  could  reach  >n 

influence  over  the  National  Assembly,  he  arcnge    them,  by  his   candenaMilMi  t 

(Mirabeau)  proposes  a  committee  of  twelve  death,  with  other    ml*cre*DU,   in   Jna 

deputies,    iiiinnay,    I'abbi5    Montesiiuiou,  1795 ;  but  he  anticipated  tba  OMOatloa  t 

for  (ho  cote  Droit,  Clermont  Tunnerre,  his  aenteuce,  by  poignardisf  himMlf.  n 

d'Andri',  Duquesnoy,  I'cvl^qus  d'Autun,  elaimingwilh  his  expiring  biMtfa,  ' 

&c.     DuqueBnoy  was  considered  the  best  la  mpublique."   A  native  of  Boatrit 

channel  of  communicution   between  the  celebrated  for    the    deciiiva   victory   o 

twelve  deputies  and  tlie  Minister  Conite  Philippe  Aoguste  in  1214,  ha  Tepreaeatsi 

de  Montmorin."  in  the  Convention  the  "  departemEnt  dl 

To  this  recital  the  Iteviewer  aubjoitis  Pag  de  Calais,"  and,  at  bii  dwxaie,  wi 

the  following  note,  at  page  4(i3  ;  in  his  forty-ninth  year. 

"  Duquesnoy  heconie    Hubsequently  a  Adrin  Duquesnoy  wat  a  partjaaa  o 

violent  Terrorist :  was  on  the  cessation  of  Lafayette,  but  bis  ravalntionaT7  leal  w) 

the  Reign  of  Terror  brought  to  trial  and  liaving  kept  pace  with  iti  nnfoloacy  pn 

condemned;  he  put  himself  to  death  on  gresi  in  the  Convention,  ha   andco'irei 

his  way  to  the  seaflbld.     He  must  be  the  two  imprison  men  ti,  and  finally  o«ed  bi 

Dui|.  .  .  one  of  the  several   bribed  de-  safety  to  the  overthrow  of  Robatpiatn 

pulicB  of  whose  visits  M.  Moutmurin  was  Uc  had  been  first  arTEiteJ  on  tba  cbaii 

so  much  ashamed.     {Minairti  dt  Malltt  nf  having,  with  Mirabean  and  otheia,  bfw 

du  Pan,  vol.  i,  f.  23.)''  bribed  by  the  Court,  a  charge  apparontl; 

Still  bearing  in  no  indistinct  rcvollec-  confirmed  by  the  papers  found  in  the  rayi 

tion,  notwithstanding  Ibu  tong-el.ipsed  in-  iron  aafe  (armoire  de  fer)  which  ilisrlcntl 

terval,  the  persons  and  facts  of  the  period,  the  names  of  so  many  who  had  tboabcfnm 

it  at  once  struck  me  that,  in  respect  to  the  secret  agents  of  royalty.    TluNi|ht)Hi 

Duquesnoy,  the  reviewer  knew  not  that  acquitted,  the  fact  was  little  donbtMl,  aw 

there  were  then  two  of  the  name,  and  that  will  aobwer  the  reviewer's  quectioa  on  tb 

he  assigned  to  one  the  conduct  and  fate  subject,  lie  survived  to  1808,  nflcrhaTlq 

of  the  other,  aa  a  reference  to  the  cou-  served  in  various  capacitiea  ondor  tha  n 

temporary  memoirs  will  confirm.    Adrim  public  and  empire. 

Duquesnoy,  the  individual  here  alluded  to,  This  matter  may  appear,  I  fael,  to  Iwfi 

a  native  and  advocate  of  Lorraine,  was  a  been  carried  much  further  than  it  intris 

deputy  in  the  National  Assembly   from  sically  was  entitled  to,  but  an  mor  la  ■nd 

Bar  le  Due  (Haute  Marne),  and,  though  a  review  is  always  of  GODBequaaea.    aw 

deeply  impressed  with  the  revolutionary  the  article  isamostintercstingons,  SoiM 

principles  of  the  day,  was  guilty  of  no  additional  observations  on  the  anfaiaet  a 

crime  in  their  support ;   while  his  name-  large  occur  to  my  memory  ;  but  I  oiaa 

sake  (E.  ii.),  a  deputy  tu  the  succeeding,  not  indulge  in  them,  except  to  aajr  tkat  ] 

or,  OB  it  was  distinguished,  the  Lcgiilativa  do  not  believe  in  Miraboan'a  power,  faai 

Assembly,   became  stained   with  a  par-  be  lived,  to  arrest  the  impnlas  o(  tha  i« 

ticipation  in  all  the  misdeeds  of  the  reign  volution,  bearing  in  ftill  reuMi ' 


Coifeipondenci  ofSj/lvanw  Urban. 


ilu  Pan. 

A  frw  typognphlcal  miitikeg  demsDiI 
correction.  Thu«,  M.  MaloMt  (page  43t) 
ia  several  llmei  mifcaUnl  Molonet ;  M.  de 
Montesquiou  is  iiamcd  Montesquion,  (the 
General  who    caved  hil   life   In  1793  by 

Mea> 
Mb.  Ubban,— Mt.  C.  H.  Coopsr,  in 

adopting  (p.  51G)  Iha  oonoloeioii  thBt  a 
Whiffler  KI19  B  piper,  tod  a  Whiffle 
"n  pipe  or  imall  flute,"  aeems  to  hare 
relied  upon  the  dictianarj-niBkers,  by 
whom  in  turn  the  comineotutora  have  been 


Miege,  Fhillipi,  Bailej,  and  HBlliwell. 
The  first  cditioD  of-Miege's  Preach  dic- 
tionary waa  in  1677.  Phlllipa'g  "New 
World  of  Words  "  was  publuhed  lome 
yean  earlier ;  bat  if  we  go  back  Co  hia 
tint  edition  iu  16.S7,  even  that  ii  coiuid«r- 
ably  below  the  dateof  moitof  Iheelamplea 
in  which  the  term  Whiffler  occurs  in  car- 

t  have  perused  n!tli  conaideratlon  all 
the  examples  Trom  old  aatbora  given  bj 
Mr.  Archdeacon  Nares  in  Lis  Glossary : 
irober,  and  not  one  of 


623 

fltgbt  i)  and  at  pagf  4G4,  I  find  M.  da 
Terre  in  place  of  dn  Tertro,  wlio,  in  Nov. 
1790,  succeeded  the  Arehbiafaop  of  Bor- 
deaux (Champion  de  CicJ,)  as  miDrster  of 
state,  and  was  subbequently  executed  with 
Bamave  iti  Not.  llm.  But  I  must  stop, 
and  aubscrtbe  tuyeelf, 

Yaars,  &c.        Jaue^  Roche. 

eWobdWbiffleb. 


:eka 


alius 


sicBl  performance. 

The  paasage  n'hich  Mr.  Cooper  has 
quoted  from  one  of  the  poems  mtula  upon 
the  visit  of  King  James  the  First  to  Cam- 
bridge Id  the  yesr  1614-lS  is  at  first 
sight  more  favourable  to  his  view: 
Oilbrd  had  mai  camcdlcg,  bat  nut  lucH  I<odC' 

For  Camlirldini  lilshups  wliUllen  had,  anil  pnwh- 

an  (or  Ihslr  actors. 
The  association  of  aclors  and  pinerf,  or 
musicians,  seems  nstural  enODgh ;  and 
this  line,  wc  tind,  was  so  understood  hy 
Mr.  J.  S.  Hawkins  the  editor  of  Igno- 
ramus,  and  also  by  Mr.  Nichols  in  his 
Progresses  of  King  James  the  First.  But 
on  further  consideration  it  will  be  ^ler- 
ceiTed  tliat  lueh  a  conclusion  is  inad- 
missible, and  indeed  absard. 

It  ia  true  that  Richard  CDrb«t  (after- 
ward Bishnp  of  Norwich)  siagi  in  his 
'■  Grave  PoBro,"  written  in  ridioole  of  tb* 
Cambridge  reception  of  the  King,  that — 

Their  IMnri  bad  inalry  fftare  vlw  hrlnn, 

A  perfKt  DLoccH  of  Hdrn 


Uponlh 


urUglilDrHiiall. 
t  ae  cnorge  oi  Bome  waa  prMoraJ- 
Tlie  last  allusion  ia  to  a  Latin  pastoral 


other  plays  were  produced  for  the  King's 
entertunment  1  namely.  ^Emilia,  by  Mr. 
Cecil),  of  St.  John's  college  ;  the  cele- 
brated Ignoramus,  by  George  Ruggle, 
Fellow  of  Clare  halii  and  Albumaiar,  an 
English  comedy,  b^  Mr.  Tamkis,  of 
Triuity  college.  A  lut  of  the  performert 
in  Ignoramus  is  preserved.  Among  then 
were  John  Towers,  sfterwards  bishop  of 
Peterburough  1  Iiaao  Bargrav(i,afCsrward« 
dean  of  Canterbury;  Richard  Love,  after- 
warda  dean  of  Ely  ;  and  Edmund  Mason, 
aftervrirda  dean  of  Salisbury.  Of  these 
Maaon  was  probably  already  a  "  preacher  " 
at  the  time  of  the  petforraance  of  Ig- 
noramus; but  the  others  were  quite  young 
men.  And  though  among  the  actors  thers 
may  have  been  two  or  three  in  holy  order^  J 
certainty  not  one  of  them  was  a  doctr 
divinity. 

The  performers  in  the  other  plays  txt  ' 
not  upon   record ;    but   assuredly  there 
was  none  of  higher  ecoleaisstica)  dignity 
than   has    been   already   mentioned;  for 
Mr.    Chamberlain''    especially    remsrka, 
with  referenoe  to  the  king's  wish  to  sea 
Ignoramus  and  another  of  the  ulsys  r»-    1 
peated  at  oonrt,  that  such  a  moUon  "  nST  ■ 
be  a  difficult  thing  to  persnado  some  mM 
them,  being  yrtacheri  and  bachilori  ^W 
divinily,  to  be  comic  players  anywhere  bitt  W 
in  the  university,  which  was  incangruit*  J 
enough,  and  whereby  the  Oxford  men  took  1 
just  exception."  I 

There  waa  certainly,  then,  no  bishop  1 
among  the  actors, — nnless  jionslhly  ons  J 
named  Bishop,  which  may  have  furniihed  1 
a  quibbling  allusion  to  Corbet'a  "  Grm  •■ 
Poem."  There  waa,  indeed,  an  set  of  1 
indecorum  attributed  to  hiahop  Uaranitl  I 
the  Vice- Chancellor,  that,  whereas  at  Iht  1 
King's  visit  to   the  other  noiversity  IS  J 

iGoa 

OiftpTfl  Uiir  Vito.ChBBcoU«  lUd  take  his  i 


at  Corbet  more  merrily  at 

It  Lorilihlp  then  vai  in  i  riiee 
la  LonliUlp  la;  Dl»n  Die  ila^ 


es,  3ec.  of  King  Jftmei  the  Pint,  vol,  i' 


624 


Correspondence  of  Syhanui  Urban, 


[Dec. 


I    : 


I    : 


IILs  Lordship  cried  all  would  be  marr'd, 
IIiH  Lordship  lov'd  a-life  tho  Guard ; 
And  <lid  invito  tho»o  mighty  men 
To-  wliat  tliink  you  ?— c'cn  to  a  hen  ! 

The  Vice-Chancellor  (who  appears  to 
have  currently  borne  the  customary  ap- 
pellation of  his  Lordship/')  either  took 
his  seat  upon  the  stage,  from  some  inju- 
dicious affectation  of  humility  in  the  royal 
presence,  or  else  he  accidentally  fell  upon 
it,  and  thereby  excited  the  ridicule  of  those 
inclined  to  be  merry  at  his  expense.  In 
this  way  a  bishop  appeared  ''upon  the 
stage,^^  but  not  as  an  actor. 

To  return  to  the  "Whifflers."  The 
construction  of  the  second  line  of  the 
couplet  first  quoted  was  intended  to  be 
this — "  For  Cambridge  had  bishops  as 
whifflers,  and  preachers  as  actors."  On 
a  moment's  reflection  it  will  be  allowed  to 
be  absurd  to  suppose  that  bishops  per- 
formed as  pipers  or  musicians,  even  if 
they  had  condescended  to  appear  as  actors, 
which  we  have  seen  they  did  not. 

But  the  meaning  of  whifflers  in  this 
passage  is  in  fact  the  same  as  in  the  six 
quoted  by  Archdeacon  Nares.  It  simply 
means  way-makers  or  ushers ;  and  it  has 
reference,  not  to  the  plays,  but  to  the  king*8 
procession  into  the  university.  The  king 
had  a  bishop  especially  for  a  "  whiffler '* 
on  this  occasion,  because  the  Vice-Clian- 


cellor,  as  already  mentioned^  happened  U 

be  a  bishop. 

Next  rode  *'  his  LonUliip  **  on  a  naff, 

WlioMj  coat  was  blue,  whose  ruff  was  Hhag ; 

An<l  then  begun  his  reverence 

To  speak  mast  eloquent  nonsenae : 

"  See  liow,"  quoth  he,  **  most  mighty  prince. 

For  very  Joy  my  horse  doth  wince. 

What  cries  the  town  ?    What  we  ?"  said  he, 

"  What  cries  the  university? 

What  cry  tho  boys  ?    What  every  thing  ? 

Behold,  behold,  yon  comes  the  King  !** 

And  every  period  ho  liedecks 

With  "  En  et  ecce,  rtnU  JUxr 

Thus  it  was  that  Samuel  Harsnett,  bisho] 
of  Chichester,  performed  the  part  of  i 
Whiffler  on  the  King's  entrance  into  tb 
university  of  Cambridge.  Dr.  Andrewei 
bishop  of  Ely,  was  also  present,  whid 
might  excuse  the  rhymester  for  ipeakiai 
of  more  bishopi  than  one. 

I  am  therefore,  Mr.  Urban,  at  pretea 
quite  of  the  same  mind  as  Dr.  Rimbaol 
and  your  reviewer,  in  considering  the  ten 
Whiffler  has  nothing  to  do  with  any  wim 
instrument ;  but  is  allusive  to  the  olBe 
performed  in  dispersing  a  crowd  am 
making  way  for  a  procescion,  jnst  as  i 
gust  or  whiff  of  wind  scatters  the  dost  o 
the  leaves  which  lie  upon  a  patfawaj. 

Yours,  &C.        J.  G.  N. 


The  Birth  of  King  Henry  the  Fifth. 


Britiih  Museum ^  Nov.  5. 

Mr.  Urban, — Sandford,  in  his  Ge- 
nealogical History  of  the  Kings  of  Eng- 
land, states  that  King  Henry  the  Fifth 
was  bom  at  Monmouth  in  the  year  of 
Christ's  nativity  1388,  an.  11  Rich.  II. 
The  late  Mr.  Canon  Tyler,  in  his  Memoirs 
of  Henry  of  Monmouth,  1838, 8vo.  admits 
at  the  outset  of  his  biography  that  '*  no 
direct  and  positive  evidence  has  yet  been 
discovered  to  fix  with  unerring  accuracy 
the  day  or  place  of  his  birth  ;"  but  adds 
that  the  statement*  of  the  chroniclers 
whom  he  quotes,  namely,  Paulus  Jovius, 
William  of  Worcestre,  &c.  was  not  con- 
tradicted4)y  other  ascertained  facts,  namely, 
*'  that  he  was  born  at  Monmouth  on  the 
ninth  day  of  August,  in  the  year  1387.'' 
This  is  one  year  earlier  than  the  date  of 
Sandford. 

The  following  notes  respecting  the  births 
of  all  the  sons  of  King  Henry  IV.  which 
I  recently  met  with  in  the  SiS.  Cotton. 
Vespasian  D.  xvii.  f.  80  b.  place  the 
birth  of  the  hero  of  Agincourt  one  year 
earlier  still.  The  book  consists  of  collec- 
tions made  by  Thomas  Talbot,  a  diligent 
gcnrnlogicnl    antiquary  of   the  sixteenth 


century ;  and  in  the  present  instance  hi 
extracts  are  stated  to  have  been  taken—- 
'*  Owi  qf  a  rowle  qf  yt  CrcnMe  ^f  y> 
Duhe  of  JMIfiitd. 

**  138G.— Henry,  th'eldeat  son  of  Henri 
Erie  of  Derby,  and  after  King  of  Englana 
was  borne  the  16.  day  of  September. 

*'  1387.— Thomas  Duke  of  Clarence 
y*=  2.  son  of  th'Erle  of  Derbj,  was  borm 
on  St.  Michel's  day  in  September. 

*<  1389.— John  Duke  of  Bedford,  y*  a 
son,  was  borne  y*'  20.  of  Jane. 

''  1300.— Humfray  Duke  of  Glooeatar; 
y<-'  4.  son,  was  borne  y*  3.  of  October. 

'<  1435.— John  Duke  of  Bedford  died 
at  Roan  y'  14.  of  September. 

'*  1447.— Humfray  Duke  of  Glocestn 
died  the  23.  of  February." 

In  respect  to  Sandford's  statement  abovi 
quoted,  it  may  be  remarked  that  the  tw« 
dates  he  gives  are  inconsistent  whet 
taken  in  connection  with  the  month  o 
August  or  Sq)tember.  If  the  prince^ 
birth  had  occurred  before  the  VI  st  of  Jane 
the  11  Rich.  II.  would  have  coincide! 
with  the  year  1388 ;  but  any  date  afta 
the  S^lst  of  June  in  the  lllh  year  of  thi 
same  reign  must  belong  to  1387. 


"  Monomotlii  in  Wallia  natus  ▼.  id.  Aug.' 


1851.] 


Corretpondenee  ofSyhanui  Urban. 


Some   farther  CTidence  mar  ^*  con- 

aidered  tequiiite  to  uuthenticale  the  note 
DOW  (liscovered,  which  carries  buck   the      iu«  reus 
birth  of  Henrf  of  Monmouth  to  the  ICth      father  ma 
of  September,  I3S6 ;  but  I  beg  to  point      residence 


X  of  collateral  teatimon)'  that  may 
te  regarded  as  tending  to  its  support. 

Mr.  Tyler  has  quoted  in  a.  note  (vol.  i. 
|).  3),  the  wardrobe  account  of  Henry  Earl 
of  Derby  for  13S7-8,  in  which  an  item 
occurs  of  34li.  l°i.  Hd.  paid  S4th  Sept. 


1336,  for  the  household  eipenees  of  the 
Earl  and  hU  ftioily  at  MoomoDth,  adding 

itle  of  MomnouA  his 

less  than  a  year  of  the 


Henry's  birth." 
in  truth,  if  the  data  1  have  DOW  commant- 
cated  to  you  be  corrrct,  that  entry  reUm 
to  tbe  lery  period  of  the  birth  of  Harr* 
of  Monmouth.  Yours,  «cc.     D.  H. 


The  Tra 


T  OF  Alice  Ladt  Hu: 


Leigh  . 
Chippeaham,  Nov.  I7lh. 

Mr.  Urban,— Stone  has  tbe  slory  in 
his  Chrooiele  of  Alice  Lady  Hungerforcl,* 
who,  haviog  been  ^ilty  of  the  crime  of 
murderiag  her  husband,  was,  on  the  20th 
Feb.  1523,  led  from  the  Tower  to  Hoi- 
bourn,  and  there,  at  the  churchyard,  put 
into  ft  cart  with  one  of  her  aervanta,  and 
■o  carried  to  Tybourn,  where  both  were 
hanged ;  after  which  the  lady's  body  was 
buried  in  tbe  church  of  the  Grey  Friars, 
by  Newgate. 

1  am  informed  by  Mr.  John  Gongh 
Nichols,  who  is  now  engaged  in  editing 
for  the  Camden  Society  "The  Chionicle 
of  (he  Grey  Friam  of  London,"  from  tbe 
original  manuacHpt  in  tbe  Cottoniaa  CoU 
lection,  that  Stuwe's  autliority  for  thit 
story  was  that  chronicle,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  crime  for  which  the  lady  was 

thered  from  some  other  source.  The  dale 
of  the  lady's  death  la  eontirmed  by  her 
epitaph,  formerly  eiiating  in  the  church 
of  the  Grey  Friara.  (See  (he  ColleclsDea 
Topographica  et  Genealogies,  tol.  T.  p. 
391.) 

Tbe  christian  name  of  her  husband  it 
not  stated  in  either  place  ;  but  tbe  lata 
Sir  Richard  C.  Hoare,  in  his  volume  on 
the  llungerfords  (Hungerfordiaoa,  p.  90) 
has  iniroduced  her  name  and  her  calft- 
Btrophe  a»  belonging  to  the  wife  of  a  Robert 
HungerfordofCedenham."  Thia  state- 
ment is  made  without  any  eathority  being 
giiea  for  it,  and  I  am  not  aware  of  any 
that  can  be  given.  Ou  tbe  contrary,  it 
appears  to  me  a  moat  improbable  one,  and 
for  these  reasons  :— 

1.  None  of  the  Cadenham  Hungerfordt 
were  of  the  rank  of  kaight  before  «  Sir 
George,  who  died  in  1712. 

2.  In  tbe  pedigree  printed  by  Goagh 
the  name  of  Alice,  as  a  wife,  doea  not  ap- 
pear at  all  in  that  branch  of  tbe  family. 

3.  Supposing  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare  to  have 
had  some  authority  which  he  has  not  pro- 
duced for  assigning  the  wife  Alice  andtlie 
story  of  the  murder  to  the  Robert  Hunger- 
ford  of  Cadenham   to  whom  he  hai  as- 

Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


aigned  them,  still  liis  account  U  contra- 
dicted by  dates. 

According  to  him  that  part  of  the  Caden- 
hom  pedigree  would  eland  tima  -.— 

Robert  HungerfordT^ Margaret  t«!ig. 
(Srandfiti      '         ' 


Tford=rM 
ab'en  lluoeerfjta^.. 


1.). 


Now,  Robert  the  grandfather  died  iO 
IS3B  (see  bis  will,  abatracled  in  Coll«t. 
Topog.  vii.  71)  ;  Robert  the  fotber  was 
buried  at  Bremhill  in  la!)6  :  so  that  Ro- 
bert tbe  grandson,  if  murdered  in  IRS!), 
muut  have  been  murJered  35  years  before 
the  deaih  of  Ids  grandtather,  and  73  years 
before  that  of  bis  father.  In  theabamce, 
tberefore.  of  all  reference  to  authority,  I 
look  upon  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare'a  statement  u 
a  mete  guetp.  In  my  own  mind,  I  harfl 
long  fixed  this  story  apon  other  partie)  in 
the  llungerfurd  family ;  but  1  beg  you  to 
understand  that  1,  in  my  turn,  can  pro- 
duce no  authority  for  it,  eiccpt  that  at  a 
little  vircunisiantisi  eTidenca. 

At  the  date  of  the  event  mentioned  bf 
Slowe,  A.D.  ]S!3,  the  eiislins  knights  of 
the  Hnngerford  family  were  these  — 

I.  Sir  Waller  Hnn;errard  of  Forlelgll.  \ 
Cnstle,  the  then  brad  of  the  family,     ' 


2.  Sir    John    Hangerford    of    DowB.! 
Atopney.  I 

3,  Sir   Anthony  Hungerford,   ako  of '] 
Down  Ampnry.  his  son.  I 

Now  neither  of  the  two  latter  per^n*  J 
could  be  the  knight  alluded  to ;  for  Sir'f 
John  died  bclwccn  24  July  and  27  Angttsb  J 
l.>34  (see  hit  wilt.  Coll.  Top.  et  Gen.  TBi.f 
71).  leaving  his  wife  Margartt  sur 
him;  and  Sir  Anlbnny  lited  to  155 
buried  nt  Great  Bedwyn  in  that  yea 
hia  wiiei'  namea  were  Jtme  (Darcl 
DiTyHhf  (Danvem). 

Sir   Walter    Hong-rford    of    Farleigl 


Corretponii»nce  of  St/lvanut  f/rban. 


[Dec 


n  the  en- 


Castle  (■fterwardi   Lonl  Hnngerford   of     pliei  foi  jiurtice  ud  protaetionag^iut  b 

"         husband,  on  account  of  hii  croalt;.     ] 

had  charged  her,  matt  falielj  u  the  i 
cUrea,  with  incontinence  ;  lutd  arliitnTi 
■liut  ber  up  and  kept  her  cloie  priaoD 
far  four  yesra  in  one  of  the  towera  of  i 
custie,  without  monef,  and  irith  onlj  ani 
food  as  Hsi  brnaght  to  her  bf  a  ohaplai 
of  his,  who,  the  Hjt,  "  ' 


Hejtesbury)  is  the  only  pi 
tire  llungerford  hitti: 
in  aay  way  fix  the 

htm  there  is  this  great  objection  in  liiaine, 
<riz.  that  he  «ai  cerlainly  not  murdered 
by  hii  wife  in  1^23,  because  he  was  bc- 
beaded  by  King  Henry  Vlll. 


jlity   of 


that  he  must  be  the  person  alioded  to. 

Now  it  is  clear  that  Stotre  only  gives  a 
partial  and  traditionary  account  of  the 
(natter.  He  wrote  sixty  or  seventy  yeara 
after  the  event,  and  is  so  far  from  being 
precise  in  all  the  facts  that  he  docs  not 
even  mcnl^on  (he  name  of  Ibe  basbaDd. 
The  only  sujiposition  which  1  nould  eak 
for,  in  order  lo  admit  that  version  of  the 
story  nhtch  I  nm  going  to  suggest,  is,  that 
the  lady  may  have  been  tried  and  cnn- 
deinncd  on  a  cb-irge  of  alltmpi  lo  murdir, 
insteiid  of  having  actuslty  caused  death. 

With  this  variation  of  the  f^ct  as  stated  executed  at  Tybonrn  may  have  b 
by  Stowe  being  granted,  there  arc  circnm-  second  wife,  Alice  Sandys;  that  hia  cmdl 
stances  in  Ihe  domestic  life  of  thU  Sir  to  her  may  have  driven  her  to  ■ttempt  I 
Walter  Hungerford  which  seem  to  lead  to     get  rid  of  bim  by  poison,  or  that  he,  wlal 

the  coDcluaion  that  some  bow  orothi     '  ■. 

story  refers  to  him. 

In  the  first  place,  as  itr  liavc  sec 
vas  a  knight  at  Ibe  time, 
the  only  one  in  the  family  then  oisling  to 
whom  it  can  refer. 

In  the  next  place,  he  was  married  three 
times:  lit,  to  Susanna  Danvsra  ;  Ifdiy,  to 
Aiict,  daughter  of  the  Lord  Sandea  ;  and 
3rdk,  to  Elizabeth  (ur  laabul la),  daughter 
of  Lord  HuBsey.  The  date  of  the  lirat 
fife's  death  I  have  not  been  able  to  nseti- 
taio,  but  he  was  certainly  married  to  the 
third  wife  before  the  year  1&3'2  ;  so  that. 


nhat  this  person  brought  her,  and  w, 
secretly  supplied  by  the  poor  women  i 
the  tillage  at  the  window.  She  goea  t 
to  Bay  "  that  she  could  tell,  if  she  dar* 
tnnny  detestable  and  urgent  crimes  on  tl 
pai  t  oF  her  husband,  as  he  well  know, 
nnd  apeciallj  of  hia  notorioua  cruel  coi 
duct  "  always  to  hia  wives." 

Now,  with  this  tetter  to  iUnstnts  tl 
circumstance  mentioned  by  Stowe,  coi 
sidpring  also  that  names  and  datti  ue  i 
conalitent,  I  tbinic  it  may  at  all  erenti  I 
fair  auggestion  that  tha  lad 


iug  to  get  rid  of  her  (as  he  did 

of  his  third  wire),  may  have  bnniht 

accusation  against  hi     "~  ' "' 


10  far. 
Now  I  hi 


ethe 


C0|.y 


of  a 


letter,  written  about  th<  ,  .  ._...  .. 
Cromwell  Lord  Frivy  Seal,  by  Elisabeth 
Ilussey,  the  third  wife,  in  which  she  ap- 
FmsT  EXEncisE  at  Pboieb 
Mb,  Urban, — In  reference  to  (he  query 
in  the  Reciew  of  "  Mkuorialb  ur 
SHRKwgBi-nv,"pagB5a;inyourlaslNo,, 
1  beg  lo  give  the  following  extract  from  a 
MS.  Chronicle.  "  loT^l.  In  this  year  the 
Biabop  of  Lii-bfieldand  Coventry,  together 
with  tlic  Lord  President,  came  as  special 
Comniissioners  lo  see  an  order  and  Refbr- 
malion  in  the  Cburchci,  agreeable  to  the 
Quren'i  intentions  [iiijunctiuia .']  ;  and 
the  eiercisc  of  the  Protestant  Iteligioti 
b^an  Arat  in  St.  Chads  Church." 

For  some  time  after  the  accession  of 
Elisabeth  it  would  seem  that  tlie  liervice 
lionk  of  King  Edward  VI.  and  (he  Cere- 
monies of  the  Church  of  England  were  re- 


rd  at  Warwick,— beii^.  afta 
wards  declared  lo  be  innocent. 

I  olfer  to  you  the  aboTB  as  ths  only  effa 
in  my  power  to  explain  thia  myitcfw 
atory.  rcrhaps  in  the  history  oF  the  SanA 
family  (here  may  be  some  allunon  to  I 
From  that  of  the  Hnngtrforda  I  outD 
adduce  anything  more  that  throwi  the  iM 
light  upon  the  inbject. 

Yours,  &c.     J.  £.  Jackbom, 

garded  by  many  with  dialika  uid  eotitam| 
Any  attempt  at  conformity  appears  ' 
have  been  totally  negkcteilin  Sbrcwsbvr 
until  the  visit  above  mentioned,  la  h 
the  pertinacity  of  the  Salopian  clsrn . 
the  matter  of  Gonfonnity  waa  not  Ai 
easily  to  be  subdued,  but  reqiiired  Is  I 
cnfurceil  by  new  rtf  alationa  in  tba  mm 
lutj-land  lasit.     Yonra,  &c 

H.  PivHoa. 
[We  imagine  that  the  paaaaga  qiioti 
by  Mr.  Pidgeon  aboald  be  raad  with 
somewhat  different  construeUon  thaia  I 
has  applied  tf  * 
-'—    ■  -'      Pi 

>  1573  In  St.  I 


165  l.j 


Notes  ofth«  M^Mh. 


and  the  eierciu  oF  the  FrotesUnt  rslli 
nere  brought  about  bj  the  pBraoual 


Igion, 
il  in- 


Mkj 


"  Here 


,  Il  the  baddycB  of  Richard 
Woddames,  Parson  and  Pattton  and  Vo». 
Bioner  at  the  church  and  pariahe  of  Oaf. 
ton,  in  the  countie  of  Warricke,  who  di«d 
on  MjdsumT  dajre,  1587,  and  Margerys 
Ilia  wiffe,  with  her  seien  children, 
namelje  Richard,  John,  and  John,  An 
Jane,  Eliiabelh,  Ayiei,  hia  iiij.  dawghteral 
wiiose  BOule  reateth  with  God." 

Mr.  Ubbam, — The  aboTe  inBcrlptlon 
occura  on  a  braiB  in  the  chaocel  of  the 


church  at  Upton,  co.  Warwick.  Tho 
word  Vossioner  (or  posaibiy  it  maj'  ba 
Voiliooer,  for  I  bate  not  Been  the  original 


aa     lie  able  t 


•sibly  same  of  jour  i 


apecUof  il.  YouPB.  Sio.     C.  B. 

[Doea  not  the  word  cltarly  meau  "Vow. 
Boner  " — owner  of  the  bJyowsou  ?  "  Pa- 
tron and  VowBoner  of  the  church  and 
pariih."— Ed.] 


NOTES  OP  THE  MONTH. 

laternatlanal  Copyright— Degree  of  LL.D.  conferred  un  Mr.  Dkilld  W 
)Unrou-5«l  or  Poulellstia  In  tlis  lale  of  in«1il— Kc>v  nsvuls  an. 
azidMr.  Pelri8»lHoU»ndHDnse— Paiatlngby  Bon.  C.^lllnnalhc< 
ill»:avercil  In  Oansirortli  diurcli— Ur.  Baker  tlie  vu 
Alison  the  hiilorlan  at  Glugoir— Uuniacenca  of  Dr.  V 


Wllwii— I'hiil  of  Itanuo  Uuii  at 
■nnonaccd— Tbackerir  at  Oxford 
ic  ciutle  of  St.  Angelo— Pulnllnip 
NorthjunplDnahlre — Re-olectloD  of 
-TraUmoniai  to  Dr.  Lever— iioeent 


An   I 


has 


been  agreed  upon  belwcr 
England.  The  treaty  has  been  annonnced 
to  the  French  National  Assemblr,  and  ia 
to  be  brought  before  our  parliament  for 
legislBliie  tanction.  It  rilenda  to  authora 
of  tlie  respective  countrieB  the  lamc  righta 
of  ciclasiTC  publication  in  the  two  coao- 
Iriei  which  they  have  hitherto  enjoyed  in 
Iheir  own  couotriei  only.  An  author  of 
either  country  may  also  reaerTe  to  bimielf 
the  right  of  publiahing  a  translation  of 
bis  work  intll^  the  language  cf  the  other 
country,  such  translation  being  begun  to 
he  pnbllslied  within  twelve  months  of  the 
time  of  the  publication  of  the  original 
work.  Each  coaotry  binds  ilielf  to  pro- 
hibit the  Bale  within  its  dominioDfl  of  pirated 
editions  of  works  of  the  other  country. 
The  treaty  eitendB  to  the  representation 
of  dramatic  works,  aod  tbe  performance 
of  musical  contposilioDB.  We  hope  when 
thia  subject  is  brought  before  parlianient 
that  our  legislature  will  not  confine  ittelf 
simply  to  the  ratilicition  of  the  tre«ty  in 
question,  butwill  pata  a  general  bw^'vfliff 
to  aalhan  qfrttry  counliy  iht  lamt  rigkU 
of  copyright  in  thlt  cottntry  vtkieh  thty 
po»tii  in  thtir  ovm  comdriu. 

We  are  pleased  to  hear  that  the  Uni- 
versity of  St.  Andrew's  has  aponlaneoasly 
bestowed  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.D. 
on  Mr.  Daniel  Wilson  of  Edinburgh, 
as  a  recognition  of  the  value  of  his  con- 
ttthutions  to  the  history  and  archsDlogJ 
of   Scotland  :    an  hononr  wholly  onex- 


peclEtl  by  its  recipient,  but,  at  the  same 
time,  moBt  fairly  earned. 

There  has  just  been  discovered  at  Kitr- 
KosB  a  hoard  of  iine  Roman  sitvuH,  io- 
fliidinj;  the  complete  series  from  Nero  to 
S'M-rui.  nnd  some  very  rare  varieties  Id 
ti.i.-omiJitlon. 

'I'lie  last  number  of  that  eaeellent  peti- 
'■iiiMl,  tijc  Revile  do*  Deux  Mondes,  coo- 
tl'Tl^  nn  amuiing  paper  deaeriptiie  of 
■■  Tlio  Isle  of  Wight,"  written  by  "  Le 
(■..hnd  de  la  Moikowa  i  "— a  ton.  wa- 
L,IJ,;ip,  of  the  brave  Marahal  Ney.  He 
hlLs  off  some  of  Our  national  pccnliaritie* 
very  cleverly  ; — aa  for  example:  "  Eng- 
land is  the  realm  of  silence,  if  they  widi 
lo  praise  a  man  they  aay  '  He  ia  a  Terj 
(jniet  genlleman.'  " — But  the  paper  is  on 
the  ivholf  moBt  fairly  written,  and  with 
very  competent  knowledge.  Ve  are  the 
more  aniiooa  to  itate  thij  explicitly  be- 
cause we  are  about  lo  point  out  some  veiy 
odJ  mUprints,  in  the  few  sentences  which 
relate  (o  the  religions  conditlDn  of  the  to* 
babitJiiitB  of  the  beaatifnt  Island.  Tb* 
passage  reads  as  follows. 

"TbeprincipalclergymanoflheChuroh  ] 
of  England  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  i)  ~ 
rector  of  Carishrouke  and  Northwood.  1 
The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  divided  J 
among  several  bodies  of  dissent 
■!  the  Sectnrian),  the  Wealejana,  the  la>  ] 
dependents,  and  the  Pouleliilii.' 

The  name  given  to  the  Brat  of  tlie  boiiki    | 
here  enumerated  it  evidently  a  i 
tukeu  appllcAtioD  of  [be    general   Uim  i 


jVo(m  ofthe  Month. 


[.Dec. 


SerforiiHS/butwIiuwauliihaverecognized     by  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  MauieonrAtNTlHos  m: 


ends  thi!  Fiiteyiln  under  [he  dis- 
gnl«e  of  PoulelitUi  .■  We  eliould  not,  if 
it  Lad  lint  been  for  Ihe  assistsacc  of  u  foot 
.  ajjainst 


tlie  English  n'lio  follow   tlii 

ce  rile)  tliat  tlie  fnmous  letter  of  Lord 

John  RufEcIl  of  laet  year,  on  Ibc  eubject 

ofthe (ispslngKreseion,  wais  directed.  "The 

Kict  IB,"  Eoyi  the  Colonel,  "  that  the  sect  of     ncated 

"  e  PoKltliaiea  is  greatly  on  the  iticmse.     great 


.  .  -  GA.WS1TOBTB 

:hiihch  before  the  Architectaral  aad  Ar- 
ihieolagicalSocieCyofthittoirn.  Thnyara 
if  an  iatereatingcbancter  though  theinb* 
ects  are  not  uncommon.  The  *tory  of  SL 
^hrialopher,  that  of  St.  George,  and  th« 
'ery  frequrnt  one  of  the  Laat  Jadnaant, 
ire  thoee  at  present  deciphered,  afl  d^ 
Lh  their  uEual  typea.  bat  witb  H 
detaita     -   "- 


9  legendary  record** 


Tliey  only  differ  from  Ihe  CatiioUca,  to     them  valuable 

whom  they  will  very  ihortly  be  united,     St   Christopber  no  point    (eema   to  bs 
lints  of  noimportiince."   The     omitted  which  is  usnally  fonnd  in  thuaab> 


Colonel  is'a  soldier,  and  may  well  be 
cuscd  any  mistake  upon  such  a  tnbject,      ofn 
but  probably  the  liluuder  is  altogether  one      the 
ol  the  pn'»9,  arising  from  the  difficulty      whii 
which  even  well  infbrnied  people  in  every 
country  find  in  nnitetitanding  the  nick- 
namvii  current  among  Iheir  ni-ighbours. 
Membrrs  of  the  sect  inquettiou  complain 
that  the  name  of  Ihtir  quumlnm   leader 
ghuuld  he  applied  to  them,— would  they 
prefer  the  title  and  definition  assi|:ned  to 
them  in  the  HeCHe  dn  Dtxij-  SJonden  ! 
Novel  readers  are  shortly  to  be  grati. 


id  that  of  St.  George  ia  rimiUrly  fnll 
tcr.  This  laat  iinauallyconflDedtO 
nt's  encounter  Kith  tlis  Dngon,  in 

kneeling,    anit    her   father  looking    forth 

ofeoiidicl.  In  thia  eismpfe  there  ii  aa 
addition  from  the  legendary  hiitorj  of  the 
Saint  further  illustrating  hia  career.  A 
figure  is  reprrECntcd  ai  hanging  on  ■  yal- 
loira  with  attendant  offieeri; — thi*  withoat 
doubt  refers  to  the  persecution  of  the  Saint 
by  Dacian  the  proconsul,  who  irhea  £ 


V  productions  from  the  peua     George  reviled  the  godaof  the  Gentilea  «r- 


UulH'er 


and    ' 


Iraat,"  &c.  by  a  Ihrce-vulnine  novel  froi 
Thackeruy.  A  knowledge  of  the  eiitt 
ciice  of  tlie  liL!il-n<iincd  aiiiliiir  Iwa,  w 
observe,  been,  at  List,  foreed  upon  thi 
authorities  of  Oxford.  The  igiwn 
these  gciit]emi:u  of  what  is  going  nn 
them  n'miiida  nt  of  an  anecdote  of  (he 
late  Lady  Holland.  Mr.  I'tlric,  vditor 
of  tbu  Mimnuientii  Iliat.  Itrit.  was  a 
prime  fsvourite  at  llulUiud  House.  His 
chief  reading  bad  been  amongst  Anjjlo- 
Saxon  chroniules,  miinkith  annalists,  and 
lives  of  early  saints;  and  it  used 


dered  him  to  be  lied  to  a  rrcu,  the  two  ni 
of  whieli  abonld  be  planted  in  the  ground, 
and  then  thnt  he  abould  be  torn  with  iron 
nails  or  clawi.  That  the  crou  ihouM  be 
alleri'il  f.ir  a  ]iair  of  gallowi  ii  not  eztrk- 
of  ordinary,  for  it  wai  not  an  nneommoD 
thing  to  aaiimilatc  lbs  torment*  of  tlia 
Saints  to  pnnishmenti  familiar  to  tb* 
tiniea  in  which  their  suffenQgi  an  n- 
corded.  Thiu  in  one  of  the  edition!  ol 
Ribadeneira's  '  Flos  Sanctorum '  is  a  wood- 
cut representing  two  sainta  being  jiailla 
titled,  proving  tlie  use  of  that  instrument 
ly  part  of  the   ITtb  cetitaff, 


joke  against  him   tbat  he  never  could  be     which  ia  the  date  of  the  copy  refemd  ta> 


merest 

It  is  there  used  to  exempli^  the  deatk  ol 

in  anylbinji  subsiiquent   to  the  Ci 

dL'capitation.    This  fact  shew*  the  ue  d 

Lady   Holland   onre  rcmatkcd   o 

him. 

day  to 

found  ill  the  remains  of  andcat  CcclciiaB< 

read  of  the  discovery  of  America  ! ' 

How 

tical  ileco  rati  tin.  ThedeUilaufStGeorgal 

aatoiiished,  we  may  echo,  will  the 

eOi- 

;,'r".r.  ■'•"•-•""' "A'!^~V 

ford  gentlemen  some  day  be  to  learn  the  the  military  costume  of  the  period,  wbiot 

existence  of  Curtyle,  Tennyson,  and  the  Mr.  Massie  has  correctly  assigned  to  tk 

men  who  are  moulding  Ihe  minds  of  the  tatter  half  of  the  ISlh  century.    Tlie  ftgon 

•a  profCHSOra  and  heads  of  of  CIcolinda,   Ibe  princess,  is  also  foil  ol 


bouses  suppose  thcmsulrci 
On  the  wall  of  one  of 
of  the  Castle  of  St.  Angelo 
been  discovered  a  drawing  of  Ihe  Saviour 
on  the  Cross,  which  is  thought  ti    ' 
been  executed  by  Uenvenuto  Ce 

in    Ilia    autubio.jrnpby,    that      (ury.    He  descrilea  one  as  "  a  capidoB  ■ 

coiifinunient  in   the  caalle  of     Pegnnns  shooting  with  bow  and  arrow  and 

galloping  over    a  king    and  queen  Vrvm 

irale,  Ihe  former   with  a  ball  Of  fire  h  I 

heart."  Tliis  evidently  belong*  to  that  eImi 

A  (Jbcstir  pajiiT  record.i  a  lecture  read     of  emblems  of  which  ao  ntny  worka  «m4 


}c  educating,  curiuuadetailsofthecastnmeof  the  period, 
u  prison  uells  Mr.  Ma<sic  notice*  some  Ute  medal- 
'ions  on  a  church  window,  wbich  appan 
a  be  somewhat  curious,  thoagh  havinc  • 
great  deal  of  that  puerility  of  oobmU 
which  marks  the  middle  of  the  17th  e^ 


St.  .^ngelo  ill  i.'i39  hi 

drawing  on  llie  wall  of  his  dark  eel] 

charcoal  nnd  brick-dust. 

a  lecture  read     of  emblems  of  which 


1851.] 


NotM  oftke  Month. 


published  at  that  periadT  ind  nbich  are 
full  of  (lark  coDceiU,  requiring  the  eipla- 
natioa  of  s  text.  Anolher ,  a  yoang  priace 
kneeling  and  laying  dovn  a  broken  arrow 
on  the  ground,  whilat  a  horseman  lets  oq 
hia  brows  an  imperial  croirn,  an  angel 
flying  above.  An  inscription  in  German, 
BtuCea  that  "  The  Prince  intending  to  slay 
his  father  repents,  and  breaks  the  arrow 
with  which  he  designed  to  do  the  deed,  and 
is  crowned;"  and  another,  "  An  Emperor 
apparently    dying  on    the    ground  in  the 


629 

tB  of  a  marble  bust  of  the  Doctor, 
in  the  first  style  of  the  art,  b? 
A.     The  presentation  was  ma 
f  of    the   subsciibers,   by   thrir    I 
r,  Mr.  Joahuu  W.  Bulterworth, 


Among  r 


-hitlorical   pahliM* 


imental 


abbot  running  out  to  giie  the  be 

wafer  to  him,"  or  perhaps  eitren 

It  is  difflcnlt  to  assign  this  t 

itory.    The  record  of  all  such  < 

is  of  great  service,  and  «e  ate  glad  to  bear 

that  it  is  intended  to  publish  an  acconnt 

of  them  with  engravings  to  illastrate  the 

leit. 


Oun 


Noi 


ir  of  th 


«Ht8 


ir  last  Maga- 
zine was  written  in  oaste,  and  contained 
one  or  two  mistakes  which  we  gladly 
correct.  We  are  informed  that  Mr.  Baker 
himself  calculated  that  another  Part  would 
hare  completed  half  his  work.  We  were 
also  mistaken  in  slating  that  Miss  Baker 
was  his  only  sitteri  an  elder  one  still 
surviTes.  "  Amongst  the  incidental  bat 
not  less  Tsluable  services  rendered  to  hia 
neighbourhood  by  Mr.  Baker  and  his 
talented  sister,"  aa  staled  in  tbe  North- 
ampton Herald,  "was  the  jealous  care 
with  which  they  watched  the  then  min  of 
St.  Peter's  cburch  in  this  town,  the  as- 
siduity with  which  Miss  Baker's  chisel 
preserced  some  of  its  most  interesting  re- 
mains, and  the  zeal  with  which  theynever 
failed  to  urge  the  complete  restoration  of 
the  fabric."  What  we  sai.)  of  Misa  Baker's 
Glossary,  may,  perhaps,  have  been  mil- 
understood  by  some  readers.  It  was  (n 
from  our  intention,  in  niing  tbe  word 
"  revise,"  to  imply  that  it  was  not  an 
original  work.  Our  alluiion  was  onW 
made  to  the  length  of  time  during  which 
we  knew  the  author  had  been  engaged  io 
collecting  ber  materials. 

Alison  tbe  historian  has  been  re- 
elected Lord  Rector  or  Glabcow  Uni- 
versity without  opposition. 

The  Tenerjhle  and  philanthrapic  Or. 
WAitNEFOBD,wboBechBritab)e  munificence 
renders  him  one  of  the  most  memorable 
persons  of  the  present  age,  has  founded 
eight  new  scsolarshifb  of  the  Talue  of 
2'jI.  per  annum  each  for  medical  studenti 
at  King's  Cqllkok,  London. 

A  pleasing  tribute  of  respect  and  friend- 
ship, as  well  as  acknowledgment  of  pro- 
fessional skill,  has  just  been  presented  lo 
the  family  of  J.  C.  W.  Levkh,  esq.  M.D., 
(one  of  the  Physicians  of  Gay's  Hospital,) 
bj  a  number  of  ladies,  being  patienti  of  his. 


The    CoTHmon    Lodging    llauKi  Att,  I 
ISjI  .'  anil  the  LaboitriHg  Claiaei  Lodging/  1 
Houtss  Acl,  lUfil  I  wilh  plain  directiiiM  \ 
and  J'armK  far    putting    Ihtin    info 
fcution  adapted  end  arranged  bg  Robert  1 
A.    Strang,,   «?.      ISmo.      Shan,,   r"     " 
—This  pnblicBtion  of  two  recent  acl 
great  importance  proceeds   from  the  Stf    1 
ciely  for  improving  the  condition  of  tha    ] 
Labouring  classes.     The  acts  were  carried 
through  the  House  of  Commons  last  sei- 
fion    by    Lord    Ashley,    and   oftemarda   ' 
through  the  House  of  Lords  by  the  s 
gentlemdn  as  Earl  of  Shaftesbury.    If  pro- 
perly carried  out  these  acts  will  itrik 
the  root  of  a  very  fertile  sonrco  of  im 
rolily  and  crime. 

Babylon  and  Jerutalem  i  a  Lttltr  ad- 
dreutd  lo  Ida  Counhii  of  Haha-Habt.  | 
From  the  German;  leUh  a  Preface  by  tAt 
T,aai!alor.  \lmo.  J.  K'.  Parktr.  1851.— 
The  world  knows  that  the  clever  Counlen 
of  Hahn-Hshn,  the  author  of  many  bigh- 
Hown  novels  and  equally  htgh-lloirn  booki 
of  travels,  has  gone  over  to  the  Churoh  of 
Rome,  She  baa  signalised  that  event  by 
the  publication  of  two  books;  entitled 
"  From  Babylon  to  Jerusalem  "  and  "  In 
JemsBlem,"  in  the  farmer  of  which  she 
relates  the  hiitory  of  her  past  life  with 
great  self- condemnation.  The  present 
work  ia  a  translation  of  an  eipostulatory 
letter  addreisetl  to  the  couatess  on  the 
publication  of  llieie  workj  by  a  Gertnui 
divine,  believed  to  ho  Dr.  Nitscb.  The 
curiosity  and  value  of  the  work  are  to 
be  found  in  the  (iifferencB  between  the 
German  mode  of  treating  snch  n  ease 
and  Ihut  which  is  cuslomsry  amongst 
ourselves.  If  regarded  in  this  point  of 
view  the  present  work  will  be  found 
full  of  instruction,  applicable  to  many 
perions  besides  the  Countess  of  Hahn- 
llahn.  From  hia  staDiling  in  the  Churob 
of  Christ  as  distinct  from  tbe  antward 
cburcb  of  any  nation,  the  anthor  baldly 


thai 


Ls  but  tt 


1,  at. J  t 


psseatial  Chriatjanity  which  is  to  be 
i  in  all  churches  by  those  who  seek 
;.  He  shews  tbst  the  convetiion  of 
lonntesa  was  not  From  one  form  of 
stianity  to  another,  bat  that,  if  sincere, 
il  been  from  formalism  tn(Jhristi>nity, 

no  real  faiih  to  a  tnie  faiUi.  althoagh 

1    np   Willi  many  c 
■IM.    "  Jcruwlem  is  wbi're  Uiy  love 
\A   thy   faith.     But  if,  indeed,   thy 
sslem  be  cooTcrled  into  ■  Babjlon — 


Uiy  love  I 

eed,   thy  J 

BbjlOB-~      ^^^1 


t>30 

it  Rome  opiioie  thy  Clirlsliau  fKedom — 
if  the  ProtnUnt  Cbnrch  oppoae  thy 
Chriatian  liilelitf — if  Chari:h>  or  pope,  or 
priest,  or  preacher,  or  scribe,  or  ayDod,  or 
conaiitorf,  otfer  to  atand  lietveea  tbee 
utid  thy  Creator,  do  Dot,  I  entreat  tliee, 
forget  thut  tlion  ■lone  art  rraponsible  for 
thyself,  for  thy  <^ 
with  God;  and  in 


Nottt  oflha  Month. 


QDec 


body  linDwa  tlie  value  of  Dr.  BoUj 
son'*  Lexicon.  Thii  MndenHtloii  b 
been  carefully  and  jndicioaily  made.  T1 
pnraiog  index  i«  moat  oiaful,  uid  d 
whole  book  hu  evidmtlj  been  franw 
with  a  just  appreciation  of  the  want*  i 
BclioDla  and  priinte  atudenta. 
Prtri/aelioni  and  Heir  ttaehlnpt,  ar 


:   all   a 


.0  thou  apurn     haad-baat  la  the  gallery  of  ergmu 


thy  path. 

the  Roman  Cliurch  pi 

evangelieiil,    turn   to    llomauism    ii 

Protestant  Cliurcli  du   not   offer  thee 

abundance  of   faith   and    charity ;    b 


I  d/M«  BrilM  Muienm.     By  G 
Church  if     ManleU,  Btq.  LL.D.  F.R.8.   Buo.    - 


1  «5 1.  (SoAn'i  SoientifieUhrmry.) — A  mm 
uacfui  Tolame.  Tlie  name  of  the  aatlH 
ii  a  BUfficieut  gnanintee  for  its  having  bn 
compiled  with  competent  knowleilgs  u 
in  that  pleaaant  atyle  which  diitlDgnHlH 


1  alone  with  thyself,  if     all  the  worlu  of  Dr.  Mantell.     No  a 


le  with  God. 
life  of 


thy  ci 

lind  any  other  way  t< 
Such  moments  will  ce 
a  pions,  aerioua  ,andconBcieiitiouaChristian, 
and  must  he  home  wlUi  patience  luid  hu- 
mility. The  Lord  Rill  find  his  own  lime  to 
at>cii  the  cyca  fuf  sui'li  a  ChriatlBD]  to  the 
Chureli  which  surrounds  him  on  nil  aidi's 
witli  a  thousand  outatreti-heil  hands,  with     John   Maioa   Good.  Deo. 
o]ien  hearts  and  loring  brvtlinii,  aniongxt     {Bohn'i  Claiiical  Library.)- 

whom  he  stoo  ■  '        '  -   '   "- '     ' 

himself  all    1u 


t  for  the  moment  aliould  viait  the  Zoological  collectioBi  I 
our  National  Mnaeum  without  taking  wit 
him  thia  Hand-Book  to  their  content!. 

Luerrliv  on  Me  nature  qf  ihmge,  a 
philotophival  paem  i»  eix  itoti,  Li 
Itratly  InauUltd  inlo  EnyliiA  PrvM  h 
the  Kev.  John  StUg  Walton,  M.A.  t 
wMeh  ii  eiljointd  the  poelieal  eerwUm  | 

-  '    .     1851 

WatMl 
1  he  believed  lias  performed  liia  doty  u 
sulate  ill  his  eatiafactorily.  Between  hia  literal  venin 
m  I  would  fdn  and  that  of  Dr.  Mason  Good,  tba  oftei 
hold  out  to  you  a  bnilhrr'a  hand.  Will  reuondilr  meaning  of  Lacntina  may  bi 
you  take  it  >  If  yuu  cannot  take  it,  well  generally  made  out  pretty  clearly.  Th 
and  good— I  thall  not  quarrel  with  you.  prefatory  matter  is  inslnlctlve,  and  tb 
We  are  none  of  ua  free,  that  ia  to  say,  wc     iiolea  useful. 

have  none  of  ua  sufficient  charily.  All  Liaei  of  lAe  moit  SttinenI  Pmitdtn 
we  can  do  is  to  proceed  on  our  path,  to  Scalptori,  and  Arvhileelt.irmnatmttdfim 
wait,  to  hope,  and  to  believe,  according  to  Ike  Italian  of  Giorgio  Vaiwri,  Kith  nata 
the  best  of  our  ability  and  underatBoding.     am)   illuttrationt    chiefly  telected  JrM 

The  eye   is  freyueotly  closed  while  the      "  "    '■  "        — "  ■- 

heart  burns,  hut  in  tha  fulneap  of  time  the 
cyci  will  be  opened  to  the  light  of  free- 


Germaa   and    Italian    i 

I.  Jonathan  Fitter.     Vol.  IV.     Baa 

Bohn.  Wj\.  {Dohn'e Standard Litrary. 

— This  volume  containi  Ginlio  RooMn 

.Sebastiano    del  ilomho,  Bandinelli  tk 

BCulptor,  Jocopo  da  Pnntonno,  San  Ml 

cbele,   Uarofalo,  and  aever«l  other  tm; 

inlercstiiig  liiea.  Tlie  work  pmceada  ml 

The  Hittory  qf  the  planting  and  Irmkt 

iu}  ofihe  Chritlian  Church  by  Iht  Aftl 

By  Dr.  Atiytutta  Naandtr,  wil 

aulhor-i  final  additbmt.    Aln,   M 

Aniignottiku;  or  the  epirit  qf  nrtmlltm 

"       "         t  by  J.  M 

M»,  laai 

{Bohn-g  Standard  Library.)— TWm  tc 
e  includeB  Neander'i  doctrinal  tarn 
mentB  on  tlie  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews,  »M 
lOic  of  James  and  John,  with  Ui  "Bam 
a  the  nrilinga  of  Tertulllan.  It  cm 
eludes  with  uaeful  indlcea  of  lezta  am 
nords  eiplaincd,  as  well  ai  a  general  tndai 
A  Hiattrij  and  deicHpHam  af  Hadan 
IVinei  iy  Cynu  Sedding.  Third  ediOtm 
icilhaddilione  and  cmreetlont.  Bra.  Btia 
g  In'dtJc.  containing  l«i\ .  {Bohn »  Iltnitrated lAhrmrf.y—W 
thejorme  which  ucenr  and  eheteing  their  cannot  aay  much  in  favour  of  the  lUmbm 
deriMlioH.  I'im.  Bell,   mi.— Bvery.     tions,  but  the  book  iii  aiaftd  iMu,mi 


For  it  Kill  be  like  unto  a  druaiii, 

When  freedom  dawns  from  heaven." 

We  shall  be  pleased  if  our  eilract  iu- 
ducea  any  one  to  read  the  book  itaelf. 

Ilintt  on  Arithmetic,  addrfjitd  to  a 
I'oung  Govemete.  By  Lady  Vemey. 
l2mo.  Groombridge.  I8."j1.— The  elasa 
for  whom  this  book  is  designed  will  do 
well  lo  buy  and  study  it.  Its  price  bringa  Traneleled  from  Ihe 
it  within  the  means  of  everybody,  and  the  Syltind. 
subject  Is  one  upon  wliich  it  is  not  o.  '  '  -  ■    - 

ficraonul  discredit  but  a  great  public 
fur  any   governeas  to  he  otherwiae  than 
well  informed.      Practice  fuuuded  upc 
the  rules  here  laid  down  will  make  jie 
Sixi  arithmettciana,   and   lead   taiily  t 
to  algebra  and  the  higher  branches  of  the 


JVeic  Tci 


.  Robinlon'e  Greek  LfxieoH  qf  Ihe 


1851.] 


MUeellatteoHs  Reviewt. 


631 


contains  ■  great  d«Bl  of  Terjr  cnrioo* 
matter.  All  Eagliih  wine- drink  en  alioiild 
mike  themseWei  acquainted  wi^  it. 

The  Saeramnli.  Ah  Inquiry  Ma  tit 
nature  of  the  ayatiolie  IniiituUom  of  the 
Chritlian  lUligion  utually  calltd  The  Sb~ 
crameHti.  By  Roberl  Haltty,  D.D.  Pari 
a.     Tht  Lord'*  Svpptr.    8m.    Jaeita* 


and  n'oI/brJ.  1951. — This  Tolume  ooh- 
cIuilcE  tlie  fifteenth  lertes  of  Congrega* 
tioaal  Lectures.  It  containi  a  critJoal 
ioTestigatioD  into  the  circuniBtBseei  whlah 
Bcaompanisd  the  institation  of  the  Lord'* 
Supper,  and  many  powerful  argnmentl 
against  traoinhitaniiBtion  and  other  err — 
upon  that  Biibjpct. 


MISCELLANEOUS  REVIEWS. 


Tht  Piiriuivant  of  Arm,  vr  Htraldry 
/oundtduptmjaeli,  Byi.  R.  PUnche, 
ttq.F.S.A-  Bto.  lAind.  1862.— "  My  at- 
tempt," sBjl  Mr.  Planchf,  in  a  motto  on 
bis  title-page,  deri>ed  from  I.«igh'a  Acce- 
deocc  of  Armorie,  "  is  not  of  preiamp- 
tion  to  teach,  (1  myaelf  hiiiag  moat  oced 
to  be  taught,)  but  only  to  the  i 


nail 


from 


betildic   pertonal  iasigoia.     The  ■«•!     i 
of  Philip  1.  Earl  of  Flanders,  a.d.  1 164,    ) 
ta  thought  to  he  the  eartiesC  unqneatioa" 
able  heraldic  example,  Bad  is  accordin^lji 
' ^d  by  Mr.  Plimche,  from  a  "---'-  -'    ' 


1  entry  into  tbil, 
1  thing  eipodient,  bat 
rather  a  poor  help  thereto.''  Thia  ia  laid 
very  aptly  and  prettily,  and  leada  Mr. 
PlMiche'a  readeri^"  commoolj  called," 
ai  he  aayi,  "  courteous  or  gentle  readen" 
— goi>d  humouredly  forward  to  the  ex- 
amination of  what  the  author  terms  the 
"  poor  help"  which  ia  here  offered  to 
them ;  prediapoaing  them  at  the  aame 
lime  to  eipcct,  not  a  treatiae  which  will  rated 
tell  them  that  the  angcla  era  habited  in 


know  all  good  Vredino.  TheengraTiDgcertainly  presaQtl  J 
— . —  ;_._.!.:.  a  lion  of  the  true  heraldic  breed,  langned  ' 
and  quuued  to  admiration;  but  for  our 
own  parts  we  attacti  far  greater  import- 
ance to  the  earliest  knonn  piece  of  dacil> 
mentarj  evidence,  which  ia  deaoribed  by 
Mr.  Plnrichi^  as  '■  GloTer's  Roll;"  aoopy, 
tliat  ii,  made  by  GloTcr,  Someraet  Herald, 
in  l^eQ.  of  a  roll  of  arms  of  the  reigooof 
Henry  III.  probably  of  (he  period  of  from 
■  In  thii  roll  the  eauma- 

blaioned,  that  ia  deacribed 
ilured,     It  ia  thererns   , 


.  '   and   that    Noah  bore  evident  that  at  that  time 

azure  a  rainbow,  and  Japhet  aiure  an  ark,  become  a   acience   and," 

both  proper,  with  equally  minul«  deacrip-  adda.  "  artna  hereditary,''  ,      .._ 

tiona  of  the  bearinffa  of  a!l  the  propheta  appear  from  the  roll  ia  queilion.  This  MS>  I 

and  apoEllea,  but  a  pleasant  and  rational  ia  preserved  in  the  college  of  Armi.  From  J 

inquiry  iota  the  real  origin  and  mean ing  tjiat  lime  dnc amen tary  eiidence  ii  amplt-J 


of  these  Bii]gulttr  diitinctions.  Such  a 
quiry  upon  inch  a  subject  ii  far  too  ua< 
usual.  Old  heraldic  writers,  almost  with- 
out exception,  adopted  the  popular  error 
that  every  notable  mao,  preient  or  pMt, 
has,  or  had,  or  has  a  right  to,  armorial 
bearings.  "  Arms  found,"  the  nndertak- 
ing  of  the  modern  eagravera'  shops,  was 
their  principle,  and  terj  wonderful  wa* 
their  ingenuity  and  their  imSiginMioa  in 
difficult  coses.  Mr.  Planch^  diaoards  all 
this  fictitious  lore,  and  inquires  into  th* 
question  of  when  and  where  armorial 
bearings  were  Grit  found,  iu  the  same 
manner  and  spirit  as  men  iuquire  into  any 
Other  historical  fact  The  Gdda  mentioni 
a  red  shield  with  a  gold  bordar,  the  author 
of  the  Encowiiim  £mnue  speaks  of  the 
glittering  effulGence  of  the  shields  sna- 
pended  un  the  sides  of  tbeahipsof  Cannte, 
the  Bayeui  Tapestry  prasenta  ahieldt 
adorned  with  croasea.  rings,  and  fanciM 
monsters ;  but  all  these  are  nercr  re- 
peated on  the  shields  of  partieolar  per- 


laittenL     Uarteisn  MS.  t 
laina  a  trieked  copy  by  Nicholas  CharlM,  j 
Lancaster  Herald,  in   1607,  of  a  roll  of    j 
arms  of  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  oi 
tury ;    the   Roll  of   Kaerlareroo  follow! 
in   «.u.   1300,  after  which  period  tbi    i 
enumeration    of   evidence    becomea   x" 
Decesbary.     We  find  among  some  aa  ._ 
of  onr  own   a   memorandum  of  a  MS>  j 
in  the   llodleiin   of    the    date  of  a.Vh  \ 
Villi,  entitled  "  Nomi  dei  Chevatitrs  en  !• 
f'\,  iLii|i  dn  Roy  Henry  111."  which  wonld 
I  < :  !i<i|in  have  been  worth  the  notice  of  Mr. 
>  .  .:.:>.'.  If  genuine  and  heraldic  it  seem* 
ri!.'  Ill]  to  taku  precedence  by  a  few  yean 
-r  Mover's  Boll. 

Wu  mny  wrlalnly  conelade  that  in  the 
middle  of  the  tbirtnenth  century  hcrDtdry. 
or  the  icienoc  of  armorial  blMOnry,  wu 
not  merely  known  but  cilablislied  and 
systcmatiicd.  I  la  origin  hai  probably 
lietn  t^orrtctly  attributed  to  the  caulary 
preceding. 

After  •'xpUinini-  the  charaotar  of  the 


MUcullaneoti*  Heviewt. 


CDe< 


prindpkl  documentar;  nnd  other  evidence  ceitcr,  tb«  lul 
applitiiblc  to  Lis  Bul(iect.  Mr.  PIsDcbv  |iri>-  ' '  "■'  — '  -■■- 
ceeds  to  cDDsiJvr  the  customary  huriddic 
cbargcs.  In  eierjr  case  he  eadeavouri  to 
discuver  Ilie  origia  of  its  name,  whicli, 
gpnernllyspeBking.nasiusomewayorotlier 
dencrijitive  ;  Id  aaaiga  u  came  for  its  ori- 
ginal adoptiaa,  nhicb,  in  the  majority  of 
early  initanueB,  was  a  kind  of  punning  op- 
plicaliility  to  the   aaiiie  of  the  jicn^on  by 

home  to  some  historical  anlhority  j  jiving 

of  the  earliest  eiample  he  haa  met  with. 
Nothing  can  be  better  than  such  a  scheme 
of  inquiry.  It  is  the  very  mode  which 
one  would  desire  to  see  adopted  in  every 
similar  investigation,  nud,  to  the  extent  to 
which  it  is  carried  out,  it  is  xure  to  make 
an  interesting  and  valuable  work. 

Like  all  heraldieal  books,  this  of  Mr, 
Plancbd  is  so  much  dependent  upon  its 
woodcut  tliiistratioDS,  tliat  tritbont  the  ad- 
vantage ofthHruaeit  is  scarcely  possible  Co 
make  any  extract  from  it  that  can  be  well 


William,  who  died 
id  who   wu  thereforo   tbe   fi 
Earl  of  Gloucester  who  bore  armorial  t 
sigiii.  displaya  ■  lion  itatant  gardaut. 

"  In  all  the  al>OTe  initaDCEi,  with  I 
eiceptiona  of  the  Earls  of  Salubarj  a 
Hereford,  tbe  lion  it  borne  liogly,  at 
with  the  sohtary  oicpption  of  that  of  W 
liom  Carl  of  Gloucester,  the  attitude  of  t 
ruyal  beast  ii  rampant ;  the  only  o 
according  to  some  herildt  ia  which  t 
lion  can  properly  be  represeDled." 

Mr.  Plancb£  then  inquires  ioto  I 
origin  of  tbe  lions  on  the  ahield  of  t 
monarcb  of  England,  deducing  their  h 
tory  from  tbe  one  hon  used  by  Henry 
either  as  a  device  or  an  heraldic  beariD 
From  him  tbe  bearing  of  a  aiogla  U 
descended  to  bi«  illegitimate  children. 
U  found,  wc  have  seen,  borne  fay  the  befit 
tncationed  William  Earl  of  Cilooee«ter,wl 
was  tbe  sun  of  King  Ileary'a  illegitiiiu 
son,  Robert  Eari  of  Glouceater  ;  and  tl 
before  mentioned  Earl  of  Devon  probab 
substituted  ihe  lion  for  the  griffin  on  t 
I  daughter  of  Reginald  8a 


us  of  that  great  heraldic  bearing'  the  king 
of  beasts. 

"  The  nuuihcr  of  beasts  borne  in  nn- 
cient  English  coals  is  not  great.  In 
GloviT's  Roll  (temp.  Henry  III.)  you  will 
find  named  but  three,  the  lion.  tl>e  leo- 
pard, and  the  boar.  The  tno  lint  being 
one  and  the  tame  animal,  as  I  xball  prc- 
sentiy  prove  (o  you,  end  tbe  third  contri- 
buting but  his  bead  to  the  catalogue  of 
charges.  Stags,  bulls,  bears,  dogs,  and 
bedgeliogs,  arc  amongst  tbe  earlieet  we 
afterwards  meet  with,  but  the  list  is  at  no 
lime  previous  to  the  siitecntb  century  a 
long  one.     To  begin,  as  in  duty  bound. 


t  Mr.  Pbnebi!  tells      of  Cornwall,  who  «ai  another  iUegttlni 


Two  liuut  ■ 
found  on  the  shield  of  Prince,  ■fterwui 
King,  John,  and  also  on  tbe  seal  of  Richw 
de  Varenne  bia  illegitimate  ton.  Thn 
lions  lirst  appear  on  the  second  teal 
Uicbaid  I.  if  indeed  they  be  liona  at  el 
nnd  not  iuopards,  aa  these  regal  beuU 
Kiigliind  are  frequently  termed.  For  tl 
determination  of  this  controYeray,  II 
Platiebe  adduces  the  authority  of  Jem 
do  Uara,  a  French  auCbor,  who,  in  t 
"  liluon  d'Armoirea''  pablithed  in  ICS 
describes  the  heraldic  diSerenee  betWB 
leopard  aa  follows : 


n  tbe  twelfth  o 


"  The  1 


is  to  be 


vagmg, 


ii.d  sho> 


'iiie  leopard  is  ulwayi  jsmm 

>r  ellanl,  and  show*  both  ejei  and  bo 

And  when  one  seea  in  n  ahlcU 

lant,  that  is,  if  be  show  but  « 

one  ear,  you  must  say  in  blue 

ing  him, '  Lion-Lkofakd  ;'   on    the  no 

trary,  when  you  liad  (he  leopard  othcrvl 

than  /MtMni  (of  which  joo  see   the  ti 

eyes  and  tbe  two  ear*  as  aforeaaid)  ji 

must  say   >  Li:oFARD-Ltr>N,'  or    'Lb 

cABn-LioNNB,'  in   order  to  maks  t 

a  first     difference  according  to  the   langnue 

hlaion.     For  the  former  nerd  do  aped 


tury    but  one  briut  is 
shields  of  the  great  Ani;lo-Norni.in  n 
bility,  that  one  being  n  lion.     The  Earis     ears, 
of  Arundel,  Lincoln,  Ijeiccster,  Pi'mbrnkr, 
Salisbury,  and  Hertford,   all  bear  lions. 
On  some   si'als   of  the  Earl  of  Ucvon  a 
griffin  is  displayed,  either  alone  or  sur- 
mounting a  bound  or  wolf,  out  of  whose 
mouth  issue  flames ;  but  on  the  hrralilic 
shield   of   one   uf   those  very   earls   we 
find    a   lion  raniinnt,    and   Drookc  says, 
'This  (Richard  de  Redvers;  It  ' 

man  of  this  family  that  bare  tl 

that  ever  I  could  fiiide,  and  for  (he  grif-      cation,  but  you  say  ii  , 

fyn  which  hath  been  usually  set  down  for  nobleman  bears  ■  amrt,  a  lion  'mrgtn 
their  armes  it  is  but  a  device  and  no  or  '^arynirr,  a  LBOPAkD  or.'  " 
armrs.'  Aa  this  Richard  de  Redvers  died  It  is  in  tbiii  heraldic  or  noD-nrntm 
the  thirtieth  year  of  King  Henry  11.  IIH-I,  sense  that  in  tbe  Roll  of  Henry  III.  d 
it  is  most  probable  be  was  the  flntt  bearer  king  is  said  to  bear  "goales,  troia  Inpm 
of  a  ri-gnlar  heraldic  coat  in  his  family. ...  d'or  i"  three  lions  passant,  Uiat  ji,  n 
Thmigli  other  arms  have  been  assigned  by  drawn  full-foeed,  so  ai  to  dlapln-  ba 
mixlern  heiBhls  to  the  old  earla  of  Glou-     eyes  and  both  <wn,  of  which  Mr.  nnad 


1851.] 


Miicellaneiiua  Revie 


Oa:i 


gives  u  very  notable  ei&mple  rrom  hu  armH 
in  WeBlminsler  Abbey. 

Having  thus  disposed  of  our  own  royil 
lions,  for  we  incline  to  ioologic«l  rather 
than  to  heraldic  accuracy  in  the  matter, 
ve  xill  see  what  Mr.  Flanch^  haa  to  taj 
about  thejlrar.dt  Igi  of  our  neighboura. 

"Tbe  Tegetsble  kingdom  baa  fiirniBhed 
its  full  quota  to  the  atorebouie  of  heraldry. 
First  ID  the  lield,  we  may  fairly  say,  standi 
Ihe  fleur-de-lfi.  Neit  to  the  origin  of 
heraldry  itself,  perhapi  nothing  connected 
with  it  has  giien  rise  to  such  conlrovertj 
as  the  origin  of  this  celebrated  charge. 
It  has  been  gravely  Bsecrted  that  it  waa 
brought  down  from  heaven  by  an  angel, 
and  presented  to  Clotis  King'of  the  Franks. 
Upton  calls  it  '/lot  gladioli,'  and  h)g 
translatnr,  Dune  Joliaoa  Barnei.  telle  ua 
that  the  anni  of  the  King  of  France  •  were 
certainli  lecdeby  an  AangeU  from  HeiTCD, 
that  is  to  say.  iij.  flowrii  in  manner  of 
ewordia  in  a  field  of  azure,  the  which  cer- 
tain armys  were  giuen  to  the  aforeiaid 
Kyng  of  FraODce  iu  eigne  of  euerlasting 
trowbull,  and  that  he  and  bis  luccenorB 
always  with  battle  aad  iwordi  sbonld  ba 
punished.'  It  has  been  alio  called  a  toad, 
and  the  bead  of  a  gpear.  and  Dallaway  and 
Lower  incline  to  the  latter  belief. 

"  I  am  not  going  to  record  all  the  argn- 
menti  which  have  been  from  time  to  lime 
brought  forward  in  support  of  thia  Or  that 
theory.     My  proTincB  is   to  atate   facta. 


