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PREFACE. 


LoKD  Bacon  sa3r8—  "  Some  books  are  to  be  tasted^  others  to  be  swal< 
lowed,  and  some  to  be  chewed  and  digested ;  that  is,  some  books  are  to 
be  read  in  some  parts,  others  to  be  read  bat  not  cnrioosly,  and  some  few 
to  be  read  wholly,  and  with  diligence,  and  attention;  some  books  also 
may  be  read  by  deputy,  and  extracts  made  of  them  by  others."  If  tlus 
was  jndicioDS  and  useful  advice,  at  a  time  when  books  were  comparatively 
few — ^rari  nantes  in  gnrgite  vasto — how  much  is  added  to  its  weight  and 
importance,  now  that  the  press  groans  with  its  perpetual  births ;  and  that 
it  is  not  only  impossible  to  read  all  the  productions  of  modem  literature  in 
any  one  of  its  various  branches,  but  even  difficult  to  ascertain  their 
existence.  The  forest  is  so  thick,  that  one  tree  shuts  out  the  view  of 
another ;  and  each  succeeding  author  obliterates  the  name  of  his  prede- 
cessor. Those  books  therefore  may,  in  the  language  of  Bacon,  be  called 
the  Deputks  of  the  reader,  which  present  to  him,  in  a  brief  and  correct 
form  the  latest  contributions  made  to  literature,  and  enable  him  to 
estimate  their  value }  by  the  aid  of  which  he  may  select  what  is  most  con- 
genial to  his  own  pursuits,  or  what  is  worthy  of  deeper  investigation. 
Such  has  long  been  the  intent  of  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  and  we 
are  deeply  indebted  to  many  Correspondents  for  their  valuable  assistance 
in  promoting  the  success  of  our  labours.  If,  in  the  other  divisions  of  our 
work,  we  appear  to  the  reader  of  modem  books  to  linger  too  long  amidst 
the  relics  of  antiquity — stare  super  vias  tatiquas — he  must  recollect  that 
we  are  only  drinking  higher  up  of  the  very  same  stream  which  refreshes 
him,  and  gathering  up  some  of  those  venerable  and  valuable  remains 
which  have  been  accidentally  retarded  in  the  channel  of  Hme,  and 
dropped  neglected,  or  forgotten,  on  its  shores.  We  shall  only  add,  that 
we  trust  our  readers,  in  comparing  our  late  eflforts  with  those  of  our  prede- 
cessors, will  not  find  our  diligence  relaxed,  or  our  power  of  affording 
instruction  diminished ;  and  that  it  will  not  be  said  of  us,  as  the  Roman 
historian  said  of  Scipio, — "  Ultima  primis  cedebant." 

July  1,  1835. 


U.^T  OF  £MBELUSHMEXTS  TO  THE  VOLUME. 


TH«ae  m^ktd  ikm*  *  are  VigMUc«,  printed  with  the  letter-preu. 

Page 

lAterxfT  View  of  die  PftntlieoD,  Oxford  Street 44 

Ispehal  Greek  Coiiu  hitherto  anpablished — Locios  Vems;  Barbia  Or- 

biana ;  Plantilla ;  Gordlaniis  and  Tranqaillioa ;  SeTerus  Alexander.  . .  26 

Two  Views  of  Chapel  Plaster,  Wilts 143 

*Cbarch  of  St.  Edmand  on  the  Bridge,  Exeter 148 

Plan  of  OgmoTC  Castle,  co.  Glamorgan 243 

Specimens  of  Monomental  Architecture  and  Scolptare  of  Great  Britain — 
Tomb  in  the  Temple  Church — Monuments  of  Sir  Robert  de  Vere,  in 
Sudborough  Church ;  and  of  Sir  Roger  Minors  and  Lady,  in  Duffield 
Church,  256. — Monuments  in  the  Churches  of  Wolston,  Ashford, 

and  Churchover 257 

View  of  Clevedon  Court,  Somerset 359 

Imperial  Greek  Coins  hitherto  unpublished — Vespasian ;  Hadrian ;  Ma- 

crinus;  Philip;  and  Gordian .369 

Castles  of  Ogmorc  and  Newcastle,  co.  Glamorgan 489 

*Sceatta  of  Offa,  found  at  Kempston 495 

Church  of  St.  Ebbe,  Oxford 496 

Monuments  of  the  Family  of  Long,  at  Wraxall  and  Draycot  Ceme,  Wilts.  .586 

Two  Views  of  a  Crypt  at  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark 602 

*Ground-plan  of  the  same  Crypt 603 

*Arm8  of  the  Cavendish  Family,  at  Cavendish,  Suffolk 612 


THE  /i/,v7 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE.  ' 

JANUARY,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 


PAes 


MiKO*  CoKftESFOKSKNCB — Record  Calendan — Change  in  the  distant  view  of 
modem  London — Nomber  of  Provincial  Institutions  ? — Street  Tunnels,  5ic. .     9 

MiMOIKB  or  THE  LiFX  AND  CORKXSPONDBNCB  OF  MbS.  HaNNAH  MoRB 3 

DiAar  OF  A  LbvBB  or  Litbbatobb 15 

HiSTOKicAL  Cbabactkju,  by  Sir  J.  Mackihtobb — Earl  of  Sunderland,  19. — 
Earl  of  Rochester,  20. — Marquis  of  Halifax,  SI. — Lord  Godolpbin;  Judge 
JeSnja,  23. — Queen  of  James  II 24 

Rare  and  unpublished  Coins  of  Roman  Empbrors,  Casars,  and  Em prkbsbb, 
struck  in  Greek  Cities,  25. — Lucius  Verus  ;  Barbia  Orbiana,  26.— PUutilla ; 
Gordianns  and  Tranquillina  ;  Severus  Alexander 27 

On  Norman  Frbkch  Pobtry — Romance  of  La  Violette,  29. — Romance  of 
Eustace  the  Monk 31 

RxcoRO  Commission,  No.  V. — Liber  Niger;  Liber  Rubens  Scaccarii,  35. — 
Liber  Feodorum,  36»-Rotuli  Hundredorum ;  Placita  de  Quo  Warranto  ....   38 

On  the  Classification  of  the  Alphabetic  Letters 41 

Historical  Notices  of  Balloons — Burning  in  Effigy,  and  Judas'  Light 43 

The  Anglo-Saxon  Controversy 43 

The  Psntheon  Baxaar ;  notices  of  Papier  Mache 44 

Royal  Society  of  Literature  and  Mr.  Roscoe  on  the  Holkham  Manuscripts. 45 

Memorials  op  Literary  Charactxhb,  No.  V. 

Letters  of  Dyer  the  Poet,  and  Dr.  Johnson 47 

Letters  of  the  Right  Hon.  Charles  James  Fox 4H 

Will  of  Cower  the  Poet,  anno  1408 49 

RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW.— Writings  of  Sir  Richard  Blackmore 51 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
KcT.  Dr.  Croly  on  Divine  Providence,  57. — Sir  E.  Brydges'  Imaginative  Bio- 
gr^ihy,  59. — Mrs.  Bray's  Warleigh,  61.— Tlie  Governour,  by  Sir  T.  Elyot ; 
Ker  on  the  Archaiology  of  English  Phrases,  63. — Gordon's  Belgium  and  Hol- 
land, 64. — Clarke's  Eastbury,  65. — Collectanea  Topograjihica  et  Genealogita, 
67. — The  Annoals — Book  of  Beauty,  70. — New  Year's  Gift,  71. — Lite- 
rary Souvenir,  72. — Clavis  Homiletica,  &c 73 

FIXE  ARTS. — Royal  Academy,  73.— Flemish  Pictures  ;  Cooke's  Views  in  Lon- 
don ;  the  Northern  Tourist ;  Panorama  of  P^re  La  Chaise,  &c 74 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  75.— Learned  Societies,  76,  77. — Northern  Professorships 
of  the  English  Language,  77. — Prologues  and  Epilogue  at  Westminster 
School,  78. — Sale  of  Mr.  Heber's  Library 79 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries— Roman  Remains 
in  Kent  Street,  Southwark,  and  in  Eastcheap,  London 81 

HISTORICALCHRONICLE.— DomesticOccurrences,  83.— Promotions,  Births, 
and  Marriages 84 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  Duke  of  Gloucester,  86.— Earl  Spencer,  89 — Sir 
Gilbert  Blane,  Bart.  93.— Col.  Sir  M.  M'Creagh  ;  Lt.-Col.  Leighton,  94.— 
Capt.  F.  Palmer,  C.B.  96.— Capt  G.  W.  Hamilton,  C.B.;  Capt.  Willock ; 
W.  R.  Spencer,  Esq.  98.— Thos.  Telford,  Esq 99 

Clxrgt  Deceased,  102. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties 107 

Bill  of  Mortality — ^Markets — Prices  of  Shares,  1 II — ^Meteorological  Diary — Stocks  1 1 2 

Embellished  with  an  Interior  View  of  the  Pantheon,  Oxford  Stx««X.\ 
And  Eugravingi!  of  Imperial  Greek  Co\>;». 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


X  remarks :  The  gross  blunders  in  the 
Record  Calendars,  upon  the  printing  of 
which  the  public  have  expended  so  much 
money,  and  the  Commissioners  so  little 
care,  have  been  exposed  in  very  many  in- 
stances.    I   question,  however,  whether 
there   can  be  exhibited   a   more  glaring 
concentration  of  enormities  than  in  the 
following  case  in  the  Index  to  the  first 
volume  of  the  Inq.  p.  Mortem,  to  which 
I   had  lately  occasion  to  refer.     Under 
the  head  of   St.  Amond    are   nine  re- 
ferences, only  tkrte  of  which  are  correct. 
The  rest  are  all  St.  Andrew,  and  even 
these  are  not  correct,  inasmuch  as  John 
in  the  Index  proves  to  be  Ralph,  and 
Richard  to  be  Roger,  &c.  Let  as  hope  that 
future   Sub  -  Commissionera  will  not  be 
permitted  to  lighten  their  labours  while 
they  darken   ueir   subject.     It   is  bad 
enough  to  have  a  gutter  of  text  in  a  plain 
of  folio,  but  to  be  favoured  with  false 
direction-posts  to  these  wells  in  the  desert, 
is  verily  and  indeed  abominable !     And 
then  too,  when  we  get  to  these  fountains 
of  pure  water,  we  are  only  permitted  to 
tcoop  up  a  tea>spoonful  of  information, 
which  tea-spoonftil  is  in  many  instances 
muddy  and  undrinkable,  and  to  quench 
our  thirst  (for  which  as  a  public  we  have 
already  paid  so  handsomely)  we  have,  as 
individuals,  to  heap  fee  upon  fee  for  the 
dragons  who  keep  guard  overthe  springs  of 
knowledge,  before  the  treasure  can  be  even 
gazed  upon — "  facit  indignatio  querelas." 
K.  M.  "  having  gone  into  the  City 
a  few  days  ago  in  an  omnibus,  took  a 
walk  over  the  new  London  Bridge,  and 
stept  into  the  church  of  St.  Mary  Overie, 
now  called  St.  Saviour's.    How  beauti- 
fully (he  remarks)  the  dioir  part  is  fitted 
up  for  service  ;   and   the  altar  screen, 
though  upon    a   smaller   scale,  appears 
little,  if  at  all,  inferior  in  the  elegant  pro- 
portions and  arrangement  of  its  parts  to 
that  of  Winchester.    The  restoration  of 
the  Lady  Chapel  will  be  at  least  one  in- 
stance of  good  taste  in  the  present  age. 
The  whole  eastern  fa9ade  of  the  building 
being  opened  to  view,  forms  now  a  very 
fine  and  striking  object  in  the  approach 
from  that  quarter  towards  London  Bridge. 
The  bridge  itself  commands  a  rich  view  of 
spires  and  towers  and  pinnacles, — along 
with  the  rn^esty  of  St.  Paul's.    But  I 
could  not  help  making  one  remark, — 
which  applies  to  almost  every  part  of  the 
metropolis.     The   large,  clumsy,  heavy, 
flat,  box-looking  buildings  ojf  the  present 
day,  where  greatness  of  dimension  ap. 


pear*  to  be  the  sole  aim,  Without  any  re- 
gard of  just  proportion  to  the  relative  bulk 
qfturroundintf  objeett  of  far  more  elegance 
in  themselves,  are  very  prejudicial  to  the 
general  effect.  Fishmongers'  Hall  dimi- 
nishes in  this  way  the  consequence  of 
numerous  City  spires  and  towers,  which 
have  the  further  disadvantage  of  greater 
distance  to  increase  the  contrast  of  size, 
and  lessen  their  comparatiTe  importance. 
These  were  in  good  proportion  before,  to 
the  old  common-stEed  houses.  Carlton - 
terrace  in  the  same  way  injures  the  Horse 
Goarda,  &c.  Perhaps  this  evil  may  pro- 
ceed from  an  ill-judged  imitation  of  the 
Modem  Athens.  Even  the  elegant  St. 
Saviour's  seems  to  crouch  between  two 
Edinburgh  Utnda." 

Z.  would  feel  much  obliged  if  any  Cor- 
FMpondent  or  Secretary  of  a  Scientific  or 
Literary  Society,  would  have  the  goodness 
to  send  a  notice  of  the  Societies  in  his 
own  county,  as  it  would  be  an  object  of 
considerable  interest  to  ascertain  how 
many  and  of  what  description  are  such 
institutions  in  England,  and  might  enable 
scientific  persons  to  correspond  on  parti- 
cular points  of  local  information.  The 
writer  is  about  to  assist  in  the  establish- 
ment of  one  in  a  county  where  there  is  at 
present  nothing  of  the  sort. 

D.  C  proposes  that  moderate  sized 
tunnels,  with  steps  to  descend  into  them, 
should  be  made  under  the  principal  cross- 
ings of  some  of  the  most  frequented 
streets,  which  would  evidently  be  a  very 
great  security  and  convenience  to  footpas- 
sengera,  crowded  as  some  of  those  streets 
are,  vrith  omnibuses,  cabs,  &c.  &c. :  such 
as  Cheapside,  Newgate-street,  Ludgate- 
hill,  Regent-street,  Charing  Cross,  &c.&c 
A  policeman  or  street-keeper  should  be 
constantly  on  duty  there  to  prevent 
nuisances,  and  the  tunnels  might  be 
closed  by  doors  at  night 

The  Communications  of  M.  D.,  F.  O., 
and  Plantagbnkt,  in  our  next. 

Our  former  Correspondent  feels  obliged 
to  E.  M— n. 

The  compiler  of  the  memoir  of  Sir 
John  Leach,  in  our  last  number,  ought  to 
have  ackno«cledged  that  he  was  chiefly  in. 
debted  for  the  character  of  the  deceased 
to  the  L^al  Observer. 

Vol.  iL  p.  646,  b.  45,  for  J.  Emra,  Dr. 
Charlton,  read  R.  Carrow,  W.  Knight. 

P.  651.  Mr.  Penn's  brother's  name 
should  be  "  Granville"  instead  of  "  Gren- 
ville." 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE. 


MEMOIRS  OP  THE   LIFE  AXD  CORRESPONDENCE  OF 
MRS.  HANNAH  MORE. 

By  William  Roperts,  Esa.     4  vols. 

HANNAH  MORE,  the  youngest  but  one  of  tlie  five  dauijhters  of  Jacob 
More,  who  was  descended  from  a  respectable  family  at  Harlef^ton  in  Nor- 
folk, was  liorn  in  I  7'l.*»,  in  the  parish  of  Stapleton,  in  tl»e  coimity  of  Glou- 
cester. Her  iDOther  was  the  daughter  of  a  farmer,  whose  cducatinu  liafl 
been  plain  and  suitable  to  her  station  ;  but  to  whose  soundness  of  judg- 
ment, and  strong  good  sense  iii  the  culture  and  regulation  of  her  chil- 
dren, the  credit  and  success  t!iat  attended  tbem,  has,  as  the  biographer 
observes,  been  deservedly  attributed.  Mr.  More  was  himself  a  Tor)^  and 
High  ChurchTnaii,  the  rest  of  the  family  were  Presbyterians,  and  the 
daughters  of  Mr.  Jacob  More  had  frequently  heard  their  father  say  that 
lie  bad  two  great-uncles  Captains  in  Cromwell's  array,  Mr.  Jacob  More's 
mother  appears  to  have  possessed  a  miud  of  more  than  ordinary  vigour. 
She  uaod  to  tell  her  younger  relations,  that  they  would  have  knoxMi  how 
to  value  Go8{>eI  privileges,  had  they  lived  like  her,  in  the  days  of  proscrip- 
tion and  persecution,  when  at  midnight  the  worshippers  went  with  stealthy 
steps  through  the  mow,  to  hear  the  words  of  inspiration  delivered  by  a 
holy  man  at  her  father's  house,  while  her  father,  with  a  drawn  sword, 
guarded  tlie  entrance  from  violent  or  profane  iiitrusioa  ;  adding,  that  they 
boarded  the  minister  and  kept  his  horse  for  10/.  per  aiinnro.  Mrs. 
Haivuah  More  was  named  after  her  mother's  only  sister,  whose  memory 
was  so  reverentially  cherished  in  the  family. — Hannah  was  distinguished 
even  from  an  early  age  by  great  quickness  of  apprehension,  retcntive- 
ness  of  memory r  and  a  thirst  for  knowledge  ;  when  she  was  between 
three  and  four  years  old,  slie  had  taught  herseff  to  read,  and  repeated  the 
catechism  iu  the  church  in  a  manner  which  excited  the  admiration  of  the 
minister  of  the  parish.  Her  nurse  had  lived  in  the  familif  of  Dryden  the 
jfoet,  whose  son  she  had  attended  in  his  last  illness  ;  and  the  inquisitive 
mind  of  the  little  Hannah  was  continually  prompting  her  to  ask  questions 
alwut  the  celebrated  poet.  At  eight  vears  old  her  love  of  learning  was 
conspicuous,  and  her  success  so  great  in  the  advancement  of  her  studies, 
that  her  father,  nho  taught  her  the  rudiments  of  Latin  and  the  mathe- 
matics, was  alarmed  at  her  rapid  progress  towards  what  he  considered 
female  pedantry.  The  French  language  she  learned  frum  her  elder  sister, 
and  from  the  society  of  some  French  officers  settled  in  her  neighbour- 
fa<MKl.  That  there  was  some  fascination  iu  lier  nianncrs,  and  intelligence 
in  her  conversation,  we  may  presume  from  a  cnnous  anecdote  that  is  men- 
tioned. AV'hen  she  was  ulwut  sixteen,  a  dangerous  illness  brought  her 
under  the  care  of  Dr.  Woodward,  a  physician  of  eminence  in  that  day, 
and  distinguished  by  his  correct  taste.  (In  one  of  his  visits,  being  led 
into  eonversAtinn  with  bis  patient  on  sabjects  of  literature,  he  forgot  the 
puq>ose  of  his  visit  in  the  fascination  of  her  talk  ;  till  suddenly  recollect- 


4  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Correspondeitee  of  Hannah  More.     [Jan. 

iiig  himself,  when  he  was  half  way  down  stairs,  he  cried  out,  ♦'  Bless  me  ! 
1  forgot  to  ask  the  girl  how  she  was ;"  and  returned  to  the  room,  exclaim^ 
ing,  *•  How  are  you  to-day,  my  poor  child  r"     Among  her  early  acquaint- 
auce,  she  was  indebted  for  the  improvement  of  her  taste,  and  for  the 
acgnisition  of  just' critical  knowledge,  io  none  more  tBan  to  a  linen-draper 
of  the  name  of  Peach,  at  Bristol,  with  whom  the  following  curious  story 
is  connected. — ^He  had  been  the  friend  of  Hw$te  the  historian,  who  had 
shown  his  confidence  in  his  judgment  by  intrusting  to  him  the  correctioD 
of  his  History,  in  which  he  used  to  say  Ke  had  discovered  more  than  two 
hundred  Scotticisms ;  but  for  him  it  appears  that  two  years  of  the  histo- 
rian's life  might  have  passed  into  oblivion,  which  were  spent  in  a  mer- 
chant's counting-house  at  Bristol,  whence  he  was  dismissed,  on  account 
of  his  being  too  apt  to  correct  the  letters  he  was  commanded  to  cofy. 
More  than  twenty  years  after  the  death  of  Mr.  Peach,  Hannah  More  being 
in  company  with  Dr.  Percy,  Gibbon,  and  others,  who  were  conjecturing 
what  might  have  been  the  cause  of  this  chasm  in  the  life  of  Hnme,  of  two 
years,  was  enabled  to  solve  the  mystery  by  relating  the  above  anecdote. 
In  her  seventeenth  year  (1762)  she  wrote  the  pastoral  drama,  "The 
Search  after  Happiness,"  and  soon  after  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Lan|p* 
home  the  poet,  whose  correspondence  in  1 773,  b^ns  the  list  of  that 
illustrious  company  of  scholars,  poets,  wits,  histonans,-  actors.  Bishops, 
and  Blue-stocKings,*  male  and  female,  by  whom  Hannah  More  waa  re-, 
ceived,  with  the  attention  and  welcome  due  to  her  talents  and  conduct. 

At  the  age  of  twenty,  she  cultivated  with  assiduity  the  Latin,  Italian* 
and  Spanish  languages,  improving  her  style  by  translations  of  Horace  and 
Metastasio ;  while  her  theol<^cal  studies  were  directed  by  Sir  James 
Stonehonse,  who  had  been  many  years  a  physic'sn  of  great  eminence  at 
Northampton,  but  had  afterwards  taken  orders,  and  settled  at  BristoL — 
About  the  age  of  twenty-two  she  received  an  offer  of  marriage  from  a 
gentleman  of  fortune,  of  the  name  of  Turner,  more  than  twenty  years 
older  than  herself ;  after  some  deliberation  she  accepted  it ;  but  even  after 
the  bridal  dresses  were  ready,  from  the  capriciousness  of  his  temper,  it 
tvas  broken  off.  Without  any  violation  of  delicacy,  considering  the  age 
and  respective  situation  of  the  parties,  a  settlement  was  made  on  her  by 
Mr.  Tuiner  through  Sir  James  Stonehonse ;  and  at  his  death  he  be- 
queathed her  a  thousand  pounds.  Not  long  afterwards  her  hand  was  agun 
solicited  and  refused ;  and  as  it  happened  in  the  former  case,  the  attach- 
ment of  the  proposer  was  succeeded  by  a  cordial  and  permanent  respect. 
After  this,  Hannah  quietly  settled  into  perpetual  viiginity. 

About  this  period  she  emerged  from  the  privacy  of  domestic  life,  and 
appeared  in  the  world  of  literature  and  fashion.  Among  her  ardent  and 
early  desires,  two  appear  to  have  been  prominent, — to  see  Garrick  per- 
form the  cliaracters  of  Shakspeare,  and  to  have  a  view  of  Johnson,t  and 

*  In  a  letter  of  1778.  she  sajrs,  "  I  waa  lut  night  in  some  fine  company.  One 
lady  asked  what  was  the  neweit  colour?  The  other  answered,  that  the  most  tnily 
tashiunable  silk  was  a  soup90n  de  vert,  lined  with  a  aoupir  etonffi^e  et  brod^  de 
'  *8pt'rance.  Now  you  must  not  consult  your  old-fashioned  dictionary  for  the  word 
esperaiice  ;'  for  you  will  there  find  that  it  means  nothing  but  hope  ;  whereas  *  es- 
f).*^""?*"'^'''.'"  *'>e  new  language  of  the  times,  means  rosebuds."  Among  Hannah  More's 
liav*  K  *^'"'*"'*"'*'  ^"'-  Boscawen  shines  coDspicaous.  Mrs.  Kennicott  also  appears  to 
J.  vL*''*"  *  charming  person. 

*l^  B—  haviag  reiwatedly  asked  Johnson  to  look  over  her  new  play  of  The 
of  Sinopo,  he  always  found  means  to  evade  it.     At  last,  she  pressed  him  so 


1835.3     ifemoirs  of  the  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Hannah  More.  5 

licr  giants  of  literature.  Accordingly,  we  now  find  her  writing  from 
iiigs  in  Henrietta-street,  Covent-gardcn,  about  \/oung  Sheridan's 
ivals,  or  the  Maid  of  the  Oaks, — and  breaking  her  heart  if  (iarrick  doei 
9t  get  well  ! — and  dining  with  Mr  Joshua,  and  visiting  the  Idler  anc 
lambler.*  Her  t:iste  in  painting  does  not  appear  to  have  been  very 
Mfect  at  this  time,  for  we  find  fier  at  Ham])ton-court,  chiefly  admiring 
)(nr  needle -work  by  good  Queen  Mary  ;  and  "  not  knowing  a  more  rcspec- 
iblc  sight  than  a  room  con taining  fourteen  Admirals,  all  by  Sir  Gcdfrey !" 
ler  preference  of  C'laremont  to  Bushy  Park  reminds  us  that  it  would  he 
inite  as  handsome  and  genteel,,  if  his  Majesty  the  King  of  the  Xetlier1and» 
muld  permit  the  amateurs  of  fine  scenci-y,  the  shepherds  and  shcp*| 
»crdi>ses  of  England,  to  have  a  peep  at  his  deserted  chateau,  for  ttie  gra- 
tification of  their  leisure  and  the  improvement  of  their  taste.  When  we 
enpted  to  find  entrance,  the  canine  instinct  knew  a  Reviewer — 

Tlie  surly  mastilf  growling  at  the  gate, 
Affrights  the  l>eggar  whom  he  longK  to  eat. 

In  1773  or  4,  her  introduction  to  Garrick  took  place,  and  then  followed 
Mrs.  Montagu,  and   the  sage  of  Lichfield  first  met  her  view  with  a  large 
in  his  hand,  and  spouting  gome  verses  from  one  of  her  hymns. — 
Reynolds  introduced  her  to  Burke,  concerning  whom  wc  arc  grieved  to 
[say,  there  is  very  little  information  or  anecdote  in  Miss  Morc's  correspond- 
ence.    VVc  would  have  gladly  spared  mnek  of  the  general  literary  galaxy, 
||o  have  obtained  some  closer  peeps  at  tliis  noble  planet.     W^c  must  give 
IlKir  young  eutlaisiast's  letter  wlien  she  first  enters  the  august  precincts  of 
I  Boll -court. 

lAindon  1774. 
We  hare  paid  Another  visit  to  Miss 
she  had  sent  to  engage  Dr. 
[Percj's  Collection  now,  yon  know 
quite  a  eprightW  modern,  instead 
af  •  rtnty  antique.  tA  1  expected  ;  he 
I  9oonergone,  than  the  most  amia- 
Ue  aad  obliging  of  women.  Miss  Rey- 
Mtfal*.  ordered  the  coach  to  take  us  to 
Dr.  Johnson's  rery  oira  house;  yes, 
Abfsariniaii  .Iohn»on !  Dictionnry  Joha- 
! — Runhlrrs,  Idlers,  and  Irene  John- 
•^n :  Can  you  picture  to  yourselves  the  pal- 
|nt«tion«5f  oarbearts  ba  we  approached  his 
1  The  conversation  txirned  npon 

1^  of  bis,  just  going  to  the  preis 
(UKT  ii.'ui'  to  the  Hebrides),  and  his  old 
Ucad  Richardson.  Mrs.  Wiltisnis,  the 
fcfiad  poet,  who  lives  witJi  him,  was 
btroducrd  to  us.  She  is  engaging  io  her 
Boers.  her  coaTcreation  lively  and  en- 


tertaining. Misa  Reynnlds  told  the  Doc- 
tor  of  all  our  rapturous  exrlatnAHoiis  on 
the  road.  He  sho<ik  hi.«  scientific  bead 
at  Hannah,  nnd  said,  '  She  was  a  silly 
thing  I'  When  our  visit  was  ended,  lie 
cftllcd  for  his  hat,  a.s  it  rained,  to  attend 
U8  down  a  very  long  entry  to  our  coach, 
and  not  1l«5Kels«  could  Itave  accjuittcd 
himself  more  en  cavalier.  We  are  en- 
gaged with  him  at  Sir  J<t3hua's  on  Wed- 
nesday evening ;  what  do  yoQ  think  of 
OS?  1  forgot  to  mention,  that  not  find- 
ing Jolinson  in  bin  little  parlour  when  wc 
came  in,  llnnnnh  seated  bt;rirflf  in  his 
great  chair,  hoping  to  catch  a  little  ray 
of  his  genius  :  when  he  heard  it,  he 
laughed  heartily,  and  told  her  it  was  a 
chair  on  which  he  never  sat.  He  said 
it  reminded  him  of  Boswcll  and  himself, 
when  they  etopt  a  night,  as  they  iuiu- 
ginedt  where  the  Wierd  Sisters  appeared 


I 


pIv.  that  be  actually  refused  to  do  it,  and  told  her  that  she  herself,  by  carefully 

•  iver,  would  he  able  to  see  if  there  wai:  any  thing  amiss,  as  well  as  he  could. 

.  (said  she;    I   have  no  time  ;  I  have  already  so  many  irons  in  the  lire.' 

'  Wiiv  Uit^u,  Motiam,  (said  he,  quite  out  of  jiatience.)  the  best  thing  I  con  advise  you 

to  do  is,  Co  put  your  tragedy  along  with  your  irons.' 

•  T'  "'i,  the  sex,  the  unpretending  guodneBS  and   virtue,  and  the  talents  of 

lUi  ivcre  .<iurc  Jo  «in   the  line  and  esteem  of  Johnson  ;  liiA   behaviour  to 

til  r  -tl  and  kind,  and  her  presence  lit  np  hi*  brow  with  amileis.     "  He  conti- 

'  •ays,  '  hi»  jokei<,  and  lamented  thai  ]  did  not  marry  Cbattertoni  that  postc- 
i.q  \um  SCLU  a  propagation  at  pi»et>.' 


6        Mantln  of  the  Life  and  Correspoi^Mee  of  Haumk  Mare.       [Jan. 


to  MaviM'th.  The  idm  w  worked  on 
their  enthosium,  that  it  quite  de- 
prived them  of  rent.  HowcTer,  they 
learnt,  the  next  morning,  to  their  mor- 


tification, that  they  had  been  deceired, 
and  were  quite  in  another  part  of  the 
country." 


Wc  must  now  continue  our  narrative  by  extracting  a  few  of  the  anec- 
dotes with  which  Miss  More's  letters  are  so  ain^eeably  sprinkled,  concenung 
those  p<!rHf>iiH,  the  productions  of  whose  genius  must  ever  render  them  of 
the  greatest  interest  to  the  lovers  of  literature  ;  yet  we  hardly  know  how 
to  make  our  way  among  the  alluring  mass  of  materials  with  which  we  are 
Hurrounded.  We  cannot  be  very  wrong  in  beginning  with  Mrs.  Montagu, 
1775  :— 

Nestor ;  but  I  fear  she  is  hasting  to  de- 
cay very  fast ;  her  spirits  are  so  active, 
that  they  must  soon  wear  oat  the  little 
frail  receptacle  that  holds  them. — ^Afrt. 
Carter  has  in  her  person  a  great  deal  of 
what  the  gentlemen  mean  when  they  say 
such  a  one  is  a  poetical  lady ;  howerer, 
independently  of  her  great  talents  and 
learning,  I  like  her  much ;  she  has  afa- 
bility,  kindness,  and  gpoodnesa;  and  I 
honour  her  heart  even  more  than  her  ta- 
lents :  but  I  do  not  like  one  of  them  bet- 
ter than  Mrs.  Boscawen ;  she  is  at  once 
polite,  learned,  judicious,  and  humble; 
and  Mrs.  Palk  tells  me  her  letters  are  not 
thought  inferior  to  Mrs.  Montagu's.  She 
regretted  (so  did  I)  that  so  many  suns 
could  not  possibly  shine  at  the  same  time ; 
but  we  are  to  have  a  smaller  party,  when 
from  fewer  luminaries  there  may  emanate 
a  clearer,  steadier,  and  more  beneficial 
light.  Dr.  Johnson  asked  me  how  I 
liked  the  new  tragedy  of  Braganza?  I 
was  afraid  to  speak  before  them  all ;  as  I 
knew  a  diversity  of  opinion  prevailed 
am<mg  the  company:  however,  as  I 
thought  it  a  less  evil  to  dissent  from  the 
opinion  of  a  fellow-creature,  than  to  tell 
a  faUity,  I  ventured  to  give  my  senti- 
ntents,  and  was  satisfied  with  Johnson'a 
answering,—'  You  are  right,  madam.* " 


"  I  liad  yi'Hterday  the  pleasure  of  din- 
ing in  Ilill-htreet,  Brrkeiey-square,  at  a 
rcrtain  Mfk.  Montagu's,  a  name  not 
totally  olwtriin-.  The  party  consisted  of 
hersflf,  Mffi.  ('arter.  Dr.  Johnson.  So- 
landcr  anil  Matty,  Mrs.  Boscawen,  Miss 
lleynoltlN,  and  Sir  Joshua  (the  idol  of 
every  fompatiy),  some  other  persons  of 
hiifli  rank  and  less  wit,  and  your  humble 
servant, — n  party  that  would  not  have 
disgrncfd  tlir  table  of  Ltelius  or  Attirus. 
I  fell  Miysrir  a  worm, — the  more  a  worm 
for  I  he  fon!«'(|U<'n«T  which  was  given  me, 
liy  mixing  im*  with  hhcIi  a  soriety:  tiut  as 
I  tolil  MfH.  BoHcawf.n,  and  with  great 
tnilli,  I  liitil  nn  opiiortutiily  of  making  an 
«*»|iniiiit'nl  of  tnylirnrt,  by  which  I  learnt 
tiiiit  I  wiiN  not  inviouH,  for  1  crrtainly 
iliil  nut  ri'|iiiir  nl  lieing  the  meanest  |>cr- 
siiii  III  tlii iiipiiny. 

"  Mm.  Miiiilii|i'u  rei'eivcd  mr  with  the 
iiniil  i'iirtMiiii|(iiig  kiii*lMr!><« ;  she  is  not 
only  tlir  liiii-nt.  gi'tiiiii,  liitt  the  tini'Ht  Indy 
I  t•\^•r  Nikw  ;  olir  li\rh  in  the  liigheHt  style 
lit  iiiHKiiitirriiri' ;  lirr  iipiirtnieiits  and 
liililc  Hii<  III  till'  most  N)ih*ndid  tiihti' ;  but 
Mitnt  liiiiililrn  are  tiirM>,  when  speaking 
nl  s  MiiiiltiKU  .'  Her  form  (for  she  has  no 
hiiiljf)  l»  tirlii'iile  rvfit  tii  frngility  ;  her 
i-tMtiitriiiiiiri<  the  most  aiiimntrd  in  the 
wiii'lil,  tliK  nprightly  \ivai'ity  of  llfteen, 
with  llip  jutlgiiirni  and  rii|>erieni<('  of  a 

'i'liiih  ^{K'vv  lliuuinh  Moro  in  the  favour  of  the  witty  and  the  wise,  of 
llii- l«'Miiii-il  and  \\u'  fnlr;  living  with  the  (iarricks,  sipping  tea  at  Mrs. 
MuiiIuhu'h,  viniti'd  by  Biirki\  niid  romplimentcd  by  Johnson.  In  one  and 
llui  HMiiic  iiuniting.  Ihoufth  fortunatolv  at  diflcrcnt  hours  (as  they  were  all 
biltfi  fucH).  Ilurke,  luid  Down  Tucker,  and  Mrs.  Macauley,  were  seen 
at  hi?r  lcvM» ;  <Jurrirk  rewl  her  vorv  dull  poem  of  Sir  Eldred  aloud,  and 
Johnson  •  U>arnt  it  by  heart.    Still  there  was  a  thorn,  then  almost  unno- 


-ll^.'  I«"rn  from  these  letters  a  fact  cnceming  Dr.  Johnson.  '  that  he  seldom 
•ared  to  spenk  In  mixed  iwrties.'  I.  n.  (54.  w-  h„„  .i.„  v;  ^'^i  •»"  ocmuui 
Tucker,  .'f  look  upon  the  Dean  of  C.lm  .!«^  er  to  be  one  oJlA"  °^'''T  ?^  ^^"^ 
of  thi.  period.  I  differ  from  him  in  «J  nkm  and  haTJefn-  wuTi^*"*  ''"^■'' 
»y  writings  ,  but,  1  hope,  what  I  -roS^M'^i^^^t'^f^^T^^^l^^^^^^ 

Si:SeS7r"JL^^^"n^;o'=rg\^^^^^ 

no  ooe.  .hose  style  was  more  PerspiTfotr/ir;.  ^i- 1^-  il^^tf  ^eSTo 


1835.]     Metnoin  of  the  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Hannah  More. 

ticrd,  at  the  breast  of  this  younjj  and  inimeent  songstress.  Her  earlj^l 
piety  aiKta  begau  to  take  the  alarm,  thutigh  all  a()peared  ui'lually  safe  ;  ana 
Mshc  Mte  gazing  on  the  brilliant  assemblage  of  beauty  and  fashion  ut  the 
Opera,  and  listening  to  thesyicn  warbling  of  '  Italian  airs,"  and  surrendering 
herself  u|i  to  all  the  faacinations  of  taste  and  art. — a  voire  suddenly  simnte  ' 
u{H>ii  her  ear,  and  said, — '  What  doest  thou  here,  Elijah  ?"     The  faithful 

mooitor,   however,  was  at  her  elbow. Mrs   Montagu  said,  'If  tender 

words  «re  the  precursors  of  connubial  engagements,  we  may  expect  great 
things  i  for  it  is  nothing  but — child, — little  fool, — love, — and  dearest. — 
iSometimes  the  Sage  wa«  tender,  and  then  it  was, — 'I  love  you  both,  I 
love  you  all  five. — I  will  come  ou  purpose  to  see  you, — what  !  five  wouieii' 
live  happilv  together! — I  will  eouie  and  see  you, — 1  have  spent  a  happy 
eteuiug,- — I  am  glad  1  came, — CmxI  fur  ever  bless  you  ! — you  live  lives  to 
Hhame  ducheases  !' — and  then  he  took  his  leave  with  so  nuieh  truth  andi 
tcndcroess,  we  were  quite  affected  at  his  manner.*'  At  another  time, 
Hanuah  and  Johnson  had  a  violent  quarrel,  "  till  at  length  laughter  run  so 
high  on  all  sides,  that  argument  was  confounded  in  noise^  and  the  gallant 
jiouth  at  one  in  the  morning  set  us  down  at  our  lodgings." 

Garriek  appears  very  unliable,  clever,  and  condescending  throughoot 
the  whole  correspondence  ;  and  with  the  mixture  of  grave  and  gay,  whicli] 
well  temfjered  alone  constitutes  a  perfectly  agreeable  cimracter.  ''  Garrick»| 
(she  says  in  one  place)  was  the  very  soul  of  the  company,  and  I  nevei 
8««r  Johnson  in  such  perfect  good-humour.  Sally  knows  we  have  often 
be&rd  that  we  can  never  enjoy  the  company  of  these  two,  unless  they  arc 
togi'thcr."*  There  is  great  truth  in  this  remark,  for  after  the  Dean  and 
Mrs.  B«»9cawen  were  withdrawing,  and  the  rest  st<iod  up  to  go,  Johnson 
and  Garrick  began  a  close  encounter,  telling  old  Ktories,  '  e'en  from  their 
boyish  days,'  at  Lichfield.  We  all  stood  round  them  above  im  hour, 
bluing  in  defiance  of  every  rule  of  decorum  of  Chesterfield.  I  believe  we 
■honld  not  have  thought  of  sitting  doun  or  patting,  had  not  an  impertinent 
WKtcbmau  been  saucily  vociferous.     Johnson  outstaid  thexu  all,  and  sate 


kis  tnbject.'  Every  one  remrmbera  WArburton's  cootemptuouii  inentiun  of  tln^  Dran  in 
^ida  letters.— We  shall  odd  here  ■  puasuige  from  another  page.     '  I  never  saw  Juhnson 
aognr  with  roc  bm  once.     I  alluded,  rather  flippantly  I  fear,  to  some  witty 
(c  in  Tom  Jones.     He  replied,  '  I  am  .•ihMked  to  hear  you  quote  fruni  so  vicious 
I  am   sorry  to  hear  you  have  read  it, — a  coRles.MQD  whirh   no  modeat  lady 
rrer  make.     I  scarcely  know  a  more  corrupt  work.'     I  thanked  biuv  for  bis 
n.     lie  vent  80  far  aa  to  refuse  to  Fielding  the  great  talents  which  are  lu^- 
bini,  and   broke  out  into  a  uoble  jiaiiei^yric  on  Lis   compt-litor  Ricliardi^an, 
was  OS  superior  tu  him  in  talent>  a&  in  virtue,  and  whom  lit*  prunuuncrd 
■test  genius  that   hu«  fihed  it»  luntre  iu  this  path  of  literature.^      How 
Ibt  I     It  is  of  this  very  Richardson  whose  morality  is  bo  lauded  by  John- 
More  (in  vol.  iv.  p.  144),  that  W\m  Hawkins  speaks  as  of  a  vrriter,  the 
and  <li»(;usting  iicentiousnetu  uf  wliose   works  should  preclude  uot  only 
n  men  froru  reading  thcui.     If  we  bad  room,  we  should  hope  to  show 
•  ults  of  both  tlipse  writers  had  been  eXB|i^ie;erat«d.     From  her  book  on 
-tiiju,"  we  should  judge  that  Hannali  More  had  read  many  bowks  more 
^Uigetvu*  than  these.     Aa   we  muni  leave   the    xubjcrt    of  Johnsion.    wc  may  addi 
Baaaah  More  relates,   that  Jidtnaon  told  her  the  Ivini;   (George   111.)  in  hi«  con- 
|Vrr«itiMn  with  him,  enjoined  him  to  add  ^Spenser  l»  hifi  Lives  of  the  I'oita,  a  circum- 
|fUa<v  not  nirnlioncd  before  .'  Nor  were  we  before  awai'c  (v.  p.  I9l )   tl»(it   Mrs.  J?oa- 
'  '!•»  fnr  Juh-nmn.     The  anecdote,  at  p.  377,  of  iJr.  Johnson 

new  to  us. 
.  jut  Johojiou  in  such  good  spirit^),  that  I  never  knew  him  so 
more  insttructive.     He  was  us  briUiout  aa  himself,  and  as  good- 
ly  one  else.' 


Cmfopamiemt  of  Hannah  Morr.         [J««r. 


ft  we  ■■&,  loMe  a  spoit^mau's  plirase  '  draW' 
IB  Ifcc  tcaptalioo  of  extracting  every  scrap  of 
;  «Br  fvcaft  Lezin^npher,  inoralr&t,  and  critic : — we 
IIm  '■iaar  piafc*.'  aM4  paM  to  tlie  miniature  partraits  of  the 
^Oerx. — Mr.mr>BHil!iniy  r,tfcc— thorofthe  Histur\'of  Horsemanship, 
of  mhom  «ne  ptrviaaif  kacw  lea*  tkaa  wc  o«ight,  was  a  prime  favnurite — 
erciy  body's  twnmitm  rtrm  Dr.  Jckaaon*.  Mr.  Corsican  Bosuell  is  a 
very  ayeeaiiie  gooil  aitaigit  ann.  vbo  perfectly  adores  Johusciti,  but  who 
b  naftataaatdy  citvea  10  tW  bottle  ;  and  when  flnshci]  with  the  Tuscan 
gnpe  onkea  BapcTtiaeat  yeecbca  to  young  ladies. — Lord  Camden  is 
Ukeaed  to  an  ddcrly  pbyncian,  tboofrh  there  is  something  of  geiuus  about 
kb  noK. — Of  Soaate  Jeariis  ire  read,  tliat  there  is  a  hue  Bimplicity  about 
bin,  aad  a  meek  tanoceut  kind  of  wit,  iii  Addison's  mauTier,  ;^hich  isi  very 
pleasant. — Of  aa  oLl  friend,  Owenf  Cambridge,  an  anecdote  is  enclosed 
in  the  foHowbg  remarks  : — "Cumberland's  Odes  are  come  out.  1  tried  in 
Tain  to  preraii  00  Mr.  Cambridge  to  read  them  -,  but  could  not.  He 
haa  a  naimral  averwUm  to  am  ode,  as  some  people  have  to  a  cat ;  one  of 
tbem  is  pretty,  bat  another  contains  a  literal  description  of  adminhiering 
a  do$e  o/Jame$'s  powder*."  J  Mrs.  Boscawen  comes  to  nee  her  iii  the 
Adelphi,  with  the  Dachcsa  fof  Portland)  in  her  gilt  chariot  and  four  foot- 
men, and  thiii  Kaid  Diiehctts  turnn  out  to  be  '  Frior'a  noble  lovely  little 
Peggy,'  whose  MS.  DLalo^oes  of  the  Dead  we  wish  the  illustrious  House  of 


*  la  the  same  itrmin,  ahe  styt,  at  p.  73.  '  Keeping  bad  company  Irads  to  all  other 
bad  thiBgn.  1  have  ^t  the  headaelje  to  daj  by  r&kiug  out  with  tliat  giiy  libertine, 
Dr.  JobftBOD.  Do  you  kaow — I  did  not — that  br  wrote  a  greater  portion  of  the 
Adventurers.  De  Lolnie  tuld  mc  that  he  thought  Johasoo'd  Political  Pamphlets 
were  the  t>e.st  things  he  had  ever  written-' 

f  Ott  a  Parody  of  Lucian  by  <).  Cambridge,  in  which  WUkft  is  put  for  Ciesar,  see 
p.  160.     There  ia  a  minpriut  of  Luean  for  Lucian,  p.  207. 

2  On  reading  thin  paMSge,  we  turned  to  our  copy  of  Cumberland's  Ode.«,  which  we 
bad  not  read  for  many  a  jear,  aad  found  the  iinea  to  which  Uannah  More  alludes, 
in  tlie  ude  to  Dr.  James. 

Come  then,  this  wonder-working  charm  receive, 
The  laat  command  thy  father  ha^  to  ^ve. 
•  ••••• 

TTie  mother  aid*  the  tiratu/ht,  and  lu  she  aidjt  it,  prays. 
Soft  awhitti  !  iH  oil  be  «till. 
And  wait  high  Heaven'H  disponing  will. 
Now  in  each  other'd  eyes  we  utare 
With  U>ok.i  that  K.<sk  if  hope  be  there. 
Meanwhile,  the  uia^pc  drug,  at  ntrife 
With  the  detected  fi»e  of  life. 
Runs  to  the  heart,  mounts  to  the  brain, 
And  visits  each  corrupted  vein. 
Wbere'er  it  comes  bids  tumult  cease, 
And  hail  the  messenger  of  Peace. 

•*  In  the  margin  of  the  other  Ode,  '  to  the  Sun' — wc  find  a  note  of  ours  in  pencil, 
writtrn  many  years  since  : — "  Tliis  |H>fim  bears  a  great  similarity  in  many  pussngcs,  to 
4MM  of  Hannah  More'*  poems — •  The  Complaint.'  Tlie  funner  of  Cumberland's  two 
O^M  is  turgid  and  violent,  where  be  meant  to  be  sublime,  with  tuu  many  expre«.^iuns 
takan  from  Gray — the  second  is  flat  and  tame;  they  were  dedtcfited  to  Komnej  the 
Pitinter,  (4to  17SKJ),  and  the  dedication  is  employed  in  abuhc  of  the  Collectors  of 
Aatiquea,  in  praise  of  the  Oqibeus  of  Mr.  Doufe,  and  the  Mars  and  Venus  of  Mr, 
BaooQ.  which  would  do  credit  to  Athens  in  its  purest  age :  a  foot  note,  howeTerp 
Worms  na,  that  do  pun-haser  of  them  could  be  fouud." 
1 


I 
I 


I 


1835.]     Memoirs  0/  the  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Hannah  More.         9 

Portland  vvonld  conrfenceiid  to  publish  We  learn,  "tbat  Garnck*sets  the 
llugbcst  value  on  hU  time  of  any  body  she  ever  kucw.  From  dinner  to  tea 
«€  laugh,   chat,  and  talk  nonsense :  the  rest  of   his   time   is  gcnerally^ 

't?ot«l  to  study." — The  account  of  the  trial  of  the  Duchess  of  Kingston,  it 
aut  a5  good  in  its  \ray,  as  CJrays  description  of  that  of  the  Scotch  I^rds. 


'•  She  wii»  drewftl  in  deep  mourning,  a 
iMick  borxl  on  ber  bead,  her  hair  iiio- 
Ytly  (irtrssied  and  pon'dcred.  a  hUck 
lilk  saque,  with  crape  triixiiniDgs,  black 
icrp  nilfli's,  and  bUck  gloves. 
Bon^iel  $p4jke  about  nn  hour  and  a 
tmch.  Ditnniny'ii  rnnnnpr  in  ia- 
Frnblj  bad,  (Nxigbing  and  K|iitUQg  at 
•WTf  word  ;  but  hi»  sense  and  exprejssiion 

EiiBtrd  to  the  l%At  degree :  be  roadt;  her 
nee  »hcd  bitter  tt-ars.         •  •         • 

ke  fair  lii'tiui  h.id  four  vin;ina  in  white 
thind  the  tmr.  She  iraimted  her  great 
Jecessor  Mrs.  Radd,  and  affected  to 
ite  Tery  often,  though  1  pbiinly  p*r- 
'  eeiTnl  that  she  only  wrote  as  they  do 
tlidr  love  eputles  on  the  stage,  without 
hnaing   a    letter.  •  •        The 

Dicitras  luu   but  small  remains  of  that 
of  vrhich  Kingii  and  Prin<!es  were 
eDOinourefl.     She    looked   verff 
Mra.  Pritchard,     She  is  large 
iped.     There  was  nothing  wliite 
tier  /aee*   and  hod  it   not    been   for 
(,  ilie  would  have  looked  Like  a  bale  of 


hombazeen.  I  forgot  to  tell  you,  that 
the  Uuehess  was  taken  ill,  but  performed 
it  badly. — I  have  great  ^atiiifaction  ia ! 
telling  you,  that  Elizabeth  calling  herself  \ 
Duchess-dowager  of  Kingston,  was  thi* 
very  afternoon  undicrnitied  and  nnduch- 
essed,  and  very  narrowly  itsejiped  being 
burnt  in  the  hand.  All  the  feerni,  but 
two  or  three,  who  cho.«e  to  withdraw, 
exeUioied  with  great  eniphasi.<), — '  Guilty 
upon  my  honour' — except  the  Duke  of 
N  [ewcastle] ,  who  said — '  Guilty,  erro- 
neonsly,  but  not  intentionally ;'  great  non- 
sense, by  the  bye,  but  peers  arc  pri%'ileged. 
This  morning  Lord  Camden  breakfaiited 
with  Ht!,  he  was  very  entertnintug.  He 
j»  Tery  angry  thnt  the  Dutchess  of  Kings- 
ton wa-i  not  burned  in  the  hand.  He 
Bays,  as  he  was  once  a  professed  lover  of 
her,  he  thought  it  would  look  ill-natured 
and  ungaliaut  to  proposie  it :  but  that 
he  should  have  a<!cedcd  to  it,  most^ 
heartily,  though  he  believer  he  ahoulii< 
have  recommended  a  cttld  iron," 


Our  readers  would  not  forgive  ns,  if  \vc  oujitted  to  iut/oduce  to  them 
and  valued  acquaintance — as  one  risen  from  the  dead — 'Yesterday 
and  dear  .Mrs.  Boscaweu  came  lierself  to  fetch  nie  to  meet  at  dinner  a 
ly  I  have  long  wished  to  sec.   Tliis  «  aa  Mrs.  De'amj.  She  was  a  Granville, 
and  niece  to  the  celebrated  poet  Lord  Lansdown.     She  was  the  friend  and. 
Itlmate  of  Swift.     She  tells  a  thousand  pleasaut  anet-dotes  relative  to  the 
iblication  of  the  Tatler  ;  as  to  rhf  Spectator,  it  is  ttlmoH  too  modern  fur 
to  )tpeak  of  it.     She  was  in  the   next  room,   and  lieard  the    cries  of 
when  Cniiscard  stabbed  Lord  Oxford,    lu  short,  she  is  a  livint:  library 
of  knowledge  ;  and  time,  which  has  so  hij^hly  matured  her  judgment,  has 
taken  very  little  from  her  grace  or  her  liveliness.     She  has  invited  nic  to 
visit  her,  a  iiingular  favour  from  one  of  her  years )"  and  character." 

The  death  of  CiarrickJ  in  1770,  with  whose  family   Hannah   More  had 

hern  «o  long  and  so  happily  domesticated,  formed,  as  the  bic»gnipher  justly 

^^bterves,  an  aera  in  her  life.     From  that  time  to  her  retreat  at  Cowslip- 


anu  Qi 

|K|&tima 
Blnblic 


'  •  IVre  is  an  intereatin?  arcount  of  Garrick'a   representatiQD  of  Hamlet,  well 

1  pemaal.  but  tnu  long  for  our  pagett,  at  p.  (il)-7. 
♦  .\  ■"'  .   H.  More   speak*  of  a  teuder   friendship  existing  between  Mrs. 

Delati>  iJa^hworid,  of  tertnty  years  standing!     This  Mrs.  DiishwiHul  wa» 

KDvi. .  .  .  ..  .  unaond's  Love  Elegies.  See  a  very  pretty  cujiy  of  ver.sts  written  by 
.  Urtany  at  h4  year*  of  age,  in  vol  i.  p.  :i;>2. 
We  do  not  know  what  the  .Maloarii  and  GilTorils  of  the  present  day  will  say  to 
fallowing  |>ass«ge  of  11.  More: — "The  gentlemen  of  the  Mu.^eum  come  oa 
.nUy  lo  fftA'b  jKior  .Mr.  Garriek'.s  legary  of  the  old  play.s  and  curious  blaek 
r  bookii,  ttiauijh  thtj/  were  not  thiiii/u  tfi  be  read,  and  are  only  valuable  to  antiqua- 
fia  for  their  age  and  6rar<-ity."      It  doi-s  not  ap^icar  that  Garrirk   knew  muoh  about 

In — Aote  At  got  many  of  them  is  a  mystery. 
CSiMT.  M.1C.  Vol.  III.  C 


10       Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Correspondence  of  Hannah  More. 

green,  «n  interval  of  about  five  years,  she  gradaally  proceeded  in  redeeoi- 
inf  her  time,  and  detaching  herself  from  all  her  cng:ageinenls,  which,  how- 
ever agreeable  to  her  taste  and  talents,  "  kept  her  fronj  answering  the 
higher  vocation  whicli  fiuramoned  her  to  the  senice  of  the  soul,  a»d  to 
laboar  of  love  !  "  Not  only  the  '*  gaiety  of  nations  was  €clij>sed,"  by  the 
death  of  this  very  singularly  accomplished  person,  but  the  brilliancy  of  the 
domestic  hearth  had  faded  away.  Hannah  More  still  resided  with  the 
good  and  charming  Mrs.  Garrick  :  and  the  even  tcnour  of  her  days  is  thus 
described. — "  My  way  of  life  is  very  different  from  what  it  used  to  be,  yoa 
inust  not  therefore  expect  much  entertainment  from  my  letters.  After 
breakfast  1  go  to  uiy  own  apartment  for  several  Iiours,  where  I  read, 
work^  and  write.  I  almost  look  on  a  nioming  visit  as  an  immorality.  At 
four,  we  dine  ;  at  six,  we  have  coffee  ;  at  eight,  tea,  when  we  have  some- 
times a  lounger  or  two  of  quality  ;  at  ten,  we  have  sallad  and  fruits.  Each 
has  her  book,  which  we  read  without  any  restraint,  as  if  we  were  alone, 
without  apologies  or  speech-making.  Again,  "  We  never  see  a  human  face 
bot  each  other's.  Though  in  such  deep  retirement,  I  am  never  dull :  be- 
caaec  I  am  not  reduced  to  the  fatigue  of  entertaining  dunces,  or  being 
obliged  to  listen  to  them.  We  dress  like  a  couple  of  Scaramouches,  dis- 
pute like  a  couple  of  Jcsu'ts,  cat  like  a  couple  of  aldermen,  walk  hke  a 
couple  of  jHjrters,  ami  read  as  much  as  any  two  doctors  of  either  University." 

We  had  expected,  we  hardly  knew  why,  to  have  found  not  a  little  con- 
cerning Miss  Bumey  in  this  book,  as  well  as  those  whose  characters  are  of 
such  interest  in  her  Memoirs — but  her  name  is  almost  a  hiank,  though  it 
appears  that  Hannah  More  was  well  accjuainted  with  her.  In  1779,  she 
says,  '  1  was  usked  yesterday  to  meet  Dr.  Buroey  and  Evelina  at  Mrs. 
Reynolds's,  but  was  engaged  at  home.  Thia  Evelina  is  an  extraordinary 
girl.  She  is  not  more  than  twenty,  of  a  very  retired  disposition  ;  and  how 
she  picked  up  her  knowledge  of  nature  and  low  lifCj  her  BrangtonSj  and 
her  St.  (iiless  gentry,  is  astonishing  V 

We  could  not  help  laughing  at  quite  a  new  Commentar)'  that  has  ap- 
peared ou  the  well-known  Couplet  of  Pope, 

And  tbou,  bnive  Cobham.  to  (hj  latest  breath 
Shall  fe«l  the  mling  panion  atroag  in  deatL 


"  I  dined  at  Mrs.  Boacawen's  tbe  other 
day,  very  pleaaantlj,  for  htnager  waa 
there,  and  was  al)  himself,  all  chivalry 
and  blank  vcne,  and  anecdote.  He  told 
ne  lome  cnrioiu  storiet  of  Pop«,  with 
whom  he  a.<ird  to  upend  the  summer  at 
hij  oncle'a,  Lord  Cobham,  of  whom  Pop* 
aaaerta,  you  know,  that  he  would  feel 
the  ruling  paaaion  gtrang  in  death,  and 


that  'Save  my  country,  Hearen  !'  woald  be 
his  last  words.  But  what  shows  that 
Pupe  wa8  not  ao  good  a  prophet  a»  a 
poet,  was,  that  in  hin  (Lord  Cobham's 
last  momenta,  not  being  able  to  carry 
glass  of  jelly  to  bis  mouth,  he  was  in 
such  •  puaion.,  feehaf;  bia  own  weakncsa, 
that  he  threw  jelly,  gJHBs,  and  all  into 
Lady  Cobham 's  face,  and  expired  [  " 


Before  we  leave  our  fa\'ouritc  Poet  of  Twickenham,  we  will  endeavour 
to  remove  one  weed  from  off  his  grave. — Hannah  Metre  mention.s,  that 
dining  with  Lord  Bathurst,  he  entertaiued  her  with  anecdotes  of  BoUng- 
broke  and  Pojk;.  ''  He  entirely  exculpated  Pvpe  from  any  evil  intention  in 
printing  the  t'atriot  King,  which  ejrciieit  Bolinybrokes  Attired  so  mttch  after 
Fopti't  death:''  to  this  opinion,  which  is  of  weight,  we  most  fullvjoin  our's, 
though  it  is  but  as  n  feather  in  the  scale :  if  this  act  of  Pope's  was  an  act 
of  perfidy,  then  all  his  enthusiastic  and  unbounded  expressions  of  admira- 
tion of  Bohngbroke,  were  ail— one  lie.  We  know  nothing  which  could 
pcfBuade  uh  to  such  a  lielief. 


J 


1835.]     Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Correspondence  of  HuHHak  More.         1 1 

Amoog  the  elegant  tributes  of  admiration  from  meu  of  genius  aud 
learniog  w  bkb  our  authoress  was  iu  the  habit  of  receiving,  it  is  impossible 
to  pass  over  the  following  from  the  |)en  of  that  accomplished  and  exeelleut 
scholar  Bishop  Lowth  ;  and  our  readers  may  be  assured  that  they  are 
r;»tber  more  genuine  than  some  Sermoins  that  have  been  lately  assigned  to 
him.  Miss  More  in  return  sent  the  Bishop  some  verses  on  Mother 
Uuncb  s  tales  : 

Hann^  More, 
Virgiai,  pia,  erodits,  elegant!,  ingenio,  facundia  et  wpieDtia  pariter  iUustri. 

Omnes  Suljrtriiun  legant  puellc, 
Omnce  bauc  pueri  l«g&nt  senesque, 
Omnct  haac  bilarcH  et  banc  8«ven, 
Que  palinam  genii nas  tulit  per  artes 
Et  TinctsB  i>ede  vocLt  et  soluts. 
Cujua  qui  jiedt;  tegerit  soluta 
Nullnm  dixmt  esse  ter«iorenj. 
Cujun  Cormiaa  qui  bene  triitiinant, 
Nullam  dixerit  esse  sanctinretn. 
Huic  adsnnt  Cbarite*,  fa\enti|ue  Mui«ic, 
Dum  &ic  jicctnra  virginuni  teiiella 
Pulcbris  imbuit  artibus,  seqnaces 
Exeinplo  monitis,  atuore,  Qutn 
Informaos  aaiuios.     ^itUoque  »igaat 
Mas  Ventura  quod  Addbrmitiiiift 
Possint  secula  compnrare  chartis." 

It  is  with  melancholy  feelings  that,  as  we  advance  in  the  narrative,  of 
Hannah  Mores  life,  we  find  our  old  atid  venerable  companions  fulling 
•  through  the  broken  arches  of  the  bridge  of  life,"  and  a  novel  race  creep- 
ing out  one  by  one  into  notice,  like  the  early  stars  of  evening,  and  rising 
trheu  the  great  luminary  has  set.  Instead  of  the  names  of  Garrick  and 
Burke,  and  Johnson  and  Gibbon,  we  have  that  '  youug  gentleman  Mr. 
M'ilberforce,'  and  Dr.  Kennicott,  and  Bp.  Porteus,  aiitl  H.  Walpole  and 
Cofwper's  friend  Mr.  Newton,  and  the  pleasantesit  of  the  peerage  '  J^id 
StmmoDti'  and  a  most  clever  and  superiorcorre.fpondeut.  Sir  W.  Pepyc^ 
the  Leelius  of  the  Bas-bleus,  whose  letters  form  one  of  the  gems  of  the 
book,  and  whose  character  is  drawn  in  most  attractive  colours.*  His 
cicv,  serene,  unclouded  old  age,  scema  to  have  realized  all  that  fine  moral 
and  imaginative  picture  which  Tully  has  drawn.  Not  so  the  next  portrait 
vbom  we  roust  introduce  to  notice — the  rattle  at  the  end  of  the  serpent's 
tail,  is  highly  amusini;.  '  Being  here,  naturally  reminds  me  to  speak  of 
Mrs.  Macauley.  I  feel  extremely  scandalized  at  her  conduct,  and  yet  I 
not  enleem  her.     I  knew  her  to  be  absnrd,  vain,  and  affected ;  but 

kcr  could  have  suspected  her  of  the  indecent,  and  1  aui  sorry  to  say 

"  _  itc,  turn  which  her  late  actions  and  letters  have  betrayed.  The 
do  hO  rejoice  and  exult,  that  it  is  realty  provoking ;  yet  have  they  no 
cmue  for  triumph,  for  this  woman  is  far  from  being  any  criterion  by 
tHuch  to  judge  of  the  whole  sex.  She  was  not  feminine  either  in  her 
writings,  or  her  manners.  She  was  only  a  ^ood  clever  man.  Did  I  ever 
let]  you  aD  answer  her  daughter  once  made  me  r  Desirous  from  civility  to 
(e  come  notice  of  her,  and  finding  she  was  reading  Sliakspearc,  I  asked 

if  »he  was  not  delighted  with  many  parts  of  King  John  ?     '  /  tiever  read 

'-  u^normnce  of  the  desiKit  of  tin*  papers  Cm  Paattirals  by  Pope,  in  the. 
IS  Uctter,  vnl.  i.  p.  .W\)  is  singulm  .      U  is  not  sui|ni«ing  Ihat  Heyne 
.  mistake.     See  our  review  of  Urabbe  in  the  last  Number. 


12        Memoir g  of  the  Life  and  Correspondenee  of  Hannah  More.      [Jan. 

the  Kings,  Ma  am,'  wan  the  truly  characteristic  reply.     This  is  excellent, 
bat  we  shuU  match  the  republican  Mhs,  with  a  story  of  n  roi/al  Mauler. 
Mytholog}'   Brvant    told  rae   an   amusiriij  anecdote  of  one   of  the   little 
Princes      He  hwd  been  that  inoruiug  to  Windsor    to  present  h\s   book. 
He  v\as  met  iu  the  anlec'hpinber  by  the  ifoungest  of  them,  wlm  betjged  to 
look  Ht  it.     W'hen  it  was  put  into  his  hands,  he  held  it  upside  tloivn.  and 
t;labciiig  his  eyes  for  a  moment  over  the  pagCK,  returned  it  with  an  air  of 
important  gr<iciou8nes9,  projiouncing  it — cxcelleut !"     Was  this  the  Duke 
of  iSussex,  and  did  his  great  love  of  books  arise  from  this  auspicious  eom- 
DienceiDCnt  V     Our  anthoress'a  aC(|uaititaiice  consisted  so  much  of  the  i-/ite 
of  wit  aiid  talent,  that  we  find  many  pa^jes  thickly  powdered  with  the  falling 
sparkles  of  their  conversational  powers.     We  forget  whellier  H.  \Val[H>le, 
who  stored  up  George  Selwyns  jokes  in  the  same  drawers,  and  with  the 
same  care,  with  his  miniatures  and  other  rarities,  has  preserved  tlie  fol- 
lowing :    ''  Lord  Pembroke  came   in   laoi^hing, — I    asked   what   diverted 
him,  he  told  me  he  had  met  Cieorgc  Sclwyn,  who  found  himself  very  ranch 
Annoyed  in   the   streets  with  chimney-sweepinij   hoys ;    they  were  very 
clamorous,  surrounded,  daubed,  and  persecuted  him  ;  in  short,  would  not 
let  hiiu  go  till  they  had  forced  mouthy  fiom  him.     At  length  he  made  them 
a  low  bow  and  cried,  '  (Jeiitlcmen,  I  have  often  heard  of  the  majesty  of 
the  people,  I  prcsuuvc  your  highnesses  are  iu  court  mourning. '  " 

We  should  however  be  justly  liable  to  censure,  were  we  to  pause  here, 
contented  ullh  having  represented  Mrs.  More  as  both  enjoying  and 
enlivening  the  circles  of  literature,  and  rising  iu  favour  and  reputation 
with  the  most  eminent  persons  of  her  age,  by  her  manners  and  talents,  as 
"well  as  with  the  public  by  her  works ;  a  far  higher  meed  of  praise 
remains  yet  to  be  bestowed.  'J1ie  strong  understanding  of  tliis  estimable 
person  was  never  misled,  nor  her  solid  principles  of  what  was  right  ever 
loosened,  by  the  affection  and  applause  of  the  world  that  were  ever  at  her 
feet,  by  the  "lust  of  the  eye  and  the  pride  of  life,"  Even  amidst  the 
brightest  and  best  scenes  of  eujoymeut,  and  amid  gratifications  tvhich  none 
would  consider  au  passing  the  bounds  of  prudence  and  propriety,  her  heart 
remained  ever  ajiart  and  commniiiug  within  itself  r 

"  The  heart  (Ustrusting,  ask'd  if  this  be  joy." 
Soou  after  the  period  we  ha\e  been  considering,  she  withdrew  herself 
gnrtluully  from  the  society  of  her  former  friends  and  benefactors,  and 
devoted  all  the  energies  of  her  well-regulated  and  uell-informed  mind  to 
the  instruction  and  improvement  of  her  f<'Ilovv-cre:iture8,  by  word  and 
deed,  addressing  the  wealthy  and  the  great  in  a  variety  of  elm(nent  and 
well-reasoned  publications  j  instructing  the  poor  and  needy  by  txertions 
that  never  wearied,  and  supplying  their  temporal  wants  by  a  charity 
that  increased  iu  proportion  a-s  the  demands  upon  it  rruiltipliedj  while  her 
chief,  or  rather  sole  relaxation  was  found  in  cultivating  and  adorning  her 
garden  which  she  had  made,  as  she  so  expresses  it,  5u  a  letter  to  a  friend  : 
"  I  spend  almost  my  whole  time  in  my  little  garden,  '  which  mocks  my 
scant  manuring.'  From  morn  to  noon,  from  noon  to  dewy  c\c,'  I  am  em- 
ployed in  rai>)iug  dejected  |)inks.  and  reforming  disonlerly  honeysuckles." 

Though  many  persons  vrill  differ  from  her  in  some  of  her  principles  and 
tencta,  and  though  some  may  object  to  the  .severity  of  her  [irnetical  views, 
yet  all  mu»t  admire  and  love  the  unspotted  purity  of  her  mind,  the  aflec- 
tionate  narmth  of  her  heart,  and  the  active  benevolence  of  her  life. 
There  can  be  no  difference  or  dispute  on  these  points. ;  and  we  can  only 
lament  that  we  arc  obliged  to  leave  sccdcb  undescriljcd  that  would  gladden 


IS35.]     Memoirs  of  ihc  Life  and  Corre:/pondvnce  of  Hannah  More.         J3 

the  heart  of  the  pbilaiithropist ;  and  to  pass  over  unnoticed,  long  years 
,y  decades  of  unwearied  cbnrity,  mcetinitj  the  claims  of  want  under  every 
ety  of  deoiand,  amid  tlie  opposition  of  the  selfisli,  and  the  calumnies  of 
the  inaliguant.  81ic  may  well  be  said  to  liavc  gone  throngli  "  evil 
report,"  who  «as  publicly  denounced  from  \\v.'.  pulpit  as  a  disaffected, 
vicious.,  seditious  woman  ;  who  was  with  Hatfield  in  his  attack  on  the 
King  ;  who  kept  a^sassiuji  in  her  pay — who  fomented  the  desire  of  war — 
and  lastly,  who  was  concerned  with  Charlotte  C'ordoy  iu  the  murder  of 
Munit  1  !  Surely!  "  the  force  of  ft>IIy  could  no  further  go,"  against  one 
whose  life  had  been  spent  in  the  attempt  to  reform  profligate  ignorance,  to 
recall  presumptuous  apoatacy,  and  to  remove  spiritual  tJegradation, 

U'c  are  not  writing  a  history  of  H.  More,  uhxch  can  bcit  be  read  iu  her 
own  MOrks,  and  in  the  pages  of  her  faithful  biographer,  else  could  we 
have  enlarged  wiih  deliiicht  on  the  calm  enjoyments,  the  tranquil  occupa- 
tjons.  and  the  \\\%\\  duties  of  her  domestic  life,  which  sisterly  alTection 
heigbteucd,  Mhieh  piety  ^aut■tified,  and  conscience  approved.  How  <piiet, 
but  how  deep  was  the  love  which  bound  lliis  little  happy  female  familly  in 
its  (golden  chain  !  How  pure  aiid  how  true  it  «as,  was  not  only  seen  in  the 
uiibruken  pleasui'e  of  their  lives,  and  in  their  teufler  respect  for  each 
fttlier,  but  iu  the  calmness  and  content  with  which  they  submitted  to  their 
Kpamtton  in  death.  "  Some  natural  tears  they  dro]>t,  but  v*'ip'd  them 
KHWi,"  as  one  by  one  they  fell  aslee|i  iu  full  maturity  of  age,  with  affec- 
tions unimpaired,  and  hearts  uninjured  by  the  world,  "^ilieir's  wa.s  no 
worldly  regret,  no  forlorn  and  unsupported  grief;  they  sorrowed  ni>t  like 
tliose  who  have  no  hope.  It  is  said,  we  l>clieve,  that  there  is  no  solid  and 
fiub«t«Dtial  joy  but  what  niust  have  been  long  foreseen  and  prepared. 
However  that  may  be,  whether  true  geuerulty  or  not,  we  are  sure  that  the 
gladness  and  hoj>e  and  joy  of  the  departing  spirit,  must  have  been 
prepared  by  a  long  surrender  of  itself,  w  hen  that  surrender  was  the  most 
difficult  task  it  could  [>erforra,  and  the  most  co.stIy  sacrifice  it  could  make. 
If  n  .six*ck,  a  (single  speck,  was  seen  in  the  pure  mirror  of  her  fading 
mittd,  of  whose  departure  from  the  living  vve  are  now  s{ieaking ;  if  a  cloud, 
a  dullness,  passed  across  the  serene  li^ht  of  the  long  and  golden  evening 
of  her  days, — let  us  ficl  and  acknowledge  that  it  is  another  memento,  for 
i"HT  Haiited,  to  remind  us  th.it  in  the  midst  of  strength  we  are  in  weak- 
M*^,  and  that  in  a  world  of  trial  even  our  noblest  exertions  canuot  be 
•tpifatcd  ffom  the  iin|>erfect  and  frail  luackiner^-  by  which  they  are 
m<Med.  She  who  never  suffered  the  activity  of  her  intellect  to  shimber, 
iihii  woke  at  every  call  of  duty,  and  listened  for  every  tender  whisper  of 
pMiscirnce,  whose  moral  and  spiritual  powers  were  alike  in  exercise  and 
utroal  , — she  was  fated  to  feel,  in  common  with  some  of  the  greatest 
da,  that  her  task  was  done  before  the  night  of  life  lia<l  descended,  and 
a  few  seasons  she  was  left  upon  earth  to  afford  a  delightful  though 
anc  gratification  to  the  sympathies  of  her  friends,  in  watching  over  her 
who  had  lived  to  watch  for  jdl  ;  in  preserving  from  anxiety  and 
that  heart  that  never  faltered  nor  failed  ;  and  in  sujjplying,  as  far 
'lid,  the  placefof  those  exhausted  energies  which  had  prematurely 
>i.-fi»re  the  task  of  love  had  closed.  \\'e  were  iu  hopes  to  have 
i  itxkui  to  say  something  more  peculiarly  on  the  literary  merits  of 
;h  Morv'a  works,  but  wc  must  forlwar.  Her  Poetical  tidenls  we  do 
ite  highly,  though  much  extolled  by  Johnson  ;  her  Vers  dc 
.-  the  best  j  her  [wlitics  are  very  shallow,  and  her  eulogies  on  the 


«f  Ike  Ltfe  attd  C^rrespoHdtrace  of  Hannah  More^      [Jan. 


and  the  good  bishop,  will  meet  with  no  favour 
d  dcfeoerat«  days  ;  but  her  Prose  workH  are  distin^ 
cfarg^ument,  justness  yf  thoujfht,  aolidity  of  reflec- 
•^  iOuliation.  There  is  a  moral  clcK|iicnee  that  elevates 
mad  force  tliat  comes  upon  us  with  the  conviction 
di  tnCk;  tfa*,  tacether  with  the  choice  of  the  (Subjects,  and  that  toue  of 
mavwittman  arlocli  never  faiU  to  please^  made  her  as  popular  a  moralist 
m  fear  4af,  m  tke  Ettimai*  bad  made  Brovvc  iu  the  age  preceding.  Inde- 
ti  tke  gnat  merit  of  her  writinjurs,  a  lady  setting  up  as  the 
«#  dM  age  mn  sure  to  attract  curiosity  uud  admiratlou  ;  but 
fttUtmaei  and  Queens  approved,  the  success  uas  certain  ; 
mot  a  tingle  peraon  ever  appropriated  the  eenstire  that  was  no 
widdf  d^iued.  Her  language  is  in  genera)  Sf  lect,  and  her  style  haniio^ 
aiiaa;  if  il  hai  defects*  it  is  |ierbaps  in  a  waut  of  flexibility  and  variety. 
it  WMn  HWhAIh  Johnson's  than  Addison's,  and  indeed  it  was  formed 
tfcc  tine  when  the  Raubter  and  Adventurer  were  in  the  highest 
;  hence  perhaps,  we  find  that  she  uses  leairicd  and  long  words 
from  the  ancient  languages,  when  a  purer  Suxon  idiom*  would 
kare  imparted  oiore  ease  and  elegaucc  ;  but  though  sometiuies  incorrect.f 
ber  siyle  is  free  from  all  affectation,  ali  tawdry^  and  all  tinsel ;  and  is  as  for  »s 
^■amhle  from  anything  approaching  to  Miss  Seward,  or  Miss  Jane  Porter, 
or  «ft»  Milady  Morgan  herself: — her  Letters  arc  written  with  grace, 
▼tradty,  and  politeness  ;  and  are  rich  beyond  any  book  that  has  been 
hlcly  published,  in  recollections  of  literature,  and  anecdotes  of  literary 
■icu.  We  are  afraid,  that  with  thin  work  the  volumes  which  could  unfold  to 
as  the  spirit  of  the  Johnsonian  age,  are  fur  ever  closed  ,  the  flood  of  time 
has  risen ;  the  giants  who  were  on  earth  in  those  days,  arc  departed  ;  and 
the  latest  foot-step  printed  on  the  sand,  is  that  of  Hannah  More,  whose 
Mune  will  de^-end  to  |x)sterily  ;is  one  among  the  "  devout  and  honourable 
women,"  of  whom  England  we  trust  possCi^aes   "  not  a  few." 

With  reganl  to  the  manner  in  which  the  book  is  edited,  we  have  not 
niach  to  say.  Mrs.  More's  voluminous  correspondence,  and  the  fortunate 
pre»ervatian  of  her  letters,  has  made  her,  her  own  biographer  ^  and  seldom 
even  is  there  a  necessity  for  supplying  by  narrative  the  intervals  of  her  more 
interesting  letters.  Her  editors  religions  principles  are  in  accordance 
with  those  of  the  periion  whose  life  he  has  published  ;  but  they  arc  more 
positively  declared,  and  more  sin-erely  watched:  bis  coarse,  we  fear  we 
must  also  add,  his  almost  bruttU  attack  on  the  memory  of  the  late  Lord 


¥ 


•  If,  when  Mr».  More  apeakR  o^  *  a  Mr.  B — ,  the  poet  of  urns  and  obeliskB,' 
vintiug  her,  ihe  mc«nti  Mr.  LuUe  Bowles,  we  prnDounce  nt  once  and  decidedly  that 
ahs  mast  have  been  unable  to  f«tinMt«  some  of  lUe  moftt  beautiful  and  retiued  and 
iovddas  poetry  in  the  English  language.  We  hope  some  one  eke  was  meaat  than 
<ha  boaoored  bard  of  Brrmhill. 

\  How  could  all  Miis  More*«  learned  friends,  critics,  bitdiops,  and  lexicogrnpherp, 
let  her  oae  aurh  a  barbariim  aa — '  EiiloKium  * — which  «he  dues  constantij, — m  '  the 
itttumine  coolneaa  of  a  geometrical  calculation.'  There  are  alao  Mime  mif^taice*  in 
jiointa  of  Uaming  in  her  work»  (but  »hc  confeaaea  the  hnd  no  pr<;tf niiiona  to  learning), 
out  wbteb  are  not  worth  (Minting  out,  at  least  in  thin  place.  \W  find,  frnm  p.  40G  of 
the  first  volamc,  that  the  anecdote  of  lJlo\eT  the  poet  destroying  Mr.  Wi'«t'»  In-d  of 
tttlipa  in  a  '  faror  Poeticua,'  and  which  we  think  wati  lirat  mentioned  by  Mr.  Snuthey 
in  print,  ia  Misa  More'*  pro])erty  :  the  Laureate  probably  received  it  from  her. 
There  arc  Mine  •tniD|w  niatakea  io  this  book  (a»  vol.  ixi.  p.  .'tCK))  '■  Parton'g  dinlo^c 
between  Hagtrjf,  for  ForaoD  and  Haylcr  ;  and  Grenville't  Ode  to  Indiffereucc  for 
GreriUt's  '•  t 


tl 


Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


15 


OrforH.*  we  shrink  from  with  disgust ;  and  his  pamllel  between  Corinne 
and  Coelebs  is  one  that  would  hare  been  avoided  by  every  person  of  taste 
and  feeling:  of  the  sincerity  of  Mr.  Roberts's  opinions,  of  the  waimth 
of  Ins  devotional  feelings,  and  the  rectitude  of  his  moral  jad^rment,  no 
doubt  can  be  entertained  ;  we  only  wish  that  they  had  been  tempered  with 
that  gentleness  niid  meekness  and  indulgence,  that  added  such  a  grace 
to  the  virtues  of  her  whom  he  lamented  and  loved,  whom  for  self-denial  in 
conduct,  for  sacrifice  of  ease  to  duty,  for  Hctive  principles  of  virtue,  and, 
unsptJtted  purity  of  heart,  he  has  justly  held  up  as  a  model  to  the  Cbristiaa 
world ;  and  who  haa  herself  pronounced  that  "  gentleness  i&  the  fniit  of 
piety." 


DIARY  OF  A  LOVER  OF  LITERATURE. 
(Resumed  from   lot.  II.  p.  213.) 

1808.  Juhf  23.  VVenttothe  theatre  in  the  evening,  to  see  Miss  Baillie's 
De  Montford,  which  went  off  very  heavily.  One  is  at  first  amazed  that  what 
reads  so  well,  shonid  act  so  ill ;  the  capital  failing  appears  to  be  that  the 
characters  defcribe  the  passions  and  sentiments  which  they  ooght  ta 
exhibit.  Tliis  will  be  pardoned  in  the  perusal,  but  in  representatioo 
bqcomes  glaringly  unnatund,  and  insulferably  dull. 

jittg  6.  Finished  the  hifitorical  departnictit  and  chronicle  of  Annual 
Register,  1 79-1.  The  eulogy  on  Burke's  son  in  the  chnrmiclc,  though 
eomcthitig  in  Burke's  itiantier,  is  evidently  not  from  him.  By  whom  '\»  it 
\^  ritten  '  !  am  surprised  the  afflicted  father  should  not  have  poured  out  his 
gnu]  upon  this  topic,  in  a  work  he  had  so  long  and  zealously  patronized. 

Sept.  12.  Finished  Zouch's  Life  of  Sir  Philip  Si/dney,  a  feeble  com- 
position. Prentice  dined  with  us,  returning  from  VVhite's  fmicral — not 
mentioned  in  hia  will ;  remarked  that  on  these  occasions  there  is  the 
melancholy  satisfaction  of  ascertaining  in  what  real  degree  of  esteem  yot 
have  have  been  held  by  professed  friends. 

Sepf.  14      Read  Dvppa's  Life  of  Michael  Angela,  n  piece  of  biography! 
nttcrly  unworthy  of  the  subject.     Roscoe  has  treated  the  same  in  a  smaller  ' 
compass,  with  far  more  spirit.     Duppa,  as  Roscoe  \  think  did  before  hiro, 
speculates  on   M.  Angelo's  being  the  remote  cause  of  the  Reformation, 
by  occasioning  the  rebuilding  of  St.  Peter's,  and  the  consequent  profnse 
sale  of  iudutgences.     Djppa,   who  is   a  great  stickler  for  the  beau  ideal, 
states  a  distinctive  character  of  M.Angelo  and  the  antient  sculptors  j 
that  the  former  made  ideal   beauty  and  aggregate   form  subservient  to 
ejcpression,  the  latter  made  expression  and  animated  feelings  subservient 
lo  form.     One  is  delighted  in  finding  in  M.  Angelo,  a  natural,  erect  and 
independent  spirit,  as  mmple  and  sublime  as  hia  genina^  in  this  respect ! 
how  diffeieut  fn»m  our \ 

Oct.  28.  Read  the  first  seven  of  Palejf's  posthuraops  sermons ;  the 
first  and  third  are  on  a  subject,  which  Hume  has  treated  with  his  usnati 


penetration }  '  the  strange  indifference  of  firm  believers  to  their  destiny  in 

"  This  attack  on  Lord  Orford  by  the  Editor,  i«  nbsolutely  written  in  dffiatice  of! 
Miss  Morv'a  hiiving  dedicated  oae  of  her  works  ta  him,  in  which  shr  spraks  of  th« 
■greeahh'  information  die  had  received  from  Un  writini^ ;  and  adds,  '  that  among  Uw 
brilliant  aod  lively  tilings  thts  heard  from  him,  she  never  reniembem  to  liave  beard  an 
unkind  or  un^nerouB  one,  and  adds  her  feeble  testimony  to  the  temperate  uie  he 
inndc  of  his  wit,  (ipiided  by  politenesn,  and  directed  by  humanity.'  To  what  uiisteemly 
kni^ha  will  not  bigotry  and  vinlrnee  drive  even  perauns  of  sense  and  brredingl 


!t  of  a  Lover  of  Lit 


\ 


ftate.'  1  remark  one  distingiiishiiig  exceliericc  in  Paley,  which 
IS  |MMrerfol  eCect  in  wtnuiu^  coQAdeticc  ;  lie  is  never  so  eogrossed  with  a 
be  i*  taking  of  a  subject,  as  not  to  be  disposed  to  give  due  i^on- 
id  urei^lit  to  its  other  bearings. 
Or*.  7.  Peniued  Huuhimon  s  Memoirs.  What  days  of  romance  were 
tkoae  «rken  a  grave  geiitlemau  actnully  expires  for  grief  and  angiiisL  at 
the  decotP  of  a  gcotletoan  uhom  he  never  heard  of,  but  from  the  de- 
■lip.>L—  of  Uie  fees ;  aud  when  that  mirror  of  execlleuee  Col.  Hutchiason 
■MMtlf,  becoCDe«  smitten  with  his  hiHy,  and  sickens  at  her  supposed 
■Mrra^pe*  long  before  he  saw  her — merely  frum  report.  Yet,  from  former 
CXpefienoe  of  sometLiag  aualognus,  I  believe  devoutly  that  all  this  ie  in 
MAUc.  Mrs.  H-'»  account  of  her  husband  s  lirst  pa.ssion  fur  her  is  given 
witl)  Bocb  •implicity  and  tenderness ;  cme  Is  amazed  hoiv  much  devotion 
ouAfled  itself  with  all  the  feelings  of  thi^  day  3  her  vicu'  of  political  or 
ratker  religif/iu  affairii  fronj  the  Keformution  to  the  long  Parliament  ia 
very  tiitere»ting.  One  gets  by  the  narrative  at  the  root  of  the  feelings  _ 
of  tlie  times  on  tbc  subject.  The  fashionable  Prote.^fant  doctrine  of  ■ 
paMtvc  obedience'  to  princes,  she  consideis  as  originating  lu  o|)positioa  to  ' 
tiie  mad  prostrating  doctrines  of  its  enthusiastic  nicnihers,  the  Munster 
AaabapUstSt  &c  ;  aud  bli/.abeth's  execution  of  ihat  Jezebei  Mnry  Queen  ot 
ticou,  to  t)i«  danger  from  a  Papist  successor  to  the  Eni{lish  throne. 
Tbcrc  are  many  psiKsage.H  of  most  beautiful  writing,  as  when  she  talks  of 
tbc  thunder  iu  lG3it  heard  rattling  afar  oil',  and  llasheb  penetrating  the 
Boat  ob»cure  woodit,  forerunners*  of  the  storm  wliitb  next  yeiir  was  more 
apparent,  and  of  the  mischief  "  >\heu  hands  tvhich  were  made  only  for 
di^tafTn,  Jiflect  the  niunageuieut  of  sceptres."  The  passage  too  respecting 
fiucklnghant  m  hne.  "  J'hat  he  seeriied  an  luihapjiy  exhalation  drawn  up 
from  the  earth,  not  only  to  cloud  the  setting  but  the  rising  sun."  The  pious 
and  candid  Mrs  Kiitchitison  aliuoKt  invariably  denominates  the  royal  party, 
"dcboftht  malignant.^,'  and  lier  own,  "  the  godly-"'  The  account  of 
Colonel  Tborniiagha  death,  at  the  battle  of  Preston,  is  a  line  history 
piece,  and  may  be  placed  beside  W'cdfe's-  It  is  curious  to  observe  how 
•erioDSly  she  aMcriben  all  impulses  on  extraordinary  occasions  to  a  call  from 
the  ixird.  The  Colonel  sought  this  call  by  prayer,  in  sitting  in  judgment 
on  Charles  the  First  ;  what  a  fertile  field  for  delusion  and  hypocrisy. 
Cromwell's  irresistible  pimers  of  cajoling  are  exemplified  by  many  anec- 
dotes uubt  iuiportanl  to  n  life  of  h'm. 

Oct.  2;'>.  Began  Mad.  Cottin's  Mathilde  :  the  style  and  sentiments  are 
pure  and  delicate,  but  appear  tame  aud  feeble  beside  the  glowing  colours 
of  Corinnc  ;  the  infant  passion  scarcely  felt  and  not  recoguiKcd,  gradually 
rising  by  imperecptible  aceretion.s  in  the  lK«som  of  Mathilde,  is  designed 
H'ith  exijui.iite  delicacy  ;  but  on  the  whole  there  is  too  much  refinement 
of  sentiment,  and  the  occasional  descriptions  of  natiiial  scenery  are  nmch 
too  elalKjratc,  and  put  on  like  studicj  from  another  hand,  instead  of 
springing  nnturaliy  from  the  circumstances  iu  uLich  they  occur.  As  one 
proceed*,  the  extravagance  of  the  fiction,  rendered  more  insupportable  by 
being  grafted  upon  laet,  gradually  damps  and  e\linguit.hc.s  that  interest, 
which  length  of  narrati\e  has  a  natural  tendency  to  cheri.sh,  and  one 
harries  over  the  latter  volumes  witii  impatience  to  reach  the  close.  In 
the  27th  chap  inajust  reflection  which  I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  so 
fully  exhibited. — II  n'ya  de  vraics  et  dn rabies  jonis*ances  que  cillcs  que 
lea  longues  csperances  ont  achetees,  passant  en  un  instant  (hi  dcsir  au 
boiihcur,  nouA  {lasserions  en  un  instant  du  bonheur  au  degiurt,  ot  du 
2 


I 


J 


1&15.] 


Diary  of  a  Lovtr  of  Literature. 


17 


degoAt  h  la  mort  peot-dtre,  car  elle  est  molns  cruellc  que  lui.  Ainsi 
Bfl  jonr  auradt  suffi  poar  devorcr  notre  rapidc  cxisteDcc,  et  Bouvent  eocore 
'  raurions  nous  etrouve  trop  long. 

Nov.  7.  Called  on  Clubhe  yesterday  before  dinner ;  in  a  hideouR  state  j 
afraid  to  die,  and  terrified  by  his  apprehension  iuto  a  persuasion  that  be 
ijBiiut ;  expressed  himself  quite  satisAed  with  his  reasoning,  and  practice  in 
profession. 
Nov.  20.  Read  the  first  piece  io  the  collection  of  Paley's  Tracts. 
|Cousiderati«>ns  on  subscription  ;  a  most  exquisite  morocaii  of  controversial 
writing,  replete  with  keen  and  just  criticism,  but  nothing  after  PaJey's 
manner,  except  in  viewing  a  topic  and  an  argiimeitt  with  its  exact  limita- 
tions, and  various  bearings  ;  as[>ecies  of  discernment  of  inestimable  use  iu 
I  conflict  with  a  loose  writer.  I  should  not  have  expected  that  Paley  would 
have  taken  so  decided  a  part  in  favour  of  full  freedom  of  inqiiirj-,  and 
•gainst  subscription  to  Articles.  He  would  have  the  pulpit  like  the  press, 
festricted  solely  to  subsequent  reprehension,  and  not  by  the  imposition  of 
any  previous  limitation.  He  s])caks  very  happily  of  the  advantage  of 
altering  our  Articles,  "  in  freeing  the  governors  of  the  Church  from  the 
diilicuky  of  defending  some  of  its  decayed  fortitications,  and  the  indecency 
of  destroying  them." 
Nov.  27.  A  wretched  day,  never  stirred  out;  read  the  first  three  of 
Paley's  Sermons,  collected  in  bis  Tracts.  The  first  delivers  some  verj- 
judicious  cautious  against  applying  scriptural  expressions,  which  were  only 
applicable  at  the  time  they  were  delivered,  to  present  circumstances. — 
Regeneration — for  example,  (which  might  truly  be  applied  to  the  state  of 
a  person  converted  to  Christianity),  to  any  supposed  sudden  change  in  a 
person,  brought  up  and  profe&tiiug  the  Christian  religion,  when  it  can  have 
no  place.  I'he  second  gives  some  excellent  advice  to  young  clergymen— 
from  the  third.  BuaKK  seems  to  have  taken  the  argument  in  his  Reflections, 
iu  favour  of  different  orders  of  the  Church,  as  adapting  ministers  of  religion 
to  the  different  ranks  of  civil  society  ,*  and  perhaps  the  sipirit  of  his  remark 
on  ballasting  the  vessel,  according  to  circumstances  in  which  she  is  placed, 
may  have  been  borrowed  from  a  subsequent  recommendation,  on  the  doc* 
trioes  to  be  proposed,  or  discontinued,  accordiug  to  the  prevailing  propen* 
aity  of  their  minds  at  the  time. 

Nov,  28.  Beautiful  effect  of  the  setting  bud  pouring  its  bright  efful- 
gence on  the  town,  relieved  by  the  azure  hills,  and  mountain-like  clouds. 
Yet  I  am  still  of  a  fixed  opinion,  that  iu  engravings,  drawings,  and  [>aint' 
ings,  the  sky  is  usuaMy  made  too  forcible,!  solid,  and  substantial,  for  the 
ground. 

Dtc.  15.  Finished  Franklin's  Works. — Priestley's  closing  letter,  giving 
an  account  of  Franklin's  character  and  conduct,  is  liighly  interesting.     Of 


I 


k 


*  Cowper's  twrere  atrictar«i  on  this  position  of  Palrj,  in  hin  Letters,  is  probabljri 
known  tn  most  of  our  readers.  Had  Paley  taken  different  groond,  and  argued  ab« 
jtractcdly,  that  sucb  a  variety  of  orders  in  the  church  would  be  advantageous,  bit] 
arntunient  would  have  been  right  ;  his  error  lay,  in  asserting  abtiulutely,  that  thfl 
different  orders  of  the  church  perform  dietinct  duties  to  distinct  ranks  of  society, 
which  i»  perfectly  false. — En. 

-f  Do«a  Mr.  Green  intend  to  My,  that  the  sky,  in  paintingE  in  general,  is  too  tub*, 
■tootially  pointed  to  imitate  natnre  ,  or  doea  be  mean,  to  produce  its  proper 
effect  in  a  picture  f  If  the  latter,  it  would  convey  a  general  cendiu-e  on  landscape 
ptlBten  ;  if  the  former,  it  is  answered  by  Ju&hua  Reyaoldo  completely  in  his  Lex> 
MlM.— EO. 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  III.  D 


o/"o  Lover  of  Literature 


Dec,  IS. 


^ 


to  prccerve  the  connection  between  America  and  Bri- 
evidcnce  than  any  be  has  adduced.  His  narra> 
6»e  «#  iIk  1  »■■■■!  mi  1 1 1  attending,  and  the  mode  in  which  Franklin 
Wcidcrfmin'*  lererc  and  cutting  philippicj,  on  the  examiDation 
iW  Prny  OnnicQ,  is  inestimable  ;  stmphcity  and  sagacity  appear 
tke  two  4isttnguishiog  traits  of  Frunk1in'»  character. 
Bcjgan  Warburton's  letters  to  Hiird,  and  read  them  with 
A  rich  repast,  replete  with  bold  and  original  thoughts, 
prufouDd  reflectionti,  daring  paradoxes,  boastful  e\utta- 
Mid  frank  avowals,  fervent  deiuonstrationa  of  friendly 
■Cnfaw  of  UMUily  and  indignant  ctocjuence,  strokes  oi  true  and 
r,  coarse  and  contemptuons  invectives  on  his  enemies,  and 
trhfch  evince  throughout  his  eager  and  jealous  dcjire  of  literary 
lAMfi :  bringing  out  in  high  relief  the  lineaments  of  character  aduurably 
mA  forcibly  depicted  by  Parr  in  his  preface  and  dedication,  aa  Hurd's 
deliercatia]  and  adulatory  letters,  occasionally  inserted,  do  his.  )\'arbiirtoD'8 
■ad  Hnnl's,  diflfereni  and  opposite  as  their  cluimcters  are  in  many  respects, 
•eein  formed  by  nature  to  have  been  dovetailed  to  each  other  ;  iticorpiratcd 
tliey  might  have  formed  one  capital  whole.  The  lights  thrown  by  these 
letters  on  the  literary  history  of  the  periml,  are  abnre  measure  interesting. 
Furmust  be  infinitely  delighted  with  the  pemsal  of  them. 

Dec.  17.  Finished  the  pcrosal  of  Warburton's  Letters.  The  gradual 
decay  of  mind  evinced  in  the  later  letters,  otiiibits  a  most  afflicting  spec- 
tacle ;  we  watch,  as  we  go  idong,  expiring  genius.  Warburton  (Lett.  '.\.) 
considers  Petronius's  curiusa  feticitas,  as  consisting  in  using  the  simidest 
language  with  dignity,  and  the  most  adorned  with  ease.  He  is  cuuiident 
that  nothing  but  the  light  (Lett.  17)  derived  from  I'rnphecy  can  support 
Christianity  in  it^j  present  circumstances.  Berkeley,  (Lett.  20;  he  calls 
a  great  man,  and  the  otdy  visioniiry  whom  he  knew  :ls  great.  Enthusiasm 
(Lett,  xl)  he  defines — "such  an  irregularity  of  mind  as  makes  us  give  a 
stronger  assent  to  the  concluKiotis  than  the  endences  shiiU  warrant." 
His  plan  of  attacking  hie  own  work,  preparatory  to  a  defejice  of  it,  against 
threatened  attacks  (Lettxlvii)  is  curious  and  instructive,  \othing  can 
be  more  felicitous  than  bis  badinage  on  a  grand  tam  round  8t.  James's 
Park,  (Lett4  Ix).  In  letter  8-1,  he  imparls  to  Hurd  the  cause  of  the 
origin  (which  the  latter  afterwards  adopted  in  his  Dialogues)  of  Protestant 
divines  [»reaching  the  duties  of  divine  right  and  non-resistance,  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  Papal  assumed  power  of  dejxisition.  Speaking  of  the  Divine 
JjCgatinn,  be  solemnly  afhrms  (Lett.  £)5)  '  that  he  tshail  never  wittingly 
advance  one  falsehood,  or  conceal ^  or  disguise  one  truth."  If  this  b<; 
believed,  he  must  have  had  vast  powers  of  self-preservation,  and  his  tem- 
perament favours  this  belief. — '  Fit  and  right — (he  remarks,  (Lett.  -15)  in 
|>otitic8  arc  two  things,  though  in  morals  but  one,' — Hurd  (Lett.  150) 
appears  to  have  been  taken  in  by  the  morality  of  the  New  Heloise,  on  its 
first  api)earancc,  and  Warburton  in  the  next  follows  j  but  seems  well 
acquainted  with  the  character  of  Ilousscau,  so  far  as  it  had  then  (17C1) 
dcvclojKfd  itself.  In  Let.  183,  he  delivers  this  maxim,  ''  In  your  commerce 
with  the  great,  if  you  would  have  it  turn  to  your  advantage,  endeavour, 
when  the  person  is  of  great  ability,  to  make  him  satisfied  With  ifitu:  when, 
of  none,  with  fiimaelf."  He  seems  (Lett.  '23  I )  to  have  received  the  fatal 
disclosure,  in  which  Gil  Bla5  so  failed  with  the  Archbishop  of  Grenada,  with 
great  compowurc  and  complacency,  and  to  have  yielded  without  a  struggle. 
Warburton's  abuses  of  his  enemies  are  horrid.     Hume  is  consigned  to  tlic 


I 
I 

I 


183a.]  Historical  Characters,     By  S<r  J.  Macintosh. 


Pillory  in  liis  first  carious  notice  of  him,  (Lett.  6,  1 749,)  and  afterwards, 
(Lett.  100, 1 75 7j)  he  is  described  as  posscseinf?  a  more  wicked  heart  than  he 
ever  met  with.  Johnson's  remarks  (he  saye),  on  his  Commentaries  on 
Shaks|)eare  (Lett.  !7a,)  'are  fnll  of  insolence  and  malignant  reilectioDS, 
whichj  had  they  not  in  them  as  much  folly  as  malignity,  he  would  have 
reason  to  be  offended  with.'  Priestley,  (Lett.  'J2U)  is 'that  wretched 
fellow.  The  gloomy  and  malignant  Jottin,  (Lett.  227^  dies  of  eating  hia 
own  heart,  Evanson,  (235)  is  a  conncted  innovator.  \\'alptile,  an  insuf- 
ferable coxcomb.  Spence,  a  |)oor  creature  :  and  dunces  juid  blockheads 
thunder  through  bis  epistles  without  number.  Yet  it  is  impossible  aot,  on 
the  whole,  to  admire  VVarburton's  heart  as  well  as  genius,  as  they  are 
jjoored  forth  in  these  artless  but  vigorous  effusious.  Hurd's  character  as 
a  man,  whatever  he  might  hope  from  the  association  with  his  illustrious 
friend,  must  be  greatly  sunk  by  their  publication. 

Dec.  31.  Douce  affirms,  in  his  Illustrations  of  Shakspeare,  that  Cvpid's 
blindness  is  not  warranted  by  the  authority  of  any  ancient*  classical 
author,  and  that  Chaucer  is  the  first  English  writer  who  has  noticed  it. 


HISTORICAL  CHARACTERS.     Bv  SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

Charactera  of  the  Membrrs  of  the  Cabinet,  in  t/ie  Reign  ofJamn  the  Second. 

As  Sir  James  Mackintosh's  History  of  the  Revolution  is  at  present  only 
to  be  obtained  by  the  purchase  of  a  volume  which  is  large  and  expensive, 
it  has  been  considered  advisable  to  extract  from  it  one  of  its  most  bntshed 
and  attractive  parts  —  the  Historical  Characters.  These  portraits  are 
drawn  with  knowledge  and  discriniinatjini ;  and  the  skill  and  elegance 
with  which  they  are  designed,  will  place  Ihcm  in  no  inferior  situation, 
beside  those  of  Clarendon  and  Hume.  It  is,  however,  to  be  hoped  that 
the  late  work  of  this  elmjuent  and  enlightened  writer,  will  be  given  to  the 
public  in  a  cheajier  and  more  commwllous  form,  separate  from  the  very 
imperfect  biography  which  accompanies  it ;  and  from  the  continuation, 
which  proceeds  from  the  pen  of  a  person,  whose  jwlitical  opinions  arc  not 
at  all  in  accordance  with  the  scntimeuts  entertained  by  the  Historian. 

E.'kRL    OP    SUNDERLAND. 

Robert  Spencer,  Earl  of  .Sunderland,  who  soon  acquired  the  chief 
ascendancy  in  this  adininistraliou,  entered  on  public  life  with  all  the  ex- 
ternal advantages  of  birth  and  fortune.  His  father  fell  in  the  Royal 
army  at  the  battle  of  JSewbnry,  with  those  mcLincholy  fnrebodings  of 
diutger  from  the  victory  of  his  own  party,  whicli  filled  the  breasts  of  the 
more  generous  Royalists,  and  which  on  the  same  occasion  saddened  the 
d)nng  moments  of  Lord  Falkland.  His  umthcr  was  Lady  Dorothy  Sydney, 
celebrated  by  Waller  under  the  name  of  iSachanssa.  He  wan  early  era- 
ployed  in  diplomatic  missions,  where  he  acfjuired  the  political  knowledge, 
insinuating  address,  and  polished  manners,  which  are  learnt  in  that  school, 
together  with  the  subtlety,  dissimulation,  flexibility  of  principle,  indif- 
ference on  questions  of  constitutional  policy,  and  impatience  of  the  re- 

•  Consult '  Chartarii  Imsfineg  Deorum  qui  ab  Antiquia  cclebantur,'  p.  331 ,  -llo.  If 
Mr.  Douce  meaiu  by  blindness,  Cupid's  eyes  being  bandaged,  he  is  certainly  in  error. 
If  Cupid's  blinJneu  is  not  Kutborised  by  the  ancients,  when  is  it  first  meutioaed? 
for  Petrarch,  in  one  of  his  Latin  Pueuis,  alludes  to  it, 

Non  oeittit  captum,  {"haretrA  sed  enim,  alque  sagittte, 
Armatam. — Ed. 


I 


i 


titlitt  9&if^  <■  MMVeadcncCy  sm  bc  mmc  aii  peace  witli  IM  Cout,  Inr 
lie  aJfaM  «#  dbeMe  «C  York,  »U  U4  iMg  ben  veil  ifapowd  to 
lte«  iR4  «r  fie  DwkMi  itf  PWtawMlk,  who  fvud  BO  dificd^  iena». 


tea Miihcd M  «di  »  ft  plkat  emutkr, 
■nilrttr.  «0d  •  MMrtcr  awve  wned  b  Cofdpi  a&in  tkn  My  of 
CiSbmbc*.     ?M||^ll|pnwc  lad  pirfwiou  bound  him  to  ofice  bj 

'  wt  9i  aafaitioB.  He  lired  in  «b  age  whea  a 
Batten  had  not  bcigaa  to  hare  a  geaeial 
k  j  aad  vhca  a  teaftc  of  perwnal  hoooor,  grmriag  aot 
«f  Im|(  babitt  «f  oo-operitaoB  aad  frieiMfehip,  had  not  yet  contributed  to 
"^  R  wpimA  poBlical  mcmstaDcr.  He  was  one  of  the  laoat  dia« 
of  a  UfttOBk  of  nen  who  perform  a  p&rt  more  important  than 
In  crevt  e>re«tt ;  who  by  powerfd  talents,  captirattng  manners,  and 
■OulSac  opiaioftat  \n  a  quick  <fiscemment  of  criti^  momenta  m 
Ike  Hk  wd  Cu  af  paitiev,  ^  oot  deaerting  a  cause  till  the  iostant  before 
k  ia  — luewalty  Aaeorered  to  be  deiperate,  and  by  a  command  of  expe- 
dteirta  aad  oamMtkNM  which  render  them  valuable  to  every  new  possessor 
•f  paver,  ftad  aeaaa  to  cling  to  office,  or  to  recover  tt,  and  who,  though 
Ibey  are  the  nalanl  ofi»pnn|tr  of  quiet  and  refinement,  often  creep  through 
ptorwjf  levolatiOM  witbout  beiog  crashed.  Like  the  best  and  most  pru- 
af  Uo  ebn,  be  i^ipcan  not  to  hare  betrayed  the  secrets  of  the  friends 
be  ikaiidoMd.  and  aerer  to  have  complied  with  more  evil  than  was 
to  keep  hi*  power.  His  temper  was  witbout  rancour  ;  he  must 
be  aequitted  of  proroiiting,  or  even  preferring  the  cruel  arts  wbicb  were 
perpetnted  under  his  sdroinistration  :  deep  designs  and  premeditated 
treacbeij  were  irreconcileable  l>uth  with  his  indolence  and  his  impetuo- 
•Iftj  f  sad  there  is  sooie  reason  to  believe  that,  in  the  midst  of  total  indif- 
fciauftja  about  retiipous  opinions,  he  retained  to  the  end  some  degree  of 
tbttt  prefefsncc  for  dvil  liberty  whicli  he  might  have  derived  from  the 
ennpic  of  his  ancestors,  and  the  sentiments  of  some  of  hrs  early  conncc- 
lion* 

BaSL    or    ROCHESTER. 

Lairrcnce  Hyde,  Earl  of  Rochester,  the  younger  son  of  the  Earl  of  Cla- 
readon,  wm  I^>rd  Munderland's  moot  formidable  competitor  for  the  chief 
direction  of  public  nfTmrs.  He  owed  this  ]in[>ortance  rather  to  his  i>o»ition 
Mid  connections  titan  to  Iiis  ahilities,  which  however  were  by  no  iiieuns 
csotemptible.     He  was  the  undisputed  leader  of  the  Tor)-  party,  to  whose 


1835.] 


MaekitUoah's  Historical  Characters. 


highest  principle*  in  Church  and  State,  ho  showed  ft  constant  and  probably 
B  conscientious  attacliiuent.  He  had  adhered  to  James  iu  every  variety  of 
fortanc,  and  was  the  uncle  of  the  Princesses  Mary  and  Anne,  who  seemed 
likely  in  succession  to  inherit  the  crown.  He  was  a  fluent  speaker,  and 
appears  to  have  possessed  some  part  of  his  father's  talents  as  a  writer. 
He  was  deemed  sincere  and  upright,  and  his  private  life  was  not  stained 
by  tttiy  vice,  except  violent  paroxysms  of  anger,  and  an  excessive  indal- 
gence  in  wine,  then  scarcely  deemed  a  fault.  "  His  infirmities,"  says  one 
of  the  most  zealons  adherents  of  his  party,  "  were  passion,  in  which  he 
would  swear  Hke  a  Cntter,  and  the  indulging  himself  in  wine;  but  his  party 
was  that  of  the  Cburcli  of  Eitg;land,  of  whom  he  had  the  honour  for  many 
years  to  lie  accounted  the  head.''*  The  impetuosity  of  his  temper  con- 
curred with  his  opiuions  on  government,  in  prompting  him  to  rigorous 
measures.  He  disdained  the  form.s  and  details  of  business,  and  it  was  his 
maxim  to  prefer  only  Tories,  without  regard  to  their  qualificationB  for 
office.  "  Do  you  not  think,"  said  he  to  Lord  Keeper  Guildford,  "  that  I 
could  understand  any  business  in  a  month  ?"  "  Yes,  my  Lord,"  answered 
the  Lord  Keeper,  "  but  I  believe  you  would  understand  it  better  in  two 
months."  Even  his  personal  defects  and  unreasonable  maxims,  were  calcu- 
lated to  attach  adherents  to  him  as  a  chief,  and  he  was  well  qualified  to  be 
the  leader  of  a  party  ready  to  support  all  the  pretensions  of  any  king  who 
spared  the  Protestant  establishments. 

MABQUIS    OF    HALIFAX. 

Sir  Geoi^  Saville,  created  Marquis  of  Halifax  by  Charles  the  Second, 
claims  the  attention  of  the  historian  rather  by  his  brilliant  genius,  by  the 
singularity  of  his  character,  and  by  the  great  part  which  he  acted  in  (he 
events  which  precetled  and  followed,  than  by  his  political  injportance, 
during  the  short  j)eriod  in  which  he  held  office  under  .Jaraes.  In  his  youth, 
he  appears  to  have  combined  the  opinions  of  a  lepublicanf  with  the  moat 
rehned  talents  of  a  polished  courtier.  The  fragments  of  his  writings  which 
remain,  show  such  poignant  and  easy  wit,  such  lively  sense,  so  much 
insight  into  character,  and  so  delicate  an  observation  of  manners,  as  could 
hardly  have  been  surpassed  by  atiy  of  his  contempomrics  at  Versailles. 
His  political  speculations  being  soon  found  incapable  nf  being  reduced  to 
practice,  melted  away  in  the  sunshine  of  royal  favour.  The  disa[qH>iut- 
meot  of  visionary  hopes  led  him  to  despair  of  great  improvements,  to 
despise  the  moderate  services  which  an  individual  may  render  to  the  com* 
inutiity,  and  to  turn  v^itli  disgust  from  public  principles  to  the  indulgence 
of  his  own  vanity  and  ambition. 

The  dread  of  his  [wwens  of  ridicule  contribute<l  to  force  him  into  office, 
and  the  attractions  of  his  lively  and  somewhat  libertine  conversation,  were 
among  the  means  by  which  lie  maintaiued  his  ground  with  Charles  the 
Seconil,  of  whnui  it  was  said  by  Dryden,  '*  that  whatever  his  favourites  of 
8tate  might  be,  yet  those  of  his  aO'ections  were  men  of  vvit."J  Though  wc 
have  no  remains  of  his  speeches,  we  cannot  doubt  the  eloquence  of  him 
wliOj  DO  the  bill  of  exclusion,  fought  the  battle  of  the  court  against  so  great 


•  North,  p.  230. 

f  "  I  hsTC  loni;  toolced  on  Lord  Halifix,  and  Lord  Essex,  as  meo  who  did  Dot  lor* 
moDBrciiy,  such  as  it  is  in  EngUnd." — Duke  of  York,  letter  to  Lq^e. 
I  Sec  Dedicatioo  to  K.  Artiiur. 


I 

I 
I 


29  Mackintosh's  Historical  Characters, 

an  oretor  as  Shaftesbury.*  Of  these  various  means  of  advancement,  he 
aralled  himself  for  a  time  with  little  scruple  atid  with  some  success.  But 
he  never  obtained  an  importance  which  bore  any  proportiimn  to  hin  great 
abiUties,  a  failure  vrhich  in  the  time  of  Charles  the  Second  may  be  in  part 
ascribed  to  the  remains  of  his  opinions,  but  which  from  its  subsequent 
recmrenoe,  must  be  still  more  imputed  to  the  defects  of  his  character. 
He  had  a  stronger  passion  for  praise  than  power,  and  loved  the  display  of 
talent  more  than  the  possession  of  authority-  The  unbridled  exercise  of 
wit  exposed  him  to  lasting  animosities,  and  threw  a  sliade  of  levity  over 
his  character.  He  was  too  acute  in  discuveriuf^  difficulties,  too  ingenious 
in  devising  objections.  He  had  too  keen  a  perception  of  human  weak- 
ness and  folly,  not  to  find  many  pretexts  and  temptations  for  changing  bis 
measures  and  deserting  his  coiiriectlotiB.  The  subtlety  of  his  genius 
tempted  him  to  projects  too  refined  to  be  understood  or  supported  by 
numerous  bodies  of  men.  His  appetite  for  j)raisc,  when  sated  bv  the 
admiration  of  hia  friends,  was  too  apt  to  seek  a  new  and  more  stimulatiug 
gratification  in  the  applauses  of  Lis  opponents.  His  weaknesses  and  even 
his  talents  contributed  to  betray  him  into  inconstancy  ;  which,  if  not  the 
worst  quality  of  a  statesman,  ts  the  most  fatal  to  his  permanent  imp4:)rtaace. 
For  one  short  period  indeed,  the  circumstances  of  his  situation  suited  the 
peculiarities  of  his  genius.  In  the  last  years  of  Charles,,  his  refined  |x>licy 
found  full  scope  in  the  art  of  balancing  factions, — of  occasionally  leaning  to 
the  vaufjiiishcd,  and  always  tempering  the  triumph  of  the  victorious  party, — 
by  which  that  monarch  then  consulted  the  repose  of  his  declining  years. 
Perhaps  he  satisfied  himself  with  the  rcHection  that  his  compliance  with 
all  the  evil  which  was  then  done,  was  necessary  to  enable  him  to  save  his 
country  from  the  arbitrary  and  bigotted  faction  which  was  eager  to  rule  it. 
We  know,  from  the  evidence  of  the  excelleBtTi]lotson,t  that  J^rd  Halifax 
showed  a  compassionate  concern  for  Lord  Russell,  and  all  the  readiness  to 
save  him  that  could  be  wished ;  and  that  Ixtrd  Russell  desired  TillotsoD  to 
give  thanks  to  Ijord  Halifax  for  his  humanity  and  kindness  :  and  there  is 
some  reason  to  think  that  his  intercession  might  have  been  successful,  if 
the  delicate  honour  of  l^ord  Russell  had  not  refused  to  second  their  exer- 
tions by  softening  his  language  on  the  lawfuhicss  of  resistance- — a  shade 
more  than  scrupulous  sincerity  would  warranty  He  seems  iiinntentioniUly 
to  have  contributed  to  the  death  of  iSJdney,^  by  procuring  a  sort  of  con- 
feaeion  from  Monmouth,  in  order  to  reconcile  him  to  his  father,  and  to 
balance  the  influence  of  the  Duke  of  York,  by  Charles's  paittality  for  hia 
son.  The  compliances  and  retinemeuts  of  that  period  pursued  him  with 
perhaps  too  just  a  retribution  during  the  rcmmnder  of  his  life.     James 

*  "  Jotham  of  piercing  wit,  nnd  prceiiant  thoaghC, 
Endued  by  nature,  and  hy  learning  taught 
To  move  lusemblics,  who  but  only  tried 
The  worse  awhile,  then  cho^e  the  better  side, 

Nor  cho«e  alone,  but  turned  the  balnnre  too." — Abiolom  end  Achitopbel. 
8<w  character  of  Halifai  by  the  continuntor  of  Mnckintii<<h.  p.  51,1. 
t  The  Duchess  of  Portsmouth  «aid  to  l^rd  Mont»^,  "  that,  if  others  had  been  as 
cariiriit  an  my  Lord  Halifojc  with  the  Kini^,  Lord  llu^svU  tnigJil  have  been  saved." — 
Pox'*  MsS. ;  other  allui>ion«  io  the  MSS.  which  I  n»ctibe  to  L<ird  Halifnx,  hUuw  that 
hi*  whole  fault  «iu  a  contiQiuuice  in  office  after  the  failure  of  hia  effurtii  to  save  Lord 
Rnmtll. 

2  VIdi*  Lord  J.  RunnU's  Life  of  Lord  Kusaell,  p.  Slo. 

I  Kit  rvidciiec  of  Mr.  Uanipdcn  and  ^ir  Frauds  Forbes,  in  Lords'  Joumab, 
Sf*  Dec.  !«♦<£>. 


I 


Mackintosh's  Historical  Characters. 


23 


was  imjiatient  to  be  rid  of  him  who  had  checked  his  influcDce  during  the 
last  years  of  his  brother,  and  the  friends  of  Uborty  could  never  place  any 
lasting  trost  in  the  man  who  remained  a  member  of  the  govcrniueut  which 
sent  to  death  Russell  and  Sidney. 

Lord  Godolphin. 

The  part  performed  by  Lord  Godolphin,  was  not  so  considerable  as  to 
require  a  full  account  of  his  character.  He  was  a  gentleman  of  ancient 
family  in  Cornwall,  distinguished  by  the  accomplish  incuts  of  some  of  its 
members,  and  by  their  suffi'rings  in  the  royal  camp  during  the  civil  war. 
He  held  offices  at  court,  before  he  was  employed  in  the  service  of  the 
state,  and  he  always  retained  the  wary  and  conciliating  manners,  as  well 
as  the  profuse  dissipation  of  his  original  school.  Though  a  royalist  and  a 
courtier,  he  voted  for  the  Bill  of  Exclusion.  At  the  accession  of  James 
he  was  not  considered  as  favourable  to  al>solute  dependence  on  France, 
nor  to  the  system  of  governing  without  parliaments.  But  though  a  mem- 
ber of  the  cabinet,  he  was,  during  the  whole  of  this  reign,  rather  a  public 
officer,  who  conlined  himself  to  his  own  department,  than  .t  minister  who 
took  a  part  in  the  direction  of  the  state.*  The  habit  of  continuing  some 
officers  in  place  under  successive  administrations,  for  the  convenience  of 
business,  then  extended  to  higher  persons  than  it  bos  usually  compre- 
hended in  more  recent  times. 

Jeffbbts. 

James  had,  soon  after  his  accession,  introduced  into  the  cabinet  Sir 
Ctcorge  Jeffreys,  Lord  f'hief  Justice  of  England,  a  jierson  whose  office  did 
not  usually  lead  to  that  high  station,  and  whose  elevation  to  unnaual 
honour  and  trust,  is  characteristic  of  the  government  which  be  served. 
His  origin  was  ohsrurc,  his  education  scautVj  bis  Acquirements  no  more 
than  what  his  vigorous  understanding  gathered  in  the  course  of  business, 
his  professional  practice  low,  and  chiefly  obtained  from  the  companions  of 
his  vulgar  excesses,  whom  he  captivated  by  that  gross  buffoonery  which 
accompanied  him  to  the  most  exalted  stations.  But  his  powers  of  mind 
were  extraordinary,  his  elocution  was  flowing  and  spirited  j  and  after 
his  highest  preferment,  in  the  few  instances  when  he  preserved  reason 
and  decency,  the  native  vigour  of  his  intellect  shone  forth  in  his  judgment, 
and  threw  a  transient  dignity  over  the  coarseness  of  his  deportment. 
He  first  attracted  notice  by  turbulence  in  the  petty  contests  of  the  cor- 
poration of  Londosi,  and  having  found  a  way  to  court,  through  some  of 
those  who  ministered  to  the  pleasures  of  the  King,  a.s  w^cU  as  to  the  more 
ignominious  of  his  poHticalintrigues,  he  made  his  value  known,  by  contribut- 
ing to  destroy  the  charter  of  the  Capital  of  which  he  had  been  the  chief  law 
officer.  His  services  as  a  counsel  in  the  trial  of  Russell,  and  as  a  judge 
in  that  of  Sidney,  proved  still  more  acceptable  to  his  masters.  On  the 
former  occasion,  he  caused  a  person  who  had  collected  evidence  for  the 
defence*  to  be  turned  out  of  court,  for  miiking  private  suggestions,  pro- 
bably im[)Ortant  to  tiie  ends  of  justice,  to  Lady  Husscll  while  she  was 
engaged  in  her  affecting  duty.  The  same  brutal  insolence  shewn  in  the 
trial  of  Sidney,  was  perhaps  thought  the  more  worthy  of  reward,  because 
it  was  foiled  by  the  calm  heroism  of  that  great  man.  Tlic  union  of  a 
powerful  understanding  with  boisterous  violence  and  the  basest  subser- 

*  See  Barillnn  au  Roi,  15  Avril,  1685.     Fox'i  Hist.  ap|i.  Iviii. 


I 
I 


IN 


24  Mackintosh's  Historical  Ckaracten.  [Jan. 

viency,  slngidarly  fitted  hini  to  be  the  tool  of  a  t)Tant.  He  wanted  in» 
deed  the  aid  of  hypocrisy,  but  he  was  free  from  its  restraints.  He  had 
that  reputation  for  boldnesn  wbiek  many  men  preserve,  aa  loDg  aa  they 
are  personally  safe,  by  violence  in  their  connsels  and  in  their  language. 
If  he  at  last  feared  danger,  he  never  feared  shame,  which  much  more 
frequently  restrains  the  powerful.  Perhaps  the  luibridled  fury  of  hiiS 
temper  enabled  him  to  threaten  and  intimidate  with  more  effect,  than  a 
man  of  equal  wickedness  with  a  cooler  eharacter.  His  rejigiou,  which 
seems  to  have  consisted  in  hatred  to  noncouformiiitSj  did  not  hinder  him 
from  profanenesfi ;  his  native  fierceness  was  daily  tuHamed  by  debauchery  ; 
bis  excesses  were  too  gross  and  outrageous  for  the  decency  of  historical 
relation,*  and  hia  court  wjis  a  contiimal  scene  of  scurrilons  invective, 
from  which  none  were  exempted  but  his  superiors.  A  conteniporaryf  of 
amiable  diB[)08ition  and  tory  principles,  who  knew  him  well,  sums  up  his 
character  in  a  few  words, — ■"  He  v^'as  by  nature  cruel,  and  a  slave  of  the 
court." 

Character  of  the  Queen. 

Mary  d'Este,  the  consort  of  James,  was  married  at  the  age  of  fifteen, 
and  had  been  educated  in  such  gross  ignorance,  thnt  she  had  never  heard 
of  the  name  of  England,  until  it  was  made  known  to  her  on  occasion  of 
her  marriage.  She  was  trained  to  a  rigorous  observance  of  all  the  prac- 
tices of  her  religion,  which  sank  more  deeply  into  her  heart,  and  more 
constantly  influenced  her  conduct,  than  was  usual  among  Italian  princesses. 
On  her  arrival  in  England,  she  shewed  a  childish  aversion  to  James,  which 
was  cjuickly  converted  into  passionate  fondness.  Dut  neither  her  attach- 
ment nor  her  beauty  could  fix  the  heart  of  that  inconstant  prince,  who 
reconciled  a  warm  zeal  for  his  religion,  v\'itU  an  habitual  indulgence 
in  those  |ileasures  which  it  most  forbids.  Her  life  was  embittered  by  the 
triumph  of  mistresses,  and  by  the  frequency  of  her  own  perilous  and  un- 
fruitful pregnancies.  Her  most  formidable  rival,  at  ihe  period  of  the 
accession,  was  Catharine  Sedley,  a  woman  of  few  personal  attractions, 
who  inherited  the  wit  and  vivacity  of  her  father,  Sir  Charles  Sedley, 
which  she  unsparingly  exercised  on  the  priests  and  opinions  of  her  royal 
lover.  Her  character  was  frank,  her  deportment  bold,  and  her  pleasan- 
tries more  amusing  than  refined.  |  Soon  after  the  accession,  James  was 
persuaded  to  relinquish  his  intercourse  with  her,  and  though  she  retained 
her  lodgings  in  the  palace,  he  did  not  see  her  for  several  months.  The 
connection  was  then  secretly  renewed,  and  in  the  first  fervour  of  a  revived 
passion,  the  Kin*?  oflTered  to  give  her  the  title  of  Countess  of  Dorchester. 
She  dtchiied  this  inndious  distinction,  assuring  him,  that  by  provokiDg 
tbe  anger  of  the  <^ueea  and  of  the  Catholics,  it  would  prove  her  ruin.   He 

•  See  Evelyn'i  DUry,  i.  531.     Rercsby,  231.  and  Roger  North,  p.  250. 
t  ETclyn,  I.  579. 
t  These  defects  were  probably  magiii6ed  in  tbe  verses  of  Lord  Dorset : 

Dorinda's  ip&rklinf;  wit  and  eyea 

Toited  cast  too  fierce  a  light. 
Which  blazes  high,  but  quickly  die«, 

Puds  not  tbe  heart,  bat  hurts  tbe  sif  ht. 

Love  is  a  calmer,  gentler  joy, 

Sioooth  are  hiit  IcMjks,  and  soft  his  pace, 

Her  Cupid  is  a  bUckgiuu-d  boy, 
Tliat  runi  hii  link  full  in  your  face. 


Kr 


r  C-: 


•saTc  rr r :' - '. ": :'Ha ::: 


1835.]  Imperial  Greek  Cohu.  sfs 

faotrerer  insisted,  and  she  yielded,  upon  condition  that,  if  he  was  ever 
again  prevsuled  upon  to  dissolve  their  connection,  he  should  come  to  her 
to  announce  his  determinatioD  in  person.  The  title  produced  the  effects 
which  she  had  foreseen.  Mary,  proud  of  her  beauty,  still  enamoured  of 
her  hnsband,  and  full  of  religions  horror  at  the  vices  of  Mrs.  Sedley,  gave 
way  to  the  most  damoroos  excesses  of  sorrow  and  anger  at  the  promotion 
of  her  competitor.  She.  spoke  to  the  King  with  a  violence  for  which  she 
long  after  reproached  herself  as  a  grievous  fault.  At  one  time  she  said 
to  him,  "  Is  it  possible  that  you  are  ready  to  sacrifice  a  crown  for  your 
faith,  and  cannot  discard  a  mistress  for  it !  will  yon  for  such  a  passion 
lose  the  merit  of  your  sacrifices?"  On  another  occasion  she  exclaimed, 
"  Give  me  my  dowry,  make  her  Queen  of  England,  and  never  let  me  see 
her  more."  Her  transports  of  grief  sometimes  betrayed  her  to  foreign 
ministers,  and  she  neither  ate  nor  spake  with  the  King  at  the  pubuc 
dinners  of  the  court. 


RARE  AND  UNPITBLISHED  COINS  OF  ROMAN  EMPERORS,  CiESARS, 
AND  EMPRESSES,  STRUCK  IN  GREEK  CITIES. 

Lbtteb  I. 

Mr.  Ubban,  Camberwell,  Nov.  10. 

THE  series  of  Imperial  Greek  Coins,  or  coins  of  Roman  Emperors  struck  in 
the  provinces,  has,  until  within  these  few  years  past,  been  strangely  neglected 
by  Englbh  numismatists ;  a  neglect  which  may  be  attributed  to  a  feeling 
similar  to  that  of  the  late  Mr.  Payne  Knight,  whose  enthusiastic  fondness 
for  wbat  he  termed  the  legitimate  remains  of  Greek  art,  led  him  to  exclude 
from  his  cabinet  all  coins  struck  by  Greek  cities  after  they  had  become 
tributary  to  the  Romans.  A  fine  and  matchless  scries  of  the  coins  of  the 
Kings  of  the  Bosphorus  in  electnm,  is  said  to  have  passed  from  this  gentle- 
man's collection  to  that  of  a  northern  Sovereign,  Mr.  Knight  alleging  that 
they  were  not  genuine  Greek  coins,  and  therefore  unworthy  a  place  in  his 
cabinet.  Such  caprice  in  an  unlettered  man,  who  collects  ancient  coins  merely 
for  their  beauty,  and  cares  not  whether  they  illustrate  the  manners  and  cus- 
toms of  the  ancients,  so  that  they  please  the  eye,  would  not  excite  our 
wonder ;  but  that  the  scholar  and  the  man  of  taste  should  adopt  such  no- 
tions, is  strange  and  inexplicable. 

The  series  of  which  the  following  are  hitherto  undescribed  specimens,  is 
particularly  rich  in  historical  information.  The  Imperial  Greek  coins  are  in 
execution,  for  the  most  part,  far  inferior  to  those  struck  at  Rome ;  still 
there  are  many  of  very  elegant  fabric ;  but  the  instruction  to  be  derived  from 
their  endless  variety  of  type  and  legend,  certainly  exceeds  that  of  any  other 
series.  The  names  and  portraits  of  Emperors,  Empresses,  and  Ceesars ;  the 
whole  mythology  of  the  Greeks,  with  the  representation  of  their  deities  in  the 
most  ancient  form — ^the  cone-shaped  stone  and  the  terminus ;  the  names 
and  titles  of  Magistrates;  the  privileges  of  cities,  their  sites,  and  the  various 
games  instituted  by  the  Emperors,  are  all  presented  on  these  remarkable 
monuments  of  the  Roman  power. 

The  following  coins  are  not  mentioned  by  Vaillant,  Eckhel,  or  Mionnct, 
and  arc  therefore  presumed  to  be  unique.  The  descriptions,  as  well  as  the 
drawiogs.  have  been  made  with  the  greatest  attention  to  accuracy  :  the  ohaer- 
tttiont  are  addressed  only  to  those  who  have  not  made  the  science  of  medals 
their  study. 

Gbht.  Mm.  Vol.  III.  E 


mpenal  Greek  Cinn». 


I. 
LUCIUS  VERUS. 

CYZICUS    IN    MY9IA. 

OfrKTW.  AY  .  KAI  .  A  .  AYPHAIOC  .  OYHPOC.  AvTOKparop  Ka'urap  \ov- 
not  Avf/ffkiot  Otfjjpot.  The  Emperor  Ctesar  Lucius  Aurelius  Fens.  Bust  of 
Venu  to  the  right,  bare-headed. —  i?«wffe.  KYZIKHNON  .  NEOKOPflN 
(money)  of  the  people  of  Cyzietu,  Neocori.'    Victory  in  a  btga  to  the  right. 

[in  tfie  cahinei  of  Dr.  J*  Lee.] 

!ThM  degant  coin  U  of  large  brass.  Its  fabric  is  cjuite  equal  to  that  of  the 
bc^  coin*  of  this  Emperor  struck  at  Rome.  We  have  many  fine  autono- 
mamf  coins  of  Cyzkus,  the  execution  of  which  attests  the  state  of  the  arts  ia 
tikia  city,  whose  citadel,  walls,  harbour,  and  marble  towers  are  eulogized  by 
Fkmis.'»  The  inhabitants  of  Cy?.icus  were  deprived  of  their  privileges  by 
Auguataa.  who  was  incensed  against  them  on  account  of  their  neglect  of  the 
ceremonies  in  his  honour,  as  also  for  the   violence  which  they  had  offered 


11. 


BARBIA  ORBIANA. 

ClOS    »N    BITHYNIA. 

Obvene.  r.EEI  .  EPE  .  EAA  .  BAP .  OPBIANA.  Fvija  2«fa  'Epewla  laXkovtr. 
Tia  Bap^ia  "Opffiaim.  Gnta  Seta  HercHiiia  Salluttia  Barbia  Orbiana.  The 
bust  of  the  Empress  to  the  right. 

Reterae.  KIANQN.  (money)  »/  th^  peopi^  nf  Cius.  A  yoxithful  male  fi- 
gure seated  oo  a  rock,  to  the  right,  {In  the  cabinft  ojf  Mr.  Thomas.] 

It  is  only  on  her  Greek  coins  that  we  find  the  long  list  of  names  borne  by 
this  Empress,  who  is  not  mentioned  by  ancient  historians.  Before  the  dis- 
covery of  a  brass  medallion  bearing  the  head  of  Orbiana  and  that  of  her 
husband  Severus  Alexander,  she  was  supposed  to  be  the  wife  of  Trajanus 
Decius. 

The  foundation  of  Cjus  is  attributed  to  various  persons.'  It  was  destroyed 
by  Philip  V.  King  of  Mucedon,  and  rebuilt  by  the  tjrst  Prusius,  who  gave  it 
his  name ;  but  it  subsequently  resumed  its  ancient  one  of  Cius.  A  coin  of 
Domitian  of  this  city,  described  in  the  Mtts.  Tfivvpoli,  bears  the  name  of 
PrutioM,  while  others  nf  the  same  Emperor,  quoted  by  Mionoet,''  have  that 
of  CiuB :  so  that,  in  all  probabilitj',  the  change  took  place  about  this  time. 
The  reverse  of  the  coin  under  notice,  presents  us  with  the  representation  of 
ilylas,  the  youthful  companion  and  favourite  of  Hercules,  who,  landing  with 
the  Argonauts  on  the  coast  of  Asia,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  supply  of 
water,  was  drowned  in  the  river  Ascanius.  Hercules  abandoned  the  Argo- 
nauts to  go  in  search  of  him.  Others  say  tliat  he  was  carried  off  by  the 
nymph  Dryope  who  was  enamoured  of  his  extreme  beauty.  A  coin  of  the 
Empress  Tranquillina  struck  at  Cius  has  the  figure  of  Hylas  with  a  vase  or 
pitcher  in  his  hand.* 

*  K*  this  title  will  not  exactly  admit  of  a  literal  translation,  it  may  be  necea* 
sary  U>  give,  once  for  all.  a  deacription  of  iU  import.  The  word  is  derived  from 
M«r,  for  >Mi,  a  temple,  ajid  n.9ft7*  to  cleanse ;  and  in  its  ori^nal  lense  answered  to 
our  Sacristan;  but,  in  proce.<t8  of  time,  it  bei-Aoie  a  titli:  of  g^reAl  con»niuefice. 
Cities  thus  gtylKil  had  the  pririlcgc  of  erecting  temples  and  celebrating  festivals  in 
honour  of  the  Gods  and  the  Au^usti,  at  which  games  were  introduced,  with  musical, 
poetical,  gymnastic,  equestrian,  and  oaval  canteit«.  At  these  festivals  the  Emperor 
was  soroetimes  present,  when  the  dty  waa,  at  his  command,  proclaimed  neocora,  as  a 
mark  of  especial  favour  and  distinction.  Some  dties  booiitcd  the  repetition  of  this 
honour;  and  thas  we  find  ^IC  NEOKOPHK  and  Tri£  NEOKOPilN.  Epbeaua 
and  Smyrna,  of  which  I  ahaU  have  occasion  to  apeak  on  another  occajsioa,  gloried  in 
the  title  of  iteocora. 

*  D.iil.  c.  5. 

<  Bckhcl.  Doct  Num.  Vet,  ii.  434—437,  and  Sestini's  Lettere,  &c 

*  Vol.  U.  p.  4».'i.  «  Mioanet,  tome  ii.  496. 


1835.]  Imperial  Greek  Corns.  27 

III. 
PLAUTILLA. 

N1COPOLI8   IN  £PiaU8. 

Obvene.  HAAYTIAAA  .  CEBACTH.  PlautiUa  Augutta.  Bust  of  the  Em- 
iness  Plaatilla  to  the  right. 

Aewrw.  lEPAC  .  NEIKOnOAECpC  .  (money)  of  NicopoUs  the  Sacred. 
A  seated  female  figure ;  a  patera  in  her  right  hand,  and  a  comacopia  in 
her  left.  [/n  the  writer'a  cabinet.} 

The  city  of  Nicopoiis  in  Epiros  was  built  by  Augustas  to  commemorate 
his  victory  in  the  celebrated  naval  battle  of  Actium.  He  conferred  upon 
it  the  important  title  of  lEPA  (sacred),  and  instituted  games  (Quinquennalia) 
to  be  held  there  every  fifth  year.  Many  of  the  coins  of  the  Roman  Em- 
perors struck  by  the  people  of  Nicopoiis  bear  this  title,  and  a  large  brass 
of  Plaatilla  quoted  by  Mionnet,'  has  the  additional  one  of  ImiokMe.  Ac- 
cording to  Polybius,'  the  inhabitants  of  the  cities  designated  'Itpd,  were, 
amongst  other  privileges,  exempted  from  military  service. 

IV. 
60RDIANUS  AND  TRANQUILLINA. 

MBSBXBRIA    IN   THBA.CIA. 

a>ver$e.  AYT  .  K  .  M  .  ANT  .  POPAIANOC  .  A/  .  CEB  .  TPA>KYAAIN 
Avmcpantp  Kaurap  Mapicot  ^Avntvivot  TopHuwis  AvyovaT6s.  Zc/Soori}  Tpar- 
nXXcwa.  The  Emperor  Caaar  Marcus  Antomnva  Gordiamu  Augiutua  (and) 
Angmta  IhutquUUna.  The  heads  of  Gordianus  and  Tranquillina  face  to  face, 
the  first  laureated. 

Reverse.  BffECAMBPIANQN  (money)  of  the  people  of  Mesembria.  Two  figures 
in  short  tonics,  standing,  each  holding  aloft  a  shield  on  his  left  arm,  and 
a  short  sword  in  his  right  hand.  [/n  the  cabinet  of  Mr.  Thomas.} 

The  figures  represented  on  the  reverse  of  this  interesting  coin  are  two 
Corybantes,  priests  of  Cybele.  Some  authors  have  supposed  the  Corybantes 
to  be  the  young  men  who  by  loud  noises  drowned  the  cries  of  the  infant 
Japiter,  and  saved  him  from  the  jaws  of  Saturn.  The  frantic  ceremonies  of 
th»e  priests  provoked  the  raillery  of  the  old  poets.  Plautus  speaks  of  "  the 
drumming  priests  of  Cybele,"  and  Juvenal  compares  their  antics  to  those 
of  drunken  men.  The  Corybantes  are  generally  described  as  bearing  nym- 
bils ;  but  the  two  figures  on  this  coin  have  shields  and  swords.  Rasche  ^ 
nfen  to  a  coin  of  Caracalla  struck  at  Magnesia  in  Ionia,  on  which  they  ap- 
pear with  the  same  weapons,  dancing  before  a  divinity  placed  on  an  altar. 
Another  coin  quoted  by  Mionnet'  represents  two  of  these  priests  perform- 
ing their  strange  ceremony,  with  the  infant  Jupiter  seated  between  them. 
A  bas-relief  in  Visconti's  Museo  Pioclementino  also  exhibits  the  dance  of 
the  Corybantes. 

V. 
SEVERUS  ALEXANDER. 

SBLEUCIA    IN    PISIDIA. 

Obeerse  ...M  .  AY  .  CE  .  AAESANAPOC MapKos    Avp^Xtos    leowjpot 

'AXc^ovdpof Marcus  Aurelius  Sevents  Alexander.  Laureated  bust  of  Se- 
vens Alexander,  to  the  right. 

Aeverve.  KAAYAIOCEAEYKEON  (money)  of  the  people  qf  Claudiopolis  and  Se- 
lemda  (in  alliance.)  A  naked  male  figure  to  the  right,  with  a  kind  of 
tiara,  and  the  paludamentum  floating  over  his  shoulders,  bending  a  bow. 
A.  9.  \Cabinet  qf  Dr.  J.  Lee.} 

This  coin   records  the  alliance  between  the  cities   of   Claudiopolis   and 

'  Tome  n.  p.  59.  '  Lib.  4. 

^  LecicoB,  torn,  iii  p.99.  '  Tome  iii.  151. 


eg  NoKMAN  Fkbncb  Pobtky-  [JaB. 

Seleucia.  The  former  was  foanded  by  Ae  Emperor  Claudias ;  the  other  by 
Seleacas  King  of  Syria.* 

VI. 

Obverse.    A  similar  head  and  legend. 

Unene.    KAAYA AEYKEQN.     Hercules  to  the  right;  his  right  hand 

nUinir  aloft  his  club,  his  left  grasping  the  hydra  by  one  of  its  necks.  ^.9. 
""^^  [/«  the  BritUh  3f«jeioa.] 

The  earliest  coins  of  this  city,  quoted  by  Mionnet  from  Vaillant,  are  of  Gor- 
dianus  the  Third.    They  are  aU  of  great  rarity. 

Yours,  8cc.  J.  Y.  Akskmak. 


ON  NORMAN  FRENCH  POETRY.* 

M  Fbancisqus  Michel,  who  is  already  so  well  known  by  his  elegant  and 
Judicious  editions  of  the  old  Norman  French  romances  and  other  poetry,  and 
who  is  at  present  pursuing  his  researches  amongst  our  English  libraries,  by 
direction  of  the  French  Government,  has  just  given  to  the  world  two  most 
valuable  additions  to  the  results  of  his  former  labours. 

The  first  of  the  books  to  which  we  allude,  the  beautiful  romance  of  La  Vio- 
lette  written  in  about  1 225  by  Gibert  de  Montreuil,  is  interesting  to  Englishmen, 
asbe'inE  the  grand  representative  of  that  series  of  romances  and  tales  which  con- 
tained the  story  that  afterwards  entered  into  the  plot  of  Shakespeare's  Cym- 
belinc.    Once  there  was  in  France,  as  the  roman  tells  us,  a  good  king  called 

Louis — 

"  II  ot  en  Francbe  .j.  roi  jadis  "  There  was  formerly  a  king  in  France, 

Qui  molt  fu  bials,  preus  et  hardis,  Who  wms  handsome,  worthy,  and  bold, 

Jouenes  hom  fi»  et  entendans,  He  was  a  young  man,  and  intelligent, 

Hardis  as  annet  et  aidans ;  Bold  in  arms,  and  willing  to  assist  others ; 

Molt  honora  les  chevaliers  ;  He  honoured  much  knights ; 

Des  sages  fist  ses  consiUiem,  He  made  wise  men  his  councellors, 

Consel  cr<';i,  consel  ama.  He  trusted  counsel,  he  esteemed  counsel ; 

Aioc  consel  ne  mesaesma ;  He  never  dispised  counsel ; 

Bien  estoit  ensaignies  et  sages,  He  was  well-instructed  and  wise, 

Et  molt  estoit  boios  ses  usages.  And  his  usages  were  very  good. 

Dames,  pucieles  tenoit  chi«^res,  He  esteemed  ladies  and  maidens, 

Souvent  lor  fesoit  bieles  chi&res.  Often  he  held  for  them  splendid  festivals. 

Molt  f u  preus  et  de  grant  renon :  He  was  a  worthy  man ,  and  of  great  renown ; 

Lo^ys  ot  li  rois  k,  non."     (v.  67.)  Louis  was  this  king's  name." 

This  was  Louis  the  Eighth,  the  father  of  St.  Louis:  to  one  of  his  festivals  we 
are  introduced  at  the  begmning  of  the  poem,  and  the  amusements  of  the  court 
are  described  at  some  length.  Among  the  most  distinguished  of  the  courtiers 
who  were  present  at  this  entertainment,  was  Gerard  of  Nevers,  the  hero  of  the 
story,  who  boasted  that  his  love,  the  fair  Euriaus,  was  the  most  beautiful  and 
most  faithful  lady  between  Metz  and  Pontoise.   Now  there  chanced  to  be  there 

k  Vaillant'a  Num.  Grseca,  p.  22B. 

•  Roman  d«  la  Violette,  ou  de  G^'rerd  de  Nevers,  en  vers  du  xiij«  si^cle,  par  Gibert 
M  JlpatWttil,  puWM  pour  U  premiere  fois,  d'apr^s  deux  manuscrita  de  la  Bibliothiqne 
IfOfa)**  P*J,™"*«l«f  Michel.    A  Paris,  ches  SUvestre.  1834. 

I^man  d  Koatache  le  Moine,  pirate  fameux  dn  xiii«  si^le,  public  pour  la  premiere 

.^JJ2Sr'liMlrf!.S"*?  ''*'  '^^""'^•-  ^  ^''  d'Angleterre  et  le  Jongleur  d'Ely. 
f^feSta  LlSSuuJ  ^t*^T  r""**""*''  '•"°  ^'^  '•  Bibliotheque  Royale,  lauJe 
|i|l«l*»iWw»»*««l««»'     A  l»«ri«.chriSilve«tre.  1834. 

^fSSTJl^T^iSln^'^T^K^''  '^"H''*  Anglo-Normande  et  Ecossoises  relatives 
f'KlJ^SKlC^^^^  Public  avecuncintioducUon 

it^Sw  '^wvl^.jMP  Michel.     p«ri«,  cbci  Silvcbtre.     Loudres,  che*  Pick- 


•  cxmrtier  named  Lieiart.  who  was  coant  and  lord  of  Forez,  a  e-mM  province  near 
LyoQs,  a  bad  and  malicious  man,  who,  envious  of  the  happiness  of  Gerard, 
declared  publicly  before  the  King  in  his  court  that  thu  lady  Euriaus  was  not 
5uch  as  she  had  been  represented,  and  offered  to  wager  all  his  estates  against  those 
ofthe  count  of  Xevers,  that  within  eight  days  he  would  bring  sufficient  proofs  of 
having  gained  her  favours.  The  wager  was  accepted ;  Lisiart  immediately 
went  to  Nevers,  taking  with  him  an  escort  of  ten  knights,  and  was  hospitably 
received  by  the  lady-  The  Count  of  Forez  foumi  all  his  endeavours  to  over- 
throw the  constancy  of  Euriaus  vain,  and  was  on  the  point  of  losing  his  wager, 
when  an  old  woman,  ugly  and  malevolent,  who  was  the  mistress  or  "  dueoa" 
of  Euriaus,  observed  him  as  he  sat  pensively  at  the  table,  and  ever  seeking 
opportunities  of  exercising  her  malicious  disposition,  inquired  the  cause  of 
his  madness,  and  immediately  offered  her  service  in  accomplishing  the  object  of 
his  visit. 

The  lady  Enriaus,  it  appears,  had  on  her  right  breast  the  figure  of  a  rinlet,  a 
mark  only  known  to  herself  and  her  lover  Gerard,  and  which  she  had  [immised 
to  keep  secret  from  everyone  else.  This  markCnindree,  the  mistress  of  Euriaus, 
discovered  while  the  lady  was  in  her  bath,  and  immediately  she  brought  Lisiart 
privately  to  the  door  of  the  room  where  she  wna  bathing,  and  showed  him, 
through  a  hole  which  she  had  previously  made  for  this  purpose,  the  lady  and 
the  mark  on  her  breast.  The  count,  having  taken  leave  of  Gondree,  to  whom  he 
promised  great  honour  and  reward,  left  Nevers  with  his  company,  and  rode 
after  the  court,  which  liu  found  at  Mclun.  He  immediately  appeared  before 
the  King,  and  declared  that  he  had  gained  his  wager,  stating  before  Gerard  and 
Euriaus,  who  had  been  brought  to  court,  in  proof  of  his  success,  that,  when 
with  the  lady,  he  had  seen  the  violet  on  her  left  breast,  and  that  he  had  learnt 
from  her  that  Gerard  had  said,  if  any  one  but  himseif  ever  knew  of  this  mark, 
he  should  consider  it  a  proof  of  her  infidelity. 

Gerard,  convinced  of  the  unfaithfulness  of  his  mistress,  carried  her  to  a 
distant  forest,  where  tiiey  dismounted,  and  he,  placing  her  upon  her  knees 
on  the  ground,  was  on  the  point  of  cutting  off  her  head  with  his  sword,  when 
»he  Miw  at  no  great  distance  a  terrible  serpent  approaching,  breathing  flames 
from  it*  mouth  and  nostrils.  She  exclaimed,  in  terror,  "  Sir,  mercy!  fly  hence 
for  the  love  of  God,  for  I  see  a  iiend  approaching,  and,  unless  you  take  care, 
you  will  certainly  be  killed," 

"  EuriauH  dist  :  '  Sire,  merrhi  1 

Pour  Diu,  fiUL-a-Tonj-ent  de  chi, 

Que  je  voi  venir  .j.  dyahlc; 

V^rit^  est,  n'oat  mie  fiible. 

Mors  este«,  »e  ne  vos  gardt!fi.'  '*     {v.  10.18.) 

G<^ru'd  attacked,  and,  after  a  severe  conflict,  slew  the  serpent;  but,  softened 
down  by  this  proof  of  the  affection  of  his  mistress,  who  had  shown  so  much 
anxiety  for  his  safety  even  when  death  was  before  her  eyes,  Le  no  longer 
perflated  in  his  design  of  killing  her,  but  left  her  alone  in  the  forest,  where 
(»he  in  her  grief  tore  her  face  and  her  garments  with  her  hands,  and  he 
jode  away  scarcely  knowing  where  he  would  go.  While  she  lay  more  dead 
than  alive,  not  far  from  the  body  of  the  Hcrpt-nt,  it  happened  that  the  Due  de 
MiH  (Metz)  passed  by,  with  about  twenty  of  his  knights.  The  duke  became 
eoamoared  ofthe  lady,  and  carried  her  to  his  castle,  intending  to  make  her  his 
wife,  in  spite  of  all  her  intreaties  to  the  contrary. 

Meanwhile,  Gerard  resolved  to  go  to  Nevers,  to  witness  the  change  which 
had  tnken  place  in  his  affaire,  and,  in  the  disguise  of  a  jogelour,  with  his  viol 
hung  abdut  his  neck,  he  introduced  himself  into  the  hall  where  Lrsiart  was 
xated  at  table  with  the  treacherous  Gondrt-'e,  and  he  began  to  sinp  before  them 
A  stanza  of  the  roman  of  Guillaump  le  Marchh  au  cort  nes.*  While  Gerard 
w«s  here,  he  overheard  a  conversation  between  Lisiart  and  Goadn'e,  which 
discovered  to  him  at  once  the  stratagem  that  had  been  employed  against  him. 


I 
I 

ice 


I 


I 


A  poem  which  is  still  preserved. 


30 


Norman  Frbnch  Poetry. 


[Jao. 


k 


&nd  con^'inced  him  of  the  mnoccncc  of  his  mistress.  Gerard  itnmeiiiately  left 
the  hall,  threw  ofT  bis  disguiae,  mounted  his  horse,  and  rode  in  scorch  of 
the  lovely  and  injured  Euriaua. 

A  large  portion  of  the  poeio  is.  as  in  most  of  the  old  romaoces,  devoted  to  a 
detailed  account  of  the  adventures  of  the  Count  Gdrard,  and  his  deeds  of  chi- 
valry, during  his  long  search  after  his  mistress. 

In  the  mean  time  Curiaus  remained  at  Mi^s.  The  duke  had  been  prevailed 
upon  to  relinquish  his  intention  of  marrying  her,  and  she  was  in  her  chamber 
thinkiag  of  Ge'rard  and  her  coantry,  when  a  varlet  brought  her  a  lark  which  he 
had  caught,  and  which  it  now  became  her  amusement  to  feed.  One  day  the 
Jark  took  in  its  beak  a  valuable  ring  which  had  been  given  her  by  her  Jover, 
"which  by  some  accident  ptissed  over  its  head  and  round  itr>  neck,  and  (lew  away 
never  to  return.  Whilst  Kuriaus  lay  in  her  chamber,  almost  dead  with  grief 
for  the  loss  of  her  ring,  there  entered  a  bod  and  oncourteoua  kuiglit,  called 
Meliatir,  who  attemipted  to  offer  violence  to  her,  but  she  struggled,  and  escaped 
into  the  hall,  where  she  met  V'smainc,  the  sister  of  the  duke,  with  whom  she 
was  accustomed  to  sleep.  In  the  night,  the  traitor  who  had  attempted  her 
honour,  entered  tlie  chamber  where  the  two  ladies  were  sleeping,  struck  his 
dagger  to  the  heart  of  Ysmaine,  and  then  placed  it  in  the  hand  of  Euriaus. 
In  the  morning  Euriaus  was  accased  of  the  murder,  and  judgment  was  only 
delayed  until  the  duke's  uncle,  the  duke  of  Bar-le-Duc,  a  wise  and  eloquent 
man,  should  arrive  to  give  his  counsel  on  the  occasion. 

Gerard,  at  Cologne,  had  fallen  in  love  with  Aiglente,  the  daughter  of  the 
Duke  Milo,  and  ceased  to  think  of  Euriaus.  One  day,  as  he  was  hawking,  his 
hawk  pounced  upon  a  lark,  which  pros'ed  to  be  the  same  bird  that  had  carried 
away  the  ring.  Gerard  knew  the  ring,  thought  of  his  former  mistress,  and, 
though  the  parting  was  difficult,  left  his  new  love  to  go  iu  search  of  her.  And 
he  wandered  about,  sometimes  singing  songs  of  faithful  love,  at  others  rescuing 
ladies  from  danger,  and  performing  many  chivalrous  feats,  tilt  at  last  he  came 
near  to  Mids.  Here  he  fell  into  company  with  some  knights,  who  told  him 
they  wore  going  to  sec  the  execution  of  a  beautiful  lady,  who  had  been  fuund 
in  a  wood,  and  who  had  since  been  guilty'  of  a  cruel  murder.  The  count  immc- 
diately  conjectured  that  this  fair  lady  must  be  no  other  than  his  Euriaus,  whom 
he  had  so  long  sought  in  vain.  When  he  arrived  at  Mies,  he  found  her  on  her 
knees  in  prayer,  beside  the  fire  tn  which  she  was  immediately  to  be  burnt,  and 
he  demanded  that  the  judgment  should  bercconsidej-ed.  The  cause  of  Euriaus 
was,  accordingly,  pleaded  again,  and  it  was  finally  submitted  to  a  trial  in  single 
combat  between  Gerard  and  the  false  but  courageous  Meliatir,  who  was  over- 
come, and  compelled  to  confess  his  own  guilt.  We  will  not  attempt  to  describe 
the  joy  of  G<;rard  de  Nevers,  when  he  had  thus  found  and  recovered  his  love, 
and  it  is  almost  needless  to  add,  that  he  imnie<tiatelj'  accused  Li$>iart  before  the 
king,  that  he  challenged  and  overcame  him  in  combat,  that  the  latter  confesiied 
his  evil  deeds,  and  that  Gerard  recovered  his  lands,  that  Gondree  was  boiled 
LQ  a  chaldron,  and  that  Gerard  and  Euriaus  were  immediately  married. 


'^  Li  rois  et  11  baron  plaa  haut 

Parent  u  uueches,  ki  duri^rent 

.VUj.  jors  que  onqucs  nc  fin^^ent ; 

Plua  pU'ni4>rFa  ne  rit  mail  nus. 

Ains  menestrcuR  n'i  fu  venua 

A  pid.  c'k  chev&l  n'rn  nlut, 

Et  reube  vaire  D'carooUnt 

£a  sac  oa  en  b<i||i;e  oa  en  oude. 

N«a  n'i  o1  parolle  male, 

Miia  joie  et  tolas  et  diyuit 

Et  sons  et  notes  rt  conduit 

I  fnretit  cant^  maintes  foia ; 

N'i  furrnt  pas  mis  en  d^fota 

Lea  carolea,  lea  npringalea. 

OnqoM  It  roia  Artua  en  Gales 

A  FMileootwte  a'a  Nod 

Ne  tint  onqvea  li ricbe  ostcL "  (r.  tiy,ii.) 


"  The  kinc  and  (be  chief  barons 

Were  at  the  ouptialK,  which  lasted 

Eight  days  without  interruption  ; 

No  one  ever  »8w  any  better  attended. 

There  was  not  a  miiaiitre)  who  came  there 

On  Tuut,  but  departed  on  horse,         [robe 

Or  who  dill  not  carry  with  him  a  variegated 

In  sack,  or  in  budget,  or  in  box. 

No  one  heard  there  ill  speech. 

But  joy  and  fladnesa  and  pleacure 

And  aonga  and  notes  and  chants 

Werr  there  snni;  many  timet ; 

Nor  were  forbiddrn  there 

Carols  and  espringales. 

Never  did  King  Arthur  in  Wales 

At  Prntecott  or  at  t'hristmaii 

Hold  so  rich  a  bouse." 


1835.]  Rcmance  of  Eustace  the  Monk,  31 

We  cannot  give  too  much  praise  to  M.  Michel  for  the  care  and  skill  with 
which  he  has  edited  this  elegant  romance  from  the  two  remaining  manuscripts. 
In  the  iDtrod'Jctory  notice  he  has  given  a  detailed  account  oT  all  the  forma 
under  which  the  story  haa  appeared  ;  and  his  notes,  equally  learned,  are  inva- 
luable to  all  those  who  would  be  acquainted  with  the  langniage  of  the  Norman 
ininttrela.  The  volume,  of  which  only  two  hundred  copies  have  been  printed,* 
is  a  beautiful  specimen  of  typography,  and  is  splendidly  adorned  with  seven 
^  admirable  fac-similes  of  the  illumiaationa  of  the  proae  Roman  de  la  Violette. 
beside*  coloured  fac-similes  of  the  two  MSS.  of  the  poem. 

TTj*  other  of  the  two  books  to  which  we  have  alluded,  which  is  still  more 

I  valuable  and  interesting  to  Englishmen,  is  the  roman  of  Eustace  the  Monk.    In 

our  chronicles,  Eustace  figures  only  aa  a  partisan  of  the  English  barons  against 

John,   as  having  brought  a  powerful  fleet  to  their  aid,  and  as  having  been 

defeated  and  slain  on  the  sea,  iu  his  attempt  at  a  descent  upon  England,  but 

firom  the  manner  in  which  he  is  mentioned,  it  is  evident  that  his  name  and 

1  atorr  roust  have  been  well  known  at  the  time.     Our  roman,  a  name,  by  the 

which  does  not  in  the  least  preclude  the  supposition  of  the  history  being 

fives  us  the  whole  life  of  this  extraordinary  man,  and  it  is  full  of  humorous 

itores  and  daring  acts.    In  a  long  and  very  interesting  introductory  notice, 

M.  Michel  has  collected  together  every  thing  that  is  known  of  Eustace,  and  he 

Ihasabo  printed  several  documents  concerning  him  and  his  English  possessions, 

which  have  been  discovered  among  the  close  letters  and  the  patent  rolls  in  the 

I  Tower  of  London. 

The  roman  of  Eustache  le  Moine  consists  of  230G  lines.  It  tells  us  that, 
before  he  became  a  black  monk,  he  had  studied  magic  at  Toledo  in  S{miD,  at 
|lhat  period  the  chief  school  of  this  art,  and  that  bis  instructor  was  the  evil 
one  him«etf. 


•*  II  »voit  k  Toulete  est^ 
Tnut  .j,  irier  et  un  e»t^ 
Aval  tone  terre  en  .j.  abisme, 
Oh  pArloit  an  rnnlfif  m^isme, 
Qui  U  apriat  I'r-nehieti  et  Tart 
Qui  tout  le  niont  decboit  et  art. 
II  aprist  mil  conjoremcng, 
Mil  earaodea,  mil  espircments  ; 


n  Mt  en  I'esp^  garder, 
Et  U  uatier  faire  tomer, 
El  par  I'espvule  an  mouton 
Faiauit  pertcs  rcndre  tk  fui^on." 

(r.  11.) 

When  he  left  Toledo  for  his  native  land,  the  devil  told  him  the  outline  of  his 
fntore  life  : — 


"  He  had  been  at  Toledo 

A  whole  winter  and  a  summer, 

Belo<r,  under  the  earth,  in  a  pit, 

Where  he  talked  with  the  evil  one  himself, 

Who  taught  him  the  cunning  and  the  art 

Whirh  tore  and  burnt  the  whole  world. 

ile  kamt  a  thousand  conjurationj, 

A  thonsand  charms,  a  thousand  ejperi- 

ments  ; 
He  knew  how  to  look  in  the  aword, 
And  to  cause  tlie  psalter  to  torn, 
And  by  the  shoulder  of  mutton 
He  caused  losses  to  be  recovered  in  abun- 
dance. 


"  Quant  Wistase  ot  aasda  aprisi 
Att  dyable  congii'  a  pris. 
Li  dyablcB  dL^t  k'il  vivroit 
Taat  que  mal  fait  aast's  aroit, 
Boil  etcoatei  goerrieroit, 

Et  en  la  mcr  occia  seroit."    (r.  33.) 


"  When  Eustace  had  leamt  enough 

He  took  leave  of  the  devil. 

The  devil  said  that  he  would  live 

Til]  he  had  done  enough  mischief, 

That  he  would  make  war  upon  kings  and 

courts, 
And  that  he  would  be  killed  on  the  sea." 


Hi*  first  exploit  was,  to  take  a  most  ludicrous  vengeance,  by  means  of  his 
BMgjic  art,  upon  the  people  of  Moutferraut.  On  the  road  from  this  place  an- 
other opportunity  occurred  for  the  exercise  of  Eustace's  art,  on  the  person  of  a 


•  The  Preach  pablications  of  the  old  Norman  literature  arc  generally  confined  to  Bmnll 
Bumbers.  and  bave  not  been  adTcrtiticd,  so  that  it  has  been  ini|)0:ssible  to  obtain  copies 
of  them  through  the  L«)ndan  booksellers.  We  are,  thtTcforc,  rejoiced  to  b-arn  that 
Rckcriog  haa  lately  mode  arrangements  with  tho«c  of  the  Krench  booksellers  who 
pablisb  tfa«m,  and  that  in  future  there  will  be  no  difficulty  in  procuring  all  of  them 
enough  him. 


33  NoBMAN  Fbbncb  Poetrt.  [Jan. 

waggoner,  who  provoked  him  by  his    boorish  behaviour.     At  St.  Saomo' 
Eustace  became  a  monk — 

"  Illuec  fist  mainte  dyablie  "  There  he  performed  much  dcvih7, 

Ains  k'il  issist  de  s'abb^ie.  Before  he  left  the  abbey. 

II  faisoit  lea  tnoignes  juner  He  caused  the  monks  to  fast 

Quant  se  devoient  desjuner  ;  When  they  ought  to  have  broken  fkst ; 

II  les  faisoit  aler  nus  pi^s  He  made  them  go  barefoot 

Quant  devoient  estre  cauchi^.  When  they  ought  to  have  gone  with  fleet 

covered. 

Wistaces  lor  faisoit  mesdire  Eustace  made  them  say  wrong 

Quant  devoient  lor  eures  dire.  When  they  ought  to  say  their  serrice. 

Wistaces  lor  faisoit  mesprendre  Eustace  made  them  mistake 

Quant  devoient  lor  grasces  rendre."  When  they  ought  to  give  thanks." 
(r.  223.) 

After  the  quarrel  between  Eustace  and  the  Count  of  Boulogne  (which  origi- 
nated in  the  death  of  the  father  of  Eustace,  Bauduins  Busk^s,  by  the  hand  of 
Hainfrois  de  Heresinguehans),  the  former  became  what  M.  Michel  very  justly 
calls  "a  kind  of  Boulonois  Robin  Hood,"  and  the  stories,  often  exceedingly 
droll,  of  his  encounters  with,  and  escapes  from,  the  Count,  occupy  the  greater 
part  of  the  poem.     We  will  give  one  as  a  specimen. 

One  day  a  spy  informed  the  Count  that  Eustace  was  in  the  forest.  Hie 
Count,  with  his  retainers,  followed  the  spy  on  foot,  and  lay  in  ambush  in  a 
ditch.  One  of  Eustace's  spies,  however,  had  seen  them,  and  immediately 
carried  information  of  their  movements  to  his  master.  Eustace  went  to  a  col- 
lier who  was  carrying  charcoal  upon  an  ass,  blackened  his  own  face,  neck,  and 
hands  with  the  coal,  put  on  the  collier's  frock  and  black  cap,  giving  his  own 
in  exchange,  and  set  out  for  Boulogne  with  his  ass  and  burden.  When  he  passed 
by  the  spot  where  the  Count  lay  concealed,  the  latter  took  no  notice  of  him, 
but  Eustace  cried  out,  "  My  Lord,  what  are  you  doing  there  ?"  "  What  con- 
cern  is  it  of  yours.  Sir  villain  ?"  was  the  reply.  "  By  St.  Omer,"  said  Eustace, 
''  I  will  go  and  tell  it  to  the  Count,  how  the  men  of  EusUce  the  Monk  are  always 
injuring  and  insulting  us.  I  dare  not  bring  out  my  beast  to  carry  my  charcoal 
to  sell,  but  Eustace  most  rob  me  of  it.  Meanwhile  he  is  sitting  at  his  ease  by 
a  good  fire,  for  he  has  burnt  all  my  charcoal,  which  has  cost  me  so  much  labour 
to  make."  "  Is  he  near  this  place  ?"  asked  the  Count.  "  He  is  close  by.  Go 
straight  along  this  path,  if  you  wish  to  speak  with  him."  Eustace  goaded  his 
beast  onwards,  and  the  Count  and  his  people  entered  the  forest,  where  they 
found  the  collier,  drest  in  the  garments  of  the  monk.  They  insulted  and  beat 
him  much,  for  they  thought,  sure  enough,  it  was  Eustace  they  had  caught  at 
last,  till  he  cried  out,  "  For  the  love  of  God,  my  Lord,  mercy  !  Why  do  you 
beat  me  so  ?  You  may  take  my  coat,  if  you  will,  for  it  is  all  the  property  1 
have.  It  is  the  coat  of  Eustace  the  Monk,  who  has  gone  with  my  ass  and  char- 
coal towards  Boulogne,  his  hands,  face,  and  neck  blackened,  and  my  cap  on  his 
head.  He  took  my  frock,  and  left  me  this  coat  of  silk."  The  Count,  in  a  rage, 
hurried  on  in  pursuit  of  Eustace,  who,  in  the  meanwhile,  had  washed  his  face, 
and,  meeting  with  a  potter,  had  exchanged  his  ass  and  charcoals  for  pots  and 
jugs,  and  his  collier's  garments  for  those  of  the  potter.  Eustace  was  marching 
along,  and  crying  lustily,  "Pots!  pots!"  when  the  Count  and  his  men  sud- 
denly issued  from  a  thicket,  and  asked  him  if  he  had  seen  a  collier  riding  along 
that  way.  "  Sir,"  said  Eustace,  "  he  is  gone  straight  to  Boulogne,  with  an  ass 
laden  with  charcoal."  The  Count  and  his  party  put  spurs  to  their  horses,  and 
overtook  the  collier,  whom  they  immediately  began  to  beat  and  insult,  and, 
tying  his  feet  and  hands,  they  mounted  him  upon  a  horse,  with  his  face  towards 
the  tail.  The  man  began  to'  roar  and  shout.  "  My  Lord,"  said  he,  "  I  pray 
you,  for  God's  sake,  have  mercy  upon  me!  Why  have  you  taken  me?  If  I 
have  done  any  thing  wrong,  I  will  willingly  make  amends."  "Aha!  Aha! 
you  vagabond  I"  said  the  Count,  "  you  think  to  escape.  In  due  time  I'll  have 
you  hanged,  safely  enough."  A  knight,  however,  who  had  often  seen  the  potter, 
and  chanced  now  to  look  at  him  and  recognise  him,  said,  "  What  devil  has  made 
thee  a  collier  ?  Thou  wast  formerly  a  potter.  No  man  will  ever  thrive  that  has 
4 


1835.] 


Eustace  the  Monk 


33 


iny  trades."  Then  the  potter  told  how  he  hnd  exchanged  his  ware  with  a 
tr,  bad  lock  to  him  !  tind  how  the  latter  weat  towards  the  wood,  crying, 
••  Pots  !  pots  !"  "  Haloo  !"  cried  the  Count,  "(juick  to  the  wood,  hunt  it  well, 
aad  bring  me  every  one  you  find  there."  And  so  they  liberated  the  collier,  and 
again  entered  the  forest.  Eustace,  however,  had  thrown  away  his  pota  in  a 
nuush,  and  hod  concealed  himself  in  the  oest  of  a  kite. 


**  Wistaices  U  eMerrel^ 
lUoecqiiea  se  fiit  loiusigiiol. 
Ifim  tenoit  1g  conte  per  fol. 
Qnaot  voit  le  conte  tre8pa«»er 
Wutasccs  eouimeache  j\  crier  : 

*  Ochi  !  ochi )  ochi  1  oohi  V 
El  li  qneas  Reiuitu  res{ioDdi : 

*  Je  Tocirai,  par  aaint  Richier  ! 
Se  le  pail  as  maiiu  bailiier,' 

*  Pier !  fier  !'  difet  Wi«taBces  U  moigne. 

*  Par  foi !'  dist  11  qnens  de  Booloigpae, 
'  Si  ferai-jou,  je  le  feral, 

3k  en  eel  lia  ne  le  tenrai.' 

Wiataaces  r'est  uiar^a, 

St  M  r'est  .ij.  mos  e8cri<?8  * 

« Non  I'ot !  si  ot  I  uoa  I'ot  t  si  ot !' 

Qaant  11  quens  de  Bouloignc  I'ot : 

*  Certea  il  ot,'  che  dint  li  qucas  ; 

*  Tola  m'a  tooa  mes  cbevals  baena/ 
Wntaaeea  s'eacria :  '  Uoi  I  hui  r 


"  Eustace  the  madman 
There  made  himself  a  nigbdngale. 
He  held  the  count  fur  a  inero  fool. 
When  he  saw  tlie  count  paasing 
EoHtace  begins  to  cry, 
'  Ochi  I  ochi  I  ochi !  ochi  t'  (kill) 
And  t!ie  Count  Renaus  answered, 
'  I  will  kiU  liim,  by  St.  Ricliier  t 
If  I  can  lay  my  bandji  on  him. ' 
'  Fier  I    fier  1'    (strike)  said  Eustace  the 
monk,  [lotgne, 

*  By  my  faitb  t'  «aid  the   Count  of  Boa- 

*  So  I  will  do,  1  will  strike  him, 
Kever  in  this  place  will  I  preserve  him." 
Eustace  feels  a^ain  .tecure, 

Then  again  has  uttered  two  wards, 

'  Non  I'ot  I  si  ot  1  &c.  (lie  has  not !  he 

has!) 
When  the  Count  of  Bouloie^e  heard  him, 
'  Truly  he  has.'  said  the  Count ; 
'  He  has  taken  all  my  good  horses.* 
Eustace  cried  ;    '  Hui  1    hui!'    ( to-day  ! 

to-day  1)  [be  to-day, 

'  You  say  right,'  said  the  Count ;  '  it  will 
That  I  will  kill  him  with  my  hands 
If  i  can  lay  bold  of  him  with  nky  bandji.^ 
Said  the  Count,  MIe  is  no  foul 
Who  trusts  the  ci>unsel  of  a  nightingale. 
The  oightingale  has  taught  me  well 
To  take  vengeance  on  my  enemies, 
For  the  nightingale  cries  to  me 
That  I  must  strike  him  aad  kill  Mm.'  " 


'  Tu  dis  bien,'  dist  li  quens  ;  '  c'ert  hui 

Que  je  I'ocirai  a  mes  mains 

Se  je  le  puis  teoir  as  mains.' 

Dut  li  quens  :  '  II  a'est  mie  fol 

Ki  crott  conseil  de  loussignoL 

td  fcrani^os  m'a  bien  apris 

A  TRigier  de  mes  anerais, 

Car  li  loossignos  si  m'escrie 

Que  je  le  fi^re  et  que  Tochie.'  " 

(r.  1142.) 

TlMfk  the  Count  hunted  eagerly  the  monk  Eustace.  First  were  caught  four 
■tonka,  who  were  immediately  put  in  prison.  After  them  were  sent  to  prison 
foar  pedlars  and  a  pig  ;  next,  three  men  who  carried  fowls  to  sell,  and  two  mca 
who  drove  asses ;  then,  aix  fishermen  and  their  Hahea  ;  and  alter  them  four 
clerks  and  an  arch-priest :  so  that  by  the  end  of  the  day  there  had  been  ar- 
rested more  than  forty  persons,  who  were  all  taken  for  cxamioation  before  the 
Count.  Eustace,  in  the  mean  time,  entered  the  town  in  the  disguise  of  a  wo- 
taan,  and  succeeded  in  carrying  away  one  of  the  Count'a  horaes.  and  in  pub- 
iiahiogthe  news  that  he  had  not  himself  been  taken. 

Eoatace  afterwards  came  to  England,  and  was  well  received  by  Ring  John, 
who  gave  him  thirty  galleys,  with  which  he  performed  as  many  strange  actions 
oa  tbe8«a  as  he  had  previously  dune  on  land.  The  King  also  gave  him  lands 
in  En^aod,  and  a  palace  in  London  ;  but  he  subsequently  joined  the  party  of 
the  Barons,  and  thus  meriteil,  by  his  iniidclity,  the  name  of  traitor,  which  is 
given  him  in  the  chronicles.  The  sea-fight  in  which  he  was  killed  is  de- 
Klibcd  briefly  in  the  poem ;  but  more  details  are  given  in  the  passages  from  the 
chronicles,  which  are  all  ptintcd  at  the  end  of  M.  Michel's  introduction. 

M.  Michel  has  also  commenced,  under  the  title  of"  DesVilains,"  a  series  of 
poblicatioas  of  ancient  tracts,  in  prose  and  verse,  illustrative  of  the  condition  and 
naonerB  of  the  lower  orders  of  the  [leople  in  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  eenlu- 
rirs.  The  first  numlicr  containa  a  prose  tract.  "  Des  xxiii  Mani^res  de 
Mlains,"  of  the  twenty-three  kinds  of  vilains,  ending  with  a  metrical  prayer 
that  all  evils  and  misfortunes  may  fall  upon  them,  for  their  want  of  courtesy. 
iitST.  Mao.  Vol.  HI.  F 


I 


I 


i 


The  Recorw  Commtssion — No-  V. 


[Jair. 


fbe  second,  edited  by  M.  Monmcntue,  a.  distinguislicd  rdlow-laboun^r  in  the 
ic  inine,  cuatains  a  poem  entitled  "  Dc  I'Oustillement  au  VillaiD,"  of  the 
llousehold  of  a  vilaio.  which  describes  very  minutely  his  g(»od3  and  chattels  and 
(tools.  The  third  aunxber,  which  has  recently  appeared,  was  edited  by  M. 
Michel,  and  coataina  a  satirical  treatise  in  prose,  entitled,  "La  Riote  du 
Monde  ;  "  which  may,  perhaps,  be  best  translated  into  English  by  Th«  It'orldin 
Burlnqufi,  and  a  metrical  version  of  the  same  work  under  the  title  of  "  Lc  Roi 
d'Anghterre  ct  le  Jongleur  d'Ely."  The  Riotc  du  Monde  seems  to  have  been 
very  [loputar  among  our  Norman  forefathers,  and  in  a  poem,  published  in  the 
collection  of  Barbazan,  it  ia  alluded  to  as  oue  of  the  most  excellent  performances 
of  the  minstrel  and  jogelour : — 


"  Li  quens  manda  les  m^nestrela. 
Et  si  a  fait  crier  entre  els 
Qui  la  meillor  troffe  sauroit 
Dire,  ne  faitt:,  qu'il  luroit 
Sa  robe  d'eflcarlate  nueve. 
L'aaa  m<^'nestrela  k  Taiitrc  rneve 
Fere  son  nestier  telqu'il  eot, 
Li  UU9  fet  I'yvrc,  I'aulfv  sot ; 
Li  uni  chante,  li  autre  note, 
Et  li  autre*  dit  la  Hiote, 

Et  li  aotres  lajenglerie. 

■         •         •         •         •         ■ 

II  i  ot  dit  maiate  riadc." 


'*  The  Count  cnlleil  the  minstrels, 

And  urdered  to  be  announced  among  them, 

'Fliat  hi;  who  knew  the  b<>st  jeitt 

Either  in  words,  or  acttoa,  should  have 

Hi«  rube  of  new  icarlet. 

The  one  minstrel  naked  the  other 

To  ejsercise  his  craft  as  he  knew,     [fool ; 

One  performs  the  drunkard,  another  the 

One  Kings,  another  play;), 

And  another  sayt  the  Rhte, 

And  another  joDi^lery. 

•         •••••• 

There  wba  said  many  a  laughable  thing." 


I 


Before  concluding,  we  will  observe  that  at  the  same  time  with  the  books 
above-mentioned,  was  published,  by  the  same  learned  editor,  a  contemporary 
Nonnan  ballad  on  Hugh  of  Lincoln,  with  all  the  Scotch  ballada  on  the  same 
subject  which  have  been  published  by  Percy,  Gilchrist,  Jamicson,  Pinkerton, 
Motherwell,  and  Sir  Egerton  Brydgea  ;  and  that  he  hns  in  the  press,  in  Lontlon, 
Itvo  most  im|K>rtant  books,  which  we  shall  notice  as  soon  as  they  ore  published, 
a  collection  of  all  the  remains  of  the  Norman  roraans  of  Tristram,  and  the 
Travels  of  Charlemagne  to  Jerusalem  and  Constantinople,  the  oldest  Norman 
po«ta  known  to  exist.  Both  these  books  will,  wc  understand,  be  rendered 
doubly  valuable,  by  having  cxceEbnt  glossaries. 


THE  RECORD  COMMISSION. 
No.  V,  continued, 
Tetta  de  Nnili,  give  Liber  Feodontm  in  Curia  Seaccarii,  one  rol. 


tH07. 


THE  territorial  Rerentte  of  the  Kingi  of  Enf^land  during  the  middle a^ef«,  was  of 
two  kind«;  permanent,  derived  from  the  profits  of  the  royal  demesnes,  nnd  the  rents 
reserved  u]>on  p-nnt»  of  lands ;  nntl,  eftntingi*nt,  «r  orcasioiml,  comprehending  pay* 
ments  made  upun  the  hap]iening  of  certain  peculinr  events.  Of  Iht;  littter  de- 
scription were  those  sin^lar  payments  incident  to  the  old  feudal  tenures,  termed 
♦  aids.'  Theae  were  paid  to  the  Lord  '  pur  file  marier,^  to  furnish  n  marriage 
|Mrtion  for  bia  eldest  daughter,  '  pur  f aire  fitz  chivairr,'  to  make  hts  eldest  son  and 
heir  •  knight ;  and  to  redeem  Ida  owa  person  from  captivity,  if  thnt  disaster  t-ver 
occurred.  Theae  three  aids  seem  to  have  been  demanded  by  the  Lord  of  his  Vaswils 
as  a  rif^ht,  but  upon  other  occasions  aids  were  levied  rather  on  account  of  the  neceS' 
ritiea  of  the  Lord,  than  of  any  proper  obligation  to  pay  them  un  the  ]tnrt  of  the 
tenant.  The  aid  varied  in  amount.  And  was  proportioned  to  the  number  of  knights' 
fee*  held  by  the  tenant.     The  king  was  also  entitled  to  receive  esmage,  or  actttage,  a 

k payment  or  service  from  cflrbof  hi*  tenants  whenever  be  set  forth  an  army,  and  to  va- 
fiou*  other  peculiar,  and  in  many  cases  fantjuitiral,  payments  and  services  from  thotte 


|»    1835.]  Liber  Niger.-^Liber  Rubeus.  3S 

jilated  tiweata,  m  upon  the  day  of  his  coronation,  his  going  into  Wales,  or  Scotland,  or 
I  like.     An  these  pa  jments  were  made  to  the  Exchequer,  sometimes  immediately 

r  Que  tenants,  and  sometimes  by  the  Sheriffs,  to  whom  the  tenants  paid  them.     In 

^tther  case,  the  Exchequer  was  the  ultimate  place  of  receipt  and  settlement,  and  it  was 

fore  necessary  that  the  oiBcers  of  that  esUblishment  should  be  accurately  in- 

fanned  as  to  Uie  number  of  the  tenants  in  eapite,  the  knights'  fees  they  held,  and  the 

nature  of  the  tenure  of  such  of  them  as  held  by  Serjeanty. 

These  particulars  were  collected  by  the  officers  of  the  Exchequer,  from  Inquisitions 
and  Betnnu,  from  the  reports  of  the  Justices  Itinerant,  from  the  accounts  of  the 
Shetifi,  and  Tarions  other  sources.  Sometimes  they  appear  to  have  been  entered  on 
Boiis  and  mHOttimeB  in  books,  being  preserved  in  either  case  for  general  reference  and 
nse.  Semal  miscellaneous  office  books  of  this  description  are  in  existence.  The 
DMMt  important  of  them  are  known  by  the  names  of  '  lAber  Niger,*  the  Black  Book ; 
'  LUer  Rmieu*,'  the  Red  Book ;  and  '  IMer  Feodorum,'  the  Book  of  Fees,  or  as  it  it 
B»re  fiieqnently,  although  erroneously,  termed  '  Tata  de  Nevill.' 

The  principal  contents  of  the  '  Liber  Niger'  are  the  Dialogus  de  Scaceailo,  pnb- 
Gshed  t^  Madox,  (Hist,  of  the  Exchequer,  vol.  ii.  349)  copies  of  the  will  of  Henry  II., 
and  variona  Charters  in  his  reign,  and  also  of  certain  documents  commonly  known 
as  Ckarim  Smrmtrnm,  the  nature  of  which  will  be  best  explained  by  stating  the  cir> 
eimstnnoea  out  of  which  they  arose.  An  aid  was  levied  by  Henry  II.  upon  the 
occasion  of  the  marriage  of  his  daughter  Matilda  with  Henry  the  Lion,  Duke  of 
Sanmy.  He  aid  was  one  mark  for  every  knight's  fee,  and  in  order  to  secure  its  due 
edleetion  the  tenants  in  eapite  were  commanded  to  certify  to  the  Exchequer  how 
■any  knJ^ts'  fees  they  held,  how  many  of  the  old  feoffment,  that  is,  in  the  time  of 
Henry  I.,  and  how  many  of  the  new,  that  is,  since  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  and  by 
vfaoB  ttwy  were  holden.  The  certificates,  or  Charia  Baronum,  were  returned  to  the 
t*rbfq"*r  in  pursuance  of  these  directions,  and  contained  the  prescribed  particulars ; 
tiuj  were  ordered  to  be  preserved  in  the  Exchequer,  and  a  place  set  apart  for  their 
nfe  custody.  One,  and  only  one  of  the  originals  is  now  known  to  be  in  existence, 
bat  the  LUer  Niger  contains  copies  of  them.  They  are  in  various  forms,  some  ex> 
tronely  terse  and  laconic,  others  diffuse  and  full  of  the  ordinary  phrases  of  legal 
flattery.  It  may  be  worthy  of  remark,  that  in  the  majority  of  those  Chartee,  in  which 
the  King  is  addressed  by  his  titles,  he  is  termed  King  of  the  English,  Bex  Anglorum, 
■nd  not  Bex  Angtue,  although  that  title  sometimes  occurs.  The  principal  parts  of 
the  Liber  Niger,  with  the  exception  of  the  Dialogus  de  Scaccario,  were  published  by 
Heame,  in  S  vols.  8vo,  Oxon.  1728,  and  again  under  the  Editorship  of  Sir  John 
Ayloffe,  in  3  vols.  8vo,  Lond.  1771  and  1774.  Both  these  publications  contain, 
hoides  the  Ldber  Niger,  a  Cotton  MS.  (Claudius  C.  v.)  comprising  a  Catalogue  of 
the  Tenants  of  Lands  in  Lincolnshire,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.,  the  Annals  of  WiU 
lism  of  Worcester,  and  much  miscellaneous  matter.  The  later  Edition  contains 
looe  papers  not  inserted  in  Heame's  publication,  but  others  are  omitted  flrom  it,  and 
it  is  deficient  in  Aat  Editorial  accuracy  which  gives  a  peculiar  value  to  all  Heame's 
heterogeneous  pubUcations. 

The  Liber  Rubeua  has  never  been  published,  and  may  therefore  be  noticed  more 
psrticulariy.  Great  part  of  it  was  compiled  by  Alexander  de  Swereford,  Archdeacon 
of  Shrewabnry,  one  of  the  Clerks,  and  afterwards  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Ex- 
chequer in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  The  entries  are  of  a  very  miscellaneous  cha- 
laeter,  but  connst  principally  of  copies  of  Royal  Charters  of  Liberties  and  other 
iastnunents  of  a  legislative  character ;  ordinances  for  the  regulation  of  the  Mint  and 
the  Exchequer,  Memoranda  of  Scutages  collected  from  the  2d  Henry  II.  to  the  13th 
John;  Chartse  Baronum,  being  transcripts  similar  to  those  in  the  Liber  Niger; 
Bajcaatfei  in  several  counties  in  the  time  of  King  John,  with  a  Summary  of  the  Iu> 


^ 


$S  The  Record  Commission — No.  V.  [Jan. 

qaisitiona  taken  in  the  same  reign,  concerning  the  tenants  in  capite:  pleadings  ia 
Parliament  in  the  rdgn  of  Edward  L  ;  transcripts  of  vario^tts  Papal  Bulla  and  Grants 
of  Sovereigng  and  other  pernons;  the  Sentence  of  Escoinmunicatioa  pronounced  in 
Westminster  Hall  in  the  37th  Henry  111.  a^jainat  the  Tranggressoro  of  the  Charters  ;* 
the  Oaths  of  the  OflSccrB  of  the  Exchequer,  and  of  the  Lord  Muyor  and  Sheriffs,  taken 
by  them  when  presented  in  that  Court;  va.dou8  memamnda  calculated  to  be  of  use  in 
the  transaction  of  the  Exchequer  buBiness,  and  especially  a  table  of  the  dates  of  the 
commencement  of  the  reigns  of  various  English  Monarrhs,  which  has  lately  been 
frequently  referred  to,  in  order  to  settle  the  doubts  which  Iod^  existed,  as  to  the 
ancient  mode  of  reckoning  the  regnal  years  of  our  SoTereigns.  The  Liber  Rubens 
also  contains  a  Copy  of  the  Dialogut  de  Seaeeario.  Many  of  the  entries  in  this 
Tolame  are  of  considerable  interest  and  importance.  Some  of  th^m  have  Iwcn  pub- 
lished in  various  works — in  Ryley'a  Pbc.  Porliatneataria ;  in  Wilkins^s  Lt'ges  Anglo- 
Saxonicas ;  in  Spclmon's  GloBiiary ;  in  the  Statutes;  in  the  Foedcra;  in  the  Record 
Report;  in  Cooper  on  Records  :  by  Ueamc  ;  and  in  Gale's  (luindecim  Scriptorea  ; 
but  many  are  quite  unknown,  and  any  antiquary  who  hns  itr  ran  [)roeure  access  to  the 
votame,  would  do  good  service  in  giving  the  world  a  detailed  account  of  it,  with 
Copies  of  its  nnprinted  portions. 

The  Liber  Feodorum,  or  Ties/a  de  Nevill,  refers  to  a  late  period,  but  is  of  a  some- 
what similar  character  to  the  two  preceding  works.  It  ransists  of  two  volumes, 
which  are  preserved  in  the  King's  Remembrancer's  office.  On  the  cover  of  each  of 
them  is  written  the  following  memorandum,  in  an  ancient  hand,  '  Cotilenta  pro  Evi. 
denciis  habeantnr  hie  in  S'cc'io  ct  non  pro  recordo!'  These  books  '  appear  to  have 
been  compiled  near  the  close  of  the  reig^n  of  Edward  II.,  or  the  commencement  of 
that  of  Edward  IIL,  partly  from  Inquests  taken  [in  the  reigns  of  Henry  IIL  and 
Edward  I.]  on  the  presentments  of  Jurors  of  Hundreds  befare  the  Jiisliceii  Itine- 
rant, and  partly  from  Inquisitions  upon  writs  awarded  to  the  Sheriffs  for  collecting 
of  Scutage*,  aids,  &e.'  (Introduction  to  the  Testa  de  Nevil]).  The  name  '  Testa  de 
Nevill'  is  quite  inapplicable  to  this  work.  That  title  pru]K>r1y  belonged  to  a  roll 
CQBtaining  the  names  of  tenants  in  capite,  a  part  of  which  is  HtiH  extant  in  the  Chapter 
House,  and  many  qnotatioos  fruto  which  occur  in  the  present  volume ;  but  these 
quotations  form  a  very  trifling  jvart  of  the  whole  work,  and  ought  not  by  any  means 
to  have  given  it  their  name.  The  Roll  properly  caJIed  Testa  dc  Nerill,  is  con- 
jectured to  have  been  compiled  either  by  Ralph  dc  Nevilt,  or  Julian  dc  Nevitl,  le^;al 
officers  in  the  reign  of  Henry  III.,  who  ore  mentioned  in  the  Liber  Femlorum,  ss  we 
shall  in  future  term  the  volume  before  us,  and  not  Testa  de  Nevill.  At  p. 16  b.  is  men- 
tion of  the  widow  of  Julian  dc  Neville ;  she  is  said  to  have  held  lands  in  the  wapen- 
take of  Turgnrton,  in  the  honour  of  Richmond,  and  to  have  been  worth  ten  marks 
per  uinuro,  but  the  jurorH,  it  is  added,  '  do  not  know  whether  she  is  in  the  gift  of  the 
King  or  of  the  Earl  of  Cheater.' 

The  contents  of  the  Lihtr  Feodontm  consist  principally  of  lists  of  the  tenants  in 
M|fj<f  in  the  several  counties,  and  of  the  actual  terre-tenants;  serjcanties;  accounts 
ofSctttages,  and  of  the  collectors  of  the  aid  granted  to  Henry  IIL,  to  marry  his 
■istcr  to  the  Emperor,  and  that  of  the  preLites  upon  occasion  of  the  same  King's 
passage  into  Gaseony ;  lists  of  wards  in  the  King's  gift  ;  extracts  from  Inquisitions 
■kewillg  the  occupiers  of  lands  at  various  periods,  and  frc«|ucntly  their  descents ; 
together  with  quotations  from  the  Tfsla  de  \erUt  before  mentioned.  Such  p*r- 
ticvlars  oTR  of  evident  use  to  the  genealogist  and  topographer  ;  they  enable  the  one 
to  IracB  the  conne  of  many  ■  ooblc  family,  and  the  other  to  throw  n  faint  light 
upon  the  varying  oocnpancy  and  eondition  of  lands.  The  enumerations  of  Scr- 
jaaarifa  cOBtain  many  curious  particulars  illostrativc  of  the  state  of  manners,  and  of 
Ikfl  ■rtnc  of  the  ancient  legal  tenures,  and  as  these  passages  are  likely  to  be  the 


4 

I 
I 


I 


p 


noft  {nerallj  IntercsHnf .  wc  shAll  select  some  few  of  them  which  do  not  seem  to 
luTC  bees  Doticed-in  the  lost  Edition  of  ^loMnVs  Fratpnenta  Anliquitatit : — 

'  Wocton,  in  Oxfordshire.  Robert  Fits  Ahui  held  lands  in  Woctun,  by  the  Scr- 
jeioty  of  carryiDg  nn  Ensi^  in  the  army  of  the  Lord  the  King  befure  the  foot  sol- 
diers of  the  hondred  of  Wocton.'     p.  114. 

The  service  of  carryings  ' penfciUum,'  or  enfiign,  wan  by  no  means  uncommon. 
Blount  mentions  a  tenure  of  that  aort  at  Nether  Overton,  in  Oxfordshire,  (p.  1,'U), 
edit.  1815)  ;  bat  the  one  now  noticed  is  peculiar  in  the  ensign  being  limited  to  be 
earned  before  a  pwticiUar  body  of  soldiers.  The  *  penecillKm,'  '  pensell/  or  '  pen- 
noDKlle,'  wu  the  diminutive  of  the  pennon  ;  being  a  long,  narrow  flag,  ending  in  a 
tail,  or  point. 

'  Trowell,  in  Nottinghamshire.  GeoiFrpy  holds  one  cnmicatc  of  land  in  Trowell, 
and  half  a  carmcate  in  Bmnnesleg,  by  serjeanty,  rendering  one  samjtter  horst;,  wortii 
ficv  ahiUings,  and  one  sack,  worth  four-penc«,  when  the  Lord  tlic  King  shall  go  into 
Wale*.'     p.  18. 

This  is  a  common  descriptioa  of  tcnnrc,  but  it  is  not  usual  to  find  a  stipulation 
refpe<ting  the  •salne  of  the  articles  to  he  rendered. 

•  Cotenton,  in  Derbyshire.  Walter  Marsh  held  by  the  serjeanty  of  presenting  the 
'EiBg  with  one  pair  of  hooe  of  a  scarlet  red."     p.  23. 

*  Suffolk,  The  churches  of  Little  Yarmouth,  Gurleston,  and  Lnwistoft,  are  in 
ihe  gift  of  the  King,  and  Master  Alan,  of  Stole,  hold.s  them,  rendering,  therefore,  per 
annum,  to  the  Canons  of  Saint  Bartholomew,  of  Smethefcld,  ten  marks.  Ajid  Ralph, 
of  Beleton,  holds  the  charch  of  Beleton,  rendering,  therefore,  per  annum,  to  th« 
afoicaaid  Master  Alan,  one  pound  of  incense.'     p.  SttO. 