"  Ao  eiample  of  it  as  '  armes  imrlaiites  ' 
DccuiB  in  the  rolls  of  Hcury  Ul.'g  time  : 
*  Robert  d'Agalon,  de  gcnles  oue  uiig 
/eur-rfe-iiid'arEBnt.'  Glover'aBoll;  Agu- 
Ion  and  Agulho,  signifying  in  medieval 
Latin  a  point  or  the  top  of  a  spire.  '  Apel 
lurris  EcelesiiE  '  (Ducange  in  voce).  The 
pointed  architecture  of  the  thirteenUi  een- 
lury  presenting  na  almost  invariably  with 
floral  terminaliong  (fiaialt)  of  this  precise 


form. 


lions.  Aa  an  oroament  the  flenr-de-lfi 
b  seen  on  Roman  raoDumenta,*  and  a* 
the  top  of  a  sceptre  or  iword-hilt  from 
the  earliest  periods  of  the  French  mo< 
narcliy.t  As  a  badge  or  cogaiiance  it 
first  appears  on  the  seals  of  Louis  VII.  of 
France,  called  Le  Jeune,  and  alio  anr- 
named  Fleiiry,  from  the  abbey  of  that 
name,  the  favourite  retreat  of  the  French 
kings,  and  wliere  Philip  I.  was  buried, 
by  Philip  II.  earnamed  Anguitua,  the 
contemporary  of  our  Richard  Land  John, 
it  was  borne  both  singly  and  repeated, 
'      '       '     nalogy  aupporta  the 


of   French   w 


of  tl 


n  thii  lubject 
came  to  long  ago — mat  the  flenr-de  lya  Or 
flower  de  luce  was  merely  a  rebns,  signi^- 
ing  Reur  de  Louis  or  dower  of  Lewis." 

Mr.  Planch^  then  proceeds  to  speak  of  iti 
early  introdaction  into  English  heraldry. 

*  Three  engraved  examples  are  giTsn 


'  Willi 


But  there  is  another  eismple  in  the 
iBrkable  for  its  disagreement 

'  hears  '  de  goulei 


!e  CantsloH 


:,  at '  the  leopards'  beads  jes- 
nt  de  lis,'  which  we  afterwards  find  in 
e  coat  of  Cante'ufie,  which  is  the  same 
ime.speltindiffereotty  in  those  days  Can- 
lowe,  Canlelo,  Caottlup,  or  Cantilupe." 
Mr.  I'lanch^  then  proceeds  to  show,  by 
.gravinga,  how  the  band  or  string  which 
ay  be  supposed  to  lie  together  the 
tura-de-lis,  being  gradoally  enlarged  and 
uudcd,  came  to  be  oruaniented  with  a 
leopard 'b  bead,  in  punning  altu- 
lo  the  ta«C  gyllable  of  the  word  Canti- 


woir; 


Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


■■  The  fleur-de-lis  was  soon  selected  oa 
a  general  mark  of  cadency,  and  also  used 
as  an  amament  for  the  dieperinii  of 
ehrelds,  that  is,  covering  the  whole  field, 
or  separate  portions  of  it,  with  a  jiattern 
independent  uf  the  heraldic  bearings,  in 
imitation  of  the  fine  cloths  made  at  Ypres 
in  Flanders,  and  therefore  called  d'Ypre, 
from  whence  our  modern  diajttr." 

One  extract  more  relating  to  the  origin 
of  the  horse-sboei  boroe  by  the  family  of 
Ferrers. 

"  Tbree  or  six  hurse-ihoes  are  said  to 
have  formed  the  early  coat  of  the  Ferrers, 
Earls  of  Derby,  who  afterwards  bore  miry, 
or  aud  galti,  aud    the  horae-shoes  in  a 
border.       In    Glover's   Roll,    Gilbert   de 
Umfraviltc  and  William  de  Montgomery 
bear   alio   Ihe    hurte-shoes  in  a   border. 
This  coHt  is  asaerted  to  have  been  borna 
as  chief  of  the  Farriers,  or  Mareschal,  to 
William  the  Conqueror;  but  Henry,  who 
came  over  with  the  Norman  William,  signs 
himsel([.>)'-HenricnadeFeriierei,''sheil'- 
iug  that  it  was  the  nime  of  a  place, 
not  of  an  occupation  or  office.      I   baTfl    I 
not  been  able  to  find  any  authority  for  thn    | 
hone-sboee  in  the  coat  of  Ferrers  pre-   I 
riouB  to   the  marriage  of  William   third   \ 
Eiu]  of  that  christian  name,  with  SibiUa  i 
Marshal,  whoie  brother  Waller  oertainljr  J 
bore  one  hortc-ahoe  oi  a  hailttr..''     Then  \ 
follows  an  cogravina  of  Master  Wallerll.  I 
seal  as  Marshal  of  England,  which  bear*  4 
a  borse-shaeaudnailns  a  bodge  or  emblem 'I 


6^4 


MiacelUMeous  Hevinwt. 


CD« 


111  tliiH  |)kaiiaut  way  Mr.  Flanch^  hu 
compiled  b  Tfry  agreeable  book,  con- 
stracteil  upou  riglit  pTiuciplee,  and  calcu- 
lated ta  eieicbe  a  Terf  benefii^iBl  influcoce 
-upon  heraldic  literature.  In  big  next  re- 
vise vt  hope  he  will  supply  authoritjes  in 
oil  the  cases  in  which  nt  preaeot  they  are 
omitted,  lie  has  gentrBlly  done  bo,  and 
the  cases  to  which  we  allade  bare  proba- 
bly escaped  lib  attention  in  the  hurry  of 
compuflition.        

Memaln  illuilralirt  of  Iht  Hialory  and 
Aniiquitia  ijf  WilUhirt  mil  tkt  City  nf 
SaliibuTf.  Qimmwiicaled  at  the  .Annual 
Meeting  qfihe  Areiaologieal  Intlituti  iff 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  held  at  Salii- 
bury,  July  184y.  Sto.  Land.  IH&I.— 
Theac  papers  were  su  fully  reported  by 
US  at  the  time  of  the  Salisbury  meeting 
lliat  our  prcscuC  duty  in  refereDce  to  them 
will  be  performed  by  a  eim|de  announce- 
iDcnt  of  their  appearance  in  their  per- 
manent form.  TLey  make  an  eicelleot 
Tolume.  Amongst  them  are  a  very  de- 
lightful paper  by  the  Rev.  Joscpli  Hunter 
ill  cummemoratiun  of  aatiquarian  gather- 
ings at  StoutlieaJ  frum  ltJS5  to  lS33 — a 
charming  little  bit  of  literary  historj  and 
remiuiEccnce ;  papers  of  great  value  by 
Mr.  Ednin  Quest  on  the  Early  English 
Setllcments  in  Soulh  Britain  )  on  EccU- 
i^iasticid  and  Mouumental  Sculpture,  by 
Mr.  Rii'bard  Westmacutt ;  on  the  Cna- 
Cnmal  of  BleaJon  aud  the  Agricultural 
Tenures  of  the  Thirteenth  Century,  Uy 
Mr.  Edward  Smirke ;  on  the  Earldom  of 
Salisbury,  by  Mr.  J,  U.  Nichols  ;  on  tha 
Mints  of  Wiltshire,  by  Mr.  Hawkins  ; 
a  catalogue  raiBonnt-  of  the  Works  of 
Aiirieiit  Sculpture  preserved  nt  Wilton 
House,  by  Mr.  Newtun  ;  a  Diary  of  ei~ 
Cflvntions  and  eiaminatious  of  Earth- 
works in  the  neighbourhood  of  Avchury 
and  Silbury,  by  the  kle  Dean  Mcre- 
wcthcr  ;  and  a  paper  on  Market  Croues, 
by  Mr.  Britton,  with  many  otliers.  Papers 
from  such  men — all  archie  olagical  leaders 
in  their  respeclivo  departments  uf  inquiry 
— cannot  but  constitute  a  volume  uf  high 
value.  Tho  illustratiuns 
and  admirably  executed. 


Diary  nf  a  Dtan,  ieing  an  acrounf  Iff 
the  Examination  i/f  Silbury  Hill,  and  of 
enrjous  barroirt  and  other  tarthworki 
on  the  Doumi  of  North  Wilt;  opened 
aid  inceilisaled  in  tie  tuotithe  qf  July 
aadA«yiul,lK\^.  With illuttralioiu.  By 
the  laU  John  Merewether,  D.D.,  F.S.A. 
Dean  of  Hertford.  Hto.  Land.  18SI. 
— Thin  U  a  separate  publication  of  two 
pnpcm  in  the  above  volume,  in  issuing 
vvhidi  the  publisher  states  that  he  is  fnl- 
lilliug  the  wishes  of  the  lamented  author 


eipreased  to  him  a  very  itiort  time  befa 
his  death.  "  The  little  volnme.*'  it 
gracefully  remarked  in  a  prefUory  kdvl 
tisement,  "  may  be  looked  upon  ■■ 
legacy  to  his  native  connty,  whoHi  anl 
quities  be  began  in  early  life  to  atiidT,  ai 
never  ceased  to  estimate  aa  of  the  higfai 
national  importance."  It  ia  &  Talod 
contribution  to  our  history  of  Amde 
Wiltshire,  solemnised  and  rendered  inl 
resting  by  the  peculiar  cireumatancea 
its  publication. 

The  Mueenm  of  Oaietcal  A»tiquiHt 
a  Quarterly  Journal  of  AreMiieetin  • 
the  litter  branehet  of  Clante  Art,  F«f. 
Parker  and  Son.  1B!>I.— Wenoticcdfl 
Journal  with  high  commeDdatioti  on  t 
appearance  of  the  first  nnmber,  (Ga 
Mag.  Feb.  IBSl,  p.  183,)  wid  aie  pUw 
to  be  able  to  repeat  our  praiani  on  t 


all  of  an  admirable  c 
illustrations  sre  carefully  drawn  and  Ml 
ciently  iiomeroui.  Mr.  NesrtOD,  H 
Watkiis  Lloyd,  and  Mr.  Falkeaer  ha 
contribated  several  excellent  papeii.  T 
last  number  containi  a  curious  comnu 
cation  on  the  finildiag  Act  of  the  Empai 
Zeno.  translated  from  thaOamvui  by  li 
.   Hamilton ;   there  have  alao  bs« 


jamin  Gibson.  All  who  hava  a  lore 
cIoBstcal  antiquitiei  ahonld  tnppoit  tl 
most  commendable  publieation.  Jliepapi 
are  occasionally  too  long,  bat  both  I 
design  and  execution  of  the  work  an  higl 


The  Poptt:  att  HIiloHeal  £ 
CBrnpriaay  a  period  qf  17M  yttrmfix 
Linut  (0  PfUi  IX.  car^nltg  eam^UtdJh 
the  ieil  hiitorieal  aulhorilim,  mmd  m 


book  may  be  useful  u  a  work  of  oa 
tioiial  reference,  for  which  it  la  pccnlia 
adapted  by  a  most  admirable  index  ;  1 
as  an  historical  compilation  it  ia  not 
the  kind  which  we  can  commend,  II 
in  eflcct  a  long  indictDMut  againit  I 
popacy,  hot,  tike  all  othar  indietnw 
should  be  maintained  by  ertdenee.  1 
make  no  doubt  of  Dr.  Wilka'a  gmm 
care  oa  a  compiler;  but  it  ia  ooalnny 
all  justice  and  charity,  aa  well  aa  to  i 
aound  hiatorical  praotioe  at  the  prN 
day,  to  claim  belief  for  (itch  moMbi 
asser^ons  aa  are  here^put  forth  wllhavl 
least  a  distinct  referanoe  to  tha  orU 
authorities  on  which  Ihey  are  boilL  Wl 
(be  author  occaaionallT  refen  to  aethi 
ties,  which  he  generally  doaa  in  preaf 
the  statements  in  bis  notea^  we  —Bant  i 


1851.] 


M'ucelUmeous  R&vieies. 


that  we  e>n  eomcid«  in  hit  deacri]'! 
their  rala*.  Wo  iriU  giie  one  ci^ 
Id  manj  parts  of  his  book  he  rc( 
"  TowQsend,  op.  cit."  We  din.!  n 
collect  to  which  of  oor  "  historicai  ni 
ties  "  this  conld  posiiblr  eJlnde.  [im 
h)ng  time  forbore  to  inquire.  Ai  I 
being  attracted, at  p.  70,  under  Popi 
VIIE.  b;  the  following  itran^i^ 
"Masaoans  Mfs  of  tbii  pope  '  ili 
bishops  of  Rome  canool  e^en  ci  ■  m  1 1 
without ^BU«'  (Townsond  op.  iit. 
thought  wB  wonld  endeaTonr  to  :•.- 
what  Towniend  this  was.  Tun^iii^: 
page  by  page  for  thirty  pages  wt  i.. 
page  45,  somewhat  to  Our  Bnr].>ri5i 
this  "best  bistoricsl  authority  "  » 
book  entitled  "The  Accusatiooa  ol 
ory  against  the  Church  of^Kum 


It  ii 


le  of  the  departments  of 
n   the  latter  character,  in- 


rs  (o  deed,  without  it        .        _ 

t  re-  its  auitablencM  for  more  popular  purposes, 

hori'  that  we  should  especially  recommeod  this 

for  a  book.     Ita  form,  that  nf  a  aacce^sian  of 

nj^lli,  propDsitioiis   put  forth  to  be  proved,  u 

John  well  ai  ili  clearness  and  precision,  reader 

note,  it  peculiarly  adapted  for  educulionnl  par- 

I  the  pDSea  \    and    we   are   much   mialnken   if, 

LI  sin  ipeaking   generally,    masters    as   well   u 

"  ve  acholare   would    not   fiud  it   open    their 

rlain  minda  to  many  thingB  which  have  nCTGi- 

bd>:k  yet  been  dreamt  of  in  their  phtloaophy. 

11(1  at  Mr.  Craik  is  "  well  up  "  in  the  vmlings  of 

t)iat  LTttham,   Gueat,  and  Qarnett,  tbe  latest 

a  tbe  and  best  of  onr  phllologets,  and,  beside* 

His-  throwing  new  illuslrition  on  every  point 
brings  to  the  coosiden' 


worthy    Mr.    Prebendary    Town»cnd    of      his  subject   a  clear  and  practised  intellect 
Durham.     Referring  to  Uiat  book,  .ifl^r  a      which   holds   the   balance    between  con- 
0  found  tbe  passage  illuiled      dieting  autboriliea  with  isteidiaesB. 


to  at  p.  140,  There 
words,  professedly  quoted  by  Ti 
from  "The  History  of  Popery  ■ 
410.1735),  "  MaMonuB,Ub.3.Y,', 
IX.  tells  ui,  '  Episoopos  Roi.  . 
peccata  quidem  sine  laude  conm 
the  bishops  of  Rome  cannot  even 
sinswithontpraise.— P.  6."  No. 
out  making  any  remark  upon  Dr.  \\  ilb: 
having  appUed  to  Pope  John  Vllr.  »' 
■eema  torelste  to  John  IX..  if  to  any  |i 
at  aU.  we  must  say  that  a  dtatiuo  ot'  I 
bendary  Townsend,  who  tnina  out  lo  !i 
borrowed  from  an  anonymous  com  |>il!il 
of  which  he  did  not  even  know  Ibe  ni 
of  the  author,  and  that  anonymou;  .itiiI 
whoever  he  might  be,  lo  have  biTnn 
from  Masson,  a  French  writer  ol  I!h'  i 
teenth  century,  who  could  be  i.a  r. 
authority  with  respect  to  either  Ji 
VIII.  or  John  IX.  both  of  whom  livec 
the  ninth  century — we  tay  thai,  ivei 
rhyme  or  reaaon  could  be  made  nut  of 
words  quoted,  which  in  thii  i 
difficult,  we  should  not  think 


ring  the  hiatory  of  our  lin^uage 
Mr.  Craik  commennes  by  considering 
wbst  are  the  tarioua  races  by  whom  our 
country  b»  been  inhabited,  aaJ  what  the 


t  at  tl 


Dr.  Wilki 
compilatio 
rities." 


np  to  the  promise  of     courtly 
"  "      Frenct 
har<iiBi 


present  language  of  the  differing  spei^cl 
Celt,  of  Roman,  of  Saioii,  of  Daue,  a 
it])-      finally,  of  Norman.     The  speech  of  CeU    i 
and  ofRonieasuCceStivelyyleldedamonitt  J 
us  almost  entirely  to  that  of  the  victit-   ) 
rious    Saion.      DIaleeUcal    peenliaritiel    . 
introduced    by    the   Danes    modijied   tha 
Ssnoa  of  tlie  oatives  of  Britain 
district),  but  do  not  eeem  to  have  pro* 
duced  any  great  or  permanent  effects  upon 
[lor,      the  general  laoguage.     With  tbe  Norroii*    J 
wed      Conquest  ensued  a  change  far  wider  and  .| 
'it-      mo  ro  radical.     A  French-speaking  family* 
rest      upon  tbe  throne,  aarronniled  by  a  FreBal^  ■ 
olin      apeaking  court,  a  French -speaking  arrojTt  1 
i  la      and  French-speaking  churchmen  and  law-  ] 
n  if      ysrs,  threatened  destruction  to  the  bomdf 
the      and   unfashionable   Saion.      The   contMt 
(ery      between  tbe  (peeche*  terminated  in  a  C0iii< 
book-      promise.     The  S*ion  was  aoflened  by  it 


igthenej 
brother,  and  t 


Normui< 
9  rougher  and 
.  between  tha    , 
two.  and    by  means    of  a    rivalry   whieb 

luted  for  centuriei,  was  ultimately  formed    I 

Otttliiui  t>f  Ikt  HMoTji  qf  lAf  Eni/liiA      <Wr   present   speed],    a   langnage   which, 
Langungt.fvr  l\i  nntjflKtJmaiar  Claim      tritb  all  its  anomalies,  Is  scarcely  anrpasHd 
in   Calltgti,  and  lit  Niphtr   (.■Inum  in     by  that  of  any  people  in  the  world  in  Ibl .  1 
~  ■     ''.  .Sy  George  L.  Craik,  Prulrunriif    power  and  strength,  its  glowing,  splendid  ( 


Hillary  and  SnglUh  Ultrahin  in  IJne 
Colligt,   Btlfiat.     Umo.    Lo»d.    I'jl.— 
This  work  contains  an  abstract  of  ['srl  of  n 


richness,  lis  capability  of  exprs       „  , 

deepest  aubcletiei  of  thought  with   tha   ■ 
;  dIscrtmlnBtion,  of  indicating  wanM 


manner  as  to  be  suited  both  for  tlm  umuic-  orator,  uniurpasacd  in  ill  power  of  rouainf  t 
ment  and  edification  of  thegeneinl  reader,  the  active  principles  of  our  nature,  iff  \ 
and  for  being  need  uateitbook  in  any     overcoming  prejudioei,  and  winning  min 


place    of   education    In    which    EngUafa 


I   thoae  noble   purposes  which  are  tin    ' 


i 


636 


Miicellaneous  Review*. 


QDec. 


aims  nod  tests  of  tbe  highest  and  moit 
persDisife  eloquence. 

Mr.  Ctaiit  gives  in  an  A|ipctidix  forty- 
two  illuFtratiTC  specimeni  which  Mt  forth 
ths  varying  atate  of  oar  language  from 
tb«  time  of  the  Saion  Chronicle  to  Tenny- 
SOD— from  A.D.  1100  Co  1S15— an  inCe- 
lesting  and  laluable  collection  of  eiamplei, 
aptlj  and  naefully  conclading  a  volume 
which  we  recommend  to  tbe  pernsal  and 
use  of  all  who  would  either  itndy  or  teach 
the  btBtory  of  the  coaatruction  of  our 
nnble  mother-tongue. 

TAt  Land  qfiltt  Morning:  a  Record 
of  Too  Vmtt  lo  Polaline.  By  H.  B. 
WhitakerChurtoD.JIf..^.  Vicar  of  leklii- 
hats,  Satitx,  and  laU  Preacher  ijf  the 

Charlcrkovtt.  Orotcn  8ro. — The  Holy 
Land  has  atill  ita  pilgrims  :  add  no  lesa 
ardent  anddevoted  than  thoaeof  old.  The 
author  of  these  pages  haa  trod  tti  aanda 
in  a  spirit  of  as  deep  and  sincere  piety  aa 
any  of  his  precuraora.  Ita  historic  loca- 
lities baie  pretested  to  hia  mind  aa  many 
thankful  memories  of  the  past :  and  he 
has  looked  oaward  to  ita  future  deslinie* 
with  a  faitli  n  confirmed  and  aa  fervent. 
There  is  only  this  material  difference  in 
them 


*  tbe  ec 


:  that,  r 


IS  found  BufBcient, 
It,  to  inariire  his 
a    the    I 


FinUj,  and  others),  I  still  i 
lieTe  that  the  generally  i 
(thonah  now  M  far  wlthia  ths  wrnll*}  ii 
probably  correct.  Lond<m,  Oxford,  Vki 
other  mtiea,  in  their  pUeea  of  ezeenUoa, 
Bucli  as  Smithfield,  and  Bishop's  gate,  tai 
Broad  Street,  seem  to  afford  uialogcMl 
cases.  To  my  own  mind,  bowvrer,  1  cob' 
feas  that  the  general  locality,  and  genen] 
[not  precise)  identities  of  apot  afford  all 
that,  in  this  respect,  tbe  heart  csn  wish. 
Of  the  sea  of  Tiberias,  of  the  general  lo- 
cality of  Naiarelh,  and  of  Bethlehem,  and 
of  Bethany,  of  tbe  Mount  of  OliTea,  and 
even  of  Che  general  identity  (as  a  site)  ol 
Che  garden  of  Gethaemane,  thero  can,  I 
Chink,  he  no  reaaonable  doubt.  Withis 
the  platform  and  area  of  the  preaenl 
Harim  of  the  Moaques  of  Omar  and  El 
Aksa  stood,  no  doubt,  tbe  temple  of  Solo- 
mon. Tbe  Jordan,  though  probably  witi 
diminished  stream,  is  the  Jordan  still,  and 
little  if  any  donbt  can  be  entertained  ai 
to  the  leaser  waters  of  Siloam.  Bot  aa 
soon  as  tbe  mind  oeehs  aftar  exact  identit] 
nothing  can  ensne  hut  chagrin  and  diaap- 
pointmenC.  The  *ery  gnmod-leTel  ol 
which  we  tread  may  be  r^ed  ten,  sixteeo, 
twenty,  or  it  may  be  thirty  teet  above  tbs 
then  level  of  these 

Ildyflgldi 


□testant 


derouleet  sentiments 
canon  of  Holy  Scripture,  and  in  the  sure 
spirit  of  prophecy.  Theobjertof  hia  nar- 
rative is  not  merely  to  describe  the  pre- 
sent aspect  of  Palestine,  in  its  darkness 
and  desolation,  but  Co  point  alio  Co  the 
brighter  days  that  are  to  come  :  and  to 
rouse  the  Christian  (□  more  definite  views 
of  the  return  of  his  Lord  and  King  ;  in 
the  belief  that  tbe  time  is  approaching 
when  "not  England  and  London,  but 
JndEU  and  Jerusalem,  will  he  (he  irra- 
diating centre  of  the  light  of  Cbriafa 
truth."  As  an  example  of  tbe  discrimi- 
nation which  bos  guided,  and  controlled, 
these  anticipations,  we  extract  the  follow- 
ing reflections  on  the  Church  of  the  Holy 
Sepulchre : 

"  As  this  may  be  conaidered  (supposing 
it  to  be  the  actua!  locality)  as  omong  the 
moat  holy  spota  to  be  found  anywhere  in 
Palestine,  I  would  here  alBte,  once  for  all, 
that,  to  my  own  mind,  too  much  exact- 
nesB  seems  sought  for,  both  in  this  and 
many  other  instances.  The  exact  site  of 
Calvary,  and  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  is  a 
point  morccurioualj  interesting  than  really 
profitable  to    know.      The   words   of  the 


Rather  leC  ua  look  forward  to  tbe  brilhl 
future,  when  thii  city  shall  indeed  be  lb 
'  joy  of  the  whole  earth,'  and  Israel's  iaai 
•  the  glory  of  oU  Unda  '--even  '  Thj  lead 
O  Immaouel-'  '' 

Menoin  and  Advmlum  ijf  Sir  JtM 
Hrpburn,  knigkt,  Omnmor  ^  Mwtltk 
Marthal  of  Prance  iMder  Ijndt  Xitt 
and  Commander  nf  the  Scale  Biff  A 
under  Guilavut  Adelphat,  i(e.  Bf  Jtaaai 
Grant.  Blaetioood.  See.  IBS!.  —  Mr 
Grant  has  here  ehoaen  an  excellent  eab 
ject.     Sir  John  Hep  bam,  who  U  tennw 

stout  Hepbnrn  "  by  Captain  Dalfett; 


iraya  the  i 


uched    1 


his         

.  nnquestionahte  ofaiitbo 


in  the  world,"  wan  a  member  of  tba 
distinguiabed  body  of  volunteer*  aeBt  foitl 
by  Scotland  to  aid  the  cause  of  the  B 


'  He 


He 

ral  works  i 


Adolphus.  The  knowledge  of  tbe  art  a 
war  which  was  acquired  by  tbeie  Ml 
dicrs  oF  fortune,  enahled  some  of  tbei 
to  exercise  an  influence  Id  their  owi 
country,  at  the  commeneeineDt  of  OK 
great  Civil  War,  whidi  renJeit  thti 
history  one  of  peculiar  Inlereat  and  Im 


1851.] 


Miscallnneou!  Revie\ 


637 


portancc.  In  delincstiag  the  career  of 
Sir  JohD  Hepbam,  Mr.  Grant  liaa  been 
fortuQately  obliged  to  tracB  in  great  part 
tbe  general  course  of  bardahip  tuicl  adven- 
ture to  which  these  braie  men   »erc  ei- 

Jobn  Hepburn  nas  the  second  son  of  a 
respectable  Tamilj  seated  at  Albelstane- 
ford,  ■  Tillage  in  East  Lothian,  He  naa 
bom  about  1598  or  1600.  Ab  lie  ^rew 
up  he  beome  diitioguiahed  as  i  r  ill  and 
active  lad*  of  high  spirit  and  mj,i'\  I.^Lir- 
ing,  andearlj  eibibited  that  fop;i-  li  (■■uil- 
ness  for  dress  and  decoration  ir,  ■-,  hii  [i  lie 
indulged  to  his  detriment  throu-linir  \\is 
campaigns.  Of  school  edncation  lit  reems 
to  have  had  but  little,  althouRl,  the  re- 
learch  of  Professor  Lee  has  fioiK  some 
way  toirarde  establishing  that,  like  Dal- 
gettf  himself,  Hepburn  bad  fur  a  short 
lime  tbe  benefit  of  a  matriculation  at  one 
of  the  colleges  of  his  native  coontry.  In 
tbe  spring  of  1620  the  drains  of  Sir 
Andrew  Gray,  a  captain  of  celebrity, 
were  beating  throngbout  Scotland  for  to- 
lunCeeri.  Yonng  Hepburn  wai^  sitracted 
by  tbe  martial  invitation,  and  maile  one  of 
about  fifteen  hundred  recmita  nhu  tailed 
about  tbe  end  of  May  in  thut  yc.ir,  fram 
the  water  of  Leith  to  HollaDd,  en  route 
to  Bohemia.  It  ia  not  for  os  to  Iruce  the 
TarioQi  fortanes  of  tbe  long  ainl  irrrible 
war  in  wbicb  these  gallant  men  bur,^  jmrt. 
Hepburn  was  one  of  tbe  bravihl  uiiiongst 
them,  and  stands  distinguished  b;  name 
in  the  Intelligencers,  wheneverony  [luriug 
work  is  to  be  recorded,  He  soon  ob- 
tained a  company,  and  ere  long  s  icgi- 
ment.  Gustavus  Adolpboi  recmrkH  und 
admired  bis  bravery  and  ability,  jiml  cm- 
ployed  him  with  coDfidence  on  maoy  n 
desperate  service.  His  knighilifiod  waa 
obtained  before  1629,  and  aftir  ir,3Ulie 
is  found  in  command  of  a  division  ol  the 
Swedish  army  known  aa  Hephnrn'a  Scots 
Brigade,  or  the  Green  Brigad..-.  These 
Scottish  Grcen-coata  were  for  seviTiJ  yeart 

valour  was  broagbt  into  action  vi^li  tre. 
niendous  effect  at  Leipzig,  and  on  many 
other  occasions  which  stand  chionklcd  in 
this  bloody  history.  At  Leipng  t)ic  fate 
of  tbe  day  aeems  to  b»e  retted  wii 


thor's 


helmet,  sword  in  bond,  and  conspicuous 
on  bis  richly  caparisoned  horse,  Sir  John 
Hepburn,  who  outshone  all  the  army  in 
tbe  splendour  of  his  military  trBp{ilag;s, 
led  on  bis  Scqts  brigade,  and  then  cama 
the  bloodiest  encounter  of  that  well-fongltt 


"  His  Scots  advanced  in  dense  colnnuia, 
with  tbe  pikemen  in  front,  while  behind 
were  three  ranks  stooping  and  three  er 
giving  thus  lu'  voUeys  et  once  from  tha^ 
faces  of  their  squares,  and  pouring  in  their  J 
•     ■'     '   helmets  like  a  hail- 


rable  a 


I    of  Dl 


storm,  mowing  down  the  shrinking  enemy    1 
even  as  grass  is  mown  by  the  scythe,  and 
so  they  swept  on,  until  so  close  to  tha 
Auatrians  that  tbe  very  colour  of  theif 
eyes  was  visible,  when  Hepburn  gave  the     I 
order,  '  FBru-aTd,  piket  ! '  ' 

"  In  n  moment  the  old  Scottish  weapOD 
was  levelled  to  tbe  charge,  the  musketeen 
clubbed  their  moskets,  and,  with  a  land 
clieer,  tbe  regiments  of  Hepburn,  Lum*- 
den,  and  Lord  Reay,  each  ted  hy  its  colt^ 
nel,  burst  through  the  columns  of  Tilly, 
driving  them  back  in  irredeemable  confa* 
aion,  and  with  frightfiil  slaughter. 

"  Tbe  brave  Highlanders  of  Lord  Reiy 
rnrnied  the  leading  column   of  the  QresD    ' 
Brigade,  and  had  tbe  honour  Dfjfrat  break- 
ing  the   Austrian   ranks.    They  vrera  a 
thooaand  strong,  composed  of  that  noblc'a 
own  immediate  clansmen  ;  and  tbe  Impe- 
rialists regarded  Ibem  with  terror,  calling  ] 
them  Iht  iniindbte  old  regiment,  and  tbe  J 
right-hand  of  Guatavus  Adolpbus. 

"  Led  by  Muaro,  the  right  wing  of  tl 
brigade  carried  the  Irencbes  of  the  Wat*  J 
loon  infantry,  stormed  the  breastworka  atl 
push   of  pike,  and  captured  tl 
cutting  lo  pieces  the  gunners, 
minating    their    guards.     The    alaagbt^  1 
would  hHvc  been  greater,  and  scarcaly  a  ^ 
man  of  those  coluuins  assailed  by  Hep-    ' 
bum  would  have  escaped,  but  the  ground 
where  they  fought  being  dry  and  parched, 
and  having  been   recently  ploughed,  the 
dust  raised  from  it  by  the  stormy  west   J 
wind  mingled  with  the  smoke  ot  tbe  ci 
teat,  and  favoured  the  tnmultnoua  retr 
of  the  enemy.     'We  are  as  in  a  dsrlL  J 
cloud,'  says  Slnnro  grapbicaUy,  ■ 
ing  half  our  actions,  much  lees  discemiof  1 1 
tbe  way  of  our  enemies  or  the  rr'  -'  — 


The  Saions  bad  fled  from  lln' 
The  Imperialiata  were  iu  full  |>ur=v 
them,  when  the  Scolisb  Brigade  tun  In 
the  advancing  enemy  in  the  full  llu 
victory.  "  Let  as  beat  these  tiir*, 
claimed  the  Imperialist  leader,  "an 

'■  In    full  armour,  with   laurel    i: 


"  This  old  national  air,  which  was  the 
terror  of  tbe  Spaniards  in  Holland,  and 
of  the  Anslrians  in  Germany — so  much 
so,  that  it  was  frequently  beaten  by  tbe 
drums  of  the  Dutch  at  uighl  when  they 
wished  to  keep  their  quarters  unmolested, 
was  first  composed  for  the  undent  guard 


638 


Mucullaniotu  Ravi«»§. 


CDec 
Ha  pn 


England  «u  too  dol 

ceeded  to   Fruice,  m  

ml  It  oDca  given  to  him  ■■  Cokiadl 
th«  old  Scottlah  guard,  and,  "  amid  A 
military  gplendoni  of  the  French  amj, 
Mr.  Grant  remark!,  hs  "could  iiuia]| 
irithoDt  reiirehensiDQ  in  that  prafkukl 
and  dliplay  which  wu  a      *'  '      -   -  -    - 


of  James  V.  when  mirchipg  to  attaclc  the 
castle  of  Tantallon  id  1527." 

The  itorming  of  Marienbnrg  wai  ano- 
ther acliievemrnt  of  the  Oreen  Coatt,  bat 
after  thej  had  forced  an  entrance  into  the 
citadel,  by  acta  of  slmoat  unparalleled 
bravery,  tliey  were  compelled  by  the  order 

of  OnataTDi  to  giro  way  to  a   Siredlsh  ,    ,  — 

regiment  which  had  taken  no  part  in  the  the  plain  Gnitarui  Adolphoa,  The  B 
real  baainCM  of  the  day— an  affront  wliich  of  a  gentleman  at  that  period  wa*  nnufl 
Hephum  never  forgot.  light  and  eiquiriMI;  poliahed,   cot,  Urn 

In  Guatami'i  campaign!  on  the  Rhine  gilded.  A  white  litk  icarf  waa  mmi  on 
and  the  Danube  Hepburn  and  hii  brigade  the  abouldar  of  tha  French  ofleeis,  an 
were  ever  amongst  the  foremoit,  but  the  their  hair  bnng  In  profiialoB  upon  thiJ 
aerrice!  of  tbeae  fiery  men  were  dependent  ihoulden  and  eoUara  of  rich  lace,  wble 
upon  ten  thousand  cbani^cs.  An  imagi-  were  ipread  over  gorget*  of  gUdad  atMJ 
nary  affront  would  at  anytime  drive  them  The  hitt!  of  their  rapien,  the  topiofthei 
ftomlheonecampto  the  other,  Tliey  felt  knee  jacl-booti,  the  bonainga  of  tU 
'  '  ve re  merely  hories  and  lioleters,  were  fringed  and  tal 
ifllled  with  gold  or  ailTcr,  aod  nolUa 
could  be  more  brilliant  and  iplemdid  tha 
the  aipect  of  a  regiment  of  borae  or  tbol 
when  the  !un  ibone  on  all  tha  gUlteb^ 
point!  of  their  equipment. " 

Such  a  tcrrlce  muit  In  aame  HapMt 
hare  been  most  dellghtfol  to  g>tbUm 
like  Hepburn.  One  can  eadlj  inMlia 
that  loldiera  at  once  !o  gallant  and  • 
■eoiilire  jnitified,  If  thajr  did  not  d* 
occasion  to,  the  French  prorert*  '■  F|a 
comme  Eco!aaii."  In  the  Add  Hepbon 
nonlinncd  a!  daring  aa  ever,  and  waa  n 
warded  for  Jiis  lerrlcei  In  a  campalii 
Lorraine  tn  ISM 


dom  of  a  cump  in  an  ciiomy'i  country. 
The  hearllcsuncis  of  their  aeriicc  may  be 
judged  from  the  fact  that  Hepburn,  the 
zealous  anil  diHtingnished  follower  of  that 
"bulwark  of  the  Protcitant  faith,  the 
Lion  of  the  North,  the  terror  of  Austria, 
OustaTui  the  Victorious,"  was  himself  a 
Roman  Catholic.  Some  Indiscreet,  ill- 
tempered  words  which  fell  from  Gustavu! 
Xn  thi!  head,  conpleil  nilb  a  scoriirul 
lion  to  llie  foppishnrea  of  Hepburn's 
armour  and  apparel,  and  aidc^l  bv  llic 
recollection  of  tlic  way  in  whici 
of  honour  had  been  taken  from  hi 
Marienburg,  fired  the  Scotlsh  blood  of 
Hepburn  beyond  endurance.  He  resigned 
his  commission  on  the  instant,  and  bound 
himself  by  an  adjaration  that  he  tcould 
never  more  unshesth  his  sword  in  the 
quarrels  of  Sweden.  Guftovus  in  said  to 
have  made  some  amemie,  and  to  have 
even  lollciled  a  renewal  of  Hejibum's 
friendship,  bat  in  vain.  The  soldier  of 
fortune  had  taken  his  outh.  His  honour 
was  pledged,  and  could  only  be  anlisflcd 
hv  his  retirement  from  the  Swedish  camp. 
Ere  he  withdrew  he  performed  Tarions 
services  forGustavns,  in  token  of  personal 
recondlUtion,  but  he  bad  sworn  never 
more  to  draw  sword  on  his  behalf,  and 
hlsktiightly  punctiliousness  could  besniii 
fled  only  by  a  literal  performance  of  Ih 


equivalent  we  believe  to  Mqor-GoDerd 
In  the  year  following  he  croased  lb 
Rhine,  and  le  Regiment  d'Hehron,  m  U 
troop!  were  called,  "aon  nomd'HepbtmMi 
remarks  Fire  Daniel,  "  6tant  diBeUa  i 
prouoncer,"  sdiuired  the  lame  repnWlM 
for  invincibility  which  had  diitlng«^^ 
rbr  Gn>cn  Coats  of  GuiUvua  Adolphu. 
It  was  in  the  midat  of  thii  Uan  a 
soldierly  rejintation,  and  at  the  eerif  h 
of  1G  or  xn.  that  all  tbla  gallaatiT  m 
brought  to  a  audden  close.  The  Prend 
were  besieging  Saveme,  a  fortiflod  towi 
near  Straibonrg.  A  breadi  had  boai 
effected  and  an  assaolt  was  made.  It  wn 
a  bright  anmrner'a  day,  and  the  weaths 
intensely  hot.  Column  after  oolunn  b 
French  and  Scotiih  and  Oemaa   Irod* 

lively  mowed  down.    After  hor  hmdiw 

men  had  been  left  amidst  the  ernmbli^ 

masonry  a  retreat  was   sounded.     Hep 

bum's    tall    plume    had  waved    fa    tib 

thickest  of  the  ttgbl,  but  he  rctorBod  «> 

wathed.   Two  days  afterwaida  tha  attaaap 

was  renewed,  but  again  in  vain.      A  Uttrt 

,    ,  3  heroes  of     time  the  breach  was  monoled,  and  ■  tUw4 

le  Hepburn  stamp,  time  without  lueoesa.     Tha   Are  ^  ik 

FcacecDunahlshand.bDtspreadihercliarnH      hatterie*   wsi    redoubled,  and    < 

In  tain.  waa  eagerly  btot  upon  a 


md  hasty  obligatioi 
Hepburn  quitted  Gustaiua 
period  when  his  services  would 
themostvaluable.  Hehadscarcclyrcacbed 
London,  whither   lie  bcut  his   step! 
leaving  the  Swedish  camp,  when  the  I 


"x; 


rc  Greet 


•t«Uf££ 


Antiquarian  Jieeearchea. 


1B51.] 

proTed  so  btal,  witii  dejiire 
what  were  those  peculiar  defences  which  bad 
hitherto  proied  impregnable.  Amongst 
those  who  approached  the  walla  for  thig 
purpose  was  Hepburn,  His  dashing 
plume  and  glittering  armour  attractM 
attention.  A  musketeer  took  aim  and 
■truck  him  in  the  neck;  be  sank  to  tha 
earth,  and  was  borne  away  b;  bis  faithful 
countrymen.  But  the  shot  was  fatal.  Hit 
laat  words  were  expressive  of  regret  that 
he  should  not  be  buried  in  that  land  where 
his  forefathers  had  found  rest.  He  waa 
interred  at  Toul,  near  Nancy,  and  there, 
in  the  Knithera  transept  of  a  beaullful 


039 

church,  may  yet  be  etea  a  noble  mona- 
ment  erected  to   hit  Diemory  by  grateful 

Such  a  history  offers  an  admirable  proof 
Unntasl  [iiDndaliDnstBnilatheinrTlDr's  pride. 
A  literary  man  trba  wanid  open  his  tjtt 
to  the  moral    lesaona    by    ntiich   snch  ■   ^ 
subject  ia  lurrounded  need  scarcely  dellM  J 
«  better  tbemc,     Wuwill  not  saji  ihat  NT      _ 
Grant  has  effected  all- that  might  be  da* 
sired  in  reference  to  it,  but  he  bas  dona 
good  seriice  in  directing  attention  to  the 
hiaWrlcsl    subject    of   which    Hepbnrn'a 
biography  forms  part,  and  in  many  re- 
spects Lis  labours  are  very  commendable.''' 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


of  Enniskillen,  on  the  diicovery  of  a  sin- 
gular structure,  of  piles  ind  a  trame-work 
of  timber,  in  a  lake  in  co.  Hoicommon. 
An  artificial  island  had  thus  been  formed, 
evidently  at  a  very  remote  period,  as  ap- 
peared by  the  objects  of  bronie  celts,  or- 
naments, and  implements  of  considerable 
andquilf  already  brought  to  light  around 
this  stockade,  sufficient  to  form  a  imall 
museum.  Canoes,  hewn  from  ■  single 
log,  had  also  been  found. 

The  Rei.  J.  L.  Petit  gave  a  report  on 
the  peculiar  featurea  of  Cbureh  Architec- 
ture to  certain  district!  of  France,  ns  com- 
pared with  structures  of  the  same  period 
in  England,  snd  pointed  out  some  inte- 
restisg  facta  connected  with  tbe  prograM 
of  the  earlier  stylea,  especially  in  the 
BeHuvoisiB. 

Sir  F.  Madden  read  a  curious  notice  of 
an  antique  intaglio  found  at  Seasa,  on  tbe 
northern  abores  of  the  Adriatic,  and  uaed 
in  tbe  middle  ages  as  a  lignet  hyanltalisB 
noblemsD  of  the  Roggieri  family,  probably 
in  the  thirteenth  century.  It  is  set  ia  ■ 
gold  ring,  thns  inscribed,  "  Sigillnm  Tho- 
masii  de  Rogeriis  de  Suessa."  Around  the 
hoop  are  the  following  le^wds.  "  Chrlatnl 
vincit,  Christui  regnat,  Chrijtus  imparat, 
— ct  verbum  caro  factum  est  et  ahitavit 
in  nobis,"  (some  of  the  word*  contracted.) 
This  beautiful  relic  ii  now  in  the  pOKei- 
siun  of  George  Borrett,  esq.  of  South- 
ampton. 

Mr.  Hewitt  deicribed  some  recent  ac- 
quisitions added  to  tbe  Tower  Armoury, 
and  eihibiud  an  unique  halm,  ef  great 
weight  and  eitraordinary  dimendou,  of 


Ibe  times  of  CKor-de-Lion.  Armour  of 
that  period  is  of  tlie  greatest  rarity,  and 
this  line  head-piece  is  believed  to  be  a 
genuine  English  eiatnple.  He  g»ie  so 
account  also  of  a  piece  of  artillery,  a 
hooped  gun  of  (he  earliest  fashion,  rescued 
from  the  wreck  of  the  Mary  Rose,  and 
presented  la  the  Armoury  by  the  directors 
ofiha  South  Eastern  Railway.  Theatone- 
shot  with  which  it  bad  been  charged  is  still 
visible  in  the  muisle. 

Mr.  Maberly  produced  a  series  of  plans 
snd  sections  of  Rising  Castle,  Norfolk,  and 
gave  a  short  account  of  that  fine  Norman 

The  Rev.  K.  Warre  gave  a  report  of 
I'ecenl  eiplorations  of  the  area  of  a  Britiah 
fortified  town  near  Weiton-»uper-M»rt. 
The  place  is  known  as  Werle  Hill,  ilta- 
Btcd  on  tbe  esUtes  of  Mr.  Pigott,  by 
whose  permission  eiteniiie  rxcavationa 
were  made  in  October  lasL  Numerous 
circular  cavitiea  were  found,  supposed  to 

of  the  same  rlasa  as  the  Pen  Pits,  on  the 
burdero  of  Somerset  and  Wilts,  described 
by  Sir  R.  Colt  Hoare,  Cole's  Pita,  at 
Little  Coiwell,  Berks,  tbe  Pit  Steads  on 
the  Derbyabire  Moots,  eiamined  hj  Mr. 
Balcmsn,  andaimilar  cavities  near  Whitby. 
Tlic  pits  eiamined  hj  Mr.  Warre  were 
surrounded  by  a  lacing  of  rude  moaonry. 
laid   without  mortar ;  they  contained   ill 


>  One  of  his  great  defects  is  in  hla 
mode  of  quoting  his  authorities.  He 
dues  himself  and  hit  publiahei  great  In- 
jualice  by  such  rofcreoces  db  "Schiller," 
'■  Puffendorf,"  •■  Harte,"  Ac,  &o.  TTiej 
stamp  discredit  uiHin  a  book  at  once. 


640 

wood,  bones  of  uiiinBl«  aged  for  food,  &c. 
were  found  in  BbuDdonce.but  the  diBCOverf 
of  BkeletoQS  appeared  to  shew  that  tbeie 
curious  pits  bad,  at  some  period,  been 
used  as  places  of  sepulture. 

Professor  Buckman  delailed  the  re- 
sults of  late  eicaTUtions  at  the  Leiuees, 
Cirencester,  a  localit;  long  known  u  a 
mine  of  andent  relics.  The  diggings  hnie 
lately  been  resumed  with  great  succeis, 
eitcnsive  remainB  of  buildiags  hale  been 
brought  to  light,  nndaumcrous  antiquities 
of  Talue.  Subscriptions  are  solicited  to 
carry  out  this  undertaking  with  full  effect. 

The  callectiDn  of  ancirnt  objects  and 
works  of  art  exhibited  were  unusually 
numeruus,  comprising  especially  anumber 
of  Saion  weapons  found  during  the  pre- 
vious week  at  Nottingham ;  several  im- 
plements or  weapons  of  stone,  found  in 
the  Uritisli  Isles,  jwrticularly  two  stone 
weapons  of  unusuul  size  and  form,  from 
the  ancient  hUl-forlrcss  called  "  Cum- 
ming's  Camp,"  co.  Aberdeen,  renowned 
for  the  exploits  of  the  Bruce  and  Cuming, 
on  its  site.  The^c  early  weapons  are  the 
property  of  tlie  Rev.  S.  W.  King.  Some 
very  singular  objects  of  atone,  of  unknown 

andna,  were  produced  by  Mr.  S.  I'ritt.  Mr. 
Brockstone  sent  several  unique  objects  of 
stoiicfromthcBay  of  Honduras.  The  lion. 
R.  Neville  sunt  some  of  tlie  recent  results 
of  his  discoveries  at  Little  Willjraham, 
where  be  has  brought  to  light  a  rich 
variety  of  ornaments,  weapons,  and  re- 
markable vestiges  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  age, 
DOW  preserved  at  Audley  End.  A  fac- 
simile of  an  inscribed  slab,  lately  found 
in  Devon,  was  communicated  by  the  Duke 
of  North umberland,  and  pronounced  by 
l>Ir.  Westwood  to  be  of  the  sixlhor  aeventb 
century,  and  a  curious  addition  to  the 
early  Christian  memorials  of  the  western 
counties  and  Wales,  which  he  ii  preparing 
for  publication.  Mr.  Faulkner  produced 
foc-similcs  of  monumental  figures  com- 
memorating Bomc  of  the  ancestors  of 
General  Washington,  lately  found  iu  Oi- 
fordBliire.  Tlu  discovery  had  excited 
much  interest,  lisviug  been  noticed  in  the 
New  York  journals.  A  remarkable  "  pa- 
limpsest "  painting  was  shown  by  Mr. 
Payne,  of  Lcictstrr,  having  been  originally 
a  portrait  of  Wyclille,  but  painted  over, 
and  converted  into  that  of  "  Robertus 
Langtoii,  doctor,"  whose  name  appeari 
concealing  that  of  WycliHe.  This  later 
work  oppcars  to  bo  of  tlie  limes  shortly 
before  the  Refornialion  j  and  is  very  re- 
markable from  tbc  assemblage  of  pilgrims' 
signs  that  it  displays.  Tlie  original  paint- 
ing appears  to  W  of  the  fifieenth  century, 
and  bears  much  reseniblanoe  to  the  fine 
portrait  at  Knoto. 
10 


Antiquarian  Reiearchti. 


{pec 


Edward  Hnsley,  eiq.  brought  ■  atilyu 
weight,  coated  with  hronie,  uf  the  tbm 
of  Henry  III.  ornamented  with  annofii 
eseutcbeona,  the  bearing  of  Clare,  theeagl 
displayed,  and  a  lion  rampant.  It  wi 
obtoined  from  Oxfordshire.  Tha-  Rev.  J 
M.  Trahcme  sent  casts  f^m  an  iiucri| 
tion  in  Clienton  chnrch,  Pembrokeihin 
pronounced  by  Mr.  Weatwood  to  be  « 
the  fifth  century.  A  cnrioai  deeorati* 
tile  from  Ensham  Abbey  was  ezhibitB 
by  the  last-named  gentleman,  nnireaenti^ 
u  mounted  knight,  bearing  the  heattt 
shaped  shield.  He  brought  alao  ■  fiiU 
size  fac-simile  of  the  iculptured  fnaciaanr 
rounding  the  west  doorway  of  Kenilworll 
church,  a  remarkable  example  of  Normaj 
work.  A  singularBilvergemel  ring  fooni 
in  Dorset,  the  legend  Aet  Maria  beini 
partly  inscribed  on  each  moiety,  and  leciU 
only  when  they  are  united,  waa  prodnea 
by  the  Rev.  C.  Bingham  :  Mr.  Whincopj 
sent  au  interesting  relic  of  the  aame  clea 
found  at  Cnpel  St.  Andrew's,  near  Ipiwiet 
a  ring  with  the  posy — "  Tont  pour  Um 
feyre."  Mr.  Sulley  exhibited  a  fine  gob 
ring  with  the  imprest  of  a  merchaatl 
mark,  aud  the  words  "  Mon  cur  avei,' 
found  at  St.  Ann'i  Well,  NottiogUn 
Several  matrices  of  seats,  chiidr  tareigu, 
were  shewn  by  Mr.  Almaek;  and  the  B«T. 
Arthur  HusBey  sent  a  relic  of  the  ena- 
melled work  of  Limoges,  liii.  cent,  a  p)ate 
now  much  defaced,  found  in  digging  i 
grave  at  Rottingdean.  The  ootnpletioi 
of  tbc  volume  of  Traniaetioni  at  Saliatnuy 
published  by  Mr.  Bell,  Fleet  Street,  wai 


Nov.  5.  Mr.  J.  CotliDgwood  Bn» 
read  a  paper  by  Mr.  John  Hodgioti  Hiade 
upon  the  site  of  the  Bremetenracam  oftbt 
Nutitia.  As  this  subject  is  Bttractin{  i 
good  deal  of  attention  at  present  we  gin 
an  abstract  of  the  p^>er.  In  tbe  enO' 
meraliou,  in  the  Notttia,  of  tbe  atatiiiiu 
suhurJiuate  to  tb»  Duke  of  Britain,  th< 
first  thirteen  are  given  witboataay  fenen 
distinctive  Ucle,  but  befiHe  the  aneceedin| 
twenty.three  occur  the  worda,  Itam  pm 
lineant  valli.  It  was  natural,  in  the  fird 
instance,  to  look  for  all  tlieae  on  the  Um 
of  the  Wall,  but  it  baa  long  been  anu 
tained  that  there  are  but  teventeen,  or  M 
moat  eighteen,  in  immediate  connexiol 
with  this  Kractore.  The  next  atap  wa 
to  seek  for  the  remaining  five  or  aix  ata- 
lions  in  tiie  viciitily  of  the  wall.  Horalaj 
thought  he  had  found  them  in  tha  campi 
situated  onthe  roads  leading  from  the  Wall 
Houlhwarils.  (ilannibanta  wai  earned  t( 
Lanchester,  AlionE  to  Whitley,  Brena. 
to  Old  FEQiitli,  ^" 


1851.] 


Antiqum 


Old  Carlisle,  and  Viroaidum  to  Ellea 
burgh ;  and  a  degree  of  coniisteacy  irn 
given  lo  this  theory  b]r  an  inicnptioii 
found  St  Whitley,  in  which  mention  \^ 
made  of  the  third  cohort  of  the  Nervii, 
the  very  corps  who,  according  to  the  No- 
is  by  no  meaaa  boneier  concloaiTe  eii- 
dence.  Although  tbe  cohorts  were  coin- 
parBlively  BtaCionary  in  tbeir  Kveriil  lo- 
calities, Uiey  occasionally  moved,  atid  bare 
Id  Eeveral  instBDces  left  inieriptionj  in 
atationa  where  they  were  not  permaneotly 
settled.  HowBTer  ingenious  Horelej's 
theory  it  does  not  carry  conricUon  with 
it ;  and  we  are  at  liberty  to  look  elsewhere, 
bat  within  the  district  oF  the  Duke  of 
Rrilain,  for  the  remaining  atBtioDS. 

It  is  remarlcahte  that  an  inacriplion 
which  bears  directly  upon  this  aubjeci  has 
hitherto  been  overlooked.  It  is  on  an  nltiir 
which  was  found  at  Ribehesler.  Doth 
Camden  and  Horaley  were  aware  of  its 
existence,  but  they  knew  it  only  through 
the  medium  of  a  faulty  transcript.  Dr. 
Whitaker  deciphered  its  still  legible  olia- 
racters,  and  (urnished  an  interpret  ution 
generally  satisfactory,  thcagh  he  was  baf- 
fled by  a  single  word,  which  wu  the  one 
necessary  to  identify  Bremetenracum  with 
Ribchesler.  He  giieslhe  inscription  thua  : 


!  Researches. 
The  Nolitia  places  a 


remetenraenm  a 
whioh  Horsley 
translatea,  "  a  boLiy  of  men  in  ariDour." 
But  this  description  Hpplii-s  oqiially  well 
to  nil  the  Roman  troops  in  Bnlain.     By 
supplying  nn  iaitiul  S,  and  making  a  tn. 
fling  alteration  in  the  latter  part  of  tbe 
word,    "  Dnnaturamm  "  ii  changed  intif 
Sarmatarum.      We  are  thus   enabled    to 
correct  what  appears  tu  ba  an  error  iu  the 
Notttia,  and  to  identify  the   Brci 
racum  of  the  document  with  tbeBremeto-   I 
nacJto  of  the   Itinerary.     Althoogh    Ihfl    j 
Ribcheeter  inscription    ia   the   on' 
whicli  mentions   Bremetenracaia 
name  of  the  station,   nereral   bar 
found  n-hicli  pUce  it  beyond  a  doubt  that    , 
the   Ala   Equitum   Sarj 
garriaon  at  that  place. 

Maneiinium   has   long  been  identified   I 
with    Manchester ;  if   BremetoiHCum   ba   ( 
now  considcrud  u  fiieJ  at  Kibcheiter  as' 
important  point  is  gained  in  the  unrarelU 
ing  of  the  Xth  Iter. 

Hortley  placed  Coccium  al  Ribcheiter, 
although  this  left  him  hut  leTenleen  miles 
as  the  distance  front  thence  to  Manchester. 
Tlie  Itinerary  distance  is  thiny-SBven 
miles;  the  actual  diitunce  twenty-nine 
English  or  rather  more  than  thirty-one 
Roman  miles.  This  drove  HoiBley  ta 
suppose  that  there  was  an  error  in  (lie 
Itinerary.  Three  circumstances  militata 
against  such  an  idea ;  first,  the  diitanow 
between  the  stalioaa  in  this  Iter  are  ■!• 
ready  unusually  great ;  secondly,  all  eopie* 
"'   ■'""   '"^ — ary   are  agreed  as   Co   tha 


tigu. 


iirdly,  the  sum  of  cbe  mile*-  - 


=riptiot 


s  fotlowi 


lito 


0  Apoloni  Apono  pro  lalule  Dhmi 
fJoilri  Ala  Kqailum  Sarnialitratit  f/riir- 
liuaoriim  IHaniuf  Anioniul,  Cenlurh 
Ltgioait  Sfxla  Viclricii  IJomu  VelUiia." 
The  doctor  adds.  "  1  snspect  the  wjrrl 
which  foilowg  Sarmatarum  to  eipri  •>!  a 
subordinate  tribe  of  that  widely- s)<n»d 
nation  the  Sarmatie  Brenetenni  i  at  leas!, 
1  can  assign  no  other  meaning  to  it.' ' 

It  is  well  known  how  easily,  on  a  par. 
tially  defaced  inscription,  u  may  be  mis- 
Uken  for  N.  Now  the  substitationaf  one 
of  these  letters  for  the  other  in  the  cn*e 
before    us    clears  up    the   difficulty,    and 

tion  of  liremetennorBGi  (Bremetenrnri). 
If  this  reading  be  correct  it  goes  hr  tn  Hi 
the  station  at  Ribchester. 

Another  important  piece  of  iafoimiitinu 
may   be  gleaned   from    this   inscription. 

Grnt.Mao.  Vol..  XXXVl. 


iu  a  unit>  with  tbe  total  mileage  of  tlw  i 
Iter.  .\b  we  do  not  know  that  CoaoiuBL't 
lay  Id  a  direct  line  between  MancuainiiCS 
and  Bremctonicum,  tbe  actual  dlatonca  af*f 
thirty-one  Raman  miles  betireen  Man-  I 
cheater  and  Ribchester  doe*  nOt  111  c. 
roapond   with   tbe    Itinerary   ilbtatioa   of  ■ 

At  Oieihorough   there  an  niidoubtel 


»  of  a  Romi 


Jidi«. 


nearly  corrcspoodi , 
with  that  which  tbe  Itinerary  InterpMcB 
between  Bremetoaaeum  and  Oaiacum. 
It  is  remarkable  that  Camden  hall  soma 
luapicion  of  the  idenlity  of  Galacum  and 
Overborongh  in  consequence  of  the  name 
of  the  rivnlet  on  which  the  Utter  standa, 
the  Lat?  being  incarporated  in  the  Latin 

Brough,  a  little  to  the  left  of  Horaley't 

direct  line,  will,  in  point  of  distance,  answer 
very  well,  for  the  Alone  of  the  Itinerary, 
and  its  name  may,  uerbapa.  be 
Ad  Loonm— on  the  Lon  or  Lni 


"ht 


(ilanuTenta  have  still  tixbe  providrd  ftvr  fl 


643  Foreign  Newt.  QDe 

it  is  nnt  impossible  that  Wbille^  ni>7  be  gatevijs  of  thi  itation,  which  cihiU 

the  latter.     It  occupies  a  barren  and  de-  many  interesting  ftetnrei,  of  vhlcb  hel 

solnle  sput,  one  ill  Bila|)te<]ive  might  think  alrpsd;  gifen  the   soeletr   an   Bccom 

to  furm  the  coninienceinrnt  of  an   Iter;  <Iuriiig  this  excaTition  he  hid  diicoTC 

bat  it  is  the  centre  of  s  valosblL'  mineral  the  sonthem 
district,  and  ta  sach  nould  be  s  pi; 


nportince.     The   road,  j 
e  norlli 
ared  for 


Mr.  Q.  U.l'utterneit  read  b  paper  de- 
scribing gome  eicevatioDS  vhicb  he  had 
made  ut  UlrdoiRBld,  the  Amboglsnns  of 
the  Nittitia.  During  the  preceding  bummer 
he  had  laid  bare  the  eastern  and  western 


wbicb   .u   p 

i:;1j  hid  by  the  mini  of  tho  iDrroa 
reedin;  both  ing  Ijuildinps.  The  coiitignoiu  mil* 
found  standing  as  high  as  the  ■priii| 
the  arch ;  sereral  of  the  vouaioin  Uj 
the  ground  ;  one  guard  chaniber  mi  I 
lery  perfect  statr.  AmbogUuiln  «ru 
nays  an  iuteresting  elation ;  these 
searches  render  tt  increkslnglf  •o. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


Tlie  Ajscmbly  was  opened  on  the  4lli 
Not.  when  the  President,  in  the  conclud- 
ing pari  of  the  message,  directly  recom- 
mended the  abrogation  of  the  I'lrctoral 
law  or  the  .list  of  May,  IB.'iO.  A  com- 
mittee of  llic  Assembly  reported  in  favour 
of  its  maintenance.  A  debate  uo  the  ques- 
tion took  place  on  the  <>th,  when  the  mi- 
nisterial praposillan  was  iiegatircd  by 
.1S.1  to  347,  ■  uiajiirlty  of  six  only ;  In 
addition  to  wbirh  three  members  who 
meant  to  haie  voted  fur  the  proposi- 
tioD  were  by  accident  excluded  from  the 
diTlstuii;  anil  one  member  vht  uppcars  in 
the  majority,  protests  Iliat  bin  intention 
wM  to  liaTe  Totrd  in  the  minority.  On 
the  17th  another  Inipurti'nt  divLiiun  took 
place.  Tlic  QiiKstnrli  made  a  projiwittoii 
to  deiirive  the  Pri'sideut  of  the  eu:itrol  of 
the  army.  It  wai  uegativcii  by  4W  to 
300  )  and  the  dread  of  an  iniuiediate  civil 
war  nal  tbrreby  relieved. 

The  ecremony  of  iiiaucu rating  an  eques- 
trian Ktalge  of  William  of  Normandy,  the 
C:iiiii)ncriir  of  England,  Iniik  plm-e  nt  Fn 
laisc  on  Sunday  Oct.  9G,  in  prr!>encc  of 
an  immcnsi-  crowd  both  of  riench  and 
KiiL-l'lih.     M.  Gi 


n  the  0 


which  hi 


iliJatr 


»ii|ii'riorily  of  tlw 

those  of  war,  and  espedallv  eulogi^id  the 

Cml»l  I'aUic.'. 

The  dranine  of  •the  Lottery  of  lUc 
Inprfs  of  Hold,"  lir  a  decree  of  the  late 
Pn-fecl  of  VMct,  M,  Cnilier,  took  phipein 
Franmiii's  circus  on  the  Cb.impri  Klyp'Ve. 
on  Sunday,  the  ICth  nf  Noveuibrr.  Tlie 
amonnt  n'ceivcd  for  tickets  was  3,-l5n,0i19r. 


beniollern  in  IBll,  and  to  be  eontlm 
an  a  Prussian  order,  have  been  pnbliti 
There  are  to  be  two  btsnchea  of  It.  one 
be  grantetl  by  the  King,  the  other  by  I 
Prince.  The  Prussian  branch  ii  intenc 
js  a  memorial  of  the  origin  and  ei'emi 
of  the  Royal  House  of  Pruuia,  ••  wfah 
under  the  assiatance  of  Alaifgbtr  Ot 
has  eileiidrd  its  sway  from  the  rcNsky  pe 
of  tlic  [Iiiheninllern  to  tlie  Baltic  and  t 
shnreKortlicKoiihern  Ocean."  Theordi 
therefore,  is  to  bear  the  motto.  "  Vom  F 
Kiim  Mecr."  Tbe  iniignia  are  to  diipl 
the  Prusaion  eagle,  beaidestiiE  ■rma  oftl 
hnuolU-rii  and  tlie  Prusaian  colonn.  T 
chain  of  )lie  order  is  to  bear  the  armi 
the  burgriveaof  Kiirnberg  and  theooepl 
of  the  I'ili'ctoral  Arch- Chamberlain. 
is  lo  be  bi'Stowed  on  peraona  who  ah: 
contribute  to  tlie  pmerration  of  the  poa 
anil  sphinilnnr  of  the  royal  honae,  or  • 
hiblt  special  devotion  to  the  person  of  t 
king  or  the  royal  family. 


Ernest  King  of  Hanover  died  on  t 
Iflth  of  November.  His  onljr  ion  t 
('rown  Prinrc,  who  is  soBering  ander  t 
raebincholy  nffliclion  oF  blindncM,  fa 
Kueeeeded  lo  the  throne.  He  has  form 
ministry  under  the  prealdeney 


F'ebeele. 


.\  new  Canadian  ministry  hoa  baen  a 
zelted.  Mr.  Hiiicka,  Mr.  Tach^, and  M 
Morris,  retain  their  oBice*,  aa  Inapeeti 
Iteeeiver.  an<l  Postmaster- lien  end.  M 
A.  N.  Mcirin,  the  late  Speaker  of  t 
House  of  AB»i-mbly,  eucceeda  Mr.  I^a 

as  Provincial  {Secretary.   Mr.  Oram 

the  late  Ijolicilor-Oeneral,  ii 


1631.]  Domeilic  C 

the  AitoniBy-GenEriilGliip  East,  vice  Mr. 
LifoDtaine,  who  retires  into  private  tile, 
and  reEum«!  bis  piactica  at  (be  bac.  Ur, 
Richards,  memlier  for  Leeds,  ia  oppainted 
At totDEy -General  West,  in  the  room  of 
Mr.  Bald«iii.  Tlie  famous  Dr.  Bolph, 
vho  was  ibe  leader  of  tlie  liberal  partjr  in 
Upper  Canada  fifCeen  ;ean  ago,  and  who 
vai  iinplicoied  in  the  rebellion,  and  fled 
th«  counlr;,  hai  accepted  the  comniis- 
■ioner^bip  of  (he  Croivn  Lands ;  and 
Mr.  Malcolm  Cameron  has  received  the 
new  appointment  of  President  of  Com- 
mittees of  (be  Eiecudte  Council.  Tlicie 
two  are  the  leadera  of  the  new  putj  in 
Canada  West,  called  altra-Reformers,  or 
BepnbUcans. 

ACBTBJtLIA. 

The  inteltigieDce  from  (he  gold  diftrict 
>t  Bstbnrit  aCatca  that  some  4.000  pcr- 
iODS  were  in  the  digjingg,  and  35.000/. 
worth  of  eold  had  been  collecled  in  one 
week.  Gold  bai  been  dbcovered  at  a 
third  place,  tbirtj  miles  Eoathof  Batburst, 
and  liUvias  in  (be  Pfrenees,  in  the  ad- 
joining colony  of  Virtoria,  a  hundred 
miiea  from  Helboarne.  Prom  the  cam- 
meacemeut  of  the  discovery  it  appears 
that  as  much  ns  70,000(.  hag  been  ex- 
ported. The  BBthumt  Free  Press  reconls 
the  discnverj  of  a  block  of  qiiard  abnut  a 
foot  in  diameter,  weigbing  iMba.,  out  of 


The  Kaffirs   continue  their  haraulng 
warfate.     Of  the  2nd  Rojals  four  wore 
killed  and  iiilcen  wounded  thonlj  «ftw 
landing,  in  no  action  on  the  Fish  RiveFt ,  i 
on  tba2riliorSSthorADguat.     A  scveif   \ 
action  took  place  on  tbe  1st  Sept.  neai    ' 
Committee's    Drift,    in    Ibe    Fi^    River 
Bush  i  and  on  tbe  Sth  Sept,  the  moat  do-    | 


spen 


!  engngemi 


n  the  < 


r  occumd   I 


during  tbe  mnrch  of  Col.  Macliinno 
tbe  same  locality  Capt.  Oldbam,  tma- 
maoding  a  detnchmcnt,  waa  struck  dom 
and  slain,  along  with  two  or  three  aer- 
geanta  who  rushed  to  his  rescue.  The 
troopa  relurned  to  King  William's  Town 
on  the  ]7tb.  The  to»  of  the  different 
detachments  in  killed,  wounded,  and  idIh- 
ing  was  "S.  Another  movement  nas  nada 
against  a  bud;  of  lbs  enem  j,  posted  in  [ha 
Koga  Mountains.  Lieut.-Cot.  Fordyce, 
with  B  port  of  the  71ib,  made  on  advance 
Dpan  the  Kroome  Bush,  near  the  Watet- 
kloof,  where  be  (wici:  auatalned  a  fonnid- 
abla  attack  of  upwards  of  2,004  Kaftiri 
and  Holtenlota,  htad<;d  by  Uacoma,  and 
aevercly  punished  them,  without  suitain- 
ing  [he  loss  of  a  mnn  ;  but  un  bis  retnn; 
eight  of  bis  gallant  Higblandefs  vera 
killed  in  a  doBle  owing  to  the  miscoDdnct 
of  his  aiuiliarics  the  Fiogoei 


DOMESTIC   OCCURRENCES. 


7^e  Chtat  Exhiiitl<m.  —  A  report, 
signed  by  Prince  Albert  aa  Freiident  of 
tbe  Royal  Commission,  anil  d.iled  the  6(b 
Nov.  has  been  presented  to  ibe  Queen. 
It  aimouncea  that,  after  defraying  oU  ei- 

Casts,  a  Burplus  will  remain,  which,  it  is 
iieved,  will  not  be  less  tban  1SO,POOI. 
Instead  of  applying  this  surplus  (o  the 
eetabliihment  of  similar  eiibitiaDs  in  fu- 
ture, which  was  at  onetime  contemplated, 
the  Commiiaionera  are  of  opinion  that, 
as  it  baa  been  sufficiently  proved  that  un- 
dertakings of  the  kind  can  be  made  self- 
supporting,  greater  benefit  will  accfue  by 
its  judiciDQs  applica^on  to  the  general 
ohjei-ls  for  ithich  the  Eabibition  was  de- 
signed ;  which  Ihcy  consider  to  be,  the 
furtherance  of  every  branch  of  human  io- 
dostry  by  the  campariioii  of  the  proceasca 
employed,  and  the  results  obtained,  by 
all  the  nations  of  the  earth,  and  the  prac- 
tical illustralion  of  tbe  adiantages  which 
may  be  derived  by  each  country  from 
what  has  been  done  by  othera^as  alaa 
the  increase  of  the  means  of  inilustrial 
edacaiion  ud   tbe  eatensian  of  lh<<  in- 


fluence of  science  and  art  upon  p 
tive  induiitry. 

The  Oovernorsof  the  Grammar  School^  | 
Sisreonif,  have  pre;  ,  .      . 

tfaanka  lo  Eirl  Iligby,  Lord- LienleDaBt 
of  the  oounly  of  Dorset,  for  his  munifi- 
cent gift  to  tbe  school  under  their  cbargB, 
oanipri^ing  (he  whole  uf  the  Abbey  pre,; 
nuises  and  olbcr  buildings,  together  witn 
the  garden  and  land  sdjaining.  Tbe  ad- 
dress alatcs  that  by  his  l^rdship^a  libera- 
lity [he  acbool  will  now  be  plaoed  in  an 
entirely  diiferent  position  ;  that  with  hia 


ings  i  "  and  tbot  a  marble  tablet  shall  b( 
erected  in  a  conspicuous  position  record- 
ing the  noble  gitl  and  acknovledgiog  h!« 
Lordahip  as  the  greatest  beneractoe  to  the 
school  since  its  foundatian  by  King  Bd- 
ward  VI.  in  ISaO. 

fiafmoraJ,  tbe  Highland  home  of  hit 
Majesty  for  four  yeara  past,  is  now  Royal 
property.  Dr.  Robertaon,  Commistionec 
for  U.R.H.  Prince  Albert,  and  EJwatd 
White,   esq,,   aolioitor,  bare  come  to  t 


final  agreement  with  tbe  (riuCeee  aftlie 
Earl  of  life,  by  wliich  the  fee  eimple  of 
(he  estate  lias  became  tbe  property  of  the 
ftueeu. 

The  sale  of  LorJ  Derby's  aviary  anil 
menngerie  at  Knowsle;  took  place  in  Oc- 
tober. Buyers  were  attr.-ictcd  from  aU  the 
states  of  Europe.  Lord  Hill  U  the  only 
Englisli  amateur  of  note  whose  attend- 
ance is  mentioned.     The  sales  aeverthe- 


tiofU.  ^Dec- 

leas  broagbt  what  eoanoUmm  coarifc 
to  be  Binything  bat  good  prices,  tbe  toti 
realising  only  aboDt  7,000/.,  while  it  I 
stated  to  haTe  cost  newly  lO.OOOJ.  pc 
■nn.  to  keep  it  in  effieiencf  ■  The  prineipi 
purchasers  were  the  Zoological  Sodetjr  « 
LonJon,  the  proprietor*  of  Wombwell' 
Dietiagerie,  tbeproprietor  of  tha  Zoalogtai 
Gardens  at  Liverpool,  Count  ■"—!■'-■ 
and  M.  Vicbman  of  Actwerp. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Itoctor  of  Pbiloaoi)liy.  Kc.  lo  be  Geu 
Tshsr  (o  H.R.H.  I'rinre  Albtrt. 

Ocl.  31.    lleiijamin  Kanex,  esq,  M.P 

l)c>|i.  aetretarj-  at  War.— 7th  Lijlit  Draioons, 
Majnr  C.  llacsrt  to  be  Lieut  -Cal. ;  Cipl.  J.  M. 
llnitart  to  Tic  Major.-Cotclslream  Huanb, 
Lieut,  and  Capt.  T.  M.  Bleele  to  tie  (Taul.  and 
lJent.-Co]oner-UnMtache<l,HillflrT.M.IHd- 

LocilK.  Itir.Tlii 

-v».  ^.mf,.,^..^,  _  be  Cnlnnel  In  tlie  Array. 

.Vsr.  s.  RoTil  Uarlnn,  nil.  and  fee.  Cumm. 
J.  U.  Pllclier  10  be  Calnnel  Commandanli 
Ueut.-Cnl.  a.  It.  KlIlK,  c.ll.  lo  he  (.'ulonel  anil 
Seeoiiil  UommandaRt )  Capt.  and  brevet  Major 
W.  (.'alaoiy  In  lie  Uuut  4>ilonel. 

Ktr.  4.  Cbarles-WIHlim  Earl  Fiunilliani 
electeil  K.M. 

A'ev.  T.  Alex.  Wllllaini  Andvnmn,  rsn.  to 
be  InKprelor  or  Peboola  Air  Trlnklail.— giil 
Fuol,  Htaff  i<urgrflM  uT  Ibn  Htcund  Uaai  W. 
Arden  lo  be  Hnr|nnn..-llaanllal  tllatr,  Stair 
Surreon  of  Ftnt  <.1bbi  a.  ;9h:iiika.  U.l).  lo 
be  Jh^piily   lB*|Melur-genenl  iif   llasplMa; 

Sureeiin/  -  '" ' ■  "—    -  ■  - 

Stair  San 

M.[>.  fiof    _        _  _  _      _ 

fecund  Clau.—Hrrret.Caiit.  .\.  I 
lltli  Fwit,  lo  be  H^iir  In  l^e  Arm 

A'or- 11-    Ilya  lenef*  "— ■"• 
dale  are  pmnioleil,  hi  I 

rnK  M  lliw,  t  ar'tlllf  r;,'  n  enilacrri  and  1  nil 
rine,  U^iir-Gcnerala  i  to  ho  Jl^jor-ticncnl 
97  linc.lartlller)',  3  enrlncn',  and  I  niarinc, 
Calunelsi  lu  be  t.V>lonels,  OT  line  (1  cavalrv, 
10  nianla,  II  inftntrr,  anil  (0  half-pat),  11 
artillery,  IS  rnKlncEr,  and  1  marine,  Ueat.- 
l\>lnneni ;  lo  be  lilenl.-ColoiiGl;>,  S4  line  ^  ca- 
valry and  ■llnantrv),aud3en{rinerr,M|iorai 
lo  be  Majors,  79  llns  (G  earury,  3  icuanis, 
TI  infantry),  31  prnalonera,  17  arlillery,  17  engi- 
neer, an<l  13  marine,  raptaina. 

.Vst.  13.  Ilerlieit  .Macknorlli,  vsii.  lubeaii 
InspertorofComMines.rirtrJ.Kcni-onlll.ick- 

Xar.  17.  Kuyal  Arllllm-.  btere«  Coianel  A. 
Mariaihlan  lo  lie  Cokincli  brevet  Colonel  E, 

Chalmi 

--  ■  -  "OMnriit  *J 

Hon,  to  lie  Lteul.  Culonvit.— itnyaf  linElneers, 
Lleut..('al.  A.  Kminett  anil  l.;rul.-C:iii.  W.  U. 
Wani  til  I*  Caliiml*:  hrov'  t  .\ia>.ir  T.  Ilore. 

brevet  l.icut.-C.ii.  T.  fnsiiT,  anil  CtevM  .Major 
J.  I.  Hope  lo  be  l.trut..i.-ulniii'h. 

Xor.XH.    II.K.II.ilii-liukeofl 
K.G.  and  Kolierl  Ijliiplr.iHl  Uaroil 


Eions.  brevet  Colonel  F.  C.  Orlffllhs  to  b 
ieut.-Ciilanel,— 3d  Foot,  brevet  Lient.-Gol 
C.  T.  Van  Stnubenue  to  be  Uent.-ColOMi 
Capt.  J.  T.  Alrey  lo  be  Mitjor.— 34tb  F«M 
Muor  W.  Y.  Moore  to  bp  Lieat.-Colaoel ;  bKTt 
Major  J.  K.  Wheeler  to  be  H^or.— «tt  FbM 
brevet  Lieut.-Col.  John  Waller  to  be  UcM. 


, M^or  J 

llajor.— CapeMonnleilRiucuiTii.BicieiuaBa. 
Colonel  nifliam  Snllon  to  be  Uent.-ColOMl| 


ni  Riflemen.bnrvet  Ueot. 

lonto  beUent.-ColOMl| 

revet  U^lor  Tbomas  Donovan  lo  be  Hjter 
^1. 1'eler  Hcoim,  Commaodant  of  the  Moni 
MlliUry  Asylum  at  ChetML  to  be  Mator 
Ueneral.— Royal  Marine*,  U*al.-0>l.  M.  J 
Mnnon  and  Lienl.-Col.  Joaepb  WsJkv  M  bi 
Ikilunels  in  the  Army. 

andClanconeleleacda  Re' 
land, 
mole,  esq.  < 

„  Uuchy  of  Li.. 

Frederick  Peel,  eti).  K.V.h. 

tabsUuderSKretarrnfautebrtbeCt 

Fniicia  Lewia  miw  Menwetber.  nq.  to  k) 
IViatnuster-Ueaeral  of  Sew  Sooth  Wale*. 

James  Bmlbertan,  ew).  barriater-ni-law,  (mm 
or  Mr.  Joaepb  llrolherton,  U.P.)  to  be  Re 
ceiver-Gcneral    in  the    Inland   Revenae  Do 

Tlie  UuKp  ur  Argyll  to  be  Cbaacellor  of  thi 
University  or  31.  Andrew's. 
Frederick  n'ayniouth  OIbb*.  ( 
■  Fellow  or  T  ■  ■      ' 

M,"  'of 'wmI 
Uorllnier-iailKe,  nq.  In  compUanca  «rftb  Ibi 
rill  or  Ills  uraniiratler  Jeffery  Griuiraod, « 

jrlmwDod  only,  audbear  llic  arma  of  Qwtm 


Membtrt  Tttunud  to  tmt  la  ParH^mtmi 
JIr<i<{f-dni.~Rcd>erl  Hilliian,  esq. 
l'wlt<'£.JU(IJ>v/— Hon.  Arthur  ItancaBke 


RCCLE8I 
Rev._  W._W. 

[(A^ritdMca'i 


riikrsRMcmB. 


lampneys  (R.  of  St.  Iltn 

'nStAalV^kttedni 

of  DeA*),  (I— — 

and  Flixlon,  UcMMd  Quhe 


nhridac. 


Rev.  <J.  Allan.  Holy  Trinily  FX 


|i,  SoDwrstown  Ciiapel,  Bl.  hn 


ISol.] 


Preftirments, 


645 


Rev.  F.  Barnes,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Plymouth. 

Rov.  G.  Hellamy,  Bcllinfrhain  R.  Nortliumb. 

Rev.  R.  Biokcrstcth,  St.Giles-in-tlie-Fields  R. 
London. 

Rt'v.  T.  C.  Bloft'ld,  Drayton  R.  w.  Hellcsdon 
R.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  —  Bluett,  Clonlta  V.  diocese  of  Killaloe. 

Rev.  C.  V.  B«)oker,  Trecentorsliip  of  Hull 
i'arisli  Church. 

Rev.  U.  R.  Brown,  Maiden-Bradley  P.C.  Wilts. 

Rev.R.Browne,Oos.sboyne  R.  andV.dio.Tuain. 

Rev.  W.  Browne,  Elsinjf  R.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  J.  H.  Bullivant,  Pytchley  V.  Northamp. 

Rev.  J.  Bullock,  Higrh-Hani  R.  Sonoersct. 

Rev.  F.  Caskell,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Oswestry, 
Salop. 

Rev.  J.  Cather,  Aughaval(orWesti)ort)  R.  and 
V.  diocese  Tnam. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Charlton,  Parish  Chapel  PC.  St. 
Marylebone. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Clarke,  Cattistock  R.  Dorset. 

Rev.  W.  Cockin,  St.  (ieor^e  R.  Birmingham. 

Rev.  T.  de  Vi  ro  Coneys,  Ballinakill  R.  and  V. 
diocese  Tu.ini. 

Rev.  T.  (i.  Curlier,  Doverdale  R.  Worcestersh. 

Rev.  H.  W.  Dancer,  Aehaucon  R.  and  V.  dio. 
Killaloe. 

Rev.  G.  D.  Doudney,  c:iiarles  Chapel  PC.  Ply- 
month. 

Rev.  C.  Dnnn(»,  Earrs-CroomeR.  Worcestersh. 

Rev.  P.  Dwyer,  Tullojjh  Prebend,  dio.  Killaloe. 

Rev.  S.  Fairies,  Lurijasliall  R.  Sussex. 

Rev.  —  Faulkner,  Middletown  P.  C.  diocese  Ar- 
magh. 

Rev.  J.  Garrett,  Bisrathorpe  R.  I^incolnshire. 

Rev.  J.  (iillifs,  .<t.  Paul  P.C.  Port  wood,  Chesh. 

Rev.  D.  T.  Gladstone,  St.  Thomas  P.C.  ]..eeds. 

Rev.  C.  A.  (iraham,  Bidstone  1\C.  Cheshire. 

Rev.  C.  d'Kwes  Granville  (P.C  of  Alnwick), 
lion.  Canonry,  Durham. 

Rev.  C  (Jreenway,  St.  James'  P.C.  Cver-Dar- 
wen,  I.«incashirf. 

Rev.  W.  T.  CJrieve,  St.  Ternan's  Kpi.scopal 
Church,  Baiirhory-Ternan,  dio.  Aberdeen. 

Rrv.  \N .  Hale,  Clavirton  R.  Somersrt. 

Rev.  W.  J.  Hall,  Tottenham  R  Middlese.x. 

Rev.  J.  Hill,  W\k»-Re;rH  R.  Dorset. 

Rev.  J.  C.  HillianI,  ('n>\H-\  R.  Middlesex. 

Rev.  A.  D.  Hilton,  St.  John  P.C.  Lxbridge- 
•More,  ,Mi(ldl«*>«'X. 

Rev.  C.  J.  Hilton,  Bafllesmere  R.  w.  Leave- 
land  R.  Kent. 

Rev.  R.  Ho::;:.  LL.D.  Drummaul,  dio.  Connor. 

Rrv.  C.J.Hui{lu-*-D'Arth.  Knowlton  R.Kent. 

Re\.  G.  W.  HuntiuK'ford,  Littlemore  P.C  Oxf. 

Rr\.J.  llutcliiiisi.n,  St.  Biidgel  P.C.  Becker- 
met,  ('nmberland. 

Rev.  J.  J(iiie>.  LInnthewy-Skirrid  R.  Monm. 

Rev.  S.  Kfttlewell,  St.  .Mark  I-.C  Woodhouse, 
Leeds. 

Rev.  A.  W.  Lfinsworth,  Brought  y-Ferry  Kpis- 
copal  ('hurcli,  du*.  Brechin,  and  to  be  Synod 
(Merk  of  that  diocese. 

Rrv.  W.  H.  M'Cau>l.uul,  Inni:>caltra,  diocese 
Killaloe. 

Rev.  R.  ^Lilone,  St  Matthew P.C.Webtmin.ster. 

Rev.  M.  Margolioutli,  m.  Bartholomew  P.C. 
Manchester. 

Rrv.  W.  .Mills,  D.D.  St.  Paul  R.  Exeter. 

Rev.  W.  F.  Ne\i!le  (V.of  Butleigh),  Barton  St. 
l).t\id.  Canonry.  Wells. 

Rrv.J.O'Callns:han,KilcumminP.C.  dio.Tuam. 

Rev.  T.  Philips,  Walton  V.  w.  Fclixstow  V.  Suff. 

Rev.  E.  I»izev,  Holy  Trinity  P.C.  Trowbridge, 
\\ilts. 

Rev.  W.  Price,  DerwiMi  R.  Denbii:hshire. 

Rev.  G.  Proctor,  Bennington  R.  Herts. 

Kev.  W.  Roberts,  Radwell  R.  Herts. 

Rev.  C  F.  Secretan,  Holy  Trinity  P.C  Piralico. 

Rev.  S.  Smith,  St.  George  P.C.  \N  hitwick,  Lcic. 

R(>v.  J.  Smythe,  Brandesttm  V.  SuOblk. 

Rev.  C.  C  Spencer,  Benetield  R.  Northamp. 

Rev.  G.  Stallard,  Tideford  P.C.  Cornwall. 


Rev.  W.  Stow,  Avebury  V.  w.  Winterbourne- 

Monkton,  Wilts. 
Rev.   F.    H.   Thompson,    Llanllwchaiarn   V. 

Montgomeryshire. 
Rev.  A.  Wheeler,  Old  Sodbnry  V.  Gloucester. 
Rev.  T.  L.  Wheeler,  St.  Martin  R.  Worcester. 
Rev.  F.  W.  White,  Meare  V.  Somerset. 
Rev.  H.  Wilkinson,  Wicker  P.C  Sheffield. 

To  Chaplaincies. 

Rev.  F.  H.  Bishop,  to  the  Earlof  Lanesborough. 

Rev.  J.  J.  Douglas,  to  the  Earl  of  Airlie. 

Rev.H.  Hare,  Assistant,  to  H.M.  Forces,  Malta. 

Rev.G.  P.  Keogh,  English  Church  at  Brussels. 

Rev.  J.T.  Langford,  French  Protestant  Church, 
Bruges. 

Rev.  A.  R.  Ludlow,  Mayor  of  Bristol,  1851-2. 

Rev.  A.  Parnell,  the  Union,  St.  Alban*s. 

Rev.  T.  Sheppard,  Chaplain  Fellowship, Exeter 
college,  Oxford. 

Rev.  1.  Spooner(V.of  Edgbaston),toLordCal- 
thorpe. 

Rev.  R.  Vance,  to  the  Earl  of  Glengall. 

Rev.  T.  H.  Wilkins,  Thrapston  Union,  Npnsh. 

Collegiate  and  Scholastic  Appointments. 

Duke  of  Argyll,  Chancellor  of  St.  Andrew's 
University. 

A.  Alison.  Esq.  Lord  Rector  of  Glasgow  Uni- 
versity, 1851-2. 

Rev  G.  11.  Cooke,  S<cond  Mastership  of  Col- 
chester Grammar  School. 

Rev.  J.  M.  Cox,  \  icc-Principalship  of  the  St. 
Mary  Church  College  of  Pastoral  Theology. 

Rev.  J.  W.  Freeborn,  Head  Mastership  of 
Llanrwst  Grammar  School,  Denbighshire. 

J. Jelly,  Second  Mastership  of  Middleton  Gram- 
mar School,  Lancashire. 

G.  Jemmett,  MA.  Tutor  in  Codrington  coll. 
Barbadoes. 

E.  A.  H.  Lechmcre,  B.A.  Secretary  to  the 
Worcester  Diocesan  lioard  of  Education. 

Rev.  E.  A.  Litto.'i,  Vice- Principal  of  St.  Ed- 
mund hall,  Oxford. 

Rev.  J.  .M*(;osh,  LL  D.  Professorship  of  Logic 
and  .Metaphysics,  Queen's  college,  Belfast. 

Rev.—  .Manning,  Deacon  Schoolmaster,  Meva- 
^i^sey,  Cornwall. 

J.  A.  Ogle,  M.D.  Regius  Professorship  of 
.Medicine,  Tonilin's  Pra.'lectorship  of  Ana- 
tomy, and  Aldrichian  Professorship  of  Ana- 
tomy in  the  University  of  Oxford. 

Rev.  R.  <  )kes,  D.D.  (Provost  of  King's  college), 
to  be  Vicc-Chaiicellor  of  Cambridge  Univer- 
sity, 1851-2. 

W.  L.  Pendered,  >LA.  Second  Mastership  of 
Brentwood  Grammar  School.  Essex. 

Rev.  ii.  B.  Roi^ersoii,  Second  Mastership  of 
Bradford  (j  ram  mar  School. 

Rev.  J.  Taylor,  Second  Master  of  St.  Bee's 
.School,  Cumberland. 

Rev.  J.  Thompson,  B.D.  Rectorship  of  Lin- 
coln college,  Oxford. 

Rev.  C.  W.  Wall,  D.D.  Vice- Provost,  Trinity 
college,  Dublin,  1S51-2. 

Rev.  W.  de  Lanry  West,  Head  Mastership 
of  Brentwood  Grammar  School,  Essex. 

Erratum.— \ntOf  p.  532,  col.  2,  line  18,  read 
Rev.  .M.  L.  Lee. 


BIRTHS. 

Jan.  23,  IfiiO.  At  Over  Seile,  Lcic.  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  John  Morewoo«l  Gresley.  Rector  of 
Seile.  a  Mm  (baptized  Nigel- Walsingham) ;  and 
Aug.  17, 1851,  a  son  (baptized  Geoffrey- Ferrers). 

Oct.  14.  At  Tandragee  castle,  her  Grace 
the  Duchess  of  Manchester,  a  dau.  — 17.    At 

Edinburrb,  lady  Anne  Cbartcrif,  a  dan. 

18.  At  Windlestone  li^  co.  Durham,  lady 
ICden,  a  son. — 19-  At  Woodlanda,  BMrTiiin- 


c  nifu  of  lliu  Hail.  Oiarles  Nipirr,  * 
-At  WelliiiKlon,  s^onicnct,  tbc  niteol 

Arundel  Were.  esq.  a  son. At  Tot- 

;ar  I'lynioulh,  tlie  wife  uf  Cuulcslon 
iUiIdilTi'.esq.aaau. —  30.    At  Not  ton, 


rrtages- 

H.  AlNe«IOuiidl)iiMl,W)lllai 
nq.  to  Esther- IsabaDi.  fldnt  c 
Robert  Lanjcrialie.  ttq. 


uf  raiit.  AkMnacT  Miliie,  R.;,. 

as.    AlCliurslonCmiit,t!ieBirenfJuliiiY»nle 

lliiller.  cri-adau. M.    'Hie  niCvofllie  Rer. 

Ilr.  Murtiiiirr,  llcait  llaaler  of  tlie  Ci(>-  at 


..   ._j.ar[bali 

... 1.  B.N. 

Nirboronh,  I.eic.  the  Rar.  WUUi 
^f^grd,  only  Kin  O^  W.  N.  Allford,  oq. 

:bb^— AtTnt 

, wiuoi.  to  Hearten 

;  ditent  diu.  or  William  UewelrB,  m 
ui  iHinvllle's  coarli  Pcnb- 

se.  Al  KanHlen,  Korthnali.  tha  Bn.  J.I 
TTafHi,  MA.  Ucturrt  of  Mylh,  to  PrtMOl 
younitest  ilBu.  oT  the  late  Kobcn  Jotn  Walki 
ru|.  nr  Komanbr,  unir  Mprtballwtoa. 


orTlRkliiJIculte.iidnn.. 
ofLifiil-Col.  Henr>-Fai 

Lt  ItryanMonpl.  LailyCli. 


1  raylor,  t 


lli'i 


....  -lartoltlwB'tl 
Pril  tendril,  l.aily 

i"  I'au.  in  Ibe    Ifreiices.   lady 

'.  a  eon. \t  Culnood  homt, 

\lt  oi  .Saint  Jl>Iiii  Itrnnelt,  cmi.  a 
— 3.  Allckvrnnli.LulyAnW 
II. — 4.    At  llath,  the  wife  uf 

-  - , -'Ml.  and  lliiiiil«i|-  I Jglit  <^valrr, 

. —  1.    At  I'lokc  RiicliliinljJJidyJ^iv- 


James  lllair, 

'      ■- — Ke  Kciciiiuni,  I 

iniptcimiliire,  Lady  IIniU'y'»iI.iii, A(*Ho]k. 

lam  vicnrao,  '-- ^■-   -        .-     - -. 
Alcnaniter  Kap 

_      _lir'Hn»k''«t.  „ 

Uiudfon),  a  dau. It).    At   Iluwa  nar 

Edlnbureb,  Lady  Blauche  llntruar,  B  son— 
At  Uitcluui,  ib«  iria>  or  atartci  llNKh  Hon 

rM).BaoD. 11.    Al  Uuntluinptuii,  tba  w 

or  Di|ii.  W'  Yoltand,  Koyal  Bni;.  ■  dau.- 


...    „ lotiy,  8.  -_, .  . 

Anna-Marijatet,  third  dau.  of  John  8 

m|.  ;al>o.attlieHinstiiac,  John  VlJat,ta 
in  MariaDflcWlniaiaa,  raunh  dan.  of  Jol 
salmon,  CHI.  aflkeialanilar  Jamaica. 

Seiil.*.  Al  Lannceiton.Tlioa.  Co«bMi,m 
or  llMiiancCi  to  Sarah,  cMnt  dau.  of  the  la 
Uov.  Ccur^  Uoon,  PrcbeikdaTy  oT  Uaat 

and  Hector  of  Ladock,  Cornwall, M  B 

inonlon.  William  VeibeU,  nq.  of  the  III*,  I 
Kliiabcth,  eklMt  dan.  of  tbe  UtcBdv.Bn 

Uorea,  e«|. At  Shotntaam,  Norf.  m*M 

llatra,  rhj.  of  Mornioe^tliortie,  tn  FaBDJi  ta 
oT  Riibert  MIoKea,  ew,  of  Shoteaham  nul 

A  t  ^Dlhmild,  Sulfolk,  Ronlanil  F.  Jtrmf 

cai|.  Lieut.  Indian  Navy,  to  Idniaa-Bmlr 
youiiE<iit  dan.orjamnJtnnyii.caq.of  SoaU 

HDld. At    llriatol,  W.  11.  TSaauMM,  Mi 

Advoeal«,  KtlliiliDrili.  to  Bliubrib,  Mm 
dau.  of  S.  Ileiiiminr,  esq.  of  Merrnraod  M 
Utlitol. 

S.    At  Uiiditoiie,tbeRcT.  F.  F "" 

of  Wormier  coll.  Oxford,  to  Haiti 


irife  of  Charles  St irltM(- 


Wliilburii.  Durham,  tu  llarr-B 

dau.  «t}.  llwil,eaa.urNetUit 

Kb.TbM.  (?aia;>Ml. MQ. MB  «l  CoK 
11.  <tta.  or  Uolcnin.  to  Han,  lonua 
tbe  late  Alexander  CamFMba^^ 


MARRIAGES. 

Uarck  14.  At  Ola|co.  Nev  Zealaoil,  Alfred 
Vlietliam  Ulndt,  ead.  Rcaldenl  Uacistratc 
aitd  Sheriff  at  (llago,  third  son  or  Adm.  Sir 
K.  (nielham  Strode,  K.t:.Il.  K.C.lI.  to  Kinily, 
second  dau.  of  the  late  Win.  Uamiir,  e»|.  of 
Cotletiham  lionse,  Diftirdibire. 

Juat  II-  Al  Victoria,  Iloni;  Konir,  Cliiiia, 
11.  J.  IllrtfUcrg,  .M.I),  lo  Mary,  vldei't  ilan. 
of  the  biU'  Kev.  John  Wbilc,  of  .Slordvo  ball. 


.^■i!!!.'\,I 


»,  Lieut,  f.l 


Bng.toCli 

ur  Tlmuiaa  I^aimouth,  ewi.  Wimnule  i 

.411^.  1.    At  imahinandry,  E.  L  .... 
RidEwaT  Pagiili,  nq.  II.  H.  Ulh  KeEt, 
SibvllB-Kliia,  eldest  ^. :  and  Jnbn  Hilllun 
RMfuHt,  vaq.  9lat  MadiwM.I.  to  Amy,  aecond 
dau.  uruconce  Lcdirall  Taylor,  mi.  or  Hyde 

iiark  Miunrp. At  BnnKalun.',  E.  I.  Freilerlc 

Wm.  OsM/nw,  Liput.  nib  llu«r«,anly  mid 
of  tiK  latr  KeT,  F.  W.  Goldrrap.  RecbH-  of 
Clmcbwartoa,  Xurf.  to  FaaDy-Uary,  i>ldeit 
dBu.or(^iL  J.  Alexander,  mhN.  1.  (1 

S.  At  nnm«N  HiOnr  Ibc  Cberaller  de 
Kiiifl,  In  Ibe  Aualrlaii  Srrvirr,  lu  ilenrlelta 
J.  I'aalett  dc  Courcy,  yaunjtvitt  dau-oF  Ibc  late 
Hull.  Ijput.-CD1.  de  Cnurcy,  and  nandilau.  of 
JuhnaGthLord"' — '- 


ror  ilnvknbury.  Olouc.  at 
■— '"  "--IliLy.ofSutlettoi 


i"X 

J.  Kmrnu,  V.A.  a 

rT.BImbeth,*HM, 

J.  IIWd,eaa.urNetUihamlMU. 

'Cli.ThDa.  f?air;>fr  " 
(^mpbull.  e«q.  oruolgnii 

of  Mm) 

1  nnuy,  louiu  ' —    - 

iildCa",  corci'arc"  "  *"""  **" 

IT.  AtKenninglon,theIlcr.WlIlUmAa 
liHdi,  nf  Merthyr  Tydill,  to  Biia.  mcm 
ilau.  of  the  late  Jubn  Geonc,  caqToartM 
riH. — At  \V«t  Hackneir,  Iltberl  Jobs  Chai 
//nrirr.  cw.  only  ion  or  the  late  LlnU.<Ct 
Herrioii,  setli  Foul,  lo  UanUi,  aarenth  daa.i 

Nath.  Ilavics,  rvy At  IMt,  niimni.  W.  I 

Lucas  Slmihetll,  esu.  uf  Fali1l|At,  to  Iknatii 
»  anarrl-Fnncni.  only  shildof  the  Ret.  HMf 

Wyneh,  Itcclor  of  l>rtL At  Cbaater.  Ftm 

CIS  Tonfcue  Huffaril,  eaq  of  h«acM  bmm 
Wntcreiterdiire,  to  Eliiabetli,  only  dao.  a 

JuhuFincbetlUaddock,  eaq.  of  C^ - 

of  <ie  Owin,  Carnnrvonablre. , 

tri,  FredcrlrSiaila:,  cBi]    of  Le  Ij , 

'     ......  (birildau.  or  the  lata  Wa 

/  tbe  Hon.  and  Bm 
I'Icar  or  SbaUbrd,  Bnirer.  I 
D.  or  Edw.  a.  Drewe,  taa. « 

r  llonllon. At  LaTentod 

I  uuiuaK-rnrwij  eldeat  toa  of  John  f|| 
.Vvfliriir,  e»q.  of  Sleeple  Laiwlbn).  WUta.  1 
(.ariitine,  leconn  dau.  of  John  fltinlra,  cm 

llctmoni,  near  iJalisburf. At  WoodbftS 

Eilward  W.  Pollurd,  eaq.  of  HrompUii  •nmSSi 
•urKeun,  clileat  aoa  or  B.  B.  Pofiard,  ^a.  ■ 
llleniell  hoiue,  Brampton,  to  ""— -l^fti 
el'teit  dill,  of  Q.  E.  ThOBaMa.  OM.  W^^ 

bridge, At  Searbto'.  Jobn  WMtem  ^Si 

e<n-  (on  nr  tlie  tate  Benjamin  Halgk  All*a 
esu.  or  HuddenHeld,  to  Kllu,  dan.  aftbe  Bh 

Ut,  Wbltcshie,  Vicar  or  Scaitini'. ^.rCS 

bam.  Sir  Edward  Pear;  Bait.  ^ 


>t  tfroeta 


nefft.  10       tri,  rrniencj 
n'llliam      I'l.iiiittnn,  lo 


1851.] 


Marriages, 


647 


Wilts,  and  CuftncUs,  Hants,  to  Frances- Eliza- 
beth, eldest  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Riddcll 

-Moody,    Hector  of  Chartham. At  Saham 

Toney,  Norfolk,  Drewry-Ottle)-,  second  sur- 
vivine:  son  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  WoUa»ton^  M.A. 
Rector  of  Hast  Dereham,  to  Mary-HUzabeth, 

only  dau.  of  William  Locke,  es(i. ^At  Uisham, 

Jterks,  James  Ilanning,  esq.  of  Kilcrone,  co. 
of  Cork,  to  Frances-Catherine  ,  and  John 
Leach,  esq.  of  Ivy  Tower,  Pemb.  to  Mary- 
Anne-Af^nes,  daus.  of  Henry  Skrlne,  esq.  of 

Stubbinj^s,  llerks. At  St.  Leonards-on-Sea, 

John  Henry  Wagner,  esq.  late  of  the  5lh 
Fusiliers,  to. Marjj'aret,  widow  of  the  Rev.  J. 

Mossop,  Rector  of  Hothfield,  Kent. At  St. 

Peter's  Pimlico,  Douglas  Du  Ho/*,  esq.  of  Doc- 
tors' commons  and  Hrompton  crescent,  second 
son  of  the  late  Edward  Du  IJois,  esq.  to  Fran- 
ces-Kate, elder  dau. of  Georp-e  Frecr,esq.  M.H. 

of  Coleshlll  St. At  Trinity  Churcli  Marylc- 

bone,  George  Bulpett,  es«i.  barrister,  to  Lydia- 
Howey,  only  child  of  the  late  Charles  Lloyd, 
es(|.  of  Hrompton,  formerly  of  the    Bengal 

Civil  Service. At  Ulofield,  Norf.  the  Rev. 

Henry  Temple  Frere,  to  Sarah-Maria-Heath, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Wra.  Heath  Jary,  esq. 

of  BloficM  lodge. At   Welton,  Yorkshire, 

the  Rev.  Leonard  Calder  Wallichf  M.A.  of 
Trinity  college,  Cambridge,  to  Frances-Maria, 
eldest  diiu.  of  John   Wukiuson,  es(i.  of  the 

Grange,    Welton. At    St.    Peter's  Church, 

Eaton  s(i.  Robert  Ch  ttfleld  Hankinaoi},  esq.  of 
Derby,  to  Loni<a-Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Josepli 

Scott,  esq.  of  Colney  hall,  Norfolk. At  Ful- 

ham,  the  Rev.  Alfred  Rob'uuon,  IJ.A.  Curate 
of  Lockerly,  Hants,  to  Ann-Sophia,  eldest  dau. 

of  Charles  Smith,  cs,q.  of  Fulham. At  Stoke- 

upon-Trent,  Edward  Speakman,  esq.  of  Man- 
chester, to  Henrietta,  youngest  dau.  of  the 
late  Thomas  M'Kenzie,  est].  M.D.  of  Newcas- 

tlo-under-Lvne. At    Kccles,    Rev.    W.    B. 

Riland  Bedfurd,  Rector  of  Sutton  Coldfield, 
>Varw.  to  ->laria-Amy,  youngest  dau.  of  Joseph 
Huuson,  es(i. 

21.  At  I  aiigley,  Buck«<,  the  Manpiess  of 
C/iamloK,  to  Caroline,  only  dau.  of  Robert 
Harvey,  e.s(j.  of  Langley  park. 

22.  At  KaiMsirato,  Alfred  Loire,  esq.  (Consul 
for  America  at  Ci\  ita  Veccliia.  Roman  States, 
to  Marv-Ann,  elde-t  dau.  of  Paul  Halnie,  esq. 

of  Mile  end. At  Clrltenham,   Arthur  W. 

Jours,  v^q.  Bombay  Civil  >'erv.  son  of  the  late 
Lieut. -Gen.  Sir  Richard  Jones,  K.CJB.  to 
Marianne-Kns.'-cll,  third  dau.  of  the  late  Major 

F.  R.  Eairrr,  H.  .M.  31ht  R.gt. At .-'t.  Peter's 

Eaton  sfj.  Hugh  Wood,  esij.  of  \Ye.>tbourne  st. 
Hyde  j)ark  {r.'irflciis,  to  Ella,  eldest  dau.  of 
Joseph  Bu^libv,  cscj.  of  flalkin  sitreet. 

•23.  F.  H.  Hathurst  I'MlUps,  esq.  Royal  Art. 
to  Kate,  second  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Fea. 
therston,  and  niecr  of  Sir  George  Featherston, 
Bart.  Anlasli  lioii.se,r().  Longford. At  West- 
minster, Major  Henrv  Paget,  .second  son  of 
the  late  Gen.  the  Hon'  Sir  fcdw.  Paget,  O.C.B. 
to  Anna,  Nonn^est  dau.  of  the  late  Gen.  Sir 

{jourry  Walker,  Bart.  G.C.B. At  Alderley, 

Clie>liire,  the  Karl  of  Ahlie,  to  Henrietta- 
Blaneh«s  second  dau.  of  I^ord  Stanley  of  Aider- 
ley. At  Claines,  Wore,  the  Rev.  John  Par- 
sons //asfhigx,  MA.  Chaplain  of  Trinity  coll. 
Canibridire.and  to  the  Bishop  of  LlandaflT,  to 
Constance-  Penelope,  eldest  dau.  of  James  Best, 

es(|.  of  Worcester. At  Fetcham,  Surrey,  the 

Rev.  Henry  Jchn  R'tUantl,  Rector  of  Sidding- 
ton,(;iouc  to  France.s-EIiz.ibeth-Barnard,  third 
dan.  of  J.  B.  Hankey,  esq.  of  Fetcham  park. 

At  CMielsea,  Franz  Thhnm,  es(j.  eldest  son 

of  Lieut.  Carl  Ihimm,  of  Berlin,  to  Horatio, 
onlv  da»i.  of  the  late  Lieut.  Horace  Mathias, 

R.  Art. At  the  Holy  Trinity, Cloudesley  sq. 

Henry  Parker  Ilutchlnsou,  esq.  youngest  son 
of  the  Rev.  James  Hutchinson,  of  Chelmsford. 
to  Sophia,  only  dau.  of  the  late  Wm.  Nugent 


Comyn,  esq.  of  Burrin,  Clare. At  Dublin, 

Simeon  Ussher,  esq.  third  son  of  Capt.  R.  B. 
Usslier,  of  Dublin,  to  Mary-Jane,  eldest  dau. 
of  Robert  Moms,  of  Lurgau,  co.  Armagh,  soli- 
citor. 

24.  At  Grinley-on-the-Hill,  Notts,  Thomas 
Wharton  Emerson,  escj.  youngest  son  of  the 
late  A.  L.  Emerson,  esq.  M.D.  formerly  of 
West  Retford  house,  to  Mary,  second  dau.  of 
the  late  Robert  Corringham,  esq.  of  Misterton. 
At  All  Souls'  Langliam  pi.  George  Atkin- 
son, es(i.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  barrister-at- 
law,  to  Mary-Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  the  late 
Rev.  Edward  Scott,  D.D.  of  Worton  hall.  Isle- 

worth. At  St.  Pancras,  Arthur  John  Joyces 

esq.  to  Emily,  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Frederick 
Gardiner,  Rector  of  Combhay,  Somerset. 

25.  At  St.  ^Lirgarct's  Westminster,  George 
Edw.  Cottrell,  esrj.  of  Lincoln's  inn,  to  Emily, 
eldest  dau.  of  Edward  S.  Stephenson,  esq.  of 

Great  Queen  street. At  Greenwich,  Charles 

James  Busk,  to  Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  Jolin 

Westly,  es(|.  of  St.  Petersburg. At  Bossall, 

the  Rev.  Fred.  Osborne  Smith,  Incumbent  of 
Sewerby  and  Griudall,  to  Elizabeth-Telfer, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Andrew  Veitch,  esq.  M.D. 

of  Horncastle. At  Liverpool,  the  Rev.  J.  S. 

lloicson,  M.A.  Principal  of  the  Collegiate  In- 
stitution, to  Mary,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Crop- 
per, esq. At  Carisbrooke,  Isle  of  Wight, 

Henry  Strickland,  esq.  of  Parkhurst,  to  Eve- 
lina, eldest  dau.  of  Capt.  N.  C.  Travers. 

At  Charlton  Kings,  Glouc.  Hugh-Darby,  only 
son  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Pryse  Otcen,  M.A.  of 
Bettus  hall,  iMontg.  and  Cheltenham,  to  Har- 
riet-Eliza, only  dau.  of  the  late  Samuel  Smith, 
esq.  Hon.  E.I.C.S.  Madra.s,  and  granddau.  of 
the  late  Sir  James  .\nnesley. 

26.  At  .St.  John's  Notting  hill,  the  Rev.  John 
Aruudell  Leakey,  ehlest  son  of  James  Leakey, 
esq.  of  Exeter,  to  Henrietta-Caroline,  youngest 
dau.  of  the  late  M.  Henri  Frausois  Porret,  of 

Neuchatcl,  Switzerland. At  the  Catholic 

Cha])el.  Shepton  Blallet,  and  afterwards  at 
East  Horrington,  Som.  the  Lord  Hunting' 
tower,  to  Catherine-Elizabeth-Camilla,  young- 
est dau.  of  Sir  Joseph  Burke,  Bait,  of  Glinsk- 

castlc.  CO.  (lalway. At  Isle  of  Man,  theRer. 

Henry  Macdougalty  M.A.  Chaplain  to  H.  M. 
Forces  at  Nas.sau,  Bahamas,  to  Frances-IIale, 
secmd  dau.  of  Major  Bacon,  of  Seafleld. 

27.  At  Glympton,  Oxon,  Cadwalladcr  Blay- 
ney  Mitchell,  es(j.  surgeon,  of  Deddington, 
Oxon,  .son  of  Richard  3Htchcll,  esq.  of  Mo- 
naghan,  Ireland,  to  Harriet-Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
the  Rev.  Thos.  Nucella,  M.A.  Rector  of  that 

place. At  St.  Marylebonc,  Algernon  Sidney, 

esq.  of  Lincoln's  inn  fields,  to  Elizabeth-Ann, 
dau.  of  John  Apsley  Sidney,  esq.  of  Beaumont 
street,  i'ortland  place. 

20.  At  Brompton,  and  the  Roman  Catholic 
Church,  (.'adngan  st.  Hugo  Itaron  Von  Reint- 
perg,  Austrian  service,  to  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
the  late  W.  Hale,  esq.  Shiplake  court,  Oxon. 
-  — At  St.  George's  Hanover  sq.  the  Rev.  John 
Thorold,  M.A.  Fellow  of  Trinity  college,  and 
lecturer  at  St.  Peter's  at  Arcncs,  Lincoln's 
inn,  to  Miss  Tressgrey  Ward,  aunt  to  Wm. 

Ward,  es(i.  New  Road,  Lincoln. At  Paris, 

Charles  Marsh  Lee,  esq.  solicitor,  of  Salisbury, 
to  Helen,  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Jofm  Chetwode, 

liart.  M.P. George-Ketchley,  eldest  son  of 

George  Essell,  esq.  of  Rochester,  to  Cathe- 
rine-Mary-Aune,  eldest  dau.  of  William  James 
.Scuilamore,  esq.  of  Tramore,  co.  Waterford. 

30.  At  Teignmonth,  South  Devon,  Frederick 
Wale,  esq.  48th  Regt.  B.N.I,  son  of  the  late 
Gen.  Sir  Charles  Wale.  K.CB.  of  Little  Shel- 
ford,  Camb.  to  .\delaide,  fourth  dau.  of  the 

late  Edward  Prest,  esq.  of  York. At  Pitting- 

ton,  Hallgarth,  Mildmay  Clerk,  esq.  of  Sprat- 
ton,  Northamptonshire,  to  Isabella,  second 
dau.  of  Col.  Tower,  of  Blemore  hall,  Darham. 


Al  SI.  Georic'H 

Randolph,  oiiiy  sor 
iMph,  Urctor  uf  Co 


Jtfaryk 

eraq.  thener.C;ril 


[De 


I,  enh  diD.  or  tb*  istc  J< 
«i|.  of  - 


CM.  <Un.  of  Ihe  laic  Mr.  Mjjpr  Aiuier,  uf 

IIIackfriarB. At  Ihirbiiii,  JdliD  I'ixli  Pu»- 

nail,  exi-  ot  Lincoln'!  inn,  uirriiter-at-lBw,  tu 


i(  Joatpli  I'liilJM,  eiq.  of  W«*t  U 
— ' —         Al  Trinity  Cburch    Uarrlcba 
'  '   ihuB  Wmlitr,  ■ 


-rH^^f'rt! 


and  rtrandian 
PocUL'k,  Kit.  I 


HfTTidc,  of  Runibury. — 'ttX  St.  MirylcbunE, 
R.  Prascot  AuitaarJ,  eta.  to  Emnw,  ucoud 

(lau.  If  the  late  On.  lli.rifbnl. M  Kullon. 

a,  younggot  son  of  Jtiuca  Burirll,  eaq. 


^l1ddlcTCmple,  I 

Uf.  mu.'R.U.  at  nirk  nod,  and  Rraniiiiab. 
of  the  Me  HeT.  yannel  Aihe,  ttectur  of  l^iic- 

Icy  BnrrcD.  ITilM. Al  Prion  SiUbrd,  tbe 

Ber.  W.  Uarttn,  U.A.  Canto  of  Wdtbnl,  Id 
Sarah-Ellubcth,  eldertiUn.ottIielti!T.  Tboa. 
UoulUwe.  \*hnr  ofPiion  Kalfiinl  and  BMfocd. 

At  tu.  tieurce'*  IIbimitct  hi.  ShrtBeld 

A'nirr.  em.  oon  of  llie  lale  flir  Tlmman  NeoTC, 
IMrl.  10  Uirr-lii'iirlc«,  diu.  of  11.  K.  Hoiirr, 
eiu|.  late  IE.  H.  Mlnliter  Plniiii.  in  Switwr- 

lond. Al  CbrlitchBreli,  lllKtibDr]',  (iMirKe 

B.  Ualltg, e<q.ar llUiburyurli, to  PhlliinM- 
Ana*.  lenrlb  dan.  itf  tbe  Ale  'lliomu  Uk 
Cofd.esi.  orrurrailimoru.  Wexibrd.liclaiid, 

At  Woolwtch,  Ckarira  Berncnt  BaUiraril, 

esq.  son  of  tlie  Her.  Jalin  ll«llir*nl.  Rector  of 
SwepMoue,  Leie.  lo  KlIubcth'Aano,  onljr  mir- 
TiviiK  diu.  or  Prtrr  Morno,  e«|.  «l  H.  M. 

Dockyird,  Wootnkb. At  CUphUD,  tlie  Hev. 

Cbailea  Ca»iv,  Iwdmbpnt  of  CliriBlrbiirch, 
WelliDilou,  cWoo,  to  Miry,  only  cUld  of  the 

lile  JMbut  Hallye,  poq.  of^ly  A Al  .Vor- 

tand,  Keaialnirton,  Henry  itanilb  Bnrt,  eii|. 
lale  Burveon  In  the  Uwu  Anuy.  to  aanh- 
FnnrM,  dan.  of  llie  lair  CM.  Jobn  Wilwii. 
and  nrlicl  nf  Capl-  Wni.  tjeafp,  botb  of  Ihe 

MadnbKstabUKhment. At  Lankier.  Ilueke, 

Arlhnr-lleary,  wcond  son  ut  W.  S.  AvKHltg, 
eM|.  of  SailthBeld  liani  iud  Lanirley,  In  Kiliii 
Boolb,  nf  Soatbcwl  Uanur  Ituuar,  i.3U;;1py, 
fouTlb  dan.  of  the  late  aeor;:e  lliinlh.  r;irt.  of 

the  Jloraliurtun  roid,  Rriieat'a  nark. ,\t 

St.  Ilek-n*ii  iHiurrb,  Ur.  Janiia  flol^.Dr  I'pper 
Tbauieii  at.  Luiiihia,  In  Ellubetb-IvrH,  yonn^ 
raldau.  nf  Ihe  Kar.  John  iiprace,  lt..l.Kn!hir 

uf  Bait  Keal,  and  Vicar  of  Wincrby.  Uiir. 

.VK^mbenrrll.'rhnniaa  I.UIIe,  eii|.  yonumvl 
ion  of  JaiiUM  I Jlllc,  ewi.  of  Aniencn  hinarr, 
'D  Ulla-Cbarkille,  barlb  din.  of  Jslin        ' 


KciMinrton,  Adioi-Clarke,  th(r< 

Inle  IJun.  Jaiiiei  Ilnok,  of  Sierra  Lcodt, 
Cliarlnlle-Ann.  yODiiKer  dan.  of  tbe  lata  Q 
lleiiDdl,  nq.  01' the  Inner  Temple,  abdi 

llroinplDn. At  WednrehuiY.  Jbdc*  Bit 

I'tq.  or  VVeilnpaliury,  to  Marianne,  only  d 
of  llw  Idle  Stephen  Fiice,  «h|.  of  London,  i 
iileceofUeorKe  Leen,  esq.  of  Wedneabary^ 
At  Harrow,  Jiniea  Dlxen,  ewi-  (rf  Bnad 
buildings,  lo  Mary-Louiu,  eldeat  dau.  of 

lale  ^r  Krancia  tjimpkinaon.  Q.C. At 

Ucorire'a  HinOTer  aq.  Jolin  JaoMi  fWV 
ewi'  Uonibay  Army,  eldest  aon  of  tbt  I 
UiOor-Genenl  Henry  FaiUifnll,  H.B.I.CS 
Mary. Anne,  widow  of  Kotiert  Friib,  eaq 

Hnnibay. At  St.  Jamea'a  Hydepirfc,  Hei 

Wilpole  J.  OodlirMd,  eeq.  Lieut.  Royal  Ar 
Irry.  to  Ueorilana-Mary,  eldest  iIbb.  of  1< 
lllck^llI^  eaq.  of  aiODcealer  terr.  Hjdiia 

At  PaOdAudon,  Hector  S.  itlAm,t 

of  Caramena,  Ijonexal,  eldest  ■»  of  the  1 
Miior  H•^ei1^  ITIti  Linccra,  lo  Chariot 
Xichanhwn,  dau.  of  Ibe  Ute  U^for  Uooir,  i 
llninKHii. 

t.  At  (HieliKi,  Henry  Hentley  Wrinu,  a 
Cipt.  in  hit  Uirhneu  III*  Mnai'iBmir, 
Uary^lreviii.  tblnl  daa.  of  Demetrlu  Urci 
Jamas.  rMi.  <tf  ichthain  Court,  Kent,  and  O 

FieU  Court,  Tuabridfte  wella. At  BrtxU 

Uilliini  F.  Pomll,  eiq.  lo  aaT«b.JknB,  tpm 
dan.  of  John  Cbirlea   Firebroiber,  an. 

fjinibeth. At  Kastbonmr,  the  Re*.  Ha 

Mrni,  Keclor  of  Hevenlnjtbun,  SnflUk. 
.VoDle,  Kccond  dau.  of  Ihe  lite  DaTtea  Glib) 
tH|.  nf  Tredel,  (.'ornwall,    wid  Eutbomi 

SUHivx.  M.!'.  lor  Uodmln. At  St.  Abbi 

IdmclinuHr.  Joseph  Sleutngtr.  eoq.  of  Ibl 
Ktone.and  Kaaei  at.  lilrind,  architect,  to  Ji 
till  iliu.  of  David  Kapler,  eaq.  of  Hilli 

G.  Al  liockwortby,  Uevon,  the  Hot.  Ji 
Tkrurr,  Keclor  of  Aahbrittle  and  Stoko-A 
i<onerMt,  to  IiibrlU-Uiry,  widow  of  a 

Wlllbim  Ahler,  K..V.  of  lirraeomba. At 

Jnhn'si  Hyde  |iBTk,  Sir  OnrleB  Mmvt^L  1 
IjbiefJoalicv  of  Oeyloa,  lo  Mary,  wldoH 

.lxth"oii"of' 


rell,  ran.  of  Ciruberwell. At  tiower,  D.  J. 

inWrufr,  esq.  of  ItorEbeHierpUcP,  Blandlnni 
miuirr,  surieon,  to  Jiiir-IVailtin,  eldnt  dau. 
-■'-•-liteJ.M.V ■—'-  -— 

a  ijwBiniii 

FMI.    of  Ul 

la-nuinT, 


At  lli>ulii|(ue.aiir-Uer, 


„__ .         II.  TkomBnii, 

esq.  only  son  iiT  W.  Tbompran,  osi|.  uf  KilliaDi, 
Yurkahire,  and  iiriihinT  at  l^n  Warwick  lli-lo 
Tonkin,  lo  Kllia-nDreiKt,  ehU'St  dauKhler  of 
'*--  '-'"John  llaTl«.rBq.of  Hlrbmoud.Airrey- 
•iyniuuth,  Uaut..CiiL  Wltlfftf,  R.  M 


Ihe  late  TbosBU  Edwards,  eaq.  or  Clanl 
nimmia. — At  SI.  Panrraa,  Ciiarleo  M 
■lecond  soo  of  William  Lemf,  csn.  of  Park  I 
Hirtalhim.  tu  Iiahelli- Ellen,  eklest  ilan. 

John  Tyai,  esq.  of  aulldAird  slrtet. Al 

■■ancrai,  wn.  Awl,  esq.  of  IteaDnont  atri 
■on  of  the  Key.  U.  J.  Knali,  KecMr  of  Cr 
hursi,  f<aasn,  to  Anna.l^icacei,  only  ekih 

Chas.  Snmmera.  esq.  Koslon  aq. At 

Cieonce's  Hanover  sq.  tbe  Her.  Wllliun  C^ 

iialwth.  aU 

Iwrn,  Rcem 

:.  Airy'B  Bry 

!Bt  aon  or  Uci 

— .--.  Mart.  K.eB 

youDRsi  dia.  of  Kvaa  Mai 

K.u  u«„«,  evi.  of  Gloocester  piacr 

Uncaater,  the  Rev.  J.  fUMwIa,  II.A.  of  i 
ton.  Dear  Ullerslooe,  to  Mary^nna,  ^o 
dau.  of  Jotao  Bond,  enj.  of  I^MHtar. 


1.  of  Ihe  Hev.  biward  Sell 


649 


OBITUARY. 


Right  Hon.  Charles  Hope. 

Oct.  30.  At  his  house  in  Moray-place, 
Edinburgh,  in  his  89th  year,  the  Right 
Hon.  Charles  Hope,  of  Granton,  Lieut. - 
General  of  the  Royal  Archers  of  Scotland, 
and  a  Member  of  the  Honourable  Board 
of  Trustees  for  Manufactures,  &c. 

This  gentleman  was  a  great-grandson  of 
the  first  Earl  of  Hopetoun  ;  being  the 
eldest  son  of  John  Hope,  esq.  a  merchant 
in  London  and  M.P.  for  co.  Linlithgow, 
(younger  son  of  the  Hon.  Charles  Hope 
of  Craigie  hall,  also  M.P.  for  co.  Linlith- 
gow,) by  Mary,  only  daughter  of  Eliab 
Breton,  of  Norton,  co.  Northampton,  esq. 
by  Mary,  daughter  and  co-heiress  of  Sir 
William  Wolstenholme,  of  Forty  Hall,  co. 
Middlesex,  Bart.  He  was  bom  on  the 
29th  June,  1763.  His  two  younger  bro- 
thers were  the  late  Lieut.-General  Sir 
John  Hope,  G.C.H.,  and  the  late  Vice- 
Admiral  Sir  William  Johnstone  Hope, 
G.C.B. ;  both  of  whom  left  issue. 

The  family,  however,  have  been  chiefly 
distinguished  as  lawyers,  from  the  time 
of  their  famous  ancestor  Sir  Thomas 
Hope,  the  covenanting  Lord  Advocate  of 
Charles  L,  who  pled  in  court  with  two  of 
his  sons  as  judges  on  the  bench.  To  this 
aira,  we  believe,  is  traced  the  extraordinary 
privilege — now  rarely  exercised,  for  the 
Lord  Advocate  to  plead  uncovered  before 
the  court. 

Following  this  hereditary  bias,  Mr. 
Charles  Hope  was  admitted  a  member 
of  the  faculty  of  advocates  in  1784.  In 
17HG  lie  was  appointed  Deputy  Judge  Ad- 
vocate of  Scotland;  in  1791  Sheriff' of  the 
county  of  Orkney  and  Zetland ;  and  in 
1801  his  Majesty's  Advocate.  At  the 
general  election  in  IHO'i  he  was  returned 
to  Parliament  for  the  borough  of  Dum- 
fries. He  resigned  that  seat  at  the  close 
of  the  same  year,  in  order  to  stand  as  a 
candidate  for  the  city  of  Edinburgh,  when 
the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Dundas  (then  one 
of  the  representatives  of  the  city)  was 
created  Viscount  Melville.  Mr.  Hope 
was  elected  without  opposition ;  and  sat 
for  Edinburgh  during  two  sessions.  On 
the  20th  Nov.  1804  he  was  appointed  a 
Lord  of  Session  and  Lord  Justice  Clerk. 
In  1822  he  was  advanced  to  the  offices  of 
Lord  Justice  General  and  Lord  President 
of  the  Court  of  Session ;  and  was  sworn  a 
Privy  Councillor.  He  retired  from  his 
judicial  functions  in  1841, 

On  the  formation  of  the  Edinburgh  vo- 
lunteers, Mr.  Hope  was  appointed,  by 
couuiiission  dated  26th  May,  1803,  one  of 
the  Lieut. -Colonels  of  the  First  regiment, 

Gknt.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVL 


which  was  brought,  by  his  unremitted  at- 
tention, to  a  high  state  of  discipline. 

Mr.  Hope  was,  with  the  exception  of 
the  present  Lord  Panmure,  the  oldest  sur- 
viving member  of  the  Society  of  Anti< 
quaries  of  Scotland,  with  which  he  had 
been  connected  for  fifty-seven  years.  He 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  Edinburgh,  but  since  his  retirement 
from  the  bench  he  had  ceased  to  take  any 
active  part  in  its  proceedings. 

Mr.  Hope  married,  August  8,  1793,  his 
cousin.  Lady  CharlotteHope, eighth  daugh- 
ter of  John  second  Earl  of  Hopetoun ;  and 
by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  22nd  Jan. 
1834,  he  had  issue  four  sons  and  seven 
daughters :  1.  the  Right  Hon.  John  Hope, 
now  Lord  Justice  Clerk  and  President  of 
the  Court  of  Session,  who  married  Miss 
Irving,  and  has  issue  a  son  and  daughter ; 
2.  Elizabeth,  unmarried ;  3.  Capt.  Charles 
Hope,  R.N.  who  married,  in  1826,  Anne, 
eldest  daughter  of  Rear- Admiral  W.  H. 
Webly- Parry,  R.N.  and  by  that  lady,  who 
died  in  1836,  has  issue  a  son  and  two 
daughters;  4.  Sophia;  5.  James  Hope, 
esq.  who  married,  in  1828,  Elizabeth, 
eldest  daughter  of  the  Right  Hon.  David 
Boyle,  Lord  Justice  General  and  Presi- 
dent of  the  Court  of  Session,  and  has  issue 
a  numerous  family ;  6.  Charlotte ;  7.  Jane- 
Melville  ;  8.  Major  William  Hope,  who 
married,  in  1835,  Miss  Statyra  Livedos- 
tro,  and  has  bsue ;  9.  Margaret ;  10.  Anne 
Williamina,  married,  in  1829»  to  Hercales 
James  Robertson,  esq.  and  died  in  1842  ; 
and  1 1 .  Louisa- Augusta-Octavia,  unmar- 
ried. 


The  Hon.  Thomas  Kenyon. 

Nov,  4.  At  his  residence,  Pradoe,  co. 
Salop,  aged  71,  the  Hon.  Thomas  Kenyoo. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Lloyd  first 
Lord  Kenyon,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Court  of  King's  Bench,  by  Mary  third 
daughter  and  coheir  of  George  Kenyon, 
esq.  of  Peel  Hall,  Lancashire,  and  was 
born  Sept.  27,  1780. 

He  was  a  member  of  Christ  church, 
Oxford,  where  he  took  his  B.A.  degree 
June  3,  1801.  Having  married  in  1803  a 
sister  of  the  late  William  Lloyd,  esq.  of 
Aston  Park,  near  Oswestry,  he  fixed  his 
residence  in  Shropshire^  where  he  became 
an  active  and  useful  magistrate.  For 
nearly  twenty  years  he  filled  the  important 
situation  of  Chairman  of  the  Court  of 
Quarter  Sessions,  with  honour  and  credit 
to  himself,  and  in  a  manner  that  gave  ge- 
neral satisfaction,  both  in  regard  to  the 
due  direction  of  the  financial  affairs  of  tbQ 

40 


650 


Obituary. — The  Hon.  Thoma*  Kenj/on. 


[Dei 


county,  as  ■.<.Uo  tu  the  honest,  upright,  and 
discrimtrtLitive  method  in  which  be  ndrnt- 
DietDTCil  imblic  jnBtice.  His  charges  to 
the  jury  nere  at  all  times  concise  aod  per- 
Epicuaua,  and  erinced  csre  and  painiUk- 
ing  of  the  matter  which  ho  had  to  eluci- 
date, ai  well  as  a  atrang  mind,  added  to 
much  perception  of  character  ;  in  fact,  hie 
legal  knowledge,  jadidol  ability,  and  apti- 
tude for  ■         ■      ■  '    " 


ledge  ol 


liters  of  importinM  connected  with  t 
■j  of  Salop  ;  iadeedbla  perfect  bw 
of  public  buiineu  readeied  bU  * 

Tices  in  such  caaei  pecoliuir  eOcient  ■ 
acceptahla.     Nor  wH  he  1«M  readf  «h 
occBiion  required  ia  promotinc  the  1 
terciti  of  the  town  of  Shnwlburr  I  I 
lui  name  and  influence  will  ba  fotind  th 
uiefully  uiDciBted  during  ■  long  Mriw 
was  probably     yean,  and  ai  haTing  two,  or  thrae  tim 
chairman  in  the  king-     a  week,  like  a  true  rasident  gentloM 
dom.  driien  bis  oorriage,  four  in  hand,  into  t 

In  the  autumn  of  last  year,  lindiug  age  -  town.  The  town  of  Oawaatij,  in  t 
and  infirmities  increasing  u|>on  him,  he  more  immediate  Tidnity  of  hii  ci>ait 
tendered  hia  reiignadou  of  the  office  into  mansion,  waa  also  In  like  manner  &nM* 
the  bauds  of  hia  brother  magistrates,  by  by  bis  support,  and  of  that  plaee  I 
whom  it  was  receired  with  reluctance  and  was  elected  mayor  In  1H14,  and  inbi 
regret.  An  addrcai,  eipresaife  of  the  qoently  high  itewardof  the  bomimh.  1 
cordial  tliauka  of  the  msgiatratea  of  Sbrop-  aeried  the  offlce  of  treaanrer  of  tM  Sdi 
ehire,  was  accordingly,  at  the  Michaelmas  Inflrmory  in  181S,  and  wsa  alao  n  tnM 
Seasioua,  unauimoualy  voted  to  him  for  of  the  Royal  Free  Grammar  t 
Ilia  Taluable  semcea,  to  which  Mr.  Philli-       ■'  "'    ■-'''-"---'-  "■  - 

more,  as  leader  of  the  sessions  bar,  joined 
in  a  forcible  and  elegant  eulogy  in  testi- 
mony of  his  merit,  "For,"  said  the  learned 
gentleman,  "  Mr.  Kenyon  posseBBed,  in 
an  eminent  degree,  the  firmneal  and  sa- 
gacity to  which,  as  every  lawyer  knows, 
be  bad  an  hereditary  title.  I'roud  of  a 
spotless  reputation,  which  liad  betm  be- 
(jueathed  to  him  by  bis  father,  he  was 
careful  to  tranamit  that  noblest  of  alt 
patrimonies  unimpaired  to  his  posterity ; 
and  as  the  great  Athenian  made  it  hia 
chief  boast  (bat  for  his  sake  no  ciliien 
had  ever  put  on  mooming,  so  might  Mr. 
Kenyon  say  with  truth,  that  no  sentence 
of  bis  ever  drew  a  tear  from  innoeenco, 
No  man's  soul  vibrated  more  instiDctlvely 
to  the  touch  of  humanity — no  man  had  a 
readier  eyn  for  pily^he 

while  he  punished  the  offence  of  the  cri-  coffee' pot  and  stand.  He  il 
miiial — and  the  people  saw  that  in  his  the  rank  of  Mqor,  which  be  nniitiiineJ 
hands  the  rod  of  justice  was  wielded  from  hold  UDtil  tho  lait  two  yean.  In  II] 
□eceeaity,  not  frout  incUnatlou.  These  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and  vkinitj 
qualities  could  not  but  go  far  to  give  him  Oswestry  presenteil  him  with  a  aafw 
credit  with  the  inluibitants  of  this  iielgb-  candelebrum,  as  a  token  of  "gntitBdaei 
bourhood,  and  a  atrong  hold  on  their  esteem"  for  his  serricea  aa  their  HI) 
afTectiona  ;  for,  divided  oa  we  are  in  po-  Steward.  Having  also  kiDf  taken  ■• 
liticat  opinion,  ever;   Englishman   loves     interest  in  the  well-d^of  of  rand-«e«^^ 


Among  the  testimonial!  of  itmftdt  |l 
aentcdto  Mr.  Kenyon  in  tfpndMkm' 

imi,  a  splendid  sword,  the  gift  of  d 
non-commissioned  offieera  andpriTatM' 
the  4  th  company  of  Sliropabira  Volnnta 
Infantry,  "To  thair  Captain  the  Hei 
'Hianivaa  Kenyon,  as  a  token  of  ibair  1^ 

Kenyon  hdd  also,  for  tOMetlae,  the  ran 
ofUeDtenant-ColonelintheMwrtkSbni 
shire  Yeomanry  Cavaliy,   nnUl  goiM 

mcnt  resolved  to  abolish  tikat  i  iiiliimMiW 
when  he,  in  common  with  other  oBh 
of  a  similar  rank,  resigned.  On  tbian 
cauou  the  members  of  tlw  Oeweaby  ^nn 
Ton,  in  testimony  of  their  Bateaaa,  and": 

aan  uaa  a      gratitude  to  his  uniform  kind  altenUM  < 

the  heart     the  sqoadron ,' '  gave  him  •■ 


1  upright  judge.     Hut  tbia  and  guards  i 

is  not  allj  for  he  might  aay  that,  under  oaeful   and    i 

hia  control,  there  always  prevailed  in  this  nearly   eitinc 

court  that  liberal  urbanity,  and  that  re-  embussed  pie 

gard  to  the  rclincmenta  and  couiteaies  of  gained  and  ae 

life,  by  which  intercourse  among  gentle-  all  dasseai  n 

,  whatever  be    Ibeir  relatiie    duties,  hia  dispoaitio 


reoeifed  in  IMS,  froa  tt 
.pectable  bedj  and  m 
class  of  men,  n  auot 
of  silver  plain.  Than  1 
red  the  pnanl  renfet 
conld  it  ba  otbwwU^  I 

—   — r *aa  kind    and   hnnwa 

ought  always  to  be  distinguished.  There  joined  to  a  nuhle  frankaen  and  -^HH 
was  that  trust  and  confidence  between  the  of  manner, — indeed  benevolence  wtm  d 
bench  and  the  bar  which  so  materially  picted  in  his  oountenaaaeg  and  Ua  ii 
aasiata  the  administrationof  justice,  which  ample  forehead  denoted  an  iahilhull 
secures  the  dignity  of  tho  one  and  eaalts  mind  within. 
the  ohaiacter  of  tho  other." 

In  addition   to  bis  magiaterial  duties 
Mr.  Kenyan  was  ever  prDmia< 


miDu  wiinin. 

Mr.  Kenjron  married,  April  1^  IH 
Laaisa- Charlotte,  second  ^mAtmttt 
Rev.  John  Robert  Lloyd,  of  Aaton  he 


1851.]         Obituary.— John  Edmund  Dowdemell,  Esq. 


651 


Salop ;    and  by  that  ladj,  trho   ia   s 
living,  be  had  iaiofl  twelve  children, 
whom  icTen  sons  and  two  dsugblers  9t 
Tiie.     Their  names   were    as  follow:   I. 
Llojd  Kenyon,  esq.  who  died  unmnrrif  d 
Jm.  I,  1836.10  his  33d  ymrj  S.Tbomu 
Kenjon,  eaq,   bora  In   1805;    3.   Jolin 
Robert  Kenjon,  D.  C.  L,,  Vinerian  Pro- 
fessor of  Common  Lair  in  the  UnWcraity 
of  Oxford  and  Recorder  or  Oaweitry  ;  h.e 
married  in  1B*S  Marj-Elbu,  only  dau^h. 


ter  of  Edward  Hawlrinp 
Keeper  of  the  Antiqajii^i  und' Coins 
the  Brltiah  Moseam,  rind  lini  isEiic; 
Mary,  who  died  in  I82S,  In  her  I6(h  jrt 


:ill     wlien  the  fnniily  esl 

of     uid  GlouceiCerahin 

IT-     tlemnn  i 

I.     Lincoloshire  being  inhtriteil  by  his  elder 

ti  brother  Edward -Chriatopber,  n  Doctor  in 
Divinity,  Cunon  of  CiiHat  Church.  Oxford, 
and  lUctor  of  Stanford  Rivera,  Easex,who 
died  in  tH49.  The  eldest  daaglilDr,  Eliia- 
heth,  WUB  married  to  the  late  Sir  Wiliiam 
Weller  Pepye,  Baronet,  father  of  the  pre- 
sent Bishop  of  Worcester  and  of  the  Jate 
Lord  Chancellor  Cottenhani. 

Mr.  Dowdeswdl  wufdncated  at  West- 
minster School,  where  he  entered  in  17/9, 
and  removed  1o  Christ  Chureti,  Oxford, 
in    nan.     During    his    residence   at   the 
Writerahip    in   India   was 


.   Charlotte,   married      _     __    

Rev.  John    Hill,    next   brother   to    Lord 

Vlaconnt  Hill,  and  has  i-sue  ;  T.  William  tendered  for  his  acceptance  by  hisfalher'i 

KeByon,eaq.wbomarrii."liu  1815  Frances  fHendj,    the    Duke   of  Portland  and  the 

daughter  of  Robert  Agliooby  Slaney,  esq.  Right  Hon.  Edmond  BurVc  i  but  on  con- 

M.P.forShrewaburyje. the  Rev.  Charles  lutting  the  head  of  his  college,  the  celo- 

Orlando   Kenjon,   who  married  in  1844  bratedDr.  Jacltson.DeanotChrislChnrob. 

Matilda- Eloiia,  only  daughter  of  the  Rev.  he  was  induced  lo  deeline  the  offer.     Ho 

Henry  CalTerley  Cotton,  cousin  lo  Lord  graduated  B. A.  May  IG,  179S,«ndM.A. 

TlseouDt  Combermere,  and  hss  Issue  ;  9.  Nov.  2.  i:35. 
Arthur-Richard  1    10.    Emma-Jane  i    . 
Henry,  who  died  In  1897.  aged  Ave  yeai 


and  12.  Rowland- White  hull,  bom  in  \9.t\. 
Hia  remains  were  interred  Nor.  13th 
In  the  fkmily  vault  in  the  churchyard  at 
Weatfelton,  bo.  Salop.  J.  P. 

.,   EitQ. 


Having  choaen  the  profeleion  of  the 
law,  ho  became  a  pupil  of  the  late  Sir 
Samuel  Romilly.  and  wai  called  to  the 
bar  by  the  Society  of  the  Inner  Temple, 
May  C,  1796.  After  long  and  sssidnons 
study  in  the  Court  of  Chsacery,   he  ob- 

taiaed  cansiderahle  practice,  aod  rose  to 

John  ErsiinNo  Dowbk»iwkii.,  Eito.  eminrnco  in  the  profeasioD  which  he  had 

Nov.  II.  At  his  seat.  Full  Court,  Wor-  adapted.  Among  the  several  diatingnishEd 
cestershlre,  in  the  SOlh  year  of  his  age,  men  who  pIscM  themselves  under  his 
John  Edmnnd  Dowdeswell,  esq.  M.A.  a  gnidance  in  Iheir  studies  us  pupils  in  this 
B«ncher  of  the  Inner  Temple  i  formerly  a  branch  of  the  law  was  his  oephew.  Charles 
Master  inCbanceryand  M. P.  forTewkes-  Pepys,  Earl  of  CottenLnm,  sneceasively 
bury.  Master  of  the  Rolls  and  Chancellor  of 

Mr.  Dowdeswell'i  father  wns  the  Right  England.  Mr.  Dowdeswell  was  for  gome 
Hon.  William  Dowdeawell,  M.P.  forWor-  limes  Commisnioncr  of  BankrupU;  and 
cestershlre,  who  was  CliaDL-ellor  of  the  in  I8S0  he  was  appointed  to  the  office  of 
Exchequer  during  the  A  dm  in  is  trail  on  Master  in  Chancery,  by  Lord  Chancellor 
of    the     Marquess    of    Rockingham,    in      Eldon. 

1T65  and  1766,  and  msrcied  Bridget,  Soon  afler  the  illness  and  retirement  of 
youngest  daughter  of  Sir  William  Cod-  the  Eaii  of  Collenhain,  Mr.  Dowdeswell, 
rington,  Bart.  He  died  in  1775,  leaving  being  senior  vaster,  resigned  his  office, 
I  vridow  and  lb  children,  the  youngest     the  duties   of  which  he   had  performed 


of  whom  was  John  Edniui 


gentleman  were  Thorn o 
early  Into  the  military  sprvice  of  his 
country,  and  owing  to  the  hnrdships  he 
experienced  while  upon  aolivs  service  with 
his  regiment  iu  America,  he  Ijerame  totally 
blind  before  he  attained  \\\*  33d  year;  he 
married  Mngdalena,  youngest  daughter 
of  Adm.  Sir  Tfaorou  Pasley.  Bart,  and 
died  without  issue  on  the  I  lib  Nov.  IRII. 
U  illiam  was  a  General  in  the  army,  and 
was  celebrated  for  his  fine  entleclion  of 
books  and  rare  prints  \  he  died  on  the  1st 
Dec.  IS2B,  (see  a  memoir  of  General  Dow- 
deswell in  Gent.  Mag.  toI.  igti.  i.  UO  0 


during  the  long  period  of  thirty  years, 
with  great  leal  and  ability,  nnited  to  nni- 
form  kindoeaa  and  uoarteiy  to  all  who 
were  professionally  engaged  in  hia  oifiM. 
Upon  the  occasion  of  his  raliremeot,  ho 
was  addrsBsed.  by  his  brother  Maitcrs,  In 
terms  of  aSectiouate  attachment  and  nl- 
Icrm.  He  was  also  addressed  by  th« 
muBl  eminent  solicitors  of  London,  who 
availed  thcmsetves  of  the  opportunity  ta, 
express  to  him  their  "deep  sense  of  lbs 
great  ability  and  discretion  with  which  ha 
had  discharged  his  important  duties,  and 
at  the  same  time  lo  acknowledge 
marked  courtesy  which  they, 
branch  of  the  profession,  hai 
experienced  at  hli  handi," 


s,  ana  , 

tb*  ^^J 

tbnll  ^^H 

Tiabtr  ^^H 


652                  Obituary. — John  Henrle  Tremayne,  E*q.  CI'^ 

Id  b  leading  article  of  the  Morning  coId'i  Idd,  lecDDd  Mn  of  J.  Bereiu,  m 

Chronicle,  ot  Dec.  13,  1847,  commeiDiiig  of  Kevington,  Kent.     His  roanser  M 

"  OD  the  nierita  of  the  reepectWe  cUims  Juha   Christopher    Dowdeawcll,   ewg. 

of  members  of  the  Equity  bar  to  the  im-  Rijiple  CoQrt,  near  Terkealnirj,  died 

portant  judicial  olfice  of  the  Maitership  ISaO.    It  ii  aomewhat   remukabla  th 

ID   Chsacer;,"   the   writer,    after    aome  the  late  Mr.  Dowdnwell  ahould  hare  n 

lengthened  obserrstioDa  on  the  "  nolo-  liTed  liiB  eldest  brother,  Thomai,  euet 

riooslj  inefficient  Btste  of  Che  offices  of  forty  yeuv— both  baring  died  on  the  11' 

the  Masters,"  thns  alludes  to  some  of  the  of  NoTember. 

senior  ones— "  Mi'.  Dowdesnell  and  Mr.  As  a  proof  that  the  inhabitant*  of  Tei 

Farrer,  though  entitled  by  their  sdranced  lesbury  contiDualtoentcrtain  the  higfac 

age  to  retiring  pensions,  are  uniTersslly  respect  and  esteem  for   their  fanner  r 

respected  and  esteemed  sa  Jadgei,  espe-  presenlstive  and  lecorder  to  the  eloae 

cially  Mr.  Dowdeswell,  whose  eiperience,  his   life,  it  need  only  be  atated  that  d 

despatch  of  business,  and  singular  official  whole  of  the  iobabitanta   apontaneoBi 

qualities,  and  sound  sense,  aie  above  all  closed  their  shops  and  haiueB  on  tha  di 

praise."  of  his  funeral;  and  that  one  hundred  ai 

In  179B  Mr.  Dowdeswell  became  Re-  fifty  of  them,  of  all  ralifioDa  creed*  ai 

carder  of  Tewkesbury,  and  he  performed  all  shades  in  polities,  OMt  tlie  eortMe  in  d 

the  duties  oF  that  office  with  lesl  and  Tillage  of  Bnshl^,  and   preceded   it  ] 

efficiency  until  tlie  year  1833,  when  he  solemn  procession  to  its  final  natinfplai 

resigned.     He  was  lirat  chosen  a  repre-  in  Che  family  Tault.     The  preaent  ^ui 

sentative  in   Parliament  for  Che  borough  at    Buahley   was   erected   in   1843,  at  I 

of  Tewkesbury  in  1H12i  was  re-elected  Co  expense  of  nearly  5,0001.  by  tbo  lata  Br 

the  five  succeeding  Parliaments,  and  con-  Dr.   Dowdeswell,  which  fact  la  reoords 

tinned  its  representative  for  npwardi  of  on  a  brass  piste  in  the  interior   of  tl 


twenty  years.     He  gave  hia  general  aup.  chaste  and  beautiful  atrnrtare  (which  w 

port  to  the  admiaistrstiocs  of  Mr.  Per-  designed  by  Mr.  Blore)  : — 

ceval.  Lord  Liverpoal,  and  the  Duke  of  "To  record  the  piety  and  mnnifieenc 

Wellington.     He  voted  in  favour  of  the  of  Edward  Christopher  Dowdeawell,  An 

repeal  of  the  Test  snd  Corporatlou  Acts,  merly  Incumbent  of  thli  pariah.  Rector  n 

and  against  Che  Claims  of  the  Raman  Ca-  Stanford  Rivers,    and   Canon    of   Cbrii 

thotics.     He  also,    upon  the  hustings  at  Church,    Oxford,   at  whoae   expeoBB   tt 

Tewkesbury,  opposed  Che  popular  cry  of  Church  was  rebuilt  and  endowed,  JLE 

—"The  Dili,  the  whole  Bill,  and  nothing  Mdccckliii.   this  Plata  ia  inaeribed  b 

but  the  Bill ;"  and  yet  (a  rare  instance  at  his  yottngest  and  sole  tnrriring  brothe 

that  period  of  immense  exciCement)  was  J.  E.  Dowdeawell." 

returned  at  the  then  general  election  by  a  "  E.  C.  D.  died  Angnttl,  Hdcccxui 

conaidershle    majority    over    the   presenC  sged  lXizv." 

Lord   Sudeloy,  one  of  the  Reform  can-  

didaCei.  This,  however,  was  not  considered  John  Hearli  Tumattis,  Eaa- 

a    triumph   o>er   Reform    principles    aC  Aug.  27.     In  his  7Zd  year,  John  Heari 

Tewkesbury,  but  as  an  especial  mark  of  Tremayne,   esq,  ot  Heligan  in  Coraaal 

the  general  esteem  with  which  Mr.  Dow.  and  of  Sydenham,  CO.  Devon,  a  magiatnl 

deswell  was  personally   regarded  in  that  and  Deputy-Lieutenant  of  ComwaO,  ^ 

town  and  neiglibourhood.  formerly  M.P,  for  that  countj. 

Arter  relinqniehiug  his  official  duties.  He  was  the  only  son  of  the  Rev.  Henr 

Mr.  Dowdeswell  eaught  retirement  in  the  Hawkins  Tremayne,  by  Harriet,  daii(lilc 

cooDtry,  where  lie  enjoyed,  to  the  last,  and  coheir  of  John  Hearle,  eaq.  of  Pai 

social   intercourse   with   his    neighbours,  ryn,  some  time  Vice-Warden  of  the  Stai 

He  was  eteody  in  bis  friendships,  cheerful  naries.     His  father  became  the  repreaai 

in  general  society,  kind  and  conaidergte  tative  of  the  very  ancient  family  of  Tn 

to  all  aroiinil  him,  and  universally  loved  mayne  on  the  death,  in  1BD8,  of  Artha 

and  respected.     Mr.  Dowdeawell  married  Tremayne,  eiq.   who  deviled   Uie  fkmil 

Miss  C8rolinBBrieticke,whodiedinlfl'l&,  estates  to  him,  althongh  k  very  diatn 

and  has  left  one  son  and  one   ilaughCer.  cousin,    Cheir    common   ancertor   bavi^ 

William,  his  elder  and  only  surviving  sou,  been  John  Tremayne,  of  Callacosoba,  wb 

who  represented  Tewkesbury  in  Farlia-  lived  in  the  reign  ot  King  Edward  th 

ment  from  183^  to  IS49,  succeeds  to  the  Fourth.    The  Rev..  H.  H.  Tremayne  die 

family  estates.     This  gentleman  married  on   the  10th  Feb.  1B29.     Ilia  gantleBai 

in  1H39  Amelia- Letitia.youngeat  daughter  now  deceased  had  long  previoaalyaaaamei 

of  the  lute  Robert  Graham,  eaq.  of  Cos-  ■  jirominent    position   in   the  connty    o 

aington  House,  Somerset.     Mr.  Dowdes-  Cornwnll. 

will's  only  daughter,  Cnlhmnc,  is  married  lie  was  a  member  of  Chriit   cbaid 

til  Ridi.iril  Bi'nuvuir  Itrrens,  eni  o(  lin-  Oxford,  where  the  degree  of  B.A.  wa 


1851.] 