'  Middlesex.  Margery,  of  KeTeiand,  kee|i»  the  Hall  of  the  Lord  the  King,  at 
Westminster,  by  Serjeanty,  and  receives  daily  etght-penoe  ont  of  the  purse  of  the 
the  Lord  the  King.'     p.  361 . 

'  Sussex.  Imbert,  of  Rakiuton,  held  lands  in  MitUaventon,  by  the  Serjeanty  of 
coming  to  the  King  whenever  he  should  come  within  the  rape  of  Arundel,  and  bring- 
ing to  him  two  white  capons.'     p.  £29. 

'  Hampshire.  William  Spilemond  holds  by  the  .^rjeanty  of  finding  straw  for  the 
King's  bed,  and  hay  for  his  horses  at  Brendck.'     p.  237. 

'  The  same  county.  Mattbt-w,  of  Wallop,  holds  one  hundred  i^hillings  of  land  in 
the  fill  of  BrOBidene,  of  the  gift  of  King  .lohn,  by  the  service  of  keeping  Winrheater 
Gaol.  Henry,  of  Bromdene,  holds  twenty  shillings  of  land  in  Bromdene,  and  holds 
it  from  the  conquest  of  the  kingdom,  for  the  custody  of  Winchester  Gaol,  which  he 
says  tielongs  to  hicn.'     p.  237. 

'  Buckinghamshire.  Robert,  the  son  of  William  Revel,  of  Crendon,  who  is  a  ward 
of  Walter  Marshal.  Earl  of  Pembroke,  holds  one  hundred  shillings  of  land  by  the  ser- 
n'jeof  one  chaplet  of  roses  on  Christmas  Day.  He  gives  no  Scut  age,  and  is  of  the 
new  feoffment.'     p.  247. 

'  Norfolk.  William  Kitz  Ralph  and  William  of  Carcun  hold  a  certain  Serjeanty  in 
Karlrtfaon  [Carlton]  hy  the  service  of  carrying  to  the  Lord  the  King,  wheresoever  he 
be  in  England,  about  the  feast  of  Saint  Michael,  twenty-four  pasties  of  fresh 
!,  on  behalf  of  the  bailiffs  of  Norwich.'   Page  283. 

It  appears  from  Blount  (Frag.  Antiq.  p.  197)  that  these  herring  pasties  were  fnr- 
suhed  in  the  following  manner.  The  horongh  of  Yarmouth  was  bound  to  send  one 
knndred  herrings  to  the  Sheriff  of  Norfolk,  whose  duty  it  was  to  have  them  baked 
into  twenty -four  pasties.  He  probably  delivered  them  to  the  Bailiffs  of  Norwich,  who 
again  consigned  them  to  William  Fitz  Raljdi  and  his  coadjutor.  Blount  adds,  'They 
m  atill  seat  to  the  Clerk  of  the  Kitchen's  office  in  St.  James's/ 

new  extracts,  selected  at  random,  ^nfficiently  exemplify  the  nsture  of  the  infor- 
natioa  to  be  obtained  from  the  Serjeanties.  Other  particulars,  eqimlly  curious  and 
worthy  of  note,  occur  in  the  other  branches  of  the  book,  and  esperially  in  the  memin- 
rauda  relating  to  accounts  and  pa]rment.>i  ;  indeed,  there  are  few  plures  or  familtes  of 
any  note,  some  mention  of  which  cannot  be  found  in  this  volume.  It  was  edited,  and 
Mfputntij  with  care,  by  Mr.  lllingworth,  under  the  nominal  superintendence  of  Mr. 


I 


I 


t 


w 


^B  Rkcohd  Commission — No? 

Rotuli  Hwuhednntm,  2  vols.  1812 — 1818, 
Placita  de  Qt^o  Warranto,  1  vol.  iei8. 
These  records  perpetuate  the  memoTy  of  a  national  transaction  of  cnusiderable 
portance.  At  the  time  of  the  death  of  Henry  III.  his  galiaiit  son,  Edward,  waa  ab> 
sent  upon  a  eramde,  in  which  his  exploit*  revived  the  memory  of  his  hcroie  prede- 
ceasor,  Richard  I.  Hia  right  to  the  throne  was  inatajitly  recognised ;  the  chief  of  the 
nobility  «worc  allegiance  to  him  over  the  unintcrred  corpse  of  his  father ;  and  tha 
ktifdom  remained  in  profound  tranquillity  for  a  period  of  nearly  two  yean,  which 
daptad  before  be  reached  hia  native  country,  'fliei  new  Sovereign  aoon  diaeoTered 
that,  although  his  len(!:thened  absence  had  not  produced  any  breach  of  the  public  peace, 
it  had  fostered  conse<iuetice8  extremely  prejudicial  to  his  iritere«ts.  The  tinsUble  ad- 
ffliniittration  of  Henry  III.  opened  the  door  to  many  irregukriliea,  which  the  power 
of  the  temporary  guardians  of  the  realm  had  not  Iwen  exerted  to  repress  ;  ntiresisted 
encroachments  had  despoiled  the  Crown  of  some  of  its  most  valuable  prerogatives  (J 
tenants  in  eapite  had  aliened  without  liccnae,  and  frequently  to  eceleaiasticd  ;  rents 
due  to  the  Crown,  the  profits  of  Courts,  the  emoluments  ariain^  from  a  right  to  wreck, 
and  various  other  Jura  Regalia,  bad  been  withheld  ;  and  manj  oppressions  and  illegal 
exactions,  equally  ii^nrioos  to  the  Sovereign  and  the  people,  had  been  permitted  to 
gix>w  up  undisturbed.  Practices  of  this  kind  were  not  likely  to  be  acquiesced  in  bj 
n  spirited  and  active  Monarch  like  Edward  I.  Two  months  after  his  arrival  In 
EuijlftiKl,  n  :iperial  Ciwiinission  was  issued,  under  the  Great  Seal,  dated  at  the  Tower 
of  London,  on  the  11th  of  October,  in  the  second  year  of  his  reign,  by  which  certain 
penons  were  authorised  to  inquire,  by  the  oaths  of  such  good  and  lawful  men  by 
whom  the  truth  might  Wat  be  known,  concerning  certain  right.t,  liberties,  and  other 
things  to  the  King  and  his  estate,  and  the  estate  of  the  coenmoniiUy,  belonging,  and 
moretjver,  concerning  the  conduct  and  behaviour  of  Shcriffri  and  Bailiff's,  in  the  man- 
ner contained  in  certain  articles  delivered  to  the  Commissioners  with  their  Com- 
mission. The  articles  referred  to,  contain  many  subjects  of  inquiry,  principally 
relating  to  the  demesnes  of  the  Crown,  the  tenants  in  capite,  the  rents  of  hundreds, 
wapentakes,  tithings,  cities  and  burghs  let  to  farm,  wreck  of  the  sea,  free  chase, 
warren,  Aahery,  and  other  Royal  Annchiaea  ;  various  breocbcii  of  duty  in  Sheriffs, 
Bailiffs,  and  Escheators  ;  purprcsturcs,  and  the  alienation  of  knight's  fees.  The  pro- 
ceedings under  these  Commissions  were  conducted  a]>parent]y  in  a  manner  similar  to 
prooeedangs  before  the  Justices  in  Eyre,  whose  Capitula  Hineris,  or  the  article^  of 
inquiry  delivered  to  them  before  setting  forth  upon  their  Itinera,  very  much  resemble 
the  articles  of  inquiry  delivered  to  tliese  Commissioners.  Tlie  returns  to  the  inqui- 
sitiun«  taken  by  tlie  Commissioners,  were  put  into  writing  and  delivered  into  the 
Exchequer,  where  the  majority  of  them  are  i>till  preserved.  They  form  the  Rotuli 
Umidraiorum  here  published.  Extract*  from  the  returns,  containing  the  jirineipal 
matters,  were  mode  at  the  time  for  the  use  of  the  officers  of  the  Excliequer,  and  these 
cjctracta  are  included  in  the  publication  before  us,  as  well  as  the  returns  themselves, 
•o  that  the  deficient  counties  ore  in  this  manner  partly  sujiplied,  and  the  publication 
made  to  comprehend  a  survey  of  the  Royal  territorial  revenue  throughout  the  greater 
part  of  England.  Tlie  returns,  or  verdicts,  of  the  Jurors,  that  is,  tlie  witaejiBes,  ore 
entered  tipun  the  rolls  in  time  different  forms.  I.  When  the  return  relates  to  a 
Avadiiae  or  eatate,  held  by  a  pcraoa  believed  to  be  rightfully  entitled  to  it,  the  form 
ma,  IpncrtUy,  merely  that  such  an  one  held  such  an  estate.  II.  When  the  Jurors 
arora  igaonuit  of  the  title  of  the  tenant,  the  return  was,  that  he  held,  but  the  Jurors 
knew  not  by  what  autlmrily  or  warrant,  '  neaciumt  ytto  ymrrimto.^      111.   When  the 

^^  Juror*  brlirved  the  holding  wa>  unlawful,   the  retam  was,  that  the  tenant  held  with- 

^^kout  warrant,  *  sine  vamnto.* 

^^B    Thf  firat  chaptar  vt  the   Statute   paMcd  in  the  next  Parliament  after  this  in- 


!«».]  Placita  de  Quo  Warranto. 

^WJt   wUcb  WW  belli  at   Gloiici-Hter   in  the  fith  year  of  the  Feign,  appears   to 
lwf«  been  foaaiied  upon  the  retiira  of  the  ComBaimiooera.     It  enncted  that  the 
Sitn\(t*  ehoold  cAuae  it  to  be  commonly  '  cried'  throughout  their  Uailiwicka,  that  ail 
thow  who  claimed  to  have  any  franchises  by  the  Charters  of  thi;  King's  pretleccswns, 
or  in  any  other  nmnDcr,  should  come  before  tlie  Kioj^,  or  before  the  Justices  ia  Eyre, 
at  a  rertAJn  day  and  place,  to  show  what  «ort  of /ranchiaes  they  claimed  to  have,  and 
by  what  warrant.     And  if  the  parties  did  not  opftear,  the  ShertfT  was  to  take  the  fran- 
dkiaM  iBto  the  King's  hand.  a»  a  distress,  in  order  to  compel  ai^pearance ;  and  no  one 
«••  10  cefue  to  answer,  upon  the  ground  of  the  want  of  an  original  writ,  according  to 
(be  orliasry  course  of  proceeding?  at  the  Common  Law,  except  where  it  appeared 
tfa>t  tiw  ancestor  of  the  tenant  died  seised  of  the  franchise  in  i|ueation,  in  which  case 
an  original  writ  was  to  be  issued,  in  a  new  form  prescribed  by  the  Statute.     (Authentic 
E<ittiou  of  the  Statutes,  I.  p.  45.)     Upon  the  authority  of  this  Statute,  and  assisted 
Ht  the  infonnation  obtained  upon  the  previous  inquiry,  various  proceedings  rn  ^vo 
warrvuin  were  Instituted  against  persons  who  were  supposed  to  have  asnrped  the 
Royal  franchises.    The  rolls  of  pleadings  in  these  cases,  and  in  other  similar  cases,  in 
til*  nigna  of  the  two  succeeding  Monarchs,  constitute  (he  records  published  in  the 
PImtttM  d*  fwi  Warranto.     In  many  instances  these  proceedings  were  at  once  sub- 
ailted  to ;  in  others,  in  which  they  were  contested,  advantage  w&h  occasionally  taken 
oa  Whalf  of  the  Crown,  of  the  losa  of  durters,  and  the  absence  of  other  c%idence  ; 
wai  bag  atandiag  posacasion  was  found   insufficient  to  atone  for  tlie  want  of  some 
awimt  and  forgotten  docament,  even  although  the  land  was  in  tlie  possession  of  the 
iVarindinr  of  him  by  whose  sword  it  had  originally  been  won.      Cases  of  this  de- 
attJyCMKl  srouaed  the  public  feeling,  and  produced  a  loud  and  general  discontent.     At 
faagiii  Ifae  King  deasted,  and  by  an  Ordinance,  or  Statute,  made  in  the  iHth  year  of 
^^Uareifli,  estobliahed  the  same  limitation  in  proceedings  by  qrto  urarranio,  which  by 
^Hthe  Stxtnte  of  Westminster  primer,  3d  Edward   I.  c.  39,  had  bixn  previously  mad« 
^Btbe  time  of  limitation  in  a  writ  of  right.    The  Statute  of  Itjth   Edward  I.   declared 
^Btta  •  aU  tlkOM  which  claimed  to  have  quiet  possetsJon  of  any  franchise  before  the  time 
^^  vf  Ktof  Richard,  without  interruption,  and  coold  show  the  same  by  a  lawful  inquest, 
tlkOald  well  enjoy  their  possession  ;  and  in  cose  that  such  poaseasion  should  he  de- 
for  cause  reasonable,  the  King  should  confirm  it  by  title ;  and  those  that  hnd 
of  fraodilse  should  have  tlie  some  Charters  adjudged,  according  to  their 
tfBor  nd  fonn.'     (Authentic  Edition  of  Statutes,  I.  p.  107.)     The  time  of  legal  pre- 
•criptioil  thus  settled,  remained  unaltered,  notwithxtonding  the  lapse  of  so  many  in- 
ftntiiag  eenturies,  up  to  the  reign  of  his  present  Majesty,  when  by  the  recommenda- 
tiiMi  of  Hkt  Law  Comraisftioners,  the  period  of  prescription  was  properly  settled  at 
#tty  year*;  a  time  which,  3(X>  years  ago,  was  judged  sufficient  in  the  case  of  a  writ 
gfri^l.     (Stat.  32  H.  VIIL  c.  9.  Authentic  Edition,  vol.  III.  p.  747.) 
Asvnrey  so  comprehensive  as  that  taken  by  the  Special  Commissioners,  could  not 
tft  enfitain  many  circumstances  of  very  curious  and  oAen  importJint  information. 
I  true  it  extended  only  to  the  Royal  domains,  and  such  matters  aj$  the  King  was  inte- 
in  as  con»i-rvator  of  the  public  peace,  and  protector  of  the  commonalty  ngainiit 
ire!tei«>as  of  his  officers,  hut  tlicse  topics  opened  many  points  of  imjdiry  highly 
re  of  the  modes  of  transacting  business  and  the  general  manners  and  prao- 
tleca  of  the  times ;  the  state  of  the  law,  the  venality  of  its  ministers  nml  the  severities 
pcactiaed  bj  tbem  ;  the  condition  of  towns,  the  tenures  of  property,  and  the  persona 
la  vhoKi  tbe  poMcssion  of  lands  was  vested.     Topographers  do  not  appear  to  be  at 
dl  groi^ndly  awve  of  the  contents  of  these  volumes,  whti-h.  sJthough  a  wine  of 
i^iannotion  more  useful,  fierhaps,  to  tJicm  than  to  any  other  licNcriptiun  of  intjuirers, 
hate    baoB    jienDitted    to    remain    idmust     unnoticed.      For    twenty     years    thr^f 
aaJ  tataj  olhrrs  of  the  record  publications  have   been   in  our  libraries  and  upon 


J 


TuE  Record  CoMMissroK — tio,  V. 


. 


our  bdokstalb  ;  they  have  beea  highlf  reputed  because  they  were  published  at  a  great 
expense,  and  were  oshered  into  the  world  with  all  the  ccUt  which  ctumot  fail  to 
•ccompany  a  Government  publication ;  but  until  very  lately  they  have  not  been 
studied;  scarcely  have  they  even  been  referred  to.  There  is  not  one  of  the  actual 
records  that  has  been  subjected  to  a  thorough  sifting  ;  not  one,  tlie  coDtcnts  of  which 
hsTe  been  properly  iuvestigateA  We  call  topugraphcra  to  the  task,  and  are  quite 
sure  that,  if  it  be  properly  pursued,  not  otiJy  will  much  new  information  be  <»btaiued, 
but  Uie  character  a.ud  inipartaace  of  topographical  inciuiries  will  be  placed  before  the 
public  iu  a  new  and  favourable  point  of  view.  In  the  cursory  notice  which  we  are 
compelled  to  give,  it  is  impossible  that  we  can  enter  upon  the  subject;  but  the 
following  miscellaneouB  extracts  from  some  of  the  returns  relating  to  London,  will 
bear  out  the  truth  of  our  remarks,  nnd  be  sufficient  to  spur  on  future  inquirers  to 
grapple  more  closely  with  these  ponderous  volume*. 

The  jurors  say,  that  Lord  William  de  Say  and  his  heirs  have  appropriated  to  them- 
selves free  chase  and  warren  in  the  county  of  Middlesex  against  the  crown  of  the 
Lord  the  King  and  the  tiherties  of  the  City  a(  London,  in  disherison  of  the  Lord  the 
King,  and  to  the  prejudice  of  the  whole  kingdom,  but  from  what  time,  and  upon 
what  warrant,  thej'  do  nut  kiiow.  They  also  say  that  the  Lord  the  King,  lately  Earl 
of  Cornwall,  made  or  caused  to  be  mode  in  the  plain  and  common  of  Hundnslawe 
fHounslow]  in  a  place  called  Fisscbum,  a  pond  of  water  and  a  jwrk  in  the  vill  of 
IteJwortb,  which  Edmund  his  son,  who  now  is,  holds,  contrary  to  the  crown  of  the 
Lord  the  King,  and  the  liberties  of  the  City  of  London,  and  of  all  the  clergy  and 
fieopte,  becauw  by  the  jiond  the  King's  highway  is  stopped  up,  and  this  has  been  aa 
well  in  the  time  of  King  Henry  as  in  the  time  of  King  Edward  who  now  is, 
but  of  the  precise  time  they  are  ignorant  They  say  also,  that  Lord  Walter  dc 
Mertoa  has  appropriated  to  himself  unjustly  the  common  moor,*  which  always  was 
a  common  from  the  foundation  of  the  same  city  tintil  the  said  Lord  Walter  appro- 
priated the  same  to  himself,  contrary  to  justice  and  the  crown  of  the  Lord  the  King» 
and  to  the  great  damage  of  the  whole  city,  and  to  the  disherison  of  the  said  Lord  the 
King,  and  upon  what  warrant,  in  what  manaer,  and  front  w^hat  time  they  arc  ignorant, — 
p.  4(M,  voL  i. 

Tbey  Bay  that  Walter  Mervy  holds  a  certain  house  in  the  parish  of  Saint  Peter  the 
Less,  towards  Woodewharve,  which  was  at  one  time  the  King's  cellar  for  keejiing  his 
wine  there,  but  in  what  manner  aliened  or  by  what  warrant  it  is  held  they  do  not 
know. — p.  103.  ibid. 

They  say,  that  whereas  London-bridge  was  for  a  long  time  in  the  hands  of  the 
citixena  of  Londoa,  and  they  have  always  been  accustomed,  with  the  common  consent, 
to  appoint  a  kee|)er  thereof,  to  the  common  advantage  of  the  Lord  the  King,  and  of 
his  city,  and  of  all  passengert,  now  the  said  bridge  is  in  the  hands  of  the  lady  the  Queen, 
and  they  k  now  not  by  what  warrant.  They  say  aiso  that  the  same  bridge  is  in  great  danger 
of  falling  for  want  of  taking  care  thereof,  which  is  to  the  great  danger  of  the  Lord  the 
King,  and  of  his  city,  and  of  all  passengers* — p,  406.  vol.  i. 

They  say  also,  that  Ada  de  Basing  buUt  formerly  a  certain  house  in  Aldcrmannehir, 
in  the  King's  highway,  making  no  small  encroachment  upon  the  Lord  the  King,  and 
to  the  damage  of  the  whole  city  ;  and  the  citizens  of  London  came  and  levtiUed  the 
whole  house  to  the  earth,  and  afterwards  came  Thomas,  the  son  and  heir  of  the  said 
Ada,  and  appropriated  the  same  place  to  himself  without  warrant,  and  committed  the 
•sine  encroachment  by  enclosing  the  same  place  with  a  stone  wall,  and  still  holds  the 
•IBM  enclosed,  and  hath  held  it  for  eight  years  past  and  more,  to  the  disherison  of 
the  Lord  the  King  and  the  dama^^  of  the  whole  City  of  London.  Tlicy  saj  also, 
that  the  prior  and  convent  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  in  London,  have  stopped  np  the  high- 
way of  the  Lord  the  King,  by  which  there  used  to  be  a  common  passage  from  Aldgate 
to  Bishopeagate,  with  an  earthen  wall,  and  the  way  was  between  the  priory  and  the  city 
wall,  and  the  walls  were  formerly  thrown  down  ;  and  now  again,  by  the  same  prior 
and  convent,  they  have  been  built  up,  and  the  way  stopped  eight  years  and  more,  to 
the  ilisherison  of  the  Lord  the  King,  and  the  damage  of  the  whole  of  the  aforesaid 
city.— p.  412,  vol.  i. 


*  In  other  returns,  this  is  called  the  moor,  '  sub  rauro  Lond,'  *  under  Londtut 
Wall,'  and  in  others  is  described  as  ntuntc  bctwt;ca  UisbopbgatC  aud  Cripplej^atv,  ou 
thcnortli  '  versus  Viucabur,'  *  towoids  Finsbury.* 


1836.]  Oa  the  Clasttification  of  {he  Alphabetic  Letters. 


41 


They  say,  tliAt  thp  Ltird  the  Kinif  hnth  in  detnesDe  tlie  whole  City  of  London,  with 

licToWfr  of  the  same,  with  the.riidiusai,  ami  his  Palace  of  Westminster,  which  bt-lung 

the  dignity  nf  his  Crown  in  anticnt  demesne,  and  aIfo  the  water  of  Thamn*,  which 

^n^  at  Vanlide  at  the  entrance  of  the  sen,  towards  the  east,  on  both  sides,  up  to 

bridge  of  Stanea  towards  the  webt. 
Aha  Chey  njf  Uut  the  prioress  and  convent  of  St.  Helena  hare  appropriated  to 
Itcs  ■  laoe  which  was  called  St.  ElleTne's-lane,  by  which  aU  persons  at  their 
;,  as  in  the   King's  highway,  us«d  to  draw  their  carta,  to  ride  and  pass  alon^^i 
I  which  extended  from  Bisho{>e8gate-8trate  aa  for  as  the  King's  highway  of  SainC 
f-attr-Nax.  and  which  contained  at  the  east  end  eighteen  feet  or  more  in  breadtbifl 
Utirteen  feet  or  more  at  the  west  end,  to  the  great  damage  of  the  Lord  the  Kit: 
of  hi5  rity ;  and  this  they  appropriated  in  the  time  of  King  Henry,  the  father  ol 
be  Lord  King  Edward  who  now  is. — p.  420,  vol,  i. 

AUinragk  lees  general  in  the  character  uf  their  contents,  the  Placita  dc  Quo  War- 
equally  important  with  the  Rutali   Hundredorum;  perhaps,  indeed,  they 
more  so,  as  they  exhibit  more  minutely  the  condition  of  the  various  properties  to  , 
which  they  rrfer.    We  have  not  left  ourselves  any  room  for  extracts  ;  but  weennicstly' 
ivite  all  topographers  and  legal  antiquaries  to  an  attentive  examination  of  them, 
otb  thtae  pablications  were  principally  edited  by  Mr.  liliDgwortJi. 


ON  THE  CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  ALPBAflETIC  LETTERS. 


I.  Ubban, 
A  CRITICISM  upon  an  "Abstract  of 
tk'»  bldsay  on  the  Sibilant?,  and  his 
of  tranftcribiag  works    in   the 
and  Annenian  languages  by 
•  of  European  letters,  with  rc- 
i.by  R.G.Lathara.  [CambridpcJ " 
that    the    words    bafpiric, 
le,  gakkkighic,  and  sanluthhic, 
the  author  has  substituted  for 
I,  dtntol,  palufai,  and  tibUant,  arc 

fagu-baroud  and  unmeaning.     Un- 

■naiog  they  are  nut,  unless  sucli 
tcdnacal  phrases  as  Mosch  'eyihnn, 
wAotfr,  brgadkeita($,  hifil,  hnfal, 
kilhoQtl,  and  a  whole  host  besides, 
preaeoting  themselves  in  cver\'  page  of 
,Oor  Hebrew  grammars,  are  unmeaning, 
case  the  reviewer  has  not  construed 
lis  full  senic  the  word  technical, 
page  12,  line  14,  it  may  he  necessar)' 
to  explain  that,  as  the  word  beyad- 
hrfaU  tneaos  to  say  that  the  letters 
afJ^r^.B.n,©-  ar^  united  by  certain 
CosditiooB  common  to  them  all,  bo 
4oet  bnfpivic  irojdy  that  the  letters 
*.  y.f,  «  ;  dalhtiditiv,  that  the  sounds 
of  rf,  t,  ih,  dh  ;  ijukhkiijhie,  that  the 
•ounds  k,  q,  and  two  other  un-English 
«a«a,  in  the  sftme  relation  to  q  and  k 
a* /mad  p.  1h  and  dh  are  to  p,  b,  d,  t  : 
,  ■itii'j  A  f" ',  that  3,  r,  »h,  and  zfi,  arc 
bimMl  together  by  one  common  nature; 
tat  the  words  of  our  Greek  grammars 
"  istcr  ee  cognnta  sunt."  Their  bar- 
WroiMiicaa  is  tather  their  luisrortuue 
Gmirr.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


than  their  fault.  If  your  rorres|«jn- 
dent  chooses  to  mend  ibem  by  trans- 
position (the  only  imaginable  mode  of 
doing  so)  he  is  perfectly  welcome; 
but  it  is  idle  to  blame  the  cnrophony 
of  onoroatopa'ic  words.  My  objectiona  ■ 
to  the  usual  terms  arc,  1st,  That  they! 
arc  not  terms  on  which  the  learned  j 
World  arc  unanimous.  Turn  to  the  I 
grammars  of  the  semetic  languages, 
whence  I  consider  tlic  names  are  de- 
rived, and  we  fmd  I  and  n  bound  up  < 
with  /  and  (/.  m  and  w  with  b  and  p, 
y  and  q  i,  with  ^  and  A:.  These  com- 
binations serve  no  philological  purpos^e 
whatever.  There  are  no  two  authors 
who  unite  in  bringing  under  the  same 
denomination  the  same  letter  (when 
that  denomination,  like  the  words 
labial,  &c.,  is  taken  from. one  of  the 
speech-forming  organs)  ;  iind  it  is 
highly  improbable  that  there  ever  will  : 
for  this  reason,  that  there  is  no  Ian- 
guage  containing  a  sufKcicnt  number 
of  letters  to  fill  up  a  complete  system. 
But  6up{)Ose  it  be  denied  that  it  is  the 
essence  of  t  and  d,  th  and  dh,  to  be 
formed  by  the  contact  of  the  tongue 
and  teeth:  suppose  that  each  of  your 
readers  finds  himself  able  to  say,  tin. 
thin,  din,  thine,  with  his  tongue  no 
nearer  his  teeth  than  it  is  when  he 
says,  tin,  rin,  nin  ;  suppoisc  there  be 
nations  in  the  world  who  turn  the 
tongue  towards  the  brain,  far  back  in 
the  moulh,  when  they  aay  t  or  d.  «nd 
G 


42 


Hielory  of  BaUooHs,^BHrning  in  Effigy, 


[|Jan. 


othcm  who  never  say  th  wUhniit 
throwing  their  tongue  beyond  their 
fip«,  and  others  who,  really  niakini; 
dental  sounds  of  d  and  /,  pronounce 
them  in  a  manner  not  to  be  imitated 
by  tho»e  who  pronounce  thera  as  we 
do ;  nre  the  .vouiidst  in  the  tirat  case 
to  bo  called  dento-cerebral,  in  the  se- 
rood,  dento-lttbial,  and  the  third  case, 
deoto«dental,  or  ia  cacophony  worse 
than  DonRense.  llie  natioQs  alluded 
to  are  the  Initiaos,  the  Icelanders,  and 
the  GarU.  The  fame  argument  ap- 
plifji  to  the  ap|ii'[Iatiun  pnlulal.  It  is 
uo  leas  strange  than  true,  that  we  have 
lived  nearly  6,U00  years  in  the  world 
without  ditfcovcrinK  that  A- ami  q  might 
b*.  and  arc,  pronounced  with  the 
tongue  not  in  contact  with  the  palate, 
but  with  the  jaw.  But,  ata^  !  it  was 
nut  ordained  that  nur  language  should 
be  enriched  with  thi-  rpilhets/iiMcoJor 
nisitl.  Kiynuduijit  alitor  vnttm  t'Sl,  If 
q  and  k  are  fialatal,  then  are  the  Ger- 
man rA,  Spnniish  jr.  Welsh  k,  &c.  &c., 
pnlata-KutturalH  :  but  if  we  take  the 
guttural  Huund  as  the  stujidard,  then 
are  k  and  y  (jutturu-patutab.  I  wanted 
names  for  Iwu  tlirnK**.  J^t.  fur  the  col- 
Icctiun  uf  (lie  f'uur  sounds  «,  z,  nh,  z/i, 
and,  3nd,  for  lUe  whole  ufi^embtage  of 
the  UtMsnK  Hftuudn,  Biah  as  the  ahove- 
■lentioiird,  and  the  additional  ones  of 
tk  and  J.  Surely  the  word  »ibilant  in 
b*ttef  Huited  fur  a  generic  than  a  spe- 
cific  flrnomiuution. 

8ir,  it  is  my  confinned  ojiinion,  that 
the  faulty  clatiaitication  uf  letters — 
the  very  elements — ha**  led  to  much 
•purioua  philulugy,  and  will  lead  to 
fDort.  K.  G.  L. 


Mu.  UanAN,         B—U.  />«•.  5. 
"  A  little  knowledge  is  a  dangerous 
tiling,"  and  a  desire  to  show  that  little 
knowledge    still    more    unsafe.      At 

ii,  An.'l  of  your  lost  number  is  a  paper 
ram  Mr.  Clark,  un  ItulhionM,  and  the 
date  of  their  invention,  in  which  he 
■ays.  "  While  pursuing  my  antiigunrian 
rtavarrhes  the  other  day,  in  u  rare 
poetical  work,  entitU-d,  '  'I'iic  ^^hlp- 
Wreck  iif  Jonn«,'  translated  by  Sylves- 
ter, from  T)u  Hartns,  <lti),  in(J4,  t  was 
murh  struck  by  nierting  with  the  foU 
luwiug  tiiuplet  I — 
"  Aipiiii  i|i  (hat  akipa  from  stars 


In  this  single  couplet,  therefore,  vie 
appear  to  be  presented  witli  '  confir- 
mation strong  oa  proofs  of  Holy  Writ,' 
that  instead  uf  balloons  being,  as  ge- 
nerally supposed ,  an  invention  of  no 
more  than  some  GO  years'  standing, 
they  were  known  at  least  two  centu- 
ries previous." 

The  greatness  of  Mr.  Clarke's  error 
is  in  exact  proportion  to  the  positive- 
ness  of  his  assertion.  In  the  first 
place  I  shall  remark,  cahmn  currente, 
that  Sylvester's  Jonas  is  a  very  common 
book,  and  not  rare;  in  my  small 
library  I  have  no  less  than  three  edi- 
tions of  it.  Next  that  ,the  word  hal- 
loonfs  as  used  by  Sylvester,  does  not 
mean  what  we  call  air-baUoons;  but 
that  the  name  of  our  air-balloons  arc 
adopted  from  the  balloons  of  Sjlvester; 
i.  c.,  large  balls  covered  with  leather 
and  skin,  and  filled  with  air  (an- 
swering to  our  foot-ball,  which  is  a 
small  balloon) ;  and  that  these  balloons 
are  used  in  Italy  in  the  game,  called 
from  them,  JJalione  or  Palloup ;  and 
that  Mr.  Clark  might  have  known 
this,  had  he  reflected  on  the  word 
joined  to  balloon,  '  like  windy  bal- 
looncs  bnmide  ; '  the  ball,  at  the  game 
of  Pallane,  bounding  instantly  from 
the  racket,  the  side  wall;«,  and  the 
floor  J  but  we  never  heard  of  air-bal- 
laons  Itounding  in  the  air.  From  the  large 
air-ftUil  hnlh  used  in  the  Italian 
game,  did  nur  lialioons,  similarly  In- 
tlated,  take  this  name.  J.  M. 


Mr.  Uhban, 


Trinity  College, 
OTfvrd.Nov.24. 
THERE  arc  certain  items  in  the 
parochial  accounts  of  the  churchwar- 
dens, or  proctors,  of  several  churches 
and  chapels  in  Oxfonl,  transcribed  and 
preserved  in  Wood's  manuscripts  in 
the  Ashmoleon  Museum,  which  may 
serve  incidentally  to  illustrate  the  an- 
cient custom  of  burning  odious  persons 
in  eiHgy,  to  amuse  the  populace.  It  is 
not  perhaps  generally  known,  that  be- 
fore the  Reformation,  when  the  public 
amusements  of  the  people  were  sys- 
tematically interwoven  with  the  cere- 
monies of  religion,  encouragement 
was  given  to  this  popular  propensity 
on  certain  anniversaries  ;  particularly 
the  dettication  day,  which  was  gene- 
rally   followed    bv  a    whole   week  of 


J 


183&tJ 


Judas'  Light. — Anglo-Saxon  Literature. 


feasting,  rejoicing,  and  revelry.     On 
this   fe&dval,  sometimes  called    '  the 
cbarch  holiday/   the  proctors  of  tbe 
church  of  St.  Giles,  about  the  years 
1529 — 30 — 39 — 46,  regularly  charged 
the  parish  with  an  item  of  Jd.  for  a 
pound  of  •  betars  '  or  '  betters ;  '  pro- 
bably  bitters,  or  bitter  herbs  dried. 
The  us«  of  these  herbs,  as  well  as  the 
entry  itself,  has  perplexed  every  anti- 
qoary  since  tbe  time   of  Anthony  a 
Wood,    That  persevering  ant)  tndos- 
txioas  collector  of  manuscript  inAtrma- 
tioo  observes,   in   the   margin   of  his 
traascript,   '  Skinner's  Diet,  hath  not 
the  word  ; '  and  therefore  he  gices  it 
wf.    But  one  of  these  items  seems  to 
throw    some    light  on   the    subject : 
1540.    It.    for  a    pound    of 
betars  Jd.'    Another  item  oc- 
loDally,  not  only  in  these 
Ats.butintboseuf  other  churches. 
ifer  a  (touud  of  betars  for  Judas  light.' 
item. coupled  withothers, for  'wax 
for  the  dedication  day,  20d.' — '  for  a 
poond  of  wax   at    dedication  day ' — 
'  for   4    ponnd   of   wax  at   S.  Gyles 
tjrrfe  2».  Gd.' — •  It.  for  gresa  CgreaseJ 
i&tlie  dedication  day,' &c.,  leaves  us 
bat  btlle  to   imagine   respecting   the 
lue  and  object  of  these  ingredients, 
tku  mazed  together  on  the  dedication 
dsjr.    We  have  seen  multitudes  in  our 
4ky.  in  town  and  country,  attracted 
mere  cariosity,  without  any  reli- 
iDs  or  other   motive.  '  to   see  the 
.works.'     How,  then,  could  reli- 
devotees  refrain  from    flocking 
tngetber  in  crowds  to  see  the  traitor 
J«di».  whose  lively  image,  or  effigy, 
•t  may  well    suppose  was  faithfully 
frprr»cntcd  in  the  wax,  burning  gra- 
■  ma  blue  flame  like  the  tapestry 
Hooise  of  Lords  in  tlie  latt*  con- 
ho  well  described  by  your 
:   at    A.   J.    K.   (vol.  ii.   p. 
r  his  bitter  smoke  ascended 
moke  of  a  furnace,     (See 
i  wjin-s   wxvii    20,    Ixviii.   3,    Isaiah, 
nd  Revelation  of  St.  John,  passim.) 
K"^—   :i   •►•i-=fige  of  Virgii  we  may 
L  this  ancient  practice 

-. --.u^   j.-ii!>ns  in  effigy,  as  per- 

iacned  among  other  rites  of  classical 
fatfaantsncnt. 

'  limas  at  hie  dorescit,  et  hoc  ttt  cera 
h^vfseit.^ 

r     operations    were    attributed 

liiakrr    in  witchcraft   ill    the 

But  enough  has  been 


43 

said,  it  is  hoped,  to  explain  the  nature 
of  this  '  Judas'  light,  '  and  to  prove 
that  it  was  usually  exbiliUed  on  the 
dedication  day.  or  anniversary  of  St. 
Giles,  in  the  church  called  after  his 
name  in  Oxford,  before  the  assembled 
multitudes :  being  a  com  pound  of 
wax,  grease,  and  bitter  herbs,  fornred 
into  an  efEgy  of  the  •  betrayer  of  hts 
lord  ; '  the  burning  of  whom  thus  pub- 
licly was  supposed  to  be  instrumental 
in  excitioga  spirit  of  devotion.  For  it 
was  a  proverbial  malediction  of  the 
earliest  ages,  that  the  wicked  should 
have  their  portion  with  the  traitor 
Judas,  '  cum  Juda  proditore,'  in  ever- 
lasting flames.  This  malediction  is 
usually  appended  to  ancient  charters, 
as  a  kind  of  technical  or  legal  for- 
raality,  iodtances  of  which  arc  too 
numerous  to  be  quoted ;  but  some 
have  been  recently  made  known  by 
the  "  Kegistrum  Wiltunense"  of  Sir 
Kichard  Colt  Hoarc,  In  one  example, 
however,  we  find  a  departure  from  the 
general  punishment  of  the  wicked  by 
Jlre.  The  compiler  of  a  charter,  grant- 
ing three  hides  of  land  at  Langford  to 
Wilton  Abbey,  in  the  year  3t>3,  de- 
nounces the  punishment  of  keen  blasts 
of  fcc,  orgiaciert,  instead  of  fire;  consi- 
dering this,  probably,  as  more  tremen- 
dous to  the  inhRbitnnts  of  a  northern 
latitude  :  "  perpcssus  sit  gclidis  gla- 
cierum  fiatibus,"  &c.  J.  1. 

P.S.  TTie  writer  of  this  article,  at  the 
snme  time  that  he  rejoices  to  witness 
the  revival  of  Saxon  literature,  to 
which  he  trusts  he  has  in  some  humble 
degree  contributed,  regrets,  with  many 
others,  the  personal  controversies 
which  it  has  occasioned.  For  him- 
self, he  takes  this  opportunity  of  dis- 
claiming all  participation  in  such  un- 
seemly warfare.  This  disclaimer  he 
should  not  have  tliought  necessary, 
had  not  the  signature  of  i.  I.  been 
used  and  quoted  by  some  writers,  and 
an  allusion  made  by  another  to  a  cause 
"  pending  between  Trin.  Cull,  i'amb. 
and  'IVin.  Cult.  Oxon."  What  the 
latter  corporation  has  to  do  with  the 
cause,  is  not  quite  clear ;  and  the 
former  is  no  further  concerned  in  it, 
than  that  old  Abraham  Wheloc,  the 
editor  of  Alfred's  Bode,  with  other 
valuable  works  in  the  17th  century, 
and  Mr.  Kemble,  a  young  Saxonist  of 
great  promise  in  the  nineteenth  cen- 


44 


The  Pantheon  Bazaar. — Papier  MachS. 


[JoD. 


liiry,  happen  to  have  been  both  ad- 
mitted metiibers  of  that  same  society. 
May  the  scion  prove  worthy  of  the 
original  plant  !  VVhcloc  has  done 
much ;    may    Mr.   KemUlc   do  more ! 


What  says  Scaligcr  ?  "  Utiberale  faci- 
nu9,propterncscioquasvcrboram  quis- 
quiiiasj  &c.  nlioium  hominnm  erudi- 
tionem  atque  adeo  totum  nomen  cl 
famam  in  periculum  vocare." 


THE  PANTHEON  BAZAAR. 


IN  the  accompanying  Plate,  our 
readers  ore  preoenlod  with  a  view  of 
th«  iMgnificent  building  which  has 
raeCMilcd  the  old  Theatre  called  the 
PtOtheon,  in  Oxford -street.  The  spot 
on  which  our  grandfathers  spent  some 
of  their  idlest  hours,  and  induljjcd  in 
r«jvelri(?»  which  have  never  been  found 
thorniii^hly  to  assimilate  with  English 
ninnnnr*,*  ha-i  now  become  tht'  scene 
of  patient  industry,  and  busy  though 
cIcKhnt  tralKc. 

Ilnvin;;  already,  in  our  numhcr  for 
July.  p.  n7,  ({ivcn  a  description  of  the 
building;,  withweJl-mcritcd  encomiums 
on  the  dc»i?;n8  of  the  architect,  Mr. 
Sydney  Smirke,  we  tihall  only  repeat, 
tJiat  tlie  ^reat  salnnn,  re|ire)ieiited  in 
the  plaU'.  it*  116  ftivt  lufig  by  t«)fect 
wide ;  thftt  the  aruber4i|ue  paintings 
arc  I'xecutetl  in  oil-cnlour5,  having 
a  very  gay  and  lively  effect,  without 
lawdrincA)! ;  and  that  the  other  ornn- 
mcnt»  with  which  Mr.  Sydney  Smirke 
has  »o  hi|;bly  rni Icketl  bin  architecture, 
•re  hII  executed  in  an  improved  kind 
of  pupier  mnche,  a  material  the  ad- 
vantii^ea  of  which  arc  so  upparent,  that 
we  muMt  reKard  it«  introduction  as  a 
new  lera  in  the  style  nf  internal  deco- 
ration, and  ihrrcfore  consider  it  de- 
serving of  a  little  further  notice. 

It  would  be  dillicult  to  truce  the 
orifcin  of  the  art  of  niukini,;  plastic 
ornaments  of  paper  ;  but  it  \s  clear 
that  it  woa  conHJderably  practiseil 
more  than  two  centuries  upo.  Many 
of  the  <lni>  (dd  ceilings,  in  deep  relief. 
ofUvo  iCliulictbaocra.  are  of  Ihis  mate- 


rial.  There  are  also  several  handsome 
ceilings  at  Chcotcrficld  House.  Dur- 
ing the  early  part  of  the  last  century  it 
was  also  considerably  in  use.  Smith, 
in  his  Life  of  Nnllekins,  mentions  a 
ciirioasly  ornamentpd  ceiling  of  this 
material,  in  the  parlour  of  No.  41, 
Leicester-fields,  which  is  p.iinted  in 
imitation  of  parts  of  the  ceiling  of 
Whitehall  Chapel.  On  the  front  of  a 
house  in  the  Strand  arc  three  profiles 
of  the  three  first  Georges,  which  arc 
formed  of  papifr  machi. 

For  many  year^  a  considerable  trade 
was  carried  on  in  this  manufacture ; 
until  a  change  took  place  in  the  gene- 
ral style  of  architectural  ornament, 
and  the  small  shallow  patterns 
which  were  introduced  by  the  Adams's, 
led  to  the  substitution  of  a  composi-* 
tion.  in  which  piitty  is  the  chief  ingre- 
dient. For  shallow  ornaments  of  that 
description  the  composition  is,  per- 
haps, still  most  suitable  ;  but  it  is  not 
capable  of  taking  forms  in  which  bold- 
ness and  depth  arc  required.  The  raaia 
difference  of  Mr.  Charles  Bielefeld's 
papier  moche  from  that  of  the  old 
manufacturers,  is,  that  it  is  made  all  in 
one  mass,  and  not  in  successive  layers, 
and  can  be  much  more  rapidly  dried. 
lt%  merits  are,  that  the  artist  can  not 
only  infinitely  surpass,  in  boldness  and 
relii'f,  works  executed  in  plaster  or 
putty  cnm|K>3itiun ;  but  he  can  fully 
equal,  in  sharpness  and  effect,  the  most 
eialxirate  wood  carvings.  Its  dura- 
bdity  is  proved  by  the  ancient  works 
alreaxly  mentioned ;  its  expense  is  leas 


*  Tlie  ulJ  Punthnin  wiiamaikt  n'iniirkniilc  fnr  its  mnsqucrades,  wbich  for  a  time 
certainly  ftmlilunnlilr ;  mill  >n%t\\r  of  tlic  prititu  moHt  illuistrativc  of  the  ouuiuers  and  oos- 
tiinii-  i'f  tlir-  liui  rcMrtiry,  itn*  lbit«i'  of  llic  motley  (groups  at  thi*  Theatre.  On  one  of 
them  by  Mnrtin,  iiulilixhrd  liy  W.  Iliinnilirry,  IT7-,  we  find  'Jiis  MS.  note,  by  the 
Utc  Re*.  Stiiphrii  Wmtoii ;— "  Ri){(rr  Pabitrr  of  Oifonl-street,  WA,  is  in  the  ripbt- 
band  iMirnur,  ■ijutiwini;."  Thi«  is  the  nimrr  worthy  of  remark,  as  the  fij^nre  mi^ht 
hn  mistaken  for  Wilk»».  |q  |*m4  the  I'antht-on  wiw  tihrd  uji  for  the  Commemora' 
tinn  of  llHiidcl  by  Mr.  .fanes  Wjratt  (the  nrigiaid  arcliitect  nf  the  structure),  as  shown 
in  «  plate  tii  tlir  Kuni)>rAa  Mwaalne:  in  thi;  kamr  yenr  l.unardi's  boilooa  was  exhi- 
btted  tbi-n-.  <»f  wlo.h  tti-  I  -  uX  with  rb-vir  tlRUres,  by  P.  G.   Byron.     At 

■MUwr  limr,  llir  frrriif  '  .if  Mr.  H.  M'iUon  and  Mr.  Luhb  wm  $tis 

]Mia4«<l  la  liir'l'heqlrr,  iit  ;    .i  (|uarto  plate,  drawn  by  M.  A.  Ruoker,  und 

ruf raved  by  J.  Uaiirr. 


J 


1835.]     The  Roynl  Society  of  Literature,  and  the  Holkham  MSS.        45 


than  the  compositioD,  and  does  not 
uceed  that  of  plaster.  It  iscitremely 
light ;  oud,  vthaX.  is  frequently  deemed 
of  the  greatest  importance  in  these 
days  of  rapid  work,  it  can  be  fastened 
with  wonderful  facility  and  dispatch 
to  wood  or  plaster,  by  brads,  needle- 
jKiints,  &c,;  and,  being  dry  before  it  is 
put  up,  ia  immediately  ready  for  paint- 
ing, nnd  requires  but  little  preparation 
for  gildiog. 

Ail  thete  advantages  were  conspi- 
cuously displayed  in  the  execution  of 
tliK  ornaments  of  the  Pantlienn.  The 
whole  were  modelled,  manufactured, 
fixed  up,  and  painted,  witliin  alniut 
four  months,  during  the  depth  of  win- 
ter ;  and.  as  the  building  itself  wa^ 
raised  during  little  more  than  the 
^aine  time,  there  was.  of  course,  an 
immense  quantity  of  moisture  in  the 
walls  and  ceilings,  which  could  be 
dispelled  only  by  a  degree  of  artificial 
heat,  which  would  have  pioved  the  de- 
struction of  enrichments  executed  in 
any  other  material.  We  will  only 
add,  with  respect  to  the  Pantheon,  that 
the  manner  in  which  the  embossed 
figures  arc  relieved  by  tinted  back 
grounds,  has  the  happiest  effect. 

The  public,  however,  will  be  iatP- 
rested  to  be  informed,  that  this  useful 
material  will  be  brought  into  play  for 
the  garniture  uf  the  two  Chambers 
which  it  has  become  necessary  to  pre- 
pare at  i*uch  s.hort  notice  furtlie  meet- 
ing of  ParliamL-nt.  Tlie  House  of 
Commons  will  wear  a  plain  and  aober 
appearance,  the  ornaments  being  con- 
fined to  the  bosses  of  the  ceiling,  the 
(speaker's  chair,  and  the  Royal  arms ; 
but  the  House  of  Lords  *  w^ill  have  a 


ribbed  ceiling,  with  corbels  and  pen- 
dants, which  will  furnish  some  speci- 
men of  Mr.  Charles  Bielefeld's  skill  in 
imitating  the  forms  of  the  old  can'ings, 
with  which  the  ancient  ecclesiastical 
and  domestic  architecture  of  England 
was  so  profusely  adorned. 


Ma.  Ubban.     Gm{ford'»t.  Dec.  8. 

IN  your  Number  for  October,  you 
gave  a  brief  notice  of  the  papers  con^ 
tained  in  the  last  volume  of  the  Tran- 
sactions  of  tlie  Royal  Society  of  Lite- 
rature. I  am  induced  to  trouble  you 
with  a  few  remarks  on  one  of  tliese 
papers,  that  of  the  late  Mr.  Ro6coe 
on  tiie  Manuscript  Library  at  Holk- 
ham. On  reading  it  i  was  struck  with 
the  inaccuracy  with  which  it  is  print- 
ed, an  inaccuracy  which  docs  great 
injustice  to  the  memory  of  the  au- 
thor of  the  Lives  of  Lorcu/u  dc' 
Medici  and  Leo  X.  It  is  to  this  in- 
accuracy I  must  confine  my  remarks, 
as  1  have  never  seen  the  Holkham  MSS. 
except  two  or  three  of  the  fine  Evunye- 
lia  in  metallic  bindings,  which  some 
years  since  1  saw  at  tlie  house  of  a 
friend  to  whom  Mr.  Cuke  had  lent  them. 

Of  the  clerical  errors  which  occur, 
arising  either  from  mistakes  in  read- 
ing Mr.  Roscoe'a  writing,  or  from 
carelessness  in  correcting  the  proof 
sheets,  it  may  suffice  to  instance 
'  Auasta/ius'  for  '  Anastasius,'  '  Mat- 
tharus  Qucenur'  for  '  Malthu^us  QuiEs- 
tor,'  '  Johanni's  Cassianus,'  '  Scda- 
linu,'  for  Sedulius,  '  Galficdus  Ismola- 
nuj,'  (for.  1  suppose,  '  Vinosalvus,') 
•Abbas  Sancti  Baronis't  for  Abbas 
Sancti  Bavonis.'    Mr.  Uoscoe  is  made 


•  Mr.  T.  Kcarnan  is  making:  a  drawing  of  the  interior  of  the  House,  which  is 
now  in  a  state  of  ^eat  forwardness,  with  a  view  to  publication. 

t  This  n;fcrs  to  Rapbnel  dc  MiircHtellis  '  Episfopuis  Rosensis,'  Ablwt  of  the  cele- 
brated monastery  of  St.  Baro  at  Ghent,  one  of  the  sixteen  nntiiml  children  of  Philip 
the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  and  brother  of  ChArles  the  Bold.  He  died  in  1.S0H. 
M.  de  llarantc  (Hist.  de«  Dues  de  Buurgoje^e,  loin.  viii.  p,  .S&P,)  e»l]s  him  merely 
*  Rapharl  de  Bourgogno,  Abbot  of  St.  Bavo,'  and  says  nothing  of  Lis  (lii«hoprick  ; 
Anoi'ltne  (Hist,  (it-neal.  de  France,  torn.  i.  p.  £44,)  rays  that  be  dorived  his  name 
'  De  Marcatelli^  *  from  his  mother,  and  styles  him  *  Ev^|ue  de  Roten ,'  and  the 
word»  '  Episcopus  Ruaenxis'  are  traoshited  '  Bishop  o/  Jioten,^  in  Mr.  Koscoe's  Es- 
say (Trann.  vol.  ii.  p.  368.)  I  cannot  find  any  account  of  this  Sec,  and  I  am  at  a 
lo«s  re*pecting  it,  I  shall  he  very  glad  if  any  of  your  readers  ran  identify  the  dio- 
cese. A  short  life  of  Rapbnel  de  Miircateliis  i.s  given  by  Ssudcr  (De  Rebus  Ganda- 
Tcnsibua,  p.  368,}  in  his  account  of  the  Abbots  of  St.  Bavo,  where  he  calls  him 
'  Episcopus  Rosensis,'  and  also  in  hit;  IwMk  '  De  Gnndavcnsibus  crnilitione  claris,' 
i».  116,  where,  evidently  in  error,  he  calls  him  EpUcojiu*  Huffeutit,  By  Gminiiye,  in 
riis  '  PrimitiK  Antic|uilntum  Goiidensium,'  p.  44,  be  is  ucntioued  as  Raj 
Mar  Epi*copu»  Hnffetrnt.  This  prelate  was  a  great  collvrtor  of  manusi-ripta 
My*  uf  him,  "  Frwaul  vel  ob  cam  cauMun  singulari  laude  4.lignus,  quod  bi) 


Mr.  Roscoe'f  Essay  on  the  Holkham  MSS. 


[Jan. 


to  quote  '  the  Menaginm.'  We  meet 
with  '  Philflphus/  '  Lupus  Castelli- 
unculus,'  '  MarsiliuB  Fvinus.'  '  Gua- 
drio,'  *  Gionotto  Donati.'  'Lord  Buck- 
horst,'  'Nicola*  Uptoni  de  officio  mi- 
litari,'  &c.  &c.  We  have  even  in 
three  several  places  '  Lord  C  T.  Coke' 
for  Lord  Chief  Justice  Coke.  It  may 
be  said  that  it  is  being  captious  to 
criticise  severely  what  are  simply 
errors  of  the  press,  and  that  some 
errors  are  unavoidable,  as  no  doubt 
they  are ;  but  when  they  become  so 
numerous  and  so  grave,  as  quite  to 
disdgare  a  deceased  author's  work,  it 
19  but  justice  to  his  memory  to  point 
them  out.  There  are  some,  however, 
which  can  scarcely  be  qualifis?d  as 
"  errors  of  the  press,'  yet  cannot  be 
lbou(?ht  those  of  Mr,  Roscoe  ;  for  in» 
stance,  *  Fra  Martinw*/  '  Pier-Caa- 
dtd««  Decembriui,'  '  GuUelmut  Ornino, 
Gran    Concellicre    di    Krancia,'    &c. 


These  Itolo-Latin  compooods  I  can- 
not imagine  to  have  been  in  his  MS. 
1  can  only  suppose  the  terminations 
of  abbreviated  names  to  have  been 
hastily  and  inaccurately  supplied  by 
the  editor.  From  the  manner  in 
which,  throughout  the  paper,  the  names 
of  Italian  writers  arc  given  sometimesj 
in  Italian,  sometimes  in  Latin,  a  pr 
tice  quite  inconsistent  with  Mr,  ' 
coe's  avowed  opinions, f  and  at  va- 
riance wilh>that  which  he  adopted  in 
the  works  published  to  his  lifetime^ 
together  with  the  apparently  hasty 
composition  of  the  Essay,  1  conceive 
tltet  it  was  not  intended  by  htm  for 
publictttirm,  at  U-ast  in  the  form  in 
which  it  is  now  given  to  the  world, 
but  only  for  perusal  at  the  meetings 
of  the  Society ;  to  use  his  own  words, 
when  speaking  of  his  contemplated 
Catalogue  of  the  Holkham  Maou- 
scrtptB,  *'  as  this  work  (the  Catalogue)'^ 


■ui  coenobii  variia  codicibus  manuscrijiHs  aoxerit,  mofnomque  illiua  partem  stunp- 
tuosc  nilmtiduin  ml  jiiajore.a  studioruni  illpcebras  compingi  curavit,  quorum  rolumi* 
nnm  aliqua  hodie  adhuc  in  bibliotbeca  Cathedralis  Ecclei^iiE  Gandenais  visuntur  olo- 
schco  byHsoqne  tecta  ac  auro  fulgida."  It  appears  from  Mr.  Roscoe'^  Essay,  (hat 
Mr.  Coke  posaesses  several  manuscripts  formerly  in  this*  eollpt-tinn,  and  in  the  ISritish 
Museum  there  is  a  very  fine  manuscript  (Bibl.  Arundel.  93,)  wiih  the  name  of  Ra- 
phael de  Marcatedis,  and  having  tbi«  coat  of  arms  :  Guks,  a  fess  caibiittled  counter- 
embattled  Argent.  This  bearing  was  tJiat  of  the  family  of  lluren.  From  Lord 
Aninik-rs  having  pnasefiscd  this  MS.  we  may  bcUove  the  coUectton  to  have  been  dia- 
IH-TfH-d  in  the  earlier  part  of  the  aeventcemth  century. 

f  "  The  prac tire  whiirh  1  have  btrctafore  adopted  of  designating  the  scholars  of 
Italy  by  their  notional  appdlatjons,  has  given  rise  to  some  nnimailversiona.  In  an- J 
swer  Ui  which  I  l»eg  to  remark,  that  whoever  is  cunversant  with  history,  must  fre- 
quently hnve  observed  the  difficulties  which  ari.'^e  from  the  wanton  alterat)oui«,  in  the 
names  of  both  persons  and  places,  hy  authurs  of  differeut  countries,  and  particularly 
by  the  French,  who,  without  hesitation,  accommodate  every  thing  tu  the  genius  of 
their  own  language.  Hence  the  names  of  all  the  eminent  men  of  Greece,  of  Rome, 
or  of  Italy,  are  melted  down,  and  apjiear  again  in  such  a  form  as  would  not  in  all 
probability  have  been  recogniicd  by  their  proper  owners  ;  Lionj^sius  is  Denyt,  Titiu 
Livius  77/f  Lite,  Horatius  Horace,  Petrarca  Petrarque,  and  Pico  of  Miratidnia  Pie 
de  Mirandole.  As  tht  literature  which  this  cnuntry  derived  from  Italy  was  tirst  ob- 
tained tlirough  the  medium  of  the  French,  our  early  authors  followed  them  in  thia' 
rcs|M'ct,  aud  thereby  Hanctiotied  tliosc  inncivattous  which  the  nature  of  our  own  lan- 
guage did  not  re(|uirc.  It  is  mill  more  to  be  regrettcil  that  we  are  not  uniform,  even 
in  nur  ahufte.  Tlir  name  of  Horace  is  familiar  to  the  English  reader ;  but  if  he  wero 
l<ild  of  the  three  Horace*,  he  would  probably  be  at  a  luss  to  discover  the  personam 
meant,  the  authurs  of  our  country  having  commonly  given  them  the  appellation  of 
thr  Horadi.  Iw  the  instnuiv  of  such  names  as  are  familiar  to  our  early  literature,  we 
»dupt  wifli  the  Frrnch  the  alihreviated  appellation  ;  but  in  latter  times  we  usually 
t-Miploy  prt<|>er  ontionol  dititiuction.<<,  and  instead  of  Ariotie,  or  Afetattane,  we  write 
wiliiout  huftitntion,  Ariotla  or  Metattauin.  This  inconsistency  is  more  sensibly  felt, 
when  the  nhbrevintrd  ajipellation  of  oae  scholar  ts  contrasted  with  the  national  dis- 
tinction of  another,  »u»  when  a  letter  is  nildnssed  by  Petrnrch  to  Colucdo  Salutati, 
or  by  Poittian  In  Krmalau  ttarharo,  nr  Baccia  Vifotini,  For  tbe  sake  of  uniformity, 
it  is  eurrly  de«ir«l>lc  that  every  writer  should  conform  as  much  a.i  )iO!<i>ible  to  some 
general  rule,  which  can  only  be  found  by  a  rcfereace  of  every  pro]»er  name  to  the 
•tandard  of  iu  proper  country.  Tliis  method  would  not  only  avoid  the  incongruitica 
brfore  mrii(iiiri«'il,  but  «^<)«dd  l>e  produi-ti\c  of  |M9»itive  advantages,  as  it  would  io 
grnersl  |Kiint  out  Uie  nation  ofthr  {tenua  spoken  of,  without  the  necessity  of  further 
indication."  — I'ref.  to  Leo  X. 


1835.] 


Letter$  of  Djfer  the  Poet  and  Dr.  Johnson. 


47 


will,  from  the  nature  of  the  decorations 
by  which  it  is  intended  to  be  accom- 
panied, require  some  time  for  its  com- 
pletion, a  general  view  of  the  collec- 
tion may  not,  in  the  interim,  be  un- 
acceptable to  the  Society."  It  is  cer- 
tainly to  be  lamented  that  a  paper, 
read  before  the  Society  in  the  early 
part  of  the  year  1826,  if  it  ever  were 
designed  for  the  press,  should  not  be 
printed  till  the  year  1834,  long  after 
the  author's  death,  and  then  in  a 
unworthy  of  his  high  reputa- 


tion. I  have  only  to  express  my  re- 
gret, as  a  member  of  the  Society,  that 
the  proof  sheets  of  Mr.  Roscoe's  es- 
say were  not  submitted  to  Sir  Frede- 
rick Madden  ;  who  having  completed 
the  descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Holk- 
ham  Collection  of  MSS.  must  be  too 
well  acquainted  with  their  subjects,  to 
have  suffered  such  errors  as  those 
pointed  out,  and  others  not  mentioned 
now,  to  remain  on  the  pages  of  the 
Society's  Transactions. 

Yours,  &c.  John  Holmes. 


MEMORIALS  OF  LITERARY  CHARACTERS,  No.  V. 


DTER  THB  POET  TO  MB.  DOOSLEY. 

SiB,  —  You  sh<<  have  had  my  thanks 
before  now  for  your  handsome  publica- 
tion of  the  Fleece,  had  I  not  flattered 
myself  with  a  journey  to  town,  and 
w^  seeing  yon ;  but  very  ill  health  still 
confines  me,  and  I  almost  despair  of 
the  journey. 

If  the  poem  sh"*  come  to  a  2''  edi- 
tion, be  pleased,  in  particular,  to  make 
this  necessary  correction  in  1. 72,  B.  i. 
Or  marl  with  clay  deep-miz'd, 

either  by  restoring  the  1.  of  the  copy. 

Or  heavy  marl's  deep  clay,  &c. 

or  by  this  1. 

Or  depth  of  heavy  marl,  be  then  thy 
choice. 

The  absurdity  of  marl  w<*  clay  deep 
miu'd  is  very  glaring  to  us  graziers. 

Pray  strike  out  also  in  1.  89,  B.  i. 
Mpltmd  ridge,  and  replace  shelt'ring 
mand. 

For  my  own  part  I  am  not  much 
pleased  with  the  run  of  these  verses, 

1.6and7, 

— —  Ye  good  of  all 
Screes,  all  sects,  be  present  to  my  song. 

I  think  it  had  better  be  thus  : 
Vkom  pablic  voice,  to  the  great  charge 

assigns, 
Or  lot  of  birth  :  ye  good,  of  all  degrees, 
futiet,  and  sects,  be  present  to  my  song. 

L.  48,  1.  1,  had  better  give  place  to 
this  of  the  copy, 

Vbeie  moss-grey  Stonehenge  lonely  so- 
lemn nodds  *, 
Or 

^ien  solitary  Stonehenge  solemn  nods ; 
Koin  of  ages ;  such  the  matted  leas,  &c. 

Crrey  with  most  is  not  so  poetical. 

1  hope  these  remarks  will  be  agree- 


able to  you.  If  you  are  inclined  to 
make  use  of  them,  or  any  others  which 
I  may  send  you,  be  pleased  to  ac- 
quaint me.  I  have  no  frank,  and  will 
be  your  debtor  for  postage. 

I  am.  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 
Coningutjf,  near         John  Dybb. 
Homcattle,  May  12,  1757. 

Note  by  Isaac  Reed  : 

The  portrait  of  Mr.  Dyer,  prefixed 
to  Johnson's  and  Bell's  editions  of  the 
Poets,  belongs  to  another  Mr.  Dyer, 
who  is  mentioned  in  Hawkins's  Life 
of  Johnson. 


DR.  JOHNSON  TO  DR.  FARMER. 

Sir.  (July  22,  1777-) 

THE  booksellers  of  London  have 
undertaken  a  kind  of  body  of  English 
Poetry,  excluding  generally  the  dramas, 
and  I  have  undertaken  to  put  before 
each  authour's  works  a  sketch  of  his 
life,  and  a  character  of  his  writings. 
Of  some,  however,  I  know  verj'  little, 
and  am  afraid  I  shall  not  easily  sup- 
ply my  deficiencies.  Be  pleased  to 
inform  mc  whether  among  Mr.  Ba- 
ker's manuscripts,  or  any  where  else 
at  Cambridge,  any  materials  are  to  be 
found.  If  any  such  collection  can  be 
gleaned,  I  doubt  not  of  your  willing- 
ness to  direct  our  search,  and  will  tell 
the  booksellers  to  employ  a  transcriber. 
If  you  think  my  inspection  necessary, 
I  will  come  down ;  for  who  that  has 
once  experienced  the  civilities  of  Cam- 
bridge would  not  snatch  the  opportu- 
nity of  another  visit  ? 

I  am.  Sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 
Sam.  Johnson. 
Bolt-court,  Fleet-street,  July  22,  1777. 
7b  Dr.Farmer,  EmanuelColl.  Cambridge. 


46 


Memorials  of  Literary  Characlers. 


[J. 


t.RTTERS    OF   THE    HIQHT    HON.    CHARLES    FOX    TO    UKNM8    o'BRTEN,    B8Q,  * 


Deak  O'Bbyew,    (June  4,  1802.) 

WITH  respect  to  leaving  Parlia- 
ment, my  mind  h  all  but  made  up 
upon  the  subject.  I  know  not  who  b 
for,  or  who  against  it ;  nor  indeed,  as 
my  own  ease  and  happiness  are  the 
conaiderationd  which  principally  in- 
HneDceme.  ia  it  material  that  I  should. 
Of  course  you  wtU  not  suspect  me  of 
being  80  selfish  as  to  give  way  to 
motives  of  thia  kind,  if,  per  contra, 
there  were  any  prospect  that  the  sa- 
crifice I  might  pemonally  make,  might 
be  beneficial  to  the  publtck  or  even  to 
my  friends;  but  this  cannot  I  think 
be  contended  by  the  moat  sanguine. 
There  is  one  ar^iument  which  you  have 
urged  in  your  lust  letter,  which  I  must 
entreat  you,  if  you  have  any  kindness 
for  me,  never  to  touch  upon  again, 
even  in  the  niost  distant  way.  It  h  a 
posbibility  which  I  neither  can  nor 
will  think  of,  and  pray  never  recall  it 
again  to  my  raind,  no  not  so  much  ns 
by  noticing  this  paragraph  of  my  let- 
ter. Pray  comply  with  this  weakness 
of  mine,  if  it  be  weakness,  in  the  moat 
littcral  manner,  by  not  even  tatfinff 
that  you  will  du  so. 

I  learo  from  Adam  that  he  is  enabled 
to  do  something  with  respect  to  some 
of  the  mo»t  pressing  Demands,  so  that 
for  the  present  you  are  free  from  im- 
mediate alarm.  Now  shew  bow  yon 
can  use  such  an  interval.  As  to  the 
parHamontar\'  plan  I  sec  less  hope 
than  ever ;  there  can  be  no  objection 
however  to  your  mentioning  it  to 
Adam,  who  will,  if  In-  cfm,  point  out 
iHmie  way,  and  if  he  would,  I  would  do 
my  part ;  l)ut  I  confess  I  sec  no  light. 

Now  you  have  Used  yourself  to  stage 
roach  hour*.  1  hope  you  w»l!  come 
again  soon,  and  perhaps  before  we 
come  to  Ilryden,  you  may  help  me  a 
little  in  history.  "  If  Mrs.  H.  comes, 
I  hope  you  will  of  ccmrsc.  Fine 
weathrr  again,  but  no  hay  fur  me. 
Yours  ever,  C.  J.  F. 

St.  Anne'$  Hill,  Friday. 


Dkah  O'Brven.   (Jfi/y31.1802.) 

I  HAVE  received  of  yours  the 
packet  by  the  coach,  containing  the 
letters  which  I  return,  as  also  (sent 
rac  from  St.  Anne's,  where  you  di- 
rected it,  though  I  had  told  you  I 
should  leave  home  before  the  po^rt 
came  in)  the  short  note  with  the  ac- 
count of  Wednesday's  poll,  and  now 
your  letter  by  post.  That  by  the 
machine  I  have  not  yet,  but  will  send 
to  intjuire  for.  The  victory  has  been 
great  indeed,  but  none  of  your  letters 
give  the  least  idea  how  the  numbers  of 
the  two  la-Ht  days  were  obtained.^ 
Monday  and  Tuesday,  though  pretty 
good,  were  not  out  of  the  course  of 
things  ;  but  the  two  lost  days  must  be 
owing  at  least  to  some  new  discovery. 

1  do  not  feel  about  Erskine's  letter 
as  you  do  at  all.  1  think  his  suc- 
ceeding P.  Ardtn  would  be  a  very  de- 
sirable thing,  and  by  no  means  dis- 
lionourablc  to  himself.  Now  to  the 
material  part  of  your  packet,  Bona- 
parte's reception  of  rac,  what  it  will 
be  I  know  not,  nor  do  1  fn  fact  much 
care ;  but  I  do  care  very  much  almut 
what  you  hint,  1  mean  the  taking  of 
any  measures,  however  indirect,  to 
ensure  a  good  reception.  I  do  most 
earnestly  entreat  you  and  all  other 
friends  not  to  take  any  step,  however 
secret,  or  as  I  said  indirect,  to  that 
purpose.  If  he  receives  me  well,  it 
may  be  a  little  flattering  to  the  vanity 
of  Borae  who  love  roc,  not  to  my  own 
upon  ray  honour,  and  that  they  should 
be  pleased  is  I  own  an  object ;  jf  he 
does  not  receive  me  well,  I  can  not 
think  on  the  other  hand  that  it  will  be 
a  great  mortification  to  any  of  you,  or 
that  in  Knglaml  or  in  Euro|!e,  gene- 
rally iipeaking,  or  even  in  France,  I 
shall  be  esteemed  the  less.  J  I  have  no 
time  to  write  more. 

Y"  ever.  C.  J.  Fox. 

Docrr,  Saturday  momiHg, 

P.  S.  We  expect  to  embark  in  about 
ap  hour ;  the  day  is  fine  and  wind  fair. 


•  or  C'nurn  ^trn-f,  «<««>!      M«   dird  i(  Murimtr,  Aug.  11,  1M«,  »(r4  77,  Jind  hi»  puliliritl  rorir 
'  "fii  liAi  tN!«ii  leiriiUy  (oU  Uy  Mr.  ['',t*o*.     Ata  iin|H>rC<i><l 

10    tK!7.   ri*i|>r('lin(  llip   Hilt  ('liil>,  hm  vhhc  Mi:ii  pub' 


I  Mf.  p. 
bin.    H«  V. 
k«««  tilled  b;  ill*  l'«ii«uii  wjti 


l!ir  C'oinui'T  l.uti 


I'l  Ilir  l.llriity   CaXCttv  of  Lhrt.  (i. 

tiM:  i.l  V|.t.  md  nftrrwAriii  liliird  with 
I'Vl'*;  w  much  «o,  tlut  he  U  t»t4  (o  lt«tv 
(liOadou  EvL'Qini  l'i>«t,  Srpt,  il.) 


i 


1833.]  Will  of  John  Gower  the  Poet,  amo  1108.  49. 

WILL   OF   JOHN    GOWER   THE    POET,    ANNO    1408. 


The  Will  of  the  Poet  Goweh,  printed  In  Cough's  Sepulchral  Monuments 
of  Great  Britain,  vol.  ii.  p.  '2^,  was  reprinted  in  Toon's  Ii-kustkations  op 
Gow  EK  AND  Chaucer,  pp.  87-90,  and  again  in  the  Kctrospective  Renew, 
New  Series,  vol.  ii.  103,  where  many  interesting  particulars  respecting  the 
family  of  (iower  maybe  found.  It  is  evident>  however,  upon  a  collation  of 
these  several  printed  copies  with  the  record  iu  the  first  Register  of  Arch- 
bishop Arundel,  remaining  in  the  archives  of  Lambeth  Palace,  that  they 
were  never  compared  with  that  Record. 

As  the  Will  of  tliis  early  Poet  has  been  considered  of  sufficient  interest 
to  attract  frequent  attention,  it  is  certainly  desirable  that  it  should  appear 
with  all  possible  accuracy.  The  following  copy  has,  therefore,  been 
collated  literatim  with  the  Archbishop's  Register. 

W,  H.  B. 

In  Dei  noie  Amen,  Ego  Jobanncs  Gower  compos  mentis  et  in 
fide  calholica  ad  misericordiam  diii  *  dni  Bri  ibu  xpi  ex  toto  me 
coni[m]enclans  condo  testamcntum  meum  subliac  forma.  In  primis 
lego  [256  6.]  animum  meam  deo  creator!  meo  ct  corpus  metini  ad 
sepellend  in  ccclia  Canonicos  beate  marie  de  Oueres  in  loco  ad  hoc 
spialiler  deputiito.  Et  lego  Priori  dicte  ecctie  qui  p  tempore  fuerit 
quadroginta  solidos.  Itm  lego  siibpriori  viginti  g.  Itm  lego 
ciiitt  Canontco  sacerdoti  Deo  ibidem  sieruienti  xiij  S.  &  iiij  d.  cePis 
vero  Canon icis  ibidem  Nouicijs  lego  cnilit  eoa  sex  S.  &  viij  d.  ila  vt 
omes  &  sinijiili  exequias  sepulture  me[e]  deuocius  colant  orantes 
p  me.  Itm  lego  curlit  valetlo  inf*  portas  dicti  prioratus  Priori  et 
Couuentui  seruienti  duos  solidos  et  cuilit  Garcioni  xij  d.  Itm  lego 
ecctie  beate  Marie  Magdalene  xl.  H.  ad  luminaria  &  ornamenta 
dicte  ecctie.  Itm  lego  sacerdoti  ibidem  poch.  x.  S.  vi  orcl  &  orari 
facial  p  me.  Itm  lego  Mro  Cttco  ibidem  iij  S.  Itm  lego  subctico 
ij  I.  Itm  lego  iiij.  eccti[i]s  pocli  in  Soutwerk.  vj  sancle  Margarete 
sci  Georgij,  sci  Olaui.  &  sancte  Marie  Magdalene  iux"  Bermundesey 
cuilit  ea^  singillatim  xiij  S.  &.  iiij  d.  ad  ornamenta  et  Luminaria  vt 
sup«.  Et  cuilit  sacerdoti  pocti  slue  Rectori  in  cura  ibidem  p  tem- 
pore residenli  ik.  ccclic  seruienti  sex  S.  &  octo  d.  vt  orent  et  orari  p 
me  in  suis  poch  faciant  et  pcurent.  I?m  lego  magro  Ilospitalis 
sancti  Thome  Martiris  in  Sauthwerk.  xl.  B.  et  cuilit  sacerdoti  qui  est 
de  gretnio  dicii  Hospilalis.  in  eodem  seruienti  \j.  g,  &  viij  d  vt 
orent  ibidem  p  me.  Itm  lego  cuilit  sorori  pfesse  in  ditto  Honpitali 
iij  5.  8c  iiij  (t.  et  cuilit  eaij  ancille  infirmos  ciistodienti  xx.  A.  Itm 
l^o  cuilif  infirmo  inf"*  dictum  Hospitale  languenti  xij  (t.     Itm  lego 

•  The  word  domini  is  written  (wire  by  mistake, — at  the  end  of  one  line  and  begin- 
niog  of  Ihe  next.     Mr.  Todd  read  the  first  divimem. 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  HI.  H 


l: 


50  Will  0/  John  Gower  the  Poet,  amto  1  -1U8.  [Jut. 

singulis  hospitalib}  subscriplis  V5  sci  Antoni.  Elsingspiteft  Bedlem 
ex»  Byschopus  gat.  seint  mary  spiteit  iux*  Wesim  cuilit  sorori 
vbi  sunt  sorores  in  dictis  hospitalibj  pfesse  vna  cum  ancillis  et 
langueiitib)  ibidem  vt  pcipiant  singillat  motlo  vt  sup*.  iFm  lego 
cuilit  domui  leproso&  in  suburbijs  Londoii  decern  S.  ad  di^tribuend 
in?  costleni  vt  oreiit  p  me.  Ilm  lego  Priori  de  Elsingspiteft.  xJ.  5. 
et  cuilit  Canonico  sacerdoti  ibidm  fifesso  sex.  5.  et  viij.  d.  vt  orent  p 
me.  Itm  lego  ad  seruiciu  altaris  in  Capella  sancti  Johannis  Bap- 
tisle  in  qua  corpus  nieuai  scpeiiend  est  vj  duo  vestimenta  tie  panno 
serico  cum  toto  eo^  appatu  quo^  vnu  est  de  Blw  Baudkyn.  mixtO 
de  colore  albo.  Et  nliud  vestimentu  estde  albo  serico.  Itm  lego  ad 
seruiciu  dicti  altaris  vnu  missale  gf'ude  &  no[u]um  eciam  &.  vnu 
calicem  nouu  vnde  voluntas  mea  est  q^  ilicta  vestimenta  vnu  cum 
Missalc  et  Calice  maneant  imppm  tantumodo  ad  seruiciu  dicti 
altaris  &  non  alibi,  Itm  lego  Priori  et  Conuentui.  quondam  magnii 
Librum  sumptib]  meis  nouit  compositura  qui  MartilogiQ  dicil'.  sic 
q<*  in  eodem  spialeni  memoriam  scripiara  secundum  eoa  pmissa 
cotidie  habere  debeo.  It  lego  Agneti  vxori  mee  C.  ii,  l^alis 
moncte.  Itm  lego  eidem  iij  ciphos  vnu  coo{iculuni  duo  salnria  et 
xij.  Cocliar  de  argenlo.  Itm  lego  eidem  omes  lectos  meos  &  cistas. 
vna  cu  appatu  aule  panetre  coquine  &  eos  vasis  &  omibj  vtensilijs 
quibuscuniq^.  Itm  lego  eidem  vnu  calicG  et  vnu  vestimentu  p 
altare  quod  est  inf*  oratoriii  liospicij  mei.  Itm  volo  q<^  si  dicta 
Agnes  vxor  mea  diucius  me  viiiat  q*"  tunc  ipa  iibere  et  pacifice 
inme^  post  mortem  mea  ycipiat  omes  redditus  miclu  dcbilos  de 
firmis  Man' 10^  meojj  tarn  de  Soutliwett  in  Comitatu  Nortfe  q»m  de 
Multon.  in  Com  8uff'  put  in  quodam  scripto  inde  confecto  sub 
sigillo  meo  necnon  sub  sigillis  alioi  plenius  constari  poPit.  11  ulus 
autem  t^tamenti  mei  facio  [et]  constituo  cxecutores  meos  V3. 
Agnetem  vxorem  meam  drim  Arnaldum  Sauage  Militcm  dnm 
Rogerum ''  Armigerum  dnm  Wittm  Denne  Canonicii  Capelle  dni 
Regis  &  Johem  Burtofi.  Cticum.  Da't  infra  Prioratum  beate 
Marie  de  Oues  in  Sutwerk.  in  festo  assuinpcionis  be[a]te  Marie  a^. 
dni  MiUio  CCCCnM>.  viij. 

Teaore  psencium  Nos  Thomas  &c.  Notum  facimus.  vniilsis  q^ 
vicesinio  quarto  die  Me*'  Octobrts  anno  Dni  Mittio  CCCC™".  octauo 
in  Man  io  nro  de  Lamliith  pbatum  fuit  coram  nobis  testanientuin 
sup*scriptum  p  eo  &c.  cuius  pretexlu  &c  AdinTsfcioq,  omnia  Iwinoi 
dictum  testamentum  concern,  vbicunq^  &c  dilecte  in  xpo  filie  Agneti 

^  ThoB  in  the  Register  ;  the  niune  omitted. 


I 


mii  of  John  Cower  the  Poet,  anno  1408. 


vxori  sue  exec  in  eodiii  testamento  noTate  comissii  extitit  &  ^  eandfn 
atlraissa  in  debita  forma  iuris  Reseruaf  nobis  potestate  &c  In 
cuius  rei  &c.  Dat  die  Loco  Mense  et  anno  dni  supMiciis  Et 
nre  t»ns]ac  anno  lerciodecimo. 

[257  a.]  Noiierint  vniusi  p  presentcs  &c  q^  Nos  Thomas  &c  de 
fidelitate  dilecte  in  xpo  fille  Af^netis  rellcte  &  executricis  teslamenti 
el  bonox  admTst'*tricis.  Johannis  Gower  nup  defimcti  cuius  testa- 
mC'ti  p  nos  nup  tly  prero^aiiua  nre  Canl  ecctie  pro  eo  quod  idem 
defunctus  nonnulla  bona  optinuit  in  diusis  dioc  fire  Cant  puinc 
dum  viuebat  et  tempore  mortis  sue  lime  extitit  appbatum  et  ndmis- 
i*cio  bonorum  eiusdem  dlcte  Agneii  comissa.  de  &  sup  admlst*cione 
Sec  confidenics  ipam  ab  vlteriori  &c  In  cuius  rei  &t  Dat  in 
Man^io  nro  de  Lambilh.  vij"'*\  die  Mensis  Nouembris  ao.  dhi  MitHo. 
CCCC™o  octauo     Et  nre  t*nslac  anno  terciodecimo. 


RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


The  Writingn  (\f  Sir  Richard  Bhekmore,  Knt. 

OF  all  the  Eugli^lt  poct«,  who  have  Buffered  under  the  ridicule  and  satire  of 
their  contenaporaries  and  rirals,  no  name  stands  bo  cunspicuouELy  as  that  of 
Sir  Richard  Blackinore,  Knt.  When  Dr)-dcn  had  sufficiently  vented  hia  wrath 
upon  him.  Pope  mangled  him  afresh  ;  and  Swift  was  alwayjb  at  hand  to  lend 
an  additional  blow,  lliere  is,  however,  a  drop  of  comfort  in  the  bitterest  cup; 
this  the  poor  son  of  Apollo  found  in  the  high  praises  bestowed  on  him  in  his 
lifetime  by  Locke  and  Watts  ;  and  after  his  death,  his  rusty  laurels  were  cleaned 
and  polished  by  no  less  a  person  than  Dr.  Johnson.  Being,  Mr.  Editor,  not 
much  addicted  to  wit  myself,  and  not  relishing  that  kind  of  poetry  which  falls 
under  the  head  of  imaginative  and  pathetic,  1  have  found  the  poems  of  Sir 
H.  Biackmore  more  to  my  taste  (though  1  grant  it  may  be  fallible)  than  tho»e 
of  persons,  auch  as  Spenser  and  Milton,  who  are  much  more  celebrated,  though  1 
consider  not  much  more  read.  Now,  as  it  is  pleasant  to  a  humane  and  feeling 
mind  to  raise  the  injured  and  depressed,  and  a=  there  is  something  delightful 
in  discovering  beauties  in  an  author  unknown^  or  slightly  noticed  before,  I 
shall  take  tlie  liberty  of  extracting  a  few  passages  from  my  favourite,  which,  I 
think  the  most  fastidious  judgment  must  approve,  and  which  every  candid 
reader  must  allow,  have  too  long  been  buried  in  an  undeserved  obscurity.  [ 
have  been  led  to  these  reminiscences,  by  seeing  one  of  my  most  select  passages 
lately  quoted  by  Mr.  Southey  (who,  by  the  bye.  inherits  a  fine  portion  of  Black- 
more's  genius,  thoogh  it  is  a  pity  he  does  not  write  in  rhyme  and  the  heroic 
couplet,  as  his  predecessor  did,)  in  his  Life  of  Watts,  and  I  am  delighted  to  sec 
that  the  Laureate  considers  it  worthy  of  quotation,  among  innumerable  fine  pas- 
sages around  it.  Sir  Richard  supposes  that  Queen  Elizabeth  in  the  body,  is 
taken  into  heaven  by  the  angel  Gabriel  in  a  chariot  (or  properly  caroch,  for 
chariots  were  then  unknown),  that  she 


and. 


May  see  the  triumphs  of  the  blest, 

Of  future  jojB,  a  pleasant  earnest  taste. 


One  of  the  sights  with  which  the  Angel  entertained  the  Queen,  was — a  reri'ew 
btfon  tht  mlh  nf  the  Neie  Jerutalem, 


k. 


RfiTHOSPSCTlVE    ReVIKW". 

Upon  n  eptLcious  field. 


[Jan. 


By  his  superior  port  and  brighter  shield, 

Disdaguish'd,  Michael  drew  in  long  array 

II<?nvea')t  bright  brigades,  that  bis  comnaiind  obey. 

The  illustrious  cohorts  with  seraphic  grace, 

In  long  review  before  their  geuenl  pass ; 

Immortal  youth  in  their  ble«t  faces  mild, 

How  terrible  their  strength,  their  looks  how  mild  ! 

What  fatal  arms  each  glorious  warrior  wears  ! 

Ilow  keen  their  swords  !  how  long  aud  bright  their  speais  ! 

How  awful  did  the  extended  front  apppar! 

How  dreadful  wa^  their  deep  uameasurable  rear ! 

The  blett  tcere  thus  employed.     These  scenes  w«re  seen 

Before  the  city,  by  the  wondering  Queen." 

Mr.  Sonthey  justly  remarks,  that  the  Queen,  who  had  never  seen  any  re- 
view previously,  but  that  of  her  own  troops  at  Tilbury,  must  have  been  much 
dazzled  by  thia  cclcsttal  infantry.  I  must  needa  extract  a  few  more  passages 
treated  with  our  bard's  usual  originality  of  expression  in  the  same  poem.  The 
Queen  gives  an  entertainment  to  the  ambassadors  of  Spain  : 

••  They  were  regni'd  with  vast  magnificence. 
And  great  profusion,  at  tlte  Qaeen's  expense  ; 
Panting  beiicAth  the  weight,  strong  servanta  bear, 
Prodigiwit  dithfii  of  BrUannicfare. 
Which  by  the  intendant  in  long  order  placed, 
The  groaning  tables  both  oppress'd  and  grac'd. 
Here  tiood  a  boar,  in  brawny  collars  ; — here 
Haiinches  of  red,  and  sides  of  fallow  deer  ;• — 
H««  nheep  almost  entire,  and  tender  fawna. 
That  spread  the  hills,  or  sported  on  the  lawns, 
Dispos'd  with  art,  did  grace  (he  tables  more 
Than  they  the  parks  ndom'd,  or  downs  before. 
The  liritish  ox,  a  more  delicious  cheer 
Than  Gallia'a  partridge,  or  AuBOoia's  deer. 
In  various  fonn*  by  various  artittt  Ann, 
Pleaa'd  all  the  different  palates  of  the  guest. 
In  wondrous  plenty  by  the  Queen's  command.— 
They  had  for  drink  with  their  luxurious  cheer, 
Strong  bottled  ale,  and  old  autumnal  b«er." 

With  alt  this  rich  repast  before  them,  it  is  no  wonder  that  the  ambassadors 
are  described,  as  sitting  late  and  unwilling  to  move.  In  the  meanwhile,  the 
angel  Gabriel  returns  to  heaven,  and  describes  the  situation  of  things  in 
England  .— 

"  He  ceas'd, — the  bless'd  Redeemer  did  reply,— 
Let  not  the  Queen  on  Roman  faith  rely  ; 
She  must  no  weight  on  their  alliance  lay. 
Those  who  have  me  betray'd,  wilJ  her  Iwtray  ; 
Let  her  not  fruitlct<8  eipectationsfced. 
Will  Spain  from  her  inveterate  hate  recede  ? 
Will  ever  Home  and  Hell  give  Philip  rest, 
Till  he  rcform'd  Britannia  d<H-.>>  molest? 
Go,  Britain's  viceroy,  let  Eliza  know 
She  trusts  a  broken  reed  iu  Philip's  vow. 
Let  her,  her  army,  and  her  fleet  prepare 
To  meet  the  Iberian  and  repel  the  war. 
Fly,  Gabriel,  fly,  and  with  angelic  speed, 
On  this  important  embassy  pruoocd." 

Gabriel  finds  the  Queen  at  prayers  in  her  closet,  when  on  his  arrival  &  n«r- 
fume  arofc, — 

"  Such  •»  are  brcath'd  from  high  cckatial  bowers 
From  blest  jonquils."  ' 


1835.]  Tke  YFrilimfB  of  Sir  Richard  Blackmore,  Kut. 

lie  delivers  his  message,  aud  departs  gracefully.     We  must  now  select  a  few 
shorter  passages,  or  even  single  lines,  for  approbation  : 

"  Noble  Hemandrs,  of  undAunted  heart, 
A  man  of  honour,  and  in  arui*  expert ; 
Who  in  the  siege  of  Mel2  did  by  a  ball, 
(A  muBkct  sent  it         •         •         •         •         • 
Loiie  his  left  eye,  but  gain'd  a  mighty  name." 

The  '  gained  a  mighty  name/  is  a  fine  stroke  of  genius ;  our  pity  is  first 
moved,  and  then  is  absorbed  in  admiration  ;  while  the  activity  of  our  imagi- 
nation is  vibrating  between  the  '  loss  of  the  eye,'  and  the  *  gain  of  the  mighty 
name.' 

The  General  of  the  Army  (Vcrc)  is  described  as  sitting  on  a  horse,  which 

"  Did  neither  lekolly  ffo,  nor  vholly  tiand.^^ 
As  the  war  thickens, — 

"  Fie  rais'd  his  reeking  sword  with  slaughter  red, 
And  aim'd  a  blow  between  the  breast  ami  head, 
W))ich  did  the  pipe  ihnt  breath  conveys  divide, 
KaA  rut  the  jugulnrs  from  side  to  sidt', 
And  had  it  met  the  juncture  of  the  bone. 
The  SpBuiard's  head  Lad  from  his  shoulders  flown. 

•  •  •  •  • 

Cary  lay  dead,  who  danc'd  with  great  applauae, 

And  by  his  aifry  feet  to  fame  and  honour  rose ; 

So  smooth,  8o  stroEij;,  so  swift  did  he  advance, 

Tbat  wond'riu^  seraphs  would  like  Cory  dance  ; 

He  did  excel  in  genius,  skill,  and  rule, 

All  Gallia'a  coast, — Europa's  dancing-achool." 

•  •  ■  •  • 

Again,  on  this  subject, — 

"  Now  were  they  pleasM  to  bring  a  Qoeen  from  Pranee, 
One  finely  bred,  and  vko  had  learned  to  dance." 

After  her  victory  over  the  Spaniards,  the  Queen  returns  thanks  at  St.  Paul's, 

aud  the  Archbishop  preaches, — 

"  Then  Albion's  famous  Metropolitan, 
Avery  steady,  prudetit,  heavenly  man. 
Zealous  for  truth,  inflexibly  upright, 
Prom  Uis  high  pulpit  show'd  celestial  light ; 
Thus  the  great  Primate  with  bia  usual  force 
Of  eloquence,  t>egaii  a  wise  discourse." 

After  the  sermon, — 

"  Augusta's  youth  remaining  day  employ 
In  variiitis  deuHiD:itrntions  of  rlitir  jny  ; 
Some  did  in  crowds  to  the  fair  fields  rei>air, 
Where  Bedlam's  turrets  rise  amidst  the  air. 
Where  learned  Tyson's  p«wf  rful  drugs  remove 
The  wild  effects  of  lawlt-ns  pridr  and  love. 
Do  the  strong  influence  of  the  Moon  unbind,"  he. 

They  return  to  dinner,  after  which  the  poet  Spen$er  repeats  Milton's  Para- 
Lost : — 

"  Angels  and  arms  he  song,  celestial  fight, 
And  dire  commotion  in  the  realms  of  light ; 
ile  sang  how  Satan  with  ambidon  seix'd 
In  hcav'n  uneasy,"  Dtc. 

Satan,  in  the  meanwhile,  who  is  staying  at  Cowes  in  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
siding  with  the  defeated  Spaniards,  conceives  a  design  of  destroying  his  great 
enemy  '  Vcre,"  by  disguising  himself  as  a  physician,  or  leech  ;  instead  of  a 
^ear  (which  was  grown  too  common) — 


d 


&4  RarrBonncnfK  IUtibw.  |JhB. 

*«  He  IwU  A /AM  «»,  and  «M  dind*— 
Whore isOelMtad Ten?  Tflnldeaaad; 
Hit  oertiiB  fiite  I  eanr  in  m j  hand. 
T%U  riua  eoBtiiBS  Bmanla's  Ubntf  , 
Tljff  Itome  fMtoTW,  M<»  aBb  Barapa  ftaa." 

Satan,  however,  finds  hu  niatdi ;  for  he  makes  a  boast  td  what  he  wonki 
do,  and  uses  such  Tiolent  nngentkmaalike  language,  flkafc  he  it  taken  up  as  % 
lanatic,  and  ao  treated. 


'  Satan  by  Us  look  betnyod. 


Hie  tjaiptoai  of  a  ons'd  and  mfai'd  head  i 

His  dann^row  ipeedi  the  Britons  oonld  not  besr. 

Bat  sds'd  and  seat  him  to  Lsanatio's  ears  | 

Lsarentio  had  in  medidne  vpptr  fiune, 

Bat  wanted  akfll  this  hastk  to  tsuM ; 

He  krat  him  dark,  and  •tes'd  Mf  AMMi  <»  sate, 

Hio'  Hell  alone  ooold  ne'er  restore  his  brain." 

In  the  next  battle,  the  Spaniards  who  had  been  defeated  by  arms,  pat  flieir 
trust  in  charms  and  amolcts. 

"  In  silken  bsgs  dwir  bodies  to  defend ; 
One  hsd  Amitrodtul'  tooth,  of  wondrons  power, 
(hie  Domi»ie'»  toe,  one  BHdfeP$  finger  wore, — 
Tki»  ktd  « ttmfH^St.  Fnmeittme  ketl, 
This  kept  a  wart  that  grew  on  ^ttubrem'*  hand. 
Of  ad|^  foroe  gnat  cannon  to  withstand, 
Anothar's  bosom  had  two  maeioos  hsirs 
Of  andwret  i/crsaM**  beam  to  gnard  his  fears } 
Fnrtrana's  gasrded  bosom  did  eontain 
Some  pow^U  filings  of  8t.  Prttr**  chain." 

On  the  English  side  came  in  Tiuon : 

«  Cranmv  to  En|^and  and  to  Edward  dear, 
Long  reverend  garmenfai  white  o  snow  he  wore ; 
lUs  hand  a  Bible,  that  a  orosier  bore ; 
This  martyr's  crown  did  dswting  beams  dinday, 
A  crown  of  light  oondens'd,  and  solid  poniuvons  day." 

The  Spaniards  put  their  chief  trost  in  Don  Gasman,— ^ 

"  He  did  his  vast  ^gantlc  shonUters  rear 
Above  the  host,  ud  tow'ring  In  the  dr, 
Didatairmiajay  oMUf  ^fmr.'* 

Bat  notwithstanding  his  balk,  he  is  pierced  through  the  loins  by  Vers, — 

'*  And  roaring  out  in  pain,  bsck  to  his  army  flew. 
So  when  an  elephant  in  Asia  1»ed, 
Does  at  a  shooting  Indim  army's  head, 
On  his  Tsst  bsck  m  moving  castles  bear 
SobUme  destmction,  and  airial  war." 

At  this  point  with  propriety  the  qiic  poem  of  Elixa  doses.  We  now  torn 
to  the  no  less  celebrated  one  of  '  Prince  Arthur ;'  bat  vre  can  (mly  afford 
room  for  the  smaller  flowers  of  poesy,  such  as  are  shut  up  in  the  outx  of  a 
couplet.  With  the  pneral  plan  of  this  Epic,  doubtless  every  rnder  is  well 
acquainted.  The  following  coaplet  owes  its  sabUmity  to  the  obscare  uid  un- 
bounded : 

"  Did  I  once  shrink,  when  showers  of  poiaon'd  darts, 
Dipt  in  eternal  wruth,  shot  throng  our  hearts." 

*  We  have  this  again  : 

"  Like  an  Egyptian  obelisk  he  look'd, 
Or  as  s  lofty  brasen  pillar  stood."  , '{ 


Thf  Huntings  of  Sir  Richard  Blackmore,  Knt. 


The  third  book  thus  commences. 


Up  rise  tbe  princes,  and  were  fUMin  prepared 
To  take  their  way,  attendetl  with  their  g;uard,  * 
They  mount  Uieir  chariot  with  majestic  grace, 
And  antwer  many  quentiowi  <u  they  pcut," 

Then  we  tneet  with  a  very  bold  and  striking  image,  which  Longinus  wouH 
have  admired  and  .Eschylua  envied, — 

^"  Long  »ad  Britannin  groan'd  beneath  the  weight 
Of  foreign  lords,  and  monrn'd  her  servile  Htate  ; 
■  At  length,  no  greater  evils  left  to  hear, 

B  She  gather'd  Ao/te  and  courage  from  deitpaif,** 

TTie  following  couplet,  opening  the  9th  book,  is  pretty  and  new  : 
"  The  springing  morn  now  made  a  iitild  eMxny, 
With  purple  beams  to  introduce  the  day." 
In  the  most  sublime  passages  the  poet  tbrowa  in  a  reflection  that  tells  won- 
derfully.    Speaking  of  a  Coritanian  chief,  who  came  from  Repandunum  (near 
I         Dovedale), 

^K  •* He  rose 

^^K  Like  a  rous'd  lion  from  his  long  repose, 

^^^^^  Arm'd  and  eqaipp'd  trith  great  mognificeDee, 

^^^^H  He  mounts  his  horse — bought  at  a  rant  e.rpense." 

^^^^Mtan.  who  has  recovered  from  hh  insanity  in  the  last  Epic,  has  managed 
^^^^Ket  into  this,  and  is  at  his  old  tricks  again  ;  he  is  described 
^^^^^K  "  As  when  a  toad  a<}uat  in  a  garden  spiw 

^^^^^P  The  gardener  passing  by,  his  bloodshot  eyes, 

^^^^^  With  spite  anil  rage  iuftarn'd  darts  fire  around/' 

^H       la  the  10th  book  we  have  a  chariot  race  : 

^^M  "  Scarce  could  the  grooms  and  charioteers  commnnd 

^^fc^^  The  sprightly  race,  who  with  a  gentle  hand 

^^^^^  Stroking  their  backs,  their  tiery  spirit  ^oulh'd, 

^^^^^H  And  Men  their  manex  with  combs  and  njmnyeji  tmooth'd." 

^-  K  hero's  wound  is  thus  healed  ;  the  accuracy  of  the  language  showing  the 

I  poet's  aertrice  to  E^culapius  : 

^^L  "  Gave  him  a  sovereign  drag  extended  o'er 

^ Soft  *atin,  and  applied  it  to  the  sore, 

^^^^^^^^^^  Which,  ripen' d  by  the  healing  mixture,  broke, 

^^^^^^^^H  And  gave  the  poifton 

^^^^^^^^^  The  Princess  muttering  faintly — Furies  I  Hell ! 

^^^^^B  Swooning  away,  as  plonct-smitten,  fell." 

^^^^ObkHw  are  beautifully  described,  yet  without  debasing  the  lines  by  a  cora- 
■oa  and  vulgar  phraseology  : 

^^B  "  In  urns  the  bees'  delicious  dews  he  Inyd, 

^^P  Whose  kindling  wax  inventive  day  display' d.'* 

A  due  distinction  is  preserved  between  animate  and  inanimate  matter  : 

^H  "  So  Mona's  cattle*  with  the  impetuaus  roar 

^H  Aitoaish'd  tremble,  Out  the  trarrior*  more  J' 

^^        Lastly,  a  foreign  word  is  naturalized,  and  beautifully  introduced  i  the  poet 
ia  apeakiog  of  the  particles  of  matter  forming  the  earth  : 

^^L  "  And  rendezcovjting  with  an  advene  course, 

^^g  Produce  an  equal  poise,  with  equal  force." 

It  ia  well  known  to  all  readers  of  Pope,  that  Martinus  Scriblcrus,  when  he 
wrote  on  the  art  of  Poetry,  selected  numerous  examples  from  the  Poems  of 
RlacAimore.  as  being  apoet'ofthe  greatest  weight  and  authority.  Wewill  finish 
iHir  95)ecimen  hy  a  few. — '  Hear.'  says  the  critic. '  how  the  most  sublime  of  Ueinga 


J 


>6  RrrsospxcTiTs  Review.  £Jtak. 

I  represented  in  the  following  characters.     First,  he  is  a  ehemiat,  then  a  re- 
ruiting  officer,  then  an  attorney,  as — 

"  Job,  as  a  Tile  ofender,  God  imdUe*, 
And  terrible  decrees  against  him  writes." 

Then  a  Mercer  or  Packer : 

"  Didst  thou  one  end  of  Air's  wide  curtain  hold. 
And  help  the  bales  of  edier  to  unfold. 
Say,  which  oemkan  pile  was  by  thy  hand  onroll'd  ?" 

Then  a  Batler : 

"  He  measures  all  the  drtft  with  wondrous  skill. 
Which  the  bUck  clouds  his/ia/y  bottle*  filL" 

Next  a  Baker : 

"  God  in  the  wilderness  his  table  spread. 
And  in  his  otry  orema  kmJ^d  their  iretd.^' 

Presently  we  meet  with  a  race  between  the  woods  and  hills  : 

"  The  hills  forget  they're  fix'd,  and  in  their  fright 
Cast  off  their  weight,  and  ease  themselTcs  for  flight ; 
The  woods,  with  terror  wing'd,  oatfly  the  wind, 
And  leaTe  the  heuTy,  panting  hills  behind." 

A  mutiny  is  thus  described : 

"  Upon  the  shore,  as  frequent  as  the  sand, 
To  meet  the  Prince,  the  glad  Dimetians  stand." 

Quere  ?  where  these  Dimetians  stood  ?  and  of  what  size  they  were  ? 
An  earthquake  is  thos  described  : 

"  All  nature  felt  a  rererential  shock. 
The  sea  stood  still,  to  see  the  mountains  rock." 

A  bull-baiting : 

"  Up  to  the  stars  die  sprawling  mastiffii  fly. 
And  add  new  monsters  to  the  frighted  sky." 

A  whale  at  sea  : 

"  All  the  enchamber*d,  thick,  fermenting  steam, 
Does  like  one  pot  qf  boUing  ointment  twin, 
Where'er  he  swims,  he  leaves  along  the  lake. 
Such  frothy  furrows,  such  a  foamy  track. 
That  all  the  waters  of  the  deep  appear 
Homy  with  age,  or  grey  with  sudden  fear." 

A  spear  discharged : 

'*  The  mighty  Staffs  threw  a  massy  spear. 
Which  wiUi  its  errand  plemt^d,  sung  thro'  the  air." 

Misfortunes  are  called — 

"  Fresh  troopt  of  pains,  and  regimented  woes." 

And  now  we  must  bid  farewell  to  our  favoorite  Poet ;  not,  however,  widiout 
hopes  that  we  have,  by  the  aeleet  yet  tnmerotw  quotations  we  have  given,  pro- 
duced an  impression  on  our  readers  most  favourable  to  the  reputation  of  Sir 
R.  Blackmore.  His  principal  merits  seem  to  consist  in  a  novelty  that  amazes,  a 
sublimity  that  strikes,  and  an  ingenuity  that  dazzles  and  takes  our  judgment 
prisoner.  If  he  has  not  quite  attained  the  majestic  energy  of  Milton,  or  the 
fancy  and  elegant  invention  of  Spenser,  yet  it  must  be  confessed  that  he  has 
many  original  beauties, — beauties  entirely  his  own  ;  and  it  may  lastly  be  ob- 
lenred,  that  since  bis  time,  no  London  physician  has  published  poems  of  such 
length  or  eminence.  To  have  thus  surpassed  his  numerous  competitors  for 
fune,  is  an  undeniable  proof  of  superior  excellence. 

B—a.  7  J.  M. 


1835.] 


:>7 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


DirM*  Providetim,  or  the  Ihrec  Cycle)! 
t^Stvttatii.u,  »hi)winfj  lli*  Parallelism 
^f  the  Patriarrhol,  Jeu*i»h,  and 
Chrittian  Dlsp^nfulionn,  bfing  o  new 
£ridett(*  of  the  Divine  Origin  of 
Ckrutianily.  By  the  Rev.  George 
Crolf.  LL.D. 

TO  discover,  in  these  late  days,  a 
new  evidence  of  our  holy  religion,  an 
evidence  unsuspected  and  undiscover- 
fd  by  all  foriucr  theolog^ians  and  scho- 
hn>i  must   lead  to  the   belief  of  the 
fuporior   erudition   and   acuteness   of 
the  Author.     The  labours  of  our  mo* 
dern  divines  are  chiefly  occupied  in 
•trvngtlieoiug  and  remoulding  the  form 
of  Ihe    evidences  already   discovered, 
ia  prt-ftenting  them  in  more  striking 
•bapcs,  and  adorning  them  with  more 
tnreful  tllustrationa.     To  Dr.  Croly. 
bo*cvcr,  belongs  a  higher  and  more 
U«tinf  praise,  if  he  has  fulfilled  the 
-e  which  he  has  made,  of  lend- 
V  forcc-s  to  the  defenders  of  re- 
[      iiEiuD,  and  adding  a  new  wing  to  the 
tnnplc  of  the  Christian  faith.     The  ar- 
pnneot  which  ho  unfolds  is,  that  the 
leading  facie  of  Christian  bistorj-  have 
been  the  leading  facts  of  the  two  for- 
mer dispensations,  Judaism    and   the 
I^itriarchmJ  religion  :    and  that  these 
fict«  have  occurred  in  tlic  three,  not 
merely  in  essence,  but  with  the  same 
parpose  and  the  same  order — that  all 
the  great    and   leading   facts   of  the 
I'ttriarchal    dispensations    have    been 
through   twice  subtrquently  in  the 
idli  and  Christian  eras,  with  at- 
t    circumstances    proving    that 
ce   continued   to    exercise    a 
t  provision  for  their  perform- 
V  •lid  for  their  suitableness  to  the 
changes  arising  from  three 
of  mankind,  and  totally  distinct, 
■•  Um  Patriarchal,  Jewish,  and  Chris- 
tim  worlds.     Dr.  Croly  <%ays,  if  he  con 
tftct  this  proof,  the  acknowledj^tnt 
vt  a   Providence   as   the    Author   of 
UrutioHity ,  iV  no  more  capable  of  Jit- 
|«fe  tkan  ike  projtertiei  of  the  trtamjle 
— c/  is  iemonJitratipe, 

But  Dr.  Ofilr's  argument  extends 
'urther  °  .   and   it  is  here  that 

Oi  pzu  ly  i&  displayed.     He 


I 


GcsT.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


"  Not  merely  the  nnhirr  and  order  of 
the  leading  factti  in  tike  throe  di^i^nsia- 
tions  are  exactly  the  same,  but  that  the 
inditidual  charactert  of  the  h'uiliri|L:  im-n 
and  nations  arc  the  same,  that  iadividimla 
bom  '.'U<X>  years,  and  whole  cmpirea 
asunder,  have  had  jirei;i«ely  the  Ksttiif  part 
iu  the  several  series,  with  the  same  charac- 
ter of  mind,  the  same  »ucce.sflc*  and  re- 
verse!*. Tliat  Joseph  in  E</ypt  and  St. 
Paul  in  Greece,  that  Ktra  in  Judea  and 
LutAer  in  Germany,  that  Alexander  in 
Airia  and  Napotetm  in  Europe,  have  espc- 
cittUy  been  the  dirvct  lirovidentisl  agents 
in  the  tiame  departuient»  of  their  series. 

"  Protestantism  in  Europe  now  stands 
pref'i»ely  in  the  same  position  vith  Judab 
in  the  midst  of  the  fallacies  and  tempta- 
tions of  the  ancient  world.  Germany, 
the  land  of  the  Reformation,  seems  even 
at  this  moment  to  in\itc  the  scourge. 
The  scandalous  corniprion  of  domestic 
life  in  her  courts  and  cities,  the  jacoiini- 
eai  vice  and  turbulence  of  the  (''>llp)urcs, 
and  the  eDurmous  and  even  ostentatiouB 
infidelity  of  her  Titeologians,  have  made 
that  great  country  long  a  fearful  object  to 
every  man  who  knows  that  for  such 
things  there  is  an  inevitable  reckoning. 
The  sennrge  fell  on  the  Jewish  Church 
in  the  interval  succeeding  tlje  partition 
of  the  Macedonian  empire.  The  interval 
succeeding  the  fall  of  the  French  empire, 
takes  the  game  place  in  providefitiat  his- 
tory, and  will  witness  the  same  extent  of 
evil,  for  the  same  exorbitant  offence,  upon 
the  inheritor  of  the  spirit  and  privileges 
of  Jodoh,  the  Church  of  European  Pro- 
tcstantism." 

It  is  evident  that  such  a  work  as 
thi-i  would  require  liltlf  less  than  en- 
cyclopedic knowledge,  an  extensive 
acquaintance  with  ancient  languages, 
a  profound  knowledge  of  all  branchen 
of  theology,  both  ancient  and  mo- 
dem,  as  well  as  of  Rabbinical  and 
Jewish  learning,  and  many  of  the 
Bcieuces.  How  far  Dr.  Croly  is  such 
a  scholar  and  pulymathist  we  know 
not ;  but  having  studied  the  subject 
with  some  attention,  we  feel  at  liberty 
to  say,  that  his  observations  on  GVo- 
logy*  are  extremely  superficial ;  and 
the  toue  of  them,  as  applied  to  such 
eminent  men  as  Cnvier  and  liuckland, 
and  others  who   have  already  taken 

•  We  mean  to  make  f  ome  observations 
on  Dr.  Croly's  Geology  in  the  next  number. 


i 


38 


Rbtikw. — Divme  Providente,  ^c.    By  Dr.  Croly. 


[Jaa, 


their  seats  in  the  temple  of  science, 
is  to  our  minds  far  from  pleasing  ;  nor 
do  we  much  admire  the  positive  man- 
ner in  which  he  accuses  Magee,  and 
Paley,  and  Warburton  himself,  of 
error.  Acknowledging,  as  erery  body 
docs,  the  connection  existing  intimate- 
ly between  the  different  forms  which 
religion  assumed  in  different  periods 
of  the  world,  as  most  conducive  to  the 
fulfilment  of  the  great  purposes  de- 
signed, through  types  and  figures,  and 
the  manner  in  which  these  were  gra- 
dually developed  and  increased;  and 
the  great  central  point  of  Christianity 
to  which,  as  to  a  focus,  all  the  con- 
verging rays  pointed  their  direction  ; 
granting  this,  as  a  matter  well  known 
and  familiar  to  all  minds,  we  think 
all  Dr.  Croly  has  done  beyond  his 
predecessors,  is  in  pushing  this  argu- 
ment to  an  extreme  and  erroneous  ex- 
tent. We  are  aware  of  the  difficul- 
ties, and  even  obscurities  of  the  sub- 
ject ;  we  know  the  immense  learning, 
and  thought,  and  acuteness  that  has 
been  employed  on  it;  we  know  the 
difference  of  opinion  that  exists  on 


particalar  interpretations  among  the 
most  learned  interpreters ;  and  know- 
ing this,  we  feel  convinced  that 
Dr.  Croly's  tviitnee,  as  here  displayed 
by  him,  will  never  be  received  as  wno, 
or  a$  true,  by  the  commentators  on 
Scripture  evidence.  In  our  very  limit- 
ed space,  it  is  impossible  we  can  go 
through  the  deductions  and  arguments 
of  a  work  of  600  pages,  occupied  on 
such  a  diversity  of  subjects ;  but,  '  ex 
pcde  Herculem.'  Perhaps  a  specimen 
of  Dr.  Croly's  inferences  on  one  point, 
will  enable  us  to  form  an  opinion  of 
the  soundness  of  his  deductions  on 
others.  We  turn  then  to  c.  xliz. 
upon  the  characters  of  Alexander  the 
Great  andNapoIeon,andthe  events  con- 
nected with  ihem ;  which  according  to 
our  Author's  scheme,  run  parallel  with 
each  other.  If  the  principle,  says  Dr. 
Croly,  of  a  desiyned  coincidence  be- 
tween Alexander  and  Buonaparte  be 
true,  we  have  no  right  to  consider  siny 
minuteness  of  circumstance  as  below 
the  principle,  for  it  is  by  such  minute- 
nesses that  the  likeness  is  most  strong- 
ly identified. 


I .  The  Persian  empire  conquered  great 
part  of  Asia,  and  established  Viceroys 
over  the  provinces — these  provinces  as- 
sumed independence  ;  but  at  the  Mace- 
donian invasion  they  became  nominally 
dependent  again. 

3.  The  Persian  empire  destroyed  the 
Babylonian. 

3.  Alexander  was  the  initnunent  by 
which  the  Macedonian  empire  was  to 
punish  the  Persian,  as  the  Persian  did  the 
Babylonian. 

4.  Alexander  was  born  at  Pella,  in 
Macedon. 

5.  Alexander  was  educated  by  Aristotle. 

6.  The  second  war  commenced  with  the 
plunder  of  Delphi  by  the  Phocians. 
Greece  became  a  system  of  confederate  re- 
publics with  Philip  at  the  head.  Philip 
was  assassinated — the  oratort  were  the 
governors.  Alexander  then  appeared, 
and  at  22  became  Captain-general  of 
Greece. 

9.  Alexander,  with  34,000  men,  invaded 
Asia,  and  overnm  it.  Collected  a  fleet 
of  320  sail,  and  took  Tyre  by  storm,  and 
Egypt  fell  into  hit  hands. 


1.  The  German  Emperors  possessed 
great  power.  The  princes  of  the  empire 
held  stations  as  officers  of  the  household. 
From  the  15th  century  these  privileges 
were  reduced.  At  the  French  war  die 
spirit  of  the  German  League  was  renewed. 

S.  In  the  12th  and  I3th  centuries  the 
army  gave  an  Irrecoverable  blow  to  the 
power  of  the  Pope. 

3 .  Napoleon  was  the  instroment  by  which 
the  French  empire  was  to  destroy  the 
German,  as  the  German  did  the  Papal 
power. 

4.  Napoleon  was  bom  in  Corsica,  the 
Macedon  of  the  South. 

5.  Napoleon  was  educated  at  the  Royal 
^Military  School  of  Brienne. 

6.  The  plunder  of  the  church  establish, 
meat  was  the  first  act  of  the  French  Re- 
volution. The  oratort  became  the  gover- 
nort.  Louis  XVI.  put  to  death.  War 
followed  with  EngUmd.  Napoleon  ap- 
peared at  the  siege  of  Toulon,  aged  26. 
"  In  a  year  (he  said)  I  shall  either  be  an 
old  general,  or  dead." 

9.  Napoleon  in  two  campaigns  overran 
Italy,  and  forced  the  German  Emperor  to 
treat  of  peace.  He  would  not  let  the 
German  Ambassador  take  precedence  o' 
him.  Sailed  for  Alexandria,  the  sabs' 
tute  for  Tyre.  Egypt  fell  into  hit  han^ 


RsTicw. — Imaginative  Biography,  by  Sir  E.  Brydges. 


59 


10. 
Apiv. 


Alesiuider  worshipped    the   bnll 


Or.  Croljr  has  not  observed  that  apia  and  papa  are  Btrikingly  similar. 


^Bj«p(ter  Ammon.  aud  wu  proclaimed  the 
PBSon  of  Jupiter.     Alexander  entered   the 
^       Temple,  mad  received  the  resiionse  of  the 
Onifle. 


90.  AJrxander  went  to  Jeru^nlem,  and 
«w  heard  by  tbc  Hi^h  Friefft. 

SK  AleJiander  married  Roiona,  the 
dngbterof  a  Dactriaa  Chief. 

?S,  Ruxsna  appear*  not  to  have   had 
Idren.     Thtu  he  ran.rried  Statira,  the 
ig  daughter  of  the  Einyeror. 

S3.  Thej  died  alike.   Ale^oinder  ilied  of 

ixtflammatory  fercr,  which   soon  car* 

I  him  off.     Alexander  died  in  profea- 

jgi  his  belief  to  the  gods  of  Greece. 

Macedonian  empire  fell  into 

9BU. 

TbeSeptuagint  version  arose  out  of 
t  circumstances  of  the  rrign  of  Alex- 


10.  Napoleon  said,  *  1  respect  God,  liij 
Prophet,  and  the  Koran.  We  are  true 
Mtumlmen,  we  have  ruined  the  Pope.' 


11.  Napoleon  w^nt  in  pursuit  of  the 
Mamelukes,  but  stotrt  to  see  the  Pynunids. 
•  Soldier*,'  he  exclaimed,  '  from  the  sum- 
mits of  yon  Fyra  nida  forty  ages  behold 
you.'  Napoleon  tntcred  the  Great  Pynuj 
mid,  and  repeated — '  There  ia  ao  God 
bat  God,  and  Mahomet  ia  hia  prophet.' 

20.  Napoleon  summoned  a  S&obedrim 
at  Paris. 

3L  Napoleon  married  Jaaephine,  the 
widow  of  fieaubarnois. 

22.  Josephine  had  no  children.  Then 
Napoleon  tnarried  Maria  Louise,  the 
daughter  of  the  Emperor. 

23.  Napoleon  died  of  a  schirrus  in  the 
stomach,  after  a  long  disease.  Napoleon 
died  in  the  rites  of  Ub  church. 

24.  France  fill  into  the  hands  of  £ng- 
land,  France,  Rnssia,  and  Prussia. 

2.5.  The  formatioti  of  the  Bible  Societies 
pommcnced  iu  1805. 


ich  is  a  brief  B|>ccin]en  of  this  in- 
parallel,    which    forms    the 
»r  part  of  the  new  evidence  of  rc- 
I.      We  think  another  column, 
—  ••■'•  the  biography  of  'Jack  tlie 
r.'   should  be  appended  to 
,  >..^  edition  of  this  work. 
Ur.  Croly's  style,  we  have  only 
I  give  one  short  specimen,  taken 
Jom  from   p.  461.     It  has  all 
rity  and  simplicity  suited  to  a 
]aifition   on  the   Greek   language. 
;  ominous  connexion  of  the  fail  of 
Mttooal  literature  with  the  faU  of  a 
MOtry.    which   seems    to   be  among 
prescribed  warnings  of  ruin,  was 
iy  expraplified.     The  popular   dia- 
of  (Constantinople   had   dr graded 
•hape   and  colour  of  the  original 
_  lage,  long  befiire  the  Turk    was 
nixanioned  to  do  judgment  on  the  gor- 
3ns  eastern  adulteress,  the  purple- 
ami  jewel-crowned  drinker  of 
bload   of  the   Saints,  and   extin- 
iof  her  idolutora  with  the  sword, 
the    two-fold    abomination    of 
latjon,    hi^     homicidal    standard 
ills  iotaye  jargon  on  ber  grave !  " 


ImagiHative  Biography,  by  Sir  Egertoa 
Brydgea.  2  col.  12mo. 

THERE  is  great  irregularily  in  this 
work  ;  the  narrative  is  far  better  than 
the  dialogue ;  and  while  some  parts  ' 
rise  into  excellence,  others  appear  to  UB 
to  be  lilUe  clue  than  complete  failures. 
The  biography  of  Charles  Blount  is 
very  interesting,  and  well  written  j 
and  we  sympathize  with  the  pleasing 
narrative  of  Charles  Cotton.  The 
dialogue  between  Gray  and  Wnlpole 
we  dislike  in  tuio.  What  are  we  to 
think  of  this  language  between  two 
of  the  most  finished  and  polished 
gentlemen  of  the  age  ? 

Watpah.  Your  are  as  fretful  as  a  Thm  ' 
rat.     1  wish  you  would  be  a  little  more 
companionable. 

Gratf,  You  would  be  more  pleasing,  if 
yon  would  be  a  little  lesis  talkative  (As  if 
any  one  ever  wished  Walpole's  charming 
conversation  silenced !). 

W.  And  it  would  become  your  age  to 
be  a  little  less  of  a  philosupher. 

Now  this  is  all  out  of  nature  and 
truth;  when  Walpole  and  Giay  con- 
veised,  we  may  be  sure  it  was  as  gen- 


•JO 


tiM^imw.—lmagmative  Biographjf,  bif  Sir  E.  Brydfes.       [Jt 


-■r..a  :  ofiii  whea  tbey  differed,  they 

.  -  -.  ;   n-ithout  Tulgarity  or  abuse. 

-    r     .   'ieal  o(  political  criticism  is 

-  ..Mi'-.-jiututhir»  chapter.     Mason's 

:-  .\:v  bonded  from  oae  to  another, 

«  .:vu;.  we  think,  adding  much  to 

-.-     .;v:<:iucnt  of  him.     Gray's  Latin 

%«.;  V  ■>  cumpared  to  Milton's.     It  is 

.    .1   r-.>raily  ditTorent  kind,  and  not 

.  <.:..-•(  hiitii  excellence  ;  but  it  is  far 

>.;.t    i>t  !i»  Cowley's.     The  only  fault 

.  '^  ■.  K!oi;y  i»  not  touched  on — an 

xv  i>.oii.il  tautolojcy.  as 

u  'k  .1  (tiir«v  the  turf  in  many  a  mould- 

•■'iv-  .-'Minuon  objections  to  his  Odes 

•    »»'h><ut  renaon,  biTauso  the  ex- 

.    X  •  :\  litio  titiiiih.  and  elaborate  or- 

» II,  ,1..  li^i-*  not  ttt  all  tlestroyeil  the 

>t  ..  ■!  i!u(  Mi;\iur  of  the  thoughts,  and 

•  n«-  .>J  iIjc  imni;e!«.     The  conversa- 

.1  s  ;  NN \,vii  \tilti«it  and  Lord  Krackley 

.  >  ■•>•:   tilwo  ut  nil.     It   i.H  a  bold 

.  .t.ii  >i   '.i>  carry  on  a  dinloguo.  and 

..     .(  I  ;"t  *y.  Ill  <«m'h  lipH  n»  .Milton's. 

X.         ".:m!4;v»  ivpnits*  tho  old   story 

.    \;    •■•■.i\   p.»vi-rty  : — he   never  was 

u-  '-tv'Mt  iwo  nmid!*  and  a  innn, 

..    >i.i    •■>  luit  poverty  for  a  poet  in 

itV.i. 

'A  ;ii   :v.;.inl  to  Uisiltie'i*  Minstrel, 

>....  I  !i.  A  w-iv  poet  ionl  Htnnzns,  and 

luu   -.til.      t'he  I'oet  rnmbleil  on  as 

•.1^  I..  'iM  ieni'iiptiim  nml  his  moral 

.  .ik«.>i<>ii.t  ktite«l,  and  then  ho  cut  the 

»...  :      i\   .»  iHrvwvll.     The  account  of 

■  .:>!k..  >.i  '^iw'ii  with  felling  and  dis- 

...„,!i.».i.'.i .  he  iHVHHex.ted  n  true  vein 

.   ^tiik.  .iiikl.  ha«l   he  lived,   would 

..  >„.>.\  'i.tvv>  >;iNvn  to  the  world  some 

.  .„  .,.>:  \«<>iki.     Like  (iray,  his  ge- 

%^.i.    iv-d   with    rich    ntorcs    of 

>.,.      the  jtnlicioH»  Hooker  cuts 

.   t     .<i>s    Utjuie,   and  should  not 

ucii.     Tlie  short  sketch  of 

Mi   Midler,  of  whose  pcr> 

i  V  wv  know  nothing,  is  in- 

'•ui  lit  for  the  two  poems 

, .  -.up|H>»ed  to  be  found  in 

'I  Koine,  we  could  have 

,K4i   lU't  being  genuine — 

loi  ibttt   p(H.'t's  very  par- 

-. .  x^lto  never  would  have 

.  K  «>-uk  Mud  puny  mould." 

v>.ut\  lUit  nud  beautiful  rc- 
ji^  ^!i.kiui'ter  of  that  most 


'<'r 


,  .'van  .Irii'ipies  Rousseau 


— we  agree  with  Sir  Egertoo  asd  Gra; 
in    their    estimate    of  the    exquisit 
beauty  and    attraction  cf  his  ityle'. 
What  an  extraordinary  speech  wa^ 
that  he  made  to  Conancez — 

"  Savez-voos  poarqaoi  je  donne 
Tasse  une  preference  si  marqa^.  C'e:^^ 
qu'il  predit  mes  malhenrs  dans  one  stan^^^ 
de  sa  Jerusalem.  Cette  stance  n'a  rap- 
port ni  a  ce  qui  precede,  ni  a  ce  qui  suit ; 
en  un  mot,  ellc  est  enrit^rement  inutile. 
Le  Tasse  la  done  fait  involontairement, 
et  sans  la  comprendre,  mala  elle  n'en  est 
pas  moins  claire." 

Sufficient  commendation  is  not  be- 
stowed on  Lord  Brooke's  poetry  ;  the 
most  weighty,  substantial,  and  con- 
densed of  all  in  the  English  language. 
Each  line  is  a  solid  ingot.  The  quo- 
tation from  Sir  P.  Sidney  is  curious, 
in  which,  speaking  of  his  family, 
he  says, 

"I  am  a  Dudley  in  blood,  the  Dnke's 
daughter's  son ;  and  I  do  acknowledge, 
thoui^h  in  all  truth  I  may  justly  affirm, 
that  I  am  by  my  father's  side  of  antient 
and  always  esteemed  gentry  ;  I  do  ac- 
knowledge, I  say,  that  my  rhiefest  honour 
is  tu  be  a  Dudley ;  and  tndy  I  am  glad 
to  have  cause  to  set  forth  the  nobility  of 
that  blood  whereof  I  am  descended." 

Truly,  as  Sir  Egerton  remarks,  this 
preference  of  his  mother's  family  was 
neither  becoming  nor  just ;  it  is  a 
passage  unworthy  his  independent 
spirit,  his  pure  affections,  his  sound 
mind,  and  integrity  of  thought.  In 
personal  character,  and  intrinsic  worth, 
could  the  Duke  of  Northumberland, 
and  his  father  Edmund  Dudley,  com- 
pare with  Sir  Henry  and  Sir  William 
Sydney  ? 

We  have  not  space  to  go  through 
the  second  volume  of  this  work ;  but 
we  cannot  take  our  pen  off  the  sub- 
ject without  expressing  our  cordial  ad- 
miration cf  Sir  Egerton's  continued 
and  zealous  attachment  to  the  litera- 
ture of  his  country.  While,  at  his 
age,  other  men  are  merely  reposing 
after  the  labours  of  life,  or  contracted 
into  selfish  habits  of  sevilc  indulgence. 
Sir  Egerton  writes  with  all  the  per- 
severing vigour  of  youth,  and  is  con- 
tinually sending  forth  eloquent  and 
well-seasoned  Treatises  on  Literature, 
Morals,  and,  above  all,  on  his  favourite 
subject,  Poetrj'.  We  perceive  that  he 
has  advertised  a  Life  of  Milton.  From 


IR35.1 


TIkvikv;. —Warleigh,  hy  Mrs.  Bray. 


6T 


some  |<agea  in  these  voIuibps,  we  cn- 
u-itain  na  doubt  of  the  judgment  and 
icmpcrancc  of  opinion  with  which 
wmc  difficult  subjects  connected  with 
that  biography  will  be  discussed. 


Wwrltigh  ;  or  the  Fatal  Oak  : 
<{f  Devon.    By  Mrs.  Bray. 


a  LfK/end 
3  voU. 


I 


ALTHOUGH  we  Infinitely  prefer 
the  domestic  Novel  to  the  Historical 
Eotnaoce,  or  Legendary  Talc,  we  are 
not  the  less  aware  of  the  great  power 
which  the  latter  may  possess,  when 
directed  by  the  hand  of  genius,  over 
the  tmagioalion  and  feelings.  Each 
ha»  it5i  separate  advantages,  and  each 
tt»  difficulties.  Our  modern  literature 
;'  I  xamptes  of  both  kinds.     Sir 

>tt,  we  presume,  has  attain- 
II!  iin.'  hiyhcst  excellence  in  the  art  of 
•.urrouuding    his    historical    port!ruits 
with     accompaniments     of     interest 
drawn  from  the  fertility  of  his  imagi- 
nation ;    the  fictitious  throwing  new 
splendour  on   the   historical,  and   the 
latter  in  its  turn  giving  a  bold   relief, 
and    real     presence     and     truth,     to 
the  creatures  of  fancy.     In  this  path 
also  Miss  Jane  Porter,  and  Mr.  Horace 
Smith  have  trod ;    but   neither   have 
potfftTifd    the  essential   qualifications 
HtM'sach  narratives,  and  consequently 
both    have   failed   in    their    different 
miys ;  and  we  confess  that  we  could 
never  get  through  ten  pages  of  either 
the  lady's  or  gentlemaa'a  productions. 
For  the  familiar  or  domestic  novel,  we 
have  an  unrivalled  store  in  our  Ian- 
puagi-,  from  the  pages  of  Richardson, 
and  Fielding,  and  Goldsmith,  down  to 
Miss  Barney  and  Mi.*s  Edgworth.  The 
COrreot  has  shifted  a  little  of  late,  and 
raa  as  it  were  somewhere  between  the 
two.   in    what  arc    called    hatmtg    of 
fiukionaltte  life,  in  which   some   real 
characters  from  history  are  introduced ; 
but  ive  hope  and  trust  that  these  are 
already  in  the  ebb,  for  great  part  of 
them  are  false  in  their  representations, 
frJTolouB  in  their  sentiments,  and  rais- 
chtevou*<   in   their  tendency.     Of  one 
tliat  hardly  falls  within  cither  of  these 
classes,    '  Eugene  Aram,'  we  find   it 
impoaaible  to  speak  in  words  of  too 
great  contempt.     For  whom  it  was 
trritten  lo  be  read,  we  cannot  say — it 
night  be  for  a  young  country  curate — 
or  a  romantic  governess  at  Kensing- 


ton-gore ;  but  anything  so  unfaithful 
to  nature,  so  tawdry,  so  false  in  feel- 
ing, so  faae.  and  so  unimaginative,  we 
never  read.  It  was  of  this  work  that 
Lady  Dacrc,  when  asked  her  opinion, 
80  cleverly  said, 

"  It  is  all  false  from  high  to  low,  from 
beginning  to  end.  Even  his  cat  is  not  a 
cat,  it  is  a  dog." 

We  will  not  so  far  belie  our  own 
opinion  as  to  tell  Mrs.  Bray,  that  we 
think  she  has  designed  a  well-con- 
structed plot;  but  we  arc  quite  sure 
that  she  has  written  a  very  clever  and 
interesting  tale,  and  proved  that  she 
possesses  great  fjualifications  as  a 
writer  of  fiction.  Though  she  has 
great  fertility  of  invention,  she  knows 
how  to  select  from  the  abundance  of  her 
materials. 

As  we  are  very  old  and  harmless,  she 
will  permit  us  to  address  her  personally, 
and  say,  "  Mrs.  Bray,  we  think  the  utain 
defect  of  your  novel,  to  l>e  the  want  of  a 
central  fignre  on  whieh  the  chief  interest 
should  be  suspended  ;  on  whot>e  character 
wc  should    look    with     adiairatioa,    and 
whose   fortanes  we   should   watch    with 
anxiety.     This  character  should  stand  out 
in   prominent    relief;    and    every   thing 
should  be  connected  far  and  near  with 
him.     Now  there  is  surely  a  defect  in  the 
sketching  of  the  legendary  group,  if  we 
are  unable   to   decide  at  once,  iwd  point 
this  superior  figure  out  among  the  humble 
crowd.     It  roust  be  either  Amias   R«d- 
chffi-,  or  Sir  John  Copptestone,  but  which 
we  cannot  tell ;  if  either,  they  are  some- 
what defectively  drawn.     Sir  Jubn  Cop- 
plestune  does  not  fill  on  LmportAnt  space 
enough  in  the  fore-part  of  the  volume  to 
be  its  hero ;  and    he  is  too  disgusting  a 
character — a  coarse  and   elum»y   villain. 
Of  Amias  Radchffe,  we  had  hoped  more 
would   have  been    made — and  we   object 
tololly  to  his  death,  for  which  there  was 
no  necoisity.     Mrs.  Bray,  we  think  you 
have  introduced  him  to  our  ac({ua)ntance 
with  effect ;  hut   you  Hbould  have  after- 
wards made  the  events  of  the  novel  more 
immediately  subsidiary  to   hia  interest.'. 
You  should  (for  who  could  better  ?)   have 
contrived  some  adventures  which  should 
hme  fastened  his  character  favourably  in 
our  minds ;  and  you  should  have  mode 
him  at  last  victorious  over  treachery,  and 
crowned  him,    as  all  heroes  should  be 
crowned,    with  happiness  and  marriage. 
We  do  not  go  so  far  as   to  say,   that  in 
narrattven  of  tiction,  virtue  and  inaocence 
.nhuuld    alwatfM  be  triumphant,  and  guilt 
and  treachery  be  punished  ;  though  it  is 


(?2 


RfiViBW. — iVarleigh,  by  Mrs^Uny. 


tJaD. 


most  con§«iual  to  our  feelings  that  it 
Bhould  be  so ;  and  llie  author  is  sure 
tiut  we  shall  sympathijce  irith  the  side  hti' 
ha«  taken.  It  is  oot,  however,  necessary 
that  thi«  should  always  be  the  casc»  for 
we  are  aware  how  unhnished  and  abruptly 
terminated  is  often  the  drama  uf  real  life  ; 
how  often  actions  have  not  time  to  ripen 
into  their  inevitable  resultg,  or  reveal 
their  destined  consequences.  In  such 
cases,  however,  it  becomes  the  duty  of 
the  author  not  to  leave  us  so  abruptly 
disconsolate  ;  but  to  point  as  it  wore  to  a 
spot  beyond  the  framework  of  hia  pic- 
tures, where  the  progress  of  events  should 
(ttill  be  supposed  to  continue,  where  jus- 
tice and  virtue  xhuuld  re4U!Hume  ihdr 
rights;  where  innsceuce  should  agaiB 
smile  in  security,  and  the  guilty  oppressor 
be  the  victim  of  his  own  cruelty.  Nut, 
however,  to  weary  you,  Mrs.  Bruy,  with 
our  dry  crust*  of  criticism,  we  think  that 
you  nre  not  so  successful  in  sketchiag 
character,  as  in  constructing  incidettis  , 
that  the  Intter  are  descrihed  with  spirit 
and  poetic  feeling ;  and  that  your  narra. 
tire  wind.s  gracefully  and  easily  through 
the  different  obstnclea  which  the  passiuns 
and  interests  of  tlie  persons  described  arc 
raising  around  it.  We  have  no  hesitation 
in  saying,  that  your  work  is  written  in 
good  taste — the  style  simple,  manly,  and 
ap^eable — the  reflections  just  and  well 
expressed — nor  have  you  fallen  itvlo  the 
error,  of  which  Scott  himself  is  not  free, 
of  long,  and  too  often  languid  descrip- 
tions of  ancient  customs  and  manners ; 
or  uf  discoui  sing  in  that  stilted  and  sxti- 
ficial  manner,  which  was  adopted  by 
peculiar  classes  and  sets  of  people  in 
former  days ;  and  which,  if  long  con- 
tinued,  in  imitatiuii,  becomes  esceed- 
ingly  tiresome.  Into  this  fault  your 
eabject  might  naturnlly  have  led  you ; 
and  warned,  we  presume,  by  the  wreck  of 
others,  or  rather  guided  by  your  good 
taate  and  sense,  you  have  seldom  given 
cause  for  the  slightest  disapprobation  on 
this  head.  Yon  never  startle  us  by  re- 
volting improbabilities  ;  and  perhaps  the 
only  incident  with  wliich  we  are  not  quite 
tatiafied,  is  the  discovery  uf  the  assassina- 
tion of  Radcliffe  by  the  young  daoghter 
of  the  widow  Rashleigh.  This  might  have 
been  better  managed.  It  is  not  sutEcient 
that  things  should  be  puttible  in  narra- 
tives of  fiction ;  they  should  1»e  so  pro- 
habit  as  to  enter  at  once  with  farility  into 
the  belief-,  and  the  more  probable  should 
be  preferred  to  the  /e»«.  Mrs.  Bray, 
your  descriptions  of  natural  scenery  are 
drawn  with  a  picturesque  selection,  and 
discreet  reaerve,  that  show  not  only  your 
familiar  knowledge  and  love  of  nature, 
bat  your  jodgmeat  and  taste  in  working 


up  your  materials.  But  you  have  laviahed 
too  much  praise  on  the  county  of  Devon, 
whose  peculifU"  beauty  we  think  is  to  be 
found  in  lier  rivers,  for  which  we  grant 
she  ifi  unequalled.  But  we  never  heard 
a  lover  uf  nature,  whose  eye  had  been 
used  to  the  rich  forest  scenery  of  Kent 
and  Sussex,  and  who  had  dwelt,  as  we 
have  done,  among  the  massy  umbrage  of 
those  magtiificent  counties,  who  did  not, 
returning  from  Devonshire,  express  his 
liiNnppuiutmcnt  at  the  nakedness  of  the 
views.  Now  you  would  crop  our  ears  for 
thii« ;  but  nevertheless  it  is  the  word  of 
truth  we  are  uttering.  The  beauty  of 
Devonshire  consists  in  her  bright  views 
from  cliff  and  moor,  of  sea  and  estuary, 
and  land-locked  bay  ;  her  winding  rivers 
gurgling  through  their  shailed  hanks; 
sweet  little  sylvan  nooks,  and  wild  rocky 
glcua,  and  whut  the  ])riititers  would  call, 
'  picturesque  bits  of  foreground.'  But  she 
lacks  the  long  sweep  of  undulating  woods, 
the  huge  beech  furest.<i  now  rich  and  red 
with  the  colours  of  the  winga  of  autumn, 
or  glorious  even  in  the  majesty  of  their 
nokednesft,  and  standing  like  a  brother- 
hood of  giants,  tossing  their  huge  arms, 
and  roaring  and  mocking  at  the  winter's 
blasts.  In  good  sooth,  a  summer's  day 
amid  the  woods  of  luodtf-hoSt,  cir  a  l)c- 
ceui'jer  storm  crashing  and  trampling 
among  the  rocks  of  Up-park,  would 
astonish  the  feeders  on  squab-pie,  and 
cloutcd-creain." 

The  Qovet  opens  in  a  very  spirited 
and  interesting  manner,  and  the  storm 
<for  a  storm,  ever  since  the  days  of 
Horace,  we  must  Imve)  is  not  overdone. 
Dame  Gee  is  well  drawn  (though  we 
have  almoiit  had  enough  of  such  old 
half-crazed  slbylsj,  and  the  introduc- 
tion of  her  idiot  boy,  Ja  one  of  Mrs. 
Bray's  most  pleasing  touches — her 
affection  for  whom  in  the  only  link 
that  binds  her  to  humtinity,  and  gives 
a  truth  and  reality  to  a  picture  that 
wouiii  otherwise  be  totally  repulsive. 
The  tleath-bed  of  Gabriel  is  powerfully 
described — tlioiigh  we  nre  not  advo- 
cates for  bringing  forward  scenes  of 
painful  emotion,  so  early  in  the  dratna. 
We  may  'sup  full  uf  horrors,'  but  it  is 
not  necessary  to  hrealfcut  on  them. 
The  description  of  the  arrival  of  Rad- 
clilfe  at  VVarleigh,  and  Lis  interview 
with  hia  guardian  .Sir  John  Copple. 
stone,  13  amung  the  beat  executed  parta 
of  the  fabie.  and  serves  to  arouse  and 
collect  our  curiosity,  as  we  now  feel 
that  with  these  are  linked  the  great 
fate  and  fortune  of  the  whole,  while 


% 


1835.1 


Rkviei'w. — TAc  Govemourf  by  Sir  T.  Elyot, 


63 


itthenroe  time  the  manner  in  which 
the  plot  is  lo   he    developed  and  con- 
cluded,  is    still    concealed    from    us. 
Thf    circumstances     connected    with 
Reve!  Suodav  on   Taroerton- green,  as 
ihey  are  none     of    them    of  primary 
importance,  appear    a   little  too  long. 
The  jubject  in   the    third   volume  ad- 
Tinces  and  deepens    in  interest,  and 
coodocts    OS      through    many    well- 
imaipned   situations    and   adventures. 
All  we  have  to   object   to.  as  we  said 
before,  is  the   deatU   of  Radcliffe,  and 
the  consequent  transference  of  the  in- 
tenat  to  Elford,   who  takes  his  place 
in dK  reader's  affection;  and  we  dis- 
tMton  of  the    appearance,  and   par- 
Ikwlwly  of  the    speech,   of  Gertrude 
IB  the  gallery    at    p.  234-5.     It   is  to 
ov  tute   too     hif/ft-Jlown    and    melo- 
inmatie.     "We   have  neitlicr  given  an 
aoalvHS  of  the    story,  nor  quotations 
ftom  it ;  because,    every   person   who 
idmim  a   work   of  genius   and  taste, 
will  read  this  book :  it  would  only  dull 
the  rdgc  of  his  curiosity  to  hnve  nur 
doouy  abridgment  inflicted  on  him, 
And  accondly,  no  short  passages,  such 
•a  we  alone'  have  room  for,  would  do 
jutice  to   the    merits  of  Mrs.  Bray's 
ftyle  of  writing  ;  and  so  we  conclude, 

I  cordially  returning  our  thanks  to  her 
Ibr  the  entertainment  she  has  afford- 
Itd  to  our  solitary  hours,  and  for  gild- 
lag  oar  long  November  day  with  a 
brightness  and  a  beauty  thai  was  not 
its  own. 


TV  Book  named  the  Gwfmovr.  dtvited- 
/|  6y  Sir  Tfioma*  FAyot.  Kni.  J  564. 
A  nme  nlition.  by  A.  T.  Eliot,  Scho- 
lar ^f  Cathannf  Hall,  Cambridge. 
UNDER    favour,  we  consider  this 
to  be  the   very  worst  edition  of  any 
Author  that  was  ever  published.     The 
trtie  and  original  treatise  is  a  valuable 
*pecimen  of  the  best  and  purest  Eng- 
lish style  in  the  time  of  Flenry  the 
Eighth  ;   and,  liad  the  Scholar  of  Ca- 
tluLriae-ball  given  us  a  faithful  reprint 
of  the  same,   with   collations   of  the 
di^reot  editions,  he  would  have  ren- 
(kted  an  agreeable  service  to  the  pub- 
lic.    But.   lo!    instead  of  that,    he. 
tkuoM  to   poiteHu   a    very    imperfect 
tiff  ^  hi*  nnmrituke's  work  at  (,'uleS' 
•ao,  nfmni*  it  trithout  ever  thiakiriy 
(/  tradnuf  to  Londim   or  ehetrhere  for 
tferfeet    one.      ThuS,  at    p.  22,    IB  tbc 


following  note  (From  page  14-19.  is 
an  "  hitttus  valde  deflcndua"),  which 
means  not  in  the  work  itself,  but  in 
the  editor's  private  copy.  The  con- 
sequence of  which  is,  that  both  chap- 
ters V.  and  VI.,  are  omitted. 

Again  at  p.  28  we  read.  "  Another" 
hiatus  occurs,  viz.,  from  p.  25  to  43, 
or  eighteen  whole  pages  of  the  origi- 
nal. The  orthography  also,  through- 
out, is  altered  and  modernized,  and 
a  rich  crop  of  mistakes  and  errors 
rises  on  the  surface  of  this  new  edi- 
tion. In  the  original,  hounds  are  de- 
scribed as '  yorning '  i.  c  giving  tongue ; 
the  editor  prints  yawning!  For  '  uo- 
paveyed,'  he  prints  '  unprovided.'  For 
'pttviona,'  pauvons.  For  clayshc- pins, 
a  sort  of  nine-pins,  he  prints  clay- 
she,  pins  ;  and,  to  crown  all,  when  he 
meets  with  the  following  lines, 

Tliough  thy  power  stretchetb  both  for 
and  larj^,  [end; 

Throiieh  India  the  rich  set  at  the  world's 

And  Mede  with  Araby  be  both  under  thy 
charge, 

And  also  Sere*,  that  sillc  to  us  doth  send. 

For  Seres  (the  Chinese),  he  reads 
Ceres,  who  for  the  first  time  has 
changed  her  *  flour  mill '  into  a  '  silk 
mill.'  Such  is  a  small  specimen  of 
the  defect's  of  this  no- reprint;  and, 
even  with  the  knowledge  of  Mr.  We- 
ber's Ford,  and  Mr.  I lartshome's  Me- 
trical Tales,  which  heretofore  we  con- 
sidered as  the  '  tie  pltu  uiirn'  of  bad 
editorship,  we  must  delight  these 
gentlemen  by  informing  them,  that  at 
last  an  editor  has  appeared,  more 
faithless  and  ignorant  than  they. 


An  Essay  on  the  Archuioloyy  of  Popu- 
lar KnyUsh  Phrates  and  Nurrrry 
Wiymes.  By  John  fictlenden  Ker, 
Esq. 

THIS  is  a  'jea  d'espnt'  of  Mr.  Ker, 
formed  oii  the  principle  of  applying 
the  sound  of  the  words  in  our  common 
English  Proverbs,  to  what  he  calls 
the  Low-Saxon  or  Dutch  Language, 
and  thence  extracting  a  eense  which  is 
now  disguised  by  the  English  words. 
We  arc  sure  that  the  Uean  of  St. 
Patrick's  would  have  hugged  the  au- 
thor with  delight  fur  this  glorious  dis- 
covery, and  immortalized  him  in  a 
chupter  of  Maitinus  Scriblcrus.  But 
not  to  detain  our  readers  any  longer 


64  Review. — Ker  on  the  Archa'wlogy  of  English  Phrases.      tJan. 

•  Apple-pie  order.'  —  Happe  heel  Wj 
oord  er.  Every  thing  seizing  its  proper 
place,  and  thus  all  exactly  as  it  should  be. 

'  As  fine  as  Five-pence.'— Hij  is  als 
fign  als  wie  hij  peins.  He  is  about  as 
near  the  point  of  perfection  as  his  own 
thoughts  may  suggest  to  him. 

'  As  fine  as  a  carrot  fresh  scraped.' 

Als  fin  als  ergherucht  wer  es  schraep'd. 
As  superlative  (perfect)  a  person  as  the 
reach  of  the  voice  of  fame  can  cause  such 
person  to  be.         , 

•  As  snug  as  a  bug  in  a  rug.' — Als  8mu% 
als  er  bag  in  de  ruig.  As  snug  as  a  dia> 
mond  in  the  rough  state,  before  the  beauty 
is  brought  to  light  by  the  hand  of  the 
lapidary. 

•  Tag-rag  and  Bob-tail.' — T'  agten  regt 
aen  boev'  te  el,  i.  e.  according  to  the  best 
of  my  judgment,  a  collection  of  bad  ones, 
a  set  of  trumpery,  a  worthless  crew,  got 
away  from  home,  not  in  their  proper 
sphere. 

•  A  finger  in  the  pie.' — Er  whing  ger 
in  de'  paije.  There  covetousness  cleared 
out  part  of  the  fund ;  there  cupidity 
fixed  her  claw  in  the  sum. 

'  With  a  flea  in  his  ear.' — ^Wyst  er  fell 
hij  in  eshier.  He  judged  he  had  been 
wrong  on  this  occasion,  he  was  now  of 
opinion  that  he  had  been  to  blame. 

We  shall  end  our  catalogue  with  the 
explanation  of  a  word,  with  which  no 
one  can  doubt  but  that  the  author  is 
well  acquainted. 

'  Jack -ass.' — Erj'achaes,  i.e.  There 
is  the  creature  of  chance  food.  He  is  turn- 
ed to  seek  his  sustenance  out  of  briars 
and  thistles. 


from  the  treat  that  awaits  them,  we 
will  give  them  a  few  specimens  of  our 
Proverbs  rationalized,  and  terms  ex- 
plained. 

'  Mulligrubs.'  CoUck  — M'enel  lig 
krop's,  t.  e.  my  evil  suffering  is  the  sto- 
mach. 

Hair -breadth  escape. — Ecr  bereid  'es 
keep,  t.  e.  a  place  of  safety  providentially 
prepared  for  this  occasion. 

The  Jack  Ketch.— Die  j'hach  Ketst,  t.e. 
He  that  continues  for  ever  hunting  after 
chance. 

To  Bamboozle.  —  Beaen  beoliezenlen, 
t.  e.  To  grease  over  with  holy  oil. 

Cat  in  Pattens. — Guit  in  pat  engs',  t.  e. 
The  rogue  has  an  anxious  career  to 
pass. 

Every  Dog  has  his  day.— Ijver  doght 
haest  eg  deghe,  t.  e.  Zeal  is  not  long  in 
earning  the  reward  it  deserves. 

Set  a  beggar  on  horseback,  and  he  will 
ride  to  the  Devil. — Set  er  begeerte  aen 
gehoor's  vack,  end  gij  wel  reedh  toe  't 
evel,  i.  e.  Set  Cupidity  at  the  entrance  of 
hearing,  and  yqu  completely  prepare  the 
evil. 

'Teach  your  Grandmother  to  suck 
Eggs.'  Dies  uwer  geraeden  moed,  Heer 
t«e  soek  is,  t.  e.  In  this  case,  sir,  what- 
ever you  can  devise  is  of  no  service. 

'  He  looked  as  melancholy  as  a  Gib 
Cat  ' — Hij  luckt  al  med  aen  Kole  als  en 
kipt  guijt,  t.  e.  His  luck  seems  to  have 
been  of  the  mind  of  that  of  a  thief  who 
has  just  been  nabbed. 

'  Great  Cry  and  Little  Wool.'— Gereijdt 
kraeije  aen  littel  wool.  A  Crow  gets 
ready  upon  a  slight  disturbance. 

'  He  has  got  the  wrong  Sow  by  the  Ear.' 
— '  Hig  haest  gaet  te  rouwen  so  bij  dese 
hier.'  He  will  soon  be  on  the  road  to 
repentance  for  this. 

*  Cat-o-nine-tails.'  —  Guit'-hoonende- 
taeckel,  t.e.  The  rogue  disgracing  tackle. 

'  Cock-a-Hoop.' — Gack  aen  hoop,'  i.e. 
A  fool  in  respect  of  confidence  in,  or 
reliance  upon  expectation. 

'  Cock-and-bull-story.' — Gaek  end  bol 
stoorig.'  Ridiculous  and  distressing  to 
the  understanding. 

'  Hand-over-head.'  —  Aen  de  voor- 
hoedc.  At  the  advanced  guard,  and  thus 
at  the  Post  of  Danger. 

*  He  is  gone  to  Davy's  Locker.' — Hij 
is  gaen  tot  ewigh  lucker.  He  is  gone 
into  eternity,  may  he  meet  with  happi- 
ness. 

'  It  is  all  my  Eye  and  Betty  Martin.' — 
Het  is  al  een  Med  Eil  end  bede  maer 
tijing.  It  is  all  upon  a  footing  with  a 
man's  praying  for  it  to  come  to  pass ; 
and  thus  it  has  no  better  foundation  than 
a  wiah. 


Belgium  and  Holland,  with  a  Sketch  qf 
the  Revolution.  Bg  Pryse  L.  Gor- 
don, Esq.  2  vol.  12mo. 

THE  most  interesting  part  of  this 
work  is  that  which  is  contained  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  second  volume.  The 
author  appears  to  side  with  the  Revo- 
lutionists, and  to  think  that  the  King 
had  justified  the  step  which  the  Bel- 
gians took,  by  the  partiality  he  had 
shown  to  the  Dutch,  as  well  as  by 
some  injudicious  and  oppressive  enact- 
ments. We  think  that  there  might 
have  been  cause  of  a  remonstrance, 
but  none  of  rebellion,  and  that  the 
authorities  at  Brussels,  civil  and  mi- 
litary, deserted  their  duty  in  a  most 
infamous  manner,  in  not  staying  the-' 
torrent  of  folly  and  mischief  in  its  rise. 
Subsequently,  Prince  Ferdinand's  un- 
skilful attack  OR   the  citv,  and.  his 


1835.7  Review. — Gordon's  Be fpium — ClRrke's  ^off/Jwr//.  65 

totaJ  want  of  military  knowledge   in  the  town  of  that  n&mc,  stands   F!ast- 

roadacting  it,  finished   what  timidity  bury,  the  subject  of  the  present  histo- 

iid    Ircttcliery    began.      The   detaila  rical  and  architectural  discourse  :   it  is 

given  by  Mr,  Gordon  are  interest-  on  the  southern   (or  right  hand)  side 

ig  aod    curious.     Although   we    are  of  the  high  road  leading  to  Dagcnhata, 

kop  nl'  lltose,  who  hold  that  no  Eng-  beliind   a    ploughed    land   about    150 

lli^hman  has  any  rir/kf  to  live  pfnna-  yards  deep;  and  seen  at  that  distance, 

[ft^ntly   away  front   his   own  country,  it  presenta  a  strikingly  grand  appear- 

rithout  very  grave  and  sufficient  rca-  ance,  unincumbered  by  any  object  but 

yn,  and  certainly  not  that  he  may  in-  some  outhouses  on  the  western  side,  at 

lalge  at    a  cheaper  rate  in  the  del ica-  theendofthe  lane  leading  t6  the house."^ 

Ctea  of  the  table,  and  the  pleasures  of  To  the  indefatigable  architectural  aat 

riety.  yet  we  will  give  Mr.  Gordon's  r|uary,  everj-  room  of  this  splendid  ape* 

Icolatioo,  formed  on  his  own  expe-  cimen  of  the  residences  of  the  old  Eng- 

rience   of  the   expenses   of  a   family  lish  gentry,  is  perfectly  familiar.   Yet, 

iving   in   Flanders,   which   does   nut  weapprehcnd.toagreatnuraber of resi- 

ippear  to  us  to  be  much  cheaper  Ihaii  dents  in    the  metropolis,  even  among 

je  rural  district*  in  England.     The  those  who  seek  after  such  objects,  this 

^nlculation  is  formed  for  a  family  of  noble   structure,    (situated,  as    it    is, 

three  peraoDS,  and  one  maid  servant.  within  a   few  miles  of  London)  is  a 

NM'"!'iinj.  perfect   stranger.     To   all   those  who 

House  Rent 40  have  any  feeling  for  the  works  of  our 

Dinner.*  aadWiae 120  forefathers;  to  all  those  who  regard 

Drenkfast  and  Tea. . . .      16  with  any  interest  a  class  in  society, 

<.  oftU li  which,   like   their   dw^ellings,  are  be- 

Oil  and  Caadles    ....       7  coming  fast  extinct,  or  merging  in  the 

Waahing 15  peerage;   this  mansion,  crand  even  in 

S«T»«u' W  Aicos  . . . .      10  decav,  must  be  regarded'with  intense 

Sandnes  . .  ^JO  interest.     For  ourstlves,  when  wehad 

..„jjy  walked  in  its  deserted  apartments  and 

traversed  its  forlorn  galleries,  making 

To  which  dothc*.  boots  and  shoes  are  our  way  over  the  exposed  joists  and 

be  added.     We  think  the  chief  ad-  girders,  now  denuded  of  their  ancient 

KBtage  ia  to  be  found  in  tea  and  wine,  oak  floors,  but  once  resounding  with 

lot  ilF  people  leave  their  own  country  the  festal  dance,  when  the  blasts  of  an 

»»  economy,  there  are  we  think  many  English  winter,   sweeping  their  way 

more  suitable  for  residence  than  over   the  wide-spread    levels  of  both 

rila.  The  best  apology  we  know,  shores   of  the   Thames,    howled    un- 

that  of  health,  for  an  ex  patrid  heeded  through  its  gable.s  and  towerf, 

►,  is  the  education  of  children;  and    marred    not    the    mirth    of    the 

should  cease  as   soon  as ,  the  Christmas    revellers  within    the    pile, 

ii    fulfilled.      Anything   that  these  reflections  crowded  fast  on  mir 

lyaor  weakens  a  feeling  of  Jia/to-  mind,  and,  contrasting  them  with  the 

titf,  is  to  be  deeply  deplored  ;  and  present  state  of  the  mansion.  Ihey  ccm- 

lilig  surely  acts  so  strongly  in  dis-  spired  to  produce  feelingi*  of  mdan- 

[•olvtog  it,  aa  a  continued   residence  choly   sorrow.      The    tlccaying    wall 

•JDong  those   who    neither  speak   its  plates,  the  many  defeeLs  in  the  tiled 

kagaa^c,  approve*  ila   nianaerB,    nor  covering,  all  pointed  but  too  plainly  to 

for  its*  interests.  a  period  not  far  distant,  when  roofless 

and    unprotected,   the   walls   of  this 

,.,  .,,  ,    ,        _,  once  hospitable  mansion  will  vield  to 

>»«ry.    dlu,trnt.d    by     ElrmtimM.  ^he  hand  of  destruction,   and  present 

Plan,.    Sr^twns.    ttew».    and  other  ^^]     .  „^,  ^f   bricks  and    rubbish 

M,neat,o»^.  mr«Mr«/.    drawn,    ea-  overgrown  with  rank  weeds  and  pa- 

grnr^.  ami  archiMurally  df-^cr,M  ^-^^^^^^  ^j^ruh^  ;  then  wi II  Mr .  Clarke's 
fly  Thomas  Hutcb.nga  Clarke;  .«/ A         -^^^  ^,,,„^  ,i,„^.  „^  ..(.sterity  the  fine 

an    Hutortcal    Slcelck.    by    William  beauties  of  Eastbury, 
Heury  Black.     Folio.  ,-     *r„ 

A  pue  more  houourcil  m  its  fall 
••  IN  the  emtensive  parish  of  Bark-         Than  gew-gnw  mansions  of  the  vainly 
If.  fEsse^t)  about  a  mile  distant  frnni  great. 

Gf.vt.  Mag.  Vor..  III.  K 


66 


Rkview. — Clarke's  Eastbury. 


[Jan. 


The  mansions  erected  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  avoiding  the  sometimes 
gloomy  character  of  the  older  domestic 
architecture,  possess  not  only  the  com- 
forts of  the  English  country  hoase, 
but  by  retracing  the  hall  and  gallery  of 
the  older  structures,  have  sufficient 
space  for  show  and  grandeur.  Time 
was  when  the  landlord  of  these  pleas- 
ing mansions,  sitting  on  his  dais,  saw 
his  hall  crowded  with  happy  tenants, 
with  the  same  cheerfulness  bringing 
their  rents  to  his  steward  as  they 
joined  in  the  substantial  and  good 
cheer  which  covered  their  tables, 
whilst  the  ample  kitchen  welcomed 
the  more  humble  class  of  dependants, 
the  agricultural  labourer — not  a  de- 
jected discontented  pauper,  grinning 
with  painful  satisfaction  at  the  fire 
which  had  devastated  his  master's 
well-stored  farm-yard,  but  a  being 
conscious  that  even  he  held  a  rank  in 
society,  feeling  valued  in  his  station, 
and  as  proud  and  independant  in  his 
cottage  as  his  lord  was  in  his  man- 
sion. 

Eastbury-house  presents  one  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  the  Elizabethan 
mansions ;  and  it  is  highly  gratifying 
to  see  its  merits  are  sufficiently  appre- 
ciated as  to  be  made  the  subject  of  a 
separate  work. 

Mr.  Black,  the  author  of  the  histo- 
rical portion  of  the  treatise  before  us, 
by  the  aid  of  documents  lent  to  him  by 
the  present  owner  of  the  freehold,  has 
endeavoured  to  trace  the  name  of  the 
builder ;  but  this  is,  after  all,  a  matter 
solely  of  conjecture. 

Previously  to  the  Dissolution,  the 
site,  with,  perhaps,  a  structure  of  an 
humbler  character,  was  the  property  of 
the  Benedictine  Nunnery  of  Barkmg. 
It    was  at  Michaelmas,    1545,  pur- 
chased,  with   other  portions  of  the 
spoils  of  the  abbey,  by  Sir  William 
Denham.    a  citizen  of  London.     He 
lived  only  three  years  after  obtaining 
possession  of  Eastbuiy,  and  was  buried 
m  Barking  church,  in  London.    We 
recollected  the  name  of  Denham  in 
connexion  with  this  church,  and  on  re- 
ferring to  our  notes,  found  that  a  plain 
stone  on  the  north  side  of  the  altar, 
wiUkoat  nrms  or  effigy,  had  the  foUow- 
.  {awription  to  the  memory  of  his 
« ftad  DimMlf.  although,  according 
g^,  he  WM  not  buried  pursuant 
JB  rvquwt*  M  conveyed  on  the 


epitaph,  but  in  the  church-yard  of 
All  Hallows,  Barking. 

9n  tbitf  tiatote  feere  unbrr  litbe  ^lija- 
iietb.  lacr  wi^fie  tanto  n^iniam  idenbam, 
XlOreman  of  llontion,  anb  JMaccbannc 
of  t^e  tftaple  of  Calei?^.  u6o  bq^artet 
tonto  ^ob  on  IDebnedtia?,  ac  to  of  p* 
cloh'at  afttr  no'tta?,  <C#tettBe1ie,  of  p* 
la»bai?  of  .IQarcfee,  Sl°l|i  1540. 

SnO  b?  ?•  grace  of  J&ob  ?•  tfaib  Wii- 
{iam  9e'Jbam  purportetb  to  .Tie  hn  (rr, 
tobo  brparteb  bnto  l3ob  p*  bap  of  X*  b*. 

It  does  not  appear  that  Alderman 
Denham  was  the  builder  of  the  present 
house,  for  he  scarcely  held  the  pro- 
perty long  enough  to  justify  the  sup- 
position of  the  house  being  erected  in 
his  time.     He  bequeathed  the  estate  to 
his  daughter,  whose  husband  sold  it, 
in   1557»  to  John  Keele,  who  again 
sold  it,  the  same  year,  to  Clement  Sis- 
ley,  esq.     It  is  not  improbable  that  the 
Alderman  and  his  successor,   Keele, 
were  mere  traders  in  the  Abbey  lands, 
which  had   been  originally  procured 
from  the  Crown  at  a  cheap  rate,  and 
that  thb  Sisley  was  the  first  indepen- 
dent gentleman  who  settled  upon  the 
spot,  and  he,  according  to  Mr.  Black, 
"  must  claim  the  honour  of  being  the 
author  and  first  occupier  of  the  new 
structure."     He  acquired  the  estate  in 
1557>  and  is  proved,  by  documentary 
evidence,  to  have  held  it  in  1575 ;  and 
that  he  built  it  within  that  period  is 
corroborated  by  a  traditionary  state- 
ment, that  the  date  1572,  cut  in  brick- 
work, previously  existed  in  the  halL 

The  builder  having  been  ascertained, 
the  historian  of  tiie  mansion  has 
little  more  to  record.  He  discredits 
the  connection  of  this  house  with 
the  Gunpowder-plot  conspirators,  and 
traces  its  possessors  to  the  present 
time.  For  nearly  a  century  it  has 
been  reduced  to  the  state  of  a  &rm- 
house,  and  about  50  years  ago  it  waa 
so  much  neglected,  "that  ever  since 
its  ruin  has  been  hastening."  At  pre- 
sent only  two  rooms  and  the  kitchen 
are  occupied,  by  labourers  and  their 
families,  in  the  employment  of  the  pre- 
sent lessees. 

The  plan  of  the  house  shows  a  centre 
and  two  wings,  disposed  in  the  form 
of  a  Roman  H.  The  elevation  shows 
two  stories  above  the  ground-floor. 
The  hail  is  in  the  centre :  it  had  its 
dais  and  screen,  and  on  the  second 
floor  in  each  wing  is  a  gallery,  running 


1935.]       Review. — Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genealogica. 


C7 


entire  length  of  the  building:  that 
the  eastern  side  is  painted  in  fresco, 
figures  on  niches  ;  and  a  large 
im  over  the  hall  is  also  decorated  in 
similar  style.     The  staircases  were 
sotained  in  spacious  octagonal  towers, 
of  which  is  destroyed  ;  the  other 
aa  important  feature  in  every 
iw  of  the  building. 
The  material  of  which  the  walls  are 
>nktmcted    is   red    brick,    "  laid   on 
aglish  bond,  so  fine  and   iinii,  that 
lers'  external  ornament  and  moulding 
cut  on  it  as  well  as  if  on  masonry  ; 
even  the  jambs,  raullions,  triiri- 
as,  and  labels  of  the  windows  are 
lely  wrought  ia  the  aame  material, 
iwph  they  have  since  been  stuccoed 
imitation  of  stone."     The  house  has 
iffered  from  neglect,  and  not  addi- 
for  scarcely  a  modern   alteration 
in  any  part.     An  almost  con- 
leous   building  will  best  as- 
in    corroborating  the  traditional 
of  this  structure.      This  is  the 
il  of  the  Middle   Temple,  and.  in 
with  Eastbury,  the  existence 
of  a  date,  which  appears  a  document 
of  great  value  in  every  ancient  build- 
m^  has  been  disregarded-    Some  years 
•inec.  the  date,  1595,  was  to  be  seen 
[there;    and  a  Correspondent  of  ours 
Itched  the  brief  opportunity  afforded 
.casual  view  of  the  frame  which 
ined  it,  then  lying  among  some 
kh,  during  a  repair,  to  record  its 
eiisteoce  in  our  pages.*     The  door- 
way within  the  porch  had  a  Pointed 
arcn.  much  resembling  the  principal 
tatrance  at  Eastbury,  and  the  detail  of 
the  architecture  would,  in  all  its  parts, 
more  closely  agTce  with  that  structure 
if  it  had  not  suffered  very  greatly  from 
injudicious  alterations  ;  although,  we 
raoat  admit,  these  evils  have  recently 
been  in  part  remedied. 

The  sixteen  copper-plates,  from  draw. 
ing*  and  measurements  of  every  part  of 
the  baildiog,  by  Mr.  Clarke,  some 
being  eograved  by  his  own  hand,  and 
atberB  by  Mr.  Stone,  show  the  princi- 
pal paita  of  the  maasioQ.  The  eleva- 
tions are  boldly  given,  an  a  targe  scale, 
and  the  parts  with  the  iidelity  of 
working  drawings.  We  do  not  recng- 
a'ne  among  the  subjects  engraved  a 
small  niche  in  the  hall,  having  the  ap- 
[Karancc   of  a   receptacle  for  a  holy 

•  Gent.  Maf .  voL  xcvi.  pt.  ii.  p.  3^0. 


water  basin,  the  singularity  of  which 
renders  it  deserving  of  notice.  We 
have  no  space  to  enter  into  a  detailed 
account  of  these  plates.  Their  ddclity 
is  great,  and  their  utility  to  any  archi- 
tect who  may  prefer  buildings  of  solid 
materials,  brick  and  timber,  to  the 
tlimsy  lath  and  piaster  of  the  present 
day,  is  unquestionable.  We  have  no 
hesitation  in  earnestly  recommending 
this  publication  to  our  aatiquarian 
readers';  attention,  feeling  certain  that 
if  the  publication  effects  for  Eastbury 
no  other  benefit,  it  will,  at  least, 
show  to  posterity  a  faithful  representa- 
tion of  its  features,  when  that  con- 
suinniatiun,  so  much  to  be  dreaded, 
shall  have  arrived,  and  thia  pure  maa- 
sion  shall  exist  no  longer. 


Collectanea  TopogrnpMcaet  Gmifalogica. 
Parts  111.— VU.     Royal  Octavo. 

WE  are  much  pleased  to  observe  the 
useful  progress  of  this  Magazine  of 
original  and  sterling  information,  which 
is  now  approaching  the  close  of  the  se- 
cond volume.  The  copy  it  contains  of 
all  Dugdale's  raauuscript  corrections 
to  hii  ovk-n  copy  of  the  Baronage, 
would  alone  *itamp  it  with  a  character 
of  value.  The  catalogue  of  Monastic 
Cartularies,  which  is  also  now  com- 
pleted, ia  acknowledged  to  be  an  ela- 
borate and  very  useful  performance ; 
as  is  the  list  of  the  sales  of  Bishops* 
lands.  Those  abstracts  of  cartularies 
which  have  been  given,  are  fraught 
with  information  to  the  topographer  ; 
though  it  is  true  they  arc  not  the 
most  interesting  portion  of  the  work 
to  the  general  reader. 

With  respect  to  individual  places, 
the  principal  use  of  this  collection  is, 
to  preserve  any  detached  fragments  or 
stray  documents  which  might  other- 
wise be  lost.  The  rule  pursued  by  the 
Editors,  that  nothing  should  be  in- 
serted that  has  been  printed  before, 
precludes  any  complete  topographical 
mcmnirs.  nor  could  much  in  that  way 
be  effected  within  the  limits  of  a  quar- 
terly Magazine  ;  but  the  same  regu- 
lation will  greatly  enhance  the  con- 
centrated value  of  the  work  as  a 
standard  book  of  reference,  containing 
what  is  not  to  be  found  elsewhere. 

The  illustration  of  Genealogy  re- 
quires less  space,  and  it  is  certainly  in 
this   department   that  the   most   has 


wB 


llEviisw. — Collectanea  Topographica  et  Genealogica. 


been efftcted by  tlie Collectanea.  Among 
the  longest  articles  of  u  general  bettrinK, 
are  the  series  of  pudigrces  from  the 
Plea  Rolls,  tind  those  of  families  re- 
lated to  the  Blood  Koyal,  compilwl  by 
Sir  Thomas  Wrinthesley,  Garter  King 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Seventh. 
Those  who  doubt  the  importance  of 
Geuealogy  as  an  attendant  on  His- 
tory, that  is,  as  a  key  to  the  motives 
and  influences  operating  upon  the 
actions  and  fortunes  of  statesmen,  need 
only  look  to  what  has  recently  passed 
before  their  eyes  in  the  history  of  this 
country,  in  order  to  take  a  familiar 
illustration  which  will  at  once  be  in- 
telligible to  alL  A  north-country 
gentleman^  of  a  family  not  previously 
remarkable,  except  for  wealth  arising 
from  collieries,  having  become  the  son- 
in-law  of  a  late  Piime  Minister,  has 
not  only  been  elevated  to  the  Peerage, 
and  abortly  after  to  the  title  of  iCarl  of 
that  county  which  had  previou5>ly 
been  held  sacred  as  an  episcopal  pala- 
tinate, but  is  now  accustomed  to  make 
it  his  oidJaary  boast,  that  Ae  was  the 
author  of  that  important  Act  of  Par- 
tiament,  which  has  wrought  a  most 
serious  change  in  the  constitution  of 
the  country.  Now  what  has  put  for- 
ward this  personage  to  tigure  thus  in 
history  .'  Is  it  not  the  yenealvt/ical 
circumstance  that  he  was  the  son-iu- 
Inw  of  Karl  Grey,  and  was  tlius  intro- 
duced to  the  station  of  a  Cabinet 
Minister? 

Why  was  the  Duke  of  Somerset 
made  Protector  to  King  Edward  VI., 
and  his  brother  Lord  Admiral .'  not 
from  anycommandiag  talents,  but  be- 
cause they  were  the  King's  uncles. 
Why  were  Lord  Rivers,  and  iheGteys, 
and  others,  sacrificed  by  the  Protector 
Gloucester  ?  only  because  they  were 
the  King's  maternal  relatives.  What 
intriiduccd  to  wealth  and  power  iti 
England,  the  foreign  family  of  Va- 
lence .'  their  relationship  to  Henry 
IIL  What  that  of  Beaumont  r  their 
relationship  to  Edward  II.  What,  in 
tlie  feudal  agea  especially,  has  elevated 
nearly  every  great  family  ?  we  need 
scarcely  answer — their  alliances.  How 
originated  a  vast  number  of  the  Writs 
of  Summons  to  Pdrliament ;  from 
the  parties  having  married  the  dow- 
apTs  of  Earls  or  Barons.  Or,  to  rr- 
turn  t"  a  more  general  view,  why  did 
one  fa'nily  adhere  to  the  While   Kosc 


and  another  to  the  Red?  We  shall 
find  them  connected  in  blood  with 
some  of  the  principal  chieftains  of  their 
respective  parties.  Why  was  one  dis- 
trict more  devoted  to  the  Royal  caase, 
and  another  to  the  Parliamentarian } 
Why  have  the  Roman  Catholics  re- 
mained nnmerous  here,  and  the  Prca- 
byterians  prevaile*!  there  r  These  and 
similar  historical  and  statistical  facts 
wc  shall  tind  explained  by  the  alliances 
of  predominant  families. 

And,  if  we  should  be  told  that  it  is 
only  in  some  instances  that  such  his- 
torical interest  is  found  to  attach  to 
pedigrees,  whilst  most  uf  them  can 
only  be  interesting  to  the  parties  con- 
cerned, we  answer, — tht-n,  in  an  an- 
cient pedigree  observe  how  many  are 
concerned ;  how  widely  is  the  blood 
di (fused  ;  in  how  many  ways  is  one 
ancient  house  connected  with  another. 
Nearly  every  old  family  in  the  west  of 
England  is  descended  from  the  Plan- 
tagcoets.  through  the  Coiirtenaj'S  : 
nearly  half  the  Peerage  through  theTu- 
dors.  How  extensively  is  the  founder's 
kin  of  Chtchtley  and  of  WycLham  dif- 
fused, with  its  concomitant  advantages* 
an  inheritance  which  ought  to  be  (and 
we  trust  ever  will  be)  esteemed  a  pro- 
perty as  sacrrd  as  any  other. 

The  nriditinns  to  Dugdate's  Ba- 
ronaue  will,  we  understand,  be  con- 
cluded in  the  present  volume,  of  which 
they  con&tituie  a  large  and  important 
portion.  Of  the  same  class  of  articles 
are  two  very  elaborate  memoirs,  one  of 
the  family  of  Foljambe,  of  Derbyshire, 
and  the  other  of  that  of  Rookwood  of 
Suffolk,  compiled  in  the  reign  of  James 
L,  besidles  a  very  curious  |joe/iV«i  his- 
tory of  the  family  of  Maunsell. 

The  latter  part  of  the  long  memoirs 
of  the  family  of  Foljambe,  contains 
copies  of  some  curious  letters  and 
other  intcre^iting  dr>cuments.  Among 
thtm  is  a  letter  of  Privy  Seal,  from 
Queen  Elizabeth  to  Godfrey  Foljambe, 
esci-.  in  1589,  retjuiring  a  loan  of  &0l. 
towards  the  defence  nf  the  kingdom 
against  the  Spaniards ;  and  a  letter 
from  the  Kame  Ciod(rey  Koljarobe  to 
the  Earl  of  Shrewsbury,  also  written 
in  1589,  complaining  of  "  sundry  green 
heads  in  Chesterfield,"  who,  in  tlie 
previous  yeiir,  had  "  practised  divers 
abuses  and  disurdei!),  under  the  pre- 
li'«ic»',  colour,  or  narnc  of  a  Lord  of 
May,"  and  rrriuuftting  his  l.,ordship'9 


I 

M 


183$.^     Rkvibw. — Collectanea  Topographka  et  Genealogica. 


69 


jce  to  prevent  the  repetition  of 
like  disordered  evils." 
Be  of  the  roost  interesting  genealu- 
articles    is    that  on  two  junior 
Jes  of  the  great  house  of  I'ercy  ; 
It  of  Beverley,  and  the  second 
laton  and  Cam  bridge,  descended 
[the    Gunpowder   Conspirator  ; 
lere  shown  to  have  derived  their 
it  from   the   fourth  son  of  the 
Earl   of  Northumberlaod.     In 
iestf   lines,  and   in  that  of  the  late 
iishnp    of   Dromore,    male    heirs    of 
illustrious    house   are  shown   to 
kve  existed  for  a  hundred  and  forty 
aAer  the  presumed  extioctioo  of 
K«.rldom,  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
Second.     The  only  legal  obstacle 
the  way  of  the  accession  of  Percy 
Beverley,  was  the  attainder  of  1572, 
rhich  the  advisers  of  the  Crown  could 
ive  made  no  difficulty  in  removing, 
id  he  possessed  sufficient  acquaiot- 
>ce  with  his  right«,  and  sufficient  in- 
lueucc,  to  have  urged  his  Just  claims. 
«Jo    not   tind.    however,    that   lie 
"oubled  himself  in  the  matter.     His 
in.  Mr.  Francis  Percy,  the  great- 
Iftoo  of"  Gunpowder  Percy,"  and 
"  ttanr-cutttr"  of  Cambridge 
rarda  Mayor,  in  1709},  was  less 
bnt  he  failed  in  tracing  com- 
Jetely    his  descent  from   the    Earls, 
collected,  indeed,  certain  ccrtifi- 
llea    which,    in   the   opinion  of  Sir 
riniam    Dugdale.  to  whom  he  sub- 
them.  proved  ihiit  he  wa.?  li- 
ly de»ceuded  from  Thomas  Percy, 
■pinitor  ;   but  he  derived  the 
r'p   parentage  erroneously  ; 
t,  he  made  him  great-grandson 
h  Earl,  instead  of  his  great- 
Thus,    when   the    Earldoip 
»e  dormant,  the  elder  heir  was 
:,  »nd  the  junior  was  at  fault; 
ad,  what   is   remarkable,  a  letter  is 
^^pnacrved   of    Sir   William    Dugdale. 
dated    IG81,  advising  him  tu  furbear 
itD  urging  his  claims  under  the  then 
,  circumstances.    The  King  had 
c-ady   created    one  of  his    natural 
iildren  Earl  of  Northumberland,  and 
ic  question  was  otherwise  under  an 
odour,  from  the   ungrounded  as- 
jplions  of  one  James  Percy,  a  trunk- 
who    some    years   after   was 
»cvd   by  the  House  of  l^rds  to 
in  NVe^tminsterllall,  wearing  a 
r,  designating   him  %a   "  A  fahr 
mutkfit  prrtendcr   to  the   FMrl- 


dom  of  Northumberland."     Such  an 
example  might   have  been  enough  to 
deter  any    Percy  from   pursuing  hia 
claim;  though,  on  the  death  of  Mr. 
Percy  of  Biwerley,  two  years  after  this 
occurrence,    we   find    the  Cambridge 
Alderman  actually   became  the  heir- 
raale  uf  the   family.      He  does   not, 
however,  appear  to  have  taken    any 
further  steps.     The  royal  scion  (whoj 
wad  now  Duke  uf  NorthumberlandXi 
lived  until  1716;  and  in  1749  a  ne^ 
Earldom  was  created  to  the  heir  fe/ 
male  of  the  last  Earl,  which  is  now 
enjoyed  by  the  Pcrcies,  whose  original 
patronymic  was  Smithsou.     The  true 
descent  of  the  Cambridge  Percies,  and 
with  them  that  of  those  of  Beverley,  is 
now  lirst  published.     For  this  highly 
interesting  article  the  subscribers   ti^^ 
the  Collectanea  are  indebted  to  Mr«; 
Young,  York  Herald. 

It  j.s  followed  by  the  will  of  tha4 
fourth  Karl  of  Northumberland,  com- 
municated by  the  late  Mr.  Surtees,  ii 
which  is  bequeathed  "  to  Gesselyne, 
my  sone,  lands  in  Sussex."  This 
Gesselyne,  or  Josceline,  was  grand- 
father of  the  conspirator.  His  own 
will  is  added ;  as  ia  that  of  George 
Percy,  the  Prebendnr)'  of  Beverley* 
whose  remarkable  effigy  still  remninj 
in  that  minster.  He  desired  to  be 
there  buried,  "  in  insula  boreali  jyxta 
turn  ti  (um  D  'ne  Elia  norc  de  Percy,  "which 
cJause  fully  confirms  the  identity  of 
the  latter,  as  suggested  iu  tlie  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  vol.  c.  i.  2O0  (where 
a  plate  of  the  now  united  monuments 
will  be  found'),  with  that  noticed  in  the 
almost  parallel  words  of  Leiand,  "  Un- 
der (below)  Eleanor's  tombe  is  buried 
one  of  the  Percy's,  a  priest." 

There  are  several  other  wills  derived 
from  tlic  registry  of  York,  which  were 
communicated  by  the  late  amiable 
historian  of  Durham,  That  of  John 
Dautre,  14S9,  is  a  very  extraordinary 
specimen  of  superstition.  He  desires 
to  be  buried  before  an  image  of  Saint 
John,  whom,  before  all  other  Saints, 
he  had  from  hia  youth  held  in  maximn 
nrdnria  amare,  in  the  hope  that  the 
beatissimiii  Juhannfn  might  intercede 
with  his  holy  prayers  pr>>  me  mitero 
Jokanm.  He  bequeathed  to  his  spi- 
ritual fathi-T,  William  Langton,  a  boo| 
which  the  blessed  Richard  le  Scio( 
had,  and  carried  in  his  hoxnm  at  the  titnifj^ 
nf  hia  decapitation  ;  dtsiring  that,  after ' 


70 


Tbe  Axxi'ALB. — Book  of  Beamtg. 


[J« 


Laogton'R  death,  it  shoald  be  ckahi'd 
ffjT  ever  ntar  the  place  of  mt  of  the 
fcajd  Richard.  To  his  brother.  Gay 
Fairfax,  lie  bequeathed  a  grfat  refktrr 
which  had  ^lelooged  to  IViUiam  Gmt- 
etrtfw:,  Jmrtii-*  ttf  England.  Moreorer. 
he  bf^queathed  to  the  most  blessed,  hia 
bclovfd  Hnint,  Richard  Scrope,  a  set 
of  beads  of  coral,  fifty  in  number,  with 
gilt  jewels,  for  the  aid  of  his  canoniza- 
tion, "  Qwtd  Deua  cometdat  pro  magna 
gratia  nua .'" 

In  tbi*  documents  relative  to  St. 
John's  Hospital,  CoTentry,  we  find,  in 
1444,  the  particulars  of  the  founda- 
tion of  a  bfid  therein,  which  was  to  be 
called,  after  its  founder,  "  Blakeman's 
bed,"  and  "  to  be  placed  in  a  certain 
part  of  the  church  of  the  said  hospital, 
on  the  west,  near  the  door,  and  near 
the  buttery  of  the  i)oor  there." 

The  abstract  of  the  Red  Book  of  St. 
Asaph,  though  hastily  executed  (about 
two  centuries  ago,  and  the  original  is 
now  lost),  presents  a  good  example  of 
the  contents  of  such  episcopal  regis- 
ters. It  seems  to  be  a  sort  of  com- 
mon-place-book of  the  acts  of  the 
Bishops,  chiefly  of  the  1 3th  and  14th 
centuries,  and  contains  several  curious 
particulars.  Tlie  text-hook  of  the 
Gospels,  belonging  to  the  church  of 
St.  Asaph,  commonly  called  "  Ercne- 
gylten, "  is  twice  mentioned.  The 
silver  plate  of  Bishop  Anian,  in  the 
13th  century,  is  enumerated ;  as, 
"13  discos  magnos,  3  mediocres,  6 
sauceria  magna,  1 1  parva."  In  1295 
we  find  this  remarkable  provision,  on 
account  of  the  wars  ;  that  the  Canons, 
by  two  and  two,  shoald  appoint  be- 
tween them  one  Vicar  ;  that  four 
Priests  should  live  in  one  house,  and 
live  on  common  provisions.  On  the 
same  account  Bishop  Anian  petitioned 
the  Pope  to  remove  the  see  of  St. 
Asaph  from  the  plain,  to  a  place  where 
tlic  noble  King  Edward  had  provided 
a  site  well  defended  with  ditches  and 
towers.  This  was  the  castle  of  Rudd- 
lan.  In  an  ordination  for  the  cathedral 
service,  made  in  1296,  it  was  provided, 
inter  alia,  that,  besides  the  matins, 
canoDical  hours,  and  vespers,  there 
should  be  daily  sung  in  the  choir, 
two  masses — the  great  mass,  and  that 
of  the  blessed  Virgin.  Particular  at- 
tendances were  assigned,  as  at  present, 
to  the  holders  of  certain  stalls  and 
benefices.     The   Archdeacon  was  to 


provide  one  priest  or  larman,  beme 
eamtanlm  H  ad  orgama  Imdemiam,  and 
two  of  the  Prebendaries  were  to  find 
foar  boys,  bnf  eamtamiea,  called  "  qae> 
resters."  Another  Prebendary  was  to 
pay  10s.  annually  to  the  aagmentaticm 
of  the  salary  of  the  water-carrier,  who 
was  to  be  present  daily  in  the  church. 
with  the  other  servants,  dnring  the 
times  of  divine  service. 

There  are  some  passages  of  eqnal 
cariosity  in  another  article,  the  An- 
nals of'Crokesden  Abbey.  In  1 368 
the  Abbat  bought,  for  fifty  raarits,  a 
Bible,  in  nine  volumes,  optima  gto- 
tatam,  by  Salomon,  Archdeacon  of 
Leicester.  In  1294,  on  account  of  the 
war  with  Gascony,  the  merchants  did 
not  buy  the  wools  of  England,  and 
the  monks,  consequentlv,  could  hardly 
sell  theirs  at  seven  marks  a  pack.  In 
1313,  when  the  great  bell  of  the  mo- 
nastery was  broken.  Master  Henry 
Michel  of  Lichfield  came  to  found  an- 
other, and  after  working  at  it  with 
his  boys  ftom  the  octaves  of  the  Tri- 
nity to  the  nativity  of  the  Virgin  (that 
is,  for  about  twelve  weeks),  faiieid  in 
the  casting,  and  lost  ail  his  labour  and 
expense.  He  had  evidently  taken  the 
work,  as  usual,  by  contract.  How- 
ever, having  recommenced  his  work, 
for  which  he  provided  a  great  portion 
of  new  brass  and  tin,  he  finished  his 
business  about  the  feast  of  All  Saints, 
that  is,  in  two  months  more. 

With  these  slight  extracts  we  most 
conclude,  bidding  the  editors  and  con- 
tributors to  the  work  to  proceed  and 
prosper. 

THE  ANNUALS. 
The  Book  of  Beautg,  edited  by  Ladt 
Blessinoton. — We  hesitated  for  many 
a  hour  to  whom,  among  the  rival  beaaties 
who  adorn  this  volume,  we  shoald  award 
the  golden  prize.  In  ftncy  we  sappoaed 
ourselves  seated  like  the  Shepherd  of 
Ida,  (the  engraver  standing  like  Mer- 
cury at  our  elbow),  and  the  resplendent 
goddesses  of  Almack's  advancing  to  pat 
forth  their  claims.  The  Cotmteu  t^ 
Wilton  spoke  most  persuasively,  and  we 
hesitated :  but  her  face  was  not  quite 
oval  enough  fur  our  taste,  and  there  was 
a  little  heavineits  about  her  chin.  L>ady 
Elizabeth  Leviaon-Gotrer  we  could  not  get 
a  sight  of,  the  dressmaker  and  pemiquier 
having  so  concealed  her  in  their  works. 
/fefri»'«hand8weresolarge,as  to  make  her 
high  descent  and  noble  blood  very  doubt- 


water  basin,  the  singrilarity  of  which 
renders  it  deserving  of  notice.  We 
have  no  bpace  to  enter  into  a  detailed 
account  of  these  plates.  Tlicir  fidelity 
is  great,  and  their  utility  to  any  archi- 
tect who  may  prefer  buildings  of  solid 
materials,  brick  and  timber,  to  the 
flimsy  lath  and  plaster  of  the  present 
day,  is  unquestionable.  We  have  no 
hesitation  in  earnestly  recommending 
this  publication  to  our  antiquarian 
re&ders't  attention,  feeling  certain  that 
if  the  publication  effects  for  Eastbury 
nn  other  bentfit,  it  will,  at  least, 
show  to  posterity  a  faithful  representa- 
tion of  its  features,  when  that  con- 
summation, so  much  to  be  dreaded, 
shall  have  arrived,  and  this  pure  mao- 
Bton  shall  exist  no  longer. 


1635.]]        RcviBW. — Collectanea  Topograpkica  et  Genealogica 


the  entire  length  of  the  building  :  that 
on  the  eastern  side  is  painted  in  fresco, 
with  figures  on  niches  ;  and  a  large 
room  over  the  hall  is  al^o  decorated  in 
a  similar  style.  The  staircases  were 
contained  in  spacious  octagonal  towers, 
one  of  which  is  destroyed  ;  the  other 
forms  an  important  feature  in  every 
view  of  the  building. 

The  material  of  which  the  walls  are 
coDStructed    is    red    brick,    "  laid   on 
English  bond,  so  fin«  and   firm,  that 
every  external  ornament  and  moulding 
is  cut  on  it  as  well  a5  if  un  masonry  ; 
and  even  the  jambs,   mullions,  tran- 
soms, and  labels  of  tlie  wmdows  are 
finely  wrought  in  the  same  material, 
though  they  have  since  been  stuccoed 
in  imitation  of  stone."     The  house  has 
suffered  from  neglect,  and   not  addi- 
tion, for  scarcely  a  modern   alteration 
appears  in  any  part.     An  almost  con- 
temporaneous   building   will   best   as- 
sist  in   corroborating   the  traditional 
date  of  tliis  Rtructure.      This  is  the 
hall  of  the  Middle   Temple,  and,   in 
common  with  Eastbury,  the  existence 
of  a  date,  which  appears  a  document 
of  great  value  in  every  ancient  build- 
ing, has  been  disregarded.    Some  years 
since,  the  date,  1595,  was  to  be  seen 
there;    and  a  Correspondent  of  ours 
snatched  the  brief  opportunity  afforded 
by  a  casual  view  of  the  frame  which 
contained  it.  then  tying  among  some 
rubbish,  during  a  repair,  to  record  its 
existence  in   our  pages.*     The   door- 
way within  the  porch   had  a  Pointed 
arch,  much   resembling  the  principal 
entrance  at  Eastbury,  and  the  detail  of 
the  architecture  would,  in  all  its  parts, 
more  closely  agree  with  that  structure 
if  it  had  not  suffered  very  greatly  from 
injudicious  alterations  ;  although,  we 
must  admit,  these  evils  have  recently 
been  in  pavt  remedied. 

The  sixfi  en  copper- plates,  from  draw- 
ings and  measurementsof  every  part  of 
the  building,  by  Mr.  Clarke,  some 
being  engraved  by  his  own  hand,  and 
others  by  Mr.  Stone,  show  the  princi- 
pal parts  of  the  mansion.  The  eleva- 
I lions  are  boldly  given,  on  a  large  scale, 
and  the  parts  with  the  fidelity  of 
working  drawings.  We  do  not  recog- 
nise among  the  sabjecta  engraved  a 
small  niche  in  the  hall,  having  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  receptacle  for  a  holy 
i 


Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xcvi.  pt.  ii.  p.  S^iO. 


Collect anta  Topoffraphicaet  Genealogica. 
Parts  111,— VII.     Royal  Octavo. 

WE  are  much  pleased  to  observe  the 
useful  progress  of  this  Magazine  of 
original  and  sterling  information,  which 
is  now  approaching  the  close  of  the  se- 
cond volume.  The  copy  it  contains  of 
all  Dugdale's  manuscript  corrections 
to  his  own  copy  of  the  Baronage, 
would  alone  stamp  it  with  a  character 
of  value.  The  catalogue  of  Monastic 
Cartularies,  which  is  also  now  com- 
pleted, is  acknowledged  to  be  an  ela- 
borate and  very  useful  {wrformance  ; 
as  is  the  \'\%i  ot  the  sales  of  Bishops' 
lands.  Those  abstracts  of  cartularies 
which  have  been  given,  are  fraught 
with  information  to  the  topographer  ; 
though  it  is  true  they  are  not  the 
most  interesting  portion  of  the  work 
to  the  general  reader. 

With  respect  to  individual  places, 
the  principal  use  of  this  collection  is, 
to  preserve  any  detached  fragments  or 
stray  documents  which  might  other- 
wise be  lost.  The  rule  pursued  by  the 
Editors,  that  nothing  should  be  in- 
serted that  has  been  printed  before, 
precludes  any  complete  topographical 
memrtirs,  nor  could  much  in  that  way 
be  effected  within  the  limits  of  a  quar- 
terly Magazine  ;  but  the  same  regu- 
lation will  greatly  enhance  the  con- 
centrated value  of  the  work  a* 
standard  book  of  reference,  contair 
what  is  not  to  be  found  elsewhere. 
The  illustration  of  Genealogy 
quires  less  space,  and  it  is  certamf 
this  department   that  the   roost 


I 


66 


Review.— Clarke's  Eaitbury. 


[Jan. 


The  niansiona  erected  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabetli,  avoiding  the  soroetiraea 
gloomy  character  of  the  older  domestic 
architecture,  possess  not  only  the  com- 
fort3  of  (he  English  country  house, 
but  by  retracitJg  the  hall  and  trallery  of 
the  older  structures,  have  sufficient 
space  for  show  and  grandeur.  Time 
was  when  the  landlord  of  these  pleaa- 
\  iDg  mansions,  sitting  on  his  dais,  &aw 
)\i\s  hall  crowded  with  happy  tenants, 
with  the  aame  cheerfulness  bringing 
their  rents  to  his  steward  as  they 
[joined  in  the  substantial  and  good 
cheer  which  covered  their  tables, 
whilst  the  ample  kitchen  welcomed 
the  more  humble  class  of  dependants, 
the  agricultural  labourer — not  a  de- 
jected discontented  pauper,  grinning 
with  painfull  satisfaction  at  the  fire 
which  had  devastated  his  master's 
well-stored  fartn-yard,  but  a  being 
conscious  that  even  he  held  a  rank  in 
society,  feeling  valued  in  his  station, 
and  as  proud  and  independant  in  his 
cottage  as  his  lord  was  in  his  man- 
sion. 