Obituary. — John  Btarle  Trema^ns,  Eaq. 


conferred  upon  him  in  1802.  At  the  ge- 
neral election  of  1806.  nhen  he  wu  onlj 
tweal^-Bii  years  of  o^e^  he  was  chosen 
one  of  the  membera  for  Cornwall  j  unii  he 
continued  to  represent  the  count;  in  pRT- 
liament  for  the  period  of  twen^  jean. 
He  escaped  the  uiiiet;  sad  eipenn  of  ■ 
contested  electioni  but  bia  retiremeDt  was 
caused  by  one  being  aeriouslj  threatened. 

The  fallowing  is  an  eilract  from  the 
late  Mr,  Dines  Gilbert'i  Histarj  of 
CornwaU(Tol.  i.  p.  423); 

"  It  a  impossible  to  say  too  much  in 
praise  of  the  late  Mr.  Henry  Hawkiat 
Tremayne  :  possessed  of  good  abihtiet.  of 
■  sound  understanding,  of  practical  know- 
ledge of  business,  and  of  the  utmost  kind- 
ness of  heart,  he  became  the  father  of  hia 
neighbourhood,  recoD oiling  all  diaputes,  ad- 
justing all  differencesi  and  tempering  the 
administration  of  justice  with  lenity  and 
forbearance.  So  high  and  bo  eitensiTe  was 
the  reputation  of  Mr.  Tremayne  throngh- 
out  the  whole  county,  that  his  son,  buoy- 
ant on  the  father's  Tirtnes,  and  before  op. 
tortnnities  were  afforded  for  displaying 
is  own,  passed  by  an  unsnimoos  election 
into  the  high  station  of  representatire  toz 
Cornwall ;  but  eiperienca  soon  proTed 
that  Mr.  John  Heaile  Tremayne  wanted 
no  assistance  from  hereditary  claims  to 
make  him  worthy  of  that,  or  of  any  other 
distinction.  And  the  Editor  takes  this 
opportunity  of  repeating  what  he  had  the 
honour  of  addressing  to  a  county  meeting, 
preiiously  to  Mr.  Tremayne's  declaration 
of  not  allowing  himself  to  be  elected  for 
the  siith  lime,  to  avoid  the  embroilment  of 
a  contest :  '  I  have  had  the  hsppinEia  of 
witnessing  Mr.  Tremayne's  conduct  in 
parliament  for  twenty  years ;  and  knowing 
the  high  estimation  in  which  he  is  held  by 
all  parlies,  and  by  all  sides  of  the  Honse 
of  Commons,  I  venture  to  assert  that 
ComwBll  would  fall  in  pnbLc  opinion  if 
Mr.  Tremayne  were  not  again  returned, 
let  hia  successor  be  who  be  may,'  " 

After  his  retirement  from  parliament, 
Mr.  Tremayne  sened  the  office  of  High 
Sheriff  of  Cornwall  in  1831. 

We  add  tbe  followiog  remarks  from  the 
Royal  Cornwall  Gaiette  of  the  5th  S«it.  i 

"  As  a  Member  of  Parhament  Mr.  Tre- 
mayne served  his  coQUtry  ably,  falthfaUy, 
and  conscientiously,  through  an  ardooni 
period  nf  twenty  years.  Ably,  for  he  wa* 
a  man  of  sterling  ability ;  faithfully,  for 
he  was  ever  constant  and  firm  at  his  post; 
conscientiously,  most  conscientionaly,  for 
it  is  well  known  how  great  waa  the  anxiety 
which  he  sometimes  experienced  in  cor- 
recting the  suggestions  of  private  or 
party  feelings,  by  tbe  dictates  of  a  sonnd 
and  upright  mini!. 

"  When  he  retired  from  the  Uoow  of 


653 

Commons,  inateail  of  abandoning  hiusclf 
to  the  serenity  and  calm  onupations  of  * 
conntrylife,  and  yielding  totbaCboaonrable 
repose  in  the  bosom  of  his  family  which 
he  might  have  fairly  claimed,  he  derated 
himself  to  bis  magisterial  duties, and  to  the 
promotion  of  the  larions  interests  of  hii 
native  county,  which  to  the  end  of  Ms  life 
he  continued  to  serve  with  the  same  readi- 
ness, and  the  same  untiring  industry, 
that  had  characlerieed  his  parliomeutary 
career.  Whenever  in  pubUc  he  spoke  on 
any  question  of  importance,  his  manly  un- 
derstanding led  him  straightforward  to 
the  point,  and  he  neier  failed  to  engage 
the  attention  of  his  hearers,  for  they  felt 
that  his  language  was  the  language  of  the 
heart.  In  his  capacity  of  s  magistrate, 
whether  as  chairman  of  our  county  ses- 
sions, or  on  less  conspicuous  occasions, 
he  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  pre-emi- 
nl^nce  to  which  his  legal  intelligence  and 
impartiality  entitled  him. 

"  Blessed  with  ample  possessioni,  hia 
charity  was  as  unbounded  as  his  hospi- 
tality :  hut,  instead  of  proceeding  to  make 


mpltc 


record  the 

last  act  of  his  benevolent  life,  Being  iin< 
willing  to  pass  an  old  servant  by,  who 
lived  somcnbcro  near  the  Daw] ish  r^wn 
station,  he  stopped  to  call  on  him,  whieli 
obliged  him  to  quicken  hia  pace  aft^warda, 
and  this,  it  is  supposed,  in  connection 
with  an  aifection  of  the  heart,  leaded  to 
produce  the  sudden  cstsBtrDphe  whieh  haa 
,  and  wiU  occasion,  so  many 
Oow  from  high  and  low,  rich  and 
iwds  of  nbom  ire  restrained  from 
ho  last  tribute  to  his 

purposely  made  knowi 

so  eipressed  in  bia  will,  to  be  carrie 

(he  grave  like  his  venerated  father,  wiHl    . 

as  little  immp  and  display  of  human  dil- 

tioction  as  possihEe." 

Ue  dropped  down  suddenly  and  expired 
at  the  railway  station  at  Dawliab,  on  hit  , 
return  to  the  residence  of  Sir  Henry  P. 
Davie,  Bart,  at  Creedy  House,  after  visit- 
ing some  relationi  at  the  vicarage  of  Daw- 
lish. 

Ho  married.  Jan.  11,  1813,  Carolioe- 
Mstilda,  youngest  daughter  of  Sir  Wiiliain 
Lemoa.  of  Carclew.  Bart.  M,P.  for  Coni- 
wbII,  by  Jane,  daoghter  of  James  Buller, 
esi).  of  Morvil ;  and  baa  left  issue  thm 
sons  ;  John,  bom  in  1923  ;  Arthur,  boni 
in  1B27,  a  Captain  in  the  13th  Dragoon 
Guards  I  aud  Henry.  Hawkins,  bom  in 
'K30.  B.A.    of  Christ  Church,   Oxfordt 


.  d^ughle 


,  Har 


t-Jane,  married    • 


William  SalosbDry  Trelawny,  Hart.  Lonl   * 


654  William  Buifeild,  Etq.  M.P.—Itaae  Cookton,  Etq.     [Dec. 

Lientenant  of  Cornwall ;  ind  Muy,  ntr-  Mr.  Bnifend  murtad,  Mar  "■  IBC 
riedanthel3tkPeb.  IsittatheRer.JohD  Carollae,  eldot  dinghter  of  Cipt  Cbni 
TownabcadBoieiven,  RcctorofLamomn     Wood,    R.N.  of  Bcnrllnf  Half,  Miw*  I 


Litall,  coualn  to  the  Earl  of  P>1- 


thc  late  Sir  Fnacit  Lindlar  Wood,  ] 
and  conain  to  tha  prsaoot   Cbme^lor  t 
the  Exchequer ;   bat  bj  that  ladj,  «fe 
died  April  8,  leap,  he  had  bo  Iimii 

Oet.  I 


WiLHAu  BoaraiLD,  Eaa.  M.P. 

Bipt.  II.  In  Burj.itreet,  St.  Jaran'f, 
after  a  protracted  iWntn.  agBd  78,  Wil- 
liam Busfeild,  esq.  of  Upwood,  Yorkahire,  _.   _  ,     „__   ._,      ... 

M.P.  for  Brailford,  a  magistrate  uid  Da-  Cookaon,  eeq.  of  Meldon  Park,  NoitinB 

pun  Lieutenant  of  the  West  Riding.  berland.amagiitrateaiul  deputy  lirateuB 

Thia  gentleman  wu  tbe  eideat  aon  of  ofchat  coaDty. 

JohnaoD  Atkinaon,   M.D,  of  Leeda,  by  Thia  gentleman  wu  tb«  third  bod  of  tt 

Etizabelh,  only  daughter  and  beireii  of  late  laaao  Cookaon,  eaq.  of  WhttehiU,  eo 

William  Bnafeild,  eiq,  of  Itf  ahworth  Hall,  Durham;  and  brother  to  the  pretent  Job 

In  the  pariah  of  Binglej'.     Dr.  Atkinaon  Cookaan,  e«q.  of  WhitdilU,     tod  totk 

aiaumed  the  name  of  Buafeild  after  the  late  Chrlitopher  Cookaon,  uq.  Romrdt 

death  of  his  wife'a  uncle,  Tliomaa  Boa-  of   NewcaaUe-npon-Tyne   and   BerwUc 

feild,     raq.     and     aftcnrarda    resided    at  upon-Tweed.     Hli  mother  w 

Myrtle  Grove,  in  the  pariili  of  Bingley, 

where  he  wai  an  active  mBglitrata  anS 
Registrar  of  tlie  West  Riding.  The  Bua- 
feildii  were  a  family  of  long  standing  ii 


Newcaa tie- upon -lyne,  bT  BrtdgaC  Bte 
cowe,  of  the  family  i^Bluicowe  RaD,  li 


Leeda,  and  Ryabworth  was  parchaiedby 
William  Buafeild,  who  wai  mayor  of  that 
towninlfi?.!. 

The  gentian 
at  Myrtle  Ore 

was  a  member  of  Qneen'a  eollcge,  Ci 
bridge,  hut  did  not  take  a  degree. 

Mr.    IJuafelld    waa   for   many   years 


Major 


1  the  ] 


I  Won 


Having  profiKinod  himself  aa  hiving  been 
"  for  the  last  forty  years  a  glauncli  Whig 
and  Reformer,"  be  wan  a  candidate  for 


iberland. 

Mr.  Isaac  Cookaon  entered  Into  barf. 

ncas  at  en  early  age,   and  waa  for  mtm\ 

years  anocessfully  engaged  In  the  nun» 

eccated  was  horn     factnre  of  glass,  wbleh  was  also  carried  M 

year  1 7T3.     He     by  bii  yomiger  brother  JoMph  at  Briflol 

"e  was  a  partner  of  WUlkm  Crthbert, 

q.   now  of  Beanfroot,  Mwan  wkoM 

nily  and  his  own  two  ■atrimeaU  oUt 

cea  have  alnoe  been  formed.    Utoworin 

^re  aold  in  Che  year  184S. 

lie  served  the  offiee  of  Sheriff  of  New- 

.801,  waa  ehoaen  an  aldenaai 


the  borough  of  Bradford  at  tlie  general      Sept  22,  IBOT,  and  waa  mayor  In  1U9 

election  in  IHIT.     The  otlier  candidate*     When  the  truiCees  of  Qreenwkh  Hoa^la 

snld,ln  Ifl.ie,  icTcralofttieold  DerwaaC 

wstcr  eataCea,  Mr.  Cookaon  boa|ht  >M 

don   Park,   and  he  aerred   Hie  f~"    ~ 


a  F.llia  CunlifTe  Lister,  e>q.  and  John 
Hardy,  ran.  Ilia  former  mcmhers,  and  bis 
nephew  William  Bnsfvild,  eaq.  who  has 
ainca  taken  the  name  of  Ferrnod,  who 
profeaaed  Conservative  princlpli 
poll  terminated,  to  the  cxeluainn 
Hardy,  a  a  followa, — 

Ellia  CunlilTe  LiKter,  eaii.    .     . 

Willinm  Ituaftiild,  esq.    .     .     . 

John  Hardy,  clq 

Wm.  Busfdld.jun.  esq.      .     . 

At  the  gL-neral  eli 
Hardy  recovered  liia 
at  the  head  of  the  poll  by  IJ12  votes,  and 
Mr.  Lister  by  :i4U ;  wliilat  Mr.  Iluafeild 
had  only  53G ;  but,  Mr.  Lister  dying, 
another  election  took  place  in  Sr|>leinber 
of  the  same  year,  when  Mr.  llnsfcihi  waa 
elected  by  S2li  votes,  although  lie  was  run 
'   le  by  Mr.  Wilberforce,  who  pulii  "  " 


High  Sheritf  of  Northnmberiand  tn  lasa 
I.      ine  Hemnrriedin  IMSiJuMiOnlyehtMo 

of  Mr.  the  late  Edward  Cooke,  elq.  orTofrton 
in  the  same  county;  by  whoan  ba  haa 
Qjr^  iasue  six  sons  and  six  daoghloTa.  Of  thi 
QO]  formnr  three  survive  bini ;  naniely,  Jolll 
^f3  Cookson,  esq.  who  married  in  ISSTSanb 
3i.;i         elilesC  daughter  of  the  late  Sir  Matthai 

Ridley,  Bart,  of  BlagdoD,  aad  h« 

the  Rev.  Edward  Cookaon,  wbi 


1  1H41  Mr. 


icing  returned     „,rried  in  Ifl.ll'Sabioa-Eltaoor,  di^riUa 

" of  the  late  Oeo^  Strickland,  eaq,  ofNmr 

ton,  and  granddaughter  of  Bir  M'lTHaa 
Strickland,  Bart,  and  haalsane;  and  WD 
llam-Isaac  Cookson,  esq.  who  married  b 
1839  Jane-Anne,  second  dangbtar  of  WD' 
Ham  Cnthbert,  etq.  of  Bnnftmt,  cq 
.,.f    ,    .  I    1  '.,      ,'"■;,.,","■     Northumberland,  and    haa    Isaoe.      tti 

At  the  last  general  election  in  184J  he     ^■^i„^  ,„„  jj^j  ,„  y„^^  ,„  igjy    ^  ^ 
«  returned  at  the  head  ..f  Hie  poll,-  two    younger  sen.    were   ArthnrJama 

M'illiam  BDaK-11,1.  r<.i  .     .     937         who    died  in    1841,    In   bli  SSth   year 

Lt.-Col.  T.  IVmoiBl  'ri>..nipat)n  036         and  Isaac,  who  died  young.    Hla  daMh 
■  -  -         •      Eliiabeth  I    -     -^^ 


H.  W.  A 
G.  H- 


HIS 


Donna,    married   la    IBM    to    tte  Bar 


18/il.] 


Obituary. —  Thomas  Phillips^  Esq* 


655 


John  E.  Shadwell,  Rector  of  All  Saints, 
Southampton,  second  son  of  the  lute 
Sir  Launcelot  Shadwell,  Vice-Chancel- 
lor  of  England;  3.  Fanny. Isabella,  who 
died  in  1835;  4.  Sarali-Jane,  married  in 
1839  to  Sidney  Robert  Streatfeild,  esq. 
Major  in  the  52d  regiment ;  5.  Mary, 
married  in  1810  to  William  Cuthbert,  esq. 
eldest  son  of  WiUiam  Cuthbert,  esq.  of 
Beaufrout,  and  has  issue  ;  and  6.  Eroily- 
Lutwidge,  married  in  1847  to  Count 
Maximilian  of  Lerchenfcid  Brennberg,  only 
son  of  the  Count  of  Lerchenfeld  Brenn- 
berg  of  Brandsegg  in  Bavaria. 

The  body  of  Mr.  Cookson  waa  brought 
to  England  and  buried  at  Meldon. 


Thomas  Phillips,  Esq. 

June  13.  At  his  residence,  5,  Bruns- 
wick Square,  London,  Thomas  Phillips, 
esq.  formerly  a  medical  officer  in  the  King's 
naval  service,  and  subsequently  in  that  of 
the  East  India  Company,  and  a  Member 
of  the  Calcutta  Medical  Board. 

Mr.  Phillips  was  born  in  London  on 
the  Gth  day  of  July,  1760,  and  was  the 
son  of  Thomas  Phillips,  esq.  of  the  Excise 
dc])artmcnt  of  revenue.  His  relatives 
were  of  the  parish  of  Llandegley  and 
neighbourhood,  in  the  county  of  Radnor; 
where,  having  occasionally  passed  some 
time  in  his  younger  years,  his  health, 
which  was  delicate,  became  thereby  im- 
proved, and  his  constitution  invigorated. 
To  this  circumstance  he  attributed  not  a 
little  his  prolonged  life,  and  adverted  to 
it  with  pleasure  in  advanced  age,  and  it 
caused  him  to  have  special  regard  for  that 
county. 

He  received  his  school  education  at 
Kempston  in  Bedfordshire,  and  when  of 
proper  age  was  a))prenticed  to  a  surgeon 
and  apothecary  at  Hay,  Brecknockshire. 
Having  served  the  term  of  his  apprentice- 
ship, he  became  a  pupil  of  the  celebrated 
John  Hunter,  when  his  talents  and  dili- 
gence were  such,  that  he  acquired  so  soon 
a  knowledge  of  liis  profession  that  he 
passed  as  full  surgeon  at  his  first  examina- 
tion, being  the  second  that  had  done  so. 

He  entered  into  the  King's  naval  service 
in  the  year  1780,  and  went  out  to  Canada 
as  surgeon's  mate  in  the  Danae  frigate  ; 
and  returned  to  England  surgeon  in  the 
Hind,  in  which  vessel  he  professionally 
visited  the  military  posts  of  Canada,  at 
lllauris,  Louguevil,  Montreal,  Quebec, 
•S:c.  ike,  and  returned  to  England  in  1782. 

He  entered  into  the  service  of  the  Elast 
India  Company  the  same  year,  and  went 
to  Calcutta,  with  the  artillery;  and  some 
years  afterwards  was  engaged  against  the 
Sikhs.  In  17 9C  he  was  Inspector  of  Hos- 
pitals in  Botany  Bay,  from  whence  be  went 
to  China,  Penang,  Madras,  and  Calcutta. 


Returning  home  on  leave  in  a  Danish 
vessel  in  1798,  he  was  captured  in  the 
channel  by  a  French  privateer,  and  brought 
to  Bordeaux,  where,  after  examination,  he 
was  liberated  ;  officers  removing  on  ac* 
count  of  their  health,  and  passengers,  not 
being  then  considered  prisoners  of  war. 

In  1800  he  married  Miss  Althea  Ed- 
wards, daughter  of  the  Rector  of  Cusop, 
near  Hay  aforesaid,  under  whose  care  he 
had  been  placed  when  a  boy,  and  who  had, 
during  that  time,  saved  him  from  being 
drowned.  He  returned  to  Calcutta  in 
1802,  and  became  superintending  sur- 
geon ;  and  at  Kalunga,  General  6illespie» 
who  is  commemorated  by  a  monument  in 
St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  died  in  his  arms. 
In  1812  he  was  in  the  Mauritius,  and 
subsequently  with  Sir  George  Nugent  at 
Calcutta,  where  he  visited  the  Meerut 
military  stations,  and  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Calcutta  Medical  Board. 

He  returned  to  England  in  1817,  where 
he  afterwards  continued  to  reside  during 
life.  Hospitable  and  liberal,  benevolent 
and  charitable,  affable  and  kind,  he  led  a, 
life  honourable  to  himself,  and  beneficial 
to  all  with  whom  he  had  intercourse.  His 
integrity  and  talents  were  so  highly 
thought  of,  that  several  important  trustee* 
ships  were  committed  to  his  care.  At  the 
time  of  his  decease  he  was  Father  of  the 
London  College  of  Surgeons,  and  attended 
to  nearly  the  end  of  his  prolonged  life 
their  meetings,  and  all  others  in  which  he 
had  any  interest,  or  to  which  he  belonged. 

Bowed  down  with  the  weight  of  years, 
he  was  seized  with  illness  about  a  month 
before  his  decease ;  from  which  time  he 
gradually  declined,  but  preserred  hit  mind 
and  memory  unclouded  to  within  twelve 
hours  of  his  departure ;  and  expired  in 
peace  on  the  13th  day  of  June,  1851| 
twenty-three  days  before  the  oompletioa 
of  his  91  St  year. 

His  funeral  took  place  on  the  succeed* 
ing  Friday,  when  he  was  buried  in  the 
catacombs  of  St.  Pancras^  church,  London, 
near  his  wife,  who  had  been  there  buried 
between  nine  and  ten  years  before,  she 
having  died  Sept.  13,  1841. 

Of  Mr.  Phillips*s  general  character,  be* 
nevolence,  on  a  very  extensive  scale,  con- 
sisting of  a  desire  to  do  all  the  good  in 
his  power,  for  the  spiritual  and  temporal 
welftire  of  mankind,  appears  to  be  the 
leading  trait.  When  aboard  the  Hindf 
the  vessel  having  so  many  sick  persona 
that  they  could  not  all  be  supplied  with 
berths,  he  gave  up  his  own  to  accom* 
modate  a  diseased  sailor.  His  donation! 
for  benevolent  and  charitable  purpoeea 
were  many  and  important,  and  his  London 
pensioners  numerous.  Of  his  relativee, 
some  he  educated  and  started  in  life,  and 


Obituary. — J~  T.  Smilheman  Edwardet,  Etq.  [Dec 


GA6 

to  otiwrg  he  wag  munificent,  it  not  bdng 
UQUKual  for  liim  to  eend  them  a  booV  in- 
closing a  100/.  bank  note.  Ooe  person 
lie  took  with  him  to  India  in  tbe  year 
1H02,  anil  act  him  U]>  in  buainess,  who 
after  being  tbero  lome  yeora,  finding  hii 
health  declining,  waa  about  to  return  to 
England,  and  haling  smcil  some  muuej, 
Mr.  Pliilli|is  added  to  it  tlie  like  sum, 
saying  tliat  it  was  In  enable  liim  to  live 
in  England  aa  an  Bast  Indian  Ought  to  do. 

lie  aent  reliijiouii  and  inatruetifa  booka 
(o  errry  rrnding,  literary,  and  leientific 
■nciety  that  applied  Tor  tbem.  To  the 
riiiloaopbical  and  litrrary  Sodely  at 
IlereCurd  lie  forwarded  books,  and  curioai- 
tiru  lor  ita  museum.  He  likenise  seat 
books  to  Hay  and  Duiltb,  and  to  various 
paMB  of  North  and  Sontb  Wales,  and  of 
scveTat  English  cunntiex,  as  veil  aa  to 
private  individuals,  fur  diitribution  in  their 
respective neiglibourhouds.  Hcwaa known 
by  several  London  bookKellera,  from  meet- 
ing liim  at  public  salea,  which  he  attended 
Tor  the  jiurpnae  of  buying  booka  to  give 
away.  And  at  tlie  time  of  hia  decease, 
Euvoral  of  tlie  apartments  of  hia  houae  had 
in  tliem  many  thousanda  of  volames 
plaved  in  liea|»i,  that  had  been  purchased 
fuT  Ihv  purpose  of  being  ao  distributed. 

llciiidi'a  die  duing  of  tlieae,  which  may 
be  ternieU  niinnr  benevolent  acts,  Mr. 
rhilli|>i  hud  comprcliciiaivc  ideas  witli  re- 
gard to  the  brnt'lit  of  future  generations. 
Some  tell  or  twelve  yc^rs  ago,  be  founded 
at  St.  David's  rollcgv,  at  Lampeter,  ill 
the  county  of  Cardigan,  six  teholariliips, 
eacli  of  21/.  a-ycnr,  to  assist  young  men 
in  olitaiiiing  a  sujii'rior  edueation;  and  guve 
3O,0UII  Tolamea  of  houks  to  the  library 
and  loriiina  curioailies  to  tlie  muaenm ; 
the  carriage  uf  vrlileh  fntia  London  to  tlic 
college  he  pnid,  aniounting  to  200/.  Also 
he  founded,  in  11147.  the  \ia\t\i  Educa- 
tional Inatitution  at  Llandovery,  in  the 
county  uf  (Jnrmartlien,  with  an  cudomnr lit 
of  I'lU/.  a-ycar,  for  giving  a  superior  edii- 
catiun  to  tucnty  young  persons  free  of 
cliiii^j  with  the  intimation,  however,  of 
an  exprctuliiin  that  a  aulluble  building 
would  be  rneted  fur  its  use,  which  has 
been  nince  appropriately  done  by  publie 
aubsi-riplion.  Ue  alao  gave  TgOOO  volumes 
to  the  liliran  uf  this  institution. 

Coniivelnl  with  lliese  muiiificcjit  dona- 
tions during  liia  Ufelime,  he  betjncathed 
in  bis  will  to  St.  Uavid's  collctje  aforesaid 
property  amounting  in  value  to  about 
G.OOO/.  and  to  the  said  institution  at  Llan- 
dovery, pr«[iiTty  iimonnting  to  about 
i>i|Hesta  are  for  the 


gwiK'V. 


t  of  p 


II  ch>'n 


•try, 


ny  iu  eaub  uf  tbo; 
>  alio  bK"--«th«d  1,000/. 
3  per  ~"'*    ''oDsoU  to  '   agll«t« 


Oxford,  and  the  like  aQm  to  Joau  oollc 
in  the  same  nniveraity,  towarda  t 
foundatioa  of  a  scholaiafaip  in  udi 
them,  to  be  Bonfined  to  the  pDpila  of  t 
inititntion  at  Llandnvei?. 

With  respect  to  bis  benevolent  and  in 
niliccnt  acta,  the  venerable  donor  dialiki 
macli  to  hear  them  talked  at\  and  whr 
Onee  adverted  to  in  hia  heuHog,  he  aa 
that  he  had  never  given  but  one  preae 
worth  taikiug  of;  and  that  waa,  wh 
under  a  tropical  inn,  and  the  Teasel  awu 
becalmed,  he  shsTed  hia  laat  pint  of  wat 
with  a  dying  seaman. 

There  is  a  marble  bust  repreaentinf  tl 
venerable  gentleman  at  the  college  i 
Lampeter,  made  at  the  expense  of  M 
Bowen  of  Pembrokeshire,  and  a  portia 
of  him  has  been  painted  bj  Mr.  Moaals 
'    jniblic  subiicr   ''       ■■-.--- 

Llandovery. 

J.  T,  Smith  KHAN  EBirABDsa,  Baa. 

Oct.  99.  At  bii  Rsitlenee,  Qoan 
Place,  Shrewabury,  after  a  taw  days  il 
nesa,  aged  49,  John  Thomas  Smilbama 
Edwardea,  esq. 

Tbia  gentlemim  was  deseended  fmm  a 
ancient  and  respeetable  Shropabtra  (kailj 
Hugh  Edwardea  being  ^atjaniifred  a 
having  solicited  and  snecaedad  in  obtain 
ing  from  King  Edward  the  Sixth,  to  tb 
year  11J51,  a  grant  for  the  bnndaUon  of  U 
Koyal  Free  Grammar  School  In  Sbrcm 


IH:te),  by  Catherine,  daughter  of  Job 
Smitheman,  esq.  of  Watt  Coppioe,  in  tk 
county  of  Salop. 

Mr.  Edwardea  was  elected  an  alderml 
of  the  corporation  of  Shirwabnry  in  IH 
and  to  tlie  office  of  mayor  in  Hiat  town  i 
IH4:i.  He  was  also  a  tniitee  of  Shrmn 
bury  School.  Hii  purity  and  intesrit] 
his  mild  and  truly  christian  diapoailioi 
nnd  the  eiempiary  manner  in  which  1 
dirohargcd  every  matter  of  bnainea,  gainc 
him  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him,  o 
|>ecial1y  in  his  eierciae  of  the  oaeroi 
duties  of  a  niagiitrate  for  Iha  oonatr  i 
Salop  ;  and  in  Ibis  respect  bia  lost  wUl  I 
deeply  felt  and  deplored. 

Hia  remains  were  interred  in  tbe  famil 
vault  in  the  cemetery  attached  to  S 
Chad's  Church,  Shrewabury.         H.  P. 

COUHODOBK  J.  C.  HAWKINa. 

Aug.  25.  At  Bombay,  aged  53,  Captal 

John  Croft  Hswkioa,  a  ComaaodorB  i 
:laaa,  Aasiatant  °-| — Intnniliiwl 


acended  from  the  celebrated  Adnlinl  81 


1851.] 


Obitua  by. — C'liin 


•idure  J.  C.  Bawkim. 


657 


Jolin  Hawki;  i,  of  the  age  of  ElizabcDi. 
Htstnotbernss  the  only  daughter  of  Joha 
Cailand.  esq.  formerly  of  the  civil  Krvicp, 
and  n  Member  of  Conaeil  at  Madras. 

AC  the  Bge  of  thirteen  Le  left  Midhurst 
Bchool,iii  Susaei,  to  enter  the  Royal  Navy, 
having  heen  appointed  to  an  old  seventy- 
four,  we  think  the  Duncan.  The  ship 
nerer  left  the  Channel  during  the  winter, 
and  early  in  the  spring  the  typhui.  I'eier 
broke  out  in  her,  and  of  lo  malignant  and 
faUl  a  kind  that  out  of  tsenty-thtcc  in- 
fected with  it  Croft  Hawkins  and  one 
other  alone  eecaped  vith  their  lives.  la 
his  own  case  the  delirium  lasted  for  forty 
days,  during  which  he  nas  in  Haslar  hai-- 
pital.  It  was  many  months  before  lu  lind 
finally   recoTEred,   and   at   that   tim?    hij 

him  from  returning  to  the  sea- 
Soon  after  his  recovery  he  was  adbiitled, 
in  1B12,  through  the  interest  of  Sir  Evan 
Nepean,  to  the  marine  serTice  of  the  Hon. 
Che  East  Iiidin  Company,  in  which,  nith 
brief  intervola  of  repoae,  he  wai  ever  after 
actively  engaged. 

In  ime,  when  serving  in  the  Am  orH  in 
the  Persian  Gulph,  be  took  part  in  an 
action  with  thirteen  piratical  leesek  ;  and 
in  IHIB  in  another  with  three  other  such 
vessels  on  the  coast  of  Gandel.  In  IflS 
he  was  employed  in  the  gun-boats  and 
batterlrx  at  (lie  reduction  of  Has  al  Khyma. 
and  in  1821  he  served  with  the  land  force 
at  the  reduction  of  Ileni  Boo  Alec.  In 
\fi'li  he  was  employed  on  a  survey  uf  the 
straits  of  Dryon,  leading  into  the  atraiu 
of  Sincajiore  and  Mslecca,  and  reeetved 
the  thanks  of  the  Peiung  government. 
He  obtained  his  lieotenancy  May  £3, 
1824.  In  I82<),  while  at  Muscat,  he  took 
an  active  part  in  saving  the  city  from  hrc, 
and  was  in  acknowledgment  thereof  pre- 
sented wiib  a  sword  by  bis  highneat  the 
Immiin.  In  1839  lie  received  the  thanks 
ot  the  liunibay  government  for  having  re- 
cavercil  from  Arobpirates  two  ships,  of  the 
value  of  siitecn  lacs  of  rupees,  bel<jnging 

been  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Atabin.  He 
was  promoted  to  be  Commander  on  tiic 
2Ut  May,  1H31.  In  1832  he  wat  <:m- 
ployed  by  the  President  ot  the  Boii.d  of 
Control  to  carry  overland  despalcliL-s  to 
India  on  the  prospect  of  a  Dutch  war; 
which  be  accompllBhed  in  the  depth  of 
winter  by  way  of  Vienna,  Constantuioplc, 
Tabriz,  Tehran,  Sbiiaz,  and  Bnahirc,  sur- 
mounting many  difficulties,  and  his  I  irvice 
was  acknowledged  by  the  CommiaSKjiiers 
for  tlie  Affairs  of  India, 

In  m34  the  clipper  Sylph  of  Cikutta 
was  wrecked  at  the  entrance  of  the  China 
seas,  having  on  board  a  cargo  of  opuim. 
valued  at  130,000/.  sterling,  and  a  crew  of 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


sixty  men.  Captain  Hawkins,  then  com- 
manding the  Hon.  Compajiy'a  ship  Clive, 
with  great  peril  reached  her,  after  having 
been  himself  in  the  water  for  three  hours, 
alternately  swimming  and  clinging  to  his 
boat,  one  of  the  crew  of  which  was  drowned; 
and  after  a  most  horordous  and  fatiguing 
duty  of  seven  days,  he  ultimately  suc- 
ceeded in  saving  the  whole  of  the  crew 
and  cargo  ;  for  which  he  received  the 
ipreme  government,  the 


bay  gotei 


iDd  the 


of  Malacca.  By  order  of  the 
supreme  government  his  right  lo  salvage 
was  waived,  but  the  pBrties  assigned  the 
sum  of  8,000/.  in  lien  Ihereof,  and  after- 
wards presented  Captain  Hawkins  with  a 
gratuity  of  1,500/.  for  hie  personal  risk 


In  ie38  Captain  Hawkins  was  em 
ployed  in  a  survey  of  the  Euphrates ;  and 
upon  that  service  reached  Hit,  500  milea 
from  BusBorah.  His  report  to  Rear-Adm. 
Sir  Charles  Malcolm  upon  this  survey  re- 
ceived, Ihrougb  the  Qomhay  goveromenE, 
the  approbation  of  the  Secret  Committee 
oF  (he  Court  of  Directors. 


Hen 


irneJ  tc 


.   England   0 


sick  certificate. 


In   184G  be  made  a  cmiie  round  ths 
Persian  Gulf,  where  he  accomplished  an 
imposing  bdiI  elFeclusI  demonstration  be. 
fore  (lie  strong-hold  of  a  piratical  chief 
named  the  Shaikh  Hammeid  bin  Mogad- 
del,  by  which  the  barbBrian's  confidence 
in   (he   presumed    inaceestihility    of    hii 
coast  was  rffectnally  destroyed ;    and  ia 
the  same  year,  by  aaotbet  act  of  personal   I 
during,  he  assisted  in  eitricating  from  the   ] 
perils  of  a  cornl-reef  II.  M.  ship  Fox,  oa  I 
board  which  was   Commodore  Sir  Henry   ' 
Blackwood,    then   snlfering  from  illness. 
The  difficulty  of  getting  that  vessel  off 
the  reef  was  mneb  increased  by  the  grap- 
nel   having   become   detached   from    tha 
chain  ;  upon  uuderatandiag  which  C 
modoni  Hawkins  instantly  jumped  o 
board,  dived,  and  succeeded  in  again  SiJBf  1 
it  i    when  the  united  crews  were  set  t»  | 
work  to  htavc  her  round.  ^ 

Captain  Hawkins  wds  Commodore  of   , 
the   Persian    Gulf    squadron    when    tha 
death  of  Sir  Robert  Oliver,  in  Aug.  \M%, 
made  him  for  a  time  Acting  Superinten- 
dent and  Commander   in   Chief  of  tb* 
Indian  Navy,  an  office  he  continued  ta   ] 
hold  until  relieved  by  Commodore  Luifa-    f 
ingtnn  in  Feb.  1849.      He  tilled  it  at  a  I 
period  of  the  highest  reiponsibililj,  and   ] 
the  equipment  o?  a  flotilla  despatched  la 
Moultan   under  his   BUpcrinlendence  re- 
ceived not  only  the  wannest  commenJo- 
tion  from  the  local  government  Id  Indw, 


656 


OBiTUABY^fles.  CharUt  G%t»U^,  DJ>. 


but  slio  Ibe  thanks  of  tl 


li  Fvlio-  them  od  >  finiUlir  footing,  ud  ablalM 

imuid  he  a  more  intimati  kaowladge  erf  tha  CUh 

endeared    hiiiiaelf  to    the   service  bj  hit  than  ui;  other  Earopci*.      On  the  4m 

kindness  end  the  consideration  of  liis  de-  o(  the  elder  MoniMm,  bi  18S4,  Mr.  OW 

meanor  towards  everr  one,  hy  hie  anxietj  \tS  wai  nit«g«d  br  tb«  BrItIA  Sopctl 

to  eialt  thciuuiotsortheuaTjand  embne  tendencj  u  in  iDterpretcr,  tnd   M  ■ 

tbem  with   n  becoming  self-regpect,  b;     employod  in  tint  cnidtf '' — ' *- 

tiie  fairness  of  (he  administration  of  hii  He  afterward!  neored  tl 

patronage,  and  the  liberalitf  of  his  lioipl-  of  Chlnew  Seentarj  to  tfae  I 

taJitics.  Dipotentiary  and  Si^^Btendentof  1^ 

After  haring  braved  so  many  personal  in  whteh  office  he  died.     In  the  ca« 

ilaiigFra,    Caiitain   Hawkins    was   Hnally  of  last  year  bemadeaTirit  tothlict 

cut  off  by  a  sudden  and  lamentable  death,     and  hia  ajipe ** — 

He  had  diued  with  tvo  friends  in  appa- 


e  BriUah  t 


H  is  researches  into  tlie  H  iatory  of  Ch 
have  been  published  Id  Tarloaa  Ibnu^ ' 
title)  of  some  of  which  are  ■•  follow  t- 
the  VisiGUUiite^B  Falkland  at  Pare'll.     On  The  Journal  of  two  Vojagea  bIo^ 

his  retnrn,  he  lirought  Major  French  back  coast  of  China  in  1831  and  1832,  « 
to  his  rciiidcnce  an  the  Esplanade,  and  notices  of  Siam,  Corea,  and  Loo  Cboo 
then  proceeded  alone  towards  bis  own  lands.  New  York,  1833.  Bto. 
bouse  in  Colaba.  His  body  wss  found  Journal  of  three  Voyagn  along  the  ee 
lifticss  underneath  hia  curricle,  which  had  of  Ckiina,  1 B31 ,  2,  and  3  ;  within  lot 
I   orcrthron-n  bf  the  horses  running     ductory   Essay  by  the    Re*. 


against  a  hank  some  tliree  hundred 
outofhisway.  It  is  supposed  tbst' a 
of  npojib-xy,  to  wliich  be  had  before  bei 
Eubjvcted,  had  suddenly  rendered  hi 
unfit  to  guide  th 
\V    '■       • 

the 

uavnl  services,  and  the  mcmbera  'of  tt 
legal  and  mercantile  communities  then  i 
the  I'residcncy,  and  by  a  large  concoari 
of  mititcs;  the  Ven.  the  Arcbdeaeo 
perfonniiiB  tlie  prescribed  services.  H 
lirotlier.  Major  Hawkins,  of  the  Hlh  Natii 
Inrantry,  was  the  chief  inoumer,  A  publi 
KuhscriplionVfas  immediately  B" 
for  a  monument  to  bis  memory. 


foot 


rw.  V.U. 

A"!/.  6.  At  Victoria,  Hong  Kong, 
ni-eil  -18,  the  Rev.  Cliarles  GntrfafT,  D.D. 
Chinese  Secretary  to  the  Hoog  Kong  Go- 
Ternmrnt,  and  also  to  hia  Eicellency  the 
Plenipnientinry  and  Sajierintendent  of 
Uriti:.li  Trade  in  China. 

Dr.  Gudlaffwas  by  blrtli  a  Pomeranian, 
lie  was  sent  to  IheEast  by  the  fsetherlands 
Missionary  Society  in  IH'.>7i  and.  atler 
ipendiug  four  years  in  Batavia,  Singapore, 
and  Siam,  he  came  to  Chins  in  1S3I. 
Beingof  an  adventurous  disposition,  with- 
in that  and  the  iieit  two  yean  he  made 
thric  voyages  along  the  coast  of  China, 
thrn  roni|inrativcly  unknow-n.  His  jour- 
nals of  tlitscToyaees  were  afterwards  pnb- 
lishi-d.  Disregarding  ail  the  Iniuries  and 
comforts   of  civilised    life,    * 


London,  1634, ISmo. 3rd  Edit.  IMO.i 
A  Sketch   of  Chinese  Hiatorr,  and 

and  modem.   London,  1S34.  B*o.  X  fi 
China  opened;  or,*  diipt^  of  the  Toi 

graphy,  History,  ta.  of  tha  ChfoMo  B 

pire :  revised  hy  Andrew  Bad.   Londi 

ISliS, -2to1b.  lemo. 
In  addition  to  tbHe,  Memoln  of  < 

Ute  Emperor  of  China,  and  the  CodiI 

Pekin,    are   now   BnnooDEcd  for  pvbll 

The  "  Overland  Friend  of  CUna," 
lamenting  the  losaof  Dr.  (jntilaff,rema 
that  he  was  "  generally  Imown  thra^ 
out  the  world  aa  the  indehtlgable  i 
nealous  dissemlaator  of  Cfarlitian  kw 
ledge  among  the  inhabitanta  of  the  gi 
heathen  nation  with  whom  he  had  W 
0  lengthened  intercoone.  Poneaacd 
a  highly  sanguine  disposition,  hia  ev 
leisure  moment  wai  given  to  the  worl 
which  he  was  heart  and  soul  ongaged. 
wasted  but  little  time  in  compondci 
on  subjects  having  relation  to  thinga  n 
which  denizens  of  the  world  an  n>on 
less  obliged  to  deal ;— be  paid  aodal  ri 
to  but  few.    The  dawn  of  da;  fonnd  I 


study,  t 


eameit  fn  pr^er  ■ 
ts  ha  had  drnra  ata 


the  Chini 

him,    Thehoun  in  wbich  It  w 

sary  for  him  lo  attend  the  QatanB 
offices  being  concluded,  with  hard)*  ■  ■ 
mi^nt's  rest  hia  remaining  BDerim  a 
immediately  bent  to  the  aU-glorioM  « 
of  spreading  Christian  TVnth." 

In   a  srnnon   delivered    hj  tho   I 
E.  T.  R.  Moncrieff,  LL.D.  at  St  Jol 


to  Eur 


's  formerly  unknown     csthedral,  Victoria,  tba  p 


1851.] 


Obituary. — Bev.  James  Crabh. 


659 


Nothing  could  or  did  suffice  to  ruffle  it  ; 
whoever  violated  this  grace,  he  would  not. 
His  constant  habit  of  prayer,  in  health 
and  in  sickness,  was  another  very  remark- 
able feature  in  his  chf^racter.  He  never 
expected  to  convert  the  heathen — he  ex- 
pected God  to  do  it  in  answer  to  prayer, 
and  therefore  when  his  people  stumbled 
(and  we  know  the  early  Christians  stum- 
bled also)  he  thought  it  rather  a  cause  for 
increased  prayer  on  their  behalf,  than  for 
resentment  at  the  fruits  of  the  corruption 
of  their  nature.  And  we  must  not  omit 
to  mention  and  thank  God  for  his  most 
extraordinary  willingness  to  labour  him- 
self:  he  even  expressed  a  wish  to  die  at 
missionary  work.  He  taught  three  classes 
of  Chinese  converts  daily,  besides  preach- 
ing out  of  doors  himself,  and  ail  this  after 
the  labours  of  his  official  duties,  totally 
unrewarded  except  by  the  peace  resulting 
in  his  own  heart  and  his  happiness  in  the 
good  work ;  and  largely  and  liberally  did 
he  contribute  of  his  own  substance  to  the 
same  cause.  When  losses  came,  *  God's 
work  must  not  suffer,'  he  said  ;  ^  when 
all  extraneous  funds  failed,  his  own  purse 
supplied  all  defects  ;  and  1  am  authorised 
in  saying  that  he  had  formed  a  plan  which 
soon  would  have  been  accomplished,  to 
discontinue  his  connexion  with  all  secular 
work,  and  at  his  own  expense  to  spend 
and  be  spent  in  the  Lord's  work.  The 
plan  on  which  be  acted  appears  of  unques- 
tionable wisdom,  to  make  converted  heathen 
teach  their  own  countrymen.  The  details 
of  his  system  may  admit  of  debate,  but 
the  general  principle  cannot.  His  chief 
error  appears  to  have  been  that  one  with 
which  every  minister  of  the  Gospel  must 
surely  sympathise — hoping  too  well — be- 
lieving too  muoh  of  his  people;  and  this 
must  be  said,  that,  whatever  was  his  suc- 
cess, the  attempt  which  he  made  and  car- 
ried out  till  his  death  was  the  most  gigantic 
ever  yet  made  to  evangelize  en  matte  a 
great  nation." 

Dr.  Gutzlaff  had  suffered  for  more  than 
a  fortnight  from  rheumatic  gout,  which, 
ultimately  affecting  his  kidneys,  produced 
general  dropsy.  His  burial  in  the  Wong- 
nei-chung  was  attended  by  his  Excellency 
the  Governor,  and  the  Hon.  Mr.  David 
Jardine,  as  chief  mourners  ;  the  Hon.  the 
Lieut. -Governor,  the  Hon.  the  Secretary 
to  the  Plenipotentiary,  the  Colonial  Secre- 
tary, and  all  the  principal  government 
functionaries  who  were  able  to  attend 
(Chief  Jubtice  Hulme  and  others  being 
disabled  by  sickness).  At  the  close  of  the 
English  Service,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Genaehr, 
of  the  Rhenish  Missionary  Society,  de- 
livered an  address  to  the  large  body  of 
Chinese  who  were  present ;  the  whole  ser- 
vice concluding  with  the  performance  of 


an  anthem  by  a  party  of  Chinese  youth, 
who,  for  some  time,  have  been  under  Mr. 
Genaehr' s  tuition. 


Rev.  Jambs  Crabb. 

Sept.  17.  At  Spring  Hill  House, 
Southampton,  aged  77,  the  Rev.  James 
Crabb. 

He  was  a  native  of  Wilton,  where  his 
father  was  a  cloth  manufacturer,  and  he 
travelled  in  that  business  for  two  years. 
He  then  settled  at  Romsey,  where  he  kept 
a  school,  and  married  Miss  Radden,  a 
pious  person,  and  whose  disposition  second- 
ed his  wishes  to  devote  himself  as  much 
as  possible  to  the  spiritual  good  of  his 
fellow-creatures.  He  used  to  walk  from 
Romsey  to  Southampton  and  back  in  the 
evening,  preaching  and  praying  among 
those  who  were  too  wretched  in  appear- 
ance to  go  to  church  or  chapel.  Gradu- 
ally he  began  to  have  stated  Sunday 
services  at  the  Long  Rooms,  and  became 
a  preacher  of  the  Wesleyan  connection, 
but,  not  liking  their  plan  of  sending  their 
ministers  to  other  places,  he  continued  to 
perform  service  as  in  the  Wesleyan  chapels, 
but  acting  independently  of  the  connection. 
He  commenced  the  building  of  Sion 
Chapel  on  Lansdowne-hill,  Southampton, 
with  a  100/.  in  his  pocket,  and  when  it 
was  finished  there  was  a  debt  of  800/.  on 
it.  By  dint  of  great  exertions  and 
personal  sacrifices  he  succeeded,  aided  by 
the  leading  members  of  his  congregation, 
in  paying  off  the  entire  sum,  but  for  twenty 
years  he  never  received  any  payment  or 
income  from  it,  living  by  the  income  of 
his  school  at  Spring  Hill,  which  became 
and  is  now,  under  the  management  of  his 
eldest  sou,  one  of  the  first  in  the  county. 
Besides  this  great  work,  he  may  be  said 
to  have  originated,  if  not  founded,  the 
Hants  Female  Penitentiary.  The  infant 
day-schools  at  Kingsland  Place,  founded 
by  him,  were  the  first  of  that  description 
established  in  the  county. 

His  exertions  on  behalf  of  the  Gipsy 
race  are  well  known.  He  was  the  first 
to  call  public  attention  to  the  spiritual 
destitution  of  these  people,  and  com- 
menced an  institution  in  Southampton 
which  has  now  grown  into  fruition  in 
Dorset  under  the  management  of  ministers 
of  the  established  church.  It  was  owing 
to  his  exertions  that  the  Gipsy  school  was 
established  at  Farnham  in  Surrey. 

Mr.  Crabb  published  a  book  entitled 
**The  Gipsies*  Advocate."  He  also  wrote 
"  An  Address  to  the  Irvingites,  in  which 
their  errors  are  exposed,''  1836.  12mo. ; 
**  Anne  Thring,  the  Penitent  Magdalene. 
"  An  Account  of  the  Life  and  Experience 
of  Captain  John  Bazin,  1838."  12mo.  and 
several  smaller  tracts. 


»i 


Obituary. — Samuel  Beazley,  Etq. 


[De 


Once  every  rear  he  used  Co  aisemble         In  the  earlf  put  ofhi*  life,  the  mbj 
tlie   Gipsy  race  from  the  New  Forest  Knd      of  thia  notice  uned  u  ■  TolnntMr  in 


ligioua  instruction  to  them,  to  tempt  the 

and  to  gi»e  them  food  and  ciothing. 
Theie  Gipaj  festiTBls.as  they  were  termed, 
were  attended  by  the  neighbouring  no- 
bility and  gentry,  partly  to  exercise 
charity  and  partly  from  curiosity,  to  see 
a  race  singular  for  theirerrxtic  habits  and 
wandering  life,  and  remarkable  for  the 
physical  comeliness  and  beauty  which 
some  of  them  display. 

Mr.  Crabb's  labours  among  the  poor 
of  Sauthampton  were  incessant— continu- 
ally being  called  np  at  all  hours  of  the 
night  to  visit  the  sick  and  dying.  He 
was  the  "  missionary  "  referred  to  ia  the 
RcT.  Leigh  Richmond's  "  Dairymsu's 
Daughter  "  as  having  first  awoke  her  to  a 
sense  of  religion.  She  was  then  in  ser- 
vice at  SanthainpCon.  At  her  death  she  Greti 
left  him  a  guinea,  with  which  he  bought  a  Five 
seal  in  remembrance  of  lier,  and  wore  it 
constantly.     He  originated  the  "  Bethel," 

children,    near   the    Quay,    and   used    to 


s  seized  with  paralyitit  three  oi 


s  ago,  I 


ougb  h 


jmrtially 


e  should 


I  few  friends  hauing 
originated  a  aubEcrijition  for  it  unltuown 
to  bis  family,  the  Company  presented  it  to 
him.  He  was  a  man  of  lUc  most  temper- 
ate and  active  habits.  He  has  been 
called  ilhterate :  this  waa  far  from  being 
(he  case,  hut  he  |>urpo3ely  used  the  plain- 
est language  to  adapt  himself  to  the  com- 
prehension of  his  humble  hearers.  In 
the  society  of  persons  of  station  (and  hi* 
character  anil  deeds  brought  htm  into 
contact  with  many  distinguuhed  indi. 
Tiduuls),  he  exhibited  the  manner!  and 
education  of  those  around  him.  He  died 
uuiveraally  eateemeil,  never  having  lost  a 
friend  or  made  an  enemy.  He  wsa  borne 
to  his  giavc  in  the  Southampton  Cemetery 
by  six  sailors,  and  not  (be  least  sincere  of 
his  mourners  were  many  aged  Gipsies, 
who  followed  to  his  last  resting-place  one 
who  was  ]TU|mlBrly  known  bj  the  title  of 
The  Gipsy's  Friend. 

Saui.hl  Bkazlkv,  Esa. 

Ocl.  [2.  At  Tnnbridge  Castle,  in  his 
66tb  year,  Samuel  Beailoy,  esq.  Architect. 

Mr.  Ueazlcy  was  born  at  Whitehall,  in 
the  city  «f  Westminster,  in  17BG.  His 
lather,  Mr.  ClniHi-s  Benzley,  was  a  inr- 
vernr,  and  died  iit  Ilampstcad,  Jan.  C, 
IHe;if««  <)eiit.  M.n;.  vol,  xcix.  i.  !«). 


Peninsula,  where  hit  adTentnrei  were  i 
very  singular  character.  On  oua  oc 
sion  he  awoke  and  fonnd  himaelf  in 
dead-house  at  Usbon,  laid  mit  for  bai 
To  facilitate  the  escape  of  the  Dnol 
d'Angoulfme  he  iraa  aizt;  honis  ia 
saddle,  and  crossed  the  Pyrencca  at 
head  of  her  horses,  with  aometitnem  a  t 
onet  at  his  breast.  From  hia  cliililh 
his  tastes  were  dramatic  and  utii 
When  only  twelve  years  old,  and 
school  at  Acton,  he  wrote  a  farce, 
put  together  the  theatre  ia  whiuh  it 
acted.  Since  then  he  haa  writtea  or 
ranged  more  tlian  a  hundred  dram 
pieces,  two  novels — "  The  Oxoniai 
and  "  The  Rout  " — and  a  large  dqb 
of  detached  articles.  Amoogit  the  dra 
may  be  mentioned.  Is  he  Jeaioat  (for 
introduction  of  the  late  Mr.  Wron 
Green,  The  Boarding  Honie, 
nve  tionrs  at  Brighton, — the  first  of 
pieces  that  was  publicly  perfaimed 
1811),  The  Steward,  Old  Customs, 
Lottery  Ticket,  My  Uncle,  Batcbel 
Wives,  Hints  to  Haibandi,  Fire 
Water,  and  The  Bull's  Head;  also 
Englisli  words  for  the  Oprrat  of  Ral 
the  Devil,  The  Queen  of  Cypraa,  i 
Somonmbula.  The  last  wu  written  moi 
by  the  bedside  of  Madame  MaUbran, 
the  mornings,  to  adapt  the  worda  to 
pronuDciHtion. 

As  an  architect,  also,  Mr.  Beail 
practice  has  been  cooaidenble  in  coni 
tion  with  the  stage,  having  bailt  b 
theatres  probably  than  any  other  nio( 

Sraetitioner.  Amongst  them  on  the 
ames's  Theatre,  the  Lyceum,  the  I 
of  London,  the  Birmingham,  and  tw 
Dublin.  He  gave  drawings  also  Ibr 
in  the  Brazils  (similar  to  St.  Jamat 
and  one  in  Belgium — ^thirteen  or  rimrl 
in  all.  The  interior  of  Dnii?  I^ne  1 
atre.  the  external  colonnade  there, 
the  Strand  front  of  the  AdelpU  Tbaa 
are  also  by  him.  His  other  work*  % 
numerous,  and  include  Stadlef  Cm 
the  seat  of  Sir  Francis  Goodricke ;  •  os 
in  Inverness  ;  some  addition*  U>  the  \ 
versity  of  Boon  ;  the  work*  on  the  8w 
Eastern  Railway,  etpecialljr  at  Loa 
Bridge;  the  Warden's  Hotel  andtbel 
House  at  Dover;  the  station*  ob 
North  Kent  line ;  and  the  Dew  lowi 
Ashford. 

The  amiability  of  Hr.  Beuin  enda 
him  to  all  who  knew  him,  and  his  inda 
must  have  been  great,  notwithatandii 
mode  of  life  which  led  many  to  rcj 
him  simply  as  a  man  of  pleasure. 
conversation  he  was  lingnlarly  sparl 
anil  amnsing  j  his  wit  waa  both  ready 


1851.]  Mr.  G.  Stephen,,.— li^v.  John  Radford,  D.D. 

refined  j  and  bis  puns  came  in  a  continiml     altaclied  to  ! 


661 


On  tbe  dsy  bePore  \»b  death  be  hsd  at- 
landed  a  tneetini;  of  the  Conimittee  at 
Renters  at  Drury  Lsne  Theatre,  ojipa- 
rentlj  hi  the  enjoyment  of  good  lieallli 
aod  ipiiits.  After  tbe  meeting  he  went 
to  hia  country  residence,  Toabridgo  Castle, 
Kent,  and  on  the  following  morning  was 
seiied  with  an  spoplectlc  fit,  from  which 
he  ncTer  recorettd.     He 


The  Builder. 

Mr,  GsOaciE  Stephens. 

Ocl.  lb.  Id  Pratl-terrace.  Camden- 
town,  aged  51,  Mr.  George  Stepbenj,  the 
author  of  Martin  uizi. 

This  gentleman  was  bora  at  Chelsea  on 
the  8th  March,  1800.  His  tragedy  of 
"Martinuzzi;  or,Tlie  lIungariRn  Daagb- 
ter,"  was  performed  at  the  Lycenm  The- 
atre in  tbe  year  I8i0,  in  defiance— or, 
we  shonld  rather  saj,  in  eTasion — of  the 
then  Biisting  Ian  which  limited  the  per- 
formance of  five-act  dramas  to  the  patent 
houses  and  the  Haymarket.  By  tbe  in- 
troduction of  songs,  "  Mattiaum"  wna, 
legally  speaking,  converted  into  a  musical 
drama  ;  and  thus  escaped  the  prohibition 
affecting  a  formal  tragedy, — which,  of 
conrse,  it  lirtually  remalaed.  In  many 
respects  the  work  was  open  lo  etcention. 
Tbe  plot  and  the  niotites  of  its  agents 
were  obscure,  and  the  language  was  often 
abrupt  and  eitravngant.  But  these  fanlts 
admitted,  there  nere  featnres  in  "  Marti- 
nnzii"  which  andoubtedly  beapoke  tragii- 

Besides  "  Martmnzzi,"  Mr.  Stephens 
was  the  author  of— 'ITie  Vampire,  a  tra- 
gedy, 1H21  ;  Montezuma,  a  tragedy,  and 
Poems,  1822;  The  MSS.  of  Erdely,  3rolB. 
1B36  ;  The  Voice  of  the  Pulpit  (sermona}, 
1B39;  Gertrude  and  Beatrice,  a  tragedy, 
llj.iS  :  the  Introduction  to  the  Chureh  of 
England  Quarterly  Review,  and  subse- 
quent  articles  therein  ;  Pere  La  Chai>o, 
3  vols.  1838;  Dramas  forthe  Stage,  2  vols, 
privately  printed  in  ISIS  ;  The  Patriot,  a 
tragedy,  1849  ;  The  Justification  of  War 
as  the  medium  of  Citjliiotion,  l3mo.  18S0. 

■'  The  Manns,  ripls  of  Erdely  "  was 
a  worli  which,  iii  addition  to  ito  ima- 
ginative qualities,  disployed  great  erudi- 
tion, and  received  much  critical  discusaion 
at  the  time  otita  appcaraoce. 

Mr.  Stephens  had  suffered  years  before 
his  deatb  from  deeliniog  health,  and  from 
uneipected  reverses  of  fortune.  These 
"  painful  passages  "  were,  we  trust,  not 
altogether  unmitigated  b;  tbe  ejmpalhj  of 
bis  literary  brethiren.     Mr.   Stepbena  had 


attached  to  him  some  who  cDUld  recogiuie 
not  only  the  genius  whose  chief  defect  lay 
in  the  lawlessness  of  its  own  itrength,  but 
also  the  simplicity,  honour,  and  warmth 
of  natnre  wbich  fitly  accompanied  an 
intellect  so  earnest  and  iiii passioned. 

Mr.  Stephens  bas  left  a  widow  and  two 
children,  a  bod  aud  a  daughter. 


Rev.  John  Raofokd,  D.D. 

Ocl.  21.  At  his  lodgings,  at  Lincoln 
college,  Oxford,  the  Rer.  John  Radford, 
D.D.  Reotor  of  that  college,  aod  (by  virtae 
of  his  office)  Rector  of  Twytord,  Bucka, 
and  one  of  the  trUHleos  of  Lord  Crowe. 

Dr.  Radford  was  the  son  of  the  Rav. 
Thomas  Radford,  minister  of  St.  Jamsa'^  ] 
AlIerclilTe,  in  tbe  parish  of  Sheffield,  c 
York,  where  be  was  bom  in  1782.  He 
was  educated  at  King  Edward's  School, 
Birmingham,  and  thence  came  in  1300  to 
Lincoln  college,  of  which  society  he  mc- 
cessively  beoame  Scholar,  Fellow,  Tator, 
and  Rector,  sncceediug  in  the  last  ofBce 
the  well  known  Dr.  Tatbaai,  author  of 
The  Chart  and  Scale  of  Truth.  He  took 
tbe  degree  of  B.A.  in  IS04,  that  of  M.A. 
18UT  ;  became  U.D.  1«15,  and  D.D.  1834, 
upon  his  election  to  the  reotorship  of  Lin- 
coln college. 

For  many  years  Dr.  Radford  resided 
entirely  in  Oxford,  and  at  his  house  at 
Combe  ;  bat  since  the  death  of  his  wife 
(Miss  Stockford)  he  bsi  lived  in  great 
retirement.  This  was  much  regretted  by 
all  who  had  formerly  enjoyed  his  society, 
for  bis  disposition  was  naturally  aooiti, 
and  his  couversation  polished,  agreeable,> 
and  Instructive.  He  waj*  too  a  very  kittd-^  ] 
hearted  and  benevolent  man,  ever  alive  W 
the  distresses  of  others,  and  adding,  t( 
more  substantial  relief,  whatever  oniuoUa  ] 
tlon  and  sympathy  could  supply. 
men  were  more  esteemed,  or  will  be  roofa  | 
regretted,  by  those  who  really  knew  him,  { 
than  tbe  late  Rector  of  Lincoln.  Of, 
Radford  printed  for  his  friends,  but  WB 
believe  never  published. — 

1.  A  Chriilmas  Day  Sermon,  preached 
at  Sheffield. 

2.  Tbe  Parable  of  the  Tares,  a  Sermon, 

E reached  on  St.  Barnabas  Day  before  tha 
iniversity. 

3.  Tlie  Substunce  of  a  Correspondenca 
between  the  Bishop  of  Oifonl  (Dr.  Wil. 
berforee)  and  the  Rector  of  Idncoln,  ok 
his  Lordship's  claim  to  licenae  the  cbu^   1 
lains  of  Lincoln  College.    16-48. 

4.  Correspondence  between  Dr.  I 
ford  and  Mr.  West,  Chaplain  of  Combe,  .  j 
and  tbe  Churchwardens  of  that  Parish,  («  i 
the  supposed  right  of  bnryiog  non-pntish-  J 
iooers  in  the  Churchyard.    1810. 


Obituary— itfi-.  William  I^mh,  F.S.A. 


CD. 


Fl 


In  eoncliuion  we  najr  add,  that  Dr. 
BAiirard  h»  bf  hli  lut  mil  been  a  liberal 
beuefactoT  to  hia  college. 


diatraitful  of  hia  powara,  ba  wmld,  i 
probability,  haTs  obtaioed  >  wi^ 
well-earaed  DtlEbntf.  Patient  and 
tiring  in  bii  reaeaTCbei,  bta  Indv 
brought  to  light  a  ^ut  nnnber  ef 
t  abort  illnets,   aged  G3,   Mr.   Williun     tereatiag  facta  which,  bat  for  Mn>  i 


have  been  buried  in  oblinoa ;  wbih 
poiicued  the  merit,  once  rm  — — ™[ ' 
vincial  antiqoariea,  ordiicardini  inata 
the  tDOiC  attractive  legendvr  tlwMia 
whote  truth  clear  end  ooaTliwiDf  ■ 
wu  wanting.  Theae  habits  rendaiM 
effaira  of  jesterdsj  of  comparatiTelf  1 
moment  in  hia  estaem,  and  oftan  (rem 
the  Editor  of  the  Briatot  Minor)  *'I 
aeen  the  old  familiar  hoe  elouMd  i 
expreaiion  of  r^irat,  wImb  tbe  « 
day  reqeirementi  of  a   na " 


T,,oi. 

logical  Institute,  and  &n  hon.  memb 

the  Someraetabire  Aichieolagical  Sue 

At  the  outlet  of  Mi.  TjBon'i  cireer  ne 
waa  employed  in  the  office  of  Mr.  Coatei, 
H  reipectubla  lolicitoi   of   Uriitol,   with 
whom  he  remained  for  about  90  yean. 
wai  the  practice  of  Mr.  Coalea  to  draw 

leaving  to  Mr.  T^son'tho    talk  of  (i 
Bcribiiig   them.      The  knowltdge  of  ate- 

nography  which  hB  thus  acquired  be  after-  ,        .  , 

waida  turned  toai^counl,  si  the  tinitihort-  haTBiaCermptedordiatarbedaa 
hand  writer  employed  to  report  public  leareh  among  ancient  cbaitMB  or  < 
proceedings  in  Uriatol.  WJiiltt  at  Che  recordi.  Of  hii  privata  and  iamt 
office  of  >Ir.  Coatei  he  cootriTCd  to  in-  character,  we  cam  only  aajr  llwt  OW  I 
dulge  hia  paeaion  for  books,  and  by  prac-  intimacy  with  him  aanad  bnt  to  di(| 
tiaing  the  raait  rigid  economy  and  self-  more  and  more  fillip  IntanitT  <"'' 
denielhecalUctedieveTalbundredvolnmei,  blemish,  aod  a  ipint  of  hooaat  ii 
which  were  subiequenily  of  f,tetX  aerrice  (lendeDce,  rendered  more  pleaMnt  bj 
to  him  nhen  estublithed  ai  a  bookseller  in  uhseoce  of  all  aMumption.  WoBajti 
Clare-ttreet.  At  thia  time  he  brouglit  out  aay  that  we  have  loat  In  Uoi  aa  Mi  i 
the  Uriilol  Memoriuliat,  a  nork  poaieailag  valned  friend,  and  Brialol,  pmbablf,  I 
considerable  literary  merit,  coutaining  tt-  taoit  ntlaclied  dtiien.  lo  tM  oootM 
aays  and  other  articles,  the  joint  coutri-  his  long  aud  uieFoI  ouaai  be  wot 
butionsof  bimseir  and  a  fow  friends.     \U  .... 

supplied  mueh  of  tlio  information  and  cor- 
rected the  proof  sheets  nf  the  la 
of  Che  Life  of  Cliatterlon ;  and  ne  nas  re- 
ceived letters  from  Suuthey,  Payne  Collier, 
bia  veteran  friend  John  Bricton,  and  other 
eminent  auChuis  in  acknowledgment  of  hia 
literary  aervices.  Abouttwenty-li 
ago  be  became  connected  nich  the  Briitol 
Mirroi,  in  the  editing  of  wliich  he  had 
ever  bince  been  employed.  His  comma- 
nications  on  BUbjeels  of  local  history  and 
biography,  under  the  xignature  of  Che 
letter  (Z,  arc  well  kuown  to  it«  render*. 
Enthuaiutically  attiched  to  the  city  where 
he  bad  an  long  resided,  its  ancient  nooka 
and  cornere  affonlcd  to  him  all  the  pUa- 
Bure  which  othcra  find  in  more  varied  or 
c  travel.    To   him,   dwelling  en- 


regard  and  eataam  of  many,  and  b* 
ileparted  without,  we  fully  belieTe,  laai 
behind  him  a  single  enemj." 

In  the  recent  meetigf  of  the  Areb 
logical  InstiCute  at  Bristol  Hr.  Traon  li 
the  deepeat  interest.  He  aetlvely  CBn 
in  die  prciiminary  arraugeDentS  aa  I4 
Secretary,  and  ha  ooatrilnilad  two  1 
papers,  the  coDtant*  of  rt 
leicribed  in  onr  report  of  the  ■ 
reedings.  He  had  aubuguentl;  *id 
LondoD,  and  had  ratnmaa  home  ool; 


tircly  in  the  memory  of  days  lung  past,     monly  ki 


TiioMAa  WiNTin. 

B»pl.  — .     At  the  Caatte,  Holbara.^ 

id,  Tbnmaa  Winter,  tba   pofiliat,   « 


ly  each  atone      "  Tom  .Spring. 


by  Ua  lifhtinc   < 


each  lioasc-'We  mny  almi 

— waa   invested  with    it  ^_ 

legend,  and  many  a  time  has  he  grieved  of  "Spring"  waa  taken  bj  fa 

when  the  innovating  hand  of  modem  im-  occasion  or  bia  firit  fight,  «a 

provemcnt,  more  rapid  than  that  of  time,  M'iteiiend,  near  Fowahope,  Heref^rdlk 

swept  away  some  favourite  object  of  in-  in  liUS.     At  the  age  of  ainataan,  ba 

teres!,  and  demolished  at  once  a  tliousand  remarkable    For    bis    actiTit*    in    f^ 

historical  associations.  i)>orta,  he  won  loms  loaal  lana  bj  a 

Gifted  with  solid,  if  not  shining  talenta,  tendiag  with  a  provincial  pniUiat  of 

he  had  attained  a  considerable  amount  of  name  of  Henley.    Tha  fovth  diaaeaad 

knowledge,  and  became,  indeed,  a  com-  his  irawerftil  and  eiperiaaaadoppoagsi 


inter,  whoae  ■ 


1851.]    Obituary.— 7%ofna*  Winter, — Madame  Javouhey.  668 


11  rounds.  A  gigantic  Yorksbireman, 
of  the  name  of  Stringer,  proffering  him- 
self as  prepared  to  meet  all  comers,  the 
gauntlet  was  taken  up  by  young  Spring, 
who  met  his  formidable  opponent  at 
Moulsey  Hur.st,  for  a  purse  of  40  guiDeas, 
and  10/.  subscribed  on  the  ground,  de- 
feating him  in  29  rounds,  occupying 
3J)  minutes.  His  other  battles  may  be 
thus  enumerated  : —  He  was  next  pitted 
against  the  well-known  Ned  Painter, 
whom  he  vanquished  at  Mickleham  Downs, 
in  April,  1818;  in  August  following  he 
met  Painter  again,  with  a  different  result, 
sustaining  on  this  occasion  his  only  de- 
feat;  Carter,  in  May,  1819  ;  Bob  Burn, 
in  May,  1820  ;  Joshua  Hudson,  in  the 
following  month ;  Oliver,  in  Feb.  1821; 
Neate,  in  May,  1823  ;  Langan,  in  Jan. 
1824  ;  and  again  in  June  of  the  same 
year.  From  this  period  Spring  retired 
from  the  ring,  carrying  with  him  an  un- 
stained and  untarnished  character,  and 
having  earned  the  confidence  of  his  pa- 
trons, and  the  esteem  of  numerous  friends. 
On  the  retirement  of  Cribb,  Spring  con- 
sidered himself  the  champion,  and  soon 
after  his  defeat  of  Oliver,  in  Feb.  1821, 
he  announced  his  retirement,  and  issued 
a  general  challenge,  open  for  three  months. 
He  then  married  (happy  for  him  had  his 
choice  been  other,  or  none  at  all),  and 
became  bonifacc  of  the  Weymouth  Arms, 
Weymouth -street,  Portman-square,  which 
was  opened  by  a  splendid  sporting  dinner, 
with  ^Ir.  John  Jackson  in  the  chair.  In 
June,  18.:-',  he  was  challenged  by  Neate 
(who  had  previously  declined  to  meet  him); 
the  result  is  recorded  above.  Subsequently 
Spring  became  the  landlord  of  the  Booth 
•Hall  Tavern,  Hereford,  where,  in  1823, 
he  received  from  his  fellow-townsmen  a 
handsome  vase,  which,  with  a  silver  cup 
presented  at  Manchester,  in  April,  1824, 
was  placed  upon  the  table  at  the  celebra- 
tion of  his  testimonial  dinner  in  184(). 
On  this  last  occasion  a  silver  tankard,  of 
a  gallon  capacity,  was  added  to  the  num- 
ber of  his  public  marks  of  respect,  the 
sum  of  500/.  having  been  collected  for  the 
purpose.  About  the  period  of  his  Man- 
chester "  testimonial,"  another  pugilist, 
Tom  Belcher,  having  accumulated  a  suffi- 
ciency whereon  to  retire,  gave  up  the 
Castle  Tavern  in  Holborn,  wherein,  after 
a  brief  interrejrnum,  he  was  succeeded  by 
Spring.  A  disease  of  the  heart,  whereon 
dropsy  in  his  latter  days  supervened, 
filled  up  the  measure  of  his  earthly  suf- 
fcriu'^s,  and  finally  the  brave  and  stal- 
wart gladiator  lies  at  rest.  His  body  was 
interred  in  Norwood  Cemetery  attended 
by  a  large  concourse  of  his  comrades 
and  patrons. 


Madame  Javouhbt. 

July  At  the  house  of  her  founda- 

tion in  the  Rue  St.  Jacques  at  Paris, 
Madame  Javouhey,  the  venerable  mother 
of  the  order  of  St.  Joseph  of  Cluny. 

Within  the  boasted  unity  of  the  church 
of  Rome,  new  sects  and  rules  of  religiou 
are  continually  arising,  and  with  no  less 
success  than  among  more  tolerant  branches 
of  the  Catholic  church.  The  rapidity  of 
the  establishment  of  the  order  of  St.  Jo- 
seph of  Cluny  is  not  surpassed  in  the  re- 
ligious stories  of  earlier  ages.  In  1832 
Madame  Javouhey  was  a  poor  herdswo- 
man,  tending  the  cows  of  Monsieur  de  St. 
Hilaire  upon  his  estate  in  Lorraine.  In 
1842  we  find  her  the  superior  of  the  most 
flourishing  religious  order  in  France,  an 
order  of  which  she  herself  alone  and  un- 
aided was  the  foundress — the  guide  and 
counsel  of  the  highest  dignitaries  of  the 
Church,  the  patroness  of  those  who  80 
few  years  before  were  her  masters,  be- 
stowing by  her  influence  pensions,  places, 
dignities  on  those  who  once  bestowed  on 
her  the  hard-earned  morsel  of  daily 
bread.  She  began  by  forming  amongst 
her  own  class  of  hard-working  peasant 
women  an  order  of  working  nuns  which 
had  never  existed  before  in  France. 
The  admirable  discipline  of  the  association 
soon  attracted  the  notice  of  Monsieur  de 
St.  Hilaire,  whose  brother  was  then  in 
office  as  Minister  of  Marine.  He  per- 
ceived at  once  how  wonderfully  adapted 
for  hard  service  in  the  colonies  would  be 
an  institution,  such  as  the  one  founded  by 
Madame  Javouhey.  The  Minister  lost  no 
time  in  examining  into  the  affair,  was  de- 
lighted with  all  that  met  his  observation, 
and  immediately  made  overtures  to  the 
reverend  mother  to  secure  her  services  In 
French  Guiana,  a  colony  which,  from  its 
frightful  climate,  had  been  regarded  witii 
horror,  even  by  the  most  self-sacrificing 
orders,  even  by  the  Soeurs  de  Charite 
themselves.  Madame  Javouhey  closed  at 
once  with  the  proposition  of  the  Govern- 
ment, and  departed,  taking  with  her  sixty 
nuns,  all  chosen  from  the  same  class  of 
society  as  that  to  which  she  herself  be- 
longed. She  founded  in  the  colony  the 
first  of  her  houses.  With  admirable 
perspicuity  she  had  prepared  her  follow- 
ers, by  instruction  in  every  species  of 
labour,  for  the  life  of  hardship  and  self- 
reliance  to  which  they  were  destined. 
Thus  they  were  gardeners,  vine-dressers, 
tillers  of  the  earth,  washerwomen,  ironers, 
seamstresses,  cooks,  spinners,  grooms, 
herdswomen,  schoolmistresses — in  short, 
no  foreign  aid  was  needed  for  the  prospe- 
rity of  the  little  community,  whicn  soon 
grew  to  be  the  prime  mover  and  master 
spirit  of  the  colony. 


ty  ihe  fouiiilation  of  her  order 
Lcr  country.  From  the  firit  it 
It  that  ber  iatention  bad  been 
It  tbroughout  the  kingdom,  and 
be  Bucceedec!.  There  is  not  a 
ircely  indeed  a  village,  nherein 


mother  was  busy  inoreaaing  the  order  in 
numbers  and  inllueace,  she  was  busy,  too, 
in  Bugmeuting  its  icealtli;  and  she  baa 
died.  Leaving  ber  immense  tichei  uid  a 
commercial  connection  unrivalled  through- 
out the  kingdom.  Her  talent  for  basineu 
was  to  remarkable  that  she  even  managed 
to  trade  with  Brother  Jonatlian  and  to 
make  a  profit.  Her  ships  were  knon-n  all 
over  the  world,  and  her  credit  uuivereaL 
—Allot. 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Jnln  14.    Al  H-a,  Die  Unv.  J,illn  IPEray.  M.A.  uf  At  tlu' 

llic  Mvln>  rsUlilisliDwnt.  Hiniierlj-  ur  St.  JOaCii  0«!  Rev. 

colLe^o,  CiunbrMjii;.  ""* '™" 
.'''^;:^^'    ^tJVark.nnrUsxham,  B»:ertii4,lhe 


araUM,  liectur  ur  ihnt  imrlih.  ~  lie 

-  '^liMilain  iif  tlie  Itiival  Navy,  rod 

■•  the  rertury  oT  Wark  lij-  the 


wiu.  fimmiryr  ■  Cli 

-         - ■-'  ■    -■--  -ertury  oT  1 

IKxiillHl  m 

Hf,it.  4.  Id  ilm-fiiKr]:,  tlie  lire  ll»ii'f  Onuirlt. 
'Iui)>1rihi  tn  Iho  lYIwD  niul  llu>]illil  uBd  Uhi 
.ImuL  iif  llenne,  liiiniiMy.  lie  wiu  the  yeunjreHt 
III  ufilielairllEnrr  Ik'nwrll.nJi.  nrCavrrnham, 
>i'in  I  iiul  itas  funnn-lj-'if  Mntoa  aUep.;  Uxfunl. 
■    ■  'W.M.A.  ■ — 


-_.;« 

wlllcU  he  «u  in>umi«il  Id  ins 

I .  Al  l.lltk' Until.  llateiS  Bar,  ItUOm 
li.  (he  Uur.  Ilrurii  ttria,  of  Tilnttf  nlla 


And  m,  the  RcT.  nnmi  Ak 
Vkaruf  ll1ake9ley,cn.N^itonCIH').and  I 
th;  CliHIitaln  to  IhF  Uunnew  at  AnKlei- 
wiiK  flTiDFrir  Chaplain  of  TiiaitT  coUm 
lii4il|tp.    IK  KraduEed  B.A.  IHOB,  M  j^. 


S-fl.  H.    At  lluDilinrit,  tlie  I!rv.  Aw/A  Mh 
Frfmm,  one  i*  tiK  MTrelarlm.  of  tlia  l.r-  '  - 
MliulnniirT  SwIelT.     Mr  win,  wltleil  Sir 
liiue  at  KkkkriiilnMcr,  und  On-  MutrsI  jt 

•Mr.  vlKii!  Iw  amulrecl  a  knuwkilKi-  ciT  Hum 
tcHiKue.     AlMit  ilitMi  yiiirs  >inre  hr  1>  ._. 
■mciiftlH.Koi'rrtiirk'i'iiri^iu  l.niHl.iii  ULi-iinH 

Society,  ilui'i-  whk'h  time  lie  lu-i  vMlnl  Ihe  ■!, .  . 

■'- —  it  wltli  tlie   MjrtuV  in  tlw  We-t      Aimis  Jauulitcr  of  David  Vi 

-■• ihr  ilimillliiii  and      lu  Culeiwl  Vmi 


l»»(tr.Ca 

4,  Uir'n 

vTlhat  pvl> 


Snuh  AtfiiM.    Krmu  tlirlntti 
'   nrly  hi  the  jawi 


liutu^iy  vntnifvii  In  ativni[ini;irdNdiiiiiu7i 

■iHl  hitvrntini!  m-ninnt  of  liii  JxnniiT, 
Jui4  pulillxhul. 

Itrpl.  la.  Aiffd  74,  ibp  Vvn 


iw  U1»-      yeai 


nMirly  «t  Uvtchley  Ablwy,  Uarbiinie. 


-    -  ClHldaln  L. 

•lai4iT,  Ikiuuluii,  lule  uf  Hati. 
(nt.  in.    AtKd  «C,  the  ller.  JHtAor 
lteTtin'ii(Kbhi|t,Kur(v1k.    Illa«lgtnal 
KotoH.    lie  wan  a  IDFiulicr  of  St.lohn 


lyluw,  U.. 


le  iinidiiiitcil  TiJL.  IKOU  ii>  wi 


iKllmv  ElidiiM  hy  Un.  F.  Krone  In  It    .. 

.iHiichtoii,  At  llinaiili.  CO.  Perry,  and  1)4,  thr  Rft. 

imlirtilav,  Xariliaa,  H.A.  Kocl'ir  of  that  jiuUi ;  ui 

hI  Scalar  rleniyniaii  at  Hie  dIureK  of  Deny,  In  «l 


>  In  tint,  iiy  Abp.  Hntiun, 
Jlvrrlun  In  the  elinnii  of 
ctnn.  Vnrk-Jihv.  aind  41, 


;  II.  At  Oxhlll,  tt'arw.  aKed  6e,  1 
ir4  Siil;  fiir  it  yean  Curate  oT  tha 
on  of  Clirin'i  vgllCKe,  CambrtOgc,  U, 


W.  I».  t 


ofthiiti'h.ir.rlrj-. 
.ler(.Wl.H.uiulU.>  A.J1nn.,.i 


■natom,  Irelaad, 
wotDtn 


llev.  MiH  tia&rrti. 

M.lt.Tlwilty.MiiiOartH.R 
llenldKhditn'  (IH44). 

At  Tvnjaay.aKKl  S7,  tlir  Bet.  Fnilmit  t 
Ilrrtor  of  llvnelldil,  .VorUiamiitanridra.  Ha  i 
tketldril  sm  of  the  tale  Her.  Ororgv  Dn  o(K 
tinm,  Norftflkj  and  wai  fitniKrlj  of  Pentai 
nillege,  Camb.  Il.A.  liUS. 

'«.  19.  AtAiklinm.nearFenrtUi.BnddL' 
Iter.  Mut  AHntu,  MJt.   Cnnte  of  Wail 


J851.J 


Obituary. 


665 


siuKv.     He  ui\'      r  Clare  luill,  Cambritlia'c,  B.A. 
H  •_'!>,  "M.A.  1x35. 

t>-f.  23.  At  JX-ntonl,  Nortli.iuii'tonMi.  lUfcd 
♦".s.  iin>  W'x.John  ]ra/.«o«,  I).l).  lUvtor  of  iX-nford 
cum  iCiiiirstead,  and  Vioar  of  (Ircat  Do<ldinvfton 
in  tlio  >iinie  county.  He  was  pre-^ented  to  Den- 
lord  in  1H22;  and  to  Doddin^on  in  1838  by  the 
Lord  Chancellor. 

<h-t.  2.').  At  Cuoknoy,  Nott.s.  at;ed  <j4,  the  Rev. 
Hcovh-  J/<M'///,'I{('ctor  of  Whitwell,  Derbyshire, 
and  Cha])lain  to  the  Duke  of  Portland.  He  was 
of  Clare  hall,  CambridKf.  B.A.  1810,  M.A.  1813; 
and  WAS  jMivscnted  to  his  living?  In  1831. 

0<t.  20.  At  Anstcy,  co.  Warwick,  aged  G8,  the 
Rev.  Thomas  f.'oker  Ablauts,  N'icar  of  An.stey  and 
Folesliill,  and  Terj).  Curate  of  Shelton,  War- 
wickshire, Rector  of  Sa.xelby,  Leic,  Chaplahi  to 
the  Karl  of  Ayle.>ford,  and  a  Rural  Dean.  He 
was  tlu'  second  son  of  Simon  Adams,  ewj.  of 
East  Iladdon,  co.  Ni)n.,  Recorder  of  Daventry, 
and  Dcp.  Recorder  of  Northampton,  by  Sarah, 
daui^htcr  of  Cadwalla»ler  C-oker,  es«i.  of  Bices- 
ter; and  was  an  elder  brother  <if  Mr.  Serjeant 
A<Ums.  He  was  of  Merton  c»>lleife,  Oxford,  B.A. 
iHOt,  M.-\.  H0'.> ;  was  jtre.sented  to  Anstey  in 
I80*.i  by  the  Lord  Chancellor;  to  Suxelby  in  the 
Ninae  year  by  the  Karl  of  Aylcsford  ;  and  to  Foles- 
hill  in  1 822  by  the  Lord  Chancellor.  He  w^l^  in- 
ttefati^xable  in  the  discharge  of  his  clerical  duties, 
and  particularly  kind  anil  atl'ectionate  to  his  pa- 
rishioners. He  had  for  many  years  been  an  active 
Ma;iistrate  of  the  county,  and  Deputy-Chairman 
of  the  (Quarter  Sessions,  and  had  also  l>een  actively 
emrajred  as  President  of  the  Divisional  Petty  Ses- 
sions at  Anstey  for  more  than  forty  yearn,  where 
his  decisions  ;rave  almost  universal  satisfaction, 
lie  wa>  the  founder  of  the  Asylum  for  Juvenile 
OtTenders  at  Stretton-ui)on-Dun.sniore,  which  has 
lieen  i»roductivc  of  much  good.  He  also  pro- 
moted tlie  formation  of  tlu?  first  National  schools 
at  Coventry,  which  have  now  been  the  means  of 
e<lucatin;;  thousands  of  i)oor  children.  He  mar- 
ried in  lHor»,  Mary,  daughter  of  John.son  Pistor, 
es«i.  of  Uatb,  and  bad  issue  .six  sons —the  Rev. 
Simon  riiomas  Adanis  ;  .lames,  R.X. ;  Henry  ;  the 
Re\.  Cadwallader  Coker  Adams,  M.A.  «»f  Mer- 
ton coll.::.',  Oxford;  Septimus;  Daniel  Charles 
Octavius  ;  and  four  daugliters. 

^AY.  2s.  .\t  .Vbertillery,  Al»erystwith,  aged  24, 
tlie  Rev.   WiUiitm  //«;//<'■*,  Curate  of  that  place. 

(kt.'.V^.  At  KrontVaith,  near  AlKTystwith,  aged 
2H,  the  Rev.  J»hn  M'Kinwm,  M.A.  Head  Master  of 
the  Nairn  (ir.mnnar  .S»!io<)l,  Isle  of  Skye. 

Aired  hC,  the  \W\ .  y<i(haitifl  (ititrijc  \Voo>lrooffe^ 
Vicar  ot  Si.merl.Md  Keynes,  Wilts  (1803).  He 
w.l^  u!  ^t.  r.ilnumd  hall,  Ovford,  B.A.  1790,  M.A. 
i7'.t3. 

L<ii<hj.  Ill  l.tMidoii,  the  Rev.  Thomas  l*ujott, 
>imii_'r-«t  -in  of  Lieut. -(.'ol.  Pigott.  of  Slevoy 
Ca'^tU',  CO.  Wexford. 

\\  Madeira,  tlie  Re\ .  h'lltnml  Titoma*  Lexrut^ 
Vie. 11  of  (ila-»onib,  eo.  Radnor  (1847).  He  was 
the  e!dr>t  -^on  of  the  Rfv.  Thomas  Ix•wl^,  Rector 
of  Mertliyr  near  Carmarthen  ;  and  wjw  of  Queen's 
coUe-e.  Cainbnd;,'e,  B.A.  1H31. 

.\<»\  1.  .\t  llkley.  Yorkshire,  aged  33,  the  Rev. 
Henri/  l.>.<ithlru  ArmiliK/f,  late  of  Oniuwton,  Der- 
byshire, lie  was  the  eldest  son  of  John  I-^eathley 
Armitaue,  ev|.  of  llkley.  He  was  of  Worcester 
colle^'e.  Oxford,  B..\.  1842,  M.A.  1846. 

At  Dawli>b,  Devon,  the  Rev.  HeneiUct  PfHtuj, 
Rector  of  Fer->tield,  Norfolk  (1843).  He  was  of 
Wa.lliani  eelleg.'.  Oxford,  B.A,  I80."V,M.A.  1810. 

At  BuxMiire  parxMiage,  (Jlouc.  agetl  33,  the  Rev. 
Rf'.Hit  Alt'rul  ,StnkUifj,  Pen>.  Curate  of  that  place 
(l**4t",).  He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  Rev  Alfred 
Suckliuir,  Rpttor  of  liar^ham,  SulTolk,  and  was  of 
Cains  colle-e.  Camb.  B.A.  1X41,  .M.A.  1847. 

yor. .").  At  Lymiinrton,  Hant.",  the  Rev.  WiUUtm 
liinnt,rntan,  late  Vicar  of  West  lloathley,  Sussex. 
He  was  formerlv  of  Brasonose  college,  Oxford, 
B.A.  1827,  M.A.  i>»30. 

So>'.  c.  At  York,  agetl  72,  the  Rev.  llennj 
Loice,  Rector  of  liawnby,  Yorkshire  (1830). 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


Sov.  8.  At  I.Kiamington,  aged  75,  the  Rev. 
wmUwi  (Afc/*V,  M.A.  formerlv  Fellow  of  Magdalene 
college,  Oxford,  B.A.  1799,  M.A.  1801. 

At  Woodford  vicarage,  near  Daventry,  aged  67, 
the  Rev.  Rirhant  Walter,  \'icar  of  that  pariah,  to 
which  he  was  presented  by  the  Lord  Chancier 
in  1840. 

Jfov.  10.  At  Dudley-grove,  Paddlngton,  aged 
41,  the  Rev.  William  J/amoml,  for  many  years 
Curate  of  Holdcnhurst,  Hants.  Ho  was  the  only 
son  of  the  Rev.  Francis  Hamond,  late  Rector  of 
Widford  and  Quidenhajn,  Norfolk,  and  was  of 
Jesus  college,  Camb.  B.A.  1833. 

At  Boothby  Graffoc,  Line,  aged  82,  the  Rev. 
Penitton  La  Tour,  M.A.  Rector  of  that  parish,  and 
of  Scorbrough,  Yorkshire.  He  was  of  St.  Mary 
haU,  Oxford,  B.A.  1795,  M.A.  1798  ;  he  was  pre- 
sented to  Scorbrough  in  1789,  by  the  F^rl  of  Egrc- 
mont,  and  to  Boothhy  GralToe,  in  1816,  by  J.  Ful- 
lerton,  esq. 

Nov.  11.  At  Tolpuddle,  Dorsetshire,  in  his  83d 
year,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Warren,  Vicar  of  that 
parish.  He  was  of  Christ  church,  Oxford,  B.A. 
1791,  M.A.  1794,  and  was  presented  to  his  living 
by  that  societ>'  in  1805. 


DEATHS, 

ARR.VNOED  L\  CHRONOLOiUCAL  ORDER. 

March  28.  Off  Rio  de  Janeiro,  aged  17,  Charles 
Philpotts  Green,  R.N.  Midshipman  of  U.  M.  ship 
Asia,  son  of  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Green,  M.A.  of  Eton 
college. 

April  18.  At  Geelong,  Port  Philip,  Henry  Fearby 
Brooks,  B.A.  of  Trinity  college,  Dublin,  eldest  son 
of  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Brooks,  Vicar  of  St.  Mary's, 
Nottingliam. 

May  29.  At  Cressy,  Van  Diemen's  Land,  Char- 
lotte-Septima,  wife  of  James  Denton  Toosey,  esq. 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Uoratio  Robson,  esq.  of 
IMccadilly. 

July  11.  At  Christchurch,  New  Zealand,  aged 
18,  Alfred  Beecham,  second  son  of  Mr.  W.  P. 
Beeclium,  solicitor,  Hawkhurst,  Kent. 

July  16.  On  boanl  the  (twalior,  on  his  way 
to  England,  aged  37,  Henry  Harri.son  Greaves, 
youngest  son  of  the  late  William  Dodd  Greaves, 
es^i.  surgeon,  of  the  Madras  army. 

Aug.  6.  In  the  Graeflf  district,  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  Capt.  Frederick  Pliilip  Glubb,  of  the  Cape 
Mounted  Riflemen. 

Aug.  15.  At  Hong  Kong,  C.  D.  Moultrie,  esq. 
R.N.  of  her  Majesty's  ship  Pilot,  second  sou  of  G.A. 
Motiltrie,  esq. 

Aufj.  20.  At  Sierra  Leone,  aged  43,  Charles 
Whitetield  Priaulx,  of  Southampton,  surgeon  R.K. 
He  had  previously  passed  many  years  on  the 
coast  of  Africa. 

At  Croderich,  Cana<la  West,  Cieorge-Godwin, 
youngcht  son  of  the  late  Joseph  Warner,  esq.  of 
ChwUeigh. 

Atti/.  26.  At  Frodericton,  the  Right  Rev.  Dr. 
Pollard,  R.  C.  Bishop  of  New  Brunswick. 

Aug.  27.  In  South  AlHca,  aged  77,  Dr.  Philip, 
the  uncompromising  advocate  of  tlie  rights  of  the 
coloured  races  in  that  quarter. 

Aug.  31.  At  Mooltan,  aged  25,  Charles  Bowden 
Gundry,  esq.  12th  Bengal  N.I.  second  son  of  Sam. 
B.  Gundry,  esq.  of  Bridport. 

Sept.  I.  At  Cawnpore,  India,  Uenrietta-lCarIa, 
youngest  surv.  dau.  of  the  late  Bishop  Hull,  esq. 

Sept.  4.  At  Madras,  Surgeon  Samuel  Crosier 
lioe,  M.D.  Inspector-General  of  Hospitals.  !fo. 
Roe  served  at  Corunna,  in  the  expedition  to  Wal- 
chercn,  in  the  Peninsula  from  )lay  IHl  I  to  the  end 
of  the  war,  and  received  the  war  medal  with  ten 
clasps. 

Sept.  5.  In  Fort  George,  Bombay,  aged  3ft, 
Mary-Isabel,  wife  of  Capt.  Roliert  Croft  Wormald, 
Art.  and  dau.  of  the  late  Lient.-Gcn.  Majne, 
C.B. 

Sept.  7.  At  Paddlngton,  aged  67,  Neville  Bntler 
Challoner,  esq.  the  harpist  and  composer. 

4Q 


ilucHhevI  Ablicr,  Unc. 


Obituary.  [De 


,^ .  Kiilit,  (M.  cUut         «(1.9.    At  CMlMvwn,  Ida  gf  Han,  Ella, 

I.  WUllun  limitk  Koili,  Itcctor      uf  MiJot  DuUmuo,  Ule  at  (ha  *nii  Baft. 

\t  UiicUwUh^ulE.adTaiicaa  In  jwn,t 


HiHu-  Sahanuiimn,  ^nd  U,  Llaut, 


■nd  f  )rintal  SMaoi 


KHlotloa 
l7ui<Vptati 


in  ibiiIe  Lfamtwwnt  li 
I  WW  aptmlnlad  ta  lk« 

''/i^iv'iKr'M'wiiirniiMiil.l'rn'uu.Tluiu.uilbl-  an  ■Itnck  on  Ibalmrn  ot  Ifaa.lnBi 
liiu'  Wnre.  !Mli  N.I.  ■  UnmOn  In  Uh  Korkvot  IiIi  vI<>''«>  m  luUr-iiw  the  mom  Ttur,  oi 
'"  'iiHw  llii- Kliiun,  ridcM  •on  of  >Uiir-<1«i.  Sir  capled  )lw  nnk  of  ratlrcd  CuBiuiid 
_..       ._.     iM.K.DWrli?-           '■" ._.— . 


H'ni.  Warn.  0 J).  CDmnMiidliiit  Ika  N.K.  DMrlfl. 
arU.  II.  At  Dntucaiiiiind,  KMghirry  Mill. 
ijiiulFnlile  II^<SMi  IbilnH  HU.  Inf.  lUrd  ann 


AinaUl  UniioMd.  m-  M4>.  of  R 


■  tnlramiMilb  ilnce  lo  n 


ArtlimlL. 


uiiL<aii>Aiini.jHiiiti<IIn]r,oflk-1iun,EiutIjitlilini.  uii  llMCuntliinnaiiu  ...^  .««i ._»,__  >_, 
Sriil.tt.  AtI>altiaii,aiiiniIk,lnliFr7<ithyisr,  vn Hw ova uf  ilgpoMln« homa  wh«  bavHH 
■■'icy.  Rikt  iir  Jnlina  Uurnv,  chi.  <ri»>  Ual  inaan,  lla  woi  liMily  nafoatal.kai 

Ur(.  X.    At  W^lul,  (Jiiftilfc.  mod  III.  Fumy      ilcniMil  tiM  |i[jiu1ib1  pin  if  lij>  tmu  ts  th«  M 
" — "  ofliotiui)'. 

At  Upper  Cluiitiin,  nffd  7C,  Clan,  vtk  ■ 

It,  Bnioli,  a>n.  mupann,  ami  yonacaat  daB.a> 

late  Kcv.  B.  KUiu,  Ractar  of  Prtniui*,  Km 

At  Smilliiimvliin,  nyni  I>3,  ArrhiMI  Of 

Ihihnan.  n>i.  Comin.  U.K.  ( l«44),  Ifth  ■■  ft 

iwur).  Iir  FniHifMlgii.  uT  Adm.      lata  Joli  liuliiuui,eii|.  oTCu  loOca,  Hartk^ 

™,  lin«lKr  tu   lluKli  !twl  Vln:.      '"  '     " '  '' '"  — "  "'*  ""■" 


iidliuRvr.  F.  VIUCiHit, 


Unit.    ItL'iuvitiil  libi .. .... 

la  iaurrlnl  lu  IMH  CutRarliiit-Uaita,  lil>  tirt  cumniWDii  Usm,  waa  anaiiit 

lUiu.niiiliiiHrafthabtiiSlrTlHiiuiiaUmliMii.eart.  Aiwhiw  IS  In  lUl.to  Iha  Pickle  Ib  iaw,i 

ciCnt-PxF.irk.SiirrrrianiMtyibutUilriwliBdlcd  Fult  HoMiiionil In  iatl.i11eiii|ilarea  enthaM 

111  IHIH,  liii  liu  lufi  InUF  tin  iin!i«it  WIUIuu  Amitk'aR  nUtiaiia. 

l*™iiBHiw«Br.  «■!.  ufTliwr  Part,  mba  mairtnl  ft*.  ID.    Ajjail  M>.  Thimw.  BadMl.  ea«.  af 

111  IHII  Eml1r-.liw|ililiw.  IdiI  ibn.  of  Sir  F.  II.  Uainr.  FlncbHuAdd.  [Jm. 

IMj'li^ilkiit.iiiHllui'iitiiiniiiDuxEininrtaBdtini         „ _,_^ 

lUiuriiten,  •ii'«tioin  Ihi-  L-likr  aw  nwrrlgd  In  Itu  Uruirn,  aai.  uf  llarllnglon  Im 

tul'.i]>i.(kiirKOlio|ie,  It.N.aoiudnuriliaEitlai'  At  Holllnirliani-lamtiv, B< 

IlllVtUtlttl.  "^"     ""■ —     ■■'•■--■..-I.      1-n 

Elim,  Kii!  uf  JunHu  ^'iiilitbtjfale.  mi|.  uf  Kln«- 
stiai-iipiin-Tliaiuni,  ilau.  uT  llanry  Ea-i  Ttirniiii. 
iwj.  orsnrliiluii-liai. 

iKi.t.  AtSaniniKiiriU',  WuK.  wi;dni,.Iuiu.i 
llorkw,  rxi.  sen.  Kinnerly  ol  the  lim.  Luiu.'. 

In  UiipDr  UuntaKnc-nl.  Jolin  lilJidil.  axi.  for- 
■"— 'y  nDviil  iiillver  in  vhanta  >^  net  Ui^Jeaty'i 


iluctennl,  Rlbmltui. 

Inucviun.aKvdtH,  LvlrLouldNIiuit.youiiK-  — , _. 

(Mt  iluBidilar  uf  tlw  Hiiikitvr  Earl  i>f  Dale,  ami  Kew  Konh-nad,  liilliwtiin, 

nniticUlan.  <<  Lailj  Mii^  Wurtler  IIaiila4ni  i  Ilia  '*  ' ' ■■   ' — '  "  " 

■luly  lu  irimm  w«  uvc  Ina  rkannlnit  ■'  Intratnc- 

tory  Aiuediila-  uraMud  tu  tin  lata  Laid  Wliarii-  , 

I'liltii'ii  nlltiiai  iiT  1  July  JIuivS  aivk;!.  Lady  Lonlw  Agnl  1 1,  llarry-Cilieit,  m 

rciiiruiUinil  tii  luva  •ain  Ikt  ■miidinijtlur,  Laitj  Vrrney. 

Mary,  wliBU lit  uklWurtlpy^dtaHiUutHlelirilad  "4.11.  At  Kliiuwooil,  oa       .. -.___ 

wiiuun  ruuranl  to  l^uudun  after  her  lunic  aad  Mr.  BiKluuian.  (ur  many  jian  BrlUab  Oaal 

stm  unuiiiIaiDnl  ti-  — ■  -  ■  — -   "-^ 

«n.  *.    At  IMb'l 

iMi  jvn,  Aiinle-UaUKriite,  younmi't  dau.  uf  J.  I..  IWnry  UciHUey  lUutMi.  ciq. 

IIcUiikAiM,  <K[.  At  Lcidtn.  Coldieiter.  n^  II 

ncnl  34,  tbe  nIKi  or  tlie  liev.  C.'ll,  Ue]l«IUuid|  At  llli-iinp'>  Slnnliinl,  aawt  »', 

mill Gnlutance, her infont diiuRhtar.  '"       '  " — " '""  "  "  --*'-■- — 


tliu  lata  ilamnol  blriKoae,  e»|.  uf  Uamun  til. 
Lawrenro,  NorHiaid]>tun>h. 

At  llrlUun,  Mary,  wile  uf  bamiivl  Wouilcock 
IiIeiiUnii,eM|.<irNnrwleh. 

Mf .  K    At  Sliiiw,  Herfc",  aanl  M,  Jane-Uary, 
lUiu.nf  tlia  Kit.  D.  Itnmmall.Tncnnilientof  HIiHr. 
Ai    reinbmko   Dork,  IJeulcnant  Selliy  Ul- 
1.  li.X.  (IKI!)).    HuawaxKinfCoRunander 

... ■    -     lilllcflat  HaU«Bln 

n.  of  imiiert  Salt^, 


At  Torqaay,  lluy-£Ilia.  leeond 

on.  h.  AI  St.  IlelliT'i,  J«ey,  Cb 
Coolr.  WL.  fuiirUi  >oa  of  tfae  lata  01 


nitied  nlckle  liy  rutting  Ml  breM.    Bawni 
ilihM  kui  of  JdinElllwD.iiq.aitata  in  .u| 

_.. ....      .lie  Eul  of  ScarlHrDbab. 

ibmko   Dark,  IJeulcnant  Selliy  Lil'         At  Cantialtoa,  aged  M,  Charln  ■abUia.i 

Aveit  fa,  Heniy  Haw«  Fao,  MJ).  of  Wm 
uillnn.'CanltidCB,   MA   II 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


667 


was  tlie  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Hon.  and  Rev.  R. 
B.  Stopfonl,  by  the  Hon.  Eleanor  PoTn's,  eldest 
dau.  of  Thomas  first  Lord  Lilford,  and  was  mar- 
ried hi  1K32. 

At  St.  Jiimc^'s  Palace,  age<l  G^,  the  lion.  Au- 
pusta-Mary,  widow  of  Cieorgc  Leigh,  esfj.  and  half- 
»b*tvT  to  (loorpe-(iordon  ^ixth  Lord  Byron,  the 
VtK't.  lUr  motlier  was  Amelia  Darcy,  narone.<w 
Convert,  tlie  divorced  Duchcw  of  Leeds.  In  1R07 
slie  marriod  hrr  tou.sin  Lieut.-Colonel  Oeorpe 
Lciph,  of  the  10th  Liglit  Dragoons,  who  died  in 
May  \Hr,o,  leaving  several  children.  Her  name 
is  rinicmbere«l  as  that  of  the  only  relative  of 
B}Ton  for  whom  he  retained  any  affection,  and 
several  of  his  poems  are  adtlressed  to  her. 

At  Gravcsend,  aged  53,  Richard  Lonsdale,  esq. 
of  Ifammersmitli  and  Temi)Ie-chambers,  solicitor, 
third  son  of  the  late  Christopher  Lonsdale,  esq. 
Arlaw-l)anks,  Durham. 

At  Bath,  aged  75,  Frances-Mair}',  the  la-st  sur- 
viving dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  James  New,  Vicar  of 
Ht.  Philip's,  Bristol. 

At  \Vind"»or,  agwl  H«;,  Sarah,  relict  of  John 
Seeker,  e-^q.  Ilcr  remains  were  interred  in  the 
family  vault  at  St.  John's  clmrch. 

At  Portsea,  aged  ?'»,  Wm.  Read  Shugar,  esq. 
papnaster  R.N.  (1795.) 

At  the  Observatory,  Kensington,  Dame  Ann, 
wife  of  Sir  James  South,  and  niece  of  the  late  .To- 
seph  Ellis,  cs<i.  of  South  Lamlnsth. 

At  C'oombe  Blsset,  near  Salisbury,  age<l  72, 
RoluTt  Squarey,  es<i.  one  of  the  magistrates  of 
that  city. 

Agprl  72,  Ann  Kowe,  wife  of  John  Taylor,  evq. 
r.R.S.  of  ShelHold  House,  Kensington. 

At  Mill-top,  Lane.  In  his  50th  y&ir,  Francis, 
fourth  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Thos.  Wright,  Rector 
of  Market  Bosworth. 

Oii.  13.  Lieut. -Col.  Jamcs  Loftus  Elrington, 
late  of  tlie  Coldstream  Guards,  .son  of  Mi\|or  El- 
riniiton.  Major  of  the  Tower  of  London. 

At  (rroenwoods,  K'<'*ex,  Thomas  Eldridge,  e.sq. 

fn  (lueniw'v,  Margaret,  widow  of  Jame^  Jo- 
rerald'sq. 

At  Sudbury.  a;:od  27,  Mr.  William  Michael 
Jone<.  of  Walton-on-thc  Naze.,  only  "son  of  the 
late  W.  B.  Jones,  ('mj.  of  Sudbury. 

At  Little  Bur-ti'id,  Ks'^ex,  aged  03,  Sarah,  wife 
of  Thomas  Mayolt,  cxj.  and  eldest  dan.  of  the  latn 
Peter  Skipjcr,  c^q. 

At  the  Held,  Leek,  aged  72,  Sam.  Phillips,  esq. 

Aged  01 ,  Anna-Dorothea,  wife  of  Charles  Arthiu* 
Prichard,  of  Tyllwyd.  e^i.  and  ehlest  dau.  of  the 
latt' Jolin  Vaul'han  Llf»yd,  cmj.  of  (Ireen-grove, 
ami  I'.rvnog,  Cardigan>birc. 

At  Ba->!iot,  aiccd  73,  Lady  CJHselda  Tekcll.  Her 
la<ly>liii>  \^a^  dau.  «>f  Charles  third  Earl  Stan- 
hope. Ity  the  Lady  Hester  Pitt,  eldest  dau.  of  Wil- 
liauj  lir^t  Earl  of  Chatham.  In  IRQO  she  married 
John  IVkcU,  c-iq.  She  was  a  .sister  of  the  cele- 
brated Lady  Hester  Stanhope,  and  the  last  surv. 
urand-dau.  ot  the  celebrated  Earl  of  Chatham. 

At  Paddingtou,  ayed  26,  George  Augustus 
Everitt  Watt>,  esq.  late  of  E.\mouth,  soficitor, 
eldest  son  of  (u(»ri;e  Watts,  es<i.  late  of  Exeter. 

O'-t.  14.  At  Brighton,  aged  01,  Mrs.  EHxahcth 
Lindley  Ikmen,  of  ParK->t.  Grosvenrrr-sq.  relict 
of  Capt.  Jolin  Bean  l5o\>en,  ILN. 

Aged  1'),  i:rnestine-Matnda-S)p]iia,  .'■ccond  dan. 
of  the  Bev.  .lanu-s  Brogdiu. 

At  Pont(!f'ra»t,  aged  24,  Caroline,  youngest  sur  ■ 
vlvlntr  dau.  of  William  Clougli,  fcs<i.  solicitor. 

At  llastin.;s,  aged  4'.»,  Jane,  ytiungest  dau.  of 
the  late  W.  J.  Eade,  esq.  of  Broekham,  Surrev. 

At  StaintoTi  in  Cleveland,  age«l  HI,  Lt.-Col.  Wil- 
liam <;ooch,  late  of  the  4th  I)ragoons,  second  son 
of  the  Kite  Sir  fliomas  (io<xh,  of  Benacre  Hall,  in 
the  county  uf  Suffolk,  Bart.  He  married  Jane, 
dau.  of  James  Wilkinson,  esfj.  of  Newca.stle-upon- 
TyiU' ;  and  had  issue.  One  of  his  daughters,  Ma- 
tilda-Mary, was  married  in  1S24  to  the  Rer.  Wm. 
Vernnn-liarcourt,  thinl  son  of  the  lute  Archbishop. 

At  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  Col.  CJeorge  Rltso  Jenis, 
Bombav  Lui:.    Ho  was  a  cadet  of  1810. 


At  Jesmond,  Northumberland,  aged  72,  Armorer 
Donkln,  esq.  an  eminent  solicitor  In  Newcaatlc- 
upon-TjTie,  and  an  alderman  of  the  corporation. 

At  Fairfield,  neur  Liveri>ool,  aged  62,  George 
Nuttall,  esq.  fonuerly  of  Buenos  Ajtcs. 

At  Sheffield,  aged  57,  Alderman  Thomas  Wiley, 
wine  merchant  and  news  agent.  He  had  for  many 
years  taken  an  active  part  in  the  affairs  of  the  bo- 
rough ;  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  town  coun- 
cil immediately  after  the  charter  of  incorporation, 
and  an  alderman  in  1849.  A  .short  time  ago  he 
received  a  piece  of  plate  from  the  Inhabitants. 
The  extent  of  his  annual  bounty  at  Christmas 
liad  made  him  well  known  to  the  poor. 

Oct.  1 5.  At  Eastcombe,  aged  74 ,  the  Right  Hon . 
Eleanor-Agnes  dowager  Countess  of  Bucking- 
hamshire. She  was  the  eldest  dau.  of  William  1st 
Lord  Auckland,  by  Eleanor,  second  dau.  of  the 
Right  Hon.  Sir  GUbert  Eliot,  and  si.ster  to  the 
first  Earl  of  Minto.  She  wa.s  married  to  Robert- 
Hobart  fourth  Earl  of  Buckinghamshire  in  1799. 
She  was  left  a  widow  in  1810,  having  had  no 
issue.  • 

At  Cirencester,  aged  7«,  Christopher  Bowley. 
Several  years  before  his  decease  he  built  eight  or 
ten  comfnrtable  dwellings  in  ('irencester  for  the 
poor,  and  endowed  them. 

At  St.  Peter's,  Thanet,  aged  73,  Jane,  widow  of 
Lieut.-Col.  Isaac  Blake  Clarke. 

At  Tredegar,  age<l  36,  Alfred  George  Charles 
Homfray,  esq.  surgeon,  soetrnd  son  of  Charles 
Homfray,  es<i.  of  Bristol.  He  was  for  many  years 
surgeon  to  the  Tredegar  Iron  Works. 

At  A.shl)urton,  aged  30,  Harriet,  dati.  of  S.  P. 
Knowles,  esq. 

Aged  60,  Daniel  Macnamara,  e<«q.  M.D.  surgeon, 
of  rxbridge.     Ills  body  was  interretl  at  Ivcr. 

At  Islington,  Elizabeth,  only  dau.  of  the  lato 
CJeorge  Maltby,  esq.  of  Peckham. 

At  the  Friarj',  Lichfield,  agetl  19,  Ensign  Ed- 
ward Owen,  of  the  2d  Bombay  (Jrenmliers. 

At  Haslar  Hospital,  agetl  24,  Lieut.  John  Aysh- 
ford  Sanford,  R.N.  fimrth  son  of  E.  A.  Sanford, 
e8<i.  of  Nynehead  Court.  He  w;'.s  second  Licu- 
teuant  of  the  Ihumtlcss  screw  frigate. 

At  the  Forelands,  near  Brom.sgrove,  John  (.'hat- 
flcld  Tyler,  cq.  upwards  of  thirty  years  a  Dei)Uty 
Lieutenant  for  the  county  of  (Jloueester,  and  for- 
merly of  Cheltenham. 

At  Welton  Lodge,  co.  Northampton,  Ralph, 
finly  son  of  the  lato  Wm.  White  Wlntcrton,  esq. 

(Pet.  16.  Aged  69,  Samuel  Calilwall  lirandram, 
esq.  of  Fal.sgravc,  near  ScarlK)rough. 

In  Montagu-sq.  aged  70,  MaJor-(Jen.  Herbert 
Bowen,  O.B.  Colonel  of  the  19th  Bengal  Infantry. 
He  had  seen  many  years  of  active  scnice  in  India, 
and  wa.s  present  at  the  capture  of  Java  in  1811, 
for  which  he  received  the  silver  war  medal.  In 
l«JW  he  was  nominated  a  Companion  of  the  Bath. 

in  Southwick-pl.  Marj*  Ann  Hester  Foster,  the 
eldest  daughter  of  the  late  Ralph  Foster,  e.sq.  of 
St.  Leonard's,  Sussex. 

At  Bromlev  college,  agcil  95,  Elizal>eth,  widow 
of  the  Rev.  (refjrge  Clark  Gaj-ton,  of  Swallowllcld, 
lierks. 

Frederick  Miles,  esq.  younger  ron  of  Robert 
Miles,  esq.  of  Heavitree. 

At  York,  aged  57,  the  relict  of  John  KettlewoII, 
esq.  of  Acoster  Malbis. 

In  Albion-«t.  Hyde-j«rk,  Wflllam-IIenrj',  third 
M)n  of  the  late  John  Newton,  esq.  of  Alconbury, 
Hunts. 

In  Dorset-sq.  Eliza,  relict  of  Alexander  Read, 
eso.  of  the  Madnts  Civil  Service. 

Aged  86,  Henry  Rice,  esq.  solicitor,  of  New- 
port, I.W. 

At  Westhorpe  Iltuise,  near  Marlow,  aged  61, 
Edward  Simson,  esq. 

At  Edinburgh,  Licut.-Col.  David  Williamson. 
He  served  in  the  Peninsula  in  the  4th  regiment, 
and  was  senior  Major  with  it  in  the  battle  of  Sala- 
manca in  1A12,  for  his  senices  on  which  occasion 
he  was  promoted  to  the  brevet  rank  of  Lieat.-Col. 
and  received  the  gold  war  medal.  He  comiuanded 


Obituary.  [Dee 

RIchuri  Bun 

SliDTl.iMn.  a[  Eeiliniitoa-iiTOie.  Lr 

Vtka, 


SUorl, 
T.eUftit 


nhu  Pttef  Wood.  Bui. 

Ityile.  need  IT,  JiDcttc-Siinb.  nlict  sf  II 


UMuuite,  *eeA  Tfi,  WIIU«m  GUea.aq. 


Ml^, 

i.Wl.n«r 

K^i;;b 

.■S«tM.Al 

i^^. 

UirrtOnu. 

odlmiyChiimbwU 

uiiilrU,  0 

,i.T»H6.E<l 

lwiSi''FnUer  Don- 

AlVorl 

3.  wmiiiu 

1  D.vl«, 

»,.  of  IkKOivynn. 

i.uKfliii, 

1^?-*- 

i.n-ifcofJul 

Im  >'v- 

laliinou, 

!it*s"An' 

hllmld  ami 

1.  Ban. 

iMilonrni 

UhhIcR 

IMren. 

AI  Itowle  PrtMT 

.Jfl  11 

.  Uw  ll«i. 

\TWor 

AI  SI.  Udkr's,  Janry,  *gnl  T  . 
lull)  CAptdln  I  Ith  nulnHnt- 

lii  Oduliiinta-d.  ItriEmtV lairli .  Eliui.wlft 
John  (ItecniUl,  em.  StunlieriKT  II.  M.  Onlnur 
riirDwt.  Kent. 

ARrd7H,JolinI.yc.CH|,uf  Walcgt-iil.  Iambi 
of  ivhltli  jarinh  lie  hid  hcen  I  nilrlcnt  nourl) 
ypnrsnnil  of  Ijiiinislcr-pliHi,  8lr«nil. 

AkrI  lilt,  Simon  Thunran.  n>q.  of  SoathiiniH 
it.  BlooiUHlmry'iiq,  iind  Kii-k-blll^  Clapbom. 

nwrtJlnn-Ellzulielb,  rlilcKt  ilui.   of  llic   Bsv.  inuHi 

Cturles  E.  BlUHl,  Ilsrlor  of  Ccjtnlie  IUMkIi.  In  II)1le-tlU'k-|n^dtn^  leeil  ST,  Dwna  O^ 

Mmmiot,  wlBi  of  Jolm  CavL-ll,  mcj.  MwUm-  this  Ohnir.  rtlk't  of  Adin.  Sir  Robnt  WW 

liurfai-an.  Otmiy,  Din.  li.CB.    SieirHtliarklB4dn.li 

AI  UlerlliJhil-locI^.  fliBoii-moil,  St.  .roliu-H  ™l«ir  of  Aamlnil  Jolin  llollowv.of  W««ki  ■ 

.  Woad.afEHlZS.Uninwl'rnirliiirdCluitrer.eui.  nuniHl  In  IKDI.iUHlMt  •  wMow  In  ISWhliHl 

A>n»...i..ii  - — .  v-.«...i..i.  __*j  4A   A.t^..i.4.  Iivllffiio  the  prevent  sir  (1«ot)r  tTrmliunOtin 
Itut.  Capl.  B.K.  inil  oOar  elilMreu. 

AI  Im  iilcca'i  nov  lllO'UiMtli.  aged  TB.  Ma 
M<iHlu>-)bi.-<Uenr,  wI-Iok  of   the  Sn.  Aitt 

AI  WM  Uriicon,  ii«el  84.  -fwim  Wrlih.  >■■. 
Cct.il.  AI  Uuii«>(cii,aMd*l,WUItuii8» 
Iimiiinn,  iviil.  prnptieUn  of  tlie  VealmtirUck  ■ 
■■otlvlunKtiuiiTiFa. 

At  Cliinl,  KolKTt  CiilT,  tan.  nujroT  at  H 
Itnrn.    lie  irouUl  luvv  iitiineJ  Iili  Uib  jmr  < 

_       _            __  tlM;  (bllowliut  lUljr. 

Miutn-of  Kiiinatnl.elileMKiuorixvd  Umr-AniH',  nHct  of  Tliomu  Iienbr,  aq. 

Klniuinl.  IsHmnon.  and  Fr«d9rlcli''H>l»ce,  Old  Jeiny. 

AI  I^miujilon,  HiUT>  •■■u.  of  Wllliaui  Clurhu  AI  llimniKrnDllli.  lYsdrrlck  Jf  uisalnij-d, « 

Lomprlure,  cm.  ihfcif  miutUiUTilu  of  Jnwy.  fiiniieriy  ufUirist^i  llMiitul. 

AI  WbUnwUi,  VIIM,  med  To,  Kaihcl,  vifi-  of  AI  Bulon,  Mn.  Edith  HlMir, «(  Bitli,  wMo* 

n.  IL  I).  Knun,  an.  IJml.-Col.  Tlumu  Shur,  H.E  JX^S. 

Afisd  ID,  Jalm-Ourtr*,  oiiljr  non  of  I'.  J.  ra-  AI  INrklim,  nfublra,  Kur-TiinieT-lUittu 

fCliano,(vi|.  nf  tiw  l.iidEr,  Bruvk-Kmu.  idh'l  of  Umr*  ITcdderliiini,  of  WAlderbnm,  ■ 

jDhn  Tmk,  ny.  of  ijiTvriiuUin  Fimiin  Urmo,  !«ie  <nu  the  rldHl  clan,  of  the  lion.  Fnd.  Lei 

m.  Caiulirlilin.  llbinimewlllliOHMWdBled  villi  MaiUand,  Capl.  H.N.  (•»!■  un  of  Charlei  Mi 

tlHBCOf  Ihc  KTiMt  utCH  vlui  liave  rennered  tta  Etri  nf  tanJanlakO.  ly  ilar|tar«t.D>ffc.  htB— 

Ainii  (ToDi  the  walaiy  waMtr,  and  amrvd  tfaem  Saiihrilomr  and  Undam,  to.  Ftfc :  ihenaaaH 

anlnxt  uiitanil  HooiU  and  lunadBllDiu  of  tbe  liadln  ina, and Mt i wMov In  IMI.IutlDBk 

oHian.    A  (en  jvtn  nex  he  van  hunoond  wiiu  ■  laaue  a  mnwrDWi  Ainill]'. 

vulnablBHrTlrDofpIatalnarkDovledReinFntiil'Idii  Urt.  31.    Agwl  II.  Colin  Cugpbdl.eu.  otlM 

Indsfallgabla  eurthHu  In  ranrlim  out  Uw  drain-  eli'-inuniit,  iicar  Lli-criiool.ajaatin  ol  tfaa  paa 

aseofltU!  KorlhLiTvl.  (or  LunrarUic. 

At  Oontlilu'l,  ueur  Wliillij,  agnl  Hi.  ilawan  AI  U'thcrbta'l,  utd  39,  Catli 

PelniHi.cw.  tbo  owner  of  th*  laioriiai  iwrt  of  funl,  «lft  of  S^lne;  Courtpojr.  nq. 

tin  land!  In  the  Dale,  und  one  nf  Ihoie  platai  At  Chei»lair.  awl  19,  rellci  of  Joho  KM 

"  OM  En^itUi  MeuilsincD"  whoae  arcU  ntntr  awi.  neRhiBi.    SIk  mu  Iho  Uit  of  tlie&iDlIr 

ullfH'l.  llii:IllilHn,nrclie[Mtov. 

At  lilM  btlierV,  KIsAcM.  ncir  OifUril.  nxMlH,  At  Tork.^nli  Ann  Kanuden,dau.gt  theh 

Suiuui'l  Taio.',  c»i-  of  Umluni-cunR,  phllpot-lam,  llcr.  ThiH.  Irvln.  lu'imibcnt  of  llackDeia. 

uieri'lianl.  At  KeiNnKtun,  Juie,>ffeofliea.IIe*maB,a 

At  BcwUbnl  FcnTvlUDuwl,  uoii  »,lto)<rrt.  Anne,  wHbofn'imamTUIranlWiiRt.Mi.  Toil 

MVond  mi  nf  -Tolin  MaiKb  Teninlmau,  «u.  of  I'l.  I'dtIibiib-ih. 

Crevkcrni!,  Sonienet.  (M.U.    At%clllniit«ii,itn<l  M.'ohn  Kawlt 

M.  19.    At  TDnlwUKB  Welli.  EUHhetb,  relk.t  UuncH  e>^-  ofAiluiutoii,  ShmiiatilTe. 

or  v.  B.  Antky,  eaq.  of  Wd1initli«i-lvdj!i.',  l.W.  At  Ctiute>-i>t.  a|!i.-d  >T.  Kotoirt  CUAe,  Jon.  a 

AI  KenoingtOD,  ifol  hi),  WlUImn  OuUr,  rHj.  >ollcilor,  of  BMli. 

lute  ofHIttinRlHrnme.  Kent.  Aif^iftm^iJ.  ■(  thA  nvdriMin  oThM-fHRrf  ■■ 

AI  UaUi,  aned  ei.  Urn.  Itaylei 

At  SI.  l.iwiuiri'H,  aicril  Ii>- 
irifcofWltllHniJmw.,i.«l.of _._ _.  __ 

wonh  .loiio.  exi,  oflllifli  Dmcli.liinei.  anilonl.v  lint,  nrnmil  AitillerT.    Hf  anahm)  tbe  nak 

iluD.  of  J.  31.  Alknifl.  eu.  Lower  Wick,  near  Caotain  La  lft!tl. 

•dcu,  agi-d  n.  tUlubath,  rdM 


-,.—  ,  —- ,.   .-,  ...  -JrlitiRoj 

Kelt):,  q,l!.  lalf  ll.M,  SolU*"  "     — ■     "-      - 


ami  CDh.  ntl^Mahi  Hiiwn  uf  Lc 
LilinlUI.    lier  Inly  wa>  intai 


A  K«idactiai.   She  wh  II 
•  —i.  the  Han.  Jal 


In  lliu  KenMl  tlntia  Oiiwtriy.  rorlwha  member  of  tbDIloU*  hoOMOf  tli 


tr  Man  Captl ,  4th  dan.  of  Wmiam  Irt  b 
—  :o  tiM  lalB  EaH 


AiKHl  a.   .lolin  Uajrott,  vi).  of    llrcii 

.liauigwifeuf  il.  Klllal-iihj.rwi.  of  Keniins-  tioniiiu(toii,fi]r  atany  ynnanewnaiLeniMai; 

inii.andyuuiiRMl  •kiu.of  il.  I..  VHlhilluti,  »i.  Imroniili,  In  ITM.    By  that  neUeinaD,  who  dl 

.tnil  »n,  jjinei  lloom,  pi|.  of  Blimlniihiiin.  in  IMS.  Hip  demwd  Judlmellie  inwntEaili 


1851.] 


Obituary. 


669 


MorniniD^ton,  the  Hon.  Mary,  married  to  the  Hon. 
Sir  Cha8.  Bai^ot,  the  Hon.  Emily,  married  to  Lord 
Fitzruy  Somenet,  and  the  Hon.  Priscilla,  married 
to  the  Karl  of  Westmoreland.  Her  ladyship's  only 
>istor  was  Maria-Eleanor,  Countess  of  Clarendon. 

At  Toiwham,  aged  69,  Mary,  relict  of  Thomas 
Paine,  eAq. 

At  EglcHfield-houtiC,  Yatton,  the  residence  of  her 
nephew  ricorgc  L.  Norman,  esq.  aged  60,  Frances 
Ann  Paxton,  dau.  of  the  late  Rev.  Harry  Paxton, 
Rector  of  Syderston,  Norfolk,  and  Vicar  of  Battis- 
ford,  Suffolk. 

At  Itomford,  Mr.  Pennyfeatlier,  late  manager  of 
the  London  and  County  Bank. 

In  Harleyford-pl.  Kennington,  Miss  S.  Pitehe-M. 

At  Sandgate,  Kent,  aged  38,  Mari»>Sarah-Lydia, 
only  dau.  of  the  late  Robert  Pnllman,  esq.  Greek- 
Rt.  Soho. 

In  Chester-sq.  Sarah,  relict  of  James  Cran- 
boume  Strode,  cwj. 

Oct.  24.  In  Alexandcr-sq.  Brompton,  aged  74, 
Robert  Bradley,  esq. 

At  Finchley  New-road,  Miss  Elizabeth  Mary 
Campbell,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Campbell, 
of  the  Uov-al  Engineers,  and  elder  sister  of  ^e 
Rev.  J.  B.' Campbell,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  and  of  the  late  Colonel  Cunpbcll,  of 
the  SKth  Regt. 

At  Stamfonl,  aged  4.),  Mr.  J.  C.  Grant,  iron  and 
brass  founder.  He  w:is  well  knoM-n  for  improve- 
ments in  agricultural  implements. 

At  Greatfonl,  Line,  ated  27,  Mary- Elizabeth, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  Alfred  William  Howell. 

Aged  18,  George  Gilbert,  youngest  son  of  Henry 
.foncs,  e»q.  of  Brock  worth. 

At  Putney-heatli,  Horace,  youngest  surviving 
son  of  William  Sjir^ent,  esq. 

At  Minehea<l,  Somerset,  Mary-Anne,  widow  of 
Th(jmas  Southwood,  esq.  of  Malta. 

At  Briijhton,  uirc'I  72,  Ann,  widow  of  ftie  Rev. 
Thomas  Trebeck,  Rector  of  Chailey,  Sussex. 

Oct.  'Iff.  At  Islington,  Lonisa-IMggott,  widow  of 
Eugene  Clifton,  csi.  second  dau.  of  the  late  Robert 
01der>liaw,  esq. 

Aired  04,  Anna-Maria,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Richard 
Farrer,  Rector  of  AsJiley,  Northamptonshire. 

At  Brussels,  Fanny,  wife  of  William  Hamilton 
Hart,  esq. 

At  Cheltenham,  :igcd  22,  Alexander  Livingston 
Jenkins,  Sfcoixl  son  of  the  late  Rev.  E.  Jenkins, 
Chaplain  to  tlie  Kingoftlio  Belgians  at  Brussels. 

At  Battersea,  aged  36,  Jane,  relict  of  the  Rev. 
Joseph  Leeson.of  FishhiJiiC,  Yorkshire. 

At  Barnstai)le,  aged  50,  Mary,  wife  of  Lieut. 
Charles  .March,  R.N.  of  Gloucester. 

In  Bedford-square,  aged  59,  Phineas  Nathan, 
esq. 

Aged  4U,  Mr.  Edward  Pascoe,  tlie  naval  architect 
of  tlie  firm  of  Miller.  Ravenhill,  and  Salkeld,  shlp- 
huil<ler>  and  engineers,  Blackwall  and  GlasshooM- 
field.  .Mr.  Tascoe  was  architect  of  the  swiftest 
jMuldle-wlu'el  ves.>oIs  iifloat ;  in  river  steamers,  tlic 
Melcor,  Star,  Joseph  Miller,  Jupiter,  &c.  and  i# 
varioiLs  seas,  the  Llewellyn,  Prince  Artliur,  and 
the  Ondine.t ;  and  we  believe  most  of  the  screw 
ve^ysels  tliat  have  been  built  in  the  Thames  were 
designe<I  by  hiui,  from  the  first  screw-steamer, 
the  An-hiiiiedcH,  to  the  last  and  best  resalt,  the 
Peninsular  and  Oriental  Company's  screw-ahip 
Slianghai.  One  of  his  latent  designs  was  that  of  a 
.steam-ship,  100  feet  long,  for  the  East  India  Steam 
Packet  Company. 

At  Fareham,  Hants,  aged  40,  Sarah,  relict  of 
Jolin  Shaw  Samp.son,  esq.  of  ^Lmritius. 

At  Dover,  aged  09,  Ann,  dau.  of  the  late  Ber- 
nard Snow,  es(i.  of  Southam,  Warwickshire. 

At  the  seat  of  Sir  Tliomas  Woollaston  AVhite, 
Bart,  of  Wallingwells,  near  Worksop,  aged  57, 
Capt.  Thoma.s  Taylor  Worsley,  esq.  of  Easby,  near 
Richmond,  late  of  the  Rifle  Brigade,  in  which 
corps  he  was  for  several  years  actively  employed 
in  the  war  in  the  Peninsula.  He  was  wounded  at 
the  tiicge  of  Badajoz  under  one  of  his  ears,  thehaU 
(musket)  making  the  circuit  of  the  neck,  and  was 


taken  out  on  the  opposite  side.  He  was  again 
wounded  at  Waterloo  (ringularly  enough)  mnder 
the  other  car,  the  ball,  as  before,  making  the  dr- 
cuit  of  the  neck.  He  had  a  medal  for  Waterloo, 
and  a  Peninsular  medal  with  nine  claapa.  Bto  was 
second  son  of  Captain  James  Wondey,  and  Lydia, 
his  wife,  was  the  eldest  dan.  of  Taylor  White,  eeq. 
of  Wallingwells.  He  has  left  a  widow  without 
issue.  His  remains  were  interred  at  Woodaetta, 
near  Worksop. 

At  Redland,  near  Bristol,  in  his  2l8t  year, 
Richard  Davics  Williams,  esq.  of  Oriel  coll.  (hobrd, 
second  son  of  the  Yen.  the  Archdeacon  of  Llandaff. 

Oct.  26.  At  Bancroft's  Hospital,  aged  57,  Mr. 
Cliarles  Dinham,  33  years  Under  Master. 

At  Scarborough,  Edmond  George,  in&nt  son  of 
Mr.  and  Lady  Choline  Duncomhe. 

At  the  Rectory,  Fulboum,  Camb.  aged  16, 
Maria-Jane,  younger  dau.  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  BaD. 

At  Modbury,  Devon,  W.  S.  Langworthy,  esq. 

At  Peckham,  aged  74,  Mrs.  Sarah  Mntrie. 

At  Salisbury,  Henry  WHliam  Hayward  Richard- 
son, eeq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Capt  Wm.  Richard-  * 
son,  R.N. 

At  Edinburgh,  aged  21,  Mr.  William  Laoncelot 
Simpson,  yoni^er  son  of  the  Rev.  T.  W.  Simpoon, 
of  Thumscoe  Hall,  near  Doncaster. 

At  Norwich,  Susan,  widow  of  the  Rev.  Edward 
South  Thurlow,  Rector  of  Eaaington,  Durham, 
and  Vicar  of  Stamfordham.  She  was  the  jroongeet 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Love ;  she  became  the  se- 
cond wifb  of  Mr.  Thurlow  in  1810,  and  was  Mt 
his  widow  in  1847,  having  had  issue  one  daughter 
who  died  in  1843,  having  married  the  same  rear 
the  Rev.  Henry  Symonds,  Precentor  of  Norwldi ; 
and  one  son,  Octavlns. 

Oct.  27.  At  the  Oaks,  near  Newport,  Monmouth- 
shire, aged  56,  Sarah,  wife  of  James  Birch,  esq. 
solicitor. 

At  Ipswich,  aged  76,  Harriet,  wife  of  John  Cob- 
bold,  esq.  of  the  Cliff  house,  Ipswich. 

At  Blackheath,  aged  68,  Peter  Edwards  Famii, 
esq.  of  Little  Tower-st. 

At  Brighton,  aged  68,  Mr.  William  Hodson,  of 
King's-road,  Bedfgrd-row,  a  widower.  He  had 
poisoned  himself  by  taking  oil  of  almonds. 

In  New-st.  Dorset-sq.  Eliza,  youngest  dan.  of 
the  late  Hugh  M'Calmont,  esq.  of  Demerara. 

At  Clippesby  house,  NorfiMk,  aged  64,  Hearj 
5fuskett,  esq. 

At  East  Lodge,  Acton,  Middlesex,  aged  51,  Wil- 
liam Ponsford,  esq. 

At  Torquay,  aged  25,  Sarah-JacoMna,  wife  of 
Frederick  Ritchie,  esq.  of  Greenwich. 

At  Brighton,  Mrs.  Taylor,  of  ftutoo-at. 

Oct.  28.  At  Wimbome  Minster,  aged  80.  Elisa- 
beth, youngest  dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  L.  I.  Boor,  of 
Bodmin. 

At  Beddington  honse,  Surrey,  aged  35,  Henry 
Bridges,  esq. late  Capt.  in  the  47th  Regt 

At  the  Cottage,  Melplaish,  Dorset,  in  her  100th 
year,  Mrs.  Crode,  relkt  of  J<dm  Crode,  esq.  of 
Mel]daish  Court. 

At  Bath,  Jane,  second  dan.  of  the  late  James 
Edwards,  esq.  of  FaU-mall,  and  Harrow-on-the- 
HUI. 

Mary-Ann,  wifo  of  Robert  Oamman,  esq.  of  m^- 
mot-sq.  Bethnal-green,  and  of  Store  Sfoose  Wharf, 
Ratclitlr. 

At  WooCton-nnder-Edge,  aged  82,  Mrs.  Mary- 
Ann-Lloyd  Harris,  mouer  m  J.  B.  H.  Borland, 
eiq.  late  of  Bradley  House,  Wotton-onder-Edge. 

At  Skibbereen,  Margaret,  wife  of  Geo.  Fln^en, 
esq.  sob-inmector  of  constiJnilary.  Tlie  deceased 
was  niece  of  the  late  Thomas  Lord  Baron  Ventey, 
and  lister  of  Lient-Gol.  Jolm  Fttamanrioe,  K.H. 

At  Wokingham,  aged  99,  Jolm  Boberta,  esq. 

At  Elgin,  aged  7S,  Patrick  Sdlar,  esq.  of  Ard- 
tomish,  Argyushire.  H^  was  one  of  tt»  most  ex- 
tensive and  succeMftal  narers  of  Cheviot  sheep. 

At  Brighton,  Anne-Maria,  lecond  dan.  of  the 
late  Edward  Terrey ,  esq.  of  Clapham-commop. 

At  Brantham  Han,  Esses,  aged  59,  Bobert 
Wha]l«y,flsq. 


670  Obiiuaht. 

Orl.  M.    In  Bukfr-st, UoTd-sq.  ig«d<l,n«nr]r 

At  L4Dilnidg*,  Bitli,  (g^  U,  Junn  BnrliMge. 

AseJ  S9.  Sanli.  relict  ofttaeRer-Clui.  Danlcll, 
of  Kingiwcnd,  neu  WDttnd.nndB-Eili^. 
Al  CBrdlj^,  nged  M,  Anna-LstlCIa,  wife  ot 

Al  Ueum?  'kduiw,  retersfleld,  Carallne,  *lft  of 
At   FVamptOfi-on^ 


!».  Cork. 


.t  Dilli,  Cirol 


SanlDrd,  esq. 
Olfonl  CtMe, 


inlrliU  dAO.  ot  the 


itWallbTj  Hoi 

Kuiur.  <?i4.  of  A^itej'iloiiw,  Efmiin.nni]  Laulen- 

M).  30.  At  II^c-]iark-i'oriiFr,  Lsdy  Cockenll, 
ot  SezincotP,  Uloui-.  wiJuw  of  Sir  ClarlM  CockB- 
rctl,  Dirt.  mthI  ^ptCrrori^ofdNartitwIck.  ftJicvu 
tliB  Hon.  Tlirrlot  Runhoiit,  wpand  dan.  of  John 
trot  Lord  Horllivlck,  bj  Ktbeen,  dau.  ot  Hum- 
plireTB<nrleLni[.i>fWBn><«A.  SliB  Iwame  ths 
aerona  triUi  of  Sir  OhKrlw  Cocktirll  In  laos,  unit 

At  UitlRlta,  Holts,  and  T3,  Minjitnin  Fcvn- 
ler.Mi.  UvvulbclutnirTtiinirMonofllielntc 
B.  Feunler,  Wl.  ot  Onkmll  lliill.Vnrkiililrv. 

Jit  MonrippDn-roiul.  Rfsmt't-inrk,  ii.'Sd  »t, 
Ubt,  wMinr  of  Itio  ller.  Dr.  Jolinwn,  Ilectsr  of 
St.  Pnniii  nimoe.  Cnruwiill. 

And  M,  EiiillT-»>raIi,  imlj  Haa.  nf  Ti.nn...  u 
■Mill.  CHI.  aolkllor,  Norakli. 

In  Xunliwlck-terr.  UibU-liUl,  BffUl  it.  fimim 
Ftamr.  tmt- 

At  IvuUHiTUIa, !««]  M,  ThunUH  rhRnMn.fliq. 
■Idfulaon  uf  llw  Into  Jobn  lh>llani}'l'lniniun.fia|. 
Df  Korniaiitoti.  iHor  I/msinfft. 

At  BniliBjr-imrk,  TiiMlnRbm,  i^  T7,  A.  P.  HI- 

Uri,  3U.  At  HUiT«Huii  CiJurt,  lieu- BriKtiil,  Eti- 
zebetli-lMbelU,  wife  of  Ui|it  HI.  dolr,  It.N. 
yuuiiEfsC  daa.  of  tlw  lolo  .1,  l-'arhUI,  on.  of  Hur- 
Iliner-il.indEraiicldun.DtairTliDinwWIlMHi. 

Al  (ieiKvn,  asel  3>>.  Hib  Itvn.  .lamea  KHitvt 
Hcnrr  WlllianH  elluley,  .roniii^  mm  nt  liw  Eul 

o.i.»\.  At  Ikn-n',  Man,  Mcond  diiN.  of  llw  IDC 

JiniifJi  l>eaiw,ef»].of  TiiiiHilit'in,aiHl  nflhe  Laif 
Tcri'Mi  Unw.aiut  iiln-eof  the  latoEarlvf  nnmll. 

Al  Lylbun,  iMif.  wlien  hi'  hwl  hmi  mlillag 
for  Ilic  IwiH-flt  of  li><  hnllh.ai.'HlTH.IJcilt.-llnt. 
.\i1hiir  Llnyil. 

Amxl  711,  Mid  KlknbTtli  Harr  MwUui,  ilxtcr  of 

At  IWrtinc.  >U!«I  '<'l.  Thomiu  FUlifr,  «n].  In 
more  liiiui  half  a  r«iiliU7  ■  meniber  of  Hie  Stock 


[Dee. 

Hd  U,  EUnor-lDUT,  HMnd  dan.  at  0«tri 
Idge,  tt.M.  of  Poekeildcs  bonae,  WDti. 
KhI  n,  Hit.  Fir.  of  BadcBmtfa. 
I  Torrlncton-aq.  and  IW,  Tbomaa  OallDn 
F.R.9.  and  r.B.A.S.  BecMnr  of  tbe  AudeA 


a' 


lluddurt.    She  wu  Id  daa.  ol 

e.v|.  of  nelTldere. «.  Down,  ana  *aa  iniRMB  i 

Slr.loHph  UnddaR  in  lira. 

A(  Newlnrinn.pl.  Kennlaflon,  aB^^tli^JB 
John  Lewiii  Uaiiiien,  R.M. 

Al  EimoDtli,  Bffed  17.  WllUoin  AaiciuttiB  UMd 
U.A.  of  Fembroke  coUctni,  CunbrtOse,  and  !■ 
rlelcr^f'law.  of  LlTicoln's-tTin,  adn  of  4^pt-  1 
Manh,  of  DuUi.    lie  gradoatrd  B.A.  ItST,  MJ 

At  Clilpatatilu.  Sam.  aged  (19,  Jaa.  tta«»,«i(, 
In  Old  CaTcndI<b->t.  aced  1*,  ChKrle*  aqi 

'' AtBalb,  Anna-Amelia,  wlh  of  l]«on[i  WIM 

asq.  Dcn^ut  CMrll  Service,  dun.  of  the  lata  Tbaol 

.Vur.2.  'Atljpton.):!.  WeMhBni,Ea«s,Hrtll 
Mlw  SopWm  Arrowimlth. 
At  Lauiiccllii-hDU>F,  Cornwall,  John  BnT'' 

At  Ijicebr,  I.tar.  usd  91.  Wm.  Bnxika.  w. 

At  l^nburub,  >Tiniani  Dnnk^,  enq.  lale  oTtt 
nrm  of  Ktno.  Dalhuaie  md  Co.  «(  Calmtta. 

At  Southam]ituii,  MaiT,  arilta  of  llauT  AntftH 
Ilnrdnun,  eiq, 

Ann.wifCof  ItobiTtL«ir,<aii.  M  llM  KjehaA 
Ilcrelkiididilre. 

In  llfde-park-pl.  .west.  *g«d  Tt.  Colld  Ateud 

A«ed  K,  Can^'ncJano,  wife  i<  W.  H.  Itun 
iniT,  nn.  of  Foit-lfldiic,  llirEate. 

At  Briidilon,  Sanh-llaUEu,oiiIrdMi.  of  tt 
hite  Thtii&B>  mM.eHl.  »r  Hiuw^l-MU. 

Al  the  rwMonre  at  hit  WIier-ln.U«  at  E« 
llulwlfh,  Charlea  BoIIIiub,  ewi.  lalo  of  Am  Oi- 


H.i).  of  DrenlfMil, 

In  WorwliA-fii.  Beli^TatC-md, 

hfCOWi  d|--    -*■■-  '"—  ■—— — 

ILlifuks! 


,liaiT->In«ilaien».Ann,. 
ci^l.  rd  CtieMerfOrd-iiBrk. 


.  -Teler,  Kmbi.  ._ 

m  of  IliG  llcT.  E.      M.W. 


A^eii  H,  John  renrvin,  aa.  ol 

At  SI.  LeunBTd'",  Mary,  widoi 
£1.  .lohii,rir.\>lie-|>ark,  llanta. 

At  UriffhloD.BffediR,  Juwidi  9irhonplil,e9>|. 

lalrlg.  AIRrliitlDii.aicedM.Mr.Wiii,  Ingi'iiin, 
only  feon  of  Ur.  Itvnjiiiiiln  iuf^ram.  ol  Lly.  He 
liwi  fur  in  «»  hccu  (nwDlM  Dt  llie  Cliap>>l 
Itoyal,  Brlilrtun.md  wim  a  iniplt  of  Hi.  H.  SktaHl, 
lito  ormnM  of  Eir.and  afterwarili  of  Rt.  CoorgeV 
CluiiKt,  WlndMjr. 

In  Flniibnrf.dn'iiii,aKedH6,A]exandeTltO!«i,ca4. 

"-  '    M  WjlBin.iindfll.Danitlir^.'krMkn, 
''--■-tc(.^rli*n|dia-~' "     - 


1.  M.I'.  B 


luoflliclatcO 

it«itct-j(aw,   ...,    .. 
3  Lydla,  nmther  it  Sl 


il  two  lUiitKliIerii,  of  whom  Ibe  aUnt 


•'«.  kite  of  nnmoiihy-ball.  Voitidilrs, 
In  CaniUiie-n.   U«1lnid4i.  Bscd  ft,  CliKta 

Al  Itodbrnoke.  at  ■  rerj  adranced  ue,  ki 
anMt,  btlier  of  John  Scoble.en. 

At  Oui>nUw,  «g(d  n,  Juie.nRh  dan.  tt  Ot 
'nimnsnn,  eH|.  banker,  Oxftrd,  and  of  BaUM 
home.  Ham. 

AK«im,  EUiabethpWKb  of  John  WDHub  TMpi 

'"  iif  KliuiVfil.  Coijimerchil-road.faat. 

Al  DaUntkli,  31ary-Anii.  cldnt  dan.  or  tbe  W 
KciOnmln  «af.  rw|.  ^.f  [Tnliam  Flan.  Bucka. 

At  llath,  !kiniti,  will:  cif  Triatram  Wbllter,  e« 

A'sr.  1.  Al  St.  LconanrMm-Be*,  tOm  IbT 
Ann  Doa-mii.  wront  dan.  of  the  tat*  WnHH 

A^ed  IT,  Carnllnt-'rijlDr,  third  du.  ot  a— ■■■ 
Le[iard,  esq.  o'  *" — ■------*    * - 

AtStuckwcII.acedJ 

Kveni  Kkhult,Ma.Hi 

■  -  •nt  .fninei  Jl-Laeblan.cu.  gf  Brt 

ine-Cithertm,  widow  of  Iba  HWi.  VAK 
Ipldn  Ifibnrne,  and  amnd  dia.  «(  tha  M 
Wmiin  Dnuliii.CliaiiccIlar  aM  GMOB  ll 
thin  of  Sallalmrr.  lb*  ««  ■anlad  on  th 
LprtT  lUt,  and  laft  a  wldov  M  Iba  lltt  Ita 


1851.] 


Dsnkin  UcnnMt.  (UHl  Hm  of  Uw  lUq  WUUun 

7,  Ann,  Ecmien,  can,  <>'  P»rtiig4on  Hnpim. 

iiap«iiiW  A)Ecd  <m.  Ui.  Cbulet  Uluden.  of  Uu  Fonl- 

lu  TMvetl.  tiwlor  ol  Bralmill.  Oreol  T»r-  •urgBim.  fto.  lute  df  Slorltii-oll,  Siuwy,  wA  tor- 

1,  anil  ^ib  ur  J.  NMQeaUlp,  Ol.  of  TicUII,  gem  In  the  UrlUili  Orphan  Allium, 

hint.  At  MalOi-rale.icuilGS.  ^liiilA.K^olTtuiDH 

rcalcnicu.  K«nt,  igwl  CO.  EUisbeUi,  widow  ni^dtr.  oiiq. 

.n  Teuijiml  WcHtDD,«iiii.  Agflit  Til,  Johfl  n^cr,  uwi.  of  LuiafOn],  Sddkt- 

ClielleuUup.  vs^A  14.  rrvic^&j,  yooDgnt  bdI.    Bifl  deatti  wu  c&tihkI  &ddi  th«  lajiul«  a»- 

n(Miitlhe>B  To»)K><id.EE!<i.  of  Dalh,  talned  In  hicmitloniiljr  Icncing  t  csirligo  on  tlu 

'      ■-■"-.—    Oluilnirtiril,  lUnnih.  nUlmyiUhoTailoii  BWIioolKinmUittlMfntail 

~^'iyi]  Mavul  Hoaplrol,  SronebouH,  br^ 

JwnHBcUlell.oui.af  BrightDD.  ru-llrOor  Jaluu.  B.M.  nanUf  InnHaBl  fmra 


rw,  enq,  lioiipeil. 


tl  RliM,  Ihfl  lutDf  bii  bTDtberR,  Settle]!,  cwi.  At  Uw  Rinil  Hnvul  Hospital,  Stoneboui 

— "  J»iHB«Ule[|.oui,afBriglitDii.  TU-U^or  Jaluu.  B.M.  nmnay  InnHae 

iriiary  reofoiy.  I>Bii.  n^ed    311,  Ajiila-  the  li^ngca  Hit  oil  tlifi  UailleTTuiein    lUliBi. 

luH.  iritboftluiBeY,  Clement  BruuKhUiii.  Becntenl  Um  mrrlce  at  Hecoiul  Llmt.  DM.  I. 

U  njniaulb,  sriiH7|>li3tr,ic«dsl,CaailDim4er  I81S,  nu  proiDiitnl  Ftril  Lieut,  ISH,  Ukpl.  IBU, 

n.  OunplMll,  RJI,     Hs  eDtered  ttis  terrlve  viil  bmrl-UnJor  IBtB. 