Eastbury-house  presents  one  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  the  Elizabetfaaa 
xoansions ;  and  it  is  highly  gratifying 
to  aee  its  merits  are  sufficiently  appre- 
ciated as  to  be  made  the  subject  of  a 
separate  work. 

Mr.  Black,  the  author  of  the  histo- 
rical portion  of  the  treatise  before  us, 
by  the  aid  of  documents  lent  to  him  by 
the  present  owner  of  the  freehold,  has 
endeavoured  to  trace  the  name  of  the 
buiider ;  but  this  is.  after  all,  a  matter 
solely  of  conjecture. 

Previously  to  the  Dissolution,  the 
site,  with,  perhaps,  a  structure  of  an 


: 


epitaph,   but  in  the   church-yard   of 
All  Hallows,  Barking. 

tTn  tbtjfiDflVDrc  brre  unlirr  fitbf  <fli5a- 
bctb,  late  wnfe  tinto  H.^ifliam  ©rnfaam, 
StlOrtman  of  "Uontionj  nnb  JlBlarchaunt 
of  tbe  stnplE  of  <irrt(ti«»,  tobo  bfpnrtrO 
)3nra  £>ott  an  UDctinrtTba^,  at  ti  of  |d' 
floh  at  after  no'Da?,  -i^fltcrttJthr,  of  p' 
last  ba^  of  .lUartbr,  ft°  6'  \b¥K 

Sttil)  b\}  1?'  grate  of  i&o6  ij'  rfiiiB  IDit-- 
liam  ©f'b'im  pmportetb  to  tir  bp  brr, 
tobo  brpiHTtcti  linto  ^oti  jf  ba?  of  H."  t>. 

It  does  not  appear  that  AUlermatt 
Denham  was  the  builder  of  the  present 
house,  for  he  scarcely  held  the  pro- 
perty long  enough  to  justify  the  sup- 
position of  the  house  being  erected  in 
his  time.  He  betjueathed  the  estate  to 
his  daughter,  whose  husband  sold  it, 
in  1557,  to  John  Keele,  who  again 
sold  it,  the  same  year,  to  Clement  Sis- 
ley,  esq.  It  is  not  improbable  that  the 
Alderman  and  his  successor,  Keele, 
were  mere  traders  in  the  Abbey  lands, 
which  had  been  originally  procured 
from  the  Cruwn  at  a  cheap  rate,  and 
that  this  Sisley  was  the  first  indepen- 
dent gentleman  who  settled  upon  the 
spot,  and  he,  according  to  Mr.  Black, 
"must  claim  the  honour  of  being  the 
author  and  first  occupier  of  the  new 
structure."  He  acquired  the  estate  in 
1557.  and  is  proved,  by  documentaj'y 
evidence,  to  have  held  it  in  1575  ;  and 
that  he  built  it  within  that  period  is 
corroborated  by  a  traditionary  state- 
ment, that  the  date  15^2,  cut  in  brick- 
work, previously  existed  tn  the  hall. 

The  builder  having  been  ascertained, 
the  historian  of  the  mansion  has 
little  more  to  record.  He  discredits 
the   connection    of  this   house    with 


humbler  character,  was  the  property  of     the  Gunpowder-plot  conspirators,  and 

the  Benedictine  Nunnery  of  Barktng.     ' '""   '"   '*■"    ' 

It  was  at  Michaelmas,  1545,  pur- 
chased, with  other  portions  of  the 
spoils  of  the  abbey,  by  Sir  William 
Denham.  a  citilen  of'  London.  He 
lived  only  three  years  aAer  obtaining 
possession  of  Eastbury,  and  was  buried 
u  Barking  church,  in  London.  We 
recollected  the  name  of  Denham  in 
connexion  with  this  church,  and  on  re- 
ferring to  our  notes,  found  that  a  plain 
stone  on  the  north  side  of  the  altar, 
without  arms  or  effigy,  had  the  follow- 
ing inscription  to  the  memory  of  his 
wife  and  himself,  although,  according 
to  Stow,  he  was  not  buried  pursuant 
to  tills  request,   as  conveyed  on  the 


traces  its  possessors  to  the  present 
time.  For  nearly  a  century  it  has 
been  reduced  to  the  slate  of  a  farm- 
house, and  ahaut  50  years  ago  it  was 
so  much  neglected.  "  that  ever  since 
its  ruin  has  been  hastening."  At  pre- 
sent only  two  rooms  and  the  kitchen 
are  occupied,  by  labourers  and  thetr 
families,  in  the  employment  of  the  pre- 
sent lessees. 

The  plan  of  the  house  shows  a  centre 
and  two  wings,  disposed  in  the  form 
of  a  Roman  H.  The  elevation  shows 
two  stories  above  the  ground-floor- 
The  hall  is  in  the  centre :  it  had  its 
dais  and  screen,  and  on  the  second 
tloor  in  each  wing  is  a  gallery,  running 


J 


1835.]       RKyiE.\v.—CoUectanea  Topographica  et  Genealogica. 


67 


the  entire  length  of  the  building  :  that 
on  the  eastern  side  is  painted  in  fresco, 
with  figures  on  niches  ;  and  a  large 
room  over  the  hall  ia  also  decorated  in 
a  similar  style.  The  staircases  were 
contained  in  spacious  octagonal  towers, 
one  of  which  i«  destroyed  ;  the  other 
forms  an  important  feature  in  every 
view  of  the  liuitding. 

The  material  of  which  the  walls  are 
constructed    is    red    brick,    "  laid   on 
£nglisb  bond,  so  fine  and  firm,  that 
every  external  ornament  and  moulding 
is  cut  on  it  as  welt  as  if  on  masonry  ; 
and  even  the  jambs,   muUious,  tran- 
soms, and  labels  of  the  windows  are 
finely  wrought  in  the  same  material, 
though  they  have  aince  been  stuccoed 
in  imitation  of  stone."     The  house  has 
»ufiered  from  neglect,  and  not  addi- 
tion, for  scarcely  a  modern  alteration 
appears  in  nny  part.     An  almost  con- 
temporaneous   building  will   best  as- 
sist  in   corroborating   the  traditional 
date  of  this  structure.      This  is  the 
hall  of  the  Middle  Temple,  and,   in 
common  with  Eastbury.  the  exiatencc 
of  a  date,  which  appears  a  document 
of  great  value  in  every  ancient  build- 
ing, has  been  disregarded.    Some  years 
since,  the  date,  1595,  was  to  be  seen 
there;   and  a  Correspondent  of  ours 
snatched  the  brief  opportunity  alTorded 
by  B  casual  view  of  the  frame  which 
contained  it.  then  lying  among  some 
rubbish,  during  a  repair,  to  record  its 
existence  in  our  pages."     The  door- 
way within  the  porch  bad  a  Pointed 
arch,  much  resembling  the  principal 
entrance  at  Eastbury.  and  the  detail  of 
the  architecture  would,  in  all  its  parts, 
more  closely  agree  with  that  structure 
if  it  had  not  suffered  very  greatly  from 
injudicious  alterations  ;  although,  we 
must  admit,  these  evils  have  recently 
been  in  part  remedied. 

ThesLxteencopper-plates,  from  draw- 
ings and  measurementsof  every  part  of 
the  building,  by  Mr.  Clarke,  some 
being  engraved  by  his  own  hand,  and 
others  by  Mr.  Stone,  show  the  princi- 
pal parts  of  the  mansion.  The  eleva- 
tions are  boldly  given,  on  a  large  scale, 
and  the  parts  with  the  fidelity  of 
working  drawings.  We  do  not  recog- 
nise among  the  subjects  engraved  a 
small  niche  in  tlic  hall,  having  the  ap- 
pearance  of  a   receptacle  for  a  holy 

•  Gent.  Msg.  vol.  xcvi.  pt.  U.p.  3-.'0. 


water  basin,  the  singularity  of  which 
renders  it  deserving  of  notice.  We 
have  no  space  to  enter  into  a  detailed 
account  of  these  plates.  Their  fidelity 
is  great,  and  their  utility  to  any  archi- 
tect who  may  prefer  buildings  of  solid 
materials,  brick,  and  timber,  to  the 
fiimsy  lath  and  plaster  of  the  present 
day,  is  unquestionable.  We  have  no 
hesitation  in  earnestly  recommending 
this  publication  to  our  antiquarian 
readers',  attention,  feeling  certain  that 
if  the  publication  elfects  for  Eastbury 
no  other  benefit,  it  will,  at  least, 
show  to  posterity  a  faithful  representa- 
tion of  its  features,  when  that  con- 
summation, so  much  to  be  dreaded, 
shall  have  arrived,  and  this  pare  maa- 
sioD  shall  exist  no  longer. 


Collectanea  TopograpKieaet  Genealogica. 
Parts  III.— Vll.     Koyal  Octavo. 

WE  are  much  pleased  to  observe  the 
useful  progress  of  this  Magazine  of 
original  and  sterling  information,  which 
is  now  approaching  the  close  of  the  se- 
cond volume.  The  copy  it  contains  of 
all  Dugdale's  manuscript  corrections 
to  hh  own  copy  of  the  fiaronage, 
would  alone  ^tamp  it  with  a  character 
of  value.  The  catalogue  of  Monastic 
Cartularies,  which  is  also  now  com- 
pleted, is  acknowledged  to  be  an  ela- 
borate and  very  useful  [>erformance ; 
as  is  the  list  of  the  sales  of  Dishops' 
lands.  Those  abstracts  of  cartularies 
which  have  been  given,  are  fraught 
with  information  to  the  topographer; 
though  it  is  true  they  are  not  the 
most  interesting  portion  of  the  work 
to  the  general  reader. 

With  respect  to  individual  places, 
the  principal  use  of  this  collection  is, 
to  preserve  any  detached  fragments  or 
stray  documents  which  might  other- 
wise be  lost.  The  rule  pursued  by  the 
Editors,  that  nothing  should  be  in- 
serted that  has  been  printed  before, 
precludes  any  complete  topographical 
memoirs,  nor  could  much  in  that  way 
be  effected  within  the  limits  of  a  quar- 
terly Magazine  ;  but  the  same  regu- 
lation will  greatly  enhance  the  con- 
centrated value  of  the  work  as  a 
standard  book  of  reference,  containing 
what  J5  not  to  be  found  elsewhere. 

Tlie  illustration  «f  Genealogy  re- 
quires lesti  space,  and  it  is  certainly  in 
thii  department   that   the   moat   ha* 


I 

M 


Fme  Art$.'~Puhlkation». — Panorama  of  Pin  la  Chaise.     [Jan. 


74 

moudy  re-elected  Pretident.  And  for 
the  new  Council,  Alfred  E.  Chalon,  T. 
PhiUips,  A.  Watt,  Cailcott,  and  W.  Wil- 
kins,  esqrs.  in  the  room  of  C  L.  East- 
lake,  W.  Mulready,  G.  Jones,  esqrs.  and 
Sir  J.  Wyatville. 

FLEMISH  PICTURES. 

A  discovery  has  just  been  made  in 
Brussels  of  twelve  small  pictures  on 
wood,  on  copper,  and  on  an  enamelled 
snuff-box,  without  doubt  the  best  works 
of  the  greatest  Dutch  and  Flemishpain- 
ters.  They  are— 1.  The  Portrait  of  Ad, 
miral  de  Kuyter,  by  Rembrandt.  2.  A 
Street  in  Leyden,  by  Jan  Steen;  the 
painter  has  here  represented  a  proposal 
in  marriage,  which  he  made  to  a  certain 
widow  Herculeus,  his  neighbour.  3. 
The  Portrait  of  Maurice  of  Nassau,  by 
Vanderneuf.  4.  Portrait  of  the  painter 
F.  Miens,  by  himself,  painted  at  the  age 
of  twenty- eight  years.  5.  Portrait  of 
William  the  First,  by  Mirevelt.  6.  Por- 
trait  of  Louis  of  Nassau,  by  the  same. 
7.  Portrait  of  William  John  of  Nassau, 
by  the  same.  8.  Portrait  of  Philip  of 
Nassau,  by  the  same.  9.  Portrait  of 
Frederick  Henry,  by  Gonzales  Ck>ques. 
10.  Portrait  of  Justinian  de  Nassau,  by 
the  same.  11.  A  Landscape,  by  G. 
Netscher,  in  which  is  represented  the 
death  of  Mary  Magdalen.  12.  A  Land- 
scape, by  Netscher,  representing  the 
course  of  the  Rhine  near  Treves;  Gene- 
vieve de  Brabant  has  just  been  left  at 
the  foot  of  a  tree  with  ber  child.  13. 
Seven  pictures  of  Netscher,  painted  by 
himself  on  a  small  enamel  table.  These 
pictures,  which  belonged  to  M.D.C.,  In- 
tendant  and  Chamberlain  of  William  the 
Fourth,  have  been  packed  up  ever  since 
the  entry  of  the  French  into  Holkind  in 
1794,  and  have  only  been  opened  a  very 
short  time.  The  owner,  M.  D.  V.,  who 
has  married  the  grand-daughter  of  the 
Intendant,  has  but  a  few  days  been  aware 
of  the  prize  which  he  possesses. 

Fient  in  /Amdon  and  itt  Vicinity.  By 
George  Cooke. — The  concluding  Part 
of  this  pleasing  and  brilliant  work  will  be 
hailed  with  a  melancholy  pleasure  by  the 
friends  and  admirers  of  the  late  talented 
artist,  whose  "  favourite  object"  it  was. 
Something  of  the  history  of  the  under- 
taking will  be  found  in  the  memoir  of 
Mr.  Cuoke,  which  is  printed  in  our  num- 
ber for  June  last  It  forms  a  beautiful 
monument  of  his  superior  talents,  as  well 
as  of  bis  friendship  with  Calcott,  Stan- 
field,  Prout,  Roberts,  Stark,  Harding, 
Cotman,  Haveli,  &c.  who  contributed 
their  assistance  as  draughtsmen ;  and  it  is 
a  proud  boast,  which  can  seldom  be  pa- 


lalleled,  that  the  whole  execution  and 
printing  of  the  plates  has  been  accom- 
plished without  a  blemish.  The  volume 
compiises  forty-eight  plates,  engraved  on 
copper.  Several  of  the  views  are  very 
interesting,  from  being  taken  during  the 
progress  of  alterations. 

The  Northern  TouriH,  contains  seventy, 
three  of  Messrs.  Fisher's  attractive  views 
of  the  Lake  and  Mountain  scenery  of 
Ei^land,  from  subjects  in  the  counties  of 
Westmorland,  Cumberland,  Durham,  and 
Northumberland.  It  is  handsomely  bound 
as  a  "  Gage  d'Amiti^;"  and  we  shall 
not  be  surprised  if  Messrs.  Fisher's  quarto 
Annuals  are  preferred  by  many  wbo  may 
like  to  have  wore  pictures,  and  less  non- 
sense, than  the  '<  regular  "  Annuals  are 
wont  to  furnish.  A  similar  volume  was 
published  last  year. 

Preparing.  Part  I.  of  Select  Views 
of  the  Remains  of  ancient  monuments  in 
Greece,  as  at  present  existing,  from  draw- 
iiq;s  taken  and  coloured  on  the  spot,  in 
the  year  1833,  by  William  Cole,  architect, 
of  Chester. 


FANOBAMA  OF  FERE  LA  CHAISE. 

It  has  often  been  remarked  that  there 
is  no  point  in  which  there  is  greater  dif- 
ference between  London  and  Paris,  than 
in  their  burial-grounds ;  and,  whatever 
John  Bull  ma^  in  his  sobriety  think  of 
the  matter,  it  is  certainly  on  his  side  that 
some  modification  is  most  desirable. 
Whatever  reflections  he  may  make  upon 
the  gay  and  glittering  aspect  of  Pere  la 
Chaise,  as  being  but  little  accordant  with 
the  solemnity  of  the  grave,  he  would  find 
it  difficult  to  prove  the  superiority  of  the 
decayed  and  crumbling  gravestones,  the 
rusty  iron  spikes,  and  the  rank  weeds  and 
netues  of  his  own  churchyards.  On  the 
contrary,  we  are  glad  to  see  a  partial 
adoption  in  this  country  of  the  ornamental 
cemeteries  of  our  neighbours,  particularly 
as  it  is  likely  to  nut  a  stop  to  the  baneful 
practice  of  burial  in  crowded  towns,  and 
as  it  is  calculated  to  encourage  the  arts 
of  architecture  and  sculpture.  The  vi- 
sitor of  Pere  la  Chaise  cannot  fiul  to  be 
struck  with  the  general  elegance,  taste, 
and  fancy,  which  have  been  diffused  among 
the  people  by  the  facilities  they  have  en- 
joyed of  viewing  the  national  collections, 
and  the  public  encouragement  of  art.  Its 
perfect  neatness  and  order  is  also  very 
remarkable.  From  the  multitude  of  its 
mortal  mansions  it  may  well  be  called  a 
city  of  the  dead,  but  it  is  a  city  built  in  a 
garden.  Mr.  Biuford  has  taken  his  sta- 
tion on  a  spot  surrounded  by  some  se- 
pulchres of  very  imposing  architecture. 


1835.] 


Literarif  hitelligence. 


though  bcturigitig  (o  ()rirat<*  fuinilies:  itt  A 
greater  difitaix-t>  tiiuy  l>e  uliicenit'd  some 
of  tliO!«e  vvho^e  ti-nnnts  iire  better  knrfwn 
(o  luine.     The  exct^llfiU  view  of   Ftiris 


which  the  fUroiind  nlTords,  ts  represented 
with  tidclity,  mitJ  tlie  wtiule  furmri  a  pic- 
ture of  tlie  greotfst  interest. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


^ 


Mora?  Hebniir.i?;  an  att<.'inpt  to  dis- 
cover Junv  the  urgiimeut  of  tlie  Epistle 
to  tlie  llehrewii  must  have  beci)  (inder. 
fttood  by  thtHC  therein  addressed.  By 
GKORGi:  VlSklOUNT  Manokvilik. 

Suine  HnxHiiit  of  the  Wriiiii>;s  of  Cle- 
ment of  Alex;iiidriu.  By  the  Bishu[i  of 
LiNi:oi.N. 

A  Second  volume  of  Parorhiul  Ser- 
mons. By  the  Eev,  J.  H,  Newman', 
M.A. 

Ohscrviitions  on  the  History  and  Mi- 
nistry of  Sl  Peter,  illustnitivc  of  the 
Truth  of  the  Chrijitinn  Revelation.  By 
the  Rev.  Phiui-  Stanhopk  Ijoiid,  M-A. 

The  Life  of  Bishofx  Jewel.  By  the 
Rev.  C.  W.  Le  Bas.  xM.A. 

The  Second  Purt  of  Mr.  GawiWkLL's 
Expuitition  of  the  Pumblefi. 

Life,  Ministry,  and  Sitertions  from 
the  reonatns  of  the  Rev.  S.  Walker,  late 
of  Truro.      By  the  Rev.  Edwin  Sy^jnkv. 

Tttble  Talk  uf  the  lute  S.  T.  Cule- 
ridge,  Esq. 

Mis*  Kemble's  (now  Airs.  Buti.er) 
TravcU  in  the  United  States,  and  Opi- 
nions of  the  Amerieona. 

A  vi»<it  to  Icelund  during  the  fircsent 
Summer.  By  John  Bahkow,  Estj.  Junior. 

Oriental  IlluHtrations  of  the  Sfriiitureti, 
from  the  Manners,  Customs,  and  Super, 
stitions  nf  the  Hindoos.  By  the  Ilev. 
Jo9i;rH  RoBtiiTt*. 

A  Complete  Bohemian  DtctionRry. 
By  Dr.  JrNGMAN.v. 

Portugul  dniinK  the  Civil  War  of  IS^W. 
by  Capt.  J.  E.  Alkxander,  ttuthor  of 
"  Travels  in  the  East,"  &c. 

The  Picture,  and  the  Prosperous  Man, 
by  the  Author  of  '•  The  Eiileof  Idria.*' 

The  Wars  of  Montro^',  by  the  Et- 
trick  Shepherd. 

Little  \'^itluger'8  Ver&e  Duok,  by  the 
Rev.  W,  L.  Bowles. 

Louis  on  Plithitiis  translated  from  the 
French.      By  Chahli.s  Cowan. 

The  (tipsy,  a  Korottnce,  by  the  Au- 
thor of"  Mury  of  Burgundy." 

The  Tranwctions  of  the  Medical  and 
Chirurgieel  Society  of  LundoJi. 

Jounial  of  a  Visit  to  Constantiiioplc 
and  some  of  the  Greek  Islands.  By 
John  Allujo,  Esq.  F.  G.S. 

The  Village  Cburchynrd  and  other 
Poenw.      By    the    Right     Hon.    Ludy 

EmNCUNK  bTl'AAT  WoBTLEl. 


A  Letter  to  the  Bishop  of  London  on 
the  present  defective  state  of  the  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge  in 
the  Metro]H>li!)  and  its  Suburb<i. 

Memoirs  of  Sir  Matthew  Hale,  Knt. 
Lord  Chief  Justiire  of  England.  By  J. 
B.  Wii.uAMB,  Escj.  LL.D.  F.S.A. 

Domestic  Life  in  England,  from  the 
earliest  [lerind  to  the  present  time.  }^y 
the  Editor  of  the  "  Family  Manual,"  &c. 

Dr.  Pjiu  HAiti^  on  Iniumtty,  and  other 
disorders  of  the  Mind. 

Dr.  Biundellonthe  Uiseues  of  Women 
and  Children.  Edited  by  Dr.  Castlk, 
Physician  to  the  Brighton  Di.»pensary, 

Rvmurks  on  the  Electric  and  Galvanic 
Influence,  in  the  Cure  of  Acute  and  Chro- 
nic Diseases.    By  M.  L*  Bkaime,  Esq. 

The  First  Part  of  a  History  of  Briti<<h 
Fishes.  By  W.  Yarkell  F.L.S.,  with 
Woodcuts  of  all  the  Species. 

The  Cabinet  Lawyer,  iricorpamtingthe 
Statutes  and  Legal  Decisiona  to  the  pre- 
sent period. 

'J'hf  Pmctical  Elocutionkt.  By  At.KX. 
Bell,  Prolessor  of  Elocution. 

The  Works  of  Confucius  (Kong-fou- 
tseu)  and  of  Mensiiks  ( .Vleog- f  sen  J,  the 
two  great  Chinese  Philusophers.  By 
M.  M.  G,  PALi-TtKEH,  with  a  translation 
opposite  the  original  t'hinese. 

Prince  Protajon  the  lletittan  of  the 
Cossacks,  has  translated  the  Poems  of 
Pariiy  into  the  Calmuc  language. 

IlOYAt.  StWfETV. 

Nov.  80.  At  the  first  meeting  for  the 
season,  J.  W.  Lubbock,  e»c[.,  V.P.,  in 
the  chair,  abstracts  were  read  of  several 
pnpers  left  at  the  close  of  the  lust  Ses- 
sion ;  one  of  which  was,  "  On  the  Nature 
and  Origin  of  ihe  Aurora  Boreal i s, "  hy 
the  Rev.  G.  Fi-sher ;  also  two  Astrono- 
mical papers,  by  Mr.  Lubbock,  and  an- 
other hy  Mr.  Ivory. 

We  annex  the  folIuwii>g  abstract  of  a 
piiper  on  the  mummy-cloth  of  Egypt, 
\i)th  ohftervutionii  on  the  manulactores  of 
the  nncieiitK,  by  James  Thomson,  esq. 
By  subjecting  the  threads  of  various  spe- 
cimens of  cloth  enveloping  Egyptian 
mummies  to  accurate  microscopic  exami- 
nation, which  wea  done  at  the  requecit  of 
the  author,  by  Mr.  Bauer,  it  was  sfcer- 
tuined  that  they  were  formed  exdusively 
of  the  fibres  of  linen,  and  not  of  cotton, 


I 


I 


Meetimgt  of  Learned  Societies. 


76 

aa  had  been  supptwed ;  a  conclusion  whick 
18  corroborated  by  other  conriderationt 
stated  by  the  author.  The  paper  was  ac- 
companied  by  diawingR,  exhibiting  the 
appearance  of  the  threads,  both  of  cotton 
and  of  linen,  when  highly  magnified ;  and 
concludes  with  an  historical  disquisition 
on  the  cloth  manufacture  of  the  ancients, 
and  the  mention  of  experiments,  from 
which  it  is  inferred  that  the  principal  co- 
louring materials  employed  in  dyeing  the 
yam  were  indigo  and  Mffron. 

iXov.  27.     Davics  Gilbert,  esq.,  V.P. 

Read,  a  Mete<»o]ogical  Journal  kept  at 
the  Royul  Observatory,  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  from  Ist  Feb.  to  31st  May,  1834, 
by  Thomas  Maclear,  esq.;  and  part  of  an 
important  paper  on  the  proofs  of  a  gradual 
rising  of  the  land  in  certain  parts  of  Swe- 
den, by  Charles  Lyell,  esq.,  F.RS. 

Dec.  I.  At  the  anniversary  meeting, 
the  Treasurer,  J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq.  was 
in  the  chair.  A  letter  was  read  from  his 
Royal  Highness  the  President,  express, 
ing  his  deep  regret  that  the  present  state 
of  his  eye-sight  prevented  bis  attendance 
at  the  meeting.  The  Auditors  appointed 
to  examine  the  Treasurer's  accounts  re- 
ported  a  balance  in  hand  of  192L  Ts.  6d. 
The  report  of  the  council  to  the  society, 
contaimng  a  statement  of  their  most  im- 
portant  proceedings  during  the  past  year, 
was  read  by  the  Secretary.  The  Copley 
medal  was  awarded  to  Professor  Plana  for 
his  work  entitled  "  Thtorie  du  Mouve- 
ment  de  la  Lune."  One  of  the  Royal 
medals  was  awarded  to  J.  W.  Lubbock, 
esq.,  for  bis  investirations  on  the  tides, 
(Contained  in  the  "  Philosophical  Trans- 
actions ;"  and  the  other  medal  to  Charles 
Lyell,  esq.,  for  his  work  entitled  "  Prin- 
dples  of  Geolt^.* 

The  officers  of  the  society  were  all  re- 
elected, with  the  following  Council: — C. 
F.&mwell,  esq. ;  H.  T.  de  la  Becbe,  esq. ; 
W.  T.  Brande,  esq. ;  Sir  B.  C.  Brodie, 
Bart, ;  Michael  Faraday,  esq. ;  Henry 
Hdland.M.D.;  Rev.  P.  Jenning^D.D.: 
Charles  Lyell.  jun.  esq.;  Herbert  M^o, 
esq. ;  K.  J.  Murchison.  esq. ;  Lord  Ox- 
mantown  ;  Rev.  George  Peacock ;  Rev. 
Baden  Powell ;  Sir  John  Rennie ;  Ed- 
ward Turner,  M.D. ;  Rev.  William  Whe- 
well.    There  was  no  anniversary  dinner. 

Dec.  18.  Sir  B.  C.  Brodie,  Bart.,  V.P. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
Fellows :  ^-  Rev.  John  Batlow,  M. A., 
Rector  of  Little  Bowden,  Northampton- 
shire ;  Rev.  James  W.  Bellamy,  13. D., 
Read  Master  of  Merchant  Tailors*  School; 
Ifilliam  Brockedon,  esq. ;  Thomas  Gal- 
lowsT,  es(^.,  M.A.,  late  Professor  of 
oematics  at  Sandhurst ;  Bissct  Haw- 
,  M.D.;  Col.  Andrew  Leith  Hay, 


QJan. 


K.H.,  M.P. ;  Francis  Kieman,  esq. ; 
George  Lowe,  esq. ;  Richard  Owen, 
esq.,  Assistant  Conservator  in  the  mu- 
seum of  the  Royal  College  of  Suiyeons ; 
Benjamin  Phillips,  esq.;  Richard  Sau- 
marez,  esq. ;  Charles  John  Kemys  Tynte, 
esq.,  M.P. ;  and  J.  G.  Wilkinson,  esq. 

The  reading  of  Mr.  Lyell's  paper  was 
continued. 

GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

A'tw.  5.  At  the  first  meeting  for  the 
season,  was  read  a  paper  by  Professor 
Agassiz,  of  Neufchatel,  giving  an  outline 
of  his  Classificarion  of  Fishes,  founded 
on  their  scales,  and  an  account  of  the 
geological  distribution  of  fossil  fishes. 

Nov.  19.  Read,  a  paper  by  Mr.  Aus. 
ten,  on  an  ancient  beach  containing  recoit 
marine  shells,  thirty  feet  altove  the  level 
of  the  sea,  at  Hope's  Nose,  near  Babba- 
combe,  and  on  the  Watcombe  fault;  and 
part  of  "  Some  facts  in  the  geology  of  the 
central  and  western  portions  of  North 
America,  collected  principally  from  the 
statements  and  unpublished  notes  of  recent 
travellers,"  by  Mr.  B^ers,  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Dec.  3.  Mr.  Rogers's  paper  was  con- 
cluded ;  and  was  followed  by  othera  on  the 
autbracitic  formation  near  Bideford,  by 
Mr.  de  la  Beche;  and  on  the  physical 
and  geological  structure  of  the  country 
between  Newcastle,  New  South  Wales, 
and  the  Dividing  Ridge,  by  Mr.  Allan 
Cunningham. 

STATISTICAL  SOCIETY  OP  LONDON. 

Hov.  17.  The  Fellows  of  this  Society 
held  their  first  monthly  meeting  for  the 
season,  at  their  rooms  in  St.  Martin's- 
place.  Besides  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne 
(the  President),  who  was  in  the  chair, 
Mr.  Spring  Rice,  Mr.  Malthus,  C<donel 
Sykes,  Mr.  Hallam  (the  Treasurer),  Mr. 
Tooke,  Mr.  Murchison,  Lieut.  Drum- 
mond,  and  other  distinguished  individuals 
were  present  .  The  papers  read  were  of 
a  veiy  interesting  oiaracter,  displaying 
much  research,  and  affording  a  variety  of 
highly  useful  information.  l*hey  were — 
'^  An  Accoimt  of  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Statistical  Section  of  the  British  Associa- 
tion, held  at  Edinburgh  in  September  last, 
by  Charles  Hope  Maclean,  esq.;"  "A 
Paper  upon  the  Character  and  present 
Condition  of  the  Irish  Labourer,  by 
Woronzow  Greig,  esq. ;"  "An  Analysis 
of  the  Accounts  and  Depositors  of  the 
Devon  and  Exeter  Savings'  Bank,accom. 
panied  with  a  few  Remarks  upon  the 
Nature  and  Advantage  of  that  Institution, 
by  G.  R.  Porter,  esq." 


1835.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


«r| 


BCLEC'TiC  BOCUITy. 

At  a  general  nit^ctiu^  uf  this  Sweety, 
Ike  Director  in  ibc  chair,  the  xilver  me- 
rits were  awarded  to  Thoouis  Beale,  esq., 
Ibr  bis  jmper  un  the  Phytetcr  vutcrocepha- 
tmtf  Mm  W.  K.  Bin,  tMj.,  for  hi»  paper  on 
the  orbit  mid  mulion  ot  ibe.Sun.  It  wa» 
rcKolved  that  a  botanic  gurdeu  be  eatab- 
lisbed,  to  be  designated  the  *'  Botanic 
Garden  of  the  Eclectic  Societjr ;"  which 
garden  is  to  contain  all  the  indigenous 
plaiits  of  Great  Uritain.  Professor  Usher 
gave  a  lecture  on  the  language  and  poetry 
of  the  Hebrews.  Mr.  Hirt  read  a  paper 
on  the  Aurora  Borealis.  Mr,  Samuel, 
optician,  exhibited  itpeciinens  nf  the  effi- 
cacy o<  his  tilitting  machine  in  producing 
cr)'st«l  lenses  for  spectacles,  &c.  Presents 
were  received  for  the  Society's  mnseinn 
and  library,  and  the  oneettiig  adjoumed 
fur  a  montn. 

ASTRONOMICAL  BOCILTY. 

Apartments  have  been  allotted  to  this 
Society  in  that  wing  of  Somerset  House 
occupied  by  the  Royal  Society,  the  An- 
tiquaries, and  the  Geological  Society  ;  in 
which  theiirst  meeting;  of  the  session  took 
place,  Mr.  Boily  in  the  chair.      A  long 

Caper  ua  Dr.  I  lullt-y  and  his  observations, 
y  the  President,  was  read. 

ROYAL  SOCIKTY  0>'  LITF.RATUHF.. 

Nov.  5.  At  the  iirst  meeting  uf  the 
Season  wis  re«d  a  memoir  on  the  Dis- 
eases of  Literary  Men,  by  W.  Newn- 
ham,  eirq.,  uf  Kanibam. 

A'of.  13.  At  this  meeting  two  papers 
were  rend  by  tlic  Foreign  !?ec.  Mr.  Ha- 
miltoii.  The  firiit  of  tbe8e  consii^Lfil  uf 
remarks  by  M.  I^tronne,  on  Air.  V\'il. 
kinfton's  explnnation  of  the  vocal  ciFect  uf 
the  statue  of  Mcranon,  at  Thebes,  The 
second  paper  was  "  Notes  on  ibe  Roman 
Villa  near  Lo  Scogtiu  di  Vlrgilio,  near  the 
hill  of  Pnusilippoi"  a  complete  specimen 
of  an  ancient  Hoinun  marine  villa,  of  three 
stones,  in  what  is  called  "opus  reticiilo- 
tum,"  built  close  to,  and  portly  over,  the 
•eii. 

aOYAL  GCUGaAFMtCAt.  SOCIETY. 

A'ov.  2-k  W,  K.  Hamilton,  esq.,  in 
ibe  cbair. 

Part  of  a  Journal  was  read,  kept  by 
jUiijor  Felix  during  an  excursion  made  by 
htm  and  Lord  Pnidhoe  from  Cairo  to 
Mount  Sinai.  The  chief  facts  of  no- 
velty or  inifiortunce  were,  the  rapid 
growth  of  coral  in  llie  Red  .Sea — the 
height  at  which  murine  shells  are  found 
along  the  shores  of  Andiiu — the  dose  re- 
semblance of  mnny  ut  the  wild  tniditiuns 
of  the  Arabs  to  :l>e  hibtorical  narratives 
of  Scripture — and  the  security  with  which 
tbisJQimiey,  once  so  hazardous,  may,  it 
sppeurv,  noA-  be  pcrfonned. 


CAMBRIDGE  DNITntllfY. 

J/<*.v  28.  Sir  William  Browne's  me- 
dals were  adjudged  as  follow: — Greek  ode 

—  C  C'layton,  (^aius  College — Subject, 
"  Niger  navigubiUs."  ImHh  ode — Hon. 
C.  S.  Savill,  Queen's  College — Subject, 
"  Au«>trulis  expeditio  Juliannis  Frederici 
Gulielmi  Herschel,  equiiis  aurati." — 
Epigrams — J,  J.  Smith,  Trinity  College 

—  Subject  "  Scire  ruum  nihil  cist,  nisi  te 
scire  hoc  cciat  alter." 

,/Mwr  7th. — The  Porson  prize  {for  the 
best  translation  of  a  passage  from  Shake- 
.speure  into  Greek  verse)  wis  adjudged  to 
E.  Howes,  Trinity  college.  Subject, 
A'ing  Ituhard  II.  Act  iii.  scene  2,  begitv- 
iiiiig,  -'  Let's  tMlk  of  grave?,''  sjid  ending, 
"  lliivi  can  you  say  to  me  1  ara  a  king  ?  " 

BOTANIC   PRIZFS. 

The  two  prizes  (gold  and  silver  medals) 
instituted  live  years  ago  by  the  Society  of 
Apothecaries,  fur  their  best  written  and 
oral  examination  in  medical  botany,  have 
been  awarded  this  yeur  to  >tudent!«  uf  the 
London  UniverMty;  the  gold  medal  to 
Mr.  Edward  Ediii,  and  the  silver  nicdul 
to  Mr,  Arthur  Tibson.  The  prices  in 
botany,  iituuiuUy  given  by  the  Apothe- 
ciiries'  Company  to  the  best  informed 
students  in  this  science  have  also  this 
year  both  of  theni  l»eun  carrifd  oflT  by 
students  of  the  n\n>ve  University. 

NOUTHKHN   FROFtSBOHBHlpa   or  TUC 
ENGUSII    LANGUAGE. 

The  veteran  and  respected  Secretary  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Nicholas 
Carlisle,  esq.  F.R.S.  has  issued  a  proa. 
pectus  ulucfa  bos  for  its  object  the  eita* 
blishnuMit  of  two  Professorshipu  of  Eng- 
lish Literature,  one  in  the  University  of 
Y'ientiii,  and  the  other  in  that  of  Upsala 
(Sweden ji,  the  object  of  which  plan  i;,  the 
encoumgement  of  tbo  taste  for  English 
literature  thul  has  already  been  iodnbed 
by  the  nations  of  the  Nortli.  In  prix>f  of 
this  fuct,  Mr.  Curlisic  has  cited  the  au- 
thority of  (.everHl  of  the  most  intelligent 
writers  who  have  visited  those  coimtrie*. 
In  Germany,  be  states  that  English  Pro- 
fessorships have  been  established  not  only 
111  all  the  Universities,  but  also  in  luatty 
of  the  Gnnimnr-scbools.  In  Swi-dwi  the 
very  idiom  of  the  language  is  almost  ex- 
actly ErifflitH,  so  that  you  may  tnkc  most 
Swedish  sentences,  wurd  for  word,  and 
they  make  sense  in  our  lojiguige.  The 
inhabitants  of  Norway  learn  the  English 
language  witb  facility,  many  words,  and 
even  whole  sentcncis,  being  the  same  in 
both.  The  principal  difference  seems  to 
be  in  the  orthograpliy ;  such  a  discrepancy 
as  we  And  in  the  Paaton  Letters,  written 


■ 
■ 


J 


78 


Weitmkuter  School^The  Eumtchms. 


[Jan. 


in  the  15th  century,  or  in  the  earlier 
writings  of  Chaucer ;  the  worda  are  mo- 
dernized merely  by  changing  the  charac- 
ters by  which  identical  sounds  are  ex- 
Eressea.  The  language  of  the  Finlanders 
as  many  words  which  are  common  to 
the  Scots  and  Germans,  e.  g.  Kirk,  a 
Church — Kim,  a  Chum — Rig,  a  Ridge. 
Mr.  Carlisle  thinks  that,  the  connection 
between  the  English  language  and  that  of 
our  northern  neighbours  being  so  in- 
disputably evident,  the  ties  of  mutual 
good  understanding  and  sympathy  might 
be  extended  by  promoting  the  rising  taste 
for  English  literature  among  them.  We 
may  incidentally  observe  that  the  Saxon 
root  of  our  language  clearly  points  out  an 
identity  of  origin.  The  writer  concludes 
his  appeal  by  inviting  those  generous  per- 
sons who  may  be  favourable  to  his  design, 
to  communicate  their  donations  to  him  at 
Somerset- place.  His  benevolent  object 
is  evidently  worthy  of  attention ;  a  com- 
mon language  is  undoubtedly  a  very  influ- 
ential tie;  one,  indeed,  of  the  most  natural 
and  unobtrusive  nature ;  the  cultivation 
of  it  must  lead  to  a  bond  of  union  of  sen. 
timent,  and  connected  with  a  country  so 
far  advanced  in  the  enjoyment  of  real 
liberty  as  ours,  may  be  conducive  to  the 
diffusion  of  the  greatest  blessings  which 
can  descend  on  the  nations  of  the  earth— 
a  contented  enjoyment  of  equal  rights— s 
practical  knowledge  of  the  duties  of  re> 
vealed  religion. 

WESTMINSTER  SCHOOL. 

The  Play  of  Terence,  performed  this 
year  by  the  scholars  of  Westminster,  has 
been  the  Eunuchus,  which  has  been  re- 
presented with  great  spirit,  and  has  gone 
off  with  more  than  usual  eclat.  The 
third  performance  was  honoured  with  the 
presence  of  his  Majestv,  attended  by 
Prince  George  of  Cumberland,  theBishops 
of  Hereford  and  Bristol,  Earl  Amherst, 
Lords  Byron,  &c. 

The  part  of  Antipho  was  struck  out 
of  the  play :  and  the  other  characters  weie 
filled  as  follows : 

Phadria,  Fisher;  Parmeno,  Sted- 
man ;  Tbais,  Hothara  ;  Gnatho,  Vernon  ; 
Chan-ea,  Murray;  Thraso,  Savile;  Py- 
thias, Lennard ;  Chremes,  Drew ;  I)orias, 
Tritton ;  Dorus,  Fielde;  Sanea,  Howard; 
Sophrona,  Smith;  Laches,  Taunton. 

Two  Prologues  were  delivered  this 
year,  the  second  being  appropriate  to  the 
royal  visit     The  first  was  as  follows : 

PUOLOGUS  IN  EUNUCIIUM. 
Fas  fit  saluUre  hospites  Mtque  iidveiiw, 
Etsi  fuinilix  diitrahatUT  trutibus 
Curis,  lierumque  piaegravent  molrstic 
Fm  «to  Dohis  gratulari — (r^tias 
Agere  et  habere  cuique  veotrum,  O  bcnevole 
Et  doctc  coetus !  liceat  auditorihus 


Nostril  nlaten  imptrtisuDt,  eoi  vMw 
Locot  mina  piozimM  tedaverit, 
Ilamique  jareat  Caria,  elieu,  Anglic^ 
Saeva  ett  calamitas ;  tamea  ab  ipao  ioca%4t9 
Ducamus  animum ;  stat  koperbum  PHasi^ 
OpaiTetusti;  nuHasacram polluit 
iEdeoi  haDcce  Samma.    Ma— t  aalm  rq^ia, 
Sauctique  Petri  maneat  atdes  omnibus 
lovicta  pt  inviolata  casibas:  nova 
ViciniB  atque  pulchrior  sit  Caria 
NostiK,  Britanairi  imperi  sit  dicnior? 
Fait  lateritia ;  e*to  marmorva — Movent 
Fortasse  risum  verba  nostra  grandia ; 
Si  quis  peritu*  artium  et  CooKedias 
Doclas  LaliDss  rogitat,  qaam  discrepant 
Et  varius  iiabilus  luduatar  Chaeres 
£t  P^rtneooni.    Noane  not  Terentto 
Debeoius  Kquiora  i  nam  superstiti 
Vulia  est  Poct»  gratia  ?  an  pepercerit 
Tarn  loDia  series  tempornm  liisee  fabnli*. 
Nee  DOS  pudebit  apparatus  lodicri? 
Tantamce  rem  tam  oegligenter  egimus? 
Pehtuv  etto  literarum  et  artium, 
QuituDquc  nobis  ista  vertat  crioiini, 
bit  doctus  arteoi  sceairani.    Histrionibnt 
Nobisque  miuiinc  couvenire  senlint 
Levies  e^dem  vel  liceotiam  p«rem. 
Hic  velle  orinioem  sense  Rosciumsciat: 
Sufficere  nobis,  si  Latina  fHbula 
Nostris  amicis  pUcrat  et  fHUloribus, 
Fratresque  plaudaot  fratribus,  nalis  patres. 
Servamus  institutavetera,  pristina 
Exempla,  ptisiinamque  coasuctuduiem : 
Suis  Ehza  jubrt  r«bulas  agi 
Terentiitnas ;  en  Alumoi  Regii 
Parent  Eliut,  meutibusqur  adhuc  pits 
KcKiase  colitur  ntque  aniatur  mortuae. 
OtBria  fdcere  nostra  jam  cooabimur; 
Ipso  favente  et  imprrante  Principe, 
Quamvis  gravato  luctibus  domrsticis. 

PROLOGU8  ALTER  IN  EUNUCHUM. 
Quam  poscat  artem  nostra  jam  nos  fabaU 
Coram  Patrono  masimo  et  dignissirao  ? 
Iptum  quid  ante  Kegera  alumni  Regik 
Diceat  agentve?    Posvumusne  p'incipem 
Nostrum  salutare,  ut  decet?    Num  convenll 
Nobis  virorum  vindicare  monera 
Partesque  gravium?    Nonoe  vilts  esitnt 
Incepta  unia  minuet  atque  proruet? 
Tentanda  tamen  est  via;  silere  enim  v«tat 
Nos  ipsa  disciplina  nostra  :  ducimur— 
Ultro  et  volentes  ducimur,  nee  qnilibet 
Fide  carebit,  gaudioqae  pturimo; 
8eJ  nos  jobercnt,  imperarent,  cogerent 
Sututa,  pietas,  atque  norm«  pristina. 
Etsi  recentis  caritalis  obrui 
Poisit  raemoria,  cogimur,  Rex  Angliae 
Benigne,  comts  alme  I  plarimam  tibi 
Dicere  salulem,  gloriari  no*  Inos 
Vocari  et  esse,  grntias  agere  tibi. 
Scholasque  oomcn  vindicare  Regium. 
Quid,  quod  Patrono  dedicabitur,  manet? 
Quid,  quod  loquatur  Principi  suo  pner? 
Servamus  instituta  vetera,  pristina 
Eseinpla,  pri»tiaamque  consuetadincm: 
Suis  Eliza  nostra  jussitfabulam 
Agi  'J'erentianam :  agetar  scilicet, 
Tereotioque  Caesar  ipse  sabvenit. 

The  Epilogue  (evidently  alluding  to  the 
Irish  Agitator)  was  as  follows.  The 
speakers,  be  it  observed,  are  Parmeno, 
Gnatho,  Thraso,  and  Sanga,  cum  suit : 

EPILOGUS  IN  EUNUCHUM. 
P.  Orator  noster  Gnatho  et  indefessns  amicul 
Ad  mc  venit  heri  pacta  trtbuta  peiens ; 
Namque  huic,  necareatdignopia  causa  patrono, 

Quoqoe  auno  servus  quilibei  as  tribuit. 
Turn,  nequid   dcsit  summc^  mihi  cara  legendl 
est.  [obotnm.' 

Sea  valt.  Ma   nonvatt,  dat  mihi  qaisque 


1835.] 


Sale  of  Mr.  Hehers  Library. 


T. 


Conftno  licc — vcrcor  am  coiificUatur  inique; 
N«in  mdUo  hunc  opni  est  mn  cKrc  viruni. 
Drirsiido  ip>«  cnram  geaiuni,  ciuricque  Uboro 

Jamdadum,  »tqu(  alio  muueic  ntoa  feriar. 
Ob  uunam — alThratoadrat — >MM]uitur  vextigia 
srrTana 
IjMf  Gnatho;  «den»  p«n*  Uubo  ducr-ffl. 
Th.  StI  dignum  vatto  lulit  liic  proniiiior  htatn, 
Itic  Gnatho — P.  VaJi  !  ceiif  vatluii   hiitui  «i 
at.  [audio!— O.   Jialvc 

T-    Mf  fallit,   mutaiqur,   firiem.  —  P.   Quldoum 
O  Dux  magdcl   quidrtl^  teocaileredrcrt ' 
O  lr)iidum  raput,  O  ooitn  ipo  DidKima  tocli ! 
T.    Tf  vrllcm  r«  auioio  lalia  vcrbt  loqui. 
ii.    Ex  aaimo  !  tluidui  iiKjuar  »x   aaimo !  upice 
vu'-tum 
Ml  Thtaao ;  num  credit  mc  lihi  y»rb«  dar«  » 
T.    Cur  mr  coiiletnQil  TImit?  cur  Plioidim  ridet' 

n.    Somiiiaf     Te  UudiiDt,  inirr'aiuirque  tihi 

T.    Num  uarraj  milii  vera? — G.  Audi — niuot  At- 
ticun>  ii»«»e. 
Eugfl    talis  Jnudaal, — G.    Qaiill    tna  dicia 

putal 
EkCidrre  ex  aDimitDnt,trii:>  >tat  gratia  rivax, 
Atque  Idem  iial  hooos  umjuc  ti>»i,UH)ur  tuia. 
Quid  Strato,  quid  Rliodius  — T.  Taccaj  mllii 

crvdcrc  potium, 
TJam  novi  mriftum:  viz  tibi  ciedo  talit. 
Va/menot  admo. — P.  Adium;  qaidvi*^ — G. 

Ukteode  tribuluni. 
Te  pudeJtt  nmlitm,  V>UX.  dubilare,  fidrm. 
Ectf?  mro>  tr^tctl  tiic  muru«  alxneiMctto 

^^*  til  frrMBli. — T.  Sane  Jta  UraoimalkcL 
Et  tiiti  cri'do  tu-iuio. — G.   Bene  sgik — lu,  Par- 
luviio,  letlej 
Au^r,  VI  la  tuto  poor — abittoe? — V,  Abut — 
Slreiiuui  int — v«lcfe»i — via  »-ji  huDC  rallere 

cuiquam. 
Vail  tamrn,  nt  narranF,  imperitarr'  mihi. 
linprriure   tibi,   patrano  ? — C.  lU    ia    urbe 

loquuDlur. 
Ruiootet  vaiios  acdula  turba  teiit. 
Hem  ledit  e(  curnt— Mlvacaine  prcunia^ — P. 
Nou  «it. 
liarcos  dtripiunt  Simalio  alquc  Dooaz. 
Arnrit  >ihi  Saoga  coquoi  ;  fur umque  m^niplait 
Hue   vcDit ;    auacollo    RiuriDun.— G.     Q*'"' 
Tadain^ 
Ubcrtat  riolenUqoidem  mprait  ioeitej — 


r. 


Sute,  Tliraao.— T.V«1>  -purt  principU   ca»e 
viilo.  [eat. 

G.    Fuitil,  et  advpniant  Turet:  milii  turpi- relinqui 
Thais  abett — ardea.    Thaidis  iugrediat — 
Nam  quod  cunqut  cavere  queo,  hoc  admit- 
teie  uolo. 
UlriMi  not  poieris;  mala  ego  proipiterfl. 
T-    Te. patioDerH^iuar, domua  una  taebitur ambot, 
Aiquc  apta  elCM^uio  cm  isia  l'ei.cstr>  tuo. 
En    (uicj  !    cam  vecte  Dooaa.!  en  Saoia  c<^>- 
quorum  [i(«rit  i 

A|men     agent,   el    te  — G.    Peiiiculnmue 
P.    Noa — longuni   cultrum   vibrat   el   te    qusnl 
abiquc  ;  [ocbulo. 

Adiunt.— S.    lite   Goatho    inaiiimua     nt 
DaC    verba     atque    urgat    victalD. — G.    Scio 
■rvrba  coquorun 
Circumilarci   otlia — Hrm  !    Hang*.  Syriicc, 
DoDax,  [9k.  hedde  tribulum, 

Simalio. — S.    QuidvU  ? — G.    At  quid   »o»? — 
Omnet.  Omne.— S.  Cibo  et  polu  pUbi  eget. — O. 
la  p^Uaia  [f.'<rceu»r«. 

Est  aDimus. — S.  Quidnl  '  v«lufnut  pant'in   rt 
O.    AuKulta. — S.  Nolo. — P.  Noo  ita,SaD|(B,  dfret. 
S.     Sic  quidcm  em. — P.  Cultroaepiiraajufiilare '' 
— S.  Tact  la  [liomiui, 

luCiaiu*,    O  loiigc    infri    infimum   ct — buic 
Huic  ncbuIoDi,  iaquam,  tervia  atque  atteotaria — 
Te  rcor  e  flainma  qaicrere  posK  cibum. 
G.    Paimeiio,  abi^-cur  tr  frugeicouiuinere  Datum 
Naiiga,  puui!  dortut  diccria  e«te  coquua  ; 
Exiguam  furtawc  auo  coin  a»t«  Mlnerrani — 
8.     Sane. — G.  Erco  tecum  verba  velim  fac«re  : 

Nod  cnetuoquiQ  hocchnirn  drrendere  potilm. 
S.     Drticndut — paolam  quivqoe  rrdedal — iti. 
parcr  niutere.lJouiu,  argumeutuin  ba<.i>lluun> — 
Hue  accede,  Goatiio — Paiinruo  rcstnl  ibi. 
G.    O  l^anga,  U  tocii,  ct  sotiorum  nomtac  digni, 
Vo>  pudeal  caatam  dcitrruisie  vocram — 
Jam  labiH'  in  6oe  etl.     OpcraCiri  aitociaDtur— 
Troja  fere  capla  ett,  via  maart  ara  Pnaoii — 
Curait  laalui  amor  vcnlrtt  r  aibt  libera  vubii 
Fectora,  iiat  nullo  colla  prvmciidu  jugo. 
S.     Kecte  ait — ah  pcreaut,   ec   tciivoa    la  cruce 
patcaiit, 
(Juicuiiquf  inter  not  ditcidiom  me  volant. 
G.    lijuiir    dimitto   agmeo. — S.    Vah,    uobiacutB 
ipte  redibit, 
Ilunc  bilarnn  tamct  Datio  tola  diem. 


i\&,  IlEBKIl'S    LIOUAtlY. 

The  Sale  of  the  Fourth  Part  of  Mr.  Heber's  Library,  which  has  been  jiroeeedin^ 
during  the  month  of  l>ecffiibcr.  at  Mr.  E>tiiis's,  and  occnpyinj^  fourteen  duy*,  ci>m- 
priiicdRoinc  very  curious  books  on  English,  Scotch,  and  Iritsh  history,  uiul  wint  ritre 
French  romaticeR,  ll  also  contained  the  larger  portion  «f  the  collection  of  ?]ti);li«h 
poetry,  und  of  authors  connected  with  the  commencemettt  artd  progress  of  the  Knglish 
unguact'  and  litcruture.  This  is  the  part  of  bin  Library  of  ^vhich  we  are  li»ld 
*•  Mr.  Heber  was  the  most  proud,  and  which  he  laboured  for  nearly  forty  yeaiH,  with 
unceasing  perseverance,  utid  et|ually  constant  pleaKure,  to  enrich  and  complete."  The 
prices  have  not,  however,  been  kept  up  to  their  former  height,  and  some  wire  knocked 
down  at  little  more  thai)  one-third  tbe  price  they  co»it  the  collector.  We  have  not  at 
present  room  to  notict;  more  than  Boine  of  the  principal  mrities. 

Alioni.  "  Opera  Jocnnda,  flee."  A  rare  and  curioua  book,  consifitinK 
of  tales,  theatrifa)  representation*,  and  poems,  in  the  J^lacaronick, 
Piedmontese.  and  French  larij^uages.  This  unique  copy  wa*  obtiiined 
from  Italy,  and  lielonged  to  Air.  Hanrott  ---... 
Armory  of  ilyrdes.  Printed  by  John  AV'yght,  bl.  1.  no  date 
••  Avale  (Lemcke);  a  Commemoration,  or  Dirige  of  Bastarde  Edmonde 
Boner,  alia.H  Sa\'age,  usurped  Uiwhojipc  of  London  (iji  verse  J.  Iin- 
printed  by  P.  i).,  1369."— A  llecantation  of  fumoun  Paaquin  ol  Elome, 
in  vers*.     Imprinted  by  John  Dayc,  1570 — K'o&t  10/.)  .        -        - 

Bancroft  (T.)—"  Heroical  Lover."     IliX.     Extremely  rare 
Darncfielde  (R.)     *■'  CyriUiia.  with  certain  Sonnets,  Ac."     \h*Xi.    , 
Beverley  (P.)    "  The  'History of  Ariodaiitoaiid  Jencura  (U.  I.>      - 
Breton's  smale  Uundtull  of  Fragrant  Flowers,  1575       .... 


£.    :  d. 


n   5 

0 

1    0 

0 

.3  15 

0 

0  Ui 

(J 

Jit    0 

0 

18     7 

« 

T     Q 

" 

4 


I 


I 

I 


I 

I 


80  Btofx  sold  in  Mr.  Hehtr'a  Library.  [Jan. 

Barclay  (A.)    *'  Here  begynneth  the  Eglogues  of  Alexander  Barclay,    £.    $.  d. 
Prest."    Mr.  Ueber,  in  a  note,  says,  "  I  know  of  no  other  copy;" — 
<'  except  a  copy,  (it  is  added)  in  the  Royal  Library  of  the  Britisa  Mu- 
seum."    Impmitcd  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde  -        -        -        -        -84  10    0 

Boetius"  Tbp  Boke  of  Comfort."     Translated  MD  XXV.  .        -    63    0    0 

C.  ( H.)  "  The  Forrest  of  Fancy.  Imprinted  by  Thomas  Purrfoote. 
1579" 7  10    0 

Chapman  (Geo.)  *'  Epicede  on  the  Death  of  Henry  Prince  of  Wales. 
1612."    -        .        -    _ 4  16    0 

Chapman's  "  Eugenia,  or  true  Nobilities  Trance ;  for  the  most  memo- 
rable  death  of  the  thrice  Noble  and  Religious  William  Lord  RusseU. 
Divided  into  foure  vigils  of  the  night."  1614.  Steevens's  copy;  very 
rare;  sold  to  the  Duke  of  Bedford  for 18    50 

Chattertoniana.  Works  of  Cbatterton  and  his  Commentators,  collected 
by  Dr.  Lort,  in  2  vols.  4to.,  4  vols.  8vo.,  and  1  vol.  18mo.,  from  Mr. 
Hanrott's  Librarv    • 14    00 

Chaucer  (Geffray.)  "  The  Assemble  of  Foules.  Imprynted  by  me 
Wynkyn  de  Worde.  MDXXX."  «  This  is  the  only  copy  known." 
MS.  note  by  Mr.  Ueber.  (See  it  described  in  the  Bibuotheca  Anglo- 
Poetica) 15    00 

Churchyard «  A  Discourse  of  Rebellion."    1570.  .        -        -        -      5    0    0 

Churchyard.  "  Prayse  and  Reporte  of  Maister  Martyne  Forboisher's 
Voyage" 900 

Churchyard.    "  Reporte  of  James  Fitz  Morrice  Death."    Six  leaves.     -      3  10    0 

Churchyard  (T.)  "  The  contention  bettwyxte  Churchyeard  and  Camell. 
1560." 990 

Churchyard  "  A  Myrrour  for  Man."    Bladt.  letter ;  tf tree  leavet     -        -      5  15    6 

Churchyard  "The  first  part  of  Churchyardes  Chippes."    1575        -        ■      8  15    0 

Churchyard's  «  Challenge,"  Wack  letter,  159a  ("  Shore's  Wife  aug. 
mented,"  appears  here.  At  the  close  of  the  list  of  Churchyard's  pro- 
ductions, is  a  remarkable  mention  of  Spenser  as  **  the  spirit  of  learned 
speech." 12    00 

Cutwode  (T.)  "  Caltha  Poetarum;  or,  the  Bumble  Bee."  Extraor. 
dinarily  rare,  1599.  (It  was  reprinted  by  Mr.  Heber  for  the  Roxburghe 
Club.) 3  18    0 

"  Cobler  of  Cantertnirie;  or,  an  Invective  against  Tarlton's  Newes  out 
of  Pui^torie,"  1608.  Unique,  from  the  Duke  of  Grafton's  library,  and 
purchased  for  the  Duke  of  Devonahire,  at  •        -        •        -        -    12  18    0 

Constable  (Henry)  "Diana,  the  Praises  of  bis  Mistress  (sonnets)  1598. 
Probably  unique      ...         ...        --..9  18    0 

Conusaunce  d' Amours.     Printed  by  Pynson  (unique)    .        .        .        -     15    0    0 

Dekker  (Thomas)  "  Warres,  warres,  vrarrea,"  1688.  Believed  to  be 
unique.     Purchased  at  Sir  M.  Sykes's  sale  for  I3i.l3t.      •        .        -      6    8    6 

*<  Syr  Degore ;"  unique  coiyr,  printed  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde  -        .     15    5    0 

Douglas.  "  The  Palis  of  Honoure,  compyled  by  Gawyne  Dowglas, 
Bysshope  of  Dunkyll  (a  Poem  written  in  1501).  Imprinted  by  Wyl. 
lyam  Copland"        -        -        .        ..        .        -        -•        -17    00 

Choyce  Drollery,  Songs  and  Sonnets,  bein^  a  Collection  of  divers  ex- 
cellent Pieces  of  Poetry  of  severall  eminent  Authors,  never  before 

printed,  1656.* 6  16    6 

**  lijigland's  Helicon,  or  the  Muses'  Harmony.  1614."     Of  great  rarity, 

belonged  to  Dr.  Farmer  and  to  Steevens    -        -        -        .'.        -886 

**  Djrsputacyon.     Here  begynneth  a  Lytel  Treatyse,  called  the  Dys- 

{)utacyon,  or  complaynt  of  the  Herte  thorougbe  perced  with  the 
okynge  of  the  eye.  Imprynted  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde."  A  quarto, 
consisting  of  very  few  leaves;  it  bad  Men  in  the  ndlection  of  Home 
Tooke,  and  the  Duke  of  Roxburghe,  and  once  sold  for  301.  .        .     10    0    0 

(To  be  continued.) 

*  There  were  more  than  twenty  volumes  of  this  class,  uniformly  bound.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  intrinsically  valuable,  if  only  for  the  very  interesting  poem  in  which 
characters  are  given  of  all  the  following  poets : — Shakespeare,  Jonson,  Beaumont, 
Fletchei',  Massinger,  Chapman,  Dabonie,  Sylvester,  Quarles,  May,  Sands,  Digges, 
Daniel,  Dniyton,  Withers,  Bruvvn,  Shirley,  Ford,  Middlcton,  Heywood,  Church- 
yard, Dekker,  Broome,  Chaucer,  Spencer,  Basse,  and  tiuaily,  John  Shank  the 
actor,  who  is  said  to  have  been  famous  for  a  jig. 
10 


1835.] 


81 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


80i:iF.TY    OF    ANTUa'ARIKS. 

Xuv.  20.  The  Society  lu'ld  their  first 
meeting  for  the  svusun,  wliich  whs  nu- 
merously attended,  Mr.  Hudson  Gurncy 
in  the  chair. — The  Secretary  announced 
a  larg^c  number  of  ])resents  of  hooks,  &c. 
from  the  CommisNiuiiers  ol  Public  Re- 
cords and  other  Iciirned  bodies,  and  from 
indi^nduul.-i. 

Thomas  Fanner  Dukes,  Esq.  F.S.A. 
of  Shrewsbury,  eonimunicated  an  ac- 
count of  Ecveral  ancient  weapons  of 
bronze,  con>>isting  of  swords,  spear-heads, 
and  celts,  fcMUul  near  the  foot  of  the 
Wrekin,  in  Shropshire ;  the  account  was 
accompanied  by  drawings,  and  several  of 
the  onginal  weapons,  and  casts  in  brass 
from  others. 

Mr.  King,  of  Chichester,  commu- 
nicated, through  the  hands  of  the  Bishop 
of  Chichester,  an  account,  with  drawings, 
of  a  colossal  head  found  near  the  Epis- 
copal Palace  at  Chichester,  supposed  to 
be  designed  for  the  head  of  King  Ed- 
ward I. ;  it  was  a  large  corbel,  probably 
in  the  interior  of  the  building,  having 
been  coloured.  Also  two  ^tonmn  in- 
scriptions discovered  at  Chichester;  and 
drawings  and  descriptions  ofsome  Egyptian 
remains  brotight  from  Thebes,  by  P.  Stew- 
art, Esq.  in  1833,  and  de]>08ited  in  the 
museum  of  the  Chichester  Philosophical 
Institution. 

Mr.  Schombeig,  of  Tortola,  presented 
a  collection  of  (^ribean  antiquities,  con- 
sisting of  stone-hatchets,  &c.  with  a  dis- 
sertation on  the  origin  and  descent  of  the 
Caribs,  the  reading  of  which  was  post- 
poned. 

Xuv.  27.— U.  Hallam,  Esq.  V.  P. 

Edward  John  Kudge,  Esti.  M.A.  au- 
thor of  Remarks  on  the  Architecture  of 
Evesham  Church,  was  elected  Fellow. 

Mr.  Henry  Herman  Kater  presented  a 
sword  found  in  1812,  in  a  peat-bog  at 
Ljrndale,  in  the  Isle  of  Skye.  It  is  of 
mixed  metal;  and  in  size  and  shape, 
nearly  similar  to  one  lately  found  in  the 
Thames,  by  the  ballast-dredgers,  off  So- 
merset-house, and  now  in  the  possession 
of  a  gentleman  at  the  Tower  of  London. 

If  the  swords  of  this  shape  are  of  Ro- 
man origin  (and  it  is  jjrobable  they  are), 
there  can  be  no  doubt,  judging  from  their 
weight  and  length,  that  they  were  u.sed 
by  the  ca\-Blry. 

Thos.  Phillips,  Esq.  R.A.andP'.S.A. 
communicated  an  account  of  a  British 
canoe  found  at  North  Stoke,  in  Sussex, 
in  a  field  where  then?  evidently  existed,  in 
early  times,  a  creek  from  the  river  Arun. 

Gent.  Mau.  Vol.  III. 


It  is  hollowed  out  from  the  half  of  the 
trunk  of  a  large;  onk,  first  rudely  squared 
at  each  end.  Its  length  is  c{5  feet,  4< 
inches ;  its  depth,  in  the  centre,  1  foot, 
10  inches;  its  width,  4  feet,  6  inches;  its 
thickness  at  bottojn,  4  j  inches  It  was 
first  drawn  from  its  place  of  deposit  on 
the  2i>th  of  July  htst;  but  had  been  seen 
for  many  years,  and  even  cut  through  in 
the  formation  of  drains,  being  regarded 
only  as  a  fallen  tree.  It  is  altogether 
much  decayed.  It  has  been  presented  to 
the  British  Museum  by  the  Earl  of  Egre- 
mont,  on  whose  land  it  was  found. 

In  consequence  of  the  death  and  fu- 
neral of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  there 
were  no  meetings  of  the  Society  on  the 
4th  and  11th  of  December. 

Die  la  —  W.  R.  Hamilton,  Esq. 
V.  P. 

John  Young,  Esq.  of  Finsbugr-square, 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society. 

Mr.  Diamond  exhibited  a  Roman  coin 
of  Commodus,  a  piece  of  brass  chain, 
and  other  fragments  of  metal,  found  in 
one  mass  of  conglomerated  gravel  in  the 
piles  of  London-bridge. 

Sir  F.  Palgrave,  F.S.A.  communi- 
cated a  short  account  of  the  relics  of  the 
ancient  Treasury  of  the  Chamberlains  of 
the  Exchequer,  remaining  under  his  cus- 
tody at  the  Chapter-bouse,  Westminster; 
they  consist  principally  of  several  dies 
for  coins,  and  a  bag  of  169  groats  of 
Henry  yiL 

Mr.  Samuel  Woodward  communicated 
a  i>lan  and  description  of  the  ruins  of  the 
Priory  (yhurch  of  Wymondham,  in  Nor- 
folk, which  have  been  recently  explored 
by  the  parochial  authorities.  The  most 
remarkable  discovery,  was  that  of  two 
leaden  cases,  which  were  opened,  and 
found  to  contain,  one,  the  body  of  a 
young  female,  and  the  other,  that  of  a 
foBtus  of  the  fourth  month,  both  carefully 
embalmed;  the  lady  wa»  undoubtedly 
some  near  relation  of  the  founder,  Wil- 
liam do  Albini.  Some  further  particulars 
of  this  discovery  have  already  been  pub- 
lished in  our  number  for  March  1831>, 
p.  317.  In  the  Chapter-house  were  two 
other  coffins,  containing  the  interments  of 
priors ;  and  under  the  floor  was  a  mass  of 
melted  lead,  which  had  been  run  into  tho 
spot,  and  being  twice  marked  with  the 
King's  stamp,  is  with  the  greatest  pro- 
bability supposed  to  have  been  part  of 
that  seized  by  Howerdew,  upon  the  dis- 
solution, at  the  time  when  the  spoliation 
of  this  very  monastery  conduced  to  the 
breaking  out  of  Kett's  rebellion.  Mr. 
M 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


82 

Woodward  added  a  drawing  of  the  beau- 
tiful seal  of  Archbishop  Arundel,  af- 
fixed to  a  license  for  erecting  a  belfrey  at 
Wymondham,  in  141 1.  It  represents  the 
murder  of  Thomas  a  Becket. 

RECENT  DISCOVERIES   AT  FOSfFEU. 

At   Pompeii    there   has    been    lately 
opened  the  street  leading  from  the  Tem- 
ple of  Fortune  to  the  Cfate  of  Isis,  pass- 
ing nearly  through  the   middle  of  the 
town.   On  reaching  a  central  point  from 
which  streets  diverge  to  the  theatres  and 
to  the  walls  of  the  city,  there  was  found 
an  alter,   placed  before    the  protecting 
genius  of  the  town,  in  the  form  of  a  ser- 
pent;   the    faces  of    the  altar  are   or- 
namented with    paintings,    representing 
the  priests  offering  libations  and  other 
sacritices.     On   exploring  two  shops  in 
the  streef  of  Fortune,   there  was  dis- 
covered a  pair  of  bronze  scales,  and  a 
weight  in  the  shape  of  a  pear,  a  bronze 
dish  with  handles,  a  hatchet,  and  some 
sniall  cylindriad  objects  made  of  bone 
and   perforated,   supposed  to  have  been 
used  either  in  some  female  works  or  for 
making  calculations.     A  house  has  been 
discovered    behind    the    grand    Mosaic, 
comprising  a  vestibule,  several  sleeping- 
rooms  ornamented  with  simplicity,  and  a 
tabulum  or  host  adorned  with  the  most 
exquisite  paintings  on  stucco.     In   this 
house  were  found  a  bronze  shell  of  ele- 
gant   workmanship,    an    earthen    lamp, 
black  with  smoke,  vessels  containing  co- 
lours, and  a  wooden  chest    lined  with 
iron,  and  surrounded  by  figures  formed 
of  braits  nails. 

BRONZE  CINERARY   URN. 

At  Bavai,  near  Valenciennes,  by  the 
side  of  the  road  to  Avesnes,  one  of  the 
seven  old  Roman  roads  that  concentrated 
flt  Bavai,  a  very  fine  cinerary  urn  in 
bronze,  between  nine  and  ten  inches 
high,  including  the  cover,  and  eight 
inches  in  diameter,  was  lately  discovered. 
It  contained  some  portions  of  bones 
nearly  reduced  to  dust,  and  has  the  fol- 
lowing inscription: — "  DIS  M.  Hirtius 
C.  Anno  VIICX."  It  is  in  fine  pre- 
ser^'ation,  and  ornamented  with  bas- 
reliefs  in  the  purest  style  and  of  su- 
)>criar  workmanship.  It  probably  was 
made  to  contain  the  ashes  of  one  of  the 
companions  of  Tiberius,  who  died  at 
Bavai  during  the  residence  of  that  em- 
peror there. 

ROMAN  UKMAINS  AT  KENT-STREET,  SOUTH- 
WAUK,  AND  ST.  CLEMENT'S-I.ANE,  LONDON. 

In  the  burial-ground  of  the  Dissenters' 
CJliapol,  in  Deveril-strect,  New  Dover- 
road,  which  is  situated  about  200  yards 


[Jan. 


south-west  of  Kent -street,  a  part  of  the 
line  of  the  ancient  Watling-street,  Roman 
urns,  lacrymatories  of  glass,  and  other 
vessels,  are  found  almost  on  every  occa- 
sion when  the  grouud  is  opened  for  a  fresb 
interment.  A  very  perfect  and  elegantly 
formed  urn  of  grej  pottery,  eight  inches 
high,  seven  inches  in  diameter  at  the  top, 
and  three  at  the  bottom,  containing  cal- 
cined bones,  evidently  carefully  separated 
from  the  embers  of  the  funeral  pile,  has 
recently  been  discovered.  Mr.  Martin, 
an  undertaker,  who  resides  near  the  Cha- 
pel, has  numerous  articles  of  similar  an- 
tiquity in  bis  possession,  found  on  the 
same  spot,  and  among  them  several  frag, 
ments  of  highly  polished  bronze  mirrors, 
which  have  apparently  been  purjtoteUf 
broken  at  the  interment  of  the  ashes  of  the 
females  to  whom  they  bad  probably  be- 
longed. These  remains  decidedly  mark 
the  site  of  a  Roman  or  Romano- British 
burial-ground. 

In  the  excavations  for  the  houses  in 
the  new  street  from  London -bridge  to 
the  Bank,  Roman  remains  have  not  been 
wanting,  though  not  so  nunrerous  as 
might  have  been  expected ;  perhaps,  from 
the  circumstance  tnat  this  place  was  in- 
cluded in  ihe  site  of  an  open  space, 
appropriated  to  a  Roman  forum,  to 
which  the  Saxon  East  Cheap,  or  muker, 
succeeded.  The  workmen  have  found 
several  of  the  beads,  of  a  semiopaque, 
porcelain -like  substance,  commonly  called 
Druid  beads ;  and  at  tbe  comer  of  Cle* 
menfs-lane,  immediately  contiguous  to 
tile  Church,  at  the  depth  of  seven  feet, 
a  Roman  floor,  formed  of  their  favour- 
ite compost,  tetteratum,  or  pounded  tile 
and  lime,  might  a  few  days  since  be 
observed ;  also  firagments  of  walls,  com- 
posed of  rag  stone  and  Roman  brick ;  a 
well*,  neatly  steined ;  and,  at  the  same 
time,  several  coins  of  Vespasian,  and 
much  fractured  Samian  ware,  were  disco- 
vered. A  fragment  of  the  latter,  in  our 
Correspondent's  possession,  is  ornamented 
with  grotesque  beads,  representing  Per- 
lome,  or  stage  masks  employed  by  the  Ro- 
man actors.  This  adds  another  to  the 
numerous  instances  of  Christian  churches 
in  London  standing  on  foundations  of 
Roman  buildings,  and  indicating  that 
their  sites  had  been  pre- occupied  oy  Pa- 
gan temples ;  on  which  subject  the  reader 
may  consult  the  Ecclesiastical  History  of 
the  Venerable  Bede,  lib.  i.  cap.  30. 

A.  J.  K. 

*  Numerous  Roman  wells  have  been 
discovered  in  the  recent  excavations  near 
East  Cheap.  The  Romans  evidently 
availed  themselves  of  the  fine  springs  with 
which  the  substi'ata  of  London  abuund. 


1835.1 


83 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


DOMESTIC    OCCURRENCES. 


7%e  Lady  Chapel,  St.  SaviourU.— On 
'Saturday,  the  20th  instant,  a  meeting  of 
tbe  Committee  for  tbe  Rustoration  of  the 
1^7  Cbapol  took  place  in  tbe  Vestry 
Room  of  St.  Saviour's  Cburt-h.  The 
Rev.  Dr.  Kenney  reported,  that,  "  pur- 
rauit  to  tbe  undertaking  of  the  Right 
Hoo.  and  Venerable  Lord  Walsingham, 
Archdeacon  of  Surrey,  expressed  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Clergy  at  his  Lordship's 
Tiaitation  at  St.  Saviour's  Church  on  tbe 
89th  day  of  October  last,  he  bad  imme- 
diately applied  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  the 
Diocese  fur  liis  approval  of  the  proposed 
limited  subscription  of  one  guinea  each, 
by  the  Clergy  and  such  of  the  Parishion- 
ers in  the  several  parishes  of  the  diocese 
aswould  be  inclined  to  contribute,  towards 
•  fund  for  the  restoration  of  the  nave  of 
St.  Saviour's  Church,  and  the  liquidation 
of  tbe  balance  of  expences  for  the  Lady 
Chapel.  That  after  lengthened  corres- 
pondence, the  Lord  Bishop  was  pleased 
to  appoint  an  interview  in  St.  Janies's- 
square  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Kenney  and 
Thomas  Saunders,  esq.  F.  S.  A.,  on 
Wednesday,  I7th  Dec.  instant,  at  which, 
after  full  consideration  and  explanation, 
Ids  Lordship  was  kind  enough  to  express 
his  wannest  approbation  of  the  objects 
in  view;  and  that,  although  he  did  not 
feel  himself  at  liberty  to  issue  any  official 
circular  on  the  subject,  yet  his  good 
wishes  for  the  measure  might  be  men- 
tioned, accompanied  with  his  intention, 
if  the  subscription  w^as  followed  up,  and 
there  should  be  ultimately  a  deficiency  in 
tbe  required  amount,  to  subscribe  '26oi., 
in  addition  to  his  subscription  of  300/., 
already  given  for  the  Ladv  Chapel." 
Thus  much  we  have  derived  from  our 
personal  attendance  on  the  proceedings  of 
the  Committee— and  we  have  only  to  add 
our  hearty  wish  that  the  public  liberality 
may  reimburse  Mr.  Saunders  in  a  con- 
siderable sum  of  money  (7U0/.)  which  is 
still  due  to  him  on  account  of  the  expen- 
ses incurred  by  him  in  the  restoration  of 
tlie  Lady  Chapel — of  which  he  must  ge- 
nerously and  zealously  adopt(!d  the  re- 
sponsibility—as  also,  that  the  dismantled, 
desecrated,  and  neglected  nave  will  (ere 
it  be  too  late)  obtain  similar  exertions  for 
its  resturation.  One  half  of  the  noblest 
Gotliic  church  in  the  diocese  of  Win- 
chester (save  its  Cathedral),  and  in  the 
metropolitan  district,  is  daily  mouldering 
away  by  the  barbarous  removal  of  its  roof, 


and  exposure  to  tbe  weather.  Let  those 
who  venerate  the  taste  of  our  ancestors, 
and  respect  the  ancient  altars  of  their 
country's  Christianity,  timely  preserve  this 
noble  monument  of  lH)th. 

Vtom  the  Annual  Report  of  the  So- 
ciety for  Promoting  Christian  Know- 
ledge, just  published,  it  a|»pears  that  "  a 
very  considerable  augmentation  of  its  in- 
come, and  a  proportionate  increase  in  the 
circulation  of  its  publications,  have  taken 
place  in  the  past  year.  Its  income  has 
amounted  to  the  sum  of  74^000/.  1 6s.  5d. 
being  an  increase  upon  the  preceding  year 
of  more  than  3,000/.  The  total  number 
of  its  publications  circulated  during  the 
past  year  has  amounted  to  2,152,073,  be- 
ing an  increase  of  72,000  upon  the  pre- 
ceding year."  This  statement  is  exclu- 
sive  of  the  books  circulated  by  the  Com- 
mittee of  General  Literature  and  Educa- 
tion. The  number  of  publications  circu- 
lated by  that  committee  alone  in  one  year, 
including  the  Saturday  Magazine^  has 
amounted  to  5,163,929.  Of  the  Satur- 
day  Magazine,  which  was  their  earliest 
work,  an  increase  of  the  amount  of  nearly 
Jiftecn  thousand  numbers  in  each  week  has 
taken  place;  and  the  average  of  the 
weekly  circulation,  including  the  Supple- 
ments, is  now  more  than  ninety-five  thou- 
tand  The  total  numl>er  of  copies  sold 
in  the  past  year,  is  four  tnilliont  nine  hun- 
dred and  fi/ty-teven  thotuand,  and  eigfity- 
four.  The  total  number  of  the  publica- 
tions sold  in  the  past  year,  exclusive  of 
the  Saturday  Magazine,  is  txco  hundred  and 
$ix  thousand  tight  hundred  andforly-fixe. 


The  clergy  of  Exeter,  in  a  late  ad- 
dress, having  called  upon  the  public  and 
the  legislature  "  to  attend  to  the  deficien- 
cies in  the  existing  laws  for  the  enforce- 
ment of  clerical  discipline,"  the  Bishop  of 
the  diocese.  Dr.  Phillpotts,  in  reply,  took 
the  occasion  to  quote  the  speech  of  Lord 
John  Russell,  in  order  to  deny  the  re- 
ported assertion  of  his  lordship  with  re- 
spect to  tithe  commutation.  "  No  such 
measure,"  says  Dr.  Phillpotts,  "was  pre- 
sented to  the  bishops,  nor  had  they  au- 
thorized any  statement  of  their  intention 
to  oppose  such  a  measure."  It  was  his 
own  wish,  he  says,  and  the  wish  of  the 
Bishops  as  a  body,  to  assent  to  any  equi- 
table measure  for  the  settlement  of  the 
tithe  question,  which    the   Govcnviw^iTvV. 


84 


Theatrical  Register. — Promotions,  S(C. 


fJan. 


miRht  propose.  He  expresses  bis  regret, 
and  thiu  ot  the  Bishops,  that  the  measure 
for  the  improvement  of  discipline  brought 
forward  in  1833,  was  not  proceeded  with 
by  the  (iovcniment.  Twice  did  the  late 
Goveniment  promise  a  communication 
from  the  Crown  to  the  Bishops,  but  neither 
time  was  the  promise  kept. 

THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 

Oai'KY  I.ANK. 

Nov.  15.  A  new  operatic  drama,  called 
The  Hed  Maik,  or  the  Council  of  Three, 
was  produced.  It  is  an  adaptation,  by 
Flunch^,  from  the  music  of  "  II  Bravo," 
by  Murliuni,  under  the  supervision  of 
Mr.  'J\  Cooke.  The  scenic  accom. 
paiiimcnts  wt-re  perhaps  the  most  impos- 
injf  part  «jf  the  piece,  which  consisted 
nion;  of  spectacle  than  real  dramatic 
worth. 

.\ov.  2b.     A  farce,  by  Capt.  Addison, 


named  Tam  (fShanUr,  from  Bums's 
inimitable  poem,  was  played  with  com. 
plete  success. 

Dec.  13.  A  little  comedy,  or  rather 
interlude,  from  the  pen  of  Mr.  Planch^, 
u-as  introiduced,  and  announced  for  repe- 
tition amidst  unanimous  applause. 

Dec.  26.  The  Christmas  production, 
was  Kiwg  Arthur  amd  the  Knights  of  the 
Hound  Tubk,  from  the  popular  legend  of 
that  name. 

COVENT  Gakden. 

Drc.  3.  A  new  comedy,  in  three  acts, 
called  Modern  I/ouour,  by  Mrs.  Gore, 
was  brought  fonvard,  and  tolerably  well 
received. 

Dec.  26.  The  Christmas  pantomime 
was  Harlequin  and  f^een  A/ab^  or  n* 
Three  Glat*  Distaffi.  The  scenic  repre. 
sentations  were  very  splendid;  and  the 
Harlequin  tricks  extremely  clever  and 
amusing. 


PROMOTIONS,   PREFERMENTS, &c. 


Gazette  Peomotions. 

Nov.  CI.  I'lie  Duke  of  Wpllmcton.  Etrl  of 
I!f>t-lyn,  lx>ril  F.lleoboruuRh,  Loid  MirybOfOUKh, 
Kri{lit  Moil.  Kir  Juhn  Betkrtt.  Bart,  and  J<»epli 
PUiit<i,  K?q.  Ill  be  Commisaivoeii  for  executiug 
tli«  i.lhcc  i)t"  Ticajuirr  of  tlir  Exchequer. 

John  Hirnson  Slrftrr,  of  SorUwell,  Oxford, 
K>q.  in  iompliancp  with  the  will  of  liii  mattrnat 
unrlv  Joliii  (Uiriuin,  Esq.  derraiied,  to  take  the 
natnr  .iiul  qu;aitiT  tlie  anni  of  Harriton. 

Nov.  ••.'.  II-.>m1  Arlil.eiy,  Kirvct  M.<jor  G. 
Col>l>r  I"  be  l,icut.-Col. 

Nov.  vi>.  Sir  Kird.  Maddrn,  K.II.  of  lheBriti»li 
Mu  t-uin,  to  be  u  Gentleman  of  liis  Majesty'* 
Privy  Cliamtici  III  Urdinvry. 

Nov.  i-t.  Unattached — Tn  he  Major*,  Captaia 
J.J.  Il^iiiiUnn,  Bn-vet-Major  J.  Ilenderton. 

Der.  10.  Kiclit  Hoo.  Sir  Rolxrt  Peel,  Bart.,  to 
be  Cliaiiccllcr  and  Under  Treaaurer  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's F.xtlicqui-r. 

Dec.  I>i.  Scoti  Futilicr  Guaidt,  Orn.  O.  Duke 
(if  (Jordoii,  (i.e.  B.  to  tM! Col.— l<t  Foot.  Ocn.  T. 
I.ord  l.yuedixh.  G.  C.  B.  to  be  Col.-^th  Fool, 
I.iput  (irn.  lion.  Sir  C.  CoWille,  U.C.B.  to  be 
Col.— 7ttl:  Fc>ut,M4J.(ieo..SirJ.Cainpbell,K.C.B. 
to  t>e  Col.—'  4(li  Tout,  M  •j.-Oco.  Sir  J.  Colborop, 
K.C.B.  to  tic  Col. 

Dec.  l!».  aith  Foot,  Major  Cndbert  French,  to 
be  Lieut. -Col. ;  Cjpt.  Goie  Browne,  to  be  Miyor. 
— Brt'vrt  Cipt.  Archibald  Hook  to  be  Major  io 
the  Army. 

Iiiu  Nkw  MiNi>iinY.— Dec.  Ifi,  18,  23,  kefi.— 
S  r  K.  Peel,  First  l.ord  of  the  Ticasury  aud  Chan- 
c.-llor  of  the-  Kxriipquer ;  l.ord  I.yndhunt,  l/ird 
Iliqli  CliHiirellor;  E.«rl  of  Ruttlvn,  President  of 
II. «'  Cuuticil :  l.oiil  Wharncliffc,  l.oid  Privy  Seal; 
tlif  Diikr  fif  Wcllmgton,  Secretary  of  Slate  for 
Forcian  Alf.<ir>i;  Hiclit  Hon.  II.  'Ooulburn,  .Se- 
rrelaiy  for  tl  c  llinic  IJepartment;  Earl  of  Aber- 
deen. Colonial  S«'crftaiy;  Right  Hon.  J.  C.  Her- 
ries.Si-f  retarv  'I  W^r;  .s.rH.  liardiiiQe,  Secretary 
for  IreUiiil ;  K  irl  <lc  (irey,  Fint  Lord  of  the  Ad- 
iniiMliy;  I.oid  Elleiil'orouah,  Picsident  of  the 
Boanl  uf  Contr,.l  ;  Ki(lu  Hon.  A.  Uarin«,  Mai- 
tcr  of  the  .Mint;  Hicht  Hon.  Sir  £.  Kn;itchbull, 
H.iit.,  ['.tyiiiAsliT  ni'  ilic  Forces;  Rt^lit  Hon. 
Sir  t;.  Murr:<v.  M,i>-ier-Gpiicral  of  the  Ordnance  ; 
Rt.  Iloii.C.  W  \V.  Wynne,  Chancellor  of  the 
Uuchy  ot  Litncajiir. 


Dec.  90.  Lord  Granrille  Somcrtet,  Wm.  Y. 
Feel,  riq.  and  Joaeph  Plauta,  eaq.  twora  of  the 
Privy  Council. 

Dec.  N.  Earl  de  Orey,  Yice-Adm.  Sir  O. 
Cockburo,  G.C.B.  Vice-Adm.  Sir  J.  P.  Remfbrd. 
K.C.B.  Vice  Adm.  Sir  C.  Bowley.  K.C.B.  Lord 
Aahiey,  and  Rt.  Hon.  M.  FtiiOerald,  to  be  Com- 
mistlooers  of  the  Admiialty. 

Lt.-Oen.  Lord  Robert  Somertet,  G.C.B.  to  be 
Matter  of  the  Ordnance :  Rpar.Adm.  Sir  B.  Oveo, 
K.C.B.  Clerk  of  the  Ordnance ;  F.  VL.  Bonham, 
tf\.  Storekeeper;  Alex.  Perceral,  esq.  Treasurer. 

ViKOunt  Lowthcr  to  be  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trade  and  Treasurer  of  the  Naty. 

Dec.  a.  Lord  Oraoville  Soraenet,  to  be  fir!t 
CommiMioner  of  Woudi,  &c. — Lord  Maryberoa|h 
to  be  Postmaster-teneral. 

Dec.  «6.  Rt.  Hoo.  Sir  R.  Pre),  Rt.  lloa.W.  Y. 
Peel,  F^rl  ol  Lincoln,  Vitrount  Stormoat,  C. 
Rost,  e»q.  W.  E.  Gladstoor,  CM},  to  b*  Comoiit- 
sionen  of  theTreaauiy. 

Rifiht  Hoo.  J.  Sullivsn,  Sir  A.  C.  Grant,  and 
Mr.  Plaata,  Comininioaer*  for  the  Aifatt*  of 
India. 

SeereUrie* :  Treainry,  Sir  O.  Clerk,  Bart.  Sir 
T.  F.  Frcmaiitle,  Bart.;  Admiralty,  Rt.  Hoo.  G. 
R.  Dawson;  Board  of  Control,  W.  M.  Praed,  esq. 

Under-Secretaries :  Home,  Lord  Eliot ;  Foreign, 
Lord  Mah(  n  ;  Colonial,  Hon.  T.  S.  Wortlry. 

Law  Appointmenli:  Sir  J.  Scarlett  to  he  Lord 
Chief  B.iron  ;  Mr.  F.  Pollock,  Attorney  (eoeral ; 
Mr.  Follett,  Solicitor-general. 

Ireland :  The  Earl  of  Haddington,  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant; Sir  E.  Sugden,  Lord  Chancellor;  Ser- 
geant Penuefather,  Attorney-general;  Mr.  Dr- 
Yonsher  Jackson,  Solicitor-general. 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  J.  Beckett,  Judge-Advoeate-gene- 
ral ;  Sir  W.  Rae,  Lord  Advocate  of  Scotland. 

Household :  Duke  of  Dorset,  Master  of  the 
HuiM  (and  crenti-d  G.C.H.);  Earl  of  Jersey, 
Lord  Chamberlain;  Earl  Kodien,  Lord  Steward. 

Tu  the  Queen:  Eail  Howe,  Lord  Chamber- 
lain; E<rl  ol  F.rroll,  Master  of  the  Horse. 

Dec.  •i*.  Knighted,  John  Ross,  esq.  Capt. 
R.N.,  C.H.  K.St.  A.  and  K.S. 

Dec.  *e.  -iA  Foot,  Lt.-Gen.  Rt.  Hon.  Sir 
Jas.  Kempt,  G.C.B.  to  be  Colonel.  77th  Foot, 
M:<j.-Uen.  Sir  A.  Cimpbell,  Bart.  G.C  B.  to  be  Col. 

The  Duke  of  BurcUugh  to  be  a  Knight  of  the 


1835.] 


Promotions,  Sfc. — Births  and  Marriages. 


85 


Garter.     The    Earl  of  lUrdwieke  to  It.   Loid 
UcBtenant  of  Cambridgeihire. 

Navai.  Pkomotions. — Commandrr*  W.  U*ra- 
ley,  James  Towaihend,  James  Clark  Rom,  and 
the  Hon.  Anhnr  Ouncombe,  to  be  Capta. 


Ecclesiastical  Preferments. 

Rev.  W.  B4rlow,  a  Preb.  in  Chester  Cath.,  aud 
Coddington  R.  Chester. 

Rev.  T.  B«iton,  Authtoa  R.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  W.  H.  BUnd,  Wymiottoa  R.  Bed*. 

Rev.  E.  Bull,  Peotlow  R.  Euex. 

Rev.  H.  Cooper,  Rye  V.  Sussex. 

Rev.  R.  Cooper,  Christie  Fritham  R.  Otoueester. 

Rev.  R.  Dawkios,  Battingtoo  P.  C.  Montgomery, 

Rev.  O.  F.  DawtoD,  Harstburn  Prior  V.  lUnts. 

Rev.  T.  Dikes,  North  Ferriby  V.  Yorkshire. 

Hon.  and  Rev.  K.  J.  Edra,  Batlersea  V.  Surrey. 

Rev.  R.  U.  Faulkner,  Uavenng  atte  Bower  P.  C. 
Essex. 

Rev.  J.  Griffith,  Llaneu^radR.  Anglesey. 

Rev.  W.  J.  IlamiltOD,  Nruledon  P.  0.  Burks. 

Rev.  Rich.  Haworth,  All  Sainu  K.  IIuoliDgdoa. 

Rev.  J.  Uiggins,  ElUiam  V.  Kent. 

Rev.  J.  Hooper,  Albury  R.  Surrry. 

Rev.  C.  U.  Hutton,  Willoughby  V.  Warwickshire. 

Rev.  A.  Jenoar,  Roiheley  V.  and  Peculiar,  Lei- 
cesiershiie. 

Rev.  P.  Johnson.  Syderstone  R.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  H.  Jones,  Egerton  P.  C.  Kent. 

Rev.  F.  Litchfield,  Ryhall  cum  Bssendine  V. 
Rutland. 

Rev.  A.  B.  Mesham,  Wooton  K.  Kent. 

Rev.  Moorr,  K.  G.  Uorkstow  V.  Ltocoloshire. 

Rev.  II.  J.  Newbery,  St.  Margaret  Patteus  and 
St.  Gabriel  R.  London. 

Rev.  G.  tVarse,  Martham  V.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  C.  Filkingtoii,  Stockton  R.  eo.  Warwick. 

Rev.  W.  Proctor,  Doddinglon  P.  C.  Northum- 
berland. 

Rev.  John  Kaine,  BIythe  V.  Nottingham. 

Rev.  T.  Kemioiton,  Caituiel  P.  C.  Laura^hire. 

Kcv.  W.  J.  Ridtdale,  Poole  P.  C.  Dursrt>hire. 

Rev.  G.  Roburti,  Coleford  P.  C.  Somrrjct. 

Kev.  J.  Roberts,  Tal-y-Llyn  P.  C.  co.  Merioneth. 

Rev.  V.  Smith,  Stonry  Mid'llcton  P.  (;.  ro.  Derby . 

Rev.T.  Snow,  St.  Duostao'tin  Uie  E.i*l  R.  LoikJod. 

Rev.  D.  Stephens,  Little  Prtherirk  It.  Cornwall. 

Rev.  W.  H.Tralc,  Dri|;hlini{too    P.  C.  co.  York. 

Rev.  O.  Trevelyan.  Maldon  V.  Surrey. 

Rev.  T.  Watson,  Nvwtoii  V.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  D.  H.  T.  G.  William%  Nevern  V.  co.  Pemb. 

RrT.  C.  Wodswortb,  H^rdinR^tooe  V.  co.  Npu. 

Rev.  J.  Wrey,  Kmssnytnpton  R.  co.  Devon. 

Rev.  P.  S.  Dodd.  Chaplain  to  the  King, 

Rev,  F.  Norris,  (^hMpUm  to  Vi.ic.  Siraogford. 


Civil  Preferments. 

Marquis  of  Camden  to  be  Chancellor  of  Cam- 
bridge University. 

The  Duke  of  Northumberland  tobt  Iligli  Steward 
of  Cambridge  ITniverMty, 

Lord  Stanley  to  ht  I.«rd  Hector  of  Glasgow  Uni- 
veisitv. 

Kev.  J.  G.  Griffith  to  be  Head  Mak»rr  of  Bridg- 
water School. 


BIRTHS. 

Sept.  10.  At  tlie  Ca|>e  of  Good  Hope,  the  lady 
of  Sii  John  llt't^rhei,  a  dau. 

Oct.  C7.  At  St.  Petersburg,  tlic  wife  of  the 
Grand  Duke  Mirhai-I,  a  dau. 

Nov.  S.  At  T»lton-p«rk,  Clirstr r.  Lady  Char- 
lotte Egerton, a  Jon. — 17.  At  WiUicndge,  D«von, 
the  wife  of  llie  Rev.  John  Peter  Benson,  of   twin 

dan. -lO.  At  Kenton,  tin;  wife   of  the  Rev.  J. 

R.TIionipion,  ad4u. -.'l.  Atllie  dowagir  Lady 

ArundFl'i, tlicllon.  Mrs.  Xe4ve,.fOii. ■HO.  At 

Devon- h>r('-pl.  Plymouth,  ihe  wile  ol  (he  Uev. 
T.  B.  Edwards,  of  St.  Sttphcn'',  »  .>on. 

Lately.  At  HtClarr,  Uh;  ot    Wn'.t,  tin-  Il'-n. 

Mrs.  Krvill  He  id,  a   dau. At   K.iinburgh.  the 

•ife  of  Col.  Pitman,   a  dau, At  l.ciijh-hoino, 

'iil«,  liie  l.irly  01  Sir  r.  r«  llowri,  a  daU. 


Dec.  6.  At  the  (irammar  Sc.  Bronugrove,  the 

wife   of  the   Rev.  G.  A,  Jacob,  a  dau. 7.  At 

Ilammenmith,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  E.  Wickham, 

a  son. 8.  At  Hatfield,  tlie  wife  of  the  Rev,  B, 

Peile,   a  dan. il.    At   Wanth   Rectory,   the 

wife  of  the  Rev.  H.  P.  Hamilton,  a  dao. ^The 

wife  of  Col.  Delamain,  a  dau. li.  In  White- 
hall-place, Lady  Culling  Smith,  adaa.— AtTow- 
cester,  Lady  Jane  Ram,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

Sept.  S3.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-sq.  by  the 
Rev.  Robt.  Lowndes,  Edw.  William,  Sth  son  of 
W.  Selby  Lowndes,  esq.  of  Whaddon-hall,  Berks, 
to  Mary-Elizabeth,  Sd  dan.  of  the  late  Col. 
Hartmao. 

Nov.  6.  At  Woolwich,  H.  TyMT,  esq.  M.D.  of 
Stamford-hill,  to  Charlotte-Mary,  widow  of  the 
late   T.  Bnnltbee  Parkyns,   esq.    of  Ruddiagton, 

CO.  Noitingham.^ 8.  At  Paris,  Robert  Alphoase 

de  Strada,  Equerry  to  the  King  of  the  French, 
and  only  son  of  the  Marquis  de  Strada,  to  Char- 
lotte-Georgiana,   dau.   of  the    late  C.  Chapman, 

esq.    E.LC. 10.    At    Lewisham.   Kent,  John 

Martin,  esq.  of  the  Admiralty,  to  Henrietta, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  late  H.  RoUeston,  esq.— ii. 
At  Brighton,  J.  II.  Bayford.  esq.  of  Doctors' 
Commons,  to  Rose,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
Capt   Bright,  and  grand-dau.  of  the  late  Lieut.- 

Gen.  Bright,  of  Clifton, 13.  At  Loueliton,  the 

Rev.  C.  W.  Wilkinson,  of  Bardtcy,  Yorkshire, 
to  Louisa-Ann,  fonrth  dau.  of  Brire  Pearsr,  esq. 
of  Munkham,  Essex 15.  At  St.  George's,  Ha- 
nover-sq. Wm.Arcb.  Campbell,  of  Wilton-p). 
.Middlesex,  esq.  to  Miss  Chiirlotte  Wentworth, 
Ijidy  of  the  Manor  of  Midgley,  Halifax,  and 
third  dau.  of  the  late  Godfrey  Wentwortli  Went- 
worth, esq.  of  Wilton  Crescent. 1».  At  Hal- 
ton,  the  Hon.  A.  Lascelles,  fifth  son  of  the  Earl 
of  Harewood,  to  Caroline  Frances,  fourth  dau. 
of  Sir  Rich.  Brooke,  of  Norton  Priory,  co  Ches- 
ter, Bt. U.  At  St.  George's,  Hanover-square, 

Hon,  Georgians  Beretford.  eldest  dau.  of  Vise. 
Decies,  to  Lord  Ernest  Bruce,  youngest  son  of 

the  Marquis  of  Aylesbury. 4S.  F.  B.  Loosada, 

esq.  to  Marianne,  dau.  Sir  C.  Woljelcy,  Bart, 
of  WolMJeypark,  Staffbrdshir*. At  Tweed- 
mouth,  Major  Ovuna,  E.I.C.  to  Jessey,  third  dau. 

of   J.    Robertson,  esq. 90.    At    Kingswood, 

near  Bristol,  the  Rev.  John  Gaskin,  to    Anne 

Smith,  only  child  of  H.  Hill  Budgett.esq. 97. 

The  Rev.  II.  Hutton,  giandson  of  the  late  Dr. 
Hutton,  to  Ann  Kachael,  youngest  dau.of  theRcv, 

n.Cautlry,  Hector  of  Moulsoe, co.  Warwick. 

At  Rrdale,  Jonathan  Alderson,  esq.  son  of  the 
Rev.  J.  Aldrr<on,  rectnrof  Ilarthill,  to  Isabella 
dan.  uf  the  late   Rev.  W.  Newsam,    rector  of 

Scruton,   Yorkshire. ii.    At   Boreliam,  J.  T. 

SchonibiMC,  esq.  to  Eiiz.-Maiy  Hav,  dau.  of  the  ' 
Rev.  W.  C.  Ray. 

Lately.— At  Bristol,  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Shaltock, 
to  .Mary-Anne,  second  dau.  of  the  late  Capt. 
Gardner. 

Dec.  1.  At  St.  George'*,  Hanover->q.  M^jor 
Dyce,  of  the  Madras  .4rmy,  to  Jane  Eli<.  only 
dau.  of  Lifut.-Colonel  Maclarhlan.— ti.  At 
Ij'-bon,  by  pri>\y.  Donna  Maiia,  Queen  of  Portu- 
gal, to  the  Duk'-of  l.uchtcnherg,  son  of  Heauhar- 

nois,     late    Viceroy    of   Italy. s.    At    Bath, 

the    Hev.    Alfied   Daniel,  to    Elisa-Anne,    oldest 

d-u.  of   the   late,  C.    W.  Crutwetl,  esq. At 

Malpa*,  the  Rev.  J,  Macaulay,  vicar  of  Ixipping- 

ton,   Shinpshi.e,    to    MiSS    rarer. ».    At   St. 

Maitin's,  London,  Mr.  Ilrnry  Hunt,  to  C-ithc- 
rrne   Maria  Aon    Vince,  dan.  of  the   late    Major 

Vince.  of  Clifl   Hall,    Wilis. At   PreMbury, 

Wm,  Cha.  Townsenil,  e>q.  liarrister-at-LAW.  and 
Rerordor  of  Maccle-litlil,  to  Fanny,  dan.  ol'  H. 
Wood,  e«q.  of  Westhrook,  and  niece  to  tin    late 

Uisht  Hon.  Sir  Chris.  Kobins'^n. At  .''t.  John's, 

Thanft,  Li-u:.  Wm.  Koj\f,   K.N.   to   Fanny, se- 

con'l  dau.   of  K<;..r-A<lm.  Sir  Thos.  Harvey. 

At  St.  Mary's,  Devon,  S..s.  Scrivcn,  esq.  of  Wey- 
mouth, to  Caroline,  ih  i>l  d.m.r.f  I'le  R»-  "  'l 
Liocaster,  W  -intord  Itcitoi-  .  H  ■•  •• 


86 


[Jan. 


OBITUARY. 


His  Royal  Highnebs 
TiiR  Di'KK  OF  Gloucestbb,  K.G. 
\ov.  :)0.  At  Bflgsbot  Park,  in  his 
SStth  year.  His  Royal  Highness  Prince 
William- Frederick  of  BninHwiek>Lunen- 
huTg,  second  Duke  of  Gloucester  and 
Edinburgh,  and  Earlof  Connaught  (1764), 
K.G.,  G.C.B.,  G.C.H.,  a  Field  Mar- 
shal, Colonel  or  the  3d  Foot  Gnaids 
Governor  of  Portsmouth,  Ranger  of 
Bagsfaot  Park  and  Walk,  Chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Cambridge,  Lord  High 
Steward  of  Gloucester,  a  Privy  Coun- 
cillor, LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.8tc.  8m5. 

His  Royal  Highness  was  bom  at  the 
Tbeodole  palace  in  the  citjr  of  Rome, 
Jan.  15,  1776;  the  third  child,  and  only 
son.  of  William-Heniy  Duke  of  'Glou- 
cester, third  son  of  Frederick  Prince  of 
Wales,  by  Maria,  daughter  of  the  Hon. 
Sir  Edward  Walpde,  K.B.  and  widow 
of  James  Earl  ot  Wald^rave. 

His   tutor    was    the    Rev.    Edward 
Walsby,  D.D.  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi 
college,  Cambridge;  and hecompleted  his 
education  at  that   university  under  the 
care  of  Dr.  Beadon,  afterwards  Bishop 
of   Bath  and   Wells.     On  quitting  the 
college,  he  entered  the  army.     His  first 
commission  was  that  of  Obtain  in  the 
first  Foot  Guards,  with  the  rank  of  Co- 
lonel, dated  lltb  March  1789.  In  Much 
1794^  his  Royal  Highness  went  to  Fland> 
ers  to  join  his  company  in  the  1st  batta- 
lion, and  on  the  16th  April  was  appointed 
to  the  command  of  a  brigade^  connsting 
of  the  I4th,  37th,  and  53d  r^ments. 
On  the  17th  be  was  employed  in  the  co- 
lumn under  Sir  W.  Erskin%  who  ordered 
his  Royal  Highness  to  attack  the  village 
of  Vremont,  in  which  he  succeeded,  and 
received  the  General's  thanks  in  the  field. 
His   Roval   Hig:hness  was  immediately 
afterwards  appointed    to  the  command 
of  the  115th  regiment  (3d  May,  1794)b 
and    had  a  letter  of  service  as   Colo- 
nel on  the  Staff,  and  to  do  the  duty  of 
General  Officer  in  the  army,  in  which  ca- 
pacity he  served  the  whole  of  the  ram- 
}>aign.     On    Feb.    16;  I79i5^  his   Royil 
Highness  received  the  rank  of  Major- 
General ;  and  Nov.  8,  same  year,  he  was 
appointed  Colonel  of  the  6th  regiment  of 
foot.     While  Major-  General,  he  was  ap- 
pointed (1799)  to  the  command  of  a  bri» 
gade  comprising  two  battalions  of  the 
ath  and  two  of  the  35th,  forming  a  part 
of  the  Duke  of  York's  army.     On  the 
19th  this  brigade  was  attached  to  the  co- 
lumn commanded  by  Lieut.- Gen.  Dun- 
das.     In  the  course  of  the  morning  the 
whole  of  it  was,  by  degrees,  detachM,  ex- 


cepting the  Ist  batt  35th,  with  which,  only 
600  strong,  his  Royal  Highness  was  called 
on  to  support  the   Russians.     Findinj^^ 
that  Lieut.- €^n.  Hermann  was  made  pri- 
soner, and  Lieut.- Gen.  Gerefaxoff  killed, 
and    that  the    command    had  devolved 
upon  himself,  the  Duke  determined  to 
attack  the  village  of  Sdiorel.  from  which 
he  found  Major- General  Manners's  bri- 
gade was  retreating,  dosely  pursued  by 
the  enemy  in  great  foree.    Prince  Wil- 
liam, covering  the  Major- General's  re- 
treat, ordered  him  to  form  in  his  rear, 
and  with  this  reinforcement  bis  Rojral 
Highness  advanced  to  the  attack,  earned 
the  village  and  the  wood  skirting  it,  «id, 
pursuing  the  enemy  up  the  sand-hills, 
drove  him  back  upon  Ba|^.    Ifis  Royal 
Highness,  on  the  4ch  of  October,  made 
a  rapid  advance  to  Schetmoliom,  Daen- 
dais  ha\-ing  retired  to  Viemerut  with  the 
main  Dutch  army,  8,000  strong,  abandon- 
ing three  guns,  which  were  consequently 
tacen  by  his  Royal  Higfaness'ft  brigade. 
On  the  6th  October  the  Duke  received 
ordera  to  retreat ;  and,  falliiig  back,  took 
up  his  former  position,  in  wnich  he  was 
attacked  by  General  Daendals,  with  a 
foree  of  6,000  men.     General  Domon- 
eeau,  supporting  General  Bonbomme,  was 
repulsed  try  six  companies  of  the  SStb, 
nnder  Colonel  Massey,  directed  hf  Ida 
Royal  Highness.    At  this  moment  Daen- 
dals, with  5,000  men,  advanced  upon  the 
left  towards  a  small  work  whidi  had  been 
cut  across  to  the  depth  of  nine  £eet ;  hia 
Royal  Highness  had  scareelj  600  men  to 
oppose  to  this  corps,  and,  beuy  ordered  to 
retire,  effected  his  retreat  <rithout  the  loss 
of  a  sin^e  man,  carrying  off  bis  guns, 
bagnge,  Sic.     On  the  ISth  Nor.  1790, 
hisRoyal  Highness  received  the  rank  of 
Lieutenant- G«neral;    April   25,    18081 
that  of  General ;  May  86. 1809;  appointed 
to  the  Colonelcy  of  the  Sdgaards,  now 
the  Scots  fusiliers;  and  F&d-Manhal 
1816. 

In  1805,  on  the  death  of  his  lather. 
Prince  William  succeeded  to  the  title, 
and  on  the  motion  of  Lord  Henry  Petty 
(the  present  Lord  Lansdowne),  who  was 
then  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer,  his 
allowance  was  increased  to  14,0001. 
a-year;  and,  greatly  to  his  credit  his 
Royal  Highness  has  always  kept  within 
the  bounds  of  his  income.  In  politics^ 
until  within  these  few  vears,  the  Duke 
generallv  voted  with  the  Whigs;  and 
while  the  Bill  of  Pains  aud  Penalties 
against  Queen  Caroline  was  pending,  he 
uniformly  acted  in  her  Majesty's  fiivour. 
His  Royal  Highness  was  elected  Chan- 


1835.]         Obitvahy.—HH.H.  ike  Duke  of  Giovcester,  K.G. 


87 


cellor  of  the  University  of  Cambridge 
'  on  the  death  of  the  bite  Duke  of  Graf- 
ton. The  election  took  place  on  the  2Gth 
of  March  1811,  when  the  votes  given 
were,  for  the  Duke  of  Gloucester  476, 
for  the  Duke  of  Kntland  3o6.  He  was 
inotalled  on  the  S9th  of  June  following. 

His  Ro^l  Highness  ATOs  also  a  Trustee 
of  the  Bntisb  Museum,  being  the  Trus- 
tec  nominated  by  the  Crown. 

The  marriHge  of  the  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester with  the  I'rincess  Mary,  the  fourth 
duighter  of  King  George  the  Third, 
took  place  at  the  Queen's-palace,  Buck- 
inghamhouse,  on  the  23d  of  July  1816.  It 
is  probably  not  now  generally  known  that 
their  attachment  had  been  of  a  much  ear- 
lier date.  The  Duke  is  said  to  have  sti- 
pulated that  it  should  by  no  means  be 
expected  to  influence  his  political  conduct. 
On  his  marringe,  the  title  of  Royal  High- 
ness was  conferred  upon  him  by  special 
warrant  of  his  brother  the  Prince  Re- 
gent. 

The  Duke  of  Gloucester  was  a  munifi- 
cent patron  of  many  of  the  public  charities, 
which  happily  abound  in  this  vast  metro- 
polis. To  the  African  Institution  and 
St.  Patrick's  Charity  he  was  particuhirl^ 
attentive ;  of  the  former  he  was  Presi- 
dent At  Bagshot  the  benevolence  he 
e\inced  on  every  occasion  which  presented 
itself  for  the  relief  of  the  poor,  the  sys- 
tem atid  regularity  kept  up  in  his  esteblish- 
nicnt,  and  the  punctuality  with  which  the 
engagements  of  the  household  were  ful- 
filled, are  themes  of  the  warmest  praise. 

The  following  just  tribute  to  the  me- 
mory of  his  Royal  Highness,  forms  part 
of  an  Address  of  condolence  to  his  be- 
reaved Duchess,  from  the  town  of  Chel- 
tenham— "  As  the  poor  man's  friend— as 
the  lil)er»l  patron  and  supporter  of  all 
charitable  Institutions  which  have  for 
their  object  the  temjMjral  or  eternal  wel- 
fare of  our  fellow  creatures--a8  an  ex- 
ample in  the  observance  of  his  religious 
dutii'S.  and  in  hisi  undcviating  attachment 
to  tlwt  Religion,  which,  under  God,  was 
the  means  of  placing  his  illustrious  House 
on  the  Throne  of  these  Realms — the 
memory  of  His  Royal  Highness  will 
long  be  cherished." 

The  official  letter  of  the  Duke  of 
Wellington,  intimating  the  death  of  his 
Ro>-al  Hij,'hntss  to  the  Lord  Mayor, 
states  that  it  eii>ucd  after  a  painful  illness 
of  a  fortnight's  duration,  "  which  he  bore 
with  the  greatest  fortitude,  resignation,  and 
piety."  The  Duchess  paid  the  most  un- 
wearied attention  to  him  during  his  ill- 
ness, ajid  was  assisted  by  his  sister,  the 
Princess  Sophia  Matilda.  So  certain 
was  his  Royal  I  Holiness  that  his  disor- 
der would, prove  tulul,  thut  a  few  days 


prior  to  his  demise  he  made  all  family  ar- 
rangementb ;  and  his  last  request  was  that 
the  Duchess  should  place  a  valued  ring 
upon  his  finger,  and  he  should  be  interred 
in  the  clothes  in  which  be  died,  and  be 
placed  in  an  elm  coffin. 

The  funeral  of  his  Royal  Highness 
took  place  on  the  11th  Dec.  and  was  con- 
ducted in  a  private  manner.  The  re- 
mains were  removed  from  Bagshot-park  to 
Cumberland-lodge,  escorted  by  a  detach, 
meut  of  the  King's  Own  light  dragoons. 
On  its  arri\'al  at  Cumberland-lodge,  the 
Body  was  received  by  a  guard  of  honour, 
removed  from  the  hearse,  and  lay  in  state 
from  twelve  till  four  o'clock.  At  half 
past  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  re- 
mains of  his  Royal  Highness  were  re- 
moved from  Cumberland-lodge  to  St. 
George's  Chapel  at  Windsor,  in  the  fol- 
lowing order : — 

A  detachment  of  the  King's  Own 
light  dragoons,  three  abreast,  bearing 
flambeaux. 

The  Band  of  the  Scots  fusilier  guards, 
playing  the  Dead  March  in  Saul,  between 
the  flourish  of  trumpets,  drums,  fic. 

Trumpets  and  drums  of  the  Royal 
Household. 

Serjeant  Trumpeter. 

Footmen  and  Grooms  of  the  Royal 
FamUy,  in  state  liveries,  mth  crape  hat- 
bunds  and  black  gloves,  bearing  flam- 
beaux. 

Footmen  and  Grooms  of  his  hite 
Royal  Highness,  in  deep  mourning,  bear- 
ing flambeaux. 

A  mourning   coach,    drawn  by  four 

srses,  conveying 
Royal  Highness. 


horses,  conveying  four  pages  of  bis  late 


r-n   by   i 

of  bis '. 


The  carriage  of  his  late  Royal  High- 
ness, drawn  by  six  horses,  conveying  his 
coronet,  his  Field- MHrshal's  baton,  and 
sword,  attended  bjr  the  Comptroller  and 
the  Treasurer  of  his  Hou.sehold. 

THE    IIEARSK, 

drawn  by  eight  horses,  decorated  with 
escutcheons. 

Three  mourning  coaches,  each  drawn 
by  six  horj.es,  conveying  the  Grooms  of 
the  BedrhamhiT,  Equerries,  Chaplains, 
and  Medical  Attendants  of  his  late 
Royal  Highness. 

The  carriiigts  of  the  Roy-al  Family, 
each  drawn  by  six  horses. 

The  whole  of  the  procession  was  flank, 
ed  by  the  l.st  regiment  of  Life  (Jimrds,  on 
dutjrat  Windsor,  every  third  man  Waring 
a  flaml)eau.  Upon  arrival  at  Windsor 
castle,  the  cavalry  filed  ofl^,  and  the  pro- 
cession was  then  flanked  liy  the  Foot 
Guards,  every  man  bearing  a  flambeau 
from  the  (iuard-rooni  to  the  (iruard  of 
Honour  at  the  cntraiKHr  to  St.  George's 
(Jhapel,  where  the  drum&  and  trumpets  of 


S8  Obituary.— //./?.//.  the  Duke  of  Gloucester,  K.G.  [Jan. 

Lr.-Ocri.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  George  Mar- 
ray,  G.C.B.,  Lieut.- Gen.  tbc  Hon.  Sir 
W.  Lumley,  G.C.B.,  Gen.  Sir  Hilgrove 
Turner,  G.C.H.,  General  the  Hon.  Sir 
Edw.  Pnget,  G.C.B. 

Garter  Princinal  King  of  Anns,  by 
bis  Deputy,  Sir  William  Woods  (  Clairen- 
ceux),  bearing  the  Sceptre  of  Garter. 

Tlie  Chief  Mourner,  his  Royal  High- 
ness the  Duke  of  Sussex,  in  a  long  black 
cloak,  with  the  Star  of  the  Order  of  the 
Garter  embroidered  thereon;  his  train 
borne  by  three  Gentlemen  of  his  Royal 
Highness's  Household.  Supporters,  Cot. 
Horace  Seymoiu-,  and  Capt.  Sir  Georae- 
Francis  Seymour,  R.N.  G.C.H.  Fbl- 
lowed  by  Field-Marshal  His  Grace  tiae 
Duke  of  Wellington,  K.G.;  the  Mar- 
quess of  Salisbury ;  the  Earl  of  Euston ; 
the  Earl  of  Chesterfield ;  the  Earl  of 
Coventry;  the  Earl  of  Jersey;  the 
Earl  of  Rosslyn,  G.  C.B. ;  the  Eatl  of 
Verulam;  Capt.  Lord  Adolpbus  Fltz- 
Clarence,  R.N.  G.C.H.;  Gen.  Lord 
Hill,  G.  C.  B. ;  Lord  Maryborough, 
G.C.H. ;  Captain  the  Hon.  W.  Walde- 
grave,  R.N. ;  Sir  B.  C.  Stephenaon, 
G.C.H.;  Sir  F.  B.  Watson,  K.C.H.; 
Sir  James  Scarlett,  Knt. ;  Benj.  Cumey, 
esq.;  Gen.  White;  Col.  Keate;  Culliiw 
Smith,  esq. ;  Lt.-Col.  Fead;  Capt.  VeaA, 
R.N.;  Robert  Keate,  esq. ;  Dr.  Davis; 
John  Fearse,  esq.;  and  others,  who  bad 
signified  an  anxious  desire  to  attend. 

Upon  arrival  within  the  choir,  the 
Body  was  placed  upon  tressels  (the  feet 
towards  the  altar),  and  the  coronet,  ba- 
ton, sword,  and  cushions  laid  thereon. 
The  Chief  Mourner  sat  on  a  chair  at  the 
head  of  the  Corpse,  and  the  Supporters 
on  each  side;  the  Lord  Chamberlain 
of  His  Majesty's  Household  took  his 
place  at  the  feet  of  the  corpse ;  and  the 
supporters  of  the  Pall  and  Canopy  were 
arranged  on  each  side  of  the  Body. 
Whilst  the  service  proceeded,  the  attend- 
ants uncovered  a  part  of  the  floor  near 
the  entrance  of  the  choir,  on  the  east  side ; 
and,  some  heavy  planks  being  removed, 
the  vault  in  which  the  Duke's  remains 
were  to  be  deposited  was  revoiled.  It  is  a 
small  receptacle,  built  about  thirty  years 
ago ;  and  contains  the  bodies  of  the  late 
Duke's  father  and  mother.  It  was  his 
Royal  Highness's  express  wish  that  he 
should  be  buried  here  between  his  parents, 
and  also  that,  when  the  only  two  survi- 
ving members  of  his  family  should,  by 
the  will  of  Heaven,  follow  him,  it  should 
be  for  ever  closed  up. 

The  style  of  his  late  Royal  Highness 
having  been  proclaimed  by  Deputy  Gar- 
ter, the  ceremony  concluded. 

On  the  day  of  the  funeral,  the  mem. 
bers  of   the    University  of    Cambridge 


the  Uoyal  Household,  and  the  footmen 
and  proems  of  the  Royal  Family,  filed 
off  without  the  door.  At  the  entrance 
to  St.  George's  Chapel,  the  Dean  and 
Canons  of  Windsor,  attended  by  the 
Clioir,  received  the  Body ;  and  the  Pro- 
cession, having  previously  been  formed, 
and  being  fiuiiked  by  the  P^oot  Guards 
(every  man  bearing  a  flambeau),  moved 
down  the  south  aisle,  and  up  the  nave, 
into  the  clioir,  in  the  following  order : 

Scrvajjts  of  his  late  Royal  Highness 
and  those  of  the  Chief  Mourner. 

Pnges  of  her  Royal  Highness  the  Priii- 
cess  Sophia- Matilda  of  Gloucester. 

Pages  of  her  Rojral  Highness  the 
Duchess  of  Gloucester. 

Pages  of  his  late  Royal  Highness,  viz. 
Mr.  ^Vlfred  Nash,  Mr.  William  Spar- 
row, Mr.  John  Robeits,  Mr.  Bernard 
Beckham,  Mr.  John  Moss,  and  Mr. 
Alexiinder  Davie. 

Surgeon  and  Physicians — Rob.  Heynes, 
cs(|.,  Dr.  William  Fergusson,  and  Sir 
Henry  Halford,  Bart.,  G.GH. 

Cha)>lains — Rev.  Evan  Nepean.  Rev. 
Iliomas  Waite,  Rev.  Thomas  Snell,  and 
V^ery  Rev.  the  Dean  of  Tuam. 

Equerries — Capt.  Percy  R.  Douglas, 
and  (.''a])tain  Cbanes  Boyd. 

(Jrooms  of  the  Bedchamber — Major 
William  F.  Foster,  K.H.,  Major- Gen. 
Sir  Howard  Douglas,  Bart.,  and  Lt.-Col. 
Sir  Archibald  Murray,  Bart. 

The  Choir  of  Windsor. 

The  (.Canons  of  Windsor. 

The  Dean  of  Windsor. 

Windsor  Herald,  Francis  Martin,  esq., 
jicting  for  Norroy  King  of  Arms. 

The  Lord  Chamberlain  of  His  Ma- 
jesty's Household,  the  Duke  of  Devon- 
shire, K.G. 

The  baton  of  his  late  Royal  Highness 
as  Field- Marshal,  and  his  sword,  bonie 
iipon  a  black-velvet  cushion  by  Col.  Sir 
Samuel  G.,  Higgins,  K.C.H.,  Equerry 
and  Treasurer  of  his  Household. 

The  coronet,  borne  upon  a  cushion  by 
Lt.-Col.  Sir  Edmund  Currey,  K.C.H. 
Secretary  and  Comptroller  of  bis  House- 
hold. 

Richmond  Herald,  Joseph  Hawker, 
Esq  acting  for  Clarenceux  Kngof  Arms. 

THE    BODY, 

r()vercd  with  a  black  velvet  pall,  adorned 
with  escutcheons  of  the  Arms  of  his  late 
Royal  Highness,  carried  by  ten  men  of 
the  Scots  fusilier  guards,  under  a  canopy 
of  bJHck  velvet. 

The  sui)portcrs  of  the  pall  and  canopy 
were  AInjor-Gen.  John  Clithcrow,  Ma- 
jor-Gen. Sir  II.  W.  Rooke,  K.C.H., 
Major- (jcii.  Francis  lli-pburn,  Major- 
Gen. Sir  A.  F.  Jiurnard,  K.C.B,  G.C.H. 
11 


Obituary. — Earl  Spencer,  K.G, 


89 


went  in  procession  to  St.  Mary's  church, 
when  H  sermon  was  nreacbL-d  by  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Turton,  H«!giu«  Professor  of  Divinity. 
His  lejcl  WTW  from  John  ix.  .j.  4. : — •'  I 
must  work  the  work  gf  Him  that  sent 
lue.  while  it  is  diiy :  the  night  comctb, 
when  no  man  can  work."  In  the  course  of 
his  sermon,  ufter  piisi^iitg  u  high  and  weU- 
mcrited  eulogiiini  on  tlte  churacter  of  the 
h»te  Karl  of  Ilurdwicke,  ili^h  Steward 
of  the  University,  he  dwelt  at  great 
length  and  eloquence  on  the  excellent 
traits  of  character  evinced  in  the  public 
and  private  conduct  of  the  lute  Chan- 
cellor. The  truth  of  the  iuUowinR 
circumstance  may  be  replied  n^ion:  — 
Uonng  an  oecii>ionul  interMii<^Mon  of 
the  [lains  of  disea-io,  one  of  hie;  attend- 
ants said  to  him,  "Vou  are  better;  you 
need  nut  desjMur."  To  which  the  Duke 
trplied,  *'  I  $>ball  die;  but  I  do  nut 
despair."  After  the  sermon,  the  nritheni 
''  Behold,  I  tell  yon  a  mystery,"  wa*  per- 
formed bv  the  choir. 

The  \vi!l  of  hh  Koyal  Iligbnesa  haB 
been  opeiied,  and  it  appears  he  died 
worth  upwards  of  IKJ.OOO/.  He  hiui  left  le- 
nder to  moKt  of  hi»  household,  l/ol.  Sir 
Edmund  (jurrey,  the  Duke's  Secretary 
nnd  ComptroUer,  has  20,U(.IU/.  bequeathed 
to  him;  and  Col.  S.  Hi>:Kins,  K.il.,  the 
}irincipul  Equerry,  jJ.tKM)/. :  each  of  his 
Aide*-de- Camp  has  3,1X30/. 

E.vfiL  Spkncf.u,   K.G. 

Xm.  lU,  At  Althorp  Park,  Nortb> 
amptunstnre,  wj^d  10,  the  Right  Huil 
(fcorge- John  SfKncer,  weond  Karl  Speii- 
ci»r  and  Viscount  .\lthiifj>,  co.  North- 
ampton (J7tiJ),  VisronMt  and  Raron 
Spencer  of  Alihorji  (l/iJI);  K.  CI.;  u 
Pnvy  Cuuncillor,a  Tru^ue  of  the  Urilijth 
Mitseuiii,  a  Governor  of  the  Charter- 
huuMc,  an  Elder  Rrother  of  the  Trinity- 
bwise,  iliKh  Steward  of  St.  AilMn'«, 
D.C.L..  r.R.S.,  K.S.A.,  a  Director  of 
the  Rritish  InMitiicion,  &(-.  &c. 

Till**  (jreiU  and  excellent  man  was  bom 
at  Wimbledon  on  tlie  Jst  of  September, 
I76S,  the  only  !)on  of  John  fitsi  Eurl 
Spencer  by  Geor^iaiia,  eldest  daughter  of 
Stephen  roynl2,  of  JNIidgham  in  Rerk- 
ahire,  esq.  The  early  part  of  bis  educa- 
tion \ius  truste<l  to  a  jinvtitc  tutor;  after 
which  he  was  sent  to  Harrow,  with  a 
suite  Hnd uttendance  of  »uclit<tiite,Bs  cyeii 
at  that  time  to  be  considered  an  intrusion 
U|H>n  the  unifonniiy  of  *chool  discipline. 
Rut  though  his  futlior  might  deem  a  car- 
riage otily  a  fitting  appendage  lor  the  ele- 
vnled  rank  of  his  son,  such  parade  at  cer- 
tainly inude  no  injurious  impression  on 
the  mind  of  the  latter,  who  grew  up  in  nn- 
afTerfed  simplicity  and  "inglentss  of  chu- 
nctcr.  At  Harrow,  la-  enjoyed  the  ad- 
Okst.  Mac.  Yoi^  HI. 


vantage  of  having,  for  a  short  time,  the 
illiLKtriuus  Sir  William  Junes  fur  his 
tutor;  on  whose  leaving  the  school,  he 
waa  committed  to  the  charge  of  Dr. 
Heuth,  the  bead  master,  in  whose  bou&e 
he  resided.  Hi»  Lordship  proceeded  in 
due  time  to  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
where  his  college  tutor  wa.^  the  late  Rev. 
Charles  Norria,  Prebendiiry  of  Canter- 
bury (see  Gent.  Wag.  for  Dec.  ISliS, 
p.  552).  He  wa-s  created  M.A.  by  that 
University  irx  1778.  The  degree  of 
D.C.L.  wttK  conferred  on  him  at  Oxford, 
JmIvS,  J793. 

After  having  made  u  tour  on  the  Con- 
tinent, Lord  Althorp  entered  upon  his 
political  life  in  178U,  wbeu  be  was  elected 
to  Parliament  fur  the  town  of  Northanip- 
tun.  ( .'unnectcd,  by  birth  and  tumily  lies, 
with  the  greatest  Whig  families  in  Eng- 
land, one  of  his  sisters  having,  in  I77i, 
been  married  to  the  Duke  of  1  >evonBliire, 
and  the  other  in  1780  to  the  Earl  of 
Resslturough,  Lard  Althorp  naturally  set 
out  on  his  political  course  upon  Whig 
principles,  and  attached  himself  to  that 
party  in  the  House,  which  was  strenu- 
ously opposed  to  the  administration  of 
Lord  North.  Their  etforts  proving  sue 
ccssful,  Lord  Althorji  was,  on  the  over- 
throw of  the  ministry  in  17^'<2,  appointed 
a  (.^omuiisiiioner  of  the  new  Treasury 
biiard.  In  April  of  the  same  j'oar,  on  the 
elevation  of  the  Hon.  Augu«tus  Keppelto 
the  peenige  (by  the  title  of  Viscount  Kep- 
pel)  he  was  elected  Kniglit  of  the  Shire 
for  Surrey ;  and  on  the  death  of  his  father, 
Oct.  31,  in  the  year  following,  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Earldom,  and  also  to  the 
office  of  High  Steward  of  St.  Alban's. 

In  reviewing  Lord  Spencer's  parlia- 
mentary life,  we  do  not  find  that  he  spoke 
frequently  or  long,  either  in  the  Com- 
mons' or  iti  the  Peers'  house;  but  he 
took  his  part  in  the  husineis  of  the  day, 
luid  from  his  talents  and  connections  poa- 
sesscd  a  considerable  inttnence  in  the  po- 
litical world.  On  the  issuing  of  the 
Kuig*!)  proehimution  in  the  critical  year 
n^i.  he  honestly  dissevered  himself 
from  the  reckless  pursuers  of  revolution- 
ary change,  and  determined  to  support  the 
King's  government  under  the  tutelary 
arm  of  Pitt,  in  union  with  Rurke  and 
Windhum,  though  in  opposition  to  his 
former  associates,  Fox,  Sheridan,  and 
Erskinc. 

In  I7!)l  Lord  Spencer  was  sent  on  a 
special  emb«»ey  to  toe  Court  of  Vienna; 
and  during  his  absence,  on  the  19th  of 
July,  was  appointed  Lord  Privy  Seal ; 
which  olfice  lie  rcjogned,  in  the  following 
DeceUjIxT,  fur  that  of  First  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty,  where  he  sufceeded  the 
Premiers  brother.  Earl  Challwui.  His 
N 


I 
I 


90 


Obitcary. — Earl  Spencer,  K,G. 


[Jan. 


administration   was   a  prond  period    in 
the    navnl    annals   of    England.       The 
business  of    the  office    bud    previously 
fallen  into  neglect;  but  order,  actix-ity, 
punctuality,  and  enthusiasm  immediately 
ensued.     J^ord   Spencer  was  at  his  desk 
erery  morning  at  nine  o'clock ;  and  not  a 
letter  of  the  meanest  individual  remained 
unanswered.     A    formidable    fleet    was 
hovering  on  the  opposite  shore,  watching 
for  an  opportunity  of   advantageous  ag- 
gression.    The  public  mind  was  labour- 
ing under  some  feelings  of  anxiety,  for 
"no  trial  of  our  naval  strength  bad  been 
made  since  the  peace  of  1783.  At  length 
their  suspense  was  removed  by  the  glo- 
rious Ist  of  June,  and  the  names  of  Howe 
and  Spencer  became  for  a  time  almost 
synonymous  words.     A  vacant  ribbon  of 
the  Garter  was  offered  to  the  First  Lord 
of  the   Admiralty;  who  nobly  declined 
it  in  favour  of  the  conqueror,  with  a  dis- 
interestedness worthy  of  the  best  days  of 
chivalry. 

Before  two  years  were  passed,  how- 
ever. Earl  Spencer  was  himself  enrolled 
in  that  Most  Noble  order,  being  elected  a 
Knight  on  the  1st  of  March  1799. 

Howe's  nctory  was  succeeded  by  those 
of  St.  Vincent,  Camperdown,  and  the 
Nile,  which  gave  to  the  British  flog  a  lus* 
trc  it  bad  never  before  acquired.  In 
directing  the  pursuit  of  the  French  fleet 
by  a  detachment  from  the  large  force  of 
Lord  St.  Vincent,  the  First  Lord  of  the 
Admiralty  wrote  expressly,  pointing  out 
the  propriety  of  "  selecting  Sir  Horatio 
Nelson  "  for  that  important  enterprise. 
Again,  with  respect  to  Duncan,  it  was  the 
part  of  Lord  Spencer  to  ascertain  the 
merits  of  that  veteran  but  hitherto  unap- 
preciated captain  ;  and  he  was  brought 
from  his  retirement  in  the  shire  of  Angus, 
almost  expressly  to  take  the  command  of 
a  fleet,  sent,  for  the  first  time  since  the 
days  of  Rupert  and  Van  Tromp,  to  try 
its  strength  with  the  Dutch.  In  De 
Winter  was  found  an  antagonist  worthy 
of  the  British  commander;  and  they 
who  remember  both  those  heroes  sitting 
afterwards  at  the  same  table,  under  the 
roof  of  the  Admiralty,  will  never  forget 
the  quiet  bearing  which  distinguished 
them,  nor  the  affable  and  gentlemanly 
deportment  of  fiim  by  whom  they  were  re- 
ceived and  entertained. 

It  was  during  Lord  Spencer's  headship 
at  tlie  Admiralty  that  the  mutiny  at  the 
Xorf  broke  out.  The  moment  was  ex- 
<]uisitcly  and  painfully  critical ;  and  the 
destinies  of  the  nation,  as  far  as  its  naval 
power  was  eoncerned.  might  be  said  to 
hang  upon  a  thread.  Lord  Spencer  never 
for  an  instant  allowed  his  heart  to  sink; 
but    tiiere   verc    hciirts   among  his  col- 


leagues which  palpitated  with  no  ordinary 
emotions.  There  was  a  vast  magazine 
of  gunpowder  at  Sheemess;  and  Parker, 
the  leader  of  the  mutiny,  threatened  to 
fire  red-hot  shot  upon' it.  But,  as  Lord 
Spencer  perfectly  well  knew,  an  explosion 
would  have  infallibly  shivered  eveiy  crew 
and  ship  in  the  mutiny  to  atoms.  Con- 
tenting himself,  therefore,  with  allowing 
an  old  and  experienced  mariner  to  take 
advantage  of  a  calm  night  in  removing 
all  the  huoys  within  the  immediate  vici- 
nity oi  the  rebel-fleet — so  that  it  would 
have  been  impracticable  for  it  to  have 
made  any  progress  to  join  the  enemy — 
those  deluded  and  desperate  men  made  no 
further  attempt  to  act  offensively,  but, 
without  a  single  shot  fired,  surrendered 
themselves  to  the  mercy  and  generosity 
of  the  Government. 

On  the  peace  of  Amiens,  Lord  Spen- 
cer retired  with  his  party  from  office ;  and 
in  the  debate  in  the  House  of  Lords,  re  • 
specting  the  Peace,  he  delivered  aspeech  in 
disapprobation  of  it.     He  returned  again 
to  public  duty,  as   Secretary  of  State  for 
the  Home   Department,    together   with 
Lord   Grenvilleand  Mr.  Fox,  in  1806. 
The  death  of  the  latter  illustrious  States- 
man, which  soon  followed,  dissolved  the 
administration ;  and  from  that  period  till 
the  da^  of  bis  death,  the  noble  Earl, 
maintaining  and  insuring,  both  by  voice 
and  by  vote,  all  those  distinguished  prin- 
ciples of  toleration  and  liberality  w^hich 
brought  and  have  secured  the  House  of 
Brunswick  upon    the  throne  of    these 
realms,  kept "  the  calm  and  even  tenor  of 
his  way," — the  object  equally  of  respect 
and  admiration  to  his  friends,  his  neigh- 
bours,   and   the   public.    But,  although 
Lord   Spencer   had  removed  from   the 
arena  of  Parliament,  he  had  on  no  ac- 
count  allowed  bis  sense  of  public  duty 
to  merg|e  in  that  of  a  merely  quiet,  inac- 
tive, private  gentleman.     He  became  as 
useful  to  the  county  of  Nortbunpton  as 
he  had  been  in  the  service  of  the  country 
at  large.     He  was  Chairman,  thirty  years, 
of  the   Quarter  Sessions — always  eiotct, 
punctual,  able,  and  eminently  successful 
in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  im- 
portant situation.     Of  the  Northampt<m. 
ihire  Yeomanry  be  was  for  many  years  the 
Colonel  ;  and  vraa  seen  to  order  the  evo- 
lutions, and  charge  at  the  head,  of  his 
regiment,  with  all  the  promptitude  and 
dexterity  of  a  military  veteran.     Chiefly 
by  hit  instrumentality,  the  Infirmary  of 
Northampton   (which  challenges  compa- 
rison   with    any    similar    establishment 
throughout  the  kingdom)  was  built,  dis- 
ciplined,  and   brought   to   a    flourishing 
issue.     He  was  i)ei-}ietual  Visitor  of  it, 
and  always  took  tlie  chair  at  public  meet* 


JS550 


Obituary. — Eari  Spencett  K.G. 


Mf^     Thi*  same  may  Le  said  of  the  Dis- 

ict  Committees  of  the  Societies  for  Pro- 

Christian  Knowledge,  and  for  the 

jtion    of    the     Gospel.       Having 

Very  anxious  for  the  establishment 

\cf  A  Suiimgt'  liitnh  ai  Nortbumptoii,  nnd 

■  !■  • !"d  in  thiit object,  he  witi^in. 

in  histpersoiuil  atn-ndance 
the  rutJt.  But  bis  solici- 
Itudo  fui  tiie  county  of  Northnnipton  (of 
'  vrhirh  he  iniiy  be  considered  thk  Father) 
<>t  here.  It  \ras  one  of  the  last 
rruly  useful  life,  to  promote  ihe 
'i  A  Luoutic  Asylum;  and  even 
civ  as  the  24th  of  July  last,  ulthougli 
of  betwf  in  lour  and  five  years 
tb,  HgjBorarated  by  the  infirmities 
id  ttcvere  domestic  afflictions. 
Spelled  him  to  withdraw  as  much 
B!^ible  from  ai'live  life,  he  took  the 
"iiity  Hall  to  a.<i>ist  in  the 
I  a  Deaf  and  Dumb  Jnsti- 
i«to»,  and  was  heard,  as  far 
bis  tiieu  enteebled  voice  could  be  beard, 
I  to  plead  with  all  his  wonted  clearness  of 
ITtaffontng,  precision  of  language,  Hnd 
]%k«nntb  of  feeling,  the  cause  of  the  help- 
llesa  and  afflicted-  Nor  in  ixindon  was  he 
I  Itm  backMiird  in  gidng  his  personal  ;ia- 
jtrottage  tu  the  similar  cNtablisfaments  of 
rrlutrit^bic  benevolence. 

Mrknwbile,  the  Royal  Inatitution  in 
Albemarle- street — of  which  the  lute  Earl 
I  ©f  Winchebea  had  been  the  previous 
lent — fixed  upon  his  Lordsiiip  to 
»d  to  that  office — one  of  pure  honour, 
icd  litetHTy  and  scientific  distijic- 
Spencer  obeyed  the  voice  of 
pe  deputed  to  tender  the  situ- 
•nd  entered  upon  tbe  duties  of 
See  tWtb  alacrity  and  the  most  com- 
success.  There  bad  been  a  good 
4ea.l  of  confusion  and  misunderstanding 
in  the  complicated  affaire  of  the  lustitu- 
:  tiun :  Imt  bis  babius  of  business,  and 
prrception  of  eontlicting  interests, 
restored  harmony  and  com|iaratiTe 
trity.  His  portrait  now  adorns  the 
at  the  request  and  expense  of  the 
Corontittee. 

It   fthttuld   also  be  noticed  that    Eurl 
Spencer  was  for  more   than  forty  yeura  a 
Tru«ie«  of  tbe  British   Mu!<evini,  having 
I  been  elected  to  that  honoumble  office  in 
,J7n3:  though  there  i«  one  record  of  his 
isJration    therein    »bicb   certininly 
not  redound  to  his  credit, — that,  in 
ttfoc  of  his  brother  Trustees,  he  re- 
tted the  offer  of  Mr.  Gough's  valuable 
^eliacrion.  alter^vards  given  to  the  liod- 
merely  because,  in  the  narrow  con- 
ui  Montague  House,  there  wns  not 
lo   »lore  a  box   of  copper  plate»  1 
bik  letter  in  Nichols's  Literary  Illiui- 
Tol.  V   p.  .573). 


This  leads  us  to  speak  of  the  Earl 
the  collector  of  the  finest   private  liljra 
in  Europe.     The  history  is  developed  by 
Dr.  Dibdm,  in  tbe  highly  ornamented  pages 
of  the  .'Edit  .MlliorpioHfe. ;  and  some  of  its 
most  important  contents  are  described  in 
the  Jiitiii'tluca  '^penccriaiia  (yet  ati  imper- 
fect work).    His  Lordship  placed  his  early 
printed  books  (including  all  tbe  EdUioncM 
Primiriir)     together    with     the    works 
printed  by  the  .^Idhic  Family,  in  bis  Lon- 
don  residence:     tbe    great    bulk  of    his 
library  bdng  deposited  at  Althorp — bia 
ancestral  residence — in  a  suite  of  rooms, 
on  the  ground  floor,    very  little  short  of 
two  hundred  and  fifty  iect  in  length.     It 
is  iuipo.xsible  to  cuntemplute  stn  h  a  IJ. 
brary — the  aehievctnent  of  one  indi\i(iiiul 
-^withuut  emotions  of  the  deepest  admira- 
tion.    It  is  not    that  the  books  are,  Tini- 
forinly,  in  as  beuutilnl  ruiidiLian  without, 
Hs  they  are  intrinsically  utiractive  v^ithin  ; 
but  that,  in  their  acijuisition,  the    noble 
owner  never  once  descended  lo  any  mean 
or  unwortby  act.     It  was,  from    begin- 
ning to  end — and  for  a  penod  little  short 
of    forty   years — one  un^-urinl    course   of 
liberal  feeling,   and  of  downright  hearty 
enjoyment  in  the obiects before  !iini.  And 
bow  is  our  pleasure  heigtitened  on  a  pre- 
teut  view  ol    this   xnatchless    colI»^ction, 
when  we  learn  that  the  whole  will  now  be 
preserved  at  Althorp.     Esto  PEKPirruA  ! 

On  tbe  e^tubli.siinieitt  of  tbe  Iloxbiirgh 
Club  in  iHl2,  Eurl  Spencer  becatne  it* 
Prejjident,  and  be  presented  to  the  mein- 
bcTs  in  ISKi  a  lejHint  of  C'huri:  hyurd's 
Translation  of  Ovid  de  Tristibns,  arid  in 
1 1^5  another  oF  La  KoUade  Scocesi. 

We  now  eome  to  a  contemjilut.ion  of 
the  more  beautiful  or  moral  points  of  the 
picture  before  us  :  and  these  arc  replete 
with  objects  tliut  induce  ibc  most  heart- 
felt delight.  It  not  only  pleased  a  gra- 
cious rrovidence  that  the  deceased 
should  come  early  into  the  possession  of 
bis  title  and  great  property  ;  but  that,  in 
his  capacity  ot  husband,  father,  nuister  of 
a  family,  and  of  a  large  roll  uf  tenants, 
he  should  have  been  in  comparatively 
long  and  prosjicrous  enjoyment.  An 
anecdote,  connected  with  this  lenantiy, 
deserves  to  be  recorded.  Some  liltecn 
years  ago,  ail  bis  tenants,  unknown  to 
their  noble  landlord,  eubscribed  for  » 
large  and  beautiful  silver  vase — of  wlijcb 
tbe  late  classical  Theid  was  the  designer 
— to  present  to  hitn.  On  a  given  day 
they  were  all  assembled  at  Althorp  to 
carry  this  object  into  effect,  and  were 
alterwards  f(>led  with  a  sumptuous  enter- 
tainment in  the  picture  gJiliery,  which  is 
I'iO  feet  in  length.  Tiik:  OAY  defied 
description.  Among  the  tenants  was 
iMw    wbu  bad  enjoyed  bis  property,   us 


D2 


Obituary. — Earl  Spencer,  K.G. 


[Jan. 


tenant  at  will,  through  a  line  of  ancestry 
up  to  Henry  the  £ighth — in  the  time  of 
Sir  John  Spencer,  the  founder  of  the 
family.  The  Countess  Spencer  died  in 
1831,  after  a  union  of  half  a  century:  a 
union,  of  which  the  length  was  the  koH 
remarkable — from  the  uninterrupted  flow 
of  the  most  perfect  concord,  and  undimi- 
nished attachment  and  devotion  on  both 
sides.  As  in  life,  so  in  death,  this  happy 
and  exemplary  couple  were  undivided.  It 
followed  that,  gifted  with  high  and  spark- 
ling powers  of  conversation — based  on  an 
extniordinary  range  of  miscellaneous  read- 
ing, especially  in  the  history  and  biogra- 
phy of  England  and  France — the  late 
Countess  Spencer,  at  the  head  of  her 
hospitable  table,  was  the  delight  of  her 
guests,  and  the  mistress  of  an  establish, 
ment  which  seemed  at  once  to  command 
the  admiration  and  provoke  the  rivalry  of 
many  an  unsuccessful  competitor. 

At  this  table  in  former  times  sat  John- 
son, Surke,  Fox,  Gibbon,  Reynolds,  Gar- 
rick,  Rejiiell,  Jones,  and  Windham,  and 
of  later  years  w^e  could  exhibit  a  long  cata- 
logue of  talent  and  high  moral  worth — in 
)thiIosophy,  literature,  and  the  fine  arts — 
but  we  would  not  wantonly  incur  the 
odium  of  inentable  omissions. 

In  his  stature,  Earl  Spencer  was  tall, 
and  athletic  if  not  robust.  His  demea- 
nour was  particularly  his  own — calm, 
gentle,  dignified,  but  not  unbending. 
Rank  is  adventitious;  but  with  Earl 
Spencer  gentility  as  well  as  title  seemed 
to  be  hereditary.  No  coarse  language 
was  ever  endured,  none  in  fact  was  ever 
introduced,  at  his  table.  His  attention  as 
well  to  the  comfort  of  the  humblest 
guest,  as  to  the  topic  of  general  discus- 
sion, was  at  all  times  remarkable — and 
those  who  remember  the  joyous,  and  yet 
thoroughly  intellectual  and  instructive, 
days  and  nights  of  Althorp,  before  death 
bad  invaded  its  symposia,  will  attest  the 
truth  of  this  remark.  What  freedom  of 
speech,  of  action,  of  pleasurable  enjoy- 
ment !  What  "  Attic  nights  " — what  days 
of  diversified  and  gratifying  pursuits ! 
The  echoing  horn — the  gun's  report — 
wit))out :  an  almost  interminable  vista  of 
books — a  gallery  of  historical  pictures 
scur(;ely  to  be  surpassed — billiards,  music, 
drawing — within.  Few  men  pursued  his 
pleasures,  or  amusements,  with  a  keener 
relish  than  the  Isitc  Earl.  When  at  Har- 
row, he  won  the  tUx>cr  nrroxv  in  the 
year  1771.  In  early  life,  he  was  among 
the  most  brilliant  tkaitcrs  upon  the 
Serpentine ;  generally  eliciting  the  at- 
tention of  a  crowd  of  adniireis.  Hunt- 
hiff  was  also  eagerly  pursued  by  him ; 
and,  in  later  life,  with  undiminislic-d  gra- 
tiliratiori  and  untiring  r-cal,  s'icoihig  and 


taUlng.  His  constitution  was  naturaUy 
strong,  and  unimpaired  by  the  slightest 
infusion  of  intemperance. 

Such  is  the  man — such  the  nobleman — 
who  has  been  "  gathered  to  his  fathers." 
It  is  by  suck  examples  that  the  Aristocracy 
of  this  country  can,  in  every  buffeting 
and  tempestuous  extremity,  hcst  maintain 
its  character  and  its  influence. 

Earl  Spencer  married,  on  the  6th  of 
March,  I78I,  the  Hon.  Lavinia  Bing- 
ham, eldest  daughter  of  Charles  Lord 
(afterwards  Earl  of  j  Lucan,  and  sister  to 
the  present  Earl.  Her  ladyship  died  on 
the  8th  of  June  1831,  having  had  issue 
five  sons  and  three  daughters:  1.  the 
Right  Hon.  John- Charles  now  Earl 
Spencer,  late  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer and  M.P.  for  Northamptonshire: 
he  married  in  ]8]4>  Esther  only  daughter 
and  heiress  of  Richard  Acklom,  esq. 
and  niece  to  the  late  Earl  of  Bandon ; 
she  died  in  1818,  leaving  no  issue;  2.  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Sarah  l^dyLytt  el  ton,  married 
in  1813  to  the  present  Lord  Lyttelton, 
and  has  five  children;  3.  the  Hon. 
Richard,  who  died  an  infSuit;  4.  the 
Hon.  Sir  Robert  Cavendish  Spencer, 
K.CH.  Capt.  RN.  who  died  Nov.  4^ 
1830,  and  of  whom  a  memoir  will  be 
found  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol. 
CI.  pt.  i.  p.  82;  5.  Lady  Harriet,  who  died 
in  in&ncy;  6.  Lady  Geoi^giana  Char- 
lotte, married  in  1814  to  Lord  George 
Quin,  brother  to  the  present  Marquis  of 
Headfort,  and  died  in  1823,  leaving  three 
children ;  7.the  Hon.  Frederick  Spencer, 
Cupt.  R.  N.  and  C.B.  now  M.  P.  for  Mid. 
hurst,  and  previously  for  Worcestershire ; 
be  married  in  1830,  bis  second  cousin  Eli- 
zabeth-Georgiana,  second  daughter  of 
William  Stephen  Poyntz,  esq.  M.P.  for 
Ashburton,  and  sister  to  the  Marchioness 
of  Exeter,  and  the  dowager  Lady  Clin- 
ton; and  8.  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  George 
Spencer,  late  Rector  of  Brington  in 
Northamptonshire,  but  now  in  holy  orders 
of  the  church  of  Rome. 

The  funeral  of  Earl   Spencer    took 

Elace  at  Brington*  on  the  19th  of  Novem- 
er.  In  compliance  with  the  directions 
left  by  the  deceased,  it  was  a  walking 
one,  and  was  remarkable  only  for  the  im- 
mense concourse  of  persons  assembled  to 
witness  it.  Among  the  principal  mourn- 
ers were  the  present  Earl  and  his  two 
brothers,  his  brother  in-law  Lord  Lyt- 
telton, the  Hon.  Mr.  Jjyttelton,  Lord  G. 
Quin,  and  Hon.  Mr.  S.  Lyttelton,     The 

*  Two  beautiful  plates  in  Mr.  Baker's 
History  of  Northamptonshire,  contributed 
to  the  work  by  Earl  Spencer,  present 
views  of  the  fine  monuments  of  the  family 
in  liringum  church. 


1835.]         Obituary.— Sir  Gilbert  Diane,  Bart.  M.D.  F.R.S. 

proceeded  at  an  extremely  elow 

pace;  and  die  lengthened  and  melancholy 
train,  as  it  wound  along  the  avenues  of 
the  nublc  park,  had  a  very  imposing  ap- 
pearance. It  reached  the  rhurchyard 
•boat  one  o'clock,  vhere  it  was  joined 
liy  the  Honourable  Mrn,  Fred.  Spencer, 
Lady  Lytteltoii,  ilie  Honourable  Miss 
Lyttc-lton,  and  AlisM  Qiiin. 

The  porimits  of  Lord  Spencer  ore  of 
course  numerous ;  the  following  arc  some 
of  the  most  important:  — 

I.  At  the  age  of  17,  in  a  fancy  dress, 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  P.R.A.,  en- 
?ed  by  T.  H.  Rohinsaii  in  the  Sup- 
lent  CO  liibliotheca  Spenceriaiia  i' pub- 
lished as  the  second  volume  of  the  JBdes 
Altborpians). 

8.  In  the  robes  of  the  Garter,  by  Cop- 
ier, R.A.  engraved  by  B.  Holl,  in 
fuhrr's  Nttfjonnl  Portrait  Gallery. 

3.  By  Sir  M.  A.  Shce,  R.A.  exhi- 
faitMl  at  the  Royal  Academy  in  I84>k 

•I.  Reading,  by  Hnppner,  R.A.  en- 
grated  in  C^dell's  Contemporary  Portraits. 

5.  In  his  libmry  chair,  by  Phillips 
R..^.,  engraved  by  W.  Finden  in  the 
Rr*t  volume  of  the  .iEde^  Althorpianae. 


Sir  Gh-bebt  Blank.  Bart.  M.D. 

Jvne  27.  In  Sucki-ille-street,  in  his 
Rith  yew,  Sir  Gilbert  Blane,  of  Blune- 
field,  CO.  Ayr,  and  (^u1verland»,  co. 
Ucrtn,  Bart.  M.D.  Pby<<ici:inin  ordinary 
to  the  King,  Fellow  of  the  College  of 
Physician*  uud  of  the  Royal  Societies  of 
Loudon  and  Kdinburgh,  Alember  of  the 
Imperial  Society  ot  ScienceB  at  St. 
Pi'tcr»burK,  \c.  \c. 

Sir  Gilbeit  Blane  was  the  fourth  son 
of  H  fiimitv  of  opulent  Sootjsh  merchants, 
one  of  whom,  Thoniu.H.  \vu»  some  time 
•ctOed  in  London,  and  Wiliiain,  junior 
to  Sir  GiltTcrt,  ]>nrc1iased  the  estate  of 
Wiiiklield  Park,  licrk**. 

iijr  Gtlbert  v»"as  born  at  Blancfield, 
«i.  Ayr,  Aug.  i'J  fO.S.)  17  W.  He 
(vnnmenced  life  as  a  Navy  surgeon,  and 
in»pre»«nt  at  the  en.ipigetnent  between 
tbe  English  and  French  fleets  in  the 
Wrtt  |ndie«,  on  the  l:^th  of  April  178-^, 
of  whi\!h  he  wrote  an  acroutit — we  be- 
lieve bis  first  published  work.  He  shortly 
•Acr  published  a  valuable  work  entitled 
'*  Obtcrvations  on  the  diseases  incKleric 
to  Seamen."  He  ro«^e  gradually  in  his 
profrMion.  until  he  attjiined  the  rank  of 
Pbysicum  to  the  Fleet,  and  was  honoured 
wHn  tbe  actjuaintunce  and  friendship  of 
bta  present  .Majesty.  In  1788  he  was 
(circled  tu  deliver  the  Crooninn  Lecture, 
OQ  mir«ciilnr  motion,  before  the  Royul 
So'  li  lecture  wax  published  in 

IT'  I  find  in  ihcir  '1  ronsattioiis, 

.11 ount  by  him  ol  the  Naidus 

•M,  or  tpikcnard ;  in  which  p^ipcr  he 


Bttempled  to  collect  what  wns  known  by 
the  ancirMits  respecting  this  odoriferous 
herb.  His  ideas  respecting  medical  edu- 
cation, and  certiiin  topics  coiiiterted  with 
it,  he  giive  to  the  world  in  181S>,  under 
the  title  of  "  Medical  Logic,"  and  the 
work  has  nni  through  more  than  edition. 
In  lb2'd  he  published  "  Select  Disserta- 
tions on  severiil  subjects  of  Medical 
Science,"  most  of  which,  we  believe,  had 
before  appeared  as  separate  papers  in 
some  of  the  medteal  periodicals.  I"'or 
sometime  he  bad  retired  from  public  life, 
when  we  find  him  once  more  coming 
forward  in  18'JI,  and  addressing  his 
"  Warning  to  the  Biicirjh  Public  agitinst 
the  alarming  approach  of  the  Indiun  Cho- 
lera." These,  with  some  pamphlets  on 
subjects  of  ephemcrul  interest,  and  con- 
trihutions  to  Medical  Periodicals,  con- 
stitute, we  believe,  the  whole  of  his  lite- 
rary labours. 

Sir  Gilbert  Blune  was  for  some  time 
Physician  to  St.  Thomas's  Hospital ; 
and  having  been  ap|>oin[ed  Burcessivcty 
Physician  to  ihe  HousebolH,  and  one  of 
the  Physicians  in  ordinary  to  his  lute 
MajesU',  wascrcrttcd  a  Buronet  by  patent 
dated  Dec.  26,  l8t:;i. 

In  Nov.  11^29,  with  the  sanction  of  the 
Lords  of  the  Admiralty,  ht-  founded  a 
prize  medal  for  the  best  jouniol  kept  by 
tbe  surgeons  of  His  Majesty's  imvy. 
The  medal  is  awarded  every  second  year, 
the  Commissioners  selecting  foiir  jour- 
nals,— Sir  Gilbert  during  his  life,  and 
thenceforth  the  President  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Phys'cians,  and  the  President  of 
the  College  of  Surgeons,  deciding  which 
of  sueh  four  is  best  entitled  to  this  bono- 
rarj'  distinciion.  This  judicious  insti- 
tution is  cuk-nhitcd  to  excite  considerable 
emiibnion  in  the  medical  departments  of 
the  Navy;  and  by  bringing  the  journaU 
from  time  to  time  before  the  nutire  of 
tbe  BoEini,  ensure  to  the  most  deserving 
the  promotion  which  in  this  most  im- 
portant braiicb  of  tbe  public  service,  is, 
or  ought  to  be,  only  given  to  merit. 

He  married  Jidy  11,  I7S(>,  Elizabeth, 
only  daughter  of  Abraham  Gardner, 
merchant  (by  Mary  Newman,  who  mar- 
ricd  secondly  William  Gaskartli,  esq.  bro- 
ther to  Julia  Countess  of  Suffolk),  and 
by  that  lady,  who  died  on  the  JHh  of 
July  IS^i,  be  had  six  sons  and  three 
daughters.  His  eldest  son  tiilhert- 
Gardner  Blane,  esq.  died  in  February 
18.3J,  aged  i6.  His  second  son,  Lieut. 
George  Rodney  Blane,  of  the  Bengal  en- 
gineers, died  oil  tbe  I8t!i  of  May  1821. 
His  successor  in  tbe  title,  the  present  Sir 
Hugh  Srymonr  Blane,  served  with  dis- 
tinctioii  at  IVatcrloo,  an  an  oHiccr  of  the 
■'id  KUikids.  Hu  is  married,  aitdha;-  isMie. 
Sir  ( Jilbcrt  has  left  one  other  son,  Charles- 


I 


I 

I 
I 


I 


94 


Obituary.— Co/.  Sir  M.  M'Creagh,  CB. 


[Jan. 


Collins.  His  daughter  Louisa  was  acci- 
dentally drowned  in  a  piece  of  water  on 
lier  uncle's  estate  at  Winkfield  Park, 
Aug.  24-.  1813,  aged  19.  The  others 
died  in  infancy. 

Col.  Sir  M.  M'Creagh. 

^Hff.  31.  At  Leeds,  aged 48,  Colonel 
Sir  Michael  M'CreaRh,  C.B.,  K.C.T.S. 
Inspecting  Field  OflBccr  of  the  Northern 
Recrumng  District. 

Thi^isrtnguisbed  officer  entered  the 
army  in  1802,  when  in  his  16th  year,  as 
an  Ensign  in  the  39th  foot,  with  which  he 
served  in  several  of  the  West  India 
islands.  In  1803  he  purchased  a  Lieu- 
tency  in  the  same  corps,  and  having  re- 
turned with  it  to  England,  be  exchanged 
into  the  37th,  and  returned  to  service  in 
the  same  clime.  In  1904  he  purchased  a 
company  in  the  7th  West  India  regiment, 
which  he  commanded  at  New  Providence, 
and  the  fine  discipline  which  he  esta- 
blished, gave  early  promise  of  his  future 
military  fame. 

In  1807  he  was  appointed  to  the 
Royals,  the  regiment  commanded  by  his 
Royal  HighneKS  the  Duke  of  Kent,  who 
distinguished  Capt.  M'Creagh  with  par- 
ticular regard  ;  and  shortly  after,  he  was 
one  of  the  officers  selected  to  discipline 
the  Portuguese  army.  Ilanng  been  pro- 
moted to  the  brevet  rank  of  Major,  he 
proceeded  to  join  Lord  Beresford  at 
Abrantes,  and  was  appointed  Lieut- Co- 
lonel of  the  7th  Portuguese  infantry. 
His  active  and  energetic  exertions  soon 
brought  that  corps  to  equal  in  discipline 
the  best  of  the  British  army,  and  its  con- 
duct at  Busaco,  and  in  the  retreat  to  the 
lines  of  Lisbon,  was  such  as  reflected 
the  highest  credit  on  its  commander.  He 
was  then  directed  to  take  under  hischaige 
the  5th  battalion  of  Ca9adores. 

At  the  battles  of  Santarem,  Badajos, 
Albuera,  Alfuentes,  Salamanca,  Burgos, 
Vittoria,  Toulouse,  St.  Sebastian,  Ni- 
velle,  the  Nive,  and  other  actions  of  the 
Peninsular  war,  he  commanded  r^ments 
as  Colonel,  and  received  on  most  of  those 
occasions  the  thanks  in  orders,  of  the 
Commander-in-chief  of  the  army.  At 
St.  Sebastian  he  particularly  distin- 
guished himself  in  leading  on  to  the 
breach  in  u  most  gallant  style  the  covering 
parties  and  3d  Portuguese  regiment: 
surmounting  the  enemy's  defences,  car- 
rying three  barricades,  and  leading  the 
column  into  the  town,  to  the  foot  of  the 
citadel.  After  the  battle  of  the  Nive,  he 
was  sent  to  England  to  recruit  his 
health ;  and  afterwards  rejoining  the  army 
at  Bordeaux,  was  appointed  a  JBrigadier- 
(iencral  in  the  Portuguese  service,  and 
shortly  after   Major- General,  and   took 


the  command  of  the  Tras.  Monies  divi- 
sion. For  his  services  in  the  Peninsular 
War  be  received  a  medal  with  three 
clasps ;  was  on  the  20th  of  May,  1816, 
permitted  to  accept  the  order  of  the 
Tower  and  Sword,  and  on  the  28th  of  Dec. 
1821,  the  higher  rank  of  Commander  in 
the  same  order. 

In  1811  he  obtained  his  Lieutenant- 
Colonelcy  in  the  British  army ;  and  on 
the  breaking  out  of  the  revolution  in  Por- 
tugal at  the  end  of  the  war.  Sir  Michael 
resigned  his  command  in  that  country  and 
returned  to  England,  after  an  absence  of 
upwards  of  five  years,  passed  in  scenes 
of  incessant  warfare  and  great  personal 
danger,  and  on  ser\ice8  which  required 
not  only  consummate  military  skill,  but 
also  great  general  ability. 

In  1823  he  was  appointed  to  the  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonelcy of  the  13tfa  foot,  which, 
with  the  permis.<iion  of  the  Duke  of 
York,  be  made  a  light  infantry  regiment, 
and  in  command  of  which  he  embarked, 
the  same  year,  for  India.  He  had  not 
been  long  in  that  country  before  the  Bur- 
mese war  broke  out ;  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  Brigadier-  General,  and  ordered 
to  take  the  command  of  the  1st,  or  Ben- 
gal, division  of  the  army.  He  obtained 
for  his  services  in  this  new  field  of  duty, 
the  thanks  of  both  Houses  of  Parlia- 
ment ;  but  the  efifects  of  a  coup-de-soleil 
so  fatally  affected  his  constitution,  that  he 
was  obliged  to  relinquish  his  command 
and  return  to  England. 

In  the  brevet  of  1825  he  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Colonel ;  and  in  1832  was 
appointed  Inspecting  Field  Officer  of 
the  Northern  Recruiting  District,  which 
situation  he  retained  until  the  time  of  his 
death. 

Sir  Michael  M'Creagh  was  universally 
beloved  by  his  fellow-soldiers ;  his  ac- 
quirements were  great  as  well  as  his  ta- 
lents ;  he  was  acquainted  with  almost 
every  European  language,  was  a  good 
classical  scholar,  and  also  a  poet.  He  has 
lef^  a  widow,  and  one  infant  child. 


LiEtrr.-CoL.  F.  K.  Leichton. 

Nov.  19.  At  Shrewsbuipr,  in  bis  63d 
year,  Francis  Knyvett  Leighton,  Esq. 
Mayor  of  Shrewsbury,  and  formerly 
Lieut. -Colonel  in  the  Shrewsbury  Vo- 
lunteers. 

He  was  the  only  son  and  heir  of  the 
late  Rev.  Francis  Leighton,  formerly  of 
Ford  and  Shrewsbury,  by  his  first  wife 
Clare,  sister  and  coheiress  to  John  Boyii- 
ton  Adams,  of  Cumblesforth,  co.  York, 
Esq.  and  was  fourth  in  descent  from  Sir 
Edward  Leighton,  the  first  Baronet,  of 
Wattlcsborough  in  Shropshire. 

He  was  born  at  Reading,  where  his  pa- 


J  835.] 


Obituary.—  Lieut. -Colonel  Le'ighton. 


95 


r«nt«  were  temporarily  residing,  July  55, 
1772,  mid  tbere  ba|)lised.  WTien  of  sufli- 
rient  agf,  be  was  sent  to  Shrewsbury 
school.  Bud  was  afterwards  removed  to 
Ru>;bys4'bout,at  wliich  places,  combined 
with  the  instructions  be  received  from  a  pa- 
rent so  bi^;blv  jjilted  as  was  tbe  luJe  Itev. 
Francis  Lei^^toti,  (see  Ocnt.  Mug.  1813, 
pt.  ii.  p.  31H))  he  acquired  an  extensive 
and  familiar  acquaintance  with  the  Greek 
and  L«riii  classic!*,  to  which  he  at'ter- 
warda  added  some  of  the  modern  lan- 
piMgea.  At  the  Ujife  of  seventeen  he  en- 
t^rt^d  the  Briti.sh  army  as  an  Ensign  In 
the  -kith  regiment,  of  wbicb  his  relative, 
Lieut. -fien.  Sir  Baldwin  Lei^hton,  Bart. 
was  Lieut.' Colonel ;  and  in  the  year 
171*1  arconipanied  it  to  ritbnddir,  and 
thenc«,  at  the  close  of  I79J,  to  the  West 
IndieD,  where  be  served  in  the  inland  of 
"irtiriique,  and  for  u  short  time  after- 
Js  in  that  of  St.  Vijicent,  at  the  com- 
Bnccment  of  the  Charib  war,  having  in 
llie  mettn  time  been  promoted  to  a  Lieu- 
tenimcY. 

In  1796  he  joined  tbe  Cist  regiment, 
then  stationed  in  the  i«<landof  St.  Lucia, 
as  Captain,  and  continued  there  in  active 
Hervice  until  that  i<^hind  was  evnrnated  by 
us ;  when  he  returned  to  England,  and 
was  appointed  Aid-de-t'amp  lo  Sir 
Hew  Dalrympie,  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
Guernsey.  In  this  station  he  reinnined 
for  about  a  year  and  liaif,  when,  htR  regi- 
ment being  ordered  to  the  Ctipe  of  Good 
Hope,  he  was  put  upon  ihe  recruiting 
t€!T>Hco  ;  but  was  soon  afler  appointed 
Aid-dcCampto  Sir  Charles  (irey,  Gene- 
nl  of  the  Eastern  District.  Thisappoiiit> 
mcnt  was  of  short  durution.  owiiiy^to  Sir 
Cbarlcs  Grey's  removal,  on  « liU'h  Lieut.- 
Colonel  (then  Cnptain)  Lei^hcon  plaoeil 
bJm«eU  at  the  .Miliiary  Colk-ge  at  Hi.ch 
Wy<  ombe,  whence  in  IISOO  he  v\aft  directed 
tu  join  tbe  nrmy  under  Sir  Ralph  Aber. 
erombie  in  the  Mediterranean,  as  assist- 
ant'Quarterma-stcr-gencral,  to  serve  in 
ibe  Field  Department  only;  in  whieh 
rapacity,  and  in  that  of  Aid-de-C-amp  lo 
Colonel  Anstrutbcr,  Quarterniaster-geDe- 
ral  to  the  army  in  Ecypt,  he  kervod  du- 
ring tbe  whole  of  the  Egyptiati  cumpaign, 
Mtd  was  present  in  the  three  memorable 
battles  which  took  place  ;  viz.  thelamliii^ 
in  EgypN  March  B:  the  taking  of  A1k>u- 
kir,  March  13;  and  thut  of  Alexrmdriii, 
wlirre  the  immortal  Abercrornhy  re- 
ocived  his  death  wound,  March  2l/l8(JL 
Ac  the  dose  of  the  campaign  he  again 
joined  tbe  61st  regiment,  which  had  sailed 
frvni  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and 
fortrtrd  pRrt  of  the  expedition  under  Sir 
1>  ]  in  tbe  Ked  Sea  and  across 

Ii  .md  continued  serving  with 

h.  «4 iMv  i^iitisb  forces  finally  evacuated 


Egj'pt,  whence  they  proceeded  to  Malm, 
Here  be  received  iolelligence  of  the  dan- 
gerous illness  of  his  mother,  and  of  the 
proeluraatiun  of  peace  consequent  on  the 
sigriature  of  the  treaty  of  Amiens; 
which,  combined  with  some  other  circum- 
stances, ir)dnccd  him  to  retire  from  the 
regular  service  and  return  home.  His 
mother  had  not  the  satisfaction  of  again 
Ixltoldiing  her  only  fuid  dearly  beloved 
child,  having  departed  this  life  previous  to 
his  arrival  in  England;  where  be  was  fl 
early  apprized  that  his  promotion  to  the  H 
Majority  of  his  regiment  (the  Ctst)  must 
have  met  him  on  his  [w.ssuge.  On  Icartr- 
ing  thii!,  no  time  was  lust  in  petitioning 
tbe  Commander-in-Chief  for  permission 
to  withdraw  his  resignation  ;  but  akboiigb 
he  was  so  highly  beloved  in  the  regiment 
that  every  officer  in  it,  even  including  tbe 
next  in  succession  (Capt.  Barlow),  who 
afterwards  had  the  [iromotion,  most  cheer- 
fully signed  the  Memorial  presented  to  _ 
the  Duke  of  York  for  that  purpose,  the  I 
request  was  not  complied  mth.  ^ 

In  a  letter  of  CoL  (afterwards  Major* 
Gen.)  Anstruther  to  Sir  Hew  Dalrympie, 
dated,  Camp  near  Alesaiulria,  2flth  Aug. 
IWJl,  the  following  testimony  mtis  given 
to  Lieut.- t'ol.  Leighton's  character  and 
military  talents  :  "I  bave  employed  him 
more  than  any  other  of  the  young  men 
who  bave  been  sent  out  to  me,  or  whom 
I  selected  from  the  army :  on  no  occasion 
has  he  ever  Iniled  nie  :  he  has  executed  ■ 
every  thing  entrusted  to  him  with  a  de-  H 
gree  of  sagacity,  attention,  and  actiirity,  ■ 
which  cannot  be  too  highly  praised;  and 
be  gives  the  promise  of  becoming  in  his 
time  a  most  valuable  officer  in  the  higher 
ranks  of  the  service.  Add  to  this,  that 
his  actinty  is  without  bustle,  his  spirit 
without  noise,  bis  merit,  in  short,  vvithont 
parade  or  prcsum|ition.  Such  is  my 
friend  Leighton ;  aud  I  ihank  you  mo^t 
sincerely  for  introducing  tne  to  his  ac- 
quaintance." 

After    the    rupture    of  (he    treaty  of 
Amiens,  when    the  British  shores  wero     ■ 
threatened  with  invasion,  Capt.  Leighton    I 
was   Lieut.- Colonel    in    tba  Shrewbbury     " 
Volunteers ;    since  which   he    has    hIso 
served  as  Major  and  as  Lieutenant.  Colo- 
nel  in    the   Reguhir  and  Local    Militia, 
ai)d  Anally  closed  his  military  career  as 
(laptaJrj   iu  the   South  Shropshire  Yeo- 
tnaiuy,  from  which  he  retired  in  IKJO. 

In  n  civil  capacity  he  hud,  in  1811,  the 
superintendence  of  the  conduct  and  cor- 
respondence of  Lncieii  Buonuparte  and 
his  family,  who.  in  December,  I8t0,  had 
arrived  in  this  country;  and  (he  firm  and 
judicious  yet  gentlemanly  manner  in 
which  this  delicate  and  (us  then  consi- 
dered)   important    duly    was    executed, 


i 


96 


both  at  Ludlow  and  Worcester,  gained 
him  the  highest  approbation  of  those 
in  power,  whilst  at  the  same  time 
it  acquired  for  him  the  esteem  and  respect 
of  those  eminent  individuals  who  were 
for  three  years  intrusted  to  his  chaise. 
The  only  other  civil  office  which  he  un- 
dertook was  that  of  Mayor  of  Shrews- 
bury, to  which  he  had  been  recently 
elected.  In  politics,  Ck>L  Leighton  was 
from  principle  a  Tory,  or,  as  now  more 
properly  denominated,  a  Conser^'ative ; 
but,  whilst  firm  and  conscientious  in  the 
maintenance  of  his  own  principles  and 
opinions,  he  most  cheerfully  conceded  to 
those  who  differed  from  him  the  same 
privilege  he  claimed  for  himself.  In  pri- 
vate life  he  stood  conspicuous  as  a  spe- 
cimen of  an  Euglish  gentleman:  and, 
moving  in  the  highest  circles  of  the 
county,  he  was  no  less  esteemed  and  be- 
loved by  his  equals  and  superiors  in  rank, 
than  he  was  admired  aud  respected  by 
all  beneath  him. 

His  death  was  occasioned  by  a  severe 
apoplectic  attack  (to  which  he  had  for  a 
considerable  time  been  predisposed), 
whilst  accompanying  his  voungcr  daughter 
on  horseback.  It  look  place  in  the  street 
of  Shrewsbury,  directly  opposite  the 
house  where  the  renowned  Admind  Bea- 
bow  w^as  born. 

Lieut.- Col.  Leighton  married,  at  Bris- 
tol, July  G,  18(X3,  the  Hon.  Louisa  Ann 
St.  Legcr,  daughter  of  the  fifth  and  aunt 
to  the  present  Viscount  Doneraile,  by 
which  lady  be  has  left  an  only  son  and 
heir,  the  Rev.  Francis  Knyvett  Leighton, 
M.A.  Fellow  of  All  Souls  College,  Ox- 
ford; and  two  daughters,  Louisa  Clwr- 
lotte  Anne,  married  April  23,  1833,  to 
Thomas  Henry  Hojpe,  Esq.  of  Netley, 
and  Miss  Clare  Leighton. 

The  funeral  took  place  at  St.  Chad's 
church,  on  Monday  Nov.  Slth,  and  was 
attended  by  the  members  of  the  Body 
Corporate,  together  with  the  following 
gentlemen  as  pall-bearers : — William  Bay- 
ley,  esq.,  Charies  Lloyd,  esq..  Rev.  H.  C. 
Cotton,  Col.  Wingfield,  Thomas  Eyton, 
esq.,  E.  W.  Smythe  Owen,  esq,  Sir 
Henry  Edwardes,  Bart.,  J.  T.  Hope, 
esq.;  and  as  the  principal  moumera : — 

K'  ^*»^'IV*^.'  ''."'l  •  ^''-  ^'  K.  Leighton, 
Rev.  B.  1< .  Leighton,  Sir  Baldwin  Leigh- 
ton, Bart.,  Rev.  F.  Leighton,  Col. 
Burgh  Lciguton. 

Capt.  E.  Palmer,  C  B. 
Sept.   IJ).     At  Brighton,  aged  52,  Ed- 
mund    Palmer,    esq.   a    Captain  in   the 
Sonl  Navy,  and  C.B. 

m»nl  of  the  I'ost   Office,  the 


Obituary. — Capt.  E.  Palmer,  C-B. 


[Jan. 


projector  of  mail-coaches,  and  brother  to 
Migor. Gen.  Charles  Palmer,  now  ALP. 
for  the  same  city.  He  entered  the  naval 
service  in  1794  as  midshipman  in  the 
Gibraltar  of  80  guns,  commanded  by 
Capt.  Pakenham.  In  1796  he  removed 
to  the  Aigle,  in  which  he  was  wrecked 
on  the  coast  of  Barbary,  in  1798;  and 
he  then  joined  the  Ville  de  Paris,  bear- 
ing the  flag  of  Earl  St.  Vincent. 

in  1800  his  Lordship  appointed  him 
acting  Lieuteiunt  in  the  Princess  Royal 
96;  and  in  the  next  year  he  \vas  con- 
firmed as  Lieutenant  in  the  Picton  frigate, 
which  ^vas  paid  off  in  1802.  In  1803  he 
was  appointed  Lieutenant  in  the  Child- 
ers,  in  which  he  joined  the  Mediterranean 
fleet,  then  commanded  by  Earl  St.  Vin- 
cent, who  gave  him  a  commission  of 
Commander,  and  in  consequence  he  re- 
turned to  England.  In  1805  the  Lords 
of  the  Admiralty  appointed  him  to  the 
Weazle,  in  which  he  returned  to  the  Me- 
diterranean, and  remained  there  until 
1807,  when  he  obtained  Post  rank. 
While  on  that  station  he  enjoyed  the  per- 
sonal friendship  of  Lords  Nelson  and 
CoUingwood,  as  well  as  Earl  St.  Vin- 
cent, and  the  correspondence  with  which 
those  eminent  officers  honoured  his  father, 

E roves  the   esteem  in  which  they  held 
im. 

Nearly  seven  years  of  expectation, 
however,  had  passed  after  his  promoti<Hi 
to  post  rank  bef<H«  he  could  obtain  a 
command.  He  then  sailed  in  the  Hc- 
brus  42,  to  cruise  in  the  British  chairael, 
when,  in  March  1814^  be  had  a  memora- 
ble battle  with  I'Etoile  frigate,  which, 
after  an  arduous  chase  of  120  miles,  and 
a  well-contested  action  of  two  hours  and 
quarter,  fought  under  Cape  la  Hogue,  he 
captured  and  brought  into  Plymouth 
harbour.  This  bnlliant  atchievement, 
which  was  the  last  action  between  frigate 
and  frigate  in  the  war  with  France,  re- 
ceived the  warmest  encomiums  from  Sir 
R.  Bickerton,  Sir  M.  Seymour,  and 
E!arl  St.  Vincent,  the  last  of  whom 
declared  that  it  "  equals,  if  it  does  not 
surpass,  any  of  our  uaval  exploits." 
Capt.  Palmer  received  the  naval  medal 
from  the  Board  of  Admiralty :  and  was 
offered,  but  declined,  the  honour  of 
knighthood. 

In  June,  1813,  Capt.  Pa'mor  received 
on  board  the  Hebrus  the  Baron  Monta- 
lembert.  Secretary  to  the  French  Em- 
bassy in  London,  in  order  to  afford  aid  to 
the  royalists  in  the  South  of  France. 
Having  been  joined  by  the  Pactolus  46, 
Ctipt.  the  Hon.  F.  Aylmer,  they  forced 
the  entrance  of  the  Gironde,  and  in  a 
few  days  after  the  town  of  Bordeaux 
hoisted  the  white  flag,  and  declared  fur 


1835.] 


Obituary.— Cflpf.  G.  W.  Hamilton,  C.  B. 


Xioois  XVIIL  For  this  genrice  Capt. 
Palmier  received  the  thaitksof  the  j^dmi- 
nUry;  «iid  on  the  19th  of  SepL  1815, 
the  ribbon  of  a  Companion  of  the  linth. 

In  tlio  following  year  he  sailed  in  the 
same  ship  in  the  expedition  to  Algiers, 
and  in  the  battle  of  Aug.  II,  she  had  4 
men  killed  and  15  wounded.  On  her  re- 
turn, the  HebniK  was  found  to  be  com- 
pletely rotten ;  she  was  therefore  paid  ofl^ 
and  broken  up,  and  thus  closed  the  naval 
career  of  Capt.  Palmer.  He  waR,  in- 
deed, in  1818,  offered  the  command  of  the 
Melville  30,  but  as  Mic  was  alwut  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  East  Indies,  he  preferred  the 
choice  of  wuitiiiR  fur  employment  nearer 
home :  and  another  offer  made  by  Lord 
Melville  inI83U,he  was  obliged  to  decline ; 
from  ill  health  and  ])rivate  considerationii. 

C^pt.  Palmer  married  Nov.  27,  1817, 
Henrietta,  daughter  of  Capt.  W.  H. 
Jer>i>i,  R.N.  and  grand-niece  to  Earl 
St.  Vincent;  he  has  left  this  lady  a 
widow,  M-ith  eight  children. 

[  This  memoir  has  been  abridged  from 
a  longer  article  published  in  the  United 
SerNioe  Journal  for  November]. 


Capt.  G.  W.  Hamilton,  C.B. 

Auff.  17.  At  Rathcoffey,  co  Kildare, 
the  seat  of  his  aged  father,  aged  50, 
Gawen  William  Hamilton,  esiq.,  C.  B.,  a 
Captain  in  the  Royal  Navy. 

He  u-as  the  eldest  son  of  Archibald 
Hamilton  Rowan,  esq.,  whose  name  is 
a<><soriated  with  the  stormy  period  of 
French  influence  in  Ireland,  and  whose 
death  has  occurred  since  that  of  his  son, 
at  his  bouxe  in  Holies-street,  Dublin,  on 
the  Cth  of  Nov.  last.  We  shall  there- 
fore here  introduce  a  few  particulars  of 
his  history.  He  had  been  committed  to 
Dublin  gaol  fur  two  years  for  a  Ubel ; 
and  in  May  I'/di  was  charged  with  high 
treason  in  carrying  on  a  traitorous  corres- 
pondence with  the  French:  when  he 
made  his  es<-ape  from  prison.  The  Lord 
Lieuteiumt  offered,  by  proclamation,  a 
reward  cf  1000/.  for  his  apprehension; 
but  he  got  safely  to  Brest,  and  thus  was 
supposed  to  have  escaped  the  extreme 
penalty  of  the  law.  He  w&s  a  gentleman 
of  fortune,  and  lived  to  attain  liis  83(1 
year. 

Hit  son  the  late  Cupt.  flamiiton  en- 
tered the  Royal  Nuvy  in  1801,  and  had 
the  advantage  of  serving  the  whole  of 
bis  career,  until  he  was  made  ('om- 
mander,  under  the  late  Sir  B.  11.  Curew. 
He  was  present  at  the  capture  of  St.  Lu- 
cie and  Tobago  in  the  West  Indies,  and 
during  the  operations  of  the  British  army 
in  Egypt,  when  he  received  a  severe 
wound,  which  never  perfectly  healed 
during  the  remainder  of  his  life.     He 

Gent.  Mag.   Vol.  III. 


97 


was  made  Lientcnant  in  1807,  and  Com- 
mander in  1810,  when  he  was  appointed 
to  the  Onyx  sloop  of  war,  and  com- 
mandcd  the  flotilla  at  the  siege  of  Cadiz. 
For  his  zeal  and  activity  in  this  arduous 
service,  he  was  made  Post  in  1811,  and 
appointed  to  the  Termagant,  and  subse- 
quently to  the  Rainbow  28,  which  ships 
he  commanded  on  the  Mediterranean  sta- 
tion until  the  close  of  the  war  in  1814). 
In  both  he  performed  important  services, 
in  aiding  the  Spanish  patriots  and  inter- 
cepting the  supplies  of  the  French,  and 
was  very  actively  engaged  at  the  surrender 
of  Genoa. 

He  was  next  appointed  to  the  Havan- 
nah  42,  and  employed  on  the  coast  of 
America;  and  on  his  return  to  England, 
his  ship  was  ordered  to  form  part  of  the 
escort  of  Napoleon  to  Sr.  Helena,  in 
1815.  He  was  nominated  a  Companion 
of  the  Bath  on  the  King's  birth-day  in 
that  year. 

In  1820  Captain  Hamilton  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  Cambrian  48,  in  which  he 
conveyed  Lord  Strangford  as  Ambassador 
to  Constantinople.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Greek  re\'olntion  he  was 
selected  by  Sir  Graham  Moore  to  com- 
mand the  squadron  stationed  in  the  Ar- 
chipelago, where  be  acquitte<l  himself 
with  zeal,  promptitude,  and  judgment,  to 
the  satisfaction  of  all  parties.  In  1834 
he  was  sent  on  a  mission  to  Tunis,  the 
objects  of  which  he  effected  with  his 
usual  success.  Shortly  after,  the  Cam- 
brian was  ordered  home,  and  paid  off; 
but  in  July  of  the  same  voar  he  recora- 
missioned  heragain  for  the  Mediterranean, 
where  he  performed  various  gallant  ser- 
vices, destroying  a  number  of  piratical  ves- 
sels :  and  he  was  present  at  the  battle  of 
Navarino,  for  which  he  received  the  medal 
of  the  second  class  of  the  order  of  St. 
Anne  of  Russia,  and  was  made  a  mem- 
ber of  the  French  order  of  St.  Louis. 

In  an  attack  on  pome  piratical  vessels, 
on  the  31st  Jan.  1828,  in  company  with 
some  other  ships,  the  Cambrian  was  un- 
fortunately lost,  by  being  run  foul  of  by 
the  Isis,  and  running  on  a  reef  of  rocks ; 
but  on  the  court-martial  the  officers  and 
crew  were  wholly  acquitted  of  blame. 

Soon  after  his  return  to  England,  he 
was  appointed  to  the  Druid,  and  sent  to 
South  America,  where  he  remained  three 
yeurs.  and  his  health,  previously  im- 
))aiied,  suffered  greatly  from  the  climate, 
and  obliged  him  on  his  return  to  decline 
any  further  ser^'ice. 

Capt.  Hamilton  married,  in  1817,  Ka- 
tharine, daughter  of  Lieut.- Gen.  t'oek- 
burn,  of  Shunagaugh,  Ireland.  His  bro- 
ther, Mr.  Frederick  Hamilton  Rowan, 
midshipman  R.N.  was  killed  at  Palamos 
in  1810. 

O 


98  OBiTVAUT.^Capt.  WUlock,  R.N.--W.  R.  Spencer.  Esq.     [Jan. 

Mr.  Spencer,  early  in  life,  found  it  pru- 
dent  to  accept  the  appointment  of  Ooin- 
mifisioner  of  Stamps.  The  office  dis. 
qualified  him  for  sitting  in  Parliament. 
Mr.  Spencer  was  a  poet  of  much  sweet- 
ness. His  poetical  works  were  a  Trans, 
lation  of  Leonora,  from  the  (ierman  of 
Burf^er,  a  folio  volume,  embellished  with 
designs  by  his  aunt.  Lady  Diana  Beau- 
clerk.  1796.     Urania,  or  the  Illumine,  a 


Capt.  F.  G.  Watoci. 

Feb.  18,  18M.  At  Bushire,  Frank 
Gore  Willock.esq.  Capt   R.N. 

This  officer  wa  a  native  of  the  West 
Indies.  He  first  entered  the  service  un- 
der the  auspices  of  Sir  Joseph  Yorke,  and 
was  present  in  the  capacity  of  Midship- 
man in  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  He  suD- 
aequently  served  in  the  Northumberland 
74,  in  the  action  oif  St,  Domingo ;  and  in 
1807  was  appointed  Lieutenant  of  the 
Osprey,  which  was  cast  away  in  Bayo 
Honda,  and  it  being  found  necessary  to 
fire  her,  to  prevent  her  falling  into  the 
enemy's  hands,  he  received  Lord  Mul- 
grave's  approbation  for  his  conduct  on 
that  occasion. 

At  the  reduction  of  Martinique  he 
performed  the  duty  of  First  Ijieutenant 
of  the  Abercrombie;  he  served  subse- 
quently  on  board  the  Dragon,  and  from 
her  was  appointed  to  command  the  Wan- 
derer. In  1811,  in  command  of  the 
Spider,  lie  for  some  time  protected  the 
tnide  of  Tortola  and  the  adjacent  islands, 
for  his  "  very  judicious  and  ufficcr-like 
conduct"  in  which  service  he  received 
the  '*'  fullest  approbation  "  of  Rear- Adm. 
Sir  F.  Laforey. 

In  1814  he  removed  into  the  Fox,  in 
which  he  served  during  the  American 
war,  and  xfta  promoted  to  Post  rank  Nov. 
25,  1815.  After  this  he  was  not  em- 
ployed again  afloat;  though  he  actually 
offered  to  fit  out  a  ship  at  his  own  ex- 
pense, if  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admi- 
ralty would  honour  him  hy  nomination  to 
a  command.  Impatient  of  repose,  he  gave 
exercise  to  the  activity  of  his  mind  in 
travel.  Russia,  the  Caucasus,  Georgia, 
Persia,  parts  of  Arabia,  and  the  wide 
territories  of  British  India,  were  all 
visited  by  him;  and  he  was  about  to  re- 
turn to  his  native  county,  when  he  took 
his  fatul  fever  at  the  cove  of  Muscat, 
where  the  Arab  vessel  touched  in  which 
he  was  sailing  from  Bombay  to  Bushire. 

Capt.  Willock  was  characterised  by 
the  genuine  virtues  of  on  ocean  son, — 
frank,  enthusiastic,  brave,  and  humane ; 
those  noble  and  generous  qualities,  accom> 
panied  by  occasional  eccentricities,  gave  a 
warmth  and  colouring  to  the  most  trifling 
actions  of  hi:,  life. 


W.  R.  Spencer,  Esq. 

Oct.  23  At  Paris,  aged  65,  William 
Robert  Spencer,  esq.,  cousin-german  to 
the  Duke  of  Alarlborough. 

This  ucconiplislied  gentleman  wis  the 
second  hon  of  the  lute  Lord  Charles 
SpeiiciT,  by  the  Hon,  Mary  Beiuiclerk, 
diiiif,'hter  ot  Lord  V'ere,  and  sister  to 
Aubrey  fifth  Duke  of  St,  Albaii's, 

The  younger  son  of  a  younger  son, 


comedy;  the  Prologue  by  Lord  John 
Townshend.  1802.  The  Year  of  Sorrow. 
1804.  4to.  A  volume  of  Poems.  1811. 
Mr.  Spencer  was  one  of  the  most  highly 
gifted  and  accomplished  men  of  the  age 
in  which  he  lived,  though  a  love  of  con- 
templation rather  than  of  action,  a  natu- 
ral, a  constitutional  indolence,  govertied 
him  with  irresistible  sway,  and  forbade 
those  exertions  which  might  have  ranked 
him  among  the  great  poets  of  his  day,  or 
have  placed  him  in  a  situation  where  his 
extensive  knowledge  and  numerous  at- 
tainments would  have  rendered  him  use- 
ful to  his  country,  either  in  a  diplomatic 
or  legislative  rapacity.  As  a  diploma- 
tist, his  qualifications  were  of  a  very  su- 
perior kind.  To  an  intimate  acquaint- 
ance with  the  politics  of  the  different 
courts  of  Europe,  he  added,  what  in. 
deed  enabled  him  to  acquire  this  inform- 
ation,  a  thorough  mastery  of  the  French, 
Italian,  and  German  languages,  which  he 
spoke  with  a  fluency  and  grace  that  ex- 
cited  the  admiration  of  all  the  well-edu- 
cated and  enlightened  foreigners  with 
whom  he  was  in  constant  intercourse. 

Like  some  to  whom  nature  has  been 
liberal  in  bestowing  genius,  but  parsimo- 
nious in  the  more  useful  gifts  of  activity 
and  steadiness  of  pursuit,  Mr.  Spencer 
shone  with  extraordinary  brilliancy  in 
conversation.  His  knowledge  was  ex. 
tensi\'e,  his  memory  retentive,  and  his 
wit  ready,  refined,  and  *sparkling;  but 
this  was  so  invariably  under  the  control 
of  a  benevolent  disposition,  of  pure  good 
nature,  that  be  was  never  known  to  exer* 
cise  it  in  a  manner  to  give  even  momen- 
tary pain. 

riiough  he  never  became  the  colleague 
of  statesmen,  he  was  sought  as  their 
companion  ;  and  at  his  house  in  Curzon- 
street,  the  two  great  political  opponents, 
Mr.  Pitt  and  Mr.  Fox,  met  at  least  once 
as  upon  neutral  ground,  and  enjoyed  the 
charms  of  Jiterary  conversation  and  po- 
lished wit,  unleavened  by  party  feeling  or 
a  struggle  for  superiority.  Among  those, 
too,  with  whom  he  lived  on  terms  of  in- 
timacy,  were  the  Prince  of  Wales,  She- 
ridan, Dr.  Lawrence,  Sydney  Smith, 
Horner,  and  others  of  deservedly  high 
reputation. 

During  the  last  ten  years  Mr.  Spencer 


1835.3  OnnvAnY,— Thomas  Tel/ord,  Esq 

resided  in  Paris,  whrre  he  died;  not  missed, 
perttaps — because  tlie  stale  of  liis  health 
htiil  long  c(iu(ieinrwil  hirn  to  utter  seelii- 
«icn — hut  lamented  bvHllwhn  hiul  known 
him,  from  whose  memories  the  eharins  of 
bis  coiivcrsiifion  and  his  social  qualities 
Otn  never  be  etfuced. 