UI,  on  tuud  tho  Cmwit  M  ^  and  *u  oiide  Agsl  (id,  ADdm  UitdiEll.  suj.  uf  Ksw  Pe^. 

mt.  1810.    tit  mi  Ibr  fbortiiDn  rrtT%  gn  full-  hum  uiil  TaluuilioDiw-nril. 

r.  Odd  from  l»tO  to  imwu  uttKlica  lo  the  Awid3e.EIl«,infeof  l{«niu>i>  WiliuUley.Hl. 

1  JoHf,  ilH  )Uc4tilB  Bt  FlfmooBi.  of  OtiUo«,  Wljnn. 

It  H»  Brtghlon,  Liuc.  i)^  91.  GUulKtli.  At  Bafimtv,  aged  7'j.  Hiry,  nllct  ofWnUum 

—  —    "■   -■  --  ffslKMii.tiirgeoB.cnckUde,  Wiln. 

.Voc.7.    In  BuueU'pl,  iged  1i,  Muy.Vlkaf 

^».  It.    Ill  CMhrrinv-iil.  Blsckfrlin.  WinUm 


Edlnli^i^. 
Ai(«ilg3,  El.  .     .   ,      ,    .  ...... 

of  HoDuid-iil.  Cluplum-nud.  h1b>  to  UoHn.  Sottielor  ami  WUklnia 

Islington,  igod   01,  Rolmt  Semiila.  «>|.  Ungwi-'IreBl.  SHwid.    Us  liu  IeAi-tiuuit  auu 

.C.S.  tbr  nmtly  n  fean  imdleal  Mcvt  u  lbs  w^n  chililren,  di  uf  (thom  and  hanelf  (olnllj 

h<  ClnpTiHin.  D^ed  57.  llArriot  Jue 


^orgt  Uprbnin,  lectom  olimulw,  prints,  coin.,  Ac.  i»  clwt  of  th 

fiiq.  of  HoDand-pl.  CUpbam-rood.  Hlea  tn  Uewira-  Sa4hel^  — -■  *»jiti„_ —    ,*  u/„, 

A<   Islington,  igod   m.  Rolmt  Semiile.  «>|.  Ungwi-ilreBl.  Slnnd. 

H.R.C.S.  tbrneaii)' 40  fean  nHdieal  Dncaria  lbs  Hnn  chdil '-    '  ~ 

pariah.  ovwDvldAd 

Waring,  wn.         '"'™  t.  ngm    .    ,  a  i  ^^y^^^j^ 


TA.BI.B  OF  MORTALITY  IN  THE  DISTRICTS  OP  LONDON. 
(fVoni  lAt  Rflum  Unid  by  Ihe  Itegiiirar-Bnural.) 

Destha  Regiatered  j|       -3 


Weok  ending  ^  I  1  II  5  ^ 

Satntdar.       Under    15  to  |  60  «nd     Age  not    Total.ji    Milea.    Feraal«».||  «■! 

15.    I     60.   I  apnards.  Bpeoilied.  |  '|      a 


Ort. 

iU  . 

470 

32e 

177 

4 

aia 

4^0 

1  . 

3I}B 

276  1 

IGS 

438 

42S 

1480 

8  . 

lei 

203 

19 

689 

181 

fiOQ 

16  . 

iG6 

346 

20; 

3 

1  1021  ,: 

ri2a 

493 

1G26 

22  . 

SOH 

■m\ 

Z42 

3 

1132  1 

655 

a:7 

1J8I 

AVERAGE  FRICE  OP  CORN,  Nov.  H. 
j    Birlty.    I      OaU.     I      Rye.      I     BcnnB.    I 


I.  lOi. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW  AT  SMITHFIELD.  Nov.  U. 

IU;.  21.  15*.  to  3/.  IB(.— atnw,  1/.  1(.  to  If.  r>.— Clover,  31.  5«.  to  41,  Br. 

SMITHFIELD,  Nov.  24.    To  link  tke  OSal—per  itone  of  Sib*. 

Beef at.    2d.  to  St.    Sd.   \    Hetd  of  CoUle  at  Market,  Nov.  24. 

Mutton 2*.    Kfl.ta4i.     2d.  Beuta 1,768    Culvea  227 

Veal 2*.    eif.lo3r.    8rf.  SbeepandLambi    27,890    Pigi 

Pork .-2*.     6rf.  10  3i.  lOi/.   I 

LOAL  MARKET,  Nov.  21. 
Walla  Endi,  &c.  IMi.  6rf.  to  21(.  Od.  |)er  ton.     Other  sarta,  ia«.  Sd.  to  I7>.  OH. 

TALLOW,  per  owC— Town  Tdlow,  aSt.  64.     YeUow  Buiii,  38f.  Cd. 


227 

460      I 


"jl 


672 
METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  bv  W.CAttY,  Stramd. 
From  Oelober  36,  to  Nottmitr  So,  1851,  both  Inehutre. 
ciibeit's  Tberm.  ,  fahrenheifa  'I'benn. 

'■ti\  =  li     §    '  h-2i|.Ei  g   Si     E    I 

?i    I    -S:|      S      ■■     Weather.     |-|;-Sg    I     'aT       S      ]      Wwlbw. 


Oct. 

, 

o 

0 

n.Dt^. 

Nov 

0 

, 

, 

in.  ptpi. 

26 

50 

54 

48 

30,  21  ■'glmy.fr.fogg, 

a 

42 

49 

42 

30,  04 

fair,  doadr 

■27 

50 

54 

49 

,  10  „do.  do. 

12 

41 

48 

40 

.  21 

cldy.ft.toa 

2S 

50 

55 

55 

,  98    cldy.hvy.raid 

13 

42 

47 

,  42 

toggJ 

29 

43 

55 

42 

.  37  ,  do.  fair,  do. 

14 

38 

i-% 

.  26 

do.  Mr 

30 

« 

48 

44 

,49  '!fr.  cidy.  do. 

15 

36 

ili 

:ti 

,  90 

c<t>.do.fDa: 

31 

42 

4a 

41 

,59  ,do.  do. 

16 

30 

til 

3i 

,  83  ■  •now.ddy:* 

N.  I 

45 

50 

40 

,  50    rain,  do.  fair 

17 

30 

afl 

31 

,  77  !  do.  do. 

48 

50 

37 

,  25  l,do.  hail 

18 

31 

4JJ 

,  7»   do.  do. 

i 

44 

3J 

.  78   'clondy,  fair 

19 

2S 

30 

36 

,  77   clondj 

37 

34 

,  bi  Wow,  Kloiidy 

20 

35 

43 

33 

,  87    do.  fUr 

33 

U 

4d 

,99    hir.do.tain 

21 

35 

40 

39 

,79   niD,  do. 

41 

47 

42 

,  81    do.  do. 

22 

37 

45 

38 

,05   eknidj.do. 

M. 

48 

42 

,  75    do.  do.  do. 

23 

45 

40 

,  03   do.  rai. 

8 

43 

48 

41 

,  84    do.  do.  do. 

24 

40 

Hi 

36 

,  15   do.  Mr 

9 

42 

47 

42 

,86    cdj.do.  do. 

2j 

35 

41 

31. 

,  45  do.  do.  fan 

10 

42 

48 

43 

,  78    do.  do.  do. 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS. 


^a 


H ■  9r|  !  9Hl  flBJi- 

10 9?4  '  ,')h|  9Bj} 

11214}  97',  Wi  tlHi 

1221ti  97g  I  98.1  9BJ 

13 1  9r|  flu.',  ilSJ 

U 97}  98.1  UHI 

i:i2H}  d?^  9)t^  94- 

17  2)4]  'Jii  984  <I8{ 

18  215  984  '  99  .99i 

19  215  98l  U!)  9!lj| 
2U21A]  98]  'J'U  99a 
2l2isi  08} 


_ 59  pm. 

96    2G2    :i8<ilpm. 

264   GOaBpin. 

264   COarpm. 

108i aj  (M  pm. 

109   57  pm. 

204   IiOSGpm.  - 

2C4   56  59  pro. 

264   G!59pm. 

97i ^OltiOpm. 

30  61  pm. 

2621  61  5«  pm. 

GI .«  pm. 

2641    61  i'l 


53  S6|mi. 

53  B6  ptn. 

52  as  pm. 

55  S2  pm. 


-  263     62  iim. 
"2041    59  pn 


98 


na*    991  

9hS     99i   7i     073- 


!>5  51  pm. 

5Z  54  pm. 

62  55  pm. 

52  55  pm. 

52  55  pm. 

52  55  pm. 

S4  51  pm. 

S2  55  pm. 

52  55  pm. 

52  55  pm. 

52  S5  pm. 

52  55  pin. 

53  56  pm. 


ARNULL,  Stock  and  Share  Broker, 

.1,  Copthall  Cbunben.  Angel  Court, 

ThrognDrtoa  Stnet,  LondoR. 


INDEX 

TO  ESSAYS,  DISSERTATIONS,  AND  HISTORICAL  PASSAGES. 


*^*  The  Principal  Memoirs  in  the  Obituary  are  distinctly  entered  in 

the  '*  Index  to  the  Essays,** 


Abelardf  Peter,  career  and  character  of 

477 
Abingdon^  fibula  found  near  299 
Adaire^  Henry ^  letter  of  162 
Adams,  William,  LL.D.  memoir  of  197 
^Ifgyva,  Who  was,  of  the  Baveux  tapes- 

t  ry  *290 
Affleck,  Rev,  Sir  Robert,  memoir  of  88 
Agricultural  Society,  Royal,  at  Windsor 

185 
Albemarle,  Duke  of,  and  Charles  II.  494 

Aug.^Fred,  Earl  of,  M.P.  for 

Arundel  106 
Albert,  Prince,  vigit  to  Ipswich  185 
Alexandria,  stone  objects  from  640 
Alford,  Lord,  memoir  of  394 
Algeria,  news  from  75 
Alison,  the  historian,  re-election  at  Glas- 

ffow  629 
Almanacks,  varieties  of  174 
Almondsbury  f^carage,  severed  from  the 

see  of  Bristol  311 
Amateurs,  exhibition  of  55 
Anagram  on  Gen.  George  Monk  495 
Angels,  representation  of  26 
Anglo-Saxon,  Kings,  coronation  of  125 
Angouleme^  Duchess  of,  conduct  when  at 

Hartwell492;   memoir  of  573 
Antiquaries,  Society  of,  close  of  the  ses- 
sion 55  ;  proceedings  of  67,  179 
^^^— — — ^-^—  Newcastle,  meet- 
ing of  (i40 
Appian  Way,  excavation  of  the  354 
Aqueduct  under  the  Roman  wall  387 
Aquitaine,    Chancellor    of,    mistake    in 

name  of  483 
Archaological  Association,  proceedings  of 
71,407 

—    Institute,   proceedings   of 

69,  298,  411,  639 

Resolutions  with 

respect  to  the  Crystal  Palace  292 
Archceology,  in  Sussex  39 
Archangel  destroyed  by  fire  184 
Archangels,  representation  of  the  22 
Arundel,  Collegiate  Chapel  at,  excava- 
tion at  41 
Asiatic  Society,  anniversary  66 
Askew,  Richard  Craster, esq, memoir  of  434 
Assyrian  Antiquities,  discoveries  in  con- 
nection with  293,  393 
Astrolabe,  of  l6th  century  70 
Astrological  Clock  180 
Atthill,  Mrs.  Pftlliam,  memoir  of  207 
Attorneys  and  Solicitors  annual  certificate 
duty  183 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  XXXVI. 


Australia,  the  first  church  in  144;  newt 

from  420,  643 
Austria,  news  from  419 
Auvergne,  stamps  and  moulds  for  pottery 

69 
Aylesbury  Church,  restoration  of  418 
Babington,     Anthony,   proclamation  for 

apprehension  of  70 
Bacon  and  Montaigne,  works  of  28 
Badges,  of  the  family  of  Pelham,  and  of 

La  Warr  43 
Bagshawe,  ffllliam  John,  esq.  memoir  of 

93 
Baker,  George,  esq,  memoir  of  55 1 ,  629 
Bakewell,  barrows  near,  relics  from  408 
Ballot,  Vote  by  183 

Balmoral,  Queen's  progress  to  420  ;  pur- 
chased by  the  Queen  643 
Bannerman,  Sir  Charles,  memoir  of  317 
Bantry,  R,  fV.  Earl  of,  memoir  of  83 
Barnard,  Edward  George,  esq,  memoir 

of  543 
Barton,  Bernard,  original  letter  of  39S 

Sir  Henry,  monument  to  72 

Bateman,  Mr,  barrows  opened  by  408 
Baxter,  Mr,  anecdote  of  12 
Beads  of  coloured  glass,  chemical  ana- 
lysis of  303 
Beaxley,  Samuel,  esq.  memoir  of  660 
Beckington,  Bp.  gateway  built  by  301 
Be4/ord  Ctsstle,  Roman   remains  disco- 
vered 418 
Bedfordshire  and  Buckinghamshire  Ar- 
chitect,  and  ArchtBOl,   Socieiiee,  joint 
meeting  of  417 
Bedican/ord,  or  Bedford,  victory  of  306 
Bedingfeld,  Sir  Henry,  MS.  written  by 

417 
Belgium,  news  from  75 
Bell,  John  Gray,  series  of  tracts  394 
Bellarmine  Jugs  300 
Bellencombre  Castle,  Normandy  40 
Belton  Church,  near  Grantham  377 
Bensted,  Joan,  seal  of  300 
Berwick  Castle,  discoveries  at  67 
Beskwood  Park,  Notts,  the  property  of 

Nell  Gwyn  138,  450 
Bet  ham  Church,  coins  found  68 
Bethune,  Major-Oen,  Sir  H.  L.  memoir 

of  90 
Bewick's  wood  engravings  171 
Bicheno,  James  Ebenezer,  esq,  memoir 

of  436 
Bickersteth,  Rev,  Edward,  memoir  of  261 
Billing,  Chief  Justice,  error  concerning 

476 

4R 


Index  to  Eitayi,  Ifc, 


674 

BirionniMiiotcriiitiant  at  506  ;  ruiv*- 

tioii*  at  643 
Birkbtck  Sehooli,  management  of  b3 
Jiirminghant,  pupulalioti  ut  IS4 
Black  Forett,  retreat  of  Morcau  (blough 

thefilB 
Bland,  Mithatt,  etq.  memnir  ot  93 
Blue  Pill,  inlruHlucliun  ol  IT 
Behun,  Edmund,  dinry  of  ^94 
Baliiigbrakt  and  St.  Jalin,  f^ie.  Dtmoir 

of  f.40 
BoUoctr     Cattle,   Eiruican    va«c)    and 

■urk>ofatiat407 
Bidtm,  increase  ol  population  IB5 
Bonncr't  Fieldt,  pottery  found  71 
Bmk  ef  Oimman  Piaytr,  commiiiiiun  of 

1(;89  for  altering  the  40a 
Borroaath,  anilqiiitic»  diicoveivd  410 
BoUHtt'i   Leller  nil   the   dcalb   ul  the 


Bmtmt,  fin- Aim,  That,  me  moir  of  3! 

fFadt,  ciq.  memoir  of  435 

Buciinghttnt,  Duekeu  ^,  ber  ring  fuui 

at  Tbornbury  30O 
Bulltr,  Rt.  Hen.  CharUi,  bust  ol  993 
Bttrdit,  Tkamat,  trial  ol  4T6 
ifor/orri  Uni«,retidenreofNellG«rn: 
Bu  rghley,  L»rd  TVromrrr,  m  e  m  orial  Ivl 
Burlc,  Edm.  unpubliibed  Irticrt  339 
Burmtl,  BMap,  at  the  ileal h-bed  of  il 

Earl  of  Rorrheiter  389 
Bury  and   Wat  Bt^olk   jfrchrt^k 

'-■■ '!■«  of  71|  vititlol 


Cube 


>I41T 


j[  Orira 


11  2BT, : 


116;   Mr.  Rot 


Bolaiig  Bag,  and  Ciovcrnor  Pliillip  14^ 
Bottrlian,  CanHahlt  dt,  armiiiir  wiirri  li) 
Bradfeti.\<«fn\»\\mi  oflHS 
Brancrpeth  r'AuriA,  iliasram«  ol  anci 

pmiFlt  19 
Braott,  Sir  IfiUlam  d<.  ext'cuiiuii  a( 
Braniagton.  I>alll«-axi;  found  at  407 

Brtgtitnbach't  pilgrrmago  to  llic   11 

LHiid  -iV* 
Srutgnaaler  Kttala,  jintgiui'iit  uii 


-  Cathedral, 


,rri(..ralior.  01304 

,irbl)eMun<fort  41S 

,    uf    I 


of    tbe 
3114;  cburcbc*  (le- 


Cbapter  IIhubi'  o 

alro7<d  4ia 
— —  CImrL-li  uf  Si.  Mary  Redttilfe, 
reBiiirarion  uf  :1U4,  415 

tiUt  in  Fufiiti  Chapel 

'  Candlemat  Fair,  petiliuiia  uf  tbe 


414 


4IU 


Brilith  jftsorialian,  prucrrdingt  of  ITS 
Bromlltjf,  Henri/,  itq,  meiuuir  ill  434 
Brooke,  Jjitd,  and  tin-  cuuntrymau  16 

Sir  Juan,  proceedings  of  I H3 

Brougham,  Lord,  »ale  of  bust  uf  lliT 
Browne,  John,  engraver,  birtb-placc  vF 
390 


Bui/tild,  William,  ag.  memoir  ol  6M 
Btut  bruugbt  from  ancient  Tyra  4M 
Byknaert Priorg,  friuit  to,  of  I3lbea 

Bszanlint  Coff'tr,  of  11th  Fcnturf  61 
Carrlian  Ahuatm,  corapletion  of'^411 
Cafflirfnr ^ 1 5B4-5,»i trmpt  I»rcciih4l 

Pope  Gregory  XIII.  431 

California,  firei  in  75,   lll4t     renpiii 

i.f  M'Udiui  in  309 
CoUhol  cattle,  Cerdirei  Ora  30S 
Callhorpe,  L»rd,  memuirof  o4l 
Cambrian  Archinflegieal  JsMteialitm,  a 

nnal  meeting  of  4IB 
Camiridge,  KniDau  alikr  to  A|>ullo  at  B 

CiifwniJjr  (^  (Wise*  fis,  j; 

Library,  IJnea  on   By  \tm.i 

uf  MSS.  338,  450 

Jjbn  Sterling  at  fiU3 

CampbeH,  7%ami>i,  lala  of  the    ponra 

ol  167 
Canada,  nent  from  76,  S89,  64S 
Cannm  Street,  Ltmd—t,    bronaa    !•■ 

fuund  I  BO 
Oinoni,  Curiutitiea  of  the  old  Church  1 1 
Canynget  Soeiely,  annivafuTy  of  304 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  iieiri  fnim  SUI,  Er< 
Capel  St.  Andreui't,  ring  with  p.»y  (140 
Cai-dinalt'  Halt,  antiquity  uf  % 
Carlitle  Cathedral,  diagram*    of  anciai 

pani'lt   19 
Carlyle't  Life  <^  Blerliag  SOO 
Can  iii^ji  in /ivry,  remarkable  eullcetk 

of  sttg 
CastellBere,  fortrei*  of,  eieavktloni  atl 
Ottlacombt  under   Btm;   diicorcfiM  i 

393 
Oif/oH  Jl/rnannl,  lubicripilun  16} 
Cellini,  lieniienuto,  driving  nf  E3t 
Cellic  and  TtutoHie  fFtapmu  68 
Celuut,  tbe  tulalt  of  tbe  76  |   uf  Irelii 

IB4;  fl  Ibe  principal  tuwiia   of  En 

Innd  1B4 
Cerdie,  tbe  invation  of  305 
Ceylon,  Lord  Torriiigton'a 


Chambert,  Sir  W.  Htniii:  B^atl*  !•  41 
Charing  Crott,   ruti*  of  the  pedpilal  i 

the  tiaiuc  uf  King  Cbartri  io 
Charles  I.  and  ibe  PEtitiBn  of  Bif  bt  H 
Ckarlet  II.  and  TitM  Oatei  1 1 


Indesff  to  Essays,  Sfc. 


675 


Chaiies  II,  interview  with  Mr.  Frank- 
land  1 1 

death  of  38 

^ —  letter  of,  to  the  Corporation 

of  Ipswich  165 
Charles-Edward,  Prince^  pair  of  pistols 

of  407 
Charleville,     Charles -William   Earl  of, 

nirmoir  of  317 
Charters,  compulsory  substitution  of  67 

•  royal,  validity  of  b'3 

Chasing-  in  Silver ,  specimeiis  of  70 
ChaUworth  and  Hardwick  Hall,  visit  to 

407 
Chaitertonsy  memorials  of  the  92(» 
Chaucer's  Tomb,  and  Caxlon  167 
Chelsta  Hospital^  orii^in  of  35 
Cherilon  Church,  inscription  in  640 
Cht'sterjield,    Trinity    Church,  memorial 

viindow  420 
Chesters,  monumental  inscription  found 

Cheu'ton  Mendip,  tower  of  304 
Chicory  and  Coffee y  mixture  of  73,  182 
China,  news  from  310 
Ch'pping  Ongar,  matchlock  found  179 
Christ  Church,  Newgate  Street,  sepul- 

•  liral  *.|at)>  from  71 
Christian    [ronography   and  Legendary 

Art  <2J,  I4y,  'J6« 
Church  Architecture,  local   peculiarities 

of  177 
i.i  France  and  Eng- 

l.iiid  CMj 

Church  Building  ^Icf  Amendment  BilllSl 
( hurchcs,  paintings  in  450,  r>'2^ 
Church    lowers    of    Somersetshire   and 

r>ii>tol  304 
Cianchcttini,  Mr.  Pio,  memoir  of  327 
Cilurnum,  plin  of  the  Roman  station  of 

3H4 
Cireticestcr,  Leauses,  excavation  at  640 
Clackmannan,   Burning  fVaste  of,   fire 

«'Xi  i^llJlll^lK•d  7<) 
(hire,  John  Earl  of,  memoir  of  427 
(Hark.  Sir   William  Stephenson,  memoir 

.  t  i)\ 
Clautiiu!^^  Kmpcror,  at  Colchester  71 
(lijf'ord,  Lord,  ju.d  thi  citizens  of  York 

4<;4 
('lo\churn  Estate,  sale  of  TG 
Ctolhu'orkers'   Company,    entertainment 

i^^  Moi  k  \)\  34« 
Cnrhef,  Aihni)  al  John,  ni»'moir  of  320 
(odriur/fnn, .-/dm. SirEdw.  memoir  of  194 
Coffer  of' Mos-niC'Work,  of  1  f  th  Century  68 
Coke,  Sir  Edward,  works  of  476 
Colchtster,  West  Lodge,  antiquities  found 

17f) 
Coleridge,    Rev.    Derwent,   remafkfl   on 

t'ducation  50 
Cologne,  it-;  churches  and  museum  617 
Colonial  Oualtfication  Bill  73 
Companions  of  my  Solitude  28 
Conspirators,  portraits  of  70 


Constable,  Sir  Marmaduke,  and  the  titt- 

zens  of  York  464 
Constantine,  palace  of,  at  TrevM  298 
Conversazione,  given  by  the  Lord  Major 

55 
Convocation,  petition  for  a  restoration  of 

306 
Cookson,  Isaac,  esq.  memoir  of  654 
Cooper,  James  Fenimore,  esq.  memoir  of 

546 
Copleston,  Edward  Bp.  memoir  of  357 
— —  and  Schlegel,  comparison  be- 
tween 358 
Copyright  between  France  and  England 

627 
Cornwall,  leaf  of  a  diptych  found  in  299 
Coronation  Book  of  the  Kings  of  England 

127 
Coltenham,  C.  C.P.  Ear  I  of,  memoir  of  84 
Court  of  Chancery,  improvement  of  74 
Court  of  Chancery  and  Judicial  Comfnit^ 

tee  Bill  307 
Courtenay,  family  memorials  of  70 
Coventry,  meeting  of  Architectural  and 
Archeeological  Societies  at  180 

Tokens  163 

Crabb,  Rev,  James,  memoir  of  659 
Cramp-rings,  service  for  blessing  70 
Cranworth,  Lord,  his  judgment  on  the 
succession  to  the  Bridgewater  estates 
394 
Craven,  Hon.   Richard  Keppel,  memoir 

of  428 
Cressingham,  Hugh  de,  character  of  473 
Cric/Uon,  David  M.  Makgill,  e^q.,  me- 
moir of  435 
Crokin,  site  of  the  manor  of  40 
Cromwell,  Oliver,  portraits  of  2,  106 

-Head  of,  inquiry  concerning338 

Crystal  Cup,  found  at  Hill  Coart  Church 

414 
Crystal  Palace,  destiny  of  292 

address  to  the  Crown  to 

retain  the  308 
Cuba,  news  from  419 
CummingU  Camp,  stone  weapons  from 

640 
Custumal,  Norman  French  402 
Dagliugworth  Church,  sculptures  found 

at  414 
Daguerre,  M.  memoir  of  439 
Dalyell,  Sir  John  Graham,  memoir  of 

195 
Danes  in  England,  massacre  of  the  290 
Danish  Claims  182 
Davenant,  fftll.  prologue  by  496 
Davy,  David  Elisha,  esq,  memoir  of  543 
Day  Books  of  Dr.  Henry  Samson  1 1 
Z>e<e  Matrts,  sculpture  of  506 
Dee,  Dr.  John,  calculations  for  the  ca- 
lendar 452 
Denmark,  news  from  75 ;  curious  an- 
tiquarian inquiry  in  167 
Denon,  Baron,  and  Lady  Morgan  50 
Dens,  ff^tlliam,  anecdote  of  40 


I 'J 


676 


Index  to  EsHOfif  SfC. 


■I 
-,■■ 


I 


I 

■!■■ 


4 
I 


Derby,  Archaeolog^ical  Association  at  407 

Edward  S,  S.  Earl  of,  memoir  of 

190;   his  bequests  338;    sale  of  his 
menai^erie  644 
Derry,  Siege  of,  original  letters   relating 

to  the  374 
Des  Adrets,  Baron  562 
J)*Ewe8f  Sir  Simondt,  and  the  House  of 

Cuniniuns  227 
Digby,  Earl,  gift  to  Sherborne  Grammar 

School  643 
Doherty,  Mr.  not  a  disciple  of  Fourier  2 
Dannadieu,  M,  «ale  of  his  autographs  167 
Donoughmore,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  53.9 
Dorset,  Charles  Duke  of,  lines  by  562 
Doreet,  singular  silver  gemel  ring  found 

in  640 
Dowdeswell,  John  Edmund,  esq,  memoir 

of  651 
Downhill  Castle,  burnt  down  310 
Dowton,  Air.  fFilliam,  memoir  of  96 
JDrot/oricAy  corporation  seal  of  7 1  f  300, 388 
Drummond,  iSiVTf'iV/iami anagram  by  495 
Dryden^  Lord  Rochester's  character  of 

4(>9  ;  quotation  from  5?3,  562 
Dublin,  Trinity  College,  James  the  Sc- 
coiid*s  letters  in  376  ;  mt'eiing  to  esta- 
blish a  Catholic  Defence  Association 
310 
Dundrennan,    Thomas  Mail  land  Lord, 

memoir  of  196;   library  of  523 
Dungeness,  silver  plate  fdund  at  68 
Dunvegan  Castle,  weapons  fuund  at  179 
Duquesnoy,  Adrian,  and  the  Edinburgh 

Review  6^2 
Durham,St.  Oswald* s  churchyard,  tomb- 
stone in  2^6 
Dying  Gladiator,  remarks  on  the  statue 

304 
Dynham,  John  Lord,  letter  of  461 
Ecclesiastical  Titles  liillTi,  73,  74,  181, 

182,  183,  307,  308 
Eden,  Gen.  ff^Uiam,  memoir  of  320 
Edinburgh,   statue    of  Queen    Victoria 

at  312 
Edinburgh  Review  and  Duquesnoy  622 
Edward  the  Confessor,  ])enny  of  68 
Edwardes,  John  T.  Smitheman,  esq,  me- 
moir of  ()56 
Egremond^  Sir  John,  family  of  468 
Egypt,  fiituation  of  Lake  Mceris  in  303 
Eliot,  Sir  John,  and  the   remonstrance 

t<i  CharleA  J.  229 
Elizabeth  of  Bohemia,  English   garden 

an<i  other  relics  of  285,  390,  391 
Elizabeth,    Queen,    custody     of,    when 
Princess,  in    the  reign  of  Mary  417  ; 
decay  oi  her  popularity  391 
Ellesmere,  Earl  of,  collection  of  paint- 
ings of  I  he  55 
Ely  Cathedral,  restoration  of  417 
Emscofe^  curious  fibula  found  at  299 
England,  sluvery  in  KO 
English    Historical   Literature,    present 
state  of  3 


English  Languaggf  on  the  improveMesl 

of  161,892 
English    Goldimiths,    mtsay    and    ytu 

marks  of  305 
Ensham  Abbey,  curious   decorative  till 

from  640 
EqutvoesUUm^  as  taught  by  Roman  Catho 

lies  171 
Esher  Churchyard,  lombiCone  in  996 
Essayists  of  the  EighieeiUk  Gm/wry  98 
Essex,  Earl  of,  expedition  to  Ireland  9S1 
—^^  execution  oi  391 
Eton  College  Chapel,   meanorial  windoi 

in  311 
Evangeliste,  Fntr,  symbola  of  the  969 
Evermeu,  Prankish  batlle-aae  fuund  at  9! 
Exeter,  synod  of  the  clergy  at  185 
Exhibition,  Great,  number  of  TislloiB  f 

55;   close  of  521,   599  ;    visii  of  ih 

Royal  Commissionen  to  Liverpool  185 

to  France  309;  remarks  unt  be  Media 

val  Court  581  ;  report  643 
Farquhar,  Mr.  memorial  window  to  SI 
Ferguson,  Robert,  escapes  of  15 
Field,  Rev.  William,  memoir  550 
Flanders,  Philippe  la  Bom  Count  ef,  m 

niaiure  of  299 
Flemish  Colony,  early  introduction  iati 

Wales  418 
Fletcher,  Sir  Henry,  memoir  of  430 
Fleur'de-lys,  origin  of  633 
Flint  ff^eapons,  of  the  Irish  303 
Fly-leaves  of  MSS.,  lines  on  338 
Folkes,  Martin,  sale  of  bust  of  167 
Folkstone,    Roman    and   Sason    pottei] 

found  180 
Foley,  Family  of,  descent  of  IS 
Font,  Norman,  at  Bel  ton  Church  377 
Forbes,  Eliza  Mary,  memoir  of  906 
Fosses  Lives  ofthejudgos  473 
Fountains,   Abbot   of,  died  at  Vaudcy, 

1252,  154 
Fountains   Abbey,  reeent  discoreries  al 

178,  179 
France,  origin  of  the  galleys  in  147 

news  from  74.  309,  419,  598,  641 

and  England,  copyright  betweci 


627 


Scientific  Congress  of  999 


Prankish  battle-axe  67 

Frankland,  Rev, Richard,  visit  to  Cbarlc 

11.  11 
French  VtsUs  to  London,  gratis  168 
Freyburg,  town  of  618 
Galleys  of'  England  and  Ftaneo^  143 
qf  Venice,  for  pilgrims  978 

GardineryLt,'Gen.SirJokn,m9mo'irt»iAS\ 
Gascoigne,  George,  peiiion  against  941 

Sir  mUiam,  and  Henry  V.47J 

Gataker,  vitrified  walls  of  69 
Gavelkind,  privileges  of  409 
Gawsworth  Church,  paintings  discovera 

628 
Geographical  Society,  anniversary  65 
Geomeirie  Design,  exemplified  1? 


Index  to  EssaySy  Sfc, 


677 


Germany f  news  from  528 

rambles  in,  50?  616 

— — —  well-conducted  railways  of  51 1 
GibbeSf  Sir  George  Smith,  memoir  of  305 
Gibbon,  Mr. Benjamin  Phelps,  memoir  of 
439 

tJie  Historian,  unpublished  let- 
ter of  274 

Gibson^  Benjamin,  esq,  description  of  an- 
tiquities, sculpture,  &c.,  near  Rome 
354;   death  of  394;   memoir  of  552 

Gillies,  Dr.  and  the  Marseilloise  Hymn 
274 

Glasgow,  population  of  185 

Glasgow  University,  re-election  of  Mr. 
Ahsoii  629 

Gloucester,  Earldom  of,  on  the  descend 
of  412 

Dukedom  of5\l,  6\9 

Glover's  Roll  of  Arms,  temp.  Henry  III. 

631 

Godefroi,  Bp,  of  Amiens,  story  of  124 

Goethe,  his  opinion  of  Lord  Byron  59 

Cold,  discoveries  of,  in  Australia  184, 
309,  490,  643 

Goldsmith,  Dr.  death  of  48 

Goldsmiths,  Year-marks  of  305 

Gome,  Thomas,  seal  of  157 

Gospels,  representation  of  272 

Gothic  Art  in  the  mediaeval  court  at  the 
Exhibition  h^\ 

Gowrie,  Earl  of,  and  his  son  Patrick 
Ruthven   180 

Gray,  Capt.  Charles,  memoir  of  95,  106 

Greene,  Capt.  IV.  Burnaby,  memoir  of 
542 

Grenville,  Lord,  and  Bp.  Copleston, 
friendship  between  360 

Greshum,  Sir  Thomas,  betrothal  ring 
of  300 

Grimsthorpe,  e reded  by  Charles  Bran- 
don Duke  of  Suffolk  156 

Gryndnll,  Archb,  bis  letter  on  the  altera- 
tion of  the  Calendar  454 

Guildhail,  Ball  given  by  City  of  London 
at  185 

Medal  of  Queen  Victoria  612 

Gunlhorp,  Dean,  Deanery  at  Wells  built 

by  301 
Gulch,  Rev.  Robert,  memoir  of  549 
Gutzlqff]  Rev.  Charles,  memoir  of  658 
Gwyn,  Madam,  death  of  34 
^- —  Capt.  Thomas,  father  of  Nelly  36; 

s*'e  Nell  Gwyn. 
Haddon  Hall,   Archeeological    visit    to 

407  ;  history  and  architecture  of  ifr» 
Hadrian,   Emperor,  Roman   Wall   built 

in  the  reign  of  383 
Hare,  Archd,  Life  of  Sterling  601 
Hainault  Forest,  to  be  disafforested  421 
Halket,  Gen.  Sir  Alexander,  memoir  of 

542 
Hall,  Lord  Chief  Justice,  anecdote  of  13 
Hailiwell,   Mr.   Collection    of    Ballads, 

Proclamations,  and  Broadsides  522 


Halpiny  Rev,  Nick,  John,  memoir  of212 

Hanover,  news  from  642 

Hapsburg,  Rodolph  of,  statue  of  509 

Harding,  mayor  of  Bristol,  Who  was  he? 
290 

Harewell,  Bishop  John,  Chancellor  of 
Aquitaine  486 

Hartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire,  ar- 
chitecture of  487;  staircase  489)  Mu- 
seum and  Library  494 

Harwich,  investigation  of  the  late  elec- 
tion 307 

Hawkins,  Comm,  J.  Croft,  memoir  of  656 

Hay,  ReaT'Adm.  Lord  John,  memoir  of 
427 

Hayes,  Sir  Thomas  Pelham,  memoir  of 
542 

Head'piece  of  steel,  chased,  of  16tb  cen- 
tury 70 

Heathcote,  Adm,  Sir  Henry,  memoir  of 
430 

Heavenly  Host,  representation  of  22 

Heidelberg,  news  from  283  ;  museum  of 
antiquities  at  286;  relics  of  Eliz.  of 
Bohemia  390 

Helm,  unique,  of  temp.  Richard  I.  639 

Henning,  Mr.  John,  memoir. of  213 

Henry  i.  anecdote  of  63 

Henry  J  I,  anecdote  of  63 

Henry  Hi.  stilyard'  weight,  temp,  of  640 

Henry  ly,  antipathy  tolawyers  475 

Henry  V.  birth  of  624 

HenryVL  legal  historyof  the  reign  of  475 

Henry  Fli.  visit  to  York,  1487,  352 

— ^^ letter  of  459 

Hepburn,  Sir  John,  adventures  of  637 

Heraldry,  true  use  of  295,  515,  631 

Hereford  Cathedral,  memorial  window  in 
311 

Heretic,  an  eccentric  124 

Heroic  Epistle  \o  Sir  William  Chambers, 
who  was  author  of  46 

Hervey,  Lady  Caroline,  lines  by  Voltaire 
on  226 

HiU  Court  Church,  crystal  cup  found  414 

Hill,  Thomas  f^right,  esq.  memoir  of  326 

Historical  Materials,  accessibility  of  3 

—  questions  relating  to  Wth  cen- 
tury  290 


consequences  of  a  mistake  in  a 
nameAHS 
Hobart,  Sir  Miles,  who  he  was  227,  377 
— -^—  descent  of  the  family  of  382 
Hobson,  Paul,  family  of  12 
Hogstraten,  Jacob  von,  character  of  500 
Hohenzollem,  Order  of,  adopted  by  Prus- 
sia 642 
Holand,  John,  Enrl  of  Huntingdon,  seal 

of  71 
Holbein,  his  share  in  Wilton  House  64 
Holy  day  Yard,  situation  of  2,  106 
Holy  Land,  Pilgrimage  to  the  275,  636 
Home-made  Spirits  in  BofidBill,  74,  183 
Hepe,  Rt,  Hon.  Charles,  memoir  of  649 
Hops,  Excise  duty  on  308 


678 


Index  to  Euayh  ^e. 


Houtetteads  (Borcovicus),  ruini  of  503 
Hull,  increase  of  population  185 
Hunffer/ord,  Alice  Ladyy  trMj^edy  of  625 
Hunter^  Sir  Claudius  Stephen,  memoir 

ol  H8 
HiiHtiriMdoM,    UanS'FranHt    Earl    off 

buri.ti  place  of  175 

John  Earl  of,  seal  of  300 

Hutte7i,  Ulrich  von  249,  342,  497i  594 

HuUou^  aiiecdute  of  387 

H^ile,  Chancellor t  repartee  of  13 

IckUn^ham^  Kumaii  aniiquities  at  72 

idiot  Hoy,  fuuii(la(ion  of  the  poem  112 

Jfitl,  pillar  at  29B 

Income  Tax,  Select  Committee  on  73 

Infant  Schools,  ori:;iit  of  450 

Inhabited  House  Duty  Bill  182 

International  Copyright  between  France 

and  England  0*27 
Ipswich  Corporation  and  the  French  Re* 

.fufi'tfes  1 G5 

mcetiiii;  of  Brit.  Aisoc.  at  175 

— iVerw  Grammar  Schoolj^TSt  stone 

taiti  185 
Ireland,  Eiwumherpd  Estates  Lieases  Bill 

\S2:  wnrkhuuReR  ill  183;  depopulation 

of  184  ;   luillini;  interest  in  307 
Irish  Council  Hooks,  gleaningf  from  569 
Isca  Silurum,  visit  to  415 
IsiH,  TeMplt'  of,  demotishci!  355 
Ide  of  Wight,  srct  of  Pouletiste^  and 

l*n*.fjil«'-.  ill  (ill 
Italy,  news  from  75,  419 
Ithacians,  The,  condemnation  of  124 
Jaffa,  niedioival  state  of  279 
James  II.  Set-ret  Service  expenses  of  137 ; 

oriiciiial  letters  of  374;  attempt  to  pack 

a  Farliameiit  615 
Jardine,  Sir  Henry,  memoir  of  433 
Jarvis,  Lt.-CoL  George  R.  Payne,  me- 
moir of  4;{3 
Javnultcy,  Madame,  memoir  of  663 
JfffreyH,Lord  Chief  Justice,  letter  from  67 
Jenkinson,  Sir  Paul,  family  of  12 
Jews,  Oath  of  Abjuration  Bill  183,  307 

I  he  Church  and  the  121 

John  of  Gaunt' s  Palace  at  Lincoln,  re- 
mains of  522 

Johnson,  Dr,  Samuel,  decayed  gentle- 
woman mcntiitned  by  226 

Johnstone,  Rev.  Mr,  built  the  first  Church 
in  Aii'^tralia  144 

—  Hr,  Edward,  memoir  of  436 
Journal  of  Sacred  Literature,  new  serifS 

Jug,  li-athcrn,  used  by  miners  407 
Jupiter  and  f'ulcan,  an  altar  to  507 
Kasxiteron  nf  t  In*  Greeks ,  im  the  4 1 1 
Ken,  Up.  and  Cliarlr'i  II.  1)8 
Kcnilu'orih  Church,  sculptured  doorway 

at  O'-IO 
Kenntdy,  Dr.  James,  memoir  of  205 
Kent,  rondiKM  of  the  gentlemen  of,  temp. 

James  II.  615 
Kenyon,  Hon,  Thomas^  memoir  of  649 


Kidd,  Dr.  Johm,  meiDolr  of  544 
Kilcoleman  €^stU,  metal  caps  dbeorered 

70 
King's    OoHege,   Londmif     scholanliiiN 

founded  689 
King's  Sombome  Scboolt  5S 
KingstoH'tipen'ThaimeSf  kifi^  crowned 

at  125 
Kinross,  Roman  eoini  diieovered  697 
Kinsey,  Rev.  ff^m.  Uorgsm^  ineiiioiroir95 
KnatehbuU,  Sir  Johstf  extrmets  flrom  MS. 

01615 
Knepp  Castle,  destruction  of  40 
Konig,  Charles,  esq.  memoir  of  435 
Kossuth,  irisit  to  England  530 
Kyhett,  Thomas^  who  and  what  he  was  3)1 
Aamps,  terra-eotta  179 
Langham,  Simon  de,  benefactions  of  474 
Langton,  Dr.  Robert,  portrait  of  640 
Lansdowne,  March'nen  of,  memoir  of  91 
Lascelles,   Rt,  Hon.  Wm.   Sautidert  & 

memoir  of  193 
La  f^arr,  badge  of  the  fiimlly  of  49 
Layard,  Dr.  discussion  on    bit  nsmoral 

of  the  Assyrian  sculptum  301 
Layton,  Roger,  executed  at  York  953 
Lee,  Mrs.  Harriet,  memoir  of  396 
Lee  Family,  of  Hart  well  Htftrse  489 
I^eeds,  increase  of  populaiion  195 
Leicester,  increase  of  population  195 
municipal  fraiicbiiei  iUuttrated 

from  the  archives  of  344 
Leigh  Court,  collection  of  pictures  at  411 
Leighton  Buztard,  memoir  on  the  anti- 
quities of  417 ;  reftorationof  the  CiMt 

418 
Leuchtenberg,  Duchess  tf,  memoir  of  81 
Lecer,  Dr.  J.  C.  W.  teatimonial  to  699 
Lewes,  Priory  of  St.  Pancras  aty  dlKO- 

veries  in  41 
Lillierap,  Rear'Adm.  JamseSf  nemolr  of 

321 
Lima,  salveri  from  70 
Lincoln,    increase    of   population    185 1 

Jews'  houfte  at  399 ;  Mint  wall  at  599 
Roman  and  other  antient  ft* 

mains  at  522 
Lingard,  Rev.  John,  memoir  of  383 
Lions  on  the  shield  of  the  Kisig  qf  Mng* 

land,  origin  of  633 
Literary  Gazette,  alteration  In  599 
Liverpool t  Earl  of,  memoir  of  539 
-^— ^    royal    commtstloneri    of  the 

Great   Exhibition  at  185  ;  Queen  Vic- 
toria's vi<it  to  530 
Llandaff,  Bp.  CopIe*lon's  reformation  hi 

the  diocese  of  364 
Loges,  near  Fecamp,  Roman  aniiqoiiict 

discovered  338 
Lomberdale  Hail,  collection  of  antiqnl- 

ties  at  407 
Londesborough,    eacaration    of    barfwa 

near  5S2 
London,  City  of,  eatalofoa  of  antlquhitg 

diieorered  in  999 


Index  to  Eisays^  ifc. 


670 


London  Citizens^  entertainnaent  of  Monk 
by  ihe  34B 

■  French  visits  to,  gratis  168 

Lopez,  Gen.  NarcisOf  memoir  of  538 
Louis    XVlll,    residence    at    Hartwell 

House  490 
Louis  Phi  Uppers  reception  of  Mr.  Pf^yen  618 
Louvre,    new    rooms  opened  containing 

sculptures  523 
Lower,  Dr.  and  Nell  Gwyn  138 
Lunaticsy  humane  treatment  of  513 
Luther  s  propositions  condemning  indul- 
gences 598 
Lynn,  hospital  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen  at 

161 
MacGregor,  Sir  John  Atholl,  memoir  of 

196 
Mackness,  Dr.  James,  memoir  of  206 
AfacManus,  his  escape  to  (California  309 
Mainmdy  Serjeant,  MS.  of  13 
Malcolm  J    Vice-Jdm.  Sir  Charles,  me- 
moir of  431 
Matichester,  Queen  Victoria's  visit  to  530 
Mansion  House,  conversazione  at  55 
Marathon,  spear-heads  from  179 
Marchant,  NatJianiel,  works  of  612 
Marie  Antoinette,  marriage  of  573 
Marlow,  Great,Church,  monument  to  8ir 

Miles  Hoban378 
Marriage,  Law  qf,  in  the  Romish  Church 

119 
Mary  of  Scotland,  signet  ring  of  300 ; 

rin^  with  her  portrait  407 
Mason,  Rev.  William  and  Hoi'oce  fVal- 
pole.  Correspondence  of  45 

author  of  the  Heroic  Epistle  46 

character  of  48 

Matres  Campestres,  inscription  to  386 
Mayence  Cathedral,  and  its  monuments 

617 
MedicevaUrt  in  the  Exhibition  o/*  1 85 1 , 

579 
Melville,  Robert  P^tsc.  memoir  of  191 
Memphis,  temple  of  Serapis  near  393 
Merewether,  Dean,  memorial  window  to 

311 
Merovingian  Cemetery  at  Envermtu,  re- 
lics from  180 
Metamorphosis  of  Apuleius  563 
Metropolis  IFater  fVorks  Bill  73 
Michell,  Lt.'Col.  Char  let  G. [me  tno'ir  of  200 
Muidleton  by   Voulgrave,   opening  of  a 

barrow  near  408 
Mildenhatl  Church  and  Chamel  72 
Mile   Castle,  near  Cowfields,  excavalion 

of  50.') 
Milton  8    Works,  in    verse    and    prose, 

errors  in  I  GO 
Mind  and  Matter,   reciprocal    agencies 

of  395 
Minerva,  bronze  figure  of  71 
Minninglow,   examination    of  a  barrow 

near  409 
Maris, Lake,  Chev.  Bunsen's  lecture  303 
Moir,  David  Macbstk,  memoir  of  208 


Monk  and  the    Restoration,  documents 

concerning  347  »  anagram  on  495 
Monmouth,  Duke  of,  and  Nell  Gwyn  34 ; 

MS.  note  book  of  166 
Montagu,  Duke  of,  creation  of  289 
Montfort,  Henry  Lord,  memoir  of  86 
Monumental  Slab,  found  near  Rome  355 
Monuments,  Ancient,  on  the  preservation 

of  301 
More,  Sir  Thomas,  bed  and  chairs  of  415 
Morgan,  Lady,  errors  of  66 
Morison,  Major- Gen.  Sir  ff^illiam,  me- 
moir of  90 
Morley  Church,  windows  of  4  in 
Moule,  Thomas,  esq.,  memoir  of  210 
Muller's  History  of  Grecian  Literature, 

translation  of  2 
Municipal  Franchises  of  the  Middle  Ages 

•344 
Names  and  Arms,  comparison  of  412 
Naples,  news  from  184 
Narhorough,  camp  and  church  417 
National  Education,  improvement  in  49 
Navigation  Laws,  address  to  the  Crown 

on  307 
Neill,  Dr.  Patrick,  memoir  of  548 
Nell  Gwyn,StoTy  of  33, 136  i  letter  from, 

to  Madam  Jennings  37  ;  will  of  139 
Nepaul,  news  from  420 
Neville,  Ralph  de,  Bp.  of  Chichester  39 
Neweasile-on'Tyne,  increase  of  popula- 
tion 185 
Newcastle -under- Lyne,  burlesque   cere- 
mony at  410 
Newcastle  Society  of  Antiquaries,  meet- 
ing of  640 
Newry  and  Morne, discount, memoir  o(  86 
Nicholas  of  the  Tower,  the  ship  called 

416)  nut  a  Bristol  ship  517 
Nicol,  William,  esq.  memoir  of  549 
Nicolas,  Sir  H.  and  Prince  of  Wales's 

Plume  620 
Nieoiina,  Notes  upon  291 
Nineveh,  renewed  excavations  at  393 
Norbury  Church,  chancel  of  408 
Norfolk,  Thomas  Duke  of,  letter  of  450 

Duke  of  letter  of,  in  1572,  562 

Norfolk  and  Norv^ich  Arekaologicai  So- 
ciety, anniversary  of  416 
Northumberland  House,  admission  to  55 

— ^-^— Earl  of,  death   of,  in 

1489,463 
Norwich,  St.  Andrew* s  Church,  stained 
glass  in  414;    8t.  Martinis  Church, 
damage  to  310 

foundation  of  the  Missionary 

Society  at  265 
Nottingham,  increase  of  population  1 85 ; 
Saxon  weapons  found  at  640 

,  St.  Ann's  Well,  gold  ring 

found  640 
Oates,  Dr.  Titus,  story  of  Charles  II.  1 1 
Oaths,  old  verses  of  338 
Ogilvie,  Lady,  anecdote  of  70 
Oken,  Prqfessor,  memoir  of  646 


II 


680 


Index  to  EitayM^  Sfc. 


w 


I 


- 1 

.1 

J. 


OldMd,  Mrs.  parentage  of  2S6 

Order  of  Merits  required  in  England  531 

Organ,  Air.  J,  Gothic  font  designed  by 

584 
Orleans,     HenrieiiO'Jnpe    Duchess   of, 

death  of  116;  comments  on   death  of 

287 
Orton   Sear,    Westmerland,    antiquities 

found  68 
Ostrich  Egg,  mounted  in  silver  999 
O' Sullivan,  Rev,  Dr,  Samuel,  memoir 

of  438 
Oiway,  the  poet,  the  death  of  137 
Overborough,  Roman  station  at  641 
Owen,  Rev,  Dr.  and  Mr.  Baxter,  anec- 
dote of  12 
Oxborough  Hall,  embattled  mansion  of 

417 
Oxford,  University  of,  prizes  65,  175  • 
Oxfordshire,  monumental  figures  found 

in  640 
Oystermouth  Castle,  repairs  of  30] 
Paganism  and  Christianity  1 22 
Palgrave*s    History   of   Normandy   and 

England  234 
Palmer,  Mitjor-Gen,  0.  memoir  of  92 
Paris,  )>lundered  by  the  Danes  236 
Parke,  Sir  ff^lliam,  memoir  of  433 
Parliament,  proceedings  in  72,  181, 306 ; 

prorogued  by  the  Queen  308 

the  session  of  1628-9,  227 

Parliamentary  Robes  for  a   Prince  of 

IVaUs  148 
Patent  Law  Amendment  Bill  308 
Paulus,  Prqfessor,  funeral  of  507 
Paymaster- Ceneraly   letters   relative  to 

office  of  339 
Pelham,  badge  of  the  family  of  43 
Penn,  William,  original  papers  about  257 
— ^  Mr,  of  Stoke    Pogeis,  sale  of   the 

pictures  of  167 
Perret,  M,  C(»llections  of  drawings  393 
Peruvian  Antiquities,  specimen  of  67 
Peter  Bell,  foundation  of  the  poem  112 
Petrie,  Mr.  at  Holland  House  62H 
Petty,  Sir   William,  biographical  notice 

of  571 
Peutinger,  Conrad,  writings  of  596 
Pharmacy  Bill  1 82 
Philippa  of  Hainault,  Queen,  restoration 

of  lomh  of  584 
Phillips,  Richard,  F.R.S.  memoir  of  208 
-^^—  Thomas,  esq.  memoir  of  655 
Pilgrimage,  to  the  Holy  Land  S78,  636 
Pilgrim's  Signs  640 
Pistrucci,  Mr.  Waterloo'medal  of  61 1 
Platouia,  IVells  of,  opening  of  393 
Porters,  miMiiorials  of  the  226 
Portmanmote  of  Leicester,  Laws  of  tha 

244 
Portsmouth,  increase  uf  population  185 
Portugal,  Isabella  of,  miniature  of  299 
Pottery,  of  Bristol  300 
Pouletistes,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight  627 
Pope  Alexander  IK  bull  of  1261,  407 
Power,  John,  esq,  memoir  of  92 


Poyntx  Chapel,  pavement  tiles  at  414 
Prayer  Book,of  Elizabeth  of  Bohemia 89 
Prerogative  Office,  fees  of  the  380 
Preston,  increase  of  population  185 
Principalkies,  representation  of  the  S9 
Proeoliiia,  Roman  station  of,  ruins  of  381 
Prussia,  Prince  fFiUiatm  «/,  memoir  c 

537 

'  news  from  643 
Quarterly  Review f  assumed  typopmphia 

error  in  523,  562 
Quillinan,  Edward,  esq,  memoir  of  438 
Radford,  Rev,  John,  memoir  of  661 
RaUway  Audit  Bill  73 
Raleigh,  Sir  Walter ^  1  ife  an  d  senricei  of  171 
History  of  the  World,  copy  whid 

belonged  to  Eliiabeth  of  Bohemia  391 
Rawlinson's,  Colonel,  diacoveriet  893 
Ray  Satiety,  annual  meeting  of  1 76 
Ray  or  Wray,  Lord  Chief  Jusiice,  paient 

age  of  12 
Record  Offices,  management  of  3 
— memorial  on. the  ■ubjce 

of  admission  to  8»  165 ;  answer  of  ib 

Masterof  the  Rolls  880 
Reitz,  Heinrie,  works  of  70 
Religion,  History  of  the  Articles  of  173 
Repton  Church,  architecture  of  410 
Reuchlin  Controversy  497 
Rheinzabem,  stamps  and  mouMf  diwea 

ver«d  69 
Rhodez,  historical  error  connected  will 

a  Bishop  of  483 
Ribchester,  quern  found  at  67 
— —  inscription  on  an  altar  at  64 
Riches  and  Love,  lines  on  450 
Riddall,  Gen.  I^dHam^  memoir  of  433 
Rings, — with  the    motto  _im§i     rted 

omnia  67;   of  Mary  of  Scotland  15* 

of  the  town  of  Droit wich  71.  300;  Si 

Thomas  Gresharo  and  the  Duchess  c 

Buckingham   300 }    with     portrait  c 

Mary  Queen  of  Scots  407  i  signet  c 

Tho.de  Roggieri  639;  gemel,  iuserib« 

Ave  Maria  640 ;   with  the  posy  TW 

pour  bien  feyre  640 ;    with  the  pot] 

Aton  cur  avez  ibid. 
Ripon,  Meeting  of  Architectural  Socic 

ties  at  177 
Rising,  Castle^  Norfolk  639 
Rivers,  Rev,  Sir  Henry,  memoir  of  489 
Roberts,  Mrs,  death  of  35 
Roche,  Mr.  rejoinder  on  Bossuei's  Lattci 

390 
Rochester,  Earl  qf^  deathbed  of  389 
Poems,   infurmatioi 

about  Nell  Gwyn  from  469 
Rogers,  F.  J,  S.  esq.  memoir  of  389 
Rogerson,  Joseph,  esq.  memoir  of  395 
Rolla  converted  to  Coristianity  937 
Romm  Caput  MumdU  picture  on  panel  6; 
Roman  altar  to  Apollo,  diseoTered  67 
Roman  and  MedCaval  AiUlqmiHae^  Caia 

logue  of  298 
■■^^^^^  RensMtnB  ai  OtttttUma^f 

on  303 


Indtx  to  Essays,  Sfc. 


Roman  JTUigiiUiei,  diicovereil  >t  Luge* 

Silver  Cmiufravt  Nn-o  to  Stvtrus 

a  Tour  along  the 


Wall,  Notei  uf  : 

383,  503 

allarorSl.  Petcr'l, 


— dlsioveriei  in  ihe  c&lacombt  un- 
der 393,  354 
Romford  Oaireh,  munumenti  formerly 

in  4. HO 
Bemilly,  Sir  John,  aiiiwtr  (o  the  memo- 
rid  on  tbe  recorils  S80 
Acueaninion,  iniiquiiiea  found  ■(  639 
Bate  Hull,   Sifffoli,   portrait   of  Oliver 

CtomocllatS 
Rosa,  Dacid   Robert,   etg.    memalr    uf 

54  j 
Raw,  Lord,  Iiii  Soiree  55 
Rellingdean,  relic  of  Limoges  enamelled 

wurk  fgunil  at  MO 
Rouen,  Oiker'i  occupaii^n  uf  336 
Rmtndeh,  at  Fcuit  irecicheti,  remarki  un 

66 
Rovley,  qfBritUl,  yeiifne  of  416 
Rjigal  Academji,  exbibiiion  ol  the  55 
Rogat  Society,  eleciiiin  uf  fellows  Hi 
Royal  IMlea  of  Peerage  ail,  619 
Rumiold,  and  Rye  Huute  plot  16 
fiuiA.  George,  etq.  memoir  of  S03 
Ruoiin't  Slonet  e/ Venice  130 

Rmtell.Mi^er-  Gen.  Leehmtre  C.  mem<nr 


Saxr-Coburg  Kahary,  F.  G.A.  Duie  of, 

memoir  u(  -IS? 
S-ron  Chitjiaiu,   The  (a  Poem)  ^4 
SaroH  Antlquilien,  fouud  at  Stow  73 
Saion  Rurial-ground.  eicarHlion  al  531 


Seatland,  vi'ritieiJ  foria  in  69 

Qrdnante  Survey  of,  slnle  of 

Ibe31l 

Scbuol  Eil8blii!.menl  BiinSj 

Ui.iveriiliei  Bill  181 
Scott,  Sir  David,  memcir  of  317 
Scoll.    G.    G.   mudel  of    Si.   NiihoUs' 

rimnb,  Hamburgh  584 
5ea/>,memorJ«lonihe  making  of  ufliFial 
iealilem|<.EIii.  «?;of5irJobnP<lliam 
(witli  engravJngt)  43, 44 ,  of  John  Earl 
uf  Linculo  at   Lutd  Lieul.  uf  Ireland 
71  -,  of  John   Earl  oF  Huntingdon  at 
Higli  Admiral  71,  300  {  o[  the  lonn  of 
UToit»i.b  71,   300,  SBBi  of  Tliomat 
Gome  (*iih  eiigraviiig)  15?  ;  of  John 
Benaitd  (surrounded  by  a  iHitled  rush) 
300;    uf  Tbomii   d<:>  Rxggieri    GSa; 
mauicti  belonging  lo  Mr.  Staniiluii 
o(  Long  bridge  300 
StbailiaHi,  ifarilial,  memoir  uf  53T 
Sedan  CAaIr,  bill  fur  Nell  Gwyn's  35 
Sedbergh,  market  erusi  at  iW 
Sepalehral  Slaii,  of  1 3th  eeiHury  7 1 
Scrapti,  Temple  if,  plearing  uui  iht  393 
Seiea,  aniic|u^  liitagiio  found  at  ii39 
Sha/tctlmiy,  C.  A.  C.  Earlqf,  memuirof 


Sardinia,  newt  from  181 
Saturn,  ivory  aialueiie  of!99 
Sambridge,  Henrg  Btnme,  tea.  mcnoir 

..f  93 

GiNT.  Mao.  Vol..  XXXVI. 


SimpitiHiem,  Sir  Franeii,  memoir  of  Hi 
Slaverg  in  England,  prevalence  of  120 
Stoane,  Georgt,  not  a  barrister  S 
Smilb,  Henry,  lectorer  of  St.  Clement 

Danei  bBb 
SmUhfietd Mariet  Remorat Bill liUSOS 
Smyth,  Mr.  J,  Tal/ourd,  Bina^uir  i)l  313 
Sombre,  Mr,  Dyte,  mrmoirut  301 


Rutiia,  new*  from  183 

SAaijjifje,  buslof450 

BuleAetter,    lepulchral    inicripilon  and 

Skarcoi,  in  Sardinia,  diicovery   of  the 

alur»  found  386 

ancient  city  of  4 OH 

Ruthven,  Palriek,  infoimaiion  requetled 

Shatpe,   Mr.  C.  Kirhpalriei,  library  of 

of  3 

593 

Sheoffi,  Go,.  Sir  Roger  Hale,  meraoir  of 

Rye  Houie  Plot  15 

318 

St.  Aiban-e.  Date  of,  creatio.i  of  3Tj 

Shegitld,  inrreaie  of  population  185 

deaiboFUi 

Sheit,  Ri.  Hon.  Richard  Lalor,  memoir 

Si.  Angela,  Cattle  of,  uaJDling  by  Beuve- 

Stuttlei/,  Mrt.  Percy  B.  memoir  ol  94 

nut„  Cellini  628 

She,  borne,  St.  Mary',   Church,  reitora- 

SI.    Peter;   Chair,    intcriplion    on    S5, 

tion  >ncl  oKi'ini!  of  311 

158 

Skcidan,  Sin.  Tboma),  memoir  of  SOT 

of  lunatici  513 

Sherwood,  Mrt.  memoir  of  548 

Shovelt,  ancient  miners'  407                                      a 

Skieicibury,  iini  eiereile  of  Protettant-                 J 

7! 

itm  in  S£7,  62G                                                               1 

of  abjuration  307 

SAriBe  ol  St.  Albaii  at  CUogne  528                         1 

— aclion.  .E.in.t 

Sidnet,  Sir  PMIif.  at  Wilton  64                               1 

66a  Index  to  Eiiayt,  Ifo, 

Semtritt  HouM.Tilhe  Offlc*,  diiiolution     Titramarph,  Tkt  148 


of  420 
Somerietihin,  Kpiilchral  tl>b,  Mlh  can- 

tury  71  i  rrlic)  foniJ  999 
■  Tawertqf,  rcmarki  on  304 

SmtkuioU  Cfairei,  ptiiiiings  Trum  ruuluf 

179 
Sphgiie  at   Tharia,    intiTipiion   round 

llie  Tl 
Spiigtl,  Jacab,  nolice  of  595 
Spira,  hitlurical  MEociiliiina  of  iO% 

Cathedral,  worki  of  an  in  509 

Spiritval  DatitulioH  to  England  and 

SprinK,  Tim,  mcmuir  of  HGS 
SpHngetl,  Sir  William,  oriBinal  accuunt 

of  (he  FuriUii  Coluiivl  36S 
; iarfy,   aiilolniigraiilij-  "f  SBS  ) 

Springfitld  Church,  •pUtinx  In  450 
Slat,  Juhan,  a  maitivinaliciHn  SOi 
Slaiifasti,  ot  llif  lllli  criitury  4Mit 
Slaford,  Lard,  iiieruiiir  of  iiii 
Slaffordihire,  dmi-.tiftion  nf  (lie  cuiKcntiJ 

Slaintit  Glait,  remahit  u[  niitiiiil  41 1 
Star  fflr  Sua)  and  Creictnl,  rffvici^  of  il4 
Stale  Papert  aHil  HUterieal  Pnpfrs,  dif- 

fFr.ii<'eli«I»e<-ii.-i 
Slate  Pap^r  Offiet.  i 


Thacteraif,  Mr.  at  Oxfard  638 
ThMifiri  CKunk-ltimtrMW  uf  alb 
Thorda,  Sphyni  found  »t  7  I 
ThomeycT^,  Cenrge  Be^j.  fq.  M«( 

of  20! 
Tidenhnm  Chatt,  alUr  diieovercd  at 
Tieek,  CkrUtianFrtd,  mrlaoiioii\% 
TimbtT  Archet,  CDnatTueilon  of  G8 
Tithe  Qgice,  Semereet  Houta,  dimdu 

of  430 
Tbbacca-plant,  tint  inirodueed   lo  1 

tugal  SSI 
Tbriei,  Iriih,  praeUnMiinn  Micatiiit  i 
TtrringlaH,   Lord,   bit    corcrnncul 

tejliin  7S 
Tower  of  linden,  priianer*  in  (he, 

munttrance  froin  61 
Tmrer  Armoury,  addition  lo  G39 
Towers,  Church,  in  Sumenct  304 
Tremaiint,JthnHaarle,e»q,  memBiruf 
TVeiff,  Porta  Mifri  of  99B 
Tucker,  Htnr)/  St.  Gtargt,  ny ,  nn 

of  -iOi 
Tumtall,  Sir  Richard,  (;1iai-ac(er  of  4 
TurHlntll,  W.  H.  D.  D.  library  of  bS 
Tulbury  Church,  Rrclii(«cturc  i>f  401 
Tyndatilt  Pfem  Tetlament,  firit  act 


4rcl.il/clure   tf  Ore, 


Sterling.  John,  liiiiKraphy  of  UOi 
atevmrl,  Hon.  Edward  H.  minniir  of  i 
Stilyard  weight,  temvWiW.K  liiO 
Sloekdale,  John,  buoktellcr,  letii  r  iif ! 
Stow  Church,  CO.  LuicJii,  rrsloraiiuii 

I7J 
S(ouf<»^ji),Cii.SufFr.lk,SM«iiaiilic|iiv 


Sundag  School,,  i.iixiii  uf  ISI 
Supenliliim,  si-i^ular  iiitranre  uf  lA 
ISuperttllio'i  aud  Sarea'p  12;i 
Surrey,  nc.v  CimntyGx<i\tiir  4'il 
Suntea:    Arehoiilogieal    Soclelft,    atinual 

m<'rtiii|['>l417 
Saner  Arehtrologg  39 
Swaffham  Churth,  iiiiiU|iiiiU'i  al  4l'i 
Swil:erlaad,  iiew«  fnim  1114 
^moRi,  Rec.  Jelineer,  incniair  uf  'i\  1 
Tablet,  carved  alaiaiter,  ICiliceiKury  C7 
Taddinglon,  batruw  npiiieil,      "      ' 

410 
TaJbot,Adm.Hiin.SirJoh«,mtnia\t of '^i^ 
7'ay/Br,5irffoi«-t,(iiraci  from  will  of  IGl 
Teniton,  Aip.  aod  !Vell  Ovyn  na 


n  303 


II  434 


7V*«»,  Mr.  fVillian 
United  Slaltt,  iiawi  from  7S 
falla,  Laurentiui,  work*  of  &BT 
Vaudey  Abbtg,  mint  ol  154  ;  •kmiu'i 

M  I5G,  !94 
Vinice,  Ruskin'g  Stuixt  uf   130;  |in 

■t.>ii  fur  ]iilgriiu*  a(  ;74,  SulO 
Viateria,  or  journey iiigi,  colleelian  •! 
Vietoria,  Queen,  ai  Guildball  ISA 

progreii  ( o  Bal  niur<il 

viii(  lo  ManchctlBr 

LiviTixiol  5.10 
Nitrified  Furit  G9 

Votiianer,  niraiiiiig  of  ilie  word  6S7 
n'atei,  Prine*  rf,  partiaiDciitiry   ro 

for  I4H:   plume  uf  5S7,  630 
fValti,  proposed  ilallKieal  aurvey  of 
Wallti'i,  Mr.,  vihiliition  brui  6m3 
ffalpole,     Horace,    and    Km.    ffPiU 

.VsMH,  oorrHipondcnrauf  4S|  polit 

npliii'.nt<.r48:  ami  Juoiua  161 
IPaligngham,  Sir  Francu,  niipublii 

lL-(l«r*  of  4I>3,  454 
Wallham  Abbey,  tarly  liiiiti>ry  of  S90 
/Faltham  and  Epping  FtreM  480 
tVallan  in  Gordmo,  aoeiant   ducuM 

b-longinf  (D  300 
Ifalltn-i  Complele  Angler  S34 
ll'audtworlh,  Ntm  Surrey  OmitmMgGiu, 


mplrltd43l 

id      Wameferd,  Dr.,  tcholanhipa  founded 

6S9 

lf'anciciiAln,BriiiEb,ItovMii,  Rumi 

Britiih  and  Saion  rtiDBiDi  funnd  | 

IFar»iekthiTWMkd  Nvrth^mptwm  JMk 


Indux  to  Bookt  ReeUuisd. 


aid    A'xhueet,    Saeieliei,    |>f(Jce«linBi 

180 
WaniiickthiT*  Tektru  164 
Waihinghn,    General,    maiiuoieiiU    or 

aiiceiliiri  of  640 
ffntehtt,  unlqu*  cutUctlaii  ur^uu 
Water  for  Ike  Melropath  BUI  73 
Waltm,3l^tr~GtH.  Sir  Hetuy,mtmuit 

pf433 
Wraima,  of  iIie    Oellie  and  Teatonic 

(lihFs  ai ;   d(  flinL  mid  iinnc,  terUi  of 

aSKl    niicieiit.  fuunil  near  Duiivegnil 

Cmilf   179 
tfelU  Cathidral,  Hrchilrctun  at  301 

Deanerg,  arcliiiecdire  of  3(1  f 

81.     CalUtTfl,    tootr     of    304; 

psinliiig  in  521 

ffelu,  HUltry  tftkt  Canmi  o/'303 
WeUeoo^i  Uemotri.  edition)  of  LG6 
J^mAam,  I.illU,  urchileclure  ol  tlie  Hall 

of  399 
»ij(mJ««<r,LuildiiielUec1ork-hau>e  at 

473 
Walminiter  Abies/,  mniiunient  lo  Rt. 

Hon.  Cliarl»  Bulkr?93;   iDimument 

of  Queen  Phtllppi  of  Haltinull  5^4 
Witt  Sitxon  KingdotH,  conquest  of  305 
Wegland,  Theauu  dr,  anerUate  nt  4;4 
Whattltff  totd  Caplettm,  wurki  uf  364 
tniffltr,   dfrivaiioii  of   ibe   wurd    404, 

Bl6,  6ii 
White,  Rev.  Seville,  dcAth  of  106 
WInltet,  mineral  Oltlrict  oI  141 
fVieihamplan  Chnreh,  mural  |>alnling  at 

414 
ffigen,  iwcttMt  of  popuUlioti  185 
Wilbrakam,   Little,   Anglo-SiKoli    orna- 

ii>eiii>  nriil  n«>puns  fuiiiiil  at  5S!,640 
William   IIU  CeiigiKTiir,  jiennies  ut  6B  ; 

■lalue  at  Falilie  649 
IHnsfieU,  Bnuk,  liUturlcal   nieiiiDlr  of 

407 


ll'illiam  III.  fareirell  (o  llollnnil  IT 
/fihoa,  JUr.   Daniel,  dtf_ret  of  LL.D. 

coLferreil  on  637 

Charla  Henry,  Polyiiilhe*  563 

HUlBa  Home,  buildiiis  of  64 

Windier,  m»iiNg  of  Rajal  Agrloullural 

Sociffiy  at    IB5 
ff^nltr,  T/iBTMai,  mtmoir  nt  G6S 
nirtuwnrlh,  Butii|uillei  ol,  aiicl  Blandaril 

dith  al  Moot  Hall  407 
WiiemaH,   Cardinal,    and    St.    Peler'4 

Ctinrr  159 


fforktep,    Cbm  Bxcliange,  i 


6IG 
f^ertaae,  Herr  J.  J.  A.  Order  uf  DaiiliD- 

brog  conferred  on  4S0 
Wrajeall,  rollur  uf  broiiie  fuund  at  S95 
Wmltmlerg  Tragedy,  Tfie  343 
Wycliffe,  palitnpK'Bi  psiiilii.g  of  640 
rfykeham,    tfilliam  V,   liuuieUolU.es. 


. of  30& 


-cbar 


'(»rof*75 


Wyuiandlmst  ChHreh,  nolnriei'  mnrki  if- 

flieil  Eo  dredi  nt  180 
If^Sfoa,  Wiltiam,  and  hid  workt  609 
Ilia  InlecTiew  Mitb  LOult 

Philippe  G13 
Vart,  Cardinal,  Iml  and  mi're  of  «T 
Yart,   Maniiipal  AreUiiei  of,  cxtrtet* 

from  a5Jr4S9 
York.  ri^ttelUttd  pAvenicntd)> coveted  on 


Cbe 


V  Hill  4 


ibc  city  of  466 
—•-  increiie  of  pupulmtoii  lOG 
Yotkihire  Rebeilien  in  1489,  59,  4119 
Yarkiklrt,  enctvaiiau  of  barrowa  in  iSt 
KiriiAIre  and  Linmtnihlrt,   Archittc- 
tural  Sucieliei  meeiliig  I7T 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


jtgrievllure  and  Ihe  PrBeirii  ^' Arttand 

Mnm/aclvra  in  ArWmn  4IH) 
^ri^'niftureniulfVer7^'nd(.Lelieraun169 
^terman,  J.  Y.  Sprlns  '''de  &S1 
jtlitoH.A.  Secuiid  Refurmaliun  294 
Almaaaci,lke  Bookofi',\ 
Ancient  Briloni,  The.  Hale  174 
Anlignottiktu,  IVatulalitn  ^  CIO 
Anlii/ailia  of  't'rrtut,    Mia/enee,    fflei- 

taiten,   NiedtrbM-er,   Bmi,  and   Co. 

hgne  SSFT 
A/iitleiiu,  Meliiinarpboait  «f  563 
^rehaologieml  ImtUnte,   Willchire  He- 

laoin  of  634 


Jrliclee  a/  Religion,  UiMory  ^Ike  173 
Babbagt,  C.  I1>e  Eipuiilicin  of  H&l,  i7 
Satylm  and  Jenualtm,  639 
lindeley,  J.  Ageiiciea  of  Mind  and  Matter 

on  Iris-iiily,  395 
Bagtier'e  Library  edition  of  ibe  New 

Teslameni  SSJ 
Greek    SepluaBint  Venion  ot 

Ibe  Old  T«tBm«nt  Si.J 
B^llt  Abbey.  Chrenlcleofsa 
Beale,  £.  /.  W»i  of  Heallb  59 


Index  to  Bookt  RevuKad. 


Bell,  }.  G.  Catalogue  of  Wurks  illut. 
iraied    by  T.    anJ   J.   Boick,    ITIi 

Tracts  relaliug  to  Top^Tcrapby,  His- 

tary,   Dialecia,  &c.  ol   Grijat  Dritaiii 

394 
Bewick,   T.   and  J,   Warki    llluslrated 

bv  171 
litckerstelh,   Jiet.   Edtfar^,  MciDuit  of 

Billing;  R.  W.  Pawer  of  Vwtra  in  Geu. 

Geomi-'tnc  Design  17 

BiegTopkical  and  Gtnealogical  Mlas  596 
Uirki,  Rev.  r.    li.    Memoir  oF  &:y.   ^. 