Mr.  Spenrer  married,  Dec.  1.3,  1791, 
the  (kjunteM  Su^sn,  dau-'hter  of  Fmiiris 
Count  Jeriison- Walworth,*  (of  the  Holy 
Roninii  Empire)  and  widow  of  ("oiint 
Spntti;  aiidhythiit  Indy,  who  survives  him, 
he  had  issue  five  koiik  and  two  daughter-* : 
I.  Louisa- (jeorgiunii ;  2.  Charles,  who 
died  an  initint  in  1793;  3.  the  Kcv.  Au- 
Iwejp  Georjcc  Spencer,  Archdeacon  of 
Bermuda,  who  married  in  1822  Eli?.a. 
daughter  of  John  Mo«.son,  esq,  and  has 
issue;  4-  Willium  Sjtencer,  esq.  who 
ntarried  in  1820  Frances,  daughter  of 
John  Garland,  rs<{.  and  faa-s  issue;  5. 
Ilarriet-I'uroiine-Oetavin,  married  in 
18111  to  her  eouKin-gemiati  Count  Charles 
Wrsterholt,  Chambcrhiin  to  the  Kinjr  of 
liavaria;  6.  the  Kev.  Georpe  John  Tre- 
vor Spencer,  Rector  of  Leaden  Kortinp, 
in  Eh.<w>x,  and  Perpetual  ['urate  of  IJnx- 
ton,  in  Oerbyhhire,  who  niarried  in  I82.'i 
Harriet- Tbeoilore,  -l-th  daughter  of  the 
late  Sir  Benjamin  Hobhouse,  Burt,  and 
bwinae;  tnd  7.  Frederick. WiJlJam. 


Thomas  Tklfoeo,  Esq. 

Stpt.  2.  In  Abingdon -street,  aped  77, 
Thomas  Tellord,  esq.  President  of  the 
Sodety  of  Civil  Enftineers. 

This  highly  talented  man  was  horn  in 
lh«  twriith  of  WcKterkirk,  in  the  eoiiniy 
of  Lhimfries,  in  the  yenr  I7.'j7,  und  whs 
rdnmted  at  the  parish  schooLf  At  the 
afc'r  of  fourteen,  he  was  ap|>rencii-ed  to 
the  trade  of  a  inu^on,  und  employed  in 
building  a  house  at  Ilamerskalcs  in  An- 
ttaitdale,  for  Dr.  Mountjoy.  who  had  re- 
tunu*d  trom  being  first  physician  to  the 
TOurt  of  Petersburg'. 

li>  e«rly  life,  Mr.  Telford  gave  indica. 
lions  of  poetical    tiilent.     He  wrote  h 


*  Of  Ibic  family,  formerly  seated  at 
Walworth  in  the  county  of  Durham,  n 
I»crfi|frec  will  h**  found  in  Surtecs's  His- 
tc«ry  «>f  thHt  County,  vol.  iii.  p.  321. 
Coi        '  1- W'tilworth.  brctther  to  the 

O'  ri  H!id   now  Envoy  in  this 

.fOu;... .  ,,  .'.i.  iUe  King  of  Bavaria,  married 
Beiiuelerk  daughter  of  Tophiim 
loclerk.  esq.  by  I^idy  Diiina  Spencer, 
and  rouMiLgcrroaii  to  the  subject  of  this 
memoir. 

f  By  Ilia  will,  Mr.  Telford  has  left  (o 
(heniii«i>ter^of  Westerkirk  and  the  neigh- 
Iruuritig  town  of  Langholm,  l(XM>j.  each, 
to  trust  for  the  purchase  of  bookx  for  tbc 
parucbial  libraries. 


poem  intitled  Eskdale,  nnd  wm  (he 
"  Eskdiile  Tarn  "  of  the  poetical  corner 
of  the  Scots  Magazine.  On  the  deuth  of 
Bums,  he  wrote  some  very  beautinil  verses 
to  his  niemoiy,  [mhlished  in  I)r.  Currie's 
Life  of  the  Ayi'shire  bard.  On  reading 
wliich,  one  is  tempted  to  soy  as  Pope  did 
of  Mansfield, — 

"  How  sweet  u  Ramsay  was  in  Telford 
lost!" 

Mr.  Telford  continued  to  be  employed 
in  house  nnd  bridge  building,  itt  his  native 
district  of  Eskdwle,  until  1783,  when, 
having  lKe«»  taught  an  hitertuml  dr>iwing 
at  Edinburgh,  lie  proceeded  to  London, 
und  WHS  (or  sonic  time  employed  at  the 
greitt  square  of  public  otfices  at  Someiset 
house.  He  afterwards  ,su|H-riuteiided 
public  buildiivgs  at  Portsmouth  dwk- 
jTird,  previous  to  acting  geru'mtly  aj$  un 
architect  and  engineer-  His  gradual  rise 
from  the  stonemasons'  and  builders'  yard 
to  the  irummit  of  his  profession  in  his 
own  country,  or  it  may  be  i^id,  in  the 
world,  is  to  be  ascribed  not  more  to  his 
genius  his  cunsumninte  nhility,  and  per- 
severing industry,  than  to  his  plain,  honest, 
strrtightforward  deuling.  and  flic  integrity 
and  Kuidour  which  marked  his  churucter 
throughout  life, 

His  works  are  so  numerous  all  over 
the  ihland,  that  there  is  hardly  a  county 
in  Eitglund,  Wales,  or  .Scotland,  in  which 
they  may  not  be  pointed  out.  The  Menai 
und  Conway  bridges,  the  Caledonian 
Canal,  the  St.  Katharine's  Docks,  the 
Holyhcnd  roads  and  bridges  the  High- 
liutd  roads  und  bridges,  the  Chirk  and 
Pont-y-cisylte  aquedtjcts,  the  canals  in 
Salop,  and  great  works  in  that  county, 
of  which  he  was  surveyor  for  more  than 
half  a  century,  are  some  of  tire  great 
works  which  will  immortalize  the  nnme 
of  Thomas  Telford.  We  are  enabled, 
however>  to  give  a  chronological  list  of 
his  principal  works,  \vhich  we  consider  a 
very  interesting  docointifit : 

I7HH,  A  new  gaol  built  for  the  county 
of  Salop  {Shrewsbury  Castle  being  con- 
verted into  a  dwelling-house). 

Twenty-six  bridges  in  the  same  county, 
from  20  to  130  feet  span ;  two  of  them 
over  ilic  river  Severn, 

17'Jtt.  A  bridge  over  the  Severn  at 
Bewdley,  consisting  o(  three  arches. 

A  bridge,  112  feet  spaih  over  the  Dee, 
at  Kirkcudbright,  in  Scotland. 

Bridgenorth  church  (see  the  Edinburgh 
Encylopiedia.) 

'1  he  Ellesuiere  consi,  commenced  in 
IVnt;  length  tO.'J  miles.  Chief  works, 
Pont-y-eisylte  Aipieduet,  one  ihou- 
Mkitd  teet  lung,  und  one  hundred  nnd 
twenty  eight  Icel  high;  Cbiik  Aqueduct, 


I 


100 


Obituary.— rAoJTiaj  Teljbrd,  Esq. 


[Jan. 


BIX  hundred  feet  long,  and  seventy  feet 
bigb. 

In  1790,  by  the  British  Fishery  So- 
ciety,  for  the  iriNpectiun  of  harbours  on 
ibe  coHKt  of  Ciiifliiipss,  uiid  to  ilevi^i'  a 
plmi  fur  an  I'xteni^ivc  CiitxbliKSiinciit  at 
Wirk,  in  th«t  county^  Tlii.'*  work  was 
regubirly  8ccomj>Iished,  and  it  bus  b«?en 
thi"  chief  centre  of  the  herring  fishery  on 
that  coast,  under  the  Jiame  of  Pulteney 
1  iiwn. 

Highland  roads  and  bridges,  eommenred 
in  1803.  Under  this  conitnisMoiv  were 
built  one  thou»unrl  one  hutidied  and  s<e- 
yeiiteen  bridtTN  in  the  lliphltiitds;  aiul, 
in  the  nnids  the  gront  difficnktcs  he  over- 
eume  in  pussini^  through  a  ruk'ijfd,  hilJv, 
Mnd  iROunraiMuni^  di^trict,  triutn;(hHntiy 
•tint  hJ8  creiit  skill  a"4  tin  en^ne<T. 

The  Cnk-doniuji  eiiiiiil,  bt'KH"  i"  IWK 
Locks,  enrh  J W  feet  \ung,  40  wide,  df|*tU 
of  water,  5?0  ftct. 

Dunkeld  bridge,  finished  in  1809.  Nine 
■rcht-s,  centre  one  90  feet  spKn. 

The  (VJHigow,  Piii.-^ley,  and  Ardrossim 
mnnl. 

Aberdeen  hurbour,  extension  and  ira- 
provemenTst,  eomnu'iiccd  in  1810. 

Dundee  hnrbonr,  exteiisioti  and  ira- 
provcnienfs,  eomrnenGed  in  IBJ.'J;  the 
Ferry  Piers,  oti  both  sides  of  the  river, 
in  am. 

The  Glisgow  nnd  Curlislt-  road,  eoin- 
nienced  in  iHlfi,  ujj^-n  wliieh  wert-  built 
2S  bridf;v»  of  1^),  yO,  W>,  iiO,  M  feet 
s|Nin  uitd  under. 

The  LiuinrkKliire  n»ds.  inelitding  bridge 
at  Carfhuid  Cniig^,  123  feet  high;  and 
four  other  lurpe  bridpen. 

Incrt-asiiig  the  width  of  tbe  roadway 
over  (iIh^ow  old  bridge  with  cu^^t-iron. 

The  Dean  brid||,'e  aver  l^cith  Water,  ut 
Ediidjiirgh,  four  iircheK.  each  *X)  feet 
•pan;   riiddwny  nbove  the  rivi-r  H)S  tret. 

Palhhend  bridge,  1 1  »>iles  from  Edin- 


bur^b,  on  the  Dalkeilb  road  ;  five  urcbes,      direction. 


Makin|i»  ti  canal  3l>  miles  in  length 
with  a  hninch  1 1  miles,  to  connect  the 
Binninjfhnm  cunsil  with  the  ShropHhire 
and  f^heshire  canals,  ami  open  u  new 
commimjcatioti  with  Liverpool  and  Mun- 
chc^ter,  rim!  theitce  to  London. 

]nij«ruvitt}(  the  outfalls  of  tlie  river 
Ouw,  in  Norfolk,  und  the  Nt?ne  ia  Lin- 
eolnsbirc,  incliidinp  the  dminugc  of  the 
North  Uedford  Level,  between  thf!  Nene 
and  the  Widland. 

<'on«itruct>ng  the  St.  Katharine  Docks, 
adjoining;  Tower  Hill,  Loudon. 

LonstruLtin^  a  cast-iron  bridtfc,  170 
feet  Rpnn,  over  ttie  river  Severn,  ut 
Tewkeftiury,  in  Crluuce!<ter»hire. 

fiutldini;  a  Btoiie  brif!>;e,  I JO  feet,  over 
the  St  vern,  near  the  city  of  (iloneester. 

Dcsif;niii(;  a  utorie  biid|;e  ot  Htven 
arches.  M\  feet  wide  within  the  parapets, 
and  500  feet  luiiit,  abont  to  be  built  over 
tlie  Clyde,  at  tiliisf^ow,  on  the  site  of 
Jamaica  Street  bridge. 

Opening  a  navi(od>le  eommunirarion 
acroi'.«  Sweden,  from  (tothenborg,  on  rbe 
Notfh  Sea,  to  Sodcrkiug,  on  the  Baltic. 

In  the  year  1817,  Loiiii  Cnmmishioners 
were  appointed  to  itpjdy  1,7^,000/.  to- 
wards currj'ing  «n  pid)lie  woiki«.  Mr. 
TcUiord  Avus  ern|<loyed  as  their  engineer; 
nnd  since  tliut  time  he  has  examined  and 
reported  on  the  following  works,  for 
wbii:h  aid  wtu*  re«jne8teJ. 

The  llegent's  canal,  from  Paddington, 
by  Islington,  to  LiinehouKc. 

A  cast  iron  bridge  acros«  tbc  Tbanies 
from  Queen-street. 

A  tibort  canal  l»etwecu  the  Thames 
and  Isis,  and  the  Wilts  and  Berks  canal. 

For  an  extension  of  Folkstone  Har- 
bour, on  the  coast  of  Kent. 

For  completing  the  Thames  and  Med- 
Wttv  caruil.  from  Gmvehciul  to  Rochester. 

For  completing  the  (jioucester  and 
Berkeley  canal,  which  wa«  done  under  hi* 


70  feet  high. 

AIorp«>ih  bridge.  Northumberland, eon- 
•isting  ol  three  arclics. 

The  Holyhcud  road  from  LotidnTi  to 
Dublin,  including  the  Menai  und  Conway 
bridges. 

lioproTing  the  river  Wcever  navigation, 
between  Ibe  Che»bire  salt  workii  and  sea 


Constnicting  a  tunnel  .1000  yards  in 
length,  throngli  HareeaKtIe  hill,  upon  the 
Trent  and  Merwey  nuvimtion,  near  the 
great  Stuflord^hire  Potteries. 

Maknig  a  cuiuil  from  ditto,  2!)  miles  in 
Irngih,  by  .Macclestield,  to  the  Peidc 
forest  and  Hiiddcrsfield  canajM. 

Improvnig  the  Birniinghuni  old  canal, 
funuerty  laid  out  by  Mr,  Brindley. 


For  comjdeting  the  Potr  mouth  and 
Anindel  canal. 

For  the  Tay  ferry  pier."*,  which  were 
con?<irueted  under  his  direction. 

For  rebuilding  Folly  bridge,  at  Oxford, 
on  tlic  site  of  hViur  llncon**  study. 

For  making  a  sliort  canal  between  the 
river  Leo  «nd  the  Regent's  canal. 

For  rebuilding  Windsor  and  Kingston 
bridges  upon  the  river  Thames. 

For  making  a  canal  from  Exeter  to 
the  sea. 

For  constructing  a  harbour  at  Shore- 
ham,  on  the  cotuit  of  Sus»ex. 

For  building  a  timber  bridge  at  Tcign- 
mouth. 

For  compieling  the  firidgvwutct  and 
Ttunton  euiud. 


V83S.1 


Obituary. — Thomas  Telford,  Esq. 


101 


Pof  constructing  locks  aiid  wears  upon 
the  riv«r  Thames, 

For    runi|»lfTinpt    tbc    Liverpool    and 
MaiichcstOT  Riilway. 

For  completing  Courto^vn  barbour,  in 
IteUnd. 

On  tlie  proposfd  thUwj  lietween  Wa- 
ftjrd  antj  Litncrick. 
Oil    the    L'lsif^r  raiul,  as  proposed,  in 
^c  north  of  Ireluiid. 

On  the  Noruifb  and  Lo\ve*toft  navi- 
ktitni,  previous  to  the  commencement^ 
nd  whiio  in  progress. 
Mr.    Telford  also  made  scvcml  exten- 
Hve  btirveys  of  the  mcil-eouch  roiids,  by 
liri-ctioM  of  the  Post  Office;  und  many 
"rJ^ls  of  his  work*  are  contained  in  Sir 
Irnry  FunteH's  Treatise  on   Koadii.     it 
i  «id  that  he  was  inclined  to  set  a  hipber 
ulue  on  the  siicreNS  which  huh  utttnded 
fci»  exertions    for    improving   the    great 
»ininuni(-ation  from    London  to   Huiy- 
ut,   tlie  alfenitiuii!<  of  the  tine  uf  road, 
imoothticbsi,  and  the  excellence  of  the 
than  on  the  success  of  any  other 
e  eseeuted.     The  Alerai   bridge 
»{iubly  \k'  regarded  a$  the  most  iin> 
■ble    monument    of  Mr.    Telfoni'.s 
Imc.     Only  lu»r  rear,  he  wrote  a  "  He- 
»rt  on  the  mem?  ut  supplying  the  me- 
ppolis  with  jmre  water,"  which  provtjs 
kt  hia  research  and  discrimination  were 
at  at  all  impiiired  by  hi»>  greiit  age. 
Mr.    Telford   has  for  some  time  past 
en  jtradually  retirin|k^  from  profct^tiional 
Bess ;    and   hitlerly    chiefly  occupied 
'  in  preparing  a  detailed  account  of 
It  works  which  be    planned  and 
iie«  executed;  and  it  is  a  siuguhir 
I  fortunate  circumstance,  that  his  clerk 
ilcted   the  munuiMript  of  the  work, 
Bder  hilt  direction,  a  few  duj-s  before  his 
itb.     It  will  I)c   illustrated    by  more 
jhty  platen 

f.ouiiril    of  the    Inslitnrion  of 

En^'iricer*,  of  which  Mr.  Telford 

President  nearly  from  its  cuinnience- 

KOt,  have   published  the  following  ju- 

iou*,  eluqtient^  and  well-earned  tribute 

I  hin  ini-mitry  :  — 

■J! 1  of   the  Iniititulion  of 

ltd  feel  themselves  eiilfvd 

I  to  uo<irr»  the  membcpi  of  that  body 
^  OCOUion  of  the  great  loss  they 
"•(MtiUTwd  by  the  deatii  of  (heir 
VMienble  President,  to  express  their  high 
•OkM  of  his  talentk  and  eminence  as  a 
}nn]  mun,  and  their  heartfelt  re- 
»r  hi*  memory.  His  various  works 
kpicuuus  ornaments  to  the  country, 
t&k  ior  rltcnisflve^.  as  the  most 
I  monument  of  a  welt-eunied  fame: 
libcr,  itmgnitude,  and  iibcfulness, 
too  intimately  connected  with 


the  prosperity  of  the  Btitish  people  to 
be  overlooked  or  forgotten  in  future 
limes;  atid  the  name  of  TELroHU  mout 
remain  permanently  associated  witli  that 
remarkable  ])rogrc».s  of  public  improve^ 
mcnt  which  has  distinguished  the  age  in 
which  be  lived, 

•'  Theboldnciisandorigisiality  of  thought 
in  which  Ins  designs  were  conceived,  has 
been  only  equalled  by  the  success  with 
which  they  have  been  executed,  and  by 
the  public  benefit^  which  have  resulted 
from  their  use;  whiUt  the  general  ad> 
miration  with  wiiich  his  structures  wbi 
regnrded,  is  an  evidence  of  his  good  tMte,! 
in  giving  elegance  of  appeanuicc  to  the 
most  .'^uh^tuntial  fubrics. 

"  The  prolession  in  whii'h,  during  a  long 
■nd  puccetsful  career,  Mr.  Telford  was 
one  of  the  brightest  onmmentH.  has  been 
greatly  ndvimccd  in  public  estimation  bjri 
his  unceu^ing  etforts  for  its  imy>rovemenC. ' 
The  members  of  that  profession  can  never 
forget  the  liberality  with  which  he  |>a- 
tronised  and  encouraged  young  men.  his 
ready  accessibility,  and  the  uniform  kind* 
ness  of  feeling  and  urban! tv  of  manners 
evinced  in  his  intercouse  with  every  one. 

*'  The  Institution  of  (Jivil  Engineers 
has  been  pdrticularly  indebted  to  Mr. 
Telford,  whu  was  chosen  President  at 
an  early  stage  of  its  formation,  and  has 
always  exerted  his  influence  to  promote 
its  objects  and  consolidate  its  fouiidiuion ; 
hi*  presents  to  the  library  and  collection 
have  been  most  libenil,  his  Bttcndance  at 
the  meetings  constant,  and  his  conduct  in 
presiding  has  been  in  every  way  cjilculnted 
to  promote  mutual  good  feelinps,  har- 
mony of  sentiments,  and  co-oj)cration  of 
talents." 

Mr.  Telford  taught  himself  Latin, 
French,  Italian,  and  (Jormun  ;  and  could 
read  those  lunguiigcs  with  faeility,  and 
converse  freely  in  French.  He  under. 
Mood  nlgebra  well,  but  held  mathema- 
tical investigiitiun  rather  cheap,  and  al- 
ways rc!<ortcd  to  experiment  when  prae-'' 
ticuble,  to  determine  the  relative  value  of] 
any  plans  on  which  it  was  bis  btiKiness  to 
decide.  He  was  not  an  inventor  in  a 
wide  sense  of  the  term,  but  readily 
adapted  well-proved  nieanv  to  hi»  ends. 
He  took  one  patent  in  iiis  lifetime,  and 
it  gave  him  so  ranch  trouble,  thiit  he  re- 
siulved  never  to  have  another,  and  kept 
his  resolution.  He  delighted  in  employ- 
ing the  vast  in  nature  to  contribute  to  the 
accommodation  uf  man,  His  eyes  once 
glistened  with  joy,  at  a  relation  of  the 
conception  of  a  statue  being  cut  out  of  a 
mountain,  holding  a  city  in  il»  hand;  he 
exelainicd  that  the  uuggcstor  was  *  m«g- 
niliccut  ielluw! 


(huTVAur.—Tkamu  Td/ord,  Esq.—Cierfy  DeeemKd.       [Jam- 


102 


He  was,  to  dw  ktest  period  of  lus  lifr. 
Tcrjr  food  of  joaag  men  and  of  tbeir  com. 
pany,  prondedthejdd^fated  in  learning; 
and  his  kind  disposition,  unaffected  man. 
ners,  and  easy  access,  were  the  omviis  of 
raising  many  meritorious  indiriduals  from 
obscurity,  to  situatioDs  where  their  talents 
bare  been  seen  and  rewarded. 

In  all  his  great  works,  be  emplojwd.  as 
sub-engineer%  men  of  talent,  capable  of 
appreciating  and  acring  on  bis  plans ;  and 
he  readily  acquiesced  in  tbdr  sunesdoos, 
when  reafonaUe,and  thus  identified  them 
with  the  succen  of  the  work. 

Though  ever  desirous  of  bringing  the 
merit  of  otben  into  notice,  his  own  was 
so  much  kept  out  of  view,  that  the  orders 
of  knighthood  conferred  on  him,  '  Gus. 
tavus  \'asa,  and  Alerit,'  his  gold  boxes, 
rojiU  medallions,  and  diamond  rings  from 
Russia  and  Sweden,  were  knoMH  only 
to  his  private  friends. 

Air.  Telford  was  never  married.  His 
ser^'ants  speak  of  him  as  the  kindest  of 
masters.  He  never  troubled  himself  about 
domestic  afTairs,  nor  cared  what  be  eat  or 
drank,  but  left  all  those  minor  matters  of 
life  to  their  ouuiagement.  He  was  a 
great  reader,  and  generally  retired  to  bed 
before  1 2,  and  read  himself  to  sleep ;  rose 
at  7 ;  finished  breakfast  before  8,  at  which 
hour  he  entered  his  office  to  business. 
His  punctuality  was  imiversal. 

Toe  immediate  cause  of  his  death  was 
the  rerurreiicc  of  a  severe  bilious  attack, 
to  wiiich  he  had  been  subject  for  some 
years.  At  the  request  of  the  Vice  Pre- 
sidents of  the  Institution  of  Civil  Engi- 
neers, the  Dean  of  Westminster  at  once 
asiiented  to  the  interment  of  his  body  in 
the  Abbey,  and  the  spot  chosen  is  next 
to  the  grave  of  Major  Rennell,  the  cele- 
brated geographer,  in  the  centre  of  the 
nave,  about  midway  between  the  organ 
and  the  great  western  door.  The  funeral 
was  conducted  on  the  10th  of  September, 
in  the  most  unostentatious  manner,  but 
attended  by  about  sixty  of  bis  personal 
friends,  among  whom  were  Sir  Henry 
Parnell,  Capt.  Beaufort,  Mr.  Milne, 
Commissioner  of  Woods  and  Forests,  the 
Vice-Presidents  and  C'Ouncil  of  the  In. 
stitution  of  (Mvil  Engineere,  &c.  &c. 

It  bus  been  suggested  that  the  most 
appropriate  monument  to  be  placed  over 
liis  tomb  would  be,  a  huge  granite  block, 
polished,  and  inscribed 

"  THOMAS  TELFORD." 

A  portrait  of  Mr.  Telford  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Imperial  Mngnzine  for  July 
I833i;  but  the  lace  is  rather  too  long. 
An  excellent  likeness  has  lately  been 
j|l»graved  on  n  large  size,  by  .Mr.  Haddun, 
iruin  a  puinting  by  Mr.  Lane,  in  poMCb- 


sioaoftbe  lasdtotiaa  of  Cirfl  Eogineen ; 
and  it  brings  boae  to  die  reaMmbnoiee 
of  his  fricsids,  a  fine  pictare  of  Us  opes, 
straigfatforward,  and   wmtij  firmness  of 

character.  

hlr.  Telford's  WiD  has  been  proved 
in  the  Prerogative  Caat  of  Canterbonr, 
and  the  personal  estate  swoni  under  the 
value  of  Sj^OOOKL  The  testator  beqwaths 
about  300(W.  to  divers  charitable  instita- 
tions,  and  there  are  legaeiea  to  severs! 
persons  of  merhanifl  aad  Ktenay  jgemos, 
altogetberamoonting  to  16,000c  AaMOg 
the  rest  there  are  200  puiBeas  to  Robert 
Sootbey,  esq.  die  poet  laureate.  Air. 
Telford  directs  that,  in  the  event  of  bis 
property  not  realising  16,000L,  the  Iega> 
tees  should  abate  in  proportion;  Iwt, 
should  it  prove  more  than  sufficient,  they 
are  to  be  entiUed  to  the  full  benefit,  in 
proportion  to  the  amount  of  pn^icrty 
left.  The  consequence  is.  that  the  amoont 
of  each  legacy  will  be  doubled,  and  the 
Poet  Laureate,  instead  of  receiving  SOU, 
will  become  entitled  to  1000  guineas. 


Cleicy  Deceased. 

The  Rev.  Joku  Bull,  Rector  of  Pent- 
low,  Essex,  to  which  he  was  instituted  in 
1816  on  his  own  petition.  His  son,  the 
Rev.  Edward  Bull,  has  been  instituted  as 
bis  successor.  [  We  are  not  aware  whe- 
ther this  clerg]rman  was  the  same  as  the 
Rev.  John  Bull,  Rector  of  Tattitig- 
stone,  Suffolk,  recently  deceased;  see 
Nov.  p.  553.] 

The  Rev.  Jama  EdwardM,  Rector  of 
Rynalton,  Glamoqtanshire,  to  which  he 
was  presented  in  1796  by  T.  M.  Talbot, 
esq. 

At  Thames  Ditton,  Surrey,  the  Rev. 
Wtlliam  EUis,  Rector  of  East  Moulsey. 
He  was  of  Trinity  hall,  Camb.  LL.B. 
1787,  and  was  presented  to  East  Moulsey 
in  1797  by  King's  college. 

At  Derryincb,  co.  Fermanagh,  the 
Rev.  Robert  Irwiuy  Chaplain  of  Duo- 
cannon  P^ort. 

The  Rev.  H.  Knott,  Curate  of  Dun- 
nington  and  Stainton,  Lincolnshire. 

Aged  28,  the  Rev.  Uimam  Knott,  for- 
merly assistant  Curate  of  Hoiton. 

Aged  57,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Lowe, 
Rector  of  Darlaston,  Staffordshire.  He 
was  first  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  in  1798;  and 
having  been  elected  a  Fellow  of  Magda- 
len, proceeded  ALA.  in  1802.  He  was 
for  some  lime  Tutor  of  that  college,  which 
office  he  resigned  on  his  appointment 
to  the  rectory  of  Darlaston  in  1814,  by 
the  Rev.  Charles  Simeon  and  the  Society 
for  purcha-aing  Advowsons. 

At  Hesketh  Bank,  Lancabhire,  aged 


1835.] 


OfllTUABY. — Clergy  Deceased. 


103 


the  Rev.  E.  AfuMttr,  M.A.  Rectorof 

Tbrd.  Liuinishiri>. 

The  Rev.  John  Afiittop,  Vicar  of  Larig- 

>fi  and  Baston,  Lrincoliishire.      He  was 

Queen's  rollege,  Oxford,  M.A.  I7W: 

»   presented   to    the   former  livintr  in 

|7R1    by    the    Lord    Chaiifellnr,    and    to 

jigtoft  in    JHOI  by  Sir  ii.  Heuthtoti', 

«rt.    His  will,  liiteiy  proved  in  DuctoiV 

Uommons.   coiitttin.<<    tlie    foJlmviiig   be- 

|iie*ts: — To  poor    widows  of    liastori. 

id  Lancrtolt,  to  each  a  piece  of  land,  of 

be  jcnrly  renfnl  of  .'3/,   to  be  ot  the  dis- 

of  the  Vicar  und  Churcbwardcds 

^|Hifc  ilf  St.    Tbomus,   for  ever. 

rpwifb  of  Deepint;  St.  James,  the 

tnt  of  pstrt  of  8  piece  of  land  culled  the 

IPatk  I:«uuid,  to  be  annually  f^iven  to  the 

■oor  M-idows  on  the  fieEst  of  St.  Thotnos, 

w  erer. 

The   Rev.  /ii>bert  Pick  lew,   Mosler  of 

|lbe    Free     School    at    Kirkburton   near 

Kuddcrslield. 

The  Rev.  E.  I'roitrr,  Minister  of   St. 
[Martin's.  Caerphilly,  (rlumorto^nsbire 

Al    Hyde    Abbey,    near    Winchester, 
(atr*^    51,     the    Rev.     Char  In    Rhhitrdi, 
Rector  of  Chale.  in    the  Isle  of  Wight, 
[»nil  N'icar  of  South  Stmifhum.      He  was 
of  the  late  Rev.   (.Charles  Kit-hards, 
erainry  of  Winchester,   the  school- 
'of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Georj^e  Cai»niug 
pfwe  Gent.  Ma^.  cm  i. p,  vfBI.);  iind^iiu'. 
[reeded  him  in  the  fiuperintendence  of  the 
'      I  Bt    Hyde   Abbey.      He 
|ol  II    Oxford,  M.A.   IS»W, 

p.i   ....  .,    ;u    Sooth     Stonehuni   in 
Ihl-i  by  tbe  Rector  of  St.  Marj-.  Suuih- 
[•mptati,    and    succeeded    his    luther    nt 
I  Cbftle,  tbe  patronage  of  which  was  his 
ioniu 

Tbe  Rev.  Xaihuniel  Smith,  Rector  of 

i.')<Mi>c  uiid  Perr)'noon,  CO.  Arnia^rb, 

\,  It   I,.,,,.  ,i.;„n  rectory,  Sutfolk,  aged 

I    Fraticit   TTradtcay,  of 

.y,  Cambridge. 

At  Rbydtucb.  near  Cordigvn,  aged  S4), 

[(the    Rev.     /.rzrh    Tumor,    formerly    of 

iBntdmore    House,    Hammersmith,  und 

[ittely  of  \Ver\ilbrook,  f  lardigHiishirc. 

A*  Bifterley  court,    Shropshire,  ai;ed 

llev.  J<V»«  Wiifrttt,  Rector  of  JiiC- 

He   wai  of  St.   .M>iry  hull,   Ox- 

'fonl.  B.CL   I71M  ;  and  mbm  presented  to 

Bittrrley  in  1mI7  by  Sir  J.  D,  King,  Bt. 

j      At    Kington,    Heri'ffirdshire,  ageil  m, 

llbe  Rev.  j^/in  h  (til,  for  52  years  Vicar 

'      ■■'•':  senior  Prebendary 

!•♦  of  Christ's  coll. 

id  was  in  that  year 

uiiateti  to  Kui^ton  by  Dr.  Hullifax.  then 

[B{>.  of  Hereford  ;  and  to  the  prebend  of 

pPratam  Minus  in  179U. 

At  Dvmelittrch,  Kent,  nt  an  advanced 
fp,  the  kev.  Ullilam  tf'cbtirr.  Rector  of 
■t  parish  and  Jiiackmaiistone,  and  for 


many  years  riirafe  of  St.  Mary's,  Dover. 
He  was  of  St.  John's  college,  Choi- 
bridge,  IJ.  A.  I7H0,  was  presented  to 
Pymcbureh  in  1787,  by  Lord  (.'liuncellor 
TluirJow,  and  collated  to  liluckamn. 
stone  in  IHH)  by  the  late  Archbishop  of 
Canterbury. 

.^ui^  23.  In  Giltspar-street  Compter, 
aped  50,  the  Rev.  T.  (Jmriit  Qunnt/,  lute 
of  ("ork.  He  was  brother  to  the  Kev  Dr. 
John  Quarrj',  Rector  of  St.  Mary  Shan- 
don,  (oik.  fie  ninie  to  London  on 
son>e  jirivate  bnsine^j,  und  put  up  at  the 
Bull  and  Mouth  Inn.  While  tlicre,  he 
WHS  contimwlly  unnoyii»)t;  the  bouse  by 
ringitig  the  bell  tiniJcce*»inily.  The  im- 
piej>sion  in  the  bou<<e  wn*  that  he  svaa 
dcranjjcd,  and  he  wua  therefore  piven  in 
char>{e  to  the  police,  who  took  him  to  thu 
watibhuose,  and  thence  to  tbe  ("ompter. 
Mr.  Murdoch,  surgeof»,  stated  that  he 
laboured  tntder  a  coni|diiiiit  of  the  lungs. 
Verdict :    Died  by  the  vi^ttalion  of   ( fod. 

Sept.  4.  Onboard  H.M.S.  Maihi^'as- 
OAr,  in  the  (riiU  of  Nanplia.  ajjed  .'i3,  the 
Ri'V.  ('hiirtm  !K  llndd.  He  was  the  son 
of  the  bite  Rev.  Javtf*  W.  I)f>dd,  M.  A. 
one  of  the  ma.<«terH  of  Westminster 
School;  and  was  himself  cducntcd  at 
that  place  and  at  Christ-chnrch,  Oxford, 
where  he  attained  the  degree  of  M.  A.  in 
IS^k 

.SV-B/.  2\  A  t  Tniytnurf,  co.  Waterford, 
the  Rev.  Jo/iH  Jlitrh:  formerly  Cunite  of 
Trinity-  within,  Wuterford. 

,Srf>t.  'AH.  At  Hurleston,  Norfolk,  aged 
H5.  the  Kev.  Jufin  .SV(i«,  Rector  of  Kim- 
ble. Uuck,«,  and  formerly  Curate  of  .Mend- 
hum  and  Bitickdish,  near  Harlcston.  Hc 
has  left  a  wife  and  one  daughter. 

t/tt  U.  At  CuckHeld,  Sut^sex,  aged 
54,  the  Rev.  A'duard  Frnnh,  of  (.iirapsal- 
piirk,  near  I)onciister,  Rector  of  Shclton 
cum  H  end  wick,  Norfolk,  and  of  Alder- 
ton,  Suifolk.  He  was  the  youn^fer  but 
mdy  BurviN-iiifj  .son  and  heir  of  Bacon 
Frank,  esq.  of  Campwil,  who  died  in  laiJi, 
by  (\ilhurine,  daughter  and  heir  of 
John  Hoare,  of  I'oiittfract,  esq.  by  Eli- 
z.ibeth,  dauj^bter  and  coheir  uf  Hubert 
Flunk,  es(|.  Reronler  and  some  time 
MA',  for  that  borough.  (See  the  pedi- 
gree of  (he  facuily  in  Hunter'.'*  Dcincryof 
DontMsttr,  vol.il.  p.  UiSy).  He  was  insti- 
tuted to  Aldeitoti  in  tStU  on  bi^  own  peti- 
tion, und  to  Shettod  in  iHll.  He  mar- 
ried in  IM,K)  Mary- Frances,  dun.  of  (*ol. 
James  Sowerby,  R,  Art,  und  Imd  issue 
four  sons  and  two  daughters;  I.  Rich. 
Bacon  Fraidt,  who  has  married  Caroline, 
dau.  of  Dr.  Curtis,  riuI  has  issue;  1i.  Kd- 
w«rd;  li,  4.  A-ipinal,  and  Rodolphu*, 
twins;  5.  Jemimsi;  and  U.  Rosalie-Ba- 
con, who  died  in  1»*J5. 

(Jet.  16.  At  Hull,  ageil  37,  the  Hey. 
John  Scvtt^  Vicar  of  North  Ferriby,  Mi- 


104 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[Jan. 


nisterof  St.  Mary'R,  IIiiU,  and  Afteniooii 
Lecturer  of  the  Holy  Trinity  church  in 
that  town.  Mr.  Scott  mw  the  eldest  son 
of  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Scott,  the  cele- 
brated  Rectcr  of  Aston  Sandford,  in 
Buckinghamshire;  and  was  educated  un> 
der  his  father's  care  until  his  admission 
to  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge,  where 
he  graduated  B.  A.  1799  as  twelfth 
Wrangler,  M.A.  1803.  At  Christmas 
1 799  be  waK  ordained  as  Curate  to  the 
Rev.  Thos.  Dikes,  Minister  of  St.  John's, 
Hull;  and  was  shortly  after  appointed 
by  the  Corporation  to  the  MasterKhip  of 
the  Grammar-school;  in  1801  be  was 
presented  by  Sir  Robert  Peel  to  the  Vi? 
canige  of  North  Ferriby,  and  in  1816  by  S. 
Thornton,  esq.  to  that  of  St.  Mary,  Hull. 
He  published  m  1809  Five  Sermons  on 
Baptism.  Confirmation,  and  the  Lord's 
Supper  (tid  edit,  with  two  others  on  the 
Sabbath,  1822);  in  1812,  The  Nations 
imploring  the  Word  of  Life,  a  Sermon 
for  the  Bible  Society;  and  in  1822,  The 
Life  of  his  Father.  Mr.  Scott  was  Secre- 
tary to  the  Hull  Auxiliary  Bible  Society. 
He  has  left  a  widow  and  ten  children. 

Oct.  27.  At  Codford  St.  Peter's,  Wilts, 
aged  70,  the  Rev.  Charle*  PluUpt,  M.A. 
Jlector  of  St  Margaret  Pattens,  and  St. 
<jal)riel  Fencburch,  London,  to  which 
church  he  was  presented  in  1792  by  the 
Lord  Chancellor. 

Oct.  30.  The  Rev.  Franris  Afetcalf, 
Rector  of  Righton,  Yorkshire,  and  a 
magistrate  of  the  East  Riding.  He  wa.s 
presented  to  that  church  in  1824  by  Sir 
William  Strickland,  Bart. 

Xov.  1  At  Wilton,  Norfolk,  the  Rev. 
Ilrnry  Tilncy,  Rector  of  Hockwold  cum 
Wilton.  He  was  formerly  a  Fellow  of 
Caius  college,  C-amhridge,  where  be  gra- 
duated  li.  A.  1794  as  13tb  Senior  Optime, 
Af.A.  1797;  and  was  presented  to  bis 
living  in  1806  bv  that  Society. 

Xov.  4<.  'rhe  Rev.  John  Frrrahy, 
Vicar  of  Welford  and  Tibbertoft,  co. 
Northampton.  He  was  of  Clare-hall, 
Cambridge,  B.A.  1779,  as  18th  Senior 
Optime,  M.  A.  1798,  and  was  presented 
to  both  his  livings  in  1810  by  Dr.  Moss, 
then  Bishop  of  Orford. 

Nov.  7.  Aged  71,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Stubht, 
Vicar  of  Well,  near  Bedale,  and  Master 
«f  the  Grammar-school  at  Holly-hill.  He 
died  suddenly  on  leaving  the  house  of  im 
»<.'ed  parishioner,  with  whom  he  bad  been 
reading  prayers. 

At  Tiiiglcy-hou.se,  near  Leeds, aged  78, 
the  Rev.  H'itliam  Wood,  M.  A. 

Xov. !).  A  t  Oxford,  the  Rev.  William 
JiriKi'iir,  M.A.  Lecturer  of  Carfax  cliurch. 
He  was  of  Magdalen  college. 

Xov.  10.     At   Walsingham,    Norfolk, 
13 


aged  57,  the  Rev.  Jamet  Ixe  Warner., 
Vicar  of  Great  and  Little  Walsingham, 
and  of  Houghton-in-the-Brake,  to  both 
which  he  was  presented  by  D.  H.  Lee 
Warner,  esq. ;  to  the  last-named  in  1817. 

Xov.  II.  At  Kirkby  Underdale,  York- 
shire, the  Rev.  Ilnry  John  Hidiey,  Rec- 
tor of  that  piuisb,  and  a  Prebendary  a( 
Norwich.  He  was  of  Christ-church, 
Oxford,  M.A.  1813;  was  presented  to  a 
prebend  of  Bristol  in  1816;  to  Kirkby 
Underwood  in  1827  by  his  relative.  Lord 
KIdon ;  and  exchanged  his  prebend  at 
Bristol  for  one  at  Norwich  in  IS32. 
Pious,  without  bigotry;  generous,  with- 
out ostentation ;  kind,  without  weakness ; 
social,  without  levity;  he  employed  the 
short  period  of  time  allotted  to  him  by 
his  Maker  in  the  discharge  of  active  du- 
tics,  and  the  exercise  of  benevolent  affec- 
tions. 

A'lw.  \b.  At  Huntingdon,  aged  3k 
the  Hev.  Wilfred  Veatey.,  D.  D.  Fellow  of 
Sl  Peter's  college,  Cambridge.  He  was 
a  son  of  David  Veasey,  esq.  of  Hunting- 
don. 

XoiK  18.  At  Kingsbury-lodge,  St. 
Alban's  aged  77,  the  Rev.  T/ioma*  Moorr, 
D.D.  formeriy  Vicar  of  Thurleigh,  Beds, 
to  which  he  was  presented  in  1^1. 

Nuv.  20.  At  St.  Mary  Bourne,  Hants, 
aged  68,  the  Rev.  William  Eation,  Vicar  of 
Hurstbourne  Priors,  with  Mary  Bourne, 
and  a  Prebendary  of  Heytesbuiy.  He  was 
the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Mr.  James 
Easton,  of  Salisbury,  and  Hannah  his 
wife;  and  nephew  to  the  late  Mr.  Ed- 
ward Easton,  a  well-known  bookseller  of 
that  city.  He  was  of  Wadham  college, 
Oxford ;  was  presented  to  the  prebend  of 
Swallowclift,  in  Heytesbury  collegiate 
church,  by  Dean  Ekins  in  1804%  and  col- 
lated to  his  living  in  1817  by  Dr.  North, 
then  Bishop  of  Winchester.  He  was 
struck  with  apoplexy  on  bis  return  from  a 
marriage  at  Hurstbourne,  and  expired  in 
the  course  of  three  hours.  His  father,  a 
nephew  and  two  nieces,  all  died  of  the 
same  disease. 

Nov.  21.  Aged  33,  the  Rev.  Xicho'a* 
Itobintott,  M.A.  Minister  of  St  Martin's 
in  the  P'ields,  Liver|>ool. 

Xov.  22.  In  Cunningham -place.  Edge- 
ware-road,  after  a  long  and  severe  illness, 
aged  58,  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Pierce  Meade, 
Archdeacon  of  Droinore,  uncle  to  the  Earl 
of  Clanwilliam,and  brother  to  the  Countess 
of  Meath  and  Lady  Howden.  He  was 
the  fourth  ajid  youngest  son  of  John  the 
first  Earl,  by  Theodusia,  dau.  and  heiress 
of  R.  M.  Blagill,  esq.  by  Lady  Anne  Bligh, 
dau.  of  John  1st  Earl  of  Damley.  He 
married  April  6, 1801,  Elizabeth,  2d  dau. 
of  the  Rt.  Rev.  Thos.  Percy,  Lord  Bishop 


1835] 


Obituary. 


105 


of  Dromore;  and  by  th»t  lady,  who  died 
Sept  86,  1823,  had  issue  four  sons  and 
one  daughter;  1.  John- Pierce;  2.  Thos. 
Perey,  who  died  in  1831 ;  3.  Theodosia 
BailMtfa,  married  in  1833  to  the  Rev. 
John  Whalley:  4.  Edward  Richard;  and 
5.  Henry  Hugh,  who  died  in  1824. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

Aur.  29.  At  Woolwich,  Lieut.  Kane, 
Adj.  Royal  Art. 

Sept.  4.  In  Singleton-st.,  City-rosd, 
aged  8lf,  George  Clymcr,  esq.  late  of  Phi- 
ladelphia, inventor  of  the  Columbian 
printing  press. 

Sept.  5.  At  Brentford  Butts,  aged  73, 
Frances  Florence,  widow  of  Alex.  Bar- 
day,  esq.  of  Brompton. 

Snt.  6.  In  Beaufort-buildings,  aged 
74,  Mr.  John  Bowlcy,  one  of  the  oldest 
«uctioneers  of  the  metropolis. 

Sept.  12.  Aged  25^  John  Foster,  esq. 
A.M.  latfe  of  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
and  student  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  only  son  of 
the  Rev.  J.  Foster,  Vicar  of  West  Tbur. 
rock,  Essex. 

Sept,  Id.  In  Burlington-st.  Captain 
Jones,  R.N. 

Sept.  17.  At  Vauxhall,  aged  48,  Mary- 
Sophia,  wife  of  L.  S.  Tucker,  esq.  T^ol- 
lector  of  his  Majesty'^  revenues  at  Gib- 
raltar. 

Oct.  15.  At  Hackney,  in  her  90th  year, 
Frances,  widow  of  Major  Salt. 

(kt.  22.  The  Rev.  J.  Archer,  D.D. 
Catholic  clergyman  of  the  Bav-urian- 
chapel. 

(M.  26.  At  Barnes-green,  the  Baron 
de  Noual.  His  body  M*as  interred  in 
the  church  at  Kensington,  where  the 
Baron  resided,  and  n^as  much  respected. 

Oct.  28.  A  Red  47,  Mrs.  Boyd,  wife 
of  Hugh  Stuart  Boyd,  esq. 

At  Deptford,  William  Kent,  M.  D. 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Matthew  S.ilmon 
Kent,  M.  D.  formerly  surgeon  of  Dept- 
ford Dock-yard. 

iVop.  4.  In  Harley-street,  the  eleventh 
day  after  the  death  of  her  eldest  sister, 
Misa  Barl>ara  Plants,  sole  remaining  sis- 
ter of  the  late  Joseph  Planta,  esq.  of  the 
Brirish  Museum. 

-V(W).  4.  At  Chelsea,  aged  39,  Theo- 
dosia, wife  of  Robert  Scott,  esq. 

.Vov.  5-  In  Kensington-palace,  Sarah, 
widow  of  Lieut. -Gen.  Wynyard. 

.Vov.  6.  Aged  33,  Mr.  llobort  Farran, 
youngest  son  of  John  Farrun,  e.<^q.  of 
£H<it-p}acr,  Lambeth. 

Aged  36,   ChailiH    Piirburj-,  esq.,   of 
I.«:idi>nball-st.  and  ^oyniour-placc ;  head 
of  the  firm  of  Parburj-,   Alh-i',  and  Co., 
Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  III. 


the  eminent  booksellers  connected  with 
India. 

Nov.  10.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  63, 
the  Rev.  Dan.  Washboum,  23  years  Mi- 
nister of  the  Independent  church  in  that 
place,  and  previously  of  Wellingborough. 

Nov.  14.  At  Stamford-hill,  aged  80, 
Benj.  Hanson  Inglish,  esq. 

Nov.  15.  At  Ulster-place,  aged  84, 
Abigail,  widow  of  Rich.  Routh,  esq.  Col- 
lector of  his  Majesty^  Ciistom8,and  Chief 
Justice  of  NeMrfoundland. 

Nov.  20.  Madame  Victoire  Hutchin. 
son,  of  Upper  Berkeley- st.  widow  of 
Capt.  F.  N.  Hutchinson,  and  only  dau. 
of  Mons.  Prins,  of  Brussels. 

Nov.  21.  At  Blackfriars-road,  William 
Bailey,  esq.  iron-merchant,  Bankside. 
from  injuries  received  by  being  thrown 
from  his  gig. 

Nov.  23.  Aged  43,  Jane,  wife  of  Capt. 
Edward  Henley,  Lucas-st  Commercial- 
road. 

Nov.  24.  Aged  46,  Mr.  Samuel  Ro. 
binson,  of  Chapterhouse-passage,  book- 
seller. 

Nov.  26.  Aged  10,  Lucy  Hamilton, 
only  child  of  John  Hamilton  Reynolds, 
esq.  Goldeti-square. 

In  Purk-lane,  aged  63,  Wm.  Starkle, 
esq.;  and  Dec.  4,  aged  65,  at  Chelten. 
ham,  E.  Starkie,  esq.  of  Park-lane,  his 
brother. 

Nov.  29.  Delpbine- Ann,  eldest  dau.  of 
Thos.  Denman,  esq,  sculptor,  of  Buck- 
ingham-st.  Fltzroy-sq. 

In  Clapham-road-place,  aged  75^  Thos. 
Caldwell,  esq. 

lAUely.  Eleanor,  wife  of  Joseph  James 
Clark,  esq.  of  South  Audley-st. 

In  Wilton-crescent,  aged  45,  Lieut.- 
Col.  Clements. 

In  Prince's-st.  Blackfriars-road,  Thos. 
Mounsey  Cunningham,  esq.  a  contributor 
to  the  '*  Scots*  Magazine,"  and  other  pe- 
riodicals. 

In  Mont^^-st.  Ru!isell-sq.  aged  74, 
Major  John  Lovell,  late  of  76th  rc^ment. 

In  Mecklenburgh-square,  aged  75,  J. 
M'Cullum,  esq. 

In  Dover-st.,  ^ed  84,  Mr.  Maoton,  the 
celebrated  gim  maker. 

C.  M.  Purdy,  esq.  R.  Mar.  Art.  only 

son  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Purdy,  of  Cricklade. 

In  Ijondon,  Lieut.  F  U.  Quarry,  R.M. 

Of  cholera,  aged  32,  John  Percy  Sarcl, 

esq.  of  the  Inner  Temple,  barrister. 

II.  J.  Shrapnell,  esq.  many  years  sur- 
geon of  South  Gloucester  militia. 

Eliza  Maria,  wife  of  Lieut.- Col.  Sir 
Janu's  Wallace,  5fli  Dragoons,  dau  of 
W.  P.  Hodi;e8,  t'sq. 

life.   1.    "In  Poiirlist.   Park-lane,  the 
lii^ht  Hon.  Eliz.  Lady  kilmainc.     She 
was  a  dau.  of  David  Lvori,  esq.  ofPort- 
P    ' 


* 


106 

land-place;  was  married  Jan.  4,  1822,  to 
tbe  present  Lurd  Kilinatne:  and  bas  left 
crgbt  cbildren. 

Zkc.2,  At  Euston-sq.  aged  72,  Eliz. 
widow  of  T.  CreasweU,  esq.  late  of  Ten- 
bury. 

Aged  45,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  A.  Bons- 
daile,  esq. 

Dec.  3.  In  Baker-street,  Fanny,  wife 
of  8.  T.  Partridge,  M.D.  second  daii,  of 
the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Aloore,  of  Woodchester, 
Glouc. 

IJfc.  I.  At  Vauxhall,  aged  70,  H. 
Lindeman,  esq.  the  oldest  diief  oflicer  in 
the  E.  I.  t.'o.'s  Service,  wliicL  he  entered 
in  11^. 

At  Wandsworth,  affed84^Dan.  Bell, esq. 

lire.  3.  At  King-street,  St.  JamesV 
aquare,  aged  a?,  Stirling  J.  Chri<itie,  e.scj;. 

In  DcaiiVyard,  Sii-iannab,  wife  of  the 
Rev  Dr.  Daltins,  Precentor  of  Westmins- 
ter Abbey. 

At  Hat'kney.  aged  63,  Jns.  Court,  esq, 

Z>fr.  6.  In  JeTinyii.st.  William  Mack- 
iiitosb,  esq.  late  of  Clifton. 

At  Paddington, aged  W),  A.  Falconer, 
esq. 

Dec.  7.  At  Kensington,  a^ed  55, 
Charlotte,  widow  of  the  kte  D.  Dunn, 
esq.  of  Ilolloway. 

In  Weyniouth-st.agcd24,  George  Jas. 
youngc»t  son  of  the  late  Lieut. •Col. 
Coote  Ulartin,  l«t  fJtiards. 

2}ec,  10.  Ini  Throgmorton-stppct,aged 
75,  Alexander  Cbalmers,  esq.  F.S.A.  Of 
thia  diatinguished  literary  cbunieter  a  me- 
moir shall  apfiear  soon. 

Mary-Ann,  wife  of  the  Rev.  W.  E.  L. 
Faulkner,  M.  A.  Kector  of  St.  John's 
Clerkenwell. 

Dec.  Jl.  E.  Knapman,  jun.  esq.  of 
Lamb's  Conduit-at.  for  2l>  years  one  of 
bis  Majesty's  Hon.  Cor])B  of  Gentlemen 
at  .Arms. 

Ztec.  12.  In  Bemard-«t.  T.  Hudson, 
etq. 

Dec*  13.  At  Westniiuster,  Samuel 
Hawtajne  Lewin,  esq.  of  Louse,  Kent. 

Dee.  14.  At  Walworth,  Mr.  Robert 
Smith,  many  years  a  Common  Coundl- 
inan  for  the  Ward  ol  Tower. 

At  Keniiiiigton,  aged  77,  Wm.  Hoi- 
mer,  esq. 

In  Burlington-street,  Alra.  S.  Gray, 
eldest  sister  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Bri>itol. 

Dec.  16.  At  Stamfurd-bili,  aged  54, 
Mr.  Adc7  Bellamy  Savory,  goldsmith,  of 
Combill. 

BEOFoaa — -Vf/r.  21.  At  Bedford, aged 
01,  Soubia,  wife  of  Catit.  Wm.  W.  Kootc, 
R.N. 

jMtet^ At  Bedford,  aged  8B,  Pere. 

grine  Nash,  esq.  Alderman. 

BcuKS.— 6u.  3D.  At  Sandhurst,  aged 


;aby- 

18,  Jani»,  Bon  of  Ute  Major-Qen.  Ilarc' 
student  in  the  Ruyal  Military  college. 

Nov  22.  At  Sireatley,  aged  76,  Mar- 
tha, widow  of  the  Rev.  Alex.  Litchfield, 
Vicar  of  Wadhurst,  Sussex,  and  Rector 
of  Noke,  Oxfordshire. 

iMtdy. — Catharine,  widow  of  the  Rev. 
Arehtr  Thompson,  Vicar  of  ThatcUam. 

.At  Windsor  Castle,  aged  74,  Lieut. 
Barber,  one  of  the  Alilhary  Knit^hts. 

Aged  4'%!,  Mr.  John  Lamball  Dewe,an 
Alderman  of  Reading. 

Aged  fK),  Jime,  widow  of  Tbo,  Glccd, 
esq.  Alderman  of  Reading. 

l>ec.  1.  At  Wiiiklield,  Agnes,  wife  of 
Rich.  Harnson,  esq.  of  Wolverton, 

Dec.  IH.  At  Donnington,  aged  86, 
Charles  Soutbby,.  esq. 

Bkkwjck. — Nov.  Hv  At  Bcn^'iek,  aged 
31,  John  Hill,  esq.  Collector  of  Customs 
at  Lbat  Port.  He  was  a  nati%'e  of  Wis- 
beeb,  and  previously  to  his  appointment 
at  Berwick  wai;  comptroller  of  that  port. 

BircKS. — At  Great  lliirlow,  Hyjiatio, 
youngest  dau,  of  late  Rev,  L,  Evans, 
Vicar  of  Froxfit-ld,  Wilts,  and  niece  to 
the  Rev.  A.  B.  Evans,  of  Gloucc^ater. 

At  Buckingham,  aged  87,  Job  Ro. 
berts,  esq, 

CAMBamaE. — Sov.  5.  Sarah,  wife  of 
Tbo.  FishtT,  esq.  banker,  of  Cambridge. 

Nov.  19.  At  Cambridge,  aged  18,  Rich. 
Dreyer  Rcevef  esq.  Student  uf  Trinity 
college,  only  son  of  late  Rich.  Reeve, 
e«q.  M.D.  of  Nonvich. 

Xov.  W.  Emily,  wife  of  W.  J.  A. 
Abington,  esq.  barrister-at-law. 

Nm.  22.  Aged  20.  Mr.  W.  G.  Stone- 
hou!te,  student  of  St.  John's  college,  and 
only  son  of  Mr.  J.  S.  Stonebouse,  of 
Manchesler. 

.\'m>,  28.  Uenzil  Tho.  C^impbell  New- 
man, Pensioner  of  St.  John's  college, 
Bon  uf  the  Rev.  John  Newman,  Vitar  of 
Wit  ham,  Essex. 

CHKhHiUK. — Xov.  13.  At  Dukinfield. 
aged  61s  Wm.  Hanipson.esq.  a  Jtjstn.-e  of 
the  Peace  for  the  countiea  of  Chester, 
Lancaster,  and  York. 

.Vt)v.  25.  At  Chester,  aged  81,  Ann, 
wife  of  Rich.  LIvvyd,  esq,  formerly  of 
Beaumaris,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Alderman 
Bingley. 

A'mi.  28.  At  her  son's,  in  Kntitsford, 
aged  77,  Mrs.  Musgrave,  sister  to  Rev. 
Robert  Wilkinson,  Heath,  near  Halifax. 

CoRNWAt.f.. — \ov.  29.  John  Duiistan, 
esq.  of  Falmouth,  a  misi>r,  leaving  land- 
ed, hotuifhold,  and  other  pro|>erty,  to  the 
amount  of  nearly  (kl.tXN)/. 

Devon. — Sept.  la.  At  Stoke,  near 
Devonport,  Maria,  relict  of  Lieut.- Col. 
Henry  Haidane,  of  the  Ro)'al  Invalid 
Engineers. 

Sepl.  30.  At  the  hotue  of  her  nephew 


1835.] 


Obituary. 


107 


the  Rev.  Arthur  Gruebcr,  Vicar  of  Cole- 
mml^  Jane,  widow  of  Sir  Humphry  May, 
of  May-park,  co.  Waterford,  liurt. 

Nn.  17.  At  Lympston,  aged  88,  the 
widow  of  (Vands  Hooker,  esq.  dau.  of 
the  late  Rev.  W.  Jervis,  of  Ipswich. 

Nov.  22.    At  Exeter,  aged  72,  Anna 
Alicia,  widow  of  Capt.  Geo.  B.  Salt, 
.  R.N.,  and  dau.  of  the  late  Adm.  Fitz- 
liertiert. 

Lately. — Suddenly,  whilst  hunting,  aged 
M,  J.  Bovey,  esq.  of  Pear  Tree,  near 
Ashburton. 

At  Haslar  hospital,  aged  27,  Mr.  J. 
Dowers,  first  Mate  of  the  revenue  cutter, 
son  of  Capt.  P.  Dowers,  R.N. 

At  Sidmouth,  aged  8G,  Airs.  H.  £. 
Slessor,  widow  of  Gen.  Slessor. 

Dec.  1.  At  Axminstcr,  Col.  Robert 
Hetzler,  C.B.,  Bengal  Art. 

Dee.  4.  At  Paracombe,  aged  2K  Ellen 
Isabella,  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  Pyke, 
A.&L  Rector. 

DoBBET. — A'ov.21.  At  Dorchester,  Jo- 
shua Hyde,  cs<i.  youngest  son  of  late  J. 
Hyde,  esq.  of  Hvde-end,  Berks. 

Dee.  1.  Wm.  Pitt,  esq.  of  Oigaiiford, 
•  magistrate  for  the  county. 

Dec  15.  At  Dorchester,  John  Willis, 
esq.  a  Deputy  Lieut,  fur  the  County,  and 
formerly  a  Capt.  in  the  Dorset  Militia. 

Essex.— A'ow.  17.  Aged6(j,  Mr.  Logan, 
surgeon,  one  of  the  Capital  I3urgesses  of 
Harwich. 

A'op.  21.  Aged  74,  Mary,  wife  of  Ro- 
bert Tweed,  esq.  of  South-house,  Bishop 
Stortford,  formerly  a  surgeon  at  Chelms- 
fwrd. 

Dee,  l.'i.  Aged  52,  Christiana,  wife  of 
the  Rev.  J.  W.  Niblock,  D.l).  F.S.A. 
of  Clay-hill,  Walthumstow,  youngest  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  E.  Spencer,  late  Rittor  of 
Winkficld,  Wilts. 

Dec.  14.  At  Upton,  aged  86,  Sanger 
Spence,  en\. 

Gloucestkr yov.  19.     At  C'iifton, 

aged  58,  Richard  Jenkins,  esq.  of  Bcach- 
ly-lodge. 

Aw.  20.  Aged  68,  Wm.  Morris,  esq. 
of  Seven hampton -court. 

\ov.  21.  At  (,'lilton,  Muria,  widow  of 
Rev.  John  M.  Hazeiand,  Rector  of  Big- 
bury,  Devon. 

yov.  2t.  At  Clifton,  Harriet,  wife  of 
Wm.  Shcppard,  e.sq. 

At  Tewkesbury,  Mr.  Wm.  Shakspcare 
Hart,  the  seventh  descendant  from  our 
immortal  bard. 

A'w.30.  In  Bristol,  aged  82,  Surah, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  Richard  2klosely,  of 
Grittleton,  Wilts. 

Latily.  At  Cheltenham,  Edvv.  Holmes, 
esq.  M.D.,  only  burviving  bon  of  T.  B. 
Holmes,  esq. 


At  Heaihfield-house,  Cromhall,  aged 
68,  Wm.  Dyer,  esq. 

At  Cirencester,  aged  39,  Mr.  Thomas 
Beverley,  late  of  Brompton,  near  Scarbo- 
rough, an  able  mathematician  and  astro- 
nomer. 

At  Gloucester,  at  the  advanced  age  of 
109,  Eliz.  Yates,  widow.  AVith  the  ex- 
ception of  her  hearing,  she  was  in  the  full 
enjoyment  of  her  faculMes. 

Dec.  6.  At  Bourton-on-the- Water, 
aged  74v  Frances,  widow  of  J.  Rice,  esq. 

Dec.  1 2.  At  Clifton,  the  widow  of  John 
Thring,  esq.  of  Alford-house,  Som. 

Hants. — ftct.  15.  At  Portsea,  Lieut. 
Henry  Lyte,  R.M.  (1779),  senior  on  the 
retired  half-imy  list. 

(kt.  21.  At  Tichficld.  aged  66,  Capt. 
Da\id  Colby,  R.N.  He  lost  his  right 
arm,  when  first  Lieut,  of  the  Robust,  in 
the  action  with  la  Hoche,  off  Tory  Island, 
Oct.  12,  1706,  for  which  he  was  made  a 
Commander;  he  subsequently  command- 
ed the  Dido,  was  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Post  Captain  in  April  1802;  and 
was  afterwards  Flag  Captain  to  Sir  Ed- 
ward Thornbrough. 

IM.'Sa.  At  Appleshaw,aged79,  Licut.- 
Col.  George  Duke.  1  fe  was  appointed 
Ensign  33d  foot  in  1773,  Lieut.  1775, 
was  actively  employed  in  North  America 
in  1777-9,  Capt.26tb  foot  1779,  served 
in  Canada  from  1788  to  1799,  brevet 
Major  1793,  Lieut.-Col.  1795,  half.pay 
of  65th  regt.  179a  In  1803  he  was  ap- 
pointed"  bu  Inspecting  Field- Officer  of 
Yeomanry  and  Volunteer  Corps  in  the 
South-west  district. 

iMtely. —  At  Gosport,  aged  85,  the 
widow  of  W.  Page,  esq.  merchant,  mo- 
ther of  the  late  Lady  Astley,  wife  of  Sir 
J.  D.  Astley,  M.P.,  and  grandmother  of 
the  Visi'ouutess  Tonington. 

Xov.  23.  At  Lymington,  Edw.  Barnes 
Watson,  esq.  R.N. 

AVv.  26.  By  a  fall  when  hunting  in  the 
New  Forest,  by  which  he  dislocated  his 
neck,  aged  53,  the  Rt.  Hon.  John  Lv- 
saght,  third  Buron  Lisle  of  Mountnortu, 
CO.  Cork.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
John  2d  Lord  Lisle,  by  Marianne,  dau. 
of  George  Connor,  esq.  and  succeeded  to 
the  title  Oct.  19,  1 8 15.  He  married 
Sept.  li,  1H09,  Sarah,  eldest  dau.  of 
Wm.  Gibb,  esq.  of  Inveniess,  by  whom 
he  had  no  issue ;  and  is  succeeded  by  his 
only  brother,  Geoi^e,  who  has  a  numer- 
ous family. 

\in:  27.  At  Thite-hill,  Isle  of  Wight, 
aged  75,  Mary,  widow  of  J.  Popham,  esq. 

Hkkts.  — -Vov.  26.  --^t  Rotswell- 
house,  aged  41,  Henrj'  Hunt,  of  Lowoc 
Brook-st.  esq.,  an  eminent  medical  prac- 
titioner. 


lOS 


Obituaby. 


[Jan. 


Lauly. — AtrStudBkinJodge,  oged  95^ 
Uurrict,  relict  of  G.  Goodwin,  esq. 

Dix.i.  At  the  Pursotiage,  Hatfield, 
ugeiJ  79,  the  widow  of  Kev.  V.  GratrtbiHii, 
\).  D.  Rfctor  ot  C)deU,  Ueds.  uml  \'iciir 
«f  Scawby,  Line. 

Hr-a£FQHO. — Lately.  At  Hereford> 
Mr.  Chus.  Lechincro,  youitgcst  Bori  of 
llie  Lte  J.  S.  Lechmere,  esq.  of  Fowu- 
bopc  Court. 

JoLd  Scudamore  Lecbmcre  Patesbiill, 
esq.  (iurgeon,  oti:  of  tbc  Seniur  JVleuibers 
of  the  Corporal i<jn  of  Hereford. 

At  Titley,  Ele&nor  Pnce,  a  poor 
widow,  aged  lOti. 

At  Upl»idoii  Court,  aged  76,  G.  JVlayo, 
tsq. 

in  Hereford,  tbe  widow  of  Capt. 
Aveliue,  dih  Nnt.  Madnu  iut 

Dec,  3.  R.  J.  Powdl,  esq.  of  Ilinion, 
Cluuxman  of  the  (Quarter  Seitsioiia  fur 
tbe  County,  uiid  JJepucy  Steward  of  tbe 
city  of  Hereford. 

iJuNTiNCUON  — Nov.  7,  At  Hunting- 
dot!,  aged  81,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Slow,  eldet>( 
dau.  of  Mr.  Robert  Slow,  many  ycaTB  an 
Alderman,  and  bister  to  tbe  tttte  Cbarlc» 
Stow,  esq. 

KE.ST SepL  1.  At  Canterbury,  En- 
sign Maqjiregor,  4tith  foot. 

Littriy.  At  UateabUl,  near  Canterbury, 
aged  7.^  R.  L.  Uattuii,  €t>q. 

At  (io«lmaa8tone  Rectory,  Alorguret, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Goodenougb. 

At  Ctuiterliury,  age*i  72,  Major- Ge- 
nerid  George  Ramaaj,  Co!.  Commaiiiluiit 
of  tbe  lib  BttttalioD  of  tbe  Ruyul  Artil- 
lery. He  was  appuint*'d  lid  Lieut.  1780, 
First  Lieut.  17 BJ,  Capt. -Lieut.  171>K 
Capt.  17JH  Alajor  l«Ua,  Lieut.- Col. 
IKMJ,  Colonel  \Hi^  Major- General  lb2L 
»iul  Colonel  Coiumaudaut  lyiU'i,  on  tbe 
death  of  the  bite  Gen.  Cup{>uge. 

Nn,  17.  Agoes,  wife  ut  the  Rev. 
Robt.  Wilberforce,  Vicar  of  East  Ir'ar- 
leigli,  dau.  of  the  Vecu  Atclidetkcott 
Wrangham. 

Sov.  'A).  At  Bromley,  Bury  Hut- 
chinfcon,  esq.  o\  Russcll-sijuarc,  Clerk  of 
tbe  UntiJlcrb"  Company.  He  was  eon  of 
tbe  Uu;  Mr.  Jiury  HutcbinsMi,  ubo  waa 
al«o  CiKrit  to  tbe  Companies  ai  JBrcwcrs 
and  Lcatherseller*. 

Lancashire. —Jm/^....  At  Liver- 
pool, Air.  S.  Austin,  tbe  wuter -colour 
Painter.  He  particularly  excelled  in 
birds,  &C.  Tbe  Corpurutiun  of  Livcr})ool 
have  voted  tbe  widow  a  prcisint  of  IIX)/, 

A'tm.  14.  At  the  Atylura.  Newton 
Ueath,  aged  U4v  J.  Percival,  esq.  of 
Wiguv  the  Uat  survivor,  mivc  one,  of  tbe 
BOatWieicnt  and  weailby  faimlies  of 
Perdvalof  Royston,  AUerloti,  and  Wigui. 

AW.  \o.  AgcdO-K  John  Chundcy,  tjsq. 

tiiiv.  ^ui.     lluwkiid  Dctroftiet,  of  Man- 


chester, Se3e5iry'T6~tfie  late  National 
Political  L'niort.  Hi^  profession  was 
that  of  a  public  lecturer.  He  directed 
his  remains  to  be  devoted  to  tbepurpoties 
of  science. 

Dec.  ^,  Aged  S2,  Jonathan  Peel,  esq. 
of  Accrf^i^oii  lluusc,  uncle  of  tbe  flight 
Hon.  Sir  H.  Peel,  Burt.  He  wa^  twice 
married,  and  has  left  a  numerous  family. 

LKictsTKtt. — A'oT).  10.  At  Hidluton, 
aged  bO,  Mrs.  Ann  Stevenit. 

LuUly.  At  Leicester,  aged  40,  Lieut. 
E.  W.Scott.  R.N.  tlbl5j. 

Lincoln. — .Voi'.  8.  At  Stockwith, 
near  Gainsborough,  aged  82,  Charles 
Herasworth,  esq. 

i\ov.  21.  At  Grimsby,  aged  63,  Mr. 
John  Joys,  Alderinuri. 

Latelif.  At  Giunsborougb,  Tbouuu 
AVaterhotise  Kayc,  esq.  Iiarristfir,  of  tba 
ALddle  ieuiple. 

Mu)DL£a£X. — A'ov.  iH).  At  Bury- 
haltj  aged  77,  the  widow  of  Wni.  Gre- 
gory IViliiams,  esq.  of  ileinpstone-hall, 
Notts. 

Dec.  3.  At  Twickenham,  Eliza,  the 
wife  of  Dr.  Probyn,  M.D. 

Dec.  9.  At  Great  Ealing,  agivi  65, 
Mary,  widow  of  tbe  iate  Joseph  Wilks, 
esq.  of  Westerbam. 

Dec.  17.  At  Copl  Hall,  Hendon, 
C'ucharine-Claike,  widosv  of  Thouius 
NieoU,  esq.  Lieut  -Col.  70tb  reg. 

NottKJLii Se^t.  28.    At  Dersingbaffl, 

aged  61,  tbe  widow  of  the  Rev.  Johji 
Brett,  Rector  of  Grimtttoiie. 

Xsni.  II.  Aged  SJi,  T.  Up  wood,  c«q. 
of  Levell  Terrington,  St.  Clement's. 

Aoi'.  17.  At  Kyburgh  Parsotuige, 
aged  ()8,  Lydia,  mdow  ot  John  Hodges, 
esq.  of  Antigua. 

Dec.  5.  At  Norwich^  W.  Simpson, 
esq.  a  magistnite,  aud  muny  years  Trea- 
surer of  tbe  county,  and  Clerk  of  the 
Peace  of  the  city  ol  Norwich. 

NouTiiAMi^oN Oct.  '6.     At  Pcter- 

borougb,  aged  84,  V\'illiam  Rowles,  esq. 

AVu .  U.  Ikliuia  Capes,  late  of  ShrubU 
Lodge,  Whittlewood  Forest. 

A  u; ..  2 1 .  Aged  47,  Pete  r  \Vm .  Henry 
Hicka,  csq^.  ot  Nortbainptoii,  soUator, 
fourth  son  of  tbe  kte  Adm.  Hicks,  of 
Stoke  Gabncl. 

Lately.  Aged  73,  H.  AL  Lyte,  Esq. 
lite  Cnptain  and  Paymaster  of  the  North- 
ampton i'encibles. 

At  Northampton,  aged  U),  Airs.  Mary 
Tbyppson,  sister  of  the  late  W.  Tbomp- 
son,  esq.  of  CirencL'^ter. 

OxiouD. — A'to.  y.  At  Oxford,  Grace, 
youngest  sister  of  tbe  late  Dr.  Williams, 
Professor  of  BoLiny. 

Aw.  16.  Aged  2J,  Edward  Cham- 
pion Strcittilpld,  c»q.  Commoner  of  St. 
Johti'i  College. 


1835] 


Obituary. 


109 


iMtdy.  Jane,  wife  of  the  Rev.  James 
Hawkins,  Rector  of  Duoklington. 

Aged  78,  Ricbwd  Cox,  esq.  senior 
AMmnan  of  Oxford. 

Salop — At  Seacombe,  Henry  Eu- 
phrates, 3d  son  of  the  late  J.  Mytton, 
esq. 

The  widow  of  T.  Yate,  esq.  of  Made> 
ley.baU. 

Kov.  23.  Anne-Barbara,  wife  of  tbe 
Rer.  Cbas.  Wbitmore,  Rector  of  Stock, 
too,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Thos.  Gifford, 
esq.,  of  Chillington,  Staff. 

SoHXRSBT. — Nov.  19.  At  Combe 
House,  near  Dulverton,  aged  75,  John 
STdenbam,  esq. 

'  Nm.  23.  At  Taunton,  tbe  lady  of  Sir 
Robert  Seiqnngs,  Knt. 

Nov.  25.  At  Dr.  Blake'a,  Taunton, 
the  widow  of  tbe  Rev.  Wm.  Bkke,  ci 
Crewkemfi. 

At  Bath,  Anne^  widow  of  Wm.  Bayley, 
eaq^of  ShiffiuL 

Noo.  2&  Aged  71,  Edw.  Hippesley, 
esq.,  of  Cbewton  Mendip. 

Noo.  27.  At  Fairfield,  in  her  5th  ^ear, 
Fnuices  Elisabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  P. 
P.  F.  P.  Adand,  Bart. 

iVbv.  28.  At  Bath,  aged  58,  Roger 
Peter  Western,  esq. 

Nov.  . .  At  Wincanton,  aged  59,  Geo. 
Measiter,  esq.     He  was  honoured  with  a 

Eublic  faneral  on  tbe  2nd  Dec.,  attended 
y  most  of  tbe  gentry  and  rlei^  of  the 
neighbourhood.  Tbe  pall-bcarers  were. 
Lord  Weymouth,  the  Right  Hon.  H. 
Hobhouse,  Sir  Alexander  Hood,  Jas. 
Bennett,  esq..  Rev.  Paul  Leir,  and  T. 
S.  Bulward,  esq. 

Lately.  At  Batb,  Ralph  Carr,  esq.,  of 
Cocken.  Durham. 

At  Bath,  aged  80,  Mrs.  Admiral  Gol- 
desborough. 

At  llminster,  R.  Bryant,  esq.,  many 
rears  Captain  of  the  llminster  Troop  of 
Yeomaiuy. 

At  Winscombe-court.  aged  78,  Eliza- 
beth, relict  of  J.  Merest,  esq.,  of  Sobam, 
Camb. 

At  Bath,  John  Heley,  esq.,  late  Capt. 
and  Adjutantof  the  1st  Somerset  Militia. 

Dee.  1.  At  Mells,  aged  72,  Thomas 
Allen,  esq.,  a  highly  respectable  medical 
practitioner  for  more  thaji  half  a  century 
a^  Melts,  his  native  place. 

Dec.  3.  At  Churchill,  aged  82,  tbe 
widow  of  the  Rev.  Jas.  Jones,  Rector  of 
Shipbam  and  Curate  of  Churchill. 

Dec.  5.  Aged  82,  Mr.  Henry  Edw. 
Howse,  of  Lyncombe,  formerly  Cham- 
berlain of  Bath. 

Dec.  14.  At  Bath,  Susan,  wife  of 
Samuel  Kelson,  esq. 

Dec.  16.     At  Bath,  Martha,  widow  of 


the  Rev.  A.  A.  Bruce,  Rector  of  Soutbel- 
maire,  Suffolk. 

Suffolk. — Nov.  2.  In  the  75th  year 
of  his  age,  Thomas  Wilkinson,  esq.,  of 
Walshara-le-  Willows. 

Nov.  18.  Aged  66,  John  Cotton,  esq., 
of  Weybread,  one  of  the  Commissioners  of 
Land  and  Assessed  Taxes  for  the  Hun- 
dred  of  Hoxnc. 

Nov.  19.  At  Bury,  Mary,  widow  of 
Wm.  Dawson,  esq,  sister  of  the  late 
Thomas  Mills,  of  Great  Saxham  Hall. 

iVbv.  30.  At  Ipswich,  Eliza>  Herbert, 
wife  of  Vice-Adm.  Page,  only  child  of 
Governor  John  Herbert,  of  E.  I.  Co.'? 
Service. 

Lately.  At  Bungay,  aged  105,  Anne 
Chaulker,  match-eeller  and  Christmas 
carol  singer.  She  enjoyed  excellent  health 
until  within  two  days  of  her  death,  and 
the  day  previous  she  lifted  and  carried  half 
a  bushel  of  coals  home  from  the  Staith. 

SuaajEY.— JViw.  15.  At  Sheen,  W. 
Brennand,  esq.  of  New  Broad-st. 

Nov.  26.  At  Thames  Ditton,  aged  68, 
Mr.  L.  B.  Seeley,  of  Fleet-street,  book- 
seller. 

Dee.  5.  W.  Phillips,  esq.,  of  Dork- 
ing, formerly  of  Little  Tower-bill. 

Lately.  At  Richmond,  Henry,  eldest 
son  of  Sir  H.  R.  Calden,  Bart. 

Sussex.— Oc^  6.  At  Hastings,  ag^ 
13,  Mary  Elizabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the 
Rev.  J.  Cumming,  Professor  of  Che- 
mistry at  Cambridge. 

Oct.  27.  At  Worthing,  Lieut.- Col. 
Leeds  Booth,  of  Notting-hill  square. 

Nov  2.  At  Hastings,  aged  68,  Vin- 
cent Francis  Rivuz,  esq.  for  many  years 
partner  of  the  late  John  Julius  Anger- 
.stuin,  esq.  of  Lloyd's  Coifcc-house ;  father- 
in-law  of  tbe  Rev.  Baden  Powell,  of 
Oxford. 

Lately.  At  Iford,  near  Lewes,  aged 
43,  H.  Tweed,  esq.  of  Romford. 

At  Brighton,  Mio  Fanny,  eldest  dau. 
of  W.  O.  Gore,  esq.,  of  Porkington- 

At  MarkJy,  John  Darby,  esq.  of  Leap 
Castle. 

Itec.  6.  At  an  advanced  age,  John 
Woods,  esq  of  Chilgrove,  an  old  and  re- 
spected Magistrate  for  Sussex. 

Dec.S.  At  the  Deanery-house,  Chi- 
chester, Harriet,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Atkins,  of  Shidfield-house,  Hants,  and 
sister  of  tbe  Dean  of  Chichester. 

Wilts. — Lately.  At  Salisbury,  aged 
81,  Giles  Loder,  esq.  an  Alderman  of 
that  city. 

Dec.  2.  At  Rowde,  near  Devizes,  Mrs. 
Gale,  only  surviving  sister  of  the  late 
John  Gale,  esq.  of  Stert. 

Dec.  16.  At  Chippenham,  aged  92, 
West  Hill,  esq.  M.D. 


110 


OBlTUARy. 


[Jan. 


I 


WouciiBTEU. — X<n:  5.  At  H«imj>ton, 
aged  b'i,  Lieut.  Rubert  Preedy,  H.  P. 
A9th  Foot.,  yuiingest  M)!!  of  tbe  bte  Wm. 
Preedy,  esq. 

Nov.  23.  Aged  5\,  Ann,  wife  of  Tho- 
inii8  Leoiiunl,  estj.  Mayor  ot  IVorcvster. 

JJec.  19.  At  Len-ball,  Vurriley.  wiihin 
at'evf  i\ayf>  of  i'U[ii[JftiiiK  hi!>  hiirii  yeur, 
John  lilouiit,  esq.  a  Junticc  uf  the  Peace 
for  tbe  comitj'.  He  Mas|or  inaiiy  yciirs  u 
medicitl  practitioner  in  Binnirigkaro,  where 
his  exteu&ive  litemry  uttainment.s,  umiable 
disposition,  nnd  grrat  urbaaity  uf  mniitiers, 
acquired  for  him  the  esteem  and  ulfection 
of  A  rary  extensive  acquaintance. 

YoJiK  — Oct.  27.  At  Binglcy,  suddenJy, 
when  dining  with  Major  Farrand,  uged 
65,  Tho.  Athor]ie,  esq.  of  the  IJatch, 
neiii'  Windsor,  lute  the  Lieut.- Colonel  of 
Uorse  Guaid*  (Blue). 

Nov.  Id.  At  Hipon,  iiged  4(5,  J.  Moore 
Bosnian,  esq.  surgeon.  Mayor  of  that 
borough,  and  a  immher  of  the  (Corpora- 
tion lor  more  ihun  "M  years.  The  death 
of  a  mayor  hB.<i  not  occumd  in  Ripoti 
since  the  year  Itis!?. 

Auv.  2L  At  Sheffield,  aged  7&,  James 
Furi^h,  et>q.  late  a  Mirgeon  iti  Cambridge. 

Lately. —  Aged  64,  Robin!»oii  t'hippen- 
dale,  bunker,  of  Skipton. 

Walls. — Srpi.  15J.  At  Holyland,  Pcmb. 
Lt-Gen  Aditros,  EI  €. 

Near  LaugLurne,  Carrnarlhenjihire, 
David  John,  uged  I (10.  l-fe  could  read 
his  Bible  wtlbuut  gluNses  to  the  last. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Llewelyn,  of  V'urlong- 
bouse,  near  Cowbridge,  2nd  dim.  of  tiie 
late  Sir  Robert  Baker,  Bart,  of  Kich- 
mond,  Surrey. 

Rich.  Whitcombe,  esq.  barrister,  of  the 
South  Welsh  t^ircuit. 

KiA'  18.  At  RLiwlas,  co.  ^lerionetb, 
aged  bl,  Framits,  wife  of  Rich.  Waikin 
Price,  esq.  2nd  dau.  of  the  late  JoLji 
Lloyd,  of  Berth,  co.  Denbigh. 

A  Of  5J3.  John  Henry  Mostyn^  surgeon, 
Holywell,  2nd  son  of  tbe  late  Samuel 
Alo<^tATi,  etiq.  of  Calcot-halt,  in  the  county 
of  1' tint. 

JJec.  3.  At  Milford  Haven,  Charles 
TeMiicr  Lewis,  esq.  brother  to  Capl.  T, 
Lovke  Lewis,  of  Exeter.  His  death 
was  eaused  by  the  accidental  discharge  of 
his  gun,  vvbicb  scveiely  frarturcd  his  arm. 

Dec.  l\.  Aged  36,  William  Oakeley, 
esq  of  (Jlanmliiam,  Merionethshire,  HA 
surviving  son  of  tbe  late  Sir  Charles 
Oakeley,  Bart. 

Scotland, — Ja/y  23.  At  Gla.<igow, 
Lt..Col.  Kirkhind,  h.  p.  80th  foot. 

.iue.   i3.     At  Invercfck  manse,    CoL 

Fran.i'LUip  Stewart,  of  E.  1.  C  M-rvire. 

Sr-pt.  I.  At  Cuniisky,   near   Fort  Wi|. 

ii^^i.  C'apt.  W.  Cuincnin,  h.  p.  7i)th  loot. 

jMieltf.     At   Eglingtoii    Castle,    M. 


Bison,  pnnci[>al  cook  to  Lord  Eglington. 
He  iiiled  tbe  situation  of  cook  to  Na. 
[loIeoTi,  whom  be  accompanied  to  Mos- 
cow, and  was  afterwards  cook  to  George 
the  Fourth. 

At  Ediitburch,  Lieut.- Col.  DougLis, 
late  of  5Hch  foot. 

At  Linelisb,  J.  Grant,  esq.,  brother  of 
the  late  Sir  Maxwell  (Jmnl. 

At  Edinburgh,  Mr.  Alex.  Maclean, 
hairdresser  and  pcrlumcr,  who  has  be- 
queathed to  the  mtitisters  and  elders  of 
St.  Andrew's  [jurisb,  J,tHHJf.,  to  found 
and  endow  u  school  ott  a  piuu  iiinilur  to 
the  parish  schools  of  8t.  George's  and 
St.  Mary's. 

Oct.  6.  At  Dumbarton,  aged  (>3,  Wil- 
liaiu  !Muther,  etiq.,  of  Haniilton. 

.Votr.  5.  At  Findra^sia-house,  Col.  A. 
Gram,  C.B.  of  tbe  Hon.  E.  !.  C.  ser- 
vice,  known  for  bib  giillant  conduct  in  tbe 
field,  especially  at  the  battle  ot  Assaye, 

.Xoi:  U.  At  Steino,  in  the  Isle  of 
SUie,aCnn  advanced  age,  Mrs.  Mac  Leod, 
widow  of  Major  Alac  Leod,  only  sun'iv- 
ing  daughter  uf  tbe  retebratcd  Flora  and 
Capt.  Allan  ilaedonald,  of  the  Blib 
Regt.,  and  nihtcr  of  the  late  Lieut- Col. 
Mncdoiiiild,  of  Exeter. 

AW2f.i.  At  Aberdeen.  Helen,  wife  of 
Paul  Tatlock,  esq,  of  Fpper  Gower-st. 

/.atilu.  At  Ldiiiburgii,  Dr.  David 
Scott,  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Orientid 
languages  in  the  University  of  St.  An- 
drew. 

JuLLAKD— .-/w^  It.  At  Dublin,  Lt.- 
Col.  Read,  h.  p,  ith  West  India  Regt. 

^■fuff.  Si;l.     At.  Dublin,   George   Pent- 
land,  uf  Bliick  hall,  i-ounly  gf  Loiitb,  esq. 
At  Dublin,  Ensign  Atkinson,  4-7th  ft. 
.^uff.  2i.     Henry  Augustine  Langley, 
of  Bnttas  Castle,  county  Tipperury,  esq. 
late  Captain  <jtb  Dragoon  fiuards. 

^iHg.'id.  At  Kinsale,  Anna,  relict  of 
John  Dennis  Hussey,  esq. 

Srjtt.  30.  At  Dublin,  aged  32.,  Hannah, 
sister  of  tbe  Hev.  Dr.  Hewsun,  of 
Sunn  sea. 

(M.  17.  At  Stophen<itown,co.  Louth, 
where  she  Imd  resided  for  tbe  last  17 
years,  aged  7ii!,  Agnes,  wife  of  William 
Gait,  contidential  inunager  tu  Matthew 
F'ortescue,  esq.,  the  eldest  sister  of  Ro- 
bert Burns,  the  celebrated  Ayrshire  poet. 
A'ev.  22.  At  l>ublin,  Molcsworth 
Greene,  esq  ,  solicitor,  and  for  many  years 
Town  Clerk  of  Dublin. 

Xov.  go.  At  Atblone,  in  his  IJHh 
year,  Wm.  John  Kerr,  of  ttie  1st  Inf., 
son  of  the  late  Wn».  Drury  Kerr,  esq.,  of 
the  Civil  Service,  UenpU. 

luticli/.  At  Entield,  wile  of  Rev.  Rich. 
Rvaji,  ^'ieai  of  Ralhcar,  dau.  uf  hite  J. 
(riffard.  '■"({ 

C.  L.  W    Fitzgerald,  esq.,  eldest  son  of 


I 


1835.]         Bill  of  Mortality.— Markels.—Price  of  Shares. 


Lt-Col.  T.  G,  Fitzgerald,  of  Oakland, 
ca  Mayo,  and  Maperton  House,  So- 
mereet. 

At  Ranelagh,  near  Dublin,  Mr.  John 
Jas.  M'Gr^or,  Author  of  a  History  of 
the  French  Revolution,  in  several  vo- 
lumes; of  Stories  from  the  History  of 
Ireland,  in  the  manner  of  Sir  Walter 
Scotfs  Tales  of  a  Grandfiither;  and. 
jointly  with  the  R«v.  P.  Fitzgerald,  of  a 
History  of  the  County  of  Limerick,  in 
two  vols.  8vo. 

At  Fisher's  Lodge,  Clare,  W.  Gavin, 


111 


esq.,  late  of  71st  Rest ,  in  which  he  served 
during  the  Peninsular  vrar,  and  at  Wa- 
terloo. 

At  Westport,  of  cholera,  Capt.  J. 
Jefferies,  commanding  the  Dolphin  re- 
venue cutter. 

At  Desart,  co.  Cork,  Lieutenant  D. 
M'Daniel,  late  of  67th  Regt. 

At  Bann,  Capt.  G.  Pringle,  R.N. 
(1814.) 

Jane,  wife  of  L.  Bolton,  esq.,  of  Monks- 
town  Castle,  CO.  Dublin,  and  of  Imperial 
Lodge,  Cheltenham. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Nov.  19  to  Dec.  2.%  1834k 


Christened. 
Males       J7I4 
Females  1730 


jawt 


Buried. 
Males       1455)9070 
Females.  1515  S 


Whereof  have  died  stillborn  and  under 
two  years  old 782 


cq 


2  and  5  3U 
5  and  10  132 
10  and  20  121 

,20  and  30  178 
3U  and  40  241 

-40  and  50  285 


50  and  60  267 
60  and  70  268 
70  and  80  235 
80  and  90  97 
90  and  100  20 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  r^ulated,  Dec. 26. 

Peas. 

$.  a. 

42    7 
PRICE  OF  HOPS,  percwt.  Dec.  22, 


Wheat 

Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

(.    d. 

9.    d. 

:     d. 

1.    d. 

«.    d. 

42    0 

32    5 

22    2 

32    10 

38    4 

Famham  (seconds)  OL    0*.  to  01.  Ot. 

Kent  Pockets 4/.  10«.  to  5/.  0<. 

Sussex iL    6t.  to  4/.  15r. 

Essex 4/.  15s.   to  81.  6t. 


Kent  Bags 4/.  4*.  to  51.  Os. 

Sussex .'...01.  0$.  to  01.  0*. 

Essex 0/.  Ot.  to  0/.  Oi. 

Furnbam  (.fine) OL  0«.  to  0/.  0«. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Dec.  27, 
Smithfield,  Hay,  3/.  15».  to5/.0# — Straw,  l/.8».to  1/.  14*.— Clover,  4/.  10*.  to5/.5r. 

SMITHFIELD,  Dec.  22.    To  sink  the  OflTal— per  stone  of  81b8. 
Beef. 2#.     6d.  to  3m.     6d.     Lamb  0$.  Od.  to  Ot.Od, 


Mutton 2s. 

Veal 2j 

Pork 2s 


6d. 

to  3s. 

6d. 

8d. 

to  4s. 

Od. 

6d. 

to  is. 

Od. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Dec.  24: 

Beasts 1,167     Cnlves    90 

Sheep  &  Lambs  8,740     Pigs     410 

COAL  MARKET,  Dec.  26, 

Walls  Ends,  from  18f.  Od.  to  22«.  9d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  15t.  6d.  to  20«.  OdL 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  46*.  Od.     Yellow  Russia,  42*;  Od. 

SOAP.— Yellow,  62*.     Mottled,  70*.   Curd,  72*. 

CANDLES,  7*.  Od.  per  doz.     Moulds,  8*.  6d. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 
23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,   237. Ellesmore  and  Chester,  86 Grand   Junction, 

245. Kennet  and  Avon,  2-ii. Leeds  and  Liverpool,  530. Regent's,  17. 

— Rocbdale,  122. London  Doik  Stock.  5ti. St.  Katharine's,  66i. West 

India,  97. Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  198. Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  58. West  Middlesex,  79^. Globe  Insurance,  151. Guardian,  33. 

Hope,  6^. Chartered  Gas  Light,  50. Imperial  Gas,  46. Phoenix  Gas, 

35 Independent  Gas,   51, United   General,  43. Canada    Land  Com- 
pany, 41. Reversioimry  Interest,  132. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inquire  as  above. 


112 
METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  Strand. 

From  November  2&,  to  December  25,  I834v  both  imclmtive. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm 

Fahrenheit's  Therm 

'S^ 

-^  ^ 

s 

U 

B 

i  Hi' 

Si 

J3  § 

p  be 

a 
^ 

Weather. 

II 

11 

r    ! 

Not. 

a 

D 

» 

m.  pta. 

Dec. 

b 

o 

" 

86 

m 

11 

^ 

Sd,  BO! 

dotidy 

11 

37 

m 

37 

87 

38 

4S 

44 

.94| 

feir 

IS 

37 

43 

44 

sa 

45 

48 

45 

.70! 

cloudy,  nin 

13 

44 

44 

36 

!?5I 

W 

51 

-M 

»30 

do.  do. 

14 

38 

41 

38 

30 

*6 

47 

47 

,6S' 

do.  do. 

15 

38 

44 

44 

D.I 

44) 

Si 

46 

,  34  |&Ir,shower« 

16 

45 

48 

43 

2 

50 

54 

41 

,  60  Jdoudy 

3Q,  10  1  do. 

17 

44 

4B 

4S 

3 

44 

51 

48 

IB 

a 

45 

38 

4 

*9 

53 

4^ 

,  16  'do. 

m 

43 

46 

43 

5 

43 

5! 

50 

,  ao  ■ 

Fair 

20 

4« 

46 

43 

e 

47 

51 

50 

.  IB 

doiitly 

SI 

4a 

47 

«ii 

7 

;>3 

^ 

50 

,  10 ; 

mill,  do. 

2S 

.% 

43 

34 

B 

-u 

47 

30 

,29  1 

fair 

23 

35 

41 

as  1 

9 

.*18 

4^ 

44 

,50'j 

do.  cloudv 

24 

32 

as 

38 

10 

41 

47 

39 

,30' 

do. 

Si 

43 

m 

4a 

Weather. 


iin.  pta. 
30.58 

,43 
4B 

1^0 

,54 
.14 
,30 
,40 
,40 
.37 
,50 
,40 
,47 
,36 


cloudy,  fog 

fdo. 

■Jto. 

■do. 

'do. 

:du.,  windy 

fair 

doudy 

do.,  misty 

:do. 

fair 
daudv 

do. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
From  November  27,  to  Deeetttber  26,  1834^  both  inehuive. 


S?     rt^ 


li 


1^ 


Ex.  BiJls, 

£iooa 


S7:f2li!O0i 
88i>a2  |9(J 

gg214|90 

32^2  noi 

42-^2!   !*U| 
5223|.**lij  J  4 
0£^  1>1       i 


6. 


-.OliBOj 


i  &i     t 

i^Oi  ij' — 

ioi      i, 

iiHi     1 

j'90i  Ijj  98J 
i9U    *!- 

r^H  i- 

-f  994 
-   09i 


0  £2.14  91  i 
10 ^91  J 

13 — :;9oi 

17a:Ji^f91   90i 


99| 


081 99i  j 
OHidOj  4 
964i99j  I 
964!lOt>994 

96^994  too 
96^199^100 
994I  — 
994' 

994! 

3\ 

9iH^ — 

m^ — 

m\ — 

9011 


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)6i 1920  pm.' 


16^1. 


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19- 


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17  ,263^  ]9i7pmi 

17   1917pm.; 

17  [363   18a>piB. 

n  I lOJSpm 

17i; — -jiaaOptn.  103i 

I7t laaipm 

174 3123pin 

17  asJpm. 

I7t ^ 

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I7i 1   18  pm.    


17i 

174 

17 

17 


171 


17 
17*1. 
17  1. 


1820  pm 
IB  pm, 
SO  pm. 

ISSOpm. 

1821  pm, 
20  22  pm. 
3022  pm 


l&SOpm.' 

1710  pm. 

19  pm.   - 
iTlSpm.l i  37  38  pm 


38  39  pm. 

39  35  pm. 
34  36  pm. 
34  36  pm. 
34  36  pm. 

36  34  pm. 
34  37  pm. 

37  36  pm. 

38  41  pm. 
Ml  41  pm. 

40  38  pm. 
38  39  pm. 

37  38  pm. 

38  3ij  pm. 
36  38  pm. 
36  ppra, 
36  38  pm. 
36  38  pm. 

39  41  pm. 

40  ^pm. 
30  40  pm. 
40  37  pm. 

36  38pm< 
38  35  pm. 

37  ;S  pm. 


J.J. 


Old  South  Sea  Annuities,  Dec.  9,  SO^. 
ARNULL,  Stock  Broke^  1,  Bank  Buildings,  ConihiU, 

late  RlCHAaDSUK.   (ionni.nric.  urid  . 


LiCHAaosoi^  GoouLUCK,  and  Aknuu.. 


'.   il.   NICHOLS    AXD   SON,   25,   i-ARUAMENT   STREET. 


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THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

FEBRUARY,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 


PACK 


Minor  CouiBBPOirDBircs. — Bishopi*  Fees,  and  Non-raddence— Prorincial  Li- 
terary Societiei— Mr.  T.  Thorpe,  and  Lye's  Caedmon— S.  Wesley,  &c 114 

IIowisqn'b  Vnwa  or  British  Colohibb  i»  tarioub  Parts  or  tub  World  115 

DiART  or  A  Lover  or  Litbratvrb 1S7 

Rkcord  Commibbiom,  No.  Y. — ^Tkzatio  P.  Nieholai  IV.  133. — Nonamm  In- 
quisitiones,  135^ — Valor  Ecdesiasticns,  temp.  Hen.  VIII.  137. — ^Rotuli  Scotis  14S 

Account  of  Chapbl  Plastbr,  Wilts  (with  a  Plate) 143 

Archery  at  Harrair  School 145 

CnltiTBtioR  of  the  Yew  ia  England. 147 

Church  of  St.  Edmund  on  the  Bridge,  Exeter  (with  an  Engrwring) 148 

Procession  of  St.  John  of  Beverley 150 

Notices  of  Sir  Marmadnke  Constable,  and  of  the  Tyrwhitt  Family 153,  154 

Ri^ht  Hon.  S.  Bourne  on  Hall's  Remains  of  Lowth 155 

Deiicription  of  the  Olyptothcca  at  Munich 157 

On  Municipal  Corporations 162 

Gilde  of  the  Holy  Cross  at  Stratford-on-Avon 163 

Anglo-Saxon  Controversy 167 

Domestic  Expenses  in  Ireland,  temp.  Charles  II 168 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Autobiography  of  a  Dissenting  Minister,  169' — Last  Days  of  Pompeii,  173. — 
Smjrth's  Catalogue  of  Roman  Medals,  177. — Pringle's  African  Sketches, 
179. — Card's  Antiquities  of  Great  Malvern,  IHO. — Sir  J.  B.  Urmston  and 
Sir  G.  Staunton  on  the  China  Trade,  183. — Rose  on  Church  History. — 
Scott's  Vind^tion  of  Rev.  J.  Milner,  183. — Inglis  on  Ireland,  1H6. — His- 
tory of  the  Fortifications  of  the  City  of  York,  1H7. — Nuttall's  Virgil's  Bu- 
cuUcs,  189. — ^Tillotson  on  Billiards ;  Turner's  Annual  Tour 190 

FINE  ARTS. — Brustolini's  Statues  of  Reformers,  191. —History  of  the  Parlia- 
ment Houses. — ^Winkles'  Cathedrals. — Gresham  Prize  Medal 193 

LITF-RARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications. — Learned  Societies,  &c 194 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  197.  — Ancient 
Caskets  of  Ivory  and  Wood 198 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.— Foreign  News,  201.— Domestic  Occurrences, 
•2{v2. — Promotions,  3U3. — Marriages 304 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  Earl  of  Ilardwicke  ;  Sir  W.  Hicks,  Bsrt. ;  Sir 
Charles  £.  Kent,  Bart. ;  Sir  Charles  Mower,  Bart. — Gen.  Sir  H.  Warde, 
G.C.B. ;  Alexander  Chalmers,  Esq.  F.S.A. ;  William  Blackwood,  esq. ;  Mrs. 
Julia  Smith:  Mrs.  Thring;  John  Heath,  Esq. ;  Mr.  Edmonstone ;  Adrian 
Boieldien  ;  H.  Choron  ;  &c 'i05 

Clkrcy  Dbcbabbd,  S17. — ^Dbatbb,  arranged  in  Connties 319 

Bill  of  Mortality— Markets — Prices  of  Shares,  333— MeteoroU^ical  Diary— Stocks  2'iA 

Embellished  with  Views  of  Chapel  Plaster,  Wilts, 
And  tlie  Church  of  St.  Edmund  oh  the  Bridgb,  Exeter. 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


Mr.  UiLBAN,  Exeter,  Jan.  1. 

In  the  Review  of  Mr.  Polwhele'g  Let- 
ter to  the  Bishop  of  Exeter,  in  your 
Number  for  the  lost  month,  there  is  a 
passage  tending  to  throw  obloquy  on  the 
Bishop*,  of  which,  u  it  is  founded  on 
su  erroneous  view  of  the  fact,  I  am  sure 
you  will  give  a  place  to  an  explanation. 
The  Reriewer.  proceeding  upon  an  asaer* 
tion  that  the  Bishop  rcceirea  a  fee  of 
one  guinea  a  year  for  allowing  a  license 
for  non-residence,  assigns  that  as  one  of 
the  causes  of  no n- residence;  and  thus,  as 
one  of  those  grievances  which,  in  his 
view  of  the  matter,  stop  the  Wesleyans 
from  joining  the  Church.  It  will  not  be 
difficult  to  rcmore  an  impression,  if  it 
should  exist,  so  entirely  unfounded.  The 
simple  truth  is,  that  the  Bishop  receives 
no  fee  whatcrer  of  any  kind,  for  any  li- 
cense of  non-residence,  or  in  any  way 
way  relating  to  the  subject.  It  is  true 
that  a  fee  of  ten  shillings  is  paid  to  the 
secretary  and  registrar  of  the  Bishop  for 
all  the  business  preceding  the  license,  for 
the  instrument  itself,  and  for  it*  registra- 
tion and  transmission  to  the  party, — the 
Act  has  United  the  remuneration  to  that 
sum ;  and  as  the  license  is  usually  grant- 
ed for  a  period  of  not  le*s  than  two  years, 


of  art. — In  k  more  extended  view,  I  moat 
add.  S.  The  Plymouth  Pubbc  Library. 
,3.  The  Plymouth  Mechanics'  Institute. 
4.  The  Law  Library.  5.  The  Medical 
Library. — Different  views  taken  of  this 
matter  would  lead  to  different  conclu- 
sions. My  wish  would  be  to  obtain  a 
communication,  annual  at  least,  between 
the  different  Societies  of  Bristol,  Man- 
chester, Newcastle,  Liverpool,  &c.  &c. 
for  the  investigation  of  scientific  objects 
within  districts."  We  shall  be  happy  to 
receive  from  Mr.  WooUcombe  his  report 
e  counties  of  Devon  and  C'omwajt. 
answer  to  the  request  of  Mr,  B.  / 
Dec.  p.  562),  Mr.  Thomas  [ 
:ie  Bookseller,  expUuns  that  he 
purchased  the  copy  of  Junius's  edition 
of  Coidmon  of  the  publishers  of  Mr. 
Thorpe's  edition  a  few  days  only  before 
it  appeared,  and  was  shortly  afterward! 
told  by  a  gentleman  that  the  notes  were 
then  of  no  value,  as  they  bad  been  in- 
serted in  the  new  edition  ;  '  I  am  sure  of 
it  (added  he) ,  by  many  notes  and  pas- 
sages I  see  here.'  Recollecting  nrom 
whence  I  obtained  the  volume,  I  felt 
convinced  that  1  had  been  duped ;  and 
was  much  more  so,  on  observing  the 
Striking   resemblance   between    the   two 


receive  from 

for  the  coun 

f*     In  answei 

I  TaoBTK    (I 

I  Thohpb,  till 


the  cost  to  the  incumbent  is  tive  shillings     translations,  particularly  in  two  passages 

..».r  •     Nnur     *r.  ...„   ♦u_    !»__. (j)p.  162,  22S),  sud  of  which  Mr.  Thorp© 

acknowledged  his  version  was  purely 
conjectural.  It  is  certainly  very  probable 
that  this  resemblance  may  have  been  the 
effect  of  accident,  as  the  versions  of  two 
good  scholars  would  be  far  more  likely  to 
correspond  than  those  of  two  bad  ones  ; 
this,  however,  I  leave  to  the  decision  of 
tnore  competent  judges,  and  should  it 
.    ,  ...  .„,..»•••«     appear   to    them   that   the    resemblance 

.coount  ol  the  numerous  provincial  So-      has  been  accidental,  it  wiU  afford  m*  ia. 

cietics  >n  e.ngiaud,"  readily  embraces  hia     finite  pleasure,  not  only  that  it  will  give 


li-year.  -     Now,    to   use   the    Reviewer, 
own  langaa«e,   if  this  is  a  grievance,  I 
Voow  not  what  may  not  be  so  called 
Yours.  &c.  Ralph  BAnwM. 

SecreUry  to  the  Bp.  of  Eacter. 

In  rep^to  Z.  (p.  »),  Mr.  Wooll- 
COMBS.  President  of  the  Plymouth  In- 
^tution,  "having  long  felt  how  desi- 
r»bl«  't  *«"'.*1  ^  to  posses,  an  accurate 


in^.tation;  but  thinks  2.  has  not  been 
.ufli"«^{»tly  ••xpUnatory  i„  i^js  views; 
••  f?'    \^°  n«;uadersund  whether   he 

•JSJushmentofl  '^fined  to  the 

•^.trd;andwhe.;  >    to  be  enu- 

^'^i^nr-  .hould  be  oienH";^  Professional 
^^  I  should  ret^B  ,  '"■^T'^^u,  '"^  ''"u 
*r  litrrart  and  scienH^     '  l»ie  promotion 

p«re,  ,^  ^^^^  ^^^^ 


but  not  in 

*  At  house,  a 

^  one  poond ; 

oiBccrt  are 


give 

additional  interest  to  Mr.  Thorpe's  trans- 
lation, but  that  the  unedited  one  by  Lye 
and  Manning,  which  I  have  since  pre- 
sented to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  will 
be  much  more  valuable  and  interesting  to 
the  bands  of  that  learned  body." 

In  reference  to  our  Memoir  of  Charles 
Wesley,  esq.  Dec.  p.  G.'io,  we  have  the 
pleasure  to  state  that  his  brother  Samuel 
is  still  living.  We  were  misled  into  a 
supposition  of  his  death  by  the  Dictionary 
of  Musicians,  12mo.  Ife24. 

The  communications  of  Plantagcnet. 
J.  H.  &c.  are  received,  and  ahall  be  in- 
serted hereafter, 

M.  D,  next  month. 

ScorA  is  assured  that  bis  manuscripts 
are  very  acceptable,  and  we  regret  tliat 
room  has  not  been  found  for  one  of  them 
in  our  present  Magaxine. 


THE 


GENTL.EMANS    MAGAZINE. 


VIEWS  OP  EUROPEAN  COLONIES  IN  VARIOUS  PARTS 
OF  THE  WORLD,  &c. 

Br  JoHx  HowiBON.    3  toIs. 

T^'E  have  been  mucli  interested  with  these  volumes  of  Mr.  Howison'a, 
irhich  display  both  practical  knowledge  and  scientific  research,  and  which 
•re,  moreover,  written  in  a  very  animated  and  eloquent  style.  The  sub- 
ject is  one  of  the  greatest  interestj  inoet  particularly  to  this  country, 
(those  colouies  are  to  be  found  in  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  and  with 
which  her  commercial  prosperity,  her  civil  well-being,  and  her  political 
tLScendancy  are  so  intimately  connected.  In  many  opinions  of  our  author 
relating  to  the  most  important  interests  of  mankind,  it  is  impossible 
for  the  RelifjionUt  to  join ;  nor  are  we  inclined  to  agree  with  him  in 
his  censorious  and  severe  view,  of  Ihe  motives  of  those  who  take 
the  lead  in  demising  plans  and  forming  associations  for  the  ameliora- 
tion and  instruction  of  society  j  we  are  willing  to  believe  tliat  he  is  wrong 
in  the  estimate  he  forms  of  the  habits  and  feelings  of  the  higher  classes ; 
ami  we  think  he  too  often  loses  the  philosopher  in  the  censor  and  satirist : 
bat  notwithstanding  these  defects^  for  its  sound  practical  knowledge,  its 
faithful  representation,  its  extensive  and  curious  obscn'ation,  its  interest- 
ing description,  its  sagacious  views,  and  just  inferences,  we  think  this  book 
of  Mr.  Howison's  will  approve  itself  to  all  enlightened  and  unprejudiced 
readers.     We  will  give  the  purport  of  it  in  his  own  words. 

traversed,  in  proceeding  to  the  country 


"  HU  object  (lie  says)  is  to  cammuni- 
cmte  a  vivid  and  accurate  idea  of  thoie 
i;eaeral  impreuiontf  whicb  our  renpective 
colooiea,  comprehended  in  it,  is  calculated 
to  prodooe  in  the  mind  of  a  disinterested 
ofaaerrer.  All  political,  commercial,  and 
statistical  details,  have  been  avoided,  and 
BStnrt!  and  human  life,  conjoined  with  a 
trm  hisluHcal  notices,  are  the  subjects  to 
«Uefa  the  author  has  exclu.«ivf|y  devoted 
his  pagea.  His  idea  has  been  to  intro- 
dace  the  reader  to  a  knowled^  of  each 
Oflooy.  by  pre<i«Dting  to  his  view  its  fea- 
tures and  character  in  that  succession 
wllicb  would  meet  his  eye  and  observa- 
lioB  were  he  to  visit  it  personally.  Each 
dtviaioB  of  the  work  comprises  four  simi- 
lar ud  consistent  parts.  The  first  of 
theae  <le«enbea  the  ocean  which  most  be 


whose  designation  it  bears  ;  the  second 
gives  a  picture  of  the  scenery  and  physi- 
cal objects  which  are  calculated  first  to 
strike  the  attention  of  a  stranger  arriving 
there  :  the  third  delineates  the  gener^ 
character  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants ; 
and  the  fourth  embraces  the  progress  of 
European  settlements  in  the  colony,  and 
the  existing  manners,  condition,  and  ha- 
bits of  thought  of  its  foreign  residents. 
The  author  having  travelled  and  resided  in 
nearly  all  the  colonies  aad  settlements 
which  he  professes  to  describe,  and  also 
sailed  upon  their  respective  oceans,  the 
facts  and  opinions  contained  in  tliit  work 
are  derived  as  much  from  personal  obser- 
vation, as  from  the  aathority  ofotliera." 


As  it  is  ob>'ious  that  we  could  not  possibly  &nd  room,  even  in  the  most 
abridged  compass,  to  follow  Mr.  Howison  through  his  varied  and  exten- 
■re  fields  of  observation,  it  remained  for  us,  either  to  confine  ourselves  to 
one  particular  branch  of  his  inquiry',  or  to  extract  mlsceUaneously  from 
the  work  those  facts  and  reasonings  on  various  subjects  whicli  afford  the 
nost  novelty  of  remark,  and  which  commaud  the  most  general  interest  ^  we 


I 
I 


I 
I 


i 


1 1 G  Howismtt  Viewa  of  Ewroptam  Colmtiet.  [^Feb. 

have  adopted  the  latter  plan,  and  follow  onr  author  as  he  sets  oat  across 
the  uestcm  rKean  in  his  way  to  the  soathem  world.* 

"  One  of  the  most  remarkable  featnm  the  Bennada  and  Western  Islands,  and 
(if  the  western  ocean,  is  that  portion  of  afterwards  in  a  soatherty  direction,  aa 
it  wliich  is  named  Mar  do  Sajqp>»sa  hj  far  aa  the  tro[Hc  of  Cancer,  or  a  few  de- 
the  FortuguriM-,  and  Granny  .Sea  by  the  grees  within  it.  The  objection  to  this  is. 
EnKliKh.  It  extends  between  18°  and  Mi"  that  sea-weed  prodaced  in  the  ^f  of 
north  latitude,  and  2lf  and  35^  west  Ion-  Mexico,  and  conveyed  so  great  a  dLnancr. 
gitude,  and  is  often  so  completely  over-  wonld  arrive  in  a  withered  and  decayed 
Hpri;a(l  with  a  species  of  floating  sea-weed,  state ;  but  this  is  so  far  from  being  the 
that  it  rcitembles  a  field  covered  with  caae,  in  the  present  instance,  that  the 
brown  vegetation  ;  and  the  marine  plants  Jueua  of  the  Mar  do  Sargossa,  is  generally 
are  in  Norne  pla<-es  so  strongly  and  clotely  found  to  be  fresh  and  flourishing,  and  it 
intertwined,  ttiat  they  slightly  impede  a  has  even  been  remarked,  that  it  is  the 
ship's  pnigress.  This  /kew  nateiu  ooa>  more  so,  the  further  it  extends  to  the 
sists  of  a  series  of  nodules  growing  in  southward.  The  simplest  mnde  of  ac- 
bunrhrs,  and  a  good  deal  resembling  counting  for  this  accumulation  of  sea- 
cauliflower  Htript  of  its  leaves.  They  are  weed  would  be,t  to  suppose  that  it  grew 
of  au  olive  and  tawny  colour,  and  float  at  the  bottom  of  the  ocean,  in  the  lati- 
upon  the  surface  of  the  sea  in  parallel  tndes  in  which  it  is  always  observed  float- 
lines,  except  during  the  prevalence  of  ing ;  but  the  vast  depth  of  the  sea  there 
strong  winds,  when  their  arrangement  is  seems  effectually  to  overturn  this  theory  ; 
disturlwd,  and  their  general  distribution  for  it  is  reasonable  to  believe  that  vq^ta- 
becomes  irrcguUr.  Floating  sea-weed  is  tion  cannot  take  place  many  hundred  feet 
found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  ocean,  in  below  the  surfiioe,  because  of  the  over- 
greater  or  less  quantities,  but  no  where  whelming  pressure  of  the  snperiacum- 
d<H;H  it  cover  so  vast  an  expanse  of  water  bent  water  :  and  it  has  been  urged  that 
as  in  the  Gra$ay  Sm.  It  is  a  common  the  marine  plant  in  question  being  of  a 
lM;licf  that  the  jvetu  in  question  is  pro-  green  or  brown  hue,  it  must  grow  in  places 
duccd  in  the  (lulf  of  Mexico,  and  carried  accessible  to  light,  otherwise  it  would  be 
fnmi  thenco  bytbeFIoridastream,  between  entirely  colourless  :  however,  the  last  ar- 

*  Mr.  Ilowison  speculates  much  on  the  causes  of  the  small  progress  made  by  the 
ancients  in  the  art  of  navigation  ;  surely  their  ignorance  of  the  power  of  the  magnet 
is  amply  sufficient  to  account  for  the  Pillars  of  Hercules  forming  those  dark  and 
frowning  gntcx,  which  no  mortal  hand  could  unbar  with  safety  :  the  Red  Sea,  the  Me- 
diterranean, the  isle-studded  Egean,  even  the  Black  Sea,  were  but  bounded  friths, 
through  which,  by  the  light  of  the  stars,  and  a  knowledge  of  capes  and  headlands,  a 
tolerably  safe  narigation  might  be  secured  ;  but  it  was  otherwise  when  the  boimdless 
expanse  of  the  North  Atlantic  rolled  its  stormy  billows  against  their  unwieldy  barks ; 
and  even  Hanno  felt,  when  he  had  reached  Cape  Non,  diat  it  was  as  well  to  return 
to  Carthage,  while  he  could  secure  his  passage  home :  but  Mr.  Howison  shows  that 
in  spite  of  all  disadvantages,  they  reached  Britain  in  one  direction,  and  Ceyloti  in 
anoUier.  To  atar-led  navigators,  when  they  had  approached  the  Equator,  when  they 
had  lost  their  polar  guide,  and  anew  host  of  heaveuly  luminaries  burst  on  their  sight ; 
when  the  bitgc  constellation  of  the  8k^,  and  the  brilliant  and  beautiful  Croat,  and 
tbe  "  phosphorescent  clouds  of  Magellan  "  appeared ;  when  Jupiter  and  Venus  shone 
.  with  such  refulgence  as  to  cast  well-defined  shadows  ;  surely  it  would  appear,  as  if  the 
link  was  broken  that  connected  them  with  the  world  which  they  had  left ;  and  they 
would  hasten  to  return  under  the  shelter  of  more  friendly  and  familiar  constelUtions, 

qui  non  mcrgitur  undis 

Axis  inocdduus  geraina  clarissimns  arcto. 
f  See  on  the  subject  of  this  bed  of  Sargassum  vulgare,  or  sea-weed,  Griffith's 
Animal  Kingdom  of  Cuvier  (On  Flab — Part  XLI.),  where  it  is  said  to  be  conveyed 
by  currents  as  far  as  the  gulf  of  Florida ;  and  thence,  by  the  north  winds  and  western 
currents,  brought  back  south  of  the  Azores  again  to  recommence  the  same  migration. 
Thus  it  may  scatter  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of  mrdusie,  acalaphse,  and 
other  marine  animals  over  distant  regions).  It  is  sup]tosed  by  some  that  it  vtu  an 
imme»*e  yield  o/  thi»  tteed  vkirh  impeded  tke  proffreaa  qf  the  Cartkayiniana  on  their 
expedition  of  ditcovery  along  the  west  coast  nf  Africa.  Siniilnr /f<vi/«  of  uiurine  weed 
keciii  to  f\ist  in  all  the  i:n>at  o<'can»,  {H'rliaps  |teifoi-mins  llu*  same  purpos^e  of  diate- 
miiiali'iu.  Sargazi$  is  the  Spanish  for  a  ntaM  of  sea- weed.  Sec  (•reviUe's  Algie  Bri- 
tannicic.  p  xii. 


I«J3.J 


Howison's  Vinos  of  European  Colonies. 


v&lidity,  fur  IlumbuIiU 
he  drew  up  a  piece  of 
sea-wccd  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
islaad  of  Allegrava,  which  was  as  greea 
u  oar  ^as&,  though  it  had  grown  on  & 
jficce  of  mud  above  192  feet  below  the 
rarfsre  of  the  water,  where  it  mu«t  have 
vegetated  in  darkness,  or  at  least  beyond 
the  infliieniM!  of  any  bnt  n  few  strangling 
ray*  of  reflected  light.  Mr.  Howison  bti> 
litres  that  this  aea-weed  is  produced  on 
tlie  eurfoce  of  the  ocean ,  and  at  or  near 


and  decay,  afford  substance  and  soil  for 
the  vegetation  of  new  ones.  A  chip  of 
wood,  a  cork,  ur  a  jnece  of  ro|>e,  thrown 
into  the  sea,  are  soon  covered  with  marine 
vegetation  ;  and  large  ponds  of  wator  and 
even  lakes  are  often  found  encrusted  with 
mosses  and  grainina,  whose  roots  are  not 
attached  to  any  extraneous  substance, 
and  which  appear  to  vegetate  entirely  on 
the  debris  of  each  other.  The  Mar  do 
Sargossa  being  little  agitated  by  tempesta, 
or  moved  by  currents,  is  particularly  fa- 
vourable for  tliis  kind  of  parasitioil  vcgc- 
tutiou," 


the  plaL-c  where  it  is  found,  and  that  the 
mature  pldnt«,  when  they  shed  their  bud 

A  circiimstauce  of  even  more  interest  thaa  this,  is  related   in  auotlier 
part  of  Mr.  Howison's  volumes,  when  speaking  of  the  Polar  Seas. 

"  The  scanty  vegetation  of  the   Arctic      towards  the  countries  where  such  qunn- 
refions,  and  the  total  wurit  of  trees  there,      titles  of  it  are.  lUways  found  accumulated 


give  an  astoni^hiog  aj!pect  to  those  vast 
(|a«atiti«fl  of  dr^t  food  which  cover  the 
«utem  shores  of  Greenland  and  Spitz- 
litvgtin,  and  afford  an  abundant  sa]>ply  of 
fuel  and  of  building  materials,  in  coun- 
triea  which,  of  themselves,  produce  nei- 
ti»«r  the  one  nor  the  other.  This  floating 
timber  consisLs  principally  of  firs,  larches, 
■ltd  ctdari .-  some  of  which  retain  their 
roots  and  branchc!),  and  nppt^ar  in  a  state  of 
frnhneu,  while  otheni  have  lost  the  bark, 
and  are  decayed  and  worm-eaten.  Every 
ycmr  brings  a  new  supply  of  these  trunks 
to  tbe  coasts  above-mentioned,  and  they 
•ometimea  accumulate  to  such  a  degree, 
as  to  choke  up  the  moutlis  of  large  bays 
and  inl»''»»,  and  even  to  furm  piles  of  in- 
tfrw.-v  II  fitiiln»r,  several  thousand  feet  in 
CI/.  Naturalists    have    long 

brn,  in  opinion  with  respect  to 

tlie  orij^io  of  the  Arctic  drift-wood;  but 
most  of  them  regard  it  as  the  production 
of  Norway,  Siberia,  and  America,  carried 
northward  by  the  currents  of  the  ocean, 
a»«?  .1.  ....~if*-f!  at  tlie  edge  of  the  polar 
»r'  AtxH  distributnl  in  vAriouf 

4ir>  '   local  and  incidental  causes. 

Thk  cxpUuation  seems  plausible ;  hut  it 
UivolTct  the  existence  of  a  continued 
M^tlierDly  current  in  the  Arctic  Seas, 
vkich  it  entirely  contradicted  by  daily 
experience ;  for  in  no  parts  of  tlie 
oeeao  are  the  currents  more  variable  and 
OMertiih ;  and  that  of  the  gulpb-stream, 
which  ha*  been  supposed  to  convey  great 
qiuatitiea  of  drift  wood  into  the  frozen 
does  not  seiuibiy  extend  its 
I  beyon \  aS"  north  latitude.  And 
*"••"-  drift-wood  comes  from  the 
in  we  account  for  its  never 
<y{   at    sea    in   its    progress 


The  Itieory  of  Malte  Bmn  deserves  at- 
tention, not  more  on  account  of  its 
novelty,  than  its  boldness.  It  is  his 
opinion,  that  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  timber  observed  in  the  Polar  regions, 
comes  from  the  tiottoiti  of  ihf  neighbour' 
ing  iteait,  where  large  tracts  of  forests 
exist,  that  have  been  submerged  by  some 
convulsion  of  nature,  which  at  a  remote 
period  not  only  changed  the  climate  of 
tlje  Arctic  Rf-gions,  but  sank  amid  the 
waves  an  entire  continent :  and  that  these 
depots  of  dead  timber  being  in  many 
places  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sea,  a 
part  of  them  is  ocr^ksionally  detached,  and 
rises  to  the  surface,  aud  floats  diere.  One 
objection  to  this  theory  lies  in  the  state  of 
freshness  and  presenation  in  which  a 
great  proportion  of  the  Arctic  drift-wood 
is  fuund ;  for  we.  can  not  have  any  diffi- 
culty in  believing  that  extensive 'forests 
once  existed  in  the  frozen  regions,  seeing 
that  abundance  of  fossil  timl>er  is  now 
disinterred  in  Icelnnd  and  >)ibcria,  and 
even  in  Nova  Zembla ;  but  as  the  sub- 
mersion of  territory  supposed  by  Malte 
Brun  must  have  occurred  at  latest  more 
than  a  thousand  ymu-s  ago,  its  forests 
could  scarcely  continue  fluch  &  length  of 
time  without  change  or  decom]icisitian. 
Had  they  Iain  so  long  embedded  in  sand 
or  mud,  they  would  have  been  found  in  a 
carbonized  state;  had  they  remained  ex- 
posed to  the  sea  at  any  considerable 
depth,  they  woiJtl  now  prove  useless  for 
fuel  or  for  any  thing  else,  on  account  of 
their  saturation  with  salt-water,  or  what 
is  more  likely,  would,  from  a  necessary 
increase  of  specific  gravity*  from  the  some 
cause,  never  rise  to  the  surface  at  all." 


I 
I 

I 


i 
I 


:f  ions  an  instance  of  a  lioat  having  been  dra^jged  l(»  the  depth  of  HOO 
eenland  Sea  by  a  whale,  and  detxincd  under  water  several  hours. 
th  lifought  to  the  surface,  it  had  to  cowphtrJtf  (nul  i£n  /unacv 


118  Homton't  Vkws  of  European  Colomies.  [Feb. 

Mr.  Howison  at  length  accedes  to  the  commoD  opinion,  which  assigns 
the  origin  of  nearly  all  the  Arctic  driftwood  to  the  rivers  of  Siberia,  whose 
banks  are  covered  with  trees,  which,  conveyed  eastward  by  the  current 
prevailing  between  the  coast  of  Siberia  and  Nova  Zembla,  will  necessarily 
accumulate  upon  the  eastern  shores  of  Iceland,  Greenland,  and  Jan  Magir's 
Land,  the  place  where  drift-wood  is  found  in  most  abundance.  To  this  we 
shall  only  add,  that  presuming  this  wood  to  have  been  recently  detached 
from  its  native  bed,and  that  Malte  Brun's  theory  is  wrong ;  and  further,  sup- 
posing that  it  is  possible  to  distinguish  with  accuracy  the  species  of  trees 
of  which  it  is  composed — the  discovery  of  a  single  one,  amonff  the  millions 
collected,  might  at  once  solve  the  difficulty,  and  lead  to  the  original  site  from 
whence  it  came.  What,  for  instance,  was  the  cedar  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Howison  among  the  jnnes  and  fin?  Was  it  the  red  cedar  (juniperus 
Virginiana)  ? — then  it  assuredly  floated  from  the  American  shores.  Was 
it  the  Pinus  Cembro  ? — ^then  we  may  justly  infer  that  it  came  from  Siberia, 
where  that  species  of  Pine,  called  the  Siberian  Cedar,  is  found :  we  do 
qpt  feel,  however,  quite  satisfied  that  the  cedar  tree  was  ascertuned  to 
exist  among  this  huge  mass,  which  probably  has  never  been  accurately 
examined  by  the  eye  of  a  naturalist. 

Mr.  Howison  has  pleasingly  and  picturesquely  described  the  extraor- 
dinary contrast  between  the  coasts  of  Barbary  to  the  south  of  the  Senegal 
river,  and  the  rich  and  fertile  country  which  spreads  its  luxuriant  ro- 
tation below. 

"  After  crossing  the  bar  of  the  Senqitil,  times  measuring  between  60  and  70  feet 
and  rounding  the  point  of  Barbary,  the  in  circumference,  and  throwing  out  eztre- 
Libyan  desert  is  no  longer  seen,  and  mities  for  nearly  an  equal  height  from  Uie 
the  eye,  wherever  it  turns,  rests  upon  a  ground.  These  stately  trees  line  the 
mass  of  luxuriant  vegetation,  consisting  bank  of  the  river,  where  they  form  placet 
of  trees  which  are  unknown  in  European  of  general  resort  for  nearly  all  the  animal 
climates.  Among  them  are  found  palms  inhabitants  df  the  forest.  Their  larger 
of  various  kinds,  such  as  the  date,  the  branches  are  peopled  with  monkeys  of 
cocoa-nut,  and  the  areca,  and  also  the  different  kinds,  which,  after  uniting  into 
cotton-tree,  the  wild  fig,  the  tamarind,  small  detachments,  run  to  their  furthest 
and  the  banana.  But  the  one  that  chiefly  extremities,  and  having  for  a  few  mo- 
attracts  the  attention,  is  the  Baobab  or  ra-  ments  surveyed  the  persons  passing  by  ia 
labath  tree,  which  is  the  largest  vegetable  boats,  and  sainted  them  wiu  discordant 
production  of  the  world*,  its  trunk  some-  cries,  hurry  back  into  the  shade.    Q^the 

buoyancy,  that  the  seamen  were  obliged  to  place  a  boat  at  each  end  of  it,  to  prevent 
its  sinking  from  its  own  weight :  and  its  timbers,  when  afterwards  broken  up  for  fud^ 
proved  quite  incombustible.  Scoresby  gives  the  result  of  some  experiments  he  made 
on  the  submersion  of  timber ;  and  the  result  was,  that  all  kinds  of  wood  acquire  such 
an  increase  of  specific  gravity,  by  immersion  to  the  depth  of  800  or  300  feet,  that  they 
entirely  lose  the  property  of  floating. 

*  It  is  not,  perhaps,  quite  correct  to  say  that  the  Adanfonias  or  Baobabs  are  the 
largest  trees  in  the  world.  Some  of  the  ancient  Mexican  cypresses  exceed  them  in 
bulk  :  while  the  firs  of  California,  and  the  Norfolk  Island  pine,  tower  far  above  them. 
The  latter  tree,  '  Dombeya  excelsa,'  reaching  300  feet,  or  nearly  the  hei^t  of  St. 
Paul's  ;  and  the  former  perhaps  as  much,  with  a  base  of  50  feet :  so  in  the  quantity 
of  timber  they  are  probably  superior.  Cuvier  says,  it  must  have  taken  thou»mub  qf 
yeart  (hear  this,  Messrs.  Croly,  and  Cole,  and  Bugg,  and  Penn,  et  hoc  genus  omne  !) 
to  have  brought  the  Baobabs  to  their  present  gigantic  size.  The  extensive  forests  of 
the  •'  mimosa  Nilotica,  which  afford  the  gum-arabic,  lie  about  200  miles  east  of  the 
Senegal ;  a  French  vessel  annually  despatched  from  Fort  Louis  trades  with  the  Moors  for 
this  important  article,  used  in  arts  and  medicine.  See  a  Plate  of  a  Baobab  of  40  f^ 
girth,  with  its  fruit  pendant  from  stalks  of  two  feet  long,  in  Bennett's  Wanderings, 
I.  W.  The  fruit  is  acid  and  pleasant,  and  the  powdered  leaves  constitute  Lalo,  a 
<«voviite  article  with  the  Africans. 


1835.] 


Hoicison's  Viewt  of  European  Colonies. 


U9 


trt*«  (irojecting  over  the  river,  birds  of 
Ite  Kiagfiahcr  tribe  auspend  their  nestt, 
ruTco   in  a  penlike  shape,   where  they 
l«winK  t«>  *Qd  fro  with  every  breath  of 
[viDii,  safe  from  the  depredAtious  of  either 
[•{lei  or  serpents:  while  many  reptilesi  of 
I  the  Utter  kind,  varying  in  size  and  colonr, 
Itwine  themselves  round  the  lower  boughs, 
I  in  order  to  watch  conveniently  for  prey, 
sad  dart  down  upon  it,  when  it  ap]]ears. 
The  roots  of  the  Baobabs  nfford  shelter  to 
multitudes  of  squirrels,  which  sport  among 
their  interstices  ;  and  its  trunk  is  studded 
,  with  lix&rda  of  the  most  resplendent  hues, 
lying  in  wjut  for   the   insects  which  t!y 
around  in  myrisdA,  and  keep  up  an  inces- 
sant and  sonorous  humming.     Alligators 


lie  basking  in  the  sun  upon  the  ahallows  iu 
the  middle  of  the  river,  and  their  musky 
scent  is  often  perceptible  ;  when  frighted 
by  the  approach  of  a  boat,  they  i>lunge 
under  the  water,  and  swim  lazily  away. 
The  crotihing  of  boughs,  heard  occasionally 
in  the  depth  of  the  forest,  announces  that 
troops  of  elephants  arc  passing  along 
them  :  and  in  the  vanoii^  little  bays  and 
inlets  that  indent  the  banks  of  the  stream, 
flamingoes  msy  be  seen  standing  together 
in  pairs,  and  laving  with  water  their  scar- 
let wings ;  while  other  birds,  equal  in 
beauty,  but  still  more  shy  and  solitary, 
flutter  amongst  the  boshes,  or  make  their 
presence  known  only  by  the  melody  or 
strangeness  of  their  notes."  * 


The  '  kola  nut'  is  highly  esteemed  by  the  natives  of  this  country  ;  they 
{MM  in  nse  as  raoneyjf  as  the  cocoa-bean  did  amung  the  Mexicans,  and  eggs 
aflKNag  thft  people  of  the  Caraccas  and  in  Venezuela  ;  atidi  so  valuable  and 
acaroe  in  some  districts  are  they,  that  with  five  of  them  a  man  may  pur- 
chase a  wife.  While  both  the  northern  and  eouthern  extremities  of  Africa, 
though  under  happier  latitudes,  consist  but  of  arid  plains  and  deserts, 
writhoat  water  or  any  thing  but  a  stunted  and  acrid  vegetation,  this 
central  part,  betw  een  the  north  latitude  1  (jo  and  Cape  Negro  in  south 
latitDde  16o,  is  blessed  with  the  richest  profusion  and  plenty  that  nature 
csn  pour  into  its  bosom.  A  very  interesting  dissertation  on  the  character 
of  the  Negroes,  and  on  the  degraded  and  de[jlorable  European  society  in 
West  Africa,  closes  this  department  of  the  subject ;  but  it  would  not  admit 
of  abridgment  without  considerably  detracting  from  its  value.  The 
general  aspect  of  the  South  American  Ocean,  Mr.  liovvisou  says,  ia  moito- 
tODons  and  unpleasing.  it  is  generally  agitated  by  a  heavy  and  irregidar 
fweli,  which  suGTers  little  sensible  diminution  even  after  the  longest  caltoa 
tiiat  ever  occur  near  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  where  tiie  weather  is  almost 
■Iwmys  in  extremes,  being  cither  very  boisterous  or  very  serene.J  Thus  the 


•  Mr.  Howiaon  expresses  his  surprise  that  the  Romans  never  eihibitcd  in  their 
CSieoaes  the  '  Simia  Satyrus'  of  Senegal,  or  Ourang  Outang :  but  surely  nt  the  time 
«hca  the  wild  animals  were  more  plentiful  than  now  (for  Pompej  exhibited  400  lions 
iKoaea),  they  were  never  sought  for  at  such  a  distance  as  the  forests  of  Senegal  ? — 
bctidrs,  the  mature  or  full-grown  ourang  outang  would  be  most  difficult  to  take 
ifif«:  and  the  young  seem  incapable  of  living  long  in  climates  so  uncongenial  to  them 
aa  tboae  of  Europe.  Mr.  Bennet,  the  naturalist,  says  of  a  variety  of  this  animal, 
"HuU  it  moat  be  alroostan  impossibility  to  capture  an  adult  of  the  species  alive.'* 

't  Mr.  Howison  says  that  the  African  mines  of  gold  doubtless  exceed  in  richness  any 
I  in  the  world.  For  400  years  they  have  yielded  immense  quantities  of  gold  dust, 
what  they  retained  for  their  own  use  :  while  the  mines  and  large  mosses  of  the 
metal  are  still  unexplored  and  untouched  :  the  deadliness  of  the  climate  has  so 
tn^f  areaerred  West  Africa  from  European  cujiidity. 

t  Bpcafciiig  OD  the  subject  of  the  tremendous  waves  for  which  the  Cape  Sea  is  so 
Mlektltod,  Mr.  Howison  enters  into  a  diasertation  on  the  subject  of  the  real  heiyht  t^f 
itoavMV;  and,  after  some  ingenious  reasoning,  and  the  production  of  some  facts 
nlari~r  to  it,  he  cornea  to  the  conclusion,  that  the  actual  height  of  the  ioftietl  natural 
wmr  ft.  f.  a  wave  not  increased  mechanically  in  height  by  dn.shtDg  against  a  rock) 
■■Miusta  to  30  feet,  which  approaches  very  nearly  to  what  personal  obserration  had 
Wd  kia  to  consider  the  truth  in  this  matter.  In  speaking  of  the  probability  of  an 
JImimitie  Gmtmtnt,  which  we  conceive  to  be  fairly  inferred,  Mr.  H.  does  not  mention 
tW  poaaibility  of  an  extent  of  land  covered  livl  btf  a  very  shallow  sea,  and  henet 


I 


1 20  Homuon't  Views  of  Enropean  Colomet.  \Jfth, 

nangator  is  either  involved  in  a  tempest,  or  else  he  is  detained  by  cafans, 
and  lies  rolling  for  days  together  in  an  andnlating  sea.  The  want  of 
general  viinds  likewise  proves  a  great  obstacle  to  his  progress}  for  ia  tlie 
South  African  Ocean  it  scarcely  ever  blows  bat  from  the  noctli-west  and 
south-east,  either  of  which  winds  will  prevent  his  doubling  the  Cape, 
according  as  he  happens  to  be  bonnd  for  Eon^  or  India.  The  con- 
tinual turbulence  of  this  sea  is  necessarily  unfavourable  to  the  development 
of  animal  or  v^taUe  life,  and  it  presents  but  few  varieties  of  either. 
Here  the  coral  insect  rears  no  monument  of  his  labours — the  meduss  are  too 
fragile  to  exist — the  flying  fish  would  find  itself  benumbed  with  cdd,  and 
no  sooner  are  the  algae  detached  from  the  rocks,  than  they  are  torn  to 
pieces  by  the  waves.  Few  parts  of  the  ocean  are  more  solitary  and  less 
serene  than  the  South  African  Seas,  which,  thongh  situated  within  the 
neighbourhood  of  the  Tropics,  enjoy  little  of  that  tranquillity  and  produc- 
tiveness which  they  might  be  expected  to  derive  from  their  proximity  to  the 
sun.  Of  the  country  north  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which  lies  in  a  very 
favourable  latitude,  with  great  variety  of  surface,  and  enjoys  an  indulgent 
and  temperate  climate,  and  yet  which  presents  every  feature  <rf  a  wild  and 
blasted  desolation,  our  author  then  speaks — 

"  South  Africa  seems  to  be  a  worn-oat  •    •    •    •  Barrow's  ezplaiution  of  thii 

and  emaciated  country.    Its  mountaina,  anomaly  seems   more  satisfKtory  diam 

without  soil  or  rerdure,  resemble  skele-  any  other  that  has  yet  been  offered.     He 

tons ;  and  its  unwatered  plains,  incapable  says,  that  nearly  all  the  elevated  lands  of 

of  supplying  the  nourishment  necessary  South  Africa  consist  of  sandstone,  rest- 

for  the  process  of  vegetation,  are  like  an  ing  on  a  basis  of  granite,  which  latter 

animal  body,  in  which  the  drcolation  has  sometimes  rises  abore  the  general  sorlhoe 

ceased    from    disease    or   exhaustion.  *  of  the  country ;  but  is  more  commonly 

Here  we  find  none  of  the  rotund  forms  of  sunk  many  feet  below  it.     In  the  first 

youthful  nature,  but  wrinkles  and  decri-  case,  abundant  springs  are  always  found, 

pitude,  and  prostration  of  strength.   The  because  the  rain,  after  filtering  through 

plains  of  South  Africa  being  overwhelm-  the  porous  sandstone,  is  stopped  in  its 

ed  by  the  debris  of  its  own  mountains,  progress  downwards  by  the  dense  and 

may  we  not  suppose,  that,  before  this  impenetrable  granite,  and  is  forced  to 

took  place,  they  were  as  fertile  and  po-  find  egress  horizontally,  which  it  does  in 

pulous  as  they  are  now  barren  and  de-  the  form  of  springs  and  rivulets ;  but 

sert  ?  and  that  the  country  has  produced  when  the  upper  surface  of  the  stratum  of 

within  itself,  the  causes  of  its  own  de-  granite  lies  below  the  level  of  the  neigh- 

stniction,  as  is  the  case  with  Egypt,  where  oouring  country,  the  water  descends  in 

the  fertile  borders  of  the  Nile  are  conti-  the  same  way  till  it  meets  it,  and  then 

nually  narrowing  from  the  encroachments  runs  olT  under  ground,  unseen  of  man, 

of  the  sands  of  the  neighbouring  deserts,  and  useless  to  the  superincumbent  soil." 

It  is  on  this  view  of  the  utter  sterility  of  the  soil,t  and  from  the  want 
of  water,  invincible  by  the  art  of  man,  that  Mr.  Howison  observes,  that 

*  Mr.  Howison  mentions  it  as  remarkable  that  the  countries  lying  in  the  same 
parallel  of  latitude  as  South  Africa,  both  eastward  and  westward,  as  New  Holland 
and  South  America,  bear  a  strong  resemblance  to  her  in  their  physical  defects ;  and 
that  an  extraordinary  deterioration  both  of  animal  and  vegetable  nature  is  to  be  found 
south  of  the  tropic  (^f  Capricorn  1  Yet  the  forests  of  Patagonia,  and  part  of  the  forests 
of  Chili,  lie  beyond  this  line  ;  and  Humboldt  supposes  it  possible  that  the  diminutive 
lichens  and  mosses  of  Europe,  may  in  New  Holland  and  South  America,  aasnme 
ligneous  trunks,  and  rising  to  the  height  of  our  oaks,  form  immense  forests. 

t  Mr.  Howison  mentions,  that  in  many  parts  "  the  rains  have  become  more  scanty 
and  irregular,  the  streams  have  dried  up,  houses  and  farms  have  been  deserted,  luxu- 
riant pastures  become  barren.  No  rain  had  fallen  for  six  years,  and  the  unmoUtened 
channel  qf  the  Gamka  river  warned  the  inhabitants  to  emigrate  to  more  favoured 
situations ;  add  to  this,  that  the  locust  devoured  what  thepalmerwormhad  left"  Again, 
he  observes,  "  that  the  character  of  the  country  has  changed  much  for  the  worse  . 
during  the  last  century,  and  that  it  still  continues  so  to  do." 
I 


163a.] 


Howisou's  Vieu:s  of  European  Colonies. 


121 


"  the  ju(%ment  of  the  Dutch  was  Bound  t'nough  to  enable  them  to  perceive 
,  that  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  would  never  be  of  any  value  to  Holland^  or 
any  other  natioo,  except  as  a  place  of  refreshment  for  tjhips  engaged  in 
e  ludia  and  China  tnulc,  as  has  sinec  been  fully  veritied."  In  enume- 
tinjr  the  ^'ariety  of  animals  xvhicli  traverse  these  desolate  pLiiiig,  and  fiud 
wearily  in  tlieir  unapproachable  solitudes,  the  0/3(1^1-  tpij/iinF  of  the 
vrilderuess.  Mr.  Howisou  is  led  to  allude  to  the  alleged  existence  of  the 
Unicom,*  which,  with  Mr.  Barrow,  he  is  indined  to  believe,  and  considers 
the  g^oo  and  the  giraffe  to  be  animals  more  singular  and  fantastic  ;  and 
that  one  shaped  like  a  horse  with  a  single  horu,  may  be  supposed 
Irithoot  any  violation  of  probability.  Now  we  feel  jx^rfectly  assured  that 
tjo  sach  animal  was  ever  created,  or  ever  seen  by  man  :  a  wish  to  believe 
the  marvellous,  led  to  the  mistake  of  interpreting  the  projiie  of  an  antelope 
'or  an  Unicorn  ;  and  Cuvier  has  decidedly  proved  that  Xuturc,  ever  true  to 
own  wisdom,  would  not  have  placed  a  horn  where  it  would  have  had 
the  weakest  basis, — on  a  large  suture  of  the  skull.  The  travellers  and 
naturalists  have  had  their  dream^  and  now  let  us  licar  nothing;  more  of  the 
Unicorn,  except  in  the  King's  arms.  It  has  often  been  proposed  tonatn- 
lafizethat  patient  and  powerful  animal,  which  traverses  alike  the  deserts  of 
Arabia  and  the  plaitts  of  Hindostan.  and  which  from  the  earliest  records  of 
Eistorj',  has  been  the  faithful  servant  of  man.  through  the  days  of  the  pa- 
triarchs even  till  now ; — it  has  Ikcti  proposed  to  naturalize  the  camel  i"  in 
'Soath  Africa,  where  the  soil  and  eliimatc  would  ensure  the  succchs  of  the 
^^xperiment,  and  the  absence  of  \^htch  is  now  ini|terfectly  supplied  by  the 
native  oxen ;  btit  the  difficulty  of  tratisporting  them  from  India  across  a 
Itormy  and  troubled  ocean,  with  the  necessity  of  building  a  vessel  expressly 
modated  for  tliem,  with  unusual  height  between  decks,  has  hitljcrto 
nted  this  desirable  proposition  from  being  carried  into  execution.  Wc 
ink)  however,  that  Government,  with  the  great  means  it  has  in  its 
and,  might  overcome  the  difficulties.  If  such  a  man  as  the  late  cu- 
ghtened  Sir  Stamford  Raffles  were  Governor  of  the  Gape,  we  feci  sure 
.J^e  would  confer  this  boon  on  the  colony,  which  would  be  of  much 
ice  and  utility  than  hunting  fur  the  Unicorn.  But,  rdas  !  such  a 
♦Ctive,  so  intelligent,  so  disiuterested,  so  patriotic,  as  was  the 
Vnindcr  of  Singapore  and  of  the  Zoological  Society,  the  unwearied  fricnti 
icnce;  a  man  who  united  tlic  active  and  practical  wisdom  of  the  legis- 
;  to  the  culm  philosophical  learning  of  the  scholar  and  natiirtdist,  and 
in  his  own  pcison  exhibited  a  plucnoinenon  which  India  had  never 
t^n  before  —  of  one  who  joined  the  scientifie  knowledge  of  a  Cuvier 
Smd  a  Humboldt,  to  the  statesmanlike  sagacity  of  a  Hastijigs  and  a 
Wtllcsley  ; — such  a  n>an  is  but  ^seldom  found.  Like  the  illustrious  person 
4>f  uhuut  we  spi-ak, — he  is  left  to  find  in  his  own  approving  c<inscieucc, 
*ud  in  the  exercise  of  his  talents  and  benevolence,  his  exceeding  great 
reward. 


It  u  wril  known  thnt  the  natives  of  the  interior  nf  the  Cspe  destroy  the  moat 

tidouii  ftaimaJa  nucceobfully  with  poisoned  arrows  or  darts.     Mr.  Howieon  nyt, 

'that  the  ButcbmeD  pos^^ess  a  poi.son  more  virulent,  fntnl,  and  concentrated  than  any 

kJiacwrtrrcJ  ;  uui  that  ncitbcr  tJie  tecura  poison  of  the  lodianif  of  the  Amazon  river,  nor 

Ihe  Wcnirali  poUou  uf  the  natives  of  Guiana,  eijual  it  in  power  of  destruction.     It  in 

mid  to  oonaUt  of  the  venom  of  ttuakes,  of  poison  cxtraetcd  from  the  body  of  a  Lirge 

Uack  apUer,  aod  the  juice  of  the  bulb  of  the  hamanthua  toxicarius. 

A  eainel  will  carry  a  weight  of  $0<i  jtoiinds  with  ease,  and  travel  30  mites  a-day. 
pounda  ia  considered  a  full  weight  for  a  yoke  of  IS  oxen;  with  thii  they  will 
re*rb  daily  an  extent  of  l^  miles. 
Gk9IT.  Mac.  Vol..  111.  R 


122  Howuon's  Views  of  European  Colonies.  [Feb. 

In  his  chapter  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  Mr.  Howison  has  some  interesting 
observations  on  the  phosphoric  fire  of  the  tropical  seas,  which  he  traces 
with  Bory  St.  Vincent  to  the  vast  quantity  of  putrefied  animal  substances 
which  are  diffused  through  it,  and  which  emit  a  phosphoric  fire  either  by 
the  breaking  of  a  wave,  or  by  the  passing  of  a  ship  ^— on  the  formation  of 
pearls  ; — and  on  the  stupendous  powers  of  those  minute  insects  which  are 
covering  with  their  coral  architecture  the  bosom  of  three  oceans,  and  be- 
fore whose  united  labours  the  ponderous  battlements  of  the  old  kings  of 
Greece,  or  the  huge  masses  which  the  sacerdotal  monarchs  of  Egypt  built 
to  defy  all  time, — sink  into  utter  insignificance ; — works  which  neither 
Xerxes  nor  Alexander  could  perform,  these  poor  fragile  little  zoophytes  in 
their  aquatic  solitudes,  rear  with  such  power  and  skill,  that  not  all  the 
billows  of  the  Indian  Ocean  as  they  roll  against  them,  can  endanger  their 
security,  or  arrest  their  terrific  progress.  When,  however,  Mr.  How'son 
presumes  that  these  coral  masses  rise  from  the  very  bottom  of  the  deepest 
parts  of  the  ocean,  even  for  thousands  of  fathoms,  in  the  shape  of  a  pillar 
or  column ;  or  when  he  agrees  with  Peron,  the  French  naturalist, 
that  these  islands  are  raised  on  slender  stalks,  like  a  mushroom  on  its 
stem ;  we  pause,  before  we  relinquish  the  opinion  which  we  had  previously 
received,  that  the  insects  took  advantage  of  the  volcanic  masses  which 
are  lifted  up  in  the  bed  of  the  ocean,  and  used  them  as  the  foundation  of 
their  labours ;  an  opinion  much  supported  by  the  circular  architec- 
ture used,  which  seems  as  it  were  to  be  rising  like  a  wall  on  the  lip  or 
edge  of  an  extinct  crater ;  which  is  in  accordance  with  the  intuitive  halnts 
of  animals,  and  is  analogous  to  the  common  operations  of  nature.  In  pass- 
ing on  from  l\iQ  formation  of  these  islands,  to  the  manner  in  which  they 
become  clothed  with  vegetable,  and  covered  with  animal  life,  Mr.  Howison 
thus  observes : 

"  In  admitting  that  palm  trees,  which  perfeci,  at  ineontutent  with  rea»on,  phi- 
first  appear  on  emerging  coral  isIandB,  lotophy,  and  human  observation :  and 
have  in  most  cases  derived  their  existence  we  are  folly  warranted  in  believing  that 
from  nuts  borne  thither  by  the  winds  or  every  island,  whether  great  or  small,  con- 
waves,  I  am  far  from  believing  that  the  tains  within  its  own  soil  the  elements  and 
same  kind  of  plants  coold  not  in  due  time  instruments  of  vegetation  ;  that  it  will  in 
be  produced  upon  the  spots  in  question  due  time  be  covered  with  plants  of  na- 
without  foreign  assistance.  The  most  tural  and  spontaneous  growth,  and  of  a 
superficial  acquaintance  with  the  geogra-  kind  suitable  and  congenial  to  its  climate, 
phical  distribution  of  vegetables,  is  suffi-  We  can  account  for  the  extraordinary 
cient  to  convince  us  that  they  have  not  and  pertinacious  locality  of  many  spe- 
been  difFosed  over  the  world  from  one  cies  of  plants,  only  by  supposing  that  par- 
common  centre ;  and  that  every  track  of  ticular  soils  are  capable  of  evolving  par- 
country  that  emerges  from  the  ocean  ticnlarvegetable  forms  ai  origtne,  triMoti< 
does  not  depend  for  its  supply  of  plants  the  intervention  qf  seeds.  The  purest  gra- 
upon  the  accidental  circumstance  of  their  nite  rock  reduced  into  powder,  and  care- 
seeds  being  conveyed  to  it  by  currents  or  fully  preserved  from  any  possible  vegeta- 
by  birds,  or  even  by  the  winds,  as  is  still  ble  mixture,  would  doubtless,  after  being 
very  generally  supposed  ;*  a  mode  of  pro-  for  a  greater  or  less  period  exposed  to 
duction  so  uncertain,  clumsy,  and  im-  the  action  of  the  air,  produce  some  of 

*  Mr.  Howison  appears  to  be  a  very  accurate  and  acute  observer,  a  very  graceful 
and  eloquent  narrator,  but  a  very  moderate  logician.  See  vol.  I.  p.  49,  on  instinct ;  at 
pp.  5G,  &c.  on  the  savage  and  civilized  state.  On  the  probability  of  discovering  a  ship 
and  her  crew  embedded  in  ice,  like  insects  in  amber,  each  man  retaining  the  attitude 
in  which  he  died  30  or  40  years  before.  Vol.  II.  129.  He  believes  also  in  what  he  calls 
"  the  revolution  of  the  earth  at  right  angles  to  the  ecliptic,"  which  has  been  com- 
pleted in  the  lapse  of  countless  ages."  Is  there  a  leading  philosopher  in  Europe 
who  would  take  this  hypothesis  as  the  basis  of  a  system  i 


1835.] 


Homson's  Vievs  of  European  Colonies. 


the  pl&nts  of  the  country  In  which  the 
experiment  was  tried.  If  ail  vegetables 
were  prodaced  at  one  common  centre^ 
mad  from  thence  gradually  difTuicd  over 
the  world,  how  happens  it  that  we  cannot 
trace  their  course  and  progress  from  one 
country^  to  aaother,  inbtead  of  finding 
IBMljf  species  of  them  insulated,  as  it 
ae«in«,ia  remote  quarters  of  the  globe,  and 
utterly  unknown  any  where  else ;  the 
eactt  existii  in  equinoctial  A.iiierica  aloue ; 
the  dread -fruit  tree  has  never  been  ob- 
•erred  except  in  the  islands  of  the  South 
Paci<><: ;  tlie  Protco  Argcntia  is  peculiar 
to  the  kouthcrn  promontory  of  tlie  Capo 
of  Good  Hojm:  ;  (lie  clove  and  nutmeg 
tre«-«  arc  aa  decidedly  iniU^nous  to  the 
Malacca  Archipelairu,  aa  the  tea-plant  is 
to  China :  in  short,  no  connexion  what- 
rvrr  oan  be  traced  between  the  vegetable 
productions  of  different  countries,  ex- 
cept what  may  be  supposed  to  depend  on 
the  aiuiilarity  of  the  climates  in  which 
tJiey  respectively  grow.  It  teetM»  probable 
imdted  that  ntw  tpedet  of  plant*  are  daily 
raminff  into  esitience,  and  that  there  arc 
BO  liniits  to  the  subordinate  varieties  of 
what  occur  in  the  vegetable  world.  Forty 
jrm%  afo,  the  plants  observed  by  botn- 
aisU  diid  not  exceed  36,000,  but  they 
•mmiit  *t  present  to  upwards  of  5(),(KK>, 


from  the  jiersevering  researches  of  mo- 
dern  travellers,  than  from  that  dfcelup- 
memt  ftf  new  vegetable  forms  wliich  ap. 
pears  to  be  continually  going  oq  in  all 
parts  of  the  world,  and  particubrly  in  the 
equinoctial  regions,  I  am  inclined  to 
believe  that  animat»  are  often  generated 
in  jilaces  where  none  of  the  sjiecies  have 
before  appeared  or  existed.  It  is  proba- 
ble tliat  the  principle  of  organization, 
after  passing  tliircugb  a  series  of  the  sim- 
plest forms  of  exihtence,  acquires  n  de- 
gree of  intensity  and  j)crfection,  which 
enables  it  to  dcvelo^M:  itself  under  thn.w 
characters  which  btlcing  to  the  higt  "ir 
order  of  quadrupeds.  It  is  well  known 
that  we  can  at  pleasure  produce  those 
living  forms  called  infusoria  by  the  ad- 
mixture of  particular  substances,  and  that 
we  oan  even  choose  which  species  of 
tliem  we  shall  bring  into  existence  ;  the 
ij{ftuioi'ia  are  unquestionably  living  and 
intelligent  beings;  and  it  is  perfectly  )ios- 
silde  that  we  might  by  some  particular 
process,  such  as  nature  may  constantly 
be  carrying  on,  im]irove  their  organiza- 
tion to  such  a  decree,  is  gradually  to 
raise  them  higher  in  the  scale  of  aniniols, 
and  to  c-ausc  their  development  into  a 
superior  and  more  perfect  form  of  ex- 
istence.'* 


•a  incTMse  arising  not  more    perhaps 

Mr.  Howisoxi  proceeds  at  some  Icngtli  in  what,  in  the  present  advanced 
state  of  scientific  knowledge^  we  must  call  most  crude  and  unphilosophi- 
caj  conjectarea.  Tlie  peculiar  locality  and  liabitntiort  of  difTereut  plants 
mad  animals  is  a  subject  both  of  great  curiosity  and  diilicutty' :  and  we  arc 
coorinccd  that  we  Lave  not  the  materials  at  coininand  necessary  to  its 
Bolotaun.  To  give  a  satisfactory'  account,  we  must  know  not  only  by 
what  the  present  form  of  the  world  ig,  but  what  the  form  was:  what  an- 
dcot  causeways,  long  since  broken  up  and  destroyedj  traversed  the  great 
bosocD  of  the  oeoan^  connecting  land  to  land,  and  enabling  the  inhabitants 
•f  one  region  of  the  earth  to  migrate  to  the  other:  we  roust  know  the 
dianges  that  hare  taken  place  in  reasons,  and  iu  the  jiosition  of  land  and 
Water ;  and  the  successive  alterations  in  the  surface  of  the  globe :  but 
tkese  being  nufortunately  removed  beyond  our  reach,  the  problem  which 
Wi.  Howibon  solves,  in  the  powerful  menstruum  of  his  logic,  is  to  ns 
'O"  rai  incognitaf.  Even  Humbuldt  himself  is  contented  to  commence 
investigations  of  the  forms  of  nature  many  steps  below  tlic  point 
wtiicb  Mr.  Howison  starts  :  but  wlie:i  he  calU  the  method  which 
Datarc  wlopts,  to  diffuse  her  productions  over  the  globe,  clumsy  and  un- 
mimrai,  wc  most  beg  leave  to  use  our  ovvi]  judgment  in  pronouiicing  the 
Mae  process  as  appearing  to  us  both  beautiful  and  simple,  and  analogous  to 
r  other  operations.  To  eutriist  the  light  downy  seed  vessels  on  their  Lil- 
ctisn  wiags,  to  the  care  of  the  Zephyr  ;  to  waft  a  fleet  of  cocoa-nuts  on 
of  the  ocean  ;  to  preserve  them  in  their  enteqirizing  voyage, 
I  them  with  accuracy  by  the  cuirrcnts  and  tides  to  their  allotted 
to  send  a  llock  of  albatrosses,  or  petrels,  to  fertilize  a  new  and 
barren  reef ;  to  bid  the  soft  gales  of  Ocean  breathe  with  their  humid 
on  llie  baricn  and  hcrblcss  rock  ,  to  unchain  the  sea-weed  from  its 


I 


124  Hmeiion  s  Views  of  European  Coloniet,  QFeb. 

subterrancoils  prison,  and  spread  it  on  the  hungry  shore : — these  gentle 
movements  of  Nature,  assisted  by  the  elements,  the  handmaid  of  her  will, 
appear  to  ns  congenial  to  the  intentions  of  Providence,  and  holding  out  the 
best  examples  for  the  imitation  of  man.  Mr.  Howison's  creative  sys- 
tem, which  he  would  adopt  in  its  stead,  is  one  we  had  thought  long  for- 
gotten'by  the  friends  of  science.  We  neither  believe  in  his  spontaneous 
production,  which  is  contrary  to  all  observation  and  analogy  ;  nor  do  we 
concede  to  him,  that  Nature  is  now  busy  as  in  the  days  of  old,  in  her 
work  of  creation  ;  giving  birth  to  new  forms  of  animal  and  vegetable  life  : 
for,  by  pursuing  his  argument,  we  have  aright  fairly  to  maintun  that  a  new 
race  of  human  beings  may  even  now  be  preparing  in  thej^igantic  womb: 
that  even  a  molusca  might  "  improve  its  oi^anization  to  such  a 
degree,  as  gradually  to  rise  to  a  superior  and  more  perfect  form  of  exis- 
tence," and  perhaps  in  time  write  a  treatise  on  the  Colonies  of  £urope,  and 
philosophise  on  the  evolutions  of  the  globe  :  and  as  for  his  seeds  and  fruits, 
and  embryo  trees,  that  spring  out  of  the  heart  of  his  granite  rock,  we  know 
no  microscope  that  would  detect  organic  remuns  in  a  crystallized  cradle,  or 
find  anything  in  the  infusoria  but  simple  organic  molecules  ;  but  we  cer- 
tainly should  like  to  be  present  when  a  granitic  island,  or  coral  reef,  was 
taken  in  the  labour  of  parturition ;  and  when,  brought  to  light  by  its  mater- 
nal throes,  the  kangaroo  or  opossum  appeared  to  afford  evidence,  that 
species  and  perhaps  genera  still  unknown  exist  dormant  in  their  sepul- 
chres of  stone,  till  the  hammer  of  the  mineralo^st,  or  some  other  agent, 
delivers  them  from  their  primeval  imprisonment. 

We  must  pass  over,  for  want  of  room,  the  whole  division  of  the  work 
which  relates  to  India ;  and  this  we  do  with  regret,  as  it  is  written  with 
much  spirit  and  knowledge,  and  the  part  relating  to  a  promiscuous  and 
unrestrained  colonization  of  India,  with  the  evils  and  dangers  attending 
it,  is  well  worthy  the  consideration  of  those  to  whom  such  high  and  im- 
])ortant  matters  are  entrusted.  In  his  discourse  on  the  Arctic  regions, 
Mr.  Howison  falls  foul  of  all  those  who  put  their  trust  in  the  wonders  of 
the  Scandinavian  narrations,  and  he  consigns  all  this  matter  at  once  into 
the  fabulous  regions.  He  says  the  "  fiction  of  the  fabulous  kraken,  or 
sea-serpent,  is  unmeaning,  ineffective,  and  insipid."  What  nill  he  say 
when  he  reads  the  following  letter  from  one  of  the  most  enlightened, 
learned,  and  profound  naturalists  in  Europe.  "  The  famous  American 
serpent  is,  at  length,  ascertiuned  to  be  no  fiction.  It  seems  that  there 
has  been  always  a  rumour  of  this  animal.  Aldrovandus  mentions  it 
among  others  ;  however,  it  has  never  been  caught  or  described.-  It  has 
now  been  seen  by  300  people  at  once,  and  hopes  are  entertained  that 
ere  long  this  will  be  taken  ;  it  is  of  immense  size  and  length."  So  writes 
to  a  friend  the  late  learned  Bishop  of  Carlisle,  the  author  of  the  work  on 
the  British  Carices :  while,  however,  he  rejects  one  class  of  monsters, 
our  author  is  not  unwilling  to  reveal  tiie  icy  chambers  where  the  skeletons 
of  other  classes  have  so  long  reposed. 

<  *  Tlie  whole  coast  of  Siberia  13  strewed  that  part  of  the  earth  seems  to  have  been 

with  mammoth  boaes ;  but  the  Liachoff  the  general  cemetery  of  these  inhabitants 

Islands,  lying  near  to  it  in  the  frozen  of  a  world  anterior  to  our  own.     The 

ocean,  and  first  discovered  and  visited  by  great  territory  called  New  Siberia,  which 

the   Cossack    Wolstrog,    1776,    consist  extends  to  the  north  of  the   Strait  of 

almost  entirely  of  the  skeletons  of  pro-  Bones,  presents  also  many  similar  indi- 

•ligi.ms  animals     of    the    elephant  and  cations  of  tbe  catastrophes  to  which  our 

rhinoceros    kind,   which    exist    in   such  planet  has  been  subjected.     And  in  ad- 

qiiaatiUts  that  according  to  Malte  Brun  dition  to  these,  the  remains  of  monstrous 


1835.] 


Hoxeison's  Vieicg  of  Ettropean  Colonies. 


12: 


birds,  0  kind  of  remains  which  are  found 
atmott  no  Ufhere  eUe.  M.  Hedenstrcm, 
we  are  informed,  haa  brought  from  thence 
feathers  aod  claws  which  muet  have  be- 


longed to  birda  three  or  four  times  as 
large  as  our  condors  ;  and  he  mentions 
having  sevn  long  rows  of  |»€trified  wood 
in  the  shape  of  square  beams," 


An  interesting  chapter  follows,  regarding  the  presumed  fate  of  that 
Norwegian  colony  which  had  settled  on  the  shore  of  Eaat  Grociiland, 
daring  the  time  that  the  Arctic  seas  permitted  an  nnintemiptcd  navi- 
gation to  that  part  of  the  coast  for  three  stiairaer  mouths  :  but  which,  in 
after  times,  suddenly  and  fearfully  closed  round  them,  with  a  barrier  of 
ice  nnapproachablc  and  iramo^-eable,  and  of  an  extent  of  ttiirty  uiiSes. 
Cut  off  from  ever)'  branch  of  ttietr  former  siisterinnce,  deprived  of  the 
cattle  exported  from  Norw-ay,  of  the  drift  wood  which  the  currents 
brooght  to  their  shore,  of  their  extensive  fisheries,  we  can  hardly  spe- 
calat«!  on  the  possibility  of  their  existence  under  such  privations.  If  they 
do  aurviw,  we  can  coujectnre  pretty  correctly  what  is  the  nature  of  their 
flttaation :  but  Mr.  Houison  is  good  enough  to  inform  us  what  it  is  not, 
"  Should  the  colony  of  East  (ireeidand  hereafter  Ije  found  in  existence,  its 
first  Europt'an  visitor  will  assuredly  not  discover  there  any  overgrown  church 
tttabliifhment ,  the  majority  of  Its  ministers  indifferent  to  the  interests  of 
tlie  religion  which  they  profess  to  teach,  and  tlins  forcing  the  virtuous  part 
of  the  people  to  seek  moral  consistency  in  sectarianistn,  and  affording  the 
depraved  and  licentious  a  plausible  pretext  for  iufidehty ;  neither  wilt 
he  discover  there  a  set  of  men  ivho  consider  knowledge  and  education 
as  wore  essential  to  the  poor  than  elothincf  and  fond  j  neither  mil  he 
6nd  there  a  class  of  people  who  affect  to  be  the  personificiition  of  beue- 
volcncc  and  philanthropy."  &c.  Neither,  we  may  add,  woidd  it  be  likely 
that  he  should  find  there  a  constitution  consisting  of  King,  Lords,  and 
Commons  j  neither  would  tlicir  principal  town  have  a  Lord  Mayor  and 
Aldermen,  nor  the  President  of  their  Rflyal  Society  be  a  King's  son,  nor 
tJic  Lord  High  Chancellor  make  speeches  at  corporation  dinners  ;  neither 
MTOuld  there  l>e  a  great  rage  for  novel-reading  among  the  ladies  j  neither 
would  theix'  I)u  much  demand  for  parasols,  ice-creams,  or  muslin  dresses, — 
all  which  coDJcctnrcs  we  take  to  be  (piite  as  ingenious  aud  probable  aS  the 
aou-oxistcnce  of  Mr.  Howison's  overyrmrn  church  e^taitlishmcnff  or  com- 
ItcfS  of  phUuuthroptsts.  \\'e  must  now,  however,  conclude  with  laying 
fore  our  readers  Mr.  Howison's  sentiments  on  certain  potitical  dangers 
which  he  foresees ;  and  his  explanation  of  the  i^candiuaviau  allegory  in  which 
they  arc  involved. 


"  The  gods,  pleased  with  the  beanty 
ipparrot  harmletsness  of  the  young 
,  Penris,  nursed  and  educated  him 
nj  IhcioseJvcs  ;  but  aftur  some  time, 
be  ^rew  so  tierce  aud  duDgerous  tltnt 
tiity  firtind  it  necessary  for  their  own 
nfrty  to  bind  Itim  with  chains ;  which 
up  to  the  present  time  restrained  the  ex- 
na*^  of  his  rage,  ]iut  which  he  will  at 
kogtb  break,  and  riuhibg  forth  with  un- 
rentrollahle  fury  destroy  both  god  a  and 
■MS.  In  thit  allegory  we  have  a  correct 
fwpmu-tiLttinn  of  the  progress  and  result 
of  vn  of  knowledge  among  the 

|i»i'  -  of  society  in  fiirilized  cotin- 

lfie«.  (ivDcial  eilnwition  is  the  Fenria 
wUeb  we  are  now  brtn^tn^  up,  rharmcd 
with  ita  external  aspect ,  aud  uuobser\ant 


of  its  real  and  natural  character;  although 
the  monster  has  ulready  hf^nn  \n  lie  for- 
midable to  itB  i)rote(;turs,  and  though  the 
hour  is  qiiickJy  approaching  when  he  will 
break  loose  and  turn  upon  themselves, 
and  make  them  his  first  victims.  Wlien 
the  mass  of  the  h)wcr  order  of  society  in 
Great  Britain  shall  have  become  suffi- 
ciently enlightened  and  instructed  to  tmn- 
lyae  their  own  condition,  and  to  contrast 
it  with  that  of  their  superiors;  when  they 
shall  perceive  thnt  the  national  wealth  is 
daily  narrowing  the  sphere  of  itJ<  distri. 
bntion,  and  will  at  length  become  almost 
excluiftTfily  concentrated  in  the  hands  of 
aristocratic,  mercantile,  and  clerical  ma- 
nojio lists  ;  when  they  *lwill  discover  that 
these  bodies  have  no  coiumuaitv  of  in- 


I 


Dt     lU-       H 


126  HoMfison's  Views  of  European  Colonies.  [Feb. 

terest  with    themadTes,  and  that  they  materials.     A  catastrophe  of  this  kind 

wish  to  be  regarded  as  privil^fed,  aatho-  can  be  delayed  or  prevented  only  by  the 

ritative,   and   distinct  branches  of  hu-  placing  of  impediments  in  die  way  of  the 

man  society, — then  will  they  bring  into  further  diffusion  of  knowledge  amongst 

practical  use  the  knowledge  that  is  now  the  lower  classes  ;  since,  situated  as  they 

diffused  among  them,  and  convert  it  into  are,  and  probably  must  ever  be,  they  can 

an  engine  of  revolution  and  destruction  ;  e^joy  contentment  and  live  in  sociality, 

and  assisted  by  it,  break  into  pieces  our  and  feel  reconciled  to  a  state  of  subordi. 

complicated  social  machine,  and  throw  nation,  only  so  long  as  they  are  allowed  to 

into  irremediable  disorder  its  ill-assorted  remain  ignorant  and  uninstructed." 

Mr.  Howison  has  a  right  to  express  the  convictions  of  his  judgment 
with  the  same  freedom  as  he  will  grant  to  those  who  differ  from  him ;  but 
we  think  his  proposition  for  restraining  the  education,  and  confining  the 
knowledge  of  the  lower  orders  of  the  community,  to  be  in  the  first  place 
unwbe,  and  in  the  second  impossible.  Let  Mr.  Howison  recollect  this 
fact,  that  when  the  lower  orders  are  grossly  ignorant,  the  upper  ranks  of 
society  are  also  unenUghtened ;  that  an  intelligent,  learned,  and  wise 
aristocracy,  could  not  exist  together  with  a  dark  and  ignorant  populace, 
under  a  government  and  constitution  similar  to  ours ;  and  that  the  two 
could  alone  be  found  in  tyrannic  and  despotic  states :  if  such  an  anomalous 
bisection  of  the  moral  and  intellectual  powers  of  the  people  could  exist,  it 
would  inevitably  alter  the  whole  frame- work  and  spirit  of  the  laws  and 
government.  Secondly,  that  it  is  vain  to  regret,  and  useless  to  recall  to 
our  recollection,  the  days  of  innocence  and  simplicity,  (if  any  such  ex- 
isted) when  content  and  frugality  provided  for  the  wants  and  secured  the 
happiness  of  the  people,  and  when  moderate  labour  assured  independence 
and  plenty  j  when  the  efforts  of  men  were  not  compressed  by  ceaseless 
competition,  and  either  driven  to  new  channds,  or  goaded  to  desperate 
and  dangerous  exertion  in  the  old ;  when  man  might  almost  lire,  as  a 
confiding  pensioner  on  the  common  bounty  of  nature. 

Content  and  careless  of  to-morrow's  fare. 

Those  days  of  primeval  innocence  are  fled  for  ever ;  or  if  they  still  exist,  we 
mnst  seek  them  on  other  and  happier  shores ;  while  the  days  of  vigilant 
industry,  of  patient  self-denial,    of  struggling  fortitude,  and  of  active 
virtue,  and  all  the  sterner  duties  of  life,  have  succeeded  them.    By  the 
sweat  of  the  brow,  and  the  toil  <of  the  hand,  and  the  labour  of  the  mind,  is 
the  bread  of  life  alone  to  be  procured.     Great  exertions  and  great  sacri- 
fices are  now  demanded  of  the  labouring  poor  :  to  them  therefore  most  be 
given  sufficient  principles  and  powers  to  support  them.    We  may  r^ret 
that  such  is  the  case ;  or  we  may  more  wisely  reconcile  onrselves  to  a 
change,  that  in  the  progress  of  society  must  of  necessity  sooner  or  later 
take  place :  but  let  not  Mr.  Homson  feel  discouraged,  if  the  education  of 
the  lower  orders  has  not  yet  produced  the  benefits  which  have  been  anti- 
dpated.    As  the  fermentation  precedes  and  prepares  the  formation  of  the 
wine,  so  it  is  the  nature  of  a  commencing  knowledge,  as  it  breaks  through 
the  dark  walls  of  the  benighted  mind,  to  bewilder  and  dazzle,  and  perhaps 
lead  astray  ;  the  first  fruit  produced  is  cmde  and  immature ;  half-formed 
principles,  wild  theories,  abortive  projects,  fantastic  speculations,   flit 
across  the  dawning  intellect ;  but  they  gradually  give  way  and  disappear, 
as  the  mind  becomes  more  invigorated  and  enlarged;    and  reason  and 
judgment  take   the  place   of  obstinacy,   prejudice,  and  violence.     We 
think  that  the  experience  of  modem  Europe  is  decidedly  against  Mr. 
Howison's  conclusions :  we  consider  the  safety  of  its  different  kingdoms  to  be 


1835.3  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  127 

in  proportion  to  the  intelligence  of  the  public ;  and  we  think  that  Prussia 
is  richly  reaping  the  reward  of  its  most  enlightened  government,  in  the 
increasing  tranquillity,  content,  and  prosperity  of  its  commonwealth.  True 
to  the  laws  of  Nature  and  the  decrees  of  Providence,  as  the  thistle  and 
the  briar  spring  up  with  the  corn  and  the  green  herb,  so  do  evil  and 
imperfection  mingle  with  the  good  things  that  belong  to  man.  Truth 
may  be  full  of  danger,  virtue  may  produce  unhappiness,  and  even  the 
commands  of  God  may  appear  to  lead  to  results  that  would  startle  obe- 
dience ;  but  wisdom  is  shown  in  the  choice  which  she  makes  amid  op- 
posing difficulties  :  and  so  plainly  do  we  believe  that  we  observe  the  hand 
of  Providence  in  the  great  changes  taking  place,  that  were  it  in  our  power, 
we  should  not  care  to  stretch  out  a  finger  to  arrest  the  motion  of  those 
wheels,  that  we  believe  most  firmly  are  carrying  with  them  that  intelli- 
gence and  knowledge,  which  point  to  the  increased  happiness  and  the  im- 
proved destinies  of  Man. 


DIARY  OP  A  LOVER  OF  LITERATURE. 
(Contimted  from  p.  18.) 

1809. 
Feb.  5.  Read  Gilpin's  Tow  in  North  Wales ;  which  disappoints  me 
greatly.  He  saw  litde  of  my  favourite  region,  which  I  should  most  have 
wished  him  to  explun  ;  and  what  he  did  see,  he  does  not  appear  to  have 
riewed  with  good  humour.  His  visit  from  Swandonia  to  Bangor,  is  parti- 
cularly unsatisfactory ;  and  of  the  Vale  of  Llangollen,  which  be  so  immea- 
sorabr^  extols,  how  litUe  did  he  examine,  and  that  not  the  best  part  of  it, 
— <mly  from  Vale-Crucis  to  the  town  !  Gilpin  appears  to  have  little  relish 
for  the  vast,  savage,  gigantic,  and  sublime  in  nature  ;  a  scene  with  him 
must  be  picturesque,  or  it  is  faulty.  One  becomes  at  length  impatient  of 
this  sickly  taste.  He  remarks,  *  that  a  bright  air  gives  clearness,  a  misty 
softness  to  a  scene ;  the  former  gives  a  greater  scope  to  the  eye,  the  latter 
to  the  imagination.'  In  his  Tour  to  the  Lakes  of  Cumberland,  the  imme- 
diate preparation  to  his  description  of  the  Lakes,  is  most  exquisitely  and 
splendidly  written  ;  nothing  can  exceed  the  felicity  of  the  thoughts  and 
Action. 

Feb.  21.  In  the  second  volume  of  Gilpin's  Cumberland,  he  observes, 
'  The  perfection  of  painting  consists,  not  so  much  in  an  exact,  minute  re- 
presentation of  nature,  which  is  impracticable,  as  in  exciting  the  imagina- 
tion to  form  that  representation  by  strong  characteristic  touches ;'  and  a 
sketch,  he  contends,  pleases  often  beyond  a  finished  piece  ;  not,  as  Burke 
supposes,  because  it  promises  something  more, — but  because  it  has  the 
power  of  creating  something  more  than  itself,  by  suggesting  to  the  ima^- 
nation  of  the  spectator  what  the  ima^nation  will  often  supply  better  than 
the  artist  could  have  effected.  The  imagination,  he  happily  observes,  in 
the  gloom  of  twilight,  paints  many  images,  which  have  no  existence  on  the 
dead  colouring  of  nature. 

Feb.  22.  Began  Currans  Speeches :  —  forcibly  argnmentativc,  and 
boldly  figurative ;  but  in  both  there  is  a  certain  coarseness  and  rankness 
of  Irish  growth,  very  offensive  to  a  chaste  and  delicate  taste. 

Feb.  24.  Read  the  first  six  chapters  in  Laing's  History  of  Scotland, 
of  his  laborious  dissertation  on  Mary's  participation  in  the  murder  of 
Damley ;  the  three  first  of  which  leave  no  donbt  in  my  mind  of  her  guilt. 


1 28  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  [Feb. 

In  the  4th  chap,  he  remarks, — 'a  man  inured  to  extraordinary  doqaence^ 
whose  mind  is  accustomed  only  to  popular  arguments,  and  his  tongue  to 
loose  and  prompt  declamation,  never  writes  with  such  ludd  arrangement, 
with  such  accuracy  of  thought,  or  compression  of  style,  as  a  professed 
author,  who  thinks  no  labour  too  great  for  what  is  bequeathed  to  poste- 
rity.' This  is  very  just.  Afterwards,  he  observes  that  '  the  most  accom- 
plished scholars  would  in  vain  attempt  to  imitate  v^  female  letter -writer, — 
An  incessant  volubility,  and  easy  chit-chat,  in  the  habitual  amplification  of 
the  most  trivial  objects,  and  in  the  quick  and  incoherent  transitions  of 
female  sentiment,  passions,  prejudices,  intrigues,  and  pursuits.'  This  is 
very  happy. 

Feb.  26.  Read  Curran's  speech  on  Rowan's  cause ;  a  most  masterly 
piece  of  eloquence,  at  once  forcible  and  impassioned,  and  brightened  with 
allusions,  metaphors,  and  imagery,  felicitous,  appropriate  and  new.  He 
admits  that  all  that  the  great  body  of  a  people  of  any  country  can  have 
from  government  is  a  fair  encouragement  for  their  indostry,  and  protection 
for  the  fruits  of  their  labour ;  and  that,  if  they  abandon  their  stations 
under  the  pretence  and  in  the  vain  hope  of  governing  themselves,  they 
must  become  the  dupes  and  the  victims  of  their  own  folly.'  On  the 
whole,  these  are  powerful  and  masterly  pieces  of  eloquence,  the  offspring 
of  a  vigorous  understanding  and  fervid  fancy ;  only  a  little  too  strong  for  a 
weak  stomach. 

March  4.  Perused  the  Edinburgh  Reriew.  Their  view  of  Warburton 
is  very  masterly,  and  severely  just :  though  this  is  a  sort  of  literature  in 
which  I  should  not  expect  t6  find  them  versed.  On  W.'s  vaunted  disco- 
very, that  a  future  state  of  retribution  is  necessary,  because  human  laws 
controul  merely  by  the  fear  of  punishment,  and  not  the  hope  of  reward, 
they  remark,  that  human  passions  made  it  requisite  for  human  laws  to 
undertake  the  regulation  of  punishment,  whereas  reward  might  be  left  to 
individual  gratitude,  and  is  so  left.  On  his  other  discovery,  that  moral 
obligation  in  the  dernier  resort ^  depends  on  the  will  of  God, — they  re- 
mark, that  such  a  will  is  obligatory  only  as  it  implies  a  power  to  affect  our 
happiness,  and  is  consequently  only  a  particular  instance  of  the  doctrine 
of  utility  in  the  foundation  of  virtue.  I  cannot  agree  with  this, -for  there 
may  be  a  sympathy  even  with  Omnipotence. 

March  31.  In  Gilpin's  Scottish  Tour,  I  am  not  quite  satisfied  with  the 
reasons  he  assigns  for  the  bold  arcemum  which  he  discloses  in  the  1 6th 
section, — That  in  picturesque  representation,  it  is  necessary  to  represent  a 
distant  mountain  larger  than  its  real  and  proportional  size,  to  give  it  its 
just  effect.  That  nature's  scale  is  so  vast,  compared  vrith  that  which  a 
scrap  of  paper  or  canvass  affords,  seems  not  sufficient ;  for  if  the  propor- 
tion of  parts  were  observed,  the  Ulusion,  one  would  think,  might  in  mirua- 
ture  be  complete,  and  at  a  certain  distance  all  accurate  representations 
must  be  full  sized,  must  subtend  as  \&t^  angles  to  the  eye,  as  the  objects 
themselves  in  nature.  That  nature  furnishes  so  many  more  objects  of 
comparison,  than  can  be  exhibited  on  canvass  or  paper,  is  a  more  pregnant 
suggestion.  Yet  still  I  am  not  content.  A  miniature  portrait  held  a  foot 
from  the  eye  subtends  as  large  an  angle  as  the  person  himself  at  twelve 
feet ;  but  then  the  lineaments  are  made  far  more  distinct  than  they  ought 
to  be,  if  the  person  himself  was  represented  as  a  figure  at  that  distance. 
There  is  something  in  all  this,  which  wants  clearing  up. 

April  10.  Began  Gonzale's  Voyage  to  England,  in  Pinkerton's  Collec- 
tion, 1330>. '  He  sp«aks  highly  of  the  air  of  Suffolk.  Norwich,  he  states, 
2 


(835  J 


Diartf  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


12D 


thirty  years  back,  «-as  coropiited  to  contain  50,000  irjhabitatits.  It  is 
curioas  to  observe  with  what  diflcrent  eyes  difTerent  persons  travel.  Weat- 
uiorcland  he  describes  as  a  hilly,  marshy  county,  and  pities  the  jwjor  inha- 
bitants ;  and  Dove-bank,  on  the  banks  of  the.  Dove,  he  characterises  as 
the  best  feeding  grroimd  in  England.  The  description  of  London  and  the 
manners  of  its  inhabitants,  is  highly  curious.  He  speaks  of  the  sumptuous 
housed  inhabited  by  persons  of  (piality  in  Queen-street  and  Queen-square, 
AVestininster,  As  ranch  good  wliile  bread,  he  says,  may  be  Iwught  for 
three  half[>ence  or  twopence,  as  will  berve  an  Englishman  a  day  ;  good 
itroDg  beer  may  be  had  of  the  brewer  at  twopence,  and  at  the  alehouses 
at  threepence  per  quart.  Fort  wine  he  values  at  2s.  the  quart,  or  IS/. 
or  20/.  the  hogshead  ;  and  French  wines,  from  the  doty,  double  the  price. 
A  coiich  and  pair  of  horses,  ten  shillings  the  day  ;  a  sculler  threepence  for 
two  rnUes  ;  a  goml  liorse  lets  for  four  shillings  a  day,  an  ordinar\'  one  for 
2f.  dd. ;  a  hunter  for  the  city  hounds,  with  hberty  of  huating  an  EiigUsh 
chase  once  a  week  in  the  season,  accompanied  by  many  young  gentlemen 
and  tradesmen,  at  5».  \)Ct  day.  He  speaks  of  meeting  in  the  coffee-houses 
afler  dinner  at.  four.  And  again,  a!l  the  world  get  abroad  (tfler  dinner, 
between  four  and  five,  in  their  gayest  equipHge.s,  bound  to  plays,  operas, 
tnajupiemdes,  and  concerts,  &.c.  Houses  of  PnTlitiment  meet  at  noon. 
The  post  comes  in  every  other  day.  The  two  Houses  commonly  sit  from 
nine  tiU  one,  but  on  urgent  occasions  protract  the  sitting,  and  do  business 
by  caudle-light.  This  is  a  very  sound,  minute,  and  accurate  description 
of  our  island,  statistical,  civil,  and  moral  ;  but  fails  in  that  sort  of  interest 
which  we  expect  from  a  foreigner's  narrativc>  ia  imparting  a  stranger's 
impressions  at  what  he  saw  among  us. 

April  25.    Miss  P came  in  after  dinner,  on  Mrs.  A *§  embrouil- 

kmt  with  us,  definitively.  The  arrogance  of  these  proud  pretenders  to 
Auniiy  is  intolerable.  High  descent  may  be  a  graceful  plume  to  crown 
other  accomplishmeuts  and  attainnkcnts  ;  but  without  them  it  Is  an  o!itrich 
fadker  stuck  in  a  gipsy's  hat,  only  displaying  more  strikingly  by  con- 
trast tlie  rags  and  beggary  of  the  wearer. — Gave  a  gentle   whipping  to 

^tifts  C.  E for  an  insolent  letter  I  received  from  her  yesterday. 

i^pnV  28.  Began  Des  Maiseaux'a  Vie  de  St.  Evremotid.  Des  Cartes,  it 
uppears,  seriously  flattered  hiuisclf  with  the  persuasion  that  he  had  disco- 
mcd  3  recipe  which  would  prolong  life  for  many  centuries  ;  a  strange 
4dasioii  for  so  acute  a  philosopher  !  St.  Evremond,  it  appears,  early  iieg- 
kcted  the  study  of  physics  as  a  hopeless  pursuit,  and  sccuis  to  have  con- 
ftdcred  morals,   politics,  and  the  belles  lettres,  as  the  only  subjects  worth 

application  *  d'un  honnr'te  Immnie.'     So  strong  is  national  prejudice^ 

he  in6nitely  prefers  the  French  '  maniere  de  chanter'  to  the  Italian ; 

even  thinks  that  'ilnyaque  le  Francois  qui  chante.'  Delicacy  of 
viands  and  tvines  seems  to  have  entered  much  into  tlic  higher  and  recog- 
nized luxuries  of  those  times.  His  strictures  on  China,  so  highly  extolled 
for  it«  science  and  civilization,  are  admiiahtc.     Marshal  Turenne,  It  ap- 

),  always  ascril)cd  the  loss  of  a  battle  to  '  la  mauvaise  conduitc  des 
iu%,'  and  dill  not  except  himself.  St.  Evremond  seems  to  have  been 
I  tme  philosophical  voluptuary, — an  Epicurean  in  the  just  sense  of  that 
word, — addicted  to  delicate  pleasures,  sensual  and  ment:d.  I  like  his 
arersion  to  that  polished  style  of  vvriting,  which,  by  being  rendered  fault- 
Itts,  has  lost  all  ita  flavour.*     The  editor'i 


pla 


lugm^ 


I 


*  I  am  not  rare  that  I  lindcmtnml  to  whnt  writers  Jifr.  Gre«n  would  allude,  u 
Gatrr.  Mag.  Voi,.  HI.  S 


ISO  Dimif  of  m  Lmm- ^  LkerMtwre.  [Fdi. 

chronologically,  ia  Uie  order  they  were  written,  is  I  think  excellent,  and 
with  him  I  am  soriMised  it  is  not  in  all  cases  adopted.* 

May  12.  Went  mth  GoL  Dapnii,  and  inspected  Mr.  Kilderbee's  pic* 
tores,  three  fine  landsoqies  by  Gaiiwboroii^,  the  Rubens  of  English  land* 
scape  painters,  as  Wilson  may  be  deemed  the  Vandyke ;  head  of  €iains« 
boroogh  by  Dnpoot,  when  a  Uttle  more  than  fifty ;  very  strong  likeness, 
great  character  in  the  nose  and  eye,  hot  not  pleasant.  Mr.  Kilderfoee 
went  the  tour  of  the  Lakes  with  Gainsborough,  a  most  delightful  companion'. 
Lamented  to  Mr.  K.  in  his  last  illness  (caught  at  Hastings's  trial),  the 
dissolute  life  he  had  led ;  but  added, "  They  must  take  me  altogether,  libe- 
ral, thoughtless,  and  dissipated." 

May  13.  Finished  Butler  $  Hone  Subteciwe.  The  sketch  ci  the 
professional  characto-  of  Lord  Mansfield  is  very  interesting.  The  delinea- 
tion  of  bis  mode  of  management  in  delivering  an  opinion  from  the  bendi, 
is  given  with  great  ability,  and  appears  to  me  perfectly  just.  His  speedi 
on  reversing  Wilkes's  outlawry,  extracted  from  Burroughs,  is  wonderfidly 
fine ;  it  exlulNts  a  perfect  model  of  judicial  eloquence,  on  a  most  trying 
occasion.  His  remark  in  it,  that  the  endeavours  unduly  to  inflneucs 
him,  if  they  had  any  effect,  would  operate  contrary  to  their  intent, — lean* 
ing  against  thdr  impression,  might  give  a  bias  the  other  way,' — is  remark- 
ably neat,  just,  and  happy.  Of  the  French  Revolution  he  observed,  that 
that  it  was  an  event  without  precedrat*  v)<i  therefore  without  prognostic; 
and  being  asked,  when  he  thought  it  would  end,  said,  he  feared  it  was  not 
b^n.  Of  Lord  Hardwicke  he  said, — '  When  his  Lordship  pronounced 
his  decrees.  Wisdom  hersdf  might  be  supposed  to  speak ;' — a  sublime 
eulogy !  C.  Lofft  must  have  caught  from  his  Lordship  his  mode  of  pro- 
nouncing authority  as  '  awtawrity.' 

May  14.  Strolled  round  the  grove  after  tea  : — beautifully  bright,  trans- 
parent atmosphere,  splendid  sunset,  at  the  base  of  a  grand  promontory  of 
cloud,  fringed  with  its  refracted  rays ;  others  shooting  up  pyramidically 
like  the  summits  of  remote  mountuns.  The  nightingales  in  the  grove  ex- 
quisitely vocal. 

May  30.  Had  much  chat  on  mnric.  I  maintained,  as  I  had  often  done 
before,  that  a  cultivated  understandU^  and  refined  sensibility,  were  requi- 
site to  excellence  in  nnging,  and  even  in  playing,  by  enabling  the  per* 
former  fully  to  seise  and  adequately  to  express  the  spirit  of  the  composer. 
That  a  coarse  and  vulgar  mind  might  be  drilled,  by  dint  <tf  great  effort, 
into  the  execution  of  some  given  {Hece,  in  a  tolerable  style — but  tliat  even 
here  the  finishing  grace  of  natural  and  touching  expressiim  would  be 
wanting — and  everywhere  else  the  limited  genius  of  the  performer  stopping 
short  all  further  progress,  would  be  obvious.  To  afford  an  encouraging 
prospect,  J  observed,  the  ideas  of  excellence  should  always  go  bef<»e  the 
powers  of  executioa. 

June  2.   Burke's  opinion  concerning  the  composition  of  the  National 

examples  of  a  style  so  polished  and  /entltleu,  aa  to  lose  its  poignancy  and  spirit. 
Since  the  days  of  Clarendon,  which  is  a  little  fbrther  back  than  one  can  go,  for  a  spe- 
cimen of  an  elegant  and  pure  style,  the  best  prose  writers  I  should  name  woold  be 
Dryden,  Cowley,  Addison,  C.  Middleton,  and  Goldamith. — Editok. 

*  One  reason  of  its  not  being  generally  adopted  is  clear;  that  it  woold  produce  in 
some  cases  a  great  intermixture  and  confusion  of  subjects ;  aa  for  instance,  when  a 
?rriter  published  part  of  a  work,  leaving  it  unfinished,  while  he  undertook  another, 
and  then  returned  to  it ;  in  the  case  also  of  a  writer  who  published  both  poetry  and 
prose,  where  the  separation  of  them  would  be  more  desirable ;  or  lastly,  where  a 
tPolymathist,  like  Leibnitz,  or  Bayle,  or  Coleridge,  wrote  on  manv  rabieota  bekmaing 
to  different  departments  of  knowledge.— Ed.  ^ 


1835.] 


Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


I3t 


I 


Assembly,  the  Edinburgh  lUtview  (No.  27)  observes,  is  remarkably  con- 
finned  by  an  article  in  Bioprnphie  Modeme.  Mackintneh  remarked  to 
■e,  that  he  found  on  inquiry  Burke's  iuformation,  respecting  what  was 
f^inf  on  in  France,  wonderfully  correct. 

Jgite  8.  Began  Dr.  Parr's  stnuigc  publication  of  Characters  from  iiews- 
pspera  and  magazines,  of  Fox,  by  Philopatris  Varviccusis.  He  cannot 
abstain  from  a  display  of  pedantry*  even  in  the  title.  Fox's  first  coming 
orer  from  ministers  to  the  ranks  of  opposition,  far  from  being  honourable 
and  glorious,  as  some  of  these  characters  represent  it^  appears  to  me  a 
most  equivocal  mea.snre,  which  it  required  great  talents  and  popularity 
thoroughly  to  get  over.  The  character  of  Fox's  oratory  is  not  ill  given  in 
the  York  Herald.  The  ardour  and  precision  of  his  reasoning  assatled  the 
judgment,  while  the  irresistible  thunders  of  his  eloquence  at  once  sub- 
dued and  captivated  the  senses.  Lord  Camden's  is  a  fine  saying — "  His 
price  was  immortality,  and  he  knew  that  posterity  would  pay  it.  "  The 
duumcters  by  Godwin  and  Miickiniosh,  particularly  the  tatter,  strike  me 
M  by  for  the  best.  Symonds  and  FeMovves's  are  both  loo  ambitious  of 
oniamciit ;  and  the  latter  baa  borrowed,  without  acknowledgment,  many 
■entiments  and  expressions  from  Burke,  compared  with  whose  magnificent 
and  aago&t  eulogy,  all  otiiers  fade.  Bekbam  justly  denominates  Fox's 
eloquence, — plain,  nervous,  energetic,  vehement — forcing  its  way  through 
the  uodcrstanding  to  the  heart. 

Jume  14.  Called  on  Mr,  Feam  at  the  Coach  and  Horses,  and  saw  him 
for  the  first  time.  Entered  instantly  into  interesting  literary  disqnisition 
and  BDecdote.  Agreed  perfectly  in  uur  estimate  of  Burke's  transccndant 
wmtn.  Burke  said  to  his  friend  Mr.  Green,  "  What,  do  you  know  Dr. 
Parr  ]  Aye  I  there  is  a  man  has  learning  enough  for  all  the  Univer- 
sities of  Europe,  and  folly  enough  for  all  the  madhouses."  Parr,  Mr. 
Feam  described,  as  astonishingly  vain  ;  says  of  his  stylft — "  that  it  has  all 
the  energy  of  .Johnson's  with  more  variety — loves  above  all  things  a 
Ihealre  and  auditory  for  his  collo<guial  exertions,  meditated  a  Life  of  John- 
MB  for  scholars,  which  he  said  would  cail  forth  alii  his  powers,  and  much 
of  his  learning,"  On  the  Prince  observing  to  him  "  But  surely.  Dr.  Parr, 
yOD  will  allow  Hurd  to  be  a  fine  writer."  "Certainly,  Sir,"  he  said  ;  *'  or 
dote  yoar  Royal  Highness  think  that  1  would  have  sunuuoned  the  whole 
posrer  of  my  mind  to  crush  him  ?"  Mrs.  Parr  hideously  ferocious  and 
cDarse  in  her  aspect.  On  the  Doctor's  introducing  (lodwin  to  her,  rs  the 
greatest  philosopher  of  the  day,  on  the  first  apjicarance  of  his  Political 
Justice,  she  said,  "  That  is  no  recommendation  to  mc,  Sir  ;  1  never  knew  a 
philosopher  that  was  not  a  thief  or  a  drunkard."  The  Doctor  has  six  or 
tereo  of  his  portraits  hanging  up  in  his  room,  "  Here,  Sir,"  he  says,  "  1 
am  complacent,  here  severe,"  Slc.  On  the  Doctor's  disparaging  Mason  as 
a  feeble  puet  and  without  nene,  Green,  as  a  proof  of  the  contrary,  recited 
to  him  the  following  epigram : 

To  half  of  Bunhy^a  skill  in  mood  and  tense, 

Add  Bentley't  pedantry  withont  Im  sense  ; 

From  WarburtoK  take  all  the  spleen  you  dnd, 

But  leave  the  genius  anrl  the  wit  behind  ; 

Squeeze  Churchilti  mnrour  from  the  verse  it  flows  in, 

And  knead  it  stiff  with  John»on'*  turgid  prosing  ; 

Take  all  the  piety  of  loose  Voltaire, 

Slis  the  fToss  oomponnd— ;/fa/  Dr.  Parr  I 

•  If  the  title  of  llr.  Parr'»  work  should  be  deemed  pedantic,  aa  Mr.  Green  uaerts, 
ke  at  teaat  can  show  the  aiithoritT  of  Dr.  Bentley  in  hi«  reply  to  t'ollins,  as  well  as 
tkat  of  other  cmiBently  learned  men,  both  at  home  and  abroad. — Edit. 


Diary  of  a  Lover  0/  Literature* 

The  Doctor  greatly  agitated  at  the  recital,  but  allotvcd  that  here  was 
energy  and  power  enough.  *'  Parr,"  Mr.  Feani  observed,  "  was  without 
relish  for  true  poetry — that  spriiigbii;  from  and  addressed  to  the  itiiugina- 
tion."  Fearn  agreed  with  me  that  Jolioaon's  style  was  the  natural  port  of 
a  giant,  Parr's  comparatively  the  viokut  struggle  of  a  pigmy  upon  stilts  ; 
and  he  admitted,  after  some  hesitation,  that  Parr  had  not  a  trii!y  enlarged 
and  comprehensive  miud,  viewing  all  things  iti  their  true  places,  and 
forming  a  just  estimate  of  their  relative  bearing  and  importance.  Of  the 
Edinburgh  KevicwB,  Parr  speaks  very  highlvi  with  strong  warm  feelings, 
and  a  benevolent,  generous  heart.  Paid  a  visit  to  Cobl>ett,  who  attacked 
learning ;  Parr  laughed.  Fearn  spoke  with  rapture  of  that  passage  of 
.Tohnson  in  his  preface  to  Shakspcare,  where  be  speaks  of  the  current  of 
time  p:u>sing  by  the  adamant  of  ^hukspeare  ;  but  did  notaihuit  the  justness 
of  his  assertion,  that  Shakspeare's  excellence  was  not  to  be  estimated  by 
particular  passages,  since  the  general  couttxture  of  his  dramas  is  very 
faulty.  Defended,  and  Fearn  admittt-d,  Burke's  character  of  Fox — "  art 
accomplishtd  debater" — as  a  just  and  appropriate  representation  of  his 
powers  as  a  speaker.  His  speeches,  I  observed,  would  never  go  down 
to  posterity  as  consummate  orations.  Several  of  Burke's,  he  admitted, 
were  equal  to  any  specimens  of  which  we  are  ju  possession.  Fox  replied 
to  a  friend  of  his  who  seriously  incjiiired  of  liiin  what  he  considered  as  the 
constituent  (jualilius  of  a  great  man,  after  sonic  dclilH'ration,  "  Energy, 
acuteness,  comprehension,  and  haiuiouy."  Parr  did  not  think  much  of 
this — said  it  was  like  Fox.  Fcam  mentioned  a  friend  of  las  at  Birmingham, 
who  happily  observed,  "  Malignity  sometimes  gives  acumen  to  dullness." 

June  Jy.  Mr.  Fearn  dined  with  us.  Soon  plunged  ;igaiu  into  literary 
anecdote,  disquisition,  and  criticism.  J*arr  said  he  urged  Burke,  early  in 
his  attack  on  the  French  llevolutiou,  to  repress  the  vehemence  of  his  indig- 
nation, and  leave  the  rcformi^ts  to  gorge  on  their  metaphysical  carrion,  for 
that  they  would  return  to  wholesome  nutriment  at  last.  Burke  made  no 
reply.  Parr  met  Tooke  soon  after  his  acquittal,  at  Johnson's,  and  congra- 
tulated him  ou  that  event  j  '  though  I  have  not  forgot,*  said  he,  *  what  yoa 
sjiid  of  my  Preface.'  *  What  did  1  say,  Doctor?'  said  Tooke.  '  That  it 
was  a  mere  composition  of  scraps."  '  Ves,*  said  Tooke,  '  but  I  did  not 
deny  that  there  were  tid-bits  among  them.'  .Afterwards  got  into  alter- 
cation. Ou  Tooke'fl  ipiitting  the  shop,  the  Doctor  strode  about — *  He 
attacks  me  with  gibcii  and  sarcasms,  but  when  the  lightning  begins  to 
flash,  and  the  thunders  to  roll,  Tooke  retire*.'  Cobbett,  a«  an  argu- 
ment against  learning  to  Parr,  s^d,  '  If  sinecures  had  been  expressed  in 
plain  English,  they  would  long  since  have  been  abolished,"  Greea 
present  at  a  dispute  at  Paris  between  the  Abbe  Gregoire  and  Mack- 
lutobh,  on  the  slave  trade,  which  Mackintosh  defended ;  the  Abbe 
quite  sunk  under  him.  The  same  person  saw  Tooke  completely  van- 
quished by  a  Slons.  *  *  a  French  aristocrat,  whose  temper  the 
scenes  of  the  Revolution  had  completely  curdled  into  misanthropy,  but  of 
whose  powers  Burke  used  to  speak  with  rapture — now  in  the  service  of 
Buonaparte,  who  urged  upon  him  the  necessity  to  France  of  a  government 
like  his,  of  strong  controul,  but  who  complains,  '  q'uil  rit  de  tout !' 
I'ooke  at  last  said  tliat  in  case  of  a  revolution  here,  witli  tears  in  his  eyes, 
he  ahould  consign  such  a  man  to  the  guillotine.  The  other  replied,  that  at 
any  time,  for  two  sous,  he  could  get  better  Jatobinisra  in  the  Boulevards  of 
Paris :  and  that  vithout  any  tears  he  eoald  very  readily  sentence  him  to 
the  same  fate.  To  a  young  lady  who  said  ehe  had  been  at  one  Conven- 
ticle, when  he  thought  she  had  been  to  another.  Parr  said,  '  The  one. 


1 


1835.]  Diary.— Taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas.  133 

Madam,  is  a  dead  dog;  the  other  is  a  dead  horse;  bat  both  are  car- 
rion.' 

Jtme  18.  Finished  Parr's  letters  on  Fox.  I  cannot  agree  with  Parr 
*  that  whatsoever  difficalties  may  formerly  have  perplexed  us,  we  can  now 
be  at  no  loss  to  account  for  the  singularity  of  his  (Fox's)  conduct,  amidst 
those  tempestuous  scenes  which  accompanied  the  French  Revolution.' 
Mr.  Fox's  oscitancy  respecting  the  new  spirit  which  then  broke  forth  like 
a  consaming  fire — a  spirit  that  could  not  be  overlooked,  and  on  which  Mr. 
fiorke  had  rivetted  attention,  has  always  appeared  to  me,  and  still  appears, 
quite  unaccountable.  If  he  did  not  take  this  potent  principle  of  a  tre- 
mendous energy  into  the  scope  of  his  consideration,  his  conduct  was 
unworthy  that  of  a  great  statesman ;  if  he  did,  why  not  have  met  it  fairly 
in  the  field,  and  favoured  us  with  a  manly  declaration  of  his  sentiments 
upon  it  ?  Parr's  foolery  in  quotation  is  often  preposterous  ;  *  a  beautiful 
or  forcible  sentiment  happily  applied  from  an  ancient  author,  throws  an 
interest  and  character  on  all  around  it :  but  to  cite  obscure  passages 
merely  because  they  are  ancient,  to  evince  the  erudition  of  the  citer,  or 
from  a  persuasion  that  what  is  ancient  must  be  authoritative,  appears  to 
me  mere  childishness.  Parr,  as  Fearn  told  me,  considered  Tooke's  style^ 
in  his.  Letters  to  Junius,  as  more  vernacular  than  that  of  his  antagonist. 


THE  RECORD  COMMISSION. 
No.  V.  concluded. 


Taxatio  Ecelenatiiea  Anglia  et  Wallim  auctoritate  P.  Nieholai  IV.  circa  A.D.  1291. 

One  vol.    1802. 

THE  possessors  of  the  see  of  Rome  anciently  claimed  to  be  entitled,  by  virtue  of 
their  ecclesiastical  supremacy,  to  various  payments  out  of  all  ecclesiastical  benefices 
and  possessions  in  aid  of  the  maintenance  of  their  dignity,  and  even  assumed  a  right 
to  dispose  of  the  ecclesiastical  revenues  in  such  manner  as  they  judged  most  advan- 
tageous for  the  general  welfare  of  the  Church.  Acting  upon  the  latter  pretence,  the 
Pontiffs  upon  various  occasions  granted  to  our  Kings  a  proportionate  part  of  the  in- 
comes of  their  Clergy  in  aid  of  some  real  or  asserted  intention  of  setting  forth  a 
crosade  for  the  recovery  of  the  Holy  Land.  The  present  record  arose  out  of  a  grant 
of  this  description. 

In  the  year  1288,  Pope  Nicholas  IV.  granted  to  Edward  I.  the  tenth  of  all  eccle- 
fiastical  benefices  for  six  years,  under  the  pretence  that  that  King  was  about  to 
undertake  a  crusade.  There  already  existed  a  suney  of  the  ecclesiastical  property  in 
England,  made  during  the  popedom  of  Innocent  IV.  A.D   1253,  and  which  is  known 

•  It  is  not  easy  to  defend  Dr.  Parr  from  the  accusation  of  overloading  his  text, 
English  or  Latin,  with  quotations  from  the  ancient  authors ;  and  Mr.  Cumberland 
made  an  unlucky  discovery  in  tracing  a  number  of  tlicm  in  Parr's  diatribe  against 
Curtis,  to  one  page  of  Stobseus.  Certainly  our  best  authors  and  masters  of  the  purest 
English  style,  do  not  authorize  it ;  and  the  modern  writers  in  Latin,  of  the  highest 
reputation,  as  Sir  W.  Jones,  Bp.  Louth,  Sir  G.  Baker,  Dr.  Coplestone,  at  home  ; 
and  Hemsterhuis,  and  Ruhnken,  and  Emesti,  abroad,  seldom  break  the  current  of 
their  own  language,  with  passages  brought  from  others.  Something  however  must 
be  conceded  to  a  very  learned  man,  whose  memory  was  crowded  with  the  finest 
and  most  recondite  examples  of  ancient  wisdom  and  eloquence,  and  whose  critical 
and  grammatical  study  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  writers,  made  him  familiar  with  their 
sentiments  and  language. — Eo. 


134  Thb  Rkcoed  CoimiiBiow— No.  V.  [Feb. 

M  *  Pope  Innocent's  Ydor,'  or  •  the  Norwich  Taxation  ;•  hut  in  Arder  that  the  ]Mpa 
grant  might  be  as  prodactive  as  possible,  a  new  surrey  was  made.  That  new  warrtf 
is  the  Record  before  us.  John  de  Pontois,  Bishop  of  Winchester,  and  Oliver  Svtton, 
Bishop  of  Ldncoln,  were  appointed  by  the  Pope  to  be  the  taxators,  and  tlie  sarrey  was 
taken  partly  by  them,  and  partly  by  other  ecclesiastics  whom  they  deputed.  The  roHs 
of  the  taxation  were  returned  to  the  Exchequer,  where  sereral  of  the  origioala  are 
still  extant.  The  text  of  the  present  publication,  however,  was  not  obtained  from 
the  Rolls,  but  principally  from  two  manuscript  books  of  the  date  of  Henry  VI.  pre- 
served in  the  King's  Remembrancer's  ofBce  in  the  Exchequer,  and  which  apparently 
contain  a  copy  of  some  earlier  compilation  fh>m  the  Rolls.  These  books  were  col- 
lated with  a  Cotton  MS.  of  much  g^reater  antiquity,  and  the  variations  between  these 
authorities  and  the  fini'ting  original  Rolls,  are  noticed  in  the  margin  of  the  volume. 

This  survey  was  formerly  a  document  of  considerable  importance,  inasmuch  as  it 
was  the  standard  for  regulating  all  subsidiary  payments  from  ecclesiastics,  both  to 
tiie  Pope  and  the  King,  down  to  the  36th  year  of  Henry  YIII.  when  the  Yalor  Ee- 
desiaaticus  was  taken.  Even  now  the  taxation  of  Pope  Nicholas  is  referred  to  as  the 
criterion  of  the  value  of  ecclesiastical  benefices  for  some  particular  purposes. 

In  form  it  is  principally  a  mere  enumeration  of  the  churches  and  chapels  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales,  arranged  according  to  the  Deaneries  in  which  they  were  situatedf 
with  a  statement  of  their  annual  value,  and  the  amount  of  corodies,  pensions,  and 
other  payments,  either  to  ecclesiastics  or  laymen,  charged  upon  their  revenues.  The 
volume  therefore  exhibits  the  value  of  the  property  of  the  Church  at  the  close  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  and  it  also  affords  evidence  of  the  existence,  at  the  time  of  the 
survey,  of  various  parishes,  and  parish  churches,  which  are  no  longer  to  be  found. 
The  various  readings  from  the  original  rolls  are  frequently  more  diffuse  than  the 
transcripts,  and  contain  many  curious  particidars  which  the  copyists  omitted,  nie 
diocese  of  Hereford,  in  which  the  valuation  descended  even  to  the  number  of  cows 
and  sheep,  is  a  singular  instance  of  minuteness,  and  affords  many  particulars  respect- 
ing the  denominations  and  value  of  land,  the  prices  of  produce,  and  the  various 
sources  of  the  ecclesiastical  revenues  at  the  time  of  the  survey.  We  will  subjoin 
some  extracts  from  the  valuation  of '  the  temporal  goods  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Here- 
ford,' in  order  that  our  readers  may  know  of  what  a  strange  variety  of  particulars  the 
income  of  a  Bishop  in  the  thirteenth  century  was  compounded. 

"  The  Bishop  of  Hereford  has  in  his  manor  of  Hereford  of  rent  of  assise,  5/.  3».  9d. 
Also,  in  his  manor  of  Berton  three  carucates  of  land,  producing  altogether  per  an- 
num 91.  Also  in  the  same  manor  of  rent  of  assise  per  annum,  30/.  I0«.  Sftf. ;  per- 
quisites of  the  fairs  of  Hereford  per  annum,  5/.  Also  in  the  manors  of  Sugwas  and 
Eton,  rents  of  assise  of  the  free  and  customary  tenants,  30/.  9$.  lod.  For  a  mill 
there,  3/.  For  pannage,*  2t.  Also  in  the  manor  of  Ledebury  for  fines  and  perqui- 
sites per  annum,  13«.  4d.  Also  in  the  borough  of  Ledebury  for  tolls,  fairs,  and  per- 
quisites per  annum,  8/.  Also  in  the  manor  of  Estenove  for  pleas  and  fines  of  land* 
St.  Also  in  the  manor  of  Boeebury  for  one  Dovecote,  1$.  For  a  garden  per  annum, 
2a.  For  pascuagcf  10«.  Also  he  recdvea  for  »  wear  at  Bishopeswere  upon  the 
Wye  yearly,  3/." 

These  are  specimens  of  the  items.  The  whole  valustion  of  the  temporalities  of 
this  Bishop  amounts  to  449/.  \i.  Sd.  per  annum. 

There  is  also  inserted  in  this  volume  a  new  Taxation  made  by  the  Bishop  of  Car- 
lisle in  the  13th  year  of  Edward  II.  under  the  authority  of  a  writ  directed  to  him  by 
that  Monarch,  and  tested  at  York  on  the  26th  day  of  October  in  that  year  (1319). 


•  Pannage  was  a  payment  for  permission  to  feed  hogs  in  woods. 

t  Pascuage,  a  payment  for  a  general  permission  to  agist  cattle  <rf  all  sorts. 


1835.]  Nottarum  Inquiniiones. 

Thu  tMitioa  iru  Jud  r«c»urse  to  in  coDsequence  of  the  devasUtions  committed  in 
north  of  England  by  the  Scots.     It  cmbrmcea  a  coasidenible  portion  of  the  diowj 
of  York,  aiid  exhibits  striking  proof  of  the  migeriee  of  the  border  countieSi 
le  of  tru- ;  besides  a  long  list  of  reductions  in  the  value  of  the  benefices,  whole  dis* 

arc  reprc»eoted  as  '  layed  waste  and  altogether  destroyed.' 
TUU  volume  appears  to  have  had  three  editor*.     By  which  of  them  the  short  In- 
roduction  was  supplied,  does  not  appear,  nor  is  it  worth  while  to  inquire,  for   even 
the  short  space  of  little  more  than  half  a  page,  the  prefacer  has  contrived  to 
fttrodiuie  aeveral  very  erroneous  statemenu. 

Nc/nantm  Inqvititiotu*  in  ettria  Scaeearii.   Temp.  Regit  Edvardi  ID. 
One  vol.  foUo.  1807. 

The  year  1340  is  distinguished  in  the  annals  of  England  by  the  assumption  of  the 
tttle  of  King  of  France  by  the  ambitious  Edward  III.     His  claim  appears  to  have 
been  extremely  popular,  and  the  Parliament  gave  him  good  proof  of  their  support  by 
a  liberality  altogether  unprecedented.     Uy  the  stat.  14th  Edward  HI.  stat.  I.  c.  30, 
*  the  Prelates,  Earls,  Barons,  and  all  the  commons  of  the  realm,  willingly,  of  one 
OKiit  and  good  will,  granted  to  him  the  ninth  lamb,  tfao  ninth   fli^ece,  and  the  ninth 
•beaf,  to  be  taken  by  two  years  then  to  come.     And  of  cities  and  boroughs  the  very 
ntath  part  of  all  their  gooda  and  chattels  to  be  taken  and  levied  by  lawful  and  rca- 
•onable  tax  by  the  same  two  years.     And  in  right  of  merchants  foreign,  which  dwell 
Bot  in  the  cities  nor  boroughs,  and  also  of  other  people  that  dwell  in  forests  and 
•mstea,  And  all  other  tliat  live  not  of  their  gain,  nor  store  of  sheep,  by  the  good  ad- 
fioe  of  them  which  shall  be  deputed  taxers,  they  shall  be  set  lawfully  at  the  value  of 
Che  fifteenth,  without  being  unreasonably  charged-'    (Authentic  edit,  of  the  Statutes, 
vol.  I.  p.  1^%.)     By  the  second  Statute  of  the  same  year,  the  King  granted  ''  to  the 
suae  Prvlates,   Earls,   Barons,  and  Commons,  Citizens,  Burgesses,  and  Merchants, 
Uut  the  same  grant,  which  is  so  chargeable,  eIiuU  not  another  time  be  had  in  examjde, 
nor  flUJ  to  their  prejudice  in  time  to  come-"  (Ibid,  p.  290.)     Out  of  this  grant  of  the 
ninth  and  fifteenth,  the  Records  now  under  consideratiaa  originated.    Several  Com> 
miasions  were  issued  from  time  to  time,  directed  to  persons  who  were  authorized  to 
■Meta  and  sell  the  Parliamentary  grant,  but  for  aome  unexplained  reason  they  ap- 
pMr  to  have  beea  but  imperfectly  executed.     A  tlurd  Commission  was  iasucd  od 
tbit  96fh  January.  15th  Edward  III.  whereby  the  assessors  and  venditors  were  in- 
Mnuted  to  levy  the  ninth  of  com,  wool,  and  tambs  in  every  parish,  according  to  the 
mine  apon  which  churches  were  taxed  (that  is,  according  to   Pope  Nicholas's  Valor 
aad  Taxation) ,  if  the  value  of  the  ninth  amounted  to  as  much  as  the  tax,  and  to  levy 
vbere  the  value  of  the  ninth  should  be  found  to  exceed  the  tax  \  but  should  the 
of  the  ninth  Iw  less  than  the  tax,  they  were  directed  to  levy  only  the  true  value 
of  the  ninth,  and  to  disregard  the  tax;  and  to  gain  correct  information  of  there  facts, 
dMj  were  authorised  to  take  inquisitions  upon  the  oath  of  the  parij>hiacicrg  of  every 
pariah.     (Introd.  to  Non.  Uncjuid.  p.  2.)     These  Inquisitions  constitute  the  founda- 
IKNI  of  the  Rolls  published  in   the  present  volume.     Their  contents  are  all  pretty 
nearly  alike,  although  they  are  sometimes  couched   in  the  form  of  Inquisitions,  and 
lometimes  in  that  of  accounts.     In  almoiit  e;rery  instiiQce  the  value  of  the  ninth  was 
iiiMAil  to  be  lew  than  the  tenth  assessed  in  Pope  Nicholas's  taxation,  and  the  jumrs  in 
obedience  to  the  Commission  alleged  the  reasons  for  thi.4  falling  off.     Tlie  principal 
raaaon  in  most  cases  was  the  omission  from  the  survey  of  '  the  ninth '  of  glebe  lands 
and  other  eodeaiutictd  possessions  which  were  included  in  die  taxation,  but  it  fro- 
qacAtly  happened  that  some  accidental  circumstance,  a  fire,  an  inundation,  or  sn 
hnnrest,  operated  in  like  maimer  to  the  prejudice  of  *  the  ninth.'     Some 


I 


136  The  Rkcosd  Coxxissiox — No.  V.  (Feb. 

eztnets  niiiek  we  ■haD  give  from  these  Records,  vill  exlubtt  tlKir  dnncter  more 
dexiif  than  aaj  dcscripCioa. 

The  Iiw{aiiitioBS  taken  in  ercTT  pariah  vere  returned  to  the  Exchequer,  and  dwre 
eowieased  and  entered  opon  Rolls  termed  '  the  None  RoDs,'  cmt  '  Rolls  of  Ote  Ninth.' 
8oaae  of  the  oripnal  Inqnisitions  are  in  existence,  and  it  is  mnch  to  be  regretted  Out 
in  this  instance  the  Tariations  between  the  Rolls  and  the  Inquisitions  are  not  noticed 
in  the  paUicatkm,  as  was  the  case  in  the  publication  of  Pope  Nicholas's  Taxation. 
The  InqtdsitioBs  are  stated  to  contain  many  things  omitted  from  the  Rolls,  and  sach 
particulars  are  generally  those  which  exhibit  the  most  clearly  the  precise  condition  of 
the  people  ; — they  are  the  minute  items  of  an  account,  the  sum  total  only  of  which  is 
inserted  on  the  RoIL 

The  following  is  a  curious  return  &om  the  now  floorisiuDg  town  of  Reading. 

"  Burgh  of  Radyng,  Sjmond  de  Baunebie,  John  de  Aldremonstone,  Ralph  Bymelez, 
John  de  Motylbi,  John  the  Brasyare,  and  Dominic  Belle,  burgesses  of  the  same 
town,  say,  upon  their  oath,  that  the  ninth  part  of  the  chatteb  in  the  same  town  does 
not  exceed  twenty  pounds  in  value,  because  in  times  past  there  used  to  be  frequent 
meetings  of  the  whole  county  of  Berks,  together  with  Sessions  of  the  Justices  of  the 
Lord  the  King,  within  the  burgh  of  Radyng,  in  which  times  the  merchants  and  tIc- 
tnallers  of  the  same  town  at  once  disposed  of  whatever  they  had  for  sale,  but  after- 
wards the  abbot  of  Radyng,  the  predecessor  of  the  present  abbot,  obtained  a  royal 
Charter  of  Liberties,  that  no  ordinary  meeting  of  the  people,  nor  Sessions  of  the 
Justices  of  the  Lord  the  King,  and  others,  should  be  permitted  to  be  held  in  the 
same  town  without  the  liberty  of  the  aforesaid  abbey,  whereby  the  merchants  and 
rictuallers  aforesaid  disposed  of  their  commodities  but  seldom,  and  in  small  quanti- 
ties, so  that  they  were  continually  decreasing  in  wealth,  whereupon,  apprehensive  of 
being  reduced  to  penury,  they  invested  what  remained  of  their  wealth  in  various  ways 
in  the  cultivation  of  lands  throughout  the  country,  from  which  the  Lord  the  King  is 
satisfied  and  paid  the  ninth  sheaf,  lamb,  and  fleece.  They  say  also  that  several  of  the 
merchants  of  the  same  town  have  been  reduced  to  such  poverty,  that  they  have  left 
the  town  in  distress,  ro  that  nothing  can  be  levied  in  their  dwellings  for  the  use  of 
the  kingdom  ;  they  say,  moreover,  that  several  of  the  richer  sort  of  the  same  town 
have  died,  and  in  their  stead  young  men  have  risen  up,  having  nothing,  as  it  were ; 
and  the  rest  of  the  commonalty  of  the  aforesaid  town  have  been  consumed  even  to 
poverty  by  divers  heavy  aids  before  granted  and  paid  to  tlie  Lord  the  King,  and  for 
the  guarding  of  the  seas  a  long  time  muntained.  In  witness  of  which  premises  the 
aforesaid  burgesses  have  set  their  seals  to  this  indenture.  Given  at  Radyng,  and  de- 
livered to  the  prior  of  Walyngford  and  his  associates  on  Monday  next  before  the  feast 
of  Saint  Valentine  the  Martyr,  in  the  15th  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Eklward  the 
Third  after  the  Conquest." 

The  following  is  the  assessment  of  a  town  which  now  almost  rivals  the  metropolis 
in  wealth  and  importance  : 

"  Burgh  of  Liverpol.  The  true  value  of  the  ninth  part  of  all  the  moveable  goods 
of  the  residents  in  the  burgh  of  Ljrverpol,  is  six  pounds  sixteen  shillings  and  seven- 
pence.  And  these  are  the  names  of  those  who  presented  the  said  value,  viz.  Adam 
Fitz  William,  Richard  de  Walton,  Roger  de  la  More,  Robert  de  la  More,  William 
Fitz  Richard,  and  John  Fitz  Mariot." 

The  period  of  the  decay  of  one  of  the  recently  disfranchised  boroughs,  Bramber,  in 
Sussex,  is  fixed  by  its  assessment,  which  is  as  follows  : 

"  Bremhre.  This  Indenture  made  by  Inquisition  taken  at  Stenyng  on  Friday  next 
after  the  feast  of  Saint  Gregory  in  the  15th  year  of  the  reign  of  King  Edward  the 
Third  after  the  Conquest,  before  Lord  Henry  Husee  and  his  associates,  collectors 
for  the  county  of  Sussex,  of  the  ninth  and  fifteenth  of  the  Lord  the  King,  by  the  oath 
of  William  Dous,  William  de  Horton,  John  Kytebon,  and  Gilbert  le  Frenshc,  of  the 
parish  of  Brembrc,  witnesscth,  that  the  aforesaid  jurors  say  upon  their  oath  that  the 
aforesaid  church  of  Brembre  is  taxed  by  the  old  extent  at  ten  marks,  out  of  which  the 
ninth  sheaf  there  is  worth  per  annum  lxxiij«.  ivrf.  Also  the  ninth  part  of  the  fleeces 
there  is  worth  v«.  viij<f.  Also  the  ninth  part  of  the  lambs  is  worth  per  annum  xijd. 
3 


183$:J 


Vafor  EccUalasticHi,  temp.  Hen.  VIII. 


137 


Hxa  wbole  iiij/.     Abo  they  uy  that  the  tithes  of  hay,  salt,  apples,  hemp,  cowi 

In*,  A&d  boncy,  is  worth  i)er  annum,  viij#.  vjd.    Also  the  offcringft  there  are  wort 

-anBiun  xxyjt.  riijrf.     In  the  whole  isxs*.  i\d.     AncTthey  say  upon  their  oath  tl 

said  Church  of  Bremhre  is  not  now  worth  the  aforesnid  ertent  of  ten  marks, 

the  town  of  Brcmbre,  from  whence  great  profit  in  tithes  and  offerings  u»ed  taT' 
ir,  is  nf  late  de|tauperated  and  annihilated.     Also  they  say  ujuin  their  oath  that 
is  no  one  in  the  said  parish  who  hath  chatties  to  tlic  value  of  ten  marks,  except 
I  who  lire  upon  their  crops  and  flocks." 

rvtams  for  the  County  of  Sussex  are  more  than  usually  mia«te,  and  contain 
itema  of  rather  ctirions  information.  Throughout  the  county  largo  tracts  of 
iMpi>ear  to  have  Ijecu  permitted  to  fall  out  of  cultivation,  ]>art]y  on  account  of  the 
Be  poverty  of  the  inhabitant<i,  and  pai'tly  beeauae  the  Kea-ooaat  of  that  part  of 
iktBgdom  had  hecn  recently  ravaged  by  the  French,  and  the  people  yet  lived  in  fear 
'  A  rBGOrreDce  of  their  attacks.  Another  fact,  which  may  be  of  some  value  tu  our 
jcal  bretJireu,  ia  substantiated  by  the^e  returns;  the  great  inroads,  namelyn 
by  the  bea  upon  that  eooat  of  England  between  the  date  of  Pope  Nieholos'l 
itioa,  and  the  present  inquiry, — a  period  of  48  years.  In  the  parish  of  *  Gest-| 
ag,'  that  is,  Gnestling,  near  Hastings,  the  sea  had  covered  within  that  period,  the 
ter  part  of  '  Sneppcsmersh,'  of  which  the  tithe  in  A,  D.  I29'2  waailij*.  viij'*.  In 
Ifariegbc,'  or  Pairlight,  in  the  same  neighbourhood,  '  Mersehamsmcrsh,'  of  whicb 
tithe  had  been  valued  at  one  mark,  and  in  the  adjoining  pariah  of  Pcttc,  land 
^Vthed  at  two  marks,  had  also  l>een  Hubmerged.  In  '  Ikelesham,'  land  bad  been  k 
which  was  tithed  at  xUx*.  viij''.;  in  Korwe  1.50  acres,  which  had  been  tithed  at  tea] 
: ;  in  Selesye,  *  mach  arable  Innd,^  of  which  the  tithe  liad  been  osse.'^sed 
marks;  in  'Terryng,'  lands  which  had  been  sown  in  the  very  year  of  taking  tli 
{ointion,  had  been  destroyed  to  the  value  of  vj*.  viij".;  in  '  Middelton'  sixty  acre* 
I  been  lost ;  in  *  Nenncfeld,'  lands  termed  '  Morhale,'  which  were  taxed  at  xj*.  viij'' 
four  hundred  acres  were  covered  by  fresh  and  salt  water ;  in  Wertlynge 
acres  of  land  which  nsed  to  Ik  cultivated ;  in  Brcde  a  marsh  called  '  Gi 
lerscb,'  of  which  the  tax  had  been  xiij'.;  in  Salesberst  cum  Udymere  another 
£  of  the  same  Gatebergh  marsh,  worth  il*.  per  annum  ;  in  *  Brightetmestone,^  forty 
cs  which  were  wortli  forty  shillings  per  annum,  had  been  lost  '  forever;'  and  in 
fngton  another  forty  acres  ;  in  '  Lauosyngg'  the  tithes  of  land  destroyed  by  the 
uard  to  be  worth  xlj*.  yj"*.  per  annum  ;  the  tithes  of  a  pasture  v*.  per  annum  ;  and 
tbusc  of  a  water-mill  iiij' ;  and  those  of  Bcven  hundred  ult-pits  {")  all  in  like  manner^ 
4c«troyed  by  the  sea  ixiij*. 

Bar  vc  cannot  devote  space  to  the  curious  particulars  which  might  be  gleaned  froi 

km  vdtmne.     A  specimen  is  all  that  we  can  give,  and  we  tniAt  the  portions  we 

Itradetl  are  of  such  a  character  as  to  coQTince  every  one  interested  in  topographical 

"^locirchep,  that  this  is  a  volome  by  no  means  to  be  overlooked.     The  printed  volume 

ratitaioo  the  RolU  for  the  following  'i7  Counties  only  ; — the  others  arc  supposed  to  be 

tuati      ilerks,  Bedford,   Bucks,   Cambridge,    Cornwall,  Dorset,    Essex,    Gloucester, 

tkaSmd,  Huntingdon,  Hertford,  Lancaster,  Lincoln,  Middlesex.  Northampton,  Not 

daglMin,  Oxford,  Rutland,  Suffolk,  Southampton,    Stafford,    Salop,  Sussex,  Wilt 

Vmriek,  Woroeatcr,  and  York. 

FUbr  SecUnutietu  temp.  Hen.  VIIJ.  Auetoritatf  Repiii  ftutituivt.  6  toIs.  18I0>34. 

!•  our  notice  of  Pope  Nicholas's  Taxation,  we  remarked  that  the  possessors  of  the 
6ea  of  Rome  anciently  claimed  to  be  entitled,  by  virtue  of  their  Ecclesiastical  aupre- 


»  «  Dam!'  milmar*  in  the  printed  work,  which  is  a  mistalce  for  '  rfowi*  talmtir.' 

trmalation  of  the  .Saxou  '  fialr-lnif.'  in  Domesday  '  Salina.' 
GiWT.  Macs.  Yor.  III.  T 


It  it 


ytjt  Tbb  Record  Commission— No.  V.  [Feb. 


)MM^  1M>  .uiiM  pajnenta  oat  of  all  Ecclesiastical  benefices  and  possessions.  Before 
^1^  ^  jaiiffr  of  t^  siqiremacy  from  the  Pope  to  the  King,  the  payment  of  this  revenne 
y,^  1^  Ml  tmi  to  by  two  Acts  of  Parliament,  the  one  passed  in  the  33d  Henry  VIII. 
,-«^  jkV  aad  the  other  in  the  S5th  Henry  VIII.  cap.  SO  (Vid.  Anth.  Ed.  of  Stats. 
V^  III.  p>  385,  and  p.  463).  It  was  not,  however,  intended  that  the  benefit  thus 
^^i%,»«  from  the  Pope  should  be  given  to  the  Church.  A  new  and  burthensome  office 
««t  cAst  upon  the  head  of  the  State,  and  it  became  necessary  that  some  compensation 
litoM  be  made  for  the  performance  of  its  arduoos  duties.  The  Church  it  was  alleged 
^ad  been  *  utteriy  nndoon  and  impoverished'  by  the  grievous  exactions  of  the  Bishop 
of  Rome ;  and  by  way  of  remedy,  it  was  consigned  to  the  tender  mercies  of  a  new 
shepherd,  and  an  act  passed  which  at  once  '  high  over-leaped  all  bound'  of  previons 
nutal  extortion.  The  Crown  could  not  receive  this  revenue  as  a  compensation  for  the 
granting  of  bulls  for  various  purposes,  as  the  Pope  had  done ;  the  exaction  was  there- 
fore put  into  a  new  form,  and  instead  of  an  occasional  revenue,  vras  converted  into  a 
permanent  annual  payment  of  the  tenth  part  of  the  clear  profits  of  every  Ecclesiastical 
benefice.  This  was  in  addition  to  the  payment  of  the  Annata,  of  first  fruits,  upon 
every  change  of  possessor,  which,  although  complained  of  as  a  great  grievance  when 
paid  to  the  Pope,  were  nevertheless  continued  to  the  Crown.  Nor  did  the  hardship 
rest  here.  The  payment  to  the  Pope  had  been  made  upon  the  footing  of  the  old  taxa- 
tion of  Pope  Nicholas; — ^the  new  payments  to  the  Crown  were  to  be  made  upon  the 
then  actual  value.  But  we  will  show  the  transaction  as  it  appears  upon  the 
Statute  Book. 

The  First  Chapter  of  the  Statutes,  made  in  the  S6di  Henry  VIII.,  enacted  tiiat '  the 
Kyng,  our  Soveraign  Lorde,  his  heires,  and  successours,  Kynges  of  this  Realme, 
shalbe  takyn,  acceptyd,  and  reputed,  the  onely  supreme  heed  in  erthe  of  the  Churche 
of  England,  callyd  Angliama  Eeeletia,  and  shall  have  and  enjoye,  annexed  and  unyted 
to  the  Ymperyall  Crowne  of  this  Realme,  as  well  the  title  and  style  therof  as  aU 
Honours,  dignytyes,  prehemynences,  jnrisdicdons,  privil^es,  anctorities,  ymunyties, 
profitii,  and  commodities  to  the  said  dignytie  of  supreme  heed  of  the  same  Churche 
belongyng  and  apperteynyng.'  (Authentic  Ed.  of  the  Stats.  III.  492.)  The  third 
Chapter  of  the  Statutes  pasned  in  the  same  year,  recited  that  '  it  was,  and  of  verie 
dutie  ought  to  be,  the  naturall  inclinadon  of  all  good  people — sincerely  and  willingly 
to  desire  to  provide  not  onely  for  the  publike  weale  of  their  natife  contrey,  but  also 
for  the  supportacyon,  mayntenaunce,  and  defence,  of  the  royale  estate  of  their  most 
drade  and  gracious  Soveraign  Lorde,  nppon  whom  and  yn  whom  dependid  all  their 
joye  and  welthe,  3m  whom  also  was  united  and  knyt  so  princely  a  harte  and  courage 
myzed  with  mercye,  wysdome,  and  justice,  and  also  a  naturall  affeccion  joyned  to  the 
same,  as  by  the  greate,  inestimable,  and  benevolent  argnmentes  therof,  beinge  moste 
bountefully,  largely,  and  many  tymes  shewyd,  mynystred,  and  approvyd  towardes 
his  lovynge  and  obedyent  subjectes,  had  well  aperid,  whiche  required  a  lyke  corres- 
pondence of  gratitude,  to  be  considered  accordinge  to  their  moste  bounden  duetyes.' 
Upon  the  foundation  of  this  recital,  equally  simple  in  composition,  and  true  in  sub- 
stance, it  was  enacted  that  the  King  and  his  successors  should  have  for  ever  of  every 
person  who,  after  the  1st  of  January  then  next,  should  be  appointed  to  any  'benefice 
or  promocion  spirituall,  the  first  fruits,  revenues,  and  profits  for  one  year.'  '  And 
over  this'  it  was  enacted,  that  the  King  and  his  successors  should  yearly  have  for 
ever  '  one  yerely  rente  or  pension  amountyng  to  the  value  of  the  tenth  part'  of  all  the 
revenues  of  all  benefices.  It  was  also  enacted  that  the  '  Chauncelour'  should  have 
power  to  direct  into  every  diocese  Commissions  in  the  King's  name,  authorizing 
Commissioners  to  inquire  into  the  value  of  the  Spiritual  and  Temporal  effects  of  aU 
Ecclesiastical  persons  and  bodies  throughout  the  kingdom.  (Auth.  Ed,  of  the  Stots. 
III.  493,  495.)    We  have  not  afflicted  our  readers  with  the  intolerable  legal  verbiag^ 


1835.]  Valor  Ecclesiasticua,  temp.  Hen.  VI H.  139 

in  which  til  thU  u  couched ;— it  U  clear  that  the  setue  of  it  WM  to  vest  the  lapsed 
{>«}«1  retreaae  of  First  FruitB,  and  also  the  new  revenue  of  Tenths,  in  the  Crown  ; 
bat  nothing  can  be  more  preposterous  than  the  phraseology  nmdt  use  of.  Legal 
laotology  attained  a  height  at  this  period,  which  it  has  maiataiued  without  notxsider- 
I  able  increase  up  to  the  present  time.  Common  sense  has  at  length  begun  to  illuminate 
•van  the  dull  re<ilms  over  which  the  special  pleader  and  the  conreynncer  preside,  and 
the  Tencrable  ab^^uriUties  in  which  they  delight  to  clotlie  plain  matter»-of-fact,  ¥rill,  it 
js  to  be  hoped,  quickly  disappear. 

The  new  revenue,  into  possession  of  which  the  King  had  thus  suddenly  come,  was 
not  suffered  to  remain  long  unproductive.  One  of  his  earliest  acta  was  to  cause  that 
general  Ecclesiastical  Survey  to  be  made,  which  is  popularly  known  by  the  title  of 
*  the  King's  Book  ;'  it  is  also  called  '  the  Valor  Ecclesiasticus,'  aud  constitixtea  the 
Becorda  contained  in  the  volumes  before  us.  Tht6  Survey  was  taken  in  the  manner 
pmcribed  by  the  Statute,  namely,  under  the  authority  of  Commissions  isstied  by  the 
Chancellor  into  every  Diocese;  and  with  the  Commissiona  were  transmitted  certain 
Instructions  to  be  attended  to  by  the  ComDiissiouers  in  the  execution  of  their  task. 
TbeM  Instructions  were  signed  by  the  King,  and  were  stated  to  liave  been  '  devysed 
hj  the  Kynge4  Highnes,  by  the  advyse  of  his  Counsayle.'  They  ore  published  in  the 
first  volume  of  this  work,  and  also  in  Bacon's  Libur  Regis,  [>.  v.  Aa  they  exhibit 
the  course  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Commissioners,  and  explain  the  nature  of  the 
Record  which  was  the  result  of  their  labours,  we  shall  give  a  short  abstract  of 
,  their  contents. 

I.  Commissions  to  be  issned  with  these  articles  annexed. 
«  The  Commissioners  were  to  send  for  such  persons  as  could  inform  them  how 
deaneries  rural '   there  were  within  the  limits  of  their  Commi5.>ian,  and  how 
auny  ecclesiastical  edifices  and  offices  there  were  in  each  deanery. 

111.  The  Commissioners  were  to  divide  themselves  '  by  thre  and  thre,'  or  any 
other  convenient  number,  and  every  diiferent  party  of  Commissioners  was  to  ascer- 
tain 'the  hole  and  yerely'  values  of  the  Ecclesiastical  establishments  and  offices 
within  the  district  assigned  to  them.  Power  was  given  them  to  examine  the  incum- 
bents, their  receivers,  and  servants;  to  inspect  their  books,  and  adopt  all  other  means 
of  inqoiry  they  thought  proper,  entering  the  results  of  their  inqmries  '  in  a  playno 
Boke  after  the  auditour's  fashyon.' 

TV.  They  were  to  ascertain  '  the  bote  and  entyre  yerely  value'  of  the  Spiritualities 
aad  Temporalities  of  the  Archbishops  and  Bishops,  with  what  deductions  thereout 
were  paid  for  rents,  pensions,  and  fees. 

CV.  To  ascertain   the  annual   value   of  the  Spiritunl  and  Temporal  effiects  of  the 
Catlicdral  Churches,  and  what  was  paid  thereout  as  before. 
VI.  To  ascertain   the   names  of  the  Beans,  and  other  officers  of  the  Cathedral 
Cbnrches,  and  the  amounts  of  their  yearly  incomes. 
Vll.  To  aacertain  the  number  and  names  of  the  Archdeaconries,  and  Deaneries 
rural,  and  their  yearly  values,  and  what  was  paid  thereout. 
VIII.  To  ascertain  the  number  and  names  of  all  Colleges  and  Collegiate  Churches, 
the  yearly  value  of  their  effects,  and  what  was  paid  thereout. 

tX.  To  ascertain  the  names  of  all  officers  of  Collegiate  Churches,  and  the  amounts 
of  their  yearly  incomes. 

X.  and  XL  Similar  inquiries  as  to  Hospitalsr  and  Convents  of  Secniar  Priests,  or 
L«7  brethren. 

XII.  and  XHL  The  like  ss  to  Abbeys,  Monasteries,  Priories,  and  other  religiotis 
and  conventual  houses. 
XIV,  Tlic  tike  aa  to  every  Parsonage,  Vicarage^  Cbauntry,  aud  Free  Chapel. 


I 


140  Recokd  Commission — No.  V.  [Feb. 

XV.  T%e  CommianoDen  were  to  cavae  '  to  be  made  a  foyer  boke  after  tiie  aiidi« 
tour's  fasbyon,  putting  first  in  the  bed  tbereof  the  name  of  the  arcbebaahoprick  or 
bosboprick  where  the  com'iasion  jb  directed,  and  the  bole  and  entire  yerdy  valne 
thereof,  with  die  dedaccona  to  be  resolate  that  ar  before  mencyoned  and  none  other; 
and  then,  next  after  that,  to  putt  the  name  of  the  cathedrall  chnrche,  or  monaat'ie, 
where  the  aee  of  the  archebuahopricke,  or  boahopricke  ya,  and  the  nombre,  or  namya, 
of  all  such  dignities,  prebends,  officya,  cures,  chauntriea,  and  promocons  apiiall, 
which  be  in  aucceaaion  in  the  said  cathedrall  chnrcbv,  or  monastie,  and  as  well  the 
hole  and  entire  yerely  value  of  the  said  Cadiedrall  churche,  or  monaat'ie,  as  the 
p'ticuler  yerely  p'fytt  that  bdongeth  to  eT*y  of  the  said  dignities,  prebendys.  See., 
with  the  deduccons  to  be  resolute  out  of  the  aame ;  and  then  next  after  that  to  put 
the  nombre  and  namea  of  er'y  archidiaconry,  and  denry  rurall,  widiin  the  lymytts 
of  ther  comiasion,  and  in  whose  dioces,  or  jurisdiccon,  they  be,  and  their  serrall  and 
p'tieular  yerly  values,  and  deduccons ;  and  next  after  that  to  put  ev'ry  coDeige, 
churches-collegyatt,  hospytale,  abbey,  monaat'ie,  priorie,  house, — religiouse,  p'sonage, 
vycarlge,  chaunt'ie,  free  chapell,  and  all  other  promocons  sp'nall,  under  the  title 
and  name  of  the  denry  rurall  where  sudi  eoDeg'a,  &c.,  lyen,  and  ben  fbund]fd,  and 
theyr  sev'all  and  distinct  yerely  valuea  with  suche  deduceoos  as  ys  above  mencyoned, 
and  the  nombre  and  namea  of  all  audi  prebendya,  dignyties,  offic',  dutunt'is,  or 
other  promocons  ap'uall,  what  so  ev*  diey  be,  in  any  of  the  aud  coUegs,  &c.,  and 
ther  distinct  sev'all  and  yerly  values  as  afore  dedared.' 

XVI.  The  Commiaaiona,  and  the  Books  compiled  by  the  Commissioners,  were  to 
be  returned  to  the  Exchequer. 

The  Commissions  were  dated  on  the  S6th  January,  S6th  Henry  Till.  A.  D.  1535, 
and  were  returnable  on  the  Octaves  of  the  Holy  Trinity  in  that  year.  In  several 
instances,  however,  die  time  for  the  return  was  probably  extended.  (Tid.  Introd.  to 
Valor,  p.  V.  and  Strype'a  Ecdea.  Memorials,  vol.  I.  p.  348,  edit.  1816.)  Some  of 
the  returns  were  in  Engliah,  othera  in  Latin;  aome  in  booka,  odiera  on  roUa  ;  aome 
on  paper,  others  on  parchment.  The  paper  returns  have  suffered  considerable  injury 
from  lapse  of  time,  and  several  returns,  once  known  to  be  in  existence,  are  now  lost 
— ^whether  deatroyed  by  time  or  negligence  is  unknown.  The  lost  returns  comprise 
the  whole  Diocese  of  Ely ;  a  great  part  of  die  Diocese  of  London ;  the  Coandes  of 
Berks,  Rutland,  and  Northumberland,  and  part  of  the  Diocese  of  York,  indnding 
the  whole  of  the  Deaneries  of  Rydal  and  Craven.  The  first  five  volume*  of  the  pre- 
sent publication  contain  the  whole  of  the  extant  Record,  widi  die  lost  portions  aup- 
plied  as  fu-  as  they  can  be  from  the  lAber  Valonm,  a  book  preserved  in  the  Augmen- 
tation Office,  which  contains  die  names  and  values  of  all  benefices,  but  without  the 
particulars.  Each  volume  has  also  Indexes  of  names  and  {daces,  maps  of  die  Dio- 
ceses, and  lists  of  the  Peculiars  in  every  Diocese. 

In  the  first  volume,  published  in  1810,  it  was  announced  diat  a  *  General  Map,' 
and  also  a  '  General  Introduction,'  to  be  written  by  Mr.  Caley,  the  editor,  would  be 
published  in  the  last  volume.  After  the  publication  of  aeveral  of  the  volumea,  it  was 
determined,  upon  the  suggestion  of  Lord  Colchester,  to  publish  an  appendix;  to  con- 
sist of  some  detached  pieces  at  contemporary  evidence  of  a  character  similar  to  the 
Valor,  which  bad  been  discovered  during  the  progress  of  the  publication,  and  also  of 
a  General  Index,  formed  under  the  direction  of  his  Lordship,  and  upon  a  plan 
suggested  by  him.  Mr.  Caley  availed  himself  of  dib  determination  to  delay  the  ap- 
pearance of  his  Introduction  untQ  the  publication  of  the  Appendix.  When  the  pre- 
■  sent  Commissioners  were  appointed,  the  Appendix  and  a  great  part  of  the  Index  had 
been  printed,  but  no  progress  had  been  made  in  the  preparation  of  the  Introduction. 
After  some  consideration  the  Commissioners,  although  doubtful,  as  they  might  weU 
be,  of  the  necessity  of  a  General  Index  to  a  book  every  volume  of  which  was  akcady 


■ 


1835,]  P'aior  EccUsiaiticus,  temp.  Hen.  VIII.  141 

hidcxod.  rerj  properly  determined  that,  u  the  expense  of  printing  had  been  incurred, 
they  would  not  destroy  the  completeness  of  the  publication,  and  therefore  directed 
the  8ixth  volume  to  be  pablished  iminediAtely.  They  also  appointed  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Hoater  to  prepare  the  General  Introduction.  Under  these  circumatancea  the  sixth 
TQlnme  ws  published  in  the  year  1  H,')4. 

Mr.  Caley  must  have  poaacsged  bo  minute  a  Icnowlcdge  of  the  contents  of  thia  ini> 
portant  Record,  that  we  cannot  but  regret  that  he  did  not  fulfU  lug  proause  of  for- 
Bishing  the  Introdaction.  Talcen  as  a  whole,  the  Valor  ta  indeed  a  noble  record,  but 
h  ia  not  as  a  whole  that  it  is  now  most  nseful.  Like  Domesday,  it  contains  many 
points  of  information  which  can  only  be  brought  out  by  painful  and  persevering 
hhmr  7— by  the  application  of  a  reiterated  attention  to  erery  portion  nf  it.  A  cur- 
•cay  ^asoe  will  sutijify  the  general  inquirer ;  it  will  convince  him  of  ita  ilignity  and 
iti  value  :  his  imagination  will  be  stimulated  by  its  exhibition  of  priegtly  magnilic^nce: 
his  charity  warmed  by  its  details  of  provisions  instituted  by  the  piety  of  our  ancestors, 
for  the  poor,  and  those  who  had  none  to  help  them  ;  his  pity  will  be  excited  by  the 
fatnfnl  picture  of  the  weakness  of  the  haman  inteCect,  alTorJed  in  its  enumeration  of 
•aper«titioa>  usages ;  but  no  cursory  glance  can  bring  forth  from  this  unworked  mine 
the  many  facts  which  it  contains,  useful  in  every  way  to  tlie  deep  searcher  into  our 
history.  Here  it  is  that  Mr.  Caley,  who  had  the  custody  and  study  of  the  record  for 
Marly  thirty  years,  might  have  done  more  than  any  one  else.  A  characteristic  habit 
of  procrutination  deprived  the  antiquarian  world  of  the  adrantage  we  thinic  he  might 
kftTt  eoDferred  upon  it,  and  hia  memory  of  the  reputation  which  wonld  have  been  its 
fnHlt. 

Mr.  Hunter's  Introduction  docs  not  embrace,  under  the  circumstances  it  could  not 
h***  been  expected  that  it  would  embrace,  the  particular  description  of  iofarmation 
mtidpkted  from  Mr.  Csley.  It  is  a  wcU-written  treatise  upon  the  origin  and  history 
of  the  Record,  and  exhibits  its  value  and  the  general  nature  of  its  contents  in  lan- 
gotfe  *o  interesting,  that  we  cannot  omit  gracing  our  pages  with  a  lengthened 
extract. 

•'  Although,"  Mr.  Hunter  remarks,  *'  much  of  the  use  of  the  Valor  has  been  lost 
by  change  of  circumstanres,  yft  do  nut  these  things  at  all  diminitdi  its  ralue  when  it 
b  ktoked  at  under  that  other  aspect, — under  which  oM  records  admit  of  being  placed, 
— OS  on  histuricjil  document,  by  means  of  which  much  may  be  collected  concerning 
the  state  of  the  country  at  the  time  when  it  was  prepared,  and  many  facts  be  recoTered 
ia  the  transactions  of  piutt  centurie:^.  Itjs  value  in  this  point  of  view  will  be  at  once 
rent,  when  it  is  reruUe*tcd  tbat  we  have  here  presented  before  n«,  in  one  grand 
the  whole  Ecclesiastical  establishment  of  England  and  WaWs,  as  it  had 
built  up  in  successive  centuries,  and  when  it  was  carried  to  its  greatest  height. 
tf  there  were  spots  or  extravagancies,  yet  on  the  whole  it  is  a  pleasing  as  well  as  » 
plcndid  spectacle,  eapecially  if  we  look  with  minute  observation  into  any  portion  of 
Record,  and  compare  it  with  a  map  which  shows  the  distribution  of  population  in 
times  over  the  island,  and  then  observe  how  religion  harl  pursued  man  even  to 

1  remotest  abodes,  and  was  present  among  the  most  rugijcd  dwellers  in  the  hills  and 
iriUemeKsea,  softening  and  humanizing  their  hearts. 

AQ  this  is  Tntere$tinir  to  the  philosopher,  as  well  as  to  the  historian,  while  it  is  of 
I— tmhl  moment  to  him  who  undertakes  to  give  a  topographical  description  of  any 
poitian  of  the  country ;  hut  the  Record  does  not  stop  here.  It  presents  us  with  a 
WW  of  those  more  gorgeous  establishments  where  the  service  of  the  Most  High  was 
condurted  in  the  magnificent  structures  wliich  still  exist  amongst  us,  with  a  great 
array  of  priwts,  in  all  the  pomp  of  whlcli  acts  of  devotion  admit ;  and  of  abbies  and 
otJjKr  monai>t«rief,  now  but  ruined  edifices,  where  resided  the  sons  and  daughters  of 
•a  ca^trrr  piety,  and  where  the  services  were  scarcely  ever  sii8|»eDded. 

**  But  when  it  sets  forth  the  sources  from  whence  the  revenue  was  derived,  from 
which  these  foundations  were  maintained,  and  the  outgoin|j;s  from  the  rents  and  pro- 
tta,  charges  for  obits  and  alms,  settled  often  by  the  original  rounder,  wu  are  presented 
wish  innomeraMc  facts,  important  in  monastic  history,  and  in  the  history  of  the  pcr- 
Mun  «ho  were  dit'linguuthcd  iu  the  reigus  of  our  early  sovereignty.     While  in  the  full 


I 


142 


RSCOBD  COMHIBBION — No.  V. 


[Feb. 


CDumeraHon  whicb  if,  given  of  the  various  persons  who  held  office  in  the  monasterieA 
as  auditors,  stownrJs,  and  receivers,  we  Lave  facts  which  the  biographer  may  turn  to 
excellent  acc-oimt  in  the  live*  of  man^  personji  who  Nourished  in  the  n-ipis  of  the 
Tudors;  and  in  the  accounts  of  beucficfs  and  dij^ities,  an  almont  complete  cata. 
log^c  of  the  Clergy  of  that  time,  with  the  several  preferments  enjoyed  by  them  at  a 
time  of  such  peculiar  importance  in  the  Ecclesiastical  history  of  the  country. 

"  And,  lastly,  the  notices  of  the  Chantries  in  this  Record  pservtf  as  the  bi*8t  guide 
we  have  in  the  purpose,  uud  the  jira  nf  thnse  Chnpels  which  wr  find  attached  to  many 
of  the  parish  Churches  in  England,  injuring  their  symmetry,  and  obeicuring  the  origi. 
nal  design,  but  often  presenting  features  cjf  great  architectural  beauty,  and  of  which, 
by  aid  of  this  Record,  the  age  may  not  unfrequcntly  be  determined." — Introduction 
to  the  Valor,  p.  ti. 

The  preciac  arrangement  of  the  facts  contained  in  the  Valor,  is  Bufficientlj- 
explained  in  the  fifteenth  article  of  the  instructions  quoted  above.  The  dioceses  are 
MTaDg«d  according;  to  the  new  division  which  took  place  about  eight  years  after  the 
nunrey,  ud  are  contained  in  the  volumes  in  the  foUnwing  order.  Vol.  I.  Canteriniiy, 
Rochester,  Bath  and  Wells,  Bristol,  t'hichester,  and  London.  Vol.  IL  Wincheater, 
Salisbury,  Oxford,  Exeter,  and  Gloucester.  Vol.  I! I.  Hereford,  Coventry  and  Lich- 
field, Worcester,  Norwich,  and  Ely.  Vol.  IV.  Lincoln,  Peterborough,  LandafT,  St. 
David's,  Bangor  and  St.  A«apb.     Vol.  V.  York,  Chester,  Carlisle,  and  Durham. 

Rotuli  Scotia  in  Turri  Londinmai  el  in  Domo  Cajtitufari  Wetlmonatierienti  a$tervati. 
Two  VoU.fal.  1814-19. 

Theie  are  Kccords  of  the  very  highest  daas.  With  few  cxc«pttoos  the  other 
Records  first  published  by  the  Commis.'iioncrs,  have  a  local  and  (lersonal  interest,  but 
these  are  of  geneml  and  rintii>nal  importance.  The  ancient  bearing  of  the  kingdoms 
of  England  and  Scotland  towards  each  other,  is  a  subject  of  curious  inquiry,  and  one 
which  these  Records  illustrate  in  a  singular  manner.  United  by  one  common  reli- 
gkm ;  speaking,  for  the  most  part,  one  common  language  ;  governed  by  princes 
between  whose  families  tlie  closest  alliances  were  occasionally  fanned  ;  with  little 
difference  in  their  politicAl  institutions,  and  in  the  state  of  their  comparative  cix-iliza- 
tion  ;  alike  in  bravery  and  most  of  the  other  requisites  of  the  manly  character ;  sepa- 
rated by  a  natural  boundary  so  slight  as  in  some  places  to  be  scarcely  disccniible ; 
they  yet  were  severed  by  mutuol  ill-will  more  completely  than  if  the  Alps  or  the  ocean 
liad  kept  them  apart.  The  artifices  and  power  of  England  i^everal  timcis  endangered 
the  separate  existence  of  its  poorer  and  less  powerful  rival,  but  the  deep-rooted  deter- 
ninadoa  of  the  Scottish  people  to  [ireserre  their  national  independence  more  than 
counterbalanced  the  disadvantages  arising  from  inequality  of  wealth  and  populatiun. 
Deserted  as  at  one  time  they  were  by  the  greater  part  of  thi'ir  nobility,  dis[>erscd, 
defeated,  and  their  country  delivered  up  into  the  hands  vf  a  politic  and  ambitious 
enemy,  they  recovered  and  prcscrrcd  their  freedom  by  a  series  of  acliievements  to 
which  patriotism  in  erery  age  and  country  is  delighted  to  apjyeal.  Under  the 
influence  of  such  transactions  tlie  mutual  feelings  of  jealousy  and  dislike  took  a  deep 
and  lasting  root.  The  lapse  of  centuries  was  not  sufficient  to  eradicate  them,  and 
even  tintil  within  our  own  times,  u  hatred  of  *  the  Southron '  formed  an  ingredient  in 
the  character  of  many  a  Scotchman.  These  roUa  contain  the  materials  for  a  history 
of  all  the  pubUc  transactions  between  the  two  countries  from  the  IJtth  Edward  L  to 
■ibe  8th  Henry  VIII.  comprising  documents  relating  to  the  '  political,  naval,  and  mi- 
I  fitary  tnuuactions ;  proceedings  relative  to  prisoner*  of  war ;  rewards  to  portucana  ; 
orders  for  attainders,  and  grants  uf  pardon  to  persona  attainted ;  revenue ;  trade ; 
Ecdedoatical  documeots ;  and  various  miscellaneoits  matters  not  referable  to  any  of 
Um  preoediAg  heads.'     (Introduction  to  Jd  volame.) 

It  it  crident  that  volumes  might  be  framed  oat  of  the  contents  of  documcnta  ao 
BtQhUWriotts,  and  that,  within  our  brief  limits,  it  is  imtKMvible  to  coavey  any  rhing 


1835.] 


Rotuli  Scotia:. — Conclusion. 


143 


l^like  an  adequate  notion  of  their  importance.     Mr.  Tytler,  whose  opinion  upon  this 

ibject  is  entitled  to  the  very  greatest  attention,  acknowledged  that  Lis  Scottish  His- 

unr  derived  important  benefit  from  this  publication,  which  he  styles  '  a  great  national 

rork.'  adding,  '  that  it  is  not  too  mucli  to  say  that,  considered  as  materials  for 

Ituthentic  history,  it  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  presents  whinh  could  have  been  raado 

ttfw  country.'     (History  of  Scotland,  pref.  to  vol.  iL)     We  have  not  left  ourselves 

to  make  any  extracts,  and  will  not  lessen  the  weight  of  such  important  test!- 

iiny  by  any  comments  of  our  own. 

W«  here  bring  to  a  close  our  obeervsiJons  upon  the  works  published  or  coniinciieed 
■nder  the  Record  ComminisionB  previous  to  that  in  1B31.     It  was  impossible,  con- 
•istently  with  the  space  wc  could  devote  to  the  subject,  to  give  more  than  an  ex> 
tremely  brief  notice  of  many  of  them  ;  but,  being  aware  of  this  circomstcnce  from  the 
*  commencement,  we  have  eud<?avoured  to  present  Dot  a  complete  outline  but  a  delitiea* 
Itioo  of  the  most  striking  features,  with  a  detail  of  such  factd  as  wiiuld  best  lead 
inquirers  to  form  a  general  idea  of  the  whole.     We  hove  soujjht  to  stimulate  inquiry 
rather  than  to  satisfy  it ;  to  induce  others  to  turn  to  these  volumes  rather  than  to 
fomiib  a  substitute  for  them.     In  oar  estimate  of  their  merits  wc  have  judged  freely, 
but  we  believe  justly.     The  great  fault  imder  the  old  Coramisgion  was,  that  amongst 
the  advisers  of  the  Commissioners  there  were  some  who  appear  to  Itave  been  wholly 
uawortby  of  their  office; — men  whose  views  of  the  objects  of  the  Cummissiun  were 
too  confined  to  enable  them  to  direct  the  choice  of  the  Commisaioners  to  proper 
works  for  publication  ; — men  who  possessed  Uttle  more  ability  than  the  modicum  suf- 
ficient for  Index-makers,  and  who,  it  is  to  be  feared,  with  a  %-iew  to  their  own  retnu- 
nentioD,  urged  on  the  Commissioners  to  such  publicatiooB  as  best  displayed,  and 
nost  amply  recompensed,  their  own  peculiar  talents.     If  we  add  that  there  was  an 
LCxtraiie  csreleasness  and  want  of  management  in  the  expenditure  under  tlic  Comcnis- 
[bios,  vre  believe  we  have  stated  the  chitf  causes  of  their  blunder:! — blunders  which 
^wcre  more  than  enough  to  justify  the  outcry  raised  against  them.     Witli  all  their 
I  faults,  however,  it  would  be  strange  indeed  if  the  h'2  folio  volumes  whirh  the  Cummis- 
Itioiieni  sent  into  the  world  did  not  contain  much  valuable  matter.     However  defec* 
|ltve,  they  constitute  a  storehouse  of  facts  with  which  no  historical  or  legal  antiiiuary, 
)  genealogist,  no  topographer,  ought  to  be  otherwise  than  moat  intimately  acquainted, 
the  superficial,  indeed,  they  may  cut  appear  tq  be  volumes  the  reading  of  which  is 
Iculatcd  to  '  make  a  July's  day  short  as  December  ;*  but  we  write  not  fur  the  super- 
1,  but  for  those  who  desire,  whatever  may  be  the  cost  or  the  trouble,  to  ascend  to 
[tiie  fountains  of  historical  truth.     For  their  use  these  papers  have  been  priuci- 
ly  intended,  and  we  cannot  conclude  this  portion  of  them  better  thou  by  again 

them  to  tlie  deep  study  of  these  important  volumes. 
We  shall  hereafter  notice  the  volumes  pubUahed  uader  the  authority  of  the  present 
ionersi 


CHAPEL  PLASTER,  WILTSHIRE. 
{With  a  Ptatp.) 


THE  building,  of  which  two  views 
given  in  the  accompanying  Plate, 
hu9  mentioned  by  Leiand  on  bis 
from  CorsUara  to  the  neighbour- 
illoge  of  Haselbury  ; — "  1  left  on 
lilt  hand,  on  the  toppc  of  a  litlp 
hille,  AX  IIeurmitage.  withyn  a  litlc 
aa  I  tumid  doun  to  Hasilbvri." 


It  stood  by  the  aide  of  the  high  road, 
and  "on  the  top  of  &  little  hill ;"  it 
wa«,  therefore,  clearly  not  one  of 
those  primitive  Hermitages*  which 
were  formed  in  the  obscurity  of  a 
wilderncsB  or  the  rece8»es  of  a  forest ; 
but  one  of  those  uacfut  single  houses, 
which  were  stationed  to  aflford  to  the 


144 


Chapel  Plaster,  Wiltshire. 


[Feb. 


wayfaring  man  a  charitablo  and  reli- 
gious shelter.  Mr.  Fosbroke,  in  his 
British  Monachism,  has  quoted  from 
the  life  of  Fiacre,  in  the  Golden  Le- 
gend ;  who,  having  procured  a  spot  in 
which  "  to  lede  his  lyfe  hcremyticke 
and  solitarily,"  there  "founded  a 
ehyrehe,"  and  "beyonde  it  a  lytill 
way  thens  he  bylded  a  It/til  house  wher- 
in  he  dwelled,  and  there  herherowedde 
the  pour  that  patted  by."  In  Don 
Quixote,  also,  is  mentioned  a  her- 
mitage, which  had  adjoining  to  it  "  a 
little  house,  built  by  the  labour  of  the 
hermit's  own  hands,  which,  though 
narrow,  is  large  enough  to  reeewe  tra- 
vellert." 

Thus,  at  the  first  stage  from  London 
on  the  North,  there  was  a  Hermitage 
on  Highgate  hill,  one  of  the  occupants 
of  which  was  so  particularly  attentive 
and  munificent  to  the  travellers,  that 
he  formed  for  them  the  causeway 
through  Holloway.  There  was  also 
a  similar  foundation  on  the  other 
road  at  Tottenham. 

On  the  Birmingham  road,  near 
Chipping  Norton,  is  now  a  handsome 
inn  called  Chapel  House,  which  Mr. 
Gough  (in  Magna  Britannia)  states 
was  an  ancient  chapel  used  by  pil- 
grims.* 

Others  throughout  the  country  will 
occur  to  our  readers ;  and  chapels  on 
Bridges  were  of  a  similar  class.  Many 
of  them  were  endowed ;  others  were 
supported  by  the  bounty  of  the  wealthy 
traveller,  to  assist  the  indigent. 

"  For  the  relief  and  entertainment," 
says  one  of  the  historians  of  Glaston- 
bury, "  of  devout  pilgrims  resorting  to 
this  holy  place,  there  was  not  only  a 
Hospital  built  at  Glastonbury.f  but 
likewise  in  other  places,  where  they 
were  entertained  gratis.  There  were 
two  such  in  the  neighbourhood,  one 
called  the  ChapeU  qf  Playsten,  near 
Box,  a  town  in  Wiltshire  near  the 
Bath;  the  other  was  a  great  house 

•  The  editor  of  Skelton's  Oxfordshire 
supposed  that  "  the  buildings  of  this  inn 
were  formerly  those  of  Cold  Norton 
Priory."  (Chadlington  Hundred,  p.  5.) 
In  digging  to  enlarge  the  house,  stone 
coffins,  a  silver  cradtix,  and  some  beads 
were  found. 

t  Still  standing,  now  the  Geoige  Inn. 
4 


called ,  without  Lafford'a 

Gate  near  Bristol.^" 

It  may  have  been  a  reason  for  es- 
tablishing such  a  place  at  Chapel 
Plaster,  diat  the  Abbats  of  Gloucester 
had  a  country  mansion  or  palace  at 
Kington  St.  Michael,  about  eight 
miles  distant  toward  Malmesbary,  so 
that  it  was  found  a  convenient  resting- 
place.  This  house  is  still  used  as  a 
dwelling-house,  and  a  few  years  ago 
contained  a  magnificent  ancient  bed- 
steads 

With  respect  to  the  origin  of  what 
now  appears  the  singular  name  of 
Chapel  Plaster,  it  may  be  suggested 
that  the  former  and  not  the  latter 
word  was  possibly  the  adjunct  to  the 
original  name  of  the  spot,  which  may 
have  been  the  pUu-trew,  or  woody 
place.  From  Leland  we  learn  that  it 
was  surrounded  with  wood  in  his 
time: — "From  Haselbyri  to  Monck- 
ton  the  country  beginnith  to  wax 
woddy :  and  so  forth  like  to  Brade- 
ford." 

The  architecture  of  the  Chapel  be- 
longs to  the  close  of  the  fifteenUi  cen- 
tury. The  design  possesses  consider- 
able merit,  and  its  ornaments  have 
been  carefully  executed.  The  Iwxly 
and  chancel  together  measure  29  fleet 
in  length,  and  are  each  9  feet  3  inches 
in  width ;  but  the  distinction  between 
them  is  sufficiently  marked  on  the  ex- 
terior bv  the  superior  height  of  the 
roof  of  the  body,  which  is  distinguish- 
ed at  its  western  extremity  by  a  bell- 
turret.  The  porch  at  this  end  is  co- 
vered with  a  steep  roof  and  gable,  but 
the  door  and  small  window  are  its  only 
embellishments.  It,  however,  shel- 
ters a  handsome  door,  surmounted  by 
a  niche  of  very  elegant  and  somewhat 
singular  design.  A  figure  of  the  rood 
is  remembered  to  have  stood  in  this 
niche ;  but  some  years  ago  it  was 
thrown  down  and  beaten  to  pieces. 
In  the  spaodrils  of  the  doorway  are 
blank  shields,  projecting  in  the  centre, 
and  perforated  at  the  dexter  chief, 
after  the  Tudor  fashion.  On  the  south 
side  of  the  outer  door  is  a  piscina, 
but  now  closed. 

There  are  windows  on  the  sides  of 
the  chancel,  but  none  at  the  east  end, 

%  llearne's  Hist,  and  Ant.  of  Glaston* 
bury,  p.  26. 


1835.J . 


Archery  at  Harrow  School. 


\A:t 


rhtch  presents  a  buttress  in  the  cen- 
p,  miog  nearly  to  the  summit  of  the 
jle,  which  has  been  ornamented 
rtth  a  cross  in  stone;  but  nothing 
ire  th&ti  the  pedestal  remains.  A 
~em  oven  has  been  attached  to  this 
A  transept  on  the  north  side  of  the 
\j  foroied  a  portion  of  the  original 
ig7».  Its  roof  is  as  lofty  as  that  of 
lie  body,  and  the  gable  terminates  in 
I  handsome  finial.  The  window  retains 
tracery,  but  the  mullions  have  been 
)ye<l.  The  lower  room  of  this 
fit  has  a  very  large  fire-place. 
upper  floor  was  approached  by  an 
Eterior  staircase,  shown  in  the  view, 
ilan  and  several  Ticws  of  Chapol 
are  preserved  in  Mr.  Buckler's 
tion  of  the  arcfaitectaral  antiqut- 
of  Wiltshire,  in  the  possession  of 
'^Bir  R.  C\  Hoare. 

The  modern  appropriation  of  this 
ancient  and  interesting  building  is 
tneao.  As  the  adjunct  of  a  small  ale- 
hfiUMr.  it  is  continually  e3|K>sed  to 
injury,  which  is  inflicted  without  re- 
morse and  without  measure.  Still 
le**  cretlitable.  however,  was  the  pur- 
jKise  to  which  this  interesting  build- 
tig  was  perN'erted  at  one  period  dur- 
tg  the  last  century ;  wiien  the  an- 
rnt  hennitage,  the  refuge  of  the 
traveller,  became  the  lurking 
of  highwaymen. 

"  The  Discoveries  of  John  Poul- 

alias  Baxter,    who   was    ap[ire- 

ended  for  robbing  Dr.  Hancock,  of 

irr,    on    darken    Down,    near 

'  (the  eightli  edition,  1754.)  it 

leoth'  mentioned,  being  kept  by 

'S— n  and  M— y  G a."    After 

bbing  Dr.  Hancock,  Poulter  and  his 

le    Burk    leturncd    to    Chapel 

whence    they    had   started ; 

"  Burk  ask'd  M— y  G—  if  she 

not  afraid  to  see  as  load  our  ]>is- 

Ja ;  she  said.   No  ;  tlvn/  are  hoI  lh>* 

'at  I  hncf  ffvn  Innded  by  niijlii  in  this 

ttken." 

Haslcbary  Hoase,  one  mile  from 
Box,  is  of  the  age  of  Elizabeth  or 
i0me»  the  First.  Early  in  the  pre- 
•rnl  century,  several  stone  coffins  were 
ploughed  U|)  near  this  mansion  ;  pro- 
bably marking  tlie  site  of  the  Church 
of  Ha«loburv,  which  has  been  K»ng 
de>itroycd.  It  has  been  customary  on 
the  toduclion  of  a  new  Rector,  that 
be  should  read  prayers  in  a  room  in 
t)ic  old  mansion ;  and  in  an  inclosed 
T,  Mag.  Vol.  III. 


place  called  the  burying-placc  (the 
same  in  which  the  coffins  were  found  ?) 
a  portion  of  the  mould  is  placid  in  his 
hand.  The  parishioners  have  now 
approfiriated  to  them  the  south  tran- 
sept of  the  Church  ot  Box. 


M«.  Ubbav.         Pimlicn.  Dec.  4. 

AS  many  of  your  columns  have 
lately  been  occupied  by  the  rchcarches 
of  .\rchery  Correspondents,  probably 
the  following  cumrannicatinn  will  be 
interesting  and  acceptable  to  some  of 
your  readers,  especially  tu  those  who 
are  Toxopholites. 

That  celebrated  spminnry  of  learn- 
ing,  situated  at  Harrnw-on-the-hill,  ' 
was  founded  in  ITiOd,  l)y   John   Lyoa,!C 
who,  before  his  death,  drew  up  the'  ' 
Rules  for  its  direction  ;  one  of  which 
enacts,    that    the    amusement   of   the 
.scholars  shall  be  contined  to  "  driving 
a  top,  tossing  a  haud-ball,  running, 
s/inotittff,  and  no  other."     Among  thi 
five   aiticlcs  subjoined  to  the  KuieSj,^ 
recited    to    all     persons    ititrnducinfl 
BLholars  to  be  received  on  the  founda< 
tion,    I    find,     "  Thirdly,    you    shall 
allow    your  child,  at   all  times,  imw- 
shaftn,    bow-atrinijii,    and  n    //racer,  to 
fxercise  .^hooting." 

The  practice  of  Archery  was  coeval 
with   the   foundation   of   the   school, 
and  this  custom  has  often  been  con- 
sidered very  singular,  and  peculiar  to 
Harrow  school;    an    idea  which  ha4 
probably  arisen  from  the  longer  dura** 
tion  of  it  there  than  elsewhere.     The 
public  exhibitions  of  archery  at  Har- 
row were   annual,  and   I   have  traced 
them   back  for   more  than  a  century. 
ThefirstTIiursday  in  Augustwastheday 
on  which  originally  six,*  and  in  later'] 
years  twelve,  boyscontcnded  for  n  silver" 
arrow,  value  lo/.  ;  hut  the  first  Thurs- 
day in   July  was  afterwards    substi- 
tuted for  the  former  day      The  com- 
petitors were  attired  in  fancy  dresses 
of  spangled  satin  ;   the  usual  coloun' 
were    white   and  green ;    green    silk'l 
sashes,  and  silken  caps,  completed  (he 
whimsical  figures  of  the  Archers.   The 

•  Id  17.10  and   17.J6  the   competitor 
were  eight,  the  value  of  the  arrow  was  3// 
We  have  inserted  in  our  Co^r<■l«I)ondent'l^l 
list  the  conqueror  of  1735;  and  beg  to' 
refer  him  to  our  Magazine  for  18 16,  i. 
175,  when  the   shooting  seems  tu  have 
been  revived,  ontl  the  stiver  arrow  won  by 
Master  Jenkins. — EnrT.  ' 

U 


146 


Archery  at  Harrow  School. 


CFeb. 


shooter  who  first  placed  twelve  arrows 
nearest  to  the  central  mark,  was  pro* 
claimed  the  victor,  and  carried  home 
the  silver  arrow  with  a  procession  of 
boys  attending  him. 

The  last  silver  arrow  was  contended 
for  in  July  1771#  and  gained  by  the 
late  Lord  Spencer,  then  Lord  Althorpe, 
who  had  his  likeness  taken  at  the 
time  in  the  archer's  dress  in  which  he 
won  the  prize.  This  picture  was 
returned  to  his  Lordship  in  1817  by 
the  Rev.  Henry  Drury,  of  Harrow, 
who  then  succeeded  to  it,  with  other 
property  of  the  late  Dr.  Heath.  The 
arrow  prepared  for  the  ensuing  year, 
(the  last  ever  made  for  the  purpose) 
is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  above- 
named  Mr.  Drury. 

Few  other  particulars  of  the  arrow- 
shooting  remain  :  whoever  shot  within 
the  three  circles  which  surrounded  the 
central  spot,  was  saluted  with  a  con- 
cert of  French  horns;  and  the  enter- 
tainments of  the  day  were  concluded 
with  a  ball  in  the  school-room,  to 
which  all  the  neighbouring  fiunilies 
were  invited. 

The  abolition  of  the  arrow^shooting 
was  one  of  the  earliest  measures  of 
Dr.  Heath.  The  reasons  which  in- 
duced him  to  abandon  this  ancient 
custom  are  stated  to  have  been,  the 
frequent  exemptions  from  the  regular 
business  of  the  school,  which  those 
who  practised  as  future  competitors 
for  the  prize,  claimed  as  a  privilege 
not  to  be  infringed  upon  :  these  en- 
croachments had  at  length  become  so 
injurious  to  discipline,  as,  after  some 
vain  attempts  to  correct  the  evil,  to 
cause  the  total  abolition  of  the  usage. 
Added  to  this,  the  concourse  of  black- 
guards from  London  made  the  Butts  a 
public  nuisance;  and  Dr.  Heath  deter- 
mined, at  all  events,  to  curtail  the 
number  of  public  practisings  previous 
to  the  great  day.  The  boys,  in  a  huff, 
refused  to  shoot  unless  they  could  do 
so  as  formerly,  when  the  doctor  took 
advantage  of  this  feeling,  and  abolished 
the  thing  altogether. 

On  August  2nd,  1744,  an  Indian 
chief  went  to  Harrow  to  see  the  silver 
arrow  shot  for,  and  was  much  pleased 
with  the  diversion ;  but  signified, 
through  his  interpreter,  that  if  they 
would  give  him  leave  to  shoot,  he 
would  carry  off  the  prize.* 


I  now  subjoin  a  list  of  the  fortunate 
winners  of  the  Silver  Arrow,  with  the 
days  on  which  the  exhibition  took  . 
place,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to 
obtain  them ;  and  I  sincerely  regret 
that  neither  at  the  school,  nor  at  any 
other  place  that  I  can  discover,  has 
any  record  or  memoranda  been  kept 
of  this  singular  and  ancient  custom. 
What  few  are  here,  for  the  first  time 
collected  together,  have  been  found  in 
old  newspapers  and  magazines  of  those 
times,  at  considerable  research  and  no 
less  labour ;  but  if  your  numerous 
readers  will  assist  me  to  complete  the 
list,  I  shall  feel  myself  amply  repaid. 
The  day  was  always  on  Thursday, 
except  in  1751  and  1767,  when  it  was 
on  Friday,  and  I757>  when  it  was  on 
Saturday. 

1731,  Aug.  5,  Master  Brown.* 

1733,  Aug.  3,  Mr.  John  Knotsford. 

1734,  Aug.  1,  Mr.  Comford. 

1735,  Aug.  7,  Mr.  Gordon. 

1736,  Aug.  5,  Master  Samuel  Waters. 

1737,  Aug.  11,  Master  Cox.t 

1738,  Aug.  3,  Master  James  Lloyd. 
1741,  Aug.  6,  Master  Newton. 
1743,  Aug.  4,  Mr.  PoweU. 

1745,  Aug.  1,  Master  Dandy. 

1748,  Aug.  4,  Mr.  Brownjohn. 

1749,  Aug.  3,  Master  Thos.  Saunders. 
nflO,  Aug.  2,  Master  Atwood. 
IT'il,  .\ufj.  2,  Master  Stanley. 
1754,  Aug.  6,  Lord  Downe. 

175^,  Aug.  2,  Master 'Hmothy  Earle. 
1755   Aug.  7,  Master  Hntton.t 
1757   Aug.  6,  Master  Henry  Earle. 
1751^,  Aa\f,  3,  Master  Midiueton. 

1759,  Aug.  2,  Mr.  West. 

1760,  Aug.  7,  Master  Earle. 

1761,  July  2,  Earl  of  Barrymore. 

1762,  July  1,  Master  Towers 

1763,  July  7,  Mr.  GlanviUe. 

1764,  July  5,  Master  Mee. 

1765,  Jtdy  4,  Master  Davis. 

1766,  July  3,  Mr.  Allix. 

1767,  July  10,  Mr.  Smith. 

1768,  July  7,  Mr.  Forbes. 

1769,  July  6,  Master  Jones. 

1770,  July  5,  Master  Merry. 

1771,  July  4,  Lord  Althorpe. 

The  Butts  were  on  the  left  of  the 
London-road,  to  a  person  entering  the 
village  from  thence,  and  backed  by  a 
lofly   and   insulated    knoll,    crowned 


See  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xiv.  page 


•  Son  of  Captain  Brown,  of  Greenfbrd. 
t  Son  of  Mr.  Cox,  the  Head  Master  of 
the  School. 

I  Nephew  to  the  then  Archbishop  of 
York. 


It'wation  of  the  Yev)  in  England, 


•with  very  maje&tic  trees  ;  on  the  slope 
of  this  eminence  were  cut  rows  of 
grassy  seats,  gradually  descending.  The 
spot  was  some  years  since  denuded  of 
its  wood,  and  the  knoll  itself  has,  at 
length  entirely  disappeared  by  the  un. 
relenting  efforts  of  miners  for  brick 
earth,  presenting  to  those  who  knew  it 
in  its  pristine  beauty,  a  scene  of  almost 
sacrilegious  devastation.  F.  O, 


¥ 
I 


I 


Mb.  Urban,  B — //,  Jan.  6. 
HAVE  no  wish  to  break  the  re- 
pose of  our  Antiquaries,  by  reviving  a 
very  old  subject  of  controversy ;  viz., 
the  purpose  for  which  Ypw  Ireeti  were 
pUntrd  in  our  churchyaids  ;  having  no 
doubt  myself,  that  they  were  placed 
there  by  our  ancestors, — firstly,  fur  the 
M)temaity  of  their  appearance,  in  uni- 
son with  the  religious  character  of  the 
pUce ;  secondly,  for  the  purpose  of 
supplying*  evergreens  for  the  occa- 
sional decoration  of  churches.  Had 
the  cedar  of  Lebanon  been  known  in 
Eoglaod,  probably  it  would  have  been 
oflen  substituted  for  the  tfew :  and 
when  a  churchyard  isnou'  planted,  the 
Utter  tree,  for  the  greater  rapidity  of 
growth,  and  by  reason  of  its  fo- 
being  more  lofty,  and  less  in  tlie 
of  cattle,  would  be  preferable. 
7Va  purport,  however,  of  this  letter  is 
to  remark,  that  the  yew  tree  was  not 
plauttd  in  thurrhyardx  to  fta^isk  wood 
for  the  archTD,  I  never  believed  the 
truth  of  this  supposition,  on  account 
of  th*  slow  growth  of  the  tree,  and 
the  ioadequacy  of  it  to  furnish  from 
ita  branchea  sufficient  l>ows  for  the  use 
of  a  parish :  that  is,  of  that  part  of  a 
parisa  which  was  called  out  on  mili- 
tary duty.  The  truth  of  this  opinion 
is  now  conhrmcd  to  me,  by  a  passage 
in  theToxnphilus  of  Ascham,  inwhich 
he  asserts,  that  all  the  best  bows  of  our 
Emgtiah  Ardurr*  were  made  from  the 
TRUNK  awl  not  frwn  the  abms  ano 
LIMBS  of  the  tree.  Now,  as  many  of 
our  magnificent  and  gigantic  trees,  in 
the  churchyards  of  eastern  Kent  and 


•  Not«.  —  Ivy,  roMHiary,  t/eir,  were 
thrown  into  the  grave,  as  emblems  of 
th&t  wtiich  never  periihtth.  Sec  Darande 
Rit.  Lib.  7.  cap.  Ah,  de  nffie.  mort.  so 
Isaiah,  Ixiii.  14  :  "  ourbooes  shall  flourish 
Uke  ao  htrb." 


Hampshire,  are,  I  presume,  from  500 
to  1000  years  old,  it  is  clear  that  they 
were  never  used  for  sucha  purpose ;  and 
that  the  demand  forbowsatCressyand 
Potctiera  was  not  answered  by  them; 
but  there  arc  many  districts  in  Ilamp- 
eliire  and  Wiltshire,  in  which  tliere 
appear  to  have  been  wild  thickets  or 
woods  of  yews,  and  many  fine  trees  of 
the  kind  stand  singly  on  the  downs 
and  in  the  fields,  as  the  heech  trees  do 
in  Buckinghamshire.  I  am  not  ac- 
quainted much  with  Cheshire  or  Lan- 
cashire; hut  .islhey  were  celebrated  for 
tlieir  bowmen,  especially  at  the  battle 
of  Floddon,  perhaps  one  of  your  cor- 
respondents will  inform  mc  whether 
the  yew  is  common  in  those  counties 
now  ;  and  whether  its  growth  is  luxu- 
riant in  their  soil  and  climate.  Al- 
though the  yew  is  not  mce,  as  Evelyn 
would  say,  about  soil,  it  affects  the 
chalk  ;  nor  did  I  ever  sec  a  rery  large 
yew  which  was  not  on  a  chalky  or 
calcareous  soil.  The  passage  of  As- 
chara  is  as  follows  ; 

"  Every  bow  is  matlc  cither  of  a  bough, 
of  A  plant,  or  of  (lie  bule  of  the  tree. 
I.  The  bougb  commtinly  is  very  knotty, 
fLiU  i»f  pint,  weak,  of  small  pith  (strength), 
and  sniin  will  foltriw  tlie  string,  and  sel- 
Uotn  weareth  to  any  fia.ir  colour ;  yet  for 
cMldrfn  andtfounp  btginnert  it  may  serve 
wcE  enough-  -.  The  plntit  (in  a  young 
tree)  proveth  many  times  well.  If  it  be  of 
a  good  and  clean  growth,  '.i.  The  bole  of 
the  tree  is  clearest,  without  root  or  pin, 
liarin^  a  fast  and  hard  wood  by  reason  of 
his  fxdl  growth,  utrvng  and  mighty  t^ 
catt,  and  best  for  a  bow,  if  the  stares 
be  even  cloven,  and  afterwards  wrought, 
not  overthwart  the  wood,  but  a«  the 
Kroiii  nrid  straight  growing  of  the  wood 
leadeth  a  man,  or  else  by  all  reason  it 
must  soon  break,  and  that  in  many 
shivers.*' 

The  price  of  a  good  bow  in  Aa- 
cham*3  day  was  two  shillings:  and  it 
was  the  «ame  in  Northumberland  in 
1514,  whilst  atthesame  time  a  bow  of 
elm  cost  only  thrccpence.'f  1  be- 
lieve that  large  quantities  of  yewa 
were  imported  for  bows,  but  from 
what  countries  1  do  not  know. 


Youra,  &c. 


J.  M. 


t  Raine's  History  of  North  Darham 
p.  292. 


i 


CHlilUii  OF  ST.  ElJMLND  ON  TlUi  BIUlKiE.  EXETER. 


Mr.  U  It  WAN,  Nov.  4. 

Tins  anciLMit  and  in  many  respects 
curious  Church  having  been  recently 
taken  down,  I  inclnse  a  drawing  of 
the  building,  and  a  few  observations, 
with  a  view  of  preserving  some  slight 
reiuinibccnct-a  of  a  structure,  which 
however  bumble  hi  first  appearance 
might  be,  will  be  found,  in  common 
with  nearly  all  our  ancient  parish 
charcfaet,  to  possess  a  considerable 
degree  of  antiquarian  interest. 

The  foundation  is  connected  with 
the  history  of  Exc  Bridge,  which,  ac- 
cording to  Izacke,*  wai  founded  by 
Walter  Gervis,  a  weatlhy  citizen,  jn 
the  year  125t).  The  Rev.  O.  Oliver, 
of  Si.  Nicholtti's  (Catholic)  (..hapel  at 
Exeter,  who  has  invfstigated  with 
deep  resforch  the  history  of  his  city, 
leads  us  to  the  correct  date  of  this 
structure,  llie  founder  of  the  bridge 
erected  a  chapel  on  the  arches  at  the 
cast  end  thereof,  which,  adds  Mr. 
Oliver.t  "  tlicrc  is  abundant  reason 
to  suppose  is  no  other  than  the  pre- 
sent parish  church  of  St.  Kdmund." 


•  Mi-morials  of  the  Citjr  nf  Kxeter, 
xmu  f.  I.I. 
t  HUlor]^  of  Kxctcr,  Dro,  X^H,  p.  J9. 


The  Church  would  oppear  to  |Ki&ses3  an 
earlier  dale,  from  the  circumstance  of 
Isackchavingerroneoaslyioscrtediiithe 
list  of  Churches  which  appear  to  have 
existed  in  tlie  city  in  the  lime  of  Bp. 
Simon  de  Apulia.J  the  Church  of  St. 
Edmund.  This  list  is  acquired  from 
the  circumstance  of  the  above-named 
prelate  having  deemed  it  necessary  to 
arrange  and  regulate  the  boundaries 
of  the  several  parishes  within  the  city ; 
and  this  regulation  having  been  con- 
cluded in  1222.  it  would  make  St.  Ed- 
round's  Church  (if  the  present  building 
was  referred  to)  older  than  the  bridge  on 
which  it  stan<l8,  and  at  the  same  time 
deprive  the  worthy  citizen  (iervis  of 
the  'diadem,'  which  his  labours  so 
'truly  deserved.*  Mr.  Oliver  proves 
the  fnllacr  of  Isackc's  enumeration  by  a 
list  derived  from  the  Taxation  of  Pope 
Nicholas  IV.  and  the  Register  of  the 
See,  in  which  the  name  of  this  Church 
is  not  included,  thus  exjxjsing  the  error 
into  which  Izacke  ho-s  led  his  readers, 
by  inducing  them  to  believe  that  the 
Church  existed  in  the  time  of  Bishop 
Simon. 

It  in  singular  to  observe  the  pronc- 

t  McoiuiiaLi,  p.  6. 


IfSSS.]  Church  of  St.  Edmund  on  the  Bridge,  Exeter. 


nessorantiquarian  writersto  shut  their 
eye»  to  the  intrinsic  evidence  which 
ancient  buildings  afford  ;  allhuugh 
Isacice  records  the  foundation  of  the 
bridge  by  Gervis  ;  and  adds,  that  a 
Chapel  tledicated  to  St.  Edmund  was 
built  upon  it  by  the  founder,  and  in 
which  chapel  he  states  hira  to  have 
(wM  ti  .irtnally  interred  ;  and  although 
fiirehimthe  identical  bridge, 

k  impel  still  existing,  and  dedt. 
catetl  to  the  same  saint,  vie  find  him, 
bat  a  few  pages  before,  giving  to  the 
•trnctnre  a  prior  existence  of  thirty 
yean.  Of  the  age  of  the  bridge  there 
was  no  ijuestion  ;  and  that  the  chapel 
did  eTiHt  a  few  years  after  the  erection 
idgc,  is  dcraon9trnte<l  by  the 

:  extract  from  Bibhop  Broncs- 
coobe  s  Keglster,  fol.  33  :  || 

"  Jittno  octavo  consecrationis  (18(>5), 

in  cnutinn  SVi  Barthokiraei,  D'nus  Eji'us 

k\  prrM'ntjttjoDcin  Maioris  et  Civiuin  Ci- 

"\<'txifn«.    S'ci   Edmonfli    taper 

N>>n.  reronun  Patronorum,  Vi- 

iiauuiii  <..a|iellanuni  admijiiU" 

The  original  chapel,  after  its  erec- 
tion, became  parochial ;  but,  althoitgh 
the  benefice  is  at  present  styled  a 
Rector)*,  it  is  destitute  of  the  neces- 
sary adjunct  of  tithes.  The  value  is 
■taUd  in  the  Parliamentary  Return  at 
138/.  which  is  its  maximum,  the  in- 
I  being  one  of  the  numerous 

'if  ill-paid  clergy  in  the  Es- 
tnHi-^jKii  Church.  In  Veysey's  Re- 
gister, fol.  88,  vol.  II.  it  is  described 
tfans  :  "  Cantaria  super  pootem  civi- 
tatU  Exon.  Dccima  vji."  ||  And  at 
the  period  of  the  Reformation,  it 
CTtntiuued  to  be  a  chantry ;  the 
lamt  incumbent,  Nicholas  Dixon,,  re- 
ceived 5/.  per  annuto.  The  period 
at  which  the  Chapel  rose  into  the 
dicnitf  of  a  Church,  was  in  all  pro- 
Uaotiity  the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  Even 
I  this  amaJl  establishment  had  afford- 
•d  Mtne  plunder  to  the  greedy  de- 
marers  of  church  property,  and  the 
■audi  stipend  of  the  nominal  rector 
was  all  that  could  be  afforded  out  of 
the  rrmains  of  its  former  endowment. 

Thcr*  were  few  ancient  bridges  of 
owfnitude  without  the  accompani- 
tnent  of  a  cha}>cl.  The  value  of  a  safe 
and  secure  mode  t>f  transit  was  felt 
with  gratitude  by  our  forefathers;  and 

II  OUvcr,  .19. 


149 


as  ^hese  structures  were  generally 
raised  by  the  benevolence  of  indivi- 
duals, the  Chapel  invited  the  passen- 
ger to  pause  and  repeat  his  prayer  for 
the  repose  in  the  next  world,  of  an  in- 
dividual who  had  conferred  so  great  a 
benefit  on  the  present.  In  our  own  day 
such  structures  are  too  often  melan- 
choly evidencca  of  jobbing  ;  one  gene- 
ration aufficea  to  witness  their  foun- 
dation, completion,  and  decay. 

The  Chapels  were  situated  either  at 
a  right  angle  with  the  bridge,  as  at 
London,  VValefield,  Hothcraio,  &c. 
or  parallel  tu  it,  as  in  the  present  in- 
stance, and  St.  William's  Chafwl, 
York,  and  sometimes  on  the  bank  at 
the  foot,  as  at  Rochester,  The  posi- 
tion was  determined  by  the  course  of 
the  river,  the  Chapel  being  erected  in 
a  direction  east  and  west,  towards 
whatever  point  of  the  compass  the 
river  might  flow. 

Sucli  of  your  readers  who  may  wish 
for  further  information  on  this  head, 
may  consult  Mr.Nurrisson  Scatcherd's 
"  Dissertation  on  Ancient  Bridges  and 
Bridge  Chapels." 

The  sketch  from  which  the  present 
wood-cut  was  made,  was  taken  from 
an  opposite  M'indow.  on  Ist  Aug. 
1830,  at  which  time  the  demolition  of 
the  Church  was  talked  about.  A  crack 
was  visible  in  the  nortli  wall ;  but 
probably  the  fondness  for  improve- 
ment which  has  led  to  the  rebuilding 
of  several  of  the  churches  in  the  city, 
was  the  actual  cause  of  its  demoli- 
tion. The  protecting  Genius  of  the 
Church  would  exclaim  '  rejiair,'  but 
'  not  dettroif ;'  but  this  small  still  voice 
would  be  drowned  in  the  ycUs  of  the 
Demon  of  Improvement.* 

The  exterior,  as  far  as  could  be  seen, 
was  built  of  the  red  sandstone  so  com- 
mon in  the  buildings  of  Exeter,  llic 
muUinns  and  arches  of  the  windows 
and  doors,  were  executed  in  freestone, 
forming  a  pleasing  variety.  The  door- 
cases and  the  two  windows  in  the 
Church,  with  the  lower  one  in  the 
tower,  arc  of  the  latter  part  of  the 
fifteenth  century.     The   square   win- 

•  Holy  Trinity  Chorch,  Exeter,  was 
rclHult  in  1H1J|-2<I.  The  old  Church 
possessed  at  lea-st  one  feature  worthy  of 
Attt'iitiun.  ^^ee  Buckler's  Klthain,  \u  74. 
The  prestol  is  truly  slyli'd  by  Mr.  Oliver 
"  am  inelegant  stiucture." 


I 


^50 


procession  of  St.  John  at  BevnUy. 


[Feb. 


dowB  and  door  towards  the  east,  are 
not  earlier  than  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
and  were  probably  constructed  when 
the  Church  became  parochial.  This 
portion  of  the  structure  may  have 
been  the  residence  of  the  chantry 
priest  at  a  prior  period.  The  upper 
part  of  the  tower,  with  its  ugly  leaded 
spire,  is  a  roanifest  addition  of  more 
modern  times. 

TTie  interior  consisted  of  a  nave 
and  side-aile,  divided  by  arches,  either 
circular  or  very  obscurely  pointed,  the 
columns  octagonal,  w^itli  moulded 
caps.  TTie  galleries,  which  occupied 
the  west  end  and  north  side,  were  or- 
namented on  the  front  with  round 
arches,  within  which  were  painted  the 
royal  arms,  and  those  of  the  sec  and 
city  of  Exeter,  and  the  twelve  apostles. 
The  style  of  decoration  bespoke  the 
age  of  the  galleries  to  be  of  the  period 
of  James  the  First.  In  the  western 
gallery  was  the  or^aa  ;  which,  like 
that  of  the  Cathedral,  had  6ome  of  \lA 
pipea  disposed  on  the  walla  at  the 
aides. 

The  Church  contained  no  monti- 
mentfi  ;  and  the  modern  font,  which 
resembled  an  apothecary's  moitar, 
v^'hen  not  us«d,  was  drawn  up  by  pul- 
lies  to  the  brestsummer  of  the  west 
g:allery.  In  the  windows  of  the  Church 
were  many  relics  of  stained  glass,  of 
which  1  regret  J  had  only  time  to  take 
a  note. 

In  the  windows  of  the  south  front 
(shown  in  the  cut)  were  the  emblems 
of  the  Eucharist  (the  chalice  and  wa- 
fer), and  of  the  Passion  (cross  and 
crown  of  thorns),  and  the  following 
fsrms:  Argent,  on  a  chevron  Gules 
between  three  leopards'  faces  Azure, 
a  lozenge  Or,  Copleston ;  probably 
John  Copleston,  esf).  Sheriff  of  Exeter, 
7th.  8th,  and  9th  of  Charles  11.  2. 
Argent,  a  chevron  Gules  between 
three  lozenges  Azure.  North  side, 
1.  England  held  by  an  angel.  2.  Or, 
three  Torteauxca,  Courtcnay.  3.  Em- 
blems of  the  Passion,  viz.  the  cross, 
ladder,  and  spear.  4.  On  a  lozenge 
three  roundleta  (colours  gone),  pro- 
bably Courtenay.  In  the  clerestorj-, 
J.  the  city  of  Exeter,  2.  Ermine, 
three  6ower3  Gules;  impaling.  Argent, 
a  saltire  couped  Azmtc  between  four 
pears  Or.  3.  On  a  roundel,  the  ba- 
ron, as  No.  2 ;  femme.  Ermine,  t^•o 
ban  Gules. 


1  regret  that  I  had  not  time  to  make 
drawings  of  these  relics ;  but  it  is  to 
be    hoped  that  the  originals   will  be 
safely  preserved  in  the  new  Church. 
Yours,  &c.  E.  I.  C. 


Mb.  Uebas, 


Jan.  10. 


I         Danim 


THE  celebrated  Yorkshire  Baint. 
John  of  Beverley,  died  in  721,  three 
years  after  his  resignation  of  the  me- 
tropolitan see  of  York.  In  1007  his 
bones  were  translated  by  Archbishop 
Alfric,  who  at  the  same  time  obtained 
permission  from  King  Edward  the 
Confessor,  that  there  should  be  three 
annual  feasts  (with  fairs)  at  Beverley, 
at  which  three  of  the  neighbouring 
nobles,  fasting  and  barefoot,  should 
follow  the  relics  of  the  Saint,  in  pro. 
cession,  in  and  out  of  the  town,* 

The  object  of  the  following  re- 
marks will  be,  in  the  first  place,  to 
show  that  the  right  of  taking  a  share 
in  these  processions  was  considered  a 
great  and  honourable  privilege;  and 
in  the  next  place,  lo  throw  some  light 
on  the  nature  and  origin  of  snch  pri- 
vileges, and  such  claims  of  laymen  to 
participate  in  monastic  proceiisions. 

Il  would  appear  that  the  office  of 
bearer  was  considered  an  honourable 
one,  were  it  only  from  the  circum- 
stance of  the  eight  bearers  being,  in 
the  fifth  year  of  the  leign  of  Henry  the 
Seventh,  the  heads  of  the  following 
families,  viz.:  "  Tyrwhyt,  Hotham, 
Ledes,  Tempest,  Wyvil.  Anlaby.  and 
Methara,"  all  of  wiiich  were  at  that 
time  of  great  consequence  in  the 
neighbourhood  ;  but  1  am  further  pre- 
pared to  show  that  these  honours  were 
sometimes  even  vehemently  contested. 

In  theyearabove-mentioned,  namely 
1489,  in  the  fifth  year  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  the  Seventh,  Sir  Thomas  Me- 
tham,  of  Methara,  county  of  York, 
Knt.  was  bound  to  Sir  William  Tyr- 
whitt.  of  Kctclby.  county  of  Lincoln, 
Knight  Banneret,  in  a  penalty  of  100/. 
to  abide   by  the  decision  of  William 

*  "  Hie  cdarn  Alfricas  ab  Eldwutio 
rege  unpetravit,  nt  3.  feriK  uinuie 
BeverUc  :  Hie  ctiam  couiietudioem  feee>  ' 
runt,  nt  vicini  nobiliores  ter  in  anno 
jejuni  et  discalristi  reliqajiu!  S,  Joannl.s 
intm  et  extra  Tillun  sequcrcntur."  VUa 
S.  Jo4tnnu  Archifp.  Ehor.  in  Lelsnd's 
Collectanea,  vol.  iii.  p.  1,J7. 


Proce»»ion  of  St.  John  at  Beverley. 


151 


Poteman  (Clerk,  Lord  Provost  of  the 
Collegiate  Church  of  St.  John  of  Be- 
verley), and  Sir  Marmaduke  Conatabli?, 
of  Flaraborouph,  Knight  (sod  and  heir 
of  Sir  Robert  Constable,  and  brother- 
in-law  to  both  the  contesting  parties, 
who  bad  married  two  of  his  sisters) 
2a  to  ail  their  respective  claimt*  and 
rights  of  precedence  in  this  ceremony. 
The  bond  runs  thus  : — 

Addti:  MSS:  Brit:  Mu*:  6618.  Vol. 
TnubQt  qf  the  CoUectiont  qf  Colotiel 
C.  MoUit. 

NoTerint,  5tc.  me  Thomam  Methom 
de  Met  ham  io  com'  Ebor  Mditem  leaer^ 
iu;.  WlU'o  Tyrcwhitt  de  Ketilby  in 
com'  Line;  MiUti  in  centum  libria.  Sec, 
Dat.  veptimo  die  raeiLsis  J unij  A^.  Reg: 
R,  H''.  T.  poet,  conq'tma  AngUe  5". 

Conditio  intius  obligac'o'is  talis  est 
q'd  Bi  sup*  obligntus  Thomas  Mctham  ste- 
Iprii  et  obedient  arbitrio  ortlinac'o'i  ct 
jndicin  Tpaerabilium  virorura  WjU'i  Pote- 
maa  C'l'ici  pnepositi  Ecct'ie  Collegiat. 
»*c*i  Job'is  Beverlac,  ct  Marmaduci  Con- 
staUr  milit' arbitrator'  inJiircrcut.  elect 'iii 
•d  arbttrand'  ordinond'  &  judicand^  inter 


p'd'c'uui  Thomam  ex  p'tfi  una  &  cupra- 
no'i'at'  W'ill'um  ex  p'teali'a  de  !c  super 
rjuibuBcuaq'  variandjg  discordija  Ac  de- 
mand' inter  p'tes  p'd'c'as  oerta«  solemni- 
tates  &  p'emineQticis  tcDi|K)re  ductioniii 
&  trnn:iitus  feretri  nuacupat'  feretrum 
d'c'i  s'cM  Joh'js  ID  Bcverloco  concerncnt' 
St  ea'dem  ardinat'  arbltriutn  &  jadiciiim 
d'c'onim  arbitrntonini ,  dictus  Thomas  ex 
p'te  sua  bene  et  lidcrliter  p'iniplev'it  It* 
q'd  eadeni  ordinatiu,  arliitriuni  St  judi- 
cium d'c'oram  arbitroruni  de  &  stup' 
p'niissis  fiant  et  reddantur  citra  fest'm 
P««che  proxim'  futur*  post  dat'  sup'script. 
quod  tunc  hujus  obligatio  pro  nullo  habea- 
tur:  alioquin  in  suo  robore  p'inaoeat. 
Sealed  urith  a  crt$t,  a  bulft  head  on  a 
wreath. 

The  order  of  the  bearers  of  the 
coffin  on  this  occasion  may  he  ob- 
tained froni  the  fuJlowing  doggrel  lines 
written  on  the  occasion,  by  which  it 
also  appears,  tliat  the  first  place  on  the 
rt()kt -\\anA  side  of  the  coffin  was 
awarded  to  Sir  William  Tyrwhitt, 
though  upon  what  grounds  I  am  unable 
to  learn.     The  lines  arc  as  follows  : — 


Lmud,  MSB.  807  A.  Vol,  D'Arcey  qfthe  Colleetiong  qf  that  eminent  aniiquary, 
Gervaa  Hollin,  Esq.  1638. 

£n  gerit  illustrio  sanctum  rointtira  Johanaem 
Tyrwhyt,  Hotham,  Newarke,  Leede«  dextralia  portant ; 
Hij  reliquumctue  ferunt,  Tempest,  Wyvil,  Anlaby,  Metbam. 
Eece  Marescali'us  miruin !  pro  culmine  olarus 
Ipse  Senescalilub  geruluri  veuit  ordiue  sextos. 
Hinr  gencrosa  cohurs  fidix  silii  quisque  putetur, 
Sorte  sua  gaudeus,  contenttis  bonorc  lieatol 
Hos,  Pater  alme,  tuos  Bencdic'  tucaria  honores. 


Tlere  Mems  ground  for  believing 
thiU  these  privileges  were  incidental  to 
the  tenure  of  certain  church  lands, 
aod  devolved  to  the  successive  holders 
of  them.  I  find  that  Sir  William  Tyr- 
frhitt,  of  Ketelby,  one  of  the  Koighta 
for  the  body  to  King  Henry  the  Fifth 

d  Henry  the  Sixth,  (son  and  heir 
8ir  Robert  Tyrwhitt,  one  of  the 
.jdge>»  of  the  King's  Bench  in  the 
reignn  of  Henry  the  Fourth  and  Henry 
the  Fifth,  and  part  of  Henry  the 
Sixth),  and  who  was  great- grand f.ither 
to  the  Sir  William  Tyrwhitt  ahove- 
inentioued,  had  the  right  of  bearing 
tlw  U/t  &ide  of  the  coffin. 

urWi  MSS.  Bodl:  Lib:  Ouun, 

Vol.  lOti,  XXI.  foU  55. 

Bbor'  fine*,  H.  6.  A'.'iX, 

Uter  Will'in  Tyrwhit  mil.  Will'm  Kelke 

■ndora*  Thomam   Tirwbit'    et   Will'm 


West  quer.  etThoma*  Kelke  de  Beu'laco 
et  Eliz.  ux'  eius  deforc'  dc  uno  mess' 
sept"  acr'  terre  et  sex  acr'  prati  cu*  p'tin' 
in  Rcu'laca  et  de  porta'o'e  sinistre  partis 
feretri  s'c'i  JohMs  Bev'lacl.  Recogn'  esse 
Ju3  WilU'  Tirwhit,  &c.  Et  remiftcmnt, 
»Vi\  p'd'c'b  WiU'o  et  al'  et  heredib'  ip'i' 
WQl'i  Tirwhit  imp'p'm. 

This  document  seems  to  indicate 
that  the  office  or  privilege  in  question, 
was  incidental  to  the  tenure  of  thoae 
lands,  &c.  which  are  there  mentioned. 
How  long  it  had  continued  in  the 
Tyrwhitt  family  1  am  unable  to  ascer- 
tain. A  younger  branch  of  this  family 
had  been  settled  at  Beverley  since  the 
year  1300.  andhadbecomeextinctabout 
the  year  1430.  It  is  probable,  there- 
fore, that  Sir  William  Tyrwhitt  de- 
rived this  office,  together  with  other  of 
their  possessions,  from  this  branch,  or 


i 


I 


152 


Notices  of  Sir  Mamaduke  Constable. 


from  his  mother  Alicia,  daughter  of 
Sir  Roger  Kelke.  of  Kclke,  county  of 
York,  whose  family,  likewise,  had  a 
branch  settled  in  Beverley. 

From  what  1  have  stated,  I  think  it 
may  be  fairly  inferred  that  the  office 
of  bearer  of  the  body  of  St.  John  of 
Beverley,  was  held  by  a  tenure  analo^ 
gous  to  petit  sertff'anttf,  and  was  not 
coQsidertid  a  burdei),  but  claimed  as 
an  honourable  service,  if  any  of  your 
correspondents  can  throw  any  further 
light  on  this  subject,  they  will  much 
oblige  your  present  correspondent. 

This  communication  shall  now  he 
closed  with  a  brief  sketch  of  Sir  Mar- 
maduke  Constable  and  Sir  William 
Tyrwhitt. 

Sir  Marmaxluke,  surnamed  "  the  tit- 
tle," was  a  distinguished  member  of 
the  famous  family  of  Constable. 
Tills  family,  deriving  its  name  from 
the  office  of  Constable  of  Cheater, 
long  held  by  their  ancestors,  yields  to 
few^  (f  any  in  England,  eitlier  in  an- 
tiquity or  descent,  splendor  of  alli- 
ances, or  the  personal  distinction  of 
its  members.  1  shall  not  at  present 
trace  it  further  back  than  Robert  de 
Lacy,  alias  Le  Cooestable  (who  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  the  Lordship  of 
Fl&mborough  from  his  elder  brother 
Roger  de  Lacy,  Baron  of  Haulton  and 
Fontefract,  l^ord  of  Blackburnshire, 
and  Constable  of  Chester,  father  of 
John  de  Lacy,  Earl  of  Lincoln.)  This 
Robert  de  Lacy,  alias  Le  Concstable, 
died  A.D.  1216,  in  the  18th  year  of 
the  reign  of  King  John.  Hia  son. 
Sir  William  le  Constable,  living  12&0, 
was  father  of  Sir  Robert  le  Cooestable  of 
Flamburgh,  Knt.  who  with  300  others, 
(among  whom  was  the  unfortunate 
Edward  of  CaernBrvon  afterwards  Ed- 
ward IL)  received  the  honnurof  knight- 
hood at  the  grand  festival  of  Whitsun- 
tide, 34  Ed.  L  He  was  engaged  with 
Thomas  Earl  of  Lancaster,  and  the 
baroDS,  in  the  matter  of  Piers  Gavaston, 
for  which  act  of  rebellion,  however, 
he,  with  his  brothers  Simun  and  Tho- 
mas le  Concstable,  obtained  a  pardon 
iCth  October.  1313,  7  Ed.  IL  In  the 
year  1315,  he  was  commaodcd  to  as- 
flist  in  defending  the  counties  beyond 
Trent  froro  the  Scots.  By  w^rit  dated 
I6tb  December,  I3lti.  bewa«einpow- 
5 


ered  to  arm  all  his  tenants  beyond 
Trent.  In  the  year  1321 ,  having  pre- 
viously complied  with  an  order  dated 
l"2lh  November,  1321,  forbidding  him 
to  attend  the  meeting  of  "  Good  Piera" 
illegally  convened  by  the  Earl  of  Lan- 
caster at  Doncaster,  he  was  com- 
manded to  raise  and  arm  as  many 
men  at  arms  and  foot  soldiers  as  he 
could,  and  to  appear  with  his  forces 
at  the  muster  at  Coventry,  28th  Fe- 
bruary,  1322.  to  march  against  the 
rebels  under  the  Earl  of  Lancaster. 
He  was  a  considerable  benefactor  ot 
several  ecclesiastical  foundations;  and 
I  find  him  at  different  times  tilling  the 
offices  of  Conscrv'ator  of  the  Peace, 
Commissioner  of  Array,  and  Knight 
of  the  Shire  of  York.  His  son.  Sir 
Marmaduke,  Sheriff  of  that  county 
in  4U  Edw.  II L  was  succeeded  by  his 
son  Sir  William  Constable  of  Flam- 
borough,  Knt.,  who  married  a  daughter 
of  the  Lord  Filzhuph.  His  son.  Sir 
Robert  Constable  of  Flamhorough,  was 
Sherift'  for  the  county  of  York  in  the 
eighth,  ninth,  and  eighteenth  of  Rich- 
ard IL  Sir  Robert  Constable  of  Flam- 
brough,  grandson  of  Sir  Robert, 
was  knighted  IG  Hco.  VI.,  and  siding 
with  the  House  of  York,  for  his  ser- 
vices obtained,  2  Ed.  IV.  part  of  the 
lands  forfeited  to  the  Crown  by  the 
attainder  of  Thomas  Lord  Roos  of 
Hamlake.  He  was  sheriff  of  the  county 
of  York  16  Hen,  VI. and  2  and  3  Edw. 
IV.  Sir  Robert  roarried  Agnes,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Gnscoigne  of  Gaw- 
thorpe,  in  Yorkshire,  Esq.,  and  sister 
to  the  celebrated  Chief  Justice  Gas- 
coigne  -,  by  whom  he  had,  among  other 
issue,  Sir  Robert  Constable,  his  heir, 
who  died  A.  D.  1488,  leaving  issue, 
by  his  wife  Agnes,  daughter  of  Sir 
Roger Wentworth,  of  Nettlested,  in  the 
county  of  Suffolk,  Knt.,  five  sons  ;  of 
whom  Sir  Marmaduke  "  the  Little" 
was  the  eldest  and  heir ;  and  six  daugh- 
ters,  of  whom  Anne  married  Sir  Wil- 
liam Tyrwhitt,  of  Ketelby.  Knt.  Ban- 
neret, and  Elizabeth,  who  married 
Sir  Thomas  Metham,  of  Methara,  as 
before  mentioned. 

Sir  Marnmduke's  services  are  briefly 
ciiumerated  in  the  subjoined  epitaph 
on  his  tomb  in  the  church  at  Flam- 
boiough : — 


I 


1835.]  Notices  of  Sir  Manaaduke  Constable. 

DoJnPortli'9  MSS.  VoL  ItiO. 

fot.  915.  D.  H. 

"  Flambrugh  Church,  13  Noptmber,  1620." 

A  Tomlte  ufh  the  Picture  nf  Deth  tkerom. 

Here  lyetb  Marmaduk  Coiutable  of  Ftambiirght, 

Who  made  odacnte  into  France  &  for  the  right  of  the  aaoic 

Passed  over  w"iKing  Edward  the  fourtbtthnt  nnblc  knjgbt 

And  also  w'^  noble  King  Herry  the  seaucneth  of  that  name 

lie  was  also  att  Banrik  at  the  wyng*  of  the  some. 

And  by  Kynt^  Edward  chosyn  captyn  thcr  first  of  any  one. 

And  rewllid  &  goaemid  ther  all  his  tyme  w^^out  bUme, 

Bott  for  all  that  as  ye  se  he  lyeth  vnder  this  stone. 

Aft  Brankstonf  field  wber  th<?  King  of  Scottys  was  slayne 
He  then  beyng  of  the  age  of  threescore  and  one 
With  the  pode  duke  of  Northfolke  that  iomey  he  hav*  tayn  J 
And  for  agely  advancyd  himself  emong  other  ther  y  then 
The  Kyng  bein^  in  Pranoe  with  grete  nuimbre  of  yngtishzuen 
He  uothiug  hedyng  his  age  ther  but  jeop'de  him  as  on  § 
W">  his  sonnea  brothe*  acmannts  &  kynsmen 
But  now  aa  ye  se  he  lyeth  vnder  this  stone. 

But  now  all  thes  tryiimiihes  arc  passid  &  set  on  aida 
Por  all  wordly  l|  ioyea  they  will  not  long  endure 
They  arc  soune  pasayd  He  away  doth  glyde 
And  who  that  puttith  his  trust  in  them  I  call  him  most  ranre 
For  when  Dethe  striketh  he  Bf>aretb  no  creature 
lior  geuith  no  waring  ^  but  tAketh  them  by  one  &  one 
id  oow  be  abideth  Godys  merry  >St  hath  nae  other  sacure 
as  ye  se  hira  here  he  lyeth  mder  this  stone. 

I  pniy  now  my  kynsmen  loners  &  Frendea  all 

To  pray  to  owt  Lord  Jhcsu  to  hane  mercy  on  my  Sawll. 


153 


* 


In  the  foregoing  inscription,  allu- 
eIoq  is  mode  to  his  services  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Brankston  or  Flodden.  On  that 
ion  he  commanded  the  lefHwiug, 
honourable  mention  is  made  in 
the  old  chronicles  of  "  Old  Sir  Mar- 
Bukdnke  Constable,  with  his  kinsmen 
md  aliiea."  King  Henry  the  Eighth 
Iras  BO  sensible  of  his  good  ser\'tcea  un 
this  occasion  that  he  wrote  to  him  as 
/bllows.  in  his  own  bund. 

Tr»  our  TVtislife  and  welhelovid  Knight 
/or  our  body,  Sir  Alattnadukf,  the 
tUer. 

Hemrv. 

I  By  the  King. 

Tnwtye  and  WelWloved,  wee  greete 
yen  well ;  and  nnd'stand  as  well  by  the 
mpport  of  o'  right  trustye  cousyn  and 
couailor  the  Due.  of  NorfT:  as  other- 
wajet,  what  occeptahle  service  yee  araongs 
cuer  lotly  did  unto  us  by  yo'  vnliaunt 
towardacw  io  thauistiDg  of  our  said  con* 
tju  $pia§t  owr  great  enemye  the  late 


King  of  Scotts,  and  how  nonrageonslye 
yee  as  a  vcray  herty  loving  knight  acquit- 
ted yourself  for  y*  ouerthrowe  of  y  said 
king  and  distmstinge  of  his  maUce  & 
powair,  to  our  great  honor  and  thavance- 
ment  of  yo'  no  little  fame  &  praise,  for 
the  w**  wee  haoe  good  caust>  tti  favor  and 
thank  yon — and  soe  wee  fall  hertily  doe — 
and  assured  yee  may  be  that  wee  shall  in 
such  elTcctuall  wise  remember  yo'  said 
service  in  any  yo'  reasonable  p'pects  as 
yee  shall  cause  to  thinke  the  same  right 
well  to  yo'  comfort  and  weale  hereafter 
and  sp'ially  because  yee  ( notwithstanding 
our  licence  to  you  granted  by  reason  of 
yo'  great  age  and  impotency  to  take  yo' 
caae  &  liherty)  did  thus  kindly  and  dyli- 
gently  to  yo'  peyne  serve  us  at  this  tyme 
w'*>  long  thankeu  and  remembrance  ac- 
corrlingly.  Yeven  under  our  signet  at  our 
Castelc  of  Wyndcahore  the  xxvj  day  of 
Nouembre  ir>l4. 

Sir  Marmnduke's  will  ia  dated  1st 
May,  1518,  by  which  he  leaves  among 
other  bequests  "  to  my  broder  Sil 
William  Tirwhitt,  my  beat  gylt  gob>^ 


154 


Notices  of  the  Tynohitt  Family. 


[FeK 


let  w^''  the  cover,  It'm  to  my  daugh* 
Percy  one  basyn  and  eure  of  sylver, 
It'm  to  my  Broder  Sir  William  Con- 
stable my  best  sylver  goblet  w"*  the 
cover,  It'm  I  make  my  Executors  my 
broder  Doctor  Constable  dean  of  Lin- 
coln, my  broder  Sir  Will'm  Tirwhitt." 
He  left  the  administration  of  his  goods 
to  his  sons  Sir  Marmaduke  Constable 
of  Everingham,  Knt.  (his  second  son, 
and  ancestorof  the  Constables  of  Ever- 
ingham,) Sir  William  Constable  of 
Haylfield,  Knt.,  and  John  Constable, 
Esq.  of  Knowlton.  He  was  succeeded 
at  FlamboroQgh  by  his  eldest  son  Sir 
Robert.  His  will  was  proved  at  York, 
27th  April,  1520. 

Robert  Tyrwhitt  living  temp.  Ed.  I. 
and  descended  from  the  Tyrwhitts  of 
the  North,  where  this  family  had 
been  tsettled  since  A.  D.  1067.  2nd 
William  Conqueror,  was  father  of  Sir 
William  Tyrwhitt  of  Ketelby,  Knt., 
who  married  ....  daughter  and  heir 
of  John  Groval  of  Harpswell,  co.  of 
Lincoln,  Esq.  I  am  inclined  to  iden- 
tify this  Sir  William  with  that  Sir 
William  de  Tirwhytt  who,  with  five 
other  knights,  of  whom  three  were 
French  or  Normans,  and  the  others 
English,  viz. :  HughdeMaillebranches, 
Herbert  de  Montresor,  Philip  de  Ma- 
lorie,  Brian  de  Kesterne,  and  Alan  de 
Tyrwhytt,  were  knights  challengers  in 
a  solemn  tournament  held  at  Genoa  on 
the  morrow  of  St.  Martin,  1377,  upon 
their  return  from  a  pilgrimage  to  the 
Holy  Sepulchre.  The  prize  is  said  to 
have  been  awarded  to  the  Knights 
Challengers,  bat  it  is  hinted  that 
either  some  unhallowed  means  had 
been  resorted  to,  to  ensure  success,  or 
that  some  religious  ceremony  had 
been  omitted  by  the  Pilgrim  Chal- 
lengers ;  for  Sir  Hugh  de  Maille- 
branches  and  Brian  de  Kesterne  died 
in  the  lists,  and  Sir  William  de  Tyr- 
whytt and  Philip  de  Malorie  died  sud- 
denly two  days  after,  either  by  the 
judgment  of  heaven,  or — neceaaary  aU 
temative — by  witchcraft ! 

Of  course  every  part  of  this  monkish 
legend  is  to  be  received  with  great 
caution,  and  the  more  so,  as  an  earlier 
date  by  twenty  years  is  sometimes 
assigned  to  it,  and  the  scene  laid  at 
Venice.  However  this  may  be.  Sir 
Robert  Tyrwhitt,  of  Ketelby,  Knt.  son 
of  Sir  William,  was  an  eminent  law- 
yer during  the  latter  part  of  the  reiga 


of  Ric.  II.  and  was  made  King's  Ser- 
jeant 1  Hen.  IV.  1399-  In  A.  D.  1504, 
5  Hen.  IV.  he  was  a  Justice  of  As- 
size, and  10  Hen.  IV.  a  Justice  of  the 
King's  Bench,  which  office  he  re- 
tained until  his  death,  7  Hen.  IV. 
1429-  He  was  summoned  to  Parlia- 
ment from  the  9  Hen  IV.  until  7  Hen. 
VI.  as  a  Trier  of  Petitions.  However 
well  he  may  have  administered  the 
laws,  there  is  ample  proof  in  the  cu- 
rious proceeding  recorded  in  the  Rolls 
of  Parliament,  13  Hen.  IV.  that  in  his 
own  person  he  preferred  the  arm  of 
flesh  to  the  strong  but  less  expedi- 
tious arm  of  the  law.  On  the  occa- 
sion in  question,  he  backed  his  right  or 
wrong  with  a  force  of  500  men, 
"  armed  and  arrayed  in  affair  of  war." 
His  eldest  son.  Sir  William  Tyrwhitt, 
was  at  the  Battle  of  Agincourt  in  1415. 
and  received  the  honour  of  knie;hthood 
shortly  afterwards.  In  the  eighth  year 
of  the  reign  of  Henry  the  Fifth,  he 
was  appointed  bailiff  of  the  towns  of 
Maunt,  MouUant,  and  Poissy,  and 
Captain  or  Governor  of  Mountjoy, 
Montreill,  St.  Germaine  -  en  -  Laye, 
and  Poissy  in  France.  He  was  also 
Knight  for  the  Body  to  King  Henry 
the  Fifth  and  Henry  the  Sixth,  and 
served  the  office  of  Sheriff  for  the 
county  of  York  in  the  14th  Henry  VI. 
He  founded  the  hospitals  of  Wrawby 
and  Glanford-bridge,  county  of  Lin- 
coln :  and  the  chantries  at  Higham 
and  Salisbury-hall,  near  Waltharo- 
stowe,  county  of  Essex  ;  and  a  third 
in  the  Collegiate  Church  of  St.  John 
of  Beverley.  His  wife  Constance, 
daughter  of  Sir  Anselm  St.  Quen- 
tin,  of  Brandysburton,  county  of  York, 
Knight,  died  before  the  tenth  year  of 
Henry  the  Sixth.  Sir  William  died 
in  the  twenty-ninth  Henry  VI.  His 
son  and  heir,  Adam  Tyrwhitt,  of 
Ketelby,  Esq.,  married  Elizabeth, 
daughter  of  Ralph  Lord  Lumtey,  and 
dying  within  a  year  of  his  father,  was 
succeeded  by  his  son  Sir  Robert  Tyr- 
whitt, of  Ketelby,  Knight,  who  mar- 
ried Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Sir  John 
Waterton,  of  Medley,  county  of  York, 
Knight.  Hewas  a  benefactor  ofthe hos- 
pital of  Glanford-bridge.  Having  been 
implicated  in  the  quarrels  of  that  dis- 
turbed period,  he  obtained  a  pardon 
in  the  34th  of  Henry  the  Sixth,  and 
died  in  the  36th  of  the  same  reign, 
leaving  William,   his  son  and  heir. 


1835-3        Rf-  Hon.  S.  Bourne  on  Halls  Remains  nf  Lowth, 

only  a  year  and  a  half  old.  This  was 
probably  a  fortunate  circttmstance,  as 
saving  his  estates  from  the  numerous 
attaioUers  attending  every  change  of 
fortune  during  the  civil  wars  of  the 
Roses.  Sir  William  served  the  office 
of  Sheriff  for  the  county  of  Lincoln. 
in  the  24th  of  Edward  the  Fourth, 
and  was  one  of  the  Esquires  for  the 
Body  to  King  Richard  the  Third. 
He  was,  however,  iacluded  in  the 
general  pardon  granted  by  Henry  the 
Seventh,  in  the  third  year  of  his  reign, 
when  that  jealous  tyrant  was  under 
apprehension  from  the  invasion  of 
Lanibert  Simnel.  and  joining  the 
ruval  force's  nt  Newark-upon-Trent, 
with  his  levies,  a  few  days  before  the 
Iwttle  of  SU)Le.  was  for  his  service*  in 
that  action  kBiw;hted  in  the  field.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  present  at  the 
coronation  of  the  Laily  Elizabeth,  the 
ill-u»ed  Queen  of  Henry  the  Seventh, 
lie  is  named  in  every  commission  for 
the  conoty  of  Lincoln,  of  which  he 
was  thrve  times  Sheriff.  He  was  one 
of  the  commanders  of  the  Royal  forces 
the  battle  of  Blackheath,  on  which 
ccasioti  he  was  made  a  Banneret  by 
Kinf;  in  person.  He  married  Anne, 
Iter  of  Sir  Robert  Cunstable,  of 
|boruu^b.  Knight,  and  dying  in 
I52'2,~wa3  buried  in  the  Cathedral 
fh  of  Lincoln.  He  M-as  succeeded 
his  BOO,  Sir  Thomas  Tyrwhilt, 
some  lime  Vice-Admiral  of 
»d,  who  was  forty  years  of  age 
drath  of  his  father, 
would  exceed  the  limits  I  have 
jftcd  to  myself  to  give  a  further 
int  of  the  families  of  Tyrwhitt 
^Constable  ;  but  I  am  in  possession 
'ample  materials  respecting  the  his- 
V  of  these  and  other  northern  fami- 
p,  which  I  should  be  happy  to  com- 
luaicate  from  time  to  time. 

Yours,  &c.  H.  N.  C. 


155 


Biaaop  LowTii, 

ft   THS   BEV.  PETER  HAI.I.. 

Ubbax, 

TUEf«dlnwingLcttorby  Mr.Sturges 

PrfMiriic    (which  1    have    the   writer's 

II  to  communicate),  in  vindi- 

.  tbe  mPTjiory  of  his  illustrious 

reiauon,   Bishop  Lowth,  is  submitted 

to  tour  re»'Icrt>  without  comment. 

Ymirs,  6<c.       WvcciiAsucfs. 


LctttT  frnm  the  Right  Hon.  Sfurgra 
Bourne  to  his  Grace  ttte  jirchliighojt 
of  Canterbury. 

.,  t  That  wood.  Southamp' 

MY0EA.bL0RD,  .         xr        ,-    ,oT 

/on,  iVo!'.] 7, 1834. 

Your  Grace  not  long  since  antici- 
pated me,  as  1  found  from  Mr.  Ro- 
berts, in  correcting  a  mistake  of  one 
editor ;  and  1  hope  that  you  will 
excuse  mc  for  troubling  j'ou  respecting 
the  more  serious  and  important  error 
(if  it  can  be  so  called)  of  another.  1 
allude  to  the  volume  published  last 
summer  as  "  Sermons  and  other  He- 
mains  nf  Bishop  Lowth  ;"  and  I  ven- 
ture to  desire  this  indulgence,  not 
only  as  the  Bishop's  relation,  but 
because  1  believe  that  your  Grace  will, 
on  many  accounts,  take  a  more  tliau 
common  interest  in  any  publicatioi 
that  may  be  attributed  to  him  as  its" 
author,  and  more  especially  if  such 
publication  should  be  found  to  involve 
a  question  re.'ipecting  the  confidence 
which  may  be  reposed  in  the  judg- 
ment or  integrity  of  an  editor. 

Before,  however,  1  refer  to  the 
work,  you  must  permit  mc  to  state  to 
you  the  substance  of  some  communi- 
cations which  I  had  with  the  editor. 
Just  before  the  publication  of  the  book. 

About  two  or  three  years  ago  he 
wrote  to  mc  from  Salisbury,  to  say 
that  he  was  about  to  republish  some 
of  Bishop  Lowth's  works,  to  which 
he  should  prefix  a  memoir ;  and  re- 
quested me  to  give  him  any  informa- 
tion I  might  possess  respecting  the 
Bishop.  He  was, quite  a  stranger  to 
me  ;  but  I  pointed  out  to  him  an  ac- 
count, written  by  my  father,  of  the 
Bishop's  birth,  family,  &c.  I  heard 
nothing  more  from  him  till  last  March, 
when  he  sent  to  me  four  pages  of  his 
Memoir  in  print,  desiring  me  to  cor- 
rect any  errors,  &c.  Finding  it  very 
inaccurate,  I  concluded  that  he  had 
received  no  information  from  the 
Bishop's  representatives  and  descend- 
ants; and,  before  1  answered  his  appli- 
cation. 1  learned  from  Mrs.  Lowth, 
that  after  some  correspondence,  and, 
as  it  appeared,  some  misunderstanding 
of  eacu  other,  the  family  declined  to 
co-operate  with  him.  1  consequently 
called  upon  him  at  CheUca,  and  told 
him  that,  under  such  circurastooccs, 
he  must  not  expect  assistance  from  me. 
He  then  told  me  that  he  had  some 
MS.  sermons  of  the  Biahop'i>,  which 


I5ff 


Rt.  Hon.  S.  Bowrne  on  Halts  Remains  of     owth.  [Feb. 


be  meant  to  pnblish.  Upon  that 
I  said  to  him,  that  I  happened  to 
know  that  the  Bishop  was  very  averse 
to  the  pablication  of  sermons  post- 
hamously,  without  the  consent  or  di- 
rection of  the  aathor.  He  answered 
that  he  thought  I  must  be  mistaken, 
68  was  proved  by  these  sermons  hay- 

INQ  BEEN  PREPARED  FOR  THE  PRESS 

BY  THE  Bishop  himself  (whose 
handwriting  he  knew  well),  and  that 
they  were  in  two  8vo.  volumes  in 
vellum  covers.  1  expressed  my  sur- 
prise at  a  statement  which  1  believe 
was  quite  at  variance  with  the  Bishop's 
habits  and  practice.  He  afterwards 
told  me  by  letter,  to  confirm  his  state- 
iflcnts  respecting  the  Bishop's  hand- 
writing, that  he  had  in  his  possession 

SEVERAL  LETTERS  AND  PAPERS  of  the 

Bishop's.  1  further  stated  to  him  by 
letter,  that  if  the  MSS.  were  really 
Ihc  Bishop's  writing,  I  believed  that 
they  most  have  been  taken  surrep- 
titiously from  his  papers,  as  some 
othcM  were  suspected  to  have  been 
taken.  Upon  this  he  stated,  that  the 
MSS.  were  bought  at  Sotheby's  in 
1830  or  1831,  by  the  gentleman  who 
had  given  him  the  use  of  them ;  and 
asserted,  as  he  has  since  done  in 
print  (though  the  fact  had  been  denied 
by  the  family  and  by  Mr.  Evans,  who 
was  employed  when  the  books  were 
necessarily  sold  in  1823),  that  from 
twenty-five  to  thirty  volumes  of  MSS. 
annotations  had  been  sold  by  the 
Bishop's  representatives,  and  that 
these  might  have  been  amongst  them. 

The  only  other  very  important  fact 
in  his  written  communication  to  me 
was  an  assertion,  to  which  1  must  call 
your  most  particular  attention,  that 
"  7%e/e»  Sermons  were  preached  by  the 
Bishop  WHILE  IN  the  See  opLondon, 
AT  two  of  the  principal  churches  of 
the  metropolis."  And  now  I  come  to 
the  MSS.,  which,  if  I  had  not  seen, 
I  should  have  been  content  to  rely  on 
the  iniemal  evidence  afforded  by  these 
compositions,  without  directing  the 
attention  of  such  a  person  as  your 
Grace,  to  the  style,  flow  of  language, 
structure  of  sentences,  phraseology, 
and  expression  of  these  Sermons. 

But  the  owner  of  these  MSS.,  who 
gave  the  use  of  them  so  liberally  to 
the  editor,  has  most  honourably  lent 
them  to  Mrs.  Lowth,  who  lately 
brought  them  to  me ;  and  I  think  it 


quite  incumbent  upon  me  to  represent 
to  you,  who  cannot  have  seen  them, 
the  light  they  throw  upon  this  publi- 
cation. I  now  beg  to  call  your  atten- 
tion to  the  foundation  of  the  whole 
superstructure,  viz.,  the  hand.writ. 
iMo.  The  editor  has  stated  again  and 
again  to  the  public,  that  he  is  most 

CONVERSANT     WITH      THE      BiSHOP's 

WRITING ;  and  that  he  WOULD 
SWE^R  to  it  with  more  coNriDBNCB 
than  to  ANY  man's,  except  his 
OWN ! ! '  I  have  therefore  sent  here- 
with both  a  fac-simile  of  a  page  of 
the  MS.,  for  the  accuracy  of  which  1 
can  vouch,  having  compared  it  with 
the  original;  and  specimens  of  the 
Bishop's  writing,  in  case  your  Grace 
should  not  possess  any.  And  I  think 
a  glance  at  them  will  show,  that,  so 
far  from  the  respective  writings  being 
identical)  they  appear  to  differ,  as 
much  as  a  running  loose  hand  can 
differ  from  one  that  is  cramped  and 
contracted.  But  they  differ  also  in 
another  respect,  on  which  it  is  more 
impossible  to  be  mistaken.  The  MSS. 
have  abbreviations  the  most  unusual, 
as  appear  in  the  fac-simile,  which 
were  never  nsed  at  any  period  of  his 
l{fe,  for  I  have  specimens  of  his 
writing  at  all  ages.  To  which  I  must 
add,  a  peculiarity  of  speUing  of  various 
words  (one  of  which,  "  steddily,"  is 
in  the  page  sent),  quite  at  variance 
with  the  spelling  of  the  author  of  "  An 
Introduction  to  English  Grammar." 

And  thus  I  am  content  to  leave  t}ie 
question  of  the  hand-writing,  and 
whether  these  Sermons  were  written 
by  Bishop  Lowth. 

But  now  to  the  contents  of  the  MSS. 

The  first  writing  that  presents  itself, 
and  the  most  important  of  all,  is  the 
title,  in  the  form  in  which  I  have  writ- 
ten it  at  the  back  of  the  fac-simile,  and 
in  the  following  words:  "  Sermons 
preached  at  St.  James's  (in  the  other 
volume  at  St.  Martin's-in-the-Fields) 
by  Robert  Lowth,  D.D,  1767."  Now 
it  will  be  remembered,  that  these  MSS. 
WITH  THEIR  titles,  thus  "prepared 
by  Bishop  Lowth  for  the  press,"  ac- 
cording to  the  editor,  are  the  only 
authority  on  which  he  can  rest  for 
these  Sermons  having  been  preached 
by  Bishop  Lowth,  and  at  those  chmrches. 
Bishop  Lowth,  then,  it  seems,  so  re- 
corded his  own  preaching  in  1767, 
when  he  was  Bishop  op  Oxford, 


fciippressins  that  fact,  nnd  calling  him- 
srlfonly  '*  Robeut  Loxath,"  and,  not 
to  omit  his  rank,  D.D.  But  if  that 
improbability  be  surmounted,  how 
happened  a  Bishop  of  Oxford  so  to 
preach  ten  sermons  at  two  London 
churches,  and  in  one  ypar,  with  neither 
of  which  he  had  the  smallest  con- 
nexion,  having  lived,  when  Bishop  of 
Oxford,  in  the  parish  of  St.  Marga- 
ret'*, Westminster.  And  yet,  if  there 
be  truth  in  the  MSS.,  this  was  the 
fact,  and  this  preaching  was  in  1767. 
But  if  there  be  truth  in  the  editor, 
they  were  preached  above  ten  years 
afterwards,  and  the  MSS,  are  conse- 
qnently  false.  I  leave  the  alternative 
to  the  choice  of  the  editor  ;  but  both 
■wertions  cannot  be  true.  But  how 
kappens  it,  that  your  Grace  and  the 
public  are  not  aware  of  this  strange 
and  inexplicable  contradiction  ?  It 
happens,  because  th^sp  titles  havf  hfm 
eancfilM,  and  the  date  of  1767,  which 
W1L&  found,  I  presume,  so  unmanage- 
able, has  bem  npprnted :  and  in  no 
part  of  the  volume  will  the  date  of  the 
ten  sermons  be  found,  though  to  each 
of  the  re-published  sermons  the  date, 
B»  usual,  is  uniformly  atlixcd.  The 
title  given  to  the  sermons  in  the 
present  volume  is  in  form,  as  at 
the  back  of  the  fac-simile,  and  in 
■words  "  Ten  Sermons  of  Bishop 
Lowth,  now  first  printed  from  the  ori- 
ginal Manuscripts."  1  must  observe, 
that  when  Mr.  Hall  stated  to  me  that 
these  Sermons  were  preached  by  the 
Bishop  while  in  the  See  of  Jjondon,  he 
knew  he  had  never  shown  me  the 
[SS.,  and  afterwards  said  that  "they 
rrre  returned  to  Walcis,"  and  they 
~niight  well  be  supposed  not  likely  to 
find  their  way  back  to  London. 

Thuiipb  vour  Grace  may  think  1  have 
said  enough  respecting  the  churches 
in  which  these  Sermons  are  said  to 
have  been  preuchtid,  I  have  yet  still 
more  to  say ;  and  that  is  afforded  me 
even  by  the  printed  book  itself,  in 
which  will  be  found,  at  the  cnti  of  the 
fifUi  sermon  priached  at  St.  James's, 
the  following  pjissage  :  "  I  might  now 
l>lead  for  religion  from  the  tojtic  (in 
the  original  topicl:,  and  never  so  spelt 
by  the  Bishop)  of  secular  interest,  but 
_tbat  would  engage  mc  beyond  the  li- 
itd  rjf  a  discourse,  and  pcrhap.'^  might 
thought   needless    kou   oke   who 

IIAO    »0    OrriCN    HKnTIONEO    IT    FROM 


THIS  PLACE."  Need  I  say  that  this  is 
conclusive  as  to  the  Sermons  having 
been  preached,  at  whatever  church,  fl 
'by  the  ordinary  and  habitual  minister,  V 
which  Bishop  Lowth  nrver  was!! 
Having  stated  to  your  Grace  why  I 
believe  these  Sermons  were  not  written 
by  Bishop  Lowth,  I  think  I  may  now 
add,  that  they  were  not  preackea  by 
him.  And  where  is  to  be  fonnd  the 
faintest  trace  of  his  composition  ?  I  M 
therefore  submit  to  your  better  judg-  fl 
ment,  that  they  were  neither  com- 
poiM.  trritten,  aor  jirearhed  by  Bishop 
Lowth.  In  the  preceding  pages  I 
have  staled  only  facts.  Nor  shall  I 
presume  to  discuss  whether  the  Rev. 
Peter  Hall  is,  as  he  evidently  sup- 
poses himself  to  be,  a  sounder  thcolo- 
logian  than  Bishop  Lowth  ;  but  I  may 
be  permitted  to  express  my  surprise, 
that  a  member  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land should  thus  publish  Sermons,  of 
which  he  professedly  diinpjmwea  for 
their  defects,  and  which  defects  he 
charges,  on  such  evidence  as  I  have 
exposed,  on  Bishop  Lowth.  And 
I  have,  1  think,  personally,  some 
right  to  complain  that,  if  it  was  Mr. 
Hall's  firiyinal  intetition  to  disparage 
the  Bishop's  memory,  he  should  have 
applied  to  mc,  and  to  the  Bishop's 
descendants,  to  assist  in  such  work. 

Believe  me,  my  dear  Lord,  your 
Grace's  mo«t  faithful  obliged  Servant, 
W.  Stvhqes  Bocrxb. 

The  Gltptotheca  at  Munich. 

IN  addition  to  its  intrinsic  claims 
on  admiration — as  one  of  the   finest 
creations  of  modem  architecture,  per- 
fectly  accomplished  in  all  its   parts,   fl 
and  displaying  throughout  both  con-   H 
sistency  of  character,  and  refinement 
of  taste  —  this  structure  acquires  ad- 
ditional interest  just  now,  because  its 
example  will,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  stimu- 
late the  University  of  Cambridge  to    h 
give  it  no  unworthy  rival  in  the  in-  ■ 
tended  Fitzwilliara  Museum,  the  de-    ■ 
sign   for  which  will   ere  lung  be  de- 
cided  upon.     We   must   not   expect, 
indeed,   the    building    at   Cambridge 
will   even   attempt   to   compete   with 
the  one  at  Munich,  as  regards  either 
costliness  of  material,  or  that  unspar- 
ing   yet   not    profuse    embellishment 
which  never  passes  the  boundary  «]i- 
vjding  complete  satisfaction  &om  sa- 


I 


I  sa-^H 


158 


TUle  Glgptotkeea  at  Mwiich. 


[Feb. 


tiety;  yet  we  may  hope,  nay,  have 
a  reasonable  right  to  expect,  that  the 
utmost  will  be  done  which  circum- 
stances permit.  We  have  architec- 
tural reproaches  enough  to  wipe  off — 
let  not  the  Fitzwilliam  Museum  be 
added  to  the  list  i  but  let  the  Univer- 
sity, if  it  should  not  care  to  look  to 
Munich  for  a  guide,  at  least  look  to 
the  New  Palace  here  at  home,  as  a 
warning.  Of  jobbing  and  jobbery,  of 
wasteful  blundering,  of  abortive  ex- 
penditure, and  costly  meanness,  that 
affair  has  i^orded  a  sample  sufficient 
for  five  centuries  to  come.  But  we  are 
getting  rather  warm — not  inexcusably 
so ;  and  may  perhaps  appear  to  be 
forgetting  our  purposed  subject  also. 

The  fame,  indeed,  of  the  Glypto- 
theca  has  reached  Uiis  country,  and 
some  mention  of  it  has  occasionally 
been  made  of  late ;  yet  such  as  rather 
to  excite  than  in  any  degree  satisfy 
curiosity  either  as  to  the  building  it- 
self, or  the  treasures  of  art  it  con- 
tains. Among  those  who  have  more 
particularly  noticed  it,  are  Mr.  Inglis  in 
his  "  Tyrol,"  and  Mrs.  Jameson  in  her 
more  recent  work,  entitled  "Visits 
and  Sketches."  Both  speak  in  terms 
of  warm  admiration,  not  unmingled 
with  astonishment,  that  Munich,  the 
petty  capital  of  a  petty  German  king- 
dom, should  not  only  be  able  to  vie 
with,  but  absolutely  eclipse  cities  of 
far  greater  opulence  and  prouder  name 
in  the  splendour  of  its  museums, 
and  various  other  fine  public  edifices 
for  which  it  is  indebted  to  the  enthu- 
siasm of  its  "art-loving"  Louis  the 
First.  Of  the  two,  Mrs.  Jameson  ex- 
patiates more  at  length  on  the  Glyp- 
totheca,  descanting  on  its  beauties 
with  a  warmth  and  eloquence  of  style, 
with  a  discriminating  intelligence  so 
captivating,  that  they  can  scarcely  fail 
to  fascinate  even  uose  who  would 
otherwise  hardly  bestow  any  atten- 
tion on  such  a  topic.  Notwithstand- 
ing, however,  that  her  con  anutre 
touches  bring  out  all  the  sentiment 
the  place  is  so  well  calculated  to  ex- 
cite, she  neither  professes  nor  at- 
tempts to  enter  into  any  exact  and 
detailed  architectural  description,  nor 
to  do  more  than  afford  a  sufficiently 
clear  general  idea  for  her  purpose,  of 
its  internal  embellishments,  and  of 
the  most  important  subjects  in  the 
collectioB.     What  she  says  is  there- 


fore better  suited  to  satisfy  those  who 
have  already  seen  the  building,  or  to 
raise  powerful  yet  not  undue  antici- 
pations in  those  who  purpose  visiting 
It,  than  adequately  to  gratify  those 
who  must  be  content  with  learning 
from  others  what  it  really  is. 

To  commence  our  notice  without 
further  prefatory  remark  of  any  kind, 
— the  Glyptotheca  is  an  insulated 
structure,  about  220  feet  square,  on 
the  north  side  of  a  large  open  space 
called  the  Komgtplatz,  and  lying  to 
the  northwest  of  the  city.  In  com- 
parison with  its  other  proportions, 
the  building  is  not  loily,  as  it  con- 
sists of  only  a  single  floor,  raised  five 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  ground. 
Yet  while  its  general  height  (about 
42  feet)  is  very  sufiicient  in  itself,  the 
circumstance  just  alluded  to,  contri- 
butes in  no  small  degree  to  its  dig- 
nity and  classical  character,  because 
it  so  far  accords  with  the  idea  sug- 
gested by  a  single  order.  Another 
circumstance  to  which  it  is  greatly 
indebted,  both  for  propriety  of  expres- 
sion, and  its  noble  simplicity  of  as- 
pect, is  that,  with  the  exception  of 
two  windows  in  the  north  or  back 
front,  no  others  appear  externally,  the 
two  rotundas  in  the  angles  of  the 
principal  front  being  lighted  from  the 
centre  of  their  domed  ceilings,  and 
each  of  the  other  apartments  (exclu- 
sively of  the  long  gallery  called  the 
Roman  Hall,  which  has  three,)  by  a 
single  large  semicircular  window  to- 
wards the  open  court  within  the  build- 
ing, and  placed  above  the  entablature 
of  the  room.  Hence  the  architect  had 
not  to  contend  with  what  invariably 
more  or  leas  interferes  with  and  mars 
any  aim  at  pure  classical  physiog- 
nomy ;  for  where  windows  are  inevit- 
able, unless  they  be  exceedingly  few 
indeed,  and  can  be  so  adjusted  as 
perfectly  to  harmonize  with  the  order, 
and  made  to  come  in  where  they  have 
a  positive  value  in  the  design,  they 
sadly  cut  up  and  disturb  it ;  and  im- 
part to  it,  moreover,  too  much  of  the 
every-day  character  of  a  dwelling.  A 
single  order  can  with  propriety  admit 
of  no  more  than  a  single  series  of 
windows,  and  they  should  be  placed 
rather  high,  as  in  the  Temple  of  Mi- 
nerva Polias  at  Athens,  and  the  East 
end  of  St.  Pancras'  Church,  so  as 
plainly  to  indicate  that  the  interior  is 


1835.ll 


The  Glyptotheca  at  Munich, 


159 


tiooa 
^^^     lowei 

mk., 


not  divided  into  more  than  one  floor 
within.  When  this  \s  not  the  case, 
however  elegant  the  windows  may  be 
in  themselves,  they  justly  offend  a  fas- 
tidious eye.  Of  such  defect  we  have 
an  instance  in  the  new  wings  of  the 
British  Museum,  where  there  is  in- 
deed only  a  single  range  of  them  ;  yet 
owing  to  the  great  space  of  solid  wall 
aboTe  them,  they  not  only  look  crowd- 
ed together,  although  far  from  being 
so  in  reality,  but  it  also  becomes  ob- 
vious that  the  upper  jiart  of  the  build- 
ing is  a  mere  mask,  behind  which  i-§ 
concealed  an  upper  floor  lighted  from 
the  roof.  Wc  greatly  fear  too  thai:  a 
similar  circumstance  wiU  be  found  to 
detract  very  much  indeed  from  th** 
•  classical '  air  of  Mr.  Wilkins's  Na- 
tional Gallery ;  because  there  the 
lower  part  is  pierced  throughout  with 
numerous  windows,  while  there  is  a 
Mill  greater  proportion  of  solid  fpace 
without  any  thing  to  coun- 
t  or  apologize  for  this  contrapo- 
sition of  apertures  and  solids,  save  a 
corresponding  range  of  smaller  niches 
in  tlie  upper  floor ;  which  will  hardly 
remove  the  awkward  impression  of 
undue  weakness  below,  and  undue 
heaviness  above. 

Besides  its  being  highly  favourable, 
as  far  as  correctness  of  stjle  is  con- 
cerned, the  omission  of  windows  in 
the  Glyptotheca — at  the  fianiu  tiine 
that  it  80  distinguishes  it  from  other 
baildiogs,  as  to  cive  it  a  peculiar  and 
determinate  character  of  its  own, — 
conveys  the  idea  of  greater  solidity 
and  security. 

Along  the  principal  front,  hn-aking 
round  the  portico,  and  continued  for 
a  little  way  on  the  llanks  of  the  build- 
ing, are  three  exceedingly  deep  t/ra- 
^ini,  having  a  broad  collow  or  groove 
at  their  lower  edges.  These  consti- 
tute a  kind  of  spreading  socle  or  foot- 
ing to  the  whole  of  this  elevation, 
and  also  the  ascent  to  the  portico,  by 
meaoft  of  shallower  steps  inserted  in 
the  centre  of  these  very  deep  ones. 
The  portico  itself,  which  occupies 
^pmewbat  more  thau  one  -  third  of 
entire  front,  rises  considerably 
ive  the  rest,  the  entire  height 
from  the  ground  to  the  lop  of  the 
acroterium  being  sixty-eisht  feet,  in 
coo>«quencc  of  the  capitals  of  the 
Golunina  commencing  ou  the  same 
as   the  uppermost  line  of  the 


I 


parts  on  each  side  of  the  portico,  which 
consequently  assume  in  this  front  the 
appearance  of  wings  to  it.  As  far  as 
regards  the  actual  number  of  its  co- 
lumns, this  portico  is  correctly  enough 
stated  by  Mrs.  Jameson  to  have  twelve; 
yet  unless  the  mode  in  which  they  ore 
disposed  be  also  speciiied,  such  ex- 
planation is  apt  to  ctJdvey  a  more  er- 
roneous idea  than  had  merely  the 
number  in  front  been  indicated.  The 
fact  is,  llie  portico  is  not  dotiec(ut/yle, 
a*  might  be  inferred  from  her  remark, 
but  uctaatylv ;  that  is,  there  are  eight 
columns  m  front,  projecting  one  in-  ■ 
tercolumn  in  advance  of  the  general  H 
line  of  the  fa^'ade ;  and  behind  is  an 
inner  ranc;e  of  four  columns  in  anfu. 
forming  five  open  intercolurans  behind 
the  seven  intercularons  of  the  outer 
range. 

iSimple  and  obvious  as  it  is,  and 
accordant  withal  to  the  principles  of 
Greek  architecture,  we  have  here  in 
tile  disposition  alone  of  the  columns 
something  altogether  different  from  fl 
what  has  been  aimed  at  by  any  of  our  | 
English  architects,*  notwithstanding 
the  numerous  porticos  that  have  been 
erected  of  late  years,  even  reckoning 
those  in  the  melrapolis  alone,  which 
certainly  afforded  opportunities  for 
some  attempts  at  novelty  and  variety. 
Architects  are  far  too  apt  tu  consider 
that  they  have  done  every  thing  a 
portico  admits,  if  they  do  but  provide 
columns  enough  in  front,  and  take 
care  that  they  be  after  some  approved 
etaraple.  Welt  do  they  know  that 
they  can  hardly  foil  of  attaining  by 
that  means  a  certain  effect,  in  that 
feature  at  least ;  and  as  to  any  thing 
further, — "  it  is  not  in  their  bond."  fl 
Nothing  contributes  more  to  | 
piquancy  of  j>erspective  effect,  and 
to  that  arising  from  play  of  light  and 
shade,  and  the  greater  depth  nf  sha-  M 
dow  into  which  the  back-ground  is  I 
thus  thrown,  than  the  system  of  plac- 
ing cuJumn  behind  column  ;  to  say 
nothing  of  the  greater  architectural 
richness    produced    by    it.f     So    far 

•  The  only  instance  we  are  acquainted 
with  ifl  that  of  the  portico  to  the  Hun- 
tcriun  Museum  nt  Gbisgow,  where  there 
is  a  dittyte  in  antU  behiud  an  hesantyle. 
Hut  this,  as  rutlier  bi-loinjiiig  ti>  Scotland, 
hardly  cuatradicttt  our  remark. 

fit  must  be  coufessed  that  beauties  of 
this  kind  connut  be  made  evident  in  mere 


I 


160 


Tie  Glfptotkeea  <u  Munich. 


[Feb. 


Klenzc  has  distingnished  his  portico 
from  nearly  every  other  example,  and 
imparted  to  it  picturesque  richness  of 
columniation  and  decided  effect,  with- 
out bringing  it  so  forward  as  to  de- 
tach it  too  much  from  the  rest,  and 
thereby  break  up  that  unity  of  com- 
pactness which  now  marks  the  whole 
pile.  The  effect  of  the  two  ranges  of 
columns  is  further  enhanced  by  the 
narrowness  of  the  inner  columns,  the 
spaces  between  the  pillars  not  exceed- 
ing three  modules.  It  was  probably 
for  this  reason  that  the  architect  con- 
sidered it  better  to  leave  the  shafts  of 
the  columns  (which  are  of  the  Ionic 
order)  unfluted ;  in  order  to  preserve 
great  breadth,  and  avoid  the  confu- 
sion of  too  many  lines.  Hardly  could 
the  omission  of  such  decoration  have 
arisen  out  of  merely  economic  mo- 
tives, because  in  every  other  respect 
expense  appears  to  have  been  disre- 
garded, and  the  utmost  attention  paid 
to  finish  of  execution.  In  our  opi- 
nion, however,  it  detracts  from  the 
beauty  of  the  whole,  and  the  fa9ade 
would  have  been  rendered  far  more 
classical,  had  the  external  columns 
been  fluted. 

Beyond  the  second  range  of  co- 
lumns, as  may  be  inferred  from  what 
we  have  already  said,  the  portico  re- 
cedes, yet  very  slightly,  —  hardly  so 
much  as  the  width  of  an  intercolumn ; 
and  this  division  of  it  also  expands 
beyond  the  antse,  which  close  it  up 
from  the  outer  one.  In  the  back  wall 
df  the  portico  is  a  single  doorway  of 
ample  dimensions,  the  height  to  the 
top  of  its  cornice  being  twenty-nine 
feet.  The  less  elevated  part  of  the 
facade  on  either  side  the  portico  con- 
tains three  very  large  tabernacle  niches, 
in  which  it  is  intended  to  place  colos- 
sal statues  ;  it  is  finished  by  antse, — 
one  next  the  portico,  and  another  at 
the  outer  angle ;  and  crowned  by  a 
rich  entablature,  surmounted  by  ante- 
fixa,  above  which  is  a  low  podium, 
screening  the  roof. 


geometrical  elevations,  and  consequently 
do  not  at  all  conduce  to  specious  showi- 
nvaa  in  such  designs.  And  this  may, 
p«rhsp«i  be  one  reason,  although  a  very 
■itrry  one,  wherefore  architects  prefer 
mtikiug  the  utmost  display  they  can  by 
briugiitg  nil  their  columns  into  the  very 
iVunt  of  their  buildings, 
(i 


Having  thus  traced  out  the  leading 
features  of  the  principal  front,  let  us 
now  consider  its  effect.     We  behold  a 
fine  octastyle  Ionic  portico  sufficiently 
elevated  above  the  ground  to  display 
it  to  advantage,  although,  owing  to 
their  very  great  depth,  the  steps  or 
rather  gradini  on  which  it  is  raised, 
do  not  project  so  far  as  to  prevent  the 
height  they  occupy  appearing  included 
in  that  of  the  structure  itself.  In  fact, 
their  almost  colossal  proportions  give 
them  an  importance   in  the  design, 
which  had  they  been  tripled  in  num- 
ber,   by  being  of   the  usual  depUi, 
would  have  been  entirely  lost.    The 
amplitude  of  the  portico  (whose  co- 
lumns,  it  should  be    remarked,  are 
thirty-eight  feet  high,)  its  loftiness  in 
respect  to  the  rest  of  the  building,  and 
the  pure  classical  character   arising 
from  its  richly  decorated  roof,  instead 
of  abutting  against  any  thing  else,  be- 
ing continued  as  an  unbroken  ridge 
the  entire  depth  of  this  side  of  the 
building, — all  render  this  one  of  the 
most  impressive  and  correct  ^plica- 
tions of  the  Greek  style  that  modem 
architecture  offers.    To  the  circum- 
stances just  noted,  must  be  added  the 
rich  play  of  light  and  shade  produced 
by  the  inner  columns,  and  the  har- 
monious contrast,  the  happy  opposi- 
tion between  the  portico  and  the  rest 
of  the  fa9ade;  the  one    is  skilfully 
made  to  relieve  and  set  off  the  other, 
and  to  heighten  their  respective  ex- 
pression;   vivacity  is    blended    with 
repose,    and    finished  elegance  with 
massive  strength.     Lavish  as  is  the 
embellishment  with  which  the  whole 
is  arranged,  there  is  nothing  finical, 
—nothing  of  the  sort  that  undignifies, 
while  it  prettifies  a  building;  while 
more  than  one  building  we  are  fain  to 
admire  here  at  home,  would,  if  placed 
by  the  side  of  the  Glyptotheca.  cut  no 
better  figure  than  a  girl  in  her  ball- 
room lace  flounces  by  the  side  of  an 
imperial  beauty  in  her  regal  robes. 
The  divisions  of  the  fa9ade  are  ample 
and  well  defined ;  their  parts  few  and 
effective;  every  part  is  finished  up; 
nor  is  any  thing  neglected  or  slurred 
over.     The  only  thing  that  strikes  as 
positive  omission  in  this  respect  is, 
that  the  columns  are,  as  already  ob- 
served, unfluted ;  and  yet  this  appears 
more  objectionable  in  a  mere  eleva- 
tion than  in  Tne  building  itself,  be- 


I83aJ 


The  Glifptotheca  at  Munich. 


IGl 


cause  -whether  the  portico  be  viewed 

LiD  front,    where  the  inner  colunnna 

Ifthow  themselvea,  or  obliquely,  so  that 

[the  outer  range  alone  h  visible,  there 

a  happiness  of  effect  that  induces  us 

excuse  this  diminuiion  of  it.     It 

ight  loo  in  candour  to  be  observed, 

ttb»t,  although   unfluted  colanins  are 

|certaialy    un-Cirevk,    yet  in  this    in- 

[•tiLnce  the  plain  shafle  accord  so  well 

[with   the   breadth  observable   in   the 

Test  of  the  favade,  that  perhapa  they 

rather  aid  the  ceuoral  character  than 

not.     Or    it  might  be,   the   architect 

conceived  that  were  he  to  throw  in  a 

^  greater  degree  of  finish  in  his  coloii- 

Je,  the  decoration  of  ihe  other  parta 

Iwodd    require   to   be   proporlionably 

'ncreased,   in  order   to  preserve  the 

Keepiog,    balance,   and   unity    of  the 

itire  composition.    At  all  e\-cnts,  we 

smmend  the   system   he   has   acted 

ipoD  in  preference  to  that  which  h  so 

imnion   among;  ourselves, — namely, 

»f  expending  all  ornament  on  one  or 

ro  principal  partes,  whiie  all  the  rest 

harried  over  or  neglected,  the  con- 

[Mqnence  of  which  is,  that  instead  of 

ing  made  to  correspond  with  what 

[to  principal — of  being  *im lYar.  although 

rdinatc  to  it — they  become  offien- 

^«elj  jarring  and   incongruous   dis- 

mng  now  bestowed  sufficient  or 
■may  think  more  than  sufficient 
lOtice  on  the  exterior  of  the  Glyptu- 
Iheca,  we  proceed  to  the  interior. 

The  ffllding-doors  wi'hin  the  por- 
ico  open  into  a  vestibule  lighted  hy  a 
large  semicircular  window  on  the  op- 
i«ite  side,  and  above  other  folding- 
ioors  which  give  access  to  the  inner 
I  court.    This  vestibule  is  not  very  spa- 


*  To  quote  one  otit  of  a  hnndred  fla- 

^  {rant  inatonces  of  this  sort,  ve  may  here 

•pecify  the  Post  Office  at  Dublin,  where 

lufiic  portico  with  fluted  coluiDnfe  nni\ 

ciiricheil  frieze,  anu  surmouuEed  by 

iturs,  U  attached  to  a  mere  hoiiae-tike 

liuitiljnp,  full  of  ordinary  sjish-windows, 

stne  of  them  arched,   nnd   all  of  them 

li»nog  apertures  in  the  wall.     This,  nl- 

fbough   unfortunately  by  no  means  pecH- 

liar  f(i  the  sietcr  country,  i*  assuredly  a 

'  rniaa  mode  of  copying  Grecian 

re.     Notwithstanding  too,  that 

I  it  may   uKik  like  economy,  it   ig  in   faot 

most  wanton  extravagance, — the  sa- 

looiu  being  treated   tm   every  thing, 

(the  indispesasabU  as  nothing. 

G«J<T.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


cious,  being  not  more  than  thirty-aix 
feet  square, — or  rather,  from  siile  to 
side,  two  of  the  angles  being  taken 
out  of  the  space  on  the  side  towards 
the  court,  so  a»  to  describe  three  re- 
cessed sides,  with  a  clear  square  of 
twenty-five  feet.  Above  this  last- 
mentioned  part  the  ceiling  is  formed 
into  n  shallow  coffered  dome,  whose 
vertex  is  forty -eight  feet  above  the 
floor.  The  flour  itself  is  of  green  and 
black  polished  marble.  On  the  frieze 
opposite  the  entrance,  is  the  following 
inscription  : 

"  LUDOVICUS  I.  BAVABtJE  BBX, 
veteram  scnlpturn;  moaumeutis,  quae  ipae 
undiipie  congesser&t,  decore  cnllacandis 
hoc  Museum  cxBtruxit  atque  dicavit." 

And  over  the  entrance, 

"  INCKOATUM   MDCCtXXVl. 
PEKFECTUM  MDCCCXXX." 

There  are  likewise  inscriptions  over 
the  two  doors  Jeading  mto  the  gatle- 
riea.  On  the  frieze  of  that  to  the  left 
is. — "  Regis  jussu  sedifido  cxBtruendo 
et  dccorando  pra'l'uil  Leo  Klenzc 
eques  ;"  on  that  of  the  opposite  one, 
— "Regis  jussu  cameras  picturis  exor- 
navit  Petrus  Cornelius  eques.-f 

By  the  former  of  these  doors  the 
visitor  eaters  tlic  first  hall,  culled  the 
jEgiptitcher  Saal,  from  its  being  ap- 
propriated to  Egyptian  antiquities.  To 
this  succeeds  a  rotunda  twenty. seven 
feet  in  diameter,  which  bears  the 
name  of  the  lacunaMn  Saal,  an  it 
contains  specimens  of  the  very  earliest 
Greek  sculpture.  This  apanmcut  is 
at  the  south-west  angle  «f  the  build- 
ing, from  which  point  n  vista  is  ob- 
tained of  four  others,  viz.  the  ball  of 
the  ^Egjna  Marbles,  the  hall  of  Apollo, 
the  hall  of  Bacchus,  and  the  hat)  of 
the  Nichides,  the  last  being  at  the 
north-west  angle,  or  first  of  the  apart- 
ments on  the  north  side.  On  this 
side  are  the  tsvo  splendid  ap!U'tmGnt5 
designated  the  Fpsf-Saale,  which  are 
so  magnificently  adorned  with  frescos 
by  Cornelius  and  his  pupib  and  assi-st- 
aiits.  They  arc  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  smalt  vestibule,  forming 
the  entrance  from  a  lesser  portico  in 
the  centre  of  this  front.     From  the 


t  This  U   the  saniP  Comcliua  whom 
the  Athcnicum  trBiisfurmeil  a  short  time 
ago  into  "  Sii/juir  CorneliuH,  President  of 
the  Acnderny  nt  Monaco'" 
Y 


162 


Afumieipal  Corporations. 


[Feb. 


second  of  the  tivo  Fkst-Saale,  or  the 
Trojan  hall,  we  pass  into  what  is 
termed  the  Heroen  Saul,  and  which  io 
size  and  situation  corresponds  with 
the  hall  of  the  Niobides,  being  in  the 
north-east  angle.  From .  this  a  few 
steps  conducts  down  into  the  Roman 
hall,  the  most  spacious  of  all  the  gal- 
leries, and  forming  the  greater  portion 
of  the  east  side  of  the  building.  Ano> 
tber  flight  of  steps  at  the  opposite 
extremitv  conducts  up  into  the  hall  of 
Coloured  Marbles,  and  thence  we  en- 
ter the  last  room,  namely,  that  of  mo- 
dern Sculpture,  which  brings  us  again 
to  the  vestibule. 

Maving  thus  briefly  sketched  out 
the  plan  of  the  whole  interior,  we 
must  be  allowed  to  pause  for  the  pre- 
sent, and  to  reserve  farther  descrip- 
tion of  the  galleries  and  their  contents 
for  a  future  Number. 


.,     ,T  Gloster-terrace, 

Mr.  Urban.  jj^^^  j^  j, 

TO  the  origin,  as  well  as  to  the 
rights,  claims,  and  duties  of  Munici- 

Sal  Corporations,  the  proceedings  un- 
er  the  Royal  Commission  now  in 
force,  which  authorizes  an  inquiry 
into  them,  will  of  course  draw  the 
attention  of  many  of  your  readers ; 
who  may  therefore  not  feel  indisposed 
to  the  perusal  of  a  communication 
respecting  one  of  the  most  ancient 
and  not  the  least  celebrated  of  those 
fraternities,  which  has  existed  from  time 
immemorial  at  Stratford-upon-Avon 
in  Warwickshire. 

It  is  now  nearly  thirty  years  since 
accident  brought  me  acquainted  with 
this  Corporation,  and  obtained  for  me 
the  opportunity  of  carefully  examining 
the  whole  of  its  ancient  records,  and 
of  making  such  transcripts  or  extracts 
fronuithem  as  I  thought  proper;  a  pri- 
vilege of  which  T  did  not  fail  very  ex- 
tensively to  avail  myself.  My  imme- 
diate object  in  so  doing  is  well  known 
to  you  ;  it  was  the  illustration  of  the 


History  of  a  Chapel  in  the  High-street, 
which  was  understood  to  have  been 
erected  before  the  Reformation  of  re- 
ligion, by  and  for  the  use  of  a  Glide 
at  Stratford,  called  the  Gilde  of  Holy 
Cross,  of  our  Lady  the  blessed  Mary, 
and  St.  John  Baptist;  and  on  the 
walls  of  which  Chapel  several  legen- 
dary paintings  were  then  apparent, 
which  had  been  recently  discovered. 
These  latter  1  published;  but  was 
prevented  from  completing  my  design 
by  circumstances  to  which,  as>  thev 
are  not  immediately  connected  with 
the  subject  of  the  present  letter,  I 
shall  not  at  this  time  more  particu- 
larly advert.* 

On  examining  the  ancient  records 
of  the  Gilde,  it  appeared  that  Dugdale 
in  his  Warwickshire,  p.  484,  had 
given  but  a  very  imperfect  account  of 
it,  tracing  the  fraternity  no  further 
back  than  to  the  reign  of  King  Henry 
the  Fourth,  whereas  the  muniments 
which  I  was  allowed  to  inspect  and 
transcribe,  carried  back  the  history  of 
the  Gilde  to  the  reign  of  Edward  the 
First;  at  which  time  there  appeared  to 
have  been  a  Gilde  of  Holy  Cross,  a 
separate  fraternity  of  our  Lady,  and 
another  of  St.  John  Baptist,  which 
three  distinct  societies  were  afterwards 
incorporated  into  one  Gilde.  It  also 
appeared  that  in  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  First,  the  Gilde  of  Holy  Cross  ob- 
tained the  use  of  a  place  then  called 
Rode-haU,  as  a  place  of  meeting,  and 
the  reversion  of  the  edifice  in  fee, 
after  the  decease  of  its  then  owner 
Alfred  de  Beginden.  This  I  take  to 
be  the  origin  of  the  Gilde-hall.  Per- 
haps it  would  be  scarcely  practicable 
to  trace  the  history  of  this  Corpora- 
tion higher,  or  to  ascertain  whether 
it  was  of  Saxon  origin,  although  it 
appears  very  probable  that  that  was 
the  case. 

Of  the  economy  and  policy  of  the 
fraternity,  some  interesting  particulars 
were  gleaned  from  the  documents 
already  referred    to,    and    especially 


*  Mr.  Fisher's  work,  which  appeared  in  1807  in  folio,  as  far  as  published,  contains 
sixteen  plates  of  the  paintings,  highly  coloured,  five  plates  of  ancient  seals,  and 
tw«nty-six  of  ancient  records.  This  very  curious  work  was  sospended  in  consequence 
of  the  iniquitous  demand  of  copies  under  the  Copyright  Act,  which  required  eleven 
copieM  out  of  MO,  or  almost  a  tithe  of  the  whole.  This  is  only  one  of  several  in- 
stMur-tfn  in  which  this  real  Tax  upon  Literatare  has  suppressed  undertakings  of  mag- 
nit  uilu;  aud  yet,  amon^  all  the  professions  of  Reform  in  the  present  day,  it  continues 
uurepeulod  sad  unmodified. — En  it. 


183S.]  Glide  of  Holy  Cross.  S^.  at  Sirat/ord-on-Avon. 


163 


ifrnm  the  diary  or  ledger  of  the  Gilde, 

■  very  curious  volame,  written  in  law 

[Latin,  with  many  abbreviations.  This 

[record  commencea  with  the  8th  year  of 

[Hcnn'  IV.  A.  D.  1406,  and  concludes 

I  with  the  2Glh  of  Henry  VI  tl.  A.  D. 

1533.  and  is  entitled  "  Tlie  Ledger  of 

I  the  Gilde  of  the  Holy  Cross,  our  Lady, 

and  Scynt  John  the  Baptist,  of  Strat- 

ford-upon- Avcne."  • 

To  tiii^  volume  is  prefixed  the  con- 

[itittjtiona  of  the  fraternity  in  Engliah, 

of  which  I  subjoin  a  trunscript. 

The  object  which  this  Gilde  profess- 
«il  chiefly  to  have  in  view,  as  appears 
from  various  entries  in  their  ledger,  was 
one  which  was  at  that  time  regarded 
j  throughout  Europe  not  only  as  an  ob- 
iject  of  the  highest  importance,  but  as 
obtainable  in  no  other  way  than  by  the 
tfmyers  of  holy  church,  viz.  the  safety 
I  »ftcr  death  of  the  souls  of  the  faithful. 
1  With  a  view  to   the  secarity  of  this 
Inject,   mass  was   constantly  said    in 
the  Glide's  Chapel,  and  at  the  altars 
which  they  possessed   and  supported 
^in  the  parish  church.     They   appear 
irily  to  have  had  four  chaplains, 
Eat  no  time  less  than  two.  and  to 
erected  the  Gilde  Chapel  in  the 
uh-$treet,  Stratford  {which  was  for 
age  and  situation,  a  splendid  edi- 
fice.)   for   the    sole  purpose   of  there 
VUiintalning  hourly  prayers  or  masses 
for  the  souls  of  the  departed  "  bre- 
thoryn "    and    "  sustoryn  "    of   the 
[frateniitr.  and   in  which  lamps  were 
burning,  and  to  which  periodical 
siona    were    made.      Of   these 
Kj>ioD5  some  rather  ludicrous  no- 
are  to  be  foand  among  the  re- 

Vext  to  the  religious  object  con- 
I  templated  by  the  association  of  this 
iratrroity,  was  a  civil  jurisdiction 
[with  which  they  were  invested;  ad- 
iaiiii«t«rtng  the  police  of  the  town, 
aod  andertakiag  the  adjudication  of 


all  disputes  among  themselves ;  the 
members  being,  as  will  be  seen  on  re- 
ference to  the  la^t  article  of  their  con- 
stitutions, fprchibited  under  pain  of 
dismission,  from  going  to  law  with 
each  other,  without  the  consent  of  the 
Master  and  Aldermen  of  the  Giide. 

Charity  was  another  object  of  the 
incorporation  of  this  fraternity,  who 
dispensed  periodical  bounty  to  their 
decayed  raembers,  of  whom  some  were 
accommodated  with  residences  in  an 
alma-row. 

This  Gilde  had  also  the  manage, 
ment  of  one  or  more  establishments 
for  oducaiion,  of  considerable  anti- 
quity. There  is  a  deed  dated  the  22d 
of  Edward  IV.  which  regulates  the 
endowment  of  one  of  these  schools, 
and  the  appointment  of  the  master,  who 
was  to  have  a  salary.  The  school  was 
a  free  grammar  schnoi,  under  the  su- 
pcriutendeace  and  control  of  the 
Master  and  Aldermen  of  the  Gilde. 
The  schooimaster  was  to  teach  effi- 
eiently,  and  was  expressly  prohibited 
from  faking  any  thimj  fmm  those  whom 
hn  tnught,  for  teaching  them. 

The  maintenance  of  good  fellowship 
by  means  of  and  at  their  periodical 
meetings,  was  also  an  object  held 
constantly  in  view  by  this  ancient  fra- 
ternity, or  their  friemlly  or  Gilde 
meetings,  one  annually  appears  to 
have  been  pre-eminent.  It  was  called 
thf  Communion,  and  was  very  fully  at- 
tended,  if  any  judgment  on  that  fact 
niay  be  formed  from  the  Gilde  ac- 
counts, which  show  the  extensive 
means  employed  to  collect  and  ac- 
commodate the  raembers  on  that  day. 
It  appears  to  have  been  on  that  day 
that  the  members  went  annually  in 
grand  procession,  each  wearing  his 
hood  of  the  ddivifnf  (whence  the  word 
It'rerjft)  of  the  Gilde.  Much  pageantry 
was  displayed  in  these  processions,  at 
the  cost  of  the  Gilde,  as  appears  by 


Thiu  Ledger  i«  a  folio  volume,  measuriDg  l^t  inches  io  depth,  11  ioches  in  breadth 

id  3  inches  io  thickneAS.     It  is  made  of  a  thick  etout  writing  paper,  brotmed  by 

[time,  and  the  pages  ruled  with  red  lines  in  the  manner  of  aniricnl  intiuuscriptB.     It 

to  have  been  strongly  bound,  the  sections  stitched  on  thick  thungs  of  leather, 

IclosL-d  between  two  pieces  of  good  oak  plank,  covered  with  a  stout  hide,  and 

sk   and  sides  richly  rolled  and  stamped  with  roses  and  dragons.     The  volume 

i*ar«  to  have  had  cloiips,  but  at  present  is  semred  by  strong  silk  ties.     It  contains 

[177  folios. 

f  Johnaon,  in  his  Dictionary,  docs  not  seem  to  have  been  aware  of  this  derivation ; 

br  Ml}*,  "Liveryman,  a  freeman  of  some  standing  in   a  city  Company;"  but  the 

'li»ery  were  those  only  who  wore  the  hoodf  or  drr«ses  of  the  delirery  of  the  fraternity. 


164 


GUde  9f  Hahf  Cress,  Sfc.  at  Stratford  en-Avtm 


[Feb. 


{heir  accounts :  by  which  it  also  ap- 
pears that  their  table  was  most  pro- 
fusely spread ;  the  markets  poured  in 
their   stores    most    abundantly;    the 
neighbouring   parks   were,    with  the 
consent  of  their  owners,  put  under 
requisition,  and  horsemen  (there  were 
then   no   roads  for  wheel -carriages) 
were  sent  in  all  directions  for  dain- 
ties, and  particularly  to  the  sea-coast 
for  sea-fish.     The   delivery  or  non- 
delivery  of  the  Glide's  hood,  moreover, 
appears  in  some  instances  to  have  been 
a  matter  of  very  special  arrangement. 
An  important  feature  in  the  policy 
of  this  fraternity  was,  that  they  threw 
open  the  door  as  widely  as  possible 
for  the  admission  of  new  "  brethoryn 
and  Bustoryn."    Those  who  could  not 
produce  money  were  admitted  on  the 
production  of  an  eqaivalent  in  mo- 
ney's worth  ;  either  goods  or  personal 
service  to  the  Gilde.     In  this  way 
some  of  the  priests  obtained  admis- 
sion ;    although  in    other    instances, 
the  fines  paid  by  them  far  exceeded 
those  paid  by  the  laity.     Many  of  the 
manufacturers,  traders,   and  dealers, 
were  admitted  on  these  terms ;  under- 
taking, as  an  equivalent  for  the  usual 
fine,  to  erect  or  repair  buildings,  or 
furnish  supplies  at  the  feasts  and  pro- 
cessions, or  render  personal  services, 
either  occasionally  or  constantly,  as 
the  case  might  be. 

Another  remarkable  feature  in  their 
policy,  and  which  strikingly  illus- 
trates the  superstition  of  the  age 
in  which  this  Corporation  first  flou- 
rished, is  the  formal  admistion  to  the 
fraternity  of  the  Gilde  of  the  souls  t^f 
persons  deceased;  and  of  whom  many 
had  not,  and  some  of  them  could  not 
have  had,  the  capacity  to  enjoy  that 
privilege  while  they  were  living.  There 
is  one  entry  of  this  kind  on  folio  172, 
which  enumerates,  but  without  Chris- 
tian names,  six  persons  sumamed 
Whityngton,  the  children  of  John 
Whityngton  of  Stratford,  who  were 
all  admitted  to  the  benefit  of  the 
prayers  of  the  Gilde  for  10».  This 
entry  is  the  more  remarkable,  because 
it  is  found,  on  a  careful  inspection  of 
the  records  of  the  Gilde,  that  between 
the  years  1406,  when  the  ledger  com- 
mences, and  1529,  the  date  of  this 
entry,  some  cau^e,  aod  none  more 
probable  than  the  progress  of  the  re- 
formation of  religion,  had  operated 


very  anfavonrably  on  the  general  cre- 
dit and  interests  of  the  Gilde,  both  as 
a  civil  and  ecclesiastical  fraternity,  and 
as  there  appears  reason  to  believe,  the 
latter  more  particularly.  The  vakie  of 
an  incorporation  into  the  Gikle  had 
most  certainly  fallen  between  the  for- 
mer and  the  latter  of  the  above- mea- 
tioned  dates,  from  twenty  shillings  to 
twenty  pence,  and  the  average  nunv- 
ber  of  admissions  had  nevertheless  de- 
creased ;  and  although  the  practice  of 
enfranchising  souls,  as  compared  with 
the  numbers  of  living  persons  ad- 
mitted, had  apparently  increased 
within  the  same  period,  it  is  difficult 
to  account  for  the  falling  off  in  the 
aggregate  number  and  value  of  the 
admissions,  in  any  other  way  than  by 
supposing  that  the  Church  of  Rome 
having  gradually  lost  credit  with  the 

gublic,  and  been  compelled  to  let  go 
er  hold  on  the  minds  of  the  people  of 
this  and  other,  till  then,  Roman  Catho- 
lic states,  the  value  of  the  prayers  of 
such  a  fraternity  as  this  for  the  souls  of 
their  deceased  members,  had  decreased, 
and,  as  a  consequence  of  that  decrease, 
the  desire  for  incorporation  had  dimi- 
nished. 

Many  very  distinguished  persons 
appear  to  have  been  members  of  the 
Gilde,  including  George  Duke  of  Cla- 
rence and  Isabell  his  wife,  with  Eld- 
ward  Lord  Warwick,  and  Margaret, 
their  children,  who  were  admitted  in 
the  17th  year  of  the  reign  of  Edward 
the  IVth,  on  payment  of  a  fine  of  8 
marks. 

Not  the  least  extraordinary  of  the 
entries  in  the  Gilde  ledger,  is  to  be 
found  on  folio  177  (26  Henry  VIII.> 
of  which  the  following  is  a  translation : 
"  The  soule  of  Thomas,  foole  in  the 
family  of  the  Lady  Anne  Graye,  xxd." 

Females  are  recorded  to  have  been 
admitted  in  contemplation  of  matri- 
monv,  and  no  doubt,  as  a  qualification 
for  that  enviable  state ;  and  there  is 
otie  entry  of  a  clergyman  of  rank,  who 
for  reasons  not  assigned,  introduced  a 
female  called  "  Matilda  super  mon- 
tem." 

Among  the  services  for  which  the 
fine  was  occasionally  commuted,  were 
law  agency,  and  personal  services  in 
masonry,  in  carpentering,  in  glazing, 
in  cooking,  &c.  &c.  ;  and  among  the 
articles  of  value  which  were  given  in 
lieu  of  fines,  were  books,  chalices. 


'1835.1  GUdeofHoly  Cross,  SrC.  at  Stratford-on-Avon. 


165 


5,   vestments,  armour,  a  clock, 

with  lamb,  rams,  beasts,  aome 

>per,  &c.  &c.  &c. 

The  manuscripts  from  which  I  have 

)llecte«l  the  particulars  coDlained  in 

Ihe  foregoing  notes,  now  offered  to  you 

(or  the  inrormation  and  amusement 

(of  your  antir]uariau  readers^  contain 

Iniuch  more  that  is  curious  and  iltus- 

[irative  of  the  age  and  neighbourhood 

[to  which   they  relate  ;   but  the  above, 

rxrilh  the  subjoined   transcript  of  the 

t  constitutions  of  the  Gilde,  and  a  few 

tranalatcd    extracts    from    the   Gilde 

Wlger.  classed  under  different  heads, 

jnay  suffice  for  the  present. 

The  utility  of  this  and  similar  so- 
^cteties,  as  the  models  and  fnundatlon 
*of   the   popular   institutions    of   our 
country,  will  scarcely  admit  of  doubt ; 
nor  will  many  persons  be  disposed  to 
adroit,   even  at  the  present  moment, 
that  they  are  altoijelhcr  so  valueless 
as    to    be    (it    only   for   destruction. 
Whatever  abuses  have  crept  in,  oun^ht 
no  doubt  to  be  corrected  without  de- 
lay, and  means  devised  for  that  pur- 
pose.    The  effects  of  time  and  decay 
\  upon  them  ought  to  be  repaired ;  and 
in  mo«t  instances,  as  in  the  present, 
l'th»5  may  be  done  by  a  return  to  the 
original  institutions  (their  superstition 
rxceplcd;,   as   traceable   in  their    au- 
thentic records.     For  the  accomplish- 
ttDent  of  tliis  object,  it  is  to  be  hoped 
I  that  such  means  may  he  judiciously 
tmployed,  as  will  render  our  ancient 
loral  incorporations  still  valuable  as  a 
portioo  of  the  body  politic,    and  fit 
them  again  to  subserve  great  and  im- 

Eartant  purposes  in  the  neighbour- 
oods  in  which  they  exist. 
Many  of  the  uses  for  which  they 
Were  intended,  can  be  best  accom- 
plished by  such  local  institutions,  and 
some  of  them  are  almost,  if  not  alto- 
gether, impracticable,  by  means  of 
Urge  national  establishments.  Such 
arc  the  local  police ;  the  education  of 
the  whole  of  tJic  population  ;  and  the 
support  of  meritorious  age  declining 
into  jioverty.  Corporations  have  also 
been  found  very  serviceable  in  the 
promotion  and  extension  of  trade,  and 
m  the  improvement  of  some  of  our 
,  mimafactures.  All  these  important 
I  cods  may  still  be  promoted  by  them, 
iftfary  are  maiU*  sufliciently  accessible 
to  the  whole  population  of  a  district, 
>ul  inipropor  partiality  and  invi- 


dious  distinctions ;  and  if,  in  the  ad- 
ministration of  their  trusts,  they  are 
held  amenable  to  superior  jurisdic- 
tions, and  compelled  to  give  to  their 
transactions  due  publicity. 

Thob.  Fishes. 


CONSTITOTIONS  AND   OrDINA.NCBB  Of 

TUB  Gilde. 

/«  Dei  no'fe,  Amen.  Here  biigynneth  the 
VoiutUvcywit  and  ordinaunci/n  f<ir  the 
good  gon'naunce  and  revle  of  the  fiilde 
qfthe  Holy  Cros,  outre  Lady,  and  Seynt 
John  the  Baptist,  of  Stratford  rppon 
Atiene,  made  nrul  ordeynyd  the  Monday 
ne-ct  after  the  fe»t  of  the  trannlac'on 
of  Seynt  Thomas  the  Martir,  the  yere 
reyue  of  Kynge  Harry  the  Sixte  after 
the  Conquest  the  .irj'\  to  be  tsed  and 
had  from  thin  dayforewardii. 

In  the  furst,  for  the  rewle  and  the 
good  gou'naunce  of  all  the  prystis  of  the 
seyde  GOde,  thut  is  to  sey,  that  the  dy- 
vyue  s'ujce  and  all  devoeions  and 
prayfris  ordpynyd  and  f^niuntycl  by  the 
maystoris  of  the  Gilde,  Aldirmc'  and 
p'kittors  hisre  to  foryn  byn  ubs<>rvj'd  and 
kept  by  the  prnstya  of  the  acyd  Gilde, 
and  by  cury  of  them. 

As  to  the  farst  miisae,  that  to  be  by- 
gonne  at  vj  of  the  clok  in  the  morow,  or 
sone  vppon. 

The  secund  masse  to  be  bygonne  at  \'ij 
of  the  clok,  and  so  forth,  uC  viij  of  the 
cltik  the  thrydde  masse  to  be  hyg3rnne, 
and  at  ix  <jf  the  clok  the  iiijth  ma.<i)ie  to 
be  bygynne,  so  that  hit  be  don'  by  x  of 
the  clok. 

Ahio  yef  the  Maystirs,  Aldirmea,  and 
p'k'atoris  [procurators  or  proctors],  or 
eny  wortliy  brothir  of  the  GiiJc,  have 
node  lu  hu\ie  a  masse  er  the  owre  of  yj 
of  the  clok,  that  thenne  one  of  the 
])ry3tjs  be  redy  to  scy  a  masse  by  re- 
BOnabuU  warny'gj  to  fore. 

Also  the  same  prystys  as  hit  is  a  fore 
ordeytjj-J  (us  wel  by  the  Kyage  as  by 
Byschoppis,  that  buth  patronys  and 
fiiwnders  of  the  seyd  Gilde),  they  fcholl 
cty'n  and  drynke  to  gedir  in  on  hows, 
W  iane  the  Ktyd  Gilde,  but  yef  eny  law- 
full  cQW^c  let  hit,  and  also  lygge  in  ther 
chambarys  wt  inne  nyghtly,  that  buth 
aaynyd  for  hem,  and  eu'y  ny?t  in  wyntir, 
to  be  wyth  inne  at  vij  of  the  clok,  and  in' 
gomer  at  viij  of  the  clok,  and  as  for  thore 
nicte  dy^tynjfc,  and  thnr  ordynans  of  tber 
melys  w'  itinc  them  (the  maystir  schidl 
ordeyne  a  cook  to  dy;te  bit,  and  seme 
them  ther  of.)  tht-y  fyndynge  the  cook 
iiu'r<.'  and  drynke  aud  doth,  and  the 
miy.«tir»  to  pay  liim  his  huyrc. 