Biekersimhafil 
Bowdler,  Hev.   T.  Tl>ougl.ti  on  Cuiifei- 

tiun  ui(]  Absololion  523  tament,  amj 

Bewring,    E.    jt.    iramlatiuii    uf    tbe     Haddock,  J.  \f,  Suniiui\itnx  Atii 

Puemi  of  Scliiller  64  iim  59J 

Brmtming,  J.  /t.  Cuiirki  Ship  '2Sj 
Can  a  Clergyman  create   on  equHaile 

CAarge  on  ftii  Living  t  l()9 
Carlglt,  T.  Life  cf  Juliii  Sicrlnig  GOO 
"     iton,  H.  K.  edilion  uf  WbIcu'i  Ai.- 


FonteT,Mri.J.  Urtt  of  Paintcn,  Sculp 

tan,  and  Archiieeli  S30 
Foti,  E.  Live*  of  the  Judge*  473 
Fnele,  F.  fV.  Sermoiii  preacbcd  at  AmM 

bury  IG9 
Glmiaty  of  Termi/or  ArUelet  af  Drm 

and  ArmoHr  400 
Go^i  Judgnanli  on  7Wd  emnMOii  Sim 

169 
Coeike  milk  JScterman  and  Serrt,  Can- 

vcraaiioiiB  of  58 
Grant,  J.  Mcmoin  ut  Sir  John  Hepbarn 


Greek  Lexievm  af  th»  New   TVwtaiMM 
Greek  Sepluaginl  yertien  ^IktlM  A*- 


b1«  524 
ChemiUrg,  Principla  i/  B33 
CAorea  Sancti  VUi  iU9 
Chrutian  Ckurch,  Hiilory  aftlie  G30 
*  Christian  leonographi/  5*J5 
Vkurton,  II.  li.  If.  Lmii.I  of  iIjl-  Mom- 

in;:  CJi; 
CompaTiiom  ^  my  Solitnde'iH 
Con/tiiion  and  Aluolaiion  in  the  Cliurck 

ajr  England  Hi 
Contnetudinee  Kancia  403 
Convict  Skip,  anil  EriKland'-^  E^Kilct  ?9S 
CoHviclitn  not  Converiion  ItiS 
Coplcilen,  Blikop,  Memoir  a/3.'>7 
Cottage  Ilnntelaf  England  406 
Crait,  G.  L.  Itislury  uf  tlie  lliigli'li  Liin- 

gunge  634 
Cyslal  Palace,  Slull  we  korp  the>  169 


Darling,  J.  Cm  a  c 
et|iilt»l)1e  Chargi^ 

naaa.Rev.ll.  iliii 
CHiioii  49 

-Ilinls 


ergjiiMii  c 


Hate,  Ra:  P.  Plea  for  Arcbb.  Tcnitou'i 

Library  S94 
HaU,  H.  B.  Wed  uf  EiiglanU  and  tb« 

£>bibtiiuni<f  lHal,40« 
Halley,  B.  Inquiry  into  tba  SacraiaaBU 

631 

llamerton,  P.  G.  Obierratiunt  on  He- 
raldry 395 
Hariljvick,  Rev.  C.  HUtor/  of  the  Afti- 

tieiof  Kcligioii  173 
Ilaiiwell  HBnit,  BuekiMghamaUn  487 
Harvey,  lUii.R.  SeriDuni  on  keepiD|  the 

Liird't  Day  994 
Hnirlkoine,  G.i?.  Uoclrine  of  thBTiinilj 

168 
Hayman,  Rev.  S,  Account  of  the  preMBi 

State  'if  Yuughal  Church  IT4 
Hend,  Sir  G.  Melttuurpbubii  of  Apuleiol 

563 
Heplum,  Sir  John,  Memuiri  of  636 
Heraldrg,  Ohternatimie  on  895 

/onttded  vponjaelt,  63 1 

Hgmnftr  all  IVationi,  1851,  57 

Ida  de  Galii,  a  Iragedy  uf  {"uwyi  Cattk 

534 


r>4S 


cuUr  fiis 


Decorative  Aria  o/'lke  Middle  4gee  63 
Denham,M.A.    Slugaiii  u(  (lie   Njrib 

..fEngUiidoSa 
DEgneoart,  Mr.  7'.  Eusliice  ,>'J7 
Didion,  M.  Clirisiiuu  Icoii.,(;rai'Uy  :.« 
Doctrine  of  the  Trimly  16D 
Dometlic  Arihiteclurr  in  England  397 
Drummond,  H.  Flea  f.^r  Ihu  Itighig  and 

Libetliet  of  Woman  16H 
Englhk  in  AmtrUa  297 
Englieh  Language,  HUtarg  q/'635 
Kiiairocalion,  Treatite  an  171 
HHslaee.  ar.  Mleg*  3'7 
Exhihilion  Prize  Eetay  :.J 


Jonee,  liev.J.  On  Agriculture,  Arte,  i 


Korner,  Tkeoilar,  iraniktion  frooi  Work 

uf3y4 
Landa/tke  Aloming,  63S 
Law$  «f  lUaitk  m  relatim  la  Mimd  *m 

Body  ^S 
Lags  and  LtgenJe  tf  tke  IVew   ffbrli 


Index  to  Books  Reviewed. 


Life  lanirana  Ctmpaniei,  Medicat  Com. 

Lights  on  the  Altar  hi 

Lioa   Bf  Emment    Painleri,  Seu^lon, 

and  ArchittcU  6311 
Lodging-houta  AcU  699 
Logic  fBT  the  Millim  58 
Lord'i  Day,  Dulg  of  kteping  Ihe  £94 
Lmiei;  M.  A.  Chronirle  of  Bsule  AbLey 

63 
Ltwth,  H.  Genealogical  Atlti  S!& 
Lueretiut,  tmnstaiion  oF,  in   Pra>e  ond 

Verfe  630 
Lyttm,  Sir  E.  B.  Letlen  to  John  Bull, 

E'q.  169 
Macinttt,  lUcmprialt  of  Dr.  Jamtt  4oS 
ManltU,  G.  jt.  P«Erifaclioiii  630 
JUrdieal  Comblnalioni  againtt  life  Insu- 
rance Compania,  169 
Meretnelher,  J.  Diary  u(  a  Dmn  634 
Mttamarfhmit of  jfjntltiiUiitmiUtian  uf 

563 
Mittingtan,  E.  J.  ttAi\s,\M\an  of  Didroii's 

Icuiiueraphr  535 
Mitford,  Rib.  J.  Curret|iandciice  of  Ho- 
race Waljiole  and  Rer.  W.  Maton  Ab 
Modem  London  405 
Modem  Winei,  Hiitory  of  C30 
Moody,  C.  NecTvil  anient  expounded  163 
Moral  Evidtneet,  Ireaiiie  on  57 
Abvan,  if.  <^r,  theBookof  Alfilanacil74 
Rtv.  R.   W.  Ida    de    Gali«,  a 

tragedy  594 
Morning  Star$.  The  169 
Mottld,  R.  A.  Order  for  ViiJlatiun  of  ihe 

Sick  593 
MuTTay'i  Hsndbookfor  Modern  Londun 

405 
MuTras,Rev.T.B.\'bt  Cryi I al  Palace  524 
Maitum  of  Claitical  /tnliijuiiia  634 
National  Education,  improved  (yilein  49 
New    Teitament,  etgiouiiJvd   and    iUiis- 

iraled  Ib'B 

Greek  Lexicoo  630 

mcholion.  Dr.  Abbey  of  Saint  Alban'i  i 

Pa|ier>  on  (be  Relici  of  Sr.  AllMn  5£6 
Noake,  J.  Rambler  in  Worceitenhire  536 
Kormattdy  and  England,  Hitlerji  of  S:i4 
Otd  Palhi,  The  57 
Ovidt  Mttamorpboieti'ii 
Oxenford,  J.  Traiiilation  of  Caaverta- 

Oxford  Univertity  CbmmuiiMi  16B 

Univrriily  SlalKtei  5S8     * 

Falgtave,  Sir  F.   Hiuory  of  NormanJj 


Plea/or  Ihe  Rights  and  Liberties  of  Wo- 
men I  fie 
Pleasures  and  Advanlaget  ^  Lileralurt 

PlanM,  J.  R.  Heraldry  631 
Poemii,  Easayt,  and  Opiniani  168 
Pope),  The,  from  Lii.ui  in  Piuf  IX.  fi34 
Priest  MiracUs  of  Rome,  The  174 
Pycroji.  J.  W.  Oxford  Uiiivenity  qmn. 


Riley,  H.  T.  Tfaiialmioii  a  ibe   Meia- 


:  533 


RimhaHll,  E.  F.  Suii|;a  and  Ballaiia  403 
Rsbineoa,  Dr.  Greek  Lexicon  630 
RaiUn,  J.  SliniPS  uf  Veuice,  »ul.  I.  130 
Ryland,  J.  E.  irantlaiiuii  of  Antignot- 

liki.i  630 
Saeramente,  The,  Inquiry  into  631 
Sacred  Literature,  Journal  of  53S 
Si.  Jtbau-s  Jbbey  53G 
Sandys,  C.  Coiiauetudii>ei  KaiicJB  AM 
Schiller,  The  Pormi^64 
Seoll,  W.  fl.  Chorea  SaticlL  Viii   169 
Seri/ilvres,  Hiilorieal  Aeeounf  if  the  5!3 
Second  Refbrmalion,  The  294 
Secular  Inetmclion,    Hints  toward  im- 
proving 49 
SeplaaginI,  Vatican  teil  e/IAt  533 
Seymour,    Rev.    M.  H.   aceount  of  Tb«  ] 

Talbot  Cose  64 
Shaw,  H.  Ueconitivo  Arts  of  the  Middle 

Agea  69 
Shreuysbury,  Mtmoriale  d/587.  636 
5iUtiry  Hill,  Etaetination  lifSii 
aiiigam  of  the  North  qf  England  538 
Smtdley,  E.  A.  Treatise  on  Moral  Evi- 

den-B«  57 
SinUh,  C.  R.  Antiquities  of  TreTes,  dc. 


S9T 


IE  63 


d  Eng'ai 


I  334 


Parable)  o/'our  Saviour  595 
Paihley,  Rev.  W.  Mor.iinR  Stan  \6'j 
Peirce,  C.  H.  tranilation  of  Stoekliardl's 

Principle!  of  Cfaemisiry  5£3 
Peter  Little  and  Ihe  Luety  Sixpence  5a 
Pelrifaclions  and  their  Teaehingi  630 
Philotophie  Proverbiale  396 
Pidgeon,  H.  Memoriali   of  SbreHlbury 

5?T,  62 


/,  Wilton  and  ill 
Smylh,    Copt.    W.  H.   -fides   KarttFBl- 

lianie  487 
Somnoliim  and  Prychtiem  995 
Sonffi  and  Ballade  from  MS.  Mtieic  Boats 

403 
Spirit  of  Ihe  World,  and  the  Spirit  lehieh 

j.  of  Oad  57 
Spring  Tide,  or  Ihe  Anglo-  524 
Slatutet  of  the  Univereily  of  Oi^/brd  538 
Sterling,  Join,  LifeofiJOO 
Steeenion,  L  W.  Cottage  Homea  in  Kng- 

land  'lOii 
Sloekkardl'e  Princlplei  of  Cbeoiiilry  593 
Slonet  itf  Veniee,  »ol.  I.  130 
Stranyt,  R.  A.  Lodging  llouiea  Acta  629 
Suiter  Archaoloffy  39 
Jblbot  Cue,  The  64 

Tenuon'i,  Archb.  Library,  Plea  for  294 
Thombury.  G.  (f.  Lays  and  Legends  2!)4 
Trerm,  Mayence,  Ice.  Antiquities  of  247 
Tupper.M.  P.  A   Hymn  for  all  Nations, 

1851,57 


OBS  Index  to  Numtt. 

T^Hr,  PhilotoiiUie  ProTHbUle  a9&  Wft^Eugland  mad  Ik*   SvMNNi 
3Vnfr,  T.  H.  Domestic  Architecture  397  IBSl.iOU 

Vcmey,  Ladf,  Hiuti  on  Arithmetic  630  lI'AijA,  Sm.  J.  C.  Bihlbttioa  Prias  1 
Vagaa,  Rev.  T.  S.  L.  LLghlaonthe  Altar,  87 

57  WildFloyjtri  o/Enfltmd  mmd  ffWf* 

Walfurd,  Rn.   WUtiaai,  Autobiograpbr  IVilti,  G.  A.  P.  Ths  FapM  694 

of  110  Jf'illianu,  Rn.  J.  Oloiiaij  of  Tntn 
WalpvU,  ff.  andhitContemporuieiiMe-         Dreu  and  Annonr  400 

iDoiro  43  WUlmolt,  Rtr.  R.  A.  Fleuam  of  L 
BttdBtv.  W.  Maion,  Correipond-         ture  995 

«acc  of  45  Willon  nd  ilt  AtioeialioMa  63 

IFa»oii'i  Comfltlt  AKfltr,  b;  CanitOD  WiOihira  Mtmiln  tf   tkt   JT*\m 

AS4  raf  IiutilaU  6J4 

WartuTlm,  B.  Mcmo[ra  of  Horace  W>l-  ^'tmtn.  Right!  and  lAUrtif  ^  II 

pole  IJ  Worenttnhiri,  RambUr  in  5>8 

Wahon,  Rm.  J.^.TranBlationofLucre-  JVordnmrIk,  tFif JiaM,  Memolra  of  ] 

tiua  630  yaugAai  Ckurek,  Acomuit  of  174 


INDEX  TO   NAMES. 


i»,  iVff  ri.iri...,  Htilht,  Mirti  .iir<.  and  DriUit.— 

p  pirrcJiaf  Initri  to  EtHfi. 

Abrrrromby,  Hon. 

Albert,    H.    R.    H. 

AiidretTca.G.T.aiS 

Arm,  Cwdinal 

Mrt.  5,i3.     M.C. 

PriNteSJJ 

Andre*.,    G.     813. 

of  448 

189 

Alburiy.  J.H.  .»7 

H.  314 

A  buy  lie,     Couulcsa 

Aldrr,  T.  M.  G48 

Aiimslry,  P.  C.  IBG 

S.«;0 

of,  533 

Al<lricb,M<ijur3l4. 

Aiitiiii,  LadyH.  US 

Ar(hr<dl,r.G« 

AcUiid,  J.  bbi.  M. 

!■.  S.  S36 

Aii-tey,  T.  32d 

Arihiir.M.  IM 

■US.     Mri.A.7ii. 

AlvKAiider,  Comm. 

AiiGlic.-,  M.  .SS9 

Aruuil(UndS« 

Ac:luii,C'.  4'J4 

N.   3ia.     V.  M. 

Aiiluiiiades  Y.  S3G 

Karl  III  3 18. 

Adam,  Rl,  H..11.  Sir 

64G.    H.331.    H. 

Apliii,  C.  D'0.441 

H.  5«1 

r.  434 

T.  314. 

Ai.|.leb».  M.  A.  107 

Aahbiirohaw, 

Adama,  F.  M.  *i(i 

Alitoii,  A.  64r..     J. 

A|>|>leyard,     R.     H. 

K.SS3.    S.J 

J.  C.  53^    Mri 

446 

.llli.     H.  P.  G4B 

Albr,  E.  D.  11 

G.  4^3.     T.  44<i 

Allmi.G.  IU3,  644. 

Apllii-rp.  W,ll.4S< 

A.hlon.RJJM 

T.  C.  (t«S 

M.S.  IB!) 

Archer,  Lt.  T.  312. 

Atlrtt,CBl.T. 

Adaniiui.,  S.  79 

Allen,  Cap.W.E. 

Mr..  E.  4K2 

Aipinall,  N.  II 

Addama,  J.  bSb 

H.  313.    E.S36. 

Archibald,  n.  334 

Aatley,  C.  109. 

J.  B.3I4.    J.  L. 

Ardeil,    C.   M.    80. 

6«« 

H.  188 

446.    J.W.64G. 

Rl.   Hon.  M.  E. 

At  rrtw,  M^ 
SIB 

M.  L.  99.      Mr>. 

don.   Udy,   101. 

I8t> 

T.  533.      Major 

W.644 

Atharton,  W.< 

Addington.  Hon.  E. 

W.  W.  .131.      N. 

Arnle.,  M.  483 

Athill.M.  4tt 

331 

B.  314.     R.  313. 

Argyll,  Duke  of  644, 

Atktn«,CSH.  1 

Addi>,Lt.E.B.3ra 

W.  J.  fi44 

SS6 

AildiKin.Mn.l'.S'iO 

All(ord,W.  IBG.G4G 

Ark«ri)[ht,  Mr*.  P. 

Aikinton,    C. 

Adkin.J.  W.  Sai 

AllJion,  E.  3J4 

ia7 

4as.   E.  IH 

Asiie».LM)yL.G46 

Allix,  E.  P.  536 

Arm>tagr,lI.UG6i 

847.    U.k. 

L.  0.  &3(i 

Allporl.J.  P.  4f« 

Armalronf,    Cap). 

Adhill.  R.  IB], 

Aikdi,  G.  M.  S35 

Allied,  T.  U.  433 

N.  3S9.     H.  W. 

W.  UT.  us 

Ambury,  E.  tlO 

G44.  Mr.8l7.  W. 

AtiKood,   Mm 

of,  423 

Amedrua,  C.  C.  4J3 

A.  435 

330      ' 

Ainiter,  F.  648 

Anders..n,A.VV.G44. 

Aniaud,   M^ior   H. 

Aidwrt,  S.  4n 

Aii»lir,M^jorH.F. 

C.yjb.  Dr.  J.9H. 

H.&35 

Aul4o,M.ui 

3U 

E.443,  R.C.1B9. 

Arn-y,  Major  C.  A. 

Aattan,  J.  6*4 

Air.,,  Cai-l.  J.  T. 

G.2IH.  H.E.79. 

I8G 

AmUd.MImK 

644 

J,  4-2\.     P.  446. 

Arnold,  C  M.  ISB. 

Hn-  M.  S34 

Airlie,  Earl  of  647 

W.  0.  77 

G.    P.   534.      H. 

Awd»,  B   ? 

Ailon,  J.  T.  aS3 

Andoe,Li.J.H.S33 

M.  316.    M.IB9. 

1^7  M  J^ ; 

Akara,  E.  443 

Andrew,E,M.L.43S 

Mr..H.  IB7 

A.6M 

J. 

J.C, 

.Ali 

1 

Burr,  J. 

M. 

536 

Sue. 

III,  F. 

H. 

M7. 

Biiri,  B 

;.  F 

.SB 

S. 

Btrritt, 

s. 

91B 

B.dUM.y, 

A. 

101 

,M 

-S.JB 

B*d< 

^ley, 

Dr. 

i.  c. 

Barren, 

H. 

A.434. 

/ndw  to  Namei.  68' 

AyliiiCi  H,  313  Birnard.  Ckpl.  E.    Bfulsy,  S.  S&a  Bewickc,    E.     188. 

Babiiigtoii,  L.  Sie.       186.   J.3B0.    M.    Beck,  Mrs.  S.  &a6  Mrs.  C.  S33 

M.  D.  3S7  71.   H.  B.  101        Bi^ckai,  M.  67)  ItUbeim,  J.  E.  33a. 

Biichr,  J.  79'  Bcrnei,  F.  80,  64S.    Beckailh,  H.W.43S    Bickfciletli,  H.  80. 

Back,M.446  J.O.IOS.  M.A.7B    BeiMcll,  T.  Ge6  K.  ti4& 

Backhouse,  A.   i9.    Barnctt,  C.  444  Beafunl.MiiiH.a.'O.    Biddulpli,  Msjur  T. 

E.  6<>6.      J.  79.    Baron,  Dr.  J.  S68  W.B.  K.  6-17  M.  IBS,  (>'I4 

"     "  fledii.gfcid.A.C,6tl6    BiJgoiid,  H.  F.  393 

B«cham,  A.  665         Biedermno,  S.  99 
B^cli^y,    l.iipl.    F.    BiKnell,  Comm.  G. 

W.  186  31^ 

B..et,  J.447  BiiiKlfy,G. 101,318. 

655  T.  336  Belaud,  A.  S&6  W.  C.  W.  330 

Btdge,  W.  U.  335  Bariingiuii,  J.  10(1  Bell,  C.  h.  187.  Blrcii,  Mojor-Oeo. 
BadRer,  W.  D.  444  Barrow,  E.  646.  L,  Dr.  C.  S55.  J.  B.  H.  SS3.  8. 
Bidham.C.  78  558.  U.  444.  M.        IH(j.     J.  S.  557.       334,  i»9 

Bagr,  R.333  A.  L.  188  L.  434.     Viii.  B.    Bird,   G.   339.      J- 

Bki>I,C.S.434.   C.    BBr>y,A.43i;. M,ES^         644  44ti.        M.     55S. 

W.  539.     F.  IB7-    BHrsiow,  K.  567  Btll<iiri,  A.  415.   D.        M.  A.  664.  S.3I8 

Hon.  W.  4<iB  Barter,  R.  78  U.  (i46.     B.  189     BIrkbeck,  H.  80 

hniUy,  E-  4i4.     J.    Barlli<i>p.  W.  316       Bcllniny,  (i.  64£         Blrkelt,  R.  33T 
648.     K.  B.  333.    BirUttl,  U.  C.  Slfi.    BellwuuU,  W.  064       Biiliup,  P.  H.  64i. 
S.  B.  189  T.  53S  Brliie,  Mn.  C.  919         W.  C.  313 

Biillia,  U.  P.  648.    Bariley,M. 334,443    BaiiFdicii,   Mr.  W.     Blank,  A.  £36 

E.  314  Birlon,  B.  5M.  H.        b5S  Blukburn,  J.  444. 

Baily,  J.  431  C.  493.  J.iia  Bunnell,  G.  E.  10:1.        J.  1'.  315.  6.  S39 

Bail),  W.  R.  313  Barwlae,  E.  M.  4^5  J.  444.  J.  D.  Blacker,  F,  E.  434, 
painbriggF,  W,  H.    BMi*U,J.436  671.     Mn-Si.J.        M.  M.  4M 

189  BaiUrd,  Li.  R.  3l^       tUti.     S.  J.  333      Blickni,  D.  C,  670 

Baird,  D.  434  Balcheldor.T.  SO       Be»w(i,  J.  77.    S.    tllaokdmie,   A.  M. 

Baker,Dr.E.C.SI8.    Buchtllnr.S.  441{  lOU  533 

H.IB8.  H.W.433.    Bathurit,  C.  D.4^a    Bent,    H.    C.    536.    Blaekwell,  J.K.  644 
J.44S.    Ll.-Col.    Ball,  E.  U.  6:i3  J.  M4  Blain,  J.  633 

W.  r.  103.     M.   BalWrib>,T.D.U.    Benili->m,     G.    7T.    BUir,  H.  77,    Mn. 
565.       Mn.  668.        532.      W.S13  M.  A.  443  J-  646.  W.  P.  BT 

W.J.  r.  435  Baliuie.Hajor.Qfn.    Beniiiirk,  Capt.  A.    Blake.  J.  SIB.     M. 

Balaaoi,  M.  A.  636  W.  653  C.  1  k6.    Mai..i  H.        A.  33U.     V.  1 8r 

Baldry,  A.  IBB  Bally,  R.  443  J.  W.  313  Blakar,  J.  330 

Balilwiii,  A.77-    J-    Batlya,    E.   W.    J.    Beiiilty.  G.  J.  333.    Blakcv,  R.  H,  313 

648  314.    M.648  J.    C.   5.^9.      K.    Blakiai II.H,7a 

B*lfuur,UJyB.646    Bauu>sarlner,Capi.         E.  316  UUn.l,  O.  551.      H. 

Bal<,J.564,  R.  186,       R.J.63I.    E.J.    B«iiHell,  H.  664  D.  99.     H.  O.  E. 

187  534.  Mrt.H.A.78    Bvrttfuid,    E.    1$.        GGS 

Ballnlnp,  J.  J.  313      Baiendalr,  U  79  Lady    187.      Lt,    Blandrutd,       Mar- 

BiliDtt,  M.  A.  647  Bauer,  R.  536.  W.  R.G53.  Mn.  0.  cbii>nea.  ur  G4B 
BamU'-r,  E.  558  313  del*  P.  633.    ftl.   Blaiiili*rd,  Lt..Cul. 

BaiDlitId,  B.  A.  L.    Bay ts,  6.  316  Hun.L.  Viit'leii       T.  IBG 

333  Bayley.J.  3S8  33 1  Blat.lyre,  Lady  SIS 

Baniiier.W. 78,633  Bayly,  C,  H.  1*9.  J.  llt''k«I''y,  Mn.  C.  BUuplel,  Mra.F.B. 
Baiikart,  S.  S.  433         J.  L.  SO.   U*u«..       R.  433  568 

Bailki.S.77.  W.98       Cul.  R.  lOS  Berrf,   E.   F.   313.    HUadcii,  C.  671 

B.<niier,  F.  333  Saynal,  Hun.  Hn.        J.  W.  M.  536         Bleaymire.  T.440 

Banriirniaii,   R.  A,       R.  L.  4S3  Btrryman,    J.    W.    Blene»«f,  J.  666 

332.  W.  665         Baialieite,  Him  C.       hih  Bleiikin,  J.  330 
Bnnioii,  P.  533               331                           Beril<^ii,  E.  103  Bliai,  A.  446 
Barber,  E.   103           Beaebcroft,  R.Sli;      Bmi.  C,  P.  647           BlUiard,  M.  433 
BiTclay.Mn.  H.  P.   BMdncll,  J.  918         UciUII,  J.  671  Blulteld,  F.  G.  31T. 

)BS.K.78.  W.3I6  Baadon,  F.  F.  IS  Beil.un.-.    Mrt.    D.  M.  C.  918.     T. 

Barfl^ld,  J,  339  Beag<ii,G.  931  1H8.    M.  A.  .-158  C.  645 

Barbam,  C.  398  Baall,  F.  H.  444  B^ii,  T,  J'i9  Blumhvl.l,  Mn.  J. 

Bu-kcr,Capl.  H.  F.  Beamao.H.H.  IHB  B(van.   P.    K.  436.  187 

333.  J.  666  Beatty,  E.  664  U.iy  A.  E.  339.  Blow,  J.  B» 
|i«rkwatth,S.M.IBT  Beaurort,D.A.3l5  T.  215  Kluck,  E.  636 
Burlaw,  E.  188.  U.  BMononl,  B. S3U.  B.veridRe,   J.   E.  Blueit,  J.  101. 

671.   Hrf.S.39l        J.iMB.  J.A.  187       i34  C46 


Rm.  J 


688  Indue  lo  Jfamai. 

Bluntisli,   Cipt.  it,  Rr«dbury,  A.  536  Brudhurtr,  E.C.3I6  Bulleji,  H.  P.3, 

557  Bcadfurd,  Capl.  W.  Brudrick,  M.  A.  314  Bultivaut,  J.H.< 

Bi>Je,MiisS.U.IO!>       H.  312  Brogdeii.E.U.S.eiiT  Bullock,  J.  6«i 

Bi'ille,  R.  334  Brxlitli,  W.  4S5  Brumliy,  F.  W.  (148  Bulmaii,  A.  G.  I 

Bnldcrr.,  C.  444  BruilUy,  F.  M.  &S4.  Brum6i!ld,W.A.b'6i;  Bulpell,  G.  547 

Bulilbu,  W.  ISH             M.  435.    R.  G69  B  r  am  ley,  V  ire -Ad  in.  Bumttttd,  J.  7: 

BolUnd,  H.  J.  64T  Bridihnwe,C.M.4!3        Sir  It.  M.  313  Bunbury,  A.  « 

Bultun,  H.  A.  I{j»  Brah&m,  M,3I»  \V.  Bruuk,  C.  66G  Bunny,  G.  IBS 

Build,    M.  A.  648.       S.H.  187,319  Urnul,t,  E.  103.  H.  BurbidgF, J.CTC 

Mr>.  A.  533  BrslihoHite,   C.    J.         F.  b'US.  W.  670  313 

Butie,  J.  99.      M.       80.  G.  la:.  J.  B.  Brui,  T.  a^T  Burchcll,  W.  C4 

E.  4S6                            535  ItrutliEriun,    A.    H.  Burcfaelt,  J.R.4 

Boiiliam,  Mri.  ;8  Braiue.  B.  33Z               436.  J.  644  Burde(t,H.L«dT 

Bunifitce,  Mr>.  330  Brammsll,  J.M.G66  Br<>uglitui>,A.L.G7  I  Biirford,  A.  H.I 

UuiiEon,  Mr>.J.a3.t  Bramwirll,   G.    389.  Brown,  A.   B.  53'J.  E.M.33I.B.S 

fiuiiiiiie,  W.  C.314       G.  W.  W.  4!il             A.  H.  C.434.  Cul.  Burgei.  L.  K.  I 

Buuker,  C.  F.  64!>  BMncli,  A.  J.  53G.       P.  644.  F.  J.  189.  M.  330 

Buur,  B.  SG9                  Ll.  J.  P.3ig               G.   It.   4!9,  645.  Burfrt!ii,Ca)>t.8.4 

Bouib,B.648.  G.436  Brat>(lR.  E.  3JG               II.G.  S3].  J.SI6.  E.  J.  314 

Buothhy,  Ci|>t.  W.  Brandram,S.C.6uT         L(..Ci>l.  A.  3IS.  Burg b ley, Lad*  t 

44^.     W.  K.  64i;  BrniidreUi,  C.    80.        U.-Col.T.G.313.  313 


Bor»Mon,G.44l 

Cul.  T.  A.  5i6.  E. 

M.  103.  R.  N.  U. 

Bu.^i.,J,  R.  « 

Burtunvs,  E.  533 

C.  189 

187.  r.  333.   W, 

Bur)royii»,F.O.I 

BosanquEi.Mr..  J 

Ur»iillll,E.J.M.  188 

533,606 

Burke>,C.B.C.I 

W.  533 

Br*i.forJ,H.44'.'.T. 

Browne.     A.     338. 

Bosc«»en,J.E.97 

44U 

C.436,445.  C.G. 

Bur.iiby,T.«M 

J.T.  313 

Brasher.  S.  B.  536 

315,   316.   E.  C. 

Buriie,  Ur.  J.  49 

Bu>»fll,  J.  h.SH 

BrBy,J.670.  W.W. 

334.  E.  E.  315.  F. 

Burueit,  Cuna. 

Buui'hfr.  J.G.  £1.'>. 

3-il 

P.  B0.J.444,5J6. 

F.l86.H.R.r.: 

J.  S.315 

ll»d«l,  C.  A.  '.'3^ 

J.  C.  79.  J.  R.  98. 

J.  F.  445 

B^u]',H.444 

llrcdiii,  A.  N.  313 

R.  645.   W.  64-,, 

Burney,  V.  U.  01 

Buulil.ee,  S.E.  648 

lire.-,  8.  F.  S.  3^7 

Hru»nei,  R.  664 

BurrcB,  Mr.  ilt 

Boufchier,  C.A..V)4 

ltr.^mcr,Cniil.H.44.'i 

BriiiirtiiiiE.A.H.648. 

BurridBP,  E.  SM 

B.mrdilloi.,  K.  77 

Brrmuier,  Li.  A.  It. 

C.L.  317.11.  Ills. 

188.  J.  s.  at 

Bu>irnt!,     Capr.    H. 

4J5 

M.  E.  436 

666.    T.  187 

Bre>icliley,M,R.I8!) 

Bruce,  E.  434.  H.S. 

Burrow,  C.  C.  S. 

Bi)uiie>d,H.39l 

Breridun.W.S.  66H 

64H.  Hoii.  F.  431. 

Burr»wM,A.H.I 

Bou.eiit,  UAy  J 

llreliloii,  M.  554 

Mrs.  3i9.  R.32J. 

Burtsn,  E.  A.   4 

31.T 

BrL-ll,Capt.J.l>.313 

Ri.   Hon.   Sit  J. 

H.  A.  434.  J. 

B..wden,  S.  80 

BruKL-r,  .U  556 

L.K.S3I.  W.77 

495 

Boii.dler,My..GBii 

Brc-tler,  J.  IHf) 

Bruire,  H.  S.  558 

Bu«h,  A.  101.  J. 

H.44I 

Brki-,  -S.  33.i 

llrufiM,  A.  435 

Bu*bby,  B.  «4T 

B»«en,  Mxjur.Gpr> 

Brickeiidell,  K.  331 

BruHu,  C.  .S36 

Bu«be)l,  M.  in 

H.667.     Mri.F„ 

Bridge liHiii,  J.  441 

BruHikill,  C.  3.(3 

Buihnall,  T.  H.  1 

L.6e7 

Krlde'i,  II.  66.'> 

UucHeucli,  l)uu'he» 

Bulk,  C.J.  64T 

BuwsM,  T.  S.  534 

BriBK.,Dr.W.  .S,'i5 

«l  JI4 

Bu»ell,F.7«.J. 

Bune.,  E.  5.  Sir. 

Itrij-ln.Ur.  .I.7K.F. 

Ilucliiiii,  J.  1)7 

187, 53Z 

Bowi>',M.V.  K.314 

l89,.l.n.jaj.T. 

liufhaiianii,  E.  33J. 

Bu»i.rd,  D.  330 

Boxkvr,  A.5S5 

43.1 

Mr.666.  N.S.4:i4 

Buichir,  G.  313 

Hu-I«,  E.  A.  &j;. 

BriK>i>>cl><'.G.A.i)3.i 

Buck,   .Mri.  a.  S30 

Builer,  B.99.  Ci 

F.M.4Z5.     M-. 

»rimaco.i>b(>,  J.  II. 

Buekh.m,  J.  533 

T.531.J.9B,5 

Jor-Geri.  G.  186 

447 

Huckiiiglii*niBl>ire, 

J.  H.4S3 

Bo*l^y,  C.  667 

Brine.  Caj.t.G.313. 

E.  A. .!.,».  CV.I 

Rulteraeld.C.K 
H.  216.  W.  41 

BuwmMi,  J.  664 

E.  432.  Li.  U.  A. 

ol,  667 

Bowua^,  MiisM.A. 

426 

BuckU>i<I.J.  IMOO. 

Bul(uii,Dr.O,p.4 

670 

Brinklfy.  W.  S.  4*4 

Mr*.  330 

Bom*,  F.  313 

BrLscce,  \V.  553 

Buckle,  llr.B.T.533 

Byra.,  J.  435 

Buyte,   G.    F.    444. 

Brite.C.S.  I81f 

Ituekley,  J.  S.  331 

Byroi.,  Hon.  F.  ) 

T.  W.  436.     W.  Briliiiii.J.  4SJ  Biigg,  li.  440  CJopin,  Lt.-C. 

F.  SI8  Brilteii,  J.  M.  557  Kuiiion,A.C.U.44'.'          Hon.  E,  M  B« 

Buycull,MrB.T.».'3  Bruadlry,  Mii<  668  Bull,  J.   103                    Adm.  E«rl  oTI 

Buyd,  J.R.B.435  jtriMidwotKl,J.S.335.  Bullfii,G.79  Cainei,  R.  P  441 

Buyer,  C.  556.  J.  79  Mn.  U.  F.  3r4  BuDer,  Caul.  S.435  CrIbbv,    M>lnr  < 

Boyle,  C.  A.  L»dv  Brocklebi.iik,W.664       Dame  li.  L.  670.       644 

S5H.  Ban.  Hn.K.  Btocklehuni,  E.  80       M.  lOS.  Un.  J.Y.  Cdder,  F.  Sis 

533  BruckwcU,H.W.eTO       646  CalludartAB. 


Calluni,  Mr.  881 
Callhrop,  R.  666 
Cn  roll  ridge,  Duke  of 

644 
Csmrron,  Dr.  G.  P. 

S31.  H.  31B 
CHmmillcri,  Comm, 

J.  313.  E.  eti 

C»n>p^BHe,  t.  447 
Campbfll.A.  SfiS.C. 

«S3,  €69.  Cannn. 

C.  Y.  17.  Cdmm. 

W.  S7I.   J.  431. 

Lt.-Cul.    J.   9ia. 

M.  646.  M«)arK. 

317.  MlnE.  M. 

669.Mn.S33.8ir 

A.  J.  77.  T.  646. 

W.  B.  O.  446 
Csmpe,  C.  6411 
Candj,  Mr«.  J.  389 
Clniilng,  E.  A.980 


Je<i,L.6 


.  R. 


W.  IH6 

Cmtw,  Lord    53S. 

Mri.W.H.P.lB. 

R.  B.  4?e.    R.  H. 

433.  R.  S,  Biron 

644 
Ctrej,  C.  330 
Carlyuii,  O.  M.  635 
Carman,  W.  IBS 
Carpenter,  A,  B21 
C»rw,  R.  R.  4il 
Carrull,M.  IBB.  M. 

E.  79- 
Carter,  G.  189.     ■>. 

77.    J.  ■M6.     Ll. 

1.311.  Mr(.443. 

R.   B.   .153.     W. 

F.79. 
Carllar,  A.  (83 
Canwrlgbl,  A.  G59. 

E.eO.    J.  H.1B7. 

T.  217 
Cnrut,  W.  648 
Csrvlck,  T.  M.3J0 
C>r<>iil)ei<.H.B.lB9 
Carv,  W.  334 
Cai^,  J.  A.  536 
C'skell,  F.  645 
Caille,  W.  66« 
Cantro,  S.  ile  553 
Cnthcurl,  I.  P.  334 
Calbrr,  J.  488,  645 
Catluw,  J.  333 
Catt,  H.  314 
Cxiermole,   C.  M. 

436 
CJHi.Tion,W.M.S19 
Cililey,  J.  G.  314 
CaulHeld,  E.A.  189 
Care,  E.  A.  19.    L. 

T.  483.    S.H 

OiHT.  Mao.  Vol- 


Index  to  Name§. 

689 

Cavfll,  M.  66a 

CUrk,  A.  485.     J 

Collinetoii,  Capl.J. 

Chadsey,  J.  558 

F.  4S3.     S.  189 

W.644 

Clifl[|»ick,  R.  534 

Clarke,  A.  648.     B 

Collii.||woiid,F.493. 

Chaff.y,  G.  T.  668 

J.  78.    C.P.  919 

L.  F.  aii 

Cli.lk.  R.G.  189 

E.A.as9.    P,  H 

Collini.T.  186 

Cl>aituii«r,    N.    B 

559.    J. 333, 667 

Collvrr,  D.  4U 

665 

J.  F.  las.    J.W 

Cullyiis  J.  M.  £«S 

Ch«  Idler,       Lieut. 

64a.     L.  A.  188 

Cotqulioun,  Mra,  H. 

Col.  J.  A.  644 

L.  J.S.31i.     R 

101 

Cbamberlayiis,  W 

668.   T.  313,  333 

Coliman,    C.    493. 

564 

Clarki.011,  A.  990 

L.I.  79 

Charoberiin,  A.  668 

CUtworlhy,  W.9I7 

CeUille,  Lord  818 

aaylon,  Dr.D.581 

C„mbe,  M.  988 

T.  79 

E.  B.  t!l 

Compton,  Lord  W. 

Ch-imr,   M.i<.r   T 

CUgllor.i,Lt.G.S5a 

499 

6S5 

ClelsHd,  A.  428 

Cumyii,  H.398.    8. 

ChaiDperJiuwiie,  H. 

Clerk,  J.  316.     M 

647 

lOl' 

647 

Cnnily,  Capt.  O.J. 

Cbomiilun.MaJDrJ. 

Cliffe,  C.  P.  SSg 

533.     N.  M.  101 

G.  644 

CHffurd,  C.  T.  817. 

Coney,  T.B.B39 

ChaD.pney..W.W. 

Hon.  Mn.  Ag3 

Con.y«,T.ileV.645 

644'^ 

Clifton,  G.  109.     L. 

Connop,  U  E.  79 

Cbaiidler,  J.  554 

P.  660 

Connor,  W.  SB 

Chaiidlw,  T.  431 

Cloetc,W.J.D.3U 

Cnn»l1y,A.M.  990 

CbaiiduB,  Mirq.   oJ 

Cluie,  P.  A.  JB 

Conry,A,G.A.B36. 

£47 

CloUKh,  C.  667 

J.  BSfl 

Chapli,,,  F.  (.666. 

Clubbe.W.  H.  316 

Con.t.bk,  Mi..  443 

H.  919 

Clunie,  Lt.-Col.  J. 

CuiiynBhAni,M.A.L. 

Cbi.pmiii,D.W.314. 

0.333 

534 

H.  S.    186,  319. 

Cobb,  W.  L.  B55 

Cnok.Ctni.R.  il9. 

J,  6.  644 

Ci>bbett,  E.  C.  494. 

W,  H.  80 

Charlewnod,  T.  189 

W.  G46 

Ciioke,  C.  484.     E. 

Chailton.W.  H.G45 

GubbitM.B.  A.aifi, 

990.     C.  H.  645. 

CbarnUy,  T.  446 

H.  669 

R.   100.      T.  H. 

Ctiarriere,  1..  t!9 

C<.chri.t,,Cumm.T. 

333.    T.  W.78 

CharHii|t<i'ii,M.I01 

3 IB.    T.  448 

CQohfalt*.  Capi.  J. 

186.     U.  P.  188 

Charlerii,  Lady  A. 

C«rhr»ne,B.J.a9?, 

T.  A.  339 

Coukton,  A.  M.  C. 

Charters,  M.L.  443 

Coch,0.  R.  586 

536.   G.  R.  180 

Chue,  L.  99 

Cockayne,  J.  538 

foumb,  P.  J.3I4 

Chaier,  A.  P.  78 

Coekburn.Adm.Rt. 

Couubi,  J.  635 

Cbaltertiin,LadyM. 

Hon.  SIrG.  186. 

Cooper,  C.  189.    E. 

4^3 

E.  534 

449.445.    a.hit. 

ChHumelte",  O.M. 

Cocketi:II.L.C.648. 

M.  A.   lOI.     N. 

A.  <le  la  18.1 

Lad,  670 

496 

Ch.wrier,  T.  103 

Cocketham,  H.J.J. 

Couie,  C.  P.  666 

Chenn,  A.  440 

B36 

Cope,  A.  S.  333                         | 

Cbeanej,     Lt.-Cul. 

CoBklii,  W.  645 

Copley,  B.  331             ^^M 

P.  R.  644 

Cucka,   Mm.  T.  S. 

C»qutrell,M.C.8l«   ^^H 

Cbeiihire,     H.    P. 

633 

C.    101.   ^^H 

316 

Cwl.*b«i(.  E.fl71 

lUl                   ^^^1 

Chelwodc,  H.  647 

Coffin,   E.   P.  494, 

Curiii>b,Capt.F.W.      ^^H 

Chel*ynd,Mr,.18a 

E.  8.  88 

398.    C.  S.  53e.                ■ 

CbicbMier,  R.  181 

Cuke,  Hon.  E.  49G 

L.  F.  314.    s.  a               1 

Cbildi,  T.  C.  536 

Cokef.  Mm.  tm 

445                                               1 

Cule.  E.  R.  73.    H. 

C.irnwall,Curon>.J.                  ■ 

Ml..  314 

533.    T.  P.  918 

819                                              1 

Chriitie,  C.  M.  489 

Cofrlniihnm.M.647.                   * 

CliurloM,    C.   53S. 

Lady  99 

R.9I9 

W.  399 

Cdebrouk,  J.  101 

Cory,  H.  446 

Clack,  Ll.T.  313 

Coles  A.M.  78.    J- 

Co«er>l,G.P.G.lB7 

Claphnn..        Major 

338.    L.557.    W. 

Coi<(ave,  A.  M.  80 

Gen.  W.  446 

G.  78 

Cult*tl,J.  W.  IBS 

Clepp,  M,  555 

CDllfl,  8.  G.  339 

Citenbam,   C.   B. 

Clerenduii,  daa.  oF 

CollttI,  E.  5S6 

EarioflSd                               . 

E«l  of  444 

Collier.  M.  J.  «5 

Cotter,  G.  e.  7T          ^^J 

XXXVI. 

"    m 

690 

Culton.B.  4^4.    E. 

M.  hS4.    G.  W. 

447.  M.P.  100 
Cc>iircll,G.E.64T 
Cuulioii,r.G46.  W. 

4SI,  443 
CuupUnd,  E.  53  i 
Courcey.H.  J.  P.dc 

645 
Cuurteniy,  C.    IBS. 

D.C.3I3.  J.  221 
Courlne]r,C.S.66B. 

Sir  R.  216 
Cu»entry,A.M.SI7 
CuXBii,  J.  186 
Co»iird,G.W.H.425 
Cuwvll,  M.  9!) 
Co»ie,  Mri.  J.  321 
Cowley,  Lurci  TT 
Cox,  Dr.  J.  C.  445. 

E.103.   E.E.  79- 

J.  B.  446.   J.  M. 

G45.    J.  P.  313. 

M.  618.  W.  555 
Cozen>,  J.  G.  G44. 

J.  G.G.  IBS 
Cr.bb,Lt.J,W.3l« 
CMbbe,  B.  L.  315. 

C.  315.    U.-Col. 

E.J.  189 
Cracklow,H.H.559 
Cradock,  T.  IVf.  444 
CrMB.R.  D.4ai 
Cmigie,  J.  3 14 


Craiiwnrih,Rt.Han. 

R.M.  Lord  531 
Crawrord,  P.  S.  ZIB 
trawfurd,  H.W.7T 
Crawley,  A.  6.555. 

H.  168 
CraoUy-Borvy,    S. 


Crerk,  T.  446 
Cr«piBny,l*.C.  101 
Cretiiey,  J.  330 
Creoir,  Hon.  A.  435 
Cricbioii,  Ur.  R.O. 

Cridlai>(],  C.  55S 
Criifur.1,  A.T.  313 
Cri«|>,Mi»M.A,9a 
Crockfr.E.  536,554 
Cru.  ket,J.  M.  311; 
CmckPll,  £.443 
Crude,  Mn,  C69 
Cro'lmi,  G.  333 
Cr»ri.,J.  55H 
Cruker,  K.  J.  79 
Croly,  H.L.  M.  553 

Cropper,  M.  647 
Crwbk,  M.  446 
Croti,  i.  553 


Index  to  Name*. 


Croue,  J.  B.  St.  C. 

IS6.     R.  440 
Crouch, A.  444 
Crowder,  E.  P.  445 
Crowe,  Cau(.J.  316. 

IL77 
Crowlber,  U.  M.  78 
Croitori,  MajuT  T. 

103 
CrueeGi,  R.  R.  314 
Crucitii,  R.  559 
Cruikihunk,  A.  M. 

H.  556.    M.  101 
Cubitait,  H.  535 
Cubilt,  W.  632 
Cuff,  R.  6GB 
Cuffe,  J.  312 
Cullum,  F.  loo 
CumberbRIch,  L.  T. 

318.     R.  G.  559 
CuminfC,  J.  B.  332. 

S.  443 
Cummiiie,  J.  101 
Cuiidell,  R.  330.  S. 

Cim'riii.Bham,T.J. 


Curry,  Capl.  R.  436. 

T.sao.  Vice-AUm. 

R.  186 
Cunen.Mr*.  H.M. 

533 
Cunia,  C.  4S5.     E. 

J.2Si.    H.M.A. 

435.     T.  A.  80 
Curtler,  T.  G.  645 
Cur(ui*,M>i.  E.330 
CiiKance,  Cspt.  W. 

N.  431 
Cullibemoii,  a  C. 

425 


Dacre,   CoiniD.   G. 

H.  317 
Daddi,  J.  2'2(l 
D'AKuiUr,C.E.555 
Dakitii,  E.  98 
Dale,   H.    187.    J. 

648 
Dalhoy,  Mn.  C.  78 
Dalifun,  G.  426 
Dalrymple,    M.    K. 

319 
Daly,  D.  431 
Dampier,  C,  R.  433 
Danhy,  G.  339 
Dance,  Mr.  100 
Dancer,  H.  433.  H. 

W.fi45 


4S1 
Daiiiell,  E.  T.  IBB. 

P.  H.444.  S.670 
DanuetT.UL.  648 
Danrera,  E.  F.  G68. 

F.  534 
Darby,  G.  W.  188 
D'Arcy,  H.3I3 
Darnley,  Ctcai   of 

423 
Darrali,  L(.-C«l.  N. 

L.  316 
Dar»iii,Mn.P.4S3 
DMhvri>iHl,Capi.W. 

B.  186.  H.  W.J. 

64B.  M.  E.  L.  99. 

Mrs.  H.  W.  423 
Davenpotf,  Mr.  331 
Davidt,  J.  440 
Uai'idiaii,C.M.443. 

a.  M.  330 
Daviet,  A.  189.    A. 

L.670.  C.C.3I6. 

0.8.79.  D.  333. 

E.M.331.  H.U. 

533.   J.  664.   Li. 

J.  557.    Mr«.  W. 

T.  K.  78.   S.646. 

S.   A.    333.     T. 

313.     W.  66e 
Davia,  A.  M.  553. 

C.H.  433.   E.  F. 

G48.     E.  N.  315. 

Li.-Col.H.S..'i56 
Daviinn,  C.  335 
D»w«,Ma]urW.L. 
'  421 
Dai»D>i,Capt.H'm. 

T.V.3I2.    E.V. 

189.   J.  321 
Day,  E.C.648.     F. 

535,664.  H.  187. 

J.  100,648.  J.  R. 

F.313.  Ll-CC. 

IU3.  M.  533.  M, 

A.  534.  T.  100 
Ueacon,H.C.;7.  J. 

415.  M.A.  291 
Deaiie.A.W.J.333. 

E.S.43S.  H.4'J4. 

T.  100,323 
Deam,  A.  329 
Uem,  G.  186 
De»r,  M.  670 
DrbenUain,A.A.536 
Ueedc>,E.A.B.  189 
De  Haviland,  Mn. 

C.H.  666 
DciRhtnn.C.  S.  99 
]Mir>»ie,Cumni.E. 

H.313 

Mil*  A. 


S33 
Denliy.  T.  668 
Daiidy,  A.  380. 

C.  SS7 
Dene,  J.  4S3 
Dell  man,  Hon,  Hi 

V.  W.TS 
Deniw,  J.  U.  tSl 
Driminc,  8.  P.  3 
Dent,  E.  A.  5M 
De  Rippe,  Mrt. 


Dea    Barrea,    C. 

Dubriiay,  H.  as 
De  Year,  W.  316 
D'EjFiicaurt,  L. 

T.  318 
Dial,  P.  100 
Dick,  Sir  P.  K.  3 
Dickenaan,  C.  Jl 

Mn.  P.  N.  311 
Uickina,    Capl. 

C.  483 
Diekintoa,   H.    J 

316.    J.  R4M 
Ui  NuM,Chav.l 

G.  d.  tM 
DiDEwall,  C.  S3« 
DinGiB,  C.  609 
Dinailaie,  W.  380 
Uianey,  B.  W.  U 
Dilmu,    Majiir 

53B.   W.   W.  \ 

981 
Diven,  O.  B,  981 
Dlx,  J.  IB7 
Dixon,  E.  880.    1 

A.    187.     J. n 

M.R.445.R.C.4 
Dobree.    C.  <k  ] 

3I4.G.330.H4 
l>ocker,  L.  31& 
Dodd,  J.  H.  671 
Dudda.W.  181 
Uodaley,  C.  38« 
Uodion,  C.  44S. 

334 


644 
Doran,W.44I 
Duudnar,G.D.C 
IJourIu,  Cdmm.  I 
318.     J.  J.  « 
LuljCsie.  L 
Uen.  Sir  H.  U 
l>ovc,  T.  I>.  78 
Dowdan,  H.  444 
443    '  DowdtPK,  F.  814 

DeUB«e,W.F.80   Dom,  P.SIS 


Do»ell,T.A.P,64e 
Down,  E,  S.  534 
Doi>nc,Visc>ieaiS33 
Duwney,  A.  103 
Do«aun,  C.  331 
Doyle,  MitiS.  321 
Urake,MrB.A.C.44S 
Drew,  A.  F.  646.  E. 

536.  J. 11.536.  R. 

664 
Drucc,  E.  101 
Dturjr,  F.  P.  316 
Pu  Bui),  D.  641 
Du  Cane,  H.H.  445 
Duck,  R.  333 
Dudmiti,  U  S.  493 
Duke,  J.  H.  IBS 
Uuncumb,  Hon,  A, 

644 
Duncombe,   E,   O. 

669.    HOI..W.E. 

43.'i.       L«il)i    C. 

314.    S.559 
I>unda>,  Mn.  319 
Dunlup,    C.     44 1 . 

W.  670 
Dunn,  L.  A.  IBB 
Dunno,  C.  645 
Dunniiiic,  A.  330 


Edicumbe,  P.  J.  BO 
Edcell,  A.  436 
EdmoLd),  Mn.  C. 

554.  T.H.  533 
Eijmondion,  T-  333 
Edridse,  E.  M.  670 
Edaanti,  A.L.S35. 

A,W.7T.  C.423, 

D.  77.  E.  E.  648. 

E.  M.  100.  J. 
533,  669.  W.  99- 
R.fiSS^ 

Egerton,   L>dv  M. 

646 
Egmont,  G.  J,  Earl 


EldridRS,  T.  G67 
Eliot,  C.  443 

Major  C.  H. 


313 


Ellicombe,  R.  338 
ElUul,  J.  4S3 
Elliott, A .339.  Cipt. 

R.  186.    J.  334. 

M.  333 
Ellit,  A.339.  Capt. 

W.  333.     D.  99. 
Clancuiicl,    Lord       E.330,333.   Hon. 

V.  A.  425     Hon. 

L.  A.  436.    Lt. 


Ill  die 


644 


DuiiMoiie,  E.  31 
Dunwell,  Mn.  5 
Du   Plat,   Li.-C 

G.  C.  531 
Durbiin,  S.  557 
Dwyer,  P.  53i,l 
Dyk>, 


Col.  S. 


644. 


M.  3V3,  31 

A.  648.     Mil*  S. 

B.  447.     B.  436. 
S.  I  SB 

H.    Elliion,  C.  534.   R. 


Djkei.T.  555 
Dymokp,  A.  F.  536 
Dyne,  W.  M.  440 
Dyneley,  Hon.  M. 


C.  C. 


Ead««,   Mi* 

101 
Eager,  M.  R.  647 
Earee,  W.  187 
Earle,  Dr.  F.    101. 

£.  535 
East,  F.313.  S.433 
EaBtUke,  J.  534 
Ell  I  nor,     Viic'tefl 

314 
Eaito,  T.  G.  80 
EbbarC,  Mrt.  SSB 
Eckiey,  G.  S.  331 
Eden,  A.  423.     C. 

536-     Lady   645. 

R.  433 
Edenborough,  S.  B, 

536 


339 
Elmiley,  W.  431 
EliDyn,Viie'iF(i314 
ElriniElon,  Lt.-Col. 

J.  L,  667      ^ 
Elton,  O.  E.  436 
EI<*M,  R.  433 
Elwin,  G.  S.  IB7 
Ely,  J.   Hareh'neii 

of  186 
EiDer>an,T.W.64T 
Eaunett.Lt.-Col.A. 

644 
England,  M.    SSI. 

S.  554 
EnKli>h,J.F.H.GSS. 
Erck,  J.C.  319 
Eseoit,  C.  S.  IST 
Eidaile,  J.  J.  431 
E'lell.  G.  K.  647 
Ettridgp,  C.666 
Ettaon,  W.  333 
Etougb,  Li.  H.  G, 

31S 


1 

Names. 

691 

Eviiit,  C«pt.T.W. 

Fenv.kk,   Capt.  N. 

436.      C.  K.  443. 

98.       K.   J.    646. 

D.  IB7.     F.   188. 

M.3i6                                          , 

H.F.iaa.  J.  1B7. 

Fenwkke,  E.  .139 

S.M.4S6.    W.447 

FergUEort,     A.     G.                    < 

Evereli,  C.  F.   100. 

316.    J.  M.  77         1 

E.  53G.    J.H.320 

Ferisiit,  R.  F.  9?0     _^^M 

Eve»,  E.  A.  558 

Ferrier,  M,  189          ^^^^1 

Evezard,  G.  187 

Ferris,   E.   S.  444.   ^^H 

Cvre,    E.    A.   434. 

T.43S.  r,B.  187     ^^^1 

M™.V.533.V.103 

Few,  M.  H.  1).  79    '  ^^H 

Fagaii,  G.   H.  534. 

Ffooks,  E.  435              ^^M 

G.  H.  U.433.  H. 

Field,  B.    101.      P.       ^^H 

S.  1B7.  H.  S.4S3 

656                            ^^H 

Fiee, G.  315 

Fielden,  J.  80                 ^^M 

F.g^e.  C.  559 

Fielder,  E.  331.    S.     ^^H 

Fairlea,  S.  645 

671                                ^H 

FailhFuil,  J.  J.  648 

Fielding,    A.     438.    ^^H 

Fallhorn.J.  443 

T.  H.  A.  330           ^^^M 

Falconer,   H.    186. 

Fineb,  E.  443.     R.      ^H 

T.  313 

443 

Falkiner,  R,  533 

Fineber,  L.  S.  334 

Falla.Cd.  D.  338 

Findlay,     Col.     A. 

Follo^n,  M.W.  313 

S18.     Mra.  557 

Famin,  P.  E.  669 

Firlh,  F.  436 

Fane,   F.  534.      S. 

Fiaher,  A.  a'C.  536. 

4;;4 

C.559.    C.J.  189, 

F.nilifl«e,  Cupt.A. 

Comm.    J.    333, 

77.     Mrs.  C.  533 

G.    1.    433.      H. 

FHrbrDlher,J.E.18? 

933.    J.  67  i 

Farebrother,  S.  A. 

Filxclsreiicr,    Maj,- 
Gen.  LordF.3IS 

648 

Farewell,  C.  424 

Piligerald,  C.  443. 

Fsfley,  H.435 

H.T.G.77.    W. 

F»rmar,  W.  H.  80 

187,313 

Farmer,  J.  79 

FitiGibbun,   R.   L. 

FiKiham,  E.B.316 

440 

Farquhstnon,  M.  A. 

FitiHerbert,    Mn. 

668.     S.  646 

W.  433                      ^^ 

Farran(,Mr<.H.646 

FitiJohn.  F.  433        ^^^M 

F.rre,  J.  334 

FiiamauriDe,  E.   A.   ^^H 

Farrer,  A.  E.   636. 

330           ^^m 

A.  M.  669.  R.  670 

nizpatrick,     J.    L.    ^^^1 

Faulkner,  G.E.3 13. 

Rev.  645 

Filiroy,  Mn.  F.  53$  ^^^H 

Fauni,  6.  SO 

FiliWilMam,  C.  W«   ^^H 

Fairwlt,  E.319.    J. 

Earl  644                  ^^^H 

4'J9 

FUe[nmg,A.E.314    ^^^| 

Fazskerly,    H.     H. 

c»m<i>.  ^^m 

921.     H.H.II.G. 

B.   ^^H 

33J 

445.    Mra.  T.  V/i  ^^H 

Fe«d,Co[Bm.W.F. 

^^m 

186 

Flelcher,     A.    55B.                  I 

Ftariihtad.H.L.536 

Gapi.S.  V.  189. 

Fearnley,  B.  670 

C.  U.  316.  J.W, 

FeMherslon,  J.   P. 

533.     Lady   4^3.                   ■ 

534.     K.  647 

M.483                       ^^J 

Felder,  M.  445 

Flew,  A.  w.  F.  taa     ^^H 

Fell.G.H.  187.    J. 

Flinders,  A.  495             ^^H 

A.  77 

Flood,  C.  918                 ^^H 

Fcllowea,       CoTDin. 

F1o*er,  M.  333            ^^H 

W.  A.   493.       F. 

Floyer,  Mrs.  J.  313 

046.   L.7!l.  Mra. 

Foley,    Hon.    Mra. 
F.A.  433.   R,  B. 

559 

Fentoii,  A.L.L.99. 

78.     Mm.  E.W.                  , 

T.  53S 

"  M 

/ndMr  to  Namu. 


FolkMtonc,     Vi>-       Fiwt.J.  442. 


I'oUelt,  6.  S.4.!l 
Foliimi,  G.ggi 
Fuot,  11.44:.  J.  H. 

loe.    W.  V,  4«3 
Forbti,  U.-C,tn.  N. 

443.     Major   A. 

aiG.  MJu  0.335 
Furil,  C.  P.  881.  J. 

BO,  187-    R.3I4 
Forile,  E.  S39 
Fur«>ler,  A]i)ar  C. 

W.  3ta 
Furiler,  C.  P.  SIC. 

E.  818.     UM.  P. 

485.     M.    A.    S. 

883.    N.  97.     R. 

881 
Fois,  R.  443 
Fusler,  J.  103.    Lt.- 

Cul.  T.  644.     H. 

A.  11.  C6J.     M. 

E.  108 
Fulbi-ritill,  F.  444 
F"Uiiui.i,  Cpl.  A. 

de  3 1 T  oDj; 

FuuidriiiiFr,  11.  W.    Gandaii,  J.  'HI 

T8  Gstbe(t,J.  638 

Fo»,  C.  539.  U.  W.    Girbull,     C.    5S8. 

3J4.      F.  K.  48.5.         1.  444 

H.   11.   G6(f-     J, 

483.    S.  100 
Frampiuii,  Cap).  J. 

N.  103 
Fnnci),  E.  48I> 

ill.  Col.  T. 


Ffjer,  A.   A.  S35. 

E.  IBB.     S.  IBS 
Puller,  A.  e.   !i33. 

P.  78 
FuTb«r,  Cuinm.  T. 

318 
tiage,  M.  !>34 
Galiii,  C.  6:U 
GiUford,  H.33b 
Gale,  B.  830.    C.J. 

53(1.     J.  II.  48G. 

L.  H.  IU3 
Gallup,  W.  19 
Gslloway,    T.  670. 

Lt.  A.  S.  GUG 
Gsllwty,    Lidy    P. 


,  GirainB,  N.  3)& 
Gibbiiip,  T.  7T 
Gibbon,  A.  334.  B. 

P.  333 
.    Gibboni,  B.  BD.    J. 

444 
Cibba,   F.  W.  644. 

J.  482.    S.  EiS 
Gibney,L.G.B.  189 
Gibiuri,  HiiiM.331 
Giffiitd,  R.  534 
Giffiir(l,Hon.J.646 
Gilbcn,  A.  648 
Gilbeniun,  F.  3Si 
Glib},  J.  Sb9 
Ciichriit,  M.  L.  SU 
Gilder,  H.  187 
Giln,  S.  )tO.    W. 


188 
Qalion,     D. 

H.  E.  1 1.9 
Gam  m  in,     M 


534. 


554 

GilUatl.     M.     118. 

W.  H.  188 
Gillio.  J.  G45 
Gilling,  T.  SM 
GiliDort,  M.  SS8 
Giiigell,  E.  J.  435 
Gippr,  U.  100.    J. 


io:i 

Frank,  C.  1B!> 
Frmiklyii,     B.     A. 

333.     H.  100 
Frajer,  Col.  W.  558. 

G.  A.^8i,   M^ior 

J.   Iflfi.      O.  78. 

R.  W. 5JS 
Frerkteton,   G.    H. 

318.    T-314 
Freeborn,  J.  W.  64.^ 
Frerliiig.C.  H.  4!G. 

J.  R.  484 
Freeman,    K.    664. 


J.  J.  4 


,664 


Freer,    F.    K.   647. 


Maj 


•il8. 


Major  A.  Al.  81t 
Freke,  Lady  S.  556 
Preniaii[le,\V.  R.78 
French,  P.  315 
Frrre,  B  108.    H. 

T.  647.       J.  97. 

K.  r.  648 
FrlA»,  Duke  de  luS 
Friri>d,A.646.    Li. 

C.  31!' 
Fritb,  C.  5bB.     M. 

A.  648 


Garden,  M.  l>.  485 
Gardiner,  A.  98  I  E. 

647.    Ll.-Cul.  J. 

B.  3.tS 
Gardner,  Couiiii.A, 

H.    I  tie.     Cuinm. 

ti.    11.     186)   J. 

443.    S.  315 
UarUnd,  J,  N.  483 
Garrell,  J.(;45.  Ll, 

H.  318 
Ganb,  R.  8u 
Oarvafh,  U>rd  189 
Gutkdl,  M.  U.  108 
Gataker,    Mrt.    G. 

313 
Gale,  J.  387 
Gay,  M.  P.  i^i 
Gayton,  E.  667 
Gayer,  A.  E.  77 
Gaare,  C.  819 
Geary,  Lt.W.C.4i3 
Gedge,  A;  314.    C. 

555 
Gedney,    P.  A.  il. 

188 
Geldart,  li.  485 
Cell,  1.  536 
Gennyt,C.E.C.!ll7 
George,  A.  445.  E. 

646.    O.  W.  77. 

S.  554 
Gcogbegan, A.  883. 

Major  80 
Gepp,  E.  188 


Glacli 


i.  5S6 


Gor4oB,A.  IM. 
W.IU.  Cm 
J,  O.  ai9.  B 
D.  316.  Boa 
4SI.  J.  A.  I 
LulyLftSS.  I 
C«il.  C  E.  I 
HvorA.UT. 
£.ni.  Hi.  U 
Rev.  Lord  &' 
Gore,     Capl.    U 

R.  431 
Goaaat,  M.  A.  k 
Gotcr,  E.  C.  H 
Gould  O.  H.  II 
Gowriy,  J.  n 
Govmr,  W.  71 
Qommr.  M.  C.  1 

W.  US66 

OnhaM,    C    I 

C.A.6W.    I 

H.  4SS 

Grain«n,W.ll. 

Cralvy,  Mn.A. 

Grant,  A.  F.  Ik. 

C.   669.     J. 

SIS.     I^J.ai 

UrBii(ba«,  Cipl. 

Sl«.    E.  ua. 


J.  E.  488 

Gla'gow,J.443 
Glaiie,  W.  B.  481. 
Gloiiop,  W.  819 
Clover,  \V.  P.  659 
Glubb,  Capl.  F.  P. 


D.    T.    Oranrilla,C.U'Ei 


GnkKan,  U.  Ma 

S32 
Gravatt,  Col.  W. 
Gr>v«,  tin.  H 

331 

ClrM,  E.  U.  I 
H.3IS.  J.H.1 
L.  H.  187.  U 


Gmlden,     M.    646.    Gri 


78 


Godfrey,  Aid.  R.  C. 

;ISLI.    C.  KIS.    J. 

i.  664.  R.  VV.  448 
Godwin,    H.     331. 

Guff,  Lidy  A.  78 
Goldecutt,  E.  331 
Guiariap,  F.W.G46 
Guiding,  M.  A.  A. 

P.  188 
Goldtmid,  H.  445 
aollop,C.G.  J.  534 
Goocb,  Ll..C<d.  W. 

G67 
Good,  J,  446 
Goodall,  H.  A.  44T 
Goodharl,  A.  443 
GiKHliiig,    W.    316, 

443 
GoodnMn,    E.    3 IS. 

F.  J.  399 
G«>d>in,    G.    5M. 

H.  638. 


i«,  R.BO 
Greuhoad,U.H. 
Grudni.  b.  ai 
Creavn,  H.  !!.< 

M.J.  818 
Green,  C.  sas. 

P.  99,  set. 

W.  7».     J.  1 

31*,  SSI.     J. 

».     T.  ISiL 

W.ILSM 
Cracno,  J.  91a 

331.    W.  C.  1 
Graenbalfta,  J. 


G.  lOS 
Greonock,  Lm<p: 
GncnaUl,  KTifil 
Groan  mp.    a  I 

E.SI9 
Grccnwoll,  W.  • 
Graennood,  1.4 
Giorwy.  A.M, 


SI4. 


1.1 


Ortive,  W.  656.  W. 

T.AiG 
Grellcti,  E.  100 
CIr»l«y,  Mrs.  J.M. 

fi45 
Greville,  Cupl.  319. 

L.  426.  P.  G.  486 
Grey,  H.  A.  &3S 
Gribble.T.  101 
GriM,  W.  313 
Orie>e,M.3IG.  W. 

189.  W.  T.  645 
GcifBth,  A.  435 
Gr>ffiib>,A.7T.  Cul. 

F.  C.  644.    E.  G. 
S.  646.  B.  J.  4i4. 

G.  M.  H.  4«4 
Grige,  J.  SSO 
Gngnuti,  R.  S.  313 
Grimibawc,   C.  A. 

GrIiDwoail,  J.  644. 

J.  G. IS9 
GrindreJ,  Lt.  J.  333 
Grinl,Cspl.W.445. 

Comm.W.  312 
GtijiBll,  L.  3:<.=t.   T. 

da  1*  G.  316 
Grogii),  G.  W.  4Se 
Groum,  E.  445 
Grove.  C.  880;      U. 

W.80.   J.  77,80. 

Mrs.  T.  F.  483 
Grutc,  H.  213 
QruKlcn,  F.J.  315 
Grylli,   C.  C.   536. 

M.  T.  436 
Gucht.E.  G.  103 
Gueriiaey,  l^iy  7H 
Guesr.  B.  498 
GuilJ,  M.  536 
Guise,  V.  G.  313 
Gun,  H.  M.  SO 
Gundry,  C.  a  665 
GuniiiiiK,  H.J.  SU. 

Misi  39 
Guriiey,  H.  P.  S3! 
Guibrie,  E.  330 
Guy,    Dr.    T.    S3S. 

Mr..  J.  W.  817 
Gvrilfcin,  H.A.446 
Go^n,  R.  lOS.     W. 

H.  891 
G«yniie,E.A.E.79 
Hai'kelt,  S.  B.  533 
Haclaway.Cu 


H«KgiH,  M.  79 
Haig,  U  F.  T.  646 
Holnea,  C.  E.  423 
HahB,  R.  483 
U&Uban,  Lt.  BU 
HildliDMid,  O.  333 
Hale,  A.  SM.     E. 

647-   T.  568.   T. 

J.  J.  78.   W.  645 
HaUi,  G.  533.    R. 

C.  433 
Hall,  Conm.  W.H. 

186.     H.  O.  103. 

H.  W.  314.     J. 

484.    Lt.W.553. 

M.  J.  669.     Mn. 

A.  78.  T.  M.asi. 

W.  J.  646 
Hallewell,  E.  O.  77 
Ualllbiirtan,E.671 
Halk.G.77.  G.314 
Hall>>ard,C.B.64« 
Hillyburton,     L. 

Lady  558 
Hilie,  M.  891 
Ual*ey,  A.  493 
H4niill<)ii,A.P.I7. 

Lt.  T.  331.  Hilt 

K.  M.    100.     N. 

£.    S.    A.    481. 

Ven.  A.  664.  W. 

337,  334 
Hammack,  M.  99 
Hainmond,    C.    H. 


Hampden,  M.  636 
Hanbury,  Lt.<G*ii. 

Sir  J.  539 
Han  cock  .Com  B.G. 

313 
Hinrui'ke,  J.  535 
Hand,  H.  G.  434 
Handily,  M.  444 
HanJa,  W.  189 
Hankey,   F.   E.  B. 

647.     S.  446 
Hanklntoii,   R.    C. 

647 
Hanlun.A.  P.433 
Hinna,  S.  W.  814 
Hsnnay,  W.  H.  R. 

534 


HanninK,  J.  647 
Hanion,  A.6i7 

R.  330  HardcBirle,  E.  S35. 

Hailden,  J.  A.  315,        Mn.  J,  A.  187 

316  Harding,   A.  919, 

Haentter,  F.  434  334.     C.  56S.  J. 

Hagarl,  Capl.J.M.        |B7,  390.     MIm 

644.       Major    C.        A.  330.   Mr.  S&8. 

644  R.W.108.  W.980 

Haggentan,    Cipt.    Harilins*,  Hon.  C. 

US  S.  313 


Nam^^. 

698 

Hawei,  B.  644.  W. 

Hnrdy,  E.  A.  535. 

890 

T.  V.  C.  sai 

Hanke,  Lady  IST                     . 

Hare,  U.  645.     M. 

H.wker,  J.  434 

lO'J.      MUs   446. 

H»>tk«'B.  J.  108                        J 

Mr».  J.  iS8.     R. 

Ha<rkln«,    A.    331,                    M 

495 

copi.  J.  c.66a.   ^^m 

Harenc,  5.  C  339 

L.  H.   ^^H 

HtrfunI,  Mri.  J.  B. 

315.     M.  980         ^^^H 

533 

H^wk«bii*,Cupl.J.    ^^^1 

H^rgrft.e.  7.557 

313                              ^^H 

Harki^r.  V/.  444 

Uaw.'rih.    A.    633.    ^^H 

Harkiies..G.L.433. 

G.  W.  316.  J.  O,.  ^^^1 

J.  M.  N.  533 

313.  LadyM.aU    ^^H 

H«iU,  J.  557.     M, 

Ha*trey,A.F.L.5U'  ^^^| 

893 

Hay.  Col.  Lortl  B^  ^^H 

UarUy.  W.  187 

644.    D.  495.    J,    ^^^1 

Harman,  R.  109 

491.      L.    ^^H 

Harper,  G.  557-    K. 

666.  Lt.  W.  ail.,  ^^^1 

4i9 

W.  435.  633            ^^^1 

Harridge,  D.H.  334 

Haydon,L<.C.  SIS    ^^H 

Harrin,  L.  534 

Harrialt,C<il.D.44G 

^^H 

Ha>r1>,  C.  78,  933, 

Hayne,  B.  M.  64a      ^^H 

554.    J.980,  315, 

HByier,0.315.  Ml*.      ^^^ 

494.     M.  E.435, 

668                     m 

443.     Mr..M.A. 

Hayloii,  H.  916                          1 

U  669.      R.  SSi. 

Haynard,  J.  188                      ■ 

S.    108,  333.     T. 

Heik,  B.  M.  78                      I 

4i4.      W.R.S53 

U»ly,  E.  6-0                             1 

Hnriitno,    A.    330, 

Heard,  A.  S56                         I 

557.    A.  M.  536. 

H«ani,  R.  448                         ■ 

C.  S.6JB.  £.444. 

Hea^ley,  E.  J.  80                       1 

E.  T.  D,  183.   J. 

Heatb.  J.313.    W.                    ^ 

187.      J.    S.    80, 

M.  648                                         1 

534.   M.  4'J3.    T. 

He.ibouir.A.P.443.                   1 

100,     W.  U.  79 

W.  B.  533 

Han,  F.  669.     M. 

HiBlbuni,  U.U444 

A.  315 

Heaven.  C.   C.  H. 

HariDiip,  0.  £.316 

443.    C.  J.  101 

H*rT«y,  A.i3o.  t. 

Hebbert.Capt.  633 

647.  H.  78.  Hon. 

Hebden,  M.H.79 

E.  U.lv  9!l.     M. 

lledger,  R.  919 

495,556.   T.SiS. 

HeUley,',E.  53S 

W.  S.  SJ-I 

H<'luiiia»,C»u(.484 

HasleburO,    R.  K. 

HemmrnK,  E.  646. 

187 

Mr».  R.  187 

H.fk«fll,E.G.316 

H«iit)«o[lb,  H.W. 

HaitiiifF.Hoii.Mri. 