Also  the  same  prysti*  schuU  como  Iho 


I 


I 


166 


C^iutUution  of  the  Gilde  at  Slrat/ord'<m-AvoH, 


[Feb. 


fowre  pr3riicipa11  festia  to  the  purisscb 
chnrche,  and  be  there  at  p'cesaion  in  thor 
copjs  and  goon  in  to  the  qaere  in  thor 
sorplyss,  and  do  dyvyne  s'ayce  as  they 
owyn  to  do,  and  there  abyde  til  masse  be 
don',  savynge  that  on'  pryste  that  abydyth 
at  home  to  do  dyvyne  s'uyce  to  the  pore 
pepull  and  impotent. 

Also  the  same  prystes,  vhenne  eny 
brothir  or  sustir  is  ded,  in  the  day  of  hys 
buryenge  they  schall  gon'  wt  the  prystis 
of  the  collage  togedir  in  ther  sirphce,  to 
brynge  the  coors  to  churche,  and  there 
abyde  tiU  masse,  and  buryenge  be  don  w* 
all  the  dylygena  and  obseroaunce  that 
they  can  do. 

Also  the  seyd  pryitis  schnlnot  goon 
to  no  trakys,  nor  in  to  the  contrey,  to 
Bey  no  masse,  ne  in  no'  othir  wyse  w* 
oatyn*  leve  of  the  Maystirs  and  sume  of 
the  Aldirme'. 

Also  yef  eny  Toyse  or  disdaimder  be 
on'  eny  of  the  seyd  pryttys  of  mysdrawj* 
more  in  to  eny  snspecins  place  then  in 
to  an'  other,  that  vppon  wamy'ge  by  the 
Maystirs  that  he  leve  hitt,  or  ellis  to 
Toyde  his  seniyce. 

Also  whenne  eny  pore  man  or  womman 
is  ded  in'  the  almys  rewe,  the  seyd  prysts 
to  be  redy  to  brynge  the  coors  to  churche, 
and  there  to  abyde  till  hit  be  buryed. 

OuYR  MORK,  As  for  the  good  gou'- 
naunce  and  rewle  as  of  the  maystirs  of 
the  seyd  Gilde,  ffnrst  as  for  ther  elec'con, 
that  it  be  don  after  the  forme  and  espe- 
ciall  grawnte  of  the  Kyngya  p'genytonr*, 
and  the  confirmac'on  of  the  Kynge  that 
now  is,  as  wythinne  hem  pleuorlych  hit 
is  contejrnyd,  and  so  forth,  of  p'kators 
yerelych  to  be  had,  and  Aldyrmen,  as  hit 
is  in  the  same  conteynyd. 

And  the  chaunge  of  the  Maysters,  Al« 
dirmen,  and  p'kators  yerelych  to  be  had, 
as  hit  is  conteynyd  in  the  same  chartorys, 
but  yef  hit  seme  or  be  more  p'fitabull  to 
kepe  stille  the  same  by  avyse  and  aaent 
of  the  most  worthy  brethoryn'  lordys, 
knyghtys,  and  sqnyert,  yef  they  wolen  be 
p'sent,  and  so  of  Oxe  p'kators  and  alder- 
men.' 

Also  hit  is  ordeynyd  that  the  Mayster 
schall  reseyue  no  brethoryn,  nor  susteryn 
out  of  the  p'sens  of  the  Aldermen  or 
tweyne  of  hem  at  the  lest,  and  the  clerke 
to  enter  hit,  and  that  the  ly3t  seluyr  be 
not  p'donyd  nor  relesid  in  no  gyse  ;  and 
that  he  take  soffisaunt  sewerte  for  the 
paymentis,  and  that  to  be  payd  w'  inne 
the  yere,  vppon'  peyne  to  be  dettur  ther 
of  hym  selfe. 

Also  hit  is  ordeyned  that  the  p'kators 
schull  reseyue  the  lyjt  silver,  and  ther  of 
make  dewe  and  trewe  acconnte,  and  make 
the  expencc  there  as  hit  is  nedefull. 

.\l80  the  p'kators  schull  reseyvyn  all 


the  rcntis  longynge  to  tlie  same  OQde, 
and  ther  w*  pay  the  prystis  ther  sdarie  at 
the  termjrs,  as  hit  longyth  to  them,  the 
mayst'  del3rn'nge  him  a  rentall. 

Also  the  seyd  p'kators  schall  haoe  the 
gou'naunce  and  charge  of  the  rep'ac'on 
of  all  the  teneme't}  that  longyn  to  the 
same  gilde  by  ou'syjt  of  the  mayster  and 
alle  the  Aldirmen  eu'y  yere  twyes,  to  the 
whiche  they  schull  be  sworyn  in  especyaU 
to  be  don' ;  and  yef  die  rentis  wolnot  snf- 
fise  to  pay  the  prystis,  and  make  the  re- 
pa'con,  die  maystir  schall  of  his  othir 
p'quysitis  delyn'  to  the  same  p'kato'n 
money  suffisaunt  to  the  sati8ftu;con*  of  the 
rep' aeon'. 

Also  the  p'kators  schull  make  the  pur* 
vyaunce  for  the  festis  and  dyners  that 
schull  be  had  and  made  for  the  p'fyte  of 
this  place  by  avyse,  supportacon*  and 
helpe  of  the  maystirs  for  the  tyme,  and 
all  the  Aldermen,  and  to  the  costu  titer  of 
there  as  nessessaryis  the  maystirs  (yef 
the  p'kators  have  not  wher  of)  schall 
delyu'  hym  of  the  perquyijrtis  of  the 
place. 

Also  the  maystir  schall  make  at  eu'y 
quarter  of  the  yere  a  day  of  councell,  hav- 
ynge  there  all  his  Aldirme'  and  othir 
worthy  brethoryn,  yef  ther  be  cauae  of 
nede  there  for  to  comyn  of  all  maters 
that  byn  at  that  time  nessessary  for  the 
place,  and  that  all  the  Aldirmen  by  re- 
sonabull  wamynge,  and  evene  be  there 
redy  Jchone  of  hem,  vppon  peyne  to  pay 
to  die  seyd  Gilde  eu'y  of  hem  that  maketh 
defaute,  xld. ;  but  yef  he  haue  a  reson* 
ahull  cause  of  excuse,  and  that  to  be 
areysid  w*  out  eny  grace. 

Also  the  Maystir  schall  eu'y  yere  or- 
deyn  cloth  for  hodynge,  but  yef  dier  be  a 
cause  notabull  that  myit  tame  the  place 
to  gret  harme,  and  for  his  hodynge  he  to 
make  purviaunce  by  tyme  to  the  most 
p'fyte  of  the  place ;  and  that,  by  the  avice 
of  alle  his  Aldirmen',  and  that  he  charge 
not  the  place  wt  no  charge,  and  no  diynge 
do  that  may  be  hurt  to  tiie  place  without 
avice  and  sent  of  all  his  Aldirmen. 

And  also  hit  is  ordeynyd  that  the  p'ka- 
tors schull  warne  all  brethor3rn  and  sus- 
toryn  that  the  day  of  the  feast  to  foryn 
the  tyme  of  the  hyje  masse,  they  by'n  at 
the  maystorys  hows,  and  fechyn  hym  to 
churche,  the  prystis  of  the  Gilde  metynge 
hym  at  the  cros  at  the  chapell  dore,  w' 
hor  cros  and  baner,  and  in  ther  surplic' 
and  copis,  yef  the  wedir  wol  schape. 

Also  that  ther  be  an  Inuentory  made  of 
alle  the  godys  of  howsold  that  longyth  to 
the  place  of  the  seyd  Gilde,  and  thenne 
by  endenture  delyuy'd  to  the  p'kators  of 
this  yere,  and  so  from  yere  in  to  yere, 
and  from  p'kator  to  p'kator,  and  the 
same  Inuentory  to  be  leyde  in  the  tre- 


1835.]     Gtlde  at  StratJord-on-Avon. — Anglo-Saxon  Controversi/.         J  67 


90Xjt  for  record,  yef  eny  be  lost  to  clmrgc 

rthe  p'kators  ther  wyth,  in  who:*  tjme  hit 

is   lust,  and  that  hit  be   delyu'yd  a  day 

>thir  loo  to  foryn'  the  day  of  ncountyH. 

AIm  hit  ia  ordeynyd  that  no  brothir 

p>e  cbonyn  Aldinnau,  but  yef  be  be  |i'ka- 

to  foryn,  and  that  no   brother  nor 

tter  haue  no  seniice  of  mete  to  ther 

9mMji  OD  the  fe«st  day  wyth  out  forth, 

>at  f  ef  he  be  lo  aeeke  that  he  may  not 

UiehaUe. 

hit  ia  aTuid  and  ordeynyd  that 
rothir  and  snstir  tliat  svball  be  re- 
in to  this  frat'nyte  be  sworya  in 
unne  that  aewyth. 
Pforat,  he  schall  be  aworyn'  that  be 
sehall  trewly  pay  his  fyn',  and  that  wyth 
iane  the  yere  or  yeres  a^ede,  and  his 
lj;t  seluer ;  Kcundarilych,  he  achail  be 
fworyn  tliat  be  schrtll  be  good  and  trcwe 
to  this  place,  and  trewlych  the  p'fite  ther- 
of  by  his  power  abette  and  atoryn'  to  lh« 
p'fite  tfaerof,  and  also  yef  eny  delnite 
hUe  by  twene  faym  and  eny  of  hia  bre> 
thoryn'  of  the  seyd  Gildc,  he  schal)  come 
to  the  Maystir,  and  complayne  hyni  of 
hia  grcuauncc,  so  that  the  Maystir  miiy 
make  ende  hy  twene  liytn  and  iiis  iiu''snry. 
And  that  he  schall  sene  elo'  of  his  bre- 
tborrn  in'  no  court  w'  out  Icve  of  the 
Maystir  and  the  Aldirinen',  uppon  peyne 
to  pay  to  the  9eyd  Glide,  xxn. ;  and  that 
Urwly  to  be  payd,  or  eUis  to  voyde  liis 
brothirhode. 

Following  the  above,  is  a  note  of 
reference  to  the  charter  for  the  con- 
duct of  the  election  and  the  distribu- 
tion of  alnui.  and  then  in  a  more  mo- 
dern hand  the  following,  from  which 
it  appears  that  the  evils  of  fapouritiam 
and  undue  partiality  are  not  altuge- 
ther  of  modem  date ;  but  that  they 
had  grown  up  in  thia  ancient  frater- 
aity  tKsfore  the  Reformation,  and  that 
■leaas  were  then  devised  for  the  re- 
4n»»  of  them. 

And  for  as  morhe  as  grcte  inconve- 
MBS  and  hurt  hatlte  t^en  to  this  ycld 
by  pryrate  affcccon  and  grawnte  of  (he 
llaater,  and  parte  of  his  brethren,  and 
BOtt  doon  by  the  goode  mynde,  wyll,  and 
aaaent  of  the  said  Master  and  all  hia  Al- 
dretnen,  arcordyng  as  hit  is  of  old  tyrne 
ofdrynyd. 

Therfure  for  reformacon  therof,  and 
for  th«  com'on  wele  of  the  Gild  afors'', 
IgC  ia  folly  condexfc'did,  concluded  and 
a^Tvyd  to  Ije  establisshed,  and  formerly 
kf^  from  heoB  forth,  by  John  brigbt- 
•»*II,  then  master  of  the  yeld,  to  wcte, 
dw  txj  da;  in  May,  in  the  yere  of  our 
lofd  fod  PB'^■<',  and  by  Ric  bentley,  Ric 


bogy,  John  bedyll,  Thorn's  handya, 
Thorn's  My^liell,  John  Sauiwell,  Wiirm 
bogy,  and  Edmood  barker,  then  ahlcr- 
ineu  of  the  saroc  yeld. 

That  no  mauer  of  g'unte  nor  lese  of 
land  nor  tcne't,  by  endent',  nor  takyng 
in  of  any  preest,  acolmaster  or  other,  or 
any  such  cause  chargeable  to  the  place, 
be  doon  or  jaunted  w'^'oute  thff  full  as- 
sent, cQuucell,  and  a^reetne't  of  the  «eid 
Master,  and  all  the  Aldermen  that  now 
beth,  and  also  for  all  such  as  hereafter 
shalle  fur  the  tyme  beyng,  in  payiie  of  v/i. 
to  be  leveyd  rppon  him  and  his  goudes, 
w"'oute  pardon,  to  wcte,  the  money  of 
all  such  forfeit  or  books  to  goo  to  com'on 
boxu  of  the  seid  gild. 

And  the  same  day  and  tyme  hit  waa 
agreyd  bi  the  seid  master,  and  oldremen, 
that  the  p'vate  g'unte  of  rad"  a  yere 
gevyn  ovte  to  S'  harry  barnes,  preest, 
under  the  tseale  of  the  yeld,  in  tyme  of 
Miirm  Jeffs,  master,  ahalbe  revoked  and 
called  in  a  geyn,  for  aamoche  as  h*  was 
not  doun  by  comcn  ossc't  of  all  the  AU 
ilremen  then  bej'ng,  and  her  vppon  the 
seid  S'r  harry  is  wArned  ovt  of  the  acid 
yeld  ayenst  Myghclm's  ncjt ;  and  then 
he  to  eatyr  ia  to  the  rome  of  the  scole- 
maater  here  takyug  bis  old  sclary  of  x/. 
by  yere,  yeif  be  doo  hb  dcirtee  io  tech- 
yng ;  and  the  scokmoster  that  nowe  ia 
to  be  warned  at  Mydsom'  next,  to  avoide 
his  s'rvice  at  Mygh^m'a. 

The  extracts  from  the  Glide  Ledger 
will  appear  in  a  future  Namber. 


I 
I 


Mr.  Urban,  Oxford,  Jan.  13, 

IT  must  be  very  important  for  your 
readers  to  know  that  Mr.  Kemble  i» 
n  Whiff ;  or  why  does  he  boast  of 
his  Whiggish  views  in  your  Number 
for  December }  Surely  the  eyotUm  he 
has  fihown  in  that  letter,  and  all  his 
productirins,  cannot  always  charac-  h 
tcrize  the  \Vhig»  ?  H 

Mr.  Keniblc  makes  a  great  parade  ™ 
of  the  "strengthening  and  purifying 
effect  which  the  reading  of  Beowulf 
has  upon  his  heart."  Does  he  show 
the  purity  of  his  heart  by  reversing 
the  wholesome  ada|2;G  of  "  de  mortuit 
nil  nisi  bonuni"'  Had  he  known  the 
late  J.  J.  Conybeare,  Professor  of 
Poetry  and  Anglo-Saxon,  Mr.  Kemble 
roust  have  acknowledged  that  he  was 
a  scholar,  gentleman,  and  Christian. 
To  say  he  was  perfect^  would  be  too 
moch  ;  but  his  scholarslup  is  register- 
ed among  the  honourably  dtstingnish- 
ed  in  the  archives  of  this  University.! 


Domestic  Expences  in  Ireland,  temp.  Charles  II. 


[Feb. 


Afld  again,  in  bis  letter  in  I>ec.  p.  601 
—605,  8up|josing  that  all  Kemble'a 
remarks  upon  the  version  of  J.  J. 
Conybeare  were  correct,  which  they 
are  not,  what  do  they  prove,  only 
what  our  lamented  friend  would  have 
readily  acknowledged,  that  in  some 
points  he  failed.  The  same  may  be 
aaid  of  Mr.  Turner,  Cardale,  Dr.  In- 
gram, &c.  WHit-n  John  M.  Kcrable 
has  written  half  what  these  gentU>meii 
httvp  publi«hed,  he  wilt  see  enough  of 
his  own  real  trrors  to  make  hira  lenient 
towards  the  orpraiifhts  of  othcra. 

Why  docs  he  criticise  Me  (fptid, 
wlicri  there  are  so  many  living  Anglo- 
Saxon  schoIarH  ubk*  to  defend  theni- 

ivcs  f     Is  it  because  he  knows  they 

iD  no  longer  do  so  } 

Why  docs  he  call  upon  me  so 
loudly,  to  show  that  he  has  com- 
mitted errors  in  his  tranUatioHs  ?  U  it 
because  he  knows  I  can  scarcely  find 
a  single  sentence  of  his,  John  M. 
Kembic  not  huvio;;  yet  published  any 
translation  of  his  long  promjsed  Beo- 
wulf, or  of  any  oilier  author?  All  I 
[jroiiiised  to  prove,  1  luiiv  prvvfd,  and 
by  K.'a  own  confession — that  he  began 
M  Work,  tlic  punctuation  and  even  the 
occeatuation  of  which  he  did  not  un- 
derstand, until  he  had  proceeded  far 
in  the  printing  of  it. 

Mr.  Kemble  boldly  accuses  the  Ox- 
ford Professors,  and  all  otlier  Anglo- 
Saxon  scholars,  of  the  "  most  incom- 
petent ignorance."  He,  however,  ex- 
cepts the  late  Mr.  Price,  and  odds, 
*■  And  why?  Because  Price's  know- 
ledge was  gained  in  the  same  school 
asTHOBPE's  and  MY  own."  (Note  to 
Gent.  Mag.  1S34,  p.  602.)  Mndfut 
John  Kemble  !  So  all  are  "  i^nor«i«/" 
and  worthy  of  "  contrm})t,"  who  have 
not  studied  with  him  or  in  his  school; 
even  Sharon  Turner,  Cardale,  &c. 

i  hear  the  Pitt  Press  has  undertaken 
an  edition  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Gos- 
pels, prepared  by  Messrs.  Kemble  and 
Thorpe,  aiid  loaded  with  innumerable 
accents  not  found  in  die  MSS.  Can 
ibis  be  true  ? 

Yours,  &c.  T.  W. 


Mr.  Urban, 
THE  following  brief  extracts  were 
fijpicd  by  me  from  a  manuscript  writ- 
un  between  the  years  I670  and  1G8I, 


by  a  reverend  gentleman  of  the  esta- 
bli<-bed  Church,  then  holding  two 
livings  in  the  See  of  Connor.  These 
notices  exhibit  the  prices  of  clothing, 
wages,  and  almost  every  article  of  life 
at  that  period  ;  and  the  old  gentleman 
probably  kept  a  good  table,  as  the 
Earl  of  Antrim  appears  to  have  been 
several  times  his  guest  -,  on  those  oc- 
casiona  his  extra  cxpcnccs  are  parti- 
cularly mentioned.  S.  M.  S. 

"  l<;72.  Bought  from  William  Gregg 
all  my  liny,  nt  I  2d.  the  lurse. — A  pair  of 
shoes  to  my  brother  John,  2*,  6d. — Paid 
for  ^iUlb.  sank  huttt-r.  and  23lb.  of 
cLeese,  4*.  llrf. — Nov.  19,  hired  Eduiond 
M'Garrel  for  half  a  year ;  bis  wage4S  lf>#., 
a  pair  of  tthtves,  and  a  {Niir  of  stockings ; 
and  gave  hiin  M.  for  a  pair  of  stockings, 
and  \J!.  id.  to  buy  a  shirt. 

"  1673.  To  James  Linton,  servant,  to 
buy  a  hat,  U.  4d.  —  Paid  for  a  boll  of 
inkle,  Ed. — For  a  boll  of  com,  6» — To 
Andrew  M' Bride,  for  making  1 2  half  bar- 
rels, nt  4rf.  [H;r  pair. 

"  1(JH.  Bought  ..'i  bolls  of  barley,  1" 
pecks  to  the  boll,  at  lti#.  per  boll. — For 
a  pottle  of  sock ,  4«.  Hd. ;  for  half  a  pound 
of  tobacco,  ad. — Paid  for  a  lep  of  mut- 
ton, "id. — For  a  quart  of  brandie,  2*.  Id, 
— For  22  ribbsi  of  oak  timber,  3».  %d. — 
Spent  at  a  rowet,  1*. — For  a  pair  of  stock* 
ings,  9rf. — Fur  4  §chorc  barrals  lyme, 
2/.  6f .  lU— Paid  for  '2  hatts,  .-in.— For  a 
sdiuont,  Ik.  3d. — An  ell  of  hoUand,  .1». 
— For  .1  liolL*  uiault,  :U. — For  4  pottles 
claret,  and  i  pottles  brandie,  1B«. — Aug, 
19,  for  a  lUO  herring,  1*  lOd.— To  Mary 
Gilyen  for  a  fait  beef,  U. — To  serve  a 
pros*  against  John  Taggart,  fi#.  Gd. — For 
B  yard  of  caligo  lain,  2».  6d. — For  two 
hens,  9rf._For  10  foot  and  a  h»lf  nf 
glass,  a*.  9d.  —  To  Alexander  Mdler, 
mason,  for  5  days  work,  1«.  ^rf.— For  4 
days  work  for  thatduag,  and  peving,  ir. 
—To  Pat.  M'Aravie  for  2  days  work,  -tf, 
—Nov.  9,  sold  S  casks  of  butter  at  Cole. 
raine.  th«  one  4  srhore.  and  the  other  3 
Bchore  lilb,  at  Hit.  the  100.— To  ploiwk. 
mg  51  wrr»  of  UtkI,  k;,.  (jrf. 

"  107:..  A  >klr  nf  Iftmb,  If,  04d.— For 
A  yard.  ar,w.t,  Hd.-To  John  Sterm. 

T^'iT •  i^fc.?"'"**  *  "Ji«g«=oat,  64rf.- 
To  D.TW  hiiow-„.  .hocmaker,  for  9d.y. 
work.  .)*  -^P.rr7  y»rdi  »„d  «  hidfe  tcirt. 
,ng,  .9*.  «rf  -For  .i  fl,kin.,  U^d.-S^ 

to  my  wij,  u.  M.^To  .deive  the  <mm- 
lord  of  Aatrtu  U«  •in     *       \  T"*"  "^ 

VMmmmm^t^    ■       ?«  "n  hi«  way  »• 

yZ^^A  ''''—Worr  for  14  potdM 
of  bMf«,  aad  .  .jwrl  uf  brandie,  3«V        ' 


I 


I 


1835.1 


169 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


TIf  Autobioffrapky    of   a    Disteniing 
AIiHister.     l?mo. 

THIS  little  work  has  interested  us 
much.     We  wt-re  not  altogether  un- 
acqaainted  with  th?  terms  in  which 
the  Dissenting  t"lerg>'  stand  with  their 
congregation  ;  but  wc  never  had  t}ic 
details     so     minutely     and     forcibly 
brtjught  before  us,  as  in  tiie  present 
volume,    whirh    is    written    in    good 
taste  and  good  feeling,  '  nothing  ex- 
tenuating,  and  setting  down  nought 
in  malice.'     But  the  picture    it   pre- 
•ents  of  the  vulear  and  low  assump- 
tion, the   hypocritical  pretences,  the 
mean   and  prying  curiosity,  and  the 
wretched  and  debased  religious  prin- 
ciples of  the  Dissenting  congregations, 
together  with  the  dependent  and  ab- 
ject {situation  of  the  Clergy,  we  have 
no  hcaitatioD  in  saying,  is  utterly  dis- 
graceful to  the  Dissenters.     Strong  as 
tbis  representation  is,  it  cannot  be  ac- 
cused of  being  the  work  of  an  enemy  ; 
it  cannot  be  met  with  the  reply  that 
it  is  founded  in  ignorance  of  facts,  or 
that   it   is  the   offspring   of  Fratema 
Odia, — of  the  dislike  that  Churchmen 
would  feel  to  those  that  first  urged  a 
'  bt'Uum  plusquam  civile  '  against  the 
irent  Church ;  but  it  is  a  statement  of 
ir  own.  the  declaration  of  a  minis- 
bred  in  their  Church ;    it  is  the 
fa\    of  a    familiar    friend;    it   is 
soest  witness  of  one  who  suffer- 
nnder  the  evils  he  so  forcibly  de- 
ibes.    The  tyranny  that  the  Dis- 
raters  exercise  over  their  pastors, — 
ital,  vulgar,  mischievous,  and  un- 
christian,—  is  discloived  in  this  book 
a  manner  the  most  forcible  and  con- 
•viDcing;  and  wc  sincerely  hope  tliat 
it  will  reach  their  hearts  and   con- 
^•cieDces,   and    revealing  to  th^m  the 
the   injustice,   and   cruelty   of 
lieir   conduct,    rebuke   them   with   a 
)ice   which  cannot  be  controled.  — 
the  Preface,  the  author  bears  this 
bttmony  to  the  Elstabtished  Church  : 

"  lie  in  perfectly  lusured  that  UiAMat, 
||kkd  enntq^li  as  it  in,  woald  be  yet  worse, 
|tr«rc  it  uot  for  the  existence  and  opera- 
lion  uf  the  Ejstiiilished  Church  ;  nnd,  so 
far  as  religious  libcTty  is  conccriuHl,  there 
Gbxt.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


is  more  of  that  under  the  mlc  and  ascend- 
ancy of  the  Protectant  Establishment, 
than  there  would  be  under  the  domiaa- 
tion  of  any  one  sect  of  Dissenters.  Were 
the  Estabbshinent  to  he  destroyed,  there 
would  presently  be  a  struggle  among  the 
sects  for  dominion  and  power ;  and  secu- 
lar enougl*  a*  Di.-iseut  nlrt-ady  is,  it  wotdd 
become  greatly  more  so,  if  the  vast  fabric 
of  the  Church  were  deroolialied." 

The  point  most  forcibly  urged  in 
this  work,  is  the  disposition  of  the 
Dissenters  to  grow  weary  of  their 
ministers  ;  their  habit  of  dismissing 
them  without  providing  for  thcra  a 
future  maintenance,  and  putting  in 
their  stead  new  and  showy  orators. 
The  author  mentions  one  congrega- 
tion, who  in  his  memory  had  thrice 
dismissed  their  pastors,  '  for  very 
weariness,'  after  a  tried  and  approved 
ministry  of  several  yean.  He  show* 
the  utter  cruelty  of  it.  in  the  case  of 
n  very  worthy  pcraoD,  so  situated,  be- 
ing unable  to  find  another  cha|>el  that 
would  receive  him,  though  he  was  a 
worthy  and  experienced  minister,  and 
almost  reduced  to  parish  aid  ;  and, 
lastly,  he  notices  the  late  case  of  Mr. 
Fox  of  Finsbury  Chapel,  and  he  prints 
the  letter  which  Mr.  Fox  addressed  to 
hiis  congregation  on  the  subject.  His 
own  autobiography  also  enters  into 
some  very  curious  details  of  the  im- 
perfect and  most  superficial  education 
of  the  Dissenting  Clergy.  —  Had  a 
Churchman  openly  declared,  that  not 
only  the  candidates  for  orders,  but 
the  examining  masters  among  the 
Dissenters,  could  not  even  construe 
an  ode  of  Horace  without  Smart's 
translation ;  and  did  not  even 
know  the  metres  in  which  they 
were  written ;  he  would  have  been 
dubbed  a  slanderer,  or  at  best 
writing  in  ignorance  of  his  subject! 
but  here  we  have  the  open  avowal 
one  who  himself  acted  in  all  the  sccnef  J 
he  describes,  and  his  teetimony  cannot 
be  overthrown. 

"  Having  (ji.  17)  got  through  the  coDif  j 
ftruing    (i.  e.    the   first   otie  of  Horace) 
with  so  much  eclat,   I  was  eniboldened, 
when  llic  examiner  ^nid,  *  Pray,  Sir,  did 

z 


Review. — Autobiography  of  a  Dissenting  Minister.         [Feb- 

no  waking  man  would  think  of  under 
other  circumstinces.  I  well  remember 
the  difli(!uUy  with  which  mauT  suppress- 
ed fhe  actual  explosion  of  loud  laughter, 
while  almu!it  every  side  wag  shaking." 

It  may  perhaps  be  quite  unoeces- 
sary  to  inform  our  readers,  of  \he  po- 
lUicttl  sentinrents  of  these  youog  Je- 
romes and  ChrysoBtoms  ;  but  they 
varied  into  every  shade  and  gradation 
of  opinion,  from  the  whig  down  to  the 
conceited  and  roaring  democrat.  Their 
deiKcd  heroes  were  T<im  Paine  and 
Dr.  Price,  and  Charles  Fox,  and 
Home  Tooke,  and  Sir  Franciit  Bur- 
dett.  "  The  only  matter,"  he  ob- 
servoa,  "  in  which  the  Dissenters  are 
at  all  exresaive.  is  in  radicalism.  They 
are  really  outrageoua  in  what  they 
are  pleased  to  call  a  love  of  liberty.  I 
speak  not  of  all,  but  of  a  very  great 
part."  Of  the  violent  demands  which 
the  Diiisentera  are  ruakint;  to  be  ad- 
mitted into  the  Universities,  onr  an- 
thor  (and  ihi'ir  hrothfr)  asserts  that  it 
arises  from  two  causes.  One,  the 
crinsciousness  that   their  own  niinis- 


yon  at  your  school   learn  the   metres?' 

and    fearleasly  replied,    *  Mr.   did 

not  think  metres  of  much  use'  At  thia 
reply  of  mine,  I  thought  at  the  time,  and 
have  had  greater  reason  to  think  so  pince, 
my  examiner  felt  sooiewhal  relieved,  and 
ho  replied  with  great  alacrity, '  I  am  quite 
of  his  opinion  ;  and,  I  believe,  at  the  col- 
lege where  you  are  going,  the  »ame  opi- 
nion is  entertained.  Some  pedantic  in- 
dividualii  have  occasionally  endeavoured 
to  introduce  into  our  seminaries  of  learn' 
ing,  an  attention  to  these  trifles,  but  good 
tound  tente  hau  got  the  better  of  theue 
pedantt.  Indeed,  Sir,  what  can  we  know 
of  the  Latin  quantity  ?'" 

When  he  weot  to  the  College,  he 
•ays, 

•*  We  read  Sophocles,  we  read  Plato, 
we  read  Longinue,  we  read  Aristotle ; 
but  wo  knew  no  more  of  Ibesc  authora 
after  we  read  them,  than  we  did  before  ; 
for  we  merely  moile  an  attempt  to  eon- 
itme  the  text  by  the  help  of  the  Latin 
venion  at  the  bottom  of  the  page.  I 
found  Smart's  Horace,  and  Davidson'a  V'ir. 
gil,  quite  as  greot  favourites  at  this  seat 
of  learuint;,  Rs  they  had  been  at  the  rlaM- 
sicol  and  commercial  seminary.  Prosody 
ako  was  by  no  means  popular  at  this  in- 
stitution. The  Greek  metres  were  never 
once  named.  I  huve  nince  ascertained, 
what  I  then  suspected,  that  t)ie  managers 
of  this  institution,  by  way  of  econonii?.ing 
their  resources,  hired  the  cheapttt  das- 
deal  tutors  they  could  get ;  for  they  knew 
that  there  was  an  English  translation  of 
every  Latin  author,  and  a  Latin  version 
of  every  Greek  book,  and  they  took  it 
for  granted,  that  some  way  or  other  the 
English  of  both  might  be  acquired." 

The  great  object  of  the  preceptors 
appears  to  be  to  teach  the  youths  the 
habit  or  knack  of  extemporaneous 
preaching. 

"  I  remember,"  says  the  author,  "  even 
now,  with  a  painful  and  mortifying  dis- 
tinctness, several  scenes  in  which  devo- 
tion haa  been  turned  into  diversion. 
VNqaMtly  would  some  triHing  novice, 
fblgetdlig  what  he  had  learnt  by  heart, 
abruptly  ]>ause  in  the  midst  of  bis  prayer, 
painfully  exerting  his  recollection,  to 
gather  up  the  broken  thread  ;  nnd  fre- 
quently would  some  inexperienced  youth, 
trusting  to  his  power  of  cjitem{H>rizing, 
fluently  commence  with  a  hold  nnd  slendy 
effusion  of  devotional  common -places; 
tlien  suddenly  woold  be  become  confused, 
forgetting  what  be  had  said,  and  perhaps 
repeating  it.  or  becoming  more  bewilder- 
ed, would  ramble  into  all  manner  of  in- 
coherences,   and  talk  such   nonsense  as 


ters,  though  nut  absolutely  ignorant, 
are  very  superficial,  and  vcrj'  shallow 
in  their  gener&l  arguments;  and  the 
other  feeling  is,  that  they  are  marked, 
and  so  far  degraded,  by  tlic  exclusion 
from  academical  honours. 

"  Yet  1  must  say,  that  if  they  were  ad- 
mitted til  the  honours,  and  excluded  from 
the  prulits  of  the  UniTersities,  tliey  would 
feel  the  degradation  much  more,  and 
would  make  a  murh  louder  cry  about 
grievances.  If  I  may  be  ji^nuitted  to 
use  a  somewhat  ludicrous  comparison,  I 
would  sny  that  the  Dissenters  being  bare- 
footed, are  cryini;  for  shoes,  which  shoes, 
when  they  get  them,  will  pinch  their  feet, 
and  then  they  will  cry  more  louiUy  and 
iraportunaJcly  than  ever, — not  to  get  rid 
of  the  shoes,  but  to  have  them  cut, 
stretched,  and  distorted  for  their  own 
use  and  accommodation;  and  then  the 
shoes  will  be  spoilt." 

The  unripe  hopes,  and  early  vanity 
of  the  author,  when  he  first  entered 
the  pulpit,  arc  whimsically  told  :  and 
his  disappointments  when,  thinking 
himself  on  the  pinnacle  of  fame,  he 
found  himself  seated  at  the  bottom. 
He  had  great  hopes  of  a  certain  chapel, 
having  preached,  and  drank  tea,  and 
gossiped,  and  talked  and  flattered,  and 
done  ail  that  was  expected  of  a  candi- 
date ;  when  he  was  told  that  he  was 


I 


1833,]       Review. — Autobiography  of  a  Dissenting  Minister. 


objected  to.  as  Mrs. who  sub- 

ecribed  ten  guineas  a- year,  and  whose 
word  was  a  law,  said  be  was  too 
talkative,  and  her  daughter  eaid  he 
was  a  great  pawky.  The  attention 
and  visits  that  are  expected  from  mi* 
nUterd  are  told  to  the  life  (vide  p.  8, 
9,  and  19)>  The  criticisms  of  the 
grocer's  eldttt  davjhler,  the  deaf  old 
lady  on  the  right  of  the  pulpit,  who 
complained  that  he  whispered  ;  and 
the  nervous  young  lady  on  the  left, 
who  declared  that  he  roared ;  the  old 
gentleman  who  said  he  spoke  too  fast, 
and  the  young  gentleman  who  thought 
his  utterance  too  slow  ;  the  school- 
master who  said  he  detected  him  in 
the  improper  use  of  the  aspirate  \ 
tho»e  who  complained  he  was  too 
metupbysical,  and  those  who  asserted 
he  was  not  sufficiently  scriptural  ; 
some  who  said  he  was  too  florid,  and 
some  who  thought  him  tame  and  bald : 
some  who  found  out  that  he  read  Wal- 
ter Scott,  and  others,  that  he  mixed 
gin-and-water  after  supper.  All  these 
wer«  among  the  agrtmem  of  the  voca- 
tion he  had  assumed  in  the  town  of 

K .    This  said  town,   like   most 

others,  was  infested  with  gossip. 
Against  this,  the  zeal  of  our  young 
minister  showed  itself  in  the  shape  of 
a  sermon ;  but  woe  to  his  mistaken 
motives  !  A  thousand  porcupines  ap- 
peared  in  every  street,  everj'  mouth 
darted  quills  at  him.  Even  his  fa- 
vourite young  lady,  the  eldest  daugh- 
ter of  the  grocer,  reddened  with  iudig-. 
A4lion  when  she  saw  him,  and  re- 
buked him  for  deserting  tht  sublime 
troths  of  the  Gospel  for  heathen  mo- 
rality of  the  poorest  and  most  meagre 
kind.  'Beside,'  said  she,  'how could 
you  think  of  preaching  against  a  fault 
of  which  you  roust  know  some  of  the 
congregation  are  guilty .'' 

"  It  wu  my  bitfiness  (says  the  author), 
anil  it  «a»  no  siarcure,  to  culUvate  the 
good  will  of  all  those  people  whom  I 
have  deacritx'il,  and  a  great  many  more 
whom  I  have  not  described,  in  order  to 
secure  n)T«clf  the  reversion  of  a  situation 
worth  about  130/.  per  matum,  and  this 
oolar}'  waa  only  to  be  enjoyed  as  long  as  1 
should  i^ive  general  satisfaction  ;  for 
tbmi|>h  a  dissenting  minister,  when  once 
elected  by  a  coni^regation,  cannot  be  by 
them  legally  diiiinisitcci,  yet  it  is  in  the 
power  of  any  of  th<>  individuals  of  the 
coBgregation  to  u-ithdraw  tkemielm  and 


their  tuhscripliont,  and  to  to  tiarve  a 
minvfter  out,  as  the  phrase  is.  There* 
fore  a  dissenting  minister  had  need  be  a 
Very  discreet  man  to  keep  bis  place  and 
its  full  emolument?,  which  by  the  way  are 
not  full  at  all.  But  when  the  influential 
and  ruling  part  of  the  congregation  is 
hostile  to  a  niinii^ter,  there  ore  other  ways 
of  annoyance  and  means  of  getting  rid 
of  him.  I  once  knew  an  instance  of  the 
trustees  of  a  chapel  nctually  taking  the 
roof  off  the  building,  so  that  if  the  miais- 
ter  persitited  in  using  the  pulpit,  lie  was 
exposed  to  the  weather,  whatever  it  might 
be.  But  things  seldom  come  to  this  ex- 
tremity, because  the  mioister  has  sagacity 
enough  to  know,  that  if  he  were  to  show 
himself  very  contumacious  in  one  place, 
he  would  find  it  no  cosy  matter  to  obtain 
another;  therefore,  when  his  C9R^r«jra/ion 
betftHJt  to  ffrow  veiiry  of  hit  dittcourtft 
beeavse  they  want  novelty,  and  impatient 
q/'  hix  adinonitions,  became  they  imply  a 
front  of  spiritual  perfection  on  their  part, 
then  he  generally  takes  the  hint  of  the 
withdrawal  of  their  subscriptions,  and 
looks  out  for  some  other  situation  ;  bnt  (f 
he  be  past  the  middle  fffl\fe,  and  not  of  a 
popular  address,  he  must  patiently  endure 
his  situation,  taking  from  year  to  year  a 
decreased  and  still  decreasing  salary,  and 
Uve  in  his  latter  days  under  the  reproach 
of  having  preached  bis  congregation  away. 
This  preachiug  the  congregation  away,  is 
a  common  phrase  among  dissenters  :  and 
implies  that  pfople  go  to  a  place  of  worship 
more  for  thr  amusement  of  preaching  than 
for  the  soU'Tiiiiity  of  prnyer.  .Some  of  my 
readers  may  ima^ne  wliat  then  becomes 
of  thcfie  poor  old  niiniiiters,  who  have  out- 
lived their  popularity  and  the  attractive- 
ness of  their  younger  days.  They  do  not 
indeed  have  reconrMe  to  the  pariah,  but  I 
fear  that  tome  qf  them  suffer  great  priea- 
tions." 

This  is  a  blot  upon  their  spiritual 
scutcheons,  that  the  dissenters  would 
do  well  speedily  and  substantially  to 
remove.  They  may  indulge  in  recapi- 
tulating the  abuses  of  the  Established 
Church;  but  we  know  none  singly,  or 
combined,  that  amount  to  anythixig 
like  a  church  suffering  their  aged  mi- 
nisters, who  have  devoted  their  abi- 
lities, their  time,  and  the  best  energies 
of  their  life  to  them,  to  pine  away  in 
penury  and  disgrace.  We  know  from 
whose  lips  they  would  have  had  a  re- 
buke more  severe  than  "  Woe  to  you 
Pharisees,  hypocrites  !"  The  author 
mentions  a  minister  in  the  town  in 
which  he  was,  who,  when  new,  was 
eminently  popular.     He  was  regarded 


* 


172 


Rnyizvf.— Autobiography  of  a  Dissenting  Mintster 


as  a  very  Solomon  for  wisdom,  and 
Demosthenes  for  eloquence.  But  alas! 
hot  love  is  soonest  cold.     For  the  first 
five  years  he  was  a  god  to  them ;  for 
the   next  fifleeo,  a  mortal ;    aad  for 
the  lost  five,  a  devil ;  yet  he  was  no 
further    altered    from    what    he    was 
Iwcoty-five  years  before,  than  every 
man    must    be   by    the    lapse    of    so 
many  years  ;  and  whatever  alteration 
had  taken  place,  was  for  the  better ; 
for  bis  understanding  was  strength- 
ened,  and   his  knowledge  increased; 
but  he  was  no  longer  a  novelty ;  his 
discourses  had  ceased   to   be   stimu- 
lating ;  he  could  no  longer  amuse  his 
flock  with  the  dramaticism  of  devo- 
tion.     •         ••••• 

They  began  to  find  fault  with  htm,  to 
Bend  him  anonymous  letters,  to  ac- 
cuse him  of  want  of  ortho<loxy :  in  a 
word  they  were  tired  of  him,  though 
he  had  been  their  own  voluntary  and 
cheerful  choice,  Thcybrought  acharge 
of  Sabbath- breaking  against  him.  be- 
cause he  was  seen  to  put  a  letter  in 
the  post  on  Sunday  evening.  Some 
went  so  far  as  to  say,  he  had  been 
known  to  read  a  newspaper  on  a  Sun- 
day ;  his  conduct  was  watched,  and 
commented  on  in  its  minutest  move- 
ments. Ail  kind:*  of  idle  tales  were 
circulated  against  him,  and  various 
means  endeavoured  to  bring  an  eS' 
timablc  man  into  contempt.  The  li- 
berality towards  their  ministers,  and 
the  fjpnllpmanlike  way  in  which  they 
treat  them,  may  be  seen  by  the  oiders 
which  the  author  received,  when  taking 
a  circuit  to  collect  subscriptions  for  a 
chapel. 

"  An  inthnation  was  given  to  inc  that 
I  mutt  travel  as  economically  as  I  could. 
I  was  never  to  travel  tD^ide  the  stage 
coach  ;  and  whenever  I  t-uulil,  I  waa  to 
walk    from    town    to   town,    sendinf;  my 

'  loggafe  by  a  c!:u'ricr.  I  was  tu  avoid 
inas,  and  (o  rrfuAe  no  invilationn  to  din- 
ner, tra.  Or  tvpper,  when  tbry  came  in 
my  way ;  and  if  1  was  at  iiny  time  under 
an  absolute  nere.^sity  of  Win^  at  an  inn, 

^J  M0  to  contrive  to  malce  *vpper  itrve 
■Mr,  toother  with  diren*  pcnno- 

'nJnd  Mici{e9tions.  Aftrr  nn  ab<iciii-c  of 
rix  weeks.  I  returned ,  ha  vine  <^oIlprted 
741.  6».  (torn  which  I  had  deJnclcd  only 
61.  6«.  for  my  cxpenaea.  I  cx}>ectcd  to 
receive  great  applaoac  for  my  ecoaoiny, 
instead  of  which  I  was  blamed  for  not 
keeping  a  more  exact  aceount  of  the  man- 
ner in  which  I  had  client  the  money." 


We  must  pass  over  a  great  deal  of 
interesting  matter,  all  tending  to  the 
same  melancholy  proofs  of  the  slaviah 
dependence  of  the  minister,  and  the 
tyrannical  and  capricious  demands  of 
the  congregation.  To  come  to  the 
last  scene  of  the  tragedy,  viz.  our  au- 
thor's marriage.  Even  this  he  found 
iPfls  taking  a  grfat  liberty  indeed.  "  Afy 
sin  itas  that  I  cho»e  a  wife  for  mysrlf, 
withaut  consult ing  myfovk .  ll  wa» by thut, 
I  say,  I  gave  offpttcp."  As  the  author 
found  sitting  with  his  bride  pleasanter 
than  gossiping  about  the  town,  fresh 
grievances  arose.  The  congregation 
became  jealous  of  his  wife  I  The  dis- 
senters (he  did  not  know  this  before) 
are  disposed  to  imitate  Popery  in 
one  thing,  in  fnrbidding  their  prie>t$  to 
marry.  They  do  not  directly  attempt 
it,  hut  they  throw  so  many  obstacles 
in  the  way,  that  mtiny  dlMriiting  rtm. 
gregatitftu  might  tu  well  cxjiresalyforfnd 
their  priestg  to  marry  at  all.  There  ia 
no  one  with  whose  marriage  strangers 
by  blood  i40  much  interfere,  as  with 
the  dissenting  ministers.  A  dissent- 
ing minister  has  to  choose  between 
two  evils.  First  he  may  marry  cither 
oat  of  his  congregation,  or  one  in  his 
conj^rcgation  not  connected  with  the 
principal  people.  In  either  of  these 
cases  his  wife  is  not  very  cordially 
received  by  the  principal  people.  He 
may  marry  one  connected  with  the 
principal  people,  and  then,  tu  tvre  an 
fate,  he  is  henpecked  try  all  his  wife's 
relatives ;  his  house  is  open  to  their 
inspection,  every  dish  upon  his  table 
is  criticized  by  iheni,  and  he  can 
scarcely  drive  a  nail  in  the  wall  to 
hang  his  hat  upon  without  their  per- 
mission. •  •  •  "  There  was  also 
another  topic  of  very  great  moment  to 
many  of  my  flock,  and  that  was  the 
style  of  my  wife's  dress,  and  some  of 
my  beat  friends  of  all  were  so  good  as 
to  tell  me  all  the  ugly  and  ill-natured 
remarks  that  were  made  on  any  parti- 
cular cap.  bonnet,  gown,  hat,  shawl, 
ribbon,  tippet  or  pelisse,  which  my 
wife  happened  to  wear.  To  this  sort 
of  thing,  however,  wc  became  accus- 
tomed, and  at  last  disregarded  it. "  Rut 
it  was  not  the  intention  of  this  gentle- 
man's congregation  that  he  should  slip 
through  their  fingers  so  cosily.  lie 
had  been  married  some  few  years,  and 
was  blessed  with  three  children,  whom 
he   and   his    wife    carefully   and   pi- 


4 


n 


1835.] 


Rbvibw.— Me  Last  Dayn  of  Pompeii. 


m 


OQsly  educated  ;  but  these  children 
served  for  subjects  of  repeated  anony- 
mous letters  or  annoyance,  to  which 
dissenting  ministers  are  particularly 
subject,  two  of  -which,  in  their  origi- 
nal dress,  are  preserved  and  given  by 
the  author. 

Rev.  Sik, 
It  is  with  the  ntost  smeerut  pane  that 
I  DOW  take  up  mj  penn  at  this  time  to 
address  you  on  a  matter  oiinfinit  momunt. 
I  know,  Sir,  your  a  man  of  grate  leamin 
and  much  skollarship,  and  therfor  p'raps 
my  feeble  penn  ought  not  to  presuem  to 
approche  yon  without  the  utmost  rrft- 
renee.  You  may  believe  me  when  I  tell 
you  that  there  is  no  man  whose  preachin 
gives  me  more  instruction  nor  yours ;  ne- 
vertheless, most  reverend  Sir,  I  must  take 
the  liberty  to  say.  with  all  due  difference 
to^  your  superier  jugement  to  say,  I  say, 
that  your  children  is  not  mannaged  with 
an  that  proprietey  which  ought  to  be  the 
undoudted  distinction  of  evrery  minister 
who  prefasses  to  teach  the  peeple  in  the 
way  of  truth.  Miss  Angelica  was  fut 
aalerp  last  Sunday  afternoon  almost  all 
service  time,  and  tnored  was  to  be  heered 
all  over  the  meetin,  and  master  Tomey 
plays  at  marvels  in  the  streets.  If  so  be 
then  as  how  you  values  the  immortle 
soles  of  your  children,  why  dont  you 
bring  them  up  in  the  nertur  and  ammu- 
nition of  the  Lord.  So  no  more  at  pre- 
sent from  your  loving  fnnd  who  shall  be 
Annonimvs. 

Other  letters  and  various  com- 
plaints follow  this,  and  the  termina- 
tion of  our  author's  ministry  in  the 
town,  was  like  that  of  his  brethren. 
A  new  preacher  came,  and  caught  the 
greedy  and  itching  ears  of  the  asses, 

male  and  female,  in  the  town  of , 

and  the  consequence  was,  that  after 
fifteen  years'  faithful  discharge  of  his 
office,  and  when  between  forty  and 
fifty  years  of  age,  our  author  was 
obliged  to  give  way,  and  he  found  a 
small  congregation  of  quiet  elderly 
people  in  a  small  village  willing  to  re- 
ceive him,  and  who  were  too  old  to 
hanker  after  novelty. 

At  p.  215,  the  author  has  given  Mr. 
Fox's  letter  to  his  congregation  in 
August  last,  by  which  it  appears  that 
the  same  system  of  improper  and  un- 
manly interference  is  pursued  by  the 
Dissenters  in  all  places  and  to  all  their 
ministers.  Mr.  Fox  says,  "All  at  once, 
however,  I  found  myself  subjected  to 
an  interference  by  certain  members  of 


the  congregation  in  my  domntie  com- 
cenu,  which,  as  it  originated  in  igno-' 
ranee  and  delusion,  could  only  termi- 
nate in  confusion  and  mischief."  It 
further  appears,  that  these  same  mem- 
bers insisted  on  Mr.  Fox's  conforming 
his  domestic  conduct  to  their  regula- 
tions. Selections  were  made  from  his 
own  letters  in  his  own  house ;  extracts 
were  shown  detached  from  the  occa- 
sions which  called  them  forth,  or  the 
answers  elicited.  The  accounts  of  his 
household  expenditure  were  subject  to 
analysis.  "  The  evils,"  he  adds,  "  of 
a  domestic  inquisition  gathered  round 
me ;  while  the  evil  was  not  confined 
to  myself,  but  of  the  proverbial  deUcaey 
of  female  repuiatum,  advantage  teo* 
taken  the  moat  vmjutt  and  base."  Here 
then,  out  of  their  own  mouths,  are  the 
would-be  righteous  judged !  What 
reparation  they  have,  or  can  make  to 
Mr.  Fox,  we  know  not.  We  heard 
from  the  public  papers  the  nature  of 
the  charge  and  its  falsity ;  but  this  we 
know,  that  this  un-Christian  disposi- 
tion does  remain  a  foul  and  oppro- 
hious  blot  upon  the  Dissenters.  Two 
of  their  own  ministers  have  publicly 
borne  witness  agtunst  them. 


7%e  Last  Da^s  of  Pompeii.    By  the 
Author  qf  Pelham.  3  vols. 

THIS  work  possesses  the  same  de- 
fects and  merits  as  most  of  Mr.  Bul- 
wer's  other  productions.  It  has  a 
vivacity  of  manner,  flow  of  language, 
variety  and  luxuriance  of  description, 
rapidity  of  incident,  and  fertility  of 
allusion ;  but  as  a  drawback  on  this 
excellence,  there  is  throughout  a  strong 
tendency  to  over-colour  and  exagge- 
rate in  all  pictures,  whether  of  sub- 
limity or  pathos,  terror  or  pity.  Thereis 
little  simplicity,  and  few  natural  graces 
in  his  compositions :  with  a  great 
want  of  proper  reserve  in  the  distri- 
bution of  his  materials.  The  language 
is  too  ornamental  and  poetic,  and  par- 
takes of  a  kind  of  seniimentalism  which, 
however  common  in  the  present  day, 
is  fortunately  at  present  confined  to 
writers  of  a  second  or  third  class.  It 
is  more  difficult  to  say  on  what  models 
or  principles  he  has  formed  his  style, 
which  has  not  the  refined  elegance  of 
a  classical,  nor  the  easy  gracefulness 
of  a  pure  idiomatic  language ;  nor  is 
it  possible  to  say  much  in  favour  of 


]Uv\x« . —  rW  Lait  Dafs  of  Pompeii. 


[E^«fc 


r«nj',.  '«.■'■ 


.Is   ,-\.« 


..   \.  >.' 


V  1-^ 


\\ 


•.•»• 


■Ut 


•I   vV 


»*!•• 


!4^v  .'o^^'vi  ua<i«r 

t  ■»  i:».:  : .'  •."■«:  prv- 

t .!  ■.     -^  :":rtf  very 

■v.!    iM.  .i;ia  isu're 

-.     .•'      V    '.''lliul     Itl 

':  >  '-maiif 
■■.■.;v  worth. 
•'.w^  ho  hd* 

,•  ittuvh  tt» 

.:%•  »-.v«!i*  ti»  Iv  as 
.11  '.v.   a:»»;  tH'ttn 

".'•*;  '.»  »;'r\"»»liii.u 
k>\v'i  (tu*  laiui. 
.1'  ■n.»;t\  I vrt .!»■!■*  ol'  tho  pro- 
(iiti  »»■  -uvti  nw^t  SAV  how 
«.«  «.ui  >ii;v:;or  luimU  there 
. ..  's '  ihj:  »  writiT  can 
t.«>ii  !\-il■j^•lAl\  ^<aU*  fur  a 
i.-.ti  ii-.  .-f«-ii  .ip|Movini:it»oIf 
>  .ii  nvtiiiii^  mitu>rity  ;  ami 
.  .«■  ti.tli  t■«hu'ltt(^I  prt'toml* 
"viiiMiiiiiilx  <ui>poit  Mil  in- 
k4itt>ii.  ilii'\  vnii  civo  it  that 

u!  ■>  III  V  nhiK-h  \vi]|  nn.vn'cr 

tit   ■•iji|>t>^i'  i>r  many  au- 
iu    III  Aii>l  iiitlU'lv  may  f;ivo 

t  >«-»>   iiirihiv'  mil.  whirh 

•«    i.t.u-  <•!    \\u'   Ih-IIit  oir- 

..,.c<\>-    Milh    (-ontrmpt. 

k,i,l    b'liMtiiK   wiotc    in- 

,    iiii'.>:it  .   'mi  (hi'v   cot  to 

u.t'.i^ii  :«!!  luiifi  cin'h*  of 

,.,.      >«...>!»(<    MhlMVUM    V»' 

s. «.•.!«■■.  «!•«!  Hho  would 

.  ,t  «.•    t>«a  >h'Uvl«.     Now 

.-•.,  A.  nh«>  i\'iuN  the 

.",   ..     ..■«»;■.  ilii-iv  nr»'  a 

.    .•.  ..  ..t.i.!  «t  onion  pf  tin 

.^.    ,     itll.^Il    itioiiKolvr!! 

'«.,  !■«  . .  '\<M<if;oi^     to 

...,..«•    .u     Kon 

...>.kll<,    <tll(l   M'll 


,<i<k   Miihiiiit 

.ii>iiif;  v>iir 

v. .».,  i>i.a 

U  ,      l'lt«-'tt«' 


'I  I 
ll>! 


M-.:i.j' 


tinu-ntal  and  single  virgins  in     •*v.Ty, 
aiiii  cvJuntrj'.     This  ia  loo   seducti.- 
a  market  nut  to  rcqaire  a  coast^^^ 
supply  :    and  Mr.  Bulwer  seems  ^cv 
solved  to  be  behind  none  of  his  rivi^j^^ 
in  tho  caeerncss  with  which  he  me^ii^ 
the  demand.     We  really  say  this  ii^, 
no  I'eelint;  of  disrespect  to  him,  or  ii^ 
di^paniiioment    of  his    acknowledgetS. 
taloiits.     We  acknowledge  his  powers 
us  a  writer — the  copiousness  of  hift. 
invention,  the  brilliancy  of  his  fancy, 
the  fe\*liug  and  depth  of  passion,  which 
united    to     a    highly    poetic   imagi- 
nation,   captivates    his  readers,   and 
carries  their  enthralled  hearts  along 
with  it.     But  we  think  he  ought  to 
aim  at  something  higher  than  produc- 
ing clever  and  fanciful  Romances  or 
Tales,  to  be  read  one  season  and  for- 
gotten   another ;    ynoj    ii'j    Hasciiur 
rito  perit.     He  will  write  something 
next  year  which  will  maie  fhe  '•  Last 
Daysof  Pompeii "  remembcrvd  uomore. 
We  will  not  enter  into  a  detail  or 
abridgment  of  the  story  of  this  novel; 
but  content  ourselves'  with    saying, 
that  the  tale   is  very  simple   in   its 
outline  and   plan ;   that   there   is  no 
artful  disposition  of  incidents,  or  com- 
plication of  plot ;  that  the  characters 
arc  few,  and  rather  strongly  contrast- 
ihI  with  each  other.     Gluucus,  a  young 
Athenian,  an  Alcibiades  without  ambi- 
tion, and  a  young  lady  named  lone, 
are  the  hero  and  heroine.     Apa<cides, 
the  brother  of  lone,  a  thoughtful  and 
conscientious  person,  is  a  convert  to 
the  worship  of  Isis.    Olinthus  is  a  de- 
vout follower  of  the  Nazarcne.    Ar- 
baccp,  who  is  the  prominent  character, 
an  Egyptian  priest — a  bold  bad  man 
— a  wicked  voluptuous  libertine  and 
hypocrite — a   daring  deep-designing 
powerful    villain.     Lastly,   Nydia,    a 
blind  ThessaIiangirl,sellingflower8,and 
going  on  messages.  These  are  the  main 
perconagcs,  from  whose  |)assions,  ac- 
lioiis,  and  features,  the  incidents  of 
the  tale  arc  derived.     The  chanicters 
last  described  arc  those  whose  deli- 
neation is  the  most  skilful,  and  with 
whom  the    interest    almost    entirely 
moves.     Arbnces,   the  wicked  licen- 
t.ou.s  pnest,  is   opposed  to  that   poor 
.sensmve  affectionate,  love-cnthrallcd, 
and  faithful  Nydia.     Glaucus  and  lone 
|.ivsent  us  with  very  little  of  those 
iHvuliar  and  characteristic  features,  on 
*»l»ieh  wc  gaze   with  admiration   or 


1835.] 


Reyikw. — The  Last  Days  of  Pompeii. 


175 


ddq^ht.  There  is  no  greatness  of 
chancter  to  command  our  respect,  no 
wiDning  sweetness  and  chaste  reserve 
to  take  possession  of  oar  love ;  while 
both  in  Arbaces  and  Nydia  we  think 
the  feeling  and  passion  which  form 
tbeir  characters,  and  rule  their  desti- 
nies, is  carried  beyond  all  natural 
metsore :  in  the  too  desperate  and 
dangerous  wildness  of  the  former, 
breaking  out  of  his  otherwise  artful 
and  sagacious  mind  ;  and  in  the  long, 
bopeless,  and  most  intense  passion 
of  the  other  (the  very  mainspring  of 
her  life),  which  has  been  formed  and 
fostered  in  circumstances  not  likely  to 
prodace  or  prolong  it ;  and  that  ac- 
companied with  such  dexterity,  such 
power  of  acting,  as  we  conceive  to  be 
beyond  the  capability  of  any  person 
in  her  situation,  unless,  like  the  well- 
known  Miss  M'Avoy,  she  could  see 
with  her  fingers.  Could  Mr.  Bulwer 
lay  such  stress  on  his  "  friend's  casual 
ohicrvation," — that  the  blind  would  be 
most  safe  in  the  day  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  city,  —  as  to  suppose, 
because  Nydia  had  been  used  to  thread 
her  way  by  means  of  her  staff  up  and 
down  Pompeii,  that  she  could  retain 
her  self-possession  amid  the  horrors  of 
that  fatal  night;  or  possess  her  in- 
stinctive tact,  while  all  traces  of 
streets  and  signs,  by  which  alone  she 
was  guided  in  her  former  wanderings, 
were  now  obliterated  ?  There  is  this 
defect  in  the  drawing  of  the  charac- 
ters of  Glaucus  and  lone,  that  they 
are  known  to  us  more  by  the  descrip- 
tions of  the  author,  on  whose  autho- 
rity we  rest,  than  unfolded  in  their 
own  actions  and  words.  We  must 
suppose  that  Mr.  Bulwer  knows  more 
of  diem  than  we  do.  Glaucus  appears 
to  us,  who  have  only  bowing  acquaint- 
ance with  him,  as  very  far  from  an 
Alcibiades  indeed ;  and  there  is  no- 
thing in  lone  to  justify  her  being  not 
only  as  beautiful  as  Helen — 

"  bat  of  a  genius  beyond  that  of 
woman,  keen,  dazzling,  bold.  Poetry 
flows  from  her  lips — utter  but  a  truth, 
and  however  intricate  and  profound,  her 
mind  seizes  and  commandH  it.  Her  ima- 
gination and  reason  are  not  at  war  with 
each  other,  they  harmonize  and  direct  her 
eoarie,as  die  waves  and  winds  direct  some 
lofty  bark.  With  this  she  unites  [like  an 
old  friend,  Mrs.  Leman  Grimston]  a  dar- 
ing independence  of  thought.     She  can 


stand  alone  in  the  world— she  can  be 
brave  as  she  is  gentle,"  &c. 

Now  this  is  all  so  exaggerated  and 
extreme,  that  it  is  impossible  for  the 
author  to  support  the  character  which 
he  has  so  rashly  sketched,  and  produce 
examples  of  her  eminence  in  the 
respective  qualities  thus  lavishly  be- 
stowed on  her :  if  he  did,  her  charac- 
ter would  be  unpleasing  and  unna- 
tural. The  contrasts  are  so  violent, 
that  they  could  not  be  joined  in  an 
harmonious  portrait ;  consequently 
lone,  though  a  very  good  sort  of  girl, 
turns  out  not  to  be  so  very  keen  or 
poetical,  nor  so  great  a  logician  as  to 
puzzle  the  Archbishop  of  Dublin,  nor 
any  thing  else  above  par.  The  scene 
which  closes  the  first  volume,  in  which 
Arbaces' throws  off  the  loose  garments 
of  his  ill-assumed  virtues,  and  starts 
upthe  undisguised  villain  andimpostor, 
though  forcibly  painted,  and  showing 
Mr.  Bulwer's  dramatic  genius,  is  too 
nielo-dramatic  for  our  taste.  We  could 
not  help  fancying  WaUack  Arbaces, 
and  Mrs.  Honey  Tone ;  and  we  con- 
fess that  the  earthquake  came  so  just  in 
time,  and  that  the  column  fell  so  ex- 
actly where  it  ought  to  fall,  that 
Farley  himself  could  not  have  imagin- 
ed it  better.  Seriously,  it  is  drawing 
largely  on  the  supernatural  and  mar- 
vellous to  make  an  earthquake  just 
come  at  the  important  moment  to 
prevent  a  crime,  and  save  innocence 
from  ruin ;  and  the  statue  which  that 
earthquake  overthrows,  fall,  by  a 
happy  direction,  on  the  head  of  the 
guilty  alone.  But  Mr.  Bulwer  has 
actually  gone  so  far  as  to  repeat  this 
miracle  at  some  distance  of  time,  on 
the  repetition  of  the  same  occasion. 
A  second  time  Arbaces  believes  he  has 
lone  in  his  power,  a  second  time  he 
proceeds  to  violence,  a  second  earth- 
quake rescues  her,  and  a  second  co- 
lumn falls  on  him !  Now  we  do  think 
with  the  Scotch  philosopher,  that  no 
testimony  can  reconcile  us  to  miracles 
such  as  these.  The  introduction  of 
St.  Paul  (vol.  ii.  p.  82)  in  a  dialogue 
between  Glaucus  and  lone,  is  not 
to  our  judgment  sober  or  discreet, 
and  Mr.  Bulwer  is  particularly  un- 
fortunate in  giving  him  "  eyes 
bright  with  unearthly  fire,"  when 
every  lawyer,  scribe,  and  doctor  of  the 
law,  from  the  Fratres  Poloni,  to  Mr. 


176 


Review. — The  Last  Days  of  Pompeii. 


CFeb. 


Hartwell  Home,  could  have  informed 
him  that  St.  Paul  was  weak  of  sight, 
and  in  the  meanness  of  his  bodily 
presence,  had  this  thorn  in  his  side. 
Again,  we  shall  not  be  accused  of 
blaming  Mr.  Bulwer  without  cause  for 
a  constant  tendency  to  exaggeration, 
when  he  mentions,  among  other  proofs, 
that  in  a  quarrel  between  Arbaces  and 
Olinthus,  in  seeking  a  comparison  for 
his  heroes,  he  is  not  content  with 
earthbom  giants,  with  Hector  and 
Achilles,  Turnus,  and  iEneas,  or  even 
Mars  and  Diomed.  or  the  Duke  of 
Wellington  and  Buonaparte — ^but  he 
says — 

"  Never,  perhaps,  since  Lucifer  and 
the  Archangel  contended  for  the  body  of 
the  mighty  Lawgiver,  was  there  a  more 
striking  subject  for  the  painter's  genius." 

Really  Mr.  Bulwer  is  so  used  to  soar, 
that  be  does  not  know  when  his  balloon 
is  entirely  out  of  sight  of  ordinary 
mortals. 

By  adopting  a  tale  like  this,  Mr. 
Bulwer  has  gained  the  advantage  of 
beautiful  and  vivid  description,  pictu- 
resque and  striking  situations,  fine 
and  classical  allusions,  and  noble  and 
exalted  sentiments ;  of  all  this  he  has 
availed  himself:  his  sketches  are  drawn 
with  great  freedom  of  pencil,  and 
though  he  evidently  does  not  possess 
much  tchohutic  knowledge,  he  has 
managed,  by  the  help  of  Sir  W.  Cell's 
Pompeii  and  of  his  Conversations, 
to  place  a  very  pretty  classical  fringe 
on  his  woven  fiction.  Yet  there  are 
disadvantages  attending  a  modern 
fabric  raised  on  ancient  customs  and 
history.  The  author  can  only  know 
the  superficies  of  his  subject.  Anti- 
quity is  known  to  us  only  through  a 
few — alas,  how  fewl^of  her  broken, 
mutilated,  imperfect  remains.  We  are 
only  groping  blindly  about  the  porch 
and  gate,  and  cannot  get  into  the 
penetralia,  where  theLAresare  sitting, 
and  Vesta  presides.  Hence  allusions 
are  of  necessity  confined  to  a  very 
small  circle  of  welt -known  customs, 
ordinary  topics,  and  incidents  (as 
when  Glaucus  and  Gladius  converse, 
it  is  only  about  Aorses and  baths),  fami- 
liar passages,  and  trite  pages  of  history 
and  fable.  Mr.  Bulwer  must  be  aware 
that  his  characters,  after  all,  if  com- 
pared to  the  native  creations  of  science, 
are  but  phantasmagoric  figures,  faintly 

8 


p^urtraying  the  originals.  This  is 
so  evident,  that  Glaucus  and  lone 
might  be  living  now  for  anything  we 
can  see;  but  that  we  are  told  they 
ride  in  a  curras  instead  of  a  britsckha, 
wear  garlands  for  hats  and  bonnets, 
eat  sows'  paps  for  roast  beef,  and  have 
a  Thessalian  slave  for  a  smart  Sussex 
lady's-maid.  Accordingly,  as  matter 
here  was  wanting,  the  best  parts  of 
Mr.  Bulwer's  novel  arethe  descriptive, 
and  the  worst  are  the  familiardelinea- 
tion  of  manners,  the  expression  of 
sentiments,  and  the  language  of  life. 
Shakspeare's  plays  of  Coriolanus, 
and  Antony  and  Cleopatra,  might  have 
been  as  splendid  works  of  genius  as 
Virgil's,  if  Virgil  had  written  dramas 
on  those  subjects,  or  perhaps  more  so ; 
but  undoubtedly  they  would  have  been 
very  inferior  in  their  reality  and  truth. 
Again,  we  think  that  it  is  not  good 
policy  to  attach  a  fictitious  story  to 
a  real  event  of  very  great  magnitude, 
where  there  is  a  chance  of  the  former 
crushing  and  overpowering  the  latter. 
Had  ice  written  a  story  on  the  last 
days  of  Pompeii,  we  should  have 
said  nothing  about  the  earthquake  or 
eruption.  A  skilful  novelist  would 
have  avoided  it  altogether ;  for  the 
catastrophe  does  not  spring  out  of 
the  incidents  of  the  story,  nor  is  it 
naturally  induced  by  the  agencies  of 
the  characters  employed.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  story  falls  into,  and 
is  swallowed  up  by  the  catastrophe. 
Principle  yields  to  power,  and  actioa 
to  force,  and  the  whole  concludes  like 
a  melodraroe  at  Astley's.  Thus  freely 
have  we  spoken,  as  in  duty  bound  to 
our  best,  in  fulfilling  the  duties  of 
our  humble  office.  We  can  estimate 
Mr.  Bulwer's  talents  ;  we  think  that 
he  lavishes  them  with  a  spendthrift's 
prodigality  on  unworthy  admirers.  If 
by  a  splendid  display  he  can  produce 
a  strong  temporary  effect  in  the  saloons 
of  fashion,  he  seems  willing  to  relin- 
quish all  care  about  his  permanent  re- 
putation. Thus  he  rapidly  dashes  off 
novel  after  novel.  Pompeii  has  eclipsed 
Eugene  Aram,  and  next  season  Pompeii 
will  be  buried  beneath  a  new  eruption 
of  the  literary  volcano.  We  shall 
only  add  that  we  wish,  out  of  ordinary 
feelings  of  delicacy  to  the  greatest 
man  of  the  present  age,  that  he  had 
not  made  public  the  anecdote  (worth- 
less in  itself)  of  Sir  Walter  Scott  at 


Mme  is  the  Moon,  and,  mournful  if  her 

niy«,  [lie*. 

'Tis  that  slie  lingers  where  her  Carian 

"  The  flowers  are  miue — the  blushes  of 

the  rofi«,  [shade  ; 

The    violet,  charming   Zephyr   to   the 

Mine  the  quick  light  that  in  tlic  May> 

heam  glows,  [glade. 

Mine  every  dream  that  leafs  the  lonely 

"  Lore,  sons  of  Earth!  for  love  ia  Earth's 

soft  lore,  [with  iil ; 

Look   where  ye  will,   Earth  overflowa 

Learn  from  the  waves  that  ever  kisa  the 

8hore,  [aea. 

And  the  winils  nestling  on  the  heaving 

"  AU  teaches  love !"  The  sweet  voice,  Ukea 

dream, 

Melted  in  light ;  yet  stilt  the  airs  above, 

The  waving  Bedgcs,  and   the  whispering 

stream,  [*'  lovbI" 

And  the  green  forest  rustling — murmur 


1835.]        Rrvirw. — Smj'th's  Catalogue  of  Roman  Medals. 


Pompeii,  and  ihasi  laid  bare  to  vulgar 
ga/e  the  fatuity  of  the  then  ruine<l 
and  exhaa»ted  mind.  And  we  diSier 
from  Mr.  Bulwer  and  Mr.  W.  S.  Lan- 
dor,  and  all  his  other  friends,  in  sup- 
posing that  the  citron  wood  of  the 
ancients  was  the  raodern  ma%ogany. 
Pliny  distiucUy  mentions  its  local 
habitation.  '  Atlas  mons  pKuliari 
proditur  silva,  de  qua  diximus.  Con- 
fines ei  Mauri,  quibus  plurima  arbor 
Girt  et  Mfnsarum  innania.'  This  Cilntf 
was  the  6ita  or  ffmnv  of  the  Greeks. 
We  do  not  know  whether  Mr.  Landor, 
who  iea scholar,  studies Salmosius -,  but 
the  latter  says  that  St.  Jerome  trans- 
lates ligna  Thyia,  by  Almaghghim,  and 
that  the  Arabs  call  Albakam,  Bran- 
lemm,  or  Brazil  wood.  That  it  was  an 
African  tree  is  clear  —  Afris  eruta 
terris,  Citrea  mensa.  Varro  calls  it 
Libyssa  Citrus.  Satmasius  ears — Ci- 
trus arbor  magna  Africm  propria  et 
inodora,  quam  Gncci  6vmi>  dixerunt. 
He  distinguishes  this  Citrut  (used  in 
tables  and  furniture),  from  the  Assyrium 
Pomani,  or  tree  bearing  the  Citron 
fmit,  the  'EenrfpiKoi"  ^q\ov,  though 
they  grew  in  the  same  country.  Pliny 
detcrtbea  it  like  a  cypress  in  leaves, 
branches,  and  bark.  This  cannot  be 
the  Strietnia  of  the  Western  world. 

There  are  some  very  clever  and 
pleasing,  though  not  very  classically- 
designed,  poems  in  these  volumes. 
We  will  give  one  that  pleases  us. 

7^  Hywut  of  Rnu. 

By  til*  cool  banks  where   soft  Cephisns 

flows,  [waves  of  air ; 

A   voice  soiled    trembling    down    the 

The  leaves  blushed  brighter  in  the  Trian's 

rose,  [itummer  lair. 

The  doves  couched  breathless  in  their 

VbUa  from  their  bands  the  purple  flow- 

ret*  fell,  [the  sky  ; 

The  laughing  Hours  stood  listening  in 

From  Pan's  green  cave  to  OEI^gle's  haunted 

cell,  [cious  sigh. 

Heavrd  the  charmed  earth  in  one  deli- 

"  Love,  sons  of  earth !  1  am  the  Powerof 

Love  \ 

Eldevt  of  all  the  Gods,  with  Chaos  bom ; 

My  amOe  sheds  light  along  the  murts 

above,  [.Mom. 

My    kisses   wake   the   eyelids  of  the 

"  Mine  an«  the  stars — there,  ever  as  ye  gaxe, 
Ye  ateet  the  deep  spell  of  my  haunting 
eyn; 

Gk>-t.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


Descriptive  Catalogue  of  a  Cabinet  of 

Roman  Imperial  iMrge  Brast  Medata. 

By  Captain  William  Henr)'  Smvth. 

R.N.  K.S.F.  F.R.S.  F.S.jI.  SfdSfe. 

Atn.     Privaleltf  priulpfi. 

PEDANTRY  and  prejudice  have 
combined  to  create  a  distaste  for  the 
study  of  medals  in  this  country;  but 
botii  are  rapidly  dii^appoaring,  nnd  we 
trust,  ere  long,  to  hear  that  numisraa- 
tology  is  a  subject  of  ridicule  to  the 
ignorant  and  uneducated  only-  We 
have  seen  the  hp  of  the  scholar  curl 
with  disdain  at  the  bare  mention  of 
an  ancient  coin  ;  but  we  have  had  the 
satisfaction  to  find  the  sneer  give  place 
to  a  hlu.sh  when  his  dales,  ais  facta, 
and  his  arguments,  were  controverted 
by  an  appeal  to  the  most  palpable 
evidence — the  numismatic  treasures  of 
antiquity.  So  strongly  are  we  per- 
suaded of  the  utility  of  this  study, 
that  we  hken  the  attempt  of  hira  who 
would  obtain  a  knowledge  of  classical 
autiquitieii,  without  commencing  with 
these  minute  objects  of  ancient  art,  to 
the  hopeless  labour  of  the  unfortunate, 
who  having  neglected  his  Latin  in  his 
youth  endeavours  to  acquire  it  alone  by 
means  of  "  the  llamiltonian  system." 

All  antiquaries  are  agreed  as  to 
the  importance  of  medallic  studies, 
and  yet  some  of  the  moat  eminent 
have  strangely  neglected  them.  We 
have  noted  with  pain  the  errors  of 
men  renowned  for  Iheir  learning,  their 
scholarship,  and  their  laborious  re- 
search ;  crrora  attributable  solely  to 
2  A 


I 


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MfariH 


178 


Review.— Smytli's  Catalogue  of  Roman  Meiah, 


N 


their  neglect  of  this  branch  of  Archai- 
ology.  The  erudite  and  sagacious 
Winckleman.  in  his  "  History  of  An- 
cient Art,"  renaarks  v^ith  great  self- 
importance  that  a  knowledge  of  anti- 
quity without  a  visit  to  Rome,  is 
totally  impracticable.  It  is  needless 
to  add  that  Wincklcmao  was  not  pro- 
perly acquainted  with  ancient  medals, 
and  this  ignorance  was  the  cause  of 
his  committing  several  blunders  which 
disfigure  his  otherwise  valuable  work. 

It  has  been  asserted  that  the  study 
of  medals  cannot  be  prosecuted  with- 
out considerable  expense  to  the  stu- 
dent. This  is  not  the  case  :  they  may 
be  procured  of  dealers  at  moderate 
prices,  and.  as  the  author  of  the  work 
under  notice  observes,  occasional  pub- 
lic sales  in  London  place  the  gleanings 
of  ail  Europe  before  ub.  Besides  this, 
many  works  (with  accurate  plates)  exist 
on  the  subject,  and  the  rich  collection 
of  the  British  Mu«eum  is  open  to  the 
inspection  of  every  jierson  of  character. 

Tlie  author  of  this  volume  is  well 
known  to  the  literary  and  scientilic 
world.  Of  his  ability  as  a  medallist, 
■we  have  here  ample  proof;  and  we 
regret  that  a  work  so  likely  to  create  a 
taste  for  this  elegant  study,  should 
have  been  printed  for  private  distribu- 
tion only. 

Smollett  has  ridiculed  the  antiqunr)' 
(Piukerton  could  have  said  "  Anli- 
quiet"),  who,  on  a  corroded  fartbint^, 
discovers  the  letters  NI,  and  concludes 
that  it  must  be  a  portion  of  the  legend 
commemorating  the  victory  of  Severus 
over  I'esccnnius  Niger!  We  have  not 
a  few  of  these  "  Antiquists  "  at  the 
present  day.  and  they  have  done  the 
science  no  service.  Captain  Smyth  has 
not  spared  these  idle  gentlemen  : 

"  Considerini;,"  »ay«  be,  "  the  very 
numerous  public  and  private  collections 
which  ciiit  throughout  Europe,  and  the 
^cat  cunvenieacc  they  afford  of  ready 
reference,  it  is  only  surpriftng  thnt  we 
should  meet  with  any  well-educafed  per- 
son to  whom  they  arc  entirely  unknown. 
Yet  fxtnordinary  instances  of  such  igno- 
rtaee  oocasioDally  occur,  even  where  the 
|i088e««ioQ  of  •oine  valuable  coin*  mi^bt 
nslurall}  have  prompted  an  tnijuiry  con- 
Cflriiisg  them.  Such  want  of  knowledge 
rHiimw  the  poMOHors  of  the^ie  rarities  to 
BUny  iBortifiGatioBa ;  it  dvpnveii  them  of 
the  plMurartt  of  jostly  estimatini;  the  vnlue 
of  what  they  {(onsetii,  niakn  ibcm  the 
dupes  of  fuch  as  ore  tBlerestcd  in  deceiv- 


ing, and  occasiona  severe  ^MppoUktmeat 
when  they  meet  with  a  good  judge  who  is 
honest  enough  to  tell  them  the  truth.  I 
wiM  nacc  much  amused  by  seeinv;  a  coin 
unrolled  from  a  paper,  with  great  care 
and  solemnity,  which  turned  out  to  be 
nothing  more  than  a  Hadrian  worn  almost 
smooth.  Its  owner  was  highly  pleased 
when  told  that  it  wos  undoubtedly  ge- 
nuine, but  proportionably  disappointed 
and  inrredulouft  when  informed  that  its 
value  might  be  '  about  threepence.'  But 
this  was  nothing  to  the  blunder  of  a  pre- 
tended connoisseur  iu  the  south  of  France, 
who,  after  showing  me  n  wretched  medley 
of  worthless  things,  produced,  as  the 
most  precious  article  in  his  whole  collec- 
tion, a  bronze  medal,  and  added,  in  a  tone 
of  exultation — '  VoUh,  Mowt'teur,  tine  mi- 
dailU  uniqve ;  c'f»t  du  grand  pkiloHophe 
Z^nun  ."  It  was  a  small  brass  of  the 
Emperor  Zeno.  For  persons  who  will 
not  take  the  trouble  to  be  better  inform- 
ed, it  is  a  dangerous  thing  to  dabble  in 
antiquities  ;  and  tk<;  unhappy  mistake  of 
the  French  virtuoso  reminds  me  of  fe 
worthy  English  gentletnan,  who  was  OB 
the  point  of  sending  home  an  old  brafls 
cannon,  inscril>ed  with  the  name  of  Ha- 
drian, as  a  proof  that  gunpowder  wm 
known  to  the  Romans." — p.  vi. 

Our  author  makes  the  following  im- 
portant remarks  on  the  naval  history 
of  the  Romaua : 

"  Wliile  mentioniiig  that  the  early 
bifitory  of  Rome,  like  that  n(i«ther  coan> 
tries,  IS  enveloped  in  doubt,  fiction,  and 
improbability,  a  sailor  may  allude  to  a 
'  vulgar  error,'  which  has  obtained,  though 
the  historian  who  transmitted  it,  baa  also 
left  its  refutation.  This  is  the  amosiag 
story  of  the  Romans  being  entirely  igno> 
rant  of  »ea  affairs,  till  they  got  hold  of* 
wrecked  galley  ;  and  that  then,  by  a  sys- 
tem of  '  dry-rowing'  they  became  at  once 
a  first-rate  naval  ]K)wer,  and  assumed  the 
do  mi  a  ion  of  the  seas.  Now  it  is  well 
known  that  some  of  their  earliest  money 
bore  the  prow  of  a  galley  on  its  reverse  ; 
that  .^ru'us  Martius,  the  fourth  King  of 
Rome,  assigned  certain  woods  for  the  ex- 
|>re8S  purpose  of  sbip-boUding ;  that  the 
fleet  of  Antium  was  raptured  and  moored 
ill  a  reat-h  of  the  Tiber  expressly  set  apart 
for  the  construction  of  shipping,  two 
hundred  years  before  the  victory  of  Dui- 
lius ;  that  a  Roman  fleet  was  defeated  olT 
Tarcntum,  B.C.  "i'TJ* ;  and  that  in  a  treaty 
made  with  the  Carthnginians,  immediately 
after  the  expulsion  of  the  Tanjuini*,  it 
was  iitipiilatrd  thnt  neither  the  Romans 
nor  their  allies  should  sail  beyond  the 
'  Pulchrum  Promontorium.'  Even  the 
jmlicii)U«  I'olyhius,  who  would  make  us  be- 
lieve that  the  RcpubUcan  galleys  emerged 


I 

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IS3d.]  Retiew. — Smyth's  Catalogue  of  Roman  Medals. 


179 


firom  ob«cuntj  bo  suddenly,  ami  blazed 
forth  a  meteor  of  naval  ]Kiwer,  has  also 
giTcn  us  transcript*  of  t>vo  other  treaties 
of  nearly  the  same  tenor  and  Lffect  with 
the  one  juj^t  quoted.  Shipwrights  cannot 
be  made  by  mere  intuition,  nor  sailurs 
by  dry-rowing ;  nor  would  Dedus  Mus's 
■BOtwin,  for  the  appointtnent  of  two  Com- 
wumitmert  qf  the  Nary,  have  been  carried 
B.C.  304,  had  there  been  neither  arsenals, 
ihip«,  nor  marine  stores." — p.  ix. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  medals  in 
this  series  is,  "we  think,  the  following  : 

(Lll. 

Oirerg^.  IMP.  CAESAR  TRAIANVS 
HADRI ANVS  AVG.  P.  M.  TR.  P.  COS. 
III.  {Imprrttlor  C(t*ar  Trajanim  Hadria- 
tnu,  Auj/utitiii,  Pontifej  Mujitnuji,  Tri- 
kmuitia  potMlate,  Comul  tertium.)  The 
Uiirclied  bead  of  Hadrian,  with  a  lieard  ; 
the  shoulders  covered  with  a  paludamen- 
turn.  This  rare  medal  in  of  yellow  hra>j« 
without  patina,  »:»•)  in  good  condition  ;  it 
«aspan'ha.s(*d  frnni  Mr.  M.Youii^in  18-J). 

Rnerne.  ANN.  DCCCLXXHII  NAT. 
TRB.  P.  CIR.  CON.  This  legend  has 
Ikvu  Tery  rariousty  interpreted,  and  xi 
atill  left  in  the  perplexity  which  so  fre- 
quently arises  from  the  objectionable 
euftom  of  usin^  abbreviations  m  writing. 
From  the  reclining  female-  who  holds  n 
her  knee,  and  with  her  left  arm 
three  mets,  the  object  of  the 
I  evidently  to  commemorate  games 
in  which  there  were  chariot-racfs.  Vail- 
kat  therefore  read.s — Anno  H74,  natali 
m-Ut  Popvlo  Circnun  cmcestit.  But 
B«roB  Biniart  thinlc»,  that,  as  those  games 
were  9o  frequently  celebrated,  the  mone- 
talM  could  hardly  advance  that  they  were 
•itebliflhcd  by  Haifuan.  Harduin  con> 
jeetorr^i  tiiat  the  legend  should  be  read — 
AxHO  ''-T4  natali  vrbU  jiHmum  Circen- 
ttn  CKirmtilvta,  and  that  new  games  were 
inadtuted  in  honour  nf  the  founding  of 
the  city.  Others  dispute  whether  the 
P  meuta  popnlua,  plebeii,  publiri,  nr  pri- 
miu;  and  it  is  not  a  little  singular  that 
both  in  the  engraving  of  the  Florence 
medal,  and  that  of  Queru  Chri.stina,  tliis 
letter  has  been  omitted.  Tlie  true  object 
tnay  be,  to  record  that  Hadrian,  in  ecle* 
braJting  the  birth-day  of  Rome,  which 
«*«  nouAlly  done  by  holding  the  Parilia,* 
adiird  to  those  ainiple  games  the  uinre 
»plendid  exhibitioiis  of  the  circua. 

"  The  Parilia  or  Palilia^  were  fefttivals 
flitebliahed  in  honour  of  Pales,  the  tute- 
Ury  ifoddcss  of  Shepherds  ;  they  were  cr- 
lebnted  on  the  21st  of  April,  when  the 
flodn  wrere  brought  in  and  purified  with 
lostral  water  and  fumigation-  -a  custom  still 
e-xistioi;  at  Rome,  with  regard  to  horace. 


"  Tliis  very  valuable  medal  ia  interest- 
ing in  other  respects.  It  'i»  the  first  of 
the  large  brass  series  which  bears  the 
ura  of  the  foundation  of  Rome  ;  and 
though  we  cannot  now  discover  which  of 
the  inetliod.'!  of  computing  that  lera  was 
followed,  the  date  of  this  third  consulate 
of  Hadrian  is  pretty  nearly  ascertained, 
—  a  point  which  cannot  be  determine*! 
from  any  other  of  the  COS.  III.  The 
female  in  this  device  is  eridently  the 
same  with  that  on  CXXVI." 

Another  of  Hadriaous  deserves  Bt- 
tcDtion  . 

CLIII. 

Oirerire.  IMP.  CAESAR  TRAI- 
ANYS  HADRIANVS  AVG.  P.  M.  TR. 
P.  CO."s.  III.  {Imperator  Ca-xar  Trnja- 
nun  Httdrianiu,  .-iuijiiiiiuit,  Poni(fe.r  Afnx- 
itHus,  IVibunitia  Ptittttatt,  Omsul  ler- 
Hum).  A  fine  laurelled  head  of  Hadrian, 
with  a  beard.  As  this  is  the  first  ap- 
pearance of  that  appendage  in  the  cabinet, 
it  may  be  mentioned  that  the  early  Ro- 
mania wore  long  beards,  and  had  no 
barbers  among  them  for  450  years.  One 
Menas  brought  a  shaver  from  Sicily, 
when  smooth  chins  became  the  general 
fashion,  except,  in  times  of  affliction, 
when  a  ragged  beard,  neglected  hair, 
a  slovenly  look,  and  a  pale  countennnoe, 
were  the  usual  marks  of  mourning.  The 
medal  is  in  very  excelleni  preservation, 
and  covered  with  dark  brown  ])atiuB ;  it 
was  found  near  Algiers,  in  1814,  and  pre- 
sented to  me  shortly  afterwards. 

RettTite.  LOCVPLETATORI  OR- 
BIS  TERRAR\TVf.  On  the  exergum 
•S.  C.  This  title  is  a  high  compliment  to 
the  niuniHccncc  of  Hadrian,  both  at  home 
and  abroad ;  and  as  he  was  the  only  one 
who  received  so  honourable  a  designation, 
so  was  he  the  only  one  who  truly  merited 
it.  He  is  seated  un  a  cunde  chair  upon 
a  suggestnm.  Beside  him  stands  a  fe- 
male,  symbolical  of  lilverality,  who  is 
pouring  out  riches  from  a  coroucopioj 
into  the  vests  of  two  citisens  beluw  her." 

In  taking  leave  of  our  author,  we 
have  to  express  a  hope  tliat  further 
consideration  will  induce  him  to  pre- 
pare an  edition  uf  his  valuable  and 
entertaining  work  for  the  benefit  uf 
the  public. 


Afriean  Sketches,    By  the  late  Thomas 
Priiigle.  l'2mo. 

ONK  of  the  moat  pleasing;  and  inte- 
restin":^  volumes  that  has  lately  passed 
beneath  our  notice.  The  poettyis  much 
above     racdiocritv,      and     ^nmrtimea 


I 


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180 


Rbtiiw. — ^Pring^'s  AJriemn  Sketehe*. 


[Feb. 


reaches  a  Bigh  degree  of  excellence ; 
it  never  is  false  to  natare  and  truth. 
The  description  of  the  author's  loca- 
tion at  Glen-Cynda«r,  near  the  moun- 
tain-soarces  of  the  Fish  River,  with  his 
compatriots,  is  written  with  knowledge 
and  candour ;  the  advantages  and  dis- 
agreements fairly  stated ;  and  the  ac- 
coant  of  the  climate,  scenery,  and  pro- 
ductions ;  —  of  the  lion-bnots,  and 
elephant-chases— of  the  nocturnal  vi- 
sits of  hyenas  and  tiger-cats — the 
manners  and  life  of  the  Hottentots 
and  Caffre  tribes,  diversifies  the  nar- 
ration in  a  very  agreeable  manner. 
It  appears  that  tine  advantages  of  the 
settlements  in  this  part  of  South 
Africa,  over  those  of  the  Canadas, 
consist  in  the  greater  mildness  and 
serenity  of  the  climate ;  and  conse- 
quently in  the  absence  of  those  tron 
tt»d  terrific  winitrt  which  lock  up  the 
earth  and  the  works  of  man  in  their 
icy  grasp  for  so  many  months  in  the 
Western  World.  Tlie  great  drawback 
is  to  be  found  in  a  very  great  irre- 
gularity of  seasons, — a  cessation  of 
rain  for  long  periods —  and  a  tendency 
to  mildew  or  blight  among  theCerealia. 
But  after  all,  if  a  man  is  not  carried 
off  by  a  baboon,  to  be  tutor  to  his  fa- 
mily in  the  woods ;  or  impaled  on  the 
horn  of  a  rhinoceros ;  if  the  elephants 
don't  save  him  the  expense  of  reaping 
his  com ;  andiftheostrichesdon't  swal- 
low the  locks  and  handles  of  his  doors ; 
or  if  the  lions  don't  devour  his  saddles 
as  well  as  his  horses — ^he  may  manage 
to  live  very  comfortably,  and  to  thrive 
on  the  increase  of  his  Merino  flocks. 

We  were  so  much  pleased  with  two 
little  poems  by  the  author's  friend  Mr. 
Fairbairn,  that  we  shall  extract  them 
for  the  reader's  delight. 

SONirBT. 
I  fouDd  Uie  •troun  among  tlie  hilh  by  night, 
Itt  toarce  was  hidden,  and  ia  end  nnknown ; 
But  heaven  was  in  its  bosom,  and  the  thranc 
Which  there  th«8nn  Alls  betntifniiy  bright. 
Here  lield  the  lesser  and  the  lovelier  light. 
Nor  seem'd  the  excelling  Beauty  less  alooe. 
Because  the  Stars,  her  hand-maids,  round  her 

shonr. 
And  homelier  Earth  did  with  the  throng  unite. 
I  thought  not  of  its  »ourre  nor  of  its  ending, 
Twas  but  the  mirror  of  enchanting  thinfs 
Where  Heaven  and  Eaith  their  softest  graces 

blending,  [springs. 

Bound  the  new  world  which  from  their  union 
Thus  be  my  soul  Truth's  purified  abode, 
Whence,  or  for  what  I  am,  is  thine,  O  Ood. 


THB   HBART  8   CONntSSIOX. 
Heart- wnmg  with  grief  and  bitter  care. 
Thy  wounds  unsalv'd,  and  bleeding  stilly 
Who  pierc'dthee  thus,  poor  heart !  declari^ 
— 'Twaa  my  own  will . 

Thy  will ! — what  tempter  full  of  guile 
Could  turn  thee  from  thy  hopes  aside. 
And  life's  yonng  walk  with  wrath  defile, 
— 'Twas  my  own  pride. 

Bad  Counsellor !  when  all  around 
Great,  fair,  and  good,  conapir'd  to  more, 
From  htmible  joys  what  had  thee  bound, 
— 'Twas  my  self-love. 

Alas !  the  Charities  were  near, 
The  Duties  too,  an  armed  troop, 
To  guide,  to  fortify,  to  cheer, 

— I  cotdd  not  stoop. 

Faith  stretch'd  from  heaven  her  goldeik 

key, 
And  Purity,  twice-born,  before 
Hie  narrow  portal,  beckon'd  thee, 

— I  could  not  soar. 

Wretched,  from  earth  and  hraven  returned 
Empty,  what  findest  thou  within, 
To  balance  what  thy  madness  spumed 

— Error  and  sin  1 


A  Di$tertat*#it  on  the  Antiquitiee  qf 
the  Priory  qf  Great  Maivem  tn  fVor- 
eesterahire.  By  the  Rev.  H.  Card, 
D.D.  F.A.S.  8fc.  Vicar  of  Great 
Mahem.  4/o,  pp.  58. 
THIS  work  is  quite  »ui  generis;  too 
magnificent  for  a  guide;  too  discur- 
sive and  incomplete  for  a  history ;  and 
too  destitute  of  plates  to  class  with 
books  on  church  architecture.  It  is 
styled  by  the  author  "  a  dissertation 
on  the  antiquities  of  the  priory,"  by 
which  last  word  we  find  he  means  the 
present  church ;  and  our  best  account 
of  the  book  will  therefore  be  to  state 
what  those  antiquities  are.  Passing  a 
hasty  sketch  of  some  of  the  events  in 
the  history  of  the  monastery,  and  a 
notice,  or  more  properly  speaking  a 
bare  allusion,  to  the  architecture  of 
the  church  (stating  that  it  is  an  elegant 
specimen  of  Uie  latest  Pointed  style, 
with  interior  remains  of  early  Norman 
origin,)  we  therefore  proceed  to  the 
"  antiquities,"  which  we  find  to  con- 
sist o(  the  stained  glass,  the  coffin  and 
epitaph  of  Prior  Walcher,  an  early 
sepulchral  effigy,  a  monument  with 
effigies  of  Queen  Elizabeth's  time,  some 
carved  seats,  the  richly  ornamented 
glazed  tiles,  and  an  ancient  bell.  In 
Dr.  Card's  "  dissertation "  on  these 


BVIBW/ 


.  H  AittiquUiea  of  Great  Mm 


several  sabjecte,  we  confess  we  have  not 
discovered  any  remarks  of  peculiar 
novelty  or  acumen  ;  bat  they  princi- 
pally answer  the  purpose  of  pegs 
whereon  to  hong  a  string  of  trite  quo- 
tations on  the  moat  miscellaneous  sub- 
jects, from  Gibbon,  Hallam,  the  Spec- 
tator, and  other  authors  of  equal 
scarcity. 

In  briefly  recapitulating  the  anti- 
quities, we  shall  supply  some  references 
which  Dr.  Card  has  omitted. 

Of  the  stained  glass  some  of  the 
mo6t  sumptuous  portions  were  erected 
by  Sir  Reginald  Bray,  whose  architec- 
tural taste  was  so  eminently  di&played 
at  Westminster  and  at  Windsor.  He 
was  a  native  of  tlie  county  of  Worces- 
ter. His  object  in  the  Malvern  window 
seems  to  have  been  to  perpetuate  a 
memorial  of  his  friendship  with  Sir 
John  Savage,  and  Sir  Thomas  Lovell. 
who  were  the  principal  attendants  on 
the  Queen  and  Prince  Arthur,  as  he 
was  himself  on  Henry  the  Seventh. 
These  six  distinguished  personageei 
were  all  represented  in  a  series  of 
pieces,  each  three  feet  high  by  two  feet 
wide,  in  the  usual  kneeling  attitude  of 
devotion  ;  having  under  them  the  fol- 
lowing inscriptioD  :  "  Orate  pro  bono 
statu  nobilisbimietexcellentissimi regis 
Henrici  eeptimi  et  Eliiabethe  regine 
ac  domini  Arthuri  principis  filii  eorun- 
dem,  nee  non  predilectissime  consortia 
sue,  et  suorum  trium  militum."  Dr. 
Card  says,  "  Dr.  Nash  (Hist,  of  Wore, 
ii.  131)  is  chargeable  with  an  error  in 
an  eminent  degree  when  be  translates 
miUtnm  into  etquirvg;"  but  was  it  likely 
he  should  have  committed  suchablun- 
der  ?  We  find  he  was  translating  from 
Dr.  Thomas's  Antiqnitatea  Malverne, 
where  the  two  Knights  are  each  st^'Ied 
"  Arm."  and  therefore  the  error  (as  it 
certainly  is)  must  be  ascribed  to  that 
author.  As  the  "  consort"  of  Prince 
Arthur  is  mentioned  in  the  inscrip- 
tion (though  her  figure  was  not  in- 
serted), the  glasa  was  probably  erected 
about  1501,  when  the  Prince  was  mar- 
ried :  he  died  in  1502. 

TTie  two  remaining  figures.  Prince 
Arthur  and  Sir  Reginald  Bray,  are 
engraved  in  Strutt's  "  Manners,  Cus- 
toms," &c.  pi.  Ix. ;  and  more  accu- 
rately in  two  folio  plates  of  Carter's 
"  Ancient  Scnlplure  and  Painting." 
We  need  only  add  on  this  subject  that 
there  is  a  complete  account  of  the 
painted  glass,  before  its  reduction  and 


4 
4 


re-arrangement,  in  Nash's  History  of 
Worcestershire. 

The  ancient  effigy  of  a  warrior  is 
singular  from  his  long-handled  iron 
hammer  and  small  circular  target ;  his 
clothing  is  chain  mail  and  a  long 
surcoat.  It  has  been  engraved  ta 
Carter's  Ancient  Sculpture  and  Paint- 
ing, and  with  great  accuracy  in  Stot- 
hard's  Monumental  Effigies.  In  the 
former  work  it  is  attributed  to  the 
Conqueror's  reign ;  but  in  the  latter  is 
more  correctly  made  contemporary 
with  Ear!  Longespe's  tigure  at  Salis- 
bury', which  is  early  in  the  reign  of 
Henn,-  III. 

The  other  monument  is  not  extraor- 
dinary, being  of  Elizabeth's  reign, 
with  recumbent  effigies  of  John  Knot- 
tesford,  Jane  bis  wife  who  was  motlier 
of  John  Lord  Lomley,  and  a  kneeling 
figure  of  Mrs.  Anne  Savage  their 
daughter.  In  Dr.  Card's  copy  of  the 
epitaph,  for  "  narnvd  to  Mr.  William 
Lumley,"  read  "  married."  The  re- 
maining sepulchral  memorials  in  the 
church  Dr.  Card  has  not  noticed,  and 
it  certainly  was  unnecessary,  as  most 
of  the  epitaphs  have  been  printed 
several  times  before.* 

The  encaustic  tiles  in  the  church 
have  been  lately  noticed  in  our  Ma- 
gazine (Oct.  1833,  p.  302),  particu- 
larly that  with  the  remarkable  old 
English  verses.  Wc  presume  Dr. 
Card  has  not  seen  our  article;  as 
he  has  perpetuated  from  Nealc's 
"Churches"  the  errors  of  turrt  for 
sure,  and  gwfst  (it  was  gnui  in  Neale) 
for  kf?put.  We  cannot  commend  his 
accuracy  in  this  particular.  'ITiere  ^i 
seems  to  be  no  second  similar  inscrip-  ^f 
tion  on  the  tiles;  but  there  are  several  ^| 
armorial  shields  which  are  described, 
not  from  their  present  appearance,  but 
from  an  old  MS.  of  Charles  I.'s  time^ 
And  here  wc  have  a  notable  example 
of  Dr.  Card's  style  of  composition : 
be  says  (in  his  remarks  introducing 
that  description),  that  among  the  arm* 
are  "  those  of  the  woman-hearted 
Confessor,  of  Henry  VII.,  of  thm 
Abbey  of  Westminster,"  &c.  Th« 
Confessor  U  here  called  "  tronum^ 
hearted"   (In  a  list  of  coats  of  anas  !> 

•  Up  to  1817  they  are  included  ia 
ChamMcs's  History  of  Malvern,  8vo. 
There  is  an  artirle  on  Malvera  rhurrli^ 
with  three  good|pl«te9,  in  Neale'sChurcbctt, 
1894 ;  and  another,  with  five  plates,  in  the 
Antiqasrion  Cabinet,  IH07. 


I 


I 


Rbtirw. — Pamphletf  on  the  Chine  Trade. 


in  order  that  "the  accuracy  of  this 
epithet"  may  be  disputfd  in  a  note, 
which  occupies  one  half  of  page  32  ; 
but  the  best  of  it  is,  that,  not  only  has 
the  "  epithet"  no  business  there  (by 
our  author's  own  showing),  but  the 
very  name  is  an  intrusion  also.  The 
arms  attributed  to  the  Cnnfessor  are 
identical  with  those  of  the  Abbey  of 
Westminster,  which  was  connected 
with  Malvern,  as  described  by  the  old 
writer :  "  A  cross  tnoline  inter  5 
martlets  for  y*  Abbey  of  Westminster, 
to  w'*"  this  Priory  belonged,"  So  we 
find'  the  Confessor  has  nothing  to  do 
with  the  matter.  But  if  the  tiles  can 
sustain  two  characters,  so  can  the 
kiln  in  which  they  were  burnt.  In 
p.  33  we  are  told  that  "  this  branch  of 
encaustic  painting"*  occupird  "much 
of  the  leisure  time  of  the  monks  !  "  and 
Mr.  Egintun  the  architect,  gives  his 
opinion  that  "  the  same  ingenuity 
which  planned  this  church,  discovered 
this  means  of  ornamentiitg  it;"  and 
yet  the  very  kiln,  iii  which  fragments 
of  tiles  proved  to  have  been  of  the 
fifteenth  century  t  were  found,  is  en- 
titled io  p.  63  "  A  Roman  Tile- 
kiln  ! ! ! " 

The  grotesque  carvings  under  the 
oak  seats  are  such  as  are  found  in 
many  conventual  and  collegiate 
churches ;  but  it  may  be  mentioned  that 
six  of  them  are  engraved  in  Carter's 
"Ancient  Sculpture  and  Painting." 

The  ancient  bell  has  an  inscription 
in  the  open  Lombardic  capitals  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  It  is  not  clear  to 
what  age  Dr.  Card  would  attribute  it ; 
but  apparently  to  that  of  "  the  Anglo- 
SaxouB." 

In  p.  12  Dr.  Card  speaks  of  "  eateh- 
poUU,  uAeia styled"  in  Wicliff's  New 
Testament :  we  apprehend  the  word  is 
the  plural  of  catchpoll. 

The  passage  (p.  17)  from  Domesday 
Book,  stating  that  a  Bishop,  on  tlic 
death   of  his   tenant   Sirof,    had   be- 


•  It  ran  acarcclj,  with  propriety,  bo 
callctl  punting:  the  pattern  wu  stamped 
on  Ibe  cliiy,  and  thr  inilrntcd  parts  then 
fillrd  with  another  compositioD  (also  clay 
»c  prcsiUDc),  which  on  burning  took  a 
different  colour. 

t  Some  are  (or  were)  listed  \A5:l,  utbcn 
*'  anno  r.  H.  VI.  nxvj"  (Nash,  ii.  132); 
an  imiKirtant  circumstance,  not  notii-etj 
by  Dr.  Card. 


k 


stowed  the  daughter  with  the  land  oo 
one  of  his  own  knights,  is  no  proof  of 
the  alienation  of  church  property  "  in 
favour  of  relations  and  friends."  The 
Bishop  gave  nothing  to  his  favoured 
knight  but  the  hand  of  the  damsel,  the 
marriage  of  his  ward,  which  was  at 
his  disposal  in  the  due  course  of  feudal 
law  ;  and  the  land  continued  as  much 
the  property  of  the  see  in  the  tmaticy 
of  the  new  occupier,  as  it  had  been 
during  that  of  Sirof. 

We  are  at  a  loss  to  understand  what 
is  signified  by  "Tanner's  M.  T.  Valor" 
in  p.  18  ;  and  wc  are  .sorry  to  have 
found  hO  much  Af-T-ness  in  this  vo.. 
lume  :  which  is  beautifully  printed  oi 
the  finest  wove  paper,  and  is  in  tfc 
respect  perfectly  worthy  of  presenta-' 
tiou  to  the  Duchess  of  Kent,  to  whom 
it  is  dedicated.  From  his  proximity 
to  a  fashionable  watering-place,  we  do 
not  doubt  that  Dr.  Card  is  well  qua)i>  ~ 
lied  to  act  as  the  polite  and  courtoowl] 
c-jccrtwie  to  the  priory  church  ;  thougt 
sometimes  he  may  find  his  visitors' 
more  knowing  than  himself,  as  he  tells 
U9  Lord  Colchester  was  the  first  to 
[loint  out  to  him  the  arms  of  Richard 
111.  in  the  window,  and  King  Leopold 
to  enlighten  him  on  the  architectural 
features  characteristic  of  the  Saxons  ; 
and  we  certainly  doubt  the  prudence 
of  his  having  placed  himself  io  the 
"  capacity  of  historiographer  of  the 
abbey."  For  his  unwearied  exertiona 
in  upholding  the  fabric  and  the  ancient 
ornaments  of  the  church,  and  in  pro- 
moting subscriptions  for  neccaary  re- 
pairs, he  deserves  everv  praise. 


I.  Obnervations  on  the  China  Trade, 
and  on  the  importartce  and  ndvantagea 
of  remarimj  it  from  Canton,  to  tome 
other  part  of  the  Cwiat  of  that  Em- 
pire, liy  Sir  James  Brabozon  Urm- 
ston,  late  Preiident  of  the  //onuwr- 
nble  East  India  Company'M  Factory 
at  China,     8vo,  pp.149. 

II.  Corrected  Fepfrrt  of  the  Sprechet  qf 
Sir  George  Staunton,  on  the  China 
Trade,  in  the  Huvae  of  f.'ommont, 
June  4  and  13,  1833.*  with  an  Ap- 
pendix.    8vo,  pp.  65. 

III.  Foreign  Trade  of  China  divetted 
of  monojioly.  rettriciioM,  and  hazardt 
by  mean9  of  inmiar  eommereuU  «/a- 
tiant.     8vo.  pp.  110. 

THE  ChincAc  Empire  is  now  pretty 


m 


tKYTKW. — Urmston  on  the  China  Trdae^ 


well  nnderstood  to  contaio  a  popula- 
tion of  not  less  than  36u,000,uoo;  and 
although  the  Chinese  are  destitute  of 
the  light  of  Divine  Truth,  and  still  un- 
der the  cloud  of  idolatry,  they  arc  an 
educated,  a  polished,  and  in  many  re- 
spects the  reverse  of  a  barbarous 
people.  The  government  of  this  great 
aation  is  strictly  monarchical,  with- 
out any  admixture  of  representative 
autboritj' ;  but  it  is,  nevertheless,  not 
B  military  dcspolisinr  but  a  i^ort  of  pa- 
triarchal establishnkcnt  sanctioned  by 
the  passive  acquiescence  of  an  intelli- 
geat  and  prosperous  comm unity. 
Having  almost  the  entire  possession  of 
a  coatinentj  the  Government  has  not 
hud  to  mainlain  such  foreign  relations 
as  are  attended  either  with  expense  or 
uneasiness.  With  the  Russian  em- 
pire, its  most  powerful  and  northern 
neighbour,  it  appears  to  have  lived! 
long  in  perfect  harmony;  and  to  those 
foreigners  who  desire  intercourse  with 
China  by  sea,  the  Emperor  has  hitherto 
taken  upon  himself  to  prescribe  the 
terms  of  that  intercourse,  without  en- 
tering into  treaty  with  them. 

The  list  of  those  foreign  maritime 
Mates,  who  have  thus  desired  inter- 
course with  China,  includes  Great 
Britain ;  with  whom  the  Chinese  have 
allowed  and  kept  up,  or,  as  their  pub- 
lic documents  express  it,  permitted  a 
commercial  intercourse  for  about  two 
centuries,  giving  us  their  tea  in  return 
for  the  productions  of  Europe. 

This  intercourse  by  sea,  for  reasons 
which  may  be  presumed  to  have  been 
satisfactory  to  the  Government  of 
China,  was  restricted  in  the  year  1757 
to  the  port  of  Canton,  at  which  port  a 
ver}'  large  and  increasing  trade  has 
since  been  carried  on  by  China  with 
foreign  nations,  the  management  and 
monopoly  of  that  portion  of  it  enjoyed 
by  Great  Britain  having,  till  lately,  been 
confided  by  our  own  Government  to 
the  East  India  Company. 

To  these  facts  it  appeared  necessary 
brieSy  to  advert,  in  order  that  the 
value  of  the  opijiions  and  argument.'^ 
contained  in  the  tracts  before  us  might 
be  the  better  understood. 

Sir  J.  B.  Urmston  has  discovered 
that  the  port  of  Canton  is  "  one  of 
the  very  worst  places  in  the  Empire 
which  could  have  been  choi«en  as  an 
emporium  for  the  British  trade"  with 
Chinaj  and  be  would  have  preferred  the 


island  of  Chusan  (T-Chusan,  which  ia 
in  N.  lal.  30,  26,  E„  long.  121,  41). 
His  objections  to  Canton  are  Jirsi, 
that  the  commerce  there  is  attended 
by  frequent  collisions  or  "  Hquuhhht" 
between  the  European  and  American 
traders  and  the  Chinese  ;  anA  srcondly , 
that  the  value  of  the  tea  which  is 
brought  to  Canton  through  somewhat 
more  than  400  miles  of  country  from 
districts  in  the  interior,  ia  tnerebv 
considerably  enhanced,  and  that  it 
might  be  supplied  at  much  less  cost, 
and  with  much  less  labour  from  ports 
on  the  coast. 

In  considering  these  objections,  it 
should  be  remembered  that  they  are 
the  objections  of  n  native  of  Great 
Britain,  and  founded  altogether  on  his 
views  of  his  own  and  his  country's 
interests,  without  respect  to  those 
of  China.  The  Emperor  proba- 
bly tries  questions  of  this  kind  by 
a  Chiiwse,  and  not  an  English  test; 
and  scarcely  any  thing  can  be  more 
evident  than  that  the  complaints  of 
delay,  and  increased  expcnce  here 
made  (if  considered  with  reference  to 
Chinese  interests),  would  he  satisfac- 
torily met  by  statements  of  much 
greater  advantages  resulting  therefrom 
to  the  Government  and  people  of 
China.  The  transit  of  the  Tea.  ac- 
cording to  the  interesting  description 
of  it  on  pp.  10  to  15,  over  hills  and 
along  roads,  by  rivers  and  canals,, 
nearly  across  theEraperor'sdominions, 
while  it  enhances  the  price  to  the 
fnreiyn  consumer,  at  the  same  time 
furnishes  employment  for  thousands, 
or  even  millions,  of  the  Emperor's  own 
subjects.  It  also  unites  the  inhabit- 
ants of  distant  inland  districts  in  cor- 
dial co-operation,  and  in  one  common 
interest,  and  secures  to  the  Emperor 
the  punctual  payment  of  his  own  re- 
venue from  this  article,  the  staple  pro- 
duction of  his  country.  These  weighty 
considerations,  added  to  the  fact  of  still 
more  weight — that  by  the  present  ar- 
rangement the  peace  of  his  country 
is  preserved,  which  were  he  to  open 
all  his  ports  to  foreigners,  from  coun- 
tries BO  remote  and  inaccessible  as 
Great  Britain,  might  be  much  endan- 
gered, would,  we  presume,  be  admitted 
before  any  unprejudiced  tribunal,  as 
furni.shing  n  justiticatiun  of  the  policy 
pursued  by  the  Government  of  China. 

With  equal  success  would  the  charge 


I 


184 


Rsniw. — Steonton  on  tie  China  Trmie- 


[Feb. 


that  the  Govenunent  of  China  is  anti- 
coDunercial,  be  met  by  a  reference  to 
the  fact,  that  under  tlvese  restrictioBS 
the  Chinese  Tea  trade  has  grown  to 
an  immense  magnitude,  and  that  it 
has  been  hitherto  as  profitable  to  all 
parties  concerned  in  it,  as  it  las  been 
extensive. 

The  conduct  of  the  Chinese  towards 
foreigners,  is  described  in  several  parts 
of  this  pamphlet  as  arbitrary  and 
hostile ;  but  we  do  not  observe  that 
the  author  any  where  represents  the 
conduct  of  Europeans  to  have  been 
calculated  to  provoke  hostility ;  nor 
do  we  find  him  advert  in  terms  of  cen- 
sure, certainly  not  of  merited  censure, 
to  any  one  of  the  acts  of  unprovoked 
aggression  which  are  described  on  the 
records  of  the  Company,  to  which  he 
had  access,  as  having  been  committed 
by  Europeans. 

II.  In  the  Speech  of  Sir  George 
Staunton,  the  evils  consequent  on  a 
tlrarough  rupture  with  the  Chmese 
Government,  are  described  in  strong, 
and,  we  believe,  accurate  terms,  ae 
involving  the  interests  of  private  Eu- 
ropeans and  Americans,  who  had 
traded  with  China,  tqwMii  with  those 
of  the  more  directly  accredited  repre- 
•entatives  of  the  Company  or  the  Bri- 
tish Government. 

*'  I  do  not,"  he  observes  on  p.  15, 
"  contend  that  a  considerable  smuggling 
trade  in  T«i  would  not  surive  the  ter- 
mination of  oar  legitimate  trade,  if  im- 
fortunately  interrupted ;  bat  I  do  ccm- 
tend  that  it  is  setting  aside  all  ezperienoe 
to  say,  that  such  aclutnge,  if  it  oahappOy 
took  place,  would  not  be  extremely  dis- 
advantageous to  dus  country." 

This  is  the  judgment  of  a  man  of 
considerable  information,  and  deserv- 
ing of  attention;  and  on  which  time 
will  probably  furnish  us  with  a  prac- 
tical comment.  We  will,  however,  here 
observe,  thatit  is  difficult  to  divine  how 
tile  disadvantages  contemplated  by  Sir 
George  Staunton  can  be  avoided  by 
his  plan  of  forming  insular  ertablish- 
ments,  without  the  concurrence, 
and  probably  in  defiance  of  the 
Chinese  Government.  The  Tea,  we 
apprehend,  would  still  be  brought 
from  the  Continent,  and  this  most  be 
done  either  by  Chinese  junks  or  British 
trading  vessels.  In  the  former  case, 
what  security  will  the  merchant  pos- 
sess for  punctuality  in  the  ffuf^ly,  or 
9 


for  the  quality  of  the  article  ?  Hie 
East- India  Company  possessed  secu- 
rity in  the  responsibility  of  the  native 
merchants,  or  Hong,  such  as  it  may 
be  presumed  traders  along  the  coast 
can  never  obtain ;  a  security  which, 
as  appears  in  evidence,  has  enabled  the 
Company  to  destroy  in  this  country 
Tea  of  bad  character,  by  causing  it  to 
be  thrown  overboard  at  the  Nore,  and 
by  forwarding  a  certificate  of  the  fact 
to  their  supercargoes  at  Canton,  thwe 
to  recover  the  cost  price  of  the  Tea, 
with  all  charges  of  transit.  In  the 
latter  case,  that  of  British  traders  be- 
ing employed  to  bring  the  Tea  from 
the  coast  of  China,  we  see  not  how 
all  the  evils  of  collision  stated  to  have 
resulted  from  intercourse  with  the 
Qiinese  are  to  be  avoided,  or  rather 
as  we  suspect,  how  they  will  not  be 
augmented  in  exact  proportion,— ^Srvf, 
to  the  number  of  stations  along  the 
coast  of  China,  at  which  British  navi- 
gators may  cast  anchor ;  and,  •eeomiljr, 
to  the  less  intelligent  character  of  the 
agents  who  may  be  employed  in  the 
traffic. 

It  may  be  still  further  observed,  that 
by  setting  the  authority  of  the  Chinese 
Gk>vemment  at  nought,  that  Govern- 
ment may  be  led  to  treat  Europeans 
connected  with  this  smuggling  trade, 
in  sadi  a  manner  as  to  render  war  un- 
avoidable; the  declaration  of  war, 
with  great  impropriety  proceeding 
from  us,  although  in  a  similar  case 
we  should  have  pursued  the  same 
course. 

III.  "Die  pamphlet  which  wears  the 
imposing  title  of  "  The  Foreign  Trade 
of  China  divested  of  monopoly,  re- 
striction and  hazard,  by  means  of  in- 
sular commercial  stations,"  folly  deve- 
lopes  the  plans  of  the  speculators  for 
a  smuggling  trade  in  Tea,  as  a  substi- 
tute for  the  lately  abolished  legal  and 
reoognixed  traffic  in  that  commodity. 
The  author,  who  professes  to  throw 
great  light  on  the  subject,  has  extract- 
ed such  parts  only  of  the  evidence 
before  Parliament  asappeared  to  favour 
his  views,  and  recommends  as  his 
specific  remedy  for  the  evils  alleged  to 
arise  from  a  restricted  trade,  /Aree  com- 
mercial stations  on  the  coast,  with 
secure  ports  and  yui  governments, 
lliese  he  pr(^>08es  should  be  establish- 
ed among  the  islands  which  lie  within 
easy  reach  Qf  tht  coast  of  China.  The 


1835.] 


Rbticw. — Rose  en  Church  Hitiory 


I 


CTiistencc  of  sucli  convenient  stations, 
and  the  right  to  take  possession  of 
them  are  assumed,  and  any  claims 
which  the  Chinese  might  by  possibility 
have  opposed  to  the  project,  are  sum- 
marily dismissed  aa  "ridiculous." — 
(p.  60.)  The  porta  of  these  insular 
stations  arc,  of  necessity,  to  be  sufe 
9ad/rte,  being  oat  of  the  control  of 
"  one  of  the  most  corrupt  governmeats 
that  ever  weighed  down  the  energies 
of  a  people,"  a«  this  writer  very  tem- 
perately calls  the  Chinese.  It  is  also 
assumed,  as  a  matter  of  course,  that 
the  Governments  to  be  established  will 
be  just,  and  more  particularly  if  con- 
fided to  the  traders  themselves,  as  is 
shrewdly  suggested  in  page  87,  as  a 
measure  of  economy.  It  is  further- 
more  taken  for  granted,  that  Chinese 
merchants  will  resort  to  and  entrust 
tliemselves  on  these  islands  so  govern- 
ed, and  that  they  will  settle  there 
even  in  defiance  of  their  own  govern - 
ment,  and  with  the  certain  prospect  of 
cipatriation  should  that  government 
be  excited  to  hostilities  against  us. 
We  must  also  take  it  for  granted,  that 
the  Chinese  who  settle  on  thes«  islands 
will,  unlike  their  much  reviled  coun- 
trymen, be  all  cither  innately  just,  or 
submissive  to  the  insukr  governments  ; 
and  that  Tea  will  be  readily  brought 
from  the  inland  provinces  where  it  is 
grown,  to  the  shores  of  the  continent, 
and  thence  to  these  foreign  insular 
stations,  notwithf^tanding  any  means 
which  the  Kmperor  of  China  might  be 
provoked  to  employ  for  its  prevention. 
All  these  important  considerations 
assumed  as  things  of  course,  it  is  con- 
cluded that  the  trade  thus  to  he  carried 
on  will  be  without  hazard  or  restraint, 
and  certainly  no  part  of  it  monapolizcJ, 
not  even  by  those  merchants  who  ao 
cheerfully  and  condescendingly  tender 
their  services  to  step  into  the  shoes  of 
the  old  monopolists  the  East-India 
Company,  and  adminitter  the  Insular 
govfriNiiPtits, 

Satisfied  as  we  are  that  these 
schemes  are  to  a  considerable  extent 
illusory,  and  being  persuaded,  on  the 
concurrent  testimony  of  all  historj', 
that  British  and  other  mariners  have 
at  all  times  needed  the  control  of 
an  independent  and  energetic  govern- 
inent  on  the  spot,  in  order  to  prevent 
the  spirit  of  mercantile  enterprize  from 
nmniog  wild,  and  dcvencrating  into 

UtMT.  Mag.  Vol.  IIL 


piracy  and  buccaneering,  we  dismiss 
the  pamphlet  before  us,  merely  ob- 
serving that  it  is  written,  as  several 
recent  publications  respecting  China 
have  been  written,  in  a  strain  of  very 
ane<lifying  vituperation,  and  that  it 
contains  suggestions  of  a  character 
highly  dishonourable  to  our  country. 


1.  T^e  Study  of  Church  History.  ^- 

By  Hugh  James  Rose,  B.D. 

2.  Fisidictttion  of  the  /?«'.  Jo*.  Milner 
ayainst  the  Judi/ment  pronouticed 
against  him  btf  H.  J.  Ruse.  By  John 
Scott,  M.  A. 

THE  animation,  the  elegance,  the 
learning,  and  the  piety  of  Mr.  Rose's 
Divinity  Lecture  must  be  felt  by  all. 
His  observations  on  the  great  and  high 
principles  of  our  elder  Divines,  and 
the  injury  induced  first  by  the  Puritans, 
and  aubaequently  by  the  U)V  Church 
Divines,  is  most  forcibly  and  admirably 
urged.  Nor  is  his  defence  of  the 
littlc-reod-hut- much  -  abused  -  School- 
men, less  worthy  of  him.  In  both 
these  ijoints  Mr.  Rose  might,  if  he  had 
chosen,  have  oppealed  to  the  great  au- 
thority of  the  late  Mr,  Coleridge,  who 
would  have  gone  with  him  to  the  length 
of  his  argument  In  his  criticism  on 
our  Church  Historians,  Mr.  Hose  men- 
tionsMilneros  "a  man  of  feeble  powers 
and  limited  views  :*'  and  speaks  lightly 
of  his  Histor)'.  This  calls  up  Mr- 
Scott  to  the  defence  of  Milner'a  in- 
jured reputation ;  and  he  endeavours 
to  bring  forward  a  host  of  wituesses 
to  rebut  Mr.  Rose's  opinion.  We  are 
afraid  that  we  shall  not  satisfy  Mr. 
Scott,  in  saying  that  we  hope  to  see 
a  far  better  history  of  the  Church  than 
Milner's  it> ;  and  hod  it  been  ail  he 
says,  its  popularity  and  its  sale  would, 
in  tlie  utter  deficiency  of  Church  His- 
tories, have  been  far  more  extended 
than  it  ever  was.  But,  at  the  same 
lime,  we  think  Mr.  Rose's  expression 
of  '  feeble  powers'  might  have  been 
withheld,  or  at  least  confined  to  the 
execution  of  that  work  to  which  he 
alludes ;  and  perhaps  this  was  his 
intention,  as  would  appear  by  its  be- 
ing joined  to  '  limited  views.'  The 
manner  in  which  Mr.  Scott  meets  this, 
is  by  bringing  forward  the  testimony 
of  persons  distinguished  fortheir  learn- 
ing or  talents,  in  favour  of  the  enlarged 
mind  and  varied  attainments  of  Mr. 
2  U 


I 
I 

I 


186 


Review. — Inglis's  Ireland  in  1834. 


[Feb. 


Milner.  As,  however,  they  appear  to 
be  all  of  them  friends,  or  papils,  or 
conaected  by'  certain  similiarity  of 
views  with  him,  perhaps  their  minds 
might  be  undengnedly  biassed  in  favour 
of  him.  and  their  testimony  is  to  be 
viewed  rather  as  that  flowing  fiom  a 
grateful  and  kind  heart,  than  from  an 
impartial  judgment.  However  that 
may  be,  the  dispute  in  question  will 
ultimately  be  most  correctly  adjudged 
by  the  public — either  by  the  increas- 
ing reputation,  or  thedecline  of  Milner's 
History.  It  is  vain  to  appeal  from  this 
decision,  which  will  be  made  by  those 
conversant  with  the  depths  of  Theo- 
logy, and  removed  from  all  impres- 
sions of  favour  or  dislike. 


Ireland  tn  1834.    By  H.  D.  Inglis. 
2  vols. 

IT  is  not  often  that  a  traveller  can 
be  an  encyclopaedist  in  information — 
and  one  who  keeps  moving,  as  Mr. 
Inglis  does,  can  hope  to  make  Ihtle 
progress  in  knowledge  and  science  at 
home.  Mr.  Inglis  is  evidently  not  a 
person  of  extensive  acquirement,  nor 
does  he  appear  to  have  received  a 
scientific  education ;  but  he  has  acti- 
vity and  curibsity,  and  he  has  written 
a  book  on  Ireland,  which  will  be  use- 
ful to  all  persons  who  visit  that  conn- 
try  with  the  view  of  admiring  its  pic- 
turesque scenery,  and  observing  her 
domestic  and  political  state.  Mr.  In- 
glis should  not  venture  on  Botany,  of 
which  subject  he  is  very  ignorant. 
See,  for  instance,  vol.  i.  p.  128,  in 
which  he  expresses  his  surprise  that 
Holly  is  growing  in  the  open  air  with- 
out pots,  and  this  in  the  South  of  Ire- 
land, where  we  have  no  doubt  but  that 
one  species  of  Palm  would  grow  !  His 
work  is  quite  as  accurate,  and  much 
more  amusing  than  the  Itineraries  of 
Paterson  or  Gary,  or  even  the  illus- 
trious Mr.  Hogg,  whose  cry  about  his 
works  is  oiflen  greater  than  his  wool. 
Let  us  see  what  he  says  of  Youghall 
(vol.  i.  p.  179), 

'*  Nor  must  I  omit  to  mention  the  re- 
sidence of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  now  called 
Myrtle-grove,  one  of  the  few  buildings 
of  its  time  now  habitable.  This  ancient 
building  appears  now  nearly  as  it  appear- 
ed in  its  remote  day ;  the  style  of  the 
windows  only  has  been  changed,  and  the 
present  possessor  evinces  a  proper  respect 
for  the  antiquities  by  which  he  is  sor- 


ronnded.  The  interior  of  the  hooae  is 
oak  wainscotting,  and  in  the  drawing- 
room  the  chimney  piece  exhibits  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  carving  I  have 
ever  seen.  In  making  some  repairs  in 
this  house,  one  of  the  oldest  Bibles  ex- 
tant was  found  built  up  in  the  wall.  It 
hears  a  date  only  34  years  after  the  in- 
vention of  printing.  The  environs  of 
this  old  house  are  beautiftd,  and  are  re- 
markable for  the  exuberant  growth  of 
evergreens,  myrtles  and  verbena  espe- 
cially, both  of  which  have  attained  an 
extraordinary  perfection." 

Of  the  Protestant  Clergy,  and  Ca- 
tholic Priests,  he  thus  speaks, 

"  I  was  happy  to  find  the  Protestant 
Clergy  of  this  part  of  Ireland  greatly  re- 
spected, and  this  respect  is  evinced  in 
singular  ways.  From  time  to  time  con- 
siderable emigration  has  taken  place  from 
this  part  of  Ireland  to  America,  and  it  is 
not  unusual  for  remittances  to  be  sent 
home  from  the  Colonies  by  those  who 
have  emigrated,  for  the  use  of  their  poor 
relations.  Now  it  is  a  carious  fact,  and 
a  fact  that  consists  with  my  knowledge, 
that  Catholic  emigrants  send  their  remit- 
tances to  the  care  not  of  the  Catholic 
Prieat,  but  of  the  Protestant  Clergyman, 
to  be  distributed  by  him  among  those 
pointed  out.  The  same  respect  for,  and 
reliance  on  the  Protestant  Clergyman,  is 
evinced  in  other  ways.  It  is  not  at  all 
unusual  for  Catholics,  possessed  of  a  little 
money,  to  have  the  Protestant  Clergyman 
their  executor,  in  preference  to  their  own 
priest,  or  to  any  other  individual.  The 
Irish  peasant  has  naturally  a  respect  for, 
and  confidence  in  a  gentleman,  of  what- 
ever persuasion  he  is.  The  influence  of 
the  Catholic  Priesthood  is  seen  on  all 
occasions,  excepting  those  in  which  the 
guardianship  of  money  is  concerned,  and 
it  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  influence  is 
not  always  well  exerted.  Every  one  who 
knows  anything  of  magisterial  business 
in  Ireland,  or  who  has  had  opportunities 
of  attending  assizes  or  sessions,  will  know 
that  their  influence  is  frequently  exerted 
in  co-operation  with  the  peasantry  against 
the  law,  and  in  screening  criminals  from 
its  operation.  A  hundred  instances  of 
this  are  on  record.  I  know  a  case  in  the 
county  of  Longford,  of  a  man  being  put 
upon  his  trial  for  abduction,  when  the 
Priest  volunteered  to  give  the  man  a 
character;  and  yet  the  individual  tried 
had  been  concerned  in  two  other  cases  of 
abduction  ;  and  it  came  out,  in  a  cross- 
examination,  that  these  facts  were  per- 
fectly known  to  the  volunteering  Priest.  I 
do  look  upon  it,  as  most  important  to  the 
civilization  and  to  the  peace  of  Ireland, 


1835.]         Review. — History  of  the  Fortifications  of  York. 


18; 


thnt  a  betttr  order  qf  Catholic  Pricgtbood 

should  b<:  roiseil.    Taken  as  they  are  at 

pretent,  from  the  very  inferior  clusset, 

they  go  to  Maynooth,  and  are  reared  in 

.monkish  ii^orance  and  bigotry  ;  and  they 

ijo  to  their  curesj  with  a  narrow  c(laca> 

grafted   on    tlie  original  prejudices, 

&d  habits  of  thinking,  which  belong  to 

^the  chiss  unoog  which  their  early  years 

irtre  passed." 

From  the  view  which  Mr.  Inglis 
gives  of  the  present  state  of  Ireland, 
as  regards  her  internal  economy,  we 
should  consider  her  main  evil  to  lie  in 
atno&t  suptrabvnilnnt  juijiulathm,  which 
produces  extrarnijnnt  renin,  and  dejiregs- 
ed  wagps,  a*  the  natural  results.  We 
[arc  then  to  add  a  bigoted  Catholic 
Priesthood,  an  ignorant  race  of  small 
landed  proprietors,  a  party  spirit  of 
the  moot  violent  kind,  and  a  system 
of  agitation  founded  on  the  wants  and 
ignorance  of  the  people,  and  made 
subservient  to  the  sordid  interests  and 
base  ambition  of  the  most  factious 
idemago^ues.  We  have  the  pleasure 
fio  inform  the  author,  thnt  his  visit  to 
the  birth-place  of  G'oW»nii7 A  was  rather 
iU-arraage<l,  a3  he  mistouk  it  allot/eiker, 
lUid  may  plead  an  alias ! 

Tlie  History  and  AnliquHip^oflh^  For- 

tifirtitiotu  to   the  City  uf  Yurk.     Ry 

Henry  F.  Lockwood  and  Adolphus 

II.  Cates,  Architectn. 

THE  mural  defences  of  this  aacipot 

ritv,  even  in  the  state  in  which  they 

reached  our  day,  are  objects  of 

eat  interest  to  the  antiquary ;  and 

,icn  it  is  recollected  that  they  have 

idurcd  all  the  injuries  inflicted  by  a 

jog   protracted  siege,  in  addition  to 

\e  effects  of  two  centuries  of  neglect, 

is  a  matter  of  surprise  that  so  much 

lould  exist  to  attest  the  former  im- 

irtaiice  of  the  city  as  a  military  post. 

Etjually  the  key  to  northern  supre-* 

,  and  the  barrier  to    Scottish  ag- 

iaement,  its  militAry  streugth  form. 

subject  of  anxious  solicituile  to 

^'s  most  puissant  mooarchs ;  iind 

ak>ne  must  York  inscribe  every 

jur  dignity  of  which  it  stands  possessed, 
proud  superiority  rendered  it  the  vie- 
to  every  horror  of  successful  inva- 
I ;  and  yet  the  city  rose  again  from  its 
to  strike  an  exinrini;  blow  in  the 
It  of  falling  monarchy.     Althougli 
am  that  period    York  has  declined  in 
rlike  reputatiaa,  its  multitude  of  towers 


ftthi! 


she*. 


arouses  feelings  of  deep  interest,  even  in 
those  who  possess  tittle  relish  fur  the 
lore  of  antiquity." — Preface. 

Appreciating  the  value  of  these  re- 
mains as  works  of  art,  and  evidences 
of  the  manners  of  ages  long  past,  the 
authors  of  the  present  work  have  com- 
menced a  series  iif  illustrations  of  an- 
cient military  architecture  by  the  pub- 
lication of  the  present  treatise,  and 
we  arc  pleased  to  see  that  the  patron- 
age afforded  to  the  work  has  been 
such  as  to  induce  the  authors  to  ex- 
tend their  illustrations  beyond  the 
number  they  originally  contemplated. 
The  period  was  auspicious,  as  the  de- 
caying state  of  the  walls  had  attracted 
the  notice  of  the  learned  and  euliEht- 
encd  ioliabitants  of  the  city,  and  vi- 
gorons  measures  had  been  adopted 
and  carried  on  to  effect  their  preserva- 
tion ;  and  never  was  the  spirit  which 
now  prcrlominates  in  favour  of  the 
restoration  uf  our  valuable  monuments 
of  antitjuity,  exerted  on  a  more  lau- 
dable object  than  the  repairs  and  pre- 
servation of  the  walls  of  York. 

In  the  historical  department  the  au- 
thors have  properly  confined  tlieir  at- 
tention to  the  military  history  of  the 
city,  thus  preserving  an  entire  narra- 
tive of  the  events  in  which  the  walls 
and  towers  they  propose  to  illustrate, 
appear  in  a  prominent  light ;  these 
historical  illustrations  extend  from  the 
darkest  ages  of  traditional  history  to 
the  present  year. 

The  military  importance  of  York  is 
not  confined  to  any  one  age  or  a  single 
dynasty  ;  from  the  earliest  [»eriod  to 
which  history  extends,  it  appears  as  an 
important  place  of  defence.  The  works 
of  the  Britou.s  prior  to  the  Roman  con- 
quest are  lost  in  subsequent  works ; 
but  of  the  fortifications  of  the  Roman 
conquerors  there  are  stili  very  consi- 
derable remains.  The  authors  conr 
Elder  tlmt  at  the  period  when  AgricoU 
finally  suppressed  the  attempts  of  the 
injured  Britons  to  regain  their  liber- 
ties, the  attention  of  the  Romans  was 
first  drawn  to  the  site  ;  and,  after  re- 
ferring to  the  works  of  Hyginus  and 
Polyijius  on  the  subject  of  castra- 
mentation,  as  adopted  by  Agricola, 
the  authors  proceed  to  a  minute  exa- 
mination of  the  existing  remains  of 
the  Roman  period,  which  they  elucU. 
date  by  an  excellent  map,  |>ointinB'' 
out  with  great  accuracy  the  original 


188 


Rkvikw.  —Hutory  of  the  Fortificattont  of  York. 


[Feb. 


line  of  furtification*  rained  by  the  Ro- 
mana.  An  the  city  rose  in  iraport- 
anco,  the  agger  of  Agricola  soon  gave 
place  to  the  stronger  and  more  regu- 
lar walls  of  masonrv ;  part  of  which, 
including  the  well-known  multangu- 
lar lower,  arc  manifestly  the  actual 
work  of  the  Romans.  The  most  strik- 
ing of  the  relics  of  this  period  is 
the  multangular  tower,  the  descrip- 
tion of  which,  as  it  contains  some 
good  rrniiiiks  on  Roman  work  in  ge- 
neral, we  give  in  the  authors'  words : 

"Thin  curious  vestige  of  antiquity 
oncn  romfiriHcd  three  parts  of  a  regular 

KHl]rK"»,  the  whole  of  which  projected 
(lyund  the  wrIIh,  until  one  of  its  sides 
wiM  mvrred  hy  the  end  of  a  more  modern 
wsil  built  in  Hilvnncc  of  the  Roman  work ; 
iiinn  mmpnitmrnlK,  however,  ar«  still 
unbroken.  l*hc  waDs,  five  feet  two  inches 
thick,  aro  fruTd  on  both  sides  with  small 
aqnarvd  liineatnne  in  rcipilar  layers  four 
inrlirs  in  deplb.  After  nineteen  courses 
fmni  tho  fituiuUtion,  firar  courses  of  Ro- 
ULin  tik'N.  srvontccn  iuohcii  long,  eleven 
hnmd,  am!  two  and  a  half  thick,  M'rve  to 
bind  the  work  togetluT ;  the  rest  being 
tilled  up  with  rubble.  Twenty-three 
other  iHiurMOM  are  terminated  in  a  like 
manntT.  and  over  these  are  ciftht  more. 
The  rest  of  tin;  masonry  is  otimparatively 
moden«,  and  piercrtl  on  every  side  with  a 
eritiwrd  ItMip.  covered  by  a  {lointed  arch. 
TKfi  infernal  diameter  of  the  tower  is 
thirty. ihrrtf  tecl  three  incites,  and  ha« 
t>^  idvntly  l>ren  divided  into  equal  portions 
by  a  wall :  the  lower  part  is  very  entire, 
as  well  as  that  which  in  a  straight  line 
dosed  it  on  tlte  side  next  the  city." — p.  46. 

The  age  of  the  Hiore  prominent  of 
the  remains  of  the  ancient  fortifica- 
tions cannot  be  so  easily  ascertained 
as  the  date  of  the  structure  which  has 
been  just  described ;  and  this  is  owing 
to  the  unrertainty  which  must  neces- 
aarily  attend  any  conclusion  to  be 
drawn  from  the  actual  appearance  of 
a  strQctun>  in  which  the  circular  arch 
prrx-ails.  unaccompanied  by  enriched 
mouldings ;  and  in  consequence  the 
architeetontl  character  of  the  Bars  and 
Gate*  of  Vi>rk  a<ri>rds  much  ground 
for  sprrulation.  The  earliest  portion 
of  each  of  these  towers  consists  of 
a  simple  circular  arch  with  plain 
imports,  powcsainf  more  nf  a  Ro- 
■Mo  character  than  those  ardiea 
which  are  distinguished  by  the  sac- 
cem^ion  of  hollc.w*  and  rounds,  and 
the  cht  \  mns  and  kucnges  of  Nomas 


architecture.  To  the  piers  of  this 
arch  are  attached  fiat  buttressM  in 
the  Norman  style,  which  our  aathors 
attribute  to  the  reign  of  William  the 
Second,  when  York  appears  to  be 
again  rising  to  its  wonted  military 
importance,  after  the  devastations 
committed  by  the  Conqueror;  and 
these  portions  "  are  certainly  of  diffe- 
rent structure  from  the  masonry  of 
the  arches,  and  that  immediately  over 
them." 

Thus  the  work  of  two  periods  is 
ascertained.  A  third  appears  in  the 
superstructure,  with  its  circular 
towers  at  the  angles,  the  work  pro- 
bably of  the  time  of  the  three  first 
Edwards,  a  period  when  the  fortifica- 
tion of  York  was  rendered  doublv 
important  by  the  constant  wars  with 
Scotland,  and  the  ascendancy  of  Ro- 
bert Bruce. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  ori- 
sginal  form  of  the  Gates,  it  is  manifest 
d>at  the  older  part,  the  circular  aich 
with  its  piers,  would,  from  the  great 
strength  of  construction  and  material, 
survive  both  the  attacks  of  time  and 
the  imperfect  engines  of  destruction 
used  at  early  periods ;  and  on  the 
same  account  would  be  worked  up  in 
all  the  mutations  which  the  super- 
structure might  undergo. 

We  agree,  therefore,  with  the  au- 
thors, in  ascribing  these  portions  to 
a  period  antecedent  to  the  Noraan 
conquest.  So  far  we  think  the  anti- 
quary is  warranted  in  proceeding,  hot 
the  exact  period  of  tbeir  construction 
must  and  ever  will  remain  a  subject 
of  doubt  and  conjecture.  The  history 
of  the  remains  of  circular  architectai* 
in  this  country  has  never  been  fully 
investigated  ;  but  the  day  we  hope  wiU 
come  when  a  round  arch  may  be  as 
easily  assigned  to  its  period  a*  a 
pointed  one. 

To  trace  the  progressive  growth  of 
the  art  of  fortification  before  the  in- 
vention of  cannon,  by  the  assistance  of 
the  Gates  of  York,  would  be  an  inte- 
resting and  comparatively  ensr  task. 
At  first  we  see  a  mere  opening'  in  the 
wall,  fortified  in  all  probabiiitv  br  np- 
thing  more  than  a  strong  oak  door. 
and  perhaps  a  contrivance  in  the  na- 
ture of  a  portcullis ;  this  was  deemed 
cuScient  to  prf/t«ct  the  inner  wocIes 
froB  the  inrurMoos  of  a  oeighboaruw 
iriWorilritMis,<ir  an  aravof  bwfawMts 


Saxons ;  but  as  the  artillery  of  war 
after  the  Norroan  sera  became  more 
formidahle,  a,  tower  raised  on  high 
abtive  the  gate  became  neceasary,  from 
the  summit  of  which  the  garrison 
might  in  sarpty  level  their  engines 
against  their  enemies;  aad  this  tower 
iucrcosed  in  height  as  the  modes  of 
anaoyance  hccame  more  powerful. 
The  necessity  too  of  effectualiy  g:uard- 
inp  the  entrance,  and  enabling  the 
garrison  to  destroy  the  foremost  of 
the  assailants,  sufigested  macbicola- 
liona  ;  and  in  Monk  Bar  a  ver)'  inge- 
nious and  iiaeful  nicMJe  of  defence  ia 
constructed  ;  this  is  a  prcitecling  gal- 
lery, sustained  on  an  arch  sprung 
from  the  towers  flanking  the  angles, 
and  surmounted  by  a  breast* work. 
From  this  balcony  misailca  and  every 
species  of  annoyance  might  with  se- 
curity be  hurled  on  the  heads  of  any 
assailants  who  might  be  haidy  enough 
tu  attempt  to  force  the  gates.  At  a 
more  rcct-nt  period,  the  addition  of  an 
outwork  or  barbican  converted  each 
gate  into  n  minor  castle,  and  created  the 
most  perfect  species  of  defence  which 
the  rules  of  ancient  warfare  could  sug- 
gest. This  was  the  state  in  which  each 
of  the  principal  Gates  of  York  appeared 
when  they  existed  in  their  perfect 
state ;  and  when  it  is  seen  that  even 
at  the  present  time  they  are  compara- 
tively perfect,  no  areument  can  be 
necessary  to  enforce  the  necessity  of 
the  preservation  of  such  valuable  relics 
of  architecture.  True,  the  present 
peaceful  state  of  o>ir  country  shows 
that  fortresses  and  Btrongholds  are 
useless ;  true  it  is  that  the  bomb, 
and  the  rocket,  and  the  battering  train 
would  soon  prove  the  utter  inutility  of 
these  once  impregnabie  fortresses ;  but 
the  mere  plea  of  inutility  ought  not  to 
be  urged  against  the  existence  of  such 
valuable  evidences  of  the  truth  of  our 
histories.  If  the  remains  wc  have 
been  discussing  were  mere  fragmenta 
of  ancient  works,  possessing  a  value 
only  in  the  eye  of  the  mere  antiquary, 
we  might  be  accused  of  raising  them 


beyond  their  due  scale  of  importance. 
Their  extent  will  best  appear  from  the 
following  extract,  from  which  it  will 
be  seen  that  no  city  in  England  can 
boast  of  antiquities  more  interesting 
than  the  important  station  which 
forms  the  subject  of  this  essay. 

"  The  entire  circumfereQce  of  the  for- 
tifications of  the  cily  of  York  ig  4,707 
yards,  or  two  miles,  foivr  furlongs,  and 
eighty-se^-en  yards,  an  immense  extent, 
fraught  with  interest  and  matttrr  for  study 
fur  the  architect,  the  artist,  nnri  the  anti- 
quary. The  walls  around  the  Manor 
Shore  form  an  exlmaeous  portion  <if  thii 
SMbjcct.  They  commence  at  Bootham 
Bar,  and  extend  in  a  north-westerly  di- 
rection 194  yards,  defended  by  three 
towers,  and  terminated  by  St.  Mary's 
Tower,  From  this  angle  the  defences  turn 
towards  the  river,  on  the  bank«  of  which 
a  circular  t»wer,  octangular  within,  com- 
pletes the  fortification.  Thia  line  is  420 
yards  in  length." — p.  48. 

Having  endeavoured  to  convey  to 
our  readers  an  adequate  idea  of  the 
literary  portion  of  the  work  under  re- 
view, we  now  advert  to  the  embellish- 
ments. 

The  etchings  are  twelve  in  number, 
besides  the  map  we  have  before  no- 
ticed ;  they  are  executed  in  a  free  and 
spirited  style  by  Mr.  Gates,  from  Mr. 
Lockwood's  drawings.  The  artists 
have  not  confined  themselves  to  mere 
architectural  detail,  but  have  given 
an  effect  to  their  pinteg,  by  which, 
in  addition  to  their  accuracy,  they  de- 
rive a  high  degree  of  value  as  works 
of  art.  The  view  of  North  Street 
postern  and  Lendal  tower,  which  by 
means  of  a  chain  once  protected  the 
river,  is  an  etching  as  pleasing  as  any 
one  wc  have  seen  for  a  long  time.  The 
boats  are  prettily  introduced,  and  the 
picturesque  effect  gives  an  additional 
value  to  the  architectural  exactness. 

Approving  of  the  design  of  the  au- 
thors, we  hope  soon  to  have  to  notice 
another  illustration  of  our  ancient  mi- 
litary architecture,  resulting  from  their 
joint  and  able  exertions. 


I 


Pirffil'i  /turt>!iti  utttrlinrarly  iranttatnl; 
with  Scanninir  Tablet  and  Prelim'marf)  JJu- 
urtiil'uiHt  im  fh(  /.mill  /.nn/ptfii.'i'  <'nd  ''cr- 
lificafii'n.  (ntetitleA  nn  itn  lulrmluelUm  to 
thf  riradhij:  of  tiu   l.utitt   f'ufU.      By  P. 


ArsTiN  NiTTAM.,  LL  n.     TSramiator  tf 
,tuvfnn\  a»J  Horace.  (  New  Edition.) 

The  distinrtivo  merits  of  this  little  vo- 
Itime  tvc  noticed  nn  {!>■«  first  publieiition. 
The  only  additional  features  of  the  nn-- 


190      Nuttall'fi  FiVyi/.— Tillotson  on  Billiards.— Tnmer'a  Tour.     [Feb. 

assiduity  equal  to  that  of  others,  he  must 
corisider»bly  out^triji  tbi^Tn  in  his  attain- 
riicuis;  and  this  fact  Uas  been  iitnmtfSt- 
ably  proved  in  the  numt-rous  cases  of 
those  who  huve  undertukeii  the  study  of 
the  Lutii)  luiigUBge  thruugh  the  medium 
of  inteilineartruriblatioiiSf — raunyofwhom 
had  Liitin'ly  lost  all  the  little  knowledge 
they  hnd  previously  acquired*  utter  yeurs 
of  drudgery,  by  the  «ld  and  tedious  pro- 
cess of  ficholastic  tuition." 


Bent  edition  are  the  «'  Preliminary  Stric- 
tures on  Trnfis-Iation,"  aiid  tbe  "  Bic^ra- 
Khical  Sketch  of  Virgil."  The  editor,  in 
is  dtfenee  of  verbal  tninRlations,  enters 
historically  upon  the  ijubject,  from  the 
time  of  the  Romans  to  the  prtsetit  pe- 
riod. After  noticing  the  interlinear  trans- 
lation of  the  Scriptures  by  Xantib  Pug- 
nini,  lirst  published  in  1.5^  the  writer 
proceeds  to  cite,  as  authorities  in  favour 
of  the  interlinear  system,  Roger  Ascbftm, 
tutor  and  Latin  seerelory  of  Queen  Eli. 
zahi'th;  Locke,  who  translated  Esop's 
Fables  according  to  this  method;  and 
Du  Marsais,  u  celebrated  P'rench  writer 
on  Education,  who  in  his  system  of  tui- 
tion adopted  Interlinear  tmn^lation,  bj> 
may  be  seen  in  bis  "  Explanation  of  a  rea^ 
sonable  method  of  learning  the  Lulin 
language,"  published  in  1722.  On  ad- 
verting to  the  system  of  tuition  adopted 
by  the  late  Mr.  Hamilton,  the  writer  de- 
nies him  the  merit  which  he  nstsumed  of 
being  the  inventor,  and  says  that  he  was 
only  the  reviver  of  the  ijiterlineitr  method 
of  teaching  languages;  hut  that  "from 
ignorance  of  daissical  learning,  his  at- 
ternptb  at  translation  were  so  borbarouii 
and  uncouth,  that  they  were  more  calcu- 
lated to  excite  ridicule  than  convey  in- 
struction." 

IVom  the  Editor's  preliminary  stric 
tures  we  eitiact  the  following  arguments 
in  bupport  of  interlinear  trunstatioiis: 

•'  Objections  have  been  frequently 
ninde  to  the  use  of  translations,  iMirtieu- 
larly  interlincur  oncj!,  on  account  of  the 
facility  tbey  otford  to  tbe  student  of  ac- 
quiring a  ready  knowledge  of  tbe  original, 
and  thereby  abating  bis  applicuticm  to  the 
language  in  generHl.  But  these  objections 
are  as  untenable  in  practice  as  tbey  are 
futile  in  theory.  If  a  manufacturer  were 
to  place  into  the  hands  of  his  workman  an 
implement,  ormacbine,  by  vs'hich  hecould 
execute  us  much  work  in  one  day,  as  he 
had  been  heretofore  uccustoined  to  per- 
form in  three,  it  is  ct^rtaiiily  tbe  fault  of 
the  master,  if  he  permit  the  man  to  idle 
_  away  tbe  extra  time  which  tbe  new  and 

^^H  more  expeditious  mode  of  operating  al- 
^^H  lows  hiuk.  and  not  that  of  tbe  implement 
^^■^  by  which  the  work  is  performed.  Just 
W  fto  should  the  tutor  a|iply  tbe  blame  to 

I  himseltl  and  not  to  the  interlinear  system, 

I  if  be  allow  his  pupils  to  fritter  away  tbe 

I  spare  time   which    tbe    facilitips    hettce 

I  arising    ittdisputably   afford.     Thus    the 

I  usual  objections — that  interlinear  trans- 

^^_  lations  are  an  incentive  to  idleness — will 
^^B  prove  rather  an  argument  in  its  favour 
^^V  than  otherwise;  as  it  is  an  admission, 
P  that  the  faciliHes  of  acquiring  a  correct 

L  knowledge  ol  the   lei^sona  prp^criln^  arc 

^^H  ClMrvby  incrcaM-d.  It  therefore  follows, 
^^B    tbit   if  the    viudcnt  apply  himself  witii 


Hie  Game  of  BillUirdt  clearly  nrplained. 

By   J.   TiLLoTfioN To   the    lovers  of 

this  now  almost  universal  amusement^ 
the  little  volume  before  us^  from  its  cheap- 
ness and  poitabiiity,  will  be  a  very  useful 
acquisition.  The  author  has  undertaken 
to  explain,  and  being  birnself  an  artist,  to 
illustrate  by  numerous  diagrams  the 
scientific  principles  of  the  game, — parti- 
cularly of  the  tide-itfckf,  which  fonns  the 
principal  feature  in  all  hkilful  playing. 
His  manner  of  treating  tbe  subject,  com- 
mencing with  the  simplest  positions,  and 
proceeding  graduBlly  tn  tbe  most  compli- 
cated situations,  clearly  shows  that  he  is 
Dot  only  a  j)erfcct  master  nf  his  subject; 
but  that  be  understands  how  to  commu- 
nicate it  with  advantage  to  others. 


Turner' t  Annual  Tour,  or  If 'anderingi 
bij  thf  Seine  Jrvm  Kouen  to  the  Sourcf. 
JJif  Leitcb  Ritchie,  fijy-i  "i''*  ^'^  rnffrui'' 
hig*,/rom  drftviftfffbyT.  N.  W.  Turner, 
Ktq. — The  Seine  is  one  of  the  least  pic- 
turesque rivers  in  France — its  course  is 
short,  liiid  tbe  country  through  which  '  it 
winds  its  humid  tmin,'  is  not  distin- 
guished by  any  bold,  or  even  bcautiJ'ul 
features.  But  Mr.  Turner's  magic  pencil 
can  throw  its  line  aerial  hues,  over  tbe 
common  landscapes  of  nature,  elevating 
tbe  low,  adoniing  the  placid,  and  bring- 
ing out  all  that  is  reinnrknble  and  grand 
with  the  enchanting  j>ower  of  his  art. 
He  is  distinguished  above  all  painters  of 
the  present  age,  by  understanding  and 
feeling  the  poetry  of  his  luiidscape ;  auid 
some  of  tbe  scenes;  which  he  has  jwur- 
traycd  in  this  volume,  hear  witness  of 
that  tnatter-cye  which  at  once  seized  and 
arranged  their  beauties.  h\  some  of  the 
plates  tbe  engravers  have  sympathized 
with  the  feelings  of  the  painter ;  in  others 
they  have  woefully  fallen  short  of  them. 
We  have  no  fault  to  Und  with  iNlr. 
Ritchie's  narrative,  except  that  it  occa- 
sionally is  u  little  too  ficrt  and  snappish 
fur  our  tskslv  ;  and  we  severely  condemn 
the  insertion  of  such  a  passage  as  the 
following.  If  Mr.  Ritchie  has  many 
similar  notions,  he  had  Iwtter  reserve 
them  for  the  cnterlaininent  of  bis  ci>m- 
p<ii:nuHM  df  jmjngc  "  When  a  diii>is4-l  tuit 
consented  to  change  her  name,  the  fortu- 


4 


1835.] 


Fine  Arts. — Brvstolinfs  Statues. 


191 


Imte  lover  leads  her  to  church  on  the  next 
Swflday  aux  accords.  77m  it  a  beautiful 
em$om.  The  youthful  pair  who  have 
exchanged  their  plighted  faith,  renew  and 
sanctify  the  compact  by  kneeling  side  by 
side  at  the  same  altar.  This  it  httter  than 
marriage  ;  for  there  is  no  prescribed  ybrm, 
no  comptMon^  no  interference  of  the 
print  or  <Ae  laws.  This  is  the  marriage 
that  is  sanctified  by  Heaven,  and  the  one, 
we  will  ventiu%  to  say,  considered  the 
most  binding  upon  earth." — (p.  112.) 
There  is  one  comfort,  that  the  utter  folly 
and  nonsense  of  this  egregious  declaration 
will  neutralize  its  mischief;  and  we  are 


quite  certain  that  Mr.  Ritchie  will  look 
sometime  on  this  side  the  Channel  before 
he  finds  a  damsel  who  will  consent  to  be 
Mistress  Ritchie  on  the  terms  he  pre- 
scribes, or  even  a  parish  beadle  who  will 
witness  the  ceremony.  Mr.  R.,  in  his 
account  of  Troyes,  has  omitted  to  men- 
tion  an  absurd  superstition  we  remember 
to  have  seen  there : — the  statue  of  a  bisbop 
in  the  fiesh-market,  to  whom  alms  are 
given,  and  prayers  made,  and  who  is  con- 
sidered all-powerful  in  preserving  the 
meat  of  Troyes  from  the  depredation 
of  fliea  and  insects— a  very  natty  bishop. 


FINE  ARTS. 


STATUKS   OF  REFORMERS,   BY   BRUSTOUNI. 

The  very  interesting  collection  of  ar- 
chitectural  Statues  which  were  noticed 
by  a  Correspondent  in  our  August  Num- 
ber, p.  141,  are  now  exhibiting  in  Bond- 
street.  They  are  of  the  class  called  in. 
differently,  Persians,  Atlantides,  or  Tele- 
mones.  They  occur  very  sparingly  in 
ancient  architecture,  and  are  far  from 
common  in  modem  works.  The  origi- 
nal destination  of  the  present  was  the 
support  of  a  gallery.  The  general  de- 
scription of  each  is  a  whole-length  figure, 
the  size  of  life,  apparently  oppressed  with 
the  load  which  it  sustains  and  suffering 
under  inward  torture,  chains,  and  ma- 
nacles, marking  the  state  of  imprison- 
ment destined  to  be  represented.  The 
pedestal  on  which  it  is  raised  is  covered 
with  the  skin  of  the  individual  repre- 
sented above,  and  on  the  front  is  seen 
a  mask,  in  the  state  in  which  a  person 
dying  in  torture  would  appear,  still  pre- 
serving the  features  of  the  perfect  sta- 
tue above  it;  the  hair  is  pulled  back, 
and  is  accompanied  by  serpents.  The 
skin  of  the  abdomen  is  drawn  tight,  and 
inscribed  with  a  legend  containing  a  sum- 
mary of  the  opinions  of  the  alleged  Here- 
siarch,  and  the  name  of  the  Doctor  of  the 
(^'burch  by  whom  they  were  refuted. 
The  inscriptions  are  in  Roman  capitals, 
neatly  cut ;  and  in  the  form  of  some  of 
the  letters,  the  monogrammatic  union  of 
others,  and  the  marks  of  contraction,  they 
assimilate  closely  with  the  inscriptions 
prevalent  in  this  country  in  the  earlier 
half  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

As  arranged  for  exhibition,  all  the 
Statues  are  independent;  some  appear 
to  have  sustained  the  superincumbent 
mass  on  their  shoulders ;  others  on  their 
heads;  and  it  is  evident  from  the  po- 
sitions of  several,  that  the  front  of  the 


gallery  was  not  in  a  straight  line,  but  had 
one  or  more  projections;  and  further, 
that  in  their  original  stations  they  were 
raised  more  above  the  eye  of  the  specta- 
tor than  at  present. 

The  sculptor,  in  his  execution  of  this 
exhibition  of  splenetic  bigotry,  has  avail- 
ed himself  of  the  opportunity  of  display- 
ing the  great  extent  of  his  anatomical 
knowledge,  as  well  as  his  peifect  mastery 
of  the  human  form  in  every  variety  of 
position, so  far  as  the  Cariatidd  application 
of  his  figures  would  admit ;  and  to  allow 
of  this  display,  he  has  used  as  little  dra- 
peiy  as  he  could  introduce.  His  style  of 
sculpture  is  exceedingly  bold,  his  figures 
have  strong  expression,  but  are  never  ex- 
travagant. The  pains  which  the  subjects 
are  supposed  to  endure,  are  variously  re« 
presented ;  some  writhe  impatiently  under 
their  agonies ;  in  others,  are  seen  the  set- 
tled expression  of  despair  and  excessive 
misery;  and  in  a  third  class,  the  ma- 
lignity with  which  their  characters  were 
invested,  is  displayed  in  their  counte- 
nances. A  notice  of  a  few  of  the  prin- 
cipal will  convey  the  best  idea  of  the 
sculptor's  merit. 

Calvik  has  been  rather  favoured  by 
the  sculptor.  He  appears  as  a  venerable 
old  man  with  a  mild  countenance  and 
dowing  beard,  and  in  a  position  appa- 
rently addressing  an  adjacent  subject; 
the  anatomy  of  the  limbs  is  exceedingly 
fine,  and  the  ermined  gown  which  par- 
tially enwraps  them,  is  a  fine  piece  of 
drapery. 

Luther  is  placed  next  (not  the  origi- 
nal position);  be  is  a  laige  burly  man, 
with  a  sulky  dogged  expression  of"^  coun- 
tenance. 

Erasmus  will  be  immediately  recog- 
nized by  any  one  acquainted  with  his  por- 
traits. The  introduction  of  this  mild 
and  amiable  man  marks  especially  th» 


192 


Urn  ArU. — Bnutolhus  Statues. 


[Feb. 


narrow  mind  and  the  excess  of  bigotry  in 
tiie  individual  who  directed  the  execution 
of  these  statues. 

A  more  ancient  offender,  Moses  6x- 
BUNDENBia,  a  Jew  rabbi,  who  was  si- 
lenced  in  1263,  tears  his  long  and  flow, 
ing  beard  with  vexation;  the  hair  is  finely 
represented. 

Isaac  Genius  is  the  only  one  of  the 
subjects  which  has  been  injured.  It  ap- 
pears to  have  been  painted.  From  the 
form  of  the  pedestal,  it  evidently  occu- 
pied an  angle.*  It  represents  a  diminu- 
tive man  in  an  abject  state  of  misery. 
This  figure  and  that  of  Louis  of  New. 
ENBERG  have  an  Hogarthian  character. 

Memno  Simon,  a  naked  figure,  par- 
tially wrapped  in  a  mat,  is  in  a  graceful 
posture,  much  like  the  "  St.  Johns  in  the 
Wilderness"  of  the  old  masters.  The 
features  and  beard  strikingly  resemble 
the  presumed  portraits  of  Socrates. 

George  Binohax,  an  Englishman, 
has  attained  to  an  unexpected  mimorta- 
lity  in  the^e  works.     His  legend  is  as 

foUoWS :  '*  GEOBGIVB  BINOAM*  ANGLVg, 
CONACLS  PRiESEB  IN  HYBEBNIA,  CATHOLI- 
COBVM  FER'  PER8ECVT0R  RETVBV8  AD 
NECE'  V8(t  8IBI  PRiBI)ICTAMA.M.THADDiEO 
O  DVANO  QVSM  QVOMOAM  A  SVIS  MILITI- 
BV8  CASTRI  BVBEIS  DOLK'SIS  FRiESIDIARIIS 
CO'PREHENSV  8RD  OMNES  AD  VNV'  AB  EC 
PRISTINE  BViE  UBERTATI  RESTrTVTO  CON- 
VERSOS  .£GRE  VIDIT  ANNO  1606."  He  is 
represented  as  a  harsh,  hard-featured 
man,  his  countenance  replete  with  ma- 
lignity. 

In  Ck>N8TANTINE  FONTAINE,  the  SCUlp- 

tor  has  given  a  touch  of  the  ludicrous. 
One  of  his  shoes  is  down  at  heel,  and  his 
breeches  and  stockings  (and  this  is  the 
only  figure  in  costume)  ore  rent  and  torn. 

The  sculptor  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  guided  by  mere  caprice  in  the  posi- 
tions and  expression  ot  his  figures ;  but 
in  many  the  character  of  the  party  re- 
presented appears  evidently  to  have  in. 
duenced  the  representation.  This  is 
shown  in  various  figures,  in  particular 
in  the  calm,  steady  endurance  depicted 
in  De  Mornay  ;  and  again,  in  the  statue 
with  crossed  arms  and  rigid  muscles; 
the  countenance  exhibitiiu;  determined 
resistance  to  the  miseries  of  his  situation, 
may  well  pourtray  the  character  of  the 
deist  PoMPONATius.  The  violent  temper 
of  Beza,  again,  is  shown  in  the  manner 
in  which  he  grasps  his  chains ;  and  there 
are  several  other  particularities  of  this 
nature  which  the  accurate  observer  will 
not  fail  to  notice. 

The  three  last  figures  are  remarkable 
for  muscular  expression,  and  are  among 
the  finest  in  the  collection. 

The  superior  mind  and  judgment  of 
10 


the  sculptor  appears  prominent  in  all 
these  subjects,  and  the  mechanical  skill 
he  has  displayed  in  the  execution  is  very 
^reat.  The  adjustment  of  the  manacles 
IS  well  managed,  and  the  piercing  a  dr- 
cular  concavity  to  mark  the  eye-ball, 
gives  ^  life  to  the  countenance.  The 
variations  in  the  pedestals  are  very  well 
managed.  Disgusting  as  these  subjects 
are,  many  of  the  bands  and  masks  are  ex- 
ceedingly well  carved;  in  on^is  shown 
the  palm,  in  another  the  knuckles:  in  each 
instance,  a  wasted  and  emaciated  hand  is 
pourtrayed  with  exceeding  fidelity,  and 
the  loose  flayed  skin  which  belonged  to 
the  arms  is  horribly  correct.  In  the  masks 
the  sunken  eyes,  the  exposed  muscles, 
the  contortions  of  the  mouth,  are  equally 
good,  and  the  occasional  proneness  of  the 
artist  to  caricature,  is  shown  in  the  worn- 
out  broken  teeth  of  one  of  the  subjects. 

The  latest  date  is  1635;  the  age  there- 
fore  of  these  statues  may  be  assigned  to 
the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century;  and 
after  this  period  Cariatidal  statues  disap- 
peared. ^  in  these  days  the  feeling  whidi 
could  give  rise  to  such  a  display  may 
create  surprise:  let  us  in  Christian  cha. 
rity  trust,  that  in  every  age  such  feelings 
were  individual,  and  not  universal ;  and 
when  we  condemn  the  manifestly  uncha- 
ritable disposition  of  the  individual  who 
thus  chose  to  exhibit  men  who  differed 
in  religious  opinions  from  himself,  let 
us  recollect  that  nearly  the  same  age  gave 
rise  to  the  malicious  chai^  which  was 
recorded  on  the  Monument  of  London, 
and  in  one  or  two  other  places.  Blind 
and  bigoted  as  must  have  been  the  man 
who  could  consign  the  excellent  Erasmus 
to  a  place  of  torment,  and  deploring  as 
all  must  do  his  feelings,  we  can  now 
calmly  view  the  productions  of  these 
feelings,  as  works  of  art  with  admira- 
tion, and  as  historical  monuments,  with 
interest  and  curiosity.  E.  I.  C. 

A  BUtoty  and  Deieription  of  Ae  late 
Homtet  of  Parliamaa  and  antient  Pa. 
latial  Edifices  of  Wettmituter.  By  John 
Britton  and  Euw.  W.  Buayley,  Fel- 
lows of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.  &c. 
No.  I.  8va— This  interesting  work  has 
commenced  well.  Prompt  as  were  the 
movements  of  the  Board  of  Works,  in 
order  to  repair  the  loss  of  the  British 
senate-house,  Mr.  Britton's  draughtsmen 
have  preceded  them,  and  have  caught,  as 
it  were  in  the  last  hour  of  their  eva- 
nescent existence,  many  of  the  ruined 
glories  of  onr  ancient  royal  palace.  In 
the  present  Number  is  an  interior  view 
of  the  Painted  Chamber,  roofless,  and 
bared  to  its  massy  walls ;  whilst  in  one 
comer  are  commencing  those  operations 


JS35.] 


Fine  Arts. —  Winkles  Cathedral  C/imrches. 


193 


of  the  buildiT,  wliifh  Lave  already  con- 
verted it  into  u  handsome  chuniber  for 
the  Peers,  with  rarved  galleries,  and  a 
richlj'  ornamented  ceiling,  i  See  our  ur. 
tide  on  Papier  Maeh*  lust  month).  An- 
other plate  shews  the  ruined  gallerv  ut  the 
Speaker's  with  the  rich  nivht-s  ot  St.  Ste- 
phen's Chajiel  beyond ;  anrt  a  third  a 
,very  curious  ijortion  of  the  wall  of  Wt^t- 
0iiri«ter  Hall.  It  is  rather  rcumrkttljle 
that,  at  the  present  lime,   the  repairs  jn 

tfogresa  in  that  princely  slroctiire,  should 
«vc  niadir  some  architectural  disclosures 
as  interesting  as  those  made  by  the   Fire 
in  other  parrs  of  the  [mlatial   buildings. 
The  plate  before   us  exhibits  an  arcb  of 
'the  original  cotonnade  uhirb  ran  round 
the    Jiall,    on  its    tirst   erection    under 
Rufus.      To  these  three  plates  is  added 
^oneof  flir.  Britton'.s  clpfiMin  title-pages, 
several   beauriful  architeetural 
little   vignette  of   the  late 
ion,  which  reallv  gives  us  good 
Et  reoresentition  of  it  as  if  it  were  on  u 
[niico  larger  scale.     The  letter-press,   by 
[Mr.  Bniyley,  is  well  compiled,  aitd  very 
[iolervjiiiig;  but  we  would  cQiitiori  iiiiii 
ing   too   much    into   geucrat 
piMid  long  quotations    from    the 
I;   as    be   mny  olhcnvise    tind, 
[iVhen    the  work  has   advanced,    that   he 
all^have  left  too  little  space  for  those 
descri|>tion$i    and     matters    inmie- 
y  relating  to  the  buildings,  which, 
'  all,  are  more  essential  than  a  detail, 
Jivcvcr  historically  curiou?;,  of  those  im- 
lortant  parliaments  councils,  feasts,  &c. 
which  must  necessarily  have  taken  place 
|m  the  principal  palace  of  the  kings.    The 
rork,  from  its  truly  national  subjpc^  and 
>pular  form,   ought  to  mctt  with  very 
eueral  acceptance,  and  we  cordially  wish 
wares  I'. 


Cathrdral  Churcheiof  Great  Hrlta'tn.  Btj 

H.  and  11.  Wt.vKi.Fs.     Part  I.  containing 

^thttUbury.    Hoyal  Hvo. — This  is  the  fir^t 

lion  of  a   new  work  on    Cutbedmk, 

ataining  three  plates,   u  bich  are  highly 

tUtable  to  the  profe^siona)  abilities  of 

!  artists.     Kut  in  other  re.«>i)i>cts,  as  a 

^koolc,  the  work  si^ems  little  promising. 

In  the  very  title,   what  do  the  authors 

laeao   by    "■  Great   Britain?"     Ho    tlicy 

intend  to  include  Glai<gow,  and  Dunkeld, 

'   sd  the  other  ruined  catliedmls  of  Scot- 

1?  we  imagine  not.     In  a  foolish  and 

arrogant   Prospectus,  former  works 

the  subject  are  depreciated,  and  we  are 

»ld  that  this  work  is  to  "  o£br4  ut  ottr 

a  FACSi.MiLK  of  all  ihatc  bfauitful 

titrrt !"     This   magical   "  glance"  is 

be  efTected  in  •♦  tie  views,  interior  and 

iof,"  which  are  "  to  give   the   moitf 

*and  correct  idea  of  each  building." 

r.  M*G.   Vol..  III. 


Now.  in  contrHveiitJon  to  all  tltis  ijuackery, 
the  Public  ought  to  be  told  that  there 
ejcist  already  (and  we  believe  all,  or 
most  of  tbeiri,  now  on  sale)  tlie  following 
works  :  Exterior  Views  of  the  Cathedrals 
of  EiiK'l^id  and  TViiles,  in  large  quarto, 
by  J.  C.  Buckler;  tht-  wliule  of  tlieui,  in 
f«7c<r<»,  gciiemlly  illustiiited  by  about  nine 
phttes  each,  a  very  pleasing  work  by 
James  Storer;  and  with  respect  to  Sa- 
lisbury (with  which  Messrs.  Winkles 
have  begun)  two  beautiful  wui'ks  in 
quarto,  bv  Mr.  Britton  and  .Mr.  Dods- 
worth.  "f  hat  Mr.  Britton,  after  having 
ill i!i<it rated  one  hnlf  (and  thosp  the  finest) 
of  the  English  Cathcdral.s,  should  have 
been  driven  from  the  prost»cution  of  his 
iindoruiking  by  the  mania  for  c/tcnp  pub- 
lication, is  a  subject  of  deep  regret.  He 
seems,  now,  to  relini|uish  the  field  ;  and 
it  is  open  for  otbers  to  continue  his  de- 
sigji,  to  rival,  or  to  surpass  him ;  they  are 
at  liberty  to  equal  the  chrajmr$t  of  his 
own  "  Westminster  Palace,"  but  let  them 
also  emulate  his  excellence.  It  would 
have  shown  a  more  laudable  spirit  in 
Messrs.  Winkles  to  have  commenced 
tlieir  work  with  some  OithedraJ  hitherto 
little  illustrated,  rather  than  with  one 
which  had  already  received  full  aitc  ntion 
from  Mr.  Britton  (in  thirty-one  jdittcs) ; 
JMr.  Dodsworth,  (twenty-one  nlates)  • 
and  Mr  Storer.  (nine  plates).  Here  are 
more  than  sixty  plates,  and  yet  "  the 
present  work,  it  is  presumed,  ai//  rrwedy 
till*  dfficiencij"  (oh,  the  modesty  of 
artists!)  in  $ijc!  The  lew  pitges  of  let- 
ter-j»ress  are  scarcely  better  than  the 
prospectus.  The  account  of  the  found- 
ation of  the  cathedral  is  taken  from  the 
false  medium  of  Godwyn,  "  in  the  tjuaint 
ttijle  of  ElizabethVs  reigtj!"*  instead  of 
Ibe  contemporary  account  of  Dean  Wil. 
liam  de  Waridn,  which  would  have  beeo 
fourd  in  Dodsworib,  In  conBe<)uence, 
the  account  of  laying  the  first  five  stones 
is  CLfHplctehj  ittcorrrcl;  and,  worse  than 
alt,  the  date  is  omitted.  In  p.  4  we  are 
told  that  400,000  marks,  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.  was  •♦  about  2G,(Jt!(>i  \3t.  id. 
prcteiit  money!" 


Iteadij —  CoLMAN's  NormauJi/,  Picaniy, 
&c.  contuining  views  of  the  must  pic. 
lurcsque  cuthednds,  churches,  and  other 
objects  in  Northern  France. 

The  Gretham   Pri-.e  Medal    for    18."5 
has  been  adjudged  to  Mr.  G.  J.  Llvey, 
New     College,    0.xforrt.     The    unipireij 
were,  Mr.  Professor  Stevens,  Dr.  Croicb, 
and  Mr,  Horsley.      The  successful  Cora- 
po^jlkm,  un  Anthem  for  five  voices,  is  i 
work  of  great  merit,  written  in  u  pur 
Ecclesiastical  style. 

2  C 


[Feb. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


Sew  Workt  annoitncttl  for  Pttblicatlow. 

The  Book  of  Revelation,  with  Nocca 
by  the  KfV,  1.  Ashe. 

Sermons,  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Knox. 

A  volume  of  Cburgei*,  delivered  to  the 
Clergy  of  his  Diocese,  by  the  Bishop  of 
Bakbadoes. 

Views  iu  India,  China,  and  on  the 
Shores  of  the  Red  Sea;  from  original 
tketcbes,  by  Commander  Rouekt  El> 
LIOT,  H.  N. 

History  of  tlie  Cotton  Manufncture  in 
tlrqiit  BritEin.  By  Edwahd  Bainks, 
Jun.  £f*q. 

An  Excursion  in  North  Walc«,  em- 
bellished with  Plates.     By  T.  RoscoE. 

A  Synopsia  of  the  Fhasmidse.     By  G. 

R.   (lUAY. 

Outlines  of  Forensic  Medicine,  By 
W.  Cummin. 

Human  Physiology.   By  J.  El.LiOTSOV. 

The  Classic  and  Connoisseur  in  Italy 
and  Sicily. 

Elements  of  Medical  Police.  By  B, 
Hawkins. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Diseases  of  the 
Eye.     By  R.  MiUDi.KHonr. 

Synoptiful  List  of  the  Members  of  the 
English  Bur.     ByJ.  Wuishaw. 

Sees  uf  England,  \V»lfs,  la-land,  and 
ibe  Colonics,  with  Schedule  and  CluUAes 
of  the  Irish  Church  Ti-irtporalities  Act. 
By  T.  SEfpisas,  Es^  —  Alio,  the  Peer- 
age and  Uaruni'tage,  on  the  author's  new 
system. 

Michell's  "  Saxon's  Ihiughter,"  a  Tale 
of  the  Crusades,  in  »ix  Cinitos. 

West  of  England  Journal  of  Science 
and  Literature. 


RoVal  ttuc-iKTY. 

Jan,  8.  Rev.  Dr.  Jennings,  V.  P. 

Mr.  Lyeir*  paper  on  tite  proof*  of  the 
gradual  rise  ot  land  in  Sweden,  was  re- 
sumed and  concluded. 

Jan.  J5.  J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq.  V.  P. 

Read,  1.  Set-ond  E.<<ny  on  u  i^encral 
method  in  Dynamics,  by  W.  U.  Jlutnil- 
ton,  Royal  Astronomer  of  Ireland ;  :i. 
An  account  of  the  eruption  of  J'Una 
in  1J.'K»,  fiom  a  contemporary  document 
communicated  by  6ir  F.  Pulffrave;  3.  Un 
the  electrical  reUtions  of  Mct«ls  and 
MetaUilerou>  MineruU,  by  R.  W.  Vu\, 
esq  ;  4.  On  the  I  ireulution  ol  the  Blood 
in  Insect*,  by  Juhn   i'vrrcll,  esq. 

Jan.  t^.  Mr.  LobbtK'k  in  the  ehiiir. 

Read,  1.  Notes  cm  thr  1  i-ni|ierstiire  of 
the  Air  and  the  Sea,  mftdc  ui  a  voyxge 
from  India  to  EiiKhtiid,  in  the  »hi{i 
Hoogly,  Captain  Reeve*,  in  the  ve«r 
l&ia     By  AleWMlcr  liuiii*.  r*q.  t'.lLS, 


2.  Remarks  on  certain  statements  of  Mr. 
Faraday,  contained  in  the  Fourth  and 
Fifth  Series  of  his  "  Experimentul  Re- 
senrcbes  in  Electricity.'"  By  John  Davy, 
M  U.  F.R,S.  3.  Note  on  the  pre- 
ceding paper,  bv  Michael  Faraday,  e^iq. 
D.CL   F.R.S.' 

itOYAL  ABtATIC   SOCtKTY. 

This  society  met  on  Ja*.  -l,  Colonel 
Dlackbume  in  the  chair.  The  paper 
rtad  was  by  Mr.  Brian t  Hodfjison,  of 
Nepal,  on  the  question  Ktill  entertained 
by  many  learned  oritntalists,  whether 
Biiibm:ini<tm  or  Buddhism  be  the  more 
ancient  creed.  The  leanied  author,  who, 
in  bis  "  Sketch  of  buddliit^m,"  pub- 
lished in  the  Transactions  of  the  Royal 
Asiatic  Society,  bad  already  advanced 
the  former  opinion,  now  tiupports  it  by 
significant  passages  extracted  from  the 
aJicient  books  of  the  San^atas.  which  are 
still  extant  in  the  mountains  of  Nepal,  in 
the  origitiid  Sanscrit,  though  undoubtedly 
composed  in  the  pluins  of  India;  and  by 
the  fact,  that  tlie  Biiddhiits  themselves 
concede  the  palm  of  superior  antiquity 
to  their  riraU  and  persecutors,  the  Br4b. 
mans. 

nOYAL   BOCIETY   OF    I.ITEEATURE. 

Jan.  7.  Rev.  Dr.  .Spry  in  the  cimir.— 
The  roncliisioii  of  a  memoir  by  Mr.  Cul- 
timure,  on  hiliriguar  hieroglyphics,  and 
cuneiform  insrriptioiis,  waf<  read.  In  the 
autumn  of  last  year  some  drawings  were 
transmitted  to  the  Society  from  Syria,  by 
Mr.  Bonomi.  representing  certain  tablets 
both  hieroglyphic  and  cuneiform,  found 
togelliei'  ainutig  sevt-rul  more  modem  in- 
scriptions on  itiC  rocks  of  Elkclbflhean. 
rieni  Lycue),  near  Beyrout.  Siirh  roo- 
ntnnents  of  tUin  dcfcriptiun,  as  were  hi- 
thiTto  known  to  the  learned,  bnve  been 
reicried  to  Cyrus^  and  bi<,  immediate 
suci-essors;  the  present  writer,  however, 
having  discovered  the  name  of  Raniitea 
II.  oil  the  hieroglyphic  tablets  argued 
at  length  agaiiiKt  the  correitnesii  nf  ihia 
view,  a*  aduptcd  by  (rfotefend,  Cbam- 
pollion,  and  their  lulluwen,  assigning  to 
thorn  the  much  higher  anriquiiy  of  an 
age  cofv-al  xtilh  thut  uf  the  tihtet  of  Aby- 
do»,  which  we  owe  to  the  same  remark- 
able moniirth.  By  mcun*  of  the  bihtori- 
eul  and  chruii«tiiKi(.'al  evidence  adduced 
in  support  of  rhis  opinion,  he  determined 
the  epoch  of  thr  arts  and  adencea  in 
Egypt,  which  continued  in  a  state  of 
prugrck^is'e  MilMini-i'incni  during  at  least 
twfDiy.lhrfe  reigns,  from  the  agv  of 
0«irteM.-ii    I.    wr    the   beginning    of  th« 


1835.] 


Literary  Intelligence. — Heher's  Library, 


195 


ngfateenth  century  B.C.,  to  Rarasea  II. 
Ine  writer  then  proceeded  to  consider 
tbe  parallel  epoch  unfolded  in  the  Per- 
ttian  archaBol(^.  This  he  discovers  in 
the  age  of  tbe  great  civiliser  and  bene- 
factor of  his  country,  King  Jemshecd, 
which,  as  calculated  from  the  calendar 
compiled  by  Jemsheed  himself,  corre> 
■ponds  to  the  above  date,  or  about  1800 
years.  Hence  the  rise  of  literature  and 
the  arts  in  Egypt  and  Persepolis  will 
appear  to  have  been  synchronous.  Equal- 
ly parallel  seems  likewise  to  have  been 
their  duration,  extending  to  within  eleven 
centuries  of  the  Christian  era.  This 
was  shewn  from  arguments  founded  on 
the  identity  of  the  Egyptian  and  Perse- 
politan  calendars ;  the  former  appearing 
to  have  been  introduced  into  the  east 
about  the  time  of  the  overthrow  of  tbe 
race  of  Jemsheed. 


CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY. 

Oct-  S5.  Tbe  Seatonian  prize  poem 
was  adjudged  to  the  Rev.  T.  £.  Han- 
kinson.  Corpus  Christi  College.  Sub- 
ject, "  Jacob," 

The  subject  for  the  Norrisian  prize  es- 
say for  tbe  present  year  Ik,  "  The  per- 
son, character,  and  actions  of  Jesus 
Christ  afford  a  satisfactory  fulfilment  of 
all  the  prophecies  in  tbe  Old  Testament 
which  relate  to  the  Messiah." 

Dec.  27.  Tbe  Marquis  Camden,  Chan- 
cellor of  the  University,  has  signified  his 


intention  of  giving,  this  year,  a  g«dd  medal 
to  such  resident  ondeignduate  as  shall 
compose  the  best  Enoish  Ode,  or  the 
best  English  poem  in  heroic  verse,  upon 
••  The  Death  of  his  late  Royal  liigbness 
the  Duke  of  Gloucester."  The  exer- 
cises are  to  be  sent  in  to  the  Vice- Chan- 
cellpr  on  or  before  March  31,  1835;  and 
are  not  to  exceed  200  lines  in  length. 

Sir  William  Browne's  medals  will  this 
year  be — For  the  Greek  Ode — "  Delos." 
—For  the  Latin  Ode — "  Belisarius."— . 
For  the  Epigrams — 

"  Amphora  coepit 

Institui,  currente  rota  cururceus  exit?" 

The  Person  Prize  for  the  present  year 
is — Shakspeare,  3rd  part  of  King  Henry 
VI.,  Act  II.,  Scene  2,  beginning,  CHf. 
— "  My  gracious  liege,"  &c. ;  and  ending 
— «  To  hold  thine  own,  and  leave  thine 
own  with  him." 

Jan.  12.  The  following  is  the  sulgeet 
for  the  liulsean  prize  dissertation  for  the 
present  year: — "  The  resemblance  be- 
tween Moses  and  Christ  is  so  very  great 
and  striking  that  it  is  impossible  to  con- 
sider it  fairly  and  carefully,  without  see- 
ing and  acknowledging  that  He  must  be 
foretold  where  he  is  so  well  described." 

The  subjects  of  the  Members  prizes  for 
tbe  present  year  are: — For  the  Bachelon 
— <'  De  fide  historica  recti  sestimanda." 
For  the  Undergraduates — "  UiYum  recte 
judicaverit  Cicero  iniquissimam  paeem 
justissimo  bello  anteferendam  esse?" 


SOME   OF  THE  RARE   BOOKS  IN  HR.  HEBER'S   LIBRARY. 

(Fourth  Sale;  continued  from  p.  80J 

Edwardes  (Richard).  *'  The  Paradyse  of  Daynty  Deuises.  1578."  A 
highly  curious  and  probably  unique  edition  of  one  of  the  most  inte- 
resting collections  of  our  old  Poetry.  A  long  poem  by  Geoi^e  Whet- 
stone, hitherto  unknown,  is  found  here  only.  Defective,  wanting  two 
or  three  leaves.     A  thin  little  volume        -..-.. 

Fage  (Mary").  "  Fames  Houle ;  or  the  names  of  King  Charles,  the  Peers, 
Judges,  &c.  anagrammatiz'd.  1637."  From  the  Bibliotheca  Anglo- 
Poetica,  and  Sir  IVI.  Sykes's  collection ;  formerly  sold  for  20/.  5t. 

Fenne  (Thomas).     Fennes  Frutes.  1590.  .        .        .        .        - 

Feylde  (T.)  A  ContrauersyebytweneaLoueranda  Jaye.  (W.  deWorde) 

Ciiaucer  (G.)  "  The  Book  of  the  Tales  of  Cauntyrburye."  Second 
edition,  printed  by  Caxton,  about  1481-2.  *         ... 

Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tables,  printed  by  Pynson  about  14-03 — ^bought 
imperfect  at  tbe  Roxburgh  sale,  since  made  complete  "  by  the  unrivaUed 
art  of  Mr.  Harris."     (MS.  note  by  Mr.  Heber.)  .        .        .        . 

Garter  (H.)  The  Tragicall  and  true  Historic  which  happened  be- 
tweene,two  English  Lovers.     Prynted  by  Richard  Tottyll,  1565. 

Guoge  (B.)     '•'  Eclogs,  Epytaphes,  and  Sonettes."  1563       ... 


£.  .. 
7    0 

d. 
0 

8  0 
7    0 

9  15 

0 
0 
0 

-    78  15    0 


60  18    0 


17 
16 


•  A  MS.  note  by  Mr.  Heber  says—"  To  an  admirer  of  Chaucer  or  Caxton,  this 
volume  is  invaluable.  This  is  believed  to  be  the  finest  copy  of  Cuxton's  second 
edition  known,  but  it  wants  28  leaves.  Lord  Spencer's  is  still  more  imperfect,  and 
in  inferior  plight.  That  in  St.  John's  Library,  Oxford,  is  the  only  perfect  copy 
known,  but  not  so  large  as  this,  and  the  cuts  daubed  with  colour.  Imperfect  copies  of 
this  second  edition  of  Caxton's  Chaucer  are  to  be  found  as  follows :  1.  Magd.  CoU. 
Cambridge;  8.  British  Museum ;  3.  Royal  Society's  Library;  4.  Lord  Spencer's." 


196 


Rare  Books  in  Mr.  Heber  s  Library. 


[Feb. 


Gordon  (P.)  Tlie  first  booke  of  the  Famous  Ilistorj-c  of  Penardo  oxid 
Lais^a,  printed  in  l(il5.  at  Dort,  by  George  Waters.  Only  two  copies 
known,  this  wns  purchoiied  at  Piiikprton's  sale  for  21/.  -         .     12     5 

"  Guy  of  Wannck,"  black  letter,  printed  by  W.  Copliind.  This  copy 
wns  formerly  in  the  possession  of  West,  Ptarsoii,  Steeven?,  and  the 
Duke  of  Roxbiiighe,  at  whone  Kale  it  was  bought  by  Mr.  H.  for  13/.  Is.     25     0    0 

Hjirdyng's  "  ('hrouicle  of  Eiiglande."  lal-3.  TLi.s  copy  has  the  .u- 
to^midi  of  the  celebrated  John  Dee,  and  belonged  to  Mr.  West  and 
Mr.  Hibbert ;  sold  for  the  pretise  sum  given  for  it  by  Mr.  Heber  •     13    3    0 

Havves,  S.  [or  rather  Lydgate]  "  The  Temple  oi'  Glas.,"  purchased  by 
BoswellHt  Mitloiie'ssale.  for  kW.  10* 14    0    0 

*'  Pftssetyma  of   Pleusure."  1517— fetched  at  the  Doxburghe  side  84/. 

and  at  the  sale  of  Sir  AL  Sykes,  \2l. ;  now 31   10    0 

Homer,  Ten  books  of  "  Homer's  lliiides "  tninslftted  from  the  French 
by  A.  Hull,  blavk  Icttev.   1581,  sold  at  White  Knights'  sale  for  11/.        -     5  10    0 

'*  The  Otinyeles.  nf  the  Londe  of  Englond,"  printed  at  "  Andewarpc," 

1493,  by  Gerard  de  Leew 37  16    0 

The  '•  Cbronycleof  EiikIouJc,"  printed  by  "  Wynkyn  de  Worde,  1502," 
Mr.  Dent's  copy,  and  eost  Mr.  Heber  ;is/.  17s.  -         -         -        -     17  10    0 

"  Dives  et  Pauper,  J4y-'J,"  the  first  book  priuted  by  Pynson  -        -    21     0    0 

Jeste.  Here  bcftynneth  a  lyttel  propre  jestc. 

Called  cr)'ste  crosse  me  spede  a.  b.  c.  ^r. 
n-itb  a  wood-cut  of  three  gossips  Iwneath.     Bl.  1,     Printed  by  Wynkyn 
d«;  Wurde.     This  drollery  rori>ists  of  only  in« /r(ii)r,t — sold  for       -         -      I    10     0 

Milton's  Dante  L' Amoroso  (Jwn^'ivio,  \j2\>. —  Rime  et  Prose  di  Giovanni 
della  Cusa,  1563 — SoneCti  di  B.  V'archi,  1555.  This  volume  belonged 
to  Milton;  and  on  the  first  page  of  the  second  work  is  ••  Jo,  Milton, 
pre.  lOd,  IC^i)'."    There  ore  also  corrections  and  marks  by  him  -     25    4    0 

Nevyll's  Castell  of  Pleasme.     Printed  by  Wytikyii  de  Worde.  bl.  I.         -^00 

Peacham's  "  Thalia's  Banquet,  1620,""  Purchased  at  Mr.  Lloyd's  sale 
for  28/.  lOt        -         -        ....        .         -        -        -        -      6    2    6 

"  Penny  ilerriments,"  a  Collection  of  Ballads,  chiefly  of  Charles  the 
Second's  time,  in  two  volumes,  forracrly  belonging  to  Nardsiiius  Lut- 
trell,  then  to  Mr.  Edward  Wynne,  and  sold  at  his  sale  in  17^6  for 
3i.  8«.  to  Air.  Buynes,  who  bequeathed  it  to  Ritsoii,  at  whose  sale  Mr. 
Heber  bought  it       -        -        -        - 24  10    0 

A  written  Collertion  of  single  sheets  of  Poetry  and  Poetical  Tracta, 
consihting  of  Bulliuls,  I^uniptKins,  ttc*.  In'tween  the  years  I678and  1688." 
formed  by  LuJtrell,  who  hiw  marked  the  original  prices,  and  generally 
filled  up  the  name*)  of  the  persons  alluded  to,  d  vols.  ( Purchased  by 
Mr,  Heberat  Mr.  Bimlleyssale  for2:iW.) 79  16    0 

'•  The  Tryuinphe«  of  Frounce*  Petrarck,  &&,  translated  by  Lord  Mot- 
ley."    Printed  by  John  C^awood"        -         -        -         .         -        -         -2000 

"  The  Hoole  Lyfof  Jason.^     Printed  by  Caxton,  about  1475       -        .    87    0    0 

ScoTi-AND. — ''  The   Complaynt  of  Scotland."      About    1548."     (Only 

four  copie*  are  known) -        -         .         -liL'JOO 

"  The  EK|iedicion  into  Scotlande,  by  Wm<  Pntten,  Londoner."  1548       .     15  tO     0 
•'  A  Merry  Jest  of  Robin  Hood."     Edw.  White,  I5!*4  -         -        -    »J  10    0 

"  Tbe  Sevin  Stages,  translated  out  of  prose,  in  Scottis  metre,  be  Johne 

Rolland,  1578." 27    0    0 

"  Tbc  Knave  of  Clubs,  1611.  More  Knaves  Vet.  The  Knaves  of 
8padea  and  Diamonds,  with  new  additions"  (date  ait  off.)  ••  The 
Kna re  of  Harts.  Haile  Fellow  Well  Met,  lOlsJ."  I  vol,  i  Purchased 
at  Bindley'n  sale  for  35/.  .3*.  J -         -     18 

Rokburgbe  Club  liooks.   42  vols.  -         .......  J^ 


0 
0 
"  Kynge  Ricbarde  Cuerdu  Lyon."  Wynkvn  dc  Wordc.  1528  -  •  25  14 
"  Tbc  PlKTiiix  Nest."  by  R  S  I50a     -Mr.  lleber  notes  thut  he  gave  Mr. 