188 

G.  533.  J.  f.647 

Henderson,  E.44;i. 

llainriU,  T.  SIT 

443.     E.  C.  S8S. 

Halch,A.M.K.333. 

J.    636.      Rear-. 

H.J.  187-  T.810 

Adn.  W.  W.  18B 

Hail,  R.  B.  413 

Henlrew,  A.  636 

Haitoii,  J.  T.  664. 

Henley.      J.      318. 

Mrt.  533 

L.dy  646 

Haulenrillt,  W.  B. 

Henly,  J.S34 

313 

Hennell,  C.  A.  648 

H«»crB«l,W.H.4«4 

Hen.i«uy,M.H.S3* 

UaviUnd,  A.  G.  1B8 

Hennty,  T.  443 

H**illaiid,  L-.  G.  de 

HeiL.,ii.-,  H.W.isa 

664.  C.  R.  Je664 

Henry,  E.  A.  5J5 

Ha-ard,  M.333 

Hen.miin,  J.  499 

H.i«aJden,t.A.<lo» 

Hen-aod,  P.  443 

VUc'tell  3Jd 

Hepbiun,  E.A.3I6                  . 

Index  to  Namt. 


Herb»rl,  C.  B.  B.S. 
446.  Han.G.443. 
Hon.  Mn.  S.3I4. 
Mr..  313.   R.77. 


Hitch 


}15. 


Her 


t.  SiiS 


Her>chtrll,F.I.31S 
Hervey,  F.   S,  G4a. 

Lady  A. S33, 646 
Heeelline.W.  559 
Hetkclll,   Lady  A. 

533 
Holop,  H.  Aib 
Ne(lieriiiEti)ii,J.103 
HcweU,M.3l5,534 
Hfttitl,  J.  101 
Hewlett,  E.  C.  531 
llewMii,  D.  S.  55fl. 

G.  77 
HeysatK,  Sir  F.  W. 


,i,C.A 


534 
Hey.l,». 

Hey»<:r><t,  A.  SSB 
Hibbiird,  W.  446 
Hickley,  E.  A.  79 
Hickinxii.B.M.536. 

G.  M.  G48 
Hick!,  N.  4'J4.   W. 


79 


lIJcl 
Higsinbglhan 


H. 


Hies>.  A.  534.     E. 

J.  E.  534 
HigmaK,  H.  TT 
Hlli1yard,A.G.3N. 

M.  A.  314 
Hill,C.lUI.  G.446. 

H.  431.     .1.  4S?, 

5M,&;i9,645.  Lt. 

E.  441.     M.  7e. 

Mapr  S.  J.  431. 

S.  534.    Veil.  T. 

644.     VV. 


W.  S.  536 
Haan,  Mrs.  C.  H. 

646.      P.  D.  S3S 
Hubbcjute,        Hon. 

Mi«434.    R.42e 
HabBon,  J.  493.    M. 

S.  1B9.     R.J.  98. 

S.  443 
HodJcr,  J.  339 
Hudgkiiitun,  G.  E. 

IBS.    J.  314 
Hudgian,  F.  554.  .1. 

D.  53*.  J.W.80. 

S.  554 


Uoffraeiiler,  K.  330 
Uogarlli.MAJur  lii9 
H«gE.  M.  101.     P. 

A.  3ZJ.     R.  6\h 
HnRBe,  W.  77 
Huilc,l)r.U.C.531 
Hulbr..uk,J.  3ID 
Holc«ml)e,M.S.3l4 
Hulden,  L.  434 
HiildilFh,  G.  315 
HuMi<t.irlh,Uiit79 
Hu1«,J.M.433.  Mn. 

too.     K.  lUl 
Hullami,  M.  443 
HalliiiiJ,C.77.     E. 

77.     Mr».  C.  392 
HolliniheHd,   F.  B. 

535 
Hallaway.CC.  315 
HulniP,   E.  R.  493. 

M.  E.  536 
H(iliDe>,E.TH.  Hon. 

Mrs.A.C.646.  1. 
J.  P.  38.   M. 


131 


Home,  E.  9B 
Horroi,  A.  H.  533 
Horsfill,  A.  E.  S33 
Hurifurd,  E.648 
Hartley,  J.  319 
Hiitkini,  M.W.  534. 

R.  S36 
HuuiDn,  M.  A.  647 
Houilon,  S.  444 
How,  W.  W.  539 
Ho«iard,LadyF.49S. 
LiidyU.66S.Lord 
£.493.  Mn.3S0. 
Mn.  P.  H.  7S 
Howell,  G.  R.  5SS. 
M.  E.669.    T.J. 
4S5 
Huwelli,  G.  77 
Huwn,  E.  646 
Huwley,Mr.Scrr.7T 
Howtoii,  J.  S.  647 
Hoy,  1.  551 
Huddart,  Udy  6lO 
Huddlrtmiie.P.535 
Uudton,  E.  G.  440. 
F.  444.     J.  431. 
W.  333 
HuKall.W.  H.4S9 
HuK«t.ii>,  S.  S.i4 
HuebetJVAelh,  C. 
3.  645.    G.  5S6. 
H.  334.      H.   L. 
496.   J.  187.557. 
L.  V.  436.     Mr. 
100.     W.  665 
llui^u,  S.  100 
Huiih,  J.  44U 
Ilulberl,  B.  B.  495 
Hulextr,  H.  B.  493 
Hull,  H.  M.  665 
Hular,  H.  G.  1U9 
Hunirrayi,  L.  314 
Hurof 
Hur 


Hntebioion,  Ca 
B.  334.  C.H.&, 
F.  H..1I6.    H. 

£47.  J.  3IS.6- 
UatchtMn,F.  E.] 
Hutchom,  Hn. 

SS4 
UuKon,  M.  100 
Huxley,!'.  S.  Sa 
Hyne,  F.  J.  H.  i 
Ibbeuoii,  C.  J.  1 
Ibbotaan,  H.B.1 
ilderton.  S.  &33 
llotr,  J.  W.  535 
Ingbam,  R.  4S) 
In|flii,I-i.-CoLJ. 

W.  4S3 
li>Cpeii,  F.  H.  33 
I«|tr«iti,  W.  G70 
Iredell.  H.  SIB 
IreUiid,  E.  S.  21. 
Irvin,  S.  A.  R.  A 
Irviur.    F.   M.   4S 

J.  91 
Irwing,  C.  C.  a 

J.J.3S0.    H.5 
liaac,  C.  (170 
lited,  E.  E.  SB6 
tveiK,  C.  F.  £46 


W.  1 


lOJ 


Hillcoai,  J.  VV.  534 
Hillgar,  Cumm.  C. 

F.  313 
Hllliar,  T.  447 
Hilliard,  J.  315.  J. 

C.645.    J.S.433 
Hill!.  E.  S.  78.   W. 

3!i9 
HiUon,  A.  D.  645. 


i<3l4 


irev,  A.  435 
Hunii'hreyi,A.433. 
Holmesdale,  Viit'-       E.  817.    J.  493. 
K.  BO 

lint,  E.  315.  G. 
315.  H.  C.  79. 
J.  A.  IBS.  Milt 
E.  919.  Mr..  F. 
109.    S.  ie.9.    1". 


L.    I3B.      T. 
L.  445 
Holler.  O.  913 
HolyoHke.S.  P.  315 
Homfray,  A.  G.  C. 


Hood,  Lady  A.  313. 

M.  E.  646 
Hook.A.  C.  648 
Hool*,  W.  S.  433 
Hoiiper,  A.  I).  ■-■ 


ll<> 


;,  334 


444 

Hiinter.  S.  334 
Huutiiigrord,  G,  W. 

645 
HuiiiinclDwer.Lord 

647 
Hiirdia,  Capi.  G.  C. 

.133 
Hiir..«ll,  N.  4S4 
Huskii^iiii,  E.  .^34 
lluitcy.T.  100,    L. 


Hore,  Majur  T.  644 

Horn.  T.  7-  4«a 

Hornby,  L.  F.  434      Huichin|i,  H.  333 


339 

Jackion,  C.670. 
8«0,  334.  E.  I 
445.  J.  in.  t 
T.  319.  H.  10 
Mn.T.  4«.  1 
H.  R.  S70 

J»c.ib,  C.  «90.  1 
B.  313 

Jame*.  C.  445.  I 
H.  330.  J.  91 
536.  M.  a,  S4 
T.77.    T.  G.  51 

JanMiun,  J.  p.  | 
319.     R.  F.  441 

Janverio,  L.  E.  I 
53S 

J«>y,  &  M.  H.  S4 

Jeiflratvn,  J.  no 

Jelib,  R.  337 

Jtffriet.  E.  314 

Jekyll,  Mr«.  556 

Jelly,  J.  645 

JeiDiDetl,  G.  645 

Jeiikiin,  A.,  u  en 

E.77.    G.J.  iQi 

Mr.W.  lOI.  Mn 

K.  993.     R,  6T1 

Re*.  187.    W.n 

Jenaer,  llr.  H.  n 

Jennings  £.  A.  51 

Jerard,  J.  331 

Jardon,  F.  L  4|| 


Jeremi 

,  M.  66T 

Jerray. 

H.  W.«g. 

L.£ 

646.  R.  F. 

64S 

Jerr^m 

S.J.  315 

Jerrom,  T.  337 

Jervii, 

Col.   G.   R. 

C67. 

a.  M.  333 

Jobling 

G.  J.  IU2 

Tiidex  to  Names.  695 

Kcmp,E.33 1. Major  Lacy,Majiii-Ccn.R.  Ue,  A.  559.  C.  M. 

«T  J.  J.  186'.  W.  D.       e47.   E,   H.  S38. 

,  Kempf,  J.  H.  79  5S5                              M.  314,  53S.  M. 

Kempinii, E.  L.3l(i.  L:tke,  A..  10!2.  F.  S.        A.  £.  -144.  M.  L. 

H.  S32  535.    W,  J.  tea            SVj 

Keodtll,  J.  D.  315  Lamb,  C.J.  534.  J.  Leech,  CD.  103.  S. 

Kennedy,  F.  330  L.  101                          E.  b35 

Kenncy,  F.  A.  433  Lamburt,  C.  J.  313  Leedt,  A.  F.  315 

Keanion,Mn.S.S19  Ltiubert.E.aC.liJS.  Leele,  O.  330 

jocelyn,Hon.S.424  Kenrick,  C.  44<i  "    ""                                       -    -       - 

Jobn<,  Maiar  6T1  Keogb,  G.  P.  Gib 

Johiiaon,  A.399.  C.  Kerr,    A.    H.    430.  L.aiicuier,   a.    my.        UDU 

33i.C.F.le7.H.  A.  R.  558.  rnpi.  H.  33L  Lieut.  H.  LBeYar,J.3l3 

558.J.F.78.La<ly  Lord  M.  318.  M.  3lS  Leteuvre,  F.  W.  100 

SI9.M.670.Mr>.  1.  IBS.  Vf.H.SlS  Landmaini,  H.  334  Ltfb.R.C.n 

M.  446.  R.C.  99.  Ketilewell,  Mrs.  J.  Landun,  J.  1S9  Le  H.irdy,  L.  S.  553 

Ri.  Hon.  W,4S1.  667.S.645  Lane,  A. 670.  P.  H.  Leigh,  Hon.  A.  M, 

R.W.  189.8.332,  K*y,J,  lOS  7a.  Mrt.  H.  98             667.  Lady  4S3 

554.T.333  Kiddle,  Li.  J.  10?  Langford,  J.  T.  645  Leir,  H.  K.  555 

Jolinalon.Cumm.J.  Kielnwnniejge,  LanghHrn,  H,  536  Leilch,  J.  446 

H.  441  Count  Van  S34  Uncliurne,  A.  103  Lemun.  R.  554 

Juhntione,  J.  TT.  J.  Kilby,  B.  494  Lin|;Ui)ds,MajorG.  Ltuiprkre.  M.   668 

f.  S9.  Mrt.  H.  78  Kildire,  Marcl'nets  444  Le  Neve,  L.  443 

Jolliffe.HajorW.SJ  1  o[  314  Langley,H.335.Hn.  Lenna>,  £.  S.  446 

jDnei,A.W.64T.C.  Killer,  £.315  M.  558  Lepard,  C.  T.  670 

443.  C.H.ieS.  D.  Kinraid,  S.  S5B  Langrisbe,  E.  L646  Lep|>er,  J.  98 

101.  E.  443,  see.  Ktnder<ley,R.T.533  Langlon,  E.  C.  339.  Leslie,  L.  666 

E.  A.  669.  G.  77.  King,  B.533.  C.554.  Stephen  St.  Pcrer  L'Estraiige,  G.  B36 

G.  G.  669.  H.  C.  E.  314,  S3£.   M.  S57  Lelbbridge,    M.   C. 

536.  J.  645.  J.  D.  C.   S.  446.   Mm  Urigworlby,  \V.  S.       339.T.F.SIS 

494.J.H.W.3I3.  B2L  Mr*.  W.  5.13.  669  Le»ieii,  J.  536,  M. 

J.  K.  425.  L.M.  R.4S6.  S.W.  533.  Larkin.  M.  lOO               183 

314.  M.  534.  M.  T.    H.    534.    W.  Laicellei,  Huo.  G.  Lewis  A.  O.  L.  314. 

A.  333   Major  H.  438  E.  4S3                         E.  T.  665.   L.  L. 

H.43I.M.H.440.  Kingdon,  D.  444  Latham,   J.  C.  79.        444. M.  536.  Mrt. 

S.A.ia2.  SirCT.  Kingafurd,  K.  555  M.  E.  535                   A.   J.   533,  Mn. 

4SI.  W.321,333,  KingamiM,  C.  558  Lathbury.M.A.  10^       W.  Y.  78 

434.    W.  M.  667  Kingiton,  G.  T.  79.  Ln  Tour,  P.  665  Ley,  M<i«  444 

Juyce,  A.  J.  647  L.  H.  330  Lalley.  A.  P.  536  Leyburn,  E.  671 

Judkini,  S.  5SB  Kiiinaird,  Hon.V.A.  Lawei,  E.  42l  Liddell,  F.  W.  334. 

Julian,  5.  4S4  Matter  of  668  Latfutd,  T.  W.  334       Bon.  Mr>.  A.  533 

Julian),  T.  557  Kinnier,  E.  423  Lawrence,  C.S.idZ.  Lilbuni,  Ll.  8.  6S6 

Kavaiiash,  P.  441  Kiniman,  R.  B.  4S3  U.  77.  I.  iSi.  L.  Lilley,  M.  lUO 

Kav,  La(ly314.   W.  Kiotore,  Earl  ur3l5  M.  55T.  M.  80  Lillingiion,  C.  445 

P.  W.  445  Kirby,CaptJ.S.66B.  Lawion,  J.  C.  666  Liiiiond,C.316.  M. 

Kaye,  Capt.  E.  534  J.L.  GJS.  Mrs.  J.  Laiton,  W.  4!5             316 

Keane.Cumni.Hun.  668  Layng.  E.  330  Liiid,  Capt.  339 

G.  D.  313  KiUon,M)^arJ.443  Laienby.  H.  557  LJndoe,  Dr.  431 

Keartiey,Mr>.C.100.  Kilton,J.  313  Lea,  W.  425  Lii.diay,     D.      79. 

T.  N.  42S  Klanell,  C.  M.  77  Leach,  J.  647                 Ludy  S.  423 

Keale,  A.  E.   188  Knapp,  A.  A.  78  Leacock,  Major  U.  Liniee,  E,  H.  435 

Kvble,  T.  535  Knebei,Cbev.de  646  W.55;  Liahuiii,  Ri.   Hun. 

Kedalie,    A.    W.  T.  Knight,  C.  3)1>.    E.  Leaf,  C.  J.  648                 M.  C'leat  t>r  333 

535  G.  J89.  S.A.533.  Lealiy,  W.T8  Liimore,  L«ri]  533 
Keen,  G.  220.    M.  T.  314  Leakey,  J.  A.  647  Li9l,  S.  3,10 

536  Knitt,  Vf.  H.  666  Uan,  A.  423.  Ll.  J.  Lialer,A.330.  S.  98 
Keith,    E.   S.   670.  Knott,  E.  333.  J.W.  S.3I2  LilchSeld,  Capl.  C. 

Lady  M.  R.  44G  IBT  Lear,  E.  435                  Vf.  338 

Kekewich,    E.  535.  Knoirlel,H.lST,667.  Leariooulh,    C.    A.  tiuli^,  T.  648 

Mn.  T.  313.  S.B.  H.Y.  189  646  LitlleKoad,  E.  554 

436  KnDa,Capl.T.0.3i7.  Lealhes.  E.  M.  316  Litton,  E.  A.  645 

Kelly,A.S.Lady666.  Lady  M.  44&.  M.  Lechmere,  E.  A.  H.  LlTiiigatoiie,  J.  188 

E.    668    G.    333.  L.  435  645  Livlo,  C.  J86 

Mn.  M.  E.  666  Kynuton,  M.  319.  Le  Coiiilc,  M.  443  Li*iui,  II.  G.  31: 

Kemble,  E.  188  R.  G36  Ledgard,  D.  T.  440  Lleoelyn,  H.I..648 


«48  J 


696 

Index  to  Nanui. 

LlojJ.O.A.A.33T. 

LulcoDlbe,Lt.E.331 

M'N>ill,D.77.    B 

M*nlMll.B.A. 

G.S34.    H.N.78. 

314.     H.  S.  64B 

C.  313.     F. 

L.   B.  647.    Lr.. 

Lutirell.A.J.F.33l 

Macpbenoii,  E.  M 

G.  664.    J. 

Col.    E.    S.   216. 

Luxmnre,  J.  C.  BO 

632 

553.     SirC. 

Li,  Gcii.  A.  GTO. 

L)B||,  J.  444 

Marqu.rie,  M.  ft36 

T.S2T.    W. 

M.  18D.   s.  ass. 

Lyt^,  J.  C6i 

Muq„e«n,   H.    E. 

Mantll),  C.  0. 

w.  If.  itn 

Lvie,  J.  A.  42S 

&33 

Mart»i,  C.  981 

Lochiier,  w.  c.  sae 

Lyiicli.  B.  80 

M'RiF,l).930.  Dr. 

M*nin,  A-Sse 

Lock,    E.    H.    S3(i. 

Lynn,  L.F.  314 

A.  US 

B.  MS.     Ca 

M.  E.  S34 

LjMer.  L.  443 
Maherly,  A.  L.  424 

Maeniw,  R.  443 

W.    F.    IBS. 

L»ck<r,  M.  B.  647 

M'SwfD^,J.H.H.78 

313.      B.  M. 

Luckhsn,  Capt.  A. 
M.    431.      Major 

M'Andrew.J.  1).  80 

Mtd.ii,  G.  S33.    a 

G.   IBT,  in. 

MacauUy.S.  11.316 

440 

C.  313.     T.i 

W.  481 

M'C»lliim,  CO.    J. 

Madd.r>,MuiE.M. 

M.rtyM.  B.L. 

Luelc-o<Kl,F.V.ai5 

328 

OTO 

Mwy,  J.  M.  1 

Loiier,  Mn.  R.  S33. 

M'Caln.o.it,  E.  669 

Maddisuii,  M.  1(13 

MuW;..  B.  441 

w.  sea 

M'tiul,  J.  329 

AUdduck.E.  646 

MM<an.  C.3I1. 

Lofft.  E.  4S5 

M'CsudaiHl,  W.  [I. 

Madduck*.  R.  3S8 

635.      E.  315 

M«d.(v,  S.  E.  534 

J.M.4«5.   0 

315.    A.  W.  4Sfi 

M'tiw.M.n 

MagrXli,  J.  397 

MaHiiF,    Lt.  J, 

(i45 

Maci(:ur(l,r.A.8B4 

MaKuirc,    Q.    446. 

89S,  441 

Luridon,J.218 

M'CoOr.J.  04.'. 

Lt.  R.  186 

MmMr,F.3l«.J 

Lull-,  C.  3.ia.    Mrf 

M'Crar,  A.  186 

Miiitland,A.\V.4V4. 

Mwwr,  1.    M. 

W.J. 046.   R.444 

Mncdoriald,  P.  .1.(3. 

E.F.  l?.6.    Rear- 

m™.t.w.c 

Liiii<riiiure,A.  A.T!) 

r.  555.      R.  334. 

A.lm.  lI'iii.SrrA. 

W.H.ILSM 

P.  433 

T.  M.  187 

J7 

Matv,  R.  P.  17 

t^.is.)ale,J.G,5.')3 

M-Dojiougli.    R.  F. 

MalhaiD,  J,  103 

Halberm,  J.  u< 

B.GUT 

444 

Mklin,  0.  554 

L..i.r..  U.  L.  MB 

M'Douall,l'.t;.  189 

Mallnt,  S.  424 

R.B.7T 

Lorcl,A.O.r.3ti.    E. 

M'Thiiigall,    E.   A. 

Mallctoii,  H.  447 

MattlMv.J.J.  4 

330 

331.     H.  b'41 

Mall.ll,  E.  S3t 

M>lblM,C.331 

Lorimer,  E,  A.  80 

M'Evuy,  J.  664 

Maltmc,  11.70.    R. 

P.  44S.  H.  M 

Loriiii;,  Vicc-Adni. 

M'(:la<lcry,LI.J3l2 

64.1 

Maturiii.  C.  « 

Sir  J.  W.  IHfl 

M^ici-ri'Kur,  Lt.-Ciil. 

Malll'y,  E.  b'67 

Mauric,  Con*. 

Lory,  Ll.W.  313 

H.441.   M.A.5BG 

Maltun,  8.  335 

W.G.  77.  H. 

Iaii,  Hon.  L.  HO 

M'lmyrP,  11.  1    0 

Maiii'liPiier, 

Hun.  Mn.  P. 

I^ughlHirougli,    R. 

M'KcDZi'-,  11.  647. 

ItuchfM  01645 

s:::a.*c"i 

U422 

C.    A.  67".     Or. 

Maiiflald,  W.  535 

l.<ir»iiie,  U.ly.)3J 

L.532.    J.H.77. 

M.iiiiiB,  T.  H.422 

Mauoaall,  R.  A. 

L«vtbiiiitl,A.\V.80 

J.R.535.  T.  186 

Manii,  Li.  J.S.554 

Ma.kH.T.  IHI 

L<.Te>ruvc,  J.  421 

M^<^k\uUy,  J.  AAt 

MaiMirn,     E.    668. 

Maxtonif,  J.  4» 

LdvH«.,W.  (;.2I4 

M'Kinley,         Virr. 

Lt.  J.  L.  870 

Maiwrll,C.lBr 

L<.vell,Dr.N.J.33'.'. 

Aclm.  G.  77 

ManiiMii;,  Re».  645 

M.990.    I.B, 

J.  M.  4.'(i 

M'Kiii.>ui>.J.(i6.S 

Maiiilield,  E.    IBT. 

May,  l>.  Sfi4.  Ll 

Lo»elork,E.  H.635 

Mackil>t<l4ll,   C.   A. 

H.  334.     H.  M. 

C.186.  M.A. 

L'lYcr,  M.  lUl 

436.    J.  9H 

.156.     J.  219 

M«he-,B.A. 
T.  H.  I8J 

h»*,  It.  H.  I't7 

MHL-kUr<^ii,  Mrt.  J. 

Maix,   C.   E.    234. 

L..w»,  a.  (i47.     I!. 

lOU 

P.  W.  313 

MB;ii>r<d,C.ai 
Hayne,  C.  5M. 

665.    J.  3M.     S. 

Maek»orllj,     do*. 

Maiilhorp,  M.  535 
Maplei,  H.  P.  BO 

S.  32!) 

Lady     331.      H. 

442.  H.  U4. 

Lo«(.r,Mrt.M.A.3ll 

644.    J.  P.  319 

Matrb,     C'l f 

539 

Luwiiilei,  F.  424 

Ma''lac1iUn.C.4.  A. 

187.     M.  fi«9 

Mayo,  J.    440. 

Luotbpr,  Si.G.  ia8 

644 

Mitre,  W.  H.646 

8.  921 

I.oHlhl.iii,  M.  y-o 

Madtan,  A.  r>34.  J. 

MarKuIi'<iitli,M.645 

Mayor,  Li.  Q.  ■ 

L1..I1..111,  T. -SJS 

II.    442.      Mnjur 

Manrn,  H.  J.  422 

Mayulr,  J.  06B. 

Luircl,  E.  A.  426 

J.  531 

M'rklanil,  Capt.  B. 

66T 

Locat,  C.  3:l.-i.     E. 

Macleod,      Lt.-Ci>!. 

55:1 

Mradr.W.  UT 

A.  5ft6.     L.  223. 

G.F.iSS.    N.426 

Marley,  Ll.-Cot.  D. 

M«.d<>»»,     J.    ] 

M.4.'3.     R.  219 

M'L«Ehll",C.aiB 

441 

W.  a.  H.  B.  II 

L...llain,  T.  422 

MacMflh.m,  G.  M. 

Marriolt,     A.     8I9. 

M.«IInR,  M.  W 

L'xiluw.  A.  K.  645 

E.330.  Lad)-483. 

U.  U.  W.  F.  5SS. 

M.a<ur,M.D.| 

L„kii,  W.  79 

M.ii<>r  648 

T.  S3I 

M.eha,  J.  44b 

Luniltv,  Mn.  646 

Man.iiiiara,  D.  667 

Manli,  G.  H.  533. 

Medley,  G.  &  | 

L..pio.;,F.  ro;.  T. 

M'N<!>le,A.496.  R. 

H.    C.  441.    W. 

W.MS 

426 

A.  670 

Mm,  a.  im 

Mcclian,  J.  553 
Merk,  Sir  J.  446 
Mclhuiih,  J.  666 
Uellenb.ComiD.A. 

4SS 
McllUh,  J.  446 
Mdlor,  J.  4S] 
Melrille,  D.  4!3 
Meiice,  S.  S.  SSS 
M«iidi,L(.G.P.4S6 
Hcmor,  J.554 
Henziea,  D.  219 
Mfrcrr,  J.  SIG 
Meredelb,  R.  534 
Meredith,  C.  J.  3!T. 

J.  331 
Me  re*  el  her,  F.  L. 

S.  644 
Herony,  B.  646 
Herriman,   W.  H. 

R.  533 
Mciienger,  J.  64B 
Melhringham,      B. 

5SB 


S55 
Menrburn,  J.  189 
Meyer,  A.  M.  832 
Heymuti,  J.G.333 
Meyiiell,  J.  31B 
Meyrick,  E.  648.  S. 

H.  499 
Michell.G.S?!.  H. 

C.441.  P.H.tB9 
Mivhclmure,  E.  M. 

533 
Mkklein,  T.  G.  558 
MuUletiirs  M.  443 
MiUIra;!,  M.A.  557 
Mil«,F.  667.  G.F. 

314.  R.553 
MilUr,  J.  9?0 
Miller,  A..  536.  Dr. 

319.  M.314.  Mn. 

T.  233.  W.  447 
MUligBi',    R.    C44. 

W.  446 
Milliken,  W.  333 
Millner,  M.  J.  534 
Mil1>,Ciip(.C.J.C. 

313.  W.  645 
Milnr,l}r.4aa.  Mn. 

A.  646 
Miliier.  C.  F.  3)3 
Miliiei,  R.  M.  434 
Minion,  S.7T 
MUily,  R.G.  P.  80 
Hilchell,    A.   339, 

671.    C.  B.  647. 

Col.H.  10I.E.M. 

666.  J. J.  316 
MockUr,  J.  440 
MnfTaK,  J.  R.  533. 


W.  < 


1,445 
IT.  Mac.  Vol. 


1 

Index  to  Naiuti. 

697 

MoUnd,  L.  M.  335 

Mplt,  C.  100 

Newbery,  C.330 

Mould,  J.  536 

M.314.  R.  I'.W 

Muuiirie.  C.  D.  665 

Ne-land,  A.  79.   J. 

315 

MuunUf!ue,F.r.49S 

668.       M.      445. 

Molineilii  Misi  T 

Moxon,  B.  443 

W.  S.  315 

M.  819 

Mudge,A,78 

Ne-ry.Viic'leKlBB 

Molltion,C.319 

Mulitrare,   Eacl   of 

Newton,    W.    330. 

186,312 

W.  H.  667                               1 

Monerieffe,    H.   E 

Mullen,  U.-Col.  R. 

NicboU,  A.  J.393 

436.    J.  B.    IH8 

3S9 

Nicbollt,C.443.  B.                  ■ 

UdfL.533.     S 

Mulloy.J.  187.   W. 

390                              ^^ 

A.  188 

J.  439 

Nicliuk,  f.  670              ^^H 

Mc.uey,G.444.  Mrs 

Munm,Ur.W.S.533 

Nichol<ot>,  B.  m.      ^^M 

K.E.A.ai4 

Muritoii,  J.  339 

C.443.  LailylSB.       ^^H 

Moniagu,   E.    101 

Momz,M.M.188 

M.  436,  S34.  Ma.     ^^H 

Re«r.Adm.  SirW 

Murdncli.J.  B.  53^ 

}orJ.916.  P.44S     ^^H 

A.  313 

Mure,  Dr.  J.  531 

Nickiiiori,  T.  99         ^^H 

Montgomerie.M.  F 

Murgatroyd,  F.  6GB 

Nicolton,  H.  C.  M.    ^^^M 

101.  R.B.  315 

Muriel,  C.  443 

331                           ^^H 

Moody,  C.79.  F.  E 

Murray.  A.  334.  Dr. 

Nleumanr..P.B«ron      ^^* 

647.  3.  B.  553 

J.  99?.     H.  313. 

von  98                                         1 

Moolni},  en-Dewai 

Hull.  C.  J.   334. 

Nieuwerkerk,  L.de            , 

553,  666 

HDn.Mr>.S.313. 

186 

Moor,  A.  F.  313 

J.  441.    J.A.7T. 

Nightingale,  E.  666 

Moore,  C.  445.     C 

Udy  U  N.  493. 

Nind,  U.  103.    W. 

R.  6B4.  D,B.330 

M.666.    Mr..R. 

533 

F.W.434.   H.103 

H.533.  a.  557 

Niion.  H.  920.    J. 

J.  315.    LaJyH 

Mufton,Lt.-Col.H. 

M.53ti 

64C.M.556.M.JO 

J.644.     W.HI3 

Noel,   A.   W.  313. 

W.y.G44.  S.646- 

Musgrovr,  (tl.Hon. 

Hon.  Mr..W.  M. 

W.e64 

J.1B6 

558 

Mi>anDin,C.  R.431 

Mu.kel.,H.669 

Nurfor.W.  103 

R.330 

Mu.iori,C«pl.a556 

Norm^n.A.  E.3«S. 

Mara[(i,A.»H 

Muirle,  Mr*.S.  669 

M.  333.    T.  6GB. 

M<>re(,E.64S 

Myer.,  F.  337 

W.  313 

Maretun,F.A.3l4 

Mynii.J.Si9 

Narreys,  lady  423 

Morgan,  A.  534.  C 

Nans.UdyKIB.  N. 

NorrlP.  A.  B.  314. 

103.    D.  F.  4S2 

M.  ino 

E.  49G 

E.A.648.    E.  E 

Ni.nier,H.in.A.539. 

Norib,    Lady    IBS.         ^^fl 

315.   E.  H.  3'i8 

Hun.  Mr(.C.646. 

m^M 

E.  L.  317.   T.G 

J.64B.  MajurW. 

Norlhcole,     G.    C.     ^^H 

446.   W.i:i2 

C.E.77.  Mn.A- 

G48.  H.3  16.  Ladr     3^^| 

Mi>riarly,R.313 

646 

423.  M.  553.  Sir        ^^^ 

Morier,M.H.648 

Naili,    F.   G.   533. 

S.  H.  533                               1 

Mdriioii.R.  S.554 

Mr>.J.314.T.993 

Norion,  C.  L.  316.                    1 

Muiley,A.U.3J4 

Na.on,  J.  R.  444 

E.lOO.  E.H.494 

Nmmu,  E.  80 

Norv.1.  W.  187                        ■ 

daw.C'iatu(668 

Naihari,  P.  669 

Nolt,  J.  493                     ^^^ 

Ni'Ble,E.498.  R.446 

Nucella,  H.  E.  64T     ^^^M 

Mor(i<,A.  lOl,     E 

Neale,  R.  66G 

Nugee,  A.  4S9              ^^H 

K.  534.  Li.-Col 

Ne»ve,  ti.  64a 

Nugent,  W.H.  189.    ^^^H 

W.iia.    M.  IBS 

Neehl,  Mn.J.  533 

446                 ^^M 

M.J.64T.  S.  IBS 

Nrl.on,E.533.     S. 

Nunn,  M.   E.   100.   ^^^H 

Morrith.Lt.  S.T7 

S.  100.  T.S.-7 

668                     ^^^1 

Nutlall,  G.66T           ^^^M 

Horlh»d,Capl.W 

557 

OalKley.  W.  221           ^^^H 

H.  438 

Nevill,  H.  R.  492 

Uakei,  E.  S.  399         ^^^1 

Mortiaier,  Hrf.646 

Ne»ille.Hoo.L.ieG. 

Oskli-y,  r.  79.     M,    ^^^H 

Monlock,J.  443 

J.9I9.  M.L.  IBS. 

^^H 

Morton,  J.  4'J5.  W 

Mr..  R.  187.    W. 

0'&eirne,MrE.J.33l      ^^M 

648 

664.    W.  A.  429. 

O'Brien,  E.  313               ^^M 

M»eley,M.435 

W.  F.  G45 

0'C«lla.han,C.3[6.                      1 

MoM>i.a-,W.446 

Ntrin,J;el5 

D(.     P.    531.     J.                      ] 

Mouop,  M.  C47 

New,  F.  M.  6fiT 

645 

Mu»iyn,Mn.L.78 
XXXTI. 

Ne*all,  S.  534 

Oddie.  W.  666                          J 

698 

InitMtQSnmtt. 

O'Dfispoll.  M.  557 

Parker,  A.  446.    J. 

Pemhrook,  H.  109 

Pinero,  N.  de  1 

Oi^ritFH.Mr.  SS 

443,53^,536.  L. 

Peiidar.Capt.W.A. 

Piper .E.6M.  T, 

Of-iivie,  J.  saa.  J. 

314.  T.670.  W. 

441 

Pipon,  M.  A.  A 

H.  n.  Hi 

101,  103 

Pcii(lered,W.L.e45 

PiutMia,  HIM  a 

O^lf,  Dr..f.A.5H3. 

Parkiiilon,  J.  319. 

Pitman.  F.  i3t 

J.A.(i45.    R.J. 

S.533 

Peii.iefalher,T.554 

Fitt,llaJor-G« 

337 

Parnell,  A.  646 

Penney,  W.  670 

D.  398 

Okt!,  R.  e4,> 

Parr,  M.  E.  79.     T. 

Pemni-gtsM,  P.   A. 

PUIcy.  J.  £61 

OltlvrsliBw,  R.  99 

t,  534 

315 

Piaer.  e.  G4S 

OldfielJ.  E.  S.  4S6 

Parratt,  A.  555 

Penny,  Miti  S.  339. 

Plailen,  S.  44S 

OJdham,    Mrg.   M. 

Parrey,  E.  H.  443 

R.  J.  446 

Player.  E.  S«I 

P.irroll,E.  C.  444. 

Playfair.  Dr.L. 

Oliver,  E.  189.     T. 

J.  W.  444 

669 

L.  644 

B.  554.    W.  555 

Parry,  E.   187.     E. 

PiMiruildticke,L.333 

Plowman,  T.«! 

Olphert.  J.  314 

SI.  J.  533.  Ll.H. 

Pepy-,  Mr*.C.334 

Plummer.  C.J. 

Olver,  H.  H.  IB7 

313.    T.  G.  436 

Pcrci'al,  W.  H.  189 

Pocuck,  J.  64B 

0'M«bo..y,   E.   W. 

Par..>ni.    H.    316. 

Percy.M.IBB.  Viu- 

Pueucka,  J.  iM 

5:iG 

Miti  C.  331.     I>. 

Adro.Hon.J.  186 

Pulbill,     H.  V 

Oiiley,  O.  S.  4i3 

M.  534 

P«rl.ie,  B.  665 

BO 

0-Rdlly,  C.  A.  79 

Paningioii,P.A.557 

Prrkiiii,  S.  S.  554 

Pollard.  C.  A. 

Orman,  E.  399 

P^n  ridge,  R.  103 

PerrUm,  R.  433 

E.W.646.  J. 

Oiin<ii.ii,  Ciipt.  e. 

Patchal,   M^ar  G. 

Pcrrins,  P.  315 

Rer.Dr.fiU. 

554.     Comm.    1'. 

F.7T 

PerroiI.B.  T.  446 

443 

Ormsl.y,Mr«.t;»pt. 

Paicue,  E.  669 

Pe.rr,  R.G.3I3 

Polleifcn,  J.  H. 

4S3.     W.  0.3(3 

Pa,hley,R.  431 

P«i...  8.  M.  491 

Polluck.  Udj  1 

Orr,  W.J.  2(9 

Pahkini,J.  101 

Petre,   K.   G.   189. 

Puntfurd,  W.  6 

OabaldeilDii,   P.    C. 

Paslny,  J.  M.  315 

LaJy  633 

Poii*anby,IIwnJ 
S.3l4.Lad«M 

44  L 

Paivrtun,  H.  316 

Prlrie,  W.  496 

Ojluriie.  A.  C.  t>70 

Pa(on.Cai.t.J.S.7T 

Petti(t,C.  A.  331 

Pontifea,  W.  Si 

0>trehan,     J.      U. 

Pai.1,  G.  W.  316 

Pelt  mail,  E.  441 

Puulr,  c.  s.nt 

4i;3 

Paulcr,  LnJt  C.  433 

Phdips.  CM.SM 

339 

Outr,  E.  554 

P^..lu..   Dr.'  H.  E. 

t'helpt,  E.  S.   Vtl. 

Peon,  Sit  E.  « 

Olley,  S.  535 

G.443 

H.  I>.  IS8 

Pope,  J.  TT 

Ol-ay,  A.  J.    53(i. 

Pimon,  F.  A.  669. 

f  lilLp,  Dr.  665 

Popbam,  K.3lfi 

D.meC.«!B.   H. 

J.  539 

Philip.,  M.  A.  648. 

481 

sa4 

Pavne,  E.   U.  314. 

T.64S 

Purrel,  H.C.ft 

Oulluii,  R.  4-ti 

E.  R.  97 

Phlliimuie,  A.  101. 

Porlal,  Mra.  W. 

0«eii,  A.  33t.     C. 

Paymer,  J.3H 

G.    1M:,  439.     J. 

Fnncr,  H.  A.  1 

M.  77.     Km.  E. 

I'earl),  K.  3:i4 

G.  431 

PoctDian,    B.I 

(itiT.    H.I14».   H. 

Peacock,  £.554.  P. 

Pl>ill>p.,C'*p'.R.N. 

186 

I).  G47.    J,  100 

T.  534.     r.  664 

533.    E.  397.   E. 

PaMle.  !:««■. 

Oiei.f.,rd,  W.  3J4 

Pe»ke,  J.  YM 

P.  535.   F.  H.B. 

917 

Pacifica,  Dt.  444 

Pearce.CSO.Cumni. 

647-     J.  99.    J. 

Packer,  C.  532.     J. 

J.  313.       11.    HO. 

G.  313.    P.  554. 

539 

77 

Mr..  331 

S.  667.    T.  330. 

Pott,  R.  534 

P«Rr,I-.3l3 

Pean,Mri.439 

W.l).  78.  W.Q. 

Potter,  J.  53) 

PaKst.JB.  8.534. 

Pearif.  E.  M.  80. 

990 

Piwltar,  Mra.B 

Major  H.  C4T 

C.  W.   IB7,  315. 

PhilInK,    Capt.    C. 

Powell,  C.  J.  S3 

PaEliano,  J.  C.  668 

W.  444 

G.  R.  186 

P.664.Dr.W, 

PaigP,  L.  bS'i 

Porson,  H.  S.  77. 

P1.ilpou,R.  S.  189 

H.   E.  Sli. 

Paiii,M.55f> 

Hon.  Lady    313. 

Pickering.  Capt.  W. 

A.  P.  E.  314 

Paine,  M.  669 

J.  670 

H.  644 

P.  648 

PakiriBluii.    Sir  J. 

Peck,  E.  A.  436.  J. 

Pickthorii,Lt.J.313 

Puwer,  S.  U3 

IB9 

668 

Picti't,  M.    Prevott 

B.7B 

Palera»r.W.B.33.? 

Peek<tonF,T.S.!30 

919 

Powi.,  W.  H.  1 

Palk,  K[rt.  L.  533 

P<'d<ler,  J.  4!3 

PidcD<k,B.gB9.  H. 

Po.niu,    B.C 

PalliMr,  A.  443 

Pedley,  Mr..  T.  H. 

M.  440.     R.  440 

J.  P.  648 

PJmer,  P.  J.  536. 

313 

Pigeon,  R.  H.  319 

Poynti.  A.  H.  1 

J.  <J7.     M.  189. 

1V«J,  8.  314 

Pigot,  G.  V.  330 

Pratt,  U.  489.1 

Mr>.  ?I9 

P«e1,  C.  S.  42S.    F. 

Figott,    J.   H.  313. 

64S 

Fane,  B.  .131 

644.     M.  C.  316 

T.e65.  W.H.S5e 

Prcat,  A.  647 

P.rh«m,  B.  333 

Peirsoi.,  G.  668 

PiUber.   ComB.  J. 

Prm-iiirai 

Pamb,M.434.    W. 

Pelly,  Capl.  79 

U.  644 

S.  187,  4S4 

PemlMrloii.  O.  535. 

Pincbcn,  M.  669 

R?fflr"<s.v 

Park,  M.  biS 

MiHR.5ST.  S.TS 

PintUr,  C.  484 

Pric«,&.3U.CoBm. 
J.  H.9i«.H.e4a. 
H.  A.  L.  334.  R. 

C.4M.  S.M.6:o. 

W.64i 
Prichird,  A.  O.  6GT 
Ptiiketl,  E.  231 
PnJeaui,S.Iddy56S 
Pridhim,  M.  103 
Prime.  S.  S.  331 
PrimfMe.J,  T.  443 
Proby,  Hon.  G.L.TT 
Proctor,  G.  645 
Prowcu,  W.W.  443 
Pryce,  J.  B.  B.  aSH. 

M.  A.  331 
Prver,  T.  SB 
Pryor,  J.  5.13i 
Pry<bcrcb,  C.A.J-IS 
Pugh,  J.  C.  3J1 
PuleHun,  F.  T.  33S 
Pul1[na[i,M,B.L.669 
PurcbaH,L(.J.U.7r 
Pur»>,  C.  448 
Purvit,  C.  A.  314. 

J.  h.  314. R.  S16 
PulUnd,  H.  bbi 
PuHuok,  S.  101 
Pybui,  G.  H.  533 
Pyiiienl.F.A.  313 
Pyper,  R,  D.  557 
Pyoi^lt,  H.  44T 
Qtirkxi,  M.  B.  444 
giiirh,  G.  334 
Rodi-liff,  W.  3 13,492 
KacIrliRto,    Ur.    7&. 

Mr*.  C.  L.  646 
Radlcy,  Mr.  320 
Rid)(»cli,  Rear- Ad. 

LorJ  IS6 
Rniiibavr,  M.  P.  4i3 
Raii.ei,  Mi)orJ.  R. 

1B6 
Ralft,  W.  331 
Ram,  S.  J.  539 
Rani''ay,Cul.  M.554 
Randall,  J.  M.  lit. 

H.  W.  78 
Ranilcll,  C.  443 
RBn<lol|>l>,   C.   64S. 

Comm.    Q.    318. 

Major  433 
Rankoii,  C.  445 
Riiveiiaproft,  H.W. 

i!3S 
Raaei,  J.  433 
Rawlini.      C.     187. 

M.  A.231 
Raii>liiitun,M.R.9> 
Raj«r,  J.444 
Raymcnt,  J.  448 
R.<yinon<l,  C.A.  100 
Read,    D.   C.  318. 

E.   667.     H.  N. 

433.     W.  101 


Jndtg  to  Namet. 

em 

Rude,  C.  333.     C. 

Robertt,  C.  J.  SB7- 

Rowdeit,  P.  H.  432 

M.  B.  M-C.  101. 

Col.  \V.  330.     F. 

Rowf,  E.  333.  Mra. 

J.  555 

A.3a3.  H.S.3I3. 

332.  W.W.  79 

Rtdrearn,  J.444 

J.eeg.  W.  645 

Rowell.  F.  a.   443. 

Rm,  G.  p.  446 

RobcrLKin,  Capl.  J. 

F.  T.  4SS 

R«ce,  J.  ia7 

98.    Mr..  C.   103. 

Rowland.H.lOl.S.     1 

Retd,  Lt.-CI.  W. 

R.M.ia4.T.443 

333.  S.B.II)3,II7   ^^^^1 

7T.    M.  101,     S. 

Robin,  J.  ISD 

Rowlaiidt.  W.  646     ^^^H 

330.     W.  p.  BO 

Robins,  Cotnto.  T. 

Roiburib   H.  444  .^^^M 

Ree>,  M.I.  1.  4^6 

L.3I3.  J.H.  188 

Roydt,  E.  F.  535        ^^H 

Rtne,CoiBiii,J.3IS. 

Robii^ion,   A,  64T. 

Ruriee,  A.  558.    St   .^^H 

H.  »34 

Captain    F.    447. 

S.A.4J5         ^^^H 

Recvel,J.  W.  4'J4 

Comm.T.  P.SiS. 

Rufford,  F.  T.  646       ^^H 

Rcid,  A.43I.     Dr. 

E.  SO.  O.W.316. 

Roa»r^y,  E.  5Sa            ^^H 

F.644.     11.664. 

H.L.ao.J.P.314. 

Ruib,  H.  J .  IS8.  yt.     ^^H 

J.  333.    Lt.-L"ul. 

M.  315.     Mfi.  J. 

648                              ^^1 

W.  421,  539 

Wl.     P.  V.  314. 

Ruibliroiike,  F.  443    ^^^H 

Reidbann,Vi>c'iei. 

T.  F.  339 

Kusu-ll,  A.  B.   78.    ^^H 

533 

Robton,  C.  J.  334 

533,    C.  W.    ^^^H 

Remnant,  E.  -2!u 

Koche.  J.  W.  79 

A.  434,     J.  553.      ^H 

RtndeU,  L.  U^ 

Rocbrurt.G.  H,55J, 

Mri.l03.T.B,44a 

Benny,  Mai,)rJl.i 

S.  t.  B34 

Ru4lun,  M.  555 

Ren.ick,T.  7  7 

RodJ,  U.  T.  434 

Rutheifurd.    Rtght 

Reiford,  A.  J.534 

Rodgers,  8.   103 

Uou.  A.  71 

Reynard,  U.  :(J3 

Rodie,  E.  SJI 

Rutier.  A.  559 

RVnoldi,C»mm.C. 

Rod«ii,  T.  443 

RulllldKe,  1.E.445 

317.    E.b£3.    H. 

Roe,  C.  .S.  550.    M. 

Kuauin.CU.  lUO 

333.    J.  f.  .'.S7. 

E.3U.  IU.R.443. 

Ryan,  M.  555 

S.330 

S.  C.  553,  6tiG 

Ryder,  E.  3S3 

Rhode»,  H.  J,  saa. 

Rofe,  T.  33.1 

Rylan.1,  A.  C.  'JIJI 
SHbel,  F.  315 

R.447.    W.B.IOO 

Rog^r*,  C.  A.  187. 

Rlc«rdu,  H.  H.  423 

j.f;;o,  M.M.M. 

8.bin,J.  E.  3)5 

RicT,  H.  667 

668.     M.V.  lUI. 

Sablae.  C.d.  E.  £44 

Ri<!hardi,E.333.  G. 

R.  H.77.  S.44S. 

Sodleir,  P,  519 

535,  5.53.     Major 

W.  103. 

Salfery,  E.  109                           1 

S.  H.W. 323.  P. 

Boier<un,G.B.64I. 

St.Clair.  E.  r.  670                   ] 

P.3ie 

J.  100 

S'.Georgo.G.  Udy                  J 

Rolie,  Mill  L.  333 

5^6                                        I 

6S4.     E.  R.  553. 

Rulleiton,  A,  535 

St.  John.  M.  8T0.       „.^J 

H.W.H.eeg.  j. 

BullioBi,  C.  670 

R.  W.  99                  J^H 

438,  55S.  M.  4!4. 

Roll*,  E.  064 

SI.  Leger,  Hon.  H.      ^^H 

539.  11.J.T9.  W. 

Roiuilly.  C.  IBS 

^^H 

SIS 

Ronald-,  F.  C.  6T0. 

Sale  n  IX,    Leopold*   .^^^H 
Q.  Prince  of  SB       ^^H 

Rickarby.  A.  V2S 

L.  31S 

Riekardt,  E.  S.  7a 

Rooke,  r.  1)33 

Sali.bury,  Marcblo.     ^^M 

RiekHU,  M.  11.80. 

Room,  J.  66l( 

ntit       IRS               ^^H 

Mr*.  P.  3J.> 

Boopcf,  P.  P.  494 

Salmon,  A.  M.  848.     ^^H 

Hlitddl,M^i«r.Geii. 

RO|>er,A.A.4I6.A. 

Mlt>4V4.   M.m     ^^H 

H.  J.  186 

W.  496 

648.    T.  P;  313        ^^M 

Rid.<iut.J.W.  64« 

Rate.C.  M.  4S5.  G. 

Salomaria,All.  189.     ^^H 

RidUr,  H.  R.  bii 

49^.   Lt.-Col.  U. 

8>Dip<on,L.T.!lia.   ^^H 

Ridout,  R.  im 

H.  917.  L..W.C. 

8.  669.                      ^^H 

Ri(g,  R.  78 

3l6.  MHJ..fG.  P. 

Sail,  H.  535                 ^^H 

Riininciua,A.I>.C70 

hhh 

8ali«HI.F.  B.C.  49i     ^^H 

Ringer.  G.  U."J 

Hoilier,  G.  IB9 

Saiideri,   C*|>t.    P.     ^^H 

RingroiP,  J.  7il 

Kiii,CF,A.I8e.E.I«l 

P.  495.     Capl.J.     ^^H 

Riplay.  Dr.  11.  330. 

Rot),  A.  070.  A.C. 

P.            J.  a»b      ^^^H 

K.W.313,  J. WO 

443.   Capi.  6lrJ. 

8«,.d.Nt.n,  Comn.  ^^H 

Ritchie,  B.  J.  66» 

1B6.  Col.  J,  555 

491                   ^^H 

Ri*en,  M.  KStJ 

Ri.thery.  H.C.4B6. 

Sanilei,  H.  I..  3I3<  ^^H 

Rivenlon.Liird  446 

J.  53V 

■s«        -  ^^H 

Rivington,  Mn.  C. 

Roihwhild,  D^raii- 

SAodford,  A.  N.  «4fr^^^H 

533 

e»M.  .Ie3l4 

Ruach,B.C<l46,&S3. 

Rouiidrll,    II.   314. 

Mr*.      646           ^^^H 

R.G.31* 

R.  445 

Sand..*,      646      ^^^H 

700 

Indw  to  Namn. 

Sii»dvi,  II.33-1 

Senior,  J.  78 

Sim.,  A.  3S9 

Sally.  E.  536. 

SBnruril,(;.(i-0.    E. 

Sewell,  Mit.556 

Simiuii,  E.  667 

333.    Un.S 

A.3I3,*92.     Lt. 

SeymDre.Comm.M. 

SinclMr,E.33I.Lt.- 

Somerrllle,  C» 

J.  A.66T.   W.A. 

433 

Cul.  J.  318 

P.  77.      Mn 

42  i 

Seymour,E.330.  W. 

SinElclon,  C.  44S. 

C.  78 

Siireent,  H.  669 

823 

j'49fi 

Suulli«r.     Vmi 

Sinn.1eri,E.J.334. 

Shadforlh,  T.  425 

Siwn,  H.W.49S 

555 

J.C.K.  315.    J. 

Sbtdwell,  W.  D.  L. 

Siumure,  H.  316 

Souifa.DnnwA. 

H.  J9.    Mr..  H. 

646 

Sken<.  B.  C.  555 

Souihern,  H.4 

C313 

Shinkt.Dr.A.  644 

Sk«ldli>c.  S.  330 

SivKge,A.M.F.3IS 

Sbarp,  R.  lOS 

SiHltDii,  T.  L,  557 

South  (road,  J. 

S>vUe,  A.  A.  314. 

SbAif,  F.  IBS.    S. 

Skipoitb,  MtJOT  U. 

M.  A.  669 

Hail.  F.  99.  Hull. 

10^ 

533 

Sumrrby,  £.91 

Mr..  78 

Sh.rpm,A.M.  53S 

Skipwunb.  C  J.  80 

Spain,  S.  100 

S»ille,  H.  F.  534 

Sharpie  J.  99 

Skriue,F.C.647.  M. 

SpaldifiB,  E.  3 

Savury,  Miu  H.  K 

Shaver,  J.  )0l 

A.  A.  647 

Sp«rke«,  C;.  53i 

445 

Sbiw,  A.  A,  S.  553 

Sladden.C.  316 

I>.  IS.     S.5 

SxitbrideF,  C.  189 

J.  397.    M.  330. 

Slide,  1). 330.  Capt. 

Sparrow,     C. 

Smyrt,C.6W.  R.558 

Mri.E.66B.  Mr.. 

H.I).  189.  F.W. 

Mn.  M.  444 

Scafe.  S.  F.  648 

W.  533 

431.     M.E.433 

Speakm.n,  E. 

Sc«iu«n,W.R.555 

Sbea,  Mr>.  399 

SUnii,  11.  9$ 

Spear,  S.  534 

Sdinriiler,  J.  H.  P 

Shean,  M.  100 

Slater,  1.  216.     R. 

Speck,  E.  J.  ;a 

556 

Sbedden,    MrB.   R. 

H.M.  79 

Speddi»r,   Cap 

Sphiiibbt-n.W.M.gO 

101.   \V.  L.  189 

Sli(:h.,H.S.;9.   J. 

6S6 

ScbuBeM,  J.  6}0 

Sh«e<i,  H.  101 

6UG 

Spence,  E.  1. 1 

ScboUfidJ,C.K.4SG 

Sbeil,  Mil.  446 

Sl.Miiie.Evan.,     W. 

Spencer,  A.  S. 

SehiimberK,  Codini 

Sheldon,  J.  314 

S.  433 

a  C.  79,  Ml 

C.  F.  186 

Sbepbeard,  A.  671. 

SItine,  Col.  W.  H. 

J.  398.     H« 

Schon<*ar,Ll.-Co1 

S.  101 

217 

G.  aas 

J.  5.  IBU 

SbepUerd,    H.  SIS. 

Sebujkr,  A..31B 

W.  S22 

Smitli,  A.  C.  426. 

Sperlini,  H.G. 

ScoheJI,  G.T.  IS6 

Shepp,rd,J.H.532. 

A.S.64T.  C.3i5. 

534.     J.  99 

Scuhip,  Mr.  670 

T.  645 

C.   A.   536,      E. 

Spicer,  Mn.  W 

Scounn,  W.  556 

Sberman,  Majur  T. 

5.15,  556.    E.  J. 

493.N.J.ie, 

ScDlt,   c:.    H.    189. 

557 

la?.     F.  0.  647. 

S.  K.536 

E.A.L.IOO.  En. 

Sherrin,  E.  M,  333 

H.   IBK.      H.   E. 

SpilliilR,  T.  443 

C.    H.   553.     G. 

Sberxon,  J.  U.  BO 

647.    J.  78,  446, 

Spooner,  E.  18: 

331.    H.44T.   J. 

Sber»i„,  E.3I4 

555.     J.  H.  559. 

645 

H.97.     L.A.64T. 

L.  434,  443.     Lr. 

Spottiavoode.S 

Lt.  H.  y.  D.  315. 

T.  M.  313 

F.  W.  79.      L... 

A.  £31 

M.   3U0.     M.  E. 

ShMIle,  R.  C.  316 

Gen.SirH.G.W. 

Spry.  J.  7i 

<i*T.    W.  H.3I5 

Sfaiel,  E.  333 

77.    H.9I9,3I5. 

Spurpeon,  C.W 

Scripiw.  W.  A.  445 

Shilliiu.CaiB 

M.A.  316.  M»jar 

Spurtell,  M.  A, 

Scfi»en,E.  IH7 

Sbire,  L.T.  433 

J.  W.  I»6.    Mill 

Sqiiarey,  R.  66 

S.r»KB',  h<.  H.  443 

Shirl«y,J.  443 

E.  n.  109.    M»* 

Squire.  G.  101. 

Smdamurr,  C.M.A. 

Sbarl,  M.  A.  668 

G.  S.  103.     Mi.. 

R.6-IB 

«7 

Shrubule,  H.  103 

S.  SI9.     Mr>.  J. 

SlBce,  W,  S.  3 

SM-er,  Copl.  J.441 

Shii(tnr,W.B.66T 

100.     M.C.2I6. 

Suckh<>uar,  W 

SmI...  r.  215.     Lt. 

Sbutil-«orih,Lady 

315.    R.  533.    S. 

Swlrard,  G.  64 

F.  S.  78 

K.fi46.    Mr..  319 

645.      T.  t.  79. 

0.4S8 

SMley,  Mri.  J.  533 

Siblry,  E.  919 

T.  D.  Si.  G.  IBB. 

Slamer,  C.  M. 

S.  nriM,  E.  334 

Sidney,  A.  €47.     E. 

V.  C.  315.      W. 

Bianbruugh,!. 

Sewo...  W.  215 

A.  6'47.  M.  E.  933 

495.   W.  R.  533 

Standen,  J.  S3 

Seeker,  S.  667 

Sierier,  K.  315 

.Smilhie.,  A.  R.  423 

Seci.^t».i,  C,  P.  645 

SilM,A.  671 

Smytl.,  K.  M.  434. 

335.      W.  H 

SeJRtr.T.  m 

Simm»nr1t.P.K..i39. 

M..i<.rW.M.559. 

SlAiinr.  MiMJ 

Se<-I<7,  AJr.  J.  330 

E.  L.558.  K.339 

Mr..M.E.A.8Z0 

Slaiiliopr,H.E. 

Sef..^ii,  C.  W.  E«l 

Kimpkii.Bon,  M.   L. 

Smyib<-,  Cumm.  S. 

425 

of  lt<6 

64H 

3J2.  E.Lady554. 

Slanilbrth,  A. 

Sell.v,  J.  070 

Slmpioii,(:.535.  H. 

J.64S 

Sunl*r.  A,  P. 

S-lkirk,  S.  A.  533 

558.  J.W.  S.  493. 

Smytliiet,  C.  666 

C.  78.  H.  a 

Sellur,  P.  f;69 

UdyF.3i4.     M. 

Sneyd,  A.  R.  189 

J-M.    H.r 

SelHyii,  H.  D.  554. 

A.330.   M.1L78, 

Sno.,  A.  669 

Staiinwtl,  C.  a 

M.  E.  ew 

187.     R.  J.  646. 

S.>den,  M*jor  E.  C. 

S..„io.,,  W.  I 

Semple,  R.67I 

W.316.  W.L.663 

339 

SUDiwIl,  C.  C. 

Index  to  Names. 


701 


Staples,  C.  646.  Lt. 

T.  553 
Starkie,  M.  Y.  441 
Staunton,    £.   424. 

J.  214 
Siaveley,   M.    102. 

T.  G.  423 
Steele,  Capt.  T.  M. 

644 
Steinkopff,  A.  333 
Stephen,  J.  556 
Stephens,  Mrs.  187 
Stephenson,  E.  647. 

J.  534 

Stericker,E.M.2l9. 

W.  446 
Sterry,  F.  424 
Steuart,  M.  534 
Stevens,  H.  315 
Steven8on,J.  G.188. 

L.  329 
Stewart,      A.      80. 

Capt.  H.  77.C0I. 

M.  219.     Comm. 

H.   312.     C.  W. 

H.    555.     D.    D. 

187.     H.  I.  425. 

Lt.  H.  423.     M. 

A.  C  C.  to 
Stiganl,  D.  314 
Stirling, Capt. Sir  J. 

186.  Mrs.  C.  646. 

O.  C.  557 
Stock,  Dr.  77 
Siockdale,  A.  100 
Sleeken,  F.  555 
Stockham,  J.  H.  78 
Stokes,  H.J.  78.  J. 

330 
Stone,  A.  329.     F. 

220.     J.  B.  444. 

Lt.  553 
Stonestreet,  M.   G. 

102 
Stopfurd,  Hon.   M. 

312.     Hon.  Mrs. 

M.  446 
Storie,  A.  E.  C.  100 
Storry,  J.  H.  78 
Story,Col.  E.  R.223. 

J.    S.    103.   Mrs. 

E.  330 
Stow,  W.  645 
Stowell,  H.  429 
Strachey,Mrs.L.M. 

533 
Strangways,  E.  443 
Straton,  R.  329 
Stralton,  F.  E.  221 
Sireatfeild,F.C.80. 

J.   189.    M.  553. 

R. S.98 
Street,  A.  W.  214 
Strettell,  A.  B.  532 
Strickland,  H.  647 


Stringfield,  J.  447 
Strode,  A.  C.  646. 

S.  669 
Strutt,  Rt.  Hon.  E. 

186 
Stuart,  G.  W.    187. 
Lady  L.  334,  Q^Q 
Stupart,  R.  219 
Sturgeon,  L.  219 
Styan,  T.  535 
Suckling,  R.W.  423. 

R>.  A*  665 
Sudell,  H.  444 
Sullivan,  E.  79 
Summers,  A.  S.  643 
Sumner,  Mrs.  J.M. 

78.     R.  313 
Surtees,  R.  187,422 
Sutherland,  F.  535. 

Mrs.  G.  78 
Sutton,  Ll.-Col.W. 
644.     M.B.  424. 

R.  424,  536.      S. 
B.  78 
Swabey,  W.  77 
Swaine,  E.  554 
Swale,  H.  J.  80 
Swales,  J.  E.  79 
Swan,  H.  97 
Swarbreck,  T.  79 
Swatman,  F.  316 
Swayne,  T.  P.  646 
Sweeney,  E.  5.?3 
Swettenharo,      Dr. 

W.  K.  532 
Swift,  J.  442 
Sworder,  M.  102 
Symes,  Capt.  G.  F. 

d9,     J.  G.  424 
Syroonds,     E.     M. 

Lady  555 
vSynge,  A.  H.  313 
Tagg,  S.  668 
Talbot,     Capt.    J. 

444.      Miss  423. 

Mrs.  C.  533.    W. 

101 
Talboys,  H.  C.  314 

Tanner,E.80.  W. 

443 
Tarrant,  P.  K.  556 
Tatharo,T.  C.  425 
Tattersall,  M.C.I  89 
Tatton,  E.  217 
Tatum,  D.  335 
Tayler,  C.  M.  102 
Taylor,  A.  646.     A. 

R.  667.     C.  446, 

534.     E.  C.  318. 

J.  645.     Lady  C. 

W.   646.      L.  S. 

536.      Mrs.  669. 

R.445.  S.E.646. 

T.  315,  443.    W. 

316,443.W.F.422 


Tebbs,  M.  E.  554       Tiplady,  C.  H.  554 
Tebbutt,  F.  221  Tireman,     A.     G. 

Tedlie,  Capt.  J.186        535 
Teevan,  W.  329  Titt,  A.  315 

Tekell,  Lady  G.667    Tobin,  M.  C.  219 
Temple,  C.  644  Todd,  F.  444 

Templeman,  R.  668    Toler,  Lady  L  80 
Templer,  M.  445        ToUey,  H.  444 
Templeton,  R.  423     Tombs,  J.  334 
Tennant,    E.    447.   Tomline,  J.  558 

G.  219  Tompkins,  Capt.  N. 

Tennent,  E.  670  R.  559 

Terrell,  W.  333  Toms,  M.  333 

Terrey,  A.  M.  Q69     Tonkin,  L.  80 
Tharp,  B.  H.  442.    Toosey,  C.  S.  665 

T.  R.  553  Torlesse,  L.  558 

Theakstone,  H.  221    Torr,  M.  447 
Tbesinger,  J.  S.  423    Torrance,  M.  330 
Tbimm,  F.  647  Torre,    C.    E.  444. 

Tbistlethwayte,  C.  S.  557 

Mrs.  T.  533  Torrens,  J.  21.? 

Thom,  J.  100.     R.    Toiswill,  J.  80 

222  Tottenham,    J.    F. 

Thomas,     A.      78.        535 

Capt.  A.  W.  442.    Tower,  L  647 

G.    187.     J.    H.   Towgood,  F.  671 

426.        M.     187.    Townlev,C.  W.  426, 

Mrs.  558.  T.  219        Lt.-Col.  188 
Thomason,     P.     B.   Townsend,  F.   328. 

Lady  332  M.  443.      Major 

Thompson,  Col.  R.        £.    328.      S.    L. 

441.  E.  219,445.        532 

E.  L.  646.   F.  H.    Travers,  E.  647.   J. 

645.  G.  424.    J.        103.     M.2I8 
422,  645.      J.  L.    Treacher,  J.  S.  78 
218.  M.426.  Mr.    Trebeck,  A.  669.  T, 
Aid.  77.     W.  A.        216 
532.    W.  H.  554,    Trelawney,  C.  426 

646,  648  Trench,  W.  C.   P. 
Thomson,   Col.    R.        313 

330.     J.  670.    J.    Trevillow,  S.  555 

D.  221.      L.  316.    Trew,  M.  220 

Mrs.  556.  S.  220,   Trewmaii,A.  H.  P. 

222.     W.  447  187 

Thornhill.   G.   424.    Tripe,  E.  670 

H.  B.  536  Tritton,  W.  221 

Thornton,  J.  L.  329    Trirett,  A.  E.  671 
Thorold,  J.  647  Trollope,  Lady  533 

Thorp,  E.  316.  Lt.-   Trotter,  Hon.  Mrs, 

Col.  E.  186  188 

Thorpe,  L.  M.  423.   Trueroan,  S.  315 

M.  557  Tuck,  E.  535 

Throsby.  A.  329         Tucker,    Capt.    T. 


Thurlow,  S.  669 
Thurnam,  J.  315 
Thurston,  S.  668 
Tice,  J.  C.  G.  186 


314.  Lt.G.  J.B. 
553.  Rear-Adm. 
Sir  E.  186.  W.G. 
187 


Tidy,  Major  T.  H.  Tuflfncll,  T.  R.  316 

218  Tufnell,  M.  L.  330 

Tiernev,  T.  446  Tull,  S.  330 

Tigar,'P.  556  Tullock,  J.  218 

Tills,  A.  E.  557  Tullob,    Mist    M. 

Timpson,  Major  446  316 

Tindal,   C.  J.  533.  Tunney,  J.  668 

W.  671  Turk,  C.  444 


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424 

Whi;i4lMr.  G.  9 

l,t.-C..I,C.T. 

Wt,lln,  H.  .M.  634. 

W«H,  F.  F.  314 

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ViEK^ti,  E.  H. 

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M.  434     Mn 

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R.  187 

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Wlli^CJ.  I|» 

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?3.  W.  43a 

B34 

WUd^A.S.7a 

Index  to  Names. 


708 


Wiley,  Aid.  T.  667 
Wilford.Capt.  E.N. 

77 
Wilkins,  T.  H.645 
Wilkinson, F.M.647. 

H.G45.    H.J. 188. 

H.    VV.  214.      J. 

221.    R.  222.    R. 

C.  W.  328.     W. 

E.  333,  441.     W. 

F.  215 
Wil*ks,IVl.M.A.670 
Willcork,    G.    187. 

J.  W.  421 
Willement,H.J.671 
Willett,  B.  P.  101 
Williams,  Capt.  M. 

312.     D.  J.  64a. 

E.445.    H.S.314. 

I.M.  102.    J.426. 

J.  C.  444.     L.  B. 

535.     M.  E.  535. 

Mrs.  M.  219.     P. 

188.  R.  331.    R. 

D.  G69.     S.     B. 

189.  T.  H.  316. 
T.  L.  422.  W. 
R.  188 

Williamson,  Lt.-Col. 

D.    667.     Lt.  G. 

312.     R.  422 
Willie,  R.  334 
Willink,C.  H.  331 
Willis,  A.  327 
Willmorf,  G.  421 
Willmott,    C.    536. 

R    2*^0 
Willoushby,  H.440 
Wills,  I.  80.   T.  556 
WilUhire,  W.  442 
Wilmot,  Capt.  F.E. 

315 


Wilson,  A.  R.  535. 

E.  C.  316.     P.C. 

220.    J.  220.    M. 

E.   Q(yQ,     M.  M. 

534.   Mr.  Aid.  77. 

W.534.  W.n.440 
Windeler,  L.  F.  80 
VVindlts,  J.  422 
Wing,C.632.  E..558. 

M.  316 
Wingard,  Dr.T.  556 
VVinkwortb,M.  221 
Winstanley,  J.  446 
Winter,Mr8.J.314. 

W.  100 
Winterton,  J.  446. 

R.  667 
Winthrop,H.E.S.77 
Wise,  J.  E.  E.  100 
Witheiden,  1.  332 
Withers,  M.  99 
Witty,  J.  F.  313 
Wodebouse,  B.  443. 

C.  189.     Capt.  E. 

312 
Wolfe,    K.    J.    219. 

R.  C.  98 
Wollaston,D.O.  647 
VVolley,Capt.F.328. 

S.  80 
Wolrige,    Capt.  W. 

186 
Wood,A.H.3l6.    F. 

668.     F.   J.  535. 

Gen.    J.   S.   441. 

H.   222,  647.     J. 

100,  534.     J.  E. 

534.     J.  P.  535. 

M.A.F.102.   Miss 

E.  533.     Miss  P. 

445.     R.   H.   78. 

W.  P.  423 


Woodd,  C.  B.  535 
Woodfordp,  W.   G. 

188 
Woodgate,  Capt.  F. 

330 
Woodbuuse,  F.  J. A. 

535 
Woodley,  R.  532 
WoodrooflFe,    N.  G. 

665 
Woods,  E.  78.     Lt. 

T.  312 
Wood  ward, Capt  .80. 

H.  313.     J.  447. 

M.  78 
Woodyer,  H.  425 
Woolley,  F.  313 
Woolrycb,     E.     A. 

447 
Worlledge,  E.  80 
Wor maid,  E.M. 333. 

M.  1.  665 
Wor8ley,Capt.T.T. 

669 
Worsop,  J.  A.  101 
Worth,  S.  221 
Won  ley,  Hon.  Mrsi. 

J.  S.  533 
Wraitb,  J.  536 
Wray,  W.  H.  315 
Wren,  A.  426.     C. 

M.B.  330 
Wrenford,W.H.187 
Wriford,  Comm.  S. 

312 
Wright,  C.  78.     F. 

667.  H.  78.  J.P. 

78.      L.  M.  316. 

Mrs.  E.  329.     R. 

334,  557.     T.  C. 

424.  W.S19»316, 

422 


Wrixon,  H.  B.  648 
Wroughton,M.331 
WulflF,  Major  H.  P. 

186 
Wyatt,  Capt.  A.  H. 

L.644.  F.E.315. 

S.  N.  220 
Wylde,  E.  329 
Wyncb,   F.    M.    F. 

646 
Wyndbam,    E.    G. 

332.  Mrt.  E.  813 
Wynball,  C.  79 
Wynn,    Major   W. 

218 
Wynter,  A.  F.  422 
Wyse,    Miss  J.   £. 

441 
Yarborougby  C*teff 

of  423 
Yarde,  Mrs.  187 
Yar  Mabomed  553 
Yates,  E.  F.  189.  J. 

442.  M.J.  79 
Yatman,W.H.  426 
Yeomans,  J.-  557 
Yerburgb,  R.  187 
YolUnd,    Mrs.    W. 

646 
Yonge,  M.  H.  188 
Yor8toun,W.G.9?l 
Young,  C.  77,  218. 

Captain  K.  239. 

ComiD.  J.  L.  555* 

E.  W.  531.    G.  F. 

186.    H.  C.   426. 

J.  101.  J.S.  668. 

Lt..Cul.J.R.186. 

M.  556 
Younger,  T.  532 
Zornliii,  E.  281 


704 


LIST  OF  EMBELLISHMENTS  TO  THE  VOLUME. 


Those  marked  *  are  Vignettes. 

*The  Infinity  of  Geometric  Design,  illustrations  of  ... 

*Thu  Principalities,  representation  of,  from  the  Beauchamp  Chapel,  Warwick 
♦An  Archangel,  from  **  Queen  Mary's  Psalter"  .... 

*An  Angel,  from  Beverley  Minster    ..... 
Portrait  of  Charles  Beauclerk,  Duke  of  St.  Alban*s,  eldest  son  of  Nell  Gwyn  \ 
Portrait  of  James  Lord  Bcauclcrk,  son  of  Nell  Gwyn  •  .  ^ 

♦Plan  of  the  Collegiate  Chapel  at  Arundel      .... 
♦Coffin  of  Mary  Countess  of  Arundel,' 1557  .... 
♦Seal  and  Counterseal  of  Sir  John  Pelham,  temp.  Hen.  VI. 
The  Old  Church  of  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields  i 
Covcnt  Garden  Market  temp.  Cliarles  II.         J  *  *  * 

•The  Tetramorph,  from  a  Syriac  MS.  of  the  Fourth  Century 

• from  Enamel  of  the  Twelfth  Century 

♦Ruins  of  Vaudi-y  Abbey,  co.  Liuculn  .... 

♦Seal  of  Tlionias  Gome,  with  a  Merchant's  Mark 

♦Coventry  Halfpenny  ...... 

♦Symbol  of  St.  Luke,  from  a  Spanish  MS.  of  the  Ninth  Century 
♦Symbol  of  St.  John,  found  in  a  Chinese  joss-house 
*MS.  Book  in  the  Pali  character,  in  the  British  Museum 
Pilgrims^  Galley,  of  Venice,  lying  off  Rhodes,  A.D.  1483 

arrived  ut  Jaffa,  A.D.  1483 

♦Monument  of  a  Priestess  of  Isis,  found  at  Rome     . 

♦Sculpture  of  a  Mythraic  group)  found  at  Rome 

♦Cippus,  sculptured  with  an  elephant  and  a  tower  on  its  back,  found  at  Rome 

North-West  View  of  Beltun  Church,  Lincolnshire  \ 

Norman  Font  in ) 

North  Front  of  llartwell  House,  Buckinghamshire     . 

Staircase  at  HartwcU  House   ...... 

The  Muniment  Roiun  at  Hartwell  House       .... 

Androgynous  Bust  from  the  ruins  of  ancient  Tyre,  now  in  the  Musenm  at  Hartwell 
House  ........ 

Portrait  of  William  Wyon,  R.A  ..... 


F 

18- 


43. 


END  OF  VOL.  XXXVI. 


Loudon :  J,  B.  Nichols  and  Son,  '25,  Parliament  Street.