Reed  five  guineas  for  this  little  book  in  1802 31   10 

"  ProinptoriuiD  Parvulonjmsivc  Clericorum."     First  edit.   Pynsoii,  14{M)    22    0 
"  Py''" '•"•■-•■'  of  the  Soule,"    Caxlon,   lt83;  the  copy  described  in  the 

Li'  i»n»,  vol.  iv.  p.  263     -        - 18  18 

Woik.     .     I    ;i.>r,  the  Water  Poet.  16.*J0.      From  Bridgewater  collection     12  12 

fXbe  sale  of  this  portion  of  Mr.   IleberV  library  produced  between  7,000/.  anil 
S,<K)0/,     There  were  3^000  lot*;  an  imineusc  miuonly  of  tbero  coruiiting  of  works 


h 


1835.]  Literary  Intelligence. — Antiquarian  Resenrches.  197 

not  hrger,  if  so  larg;e,  as  6(1.  plays,  small  ediu'ons;  yet  the  average  price  \>-hs  near  3/. 
a  lot.  It  is  supposed  that  the  t^nleof  Mr.  Hel>er's  books  in  England  will  occupy  in  all 
'  nbouc  one  hundred  days.  A  fifth  portion  is  now  in  the  course  of  tale  M  Mr.  Wheat- 
ley**,  in  Piccadilly. 


ANTIQUARLIN  RESEARCHES. 


BOCIETV   or    A>mQtrAKIE8. 

Jitm.H.    Henry  iiallnm,  esq,  V.P, 
Charleti  Tilstone  Bekc,  cs<j.  author  of 
I*'  Origint^  Bil)liea!,"\vus  t'lfcted  a  Felloiv. 
George  Smith,  esq.  exhibited  some  re- 
plies of  antiquity  found  in  remuvinj^  part 
[of   the   rujnit   of   Bennington   cantle,   in 
Kcrttord«hire.     They  consisted  of  a  bot- 
j  tie  containing  iiome  liquid,  and  two  coins, 
|<one  ot  the  Emperor  Commodus. 

J.  P.  Collier,  e.sq.  F.  S.  A.  presented 
to  the  Society  one  of  twenty-live  ropirs, 
uliieh   he  lias  privately  printed,  of  The 
ilarmwinf^  of  Hell,  a  Miracle  PInv,  from 
Hiui.  MS.25iJ3  (limo,  pp.  10).      It 
upposcd  to  be  at  least  a.<i  old  as  the 
agn   of   Edward    J II.      The  copy   wa.s 
I'ornpanied  by  a  letter  stutinj.;  tbat  Mr. 
Collier  intends   it   to  be   succeeded   by 
three  other  productions  of  the  same  dns.s, 
llo  the  last  of  which  he  will  appetid  a 
[Closary  for  the  whole. 

Sir    Francis    PalgTBve    cniiDiiiuinieated 
[the  copy  of  a  Letter  piirporting  to  be  ad- 
{dre»cd  by  Murgnrct  Countess  of  Salis- 
burj- to  her  «-on  Reginald  Pole  {the  Car- 
dinal),  earnestly   and    alTeclionutely    be- 
•cecbing  hirn  to  become  a  loyal  and  «ub- 
Busuve  subject.     It  is  in  the  hand  writ  ing 
of  ft   secretary,  and   without   .«i^'natuTe ; 
1,  from  its  rhetorical  style,  is  supposed 
tot  to  be  the  CounteSK'R  own  con]|in.->i- 
monp   various    conjecture*,    re- 
'  -  origin,  the  most  probable  is 
;..-.  ..    ...i:.  prcjiared  by  direction  of  the 

lati^,  in  onler  that  Margaret's  signature 
niglit  be  required  to  it. 

reading  was  then  commenced  of 
efcsay  on  the  history  and  on  the  orip[i- 
de»cent  of  the  C^ribs,  by  Robert  H. 
Scboniberg,  etiq.  mentioned  in  our  last 

Jon.  lo.  \V.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 
A.  J.  Keoipc.  esq.  F.  S.  A.  t-xhihitcd 
IrawinjETs  by  Mis!i  Ann  Knight  (pupil  of 
"Ir.    Henry  StothardJ,    after    Kome   un- 
it bM-reliefa  discovered  in   183:^  in 
cbcster  Cathedral,  and  noticed  in  our 
ine. 

t*e  sculptures  represent  the  raising 
•f  Laxarus  from  the  dead,  and  are  e\i- 
dcntlj  of  the  twelfth  century ;  gome  of 
th«  ffviires  have  the  Ion;;  braided  tresses 
itcd  on  the  head  of  the  «tiitue 
^  Queen  of  Henry  I.  placed  in 
iii.iikdal  form  at  the  weiit  dour  of 
er    Cathedral.     The    uiouldings 


of  one  of  the  two  stone  tablets  on  which 
tbey  are  carverf,  ore  itdorncd  with  the 
firtfk  hoHcysucklr.  Mr.  Kempe  conw- 
ders  tlicm  the  work  of  arti.st*  ot  the  By- 
zantine Greek  school.  At  the  wime  time 
be  cAhibited  a  drawinji^  by  the  same  youn^ 
lady  of  u  fresco  puititiriK.  which  adorned 
the  walls  of  the  donieslic  chapel  ot  the 
litsbops  of  f'hiclu'.'itcr.  Titis  is  a  very 
pr;iccful  delineation  of  the  Virgin  and 
Child,  seated  on  a  triangular  throne,  ailu- 
sive  of  courw!  to  the  Trinity — the  whole 
picture  omamentallydcconitedH'ith  Heurs- 
de-iys,  and  contained  within  a  quatre  foil 
border.  The  lime  of  its  cspcution  was 
probably  in  the  reign  of  Henrj'  111. 

Th*T  reading  of  Mr,  Schomberg's  dis- 
sertation  on  the  Csribs  was  concluded. 

Jan.  22.  W.  R.  Humilton.  esq.  V.P. 

Mr,  Thorpe,  the  bookwller,  presented 
to  the  Society  a  copy  ot  Junius's  edition 
ot  Cicdmon,  Ho.  Itiol,  bewaring  the  lume 
of  "  Sam.  fcldv.  L^'c,  17kJ,"  and  interlined 
with  a  Latin  trans  111  tion,  and  notes  by  Lye 
and  Manning  (see  our  Minor  Correspon- 
dence, p.  II 4). 

Mr.  Sinclair  exhibited  a  l<trge  fiilvcr 
medal  of  Conslantinc  Poleologus,  the 
Greek  liinperor. 

J.  Y.  Akerman,  e«q.  F.S.A.  exhibit- 
ed, in  illu*trulion  of  the  style  of  art  dis- 
played in  the  carvings  at  Chichester  (above 
noticed),  a  coin  of  Lorenzo  Teiopolo, 
Doge  oi"  Venice.  On  the  obverse,  is 
Christ  seated,  letters  Tr.  \'c.  Reverse, 
the  Doge  and  St.  Mark,  holding  between 
them  a  banner,  inscribed  i>t'x,  legend  la. 
TEVPi^  and  8[nnctus)  M(arcu8)  VENF.xr. 
Thi.i,  and  some  similar  coins  of  the  same 
period  and  country,  show  how  the  same 
6{y\e  of  urt  spread  from  Byziiiidum  to 
Italy,  and  thence  to  other  countries  of 
Europe. 

Mr.  Kempe  exiiibited  five  Byzantine 
dra\v  ingH,  Irum  a  series  in  bis  possession, 
in  coittirmation  of  his  opinion  that  the 
sculptures  at  Chichester  were  of  the 
Greek  school.  The  drawings  represent 
the  Virgin,  and  probably  certain  Saiiita  or 
Prophets. 

David  Rowland,  esq.  F.S.A.  conimu> 
nicatcd  a  copy  of  some  "  Orders  of  his 
Highness  (Oliver  CromwcU)  luid  the 
Council,  for  securing  the  peace  of  the 
Commonwealth,"  addre»cd  to  some  au- 
thorities  in  Walcii. 


19j> 


AiUiquariaH  Researches. 


[Feb. 


ON   ANCIENT  CASKETS  OF  ITOftY  AND  WOOD. 

By  Sir  Samuel  Rush  Meyrick,  K.  H. 
(From  the  .imalyti,  a  Magcaine  puhluhed  at  Woratter.) 


H  fta(i'%or  obiet't  of  antiquity  tends  to 

i\oit>!t  tho  manners  aiid  rustoms  of  for- 

iiK-r  tiriK>,  ut)'urd«  an  illustration  highly 

ttMiiii  niut  iiitftwting.     It  is  in  such  wny 

tiiMt  iho  study   lH>coincs  of  the  utmost 

!i*,-t^  iw  lo  histury,  and  enables  us  the  bet- 

ivr  ti»  aj»jirvt.Male  tho  hlessinps  of  our  pre- 

MTitt    highly   eulti\'ated  and  enlightened 

siHio  v»t  v.H"iety.    We  shall  6nd,  on  inves- 

tii:Mtioiu  thut  this  ivmark  applies  in  an 

vuiiiioHt  degree  to  those  caskets  of  wood 

and  ivi>ry,  of  which,  owing  to  the  hand- 

MMUo  iH'iiuost  of  the  late  Francis  Douce, 

viH^.    l*'.  ^.  A  ,  the  largest  collection  in 

ihiA  cvuritiy  IN  at  (loodrirh  Court,  in  the 

Kvuaty  ut    Heri>ford.     This  is  the  case 

mx  uK-r«^)y  on  account  of  the  purposes  to 

«hu-h  they  were  applied,  but  more  espe. 

s'Mlls  triHii  the  instructive  details  of  their 

wuli»turvd  ornaments. 

\,>MX\x%  the  13th,  14tb,  and  15th  centu- 
uv«k  (Ik'ho  CHskets  appear  generally  to 
lk«kv  b«,4oiiged  to  a  lady's  toilette ;  and 
latviiKiv  r\'«ie»ible,  what  was  no  doubt 
U^'tt  i>ivtoty)>«,  the  pyxis  of  the  ancient 
^t>«,v)LN  xkbivh  is  so  frequently  seen  in 
tiky-  IwuiUa  of  hidiec  represented  on  the 
«^<iiv  \«Mi>a  \  aud  this  opinion  is'strength- 
,u<4  l>>  the  6trt  of  the  fashion  having 
Iksvu  vKsri^vd  from  the  Greeks  of  Con. 
v«w*iitK«|Uvv  aiMl  pM-haps  introduced  by 
^M»  \kW  ntvuroM  from  the  crusade  of 
XI.  l^isi.  aud  IMnco  Edward.  M. 
\kiU«m  tit  hta  *•  Voyaite  dans  les  De- 
^\^uui.  «.'>,''  (vMu,  1,  p.  241,  describing 
«K,  iiiuAvuiti  iti  l^ion,  mentions  "Boites 
a'«\«>iu-  \i'«Mut  dv  la  toilette  d'une  an- 
s«v  u  .i  I  ^«hv*av  t"  Hiui,  what  is  still  beU 
t^4  .tu  Ki>4tt>,  UitfUeit,  in  hia  Chronicle, 
<\s. .  vUwv  ■«j'*>*»*V'H  *•*  ^'•"«"  Kosamond, 
-,v^„  «  fjji  4».u-  sfH,  hia  own  age,  by  saying, 
<  ,».\  «  Mu  lu>  Im4  a  lyttyll  eoffcr  scarcely 
. ,  . «  V  usv  >»•*•♦{»  »»»*<**  'V  »  wonder  crafte, 
\i,  >»  wt  "wWi  »hw«  (Woodstock). 
V»K,v*i»  >»  •x^with  (hat  geantes  fighte, 
v^  . ,  ,  ««i  .K .  loulo  iWe,  and  lysshe  lepe, 
..  . ;,  ,  .,x  iu«uM  uMfvyngD."  The  pas- 
■,v^  *  x'  »:»»•  --uiMJ  wfect  in  the  Latin 
vrt'v.  >     **>  •■*"*  '**  •"■*•  '^^  to  conceive 


^ 


v« 


\^^i  vkrtfc  fuodueed  by  any  me- 
.,  vii  ^  *>  hy  Mwne  kind  of  clock. 

Iv*'.  a  wa«  wulutured  in  such 
i.x  <4*,«mK-ii  that  toe  subjects  on 

V,  li   tlwv  had  motion.     The 

•;■  .;k  v«iAvU  iu  the  Doucean 
w .  vn  Iv^  •'w*  c.\c««d  one  foot  in 
.  iv^v  U. «»  ^^«  wk  i vorj-  one/of 
,. ..  Kvwiva  With  half.length 
,. ..  i^xkma  *u*wt'r«  in  aixe  to 
^O***  4«s^«*b*«t  It  ha,  a 
,  .J  Mk^  |Mvb»Uy  uw4  for 


zabeth's  time  they  appear  to  have  been 
appropriated  to  men,  and  solely  as  repo* 
sitories  for  money.  Thus,  in  Shak- 
speare's  play  of  the  Taming  of  the 
Shrew,  act  2,  Gremio,  setting  forth  the 
splendid  manner  in  which  be  had  fur> 
nished  bis  house,  says,  "  in  ivoiy  coffen 
I  hare  stuffed  my  crowns."  As  Italy  had 
the  credit  of  introducing  such  caskets  to 
the  rest  of  Europe,  Pussin,  in  his  addi- 
tions to  Gori's  Dyptychs,  voL  III.  de- 
clares that  he  found  many  of  these  chests 
used  by  noble  ladies,  for  their  treasures, 
in  the  13th  and  14-th  centuries,  existing  in 
Tuscany  and  the  cities  of  Picenum,  ei- 
ther whole  or  in  fragments. 

Besides  those  alluded  to,  some  small 
ivory  caskets  were  manufactured  to  con- 
tain marriage  presents  to  ladies,  which 
were  generally  ornamented  with  sculp- 
tures bearing  reference  to  that  circum- 
stance.     On  this  a  French  work  may  be 
consulted,  "  Sur  le  petit  Bureau  Italien," 
published  in  the  year  181 1, 8vo,  pp.  54, 5S, 
Sir   William   Compton,  in   bis   will, 
dated  1522,  bequeaths  to  the  King  ''a  little 
chest  of  ivory,  whereof  one  lock  is  gilt, 
with  a  chess-board  under  the  same,  and 
a  pair  of  tables  upon  it,  and  all  such 
jewels  and  treasure  as  are  inclosed  there- 
in."    This  does  not  appear  to  have  had 
any  ornamental  subjects  upon   it,  and, 
therefore,  more  nearly  resembles  a  small 
backgammon  board  at  Goodrich  Court, 
of  the  time  of  Charles  I.,  of  wood,  inlaid 
with  ivory,   on   the  top  of  which  is  a 
chesa-board,  and   underneath  a  merelle 
table.      But  in  the  second  volume  of 
«•  The  Portfolio,"  published  in  1823,  is 
an  ivory  chess-box  engraved  and  describ- 
ed, of  a  similar  character  to  that  bequeath- 
ed by  Sir  William  Compton,  then  in  pos- 
session of  Mr.  Upcott,  but  now,  through 
Mr.  Doucc's   kindness,    in    this   house, 
which  is  said  to  have  belonged  to  Agnes 
Sorel,  the  favourite  mistress  of  Charles 
VII.,    Kin^   of  France.     On  the  lid, 
which  contains  the  principal  subject,  is  a 
representation  of  the  Morris,  or  Moorish 
daiice,  and  the  characters  who  compose 
it  are,  the  lady  of  the  May,  three  morris 
dancers,    the   fool,    and  a  piper.     The 
French  lady  of  the  May,  called  Marian 
the  shepherdess,  was  generally  a  boy  clad 
in  a  girl's  habit,  and  this  seems  pointed 
out  in  the  present  specimen  by  the   leg 
being  so  much  displayed.     The  costume 
fixes  the  date  of  this  box  as  of  the  time 
of  our   Henry  VI.     Four  subjects  are 
consecutiveW  represented  on  the  sides  of 
the  box.     The  nnt  is  a  pastime  in  which 
a  lover  beats  the  leaves  of  a  tree  to  be 


1835.1 


Sir  S.  R.  Merrick  oh  Ivory  Casket  a. 


199 


CM^t  in  the  lap  of  bis  mistress,  attended 
bf  male  and  female  minstreU,  the  former 
,with  a  pipe,  the  latter  with  h  harp  und 
t'aucboi!»e  heud-dress.  Next  in  a  joust, 
the  ootnbatnnts  in  whieh  have  those  large 
ftuiciful  sleevefi,  of  Lombard  faahtun, 
which  penaded  the  period.  The  im- 
mense spurs,  with  rowels  io  dispropor- 
tionate, are  characteristics  of  tlu-  time,  as 
are  the  jousting  helmets.  The  long  bow 
it  introduced  in  the  neM  cuinparlmeiit, 
as  \if>ed  in  the  chase.  Hunting  with  stutf 
and  born  is  the  (tubject  of  thi-  tsistcom- 
{wnmerit.  Thus,  these  caskets  were  to 
contain  money,  jewels,  and  valuable  trin- 
kets. In  the  .second  cut  to  Godfrey  de 
Boulogne,  or  rather  the  L'he\-alier  uu 
Cypn^t  edit.  1511,  the  waJting-moid  of 
the  Queen  follows  her  to  her  wcddiug 
^ith  one  probably  containing  marriage 
lyretentfi. 

The   great    interest,  however,    which 
they  poMcsa,  is  derived  from  the  sculp- 
ture* with  which  (heyarc  covcied.  Thos« 
t»hich    ornamented   the    toilette   caskets 
were  taken    from   thtf   fabliaux   and   ro- 
jnxnces  that  formed  the  literature  of  gen- 
t4»el  iocieiy  at  that  period,  or  from  the 
tournaments  and  other  ii)iort.s  which  jiro- 
duccd  amusement.  The  mnrriuije-prtsent 
boxes  bud  the  gener»l  (■ircuin»itance'?  at- 
,tendant  oti  courtship  and  inatriinoiiy;  and 
boxesfi  for  religious  jiurposes  were  in. 
idrnui  in  the  life  of  Christ,  or  the  Ic- 
ends  of  saints.     Of  the  first  and  «i'cond 
nly  »ill  it  be  requisite  to  give  pariiculuc 
[njesrriptions. 

I.  A  lady's  casket  of  ivory,  the  top 
frandiig.  Subject,  the  Roniajice  of  Sir 
Tristrem,  of  the  time  of  Edward  I.  On 
one  side  the  adventure  with  the  two 
palmerH.  Se<;  stanzas  xxxix  and  uv  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott's  edition.  0«i  the  front 
Sir  Tristrem  coiivcjing  the  Princess 
Iseult,  attended  by  her  mnid  Brerigwain 
and  an  old  woman,  in  a  boat  from  Ireland 
to  Cornwall,  where  the  love  potion  in- 
tended to  be  given  to  King  Alarc  and 
laeulr  on  their  marriage  i.s  fatally  udmt- 
nistered  to  Sir  Tristrem  and  the  litdy, 
occasioning  tbeir  mutual  alfection.  Then 
titc  itu-ident  of  this  kiiii^bl  letting  the 
lady  full.  After  that  the  arrival  of  the 
party,  and  the  introduction  of  Iseult  to 
the  King,  On  the  other  tiiiJe,  the  Queen 
placing  her  maid  in  bed  with  the  King, 
find  going  off  with  Tri^trem.  On  the 
i»ir  Trifitrcni  and  the  Queen  in  bed 
ir.  Next,  a  palmer  CMrr)'ing  Iseult 
back  through  the  water,  aceompa- 
tiicd  by  Sir  Tri»trcm;  and,  lastly,  the 
Qqccti  on  her  knees  in  the  ])re4t;nce  of 
Marc,  taking  the  deceptive  oath. 
romance,  like  thuse  of  Arthur  and 
lever,  Sir  Lancelot,  jlic.  was  fabri- 
cated   in   Bretagae,    from    the   ancient 


Druidic  Alabinogion,  or  tales  for  novi- 
ciates in  the  mysteries  of  the  Bardic  reli- 
gion. The  names  in  it  are  pure  ancient 
Welsh;  Tristrem  sk^mtluB  iu:  raid  or  pro- 
ciaimer,  Iseult  tpectack,  or  vort/iy  to  be 
looked  at,  Brengwuin  fairhrctut,  and 
Marc  ttuUioH. 

II.  A  Ittdy'a  casket  of  ivory,  the  two 
sides  wanting.  Subject,  the  fabliau  of 
the  Ccimtesse  de  Vergy.  Time  of  Ed- 
ward II.  On  the  top,  first,  the  mutual 
declaration  of  love  between  Sir  Agolane 
and  the  Countess,  who  shows  her  little 
dog,  and  of  what  service  he  might  be- 
come. Then  the  Countess^instructijig  her 
dog.  Then  her  sending  the  dog  to  meet 
Sir  Agolane;  and  his  fondling  tine  ani- 
mal. Then  the  meeting  of  these  lovers 
in  the  orchard.  Next,  the  dcclumiion  of 
a  burning  passion  for  Sir  Agolune  by  the 
Duchess  of  Burgundy.  Then  her  false 
accusation  of  him  to  her  Duke.  Uis  re- 
turn to  the  chamber  of  bis  Countess. 
Then,  the  Dtikc  tbireutening  to  put  him 
to  death  unless  he  can  prove  the  accusa- 
tion false.  On  the  back,  iirst,  hi.s  lead- 
ing the  Duke  to  the  orchard;  tben,  his 
placing  the  Duke  so  as  to  see  bis  court- 
ship of  Vergy.  Next,  the  Duke  assuring 
bis  Duchess  of  Agolsme's  innocence,  and 
hist,  the  messenger  from  the  Duchess 
bringing  the  letter  of  invitation  to  the 
(Jountess  at  the  chateau  de  Vergy.  On 
the  front,  the  laiucntution  of  the  C^oun- 
tess  at  finding  her  secret  knoNvn,  and  her 
death.  Then,  the  maid  bringing  Sir 
Agolane  to  witness  the  sad  event,  and 
hifi  stabbing  himself.  Next  the  maid  fetch- 
ing the  Duke  to  see  the  sad  catastrophe, 
and  his  drafving  out  the  sword  fur  ven- 
geance ;  and,  lastly,  bis  punishing  the 
Duchess  with  instant  death. 

III.  A  lady's  casket  of  ivory,  com- 
plete, of  the  time  of  Edward  IL  The 
top  contains  the  jiarticnlars  of  the  Siege 
of  the  Chateau  d'Amutir,  or,  as  it  was 
also  Termed,  the  C4istle  of  Hoses.  In  the 
left  compartment  is  the  ca.stlc,  with  ladies 
un  the  buttlpinents  hiu'ljug  dosvn  roses 
on  Ihcir  assailants,  and  over  the  gateway 
an  angel  shuoting  with  a  long  bow  at  the 
soil  ul  u  knight,  wlio  luis  his  cross-bow 
charged  wiih  a  rose.  Another  knight  is 
scaling  the  walls  with  a  rope  ladder,  while 
two  others  are  employed  with  a  trefjid, 
loading  it  with  roses,  that  by  the  force  of 
this  projectile  they  may  make  a  decisive 
impression  on  the  fortress.  la  the  right 
hand  cuuipurtuient,  llic  b(lie»  are  seen  un 
the  bnttlcincnts,  and  over  the  gateway, 
welcoming  the  knight? ;  while  two,  on 
horseback,  in  front,  are  about  to  engage 
two  warriors  completely  armed,  each  party 
fighting  with  a  bunch  of  roses.  The 
centre  compartment  represents  a  joust 
where  one  of  the  combatants   has  hia 


I 

i 


200 


Sir  S.  R.  Meffrick  on  Irortf  Caskets. 


[Feb. 


shield  charged  with  three  roses ;  the  two 
trumpeters  are  perched  up  in  trees ;  and 
in  an  elevated  box  of  trellis  work,  here 
and  there  ornamented  with  hangings,  ap. 
pear  those  assembled  to  witness  the  en- 
tertainment.    The  back  of  the  box  has 
the  adventures  of  the  Chevalier  au  Lion, 
also  attributed  to  Percival  li  Gallois.   In 
the  first  compartment  is  the  attack  of  the 
lion,  in  which  the  knight  cuts  off  one  of 
bis  paws.     Then,  the  passing  of  the  pont 
d'epN?^  under  a  shower  of  lances,  two  in- 
cidents also  to  be  found  in  the  romance 
of  Lancelot  du  Lac,  and  sculptured  on 
the  capital  of  a  column  in  the  church  of 
St.  Peter,  at  Caen,  in  Normandy.    Next 
appears  the  knight  sleeping  on  his  en- 
chanted bed,  on  wheels,  with  bells  under 
it,  amidst  a  storm  of  lances,  watched  by 
the  fWithful  lion.     Last  are  seen  three 
damsels  in  conversation,  but  I  am  not 
certain  of  their  history.     The  front  is 
divided  into   four  compartments.     The 
first  and  second  are  from  the  lay  of  Aris- 
totle.    In  the  first  the  sage  is  seen  teach- 
ing Alexander,  from  a  book,  the  impro- 
priety of  his  infatuation  for  the  Indian 
Queen.    Next,  Her  Majesty  giving  proof 
to  the  hero  of  the  all-powerful  etfect  of 
love,  by  making  Aristotle  carrj*  her  on 
bis  back,  u-ith  a  bridle  on.     This  is  also 
to  be  found  sculptured  on  the  same  capi- 
tal in  the  church  of  St.  Peter,  at  Caen. 
The  other  two  compartments  may  refer 
to  some  additional  incidents  in  this  poem 
not  contained  in  most  copies.     The  sage, 
followed  by  two  old  men,  are  about  to 
climb  a  rock  in  order  to  get  to  a  castle, 
which,  in  the  upper  part  they  appear  to 
approach,  and  are  received  at  the  gate  by 
a  young  lad.     In  the  fourth  compartment 
are  four  damsels  bathing.     At  one  end 
of  the  chest  is  the  adventure  of  Galaad, 
and  the  castle  of  damsels,  where  a  hermit 
delivered  to  him  the  keys,  on  his  dis- 
moimting  from  bis  horse.     See  the  se- 
cond part  of  the  San  Graal,  in  Royal- 
Lib*  Brit.    Mus.   14  E.   III.     At  the 
other,  a  queen  sitting  with  her  lap- dog, 
and  viewing  the  head  of  a  king  which  is 
pointed  out  to  her  by  a  knight,  while  the 
transaction  is  witnessed  by  a  king  in  a 
tree;  and   then   a  knight  thrusting  his 
lance  through  an  unicorn,  on  whose  head 
a  lady  places  one  hand  while  the  other 
holds  a  circle  or  diadem.     Adventures 
with  an  unicorn  are  often  found  in  the 
old  romances,  probably  this  is  one  of  Sir 
I.rfinceIot's,  but  I  do  not  tcel  competent 
to  assign  the  transactions. 

IV.  Another  lady's  casket  of  ivory, 
containing  the  same  subjects  as  the  last, 
rather  larger,  but  of  which  the  front  is 
wanting,  of  the  time  of  EdH-ard  II.  The 
top  very  similar  to  the  last,  except  that 
the  first  compartment,  a  little  varien  here, 
forms  the  fourth ;  and  instead,  we  have 
// 


knights  climbing  up  into  the  castle  of  the 
ladies,  and  one  carrying  off  a  female  be- 
fore him  on  his  horse,  and  then  seen 
making  loye  to  her  in  a  boat,  which  the 
boatman  is  rowing  by  a  bridge.  The 
back  and  one  end  are  nearly  the  same, 
bnt  on  the  other,  besides  Lancelot  re- 
ceiving the  key  from  the  hermit,  he  is 
Ereviously  met  by  a  hAy  who  implores 
is  prowess  against  a  hairy  savage  which 
the  knight  is  seen  encountering.  The 
badge  of  the  rose  on  the  left  shoulder  of 
the  surcoat  and  on  the  hood  of  mail  of 
the  warriors  is  a  point  wortbj  of  remark. 

V.  A  lady's  casket  (which  was  not 
the  property  of  Mr.  Douce)  of  ivorr, 
perforated,  with  red  leather  underneath, 
and  bound  with  brass  at  the  edges,  per- 
fect, of  the  latter  part  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  VI.  On  the  top  a  joust.  On 
the  front  a  lion  and  a  griffin,  one  on  each 
side  of  the  lock.  At  the  back,  a  stag 
hunt.  On  one  end,  a  stag  killed  by  a 
man  with  a  spear ;  and  on  the  other  Orsin 
attacking  the  bear. 

VI.  A  casket  of  wood,  supposed  to 
have  belonged  to  Margaret,  Queen  of 
Scotland,  though  this  is  by  no  means  cer- 
tain, as  the  style  is  of  earlier  date.  It  is 
covered  with  the  letters  Ct.  .tSt.,  each 
surmounted  by  what  is  now  termed  a 
ducal  coronet,  and  accompanied  by  the 
Douglas  heart,  from  which  spring  three 
quatrefoils  arising  from  the  same  stem. 
This  does  not  much  resemble  the  Mar- 
guerite, or  daisy,  but  more  closely  the 
gillifiower,  and  what  is  generally  termed 
the  ladies'-smock  leaf. 

VII.  A  beautiful  little  ivory  casket  of 
the  time  of  Edward  II.,  to  contain  a 
lady's  marriage  presents,  complete.  The 
top  contains  a  knight  and  lady  under  each 
arch  of  eight  compartments,  in  various 
attitudes  of  courtship,  done  with  great 
spirit,  the  last  of  which  represents  him  in 
armour,  receiving,  on  one  knee,  bis  helmet 
from  the  lady.  The  front,  back,  and 
sides,  arc  managed  in  the  same  way ;  and 
much  innocent  ]>lay  with  diadems  or  chap, 
lets,  and  with  dc^,  is  pourtrayed.  At 
one  end  they  are  engaged  in  playing  at 
tables,  and  putting  a  bird  into  a  cage ;  at 
the  other,  with  two  birds,  and  sitting 
holding  a  diadem  between  them.  Such 
subjects  ornamented  sometimes  the  mir- 
rors, and  circular  boxes  to  hold  the  seals 
of  marriage  contracts. 

The  costume  on  all  of  these  is  well 
worthy  of  attention,  from  the  accuracy  of 
its  detail;  and  the  architecture  and  articles 
of  domestic  use,  are  various  and  instruc- 
tive. 

The  ivory  caskets  merit  far  more  re- 
search than  what  a  residence  in  the  coun- 
tnr  will  permit  They  form  but  a  part 
of  the  TUoable  bequest  of  ivory  carvings 
for  which  I  am  indebted  to  my  late  worthy 
friend,  Francis  Douce,  Esq. 


1836.]  ^W^^^         201 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


FRAKCK. 

An  adjourned  debate  relative  to  the 
Icrant    for  the    coiistructiuii  of    a    new 
[Cbamber  of  Peers  was  rf*.uTned  Jan.  3rd, 
mostttonny  fitttingit  proved.    Tbe 
vm  agun  adjourned,  and  resumed 
iy,  when  the  origitial  jiroposujoti 
Tor  a  grant  of  360,000f,  ivas  Hdo|)ted  by 
majority  of  209  against  iHl.     The  mi- 
Bisterial  project  hus  thus  passed,  and  a 
iporary  Chamber  will  be  constructed 
order  to  go  on  with  the  state  trials. 
The    follortitiu   important   announce- 
ment, from  the  iVIoniteur  of  Jan,  13tb,  is 
ie  warlike  reply  of  France  to  the  A  me. 
tsican  President's  message. — "  The  King 
recalled  M.  Serrurier,  his  Minister 
Washington.     The  Minister  for  Fo- 
Afiirs  baa  made  known  this  reso- 
to  tbe   Mint<iter  of  the    United 
I  at  Paria,  at  the  same  time  inform- 
ing him  that  the  pwsports  be  may  need, 
in   consequence  of  this  communication, 
at  his  disposal."     The  Anibu^sador, 
rever,  remains  at  present,  to  wait  tbe 
uctions  of  his  ovvn  Guvcnimt-nt.     In 
tthe  mean  time  the  project  of  the  law  re- 
Ijative  to  the  Amcriruu   debt  has  been 
^introduced  into  tbe  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

BEIXilUM. 

The  Belgian  Chamber  of  Hepresenta- 
,  tirea  have  agreed  to  the  project  of  law 
increasing  tbe  taxes  by  ten  per  cent., 
dirision  of  08  to  10.  Tbe  whole 
piof  the  budget  of  ways  and  means  has 
|l)e«n  also  affirmed  by  a  diviMon  of  82  to 
IS  votes.  Tbe  (jOvernmentH  of  Belgium 
[and  Franre  have  reciprocally  agreed  to 
diver  up  subjects  flying  from  the  one 
.juotry  to  tbe  other,  charged  with  the 
icommission  of  serious  ofilences  against 
^pefaons  and  property. 

Sl'AI.V. 

Afiairs  in  Spain  are  still  in  a  state  of 
indecision.  The  illness  of  Mina  has 
afforded  General  LlatLi<li-r  an  opportunity 
ol  attempting  an  intrigue  in  the  govern. 
ment  to  supersede  him  in  his  command  ; 
bat  the  firmness  of  tbe  Queen  has,  ior 
the  present,  defeated  hh  plans.  He 
threaten*,  however,  to  put  himsfit  at  the 
bead  of  bis  troops,  and  take  the  fidd. 

It  uppeurs  that  by  the  law  of  SiKtin  the 

tropifpty  of  the  religious  houses  which 
ave  bi*en  suppressed  cannot  go  to  tbe 
public,  but  reverts  to  the  origiiial  donor, 
wherever  his  descendants  even  to  the 
[lentb  degree  survive. 
GF.>rr.  M.\c,  Vor..  Ill, 


POBTUGAt. 

Tbeyoting  Queen  prorogued  the  Cham- 
bers in  person  on  the  17th  Jan.  with 
speech  which  wa.s  very   well  delivered*! 
and  enthusiasticnlly  received.      She  ob-' 
serves  that  •'  the  same  relations  of  peace, 
friendship,  and  concord,  continue  Co  pre- 
vail between  us  and  friendly  and  allied 
foreign  nations.       From   others    I  have 
proofs  of  benevolent  dispositions,  and  I 
am  confident   that  within  a  short  time 
therefrom  will  Ite  restored  all  that  an- 
cient corrciipundence  which  is  suitable  to 
the  reciprocal  interests  of  tbe   people, 
and  the  general  peace  of  Europe." 

The  opposition  members  in  the  Cortes 
have  published  a  decbration,  of  which, 
the  fiiltowing  is  a  part : — They  approve  j 
of  tbe  abolition  of  tbe  tithe-system, 
which,  they  say,  was  u  measure  coimselled 
by  the  enlightenment  of  the  age,  and 
called  for  by  the  exigencies  of  agricul- 
ture; but  they  condemn  tbe  government 
for  not  providing  ior  tbe  support  of  the 
clergy,  and  of  tbe  aeveral  literary  and 
pious  establishments  which  had  depended 
upon  that  fund. 

Tbe  aftiaiired  hitsband  of  Duniia  -Ma- 
ria, tbe  young  Duke  of  Leucbtenberg 
(now  Prince  Augustus  of  Portugal),  left 
England  by  way  of  Falmouth  on  the  2l>th 
of  Jan.  ;  and  was  txpected  to  arrive  at 
Lisbon  on  the  25th,  where  great  pre- 
parations were  miiJciiig  for  bis  reception. 

It  is  a  fiivuurahle  indication  of  the 
growing  inquimtLveness  and  intelligence 
of  the  Portuguese  peopte  that  a  paper 
called  "  O  Pcriodico  doa  Pobres,"  (the 
Peopled  Paper,)  and  addressed  especially 
to  the  lower  orders,  is  the  one  of  greatest 
circtdation  in  the  kingduni  next  to  the 
Government  (jazette.  It  appears  to  be 
conductied  with  spirit,  and  has  a  greater 
runnber  of  literary  contributors  than  any 
other  pap«r. 

BWITKGKLAND. 

Some  of  the  absolute  govcrnmettta 
exhibiting  great  hostility  to  the  inde< 
pendcncc  of  Sm  ibserland.  The  cabinet 
of  Vienna  has,  in  a  note  to  the  Vorort, 
expres.sed  its  high  dissatisfaLtion  with 
the  late  memorandum  or  declaration  of 
Berne ;  and  the  government  of  Naplea 
has  recalled  from  Berne  its  arabB.4«ulor 
and  his  whole  establishmentt  thus  break-. 
ing  off  all  diplomatic  relations  with  that 
country.  The  Vorort  has  received  simi- 
lar notes  from  the  Russian  and  Pruasian 
ambassadore,  and  ha«  replied  to  them  all 


Foreign  and  Dmneatic  Occurrences. 


202 


with  an  equivocal  promise  that  shows  at 
once  the  spirit  of  the  Swiss,  and  the 
difficulties  which  prevent  its  manifesta- 
tion. 

AMRRICA. 

'  'The  Message  of  the  American  Presi> 
^  dent,  delivered  on  the  Ist  Dec.  to  Con- 
gress, has  been  received.  The  two  most 
important  topics  it  embraces  are,  the  in- 
demnity promised  by  a  treaty  concluded 
July  4^  1831,  of  1,000,OOOJ:  sterling  as 
remumeration  for  the  losses  sustained  by 
American  citizens  through  the  different 
Governments  of  Fr&nce  from  1800  lo 
1817,  more  particularly  under  the  opera- 
tion of  the  Berlin  and  Milan  decrees, — 
and  the  contest  between  the  American 
Government  and  the  United  States  Bank. 
On  the  former  point,  the  President  ex- 
presses it  to  be  bis  determination  to  take 
some  decisive  steps  in  the  matter,  and 
even  to  make  reprisals  on  French  ships 
and  property,  unless  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies  make  some  provision  for  the 
payment  of  the  debt;  and  on  the  latter 
subject,  it  appears  that  the  &te  ,of  the 


[Feb. 


Bank,  so  far  as  it  depends  upon  the 
President  of  the  United  States,  is  de- 
cided ;  the  Bank  having  clearly  had  the 
worst  of  it.  The  connexion  with  the 
Bank  was  to  be  broken  by  degrees,  and 
the  Government  business  apportioned 
among  the  different  State  banks,  the 
President  declaring  against  the  imp<riicy 
of  ever  again  intrusting  so  enormous  a 
power  to  any  one  corporation.  The 
whole  of  the  debt  of  the  United  States 
would  be  paid  off  on  the  1st  of  January, 
but  no  remission  of  import  duties  was  on 
that  account  contemplated.  The  rela- 
tions with  other  foreign  Gtovemmeots 
were  in  general  declared  to  be  aatisfiw- 
toiy. 

New  York  papers  of  the  I7th  Dec. 
state  that  part  of  the  President's  Mea- 
sage  in  which  he  alludes  to  France  bad 
undergone  an  incidental  discussion  in  the 
House  of  Representatives.  The  preva- 
lent opinion  at  Washington  was,  that  no 
measure  authorizing  the  Executive  to 
make  reprisals  on  France  would  be 
agreed  to  by  Congress. 


DOMESTIC    OCCURRENCES. 


Dee.  18.  A  most  lamentable  occur- 
rence took  place  at  Ratheormac,  in 
Ireland,  attended  with  loss  of  life,  dur- 
ing  an  attempt  to  collect  the  tithes  due  to 
the  impropriator.  In  consequence  of  the 
resistance  which  had  been  previously 
made,  some  troops  were  ordered  on  this 
occasion  to  accompany  the  legal  autho- 
rities. The  end  of  a  lane  which  led  to  a 
farm-house  was  blocked  up  b^  a  ear,  and 
a  body  of  about  600  men  resisted  its  re- 
moval and  the  further  progress  of  the 
party.  Orders  were  given  by  the  ma^- 
trates  to  clear  the  passage :  the  violence 
of  the  people  became  greater.  The  Biot 
Act  was  then  read.  The  troops  were 
assailed  'by  volleys  of  stones;  many  men 
and  the  officers  commanding  the  troops 
were  knocked  down,  and  after  every  at- 
tempt by  expostulation  on  the  put  of 
the  officers  to  persuade  the  people  to 
disperse  bad  failed,  the  magistrates  or- 
dered the  troops  to  fire,  when  nine  men 
were  killed,  and  about  twenty  wounded. 
An  inquest  sat  on  the  bodies :  and  after 
several  days'  investigation,  the  jury  re- 
turned a  verdict — thirteen  for  wrilM  mur- 
der :  eight  for  justifiable  homidde :  and 
two  for  manslaughter.  The  magistrates 
and  the  commanding  officer  have  been 
held  to  bail  to  take  their  trial. 

Dec.aO.  The  Gazette  of  this  day 
contained  a  proclamation  announcing  the 
dissolution  of  Parliament,  and  ncMtiiyiag 
that  the  writs  are  to  be  retumaUe  on  the 
19th  of  February.    Since  then  the  whole 


empire  has  been  in  a  ferment  caused  by 
tiie  general  election.  An  authenticated 
alpubetical  list  of  the  new  Paiiiament 
will  be  given  in  our  next  Number. 

JcM.  SO.  At  the  meeting  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  St.  Katherine's  Docks,  stock 
returns  were  laid  before  the  proprietors, 
showing  that  the  trade  of  tne  port  of 
London  has  considerably  increased  unce 
1829,  and  showing  that  the  partial  decline 
in  1832  was  the  result  of  previous  over- 
trading,  and  the  admission  of  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  foreign  com.  Accord- 
ing to  the  returns  of  ue  <^uanti^  of  ship- 
ping, an  inovase  is  exhibited  of  upwards 
of  800,000  tons. 

Dk.  85.  The  Harlequin  Steam  Padc- 
et,  lying  off  the  Tower,  was  nearly  de- 
stroyiedbyfire.  The  Harlequin  arrived  the 
night  before  from  Hambuigh,  with  pac- 
keta,  passengers,  and  luggage,  nearly  all  of 
which  were  happily  landed.  She  was 
reckoned  the  mtest  sailing  vessel  out  of 
London. 

T\K>fmmiy  PoH-qffiee.—lht  following 
new  regulations,  which  have  been  for 
some  time  in  progress,  have  just  been  is- 
sued by  command  of  the  Postmaster- Ge. 
neral.  Lord  Maryborough: — "  Theprin- 
cipal  office  is  at  the  General  Post-office, 
St  Martin's-le-grand,  where  letters  may 
be  put  in  one  hour  later  than  at  the  re- 
ceiving-houses;  but  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  puUic  at  the  west-end  of  the 
town,  letters  will  be  received  at  the  office 
at  Cfaaring.«roa8,  comer  of  Cnig's-court, 


1835.] 


Theatrical  Regisier, — Promotions,  Sfc. 


203 


and  Bt  the  office  in  Regent-strect,  near 
Xangham -place,  balf  an    hour  later  at 
each  dispatch  than  at  any  of  the  other  re- 
ceiving.bouses.     There  are  now  six  de- 
liveries and   six  collections  of  letters  in 
Luudun  daily,  and   by  this  new  reguln- 
tion  the  seven  o'clock  deliverj*  has  been 
extended  to  all  places  in  the  environs  of 
-town   within  the  circle   of  three   miles 
from   the    General   Post-oflice,  most  of 
which  at  present  will  hnve  five  deliveries 
and  five  dispatches  doily.     The  country 
deliircrj-  of  the  Twopenny  poat  has  heen 
extended  from  nine  miks  to  a  circle  of 
twelve    miles   from   the    General   Post- 
office.  Newspapers,  if  put  into  any  Two- 
penny  Post-office  within  the  circle   of 
three  miles  from  the  General  Post-ofBce, 
will  pass  to  the  country  districts  of  this 
office,  if  in  coverii  open  at  the  ends,  for 
I  .**ne  penny  each ;  but  from  one  part  of 
•the  circle  to  the  other,  or  from  the  coun- 
try to  any  part  of  the  circle,  or  one  part 
.of  the  country  to  another,  the  postage  is 
f  the  same  as  for  letteri." 


THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 

UKUaV    LANK. 

Jan.  13.  A  petite  (Jomedy,  in  two 
acts,  from  the  pen  of  Mrs.  Gore,  was 
produced,  called  The  King**  ScaL  The 
plat  was  laid  in  ihe  time  and  court  of 
Henri  IV.     It  was  tolerably  successful. 

Jan,  20.  An  amusing  interlude,  by 
Oiptain  Addison,  entitled  The  Ktng'g 
Word,  and  founded  on  on  amour  of 
Charles  II.  in  Cornwall,  was  brought 
for\\'ard.,  and  met  with  approval. 

COVEKT  GAIinKN. 

Jan,  20.  A  comedy,  in  three  acts, 
under  the  title  of  Off  to  thr  Continent,  was 
introduced.  It  wus  an  abridged  altera, 
tion  of  Farquohar's  comedy  of  "  The 
Constant  Couple."  The  piece  was  very 
coolly  received. 

TH£    i;NGLISH   OFkHA. 

Jan.  17,  Ihe  French  plays  com- 
menced this  evening  with  the  comedy  of 
Lit  Afire  et  la  Fillf — the  principal  actor 
being  M.  Fred,  Lemiutre. 


PROMOTIONS,   PREFERMENTS.  &c. 


Gazette  Puomotions. 

N«>r.  15.  Robctrt  Farkrr,  <*q.  to  b«  Puiinc 
f^adf*  la  Nrw  Brunivirk. — Leuosrd  Edmuoils, 
,  ««^  hi  be  Clerk  of  the  CrowD  id  Chuticcry. — 
.Wtilm  Alton  Blounl.  cw],  to  be  Clipstcr  Hruld 
;  of  Ami. 

Nov.  it.  Felix  Booth,  of  Ra,vi1uo-lo>i|c,  E»kex, 
14.  trtmiri  <i  Burooei  of  tbc  Oatted  Kiflfdani. 
Nov.  dO.  The  Eiirl  of  Derhy  to  be  Lord  Lteucc- 
lk*ol  of  the  couQty  of  I.mcaslCf. 

Nov.  -Jl.  J>)»Jh  I'oot.  C*pt.  George  Yoaog  to  be 
.M»jor.— ^>th  Ftiot,  M»jnr  P.  E.  Cr»i(tie  to  be  Lt.- 
Coloncl ;  Tint.  C.  Warren  Ui  bo  Ma^or.-~^th 
,rool,  L'«|>t.  Iiinm**  Buobory  to  be  Major. — For- 
r  mmI  Kiecurdiot^ire  MihtM,  Str  Alex,  ilamuy, 
',  to  tw  UcuC.Coloitcl. 

.  du.   Tif  Earl  of  Minto  invcttod  with  itic 
-   '-'  »  Civil,  and  Lteol.43eo.  9ir  W.  H. 
I.  llioie  of  k  Military  O.  C.  B.    The 
.1  ton  was  invested  wiib  the  iD»4gD<a  of 
j,.^  11,,.. ,  ui  Uic  G-4rtfr. 

DcT.  ».  Kairlitrd.  William  Webb  Follett,  eiq. 
,ht*  Meetly'*  !M>lkiiar-(cDcrAl. 

Dec.  ill.  Earl  of  Cbetleifield,  and  Philip  lurl 
De  Urry,  were  ivurii  01  Hi*  MHJcily'*  Pfiiry 
CflOBcil. — Vitc.Caitlrreagh,  Vice  ChamberUio  of 
,I1>9  Majrtty't  Houtcliold, — Vi*c.  Ileietbrd,  Capt. 
*<f  Hit  M«j«lv'i  Coipi  of  Geollenien  11  Armi. — 
,  Hoa.  Henry  Luwry  Corry,  Comptroller  of  Ilu 
^Majeity'i  HouM:ho!d. 

0ec-  jti.  Earl  of  Ctietieffield  to  be  MMler  of 
,  III*  Maj«.tty'»  Buck  Uauadi.— Ijofd  Eroejt  Brure, 
,  and  Ijord  t  ulUipoie,  to  be  Lords  of  Hu  Mi>jeat>'» 
.  Bedchamber. 

Dec.  i\.    Lorius   Hooke   Rnbioion,   of  Soath 
Lunbelh,  cvq.  to  be  atientlcmaD  of  Hit  Majeftty'* 
,  Pruy  Cbaratwr  id  Ordinary. 

Jao.  S,  Titc  Earl  of  CourtowD,  Capt.  of  Uie 
Yc«iiK«  of  llie  Guard. 

Jan.  7.  DuDCkti  M'Neill,  c«q.  to  be  Solicitor- 
Gnterkl  for  SeotUod. — Adam  AdatiiUd,  eiq.  to 
b»  itttTtiT  D*'put'?  of  the  ^hire  of  Ptrlh. 

Jao.  ii.  To  be  Biiron»  nf  ihr  t/oitrd  Kiogdon: 
Right  Hon.  W.  B^ron  t'ltiGeiald  mid  Vetey,  by 
ikt  tule  of  Baton  i-itiGrrald,  of  Dciuioud,  and  of 


CUo-OibboD,  cu.  Cork  ;  Rij{ht  Hod.  Sir  Jamea 
Scarlett,  Kut.  by  the  title  of  Baron  Abiafer,  of 
Abioger,  co.  Surtvy,  aod  of  Uit  city  of  Norwich  ; 
.<<ir  Philip  Cbvi.  Sidoe\',  G.C.H.  (<>oly  %ua  nf  Sir 
J.  .S.  Sidney,  Bart.  oi'PeDshuril  cattle,  by  Hen- 
rietta, Jau.  of  ihr  Ulc  Sir  H.  MuDlnkr,  Bart.)  by 
the  title  of  Baron  Dc  L'l»le  »od  Dadlcy,  of  Peoi- 
hunt,  Co.  K<;ol;  Ueo.  Ch«s.  Pratt,  e»q. (commonly 
called  Eail  of  Brerknock),  by  the  Ulle  of  Barott 
Cambdeo,  of  Camhden-place,  co.  Ke&t. 

?7th  Foot,  Capt.  D.  M'Phcrioo  10  be  Major. 

Jao.  10.  Earl  of  Verulam,  Eart  of  Sliffficld, 
Lord  de  Litlc,  Vi»c.  Sydory,  aod  Earl  of  Morton, 
lo  be  Lords  of  His  M«Je>lv'<  Bedthainb«r- 

Jan.  Id.  hith  Foot,  Major  R.  Macdoaald,  to 
be  Major. — 60th  Koot,  Maj-Gen.  Sir  J.  Macleaa, 
lo  be  Col.  Comtnaodaot  of  a  Battalion. 

Jau.  i\.  Cdw.  Duke  Moore,  esq.  to  tw  Apothe- 
cary to  her  M;gp4ty'*  household. 

Jan.  "a.  UoatUchcd:  Brevet  Lieut, -Colonel  O. 
Cuuper.  SecrtUry  tt>  the  late  M«4lfr-gencral  of 
tiie  Ordnance,  to  be  Lieu  tenant-Colonel. 

T^e  Earls  of  Lritrim  and  Donougbmote  Lo  be 
Knighti  01  St.  Patrick. 

Fred.  Pollock,  esq.  elected  fiecorder  of  UunUog. 
dou. 

To  be  King's  Counsel:  Messrs.  Shepherd,  Piatt, 
aod  Kelly,  of  the  roininoQ  law  bar;  aud  Mesir*. 
Kinderslry,  Jati>b,  Wigram,  Miller,  itpeDce, 
Wakelield,  Burge,  Sktrro#,  Temple,  and  Bar- 
yet,  of  the  equity  bar. 


Ecclesiastical  Pbefebments. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Jercmie,  SaoctaCruiis  Pteb.  Lioc.  Catlt. 

Betr.  W.  fiodfKry,  to  a  Minor  Caooory  in  Wor- 
cester Cath. 

Rev.  W.  B.  Allen,  Winterboume  R.  co.  Gloor. 

Her.  E.  J.  Beckwitli,  Su  Michael  Bassissbaw  R. 
Loudon. 

lie*.  W.S.  Biich,  KasloD  Giey  V,  Wilts. 

Ker.  R.  Blond'll,  Lanoboroagli  R-  Ardagh. 

Uev.  H.  Bull.  St.  Mary  MagdaUo  V.O.ford. 

Rev.  II.  Cluileibuck,  Kemploo  V.  BiMfordsbirc. 

Rcr.  W.  Cookson,  Great  Hloton  V.  WUti. 


I 


204 


Promotions,  Sfc. — Births  and  Marriages. 


RcT.  T.  Dale.  St.  Biide'i  V.  Lundoo. 
Kn.  F.  De  Chair,  E*«t  Laniid'in  K.  Kent. 

Key. Pr»chr,  Darlaiion  R,  co.  Stafford. 

Rev.C.  Gaodrirli,  Ilittfrms  P»rv«  H.  Norfolk. 

Rev. Go>liB,  B«)liarob«  U.  ro,  Mnyo. 

H«».  A.  W.  U.)U»«r.  Cti.le  K.  \t\t  of  Wicht. 
Rev.  C.  OrriKKer,  Si.  tiiln's  K.  Kejirlinc,  iicrkt. 
ReT.W.J.if>.t.8t.Benri  »u«lSt.  Prler  K.  London. 
Her.  R  S.  H>wkr-r,  Mon>ia>luw  V.  Curuwall. 
Htv.J.  Huct>n>.  Elrliata  V.  Kent. 
Rcr.  F.  .M.  Macoriliy,  Lndeit  V.  Dnrtet. 
Met.  W.  Mxiilcy,  Cri«|)c*nn  withUUabeld,  H»n(«. 
Be«.  O.Ocier,  Al<  8<iiiU  P.  C.  >Jn»rn»iket,  Suff. 
ne».  E    J.  r*rki-t,   W^Jtliam   St.   L«wren<e   V, 

Berks. 
Rev.  J.  PcTkcr,  Haotlog  Hcaloo  Chapelr)-,  Dewi- 

bury,  CO.  Yurk. 
!»*▼.  C.  Pitt,  Ailiton  K'ryaci  V.  WilLi. 
Hev.  J,  Rrcrc.  Tioilcj   V.  ro.  York. 
Hev,  R.  N.  Rutxil,  Rejrhampton  R.  Batk>. 
Ke».  R.  SmvdeiH,  ttedgetxriow  R.  f«.  Warcutrr. 
llcv.  A.  S«y«-f»,  P<uiiclrv  r,  C,  CO.  Gloucester. 
Rev.  R.  Shutie.  S.in<lon  V,  Herts. 
Rev.  D.  8tcplirj».  Liitle  Prtlienrk  R.  Cornwall. 
R^v.  W.  Syke,,  CcLumnuin  V.  Devon. 
Hev.  O.  G.  C.  T-lbot,  Wiihintlon  R.  co.  Olooc. 
He*.  T.  L.  Wlieelei,  rtl>bi-rtoo  V.  co.  Worc»»tcr. 
Rev.  R.  Withcrby,  North  Ciiupcl  R.  ^uiKx. 

Chaplains. 

Rev.  If.  C.  BoulAoMer,  to  Vi«c.  Stralhallmi. 

KcT.  J.  liowtled,  tu  Utc  Bithop  of  Hnttul 

Rev.  C.  8.  Ormi  aud  tlie  Rev.  A.  Bcuwn,  Cbap- 

lalua  of  Chrtit  Churcli. 
Rev.  A.  Maytoii,  tu  l..ad¥  Weamao. 
Kcr.  J.  Woat,  to  Lord  DuucaoDoa. 


Cn'n.  Prefekmentb. 

Bev.  H,  IlownTlti.  to  he  Chriitiitn  Advocate  of  St. 

Jotin't  Callegr,  Cfeinbrid(r, 
Hev.  W.  Borl«<c,  to  l>e  Master  of  Free  Grunmar- 

tchool,  Totuei,  Devon . 
Rev.  J.  titrlinf,  M<itt«r  of  Pre*  Grammar-tcbool 

•t  EveUiam,  co.  Worrc»trr. 
Rev.  W.  p.  Powell,  Head  .Master  of  Free  Gram. 

mar.fciioal  at  Clillicroe,  LaDcaahire. 


BIRTHS. 

Nftv,  J7.  At  Romia  Cnttage,  near  Aodover, 
Ilant*,  Ibe  wife  of  Harry  Footner.  e><).  loliutor, 
a  dau. 

J>MLi  1.   At  Whip'i  CroM,  Mr$.  Jotin  Capper,  a 

•on, IT>  In  Gro»veaor>»q.  Lady  F.milr  Pu>ey, 

•   dau. 9(1.    At  TorfwiDl,  the  wife   of   Rev, 

C.  H.  Lethbndge.  Ctiaplaio  of  II.  M.S.  Victory,  a 

Mn. 41.  Ttie  (JutiBlrai   of  Carnarvon,  a  ton. 

1-J.  At   Ma(dalea   Hill,   Exeter,   the  wtfa  of 

M'jor  Campbell,  a  dau. At  North^inptoo,  the 

wile  of  '^uiotut  Vivian,  t\^.  6th  Royai  Iriah  Hu>- 

aart,  a  tou  and  heir. 34.  At  ArihiofwoiUi,  the 

Hod.  llrt.  C.  Ilenragc,  a  uso. The  lady  of  Uic 

Hun.  Capl.  Vrcnan  Hircourt,   a  mio. At  the 

Huyal  tlu>p'.t«l,  KilirtaiDliam,  DuMin,  the  lady  of 
Ll.-Gen.  tfic  Hifhl  lion.  Sir  llu»ey  Vivlao,  a  dau. 

S>.  In  liamilton-place,  the  Ui|hl  Hon.  Lady 

Maocaatef.   a  »oo. jfi.    In  D«i«n-ilr*et.  Park. 

laoe,  the  wife  of  the  Hon.  Charlea  Ahboit,  a  aon. 

At   Manheim,   Grand    Duchy  of   Hadeo,  the 

wtf«   of  Lieat.-Col.  Stepney  Cowell  ((tie  C«ld. 

■iream  Ouardk),  a  ion. la  Bioomtbur^-X).  the 

wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Edward*,  a  t(Hi, 4l>.  At 

BardoB   Hall,    Leie.   the    wile   of    Ho«.  Jaeomb 

Hood.  n<].  •  dau. .ID.    In  Kui«ex-pl.>ce,    Re- 

g«nt't-paik,  the  Hon.  Mra.  Edw.  Firtclier,  a  ton. 

Lately.  At  U<rley.hou>e.  Plymouth,  ihe  wile  of 

(Vkl.  Elliot,  a   tna. In   Scotlaud,  the  lady  of 

8(r  Joaeph  Radcliffc,  a  dau. 

Jaa,  I.  Ai  the  l.ady  Colcbetler't,  MooUfne-pl. 
Jlitia«l>->q.  the  Udy  of  the  Hxa.  Ptiilip  Hrnry 
AMot,  a  daw.— 9,  At  IUai)ffate,  ibc  ConDltM 


of  Kioaonll,  a  dau. 3.  In  Dork«t*t().  the  Lady 

Helena  Cooke,  a  non. At  Wear  Otflbrd,  the 

I^dy  l,oui«a  Forteicue,  ■  »on.  t.  At  NortJi 
Cave,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Jarrati,  a  dau.  6. 
At  Haittnjifordbtiry  Rectory  .the  wife  of  the  Hon. 

and  Rev.  R.  Eden,  a  ton. In  PortmiD..it.  the 

wifeof  Lirut.-Co).  Kiiollya.Srot*  Fu<ileer Guarda. 

ad<u. 9.  AiFleelltadi,  near  Fareham,  the  wife 

of  Lt  -Col.  Kyd,  a  dau. 10.  At  the  Rectory, 

Wood roanttr roe,  Surrey,  the  wife   of  the   Rev. 

C- J.  Crawford,  a  dau, la  Upper  Grniveoor- 

»<)•  the  L'ountui  de  la  Warr,  a  ion. Ji.  At 

Leamiiiijluu,   Uic  wife  of  Uic  Ifon.  Capt.  Soner- 

vilte,   R.N.  a  dau. li.  In  New  Builingtnn-al. 

Mri.  R.  Reutley,  a  dau. M,  At  Lrylou,  Eaaek, 

the  wife  of  Rer.  C.  J.  Lapiinuud«yr,  a  d.iu. 

At  Manby  BriRc,  Che  wife  of  tlir  Hon.  Cbaa.  Aa. 

dertoo  Pelham,  atoo  ind  heir. In  South  Aud' 

ley-*t.  the  lady  of  Viicouot  Tornncton,  a  dag. 
— — IS.  la  Ealnn-aq.  the  L»dy  Ai;oe«  Byng,  a  aon. 

So.  At  the  Rectory,  Wiltoo,  the  wile  of  the 

Rev.  J.  S.  Siockwell,  of  iwtu  daughtera. 


MARRIAGES. 

July  13.  At  St.  Helena,  W.  Alraandcr.  eaq,  loa 
of  the  Riihop  of  Mealh,  to  Mi!»  Jaonelt  Dallai^ 
dau.  of  the  Cioveiaor  of  that  litaad,  and  niece  of 
&rn.  Sir  T.  D,.ll««,  G.C.B. 

Dei.  !>.  At  Lenliain,  the  Rev.  Harry  Vane  Rg». 
sel,  Retlor  of  lli»e,  Vorklhite.  to  KIim.  third 
dxu.  >>i  the  Utc  Oiborne  Tyldon,   t\a.  of  Tome 

Hill,  Kcot. At  Itlin^lon,  the  Rev.  Jolin  lUm- 

bledon,  Mimtler  of  Hoiluway  Cliapel,  Middlcsca, 
to  Soplila  Aogtln,  dou.  of  the  Ule  Gro.  Lagrenca^ 

esq.  of  St.  JaOlrt't,  Jilliajca. 10.  At  Ka«t  Ilea* 

dred,  the  Rrv.  E<tw.  Iluury,  of  Cliiltoo,  to  J<ne. 
dau.  of  the   Kr«.  C.  Wapthare,  Rector  of   £..»( 

Hcndrrd. 1 1 .  At  H,  Gre4t  Cumbcilaiid.ttieat. 

Hyde-park,  the  Count  de  Pklatiano,  to  Miaa 
Hartley,  only  Uau.  of  the  late  Rev.  W.  H-  Hf^w- 

■rd   Harilrj',  of  Bucklvkury  House,   Reiki. 

13.  At  St.  Mai'gaiel'a,  VVe>lnua<ter.  Samuei  Haw- 
tayne   Lcwin,  esq.  of  Loose,   to  Miss  Paeiie,  of 

Loose,    near    M*iditoae. 15,    AC    ItliugtoD, 

the  Rev-  John  Medows  Rodwell,  mioistrr  of 
St.  Peter's,  SalTroo-hill,  to  Elia.  Mary,  eJdcal 
dau.    of   the    Rev.    W.   Pirkcr,    Rector  of    M. 

Ethelburjia  witliio  Bishopagate. U.  At  Plnm- 

siead,  Henry  A.  Horo'by,  esq.  Madras  Amty, 
to  Elixa   Fraaces,  eldest    dau.   of   Capl.  Haut- 

lain.R.A. At  LanibeUi,  the  Rev.C.  PriUhard, 

Clapham-rii',  to  Emily,  fifth  dau.  of  J.  Neatoo, 

esq. At  St.  George's,  llatioversq.  Gilbert  At- 

fleck,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  Rev.  Sir  R.  AAeck, 
Bart,  of  Dalham  Hall,  Su(fi>lk,  to  Evenna  Prances, 

eld>-st    daa.    of  F.    Kllis,    e)q.    Bath. ^.At   !>(. 

Ueorge'i,  Haoover-iq.  Gro.  Carey  Elwea,  esq.  to 
Arabella,  eldest  dau.  uf  Thos.  F.  Heneage,  caq. 

and   oiete  to  Lord   Yarborougli. *«,    At   8t, 

Georte's,  Haoovcr-iq.  Sir  A.  Malvt,  Bart,  to  Mkta 
8pali<iog.  dau.  of  l.,ady  Brougham  and  Vaua.'— 
Adolphus  Frrd.  Molyocui  Cape),  esq.  sou  of  Lady 
Caroline  Capri,  and  orphtw  to  the  Eat  I  of  Eiacx, 
to  the  Hon.  Chark>ite  Mary  Maynatd,  eldest  daa. 

of  Vise.  Maynard. -a.   At  Farley.  Wilts,  iba 

Rev.  ).  Cecil  Grainger,  to  Margaret  Bewick,  daa. 
of  the   late   J.  ^mart,  esq.   of  Tiewhitt    Ilouae, 

N'oilhurnbcrlaad. 44.  AtSt.  Marylebone.  J.M. 

KIwes,  of  Bossiuctoo,  Hsot>,  c^'^,  in  Fmily,  ds«. 
of  tlie  Rev.  Dr.  l.^uslon,  I'       '     "'  •>i. 

>0.    At  All  Sools,    1.^ 

Ncsrtoo  Smart,  Master  of  i  <  >. 

to  Charlotte,  daa.  of  the  Nir  t  >.j.  ii    ii>  unvntrr, 

11.  At  Antony,  Cornwall,  Joseph  Yorle,  esq. 

ol  Forthaaiptoa  Court.  Gloucrstersliire,  to  Fraarta 
Antoota,  dau.  of  the  Right  Hon.  Reginald  P»U 
Carew. 

Jan.  I.  At  St.  lieorgaS,  Manover.sq.  the  Rev. 
W.  AadrrwpT,  Rcctnr  of  Lilliogstoe  Dayretl, 
Burks,  to  Mary  llutlun,  ''rond  dau.  of  lb*  Aer. 
J.  Lo«|  Lonb  K«ct<>r  uf  .Maids  MowtCoa, 


I 

■ 
I 


1635.] 


205 


OBITUARY. 


The  Eaal  of  HARumcxE. 

A'm?.  18.  At  Titten hanger.  H«?rtforcI- 
■hire,  aged  74,  the  Right  Hon.  PhUip 
Yurkc,  tliird  Earl  of  Hardlwicke  and 
Viscount  Koyston  (1754),  and  Baron 
Harttwirkp,  tiF  [JMrdivJek  in  GlouccHter- 
»bire(i73ah  K.Gr. ;  Lord  Lieutenant  and 
Cu&tu8  Rotiilorum  of  Cambridfteshire, 
High  Steward  of  tbt'  University  of  (Cam- 
bridge, Register  of  the  Court  of  Admi- 
ralty, a  Trustee  of  the  British  \[useum, 
LL.p.  F.R.S.  F.S.A.  Ike  &c. 

His  Lordship  was  bom  May  3J,  1757, 
the  eldest  son  of  the  Rt^ht  Hon.  Charles 
Yorke,  Lord  Chancellor  of  England, 
and  the  only  »on  of  his  first  wife  Catha- 
rine, daughter  nud  hvh  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Wiiliatn  Freman,  of  Haromela  in  Hert- 
fordsijiire  (by  Catherine,  datigbter  of  Sir 
Tbonras  Pope  Blount,  Bnrl.  of  Titten- 
banger  in  the  same  county).  He  was 
educftied  at  Queen's  college,  Cambridge, 
where  the  degree  of  M.  A.  was  conferred 
on  him  in  I77'i,  and  that  of  LL.D.  in 
1811.  At  the  general  eleetioti  of  1780 
he  i<-as  returned  to  Parliament  for  the 
county  of  Cambridge,  and  was  re-cbosen 
in  17H4;  he  succeeded  to  the  peerage, 
Mtty  16.  17ii0,  on  the  death  of  bi$  uocle 
Philip  the  second  Earl. 

In  1801  he  W.18  nominated  Lord  Lieu. 
tctmnt  of  Ireland,  where  he  remained 
until  1805,  and  his  vice-ro)Tilty  was  dis- 
tinguishtd  by  great  uilldnesii  and  mode- 
ration 

Lord  Hardwicke  was  elected  a  Knight 
of  the  Garter  in  1803 ;  and  High  Stew- 
ard  of  the  University  of  Cambridge  in 
1806. 

Hiii  Lordship  waa  always  considered, 
by  tho.<<e  who  knew  bim,  as  a  model  of 
an  Engliiili  Nohlcmim — rourteous  and 
afTablc,  culm  onddigniBcd^  ho.«[iilubIe  and 
munificent,  intelligent  and  a  highly  ac- 
coraplished  'scholar, — ever  ready  to  pre- 
side at  any  meeting,  that  bad  tor  its  ob- 
ject the  improvement  or  welfare  of  his 
fellow  creature'^,  and  alwa^'s  a  liberal  pa- 
tron of  every  public-*pinted  enterprise 
or  charitable  in«titiitiuti.  On  every  oer&. 
«ion  be  was  remarkable  for  the  perfect 
propricTyof  his  behaviour,  and  the  cheer- 
ful  jHii.otuality  with  which  he  discharged 
every  duty  that  prewnted  itself.     Exero- 

Iilary  in  bis  domestic  rehitionn,  he  was  in 
pis  public  career  disinterested  and  inde- 
(lemieiK,  and  his  long  life  sva«  throughout 
■  life  of  re!;pectabilityund  usefutne^s. 

1/ord  Hanlwicke,  married  July  24, 
17H2,  I^dy  Elitabctli  Lindsay,  eldest 
djiugbtcr  ut    Jiuues  liUb  Karl  uf   Bal- 


CUTES,  Biuit  to  the  present  Erfirl,  tnd 
sister  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Kil. 
dare.  By  her  Ijidyship,  who  survives 
bim,  he  bad  issue  four  sons  and  four 
daughters:  1.  the  Right  Hon.  Anne, 
CoTinies's  of  Alexborougb,  married  iri 
18t>7  to  the  present  Earl  of  Mexbo- 
rough,  and  bas  seven  children  ;  2.  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Philip  Viscount  Royston,  who 
was,  unhappily,  wrecked  in  the  Bal- 
tic, April  7,  1808,  in  his  24tb  year;  3. 
the  Rt.  Hon.  Catherine- Freman  Count- 
ess of  Caledon,  married  in  1811  to  ihe 
present  Eariof  Caledon,  and  has  an  only 
son.  Viscount  Alexander;  4.  Charles, 
who  died  an  infant ;  3.  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Elizabelh.  Margaret  Lady  Stuart  de 
Rothesay,  married  in  1816  to  Sir  Charlea 
Stuart,  now  Jiord  Stuart  de  Rothesay, 
and  has  two  danghters;  6.  the  Rt.  Hon, 
Caroline- Harriet  Viscountess  Eastnor, 
married!  in  I8l.^  to  Mscouiit  Eustiior, 
eldest  sou  of  Earl  Somen,,  and  bos  b  ve 
children;  7.  the  Rt.  Hon.  t'buries- 
Jame»  Viscount  Royston,  who  died  at 
Cambridge,  April  30.  1810,  in  bis  13ch 
year;  and  8.  the  Hon.  Joseph- John 
Yorke,  ubo  died  un  infant  in  IbOl. 

Having  thus  deceased  without  surviving 
male  issue,  hj&  Lordship  is  nuccoeded  iu 
bis  titles  by  bis  nephew  Charles. Pliilip 
Yorke,  esq.  C^pt-  R.N.  and  late  M.P. 
for  Cambridgeshire,  eldest  son  of  the 
lute  Vice-  Adm.  the  Hon,  Sir  Joseph 
Sydney  Yorke,  K-CB.  The  present 
Eurl  married  on  the  4th  of  Oct.  1833,  the 
Hon.  banib  Liddel),  alxth  daughter  of 
Lord  Ruvensworth,  sister  to  the  Countess 
Mulgrave  and  Viscountess  Barrington. 

The   funeral   of   the    late   Eurl   took 

flace  at  Wimpole  on  Friduy  Nov.  "il. 
I  had  been  his  Lordship's  wish  that  it 
should  be  priir-ate;  otherwise  there  would 
have  been  a  numerous  and  respectable 
attciidunce  of  the  members  of  the  Uni- 
vei^ity  of  Cambridge;  a  large  body  of 
bis  tenantry,  however,  were  present,  to 
pay  their  last  duty  to  their  considerate 
and  kind  landlord.  The  members  of  his 
family  attended, — the  Eurl  of  McxIkj. 
rough,  and  four  of  his  sons  ;  Lord  Stuart 
dc  Rothesay,  '  I-rf>rd  Cnledon  was  in  Ire- 
land), Visi'outit  Eastnor ;  the  |)resent 
Earl,  as  chief  mourner,  and  his  brothers, 
Mr.  Elliot  and  Mr.  Henry  \  orke  -,  also, 
the  Rev.  H.  Pepys,  Mr.  St.  Quintin, 
and  Major  Hall.  The  pall  was  borne  by 
the  Rev.  A.  Cotton,  Mr.  Watson,  Mr.  C. 
Pcmberton,  Mr.  Allix,  Mr.  Pym,  Mr. 
Eaton,  the  Rev.  J.  Haggitt>  and  tbe 
Rev,  y.  L.  Jenyns. 


4 


J06 


Sir  TT.  Hicks,  Sir  C.  E.  Kent,  Sir  C.  Flower,  Sorts.        [Feb. 


SiK  W.  HK'Kd.  Bait. 

(ku  id.  At  Witcomb  Park,  Glou- 
lYstrtvhiTv.  acvd  t^  Sir  Willimm  Hicks, 
tb«  wvench  baronet,  a(  Ucrerston  in 
tb«  '(iinic  cvuntjr  (1619). 

lU  vt*»  tho  oldi>r  son  of  Sir  Howe 
Hu'i.s.  tbe  uvth  Ibronpt,  by  Martha, 
Uftudhtcr  of  the  Kfv.  John  Browne; 
and  »ut>>i^Hl(>U  to  the  banmetcy  on  hia 
tachvrV  doath,  April  iV  1801.  He  was 
Knt  immtIv  lifty  j-eary  an  arti^-e  and  up- 
rifiht  UM^stnteYur  Glourestenhire,  and 
«a*  acvu!>t«Hned  tu  prraide  as  chairman 
«4'  the  l>eiH>h  at  C-beltenham.  As  a 
landlord,  no  nutn  has  oommaiidod  more 
Nwitivt  and  adfvrtiun,  and  inurh  to  his 
h\«iKtur.  Kiiiiv  he  suareeded  to  his  estate, 
there  htive  lK>en  no  poor  imtes  collected 
at   Witcomb,  althiHD;h  the  whole  of  the 

{wiiith   Akw*   luit  beK>n(f  to  him.     His 
LuidiiOMi  and  benevolence  to  his  humble 
tteiubboiin  have  been  most  exi>mplary: 
he  has  ever  tonnd  them  the  means  of 
mb^aatenee,  either  by  jHvviding  emplo}?- 
uieiit  or  relievine  their  wants,  when  in 
divtreits  and  unable  to  work;  while  be 
has  regularly  paid  a  medical  man  to  at- 
tend iheni  in  sivkncss.     In  the  besit  of 
ttuiest  he  neither  raised  hiH  rents    nor 
l\ihei«:  his  chief  pride  being  to  scte  a 
h4ip)>>-  and  prosperous  tenantry  around 
hiiu,  who  shoula  be  enabled  to  provide 
ovviv   tvmfort    for    their  familioN,  and 
leahM'  a   {HmmI   profit  by  their    farms. 
Whea  Sir  William  attained  his  minority, 
he  h«-<uic«l  a  laige  body  of  his  tenantry 
Mii«l  otttor  elet*tors  to  the  poll,  to  vote  for 
Ml.    Theater,  in  the  ceiebnited  contest 
Itx    iho  etiHitty  of  Crlouceater  between 
lU-ikvitt  and  Chester;  since  which  period 
ht>  h4i  ken  diallnguialj<|d  as  a  firm  and 
*u\»>    aH|>|H>rler    of   'I'orv   principlet. 
XSiHu^  \hv  war  he  commanded  the  Chel< 
ivtklMui  volunteer  iH>rps  of  inhuitry. 

:ui  Vl'iUiaiu  Hleks  was  twice  married. 
Uut  titai  mio  w»a  Judith,  third  daughter 
ol    Kduaid   WhiUHtinbeb  of   Urleton  in 
\l\iivtviU  inhiiv.  «*»  whom  he  was  married 
III  I  (MK  *»»«I  **»*»  ««***  •"'**'  *o  •"  2517 
<»>••,  UoMv.  Mhu  died  an  infant  in  1787. 
Vi    Willwiu  luturied  secondly,  in  Aug. 
liKK<   \iuic  IW'hel,  daughter  of  Thomas 
L.'Mi  V  liiiu-,  vi  lh»  Vine  in  Hampshire, 
.,.M  »n  wh.uii  h*>  bad  one  daughter,  Anne- 
Uh.*..'.  u..ni»va  ill  IHI«.  to  W.  L.  Cro- 
.,?w ... .  ..iiU  »w*i«oi  **»f  Michael  Cromie, 

lij,    ,u..ii..^u»  y^i    tW  fifth  Earl  of 

''i«».»w  .UiU  ««ihi»ut  male  issue.  Sir 

•k    Iw.  i  '!.  ,u*,v*wJv'J  "'  ^'»  title  by  his 

^       v..?    WwWl    Ulcks    licks 

•Ji      V  ^V     '4    Wiiliuiii^l"|»-iiark,  in  the 

,     xs-Ji  ■*>•♦*  ^"  ^'"  the  Ute 

0..  ^   .'     fiiu.    ^*-^  '"•H-   M.P,  for 


Cirencester ;  a  brief  memoir  of  whom 
will  be  found  in  the  Gentleman's  Maga. 
xine  for  March  1830,  p.  271. 

Sot  Chakles  E.  Kent,  Bakt. 

Dec.  5.  At  Peterborough  house,  Ful- 
bam,  in  his  50th  year.  Sir  Charles  Egle. 
ton  Kent,  the  second  Baronet,  of  Forn- 
ham  St.  Genevieve,  Suffolk. 

He  was  the  only  son  of  Sir  Charies 
Egleton  Kent,  the  first  Baronet,  bj 
Mary,  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Joaiah 
Woraswortn,  of  Wtndsworth  in  York- 
shire, esq.  He  succeeded  to  the  titles 
on  bis  father^  death,  March  14,  1811. 

Sir  Charles  married,  March  4s  1818, 
Lady  Sophia.  Margaret  Lygon,  sister  to 
the  present  Earl  Beauchusp;  and  by 
her  Ladyship,  who  died  only  three  weelu 
before  him  (see  our  Dec.  Number,  p.  656), 
has  left  an  only  child,  now  Sir  Charln 
Kent,  Bart,  bom  in  1819. 


Sir  Charles  Flower,  Bart. 

Sent.  15.  In  RusselUsquare,  aged  72, 
Sir  Charles  Mower,  of  Lobb  in  Oxford- 
shire, and  Woodford  in  Essex,  Bart  an 
Alderman  of  London. 

This  wealthy  citizen,  the  personifica- 
tion of  those  characteristics  attributed 
to  the  City  Aldermen  of  the  old  school, 
—a  limited  education  with  great  natural 
abilities,  rast  powers  of  accumuhition, 
and  an  enthusiastic  love  for  the  science 
of  gastronomy,— was  the  elder  son  of  Mr. 
Stephen  Flower,  a  cheesemonger  in  the 
Minories,  by  Mary,  only  daughter  of  Mr. 
William  Bnzier,  of  Chippenham,  Wilts, 
and  widow  of  Mr.  John  Watts,  of  Bank- 
aide.  He  was  entirely  the  architect  of 
his  own  fortune,  which  he  princiiMdly 
formed  by  extensive  contracts  with  Go- 
vernment, for  provisions  during  the  war. 
He  was  an  unsuccessful  competitor  with 
Sir  James  Shaw  for  the  Alderman's  chidr 
of  the  ward  of  Portsoken  in  ITisS^  was 
elected  to  that  of  CornbiU  in  1601,  served 
the  office  of  Sheriff  in  1799,  and  that  of 
Lord  Mayor  in  1806.  He  was  created  a 
Bwnet  by  patent  dated  Dec  8, 1809. 

He  married  Anne,  eldest  daughter  and 
eventuall  V  coheiress  of  Joseph  Squire,  of 
Flyinouth,  esq.  who  died  in  1803b  having 
had  issue  two  sons  and  six  daughters : 
I.  Anne-Mary;  8.  Elisabeth,  married 
in  1809  to  Thomas  Wildman  Goodwyn, 
esq.  who  died  in  1830,  leaving  nine  chil- 
dren; 3.  Charles,  who  died  young;  4. 
Sir  James  Flower,  who  has  succeeded 
to  the  Baronetcy ;  he  was  bom  in  1794, 
and  married  in  1816  Mary- Jane,  eldest 
daughter  of  Sir  Walter  Stirling,  Bart. ; 
k  ^"'**"«'  married  in  1824  to  Christo- 
pher  James  Magiuy,  esq.  son  of  the  Ute 


1835.]      <.)dituahy. — Gen.  Sir  H.  Warde.~A.  Chalmers,  Es(j. 


AldemiBn  Magiiay ;  lie  died  in  1889, 
leaving  three  children;  6.  Clarissa;  7. 
Mari*;  and  &  Jemima. 

Sir  Charles  Flower  has  left  behind 
him  5jO,000/.  ;  of  which  he  has  be. 
qaeathed  'UXt.OOO/.  to  his  eldest  son  ;  to 
two  of  hi«  daughters,  30,000/.  each;  to 
a  third,  31,000/.;  to  two  unmarried 
daughters,  30,(.KX)/.  eucb ;  and  to  a  third, 
400/.  a-ycar.  His  remains  were  removed 
to  Aldgate  church,  for  interment.  The 
funeral  jirucLssion  wus  exceedingly  plain 
and  uhoistcntHtiouB,  the  hearse  being 
OMreiy  followed  by  three  muuniinfif 
eeoahea,  in  which  were  Sir  James  Mower, 
■a  chief  mourner ;  Harvey  Cambe,  esq. 
Mr.  Robarts  the  bimker;  Mr.  D.  W. 
Scott,  of  the  Chamberlain's  Office ;  Dr. 
Gordon  and  Mr.  Vantie,  physician  and 
apothecary  to  the  deceased;  and  Mr. 
White,  who  has  been  for  many  years  his 
confidential  clerk  and  man  of  business, 
and  to  whom,  to  the  suqmse  of  many,  he 
has  left  only  500L  The  interment  was 
made  close  to  the  vault  of  Sir  John  Cass, 
at  the  south-west  end  of  the  churcbyuid. 


I 


207 


Warde  was  sent  to  India,  and  iterved  as 

second  in  command  under  Lt..Gen.  llie 
Hon.  J,  Ahercromby  at  the  capture  of 
the  Mauritiu-s  in  lyiO,  He  remained  in 
that  island  for  some  time  after,  in  com- 
mand  of  the  troops ;  was  uftcrv^'ards 
acting  Governor;  and  subsequently  up- 
I>ointed  to  the  chief  command  of  the 
forces  For  his  ser>-ice8  on  the  conquest 
of  the  island,  he  once  more  received  the 
thanks  of  Parliament. 

He  waij  appointed  to  the  Colonelcy 
of  the  68th  foot  in  1813;  the  same  year 
promoted  to  the  rank  of  Lieut.- General ; 
nominated  a  K. C.B.  on  the  enlargement 
of  the  order  of  the  Bath,  in  Jan.  1&15; 
became  a  (Jreneml  in  1830,  and  G.C.B. 
in  Ib3l.  In  1B26  he  was  Governor  of 
fiarbadoes ;  and  in  1831  appointed  Colo- 
nel of  the  31  St  foot. 

Sir  Henry  Wardc  had  a  large  family, 
of  whom  the  Countess  of  Guilford  is 
one. 


GFNEaAL  Sir  H.  Warde,  G.C.B. 

Oct.  1.  At  Dean  House,  near  Aires- 
ford,  General  Sir  Henry  Warde,  G.C.B. 
Colonel  of  the  31  it  Foot. 

He  entered  the  army  as  an  Ensign  in 
the  I  St  foot  guards  in  17H.?,  and  in  I7JK 
was  promoted  to  a  Lieutenancy,  tvith 
tbe  rank  of  Captain.  In  the  following 
year  the  Giuirds  accompanied  the  expe- 
dition to  Holland,  and  at  the  siege  of 
Valenciennes  Ca[it.  Warde  was  so  se- 
rerely  wounded  in  the  storm  of  the  out- 
works, that  he  was  comjtelled  to  return  to 
England.  On  his  recovery,  in  June 
1794,  be  agiun  joined  his  regiment,  and 
continued  to  serve  with  them,  acting  as 
Adjutant  to  the  third  battalion,  until  his 
promotion  to  a  Company,  when  he  was 
sent  home. 

In  the  expeditioii.s  to  Ostend  and  to 
the  Holder,  this  officer  served  as  Lieut,- 
Colonel,  and  was  present  in  ail  the  actions. 
He  received  the  brevet  of  Colonel  in 
1801  ;  and  in  1804  he  was  appointed 
Brigadier- General.  His  next  foreign 
Mmce  was  in  the  critical  exjicdition  to 
Copenhagen  in  1807;  and  his  nuine  was 
included  in  the  votes  of  thunkA  from  both 
Houses  oi  Farliumcnt  on  that  occasion. 
In  the  following  year  he  obtained  the 
rsnk  of  Major  General.  He  next  com- 
manded tbe  first  brigade  of  Foot  Guards 
s«nt  to  Spain  in  JH08,  with  the  force 
under  Sir  David  Baird,  and  returned  to 
Enghmd  after  the  battle  of  Corunna,  his 
name  again  appearing  in  the  votes  of 
thkaki  from  Parliament. 

In  tb*  same  year,  1609,  Major-Geii. 


I 


AiKXANOEft  Chai^mers.  Esq.  F.S.A. 

I>ei\  10.  In  Throgmorton-fitrcct,  in 
his  7Gih  year,  Alexander  Chalmers,  Esq, 
M.A.  F.S.A.  one  of  the  most  eminent 
Biographers  that  Great  Britain  has  ever 
produced. 

He  was  bom  at  Aberdeen,  March  29, 
1759,  the  youngest  son  of  Jamr>s  Chal- 
mers,  and  Susanna  Trail,  daughter  of 
the  Rev.  James  Trail,  minister  at  Mont- 
rose. 

His  &ther  was  a  printer  at  Aberdeen, 
well  skilled  in  tbe  learned  languages;  and 
established  the  first  newspaper  known  at 
Aberdeen;  which,  after  bis  death  in  Sept. 
1764,  whs  carried  on  by  his  eldest  son, 
and  is  now  the  property  of  his  grandson, 
Mr.  David  Chalmers.  His  grandfather, 
the  Rev.  James  Chalmers,  professor  of 
Divinity  in  tbe  Marischal  college,  died 
much  regretted  Oct.  8,  1744,  aged  58. 
The  family  of  Trail,  from  which  Mr. 
Chalmers  was  descended  on  the  mother's 
side,  is  highly  respectable  and  of  great 
antiquity. 

Pluving  received  a  classical  and  medi- 
cal education,  about  the  year  1777  he  left 
his  native  city,  and,  what  is  remarkable,  be 
never  returned  to  it.  Hv  had  obtained 
tbe  situation  of  surgeon  in  tbe  West 
Indies,  and  had  arrived  at  PortHmoutb  to 
join  his  tihip,  when  he  suddenly  altered 
his  mind,  and  proceeded  to  the  Metro- 
polis. He  soon  became  connected  with 
the  periodical  press.  His  literary  career 
commenced  about  the  same  time  with 
that  of  his  townsman  the  late  James 
Perry,  esq.,  the  latter  as  a  writer  in  the 
General  Advertiser,  and  the  former  as 
tbe  editor  of  the  Public  Ledger  and 
London   Packet.     This  was  during  th« 


Obitcahv, — Alexander  Chulmera,  Esq.  F.S./i. 


[Feb. 


American  war,  when  jiarty  spirit  ran  very 
high.  At  this  period  Mr.  Chalmera 
acquired  considcruble  fame  us  a  political 
wnter.  He  also  contributed  to  tlie 
other  popular  joTiniBls  of  the  day.  In  the 
St.  Jame«'s  Chronicle  he  wrote  nume- 
rous essays,  many  of  them  nnder  the 
BiRiiaturi;  of  StNtx.  To  the  Horning 
Chronicle,  ihc  property  of  his  friend  Mr. 
Perry,  he  was  for  suine  years  a  valuable 
assistant.  His  eotitributions  consisted  of 
smart  paragraphs,  epigrams,  and  satirical 
jioems.  He  waa  also  at  one  time  editor 
of  tlie  Morning  Herald. 

Mr.  Chalmers  was  early  eonnected 
in  business  with  Mr.  George  Robinson, 
the  celfhrated  publisber,  in  Paternoster, 
row.  He  assisted  him  in  judging  of 
MSS.  offered  for  publication,  as  well  as 
occasionnlily  fitting  the  same  for  (he  pub- 
lic eye.  He  was  also  a  contributor  to 
the  Critical  Review,  then  published  by 
Mr.  Robinson;  and  to  ihc  AnalytJeal 
Review,  puhUshed  by  Mr.  Johnson.  At 
tlu.<i  period  be  lived  almost  wholly  with 
Mr.  Robinson;  and  on  his  death  Mr. 
Chalmera  recorded  his  friendship  for 
him  by  a  memoir  in  the  Gentleman's 
MajOkZiric  for  June  1801. 

Mr.  Chalmers  wb«  most  indefatigabli! 
and  laborious  in  his  studies  and  des'otion 
to  literature.  No  ntan  ever  edited  so 
many  works  for  the  booksellers  of  Lon- 
don ;  and  his  nttenlion  to  accuracy  of 
collation,  his  depth  of  research  us  to 
SteUf  and  his  discrimination  us  to  tbe 
character  of  the  authors  under  hh  re- 
view, cannot  be  too  highly  jmiiscd. 

In  1793  he  published  a  Continuation 
of  the  History  of  England,  in  letters, 
8  vols.  I— 2d  edition,  17£«;  3A  edition 
180^;  4th  edition  1821.  In  1797  he 
compiled  a  Ulussaiy  to  Sbakspeare;  in 
1798  a  sketch  of  tbe  Isle  of  Wight; 
and  publitibrd  an  edition  of  the  Hev. 
Jamefi  Barclay's  complete  and  universal 
JEngUab  Dictionary. 

Iti  1803  he  edited  «' The  British 
Estayitts,  with  prefaces  historical  and 
biographical,  and  a  General  Index,"  -ki 
vols.  This  series  begins  with  the  l*atler, 
and  end<  with  tbe  Obscr>'er.  The  papers 
were  colkted  with  the  original  editions  ; 
and  the  Prefaces  give  accounts  of  the 
works,  aiid  of  the  lives  of  such  of  the 
writers  as  are  less  generally  known. 
Another  edition  of  this  work  was  called 
for  in  180S;  and  it  baa  bince  been  re- 
printed. 

in  1803  be  prepared  an  edition  of 
Shakapeare,  in  9  vols.  8vu.  with  an  abridg- 
tneni  of  tbe  more  copious  notes  of  Stee- 
vens,  and  a  life  of  Shakapeare.  This  edi- 
bon  was  accompanied  by  plates  (irom  de- 
■ignsby  H.  Kuseli,esq.  R.A.  Mr.  Cbal- 
Isf 


mers  took  particular  puins  with  the  Uxt, 
which  is  believed  to  he  the  most  correct  of 
any  edition  yet  published, — Reprinted  in 
1812. 

In  1805  he  wrote  a  Life  of  Burns,  and 
a  Life  of  Dr.  Beatlie,  prefixed  to  their 
respective  works.  In  the  same  year  be 
was  elected  a  Fellow  of  the  Society  <rf 
Antiquaries. 

In  1806  be  edited  Fielding's  works, 
10  vols.  8vo ;  Dr.  Johnson's  works,  12 
vols.  8vo  ;  Warton's  Ei«8ays  ;  tbe  Tatler, 
Spectator,  and  Guardian,  14  vols.  6vo; 
and  assisted  the  Kev.  W,  Lisle  Bowie* 
in  the  publication  of  Pope's  Works,  10 
vols,  8ra.  1807. 

In  1807  be  edited  Gibbon's  History, 
with  a  Life  of  the   Author,  12  vols.  8vO. . 

In  1808,  and  follomng  years,  be 
fixed  Prefaces  to  tbe  greater  part  of  tl 
volumes  of  a  Collection,  selected  by 
fclf,  known  as  "  Walker's  Classics,"  fr 
the  name  of  their  puhlt'iber.  They  con- 
sisted of  45  vols,  and  met  mtb  great  en< 
couragement. 

In  180U  be  edited  Bolingbroke's  works, 
8  vols.  8vo. ;  and  in  thi»4  and  subseijuent 
years,  he  contributed  many  of  the  lives 
to  the  magnificent  volumes  of  the  "  Bri- 
tish Gallery  of  Contempor«ry  Portmits," 
published  by  Cadell  and  Davics.  These 
noticcR,  though  short,  are  authentic  and 
vahuible. 

In   1810  be  revised  an  enlarged   edi- 
tion   of   ■'  The   Works  of   tbe  Englis^j 
Poets   from    Chaucer   to    Cowper;    in.] 
eluding  the  series  edited,  with  Prefac 
biographical  and  critical,  by  Dr.  Joht 
and    toe   most    approved    Translatit 
Tbe  additional  lives  by  Mr.  Cbalmen,** 
In  al  vols,  royal  8vo. 

In  the  same  year  he  published  "  A  Hii 
tory  of  the  Colleges,  Halls,  and    PubL' 
Buildings  att^iebed  to  the    University 
Oxford,  induding  the  lives  of  the  Found* 
ers  ;"  a  work  which  he  undertook  at  th*  ■ 
request  of  his  old  friend  Mr.  Cooke  the 
bookseller  at   Oxford,  and  from  which  he 
derived  much  pleaKurc,     It  displays   bin 
usual    i>atient  diligence  imd    minute   in- 
quiry.    The  work  was  rendered  more  8t>_ 
tractive  hy   u  neat  !tet  of  engravings  b| 
Messrs.  8torcrand  Greig.   In  tbe  prefacekl 
3Ir.  Chalmers  promised  to  continue  th»j 
subject  by  a    ilistory  of  the  University  j 
but  that  wa.«  never  published. 

In  1811  he  revised  ihroiigh  the  prea 
Bishop     Ilurd's    edition    uf     Addison's 
Works,  C  vols.  6vo ;  and  an  edition  of 
Pope's  Works  in  B  vols.   18ino. 

In  the  same  year,  be  republished,  with 
correcrions  and  alterations,  a  periodical 
paper,  entitled  ••  The  Projector,"  3 
8vo.  Tbene  CKsays  were  originally  print 
in  tbe    Oentieman's    Marina.     "They 


Obituajiy. — Alfjeandrr  Chalmers,  Etq,  F.S.A, 


begun  in  Jan.  1802  and  were  rontiiiiied 
niontblj  to  Nov.  18<)9.  He  h*A  prt-vi- 
ouslr  written  a  periodical  pnper,  called 
*'  Toe  Trifler,"  in  the  Aberdeen  Miig»- 
sine ;  but  tboKe  essayi  were  never  printed 
separately. 

In  >812»  he  prefixed  a  life  of  Alex- 
ander Cruden,  lo  the  sixth  edition  of  his 
*'  Concordaiicf." 

But  the  work  on  which  Air.  Chalmers' 
fame  as  an  author  chiefly  rests  is  *•  The 
Genct:ai  Biogruphica]  Dictionary:  con- 
taininf^  an  hijtorir^l  and  critical  acrount 
of  the  Livos  and  Writitie^  of  the  most 
eminent  "Slen  in  every  Nation ;  partif'u- 
larly  the  British  and  Irinh ;  from  the 
earliest  arcounts  ti)  the  present  times." 
The  first  four  vohimi's  of  this  work  were 

fubtished  monthly,  roinrncnring  in  May 
Ml 2,  and  then  a  vtilume  every  alternate 
month,  to  the  'SiA  and  UiNt  volume  in 
March  1817.  a  period  of  -l-  years  and  10 
months  of  iuctrssant  labour  atid  of  inaity 
personal  privations.  Fortunately  bis 
oealtfa  and  spirits  were  wonderfully  sup- 
ported»  and  he  wan  cheered  during  the 
progress  of  the  work  by  tbe  approbation 
of  those  whom  it  i»  desirable  to  please,* 
Of  ibe  extent  of  Mr  ChRlmers's  Inhtnirs 
some  idea  may  be  collected  from  the  fol- 
lowing statement.  The  ]jrecedin^  edition 
of  this  Dictionnry*  1708,  was  in  la  vol>. : 
the  present  in  32  vols.  It  was  aug- 
mented by  .'i(U4  additional  lives  ;  and  of 
the  remaining  number  2\1(>  were  re- 
1  written,  and  the  whole  revised  and  cor- 
rected. Tbe  total  number  of  articles 
«iceed  SXHOO.  Tbe  general  fidelity  of 
Mr.  Chalmers's  labours  stands  con.«pi- 
cuDus  and  unimpeached.     In  each  article 

Ilbe  sources  whence  it  \*  derived  are 
pointeil  out ;  the  wnrks  of  iinthor!!  are 
enumentted;  and  in  propor;ioning  the 
length  of  an  article  to  tlte  quality  and  in- 
terest of  the  subject,  due  consistency  is 
observed.  L'nwarpcd  by  prejudice,  be 
pursued  his  labours  with  fearlessness, 
candour,  and  inipartiality ;  ajid  whilst  the 
purity  of  his  tAiitc  prevented  injudicious 
commendation,  the  rectitude  of  his  priu. 
ciplet  forbad  the  palliittioit  uf  those  qua- 
lities,  which  a  lii^h-roned  moral  feeling 
will  neither  pardon  nor  dispilse.f 

In  Nov.   1816  be  republished,  "  The 


Lives  of  Dr.  Edward  Pocock,  the  cele- 
brated Orientalist,  by  Dr.  T wells  ;  of  L>t  • 
Zachary  Pearce,  Bp.  of  Roche*iter,  and  of 
Dr.  Thomas  Newton,  Bp.  of  Brixtol,  by 
themselves  ;  andf»f  the  Rev.  Philip  Skel- 
ton,  by  Rlr.  Bnrdy,*'  in  2  vols.  8vo. 
These  lives  are  chietly  valunble  as  belong- 
ing to  that  sfiecics  of  Biography  called  tie 
minute.  The  undertaking  first  suf^ested 
itself  to  Mr.  Clinlmer»,  "by  a  perusal  of 
the  interesting  life  of  Dr.  Porock ;  and  the 
other  lives  were  sc  lectedas  containing,  with 
respect  to  more  modern  times,  an  equally 
ronFidenible  portion  of  imrious  bistorr, 
ecclesiastical,  political,  and  literary."  To 
the  whole  work  Mr.  Chalmers  added  an 
index  of  proper  names. 

In  lb  19  Mr.  Chulmere  published, 
"  t'ounty  Biography,"  4-  numbers  ;  and  a 
Life  of  Dr.  PuJey,  prefixed  to  his  Works. 

In  IH-A),  he  published  *'  A  Dictionary 
of  tbe  English  I-angiiagc,  abridged 
from  the  Rev.  H.  J.  T<jdd's  enlarged 
edition  of  l>r.  Johnson's  Dictionary, "* 
1  vol.  8vo.  In  Mr.  Chalmers's  Abridge- 
ment every  word  in  Mr.  Todd's  edition 
is  given,  Mr.  Todd  having  enriched  the 
origiruJ  work  of  Dr.  Johmon  with  seve- 
ral thousand  words.  Of  this  work  a 
Mcoud  edition  was  printed  in   lB2i. 

In  \%22,  be  edited  the  ninth  edition 
of  Boswell's  "  Life  of  Johnson;  in  1823, 
«  new  edition  of  Shakspeore ;  and  ano- 
ther edition  of  Dr.  Johnson's  worlts. 

For  many  years  Mr  Chalmers  bad  been 
employed  by  tb^  bookseilers  tn  revising 
and  enlarging  hif«  Biographical  Dictionary. 
But  of  late  his  ill  state  of  health  pre- 
cluded the  possibility  of  his  close  atten- 
tion to  so  arduous  a  task.  We  regret, 
therefore,  to  say  that  only  abont  a  third 
of  the  work,  hs  fur  as  the  end  uf  the  let- 
ter !►,  is  ready  for  tbe  press. 

Mr.  Chiihijcrs  \^•as  a  i-aluiible  coiitri- 
liutur  to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
to  which  he  was  very  partial,  tinding 
it  of  the  greatest  use  in  the  compila- 
tion of  his  biographical  works.  Some  of 
his  rartfctt  communications  arc  eoume- 
ratcri  bi'low..^ 

With  the  late  Mr.  John  Nichols  he 
was  ill  the  strictest  bonds  o|  friendship, 
rendered  donbiy  pleasing  by  the  similarity 
of    their    literary   purauiis.     For    many 


•  See  Gent.  Mag.  1816,  pt.  it.  p.  296. 

f  See  Gent  M»g.  1S17,  pt.  i.  p.  291. 

\  I'788,  p.  300,  On  Dr.  Johnson's  Character.— P.  479,  On  Dr.  Johnson's  Letter  to 
Richardson. — 17JH,  p.  696,  On  Wntfs's  Psalms,  answered  by  Dr.  Kippis,  p.  7M. — 
1795,  p.  \6%  Account  of  James  Boswell.  —  P.  803,  Tribute  to  Dr.  Andrew  Kippia. 
1799,  p.  199,  On  the  Increase  of  Geniuses. — IfOl,  p.  .^IW.  Caurion  against  n  growing 
Immorality  of  principle. —  P.  704,  On  Hyperbole  in  Converaalion — 18l>2.  p.  86, 
Lamentable  Decrease  of  Ruderrss.— P  900,  Present  state  of  our  current  .Monies. — 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  11  L  2  E 


k 


210 


OfltTUARY. —  Hllliam  Blackwood,  B$q. 


» 


jrears  srnrcely  a  week  cinpsed  without  an 
interchange  of  friendly  literary  commu- 
nications relative  to  the  works  on  whieh 
they  were  en^^ed,  imA  thiiC  the  public 
were  benefitedi  by  tlipir  intercourse  was 
freqticntly  mknowledgod  by  both  writers 
in  the  prefaces  to  iheir  respective  works. 
This  friendship  continued  uniibated  tilt 
the  death  of  Mr.  Nichols,  wbcn  Mr. 
Chalmers  wrote  a  biography  of  hiui,§ 
which  is  one  of  the  fullest  nnd  most 
pleasinjf  memoirs  m  hit-h  ever  appeared  of 
a  louKand  laborious  litemry  lift'. 

With  most  of  the  othir  principal 
printers  and  booksellers  of  London 
during  the  lust  311  years,  Mr.  Chalmers 
lived  on  terms  of  intiinm^y  ;  and  has  fre- 
quently recorded  hin  esteem  for  them 
in  the  Obituary  of  our  Magazine|| . 

Alexnnder  CItalmers  was  m  the  strictei't 
sense  of  the  terms,  an  honest,  honour- 
able man.  and  a  true  Cbrisdan.  His 
piety  was  rational,  and  operative  on  his 
life  aiiiJ  tonduct»  His  was  a  buppy  reli- 
gion, jjroduetive  of  a  serenity  of  mind 
luid  benL'Volence  of  fcelinf?  towards  all 
mankind.  Ort  settling  in  live  Metropolis, 
he  became  u  sincere  mennbcr  of  the 
Cburcli  of  England,  and  attended  ehitfly 
on  the  ministry  of  his  friends,  the  Kev, 
Watt*  Wilkinson  and  ihe  Rev.  Jo--iah 
Pratt.  He  wx^  rhurit;ible  iiltmjst  t*>  a 
fuukj  and  even  munificent  when  he  eon- 
ceived  himself  etilled  upo»  to  set  a  good 
example. 

Mr,  Chalmers  was  a  warm  and  affee- 
tionate  friend,  and  a  delightful  com- 
panion, being  very  convivial,  and  hi* 
conversation  leplcte  lM)tli  with  wit  and 
infurnmtion.  He  belonged  to  xarious 
literary  club«  of  the  old  f.cIjo«l,  of  which 
he  was  nearly  the  last  suniving  member. 

In  1783  Mr.  Chalmers  marned  Eli/ji. 
bclb,  the  widow  of  Mr.  John  Gillett. 
Sbc  died  in  June  1816. 

Mr.  ChalmerE  suffered  much  from  ill- 
ness during  the  last  few  year*  of  his  life. 
His  death  was  oceasioned  by  the  effects 
of  intlunimation  of  bronchia,  having 
been  preriou»ly  much  worn  down  by  long 
confinement  to  bis  house,  rendrred  ne- 
eeasary  in  consequence  of  frequent  Siifier- 


ii)g  from  local  irritation  attended  by  ho- 
maturio,  as  well  aa  from  anasarca. 

He  WHS  buried  Dec,  19,  in  the  same 
vault  with  hia  wife  in  the  church  of  St 
Bartlioluniew  by  the  Royal  Exchange. 
The  service  was  performed  by  bis  friend 
the  rector  of  that  parish,  the  Kev.  Dr. 
Shepherd  ;  und  kiti  remains  were  aecoro. 
paiiied  to  the  grave  by  his  two  nephews, 
Mr.  David  Chalmers  of  Aberdeen,  and 
Dr.  rimlmen;  of  Croydon;  by  the  Rev. 
Jo5iuh  Pratt ;  and  by  several  other  of 
his  old  friend*^,  among  whom  was  the 
writer  of  this  article,  who  highly  es- 
teemed him  living,  and  deeply  regrets  hi* 

loS!4. 

Air.  Chalmers  has  left  a  very  valuable 
library  principally  relative  to  Biography 
and  Literary  History,  enriched  with  many 
interesting  notes  and  anecdotes,  which 
will  be  sold  by  auction  by  Messrs. 
Sotlieby. 

There  is  no  engraving  of  Mr,  Chal- 
mers ;  but  tJiree  likenesses  of  him  arc 
existing  :  otic,  in  crayons,  by  Mr.  Waine- 
wrigbt,  in  possession  of  his  executor 
H.  FosA,  esq.  of  I'all  Mull ;  another, 
a  small-iiied  portrait,  the  entire  tigure, 
by  W.  Dycc.tbe  projierty  of  Mrs.  Brown, 
his  niece  ;  and  a  thirds  a  splendid  niinia- 
ture  by  Robertson,  in  )K>ssesKion  of  his 
nephew  Mr.  D.  Chalmers,  and  one  of 
the  happiest  effortA  of  that  distingukhed 
ortist. 


Wilioam  BLACKaooD,  Esq. 

Sepu  16.  At  Edinburgh,  aged  57, 
William  Blackwood,  esq.  tlie  eminent 
Bookseller. 

Mr.  Blackwood  was  bom  in  Edin- 
burgh, Nov.  jW.  1776.  Although  his 
parents  were  in  a  much  humbler  station 
uf  life  than  that  which  he  himself  ulti- 
mately occupied,  he  received  an  excellent 
early  education  ;  and  it  was  his  boyish 
devotion  to  literature  which  determmed 
the  choice  of  his  calling.  In  1790,  when 
he  was  fourteen  yeai-s  of  age,  be  entered 
on  his  apprenticeship  with  the  well- 
known  bouse  of  Bell  and  Bradfute ;  and, 
before  quitting  their  roof,  largely  stored 


« 


P.  916,  The  Dress  of  the  Ladiea  methodically  considered.— P.  1110,  On  Improve- 
ments proposed  near  the  Bank.— 1803,  p.  40,  On  the  christening  of  Ships,— From 
ItMtt  to  1H>9  he  was  a  nwnf/iiy  contributor,  under  the  signature  of  "  A  Projector." 

i   See  (jent.  .Mag.  Dec,  18^ti. 

Ij  Amontt  others  m«y  be  noticed;  Alderman  Magnar,  stationer,  in  Nov.  I8j?6: 
Josetih  Jjollyer,  t-ngmver,  Feb.  182B;  Luke  Hansard,  e«tq,,  printer,  Dec.  1883; 
C.  J.  Msgnay,  t-»^.  Aug.  18:J9;  Alderman  Crowdt-r,  printer,  Dec.  1830j  Mr! 
Tboinns  PajTie,  buokarlb-r.  ^^Urch  1831  ;  Air.  C.  Rivington.  bookseller,  June  IKU  i 
Andrew  Strahao.  esq.,  printer,  Sept.  lS3i ;  John  Taylor,  eaq.  July  Hi32. 


1835.) 


Obituakv. — William  Blackwood,  Esq 


his  mind  with  reading  of  all  Bortii ;  but 
esjiecially  ScoijkH  bistoryarid  antir|Hities. 

When  he  bad  been  six  years  with 
Messn.  BctI  and  liradfute,  he  wrnt  to 
Glntgow,  to  be  matio^r  for  Mr.  Mtiiu 
dell,  then  in  extensive  business  as  a  book* 
•eller  w\A  university  printer.  Mr.  Black- 
wood had  the  sole  superintendence  of 
the  bookselling  department;  and  be  al- 
ways »poke  uf  (lie  time  he  spent  in 
Gliisgow  as  having  been  of  the  greatest 
fcrviee  to  bim  in  after-life.  Being  thrown 
•ntircly  on  his  own  resources,  he  then 
Ibnnea  those  habits  of  decision  nnd 
proni|iiitude  for  which  he  wa.s.  Kubse- 
<juently  so  remarkable.  He  also  corres- 
ponded, re^rnlnrly  with  Mr.  3'Iundel]  and 
W  friends  at  home — a  usage  imm  which 
h«  derived  ijreat  benefit  in  the  tormatlon 
of  that  style  of  leKer-writin)^  uliich,  in 
the  opinion  of  mt|ny  competent  judges, 
hati  aelduni  been  »urptisiied. 

Mr*  Wundell,  however,  gave  up  buhi- 
nesB  in  Gla&^ow:  und  ut  the  expiration 
of  a  year,  Mr.  Bhu-kwood  returned  to 
Mestra.  Bell  and  BradfMte.  In  1799  he 
entered  into  |inrtnerslii|i  with  a  Mr. 
Rosa,  whieh  cutiiiexiim  wa6  <lissoIved  in 
a  few  yean;.  He  then  went  to  London; 
and,  in  the  shop  of  Mr.  Cutheli,  ]R'r- 
fei-ted  hioiaell  in  the  knowledge  of  old 
boiiks. 

In  I904j  Jlr,  Blackwood  returned  to 
Edinburgh,  and  eounucnccd  biisinexs  on 
his  own  uccuunt  on  the  South  Bridge,  um 
a  dealer  in  old  books,  in  (he  knowledge 
of  which  he  hud  by  that  titne  few  ertuais. 
He  soon  nfter  became  agent  for  Murray, 
Baldwin,  and  Cadell,  and  also  published 
on  his  own  account ;  among  other  \vork8 
**  Grvbatne's  Sabbath,"  "  Ken-*s  Voyages," 
the  "  Edinburgh  Encyclopiedia,"  &c. 
In  181^  appeared  his  fuinuus  eutulogue, 
consiiiiting  of  upwards  of  fifteen  tbou- 
mnd  booki  in  various  languages,  all  chis- 
siHed. 

For  many  years  Mr,  Blackwood  con- 
fined bi«  attention  principally  to  the  clas- 
sical and  aiittqimrian  branches  of  his 
trade ;  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
best- informed  liooksetlers  of  that  eluss 
in  the  kingdom  ;  but,  on  removing  in  the 
New  Town  of  Edinburgh,  in  181  (>,  he 
disposed  of  hia  stock,  and  thencelbrth 
•pplicd  himself,  with  characteristic  ar- 
dour, to  general  literature,  and  the  bubi- 
ne$s  of  a  popular  publisher. 

In  April  ltJI7,  he  put  forth  the 
first  number  of  "  Blackwood's  MMgiaine,** 
the  most  important  feature  ot  hi»  profes- 
aiotml  career,  and  which  he  boa  long 
before  contemphited.  From  that  perioil 
it  engrossed  a  very  large  share  of  hi» 
time ;  and  though  he  scarcely  ever  MTote 


for  its  pages  himself,  the  genei'al  manage- 
ment ajid  arrangement  of  it,  with  the 
very  extensive  literary  correj*pondence 
which  that  involved,  and  the  constant 
superintendancc  of  the  press,  devolved 
principally  upon  him. 

No  man  ever  conducted  business  of 
all  sorts  in  a  more  direct  and  manly  man- 
ner.  His  opinion  was  on  nil  occa-siana 
distinctly  expressed ;  his  questions  were 
ever  explicit;  his  answers  conclusive. 
His  hinceritj'  might  sometimes  be  consi- 
dered rough;  but  no  human  being  ever 
accused  him  either  of  tlattering  or  of 
shuffling;  and  those  men  of  letters  who 
were  in  frequent  communication  with 
him,  soon  conceived  a  respect  for  and 
coniidericp  in  him,  which,  save  in  a  very 
few  ifutanceft,  ripened  into  cordial  re- 
gard and  friendship.  Tu  youthful  me- 
rit he  was  a  ready  and  generous  friend  ; 
and  to  literary  ]»er!>ons  of  good  moral 
chaructcr,  when  involved  in  pecuniary 
distress,  he  delighted  to  extend  a  boun- 
tiful Miiind.  lie  wu«  In  nil  respects  a 
man  of  largo  and  liherul  heart  end  tem- 
per. 

During  some  of  the  best  years  of  his 
life,  he  found  time,  in  the  midst  of  hia 
own  pressing  bti^ine^s,  to  take  rather  a 
prominent  |)art  in  the  affairs  of  the  City 
of  Edinburgh,  as  a  mugii^trate ;  and  he 
exhibited  on  all  occasions  perfect  fairness 
of  purpose  ;  and  often,  in  the  conduct  of 
delMtte,  and  ttie  management  of  leas 
vigorou.»  minds,  u  very  rare  degree  of 
tact  and  s^igtkcity. 

He  has  left  a  widow,  and  a  family  of 
seven  sons  nnd  two  daughters— all  of 
whom  are  at  home,  exce|iting  the  third 
son,  who  is  Lieutenant  of  the  59th  Ben- 
gal N.I,  V\'\!i  two  eldest  sons  have  an- 
nounced  that  they  will  carry  on  the  busi- 
ness, in  which  from  boyhood  they  were 
associated  with  their  honoured  i>arent. 
(^Abridged  from  the  JAtcrury  Gazette). 


I 


Mrs,  Julia  Smitii. 

Dec  8.  At  Grantham,  aged  7.3,  Julia, 
widow  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Smith,  Vicar 
of  Mclksham,  Wiltshire,  and  formerly  of 
Wendoier,  Bucks. 

IMrs.  Smith  wusi  the  youngest  and  laat 
survivor  of  a  family,  all  the  niemberH  of 
which  bore  the  .-Mime  distinguishing  marks 
of  talents,  virtue,  piety,  and  active  bet»e- 
volence.  The  characters  of  somo  of  thein 
have,  from  their  public  usefulness,  been 
noticed  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  at 
former  periods.  The  reader  is  rcfcrroa  to 
the  Gent.  Mug.  for  ITtvj,  pp.  GOO  and 
OOi,  and  17GG,  pp.  'Jti,  'S21,  for  an  account 
of  her  father,  Sir  Friiiicis  Beruur^  Bart,, 


213 


Obituabv.— il/ra.  Julia  Smith. — Mrs.  Thring. 


[Feb. 


Governor  of  the  Province  of  AIass»fhu- 
sett's  Bay.  In  the  obitUMiyoF  July  IBIS^ 
will  be  found  a  memoir  of  b^r  pliiliin> 
fhropic  limther  Sir  Thomns  Bentard, 
Bart.,  well  knovm  as  the  editor  of  the 
Report*  for  bettering  the  Condition  of 
the  Poor;  and  as  the  author  of  Spurrinna, 
or  the  Cotnfortfti  of  the  Aped.  And  the 
Obituary  Jiin.  1822,  eontnins  some  par- 
ticulars  of  the  life  and  publications  of  her 
Biiter,  Mrs.  Frances  Elizabeth  King, 
author  of  "  Female  Scripture  Chunicters." 
Mrs.  Smith  possc«>sed  h  congenial  spirit 
with  her  gifted  n-lationsand  exerted  her- 
self to  promote  religion  and  good  morals 
among' mankind  by  the  following  publi. 
cations:  — ''  Letters  from  a  Swedish 
Court;"  "The  Prison  of  Montauban ;"' 
■nd  what  is  perhaps  her  best  work,  "  The 
Old  School,"  in  two  volumes  ;  besides 
some  smaller  tracts,  ull  written  in  an 
ea»y  unoHicntuttou!)  style,  nnd  inrulcattiig 
sound  good  principli;s  of  action,  trum  the 
purest  and  best  motive — the  desire  of 
plcflsing  God. 

In  private,  her  benefinenee  was  active 
nnd  vufifiiis  not  limited  to  a!m5-giving, 
but  rombiiiing  adviir,  adinonitionn,  and 
words  of  comfort,  which  her  la^ly-liUe  and 
gentle  manners  and  her  superior  intellect 
enuhled  her  to  diKpeose  a<«  occai'iou  of. 
fered,  with  effert,  to  persons  of  all  claiisi^ 
iji  the  comrautiity,  especially  those  of 
her  own  sex.  For  many  months  before 
ker  decease,  Mrs.  Smith  felt  a  gradual 
decay,  and  acknowledged  ibe  appruacfa  of 
rieaili,  not  only  with  calmness  and  hope, 
but  alito  with  a  Christian  thankfulness 
to  a  merciful  Redeemer  and  Judge,  who 
thus  gave  timely  warning  to  set  her  house 
in  order,  miil  make  her  peace  with  (jod. 
Her  cxiimpic  will  live  in  tbe  memories*  of 
thoce  who  valued  and  loved  her  worth. 


Mfts.  Thainc. 
Dtc.  12.  At  CUftoii,  in  her  82d year, 
deservedly  respected  and  Umentcd.  EU- 
Eabtth^  widoH'  of  the  lute  John  Thring, 
of  Alford  Hou*e,  co.  Somerset,  esq.,  a 
Alagistnite  for  Wilts  and  Somerset,  and 
a  Deputy  Ijieuu-uant,  who  died  1630,  a?t. 
76.  (>ee  Gent.  Mng.  vol.  c  pt.  i.  p. 
189.)  She  was  tbe  utit  surviving  issue 
of  William  Everett  of  Hcytesbury,  co. 
Wills,  eno.  wliij  died  Sept.  1,  17IW.  ict. 
77,1  by  his  wife  Alicia,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Gale*  of  Cruwlhu^h,  or  Lruwl- 
buys,  in  the  mrish  of  LudgershaU,  artd 
Alice  hu  wile*  who  died  April  21,  177j^ 

•  Thomas  Gale,  father  of  Aliria 
Everett,  died  H  Nov.  IT:?."?,  tft.  s?«. 
Alice  Gale,  his  wife,  oh.  Dec.  1777.  »t. 
fil.  (M.  I.  and  Rifister  of  Ludgershall 
Cburrh.) 


a:t.  61.  Mrs,  Thring's  eldest  brother 
was  tlie  lute  Thomas  Everett  (buptizvd 
at  Ileytesbury,  Feb.  27.  1739)  of  Bcd- 
ford-square,  esq.  a  Banker  in  Londoo, 
Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Biddesdon,  near 
Andover,  Hanta,  (Grant  of  Arms  from 
Heralds'  College,  ITOsf)  and  M.P.  for 
Ludgershall  fof  which  borough  he  waa 
proprietor,)  in  1736,  1801,  180-2,  and 
i8t>6,  who  died  1810.  (See  Obituary, 
Gents.  Mag.  IHlO,  jit.i.p.  188.^  Father 
of  the  preseut  Joseph  Hague  Everett,  of 
Biddesdon,  esq.  M.P.  for  Ludgershall 
in  181:^,  and  of  other  issue. 

Her  'id  hrother  vrn-n  the  late  William 
Everett,  of  Homingsham,  Wilts,  esq. 
(there  biipliKed  Jan. ,%  1741  ;  obiit  1806,) 
who  married  nt  St.  OInve's,  Old  Jewry, 
Dec.  27,  I7(i!k  Jane  Wickham,  and  bad, 
among  other  issuc,+  William  Everett  and 
Alicia  Everett,  (eldest  daughter):  WiU 
liuui  was  Fellow  of  New  College,  Oxford* 
B.D,  1810,  Vii-ar  of  Romford,  Essex, 
murried  Marianne,  natural  daughter  of 
the  late  Charlc;  Dutidas  of  Barton 
Court,  Berks,  e^q,  many  years  M.P.  for 
that  County,  and  died  in  1827  (see  Gent. 
Mag.  vol.  xcvii.  pt.  ii.  p.  474').  The 
eldest  diitighter,  Alicia  Everett  (baptised 
at  Homingham,  Sept.  2,j,  l?!)^),  married 
therein  1792.  the  late  Rev,  William  Ire- 
hiiul,  20  years  Vicar  of  Frome,  Somerset, 
(instituted  April  'did,  l79.'Ji,  and  a  Magis- 
trate for  that  county),  Mr.  Ireland  died 
1813,  (see  Gent.  Mag.  vol  LXXXlti.  pt.  i. 
p.  .397 ;  and  for  a  high  character  of  him, 
vol.  CI.  pt.  ii,  p.  520),  His  widow  sur- 
nves  and  rci^ides  at  Rome,  having  had 
by  him,  among  other  issue,  the  Rev. 
John  Ireland,  M.A.of  Rockficld  House, 
Nvinuey,  Somerset,  Vicar  of  Queen's 
Chiirlton,  in  the  same  county,  unra. ;  and 
tM  o  daughters,  for  the  fair  band  of  one 
of  whom,  the  beautiful  I'^ranceis  Ireland, 
the  late  Mr  C,  Dundas,  M.P.  for 
Berk*,  the  Burou  Ainlircbbury  of  only 
six  inoiiihi.,  wtu  hmg  an  ardent  though 
uniucce<.!.tul  suitor ;  she  bestowed  it 
in  1820  on  the  Rev.  Hyde  Cassan, 
now  Vicar  of  Bniton,  Somerset  The 
other  marries]  duught»'r,  Lucy  Ireland,  is 
wife  ©f  the  Ri-v,  Wilti«rn  Gretton,  Vicar 
of  Withington,  co.  Hereford,  a  son  of  tbe 
lute  Dr.  Gretton,  Ileaii  of  Hereford. 

t  An  jiccount  of  Thomas  Everett, 
vt.t[.  one  of  that  issue,  will  be  found  in 
Gent.  Map.  1830,  pt.  ii.  p.  87,  where  the 
beading  of  the  article  is  misprinted  Wil- 
liam instead  of  Thumas.  lo  (hut  article 
John  Gale  Everett  should  be  placed  aa 
the  'M  son  instead  of  2d,  and  William 
Everett  -s  2d  instead  nf  3d;  at  p.  8^ 
C€\\,  a.  I.  89,  for  2d,  read  20  yearm,  Riid 

col.  b.  line  8,  before Turner,  esq 

insert  W ilium. 


I 


I 

I 


d 


Obituary.— JawM  Heath,  Esq. 


213 


P 


Mrs.  Tb ring's  ihird  brother  WM  the 
lute  John  Gtde  Everett  of  Heytesbury, 
esq.  (there  bfiptised  SUy  24,  1743)  sep. 
ibid.  Aug.  20,  18-25,  at.  82;  will  dated 
Feb.  25.  lli*20;  proved  Sept.  20,  1825: 
■worn  under  100,000/,  This  gentleman 
was  mu'ried,  hut  died  ><.  p.  1.  Icuviug  a 
lutnral  $ot).  Joffeph  Butt :  who  was 
authorized  to  take  the  surname  and  armii 
of  Everett,  ivith  proper  distinctions,  by 
royal  licence,  15  Feb.  1811,  and  is  the 
present  Joiiepb  Everett,  esq <  F.S,A.  of 
Heytesbury,  and  a  banker  at  War- 
minster. 

Her  fourth  brother  was  the  late  Joseph 
Everett,  esq,  father  of  the  present  Rev. 
G.  F.  Everett,  M.A.  of  Dalliol  college, 
Oxford,  1818y  and  of  Edward  Everett, 
caq.  Barrister. at-law,  M.  A.  Baliut  18:24. 
ana  of  other  i»Aue. 

Mni.  Thring  has  left  issue  by  her  late 
husband  John  Thring.  esq.  (whose  will 
WHS  provi-d  April  Jj,  ]K^,  swtirii  under 
70,0iXM.)  a  daughter  Alicia,  unmarried  ; 
and  a  aon,  the  Rev.  John  Gale  Thring, 
B.C.L.  of  St.  John's  college,  Cunibridge, 
of  Alford  House.aiid  KeeloratuI  patron  of 
Aiford,  xvbo  married  Sturali,  dnti^^hterof  tbii 
late  Rev.  Johu  Jenkpis,  B.C.L.,  Vicar 
of  Evercreech,  Somerset,  und  sister  to 
the  Rev.  Richard  Jenkins  I*.D.  Master 
of  Baliot  college,  Oatford,  Vicar  of  Din- 
der,  Somerset ;  and  to  Jatie,  uife  of 
Thomas  Gaisford,  D.D.  Dean  of  Christ 
church,  Oxford. 

The  late  John  Thring,  esq.  was  for 
many  years  an  eminent  attorney  at  Wur- 
inintttei,  and  partner  with  her  bruther 
John  Gale  Evert'tL,  iii  the  Wartninstcr 
Bitnk.  He  hud  a  grant  of  arms  at  the 
College  of  Heralds.  May  30,  1798. 


Ja^k»  Heath,  Esq. 

Xov.  15.  In  (Jofam-street,  aged  78, 
Jaincii  Heath,  esq.  senior  Associate  Ei}- 
graver  of  the  Royal  Academy. 

.Mr.  Heath  was  for  more  than  half 
a  century  orte  of  the  most  etiiinent  en- 
gravers in  Europe.  He  had  Urn,^,  how> 
ever,  retired  from  the  profession,  M'hieli 
be  resigned  to  hiM  «oti,  Mr.  Chartes 
XIratb,  whose  almost  niiinherlc^s  illu&> 
trated  works,  and  olher  cx(|'.iisite  produc- 
tions of  the  gruphic  art,  do  60  much  ho- 
nour to  the  cuuttfry. 

Mr.  Heath  wno  the  early  associate 
and  friend  of  Stothacd.  the  artist ;  they 
may  be  said  to  have  cummenced  their 
career  of  popularity  and  distinction  at 
ibe  Mme  time  Tie  old  "  Novel- 
ist's Magaziue,"  puhlisbed  by  Uarriaon. 
which  extends  to  tweti(y-t\%o  octavo 
volumes,  in  adorned  by  the  delicately 
finished  engraving*  ol  James  Heath, 
from    the    exquisite    and    imperishable 


dnwitiga  of  Thonaoa  Stothard.  Thia 
work  remains  at  the  present  moment 
a  monument  of  the  supremacy  of  the 
genius  und  skill  of  Heath  and  Stothard. 
Heath's  fame  us  un  engraver  extended  all 
over  the  Continent,  end  was  by  no  one 
more  highly  appreciated  than  by  that  dis- 
tinguished artist,  Raplmcl  Morghen  at 
Florence.  During  muiiy  years  lie  eon- 
lined  himself  to  book  ilkistratton!i ;  but 
it  was  impo»<>ible  that  an  artiiit  of  such 
high  capabilities  should  tail  to  strike  out 
n  more  enlurRed  sphere  for  the  display  and 
exercise  of  hii  art,  and  with  equal  success. 
The  "  Death  of  Major  Pearson,"  from 
a  painting  by  West,  and,  a«  a  com-> 
patiion  10  it,  the  "  Death  of  Lord  Nel- 
son," from  a  painting  by  the  isamc  artist; 
the  **  Dead  Soldier,"  from  a  picture  by 
Wright  of  Dorby;  a  whole  length  of 
General  Washington,  engraved  froia 
American  Stuart's  well-known  portrait 
in  the  posse5.<<ion  of  the  J^Iarquis  of 
Lansdowne ;  and  the  portrait  of  Pitt, 
from  the  flCaiue  at  Cambridge  University, 
arc  a.  few  of  the  many  lasting  specimens 
of  Heath's  graphic  excellence. 

In  privHte  life  Heath  wax  esteemed 
and  loved  by  the  lar]ge  ciide  in  which 
be  vma  known.  He  was  a  delightful 
companion,  abounding  with  entertain- 
ing anecdotes  and  stories  relating  to  the 
eminent  persons  witb  whom  he  had 
associated.  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  Sir 
Thomas  Lawrence,  West.  Stothard,  F, 
Rej-nold^s  Morton,  John  Kemble,  Mile* 
Pettr  Andrews,  Wroughton  the  actor, 
and  to  the  end  of  his  life  Jack  Banni»> 
tcr  (who,  we  rejoice  to  say,  survives  him 
in  cicellent  health),  were  bis  attached 
friends.  Although  hi»  engravings  were 
highly  prized  in  n)(l  the  principal  cities  of 
Europe,  we  que»<tion  if  his  visit  to  the 
Continent  extended  In-yorid  Calais,  on 
an  occasion  when  Jack  Bannister  was 
bis  companion,  and  who  often  tells  • 
humorgui,  story  of  an  occurrence  that 
happened  to  tlicm  at  DeBsciii's  Hotfl. 

yir.  Heath  was  a  vridower  when  he 
died.  He  has  left  behind  Iticn  three  chil- 
dren: George,  Serjcatitat-law;  Charles, 
the  eminent  engraver;  and  iirs,  Hamil- 
tun,  who  is  understood  to  be  airno-st 
eqiiol  to  her  brother  as  a  professor  of  the 
gntphic  art.  Godefroy  of  Paris,  who 
cnBTOvcd  the  celebrated  Buttle  of  Aus- 
tcrlitz,  from  the  splendid  puinting  by 
Gerard,  was  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Heath. 


Mr.  EoMON6TOK£. 

Sfpt,  2L  At  Kelso,  in  bis  40th  year, 
Mr  R.  Edmonstone,  a  painter  of  con- 
Mdcrable  talent. 

Mr.  Edtnonstonr  wa»  born  in  Kelso; 
hi«  parents    were   highly  reypcctable  in 


I 
I 


le  tn         i 


214 


Obituary. — Mr.  Edmonstone. — M.  Boieldieu. 


[Feb. 


P 


their  line  of  life,  and  ihough  be  was 
apprenticed  to  a  watchmaker,  bis  attacb- 
ment  to  painting  was  «o  stroiifr  tbat  he 
Booti  devoted,  under  mnrvy  difficultii'S, 
his  whole  time  and  atteJition  to  the  study 
and  practice  of  the  art.  He  brought 
out  his  ilrst  productions  in  Edinburgh, 
where  they  attrartod  considerabfe  atten- 
tiorv,  and  procured  him  the  patronage  of 
Burui)  liume  and  other  gentlemen  of 
ta*te,  w  hose  friendship  he  afterw  itrds  en- 
joyed. His  Riicce.<(S  soon  induced  hitn  to 
settle  in  I^ondon,  where  be  speedily 
attained  an  honourahle  distinction. 

At  this  period,  about  the  year  1619, 
be  was,  after  some  practice  under  Har- 
lowc,  a  dilif^ent  bturlent  at  the  Royal 
Academy,  and  he  ebortly  after  deter- 
mined to  visit  the  Continent.  He  re- 
mained abroad  for  s^omc  years,  residing 
at  Rome,  Naples,  norcnec,  and  Venice, 
At  all  of  which  jibiccs  be  pursued  his 
studies  with  so  much  assiduity  as  maie- 
riully  to  injure  bis  heulth.  Among  his 
piodurtions  painted  at  Rome,  i*  the  pic- 
lure  of  the  '•  Ceremony  of  Kissing  the 
(. Plains  of  St.  I'eter,"  which  was  exhi- 
hi  ted  and  sold  at  the  British  trallery  in 
1B33. 

At  Rome^  Mr.  Edmonstone  expe- 
rienced a  levcre  attack  of  fever,  from 
the  cfTeets  of  which  his  consitution 
never  recovered,  and  which  obliged  him 
to  reUnqiiish  painting  for  a  cottsiJenible 
time.  On  bin  return  to  London,  buvv. 
ever,  at  tbe  close  of  IBiif^  be  asain  zea- 
lously commenced  his  profeaaionu  labours 
and  every  successive  picture  be  produced 
WBK  an  evidence  of  his  increa.sing  bkill, 
and  more  fully  developed  tbe  peculiar 
quiet  beauty  of  his  mind.  A  bright  ca- 
reer ot  fame,  and  conneqwent  emolument, 
seemed  to  be  the  undoubted  reward  of 
bis  perseverance  and  industry;  but  Ms 
health,  injured  by  unretiiitting  applica- 
tion, pave  way,  and,  in  the  vain  ho|*e  of 
deriving  beiie&t  from  bi>i  native  air,  he 
left  London  for  Kelso,  where  he  died. 

Of  Mr.  Edmonstone'a  cl^aractcr  as  a 
man,  the  hi(;h  respect  and  esteem  with 
which  he  was  regarded  by  all  who  knew 
him,  is  a  sufficient  testimony;  although 
it  was  only  hi*  mo«t  iiilioiafe  friends— 
they  who  had  pierced  the  sensitive  and 
somewhat  jironn  reserve,  which  it  was  bis 
aaturc  to  wear  couardiii  the  world — who 
could  truly  estimate  his  innate  worth, 
liis  elevated  caxC  of  mind,  and  amiable 
dixposition.  As  a  painter,  Mr.  Kdmon* 
atone  practiM'd  both  in  portrait.^  and  in 
work«  of  imapnalion  ;  but  it  wat  chiefly 
in  the  latter  h  excelled,  and  to  which 
inclirmliuM  turned  ^u  forcibly  aa  to 
uce  him  nlinojit  totally  to  TcHtfti  the 

her  more  lucrative  branch  of  his  pro- 


fcssioit.  His  works  are  remarkable  for 
the  elevated  sentiment  which  he  infused 
into  the  most  simple  action  or  attitude 
— for  a  fine  tone  of  colouring — and 
for  that  love  of  irunqiiil  beauty  which  no 
doubt  originated  in  the  bias  of  his  own 
mind  and  feelings.  Tbe  painter  who  wa.% 
moiit  admired  by  hiio,  and  to  whom  he 
may  pcrbajts  be  in  many  points  com- 
pared, was  Correggio.  He  was  extretnely 
fond  of  children,  and  of  introducing-] 
them  in  his  picture* — so  inucb  so,  tbat, 
with  one  or  two  exceptions,  be  may  be 
saiil  never  ti>  have  )jainted  a  picture  in 
which  a  child  did  not  form  u  prominetiC, 
object.  Their  infantile  attitudes,  traitSai 
anil  expressions,  were  Lis  continual  study 
iind  delipht ;  and  few  nrusts,  however 
celebrated,  can  be  said  to  have  been  more 
true  or  happy  in  rendering  their  artless 
graces  upon  canvas. 

The  last  two  pictures  wliirh  Mr.  Ed- 
monstone's  health  allowed  bim  to  finish 
were  that  called  "  Tbe  White  Mou.*e,*' 
exhibited  Inst  year  at  the  Suffolk  Street! 
(Jallery.  and  the  portraits  of  •<  Three  of 
the  Children  of  the  Hon.  Sir  E.  Cust," 
exhibited  at  Somer»et  House.  At  the 
time  when  ilhtcxn  obliged  bim  to  sus- 
pend his  labours,  be  was  employed  upon, 
iind  had  nearly  conipleted,  two  pictures, 
which  prtnnisefl  to  be  his  chcf-dcru-utet ; 
the  subjects  are  both  Italian — one  he 
was  painting  for  Lord  Morpeth,  tbe 
other  for  Mr.  \'emou. 


Adkikn  BoiELDlEir. 

Od,  3.  At  Jarey,  near  Paris,  aged  58, 
AL  Adrien  Francois  Boieldieu,  an  emi- 
nent musical  composer. 

Boieldieu  was  born  at  Rouen  on  the 
16th  Dec.  J  775.  While  (.till  young,  he 
showed  talents  not  often  met  with  in 
the  profession  in  which  he  bad  taken  so 
dtstiittruishcd  a  place.  At  the  age  of^J 
nine  years  he  improvitti  upon  the  orgailV 
in  a  most  remarkable  manner.  When  JB,  ' 
tie  wrote  an  o|tcra  in  one  act,  which  was 
biuught  out  at  the  theatre  of  Rouen,  and 
altmctedall  Normandy  to  sec  it.  He  came 
to  Paris  id  1795,  and  prwhiccd  some  line 
romances,  some  of  which  bad  prodigious 
iiuccess,  esfiecialiy  the  two  operas  "  S'il  est 
vrai  fjuc  d'etre  deux,"  and  Le  ilenrstnl. 
In  1797  he  produced  La  Famille  Suix?c, 
at  tbe  0|)crM  ('oiiii<|ue.  To  this  suc- 
ceeded rapidly  Zorulme  et  Zulmar,  Lcs 
Meprises  iCspagnoles.  Muntreuil  et  Mer- 
ville,and  La  Dot  de  Suzette.  In  I  UN}  he 
produt'ed  three  operuji,  which  continue 
sto<-k  pieces,  viz. :  Bcjiii>s\ski,  !.«  Otlife 
de  Bagdad,  and  Ma  Tanle  Aurore.  I3y 
u  law  of  the  NutioiiMl  Ouiivcntion,  the 
< 'ouMTvatoirc  de  Miisiqiic  ^vas  csla- 
bliabed,  the  number  of  pupils  wm  fixed 


1835.] 


Obituary. ^ — AT.  Boieldieu. — M.  Choron. 


215 


■t  GOO,  and  tbe  profossoi^  at  I  i.3.  Boiel- 
dieu was  Hiipuiritfd  one  of  tbi>  iirofetisors. 
Zimmcmixn  and  the  two  Chameuurtuiti 
were  his  pupils. 

Boieldieu  married  a  dunspuse  of  the 
Opera  tiHim-d  Clorilde,  aud  the  Mnioii 
proving  unhappy,  he  utfeptfd  in  18fWaii 
offer  ot  the  £mpL<ror  Alexiinder  tu  muki* 
bim  director  of  ike  choir  io  the  Itnperial 
CtMpel  at  St.  PeieishuFj;.  It  was  there 
lii&t  Boieldieu  compoj^ed  for  the  Herinit- 
a^e  Theatre,  Aline  Reine  de  Golcondi", 
Abdcrkhttji,  Les  Voitures  Versees,  Lm. 
Jeuric  Feinuie  ColiTO,  tbe  choruses  for 
Atbalie,  and  Teleniaque,  in  three  art*), 
which  is  only  kiiavvii  to  aiiiatt-urs,  aitd 
which  was  considtTt-d  hi*  chief  tTtruvrc, 
before  the  produclion  of  La  Dauie 
Bhuiche.  In  Ibll,  Boieldieu  retiinied 
to  Paris.  He  thwi  representod  suc- 
resiivsly  Les  Deux  Paraveiis.  Reiiie 
de  Tropt  Jean  de  Paris,  Le  Nouvenu 
Seigneur,  La  F^te  du  Village  voisin,  I^e 
Petit  Chaperon  Umijje,  Im  Djiniu  Blurielie, 
and  Le»  Deux  Nmts,  his  last  work,  hi 
prii'ate  he  aliio  [produced  Buyurd  k  Me- 
licrs,  Ciiarle*  de  France,  wud  Angela,  tit 
1813  ;  Blanche  de  Provence,  in  lb2\,  for 
the  tuptism  of  the  Due  de  Boiinleunx; 
Vendume  en  Eupapue,  in  18^3;  and 
Pbaramond,  for  the  Coronation  of  ('hurles 
X.  He  alf^o  composed  a  purt  of  the 
Marquis  de  BrinviUiers. 

Boieldieu  returned  to  Paris  in  1&3I, 
and  political  events  obliged  hiiu  to  reinuin 
tIll^^L^  He  made  several  attempts  to  get 
his  wife  divorced,  but  could  not  succeed. 
He  hod  lately  returned  fronn  a  water- 
ing-place in  the  Pyrenees,  and  was 
jqiparently  cnnvaleacent,  when  he  was 
Idenly  taken  ill,  and  carried  off  after  a 
•hort  flickiiesii.  He  vvjih  honoured  with 
a  public  funerul.  The  procession  waa 
opened  by  the  band  of  one  of  the  Le- 
gio)i<i  of  the  National  Guards,  and  tbe 
way  was  lined  by  detachments  of  Na- 
tional  Guards  and  Truops.  Two  swords 
croeaed,  the  insignia  of  tlie  Legion  of 
Honour,  and  the  epaulettes  of  the  de- 
ceased  us  a  Cb&sseur  of  the  National 
Guard,  were  placed  upon  thccodiri.  The 
pall  was  borne  by  a  member  of  each  of 
tbe  ccctions  of  the  Int^titute.  After  the 
family,  came  12  members  of  the  Insti- 
tute, rcprescnt.ttives  of  the  Opera  Co- 
mique,  the  Constrvatoine  de  Alusiqiie, 
and  tlic  Grand  Opfra,  numerous  coin- 
poserif,  and,  finally,  the  friends  of  the 
deceased.  Among  the  comjiosers  were 
Lcsuer.  Cherubini,  Auher,  Paer,  Mayer- 
beer,  Rossini,  Caiailk,  Adam,  Uulevy, 
PaiuwroH,  Despreaux,  and  fiide.  The 
aasecnbled  nerformers  comprised  Nourrii, 
Labbche,  Martin,  Ponchard,  Leinonnier, 
Lensfieur,  Paul^  Genot,  Samson,  Firmin, 


ITenjaud,  and  Vernet.  There  were  also 
Alessrs.  Pradier  and  the  two  Diintons, 
scnl|>tars,  and  muny  journalists  and  meti 
of  letters.  The  church  of  the  Inralides 
WHS  iilkd  hy  persons  who  obtiun<ed 
tirkets;  and  on  the  entry  of  tbe  proces- 
sion the  sinfjers  of  the  Grand  Opera  and 
tlie  Ojieni  ('oniitjue  clianted  Cberubini'a 
admirable  flIa<sfoT  the  L>ead.  The  vocal 
choir  was  directed  by  M.  Kuhn.  tbe  or- 
chestra by  M.  Hulwncck,  and  the  first 
violin  wba  in  the  ma^iterly  bands  of  M. 
Basllot.  Singers  of  all  uges  joined  in 
the  solemnity.  The  last  piece  was  a 
motet,  without  HJiy  accompaniment,  ar- 
ninKcd  from  the  air  of  tbe  Chevaliers  de 
la  Fidi-lice,  as  a  Qnui  homage  10  the  peiitu» 
of  Boieldieu.  At.  2  o'clock  tbe  service 
liiiisbed,  and  the  procession  left  the  in- 
v.-ilides,  pursuing  its  sIom'  and  solenm 
uvurcb  to  the  cenretery  of  Pere  la  Chaise. 

At  the  sitting  of  the  17th  of  Octuber 
tbe  Munti-ipal  Council  of  Iloueii  decided 
that  a  deputation  of  three  of  its  members 
should  proceed  to  Paris,  to  bring  back 
the  heart  of  Boieldieu,  w  hirh  his  widow 
bad  given  to  the  city  of  Rouen.  On  the 
Hlh  Nov.  it  was  received  with  a  grand  fu- 
neral service,  the  Cathedral  being  magniti- 
cently  decorated  for  the  oci'asion.  Cbe- 
rubini's  Mass  of  the  Dead  was  performed 
by  a  full  orchestra.  The  choruses  were 
chaunted  by  tbe  actors  and  actresses  of 
tbe  principal  thenlre.s.  After  the  maaa, 
tlie  heart  of  Boittldieu  was  carried  with  ^ 
all  ccretnony  to  the  chapel  of  the  ceme-  fl 
tcry,  where  a  column  will  be  erected  at  the  V 
public  expense.  Tlie  council  have  voied 
for  this  purpose  the  sum  of  Pi,00(t  francs. 
On  the  occasion  of  the  death  of  Boiel- 
dieu the  theatre  at  Bruxelles  represented 
the  lirst  act  of  Im  JJamt  Jilanchc^ 
the  Xouiicau  Sii^citr  de  Village,  and 
tbe  first  act  oi  Bcnwirtki,  all  well  known 
operas  of  tbe  deceased.  At  the  end  of 
the  piny  there  was  a  grand  fitneml  cere- 
inotiy. 

The    Minister    of   tbe    Interior    has 
granted  to  M.  Adrien  Boieldieu,  the  son 
of    tbe    compo-ser,    a   pension    of    1,200 
francs,   chargeable  to  tbe  department  o: 
the  Fine  Arts. 


I 


M.  Choaok. 

Lately.  At  Paris,  M.  Choron.  Pro- 
fessor of  the  RojTil  Coiiserv'atoJre,  and 
author  of  a  celebrated  work  on  Harmony, 

Alexander  Etienne  (Choron  was  bom 
in  1772,  at  Caen,  in  Normandy.  His 
father  had  a  small  place  under  govern- 
inent,  and  Choron  did  not  eommciice  the 
study  of  music  nil  about  the  age  of  15, 
when  he  left  school.  He  then,  without 
any  assistance,  and  thnarted  in  his  wishes 
by  his  friends,   began  to  teach   kiniseU',, 


^  m 

1 


216 


Obitdarv.— 'JVf.  Choroit. — Clergj/  Deceased. 


: 


even  without  book»,  to  note  down  all  the 
airs  thHt  he  had  retained  in  his  niPtnory 
or  could  imagine,  and   at  ienj^tb  acquired 
much  facility  in  this  practice.     He  then 
got  poss^csston  of  the   musical    \vorks   of 
D'Aleml/ert,  Roussier,  and  Rosmsiu,  and 
Other  writers  of  the   school  of  Bameau, 
which  served  him  as  a  guide  in  the  study 
of  composition,  and  enubled  him.  to  com- 
pose ptis.'^hly  well  both  in  score  and  ac- 
companimeiitB.       Gretry,    to   whom    he 
ghovi'cd  some  of  his  first  re|;ular  attempts 
ac  composition,  persuaded   him  to  foltavv 
up  his  BtudieK,  and  recommended  to  him 
the  uhhl'  Rof!e,  from  whom  he  took  les- 
6on«.     He  alterwurcis  became  a  pupil  of 
Eonesi,  a  celvbrated  Italian  master,  then 
in  Fnuice  ;  and  read  with  much   care  the 
bctt    didactic    German    works,    learning 
that   language  for   the  express  puqujse. 
Whilst  engnged  in  the  study  of  the  works 
of  D'Alenibcrt,  the  dewireof  understand- 
ing certain   calculations  which  he  there 
met  with,  induced  him  to  ujidertake  the 
study  of  mat  he  ma  ties,  which  he  ]iurt>ticd 
with  50  mueh  ardour,  that  the  celchnited 
Alutige   reeeivfd    him  as  a   pupit,    and 
appointed  him   under-mafiter  of  de»eri|»- 
tive  geometry  at  the  Normtd  t>chool,  iu 
1795^  and  sxihscquently  named  him   rfirf 
de  Itt^gude  at  the   I'olytechuie  school,  at 
the  time  of  its  formation.     Choron  al»o 
found  tiine  to  join  to  these  studies  mcta- 
phycict,  general   literatnrc,  and  the  an- 
cient languages,   even    to    Hebrew,    the 
class  of  which  language  he    often    con- 
ducted  Ht  the  college  of   France  in  the 
•bscnce  of  tlie  profe»f)or.     But  it  it,  time 
we  shouW  Hpettk  of  the  musical  works  of 
this  celebrated  person,     His  fir>t  didactic 
work    is  entitled    "  Principes  d'Accou.- 
p«pieu)ent  dei»  Ecoles  d'Icalie,  en  boci- 
et*  atrec  le   Sieut  Fioccbi,"  Pains,  1804. 
ilia  second  and  greatest  work  in  enlitJed 
*'  Prindpeti  de   Coin])o«ittan  des  Ecoles 
d'  Italic  adopte«  par  le    Gouvcmement 
FrancaJs,"  3  vol.  fol.   Paris.     It  appears 
that  he  executed  a  double  purpose  in  this 
treatise.     Nicola  Sain,  chapel-mnvter  and 
profeaaorat  Naples,  had  devoted  a  long  life 
to  the  collection  of  the  finest  models  in  the 
various  style*;  and  in   17M  they   were 
printed  in  a  niOMt  superb  style,  at  the  ex. 
pensc  of  the  King  of  Naples.     In   the 
coun^C    of   the  raragen   of    that   city   in 
1799i  the  plates  of  Sala's  «ork»  were 
taken  from  the  royal  printing-offire  and 
dispersed   or  destroyed;    and   thus    the 
general  circulation  was  precluded.   &Ion«. 
Cboron  therefore  thought  it  more  eon. 
ducive  to  the  perfection  of  his  own  plan, 
to  interweave  the  examples  collected  by 
Sala,  at  the  same  time  distinctly  sepa- 
rating the  parts,  and  using  tbem  merely 
as  aukiliar)-   exataples   to  the  plan  laid 
13 


dcivvii  fur  bis  ovrn  profound  illustration  of 
the  prinriples  of  roniposition. 

{'boron  has  alsio  composed  some  dra- 
matic  music  and  romances;  the  princi- 
pal materials  of  the  "  Dictionary  of  Mu. 
tiiiani"  edited  by  FayolJe  in  1810,  Paris, 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Though  more  generally  known  by  his 
b<K)k  ori  Harmony,  M.  Cboron  was  in 
his  own  country  more  highly  appreciated 
a«  the  zealous  friend  of  rlHssical  music; 
to  the  advancement  of  which  the  whole 
energies  of  his  being  seemed  devoted. 
He  was  at  the  head  of  a  choral  school, 
whose  daily  practice  consisted  of  the 
chrf  d'attrres  of  (he  best  ronsrers  of  Italy 
nnd  Germuiiy ;  and  it  was  his  unwearied 
endeavour  to  bring  to  a  hearing  the  finest 
parts  of  the  stores  of  ancient  music,  and 
to  contribute  to  the  foundation  of  pro- 
vincial societies  for  the  cuUtvtition  of 
claAsical  music.  The  prejudices  of  the 
French  ngiiiost  a  HarKtcL,  who  had  com- 
posed hi««  finest  works  to  our  own  most 
ii)hannoniou<i  liingimgc,  were  only  to  be 
conquered  by  making  those  works  audi- 
ble in  a  version  more  suited  to  their  lasle. 
Thus  the  text  of  Judas  Maccabeiis  and 
the  Messiah  was  turned  into  ItJilian,  and, 
by  the  aid  of  cnn-ful  performanceft,  the 
music  worked  its  tvuy,  and  the  Purisians, 
thanks  to  the  ability  and  enthusiasm  of 
Al,  Choron,  becjime  converts  to  Handel. 
It  is  said  that  hiii  death  was  accelemted 
by  anxiety  of  mind^  occafiioned  by  delay 
on  the  part  of  the  present  (rovcnimcnt 
id  making  good  the  sums  which  he  bad 
expended  on  the  institution^  orer  whicii 
he  j)resided.  since  the  *' three  glorious 
dnys."  It  was  in  his  school  tliat  Alisa 
t'tnra  Novcllo  received  much  of  her  mu- 
sical education. 


Clebcy  Deceased. 

j4ttg.  3.  At  Cainbatoor,  the  R«t.  G  If. 
WbodTtard,  oi  the  Jalfna  mission,  Ceylon. 

Xov.  10.  The  Very  Rev.  Alexander 
Shand,  Dean  of  Aberdeen,  and  Alinister 
of  Arradone. 

\in;  II.  The  Kev.  .-f.  Crnick$h,tni, 
Episcopalian  Alitiister  of  Muthill. 

•Vof.  1,3.  The  Ri'V.  U.  (iarden.  Epis- 
copalian Minister  of  Stonehaven. 

Xov.  22.  At  Bath,  aged  74>  the  Hon. 
and  Rev.  Jamrt  St.  Leger,  Rector  of  Cas- 
tletown Roche,  CO.  Cork ;  uncle  to  Vis- 
count Doneraile.  He  was  the  third  son 
of  St.  Leger  the  first  Viscount  I*o- 
neraile,  by  Slary  eldest  daughter  of  Red- 
mond Barry,  esq.  He  married,  Mareh  8, 
18(J9,  Catharine,  youngest  daughter  of 
Thomas  Williams,  esq.  of  Epsom,  and  by 
that  lady,  who  died  March  \%  1821,  bad 
insue  three  sons  and  two  daughters:    1. 


J 


1835]. 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


tl7 


Caroline ;    2.  James  ;    3.  William  ;    4>. 
Charles  Arthur;  and  5.  Catharine. 

Dee.  1.  At  West  Stower,  Dorset,  aged 
58,  the  Rev.  Walter  Whitaker,  Curate  of 
that  parish  and  East  Stower.  He  was  of 
Oriel  colL  Oxf.  M.A.  1799. 

Dee.  3.  At  Bishop's  Castle,  Shrop- 
shire, aged  81,  the  Rev.  Iiaac  Frowd,  57 
years  Vicar  of  that  parish,  and  Rei'tor  of 
Sfarawardine,  in  the  patronage  of  Earl 
Powis.  He  was  the  last  surviving  son 
of  Edward  Frowd,  esq.  of  Brixton  De- 
Terill,  Wilts,  and  the  nearest  relation  to 
the  founder  of  the  Frowd  Charity  at  Sa- 
lisbury. He  was  of  Exeter  coll.  Oxf. 
M.A.  1779. 

J)ec.  3.  At  Owsdcn-hall,  Suffolk, 
aged  81,  the  Rev.  James  T/ionuu  Hand, 
for  fifty>six  years  Rector  of  Clieveley, 
Camb.  and  tor  26  Rector  of  Owsdeii. 
both  in  his  own  patronage.  He  was  of 
Eman.  coll.  Camb.  B.  A.  1775,  M  A. 1778. 

Dee.  6.  At  Great  Torrington,  Devon, 
i^ed  TO,  the  Rev.  DcHys  Yonge,  for  fifty 
years  Rector  of  West  Putford,  in  that 
rounty,  in  the  patronage  of  Lord  Clinton, 
and  Vicar  of  Moorwinstow,  Cornwall. 
He  was  of  Sidney- Sussex  coll.  Camb. 
M.A.  1807;  and  was  collated  to  Moor- 
winstow in  the  same  year  by  the  Bi- 
shop of  Exeter. 

Dec.  9.  At  Wormshill,  Kent,  aged 
91,  the  Rev.  Jotiali  JJisturneU,  Rector  of 
that  parish.  He  was  educated  at  Christ's 
Hospital ;  and  being  the  senior  Grecian 
in  1761,  delivered  the  address  of  the 
scholars  to  George  III.  and  Queen  Char- 
lotte, in  St.  Paul's  churchyard,  on  their 
coming  to  dine  in  the  City  on  Lord 
Mayor's  day.  In  1763  he  was  sent  from 
the  school  to  Pembroke  college,  Cam- 
bridge, where  he  graduated  B  A.  1767, 
M.A.  1770,  and  he  was  presented  to 
the  rectory  of  Wormshill  by  the  Go- 
vernors of  Chrisf.s  Hospital  in  1815. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON    AND   ITS  VICINITY. 

Sept.  17.  In  Great  Portland -st.  tud- 
denh,,  Capt.  William  Cook,  R.N.  He 
was  made  a  Commander  1801,  and  Post 
Captain  1806. 

Sept.  24.  In  London,  Lieut.  Keily, 
h.  p.  60th  foot. 

A'ov.  5.  At  Chelsea,  Dr.  Watson, 
Assistant- Surgeon  in  the  army. 

Xov.  9.  In  London,  Lieut.  Jas.  Wm. 
Henry  Hastings,  Ist  Royals. 

\ov.  20.  Aged  31,  Geo.-Adol.  Owen, 
solicitor,  late  of  Buntingford.  third  son  of 
the  Rev.  H.  B.  Owen,  D.D.,  rector  of 
St.  Olave's,  Hart-st. 

.Vot.  25.  At  Kennington,  Elizabeth- 
Gr.NT.  Mag.  Vol.  Ill, 


Ann,  widow  of  Wm.  Pollock  Cowcher, 
esq.  of  his  Majesty's  Customs  in  Granada. 
Lately.   Mr.  Joseph  Barber,  of  Grove- 
lane,  Camberwell. 

Dec.  1.  At  Leathersellers'-hall,  St. 
Helen's -place,  Miss  Mary  Vines,  of 
Seagry,  near  Chippenham,  Wilts. 

Dec.  9.  At  Camberwell,  aged  82,  Jai. 
Wright,  esq.  Father  of  the  Company  of 
Vintners. 

Dec.  10.  At  Denmark-hill,'  in  his 
80th  year,  John  Joyner,  esq. 

Dec.  la  Miss  Elizabeth  Burt,  of 
Gough-house,  Chelsea. 

Dec.  14.    In  his  6th  year,  Charles,  eld. 
son  of  C.  R.  Cockerell.  esq.  of  Eaton -sq. 
Dec.  15.     Aged  27,  Euphemia,  wife 
ol  J.  B.  Ryder,  esq.,  of  Sloane-street. 

At  Kennington,  aged  82,  John  Gil- 
man,  esq.  solicitor. 

In  the  Edgevvare.road,  aged  39,  Har- 
riet-Hillyard,  wife  of  John  Caaenove, 
esq.  dau.  of  Ja.  Gibson,  esq.  of  Epsom. 

Dee.  16.     Aged  21,  Anna,  eldest  daa. 

of  Tho.  Puckle,  esq.  of  Clapham-com. 

At  Walworth,  Mr.  G.  Brewis,  printer. 

Dec.  17.     At  Copt-hall,  Hendon,  Ca- 

therine- Clarke,  widow  of  Tho.  NicoU, 

esq.  formerly  Lieut -Colonel  70th  reg. 

At  Brompton,  aged  84,  Mrs.  Sallv 
Gaitskell,  eldest  dau.  of  John  Gaitskelf, 
esq.  of  Bcrmondsey. 

Dee.  19.  In  Devonshire-st.  aged  84, 
Margaret,  widow  of  Tho.  Hutchins,  esq. 
corresponding  Sec.  to  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company. 

At  Lincoln's  Inn, aged  36,  Chas.  Hoi- 
ford  Bosanquet,  esq.  barrister-at-hiw, 
eldest  .oon  of  Chas.  Bosanquet,  esq.  of 
Rock,  Northumberland. 

At  Notting-hill,  aged  60,  T.  A. 
Phipps,  esq. 

Dec.  20.  A.  Beetham,  esq.  of  Broad- 
St.  thinl  son  of  W.  Beetham,  esq.  of 
Stoke  Newington. 

,In  North  Audley-st.  aged  37,  Lady 
Harriet- Mfiria  Villiers.  only  child  of  the 
Earl  of  Clarendon. 

Dec.  21.  In  Park -place,  Regent'i- 
park,  in  her  90th  year,  Anne-Kiitharine, 
widow  of  the  venerable  Major  Cartwrigbt, 
eldest  dau.  of  Sam.  Dashwood,  esq.  of 
Well,  CO.  Line. 

Elizabeth.  Sophia,  widow  of  R.  C. 
Plowden,  esq.  of  Devonshire  place,  for 
27  years  a  Director  of  the  East  India  Co. 
At  Newington -green,  Martha,  wife  of 
W.  Dugmore,  esq.  of  Lincoln's  inn,  bar- 
rister. 

Dee,  22.  In  her  tjOth  year,  Sarah,  wife 
of  Lieut.. Col.  Barrow,  late  of  69th  reg. 

Dec.  27.  Helen,  wife  of  Richard  Les- 
lie, esq.  second  dau.  of  Capt.  John  Pil- 
ford,  R.N.  C.B. 

Drp.  29.    At  Upper  Seymour-st.  aged 
2  F 


?t       .» !  LFeb. 

•^ s-  ■•    J.i:rer wj.  nged  68,  Henry  Sladc, 

~i     i-.e  jt'  the  Navy  Pay-office. 

(■'.  '-.  At  John- street,  Adelphi,  aged 
-*.    V  i.\.  ['alflcish.  eM|. 

.  .v.    1.     Ill    i'uveii(ii<h-iiq.,  aged    38. 
I.- -.irii  Parrott,  e<«j. 
.■•/.?.     In  Devonshire-place,    in  his 
^  ST.ri  year,  John  U'lltun,  esq.  late  of  lien- 

■.«.      yii  •-■ml  service. 

.V.;ed  74,  John  Simmons,  esq.    Pavil- 
.  .  «-\    '<  --.       ion.  Huston-square. 

i.  -         In   Munta^u-placr.  aged  3:^,  the  Hon. 

.,,  vh^.i-  Puiiip  Henry  Abbot,  barrister-at-law, 
...-.■«<>  .M..\.  of  Oxford,  second  son  of  the  late 
-.;.ctk.      Lord  Colchester. 

..fd.'".  -At  Warren-st.,  aged  Jj,  Edw.  Buck> 

■II.      ini;huni,  esq. 
^      «%■(  J:in.  9.     In  ArIin{:ton-st.  M.  W.  An. 

..■■..a.Mi      drews,  C!.q. 
..I.      t-. >-  Jan.  10.     John    Monkhouse,  esq.   of 

'N.i.'ttt.      Half  nioun-Nt. 
.  >..i.K.K-,ji.ii         JiiH.  18.    -Aged  ^,  the  favourite  squaw 
I..      -.Mr.      of  the  Michegan  Chief  Makoonsc,  Chief 
■  MX.,  '.o     of  the  Chippewa  triiic,  who  has  lately 
.     wiMry      U'en  exhibiting  his  skill  in  the  use  of  the 
..■  4  »•  .  ;      ritle.  at  the  Strand  and  Victoria  Theatres. 
■  ,u«l\o      She  was  ]iossesscd  of  an  uttnictive  Hgure, 
..  M>>«itf's     and  a  fine  (iri>cian  face,  and  was  siiid  to 
.H.'i.      The     be  the  daughter  of  a  French  (rencnil  Of- 
,.    .  i>  "o   his     fiocr,  by  an  Indian  princes. 

..^o^iifiKv         In  Caroline-stn  et,  Iicdford>sq.  Robert 
.  ..  'tdoM'd.      Robinson,  esii. 

»     .     I'iiii    of         Berks. — Dei:  S.  .Aged  7jy  Hen.  Har- 
ford esq.,  of  I>own-place. 
Nl^,,».  Win,         Dfc.  U).  .At  Culdecot  House,  aged  63, 
.cut.    u)      Daniel  Lintall.  esq. 
.    ^;r,  v'jp?.         Jan.  i.     Aged  T.'i,   Catherine,  wife  of 
k'.    <.«.'k    ISit,     John  Dobson,  e-iq.,  of  Mortimer. 

.   .  .wiciuiiv         Ru'Ks.— /M-.  17.     Aged  57,    Walter 
.  ...   ,  lic^l  by     Jackson,  esq.,  of  Burnham. 
s.    ■»  '  wv:u'.'  (.'hf.shirk.— 7>cr.  17,     -At  Frodshani. 

..  .»....»  V\U'      C.  Baldwin,  esq.,  formerly  Lii-ut.- Col.  of 
'. ..  ..I''.   J.IU.      King's  Co.  Militia. 
>.«   -iMrricd  CottNWAi.i.. — J}tT.  ID.    At  Saltush,  in 

..*-.»  .'.isu'7,      his  eighteenth  year,  Mr.  Stephen  Tregea 
.(  xi>iis.  Drew,    third  son   of    the   lute    Stephen 

s,-    -i.u.ii  .Vu-      Drew,  esq.,  of  Jamaica,  Iwrrister. 
,  .  .1.  Ihc.  -2].      At    St.   -Austell,  aged    18, 

■v..    i*a»en-      Lieut.  David  i'rii'e,  K.N. 

Jiin.  Hi.  At  Poit  Lliot,  aged.'W,  Lady 

>    '<.'ic:und-      Sn.Sjin. Caroline,  wife  of   ('ol.  the  H.iu'. 

.  »,j^i.-  Mv.  H.  B.  I^ygon,  M.P.  for  West  Worcester- 

^.     ,.4.,   uuT-      shire;  second  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 

'■»i.i»ry.         St.  Germans.     She  was  married  July  8, 

-,  !*.«•    'K'  wi.      \ti2l,  and  has  left^five  surviving  cliildrco. 

..J.   k  Vlvobi-r         Dkrbv. — Jan.  3.    At  Ashbourn,  aged 

Hi,    Robert  Dale,   esq.      He  was   High 

» .v,.^v>oi  (h-      Sheriff  for  the  county  in  1 786. 

»_.„...  .»  \'M'         Dkvon.— Oc<.  1     At  Appledore,  ajred 

S*.  Sir  Charles  Wm.  Chambers,  Bart.  (?) 

..    t  ..>>.•,  .>>»{.      Commander  U  N.      He  was  son  of  Sir 

.       .'K.'Ao      Robert  Chambers,  Knt.,  commander  of 

the  lazaretto  ship  Alexander,  stationed 

.'«   «iv  ^^j^^t      at  the  Motherbauk,  who  died  Sept.  4, 


w 


1807.  He  servetl  as  a  midshipman  of 
the  Sceptre,  61,  on  cbe  East  India  sta- 
tion, and  when  that  ship  was  wrecked  in 
1799,  was  fortiinarely  oh  shore.  He  be- 
came Lieut,  ii^ia,  and  Commander  1815. 
He  married  July  27,  1815,  Isabella,  wi- 
dow of  T.  Scott,  esq,  of  Calcutta. 

Drc.  1 .  At  Witisor  housp,  near  Kings- 
bridge,  Lieut.- Col.  Akx.  Henry,  late  of 
SSthregt. 

Dec.  5.  At  Chclston,  near  Torquay, 
Cominander  C  Beltield  Louis,  R.N. 

Dec.  II.  At  Exeter,  aged  87,  the  wi- 
dow of  John  Rose  Drewe,  e»q.,  of  the 

Dee.  82.  At  Alaridon,  in  his 63rd  year, 
Thomas  Gardner,  caq. 

Dec.  23  At  Ip^ilepen,  in  his  67th  year, 
Henry  Chnrles  Hwyi>es,  esq. 

Jan.  2.  At  SirlniouLh,  in  his  S^th 
year,  Henry  Cutk-r,  esq.  He  wsis  a 
I  Itneal  deficenditntof  JNIary  youngest dnugh. 
ter  of  King  Henry  the  Seventh,  Queen 
Down>;er  of  France,  wlio  was  rnurried 
secondly  to  Charles  Bmndoii,  Duke  of 
bujfolk. 

Jan,  1.  At  Dufirnore-fiouse,  llrnd- 
ninch,  nped  (i-'J,  the  Hon.  Ltvison  Gran- 
[ViUb  Keitl»  Murray,  lat«- of  Madras  civil 
'  service,  brotbcr  to  the  Right  Hon.  the 
Earl  of  Duntnore,  fifth  and  youngest 
son  of  John  '4th  Eurl,  by  Lady  Charlotte 
Stewart,  6th  dau.  of  Alex-  Gib  Earl  of 
Galloway.  He  niHrricd,  Isl,  Wernyss, 
5th  dau.  of  Sir  J.  Dalrj'oiple,  Bart,  who 
died  in  I801,  s,  p.  ». ;  2dly.  in  1H07,  the 
widow  of  John  Thtirsiey,  esq.  by  whom  he 
,^d  issue,  Jane.  WeuivtrBf  Auf^.sta, 
Jack-Henr)',  Lit.'ut.  R.  N,,  Aleiutridcr, 
d.  ISiS,  and  Siiinuet- Hood ;  MU\  May 
10,  l&.'i-K  Louisa- Mitty,  ouly  dau.  of 
Thomas  Abrafaum.e.sq. 

Jan.  10.   At  Miisbury,  H.  Alining,  esq, 

Aged  61,  Harriet,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J. 
G.  Coplestone,  Rector  of  OfTwell. 

Jan,  II.  At  Tamcrton  Vieurage, aged 
77»  the  widow  of  John  Arthur,  esq,  col- 
lector of  customs  at  Plymouth,  and  ino- 
tbcr  of  the  Rev.  G.  Arthur,  Vicar  of 
Tamcrton. 

Jan.  l5i.  At  Plymouth,  aged  7i,  Com- 
nuindcr  J.  H.  Sparks,  R.  N.  on  ibe 
retired  !i»t  (1829). 

Jan.  13.  In  Barnstaple,  aged  58,  Ailary, 
widow  of  Lieut.  Gitlinga,  K.  N. 

Doustr. — iMelt/.  At  Poolr,  Mr.  T. 
Thompiioii,  for  many  years  burboitr  mas. 
ter,  and  a  member  at  the  corporation. 

Jott,  6.  At  Dorchester,  in  bis  6th 
year,  Charles-Augustus,  eldest  son  of 
Capt.  Hundley,  druguoo  guards. 

Essc.v — I}ec.  7.  John  Guiding,  esq. 
of  Wix  Abbey. 

Dee.  19.  Aged  23,  John- Geo.  Mills, 
caq.  B.A.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
T.  SXills,  of  Loval-bal),  Chelmsfortl. 


Dee.  23.  At  Epping,  aged  71,  deeply 
and  sincerely  regretted,  Ann,  the  widow 
of  the  late  Masfen  Arrowsmith,  esq.  and 
formerly  the  widow  of  the  late  VV.  An- 
drews, esq.  of  Chelmsford,  solicitor. 

Jan.  0.  At  Wislthamstow,  in  bis  40th 
year,  John  Tole  Corlieii,  esq. 

At  Gearies,  near  litord,  aged  ?5,  Geo. 
Dent  Joltnson,  es<|.  B.A.  St.  John's 
college,  Oxford. 

Jait.  17  At  Leytonstone,  aged  53* 
Jame.s  Sims,  esq. 

Gf.oitCESTFK. — Jan.  3.  Elizttlieth,  wife 
of  Robert  VVhittington,  esq.  of  HamswcU 
House. 

Jan.  7.  At  Cbeltenhnoi , aged  6B,  Julia, 
wife  of  Van  Sandau,  esq. 

Hants. — Nov  5.  Nenr  Southampton, 
aged  34,  Lieut.  Charles  Marlelti,  author 
of  "The  Naval  Offit-er's  Guide  for  pre- 

f}iiring  Ships  fur  Sea,"  a  U!<eful  little  book 
Btely  pnbliahed. 

Jan.  6-  At  Southampton,  tn  her  50lh 
year,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Ann  Countes.*  of 
Mountnorris,  sister  to  the  Ear!  of  Devon. 
Site  was  the  8th  diiu  of  Wm.  2d  Vise. 
Ciiurtetiay,  by  Frances,  dan.  of  Thomas 
(;i«rk,  esq  ;  was  mHrried  .Se|)t.  3.  1790, 
nnd  liad  issue  t^vo  son.s,  George- Arthur 
V'lse.  Vulentia,  and  the  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Wm.  Anuesley,  who  died  in  I8."H). 

HtaTS. — A'of.  30.  .'It  Ardcley  Bury, 
aged  69,  John  Murravi  esq.  Commis- 
sary-general to  his  Majesty's  Forces,  and 
chief  of  thnt  department  in  the  army 
serving  in  the  Peninsular  war. 

Kent.— Ocr.  25.  At  Chatham,  Capf. 
W.  D.  Smith,  R.  E. 

Dec.  17.  Aged  40,  Henry  Thompson, 
M.P.  of  Tunbridgc. 

Jan  i.  At  Gravcsend,  aged  75,  Mr. 
Robert  Hindinnrsb,  many  years  a  printer 
in  London,  and  luthor  of  variou-s  works 
in  defence  of  the  ^Tilings  of  Swedenborg. 

LuiCESTta.— i>c,  26,  Aged  38,  R.  J. 
Oliver,  gent,  surgeon  at  Leicester,  3d 
son  of  late  Rev.  G.  B.  Oliver,  Vicar  of 
BelgiHve. 

Jan  1.  At  Quoradon  Ilall,  iimversally 
respected,  Edward  Famiiam,  esq.  the 
representtttive  of  one  of  the  oldest  fa- 
milies in  the  county  of  Leicester,  bis 
ancestors  hainiig  resided  at  Quorndon 
before  tlie  reign  of  Edward  I.  (See  the 
Pedigree  in  Nichols's  Leicestershire,  III. 
103,  UH.)  Mr.  Farnham  was  born  in 
1753;  and  served  the  office  of  High  She- 
riff'for  Leicestershire  in  It*l5.  He  mar- 
Hed  in  1795,  Harriet,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
Dr.  Durarid  Rhudde;  by  whom  he  had 
one  diiughter,  and  one  son,  Edward  Basil, 
boni  I7W,  utid  so  named  after  his  god- 
father Bk^il  Earl  of  Denbigh,  who  mar*, 
ried  Sarah  widow  of  Sir  C.  Halford,  and 
sister  lo  the  late  Mr.  Farnham. 


220 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


NoEFOLK. — JoH.  10.  At  Terrington, 
aged  63,  Dorothy,  wife  of  J.  Sculthorpe, 
esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Spelman 
Swaine,  esq.  of  Leverington,  isle  of  Ely. 
NoRTHAMFTON. — Jan.  14.  Aged  73, 
Anne,  wife  of  Cornelius  I\-es,  esq.  of 
Bradden-house,  sister  to  the  Bishop 
of  Durham.  She  was  the  2d  dau.  of 
Cornelius  Van  Mildert,  esq.  of  Stoke 
Newington,  by  Martha,  dau.  of  Wm. 
Hill,  esq.  of  V'auxhall;  was  married  in 
1787;  and  has  left  issue  three  daughters 
and  two  sons,  the  Kev.  Cornelius  Ives, 
Blector  of  Bradden,  and  the  Rev.  Wm. 
Ives,  Vicar  of  Ualtwhistle,  Northumb. 

Somerset. — Dec.  l-k  At  Bath,  aged 
81,  Mrs.  M'Taggart,  authoress  of  •♦  A 
Gentlewoman  of  the  Old  School,"  &c. 

Jan.  7.  At  Taunton,  aged  65,  Lieut.* 
Col.  C.  J.  Barrow,  late  of  69th  reg.  hav- 
ing  survived  his  wife,  Sarah,  fifteen  days. 

Stafford. — Oct.  .30.  At  Wolverhamp- 
ton, ageddd,  Lt.-Col.  W.  Morrison,  late 
R.A. 

Surrey. — Jan.  14.  At  Combe-house, 
Frances  Ann,  widow  of  the  Kt  Hon. 
Michael  Angelo  Taylor. 

Si'ssEX.— Of/.  24k  At  St.  Leonard's, 
Hastings,  aged  17,  Dorothy  Elizabeth, 
elde^it  dau.  of  Tho.  Harrison,  esq.  one  of 
the  Commissioners  of  Excise. 

Jan.  la  At  Lewes,  in  his  68th  year, 
Geo.  Courtbope,  of  Wyleigh,  esq.  He 
was  the  seventh^  and  his  son  and  heir  is  the 
eighOi  •  George  Courthope,'  succestlveljf 
lords  of  the  manor  of  Wyleigh ;  and  the 
deceased  was  the  fourth  in  succession 
whose  wife  has  been  a  daughter  of  the 
ancient  family  of  Cumpion.  From  the 
title-deeds  of  this  family  some  curious  se- 
lections may  be  found  \u  tho  seventh  and 
eighth  parts  of  the  Collectanea  Topogram 
phica  ct  Genealogica. 

Warwick. — Dec.  28.  Richard  Perkins, 
esq.  of  New  House,  Keresley. 

Jan.  13.  At  Leamington,  Blaria,  young- 
est dau.  of  the  late  John  Smith  Bu^en, 
esq.  of  Dorking,  Surrey. 

Wiltshire Sent.  6.    At   Swindon, 

LieuL  Miles,  b.  p.  Ride  brigade. 

WoRCESTKR.— 7i(rc.  17.  Aged  34,  Har- 
riet, wife  of  John  Parker,  esq.  of  Wor- 
cester, and  dau.  of  W.  Paget,  esq.  of 
Loughborough. 

YoKKsuiRE. — Dec.  15.  At  his  residence 
in  Carlton-place,  Halifax,  John  Dnimel- 
zier  Tweedy,  esq.  Distributor  of  Stamps 
for  the  district  of  Morley  and  Agbrigg, 
and  Returning  Officer  for  the  borough  of 
Halifax. 

Dec.  27.  At  Bridlington  Quay,  aged 
8ft  Mary,  wife  of  John  Rickaby,  esq. 

Scotland. — Oct.  26.  At  Glu^^w, 
Commander  ("harles  Stuart  Cochrane, 
R.N.  (1822)  son  of  the  late  Adm.  Sir 
Alex.  Cochrane. 


Irelano. — June  11.  At  Longford,  Joba 
Commins,  esq.  Barrister  at  L«w,  and 
Clerk  of  the  Uanaper. 

June  20.  At  Woodview,  Dublin,  Anne 
Jane,  the  wife  of  Isaac  Barr^  Pbippe, 
esq.  of  Berbice. 

June  23.  At  James  Town,  Joseph 
Gray,  esq.  Capt  Wexford  Militia. 

Aug.  21.  At  Herring-conrt,  the  Hon. 
Clarinda  Anna  Margaret  Plunkett,  dau. 
of  Lord  Louth. 

Oct.  12.  Aged  48,  Major  Henry  Lang, 
ley,  of  Brittas  Castle,  co.  Tippomrj,  late 
Captain  in  the  2d  Life  Guards. 

At  Moshill,  near  Strokestown,  aged 
48,  Cupt.  Masterson,  late  of  87th  R^nl 
Irish  Fusileers.  He  has  left  a  widow 
and  five  children. 

Oct.  30.  At  Ballybride,  co.  Dublin,  aged 
54,  the  Hon.  Randal  Plunket,  only 
brother  of  Lord  Dunsany. 

Nov.  9.  At  Portariington,  Capt.  R. 
C-oote,  late  of  18th  Hussars. 

A'ov.  11.  At  Kingston,  near  DabUn, 
Lt-Col.  Vincent,  acting  Assistant  Quar- 
termaster-general. He  commenced  his 
career  in  the  49th  regt.  under  the  aus- 
pices of  his  uncle,  Lieut.- Gen.  Vincent, 
and  obtained  his  company  and  minority 
in  the  82d  regt.  which  he  commanded  at 
the  battle  of  Orthes,  for  which  service  he 
was  honoured  with  a  gold  medal. 

A'Dr.21.  At  Clonmell,  Colonel  Ket- 
tlewell,  late  of  the  R.  Irish  Art. 

AVip.  29.  Drowned  by  the  upsetting  of 
a  boat  on  the  Upper  Shannon,  near 
Athlone,  Ensigns  James  R.  Byers  and 
Wm.  J.  Kerr,  (see  p.  110),  both  of  1st 
regt. 

Dec.  3.  At  Cork,  H.  D.  Curtayoe, 
esq.  late  Capt.  59th  regt. 

At  Wexford,  Capt.  T.  Biggs,  late  29th 
regt. 

Dec.i.  At  Dublin,  Lt.-Gen.  Sir  Au- 
giistine  Fitz  Gerald,  of  Newmarket  on 
Fergus,  co.  Clare,  Bart,  a  Deputy  Lieut, 
of  that  county.  He  was  appointed  Ma- 
jor of  the  107th  foot  in  1796;  Lt-Co- 
lonel  in  the  army  1800,  Colonel  1810, 
Major- General  1813,  and  Lieut- General 
1825.  He  was  created  a  Baronet  by 
patent  dated  Dec.  17,  1821.  He  mar- 
ried Eliz.  2d  dau.  of  Thos.  Barton,  of 
Grove,  CO.  Tipperar^,  esq.  by  whom  he 
had  no  issue;  and  is  succeeded  in  the 
title,  pursuant  to  the  patent,  by  his  bro- 
ther William. 

iMtely.  At  Tralee,  at  the  extraordinary 
age  of  1 10  years !  Judith  Brew,  a  pauper. 
She  never  wore  a  shoe  or  a  stocking. 

At  Fort  William,  co.  Kerry,  W.  Col- 
lis,  esq.  late  Capt.  and  Adjutant  of  the 
Kerry  militia,  and  Lieut,  h.n.  34th  regt. 

At  Cork,  Capt.  James  Fisher,  Ute  of 
8l6t.  refft. 

Lieut.  W.  Jones  (rf)  R.  N. 


1835.] 


Obituary. 


221 


Ag«d  52,  Jas.  Hc\ritt  Massy- I">mr?on. 
esq.,  formerly  M.  P-  for  Clonmel,  cousin 
to  i/Or«l  Mas*y.  He  was  the  only  son 
of  the  Hon.  Jiime*  Massy-Dawson  (fc- 
fond  son  of  Hnph  1st  Lord  MnsHv),  l»y 
Mary.  dci«  of  John  Letmard,  esq.  He 
mamedtin  18ft0,  Eliza  June,  eldest  dttu. 
of  the  latr  Finnds  DtMinis,  esq  ,  by  whom 
he  has  left  issue,  Jnmes,  a  Lieut,  in  14th 
light  drKKOODA;  Fnmns- Dennis,  who  has 
married  the  eldest  dau.  of  Lord  Sinduir; 
three  four  other  sans,  and  seven  duuirhters. 

East  Lvdies. — ^pril  y  At  AWynh, 
Bengal,  Lieut.  Henry  Mackintosh,  43d 
N.  h,  junior  UKistnnt  to  the  collector  of 
Arraran. 

yfprU  24.  At  Cnddalore,  Mr.  N  L. 
Hilton  Macleod,  late  a  Lieut,  ort  the 
pension  establishment. 

^pHl  26.  At  Buiiptlore,  Lieut.  H.  A. 
Nntl,  of  the  7th  Madras  Li<?ht  Cavalry. 

yipril  26.  At  Bcrhanmore,  Benf^l, 
aped  41,  Major  Georjie  Macartney  Gru- 
ville,  of  his  Majesty's  38lh  reffinient, 
cousin -gernian  to  Viseountesfi  CumlKir- 
mere  and  Lord  Crewe.  He  was  the 
eldest  son  of  the  late  Lieut.- Co!.  Henry 
Grerille,  (preat-ftrajulson  of  the  fifth  Lord 
Brooke;  by  his  lirst  wife,  Catharine,  sis- 
ter to  the  Into  Sir  Beliingham  Graham, 
Bart.  He  married  Elizabeth,  dau.  of 
John  Pearson,  estj.  Judpe-Advo<'Hte  at 
Calruttu,  and  has  left  issue  two  children, 
Stapleton  and  Ciiroliine. 

/Ipril  27,  At  Sholepoor,  Bombay, 
Wni.  Hart  Dyke,  esq  Bombay  CinI 
Service,  seventh  son  of  Percival  Hart 
Dyke,  esq.  of  Henhurst,  Kent,  and  ne- 
phew (o  Sir  Thomas  Dyke,  Burt. 

At  Secundernbiid,  Lieut.- Col.  W. 
Pickering,  oth  N.  I. 

May  I.  At  Cuddalore,  A.  J.  Dnim- 
inond,  esq.  C.  S. 

Mai/  a  At  Calcutta,  Capt.  J.  W. 
Aowe,  3l9t  re|;t.  fort -adjutant,  brother  to 
8ir  Joshua   Rowe,  Chief  Justice  of  Ja- 


Majf  13.  At  Octammnnd,  in  Neil- 
rteity-hills,  af^ed  ti2,  Capt.  Geo.  Henry 
M.  Dslby,  68ih  N.  J.,und  Assistant- Se- 
cretary to  the  Goventmcnt  Mil.  Dept. 

Maff  lii.  At  Cuddupah,  Lieut,  and 
Adjutant  G.  B.  Marshall,  17th  X.  I. 

At  Man»;idore, ajred  3^  Lieut.  Richard 
Bcachcroft  Dickinson,  44lth  N.  I. 

Mat/  20.      At    Hujahpettah,  on  route 

}in  Nftgpore,   Major  R.  W.  SherriiT,  of 

May  23.  At  Seetapore,  Oude,  in  his 
.IXh  year,  Lieut,  Georjre  Byron,  4Hth 
N.  I.  wcond  son  of  the  late  Rev.  Henrj' 
Byron,  iini-le  to  the  present  Lord  Bvron. 

Al  Bora,  aeeil  £4>,  Lieut.  A.  Home, 
694  N.  L 

At  Scerolc,  Benare*,  Lieut.  E,  Jaek- 
MM1,  eSth  N.  I. 


Mity  26.  Robert  Cathcart,  esq.  Act- 
ing Sub- Collector  of  Canjam. 

il/dv  27.  At  Berhampore,  Lieut  A,  M. 
Glas,  49th  N.  L 

.Vfl//  '^9.  At  Bellary,  C«pt.  C.  Grant, 
of  the  Artillery. 

Maif  31.  Killed  by  a  fall  from  his 
buggy,  Capt.  James  Cnrric,  formerly  of 
his  Majesty's  ft9th  regiment,  and  latterly 
comniandjng  the  2d  regiment  of  H.  II. 
the  Nizam's  infantry. 

At  Fort  WiiliRm,»ped  40,  Opt.  Hen, 
Manscll.  H.  IVL  39th  regiment;  A.  D.  C. 
to  the  Right  Hon.  Governor- General. 

At  Futteljgurli,  aged  23,  Ensign  John 
Wm.  Tomkins,  1st  N.  L 

At  Cuwnpore,  Capt.  Andrew  Hunter 
Wood,  1 15th  N.  I. 

June  L  At  Humeeqjore,  Richard  M. 
TilghrnHJi.csq.  ("omrnissionerof  Revenue 
and  ( 'ircuif,  and  ngettt  to  the  Governor- 
General  in  Biindlecund. 

Junr  2.  Af  Vizagopatnra,  Lieut.  E. 
Stevenson,  of  the  Camatic  Europ.  Vet, 
Battalion. 

June  7.  Al  Poondy,  Ensiigii  and  Adj, 
C.  H.  Frith,  of  21st  iV  L 

June  f).  At  Madras,  Enslt^i  J.  Gool- 
den,  doing  duty  with  9th  N.  1. 

June  13.  At  Dharwar,  Burnbay,  Ellens 
wife  of  Lieut.  Edmund  Percy  Brett,  5th 
Bombay  N.  I. 

June  27.  Al  Dunmorp-house,  Ma- 
dras, the  lady  of  Lt.-Col,  Conway,  C.  B, 

Jiili/  2.  Aged  ()1,  SamuelJones,  esq. 
Deputy  Register  in  the  General  Depart- 
ment;  Bengnl. 

By  the  upsetting  of  a  boat,  after  twenty, 
three  years'  service  in  India,  tind  when  on 
the  point  of  returning  to  England,  Wm. 
Mnson,  es<i.  collector  und  roa^strate  of 
Vizagapatnm,  and  brother  of  (^apt.  Geo. 
Lewis  Miuet,  of  Bclvidere,  Sussex. 

July  II.  At  Outiicumund,  Lieut.  T. 
Stack  pool  e,  40tb  N.  L 

July  21.  On  his  passage  to  England, 
Charles  Smith  Mant,  the  third  son  of 
Henry  Mant,  esq  of  Bath ;  Lieut,  in  the 
Gtb  BonilKiy  N.  I.,  «rd  late  acting  Bar- 
rack-master  at  that  Presidencv. 

yln^'.  7.  At  Bomlwy.  aged  4<i,  Major 
R.  Gordon,  Bomlwy  Engineers, 

Sept  16.  At  the  C-ape  of  Good  Hope. 
aged  4j^,  Rich.  Walpole,  esq.  RengAl 
r.  S.,  Judge  of  the  Courts  of  Suddcr 
Dewnuney.  and  Niiamut  Adawlut  at 
the  Presidency;  son  of  (he  late  Hon* 
Robert  Walpole  fgreal  uncle  to  the  pre- 
sent Earl  of  Orford)  by  his  second  ivife 
Sophia,  dau.  of  Richard  Stert.  esq. 

Laichf.  At  Bom  buy,  Sarah  Maria,  wife 
of  the  Hon    Sir  John  Wither  Amlry. 

At  Miidraf,  Lieut.  Christopher  Dexter, 
of  H.  M.  ti'W  fegjujcrtt. 

At  H<insi,  Ensign  J.  Gibb,  27th  Bengal 
N.  L 


I 

i 


I 
I 


d 


222 


Obituary. 


[Feb. 


At  Calcutto,  Col.  T.  Wood,  C.  B.,  en- 
gineer. 

Ae  Madras,  Chief  Justice  W.  Oliver, 
of  that  Presidency. 

On  board  the  ralambam,  from  Bom* 
bay,  on  bis  passage  to  the  Cape,  Capel 
A.  Hanbury  Tracy,  esq.  B.  C.  I ,  fourth 
son  of  Chas.  Hanbury  Tracy,  esq.  M.P., 
of  Toddtngton,  Glouc. 

In  the  Coorg  country,  of  fever,  Lieut. 
Worsley,  57th  R^t. 

W£BT  Indies.— Jm^  17.  At  Borba- 
doea,  Lt.-CoL  J.  Clarke,  76th  Kegt. 

July  22.  At  Jamaica.  Lieut.  Goulden, 
SSdFoot. 

Juljf  29.  Off  the  Berry  Islands,  Com- 
mander A.  Bertram  (1827),  of  hia  Ma- 
jesty's ship  Tweed. 

jlug.  20.  At  Jamaica,  Lieut.  Douglas, 
64th  negt.,  eldest  son  of  late  Rev.  Wm. 
Douglas,  Canon  of  Salisbury,  &c. 

In  Jamaica,  in  consequence  of  fatigue 
in  acting  as  a  Magistrate  against  the 
riotous  negroes,  Mr  Everard,  an  old 
Lieutenant  in  the  Navy. 

^ug.  2.  On  his  passage  to  Jamaica, 
Lieut.  R.  D.  French,  R.  A. 

Stpt.  9.  At  Trinidad,  Capt.  Lewis 
James  Hay,  youngest  son  of  the  late 
Lewis  Ha^,  esq.  of  Edinbui^h,  and 
Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Port  of  Spain. 

Lately.  In  Dominica,  of  injuries  in  the 
late  hurricane,  aged  30,  Edmund  Plunkett 
Burke,  esq.,  first  Puisne  Judge  of  St. 
Lucia,  and  late  of  the  Innpr  Temple, 
London,  and  Caius  coll.  Camb. 

In  Jamaica,  Thos.  Pearson,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Pearson,  Ripctorof 
Great  Witley,  Wore. 

AvKOAD.—May  4.  At  sea,  on  hia  re> 
turn  from  New  South  Wales,  Major  Ho- 
venden  4tb  Foot 

July  25.  In  the  Gulf  of  Florida,  Lieut. 
G.  Bisset,  A.N. 

Ji^y  30.  Al  Coblentz,  Jane,  wife  of 
Lieut.- Col.  the  Hon.  H.  Edward  Butler. 
She  was  a  dau.  of  the  late  Clotworthy 
Gowan,  esq.  was  married  Jan.  6^  181!^ 
and  has  left  four  sons, 

Aug.  8.  At  Chiurpigny,  in  Switserland, 
aged  83,  Mary,  widow  of  Robert  Hen- 
shaw.  formerly  of  Bath. 

Aug.  15.  At  Gibraltar,  Margaret, 
wife  of  Lieut.- Col.  Turner,  C.  B., 
Royal  Art. 

Aug.  27.  Lost,  on  board  the  Cha- 
melioM  revenue  cutter,  Lieut.  John  Prat- 
tent,  RN. 

^pt.  15.  At  Syra,in  Greece,  aged  21, 
C.  Stanley,  esq.  fourth  son  of  Sir  T.  S. 
M.  Stanley,  Bart. 

Sept.  29  Aged  72,  the  Duke  of  Saxe- 
Altenburg. 

Oc<. ..  Shipwrecked  on  the  coast  of 
America  and  drowned,  with   16  othen. 


H.  Smithe,  esq.  of  Kingston,  Jamaica, 

late  of  Eastling,  Kent. 
Nov.  10.     At  his  residence,  the  villa  of 

GylUeness,  North  Jutland,  aged  84^  Geo. 

Smith,  esq.  formerlv  one  of  the  moat  emi. 

nent  merchants  in  the  city  of  Hamburgh. 

He  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  late  Mr. 

Robert   Smith,  of  Rodridge-house,  co. 

Durham. 
Nov.  13.    At  Nice,  the  Hon.  M«.  W. 

Knox,  widow  of  the  late  Lord  Bishop  of 

Derry.     She  was  Anne,  dau.  of  Jamea 

Spencer,  esq.    of   Rathangan,  co.  Kil- 

dare,  waa  married  Sept.  10,  1785,  and  left 
a  widow  Julv  31,  1831.  having  had  iasiM 
five  sons  and  ten  daughters  (see  the  iDe> 
moir  of  the  late  Bishop  in  Gent.  Mag. 
vol.  a.  ii.  276.) 
Lately    At  Orleans,  France,  Victoria- 

Georgiana,  the  last  of  five  daughters  of 
the  late  John  Burke,  esq.  by  Sarah. So- 
phia his  wife,  niece  to  Lord  Castlemaine 
Aged  85,  M.  Jonas   Hallenberg,  the 

Swedish  historiographer  and  antiquary. 

At  Paris,  M.  Baron  de  Pfeifel,  Minia- 
ter  Plenipotentiary  from  the  King  of  Ba- 
varia. 

At  Montreal,   Ensign   Hunter,  24th 
regiment. 
At  Quebec,  Lieut.  S.  Waltera,  R.  N. 
In  Canada,  Lieut.  Harris,  R.M. 
At  Montreal,  Hret  Lieut.  G.  R.  Lan- 
del,  h.  p.  R.  M. 

Aged  67,  M.  Arnault,  Perpetual  Se- 
cretary of  the  Academic  Fran^aise,  the 
author  of  "  Marius"  and  "  Germanicus," 
whidi,  though  brought  out  at  an  early 
age,  obtained  him  the  reputation  of  being 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  dramatists 
of  the  Empire.  In  riper  ycare  he  com- 
posed a  collection  of  fables,  in  which  were 
combined  a  small  portion  of  satirical 
keenness  with  a  great  deal  of  sound  phi- 
losophy. 

Aged  82;  M.  Jacquvd,  the  French 
Arkwright.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the 
machine  for  weaving  figured  silks.  In 
plain  silks,  Switzerland  and  England 
can  successfully  compete  with  and  under- 
sell the  French ;  but  Jacquard's  invention 
enables  them  to  preserve  the  superiority 
in  figured  silks.  "  If  Lyons,"  says  one  of 
the  journals,  "  has  32,000  looms,  and  if 
each  loom  does  a  third  more  than  it  did 
40  ^ean  ago — if  Lyons  preserves  its  su- 
penority,  and  extends  its  trade,  despite  of 
Zurich  and  its  new  silk  fabrics,  despite 
of  Crevelt,  of  Elberfeld,  of  Austria 
doubling  its  silk  manufactures — despite  of 
Saxony  and  Russia,  and  of  the  40,000 
looms  of  England,  itowes  all  to  Jacquard." 
Aged  17,  Elizabeth  Kulmann,  whose 
poems  have  been  published  by  the  Impe- 
rial Academy  of  St.  Petersbuig.  She 
was  mistress  of  Greek  and  Latin,  and 


1835.]         Bill  of  Mortality.— Markels.—Price  of  Shares. 


223 


seveial  modem  languages.  Among  ber 
woriu  is  an  excellent  translation  of  the 
Odes  of  Anacreon,  1834. 

At  Berlin,  General  Latzow.  His 
funeral  was  attended  by  all  tbe  Prussian 
Princes,  tbe  Duke  of  Cumberland,  and  a 
great  number  of  general  officers. 

At  Paris,  aged  85,  tbe  Princess  de 
Poix,  wbose  name  is  familiar  to  all  wbo 
bave  read  tbe  memoirs  of  tbe  last  centurr. 
Sbe  was  tbe  daughter  of  the  Mar^cbal  de 
Bcttuveau,  and  in  1767  was  carried  to  M. 
de  Noailles,  Prince  de  Poix,  tbe  eldest 
son  of  tbe  Marshal  de  Moucby. 

Oct.  15.  At  Como,  aged  24^  Maria, 
wife  of  John  Frederick  Clarke,  M.D. 
Physician  to  tbe  Forces. 

Oct.  24.  At  Lausanne,  in  the  6th  year 


of  ber  age.  Emma,  only  child  of  Sir  T. 
C.  Style,  Bart. 

Oct.  29.  At  the  Chateau  de  Bardelle, 
near  Montfort  L'Amaury,  France,  the 
Hon.  Anna  de  Mallet,  wife  of  Lieut.- 
Gen.  the  Baron  de  Mallet,  and  cousin  to 
Viscount  Molesworth.  She  was  the  2d 
dau.  of  Robt.  the  dth  Viscount  by  Maiy- 
Anne,  dau.  of  Israel  All.^ne,  esq.  of 
Cork ;  was  nuuried  first,  Dec.  27,  179^ 
to  John  Foster  Hill,  esq.  who  died  in 
May  1801 ;  and,  secondly,  to  Lieut.- Gen. 
the  Baron  de  Mallet. 

Nov.  1 1 .  At  Munich,  aged  3^>,  Count 
Vandreuil,  the  French  Ambassador  at 
that  Court  He  was  very  much  attached 
to  the  elder  branch  of  the  Bourbons. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Dec.  24^  1834>  to  Jan.  20,  1835^ 


Christened. 
Males        875  U„f„ 
Females    &32/*^"^ 


Buried. 
Males        753  )  .^^q 
Females     695  S  *?** 


Whereof  have  died  stillborn  and  under 
two  years  old 491 


m 


2  and    5  156  1 

5  and  10 

55 

10  and  20 

45 

20  and  30 

H^ 

30  and  40  104 

40  and  50  131 

50  and  60  110 
60  and  70  123 
70  and  80  93 
80  and  90  47 
90  and  100      5 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Jan.  23. 


Wheat. 

Bariey. 

Oats. 

».    d. 

«.    d. 

*.    d. 

40    7 

31    4 

22     1 

Rye.   h 
,.    d. 
32     0  I 


Beans. 
$.  d. 
36  10 


Peas. 

t.    d. 
41    3 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt  Jan.  26, 


0<. 

to 

6/. 

Os. 

0*. 

to 

0/. 

Os. 

Oi. 

to 

0/. 

Os. 

0/. 

to 

SI. 

15f. 

Fambam  (seconds)  Oil    Ot.  to 

Kent  Pockets 4/.  15«.  to 

Sussex 4/.    0«.  to 

Essel 4/.  10«.   to 


OL 
81. 
51. 
71. 


Ot. 
Of. 
Or. 
Of. 


Kent  Bags 4^. 

Sussex 0/. 

Essex 0/. 

Fambam  (fine) 8L 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Jan. 24. 
Smitbfield,  Hay,  4/.  Of.  to  5/.  5f — Straw,  1/.  16f.  to  1/.  19f.— Clover,  it.  5t.  to  51.  lOf. 

SMITHFIELD,  Jan.  26.     To  sink  the  Offal_per  stone  of  Slbs. 

Lamb Of.  Od.  to  Of .  OJ. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Jan.  26: 

Beasts 2,499     Calves  130 

Sheep  &  Lambs  19,960     Pigs     580 

COAL  MARKET,  Jan.  26. 

Walls  Ends,  from  15f.  Od.  to  23f.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  15f.  6d.  to  20f.  9d. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt  — Town  Tallow,  46f.  Od.     Yellow  Russia,  42f.  Od. 

SOAP.— Yellow,  62*.     Mottled,  70f.  Curd,  72f. 

CANDLES,  7f.  Od.  per  doz.     Moulds,  8f.  6d. 


Beef. 

2f. 

Od.  to  3f. 

8d. 

Mutton 

2f. 

2d.  to  3f. 

8d. 

Veal 

a.. 

Od.  to  5t. 

Od. 

Pork 

2*. 

6rf.  to  3#. 

6d. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Brothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 
23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,  237§. EUesmere  and  Chester,  85^. Grand  Junction, 

240. Kennet  and  Avon,  22^. Leeds  and  Liverpool,  520. Regent's,  16^. 

—Rochdale,  120. London  Dock  Stock,  56. St.  Katharine's,  68}. West 

India,  95.— Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  196. Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  55. West  Middlesex,  79^. Globe  Insurance,  146}. Guardian,  33}. 

Hope,6i. Chartered  Gas  Light, 46^. Imperial  Gas, 46. Phcenix  Gas, 

33§. Independent  Gas,  50. United   General,  41  {. Canada  Land  Com. 

puy,  45.— Reversionary  Interest,  131. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  inqyvVce  «a  i^x«. 


224  ; 

METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  CARY,  SriAkiJ. 

Frotn  December  26,  1834,  to  January  2-3,  1835,  both  inclutive. 
Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


W«»ther. 


do. 
ivir 
do. 

doudy 


ao,  j» 

fair 

,77 

cloiidr 

,73 

do. 

,  57 

do. 

.  ^ 

fftlr,  do. 

,50 

fog,  fur 

,  16 

d.i. 

.  ro 

tloudr 

20,76 

do. 

,83 

do.  fidr 

hub 

"^4 

rcnbc 

It 

It's  J 

Lhcm 

9  .a 

1. 
1 

i3| 

1        Weather. 

Jan. 

el     «    'i      o 

in.  pts. 

11 

49 

51 

48 

29,  83  do. 

12 

50 

52 

44 

,  90  do. 

13 

44 

47 

U 

,  60  do. 

14 

4fi 

51     «l 

.  44S  do. 

\a 

47 

^)     46 

,  68  (air,  do. 

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late  RicBA&iMois  Goooluck,  and  Abnuu.. 


J.    B.   KICHOLS   AKD   SON,   S5,   PAHLIAMIIfT  STREKT. 


GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

MARCH,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS. 

MtsrOR  Correspondence. — Autobiography  of  a  Dissenting  Minister.- — GeoUgy 

— Vaultfi  ftt  Eltham  Palace. — PriviJege  of  Oreste,  &c,  &c 236 

ACTOBIOGKAI'HY  OP  SiR  EoERTOM  BUYDGES. 3S7 

Historical  Characters,  by  Sir  J.  Mackintosh. — Character  of  Banyaa, 
S39.— Barclay— Penn,  240.— William  the  First,  241.— Princfl  Maurice  ;  and 

Heary  Frederick 242 

Cajitlrs  ok  Gwknt  and  Dyked,  No,  L— Castle  of  Ogmore,  fVi/A  a  Plan) 243 

The  late  Rer.  Dr.  Drury,  of  Harrow 944 

Historical  Particukrs  respecting  the  Gunpowder  Plot  of  llJOS 250 

Monamental  Sculpture  and  Architecture  of  Great  Britaia  (wUh  EngravingtJ , . .    256 
Family  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  and  Act  for  tlie  Legitimation  of  his  Cbildrea 260 

Bhttish   Rklations  witH  China.— Affair  at  Cum-Sing-Moon,  266, —  Dr. 

Morrison. — Proceedings  of  Lord  Napier ;  and  his  death. 268 

On  Ohl  English  Poetical  FacetiiE 369 

Rrr.  P.  Hall  and  Bishop  Lowth's  Remains Vti 

RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW.— Matthew  Stevenson's  Poems 377 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Eastys  on  the  Church,  281. — American  Poets,  2B7.— Clarke's^M^agr ;  Boid's 
Azores,  288. — Sketches  of  Corfu  ;  Rogers's  Fruit  Cultivator,  289. — Bagster 
oo  Bees  ;  Lawrence  on  the  Uorse  ;  Loudon's  Architectural  Magarine,  290. 
— Tate  on  the  Ovidian  Distich,  294. — Akensidc's  Poem,  295, — Loudon's 
Arboretum  Britannicum 296 


I 

t  FINE  ARTS.— Royal  Academy,  298.— WLakles'  Cathedrals.— Colman's  Views.  299 

^BlJTERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

^^K         New  Publications,  .300. — Learned  Societies. — Literature  of  France,  flee. . ..   301 

^BaNTIQU.ARIAN  RESEARCHES. — Society  of  Antiquaries,  30?. —Ancient 
^^V  Town5,  &c.  in  Asia  M inor,  304. — Discoveries  at  Pompeii. — Ancient  Cemetery 
^^H         at  PertoQ,  Herts,  304i.— >.Sepulchral  Antiquities  at  Kertch 30S 

POETRY. — Lines  intended  to  he  prefixed  to  a  Work  on  English  Antiquities  .. .    306 
HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in    Parliament,  308.— Foreign 

News,  310. — Domestic  Occurrences 311 

List  of  the  New  Hooseof  Coranioas,  313. — Scotch  Peers ; — Sheriffs  for  1835.. ..   315 

Promotions,  &c,  3IG. — Birtb»  and  Marriages 317 

OBITUARY  ;  with  Memoirs  of  Rt.  Hon.  R.  P.  Carew ;  Rt.  Hon.  James  Fitz- 
Gerald  ;  Gen.  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  W.  Keppel,  G.C  B. ;  Rear-Adui.  the  Hon, 
Geo.  H.  L.  DuadaH  :  Major-Gen.  the  Hon.  G.  .\.  C-  Stapylton;  Sir  W,  Mar- 
joribanks,  Bart  ;  Sir  Roise  Price,  Bart. ;  .Adm.  U.  Palmer  ;  Adm.  Crawley, 
Lt.-Gen.  SirH.  de  Henuber,  K.C.B. ;  Lt.-Gen-  Coghlan  ;  Lt..Gcn.  Arm- 
strong;  Capt.  PiMold,  C.B  ;  Capt  Bligh,  R  N.  ;  Capt.  Timothy  Curtis, 
R,N.;  Rev.  .Sir  W.  H.  Cooper.  Bart  ;  Henry  Bankea,  Esq  ;  Rev.  R.  T. 
Malthtts;  Mr.  Charles  Lamb ;  Thos.  Priugle,  Esq.  ;  Mr.  F,  W.  Smith  ;  &c. .   318 

Clsrgv  Deceased,  327 . — Deaths,  arraaged  ia  Counties 330 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets— Prices  of  Shares,  337 — Sleteorological  Diary — Stocks  338 

EmbeUiahed  with  a  Plan  of  the  Ca8ti.b  of  Oomorr,  co  Glamorgan,  and  a 
Series  of  ancient  Sbpulchral  MoMUMK.vTti. 


I 
I 
I 


226 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE- 


We  k«v«  recviwd  Mr.  H.  L.  B.'i  com- 
■luiiKMtitMi,  and  have  only  to  obaerre 
ttMt  tbtr  lKH>k,  to  which  he  alludes,  was 
4M«I  to  th«>  Macaiine  for  reriew,  and  not 
•oititht  fur  by  the  reviewer,  who  neither 
KiuMcIf  «ttii}HH>ted,  nor  erer  received  any 
lwlfl>riu«tion  of  its  want  of  authenticity ; 
tHiu»(Hitt(>ntly  he  was  bound  to  considor 
it  (htt  honaJIHt  work  of  a  Dissenting  Mi- 
uiatcr.  How  could  he  take  upon  him> 
Mtlf  to  nrtMilaim,  or  even  to  utter  a  sospi- 
vlun,  tuat  it  was  fabricated  for  a  base  and 
UHWurthy  purpose;  or  how  could  he  have 
■up)M»rtrd  that  opinion,  if  challenged  by 
tho  author  ?  It  mar  or  may  not  be  an 
«uth««nlifl  work.  Tlie  reviewer  has  ne- 
vvr  hrard  its  authenticity  contradicted  on 
any  authority.  If  it  is  what  Mr.  H.  L.  B. 
■UB|>ect«  it  to  be,  the  reviewer  will  be 
Mnung  the  flrst  to  censure  the  dishonest 
and  tiTsreputable  teal  of  the  author.  The 
reviewer  thinks  that  there  are  no  remarks 
of  his  own  liable  to  Mr.  H.  L.  B.'s  cen- 
Bure  ;  he  joins  most  willingly  in  bearing 
his  testimony  to  the  learning,  the  piety, 
and  the  high  character  of  Dr.  P.  Smith 
and  Mr.  Kenrick  ;  and  though  he  is  him- 
•elf  a  most  decided  and  devoted  Church- 
man, yet  he  would  wish  that  Church  to 
disown  him,  if,  in  speaking  of  those  who 
have  sr|tarated  from  her,  his  feelings  were 
illiberal ,  his  statements  erroneous,  or  his 
censures  unjust ;  and  he  most  deeply  de- 
ulurea  the  present  unfriendly  feelings  ex- 
isting between  the  Church  and  the  Dis- 
sentrrs  : — Sit  Pax  in  templo  Dei! 

lu  rrffffnoe  to  the  remarks  of  bur 
Reviewer  (p.  Ifl?)  Dr.  Card  requests  na 
to  state  that  he  is  not  responsible  for  the 
iusertioii  of  the  word  "  Roman"  under 
the  lithograph,  which  was  added  by  the 
printer  unauthorised  by  himself,  and  of 
whlvh  he  was  unconscious  until  after  the 
volunte  was  published,  when  it  was  point- 
ed out  lu  a  slip  of  Errata. 

\i9  are  authorised  to  state,  that  the 
aitiiile  respecting  Mrs.  Thring,  of  Clifton, 
\IKhich  appeared  in  our  last  Obituary, 
p.  ))14,  was  communicated  to  us  without 
tht»  knowledge,  as  it-  would  have  been 
without  the  sanction  or  approval,  of  the 
ttvaiost  i-elatives  and  connexions  of  that 
UUy  aud  her  family. 

"we  have  received  H.  Y.'s  letter  on 
MvfUigy.  We  are  sure  that  he  will  be 
ktKhVv  giatltted  by  Professor  Buckland's 
I'-haiptvjr  itu  the  same  points  in  his  forth- 
c^uuluK  Ucivlgewater  Treatise. 

\V«  w  oUiged  bv  R.  R.'s  poem;  but 
«v  hANv  little  room  lor  Poetry  in  our  Ma- 
v.A-kue,  )uul  it  is  only  occasionally  ad- 
u.uud.  W«  kkouU  advise  him  to  reserve 
ki  till  :U4  Vuuual. 

Ii;.  I.  V,-  KXjfSVum*  hii  regret  that  in 
ii.«  Miutiuuiuc«ti«A  on  the  subterranean 
y  .xxj^s,.y  -ti  KlthAHk  f>KlM«,  in  our  Decem- 


ber Magazine,  p.  594,  he  vaintentioafly 
did  Mr.  J.  C.  BucKixm  an  injostiee,  ia 
omitting  to  notice  die  fiKt,  that  he  had 
fiiily  deteriied  the  vaults  in  question  in 
his  very  able  publication  (Historical  and 
Descriptive  Account  of  Ehham  Palace, 
p.  58)  which  shows  that  the  vaults  are 
not  an  entirely  new  discovery,  and  but  at 
the  same  time  alFords  a  very  accurate  and 
comprehensive  description  of  a  beautiful 
won  of  antiquity. 

In  tibe  Gent.  Mag.  for  September  1833 
(Vol.  cm.  u.  p.  SOO),  is  inserted  a  note 
from  "  W.  of  Oxford,"  stating  that 
among  the  privil^jcs  granted  to  the  Abbey 
of  Waltham,  temp.  Ric.  I.,  and  also 
among  those  granted  to  the  Priory  of 
Pulton,  temp.  £dw.  III.,  he  finds  the 
right  of  oreate  mentioned,  and  requesta 
an  explanation  of  the  meaning  of  tlie 
term.  Other  instances  have  occurred, 
which,  in  the  abeenoe  of  this  word  from 
the  existing  Gloesaries,  it  may  not 
be  unimportant  to  insert  Amongst 
the  Cart.  Antiq.  in  the  Tower,  fol.  S3,  is 
a  charter  granted  by  Henry  the  Second 
-to-  the  Austin  Canonia  of  Chichester,*  in 
which  he  confirms  to  them  the  privilegea 
of  ordel  and  orette.  F.  S4  is  a  confinna.- 
tion  by  Richard  the  First,  in  which  the 
same  terms  are  employed.  Edward  the 
First  confirms  to  the  Church  of  St.  Peter's, 
York,  amongst  other  privil^;es,  those  of 
ordel  and  orett,  by  a  charter  in  the  33d 
year  of  his  reign,  which  may  be  seen  in 
Prynne's  Records,  vol.  iii.  p.  1104.  In 
the  Placita  de  quo  Warranto,  pp.  18  and 
19,  it  appears  that  Henry  the  Third  grant- 
ed to  the  Knighta  of  St.  John  of  Jem- 
salem  the  privileges  of  ordel  and  omtt. 
So  much  for  the  instances ;  ti^  meaning 
and  etymology  now  demand  notice. 
Ortat  is  synonymous  with  bettlt,  a  privi- 
lege  which  was  frequently  granted  to 
ecclesiastical  establishments.  Excepting 
in  charters,  the  only  instance  in  whi<£ 
this  term  has  been  found  is  in  the  Saxon 
Chronicle  under  the  year  1096,  where  it 
is  said  that  Goffrei  Bainard  accused  Wil- 
liam  of  Ore,  "  and  hit  him  on  gefeaht, 
and  hine  on  orrette  ofercom."  As  no 
examples  of  ita  use  are  known  in  pure 
Saxon,  and  as  we  know  that  it  is  common 
in  the  Scandinavian  tongues  (Ihre,  vol. 
ii.  p.  295),  it  is  probable  that  the  North- 
men carried  the -name  and  custom  with 
them  from  Denmark  into  Normandy,  and 
thence  into  our  own  island. 


*  Dugdale,  in  the  Monast.  Anglic, 
torn.  1,  p.  183  (first  edition),  printa  the 
greater  portion  of  this  Charter  from  an 
inspeximus  in  Rot.  Cart.  S  Edw.  II. 
n.  31,  omitting  the  clause  in  which  these 
terms  are  inserted. 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE* 


THK    AO'TOBIOORAPBY,    TIMES,    OPIN'IONS,    AND    COm'SMPORAaiES    OF 
nH  SeEKTON  BBTDGES,  PER  LEGEM  TKRR.E,    BAEON  CHAND08  OP  SCDKLBT,  &C. 

'2  voU.  8to, 

WE  have  no  hesitation  in  saying,  that  we  consider  this  to  be  one  of  the 
most  lingular  books  of  confessions,  which  modern  literature,  since  the  days 
of  Rousseau,  has  produc<*d.  In  tiie  ease  of  Sir  Egertoii  Brydges,  age  has 
not  brought  its  usuai  reserve ;  but  the  \Friter  has  throi^Ti  open  his  heart 
and  mind  to  the  reader's  gaze  ;  has  emptied  his  long-hoarded  stores  of 
sorrows  and  joys,  hopes  and  disapfMuntments,  his  Ukiugs  and  his  antipa- 
thies, his  high  ambition  and  his  weak  resolve^,  his  failnrc  and  his  success ; 
— and  all  this  in  language  so  9[X)utaneou3ly  flowing  from  the  fullness  of 
the  spirit  and  the  feelings,  so  unstudied  and  unreserved,  as  to  render  it 
impossible  to  be  read  without  a  deep  and  melancholy  interest.  Many 
years,  the  very  best  of  our  life  have  passed,  since  we  first  became 
acquainted  with  the  name  and  works  of  our  present  biographer ;  and 
deeply  have  we  been  indebted  to  him  for  very  valuable  accessions  to  our 
knowledge  of  antiquity — for  fine  and  just  trains  of  poetical  criticism,  for 
well-reasoned  and  eloquent  productions,  on  imjiortant  intjuirles  connected 
•with  the  prosperity  of  our  institutions,  for  some  touching  and  elegant 
|X)etry,  and  for  a  few  iiigeniou.s  and  interesting  tales  of  fiction  ;  but  had  we 
been  totally  ignorant  of  his  name  till  this  his  latest  work  apjjcared,  we 
should  at  once  have  been  surprised  by  its  singular  and  glowing  elotjuence,  its 
extensive  and  refined  literature,  its  eccentric  opinions,  its  bold  and  artless 
confessions,  its  wild  and  lofty  flights  of  euthusiasui,  and  its  singular  defects 
in  judgment,  in  temper,  and  in  prudence.  *'  1  have  written,"  says  the  author, 
*'  in  all  humours,  and  with  every  sort  of  rapidity^  in  deep  grief,  in  over- 
whelming misfortune.  In  inrlignaut  rage,  in  diisappoiutmcnt,  In  danger,  and 
in  destitution  j  I  have  written  witli  harassed  powers  and  in  mere  despair." 
8uch  15  the  mingled  yarn  nf  which  this  work  is  composed,  that  it  would  be 
an  easy  task  for  any  one  who  had  made  hiiusulf  conversant  with  it,  to  pre- 
sent, b%' judiciously  selected  extracts,  two  characters  of  the  author,  very 
different  indeed  from  each  other.  '  Look  upon  this  picture  and  on  this." 
He  might  either  describe  liim  in  his  own  words,  and  on  his  own  authority, 
as  one  who,  though  grey  in  years,  and  visited  heavily  with  scorns  and 
injariei  and  afflictions,  possessed  in  his  heart  and  feelings  all  the  bloom, 
and  beauty,  and  freshness  of  unsullied  and  unsuspecting  youth  ;  as  one 
•  who  atill  delighted  to  gaze  upon  the  glories  of  Creation  with  increasing, 
^vid,  and  rapturous  delight — beholding  the  suu  rising  over  the  Alps,  with 
incoDCei\'able  pleasure  ;  as  one  never  found  sleeping  after  the  dawn,  but 
drawing  in  inspiration  from  the  splendour  and  sublimity  around  him,  and 
poariug  forth  his  unpremeditated  lays. 

While  I  re-wan<ler  o'er  this  wtHid-tT«wn"d  aitecp. 
Yon  sheep-clad  Inwn,  and  this  secluded  dell. 
Yon  iniinsion  mncl  yon  holy  tnwer,  that  |>eep 
From  the  thick  tr««s,  where  ia  their  •Uent  cell 


^ 


L 


Autobiography  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges.  [March, 

The  hallowed  relics  of  mj  fathers  sleep ; 
I  strire  in  vain  the  tumult.s  to  re|>el 
That  force  mine  eyes  with  6»4  rc^frct  ta  weep. 
Since  my  sweet  childhood's  lost  delifjbts  they  tell- 
Here  my  Joved  parent  gjossed  his  hsppy  day::, 
Im  nural  peaoe  with  every  Tirtne  warm'd, 
While  the  wild  eountry  round  that  rani;  his  praiiw, 
His  hoii-se  denoted  and  his  ?<M>dnfss  charm'd. 
But  I,  alas  \  to  genuine  pleasnrcs  blind, 
Toss'd  oo  the  world's  wide  waves,  ao  comfort  find. 

'•^Or  he  miglit  say,  what  a  noble  mind  is  this,  that  procJaims,  ""of  all  gnti 
ing  convictions  what  is  more  oxatting  than  that  of  having  earned  the  &p- 
probatioti  of  high  minds }  The  dignity  of  iutelilect  is  the  only  proud  do- 
mitiiou  worthy  the  dignity  of  our  nature  j  riches,  and  rank,  anil  office,  are 
comparative  baubles. "  Again,  "  I  always  loved  the  ideal  better  than  the 
real.  Reality  never  satisfied  tne,  the  iinugmatiuu  comcuouly  did  so.  1  he 
intense  delight  with  which  1  read  romances  and  fairy  tales  fronn  the 
Earliest  age,  is  inciedible.  My  mother  had  a  trunk  full  of  them,  and  I 
almost  got  them  by  heart.  Not  one  of  them  did  I  omit  to  read  many, 
many  times.  My  grandmother  Egerton  first  taught  me  to  read  before  I 
was  four  years  old,  but  at  that  age  I  was  a  refractory  ficliolar.  At  six  1 
began  to  delight  in  books ;  during  these  years  I  knew  the  asftect  of 
every  held  and  wood  about  ^Vootton,  under  llic  varying  lights  and  tints 
of  the  varying  seasons — every  tree,  and  hedge,  and  path — and  the  trees 
were  uiagniticent  there,  and  there  was  bill  and  valley,  and  abundance  of 
underwood,  richly  interposed.  At  an  early  age  Buchanan's  Latin  Poetry 
WHS  a  great  and  intimate  favourite  with  me.  and  1  got  Milton's  juvenile 
poems  almost  by  heart.  1  generally  carried  these  little  \oluiues  (the 
Elzevir  of  Buchanan)  in  my  pocket*  1  read  them  on  stiles,  on  banks, 
under  hedges,  when  the  season  allowed,  as  welli  as  by  the  winter  6rc, 
when  the  weather  kept  me  indoors ;  CoHins  also  was  one  of  the  earliest 
objects  of  my  enthusiastic  ambition.  Thus  then  nature  made  me  tmagi- 
native,  contemplalive,  literary — sensitive  even  to  morbidness,  abundant  in 
moral  reflections — irritable  but  soon  relenting,  forgetful  of  injuries,  grave 
yet  with  an  indestructible  elasticity  of  hope  ;  shy,  yet  frank  and  cominu- 
uicative  after  the  hrst  address  ;  grateful  for  civilities,  and  enthusiastically 
seeking  honourable  fame."  These  are  strains  of  a  high  mood,  that  hnd 
their  echo  in  every  pure  and  generous  heart,  such  as — "  The  Swan  of 
bright  Apollo's  brood  d<»th  sing  " — but  if  we  were  to  form  our  selection 
from  tlic  other  colnmn  of  the  pngt,  we  should  find  all  those  bright  and 
goodly  visions  sc^tred  auay  by  a  crowd  of  feelings  of  a  far  less  elevated 
nature  ;  we  sliouid  iind  the  Uniutiful  tapestry  reversed,  and  all  the  fine 
proportions,  and  purple  colours,  in  shapelessness  and  confusion  \  the  tuneful 
strings  out  of  unison,  and  jarring  discord.  We  nliould  find  one  brooding 
l)rith  a  wild,  and  moody,  uid  uiiinanly  sorrow,  over  the  misfortunes  and 
evils  of  a  long  and  checqucred  life,  hoarding  up  the  remembrance  of  hia 
6erce  and  fatal  animosities  ;  with  a  heart  rankhng  with  the  fires  of  hatred 
and  scorn,  and  lor  ever  gazing,  with  an  infatunted  and  grim  delight,  over 
the  bunting  cauldron  of  his  wrongs  ;  we  should  find  one  grieving,  and  for 
ever  proclaiming  his  grief,  that  his  high  and  vaulting  ambition  had  not 
been  satisfied  ;  auri  looking  back  with  a  most  unwise  and  even  unchristian 
regret,  on  what  he  believes  he  might  have  performed  under  happier 
auspices,  an4l  in  u  more  genial  situation.  Nir  Kg'.rt'ui  t.xmcnt«  that  be  ha« 
leen  igtiobly  kkimmii^g  thcsuifacc  of  the  ground,  tvhen  he  ought  to  hare 
launched  with  a  bold  pinion  into  the '•rare  depth  of  air:  in  short,  he 


\ 


^ 


1835.] 


Autobiography  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 


229 


ttiinks  that  the  wreath  of  immortal  fame  was  in  his  power,  and  that  he 
failed  to  seize  it.  Now  we  kaow  that  it  is  not  for  ua  to  give  advice  to 
such  a  man  as  Sir  Egerton  Brydges,  and  we  could  have  but  little  hope  that 
any  thing  in  our  power  to  say,  would  soften  the  asperity  of  his  fet-lings, 
or  sootb  the  disfjuict  of  that  heart  which  baa  so  long  survived  the  unfor- 
tunate causes  of  its  deep  emotions  ;  and  we  regret  this  the  more,  as  wc 
fear  the  eneiuiiscs  of  Sir  Egerton  will  have  some  cause  to  congratulate 
themselves  '  that  their  enemy  lias  %vriUcn  a  liook ' — that  he  has  drawn 
back  with  his  own  hand  the  curtiin  that  hiid  so  long  covered  the  drama  of 
his  woes  ;  and  tliat  he  has  traced,  with  a  liapiess  hdeUty^  the  canoes  of  bis 
adlictions  and  diatiirbatice — to  himseij'.  U  is  true  that  he  has  experienced 
the  treachery  and  ingratitude  of  mankind ;  that  be  has  been  insulted  by 
the  brutal,  siu-ercd  at  by  tbe  malicious,  ami  deceived  by  the  sclhsb  ^  that 
he  may  liavc  fallen  into  a  vulture's  nest  of  rapacious  scriveners,* 

"  Or  where  the  fell  attorney  prowU  for  prey ;" 

or  he  may  have  felt  the  bungfry  Iwaks  and  talons  of  money-lenders  fastening 
Offon  him  ;  and  those — alas  !  how  many  ! — who  live  by  lapping  the  blood 
of  sorrow  and  misfortune,  draining  tbe  ^"ery  life  of  bis  rich  inheritance 
iyom  him  ;  he  may  have  tcared,  as  he  confesses,  the  arrival  of  every  post, 
he  may  have  had  dishonest  stewards  and  extravagant  domestics,  he  may 
have  been  expelled  from  his  fair  inheritance,  banished  from  his  native 
lawns  which  his  iiilant  feet  ftad  trod,  seen  his  housMiold  gods  shivered 
aronnd  him,  and  at  length  been  expatriated  by  those  who  were  gorging  on 
the  spoils  of  his  ancestorial  wealth  ; — but  the  ».[uestiou  must  be  asked,  who 
first  beckoned  theuv  to  approach — who  opened  to  them  with  his  own 
hand  the  gates  of  his  doiaatn — who  solicited  their  entrance  into  liis  OWD 
unpolluted  and  unmortgaged  lands?  What  but  his  own  high  ambition,  and 
that  airy  coronet  for  ever  floating  before  his  eyes,  that  led  him  into  a  con- 
test ;  wiitch  swallowed  up,  in  its  prolonged  dispute,  all  that  should  have  sup- 
p<jrted  the  honour,  the  tranquillity,  the  independence  of  hii>  future  years. 
\Vhat  embittered  the  once  peaceful  retreat  of  his  beloved  Denton,  threw  a 
shadow  darker  than  that  of  autumn  over  its  woods,  stripped  his  graceful 
lawns  of  their  sunshine  and  their  verdure,  and  scared  the  affrighted 
Dryads  from  their  friendly  coverts  ?  What  robbed  his  elegant  and  learned 
Priory  at  Lee,1  of  the  charm  which  its  shelves,  rich  with  the  treasures  of 
monastic  lore,  and  all  the  wealth  of  Elizabethan  literature,  could  foruish— 
its  chronicles,  its  romances,  its  poetry,  and  its  pr»rtraita — what  but  a  too 
fatal  disregard  of  the  means  by  which  they  had  once  been  acquired,  and 
by  which  they  could  aloue  be  preserved  ?     Sir  Egerton  himself  says  that 


I 


•  *M  have  found  that  lawyers  take  from  75  to  DO  per  cent,  on  an  BTcrage ;  somethnes 

^^  900  per  cf-nt.     Their  charges  have  been  S,300/.  for  what  when  taxed  .131/.  7«.  Sd. 

^^M  only  WAS  altowed.     In  twenty  years  they  have  taken  nearer  1 00,000/.  than  50,000/.  from 

^^m  me  and  mine  ;  thetr  regular  law  charges  amoanting  aunually  to  2,500/.  and  what  they 

W  call  cash-payments"  (ia  troth  do  payments  at  all)  ta  nearly  as  much  (vet.  i.  p.  16}. 

I  •*  If  you  do  not  resist  the  first  false  charge  of  a  few  pound)*,  he  will  go  on  till  he  gets 

I  &9/.  19*.  t>rf.  per  cent,  out  of  all  your  property.     Let  the  Tlielusson  c.a»e  be  a  crying 

I  instance.    But  he  it  not  content  trilh  taking  all.     It  is  one  of  his  tricks  to  bring  you  in 

I  debt  into  the  bargain,  that  he  m.iy  bold  n  rod  over  you  to  keep  you  mute."  Vol.  11.  p.  55. 

■  t  *«ir  Egerton  says,  he  "  huil  a  noble  room  for  his  lihrary,  and  Ueautiful  grcncry  ;  be- 

■  fore  bim  rose  a  bill  sheltered  with  wood,  and  behind  another  bill  more  precipitomi,  at 
I  the  foot  of  which  the  manaiun  stood,  and  over  the  brow  of  which  was  placed  the  dear 
I  old  Mat  in  which  I  was  born.  To  tbe  ealt  ron  those  meadows  of  emerald  grvea  of 
I  which  Gray  the  poet  speaks  in  his  letters,"  h.c.    He  is  here  speaking  of  Dentnn 


the  dear 
jrnjenof       n 

ton.  mi 


230 


Autobiography  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 


[March, 


the  expense  of  pursuing  Ills  claim  to  a  tide,  which  we  believe  he  never 

possibly  could  have  obtained,*  amounted  to  a  princely  fortune  ;  and  when 
we  add  to  that,  that  by  his  own  confcsaiun  he  permitted  his  annual  expen- 
diture to  outrun  his  income  n'en  btf  ihomands,  hc  may  lament,  aa  we  sin- 
cerely do,  but  we  cease  to  uondcr  at  the  sad  harvest  of  sorrow  and  re- 
pentance that  he  is  reaping  amid  the  declining  shadows  of  his  life ;  and 
we  hear  with  regret,  but  nnt  v^ith  surprise,  tiiat  for  lifty  years  not  one 
dav  of  ease    has    lie    in    his    tuundtuoui*   career   experienced. 

We  can  hardly  picture  to  ourselves  any  one  on  whom  Fortune  appeared 
to  smile  more  benignly  i»  the  outset  and  spring  of  life,  than  on  the  histo- 
rian of  this  onr  inelanch<(ly  tale.  He  himself  is  the  vcrj'  ideal  portrait  that 
he  has  sketched  of  human  felicity.  Boasting  a  name  allied  to  the  noblest 
and  richest  blood  of  Kngland  and  France,t  and  adorned  with  the  brightest 
historic  records  ;  endowed  himself  with  a  fine  intellect,  sensibility,  and  ge- 
nius ;  gifted  with  all  the  wealth  that  would  satisfy  more  than  reasonable 
wishes,  and  amply  support  his  station  in  society  ;  placed  in  the  most  fertile 
and  beautiful  county  in  England — '  that  pleasant  Kent' — possessing  an  old 
though  not  a  paternal  domain  ;  early  blessed  with  all  the  ties  of  domestic 
affection,  with  a  partner  uf  his  own  unfettered  choice,  who  would  sooth  his 
anxieties,  and  children  whose  love  would  till  his  vacant  hours; — what,  wc 
ask,  could  man  in  the  moderation  of  a  wise  aiid  religious  heart  seek  of  the 
bounteous  hand  of  Providence  more  than  this  ;  J  and  how  much  less  than 
this  is  the  general  lot ;  or  through  w  hat  privations,  and  self-denials,  aud 
struggles,  and  anxieties,  reaching  through  the  better  part  of  life,  is  it  at  last, 
perhaps  too  late,  obt.-»ined  ?  That  those  blessings  were  neither  valued  nor 
used  as  they  might  have  been,  that  they  did  not  tend  to  the  happiness  of 
the  possessor,  or  of  those  around  hiui,  is  hut  too  evident ;  it  ilocs  not,  how- 
ever, aj>pear  to  us  so  evident  that  Sir  Egerton  is  willing  to  lay  the  blame, 
where  alone  it  can  w  ith  justice  be  hiid,  at  Ills  own  threshold.     He  describes 


*  See  Mr.  Beltx's  rery  curious,  and  we  must  add  Tcrj  conriacing,  book  on  thi* 
tabjci't ;  which  has  been  calkd  fortli  by  Sir  Egerton'i  BtatementK  in  thii  work. 

f  Hia  grcat-^andinother  (Sir  Kgerton  is  speaking  of  hia  p-andfatfaer  Elgerton)  was 
the  cohrir  uf  Ferd.  .Stanley,  Earl  of  Derby,  wboa«  mother  Ijidy  Mariffaret  Clifford 
was  dau^'htitr  of  Hrnry  Clifford,  Enrl  of  Cuiuberlaad,  and  sole  hcire&s  to  her  mother 
Lady  El.  Urandoa,  daughter  and  eobcir  of  C.  Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk,  by  the 
Princess  Mary  Tudor,  youngest  daughter  of  Henry  Vll.  and  widow  of  Louis  XIL 
King  of  France.  It  i.^  not  neccuary  to  say,  rhat  this  is  the  bif^hest  blood  in  the 
,  kingdom.  Vol.  i.  p.  132.  *  I  can  trace  a  degcent  from  at  least  4-5thii  of  the  whole 
of  the  Anglo-Norman  pccrof^  to  the  death  of  Hen.  IlL  and  am  entitled  to  quarter 
the  arms  of  alniust  all  the  principal  of  tfaem.  tL  157.  At  p.  179  is  a  summary  of 
the  illutitrious  bouses  from  which  by  female  alliance  he  is  desjccnded.  This  include* 
^^^  54  Earls,  100  Anglo-Normau  Baronf^;  all  the  chief  branches  of  the  Royal  houses,  of 
^^K  the  Conqueror,  PlantafTcnet,  and  Tudor  ;  and  in  Foreig:n  Royal  and  Princely  houMS, 
^^y  the  Merovingian  and  CarloTingian,  and  Capetian  Kings  of  Prance,  Royal  house*  of 
P  Spun,  all  the  bouses  of  the  emperors  of  Germany.  Portugal,  ancient  dynasty  of  Ru«. 

I  sia,   the   princely  Italian  hou.H«s,  as  Visconti,  fkc.     Sir  Egcrton*s  Stemmata  lUus- 

I  tha  traces  the  descendants  of  Charlemagne,  whose  blood  has  flowed  into  his  veioi. 

I  vii.  p.  181.     In  fact  the  present  Royal  family  now  on  the  throne  descend  from  the 

F  eldest  sister  and  coheir  of  Henry  VIIL,  and  Sir  Egerton  from  Mary  Tudor,   the 

[  youDf^st  sifter  and  coheir  of  Henry  Vlll. 

1  J  "  An  old  manor-house  on  a  healthy  soil,  a  competent  income,  a  respectable  ancea- 

I  try,  and  a  good  education,  ought  to  moke  the  lot  of  a  country  gentleman,  of  generoua 

I  diapoaitioD   and  of  tine  talents,  a  heaven  u|K)n  earth.     Alas!    fur  the  discoDtcnt  of 

I  humanity,  how  rarely  is  it  found  so.     Tht  vhi^  temptatioHf  which  Itcd  it  attra^,  art 

I  ambition  and  ramily,  these  are  the  destructive  syrens  which  turn  the  blessing  of  inde- 

I  peodeiice  into  its  must  Qiortifyin^  reverse." — Vol.  ii.  p.  'A'i4, 


4 

i 


n 


p 


htmHcIf  as,  even  from  cbildliood,  eapriciaus  and  liumoursonie  ;  bis  extreme 
sensitiveness  occnsioning  the  raost  wretched   sufferings :   grave,  shy,  re- 
cluse ;  his  manners  cold  and  repressive,  repelling  approach  by  his  frown- 
ing visage,  and  discourai^ing  by  his  seemltig  iusensibility.     "  I  am  a  shy, 
reserved   man  (he  says)  who  never  solicit   any  laan's  acquaintance;  fitful 
and  embarrasaed  in  conversation  ;  sometimes  too  impetuous,  and  sometimes 
too  fcarfut :  us  an  author,  losing  all  self-con hdetiee,  despising  the   suc- 
cessful candidates  for  fame,  and  writing  in  despair;  as  a  poet  and  pensive  mo- 
ralist, seeking  solitude,  and  yet  soon  weary  of  it.    I  could  not  reconcile  my- 
self to  unbroken  retirement,  and  accordingly  I  accepted  a  troop  of  Fcncible 
Cavalry,  of  which   I   retained  the  commaud  for  more  than  ten  years,  and 
which  often  at  a  considerable  expense  1  entertained  in  my  old  and  luassy 
hall."     He  then  t<H>k  up  the  amnsement  of  agriculture  on  a  large  scale, 
without  ever  looking  iiUo  his  bailiffs"  atcotmts,  or  attending  to  the  details 
of   its  management,   SosJng  very  large  sums  of  money,  notwithstanding, 
all  that  time,  the  prices  of  corn  and  stock  ran  very  high.     "  My  thoughts 
were  always  on  my  btwks,   and  among  visions.     1  have  an  aversion  to  ac- 
counts, and  nothing  but  the  most  pressing  necessity  could  induce  me  to 
examine  them.     An  ngent  soon  iinds  out  this,  and  step  by  step  goes  on 
from  robbing  to  robbing,  till  nothing  will  satisfy  his  rapacity  or  his  appe- 
tite.    The  difficulty  of  the  task  accumulates  from  day  to  day,  and  who  that 
shrinks  from  examining  a  month's  accounts,  will  undertake   to  examine 
those  of  a  year?     I  could  not  sift  bills,  cu^t  up  accounts,  examine  |)rices, 
and  make  bargains.     There  was,  therefore,  every  kind  of  mismanagement, 
and  1  soon  became  involved.'" — Sir  Egerton  then  published  his  novel  of  Ar- 
thur Fitz  Albini,  in  which  his  Kentish  neighbours  *  found  themselves  ex- 
hibited in  no  very  pleasiug  colours.     This  was  not  a  second  step  to  tran- 
quillity.    '  They  never,'   he  says,   *  forgave  me   the  allusions,  and   they 
pulled  a  hornet's  nest  about  my  ears.     1  lived  in  peril,  and  slept  in  fever 
and  anxiety.     Fiends  haunted  me  ;  the  malice  of  the  devil  attended  on  my 
footsteps.     The  Jew  sttHxi  ready  with  his  knife  to  cut  the  pound  of  flesh 
from  me  }  '  and  Detraction,"  a.s  Falstaff  says,  '  that  foul  harpy  Detraction,' 
like  a  croaking   carrion  crow,  was  above,  around,   and  beneath   me.     I 
bad  many  dull,  brutal,  and  cruel  neighbours,  to  whom  a  man  of  literature 
was  a  painful  annoyanc^e.     They  did  every  thing  to  traduce  me,  and  in 
their  society  I  felt  aa  among  a  jiack  of  hungry  greyhounds,  who  would  de- 
vour me.     On  my  fiery  liltKHl-liorse  1  rode  away  from  them,  aud  left  them 
to  wonder  at  my  reserve  and  surliuess,  aud  to  give  contumelious  names  to 
what  they  called  my  pride,  and  my  vanity,  and  my  ridiculous  pretensions. 
My  timid  friends  bewailed  my  imprudence  and  intractability,  and  would 
have  had  me  conciliate,  aud  smile,  and  bend,  and  laugh  at  r('])roach,  and 
turn  calumny  into  a  jest.     1  lived  at  a  vast  expense,  without  the  smallest 

•  Sir  Egerton  says  (Vol.  1,  p.  46)  he  has  not  obacncd  in  other  coanties  the  same 
me*n,  bigoted,  and  ignornnt  clAJauhip  as  in  East  Kent.  We  cad  say  nothing  to  this  ; 
but  he  confesses  that  at  that  time,  Lord  Rokeby,  the  Earl  of  Guilford,  and  Horace 
Mann,  Sir  Edward  Hales,  Sir  Edward  KnatchbuU,  and  other  ancient  families  were  re- 
aiding  there.  Sir  E^^ertoa  hIho  eumplainii,  that  when  he  ethted  Philip's's  little  work, 
(Theatrom  Poetaruiu)  at  Canterbury,  tbuui^h  in  a  Cathedral  city,  full  of  cJergy,  only 
ooc  copy  wad  AohL  This  i.s  hardly  fur.  No  one  would  purcha!^c  Fhi1ip«.  who  waa 
not  an  admirer  of  old  English  poeta  ;  and  how  many  readers  of  Gowerand  Lidg«tc, 
and  Churchyard,  and  Barclay,  &c.  would  one  expect  in  a  Cathedral  chapter  ?  There 
is  indeed  the  acnODipli.thed  Dr.  Nott  at  Winchester  :  there  is  Mr.  Lisle  Bowles,  ru» 
Mov»ai»  ^/Xo»  kirip» — at,  Salisbury  ;  we  recoUect  no  more  poets.  There  are  few  rich 
■tnlltt  on  Parnassus  1 


i 
n 


* 


28U  Autobiographic  of  Sir  Egerton  Bridges.  [March, 

niaiiageinent ;  luy  household  was  numerous,  though  iint  for  show  ;  my 
butcher's  weekly  bill  amouuted  to  a  sum  that  would  appear  incredible  ;  and 
my  horsci  eat  up  the  produce  of  all  my  iiieadowij  and  out-fields.  In  short, 
mine  wan  a  sort  of  Castle  Hackreut,  in  xvliich  at!  uns  disorder,  and  all  was 
waste,  while  those  who  pluudercfl  me  most,  and  lived  on  mc  most,  abused 
me  mobl.  C'oufuMon  grew  upon  confusion,  aud  every  day  it  became  a 
more  tremendous  task  to  look  into  things.  This  was  c?iactly  what  my 
neighbours  enjoyed.  Thev  saw  me  live  at  u  vjist  expense  without  com- 
fort, or  that  vain  ostentation  on  which  they  valued  themselves,  and  which 
they  kept  up  at  a  fourth  of  the  cost  which  was  exhausting  me,  aud  dimi- 
niBhing  that  strength  which  they  envied  and  hated.  I  know  not  what  my 
income  was*  but  no  doubt  my  expenditure  exceeded  it  by  many  thousands. 
I  kept  very  impjerfect  accounts,  and  every  one  cheated  me.  1  suspect  that 
the  tradesmen's  charges  were,  in  general,  at  a  rate  not  shorf  of  from  two 
to  three  hundred  per  ccut. ;  and  this  ia  the  way  in  which  almost  all  trades* 
men  make  themselves  amende  for  want  of  piuictuality  in  paymeut  by  their 
customers." 

As  if  all  this  was  not  enough  to  draw  a  dark  cloud  over  the  orient  co- 
lours of  the  morn  of  life,  to  extinguish  the  fire»  of  the  domestic  hearth, 
aud  destioy  all  the  goodly  fa^jric^  of  happiness.  Sir  Egerton  has,  with  the  keen 
edge  of  his  sensibilitv,  indicted  another  wound  upon  himself.  He  blame« 
himself  for  not  having  achieve^l  8ome  great  and  commanding  work  of 
geuius,  and  won  at  once  a<lmiratiun  aud  immortality. 

'  O  Renomm^  I  O  paissuite  Deftse  I 
Qui  SfSTez  tout,  et  (pi  ]»arlez  sans  cesae, 
Piu-  charity,  parlez  au  ptv  de  nous.* 

That  lie  has  not  given  reins  to  the  impetuosity  of  hi^;^  genius,  indulged 
himself  in  the  highest  style  of  composition,  woven  in  fiincy's  richest  loom 
splendid  tales  of  poetic  tictioiij  such  as  were  heard  on  the  banks  of  Molla, 
or  were  «UMg  *  to  high-born  dumes'  in  the  halls  of  Ferrara.  He  laments 
that  so  much  of  his  life  has  been  exhausted  in  works  of  compilation  ;  io 
searches  for  remote  genealogies  ;  in  reviving  the  fame  of  obsolete  books  ;  in 
writing  biographies  of  forgotten  authors  ;  in  giving  editions  of  scarce  aad 
ancient  poetry  ;  in  short,  in  forming  the  greater  p:ut  of  those  works  which 
his  private  press  for  so  many  years  issued  to  the  world.  V\'e  have,  as  may 
be  seen,  a  very  high  opinion  indeed  of  Sir  Egerton's  talents  ;  but  we  art 
strongly  inclined  to  doubt  the  justice  and  wisdom  of  this  complaint. 
These  are  no  doubt  studies  and  intpiiries  but  ill  suited  to  a  poetic  mind ; 
it  i«  not  all  tiie  fuel  of  knowledge  which  will  feed  the  hres  of  poetry, 
which  will  enrich  and  elevate  the  imagination,  supply  those  delicate  ana- 
logies, and  brilliant  figures  in  which  the  fancy  delights  to  re\'el,  or  give 
those  lufty  abstractions  aud  splendid  visions  amid  which  the  children  of 
Apollr*  dwell  ;  but  the  studies  which  Sir  Egerton  pursued  seem  to  us 
to  be  nothing  less  than  the  willing  handmaids  of  his  favourite  deity — the 
very  bel|is  and  assistances  he  most  wanted.  If  he  looked  into  family  re- 
cords,  searched  pedigrees,  traced  out  peerages ;  was  deep  in  f-loliashed, 
and  Hall,  and  Stow ;  read  Froissart  by  the  ruby  light  of  bis  painted 
windows  ;  or  turned  over  Du  Plessis  or  Montaigne  in  bis  tapestried  cham- 
ber  ;  were  no  poetic  visions  fktating  before  his  eyei>  ;  do  dowers  dropping 
from  Fancy's  urn?  Did  he  hear  no  voice  from  hall  or  bower  r  Did  the 
midnight  lamp  not  reflect  the  banners  of  Chandos  waving  above  him  ?  Did 
he  not  see  the  |)ortrait  of  bis  ancestor  Lord  Chaneellor  Egerton  in  hU 
1 


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i 


I 


I 

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1835.]  Aufohlogrophy  of  Sir  Egerton  Brtfdget.  233 

robes  of  office  looking  soletimly,  yet  licnigiily  upon  liliu  ?  did  bis  eye  not 
rest  ou  the  heraldic  symlxils  of  tlie  Gibbon  arms,  quartered  with  the  Vorke 
•altier  ancJ  tortcaiix  r  did  iio  Alice  Egerton  or  Eleanor  Brandon  glide  be- 
him  in  mask  or  pavin  ?  did  not  his  ancestress,  '  tlie  venerable  Mar- 
it,  bend  froiu  her  golden  cloud  ?'  and  did  he  not  hcai-  the  words  of  hia 
iVOurite  poet  ap])lied  to  himself, 

'  Welcome,  iny  nob!e  Son,'  she  cries  aloud 
*  To  this,  thy  kindred  train,  and  !ii<^. 

Pleased  in  thy  lineaments  wc  trace 

A  Tudor's  fire,  a  Beaufort's  grace  ?  '  &c. 

ts  is  itidced  but  a  weak  ami  woiuaitly  complaint ; — Or  does  he  condemn 
liimseir  in  the  thouirht,  that  liis  time  was  wasted,  and  his  native  genius 
•tifled  in  the  occupation  of  giving  to  the  world  correct  and  beantiful  edi- 
tinns  of  onr  old  poets,  whose  volumes  were  ]lreviol)^ly  inactes.sible  to  a!l 
but  the  weidthy  amateur,  and  for  wliich  all  the  poor  ]Hi«ieer.s  and  working 
Chaplains  of  the  niuses,  like  ourselves,  lune  si»  heartily  tJiatiked  hitn.  Fie 
upon  it !  What,  sucli  goodly  tomes  full  of  gokkni  inspimtion,  as  the  Hcli- 
Cimia,  and  Archaica,and  Paradise  of  DaintyDcnses,  and  England's  Helicon, 
«ud  the  Mirror  of  Magistrates  with  its  noble  moralities  by  ^ackville's  pen, 
and  Brown's  sweet  pastoral  strains  and  choice  inventions,  and  brave  Dray- 
ton, and  Breton's  goodly  fancies,  and  Braitliwaitf  witli  bin  new  wreath  of 
laurel  ou  his  brow.  Marry,  fjuep  !  if  yon  call  this  wasting  time.  Sir  Egcrtoii, 
we  wonder  what  is  employing  it.  Do  these  works  inspire  no  delight,  afirt>rd 
no  instruction,  suggest  no  fancies,  nor  repay  by  their  noble  sentiments,  de- 
licate thoughts,  ami  dulcet  inspirations,  for  the  labour  of  editorship.  M'^cre 
n^,  which  heaven  forbid  I  to  educate  a  poet  j  «ere  we  to  feed  him  \vith 
the  choicest  honey-bread,  witich  is  roy:d  food,  and  put  to  his  youthftil  lip 
those  waters, — '  the  drink  of  none  but  kings' — to  inspire  him  with  the 
noblest  seotimcuts,  expressed  in  the  most  masterly  and  harmonious  lan- 
guage, we  should  send  him  into  the  woods  and  by  the  sounding  waters, 
with  those  very  books  which  Sir  Egertou  so  wisely  edited,  and  now  so 
unaccountably  neglects.  That  so  much  of  liis  time  was  devoted  to  com- 
pilation, and  to  the  hund)k'  labours  of  the  interpreter  and  editor,  Sir  Eger- 
ton  is  for  ever  assigning  as  a  cause  of  the  comjiarative  paucity  and  imper- 
lection  of  his  original  productions:  — but  how  stands  the  fact  r  Sir  Egertou 
■  has  written  nearly  a.s  much  as  Pope,  and  a  thousand  times  as  much  as 
raised  (>ray  and  (.'oilins,  and  Parnell  and  (toldsmith,  to  their  niches  in  the 
temple  of  fame.  He  has  u  rttteu  above  two  thousand  sonnets,  more  than 
all  the  Corpus  Pt»etaruin  AuglicaTioruni  has  produced,  from  Constable  and 
iihakes|>eare,  to  VV'arton  and  Wordsworth.  Hi;  hfis  written  a  poem  on  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  consisting  of  (j,-100  lines,  almost  half  the  length  of  the 
Iliad  in  blank  verse  ;  another  poem  called  Bertram,  He  has  composed 
two  hundred  lines  of  poetry  for  fifty  successive  nights.  He  has  published 
-several  novels,  (among  wliich  his  little  pensive  and  romantic  talc  of 
Mary  de  Clifford  must  always  be  admired).  He  has  published  essays  out 
of  number  ;  distjuisitiorvs  moral  and  jiolitical.  He  is,  in  fact,  an  author  on 
all  subjects  from  poetry  to  the  poor-rates,  aud  what  more  would  he  have 
done  ?  The  fact  is,  we  take  all  this  lamentation  and  regret  to  be  fouuded 
on  great  error.  Men  do,  in  common  circumstancciSj  what  they  can  do, 
neither  more  nor  less.  He  who  thinks  of  notluug  but  verse,  and  writes 
nothing  else,  will  soon  cease  to  write  verse  worth  reading,  l^vok  at  all 
our  great  poets,  those  to  whom  Sir  Egertou  will  l>c  the  first  to  allow  their 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  HI.  2  H 


234  AutoHograpAjf  of  Sir  Egerton  Bryigm.  [Mardk, 

greatness  ;  see  the  means  which  they  took  to  obtun  immortality.  How  Ut- 
borious  their  studies,  how  large  their  materials,  how  extensive  their  era- 
dition,  how  vigorons  their  efforts,  and  how  deep  and  migestic  their  re^ 
pose  I  The  example  of  Milton  is  in  every  one's  month  ;  be  wrote  gram- 
mars and  compiled  dictionaries,  and  tanght  obstinate  little  urchins,  and 
constructed  treatises  of  faith,  and  worried  Hall,  and  abused  Usher,  and 
pelted  Salmasius  into  Sweden,  and  pelted  him  out  again  ;  and  then  took 
wing,  and  soared  away  into  Paradise  f  and  Shakespeare  drew  his  golden 
inventions  from  those  very  dull  chronicles  despised  by  Sir  Egerton ;  Jonson 
was  a  bricklayer  by  trade,  bat  >  he  filled  his  hod  full  of  the  best  Latin 
authors,  and  cemented  their  sentences  with  his  own  mortar — genuine 
puzzolana  j  Pope,  Butler,  Akenade,  Gray,  were  all  men  of  great  reading 
and  study,  independent  of  their  poetry.  So  it  is  down  to  Scott  and 
Southey,  and  so  must  ever  be.  The  poetic  talent  is  not  a  common 
coin  current  at  all  times,  and  for  every  day  use  ;  it  is  a  medal  struck  now 
and  then,  and  for  great  occasions ;  the  greatest  poets  have  bad  their  ebbs 
and  flows,  their  vernal  equinoxes,  and  their  propitious  seasons : — WE 
never  can  write  a  line  in  the  county  in  which  we  live ;  as  soon  as  we  pass 
the  borders,  Apollo  meets  us,  and  hispiration  begins.  Beautiful  as  is  the 
poetrv  of  Goldsmith,  it  would  be  still  more  gratifying  to  the  reader,  if  his 
knowledge  had  been  more  perfect,  and  his  reasoning  more  orderly  and 
-accurate.  In  short,  we  may  say,  that  the  mind  should  be  constantly  put* 
ting  forth  the  leaves  of  stady  and  reflection,  and  striking  and  extending 
the  roots  of  ob8er\'ation  by  which  it  is  supported}  and  then,  when  full  <rf 
vigour  and  vernal  sap,  it  should  disclose  the  long-expecting  flower,*  and 
throw  op  the  graceful  stalk  which  bears  the  bright  consummate  crown  of 
poetry.  Such  has  been  the  life  of  our  greatest  poets,  and  such  their  vo- 
luntary labours ;  and  therefore  we  think  Sir  Egerton  much  to  blame,  if 
he  did  not  bring  the  line  of  his  studies  to  bear  with  advantage  on  bis  finer 
and  more  abstract  contemplations ;  but  we  think  that  he  has  underrated  his 
own  productions,  and  we  can  assure  him  that  we  fully  believe  they  will 
not  fail  to  secure  to  him  a  very  lasting  and  honouraUe  fame  among  his 
learned  contemporaries. 

Independently  of  these  personal  recollections,  and  of  this  mental  ana- 
tomy of  himself,  which  Sir  Egerton  ha»  given,  there  are  some  very  enter- 
taining and  acute  remarks  on  those  whom  he  met  with  in  the  walks  of 
public  or  private  life.  There  is  a  very  amusing  picture  of  the  chief 
Kentish  families,  in  the  first  volume,  but  which  we  have  not  room  to 
extract ;  of  Dr.  Horne,t  the  Bishop  of  Norwich  ;  of  the  late  Mr.  (ilifford, 
which,  with  some  truth,  hardly  does  cnedit  to  his  great  acuteness  and  saga- 

*  Every  body  knows  by  heart,  we  hope,  Sir  Egerton' a  beaatifal  sonnet  on  Echo 
and  Silence  ;  therefore,  what  he  says  of  it  becomes  interesting.  "  About  1783,  a  small 
pamphlet  fell  into  my  hands  by  the  Rev.  J.  Walton,  who  had  gained  the  Oxford 
prize  for  English  verse,  of  which  I  forget  the  title,  unless  it  was  '  The  Bodleian  Li- 
brary.' A  few  short  inscriptions  after  the  Greek  manner  pleased  me  very  much,  and 
there  was  one  line — '  Echo  and  silence,  Sister  Naids !'  which  suggested  my  own  sonnet 
on  Echo  and  Silence.  He  died  young,  holding  at  that  time,  if  I  am  not  mistaken, 
the  situation  of  Master  of  Ruthyn  School  in  Wales,  of  which  county  he  was  a  native." 
This  is  interesting :  we  are  pleased  to  find  this  sonnet  in  Mr.  Dyce's  beautiful  selec- 
tion— a  book  we  recommend,  for  the  taste  and  judgment  in  the  choice,  and  for  the 
elegance  of  the  typography. 

t  See  vol.  I.  p.  94 — !)7,  in  his  mention  of  Dr.  Home's  friend,  the  amiable  and 
excellent  Jones  of  Nayland,  all  Sir  Egerton  has  to  say  of  him  is,—'  that  he  was 
controversial  divine.' 


Aniohiogruphy  of  Sir  Egcrtnn  Brydges. 


I 


city.  His  remarks  on  Johiisou  arc  on  the  w  Ijole  just.*  *  I  am  of  opiuion,* 
he  stays,  'tUat  he  at  last  vvou  his  way  to  the  supremacy  hy  tlic  force  of 
a  great  and  direct  iiiiud,  firnilvj  aiid  with  perseverance,  supjwrting  its  own 
pretensions.  The  terror  of  his  terse  sarrasras  kppt  many  in  suhjection. 
He  did  not  rule  by  intrigue  and  courtesy,  but  by  fear.  Yet  having  taken 
the  side  against  the  people  in  politics  at  a  titne  of  extreme  jwpular  ferment, 
it  is  surprising  that  the  tide  did  not  overvvhehu  him.  When  he  published 
fcis  last  work — the  1/ivcs  of  the  English  Poets — they  were  not  calculated 
to  subdue  any  prejudices  which  might  exist  against  him  on  those  accounts  ; 
bnt  they  weie  calculated  to  exalt  tlie  opinion  of  Iuh  critical  powers  still 
higher  than  it  had  stood  befwe.  Vet  the  severity,  the  ."jarcasiu,  the  con- 
tempt with  which  he  treated  many  of  his  contemporaries,  must  have 
alarmed  the  living  men  of  literature,  and  especially  the  writers  of  poetry, 
to  w  lioiu  iBany  of  his  poeticTil  canons  were,  if  just,  crushing.  He  sur- 
inounted  aU  these,  aiul  therefore  there  must  have  been  a  spirit  of  life  ia 
his  writings  whidi  nolfiiug  could  destroy."!  Sir  Egertoo  gives  an  account 
«f  the  effe-et  which  the  charatti-rs  of  many  of  the  statesmen  of  his  age 
'■niade  mi  him,  whom  he  met  with  in  pubhe  life-  Hednesjijstice  to  thclate 
Lord  Liverpool's  knowledge  and  prudence,  and  inflexible  integrity.  The 
chief  orators  in  the  House  in  his  time,  he  thus  remarks : — '  I  remember 
that  Caunirig  iise<l  to  hesitate  a  good  deal  ijt  the  commencement  of  hin 
speeches.  Lord  C'iistlereagh  was  generally  embarrashcd  even  to  the  last, 
Vanaittart  was  slow,  and  couhl  not  be  beafd  j,  his  voice  was  so  faint.  C rat- 
tan, at  the  latter  period  when  I  knew  him,  was  laboured,  tautologous,  and 
energetic  on  truisms.  VVhitbread  was  turg^id  and  foamy.  («.  Poii- 
«onby  spoke  iu  snappy  sentences,  which  had  the  brevity,  but  not  the  point 
•f  an  epigrara,  tJarrow  was  vox  et  preterea  nihil.  F,  Robinson  spoke  with 
\rv3city  and  clevcmesa,  and  in  a  tnost  geutleinauly  tone,  but  wanted  a 
sonorous  flow.  B,  Balhurst  was  analytical,  but  heavy  awl  tedious.  Peel 
at  that  time  spoke  seldom,  and  oidy  spoke  as  if  he  had  forinafly  prepared 
himself  for  the  occasion,  with  ruauy  protests  of  candour,  and  humble  con- 
sideration, in  a  sort  of  beseeching  tone.  C.  (irant,  wlio  rarely  rose,  pour- 
ed out  a  florid  academical  oration,  of  which  kind  indeed  Canning'^  speeches 
often  were.  Hiiskisaou  was  a  wetched  speaker,  with  no  command  of 
words,  with  awkward  motions,  atid  a  most  vulgar  uneducated  accentuation. 

•  In  a  letter  of  G.  Walmsly  to  Garrick  in  174ft,  he  says — '  When  you  see  Mr. 
Johntton,  pray  give  my  cotnjiUmentH  to  him,  and  tell  him  1  esteem  him  na  b  g;reat 
geniiu — quite  lost  both  to  himself  and  to  the  world.'  To  which  the  Editor  adds  the 
Allowing  note: — '  TIum  we  know  was  exactly  the  fact,  his  attarhment  to  Savage  had 
done  bini  great  LDJury.  Between  the  years  1 7  4.'> — (>,  he  lilerally  wrote  nothing.  The 
rvbrllion  (hat  wiu)  then  raging,  perhaps  inspired  him  with  the  hopes  that  attached  to 
hi«  |)olitic&l  princijiles ;  he  luved  the  house  of  Stunrt,  and  in  the  succenB  of  the  Pre- 
tender, might  anticipate  hi:?  own  mdepeadcnce.'  Thiii  iii  not  a  very  probable  conjec- 
ture, U  WAS  ntore  likely  thiit  Mr.  Witlmsly  almost  dt-.spaired  that  he  ever  coiUd  be 
roused  to  a4:tivity  and  tifseful  strcnuou-s  orcupation  of  his  time. 

+  In  part  of  his  i:riticiam  of  Johnson,  Sir  Egerton  falls  foul  of  n  celebrated  conplet 
of  Pope,  upon  which  he  makes  the  fol)owin;|  strange  comment. 

**  A  wit's  a  feather,  and  a  chiers  a  rod, 
An  honcBt  nuin's  the  noblest  work  of  Hodl 

This  is  one  of  those  nnmeaningflourinhes  thrown  out  ad  captandum  rulgus.  An  htmrtt 
man,  uuifn  he  beinlflleefual,  i«  not  nnly  uot  the  nobleit,  but  not  even  a  noble  trork  of 
Oed.  And  wliy  should  a  wit,  or  a  chief,  be  less  honest  than  a  meaner-minded,  or  a 
neauer-runditioned  man^"  But  we  are  bound  to  say,  that  there  ia  not  much  iu  ^ir 
£gvtoa*a  memoirs  written  in  thia  manner. 


I 


I 


236  Autobiography  of  Shr  Eget torn  Brydge$.  [Maidi 

llerney  had  a  manner  of  his  own — very  amasing,  but  entirely  cottwudd— 
he  seldom  attempted  ailment,  but  was  admirable  at  rullery  and  jest.  It 
is  difficult  to  describe  the  manner  of  Sir  Francis  Burdett — it  was  genenDy 
solemn,  agreeable,  and  rather  artificiallv  laboured,  in  a  sort  of  tenor-Toice; 
but  now  and  then,  when  it  was  animated,  it  approached  for  a  little  whik  to 
powerful  oratory.  Wilberforce  had  a  shrill  feeble  voice,  and  a  slow  enna- 
ciation,  as  if  he  were  preaching,  and  his  language  was  of  the  same  character 
as  he  used  in  his  writings,  wi^  great  ingenuity,  and  a  constant  course  of 
thought  out  of  the  common  beat ;  but  there  was  something  between  the 
plaintive  and  the  querulous  which  was  rather  fatiguing.  Mackintosh  was 
often  eloquent,  but  generally  too  studied,  and  much  too  learned  for  bis 
audience,  and  he  was  not  sufficiently  free  from  a  national  accent ;  his  vmce 
too  was  deficient  in  strength.  Romilly  spoke  as  a  patriotic  and  philosophic 
lawyer,  full  of  matter  and  argument  ;  but  perhaps  a  little  too  slowly  and 
solemnly  for  such  a  mixed  assemblage  as  the  House  of  Commons.  Plunket 
was  one  of  the  most  powerful  speakers,  but  better  in  the  acuteness  of  his 
matter  than  his  manner.  V.  Fitzgerald  had  a  bold,  forward,  lively  flow  of 
words." — Sir  Egerton  has  also  a  chapter  on  the  eminent  judges  and  lawyers 
of  his  day,  from  Lord  Rosslyn  to  the  present  Chancellor,  written  with 
spirit  and  candour.  Of  his  friend  Lord  Tenterden,  the  too  brief  account 
is  highly  interesting ;  we  had  long  known  his  high  accomplishments  as  a 
scholar,  but  we  were  not  aware  that  he  preserved  the  verdure  of  his  poetic 
laurels  in  the  murky  atmosphere  of  his  legal  courts.  Of  Bonstetten,  the 
amiable  and  accomplished  friend  of  Gray,  a  very  agreeable  picture  is 
drawn  j  and  we  were  much  interested  in  the  account  ^ven  of  Mathison, 
whose  poems  and  letters  we  have  often  read  with  delight,  but  of  whose 
personal  history  we  knew  very  little.  It  appears  that  after  a  chequered, 
and  not  very  fortunate  life,  his  genius  and  worth  were  recognized  }  he  was 
loaded  with  bounties  by  the  King  of  Wirtemburg;  and  that  at  Stutt- 
gard  he  found  the  completion  of  his  happiness  by  an  alliance  with  Louise, 
who  came  as  a  rose  from  the  gardens  of  Wortlitz,  where  her  father  was 
chief  gardener. 

We  cannot  close  our  re%-iew  of  this  work,  without  remarking,  that  though 
it  is  written  in  too  desultory  and  discursive  a  manner ;  though  it  abounds  in 
repetitions  both  of  sentiments  and  even  of  language;  though  the  finest 
passages  of  eloquence  are  too  often  followed  by  what  is  slovenly  and  in- 
correct 4  yet  that  the  taste  of  the  author  in  his  critical  opinions  is  mascu- 
line and  correct ;  that  he  views  with  discrimination,  and  writes  with  pre- 
cision ;  that  he  well  understands  the  laws  of  poetry,  and  that  he  is  never 
found  lavishing  his  praise  on  what  is  not  intrinsically  worthy  of  it. 
This  good  criticism,  and  those  true  and  just  views,  are  expressed  in  pic- 
turesque and  glowing  language,  and  animated  with  a  fine  moral  feeUng. 
In  Sir  Egerton,  we  have  another  example  of  the  fire  of  the  enthusiastic 
mind  thawing  even  the  snows  of  age,  and  triumphing  over  the  weakness 
and  infirmities  of  life.  Threescore  years  and  ten  have  neither  dimmed  the 
keenness  of  his  eye,  nor  extinguished  the  sparkles  of  his  fancy ;  he  is  still 
ardent  in  hope,  full  of  project,  with  a  mind  looking  before  and  after,  and, 
for  what  we  know,  perhaps  meditating  an  epic  like  Milton,  or  a  romance 
like  Sidney  or  Spenser,*  escaping  from  society  into  the  magnificent  soli- 
tude of  Elysian  gardens,  gazing  upon  ideal  beauty,  and  conversing  with 


•  We  think  the  advice  of  the  Quarterly  Revjpwer  to  Sir  Egerton,  to  edit  a  work  like 
Boyle,  most  unfortunate ;  not  only  becauM  he  moat  hare  perceived  that  Sir  Egerton'a 
feelings  led  him  rather  to  mould  bia  own  ideas  and  conceptions  into  language,  than  to 


Auiobiographif  of  Sir  Egerton  Brydges. 


237 


^ 


ideal  wisdom  ;  this  lie  confesses  to  be  a  part  of  his  nature^  and  the  essence 
of  bis  conformation. 

Everywhere,    in    cverj'   [vage,    there    are   the  aspirinj;    dreams   of  a 
Tiaionary  imagiiiatioii,  and  the  tremulous  sensibility  of  poetic  enthusiasm. 
Id  fact,  in  this  siug;ular  work,  there  are  lofty  conceptions  enough  to  form  a 
Poet,  and  moral  wisdom  enough  to  make  a  Sage.     It  is  a  book  that,  to  be 
estimated,  must  be  read  with  an  honest  and  true  heart  ;  much  must  Ix'  for- 
given, and  much  overlooked.     The  rigid  censor,  or  the  mere  wordlinjr,  will 
find  enongh  to  condemn  or  to  despise  ;   but  iifter  all   that  is  offensive,  and 
all  that  is  ectf ntric  is  removed  from  the  stirface,  there  will  remain  a  know- 
ledge, a  power,  a  feeling,  and  a  perseverance  that  must  inspire  respect  and 
ftdmiration.  We  have,  wel>elieve,  read  almost  all  Sir  Egerton's  works  ;  wc 
possess  most  of  them  ;  and  we  can  honestly  assert,  that  we  never  thought  so 
highly  of  his  talents  before.     We  hesitate  not  to  say,  that  in  these  volumes 
'.are  some  of  the  most  beautiful  passages  that  arc  to  be  found  in  English  prose ; 
■nd  is  it  not  a  great  thing  for  him  to  havf  presi^rved  for  more  than  seventy 
years,  his  genius  and  his  feelings  fresh  and  unpolluted  and  unworn,  amid  the 
lebasing  trafiicof  the  world,  the  anxieties  of  life,  the  inngour  of  age,  and  all 
'  e  evils  incident  to  humanity,   '  Solitude  {he  says)  is  no  terror  to  me,  and 
far  therefore  I  aiuindependent  of  the  world's  injuries.     I  keep  mvown 
lors  •,  the  little  sle^p  I  take  is  by  day ;  and  1  toil  through  the  lung  I'tighta 
X  the  lamp.     Thus  I  work  without  interruptiori  in  the  re[>ose  of  profound 
leoce,     Imjigiitation  supplies  the  want  of  those  material  objects   which 
e  vested  in  the  mantle  of  darkness.  It  is  the  imagination  which  keeps  the 
lieart  in  a  perpetual  flow  of  energetic  emotions.     As  long  as   I  am  in  a 
state  of  clearness    to    pursue  these    evanescent  chares,  the  hours  glide 
away  from  me,  and  existence  is  .satisfactory  and  even   delightful  \n  me,  in 
feeble  ohi   age,  an<l  iu  the  midst  of  sorrows,  privations,  indignities,  and 
ngers.     The^e  solemn  titues  of  night,  which  others  lose  in  sleep,  are 
iotlost  to  me  ;  and  thus  I  arid  to  the  Juration  of  life  beyond  others  of  the 
me  number  of  years.     Of  the  httle  passions  which  tormented  me  in  ray 
dnior  days,  in  common   with  the  multitude,  I  have  overcome  the  greater 
part.     I  believe  that  I  am   mild,  well-wishing,  still   warm  and  energetic, 
with  a  glowing  imagination,  and  a  trembling  heart  ;  not  unenlargcd  in  mv 
"ews  of  society  and  human  nature,  ready  to  be  beloved,  melting  to  kind- 
is,  visiouary  as  a  child,  yet  uot  unskilled  in  life  ;  more  ductile  than  bc- 
nes  my  years  j  more  solitary  than  is  consistent  with  worldly  wisdom.' 
M  we  believe  to  be  a  fair  character  of  our  '  old  man  eloipicut  ;'  and  we 
ly  hope  that  while   musing  ou  the  banks  of  his  beautiful  and  beloved 
kc,  where  the  ftxvtsteps  of  Uousseau  and  of  Byron,  spirit."*  congenial  to 
s  own,  are  yet  seen  ;  that  lake,  for  the  banks  of  which  (ribbon  was  con- 
utcd  to  leave  his  native  shores, — *'  What  time  imperial  Rome  rose  to 
s  view," — and    which   Voltaiie   used  pnnnlly   to  call  h'ls  own; — while' 
ing  on  the  magnificent   scenery  that  guards  and  adonis  it,  we  hope 
Egerton  will  no  lon^^er  remember  the  troul'lcs  and  toils,  and  sorrow 
d  perplexities  which  once  so  thickly  environed  him  ;   that  he  will  not 
rmit  his  philosophic  miad  to  be  for  ever  disturbed  by  the  iajiiriea  he  haa 


licet  ami  arrnn^e  tho»e  of  others,  bnt  because  Sir  Egerton  distincUy  and  repeatedly 
lys,  that  hf  Las  nu  longer  any  wteretl  in  bookt,  and  that  if  lie  had,  where  he  lives, 
uki!  ou  English  literature  are  not  accessible  to  hira.  H>  should  rather  recommend 
HI  to  make  a  ciii-clul  tirlectiiin  of  his  poetical  works,  and  after  au  honeHt  and  judicicms 
ruioii,  to  tra<4t  hh  fame  to  thtiri.  lie  owns  that  he  has  jpveu  up  his  tlfc  to  poetry, 
t,  rewsOD,  if  one  were  wanted,  for  tilliDg  liii  pages  with  poetical  diEcaetion. 


5>^  jyiiitfni/iily  ^8ir  Egertom  Bryiget.  [Match, 


HNM  tW  wl<Mh,  the  nptcloiis,  the  canning,  and  the  fidae.  Let 
v^  ita>lt«i!«r  tixNtt  if  he  will — ^foiget  them— nay,  fo^ve  them— they  are 
•^.  >>>«(n«wtt  v«nBin  of  the  earth,  of  which  Dryden  speaks — 


"  So  Uttle  and  a*  light 


iW  could  not  know  thej  lire — ^bat  that  they  bite.*' 

ttft  h»«  Mobie  spirit  be  as  unmoved  by  them,  as  is  that  glorions  moantun, 
«lkM,lk  H«»  (fvru  now  beholds,  at  the  storms  and  tempests  that  are  howling 
lyuuU  it»  iftant  limbs.  That  it  is  in  his  power  thus  to  collect  his  eneigiesf 
am4  <,^uumaud  the  faculties  of  his  mind,  we  gather  from  the  following  pas- 
M^  in  hia  Memoirs.  "  He  who  belongs  to  the  elect  may  be  entitled  to  be 
h««iil  when  he  speaks  of  himself;  his  temperament,  his  susceptibilities* 
hU  iiitcrnnl  movements  are  quite  distinct  from  those  of  common  mortals ; 
ttiid  i  am  inclined  to  believe  that  were  he  to  persevere  in  a  course  of  on- 
uii»t('^  intellcctualism,  he  might  arrive  at  something  like  the  bright  facul- 
lUm  of  an  unalloyed  spirit ;  but  he  must  totally  withdraw  himself  from  all 
Iho  unliiiury  means  of  human  subsistence  and  occupation,  and  from  all  the 
bad  |Mirtiuna  of  her  mean  passions.  I  am  not  sure  that  such  a  state  could 
ovrr  Im)  arrived  at,  for  I  do  not  know  that  it  has  ever  been ;  but  it  does 
lutt  Mrem  to  mc  impossible  :  for  J  have  found,  by  a  short  trial  of  two  or  three 
UavN,  my  state  has  been  so  much  exalted  and  idealized,  as  to  make  me  a 
iMMng  of  a  very  different  order.  Then  I  have  relapsed  again,  and  here  lies 
the  doubt,  whether  the  progression  of  such  a  state  can  be  supported  by 
human  weakness.  I  foresee  that  this  paragraph  will  be  considered  as  a 
hviuptom  of  extraordinary  enthusiasm  ;  but  it  is  not  said  lightly  or  aa- 
hUiuualy.  It  makes  me  regret  with  keen  sorrow  the  idle  and  worl41^ 
way  in  which  I  have  passed  my  life.  I  begin  to  be  wise  now  that  it  is  too 
late.  1  do  not  think  that  the  mind  will  exhaust  or  tire,  if  it  is  kept  la 
duts  itxercise,  and  protected  by  extreme  bodily  temperance,  and  by  the  mod 
M|Htre  and  simple  diet.  We  cannot  possibly  exist  without  material  food, 
but  wtt  can  exist  with  inconsiderably  little.  Perhaps  we  may  be  brought  to 
ftrmw  firrml  breath,  and  almost  feed  upon  it.  Then  little  sleep  may  suffice 
fur  111.  and  nearly  the  whole  twenty-four  hours  may  be  spent  in  mental  toil; 
luit  the  iicrvea  must  not  be  disturbed  by  the  cares  of  life,  and  we  must 
fiirift^t  hiininn  sorrows.  This  is  no  poetical  flight,  but  grave  and  sane 
«i|iiiiiim.     Huch  a  philosophy— if  it  be  philosophy — is  consolatory ;   it 

IHHkVM  UN 

'  O'er  all  the  ill*  of  life  Tictorious;' 

dud  I  he  ills  with  me  are  sufficient  to  cause  a  full  and  earnest  demand  for 
It.  1  write  this  in  the  glare  of  broad  day — not  amid  the  mystical  phan- 
loU(«  i'f  the  night ;  but  no  one  who  lowers  himself  to  the  petty  ambition 
mul  lieHiroH,  and  employments  of  the  world,  can  do  much.  If  bis  thoughts 
Niid  fuulings  do  not  imbrute,  they  mingle  heavily  with  earthly  alloy — 
and  \w  becomes  cloudy,  dull,  and  languid.  The  imagination  becomes 
darkiMitMl  by  too  many  gross  material  particles,  and  mean  vexations  poison 
\\\\\  |uire  rnorgics  of  the  heart.  Then  damps  arise,  and  pestilent  vapours 
vvil  I  be  genial  sun."  This  is  perhaps  the  most  extraordinary  passage 
%\\v\  written  by  the  hand  of  one  over  whom  the  shadows  of  more  than 
Mt)Vi«nly  years  have  passed  I 


1835.] 


239 


^H  Character  of  Bunyak. 

The  history  and  genius  of  Btinya«  were  as  much  more  extraor(Jifiary 
than  those  of  Baxter,  as  hie  statimn  and  attaingients  were  inferior.  He  is 
probably  at  the  head  of  unlettered  men  of  genius,  and  perhaps  there  is  no 
other  instance  of  any  man  reacliiiig  fame  from  so  abject  an  origin  :  for  the 
other  extraordinary  mcrt  wlio  have  become  famous  without  education, 
though  they  were  without  what  is  called  learning,  have  had  much  reading 
and  knowledge ;  and  though  they  were  repressed  by  poverty,  were  not, 
like  him,  sullied  by  a  vagrant  aud  disj-epiitable  occupation.  By  his  trade 
of  a  travelling  tinker,  he  was  from  his  earliest  years  placed  in  the  midst  of 
profligacy,  and  mi  the  verge  of  dishonesty.  He  was  for  a  time  a  private 
in  the  ParliHinentary  army,  the  only  iniUtary  service  which  was  likely  to 
tolerate  liif*  sentiments,  and  amend  his  life.  Having  embraced  the  opinions 
of  the  Baptists,  he  was  soon  admitted  to  preach  in  a  community  which  did 
not  recognize  the  distinction  between  the  Clergy  and  the  Laity.*  Evea 
under  the  Protectorate  he  was  harassed  by  some  busy  magistrates,  who 
took  advantage  of  a  Parliamentary  ordinance,  excluding  from  loleratiou 
those  who  maiutmiied  the  unlawfulness  of  infant  baptism. t  But  this 
otliciousncss  was  checked  by  the  spirit  of  the  government ;  atid  it  was  not 
till  the  return  of  intolerance  with  Charles  11.,  that  the  sufferings  of  Bunyan 
egan.  Within  five  months  after  the  restoration,  he  was  apprehended 
ider  the  statute  of  tlie3."ilhof  Elizabeth,  and  was  thrown  into  prison,  or 
""  into  a  dungeon  at  Bedford,  v\here  he  remained  for  12  years.  The 
tives  of  his  life  exhibit  renmrkabtc  speciuiens  of  the  acuteness  and 
fortitude  with  which  he  withstood  the  threats  and  snares  of  the  nvagis- 
trates  and  clergymen,  and  attorneys,  who  beset  him.  He  foiled  them 
io  every  contest  of  argument,  especially  in  that  which  relates  to  the  inde- 
pendence of  religion  and  civil  authorityt  which  he  cxjKiunded  with  clear- 
ness and  exactness,  for  it  was  a  subject  on  which  his  naturally  vigorous 
mind  was  better  educated,  by  his  habitual  meditations,  than  it  coidd  have 
been  by  the  most  skilful  instructor.  In  the  year  after  his  apprehension,  he 
made  some  informal  applications  for  relief  to  the  Judges  of  Assize,  to 
whom  his  petition  was  presented  by  his  wife,  who  was  treated  hy  one  of 
them  (Twisden)  with  brutal  insolence.  His  colleague.  Sir  Matthew 
Hale,  listened  to  her  with  patience  and  goodness,  atid  with  consolatory 
compassion  pointed  out  to  her  the  only  legal  means  of  obtaining  redress. 
It  is  a  singular  gratification  thus  to  find  a  human  character,  which,  if  it  be 
loct  in  the  most  obscure  recess  of  the  history  of  a  bad  time,  is  seen  to 
display  some  new  excellence.  The  conduct  of  Hale  on  this  occasion  can 
be  ascribed  only  to  strong  and  pure  benevolence,  for  he  woa  unconscious  of 
Bunyan's  genius,  he  dishked  preaching  mechanics,  and  he  partook  the 
general  prejudice  against  Anabaptists.  In  the  long  years  which  followed, 
the  time  of  Bunyan  was  divided  between  the  manufacture  of  lace,  which 
he  learned  in  ord^r  to  support  his  fanuly,  and  the  composition  of  those 
works  which  have  given  celebrity  to  his  sufferings.  He  was  at  lengtii  re- 
leased in  1672  by  Barlow,  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  but  not  till  the  timid  pre- 
late had  received  an  injunction  from  the  Lord  Chaucellor:^  to  that  effect. 


•  Ivimy's  Life  of  Bunvau. 

t  Scbobell't  Ordinantres,  mp.  1 1-1,  22d  April,  1648. 

Z  ProlMbly  Lord  SfaHftesbur)',  who  received  the  Great  Seal  in  Not.  16* 


^4l|i  MmMmlMk's  Hidwieal  ChmweUn.  [Maich, 

Hf  u-auni  kiaMelf  of  the  iiida%nce  of  James  II.,  withoat  trastiag  it, 
httr.  Jrv^*.  jn«i4e9tetj  in  the  last  year  of  that  Prince's  government.  His 
y*'Hr'^*  "  IV^cress.  an  allqtorkal  repwaentation  of  the  CalTioistic  theology, 
t«  ir«c  iM«n^  reaiicn  only  amo^  those  of  that  persoasion,  gradually 
^uMfiX^i  trvm  this  narnnr  circle,  and  by  the  natural  power  tA  imagina- 
t»nt  o««r  the  nncorrapted  feelings  of  the  majority  of  manldnd,  at  Iragth 
n««lM  Ki«tHHon  Crusoe  in  popnlarity.  The  bigots  and  persecntors  snak 
\«^t  «>Mivt\m  :  the  scolit  of  wits*  and  worldlings  were  onavmling ;  while, 
«lVr  tho  Lii|i«e  of  a  century,  the  ot^ect  of  their  cruelty  and  scorn  touched 
tW  iHiettcal  fvmpathy,  as  well  as  the  piety,  of  Cowper.f  His  genios  sab- 
4«w<d  the  opposite  prejodices  of  Johnson  and  of  Franklin,  and  his  naoM 
hss  heen  uttered  in  the  same  breath  with  those  of  Spenser  and  Dante. 

Babclay. 

Of  tki>9e  who  ftrst  systematiied,  and  perhaps  insensibly  softened  the 
Quaker  Creetl,  was  Barclay,  a  gentleman  of  Scotland,  in  his  Apology  for 
thr  Qtinkci;».  .\  masterpiece  of  ingenious  reasoning,  and  a  model  of  aign- 
»u'nt;iti\e  compositioo,  which  extorted  praise  from  Boyle,^  one  of  the 
niwt  acute  and  least  fanatical  ^  men. 

Pkxj*. 

lliemostdistinguished  of  their  (the  Quakers)  converts  was  WiUiamPenn, 
whose  father.  Admiral  Sir  William  Penn,  bad  been  a  personal  friend  of  the 
Kiitg.  and  one  of  his  instructors  in  na^id  affairs.  This  admirable  person 
had  employed  his  great  abilities  in  support  of  civil  as  well  as  religions 
liberty,  aud  had  both  acted  and  suffered  (or  them  under  Charles  II.  Even 
it  he  had  not  founded  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  as  an  everlasting 
memi>rial  of  his  love  of  freedom,  his  actions  and  writings  in  England  would 
have  been  enough  to  absolve  him  from  the  charge  of  intending  to  betray 
the  rights  of  his  countrymen.  But  though  the  friend  of  Algernon  Sidney,|| 
be  had  uever  ceased  to  intercede,  through  his  friends  at  Court,  for  the  per- 
secuted. An  absence  of  two  years  in  America,  and  the  occupation  of  his 
miud,  had  probaUy  loosened  his  connection  with  English  politicians,  and 
rendered  him  less  acquainted  with  the  principles  of  the  government.  On 
the  accession  of  James,  he  was  received  by  Uiat  Prince  with  favour,  and 
hopes  of  indulgence  to  his  suffering  brethren  were  early  held  out  to  him. 
He  was  soon  admitted  to  terms  of  i^parent  intimacy,  and  was  believed  to 
possess  such  influence,  that  two  hundred  sopplicanis  were  often  seen  at 
his  gates,  imploring  his  intercession  wiUi  the  King,  lliat  it  really  was 
great,  appears  from  his  obtaining  a  promise  of  pardon  for  his  friend  Mr. 
Locke,  which  that  illustrious  man  declined,  because  he  thought  the  accept- 
ance would  be  a  confession  of  criminality.^  He  appears  in  1679,  by  his 
influence  on  James,  when  in  Scotland,  to  have  obtained  the  release  of  all 
the  Scottish  Quakers  who  were  imprisoned  ;  and  he  obtained  the  release  of 
manv  hundred  Quaker  prisoners  in  England,  as  well  as  letters  from  Lord 
Sundcrliind  to  the  Lord  Lieutenants  in  England  for  favour  to  hb  persua- 
sion, several  months  before  the  declaration  of  indulgence.     It  was  no 


*  Iludibras.     Port  I.  canto  ii.  p.  409,  &c. 
t  **  Oh  1    thou,  who  borne  on  Fancy's  eager  wing,"  &c. 
J  Sf*  Nouvelles  de  la  Republiqae  des  Lettres.     Avril,  1684. 
II  Clarkiton'i  Life  of  Penn,  I.  p.  248. 
§  See  C'larkdon's  Life  of  Penn,  I.  p.  433—438. 
2 


Mncklntosh's  Historical  Characters. 


MOiider  that  he  sbonld  be  gained  over  by  this  power  nf  doing  good.  The 
very  occupations  in  which  he  was  engaged,  hruught  daily  before  his  raiiul 
the  general  evils  of  intolerance,  and  the  BuQeriiigs  of  his  own  unfortunate 
brethren.  Though  well-stored  wiilt  useful  and  ornamental  knowledge,  lie 
was  unpractised  in  the  wiles  of  the  court,  and  liis  education  had  not  trained 
b'm  to  dread  the  violation  of  principle,  so  much  ns  to  (lity  the  iiiHictton  of 
«ulfL'ring.  It  cannot  be  doubti-d  that  he  believed  the  King's  object  to  be 
iiniversul  liberty  iu  religion,  and  nothing  farther.  His  own  sincere  piety 
taught  him  to  consider  religions  liberty  as  unspeakably  the  highest  of 
human  privileges^  and  he  was  too  just  not  to  be  desirous  of  bestowing  on 
all  other  men  that  which  he  most  earnestly  sought  for  hinisctf.  He,  who 
refused  to  employ  force  in  the  most  just  defence,  felt  a  singular  abhorrence 
of  its  existence  to  prevent  gooii  men  from  following  t!ie  dictates  of  their 
conscience.  Such  seemed  to  be  the  motives  which  iuchned  this  excellent 
man  to  lend  himself  to  the  measures  of  the  King.  Compiisaion^  Iriend- 
fihip.  lil>erality,  and  tohnuue  k'd  him  to  support  a  system  of  which  the 
success  would  have  undone  his  country,  and  afforded  a  remarkable  proof 
that  in  the  com[)Iicatcd  combinations  of  political  muralily,  a  vktue  tnis- 
placed  may  produce  <is  much  mischief  as  a  vice.  'I'he  Dutch  Minister  re- 
presents the  arch-Quaker  as  travelling  over  the  kingdom  to  gain  proselytes 
to  the  dispensing  power.  Duncombe,  a  banker  in  London,  and  (it  must 
injustice,  though  in  sorrow,  be  added)  Pcnn,  were  the  two  Protestant 
counsellors  of  l^ord  Sutherland.  Hcuceforwaid  it  became  necessary  for 
the  friends  uf  liberty  to  deal  with  him  as  an  enemy,  to  be  resisted  whcu 
lis  associates  werc  iu  power,  and  watched  after  they  had  lost  it. 

WILLIAM    TME    riHST, 

The  Honse  of  Nassau  stood  conspicuous,  at  the  dawn  of  modern  history, 
lamong  the  noblest  of  the  ruling  families  in  (Scrmnny.     In  the  13th  cen- 
[tury  Adolphus  of  Na.ssaii  succeeded  Ro<Jolph  of  Hupsburg  iu  the  imperial 
[crown,  the  highest  dignity  of  the  Chri^tiaD  world,     A  branch  of  this 
'mncient  honse  acquired   ample  pusfiessions  iu   the  Netherlands^  together 
with  the  principality  of  Omuge  in  Provence  5  and  under  Charles  the  Fifth, 
jVl  illiain  of  Nassau  was  the  nvoat  potent  Lord  of  the  Burgundtan  provinces. 
iiducated  in  the  palace  and  almost  iu  the  chamber  of  the  Eaii>cror,  he  was 
^nominated   in   the  earliest  years  of  his   manhood   to  the  goveniment  of 
Holland  and  the  cnmrnaiid  of  the  Imperial  Army,  by  that  sagacious  inn- 
narcb,  who,  in  the  memorable   solemriity  of  abdication,  leant  upon    his 
ahouldcr  as  the  first  of  his  Belgiun  eubjects.     The  same  emiuent  qualities 
which  recommended  him  to  the  confidence  of  Charles,  awaked  the  jealousy 
I       of  Philip  the  Second,  whose  anger  breaking  through  all  the  restraints  of 
^Bllis  wonted  simulation,  burst  into  furious  reproaches  against  the  Prince  of 
^HOrunge,  as  the  fomenter  of  the  resistance  of  the  Flemings,  to  the  deslruc- 
^BtJon  of  their  privileges.     Among   the  three  rulers  who  perhaps    uncon- 
^V^iously  Were  stirred  uj)  at  the  sauie  moment  to  preserve  the  civil  aitd  reli- 
gious liberties  of  mankind,  W'ilham  the  FirHt  must  be  owned  to  have  wanted 
the  brilliant  and  attractive  qnalities  of  Henry  the  Fourth,  and  to  have 
yielded  to  the  comraaudiog  genius  of  Elizabeth  j   but  his  principles  were 

I  more  inflexible  than  those  of  the  amiable  liero,  and  his  mind  was  undis- 
iturbed  by  the  infirmities  and  passions  which  lowered  the  illustrious  Queen, 
'^'hough  he  jierfonned  great  actions  with  v^eaker  means  than  theirs^  bis 
Course  was  more  unspotted.  Faithful  to  the  King  of  Spain  as  long  as  the 
preservation  of  the  Commonwealth  allowed,  he  couuselled  the  Duchess  of 
Gent,  Mag.  Vol.  111.  2  I 


^"uo 


JftcBociM  i  ir:jrnr*=i*    'iirxr.-rT.  'Mmi^ 


1,^,^.    5^,  -,   Mjj  -iimn-T    n  u?   r-ru:  i?=r^ir::t'ii#  i«;   -anHnisti  liu  warn 

»  ra  1.--  i_!-^*"'--  »-rj  Jtal-  uti  ijiiZiiU':-  "l.  i.-jer-i  "a.;  pnriiisn  «l 
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-.*':;::•  nrtffi  n  =— Ilj.^:  v-a-'nia.  K  nn'-ri  "aii  ^r-^iunisa  if  ae  •Jji.'rajibc 
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:-  ::  :r  ui*  ^ani  a  ".  -ix;:«-*-=if  sucuir—  ijii  •au  ^-sosr  ic  ^si:  U9«f 
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i-<A-:.  '.JbsrjrjTJin.  <£  ai*  C-<iaiiiujL«^aiC3. 


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iiiU^ii'ti'  ^jin  ir.t'a  L.fi  nfaf*"     u'r   i^  r   vruiruc  kiiiumc  tcsko.  iloi 

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"Jii'-.i  "..•  iii:r;<tii. 

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•L  ■•*  :  ii-:l.:.:*-":-lti-i:.  v  i:i:'l  vt*  «■  i:i— t.--  7'ii:-aiit  auc  nxiBiispM»d. 
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•:  «:i.~f.   r»i-r  lit.   1.  uu*.  laM. 


t*W  ,U.tJf    /jiii'    fd/  ^ 


1835.] 


243 


CASTLES  OF  6WENT  AND  DfFED.    No.  I. 


CA8TLB  OP   OOHORE. 


mtk  a  Plan. 


THE  Castle  of  Ogmore,  in  the 
coanty  of  Glamorgan,  is  situate  apon 
the  left  bank  of  t£e  Ewenny,  about  a 
hundred  yards  above  its  junction  with 
the  Ogmore  river,  and  a  mile  and  a 
half  or  two  miles  above  the  exit  of 
their  combined  streams  into  the  Bris- 
tol Channel. 

These  rivers  are  in  summer  usually 
low,  but  subject  to  occasional  floods, 
more  especially  the  Ogmore,  by  far 
the  more  impetuous  of  the  two. 

The  valley  in  the  gorge  of  which 
the  Castle  stands,  descending  from 
the  interior  of  the  country,  is  formed 
on  the  north  by  the  high  land  of 
Bridgend  and  Merthyr  Mawr,  and 
the  sand-hills  of  Newton,  and  on  the 
south  by  the  ridge  on  which  Mr.  Tur- 
berrille's  park  of  Ewenny  is  placed, 
and  which  terminates  towards  the  sea 
in  the  celebrated  quarries  of  Sutton. 
The  opposite  ridges,  and  the  interven- 
ing valley,  are  formed  of  mountain 
limestone  and  its  subordinate  rocks, 
and  present  in  a  very  remarkable  de- 
gree the  fissures  and  subterranean  ca- 
vities which  characterize  such  forma- 
tions. 

The  castle  and  manor  of  Ogmore 
{WiMiek  Ogwr)  were  granted,  anno 
1091,  by  Fitz-Hamon  to  William  dc 
Londres,  whose  name  stands  at  the 
top  of  the  twelve  feudatories,  among 
whom,  together  with  the  British  Einon, 
the  newly-acquired  lands  of  Morganne 
were  divided. 

The  manor  contained  four  knight's 
lees,  and  seems  to  have  included  the 
present  manor  of  Dunraven,  which, 
together  with  a  castle,  was  granted 
by  de  Londres  to  his  faithful  servant 
Sir  Arnold  Butler.  At  the  time  of 
this  gift,  de  Londres  had  acquired,  by 
conquest  from  the  Welsh,  the  lordship 
of  Kydwelhy  and  Carnewilhion,  in 
tfic  county  of  Caermarthen. 

William  de  Londres  was  succeeded 
by  his  son  William,  and  he  by  Mau- 
rice de  Londres,  who  seems  to  have 
been  the  founder  of  Ewenny  Abbey,* 
the  oldest  part  of  which  is  of  Norman 

*  See  his  tomb  engraved  in  Gent.  Mag. 
fur  July  1831,  p.  17. 


work.f  Maoiice  left  a  daughter,  who 
married  "  Seward,  a  rich  man,"  by 
whom  she  left  also  a  daughter,  who 
married  Henry  Earl  of  Lancaster,  and 
had  issue  Henry  the  Duke  of  that 
name,  who  thus  became  possessed  of 
the  manors  of  Ogmore,  Kidwelhy, 
and  Carnewilhion,  which  became  par- 
cel of  the  duchy. 

Leland,  who  seems  to  have  visited 
the  Castle,  speaks  of  it  as  "  longing 
to  the  King,  and  meetly  well  repaired." 

The  neighbouring  down  still  belongs 
to  the  Crown,  as  parcel  of  the  duchy; 
but  the  Castle  itself  is  the  property  of 
the  Right  Hon.  Sir  John  NichoU,  of 
Merthyr- Mawr. 

We  shall  commence  the  description 
of  the  Castle  with  the  external  de- 
fences. The  whole  work  is  surround- 
ed by  a  moat  in  the  form  of  a  figure 
of  3,  the  connexion  between  the  three 
points  of  the  figure  being  kept  up  by 
the  neighbouring  river,  from  whence 
also  the  rest  of  the  moat  was  anciently 
supplied  with  water.  This  moat  va- 
ries in  depth  from  twenty  to  thirty 
feet,  and  is  about  fifty  feet  in  width. 

Tlie  eastern  of  the  islands  thus 
formed  is  occupied  by  the  Castle  it- 
self, the  western  by  something  be- 
tween a  homestead  and  an  outwork, 
partaking  of  the  characters  of  both. 
The  connexion  between  the  two  is 
kept  up  by  one  of  two  causeways. 

Entering  the  oulvoork  from  the  west, 
we  pass  over  the  first  of  these  cause- 
ways, consisting  of  a  solid  bank  of 
earth,  about  five  and  twenty  feet  long 
by  twelve  broad,  which  passes  across 
the  outer  moat ;  and  through  a  cutting 
in  a  bank  thrown  up  as  a  defence  on 
its  inside,  we  then  enter  upon  a  flat 
piece  of  sward,  rather  less  than  a 
quarter  of  an  acre  in  extent,  and  de- 
fended on  the  east,  west,  and  south, 
by  the  moat,  and  on  the  north  by  the 
somewhat  precipitous  bank  of  the  river. 

On  the  northern  side  of  this  indo- 

t  Leland,  and  Parmer  following  him, 
attribute  this  foundation  to  John  de  Lon- 
dres ;  but  no  such  person  appears  in  the 
pedigree,  which  there  is  every  reason  for 
supposing  to  be  substantially  correct. 


244 


Ogmore  tkutle,  GlamorgoMthhre. 


[Mardi, 


sure,  afe  the  walls  of  a  cottage  of  the 
better  sort,  the  stone  wiadow  cases 
and  pointed  doorframe  remaining  per- 
fect. There  is  a  fireplace  at  the  west- 
ern end,  and  at  the  eastern  is  a  sort  of 
rude  trilithon,  of  comparatively  mo- 
dem date,  upon  which,  as  we  were 
informed,  the  court  for  the  hundred 
is  still  held. 

Proceeding  from  the  entrance, 
straight  across  this  inclosure,  we  pass 
a  second  moat  over  a  causeway,  simi- 
lar in  all  respects  to  the  last.  Upon 
the  opposite  edge  of  this  moat  are  the 
main  buildings  of  the  Castle  ;  and  the 
causeway  terminates  before  the  en- 
trance portal. 

The  Castle,  upon  which  we  are 
about  to  enter,  and  which  occupies 
the  eastern  limb  of  the  3,  consists  of 
a  gatevfoif,  kefp,  buttrea$'tower,  eurtam- 
toalU,  lodgingt,  and  a  court. 

The  gateway,  keep,  and  about  30 
feet  of  the  most  elevated  part  of  tiie 
curtain,  extend  from  south  to  north 
along  the  western  front,  in  the  order 
in  which  we  have  enumerated  them. 
The  northern  or  that  towards  the  ri- 
ver, is  defended  by  a  wall,  now  level 
with  the  soil  within,  and  not  more 
than  she  or  eight  feet  high  without. 
The  eastern  side,  ascending  from  the 
river,  is  faced  by  a  curtain  about  20 
feet  high,  containing  a  postern,  now 
walled  up,  and  a  small  buttress  tower. 
The  south-eastern  and  southern  cur- 
tains, inclining  to  each  other  at  an 
angle  of  about  40°,  are  much  battered, 
and  present  several  breaches,  and  the 
space,  about  thirty  feet,  between  the 
west-south-western  point  of  this  cur- 
tain and  the  gateway,  presents  nothing 
but  an  obscure  line  of  foundation. 

The  lodgings,  if  such  they  were, 
exist  only  as  foundations,  and  seem 
to  have  been  chiefly  attached  to  the 
eastern  wall. 

The  gatewoff,  to  return  to  otir  origi- 
nal position,  remains  only  as  an  iso- 
lated mass  of  masonry,  barely  suffi- 
cient to  support  its  contained  arch ; 
it  does  not  appear  even  to  have  boast- 
ed a  tower,  but  to  have  been  a  simple 
perforation  in  the  wall,  like  that  at 
Newcastle  juxta  Bridgend,  only  with 
a  slight  thickening  of  the  wall. 

The  gate  is  unprovided  with  either 
-portcullis  or  stockade;  but  the  gate 
having  been  folding,  a  recess  has  ^n 
cut  in  the  vault,  to  admit  each  leaf  to 


lie  open ;  and  on  the  north  side  is  a 
niche  besides.  The  arch  is  pointed, 
and  probably  'early  English.' 

The  gateway  is  separated  from  the 
keep  by  an  interval  of  about  twelve 
feet,  and  the  opposing  masonry  ot  that 
building  is  perfectly  smooth. 

The  ketp  is  a  lofty  quadrangular 
building,  obbng  north  and  south,  and 
measuring  30  feet  by  50,  with  walls 
of  about  eight  feet  thick.  It  is  di- 
vided into  a  ground-floor  and  two  up- 
per stories,  accessible  only  by  a  well 
stair,  which,  with  an  additional  cham- 
ber, occupies  a  turret,  quadrangular 
below,  and  nearly  circular  above, 
which  caps  the  north-western  ang^ 
of  the  building. 

The  st^Ie  of  the  keep  is  Norman, 
and  it  is  m  tolerable  preservation,  ex- 
cepting that  the  angle  diagonal  to  the 
turret,  the  south-eastern,  is  in  ruins ; 
and  the  door,  probably  towards  the 
south,  has  disappeared  along  with  it. 

The  ground -floor  has  been  a  damp, 
gloomy  chamber,  receiving  light  from 
the  door,  and  from  a  small  window, 
now  much  shattered,  towards  the 
north,  and  leading  by  a  small  round- 
headed  door  into  the  stair,  and  thence 
into  the  chamber  above.  The  ceiling 
of  this  floor  was  of  wood,  and  has  of 
course  long  since  disappeared. 

Ascending  the  well  stair  about  13 
steps,  and  passing  a  loop-hole  to  the 
right,  we  arrive  at  two  doors ;  that  on 
the  left  leading  into  the  turret  cham- 
ber, that  on  the  right  opening  upon 
the  first  story  of  the  keep.  This  story 
is  about  30  feet  in  height,  and  is  light- 
ed by  two  small  windows  to  the  west, 
and  two  large  ones  to  the  north  and 
south.  These  are  all  round-headed, 
and  perfectly  plain.  Between  the 
nearest  of  these  western  windows  and 
the  door  (which,  it  should  be  observed, 
projects,  the  angle  of  the  chamber 
being  filled  up,  to  contain  the  well 
stair,)  is  a  large  fire-place,  supported 
by  two  plain  Norman  columns,  of 
which  the  capitals  and  upper  part  of 
the  shafts  remain  ;  the  pedestals  and 
lower  portion  of  the  shaft,  together 
with  the  arch  or  impost,  or  whatever 
it  may  have  been,  have  fallen  away. 
The  walls  of  this  chamber  are  about 
six  feet  thick. 

The  left-hand  door,  before  mention- 
ed, leads  along  a  short  and  very  nar- 
,  row  passage  to  a  turret  chamber  five 


Ogmore  Castle,  Glamorganshire. 


I 


feet  by  eight,  with  a  loop  opening  to 
Ihp  west,  and  another  to  the  south, 
enfilading  the  gateway-  The  northern 
eide  of  this  chamber  is  occupied  by  a 
drain,  which  communicates  with  a 
iargc  arched  vault,  occupying  the  base- 
ment of  the  turret,  and  probably  open- 
ing into  the  river  below. 

A:scending  a  few  niore  turns  of  the 
«tair.  and  passing  another  loop-hole, 
we  arrive  at  the  second  story,  of  equal 
height  with  the  last,  but  somewhat 
larger,  from  the  thinning  off  of  the 
wai).  forming  a  ledge  of  about  a  foot 
in  depth,  upon  which  the  floor  for- 
merly rested.  The  door  enters  this 
chamber  obliquely,  borrowing  about  a 
fool  from  the  substance  of  the  north- 
ern wall.  This  chamber  is  lighted  by 
a  large  round-headed  window  to  the 
north,  and  a  second  to  the  west,  and 
has  a  fireplace  exactly  above,  though 
much  smaller  than  the  last,  the  f]ue  of 
which  runs  up  behind  this  to  the  bat- 
tlement. 

The  chamber  of  the  tower  corre- 
sponding to  this  story,  is  rather  larger 
than  that  below.  The  windows  lie  to 
the  south  and  east.  The  drainage  of 
this  chamber,  descending  on  the  north 
side,  passes  behind  the  last,  into  which 
it  finally  fail.s. 

At  this  chamber  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  turret  ceases,  terminating 
in  a  sort  of  rude  dome ;  while  the 
staircase,  which  is  formed  in  the  wall 
itself,  and  the  remainder  of  the  turret, 
ia  continued  to  the  battlement.  The 
summit  is  rugged  and  overgrown,  but 
no  traces  of  the  crencllalions  were 
visible  from  bolow.  The  newel,  and 
IQ  many  places  the  steps  of  the  well 
stair,  have  disappeared. 

There  arc  marks  of  a  gahle  upon 
the  north  face  of  the  keep,  ascending 
high  as  the  top  of  the  first  story, 
as  though  a  building  had  formerly 
existed  on  that  side,  which  seems  in- 
deed most  probably  to  have  been  the 
caae,  although  even  its  foundations 
are  no  longer  visible. 

The  two  oblomj  buildimja,  the  foun- 
dations of  which  remain  abutting 
against  the  eastern  curtain,  were 
^^  possibly  lodgings ;  but  it  would  be 
^H  idle  to  speculate  upon  the  uses  of 
^^^buildings,  the  foundations  of  which 
^^■■M  scarcely  discernible. 
^H&  fthe  entrance  to  the  single  chamber 
^Bcootained  in  the  hnttrvu  tower  is  ob- 


( 

I 


lique,  and  not  above  two  feet  wide. 
I'he  chamber  itself  is  small,  and  con- 
tains two  loops,  one  towards  the  east, 
overlooking  the  ditch,  and  the  other 
towards  the  south,  enfilading  the  cur- 
tain. There  is  not  room,  however,  in 
this  chamber  to  draw  a  bow.  The 
drain  is  towards  the  east. 

There  are  marks  along  the  inside  of 
the  south-eastern  curtain,  as  though 
it  had  given  support  to  a  building  ;  it 
is  perforated  by  a  loophole.  This  line 
of  defence  is  now  about  twenty,  and 
was  probably  never  more  than  thirty 
feet  in  height. 

Between  the  south-east  angle  of  the 
keep  and  the  buttress  tower,  a  wall 
seems  tu  have  extended  dividing  the 
court  into  a  northern  and  southern,  or 
inner  and  outer  balliuni,  thereby  guard- 
ing against  surprise.  These  courts 
are  at  present  occupied,  the  inner  by 
a  garden  and  the  outer  by  a  pasture. 
The  interior  of  the  keep  is  choked  up 
by  elder-trees,  and  further  obscured 
by  a  small  hovel. 

Beyond  the  moat,  upon  a  sort  of 
glacis  towards  the  east,  is  a  slight  de- 
pression, which  seems  to  have  been 
the  well.     It  is  now  nearly  filled  up. 

The  walls  of  this  Castle  arc  perfo- 
rated by  those  curious  holes  frequently 
remaining  in  ancient  buildings,  and 
which  appear  to  have  supported  the 
original  scaffold. 

The  material  of  which  the  Ca.st.le  ia 
constructed  is  chiefly  mountain  lime- 
stone, and  has,  with  occasional  rolled 
fragmcnta  of  sandstone  cemented  to- 
gether, a  kind  of  mortar  very  inferior 
tolhnt  used  at  Caerphilly. 

Upon  reviewing  carefully  this  Cas- 
tle, the  antiquary  will  probably  refer 
its  buildings  to  two  very  distinct  pe- 
riiHls,  The  keep  and  its  angular  but- 
tress are  evidently  Norman,  and  were 
probably  erected  by  William  de  Lon- 
dres,  the  original  grantee  under  Fitz- 
tlamon,  in  or  about  the  year  1091. 
The  eastern  horseshoe  moat  is  proba- 
bly of  the  same  date,  and  perhaps 
part  of  the  curtain  wall.  We  should 
be  inclined  to  refer  the  gateway,  re- 
mainder of  the  moat,  and  greater  part 
of  the  present  curtain  and  buttress 
tower,  to  a  period  later  by  a  century  ; 
and  the  cottage,  to  the  ruins  of  which 
we  have  referred,  ia  probably  of  the 
time  of  Elizabeth,  or  a  little  earlier, 
unless  indei^d   its  doorway  has  been 


i 


^46 


Thi  lat€  Dr.  Dmrjf,  qf  Harrow. 


[>farcb. 


Uk«tt  from  the  ralos  of  the  Castle, 
«uU  ioterpofatfcd  at  a  subsequent  pe- 
riw). 

Near  to  the  river,  upon  the  oppo- 
»it»  bank,  below  the  junction,  it  a 
caittellated  manor  house,  called  in 
Welsh  THcAan/or,  '  the  sUtion  of  the 
three  hundred.'  from  a  notion  proba* 
bly  of  its  having  been  a  sort  of  out- 
|M>st  to  Ogmore.  Its  modem  name  is 
Candleston.  The  mass  or  the  present 
structure  is  not  very  ancient,  but  in 
one..'of  the  bed-rooms  is  a  curious  and 
rather  handsome  arch,  feathered  and 
crocketted,  and  with  pinnacles  in  the 
'  decorated  English  style,'  which,  with 
the  wall  against  which  it  rests,  may 
be  safely  referred  to  the  14th  century. 

Upon  the  summit  of  the  neighbour- 
ing hill  of  Merthyr  Mawr,  above  the 
hospitable  mansion  of  Sir  J.  NichoU, 
is  a  circular  British  encampment,  part 
of  the  enceinte  of  which  is  formed  by 


a  tremendous  natural  abyss '  in  the 
limestone  rock.  Within  the  indosure 
are  the  ruins  of  an  old  chapel  and  two 
singular  and  very  ancient  tombstones, 
which,  if  very  carefully  examined, 
might  perhaps  throw  some  light  upon 
the  age  of  those  curious  obelisks  or 
upright  stones  which  are  found  in  va- 
rious parts  of  the  kingdom,  seeing  that 
there  is  upon  each  of  these  a  tolerably 
legible  Laiin  inscription,  and  that  they 
are  surrounded  by  crosses  in  the  Mal- 
tese fashion,  while  the  back  and  sides 
exactly  resemble  in  decoration  the 
stones  above  alluded  to  ;  of  which  it 
may  be  observed,  that  there  is  a  very 
fine  one  in  the  churchyard  of  Rothley 
in  Leicestershire,  on  which  also  may 
be  traced  the  Maltese  cross. 

A  bird's-eye  view  of  Ogmore  Castle 
will  be  given  on  a  subsequent  occa- 
sion, together  with  one  of  Newcastle, 
in  the  same  county.  G.  T.  C. 


THE  LATE  REV.  DR.  DRURY. 


Refleciion$  oeeomoNed  btf  tht  Mtmmr  tf 
the  Life  qf  Dr.  Joseph  Dnaj,  for- 
merly Head-master  of  Harrow,  a$ 
given  in  the  Annual  Obituary  and 
Biography  for  \S3&.  06;  ^.JD.  1834, 
afat.  84. 

"  Nam  vetas  quidem  ilia  doctrina  ea- 
dem  videtor,  et  recti  faeiendi  et  bene 
dicendi  magistra;  neque  disjunqti  doc- 
tores  ;  sed  iidem  erant  vivendi  pnecep- 
tores  atque  dicendi :  at  ille  apnd  Home- 
rum  Phoenix;  qui  se,  k  Peleo  patre, 
Achilli  juveni  comitem  esse  datum  dicit, 
ad  bellam  ; — ot  ilium  efficeret  oratorem 
verborum,  aetoremque  rentm." — Cic.  de 
Orat.  lib.  iii.  c.  15. 

"  Mv6np  Tt  ^tfr^p'  tpevai,  wfiqKnipa  r» 
2py«ar."-- Iliad,  Homer,  ix.  443. 
THERE  is  not  perhaps  a  single 
county  in  England  wherem  we  shall 
not  find  many  families  who  have  in- 
herited some  landed  estate,  greater  or 
less,  the  possession  of  which,  in  the 
paternal  or  maternal  line,  may  be 
traced  back  for  several  generations. 
Of  these  the  family  of  the  Drurys  in 
Suffolk  and  Norfolk,  whether  at 
Thurston,  Bury  St.  Edmunds,  Rough- 
am,  Ickworth,  or  Hawsted, — in  the 
former  county,— or  of  Lessgyatt  Hall 
in  the  latter,— is  one  instance,  by  no 
means  the  least  remarkable  or  crfe- 
bratcd.     We  are  informed,  f'  'm  ,IBe 


memoir  of  Dr.  Drury's  life  in  the  An- 
nual Obituary  for  this  year  (an  article 
written  with  no  vulgar  pen,  and  af- 
fording internal  evidence  of  authen- 
ticity, fidelity,  and  modesty,)  that  the 
Drurys  of  Hawsted  may  be  traced  up 
even  to  the  Norman  invasion,  —  and 
that  they  have  represented  their  na- 
tive county  for  several  ages  in  Parlia- 
ment. Of  this  stock  was  Sir  W. 
Drury,  Governor  of  Ireland  in  the 
reign  of  Elizabeth,   who  then  sop- 

Eressed  the  rebellion,  and,  with  it,  the 
ouse  of  Desmond  for  ever.  Sir  Drue 
Drurjr,  who  was  nearly  related  by 
marriage  to  Anne  Boleyne,  was  asso- 
ciated with  Sir  Amyas  Pawlett,  as 
joint-guardian  of  the  person  of  the 
Queen  of  Scots,  —  so  unfortunately 
famous.  Of  this  branch  were  also 
the  residents  of  Drury-house  in  Lon- 
don ;  which  was  afterwards  converted 
into  the  street  or  lane,  together  with 
the  theatre,  of  that  name.  Sir  R. 
Drury  of  Roogham,  who  died  in  1622, 
at  the  age  of  82,  (most  of  the  Druries. 
by  the  bye,  as  well  as  the  subject  of 
this  memoir,  lived  to  a  very  advanced 
age.)  was  the  last  possessor  but  one 
of  the  ancient  patrimony,  which  was 
squandered  away  in  the  person  of  his 
grandson.  It  was,  however,  from  a 
younger  son  of  Sir  R.  that  Dr.  Drury 


The  late  Dr.  Drurif,  of  Harrow-, 


247 


traced  his  descent.    Thus  the  '  r«>«  an- 
j       jiuta  domi,  a  most  unsuitable  adjun<^ 
i       to  along-tlrawu  ancvstry,'  desccndfd 
^Mtp  this  representative  of  an   ancient 
^Hbd  hoDourablr  house.     Yet  bad  he 
^^^e  rare  and  blessed  lot  to  be  able  to 
aford  to  his  aged  father,   during   a 
long  thirty  years, — not  only  an  asy- 
Inin  from  the  inclemency  of  his  years 
and   condition,  —  but   every   comfort, 
and  all  the  elegancies,  of  polished  life. 
From  having  been  a  King's  scholar 
at  Westminster  School,  he  proceeded 
to  Trinity  College.  Cambridge,  where 
he    expericoced    the    same    hard    lot 
which    had     befallen    Drs.   Johnson 
and  Parr, — the   being  obliged,  at'ter 
a  few  terms,    to  leave  college,  from 
the    straitened  drcumstances  of  their 
respective  families.     The  reader's  bet- 
ter recollection   may   perhaps   supply 
other   instances   of  the  kind,  —  since 
the  very  supposition  here   made  im- 
plies that  the  parties  became,  after- 
wards, eminent  men.     I  lis  tutor  was 
Bishop  Watson  ;  while  Parr,  thoagh. 
ranked    as    h'm    contemporary,    wa-i 
Fome  years  the  senior  of  Urury.    Still 
the   tutor,    or    rather    master,    after 
whom,    as   a    model,    Driiry    formed 
himself,  was  that  accomplished  scho- 
lar and   gentleman,    the    then   bead- 
tnastcr  of  Harrow,  Dr.  Sumner;  under 
whom  he  was  placed  by  hia  college, 
as  one  of  the  assistant  masters,  for 
three  years,  from  1709  to  1771.  both 
lAclusively.     "  Sumner  was  a  man  of 
the   rooi^t   brilliant   conversation    and 
varied  knowledge"  (see  his  character 
drawn  by  his  great  pupil  Sir  W.  Jones, 
m  the  first  volume  of  his  History  of 
Asiatic   Poetry.)      "  A  high  tone  of 
feeling,  a  most  ready  and  persuasive 
eloquence,  a  richness  of  language,  and 
copiousness  of  illustration,  aided  by  n 
particularly   fine  delivery  and   voic«, 
characterif>ed  alike  Sumner  and  Drury. 
^^Both  equally  excelled    in   suavity   of 
^HinDper  and  elegance  uf  manners,  ac- 
^^bompaoied  with  a  playfulness  of  ima- 
^^pination,  ever  under  the  controul  of 
^^^ood  taste."     But  it  was  to  his  con- 
nection by  marriage  with  the  Heath 
family  (two  of  whom,  brothers,  were 
tespectively  head-master  of  Harrow, 
nd   head-muster  and  cunun  of  Eton 
Windsor,  while  two  other  brn- 
hers  were,  one  the  Admiral,  and  the 
ther  the  Judge  of  that  name,)  it  was 
ring  to  this  by  his  union  with  their 


sister,  a  lady  of  uncommon  and  highly 
cultivated  understanding,  added  to  his 
own  first-rate  qualiticutions  botli  of 
body  and  mind,  togelher  with  the 
joint  exemplary  conduct  and  economy 
of  Mrs.  D.  from  first  to  last,  that  he 
was  not  only  enabled  to  realtie  a  suffi- 
ciently independent  fortune, — but  to 
enjoy  it;  partaking  of  the  olium  rum 
diffnitate,  in  company  with  the  che- 
rished partner  of  his  life,  for  .^0  long 
years  after  his  retirement.  He  had 
been  3d  years  a  master  at  Harrow, 
20  of  them  head-master,  when  he 
resigned  in  the  year  1805. 

With  regard  to  his  system  of  in- 
struction, he  ia  allowed  to  have 
held  a  verj'  even  balance  between  the 
branches  of  classical  attainment ;  for 
the  Greek  language  has  very  much 
taken  the  place  of  Latin  in  our  days. 
He  encouraged  Latin  pmse,  in  which 
his  own  style  was  remarkably  chaste. 
The  English  essay  was  also  a  favou- 
rite exercise  with  him.  It  was  he 
who  introduced  the  practice  of  read- 
ing over  in  public  the  best  of  these 
compoaitions.  Such  was  his  com- 
mand of  temper  and  countenance,  tlmt 
no  boy  ever  saw  him  laugh,  or  excited 
to  anger.  For  hia  system  of  goveru- 
ing  in  his  own  immediate  jurisdiction, 
the  upper  classes,  nncJ  in  some  mea- 
sure throughout  the  whole  school,  may 
be  said  to  have  been  solely  by  opi- 
nion, taste,  and  discourse.  If  hia  style 
of  oratory  had  any  fault,  it  was  that 
which  ia  imputed  to  Cicero  himself, 
and  even  to  Plato, — that  it  verged  oc- 
casionally upon  the  Atiaticum  t}enut 
dirtmli.  His  speeches,  terse  and  flow- 
ing, yet  pure,  might  have  gone  forth 
to  the  public  from  his  lips,  without 
other  preparation.  He  was  gifted  with 
great  acutencss  of  insight  into  the 
minds  of  youth ;  he  knew  well  what 
chorda  to  touch,  what  sensibilities  to 
arouse,  indifferent  individuals.  Again, 
in  his  private  admonitions,  by  words, 
he  was  truly  parental, — serious,  yet 
kind;  discreet,  so  as  not  to  expose  the 
delinquents  even  to  themselves ;  while 
sparing  their  feelings  of  honour  from 
the  public  expression  of  his  displca> 
sure.  Upon  this  point,  see  the 
grateful  homage  rendered  afterwards 
to  him  by  Lord  Byron  in  his  Childe 
Harold,  and  elsewhere,  in  his  works, 
conversations,  or  letters. 

After  hi&  reUrevucuV  Itqvq.  "N^WTiyw 


248 


The  late  Dr.  Driay,  of  Harrow. 


[Marcli, 


being  of  aa  independent  a  mind  aa  he 
was  of  fortune,  he  never  obtained  nor 
asked  for  any  preferment  in  the  charch. 
To  those  favourites  of  fortune  and 
preferment,  who  in  a  bad  t<ute  cer- 
tainly (and  1  fear  not  the  most  liberal 
fteling)  would  now  and  then  invi- 
diously express  their  wonder,  "that 
he  had  been  overlooked  by  the  distri- 
butors of  patronage," — ^he  ever  mildly 
answered,  "  he  could  truly  say  they 
had  never  refused  to  him  any  thing, 
for  he  had  never  asked  any  thing." 
He  accepted  indeed  a  very  small  pre- 
bend, voluntarily  conferred  upon  him 
by  Perceval,  then  first  minister,  as  a 
mere  token  of  what  he  fully  intended 
to  do  ;  to  give  probably  some  dignity 
in  the  church  (and  even  the  very 
highest  Dr.  Drury  would  have  wor- 
thily filled  and  adorned,)  had  not 
this  his  most  excellent  and  only  pa- 
tron been  cut  off  by  the  hand  of  a 
maniac.  Yet  when  we  run  over  the 
illustrious  list  of  statesmen  and  ora- 
tors whom  Drury  had  assisted  in 
forming  to  virtue  and  eloquence,  it  is 
inexcusable  that  some  one  or  other  of 
his  pupils  in  power  did  not  realize  the 
grateful  and  just  intentions  of  Perce- 
val. We  may  remark  in  passing,  that 
if  to  that  illustrious  list  of  Drury'a 
pupils  (given  in  this  memoir  of  the 
'  Obituary,'  up  to  the  date  of  his  resig- 
nation, which  happened  thirty  years 
Ago,)  we  add  that  of  those  who  have 
proceeded  from  Harrow  since,  we 
shall  find  that  this  seminary  (being  one 
only  of  the  five  institutions  for  train- 
ing up  the  sons  of  the  first  nobility 
and  gentry  of  the  realm)  has  produced 
more  than  its  proportion  of  distin- 
guished public  men.  We  need  reckon 
only,  during  the  whole  time  of  Drury, 
from  that  of  Parr,  Sir  Wm.  Jones, 
Sothcby,  Lord  Harrowby,  the  first 
Marquis  of  Hastings,  Brinsley  Sheri- 
dan, Perceval,  and  the  late  Earl  Spen- 
cer, down  to  the  times  of  Byron, 
Ripon,  Aberdeen,  the  present  Earl 
Spencer,  the  Marquis  of  Westminster, 
the  Lords  Duncannon  and  Palmer- 
ston.  Sir  W.  Pepys,  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
the  Lords  Calthorpe,  Lowther,  Burg- 
hersh,  &c.  &c. ;  with  a  host  more, 
whose  names  it  would  be  invidious  to 
mention,  and  a  fatigue  to  copy  out 
even  their  bare  catalogue.  Dr.  Drury 
raised  the  character  of  the  sohool  to 
the  highest  degree  of  eminence ;  and 
3 


the  number  of  its  boys  from  150  to 
between  350  and  400.  But  if,  instead 
of  presiding  over  a  great  public  school, 
he  had  been  placed  over  a  small  city 
or  state,  it  would  not  be  too  much  to 
say,  by  those  who  knew  him,  that  he 
understood  well  how  to  render  it 
great,  flourishing,  and  celebrated. 

The  bare  list,  too,  of  his  acquaint- 
ance, as  given  in  this  memoir,  is  nu- 
merous and  splendid.  He  moved  io 
the  most  polished  circle;  he  was  a 
welcome  guest  in  the  houses  of  the 
great  for  days  and  weeks  at  a  time, 
during  36  years  before  he  retired  to 
Cockwood ;  whenever,  that  is,  the  va- 
cations from  school-business  afforded 
him  leisure.  In  fact,  he  was  then 
truly  at  home  whenever  he  was  in  the 
midst  of  the  best  company.  At  Cock- 
wood  it  was  not  his  custom  to  go 
much  into  general  society.  But  the 
south  coast  of  Devon  drew  ever  into 
his  neighbourhood  and  to  his  house 
/distiuguished  strangers  from  all  parts 
of  the  island,  besides  his  old  and  va- 
lued friends  (pupils  and  others),  states- 
men, lawyers,  and  divines,  who  all 
carried  away  the  most  indelible  recoU 
lections  of  Cockwood  and  of  its  truly 
venerable  owner.  As  a  specimen  of 
his  creative  taste  in  landscape  garden- 
ing, Cockwood  in  Devon  will  be  as 
much  visited  and  celebrated  by  tra- 
vellers and  poets,  as  the  Leasowes  of 
Sbcnstone. 

It  is  to  be  lamented  that,  though 
often  requested,  he  never  could  be 
prevailed  on  to  sit  for  his  bust  or  por- 
trait. He  would  always  assign  some 
whimsical  excuse  or  other ;  but  it  is 
certain  that,  among  other  proofs  of 
his  singular  good  sense  and  sterling 
merit,  he  was  no  less  remarkable  for 
modesty  concerning  himself,  than  for 
a  generosity  and  a  certain  happy  sa- 
gacity in  being  the  first  to  bring  out 
to  notice  the  latent  merit  of  others. 
It  was  this  excellent  man  who  first 
discovered  the  genius  of  Kean  the 
tragedian,  and  who  fixed  him  at 
Drury-lane.  It  is  true  the  genius  of 
Kean  became  fatal  to  its  own  pos- 
sessor ;  the  sunshine  of  universal  ad- 
miration was  too  much  for  him :  but  if 
any  thing  could  save  a  man  from  his 
own  weakness,  or  in  spite  of  himself, 
the  anxious  and  reiterated,  the  most 
pathetic  and  parental  remonstrances 
of  Dr.  Drary  were  not  wanting.    In 


1835.] 


The  late  Dr.  Drury,  of  Harrow. 


249 


the  absence,  however,  of  all  assist- 
ance of  record,  from  the  art?  of  sculp- 
ture and  paiutiu^,  wc  may  find  many 
a  worthy  reminiscence  of  him,  of  liis 
figure  and  mien  {especiuliy  when 
rubcd),  of  his  truly  Grecian  head  and 
featuies,  in  several  of  the  antique 
martiles  and  mc-dals.  In  Rapliacl's 
school  of  Alhenb  at  the  Vatican,  I 
was  always  reminded  of  him  when- 
ever I  contemplated  the  figure  of 
Plato.  And  1  remember,  when  a 
boy  reading  Tom  Jones,  Drury,  tliat 
inudcl  for  youth  lu  t'ortii  itself  by,  as 
well  OS  ith  gunrdian  and  preceptor, 
always  served  in  my  imagination  for 
Allworthy;  and  only  that  Drury  made 
his  owti  fortune,  it  might  alike  have 
been  said  of  both,  m  the  words  of 
Fielding,  "  he  was  the  favourite  of 
nature  and  of  fortune."  But  the 
former  proved  tit  be  inoie  favourable 
to  hiui.  For  nature  had  endowed 
"  him  with  an  agreeable  and  digni- 
fied mien  and  countenance,  a  sound 
constitution,"  (with  length  of  days, 
though  this  belonp  as  much  to  for- 
tune.) a  solid  understanding,  well 
stored  with  knowledge  of  men  and 
books  ;  and  what  is  the  best  of  all,  a 
benevolent,  virtuous,  and  unaffectedly 
religious,  heart.  Allworthy  indeed 
was  so  far  unintJebtcd  to  fortune,  that 
he  lost  very  early  the  wife  of  his  youth, 
and  died  childless.  But  in  other  re- 
spects we  may  pursue  the  parallel. 
particularly  as  to  the  character  of  their 
taste,  as  shown  in  their  country  resi- 
dences. Nothing  ia  i^aid  in  this  me- 
moir (given  in  the  '  Obituary')  of  the 
mansion  house  at  Cockwood.  1  like 
therefore  to  imagine,  that  if  it  were 
not  built  by  him.  yet  in  its  additions 
or  decorations,  if  he  made  any,  that 
these  must  have  been,  from  his  known 
taste,  in  the  Gothic  style,  the  domestic 
or  English  style,  as  it  is  called,  of 
architecture ;  and  further,  that  from 
that  good  sense,  as  well  as  grjod  taste, 
which  pervaded  whatever  he  did  or 
wrote  or  said,  that,  to  use  Field- 
ing's words,  "  it  was  as  commodious 
within  as  it  was  venerable  without. 
The  mansion  of  Allworthy  stood  on 
the  south-east  side  of  a  hill,  but 
nearer  the  bottom  than  the  top  of  it ; 
BO  as  to  be  well  sheltered.  A  fine 
lawn  sloped  down  towards  the  bouse. 
A  river  for  several  miles  was  seen  to 
meander  through  an  amazing  variety 
{ir..NT.  Ma<,.  \'ot,.  III. 


of  meadows,  woods,  farms,  or  coun-^ 
trj-  seat.s,  till  it  emptied  itself  into  the  ' 
sea,  with  a  large  arm  of  which,  and 
some  coa.<;picuous  object  or  town  on 
a  promontory  or  island,  the  prospectj 
closed.  •  •  •  On  another  .side 
the  valley  nptned  another  landscape 
of  less  extent,  ailorneil  with  several 
villages,  and  terminated  by  one  of  the 
towers  of  some  church  or  mined  ab- 
bey. The  opposite  side  presented  the 
view  of  a  fine  park,  composed  of  un- 
equal ground.  an<l  agreeably  varied 
with  hills,  lawns,  wood,  and  water, 
laid  out  with  admirable  art  ;  but  ow- 
itig  fitill  less  to  art  than  to  nature. 
Beyond  this  the  country  gradually 
rose  into  a  ridge  of  wild  mountains, 
the  tops  of  which  were  seen  above 
the  clouds  at  the  horizon," 

Let  any  one  read  the  description  of 
Cockwood,  as  given  in  the  'Obituary' 
of  this  year,  comprising  the  interest- 
ing memoir  of  the  life  of  Dr.  Drury, 
and  judge  whether  there  be  not  the 
same  analogy  between  its  late  owner's 
taste  and  residence,  as  there  runs  be-' 
tween  hia  character  and  that  of  Field- 
ing's beau  ideal  of  a  good,  wise,  and 
liappy  man,  in  Allworthy- 

To   conclude,    it    docs    not   appear 
that  he  ever  published  any  thing,  or 
that  be  was  at  all  ambitious  of  thi 
fame  of  an  author.     He  lefl  a  MS.* 
journal  of  one  of  bis  tours  through 
Ireland.    Cumberland,     Wales,     and 
Shropshire,    in    the    romantic    land-> 
scapes  of  which  he  took  great  delight.^ 
"  Two  or  three  times  every  year  he] 
would  borrow  the  pulpit  of  the  rector," 
but  in  his  sermons  he  exclusively  ad- 
dressed the  very  young^cr  part  of  the 
coneregation,  leaving  the  instruction' 
uf  the  adults  to  their  ordinary  pastor/ 
He  preached  a  very  beautiful  funeraf 
sermon  over  the  remains  of  Lord  Lil- 
ford   in    1S(X).      At   Oundic    also   he 
preached  a  learned  and  very  elrw^uent 
visitation   sermon   before  the  Bishop 
of  iVlerborough,  which  made  him  fa- 
vourably known  to  the  clergy  of  that 
diocese.     He  had  all  his   life  a  great 
passion  for  music,  in  which  bis  taste 
ever  preferred  the  simple  aud  sublime. 
Ilts  own  vocal  pnwcts  too  were  very 
fine  ;  rarely  did  he  puss  a  day  without 
exercising  them,  and,  when  alone,  ac- 
companying   himself   on    the    piano. 
But  it  was  in  sacred  music  that  he 
took  most  pleasure.    Those  who  hav« 
■JK 


J 


The  late  Dr.  Drury,  of  Harrow. 


teen  present  at  It  ^%•ill  never  forget  the 
fine  effect,  when  at  his  own  table,  by 
way  of  grace  beftire  liinner,  he  would 
chaunt  Nom  Nobis  Domini  in  concert 
with  the  Dean  of  Raphoe,  so  well 
kno'wn  for  his  classiciil  or  rather  ca- 
nonicnl  taste  in  music,  as  well  as  for 
his  truly  stentorian  yet  harmonious 
voice.  Nor  would  the  good  man,  at 
Christmas  and  the  other  festivities  of 
the  year,  disdain  to  art  the  harper 
on  the  piano  to  the  youthful  song  and 
dance  of  his  numerous  grandchildren, 
the  offspring  of  his  two  elder  sons  and 
of  his  only  and  cherished  daughter 
Mrs.  J,  Herman  Mcrivale.  Hia  other 
son.  Charles,  a  bachelor,  is  Rector  of 
Pontesbury,  about  seven  niilea  north 
of  Shrewsbury.  Out  of  doors,  a 
still  more  patriarchal,  and  no  less 
classical,  recreation,  he  enjoyed  in 
agriculture,  retaining  in  his  own  handa 
a  farm  of  some  30()  acres,  bcbides  hia 
private  demesne.  To  his  only  brother 
(who  was  much  younger  than  him- 


self), he  stood,  early  in  life,  in  loco 
parcvti» :  so  exemplary  was  he  in  all 
the  relations  of  society.  As  a  county 
magistrate  he  was  assiduous  and  punc- 
tual in  his  attendance,  exceeded  by 
none  in  temper,  in  diligent  and  patient 
attention,  in  judgment  with  sound  dis- 
cretion, and  iu  the  most  unblemished 
integrity.  Nor  did  he  wholly  retire 
from  the  bench,  until  within  the  five 
or  six  last  years  of  his  life."  His 
very  death  was  patriarchal, — life  gru- 
dually  and  alnuiiit  imperceptibly  with- 
drawing, as  from  company  to  rest  in 
a  long  undisturbed  night  of  sleep  with 
his  fathers. 

At  the  Harrow  anniversary  din- 
ner for  last  year,  present  above  one 
hundred  noblemen  and  gentlemen,  all 
Harrovians,  it  was  unanimously  re- 
solved to  raise,  in  the  church  of  Har- 
row, a  marble  cenotaph  to  his  me- 
mory. 

Yours,  &c.  Yoaicx. 


HISTORICAL  PARTICULARS  RESPECTING  THE  GUNPOWDER 

PLOT  OF  1G05, 


Mr.  Ukban,  Ffb.  10. 

PERMIT  me  to  supply  you  (from 
the  State  Paper  Office)  with  a  more 
detailed  and  accurate  account  than  I 
communicated  to  your  second  Supple- 
ment of  182S,  of  some  remarkable  facts 
connected  with  the  detection  of  the 
Gunpowder  Plot  in  1605. 

The  celebrated  anonymoas  letter 
has  been  generally  referred  to  Mrs. 
Habingtou.  the  sister  of  Lord  Mont- 
eagle,  and  the  wife  of  Thomas  Ha- 
bington,  the  original  historian  of 
Worcestershire,  and  one  of  the  con- 
spirators. It  has  fwen  long  supposed 
that,  aware  of  what  was  intended, 
Mrs.  Habington  determined  by  this 
means,  if  possible,  to  save  her  bro- 
ther, on  the  day  of  the  meeting  of 
Parliament.  Nash,  in  his  History  of 
Worcestershire  (published  anno  1781), 
observes  of  Mrs.  Habington, 

•*  Tradition  iu  tij»  rounty  says  she 
was  the  penwin  who  wrote  the  letter  to 
her  brother,  which  diicorcrcd  the  Gun- 
powder Plot.  The  style  of  tb«  letter 
•eema  to  be  that  of  one  who  had  only 
beard  tome  dark  hints  of  the  buMueaK, 
which  perUa|ni  wu  the  case  of  Mrs.  Hn- 


bini^ton,  and  not  of  one  who  wu  a  pria- 
cipnJ  mover  in  the  whole,  «*  was  Percy 
[for  he  it  seems  bad  been  suspected  of 
writing  it].  Mr.  Habington,  her  hui- 
bojid.  was  condemned  to  die  for  conceal- 
ing Gamett  onil  Oldcom  at  Hinlip,  but 
was  pardoned  at  the  intercession  of  his 
wife  and  Lord  Montcagle."  —  Nash's 
Worceistershire,  vu!.  I.  p.  .i85. 

Nash,  in  a  note,  then  notices  the 
remarkable  fact  which  must  strike 
every  one  who  ever  saw  the  letter ; 
namely,  that  in  the  phrase,  "  the  love 
I  bear  to  you  ;"  the  word  "  you  "  has 
been  evidently  erased  hy  the  writer, 
and  that  instead  of  it  the  phrase  "some 
of  your  friends"  ha*  been  substituted 
in  its  place,  leaving  the  obvious  infer- 
ence that  the  alteration  was  in  conse- 
quence of  an  afterthought,  under 
which  it  was  feared  that  the  word 
"you  "  might  savour  too  strongly  of 
family  affection,  and  perhaps  lead  to 
a  discovery.  • 

Now  that  the  important  letter  ia 
question  to  which  (under  the  gnicious 

•  See  a  fic-«imUc  engraving  of  the 
letter  in  the  Ifth  volume  of  the  Archje- 
ologia,  p.  SOO. 


i 
I 


I 


1835.] 


The  Gunpowder  Plot  0/  I(j05. 


251 


Providence  of  God)  we  owe  the  whole 
detectiou    of  this    nefarious    scheme, 

•'Originated  with  Mrs.  llabinglon,  there 
Beeina  little  reason  to  doubt;  but  a  re- 
ference to  all  the  origioal  documents 
yet  remaining  at  the  State  Paper  Of- 
fice, appears  to  establish  the  fact,  that, 
however  Mrs.  Habingtcn  may  have 
been  the  mind  which  dictated  this  let- 
ter, it  was  actually  uTtttpn  by  the 
hand  of  her  friend  and  confidante, 
Mrs,  Ann  Vaux,*  since  I  discovered 
a  letter  preserved  amon^  the  corre- 
spondence in  the  writing  and  under 
the  signature  of  Ann  Vaux,  Hated  the 
12  th  Mpy,  I  Co  J,  hanmj  for  tin  nfijpct 
Iht  vindiration  of  GafHelt,  and  the 
hand- writing  of  which  bears  so  exact 
a  resemblance  to  the  peculiar  hand- 
writing of  the  anonymous  ietterj  that 

it  apfM-ars  impossible  to  compare  thera 

^^^gether  without  observing  their  iden- 
^ftity.  This  letter  of  Ann  Vaux  was 
among  the  papers  used  by  Sir  Kdward 
Coke  (then  the  Attorney- General),  in 
conducting  the  prosecution  of  the 
traitors,  and  is  indorsed  by  himsclif, 
in  which  indorsement  he  calls  her 
"  the  maj-d ;"  while  her  signature 
added  to  another  document,  being  her 
examination  in  the  Tower,  and  affixed 
twice  over  to  a  second  examination  in 
the  same  place,  both  about  to  be  meu- 
tioned,  corroborate  the  identity  of  the 
band  with  that  of  the  anonymoua 
letter. 

The  connection  that  subsisted  be- 
tween the  Habington  family  and  Ann 
Vftux  was  so  well  known,  that  she 
waa  at  first  committed  to  the  Tower 
as  suspected  of  having  been  privy  to 
the  plot ;  and  two  examinations  of 
ber  when  there  are  extant,  one  bear- 
ing date  the  nth  March,  I605,  and 
■  the  other  the  24th  March.  1605.  The 
first  examination  in  bath  marked  and 
indorsed  by  Coke  as  "  the  mayd ;"  and 
she  admits  in  it  that  she  actually  "  kept 
the  house  at  White  Webbs"  [in  En- 
field-chace,  which  was  notoriously  the 

•  She  was  ths  fourth  child  of  the  first 
wife  of  Wm.  Lord  Vaux  of  Harrowden, 
a  Roman  Catholic  Peer,  who  was  Eliza- 
beth,  the  daughter  of  John  Beaumont, 
Master  of  the  Rolls  ;  his  second  wife  was 
Muriel,  the  dBughCcr  of  John  Treshani 
the  conspirator ;  and  hence  the  connpc- 
tion  of  Tresham  with  the  other  conspira- 
tors. Lord  Vaux  died  in  l^^ri,  and  his 
will  ia  dated  !25th  Aug.  35  Eliz.  1593. 


conspirators'  place  of  rendezvous]  "at 
her  oicn  c/targp,  with  the  help  of  that 
■which  she  had  from  such  as  did  so- 
journ with  her  "  (viz.  tlie  conspirators 
and  their  adherents)  ;  and  further. 
that  "  after  she  had  left  White 
Webbs,  ahf  camt  from  Mrs.  Ilabing- 
ion's  hovse  at  Hinlip,  where  she  had 
remained  about  a  fortnight  before  her 
coming  with  her  to  London,  which 
was  presently  after  Sir  Henry  Brom- 
ley (the  Sheriff)  went  from  the  house, 
and  that  the  first  night  she  lay  with 
Mrs.  lldbingtun  at  her  lodging  in 
Fetter-lane."  Now  we  ascertain  from 
the  examination  of  Edward  Oldcorn 
the  Jesuit  in  the  Tower,  dated  the  6th 
of  March.  16()5,  that  Sir  H.  Bromley 
had  made  his  search  in  the  Janvaiy 
preceding,  when  Garnet  and  himself 
were  discovered  there,  which  Nash 
fixed  the  date  of  at  the  25th  of  Janu- 
ary ;  consequently,  if  Ann  Vaux  is 
correct  in  the  dnlc  she  assigns  for  her 
departure  from  Hinlip  in  company 
with  Mrs.  Habiiiglon,  their  journey 
to  town  did  not  take  place  until  imme- 
diately after  the  2uth  January,  l605. 
From  not  before  adverting  to  the 
whole  of  Ann  Vaux's  testimony,  as 
to  the  precise  time  of  the  journey  to 
London,  I  ha  '  supposed,  in  a  letter 
written  to  the  Gvntlemati'a  Magazine 
(see  Supplement  for  1828,  p.  601), 
that  the  two  friends  travelled  toge- 
ther before  the  5th  of  November,  and 
had  therefore  imagined  that  the  anony- 
mous letter  was  probably  concocted 
between  Ihera  after  their  arrival  in 
London,  and  before  the  intended  ex- 
plosion. This  mistake  I  am  now 
enabled  to  rectify  ;  and  I  am  confirm- 
ed in  my  supposition  that  the  journey 
could  not  have  been  made  at  the  time 
when  I  at  first  supposed,  by  observing, 
that  in  the  Hinlip  pedigree,  as  given 
by  Nash  ( H ist, of  Worcestersh.  p.  58 9) , 
Mrs.  Habington  is  represented  as  hav. 
ing  a  son  (Thomas)  born  in  Novem- 
ber 1605  ;  while  Chalmers  in  his  Bio- 
graphical Dictiooar}',  says  it  waa  on 
the  5th  of  November,  the  very  day  of 
the  intended  explosion ;  which  date, 
if  correct,  would  at  once  negative  the 
idea  of  her  having  quitted  Hinlip  for 
London,  just  before  the  delivery  of 
the  letter  to  Lord  Monteagle.  All, 
however,  that  is  shown  by  this  parti- 
cular correction  is,  that  the  two  friends 
(Mrs.  Habington  and  Ann  VaQ'r^  '*'"* 


\ 


7%e  Gwpovder  Plot  q^  1605. 


[Mw<^, 


!jOndon  together  until 
'ler  the  detection,  hot 
ir  intimate  connection 
me.  Ann  Vaux's  con- 
i'uwer  goes  on  to  admit 
with  Garaett  (called 
0,  also  with  Sir  Eve- 
ady,  with  whom  she 
Winifred's  Well  after 
fide  (24th  August  prc- 
ler  with  others,  trAom 
namt\  and  she  admits 
Thomas  Winter,  and 
"divers  times  to  her 
ig  her  connection  with 
>rs.  She  then  adds. 
Shepherd  and  Robert 
■en  from  her  about  a 
ear,  and  that  she  had 
iX.  Hinlip  with  her  than 
ill,  who  also  went  from 
'  coming  from  Hinlip, 
her  of  his  departure." 
names  would  evidently 
m  mentioned  by  a  pri- 
charge  of  treason  in  the 
such  prisoner  had  been 
;ed  as  to  those  parties, 
f  the  Council  raises  a 
to  what  the  object  of 
uld  have  been,  leaving 
ather  strong,  that  some 
ee  (the  quitting  of  two 
refers  very  much  to  the 
'lot,  while  she  distinctly 
shall  as  having  '  also  ' 
while  at  Hinlip,)  might 
ipected  by  the  Council 
ought  the  anonymous 
nlip ;  Dor  does  the  cir- 
ntioned  by  her,  of  Mar- 
'  never  told  her  of  his 
llitate  much  against  this 
s  she  would  naturally 
y  unwilling  to  have  it 
ihesenthim  from  thence, 
corroboration  of  Ann 
us  association  with  the 
she  deposes  that  "  be> 
s  and  at  Grant's  [Hud- 
Northbrook,  or  Nor- 
>  Staffordshire,  near  to 
I  Hinlip,]  and  seeing 
'ses  in  the  stable,  she 
?tt  that  she  feared  these 
id  something  in  hand, 
lim  for  God's  sake  to 
Catpsby,  and  ,to  hinder 
'  possibly  he  might,  for 
i  attempt    any  foolish 


thing,  it  might  redound  to  his  diacfc- 
dit,  whereupon  he  said  he  woald  talk 
to  Mr.  Catesby,  and  after  assOTed 
her  that  he  had  nothing  in  the  world 
to  do,  but  had  these  horses  to  go  into 
the  Low  Countries." 

The  second  examination  of  Aon 
Vaux  in  the  Tower,  dated  the  34th 
March,  1G03,  in  which  her  signature 
occurs  twice,  has  chiefly  for  its  object 
the  vindication  of  Garnet t,  though  more 
or  less  at  the  expense  of  Francis  Tm* 
ham  her  relation,  and  of  Catesby.  both 
of  whom,  however,  were  then  dead. 
It  is  observable  that  this  declaration 
opens  by  admitting  that  Tresham  came 
sometimes  to  White  Webbs,  occa- 
sionally with  Catesby,  "  to  visit  ker 
and  Mr.  Gamett,"  when  she  sajra 
"  Garnett  always  gave  him  [Tresham] 
good  counsel,  and  persuaded  him  to 
rest  contented."  She  then  admits 
that  Gamett  and  hertelf  rtmaintd  at 
Erith  sonu!  time  in  the  preceding  amm- 
tner,  when  both  Tresham  and  Catesby 
visited  them ;  and  also  that  Gamett 
and  herself  were  together  at  a  haute  »ke 
had  at  Wandavcorth,  the  first  year  after 
the  King's  accession,  where  Tresham 
also  resorted  ;  and  that  in  the  summer 
preceding  this  second  examination,  he 
was  likewise  "  at  another  haute  ikeg 
had  [viz.  Gamett  and  herself],  but 
without  saying  where.  She  then  states 
that,  at  the  end  of  the  then  last  sum- 
mer, "  tchen  Mr.  Gamett  and  $ffe  went 
into  Warwickshire,"  they  went  to 
Francis  Tresham  in  Northampton- 
shire, and  she  and  Mr.  Gamett  supped 
with  Mr.  Tresham,  and  went  ateag  the 
next  dag."  In  short,  all  this  second 
examination  amounts  to  a  direct  ac- 
knowledgment of  Gamett  and  herself 
constantly  living  together,  whatever 
might  have  been  the  nature  of  their 
intercourse  ;  and  it  is  further  remark- 
able, that  Garaett  in  two  different 
notes  added  to  this  examination,  both 
in  his  own  handwriting,  and  signed 
by  himself,  attests  the  trath  of  Ann 
Vaux's  statements.  To  this  second 
examination  the  particular  signature 
of  Ann  Vaux  appears  equally  con- 
firmatory of  the  identity  of  the  hand- 
writing with  that  of  the  anonymous 
letter. 

It  further  appears,  from  an  import- 
ant historical  document,  entitled  "The 
manner  of  the  Discovery  of  the  Pow- 
der   Plot,"    published    by   Secretary 


The  Gunpowder  Plot  of  1 605. 


Coventry,  and  noticed  by  Miss  Aikin 

in  her  Memoirs  of  James  I.,  that  Lord 

Chief  Justice  Popham,  on  the  trial  of 

Gnrnett,  addressed  Ana  Vaux  in  these 

terms,  "  Catesliy  wns  never  from  you, 

as   the  Rentlewoman   that  kept   your 

house  with  you  confessed."  [i.  146. — 

And  the  Earl  of  Salisbury  says  of  Ann 

Vaux,    when    addrcssini?    himself   to 

Calesby,    "  This    gentlewoman    that 

tems  to  speak  for  you  in  her  confes- 

ion$,  I  think  would  sacrifice  herself 

»r  yoH,  to   do  you    good,    and    you 

kewise  for  her."    (Garnett's  Trial, 

150.) 

It  is  further  rem.irkaldp,  as  appears 
am  the  recital  of  Garnctt'a    execn- 
aou  in   the  sam^  document   (p.  154), 
lat   at   such   execution,   which  took 
ilace    on    3d   of  May,    1G06,    in    St. 
lul's  Churchyard,  hi-   felt    it   neces- 
iry  in  his  dying  moments  to  contra- 
Wict  the  ptiblic  rumour,  which,  from 
the    known    intimacy    subsisting   be- 
tween himself  and  Ann  Vaux.  had  not 
been  very  scrupulous  in  its  whispers. 
The   passage  is  as  follows  : — "  Then 
turning   himself  from   the   people    to 
them  about  him.   he  made  an  apology 
for  Mrs.  Ann  Vaux,  saying,  there  is 
Ao  honourable  gentlewoman  who  hath 
been   much  wronged  in   report,  for  it 
is  suspected,  and  aaid,  that  I  am  mar- 
rie<l  to  her,  or  worse ;  but  1  protest 
the  contrary ;  she  is  a  virtuoas  gen- 
tlewoman, and  for  rae  a  perfect  pure 
virgin." 

It  may  be  further  noticed,  that  the 
Terv  fact  now  so  completfly  establish- 
ed, of  Ann  Vaux  and  Mrs.  Habiugton 
not  having  quitted  Hinlip  until  after 
Sir  Henrj'  Bromley's  aeorch  of  the 
house  ufi  the  20th  January.  1G0.'>, 
Stems  further  to  connect  those  females 
rith  Garnett  and  Oldconi.  The  first 
'  these  men  is  sufficiently  shown  by 
her  own  evidence,  to  have  been  the 
intimate  friend  and  travelling  compa- 
'  ~  >o  of  Ann  Vaux  through  some  years, 
from  the  accession  of  James  I.  to 
"the  detection  of  the  Plot.  The  second 
was  the  priest  and  confessor  of  Mr. 
Habington  at  Hinlip,  who  hml  in- 
nitfd  Gnrwtt  to  cnme  thtrr^.  (See  Nash, 
vol.  I.  p.  5S7,)  Now  Ann  Vaux  states, 
in  her  examination  in  the  Tower,  dated 
11th  .March,  ItiO.'i,  that  she  "  had  re- 
mained at  Mr.  Habington's  house  at 
Itnlip  about  a  fortnight  before  her 
niiag  with  her  tu  London,    which 


Uj^ioc 


was  presently  after  Sir  Henry  Brom. 
ley  went  from  the  house."  The  strong 
piobnbility,  therefore,  is,  that  when 
she  thus  visited  Hinlip  about  a  fort- 
night before  the  dt'parturc  for  London, 
Garnett  accompanied  her  there,  as  he 
is  shown  to  have  done  almost  where- 
ever  she  went,  and  that  she  and  Mrs, 
llabington  were  the  instruments  boti 
of  the  concealment  and  nourishment 
of  Garnett  and  Oldcorn,  while  they 
remained  at  Hinlip.  The  account  of 
their  coocealmeat  in  the  secret  hiding 
places  of  this  ancient  house  (built  in 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  but  now  no 
more,)  is  perhaps  one  of  the  most  cu- 
rious and  interesting  documents  of 
history  connected  with  this  transac- 
tion. It  is  found  among  the  MSS,  of 
the  Harleian  collection  marked  .38, 
B.  9,  and  is  copiofi  by  Nash  in  his 
Worcestershire,  vul.  1.  p.  5S5;  amongf,^ 
other  pas$.ages  is  the  following  : 

♦'  Forth  of  this  ."secret  and  most  cna- 
ning  oonveynnce  (a  jxissnge  lendini^  from 
a  chimnfy  to  a  chamter)  came  Henry 
Garnett  the  Jesuit,  .«onght  for,  and  ano- 
th<*r  with  Uim  nnmed  Hall  (tbe  Dsme  i 
sumed  by  Uldcorn).  Marmalade  lad' 
other  sweetmeats  were  found  there  lying 
by  them,  but  their  better  maintenance 
had  been  by  a  quill  or  reed  through  a 
little  bole  in  the  chimney  tbnt  baeked 
another  chimney  into  the  gentlewo- 
man's chamber,  nnil  by  tb»t  passogr, 
caadles,  broths,  and  warm  drinka  had 
been  conveyed  iu  unto  them." 

The  account  then  goes  on  to  state 
that  "the  whole  service  (of  Sir  Henry 
Bromley's  search)  endured  the  space 
of  elpvpn  nlt/hts  and  twelve  days;"  which 
would  nearly  answer  to  the  period  of 
"about  a  fnrtnighf,"  admitted  by  Ann 
Vaux,  in  her  first  examination,  to  have 
elapsed  between  her  arrival  at  Hinlip 
and  her  departure  from  it  when  Sir 
H.  Bromley  had  perfected  his  duty- 
Laying  the  above  circumstances  toge- 
ther, I  cannot  avoid  connecting  the 
supply  of  the  nnha[>py  men  in  their 
lurking  place  from  "the  gentlewoman's 
chamber,"*  as  a  provision  made  for 
thera  by  Ann  Vaux  (then  proved  to 
be  in  the  house)  or  by  Mrs.  Habing- 
ton,  or  both  ;  and  while  a  further  exa- 
mination of  the  papers  has  thus  led  to 
the  correction  of  the  earlier  period  at 

*  It  is  certain  that  Garnett  twice  nses 
tbr  word '  gentlewoman  '  of  Ann  Vaux  in 
his  dying  moment*. 


254 


The  Gunpowder  Plot  of  1605. 


[March, 


which  I  had  first  imi^ined  the  jour- 
ney to  London  of  those  females  to 
have  taken  place,  it  has  only  tended 
to  corroborate  mor.;  fully  than  ever,  in 
my  own  mind,  the  intimate  connection 
of  Ann  Vaux  with  the  chief  conspira- 
tor, and  indeed,  however  nearly  or 
remotely,  with  all  the  rest. — In  an 
examination  of  James  Johnson,  Mrs. 
Vaux's  servant  (dated  25th  Feb.  1605), 
he  states  that  he  ■w^i  recommended  to 
Mrs.  Vaux  six  years  before  that  time 
as  a  Mr$.  Perkitu,  and  that  he  did  not 
know  she  had  any  other  name  till 
three  years  since.  That  he  came  to 
White-Webbs  aboat  three  months  be- 
fore his  mistress  came  there,  and  he 
mentions  Catesby  as  known  to  him 
to  have  resorted  there  for  no  less  than 
three  years  before,  all  which  proves  a 
concealment  of  her  name,  evidently  for 
no  good  purpose, — also  her  long  con- 
nection with  a  house  which  was  the 
resort  of  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  trai- 
tors, and  especially  her  long  acquaint- 
ance with  the  chief  agent  Catesby,  who 
is  declared  in  Winter's  confession  to 
have  first  propounded  the  scheme  to 
him.  and  to  have  been  the  most  active 
of  its  members.  In  the  examination 
of  Michael  Rapier,  a  servant  of  Sir 
Ererard  Digby  (a  principal  conspira- 
tor), dated  22d  November,  1605,  he 
states  that  about  three  weeks  before 
that  time  he  was  at  mass  at  the  house 
of  Sir  Everard  Digby,  when  Darcy 
(one  of  the  names  by  which  Gamett 
went)  officiated  in  presence  of  his 
master  and  mistress,  "  and  all  the 
Catholics  of  the  house,  together  with 
Mr».  Ann  Vau*,"  which  again  fixes 
that  female  with  Cxamett. 

In  the  examination  of  William 
Handy,  another  servant  of  Sir  Eve- 
rard Digby,  dated  the  27th  November, 
1605,  the  witness  states,  that  "  about 
five  weeks  before  that  time  he  was  at 
mass  at  Mr.  Thomas  Throckmorton's 
house  in  Warwickshire  (Coughton), 
at  which  was  present  the  Lady  Digby, 
one  Mrs.  Faux,  and  others,  at  which 
time  there  were  two  masses  said  ;  the 
one  by  an  old  priest  called  Darcy,  and 
sometimes  Walley;  the  other  by  Fisher; 
which  testimony  serves  to  confirm  the 
connection  of  Ann  Vaux  with  Gar- 
nett. 

It  is  from  an  examination  of  Fran- 
cis Tresham.  dated  29th  November, 
1605,  that  Gamett  is  proved  to  have 


assumed  the  name  of  WaOey,  while 
repeated  instances  occur  of  his  hay- 
ing taken  that  of  Darcf ;  but  more 
especially  does  this  last  alia*  appear 
from  the  before-mentioned  examina- 
tion of  William  Handy,  dated  27  No- 
▼ember,  1605,  where  (Gamett  is  twice 
noticed  as  bearing  that  name,  and  in 
the  last  instance,  in  the  following  re- 
markable terms :  "  He  saith  that  the 
said  Darcy  (otherwise  Walley)  doth 
commonly  remain  about  London,  ami 
that  Mn.  Ann  Famx  doth  nsnaUf  go 
wUh  him  «hither$oever  he  goeth;"  than 
which  it  hardly  seems  that  there  can 
be  more  conclusive  evidence  of  their 
intimacy. 

If,  however,  any  doubt  should  re- 
main either  of  the  connection  sabsist- 
ing  between  Gamett  and  Ann  Vaux, 
or  the  identity  of  her  handwriting 
with  that  of  the  anonjrmons  letter,— 
the  following  evidence,  which  is  drawn 
from  the  correspondence  that  was  in- 
tercepted between  them  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam Wade  after  Gamett's  imprison- 
ment in  the  Tower,  will  perhaps  re- 
move it. 

There  remains  in  the  State  Paper 
Office  a  communication  written  on  a 
long  slip  of  paper,  on  the  outside  of 
which  appears  only  the  following  note 
written  in  common  ink  : 

"  I  pray  yon  let  these  spectacles  be  set 
in  leather,  and  with  a  leather  case,  or  let 
the  fold  be  fitter  for  the  nose. 
(Signed)        Yours  for  ever, 

HCNBT  GAamTT." 

While  on  the  other  side  of  the  pa- 
per appears,  written  by  Garnett  hma- 
self  in  orange  juice  (afterwards  ren- 
dered apparent  by  some  chemical  pro- 
cess), a  series  of  instructions  from 
Garnett  addressed  to  some  friend,  the 
last  words  of  which  are,  "  Where  is 
Mrs.  Anne  i" 

In  another  slip  of  paper,  written 
wholly  by  Gamett  in  concealed  ink 
(afterwards  made  apparent),  he  relates 
a  dream  which  Hdl,  his  fellow  pri- 
soner, had  had  in  Uie  Tower;  and 
this  communication  also  contains  di- 
rections evidently  in  answer  to  some 
inquiries  of  conscience  of  Ann  Vaux 
as  his  disciple ;  for,  in  a  third  slip  of 
paper  which  is  all  in  her  writing,  and 
manifestly  in  the  same  characters  as 
those  of  the  anonymous  letter,  she  ad- 
dresses Garnett  as  '  good  father,'  and 


1835.] 


The  Gunpowder  Plot  r/  1605. 


adverts  among  other  things  to  the 
dream  of  Hall,  of  which  she  says  that 
**  It  had  been  a  great  comfort  to  her, 
if  at  the  foot  of  the  throne  there  had 
been  a  place  for  her." 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the  sig- 
nature of  tliia  letter  is  A,  G.  (not  V.) 
ID  like  maaner  as  it  appears  in  a  for- 
mer instance,  where  she  signs  '  Anoe 
Gaux,*  as  if  she  had  chosen  in  general 
to  take  the  initials  of  A.  G.,  and  wlien 
she  wrote  her  own  surname  at  length, 
to  prefix  the  letter  G  instead  of  V. 

A  further  communication,  partly  in 
common  and  partly  in  secret  ink,  is 
from  Garnett,  which  is  without  doubt 
intended  for  Ann  Vaux,  as  he  acknow- 
ledges the   receipt  of  linen,  and  ap- 
plies  to  borrow  money  for  payment  of 
Ilia  own  and  Hall's  prison  fees,  add- 
ing many   private  directions,   which 
could  only  be  given  to  the  most  confi- 
I        dential  friend,  and  in  this   paper  he 
I        more  especially  observes,  "  Your  last 
I       letter  I  could  not  read,  your  pen  did 
I       not  cast  ink ;"  and  this  letter  h  fol- 
I       lowed  by  another  communicatton,  evi- 
^^Ldentiy  in  the  same  characters  as  those 
^^bf  Ann  Vaux,  and  of  the  anonymous 
^^Rfetter,  but  being  on  coarse  paper,  little 
^^nnore  of  it  can  be   deciphered,  than 
^^rtiiat  it  begins  by  addressing  Garnett 
as  '  Dear  Father,'  and  regrets  that  he 
should  have  "  received  a  letter  which 
he  could  not  read;"  thus  plainly  prov- 
ing that  this  last  is  an  answer  from 
Ann  Vaux  to  the  preceding  one  from 
himself,  which  had  complained  of  that 
inconvenience. 

Tlie  last  document  of  the  series  is 
one  (originally  written  in  secret  ink), 
and  above  alt  the  rest  displaying  the 
me  character  of  writing  as  the  ano- 
ous  letter.     It  is  evidently  from 
on  Vaux  to  Garnett,  desiring  bis  in- 
uctions  and  advice,  and  informing 
im  of  many  particulars  for  his  go- 
vernment  while   he  should   continue 
under  examination;  it  concludes,  "  O 
that  I  might  see  you  ! — Yours  ever." 
But  without  a  signature. 

There  is  also  extant  at  the  State 
Paper  Office,  an  account  w^holly  in 
the  hand-writing  of  Garnett  (and 
marked  by  Coke  for  use  on  the  trials), 
giving  a  full  account  of  his  confiue- 
juent  and  discovery  at  Htulip-housey 


255 

and  also  of  his  journey  to  town,  and 
his  examination  before  the  Privy 
Council,  and  treatinent  in  the  Tower; 
which docunifetit  is  addressed  '"  to  Mrs. 
Ann." 

Now,  laying  this  evidence  together, 
enough  appears,  from  the  most  incon- 
testable documents  of  the  period,  to 
show  that  Ann  Vaux,  who  was  the 
bosom  friend  of  Garnett  (the  main 
spring  of  the  whole  conspiracy),  after 
having  been  long  domiciled  with  the 
traitors  at  While- Webbs,  which  was 
kept  at  their  joint  expense,  was  the 
companion  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Habing- 
ion  at  Hinlip,  the  country  seat  of  the 
conspiracy,  before  the  Sheriffs 'search, 
from  whence  she  admits  that  she  pro» 
ceeded  with  her  friend  Mrs.  Ilabing- 
ton  to  the  lodgings  of  the  latter  in 
London,  immediately  after  the  invest- 
ment of  the  house  by  the  Sheriff. 
From  her  peculiar  intimacy  with 
Cateshy,  and  her  admitted  intimacy 
with  Garnett  and  the  others,  so  abun- 
dantly testified  in  the  State  Papers, 
together  with  her  close  connection 
with  Mrs.  llabington,  it  can  hardly 
be  doubted  that  she  possessed  suffi- 
cient knowledge  of  the  intended  plot 
and  its  details,  to  render  her  a,  very 
likely  instiument  of  attempting  to 
preserve  the  life  of  the  brother  of  her 
friend;  and  on  whose  fidelity  could 
any  one,  desirous  of  admonishing  him 
of  his  peril,  be  more  likely  to  rely, 
than  would  Mrs.  Habtngto'n  on  her 
intimate  associate  at  bed  and  board, 
Mrs.  Ann  Vaux  ?— and  whose  hand,  if 
it  were  (as  it  must  have  been)  an  ob- 
ject to  conceal  her  own,  would  she 
have  been  more  likely  to  employ,  than 
that  of  the  same  individual  ?  When 
we  then  come  to  find  the  characters 
of  a  whole  letter,  and  of  three  signa- 
tures written  by  that  female,  precisely 
identical  with  those  of  the  anon^'mous 
letter  itself,  we  seem  to  come  as  near 
as  historical  and  documentary  evi- 
dence will  carry  us.  to  the  conclu- 
sion which  I  have  ventured  to  adopt, 
viz.  that  if  Mrs.  Habington  dictated 
the  letter  in  question,  her  friend  and 
associate  Mrs.  Vaux  supplied  her  with 
the  means  of  executing  her  purpose. 
Yours,  &c. 

CUBISTIA.NUS  PaOTESTAKS, 


r  25fi  ] 


[March, 


lONUMENTAL  ARCHITECTURE  AND  SCULPTURE  OP 
GRKAT  BRITAIN. 

fVUh  Engraviuga. 


A  Glimpst-  at  thp  Monumental  Archi- 
tecture and  Sculpture  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, from  the  earliest  Period  to  the 
Eifjhlefvth  Century.  By  Matthew 
Holbechc  Bloxam.    12mo.  pp.  308. 

THE  branch  of  antiquarinn  re- 
Bcarch,  which  lorms  tlie  suliject  of 
the  judicious  und  tasteful  manual  be- 
fore us,  is  oue  which  is  full  of  engag- 
ing curiosity,  and  replete  with  in- 
struction re.>pecting  the  babita  and 
manners  of  our  ancestors.  The  zest 
with  which  the  geologist  explores  the 
rock  and  the  quarry,  or  the  florist  the 
green-house  and  parterre,  or  the  bo- 
tanist the  heath  an«i  the  forest,  does 
not  snrpass  that  of  the  antiquary  and 
lover  of  ancient  art,  when  he  enters  a 
venerable  church,  and  fcrutinizes  the 
beauties  of  its  architecture,  descT-ies 
the  peculiuritiea  of  its  parts  and  its 
ornaments,  and  contemplatea  the  cla- 
boratc  sculpture,  and  the  minutely 
executed  etfigieh,  of  its  sepulchral 
monameDts. 

In  the  smatl  volume  before  us,  Mr. 
Bloxam  has  fui  nit^hed  an  excellent  syn- 
opsis, not  only  of  our  monumental 
but  also  of  our  funereal  antiquities, — a 
work  which,  among  several  volumes 
of  much  magnificence  and  great  pic- 
torial beauty,  was  still  a  desideratum 
to  the  antiquarian  student.  The  col- 
lections made  by  Mr.  Gougb,  in  the 
Introduction  to  his  Sepulchral  Monu- 
ments, are  indeed  truly  copious  ;  but 
they  possess  neither  the  advantage  of 
a  lucid  arrangemeat,  oor  that  of  an 
adequate  index. 

With  respect  to  Sepulchral  Anti- 
quities of  a  date  anterior  to  the  mo- 
numents  now  remaining  in  our 
churches,  we  can  do  little  more,  on 
the  present  occasion,  than  state  the 
heads  of  Mr.  Bloxam 's  tirst  six  chap- 
ters. In  the  first,  arc  discussed  the 
Sepulchral  remains  of  the  Celtic  and 
Bclgic  Britons ;  in  the  second,  thobe 
of  the  Romans  in  Britain  ;  in  the  third, 
those  of  the  Romatii/ed  Britons  and 
early  Saxons  ;  in  the  fourth,  the  dif- 
ferent modes  of  preparing  the  dead  for 
interment,  fiom  the  seventh  to  the 
seventeenth  centurv  ;   in  the  tiftb,  the 


funeral  solemnities  of  the  Middle  Ages; 
in  the  sixth,  the  Sepulchral  Monu- 
ments in  Britain  from  the  earliest  pe- 
riod to  the  Norrnau  Invasion. 

As  we  cannot  follow  our  author  in 
his  range  through  this  wide  field  of 
in*r]iiiry,  wc  must  confine  ourselves  to 
n  few  points  that  ailmit  of  some  de- 
sultory remark"*,  which  will  be  gene- 
rally additional  to  his  own.  With 
this  view  we  quote  the  following  pas- 
sage, from  the  first  chapter,  whidl 
treats  of  the  earliest  British  period  : 

•*  Interments  by  cremation  were  >ome- 
lime^,  tliou^fb  rnrcly,  deposited  in  wooden 
case!* ;  aad  skeletons  have  been  found 
inclosed  in  rudewuoilen  chests,  and  with- 
in the  hollowed  trunks  of  trees." 

Of  the  latter  Mr.  Bloxam  does  not 
mention  any  instances,  la  the  me- 
moir on  the  British  tumulus  at  Gris- 
thorpe  near  Scarborough,  the  sub- 
stance of  which  was  given  in  our  Ma- 
gazine for  December  last,  the  writer 
states  that  only  one  similar  example 
of  that  mode  of  burial,  in  a  hollowed 
trunk  of  a  tree,  had  been  recorded  ; 
which  was  in  a  tumulus  opened  by 
Sir  R,  C.  Hoare  near  Stonehengc, 
where  the  body  was  deposited  in  the 
trunk  of  an  elm.  We  perceive,  how- 
ever, that  Mr.  Gough  (vol,  I.  p.  xlv.) 
has  enumerated  three  instances,  more 
directly  assimilating  with  that  at 
Gristhorpe  :  1.  The  celebrated  sarco> 
phagus  of  King  Arthur  at  Glaston- 
bury was  an  intire  trunk  hollowed* 
quernu  cavala  ;  2.  one  was  found  be- 
tween Wormleightoit  and  Stanton  in 
Warwickshire,  brielly  mentioned  by 
Stukeley  in  his  Itinerary  ;  3.  a  third 
in  1 7ti7,  under  Kingbarrow  near  Ware- 
ham  in  llorset,  the  body  in  which  was 
sewed  up  in  skins,  and  the  other  ac- 
companiments arc  described  by  Mr. 
Gough.  The  use  of  hides  in  inter- 
ments continued  to  prevail,  for  per- 
sons of  the  greatest  consequence,  io 
the  11th  and  12th  centuries,  as  shown 
by  Mr.  Bloxam,  p|t.  34,  55. 

Of  the  obeli^4cai  pillars  or  crosses, 
covered  with  fret  and  lozenge  work, 
which  exist  in  many  parts  of  the  king- 
dom, Mr.  Bluxam  mentions  two  that 


I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 


J 


•••;• 
•••/» 


258         Bloanm  o»  Monumental  Architecture  and  Sculjitmre.         [Mvdi, 


dral.  In  the  same  century.  Amicia 
Countess  of  Devonshire  gave  her 
heart  to  Lacock  Abbey,  because  her 
daughter  was  a  nun  there.  One  of 
the  latest  instances  of  this  separate  in> 
terment  is  that  of  the  loyalist.  Sir  Ni- 
cholas Crispe,  whose  body  was  interred 
at  St.  Mildred,  Bread-street ;  but  his 
heart  is  placed  in  an  urn  in  Hammer- 
smith church,  under  a  bust  of  Charles 
the  First.* 

AHer  the  practice  of  devoting  large 
estates  to  the  erection  of  monasteries 
had  been  materially  checked,  and  the 
sacrifice  of  broad  lands,  ad  hmmms  mor- 
tua»,  was  no  longer  permitted  to  any 
great  extent,  the  religious  rite  of  pray- 
ers for  the  dead  still  continued  to  oc- 
casion a  profuse  devotion  of  their 
rents,  during  many  years,  to  the  erec- 
tion of  chantry  chapels,  and  splendid 
monuments. 

So  large  a  proportion  of  the  mem- 
bers of  great  families  were  interred  in 
conventual  churches,  now  reduced  to 
ruin,  that  the  ancient  monuments  at 
present  preserved  can  be  regarded  only 
as  the  relics  and  examples  of  what 
formerly  existed.  The  wholesale  de- 
struction which  was  made  at  the  spo- 
liation of  monasteries,  (particularly  in 
the  principal  conventual  churches  of 
the  metropolis,  and  some  other  cities) 
is  indeed  astonishing  to  contemplate  ; 
and  the  apathy  with  which  it  was 
witnessed  by  the  descendants  and  re- 
presentatives of  the  defunct,  is  a  strik- 
ing proof  how  the  pride  of  family, 
and  the  kindlier  feeling  of  reverence 
for  the  ashes  of  their  forefathers,  was 
then  merged  in  religious  enthusiasm, 
in  terror,  or  in  avarice.  The  antiquary 
can  never  peruse  the  records  of  these 
devastations  without  a  sigh. 

Sepulchral  monuments  present  two 
collateral  series  of  objects,  that  of 
their  architectural  designs,  and  that 
of  the  effigies  aud  engravings  on  brass. 
The  latter  embraces  the  history  of 
armour  and  costume,  to  which  Mr. 
Bloxam  has  paid  much  attention. 
He  has  embellished  his  volume  by 
numerous  cuts,  which  form  a  very 
pleasing  illustration  to  his  instructive 
descriptions.  The  excellence  of  their 
execution  will  be  seen  by  the  speci- 

*  Abroad,  it  is  still  prevalent.  During 
the  past  year  the  heart  of  fioieldieu,  the 
composer,  has  been  presented  by  Us  widow 
to  the  city  of  Rouen ;  and  Dom  Pedro,  of 
Portugal,  has  bequeathed  his  heart  to  the 
city  of  Oporto. 


mens  which  we  are  enabled  to  lay 
before  our  readers.  As  series  of  effi- 
gies have  been  previously  g^ven  at  one 
view,t  we  have  selected  the  cuts  with 
a  view  to  the  form  and  fashion  of  the 
monuments  in  their  general  and  en- 
tire appearance. 

The  following  may  be  regarded  as 
a  catalogue  of  the  genera  of  sepulchral 
monuments,  and  of  the  most  usual 
apeeies. 

I.  The  coffiU'lid,  which  was  either 
1,  coped  or  ridged ;  2,  carved  into 
devices,  of  which  crosses  in  endless 
variety  are  the  most  frequent;  or  3. 
carved  with  an  effigy  in  low  relief,  or 
with  the  head  and  arms  only.  In. 
scriptions  at  this  early  period  are  rare ; 
but  when  they  occur,  they  run  round 
the  verge,  and  down  the  centre  of  the 
stone,  and  many  Latin  hexameters  are 
crowded  into  a  surprisingly  small  com- 
pass by  abbreviations,  and  the  inser- 
tion of  one  letter  within  another. 

II.  The  coffin-lid  carved  into  an 
effigy  in  high  relief,  and  which  soon 
became  a  distinct  portion,  and  was 
continued  with  the  four  following 
forms  of  monuments.  Its  position 
was  now  frequently  within  a  low  arch 
in  the  wall,  the  circumference  of  which 
became  enriched  with  architectural  or- 
naments, increasing  in  elegance  widi 
the  advance  of  Pointed  architecture. 

III.  A  raised  table  or  altar  tomb, 
sustaining  the  effigies,  or  a  slab  inlaid 
with  figures  engraved  on  brass ;  the 
sides  (commencing  in  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward  1.)  surrounded  with  architectural 

{landing,  with  armorial  shields,  or, 
astly,  with  niches  containing  small 
statues  of  angels  bearing  shields,  of 
saints,  or  of  relations  of  the  deceased. 
The  last  have  received  the  name  of 
weepers,  and  are  beautiful  examples  of 
civil  costume,  whilst  the  larger  effigies 
are  generally  attired  in  armour. 

IV.  Canopied  monuments,  gradu- 
ally increasing  in  magnificence,  until 
they  became  small  apartments  erected 
between  the  piers  of  large  churches ; 
and  then  the  chapels,  which  were 
really  additions  to  the  edifice,  and 
within  which  the  monument  properly 
so  called  was  erected,  in  the  most 
magnificent  style  of  the  preceding 
form. 


t  See  particularly  a  weU-nelected  plate 
of  figures  in  armoor,  in  Fosbroke's  £n- 
qrdonedia  of  Antiquities,  and  others  in 
the  pute  of  costume. 


1835. 3        Bioxam  on  Monumental  ArchUeclurc  and  Svnipture. 


259 


V.  Altar  tombdj  with  canopied  re- 
sea,  erected  against  a  wall ;  some 

g  at  one  side  a  space  lefl  for  the 
of  the  chantry  priest.  These 
egin  in  the  latter  part  of  the  fonr- 
?nth  centnr)'.  and  arc  the  last  that 
irtake  of  Pointed  architecture,  many 
"  them  bein^  mixed  with  the  forms 
id  ornaments  of  the  Italian  style. 

VI.  Colossal  architectaral  erections, 
JBO  placed  against  the  wall,  with 
lany  columns  and  obelisks,  and  every 

Jjcr  form  into  which  stone  can  be 
ped  and  piled  up.  The  effigies 
sometime:^  recuml>ent,  sometimes 
eling;,  and  ia  the  latter  portion  of 
le  class,  in  the  seventeenth  century, 
pcline  on  one  arm.  Fur  a  full  ceo- 
iry  after  the  Reformation,  the  hands 
>QtiDued  to  i)e  represented  joined  in 
rayer.  Small  allegorical  fiRures  of 
Hrtues,  &c.  were  frequently  the  sculp- 
>r'»  substitutes  for  the  saints  of  Rome. 

VII.  Mural  monuments,  partaking 
the  same  characteristics  ;  and  con- 

lininp  either  small  kneeling  figures, 
half-Ifugth  figures;  or  busts. 
Such  Is  a  geocral  classification  of 
If  old  sepulchral  monuments  ;  stop- 
ing  short  of  the  last  century,  during 
rhidi  a  greater  variety  of  design  (in 
ioae,  at  least,  of  a  superior  descrip- 
i)  would  be  found.  Each  of  the 
jKSvcral  classes  arc  represented  in  the 
cuts  with  which  we  have  been  favour- 
ed, except  that  we  have  numbered  the 
fifth  :  which,  being  contcroporancou5 
with  the  fourth,  differs  chiefly  m  the 
•rcbitectural  additions  of  canopies  and 
•Creenwork,  and  a  consequent  greater 
ootlay  of  expense.  Of  course,  many 
other  varieties  might  be  pointed  out ; 
but  they  are  rather  anomalies,  and 
curious  from  tlieir  singularity  ;  such 
a»  a  mural  monument  (1376)  of  the 
Foljambes  at  Chesterfield,  where  the 
knight  and  lady  arc  represented  in 
half-length,  upright.  Instances  in 
which  part  of  the  effigy  is  left  un- 
carvcd,  as  if  concealed  in  the  tomb, 
mn  •ometimes  found, — an  idea  evi. 
dently  suggested  by  motives  of  eco- 
nomy. 

The  brass  plates  inserted  into  grave- 
stones, were  also  used  in  the  place  of 
any  other  monument,  from  the  latter 
part  of  the  thirteenth  to  the  middle  of 
the  seventeenth  century.  Many  of 
them  are  rich  works  of  art ;  and  they 
attained  the  summit  of  beauty  uud  mag- 


nificence at  the  best  period  of  Pointed 
architecture. 

With  regard  to  eroiu-l^gcd  effigies, 
Mr.  Bioxam  makes  the  following  re- 
marks : 

"  The  most  commnni  sapjiositinn  is, 
thnt  such  attitude  was  itUciicitJ  to  dutin- 
giii.Hh  those  nobteM,  barons,  and  knights, 
who  were  either  acfualcruiwdprs,  or  who, 
having  vowed  to  engage  a«  such,  died 
bcfniT  their  vow  could  br-  performed. 
That  notion  is,  however,  but  conjectural, 
and  can  be  traced  to  do  sufficient  autho- 
rity :  and,  besides  tbts.  the  cross-le^ed 
attitude  was  retained  for  mare  than  half 
a  century  afttr  the  cesxatiou  of  the  hist 
crutAde,  t}iough  it  may  Iw  remarked  that 
subsequent  to  the  thirteenth  century  the 
instances  of  luch  attitude  are  not  very 
numerous."* 

Mr.  Bloxam's  succeeding  remarks 
seem  to  denote  that  he  is  inclined  to 
attribute  the  attitude  to  the  sculptor'n 
aim  at  a  more  graceful  display  of  dra- 
pery. Tlie  vulgar  error  is,  or  was, 
that  all  cross-legged  efhgies  represent- 
ed Knights  Templar;  this  was  cor- 
lectcd  by  Mr.  Gough  and  the  more 
judicious  antiquaries  of  the  last  cen- 
tury :  but  that  they  are  all  Crusaders 
we  fully  believe.  From  the  deficiency 
of  historical  proofs,  it  would,  indeed, 
be  difncult  to  substantiate  this;  in 
fact,  scarcely  any  of  them  are  appro- 
priate<l  except  by  circumstantial  evi- 
dence, for  they  have  no  incriptions; 
but  our  opinion  is  in  some  measure 
influenced  by  the  circumstance  of  hav- 
ing  ascertained  the  cross- legged  effigies 
of  three  of  the  most  distinguished 
combatants  at  the  a.ssault  of  Mansoura 
in  1250,  the  subject  of  a  curious  poem 
printed  in  the  Excerpta  Historica; 
namely,  that  of  Earl  William  Longesp^ 
in  Salisbury  Cathedral  j  that  of  Sir 
Alexander  Giffard  in  Boyton  church, 
Wiltshire ;  and  that  of  Sir  Robert  de 
Vere,  the  same  which  Mr.  Bioxam 
has  engraved,  and  which  is  now  placed 
before  our  readers. 

Whether  the  minuter  peculiarities 
of  these  effigies  had  also  a  symbolical 
meaning — whether  the  right  leg  cross- 
ing the  left  had  a  different  significa- 
tion from  the  le.*"!  crossing  the  right; 
and  the  hands  raised  in  prayer  from 
the  hand  grasping  the  sword-hilt  ; 
whether  by  these  or  other  masonic 
tokens,  was  denoted  the  stage  of  the 
Ciusader's  progress,  such  as  his  m' 


Famify  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler. 


2tS0 

aiesamptton  of  the  cross,  his  death  ia 
the  bolr  rorage,  or  the  completion  of 
ht»  u>«r.  it  would  be  interesting  to 
knov.  could  it  be  decided  on  any 
jbiHindor  foundation  than  mere  conjec- 
tunp. 

Wo  have  not  space  to  review  the 
»uJ\iccl  of  rffigios  in  general ;  but  we 
may  rvmnrk  that  the  admired  figures 
«v|'  AMrrmnn  Blackleach,  and  his  lady 
in  (iloucetttcr  cathedral,  which  areen- 
Itravrtl  in  Mr.  Bloxam's  book,  are 
rquallcd  by  two  of  the  same  period 
(t'harles  I.),  hitherto  little  noticed,  at 
Hishop's  Cleeve,  in  the  sajne  county. 
The   same  chisel  was  probably  em- 

(kloYcd  in  both  cases ;  the  figures  at 
ilouccstcr  have  been  attributed  to 
Kant-lli. 

One  of  the  latest  recumbent  figures 
w«  ever  saw,  as  well  as  one  of  the 
luoat  gnttesque,  is  at  Camerton,  in  So- 
mersetshire, representing  John  Carew, 
Kiq..  who  died  in  1683.  Instead  of 
the  fViIUbottomed  peruke  of  his  time. 


[March, 


he  wears  his  own  hair,  and  a  very 
full  beard;  a  long  cravat;  a  brown 
coat  with  innumerable  buttons, 
breeches  very  full  about  the  knees, 
shoes,  and  spurs.  This  very  sin- 
gular old-fashioned  gentleman  is  ex- 
actly five  feet  high ;  his  wife,  who 
lies  by  his  side,  is  an  inch  or  two 
taller.  He  was  probably  an  eccentric 
character ;  but  whose  "  frailties,"  is 
his  "  merits,"  are  now  alike  forgotten. 
We  believe  the  late  Alderman  Fletcher, 
the  antiquarian  virtuoso  of  Oxford, 
left  directions  for  a  recumbent  effigy, 
in  the  old  style,  to  be  placed  upon  his 
tomb. 

We  mast  now  close  our  notice  of 
this  interesting  volume,  in  which  we 
have  only  to  censure  the  erroneous 
spelling  of  authors'  names  :  this  fault 
occurs  with  those  of  Douglas,  Lysoos, 
Nichols,  Nicolas,  Nicolson,  and  with 
some  of  them  several  times.  In  p. 
31,  for  Reston,  read  Keston. 

.      J.G.N. 


Mr.  UaBAN,  Feb.  10. 

KVKRY  one  who  is  acquainted  with 
the  various  materials  for  history,  or 
for  the  memoirs  of  persons  who  are 
(liHtiitguinhcd  in  ito  pages,  must  be 
aware  that  both  historians  and  bio- 
Ki'uphcrH  have  often  neglected  some  of 
th«»  moat  obvious  sources  of  informa- 
tiuii. 

Tht)  truth  of  this  remark  is  shown 
in  thu  instance  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler, 
whotte  Htuto  Papers  were  edited  by  Sir 
Walter  Hcott,  accompanied  by  a  me- 
luitir  from  his  pen.  It  is  there  stated 
that.  "  probably  before  Sadler  attract- 
«U  the  king's  notice,  he  became  the 
huabaud  of  the  widow  of  one  Ralph 
Uiarrow.  who  does  not  seem  to  have 
b«fu  a  person  of  high  rank,  although 
uu  guod  grounds  have  been  discovered 
(or  the  scandal  with  which  Sanders 
aud  other  Catholic  writers  have  stig- 
utatiii'U  this  union.  That  she  was  a 
wumau  of  credit  and  character,  must 
bo  uiluiittcd.  since  Lord  Cromwell,  to 
v\  lunu  aUi)  was  related,  not  only  coun- 
i%>uAttcvd  the  marriage,  but  was  god- 
intitvi  to  two  of  their  children,  the 
(Hat  »a  whom  died  in  infancy."  Other 
muKuutioji  correctly  assert  that  Lady 
Vvtlvt't  umiden  name  was  Ellen  Mit- 
,  kv  U.  «kuvl  ihat  she  was  the  widow  of 


FAMILY  OF  SIR  RALPH  SADLER. 

Matthew  Barre.  Sanders'  remarks, 
to  which  Scott  alluded,  are  to  the 
following  efliiect : 


"  There  was  a  mechanic  named  Ma- 
thew  Barr,  whose  wife,  by  whom  he  had 
children,  at  one  time  washed  the  linen  of 
ttie  fiunily  of  CromweU,  wherein  dwelt 
Ralph  Sadler,  a  man  of  some  note,  and 
now  a  member  of  Queen  Elixabeth's 
Council.  This  Matthew  went  abroad.  I 
know  not  from  what  cause,  unless  as  some 
thought  he  suspected  the  chastity  of  his 
wife,  and  therefore  he  went  away  that  he 
m^ght  not  be  compelled  to  witness  that 
which  he  could  neither  endure  nor  pre- 
vent.  When  he  had  been  gone  some 
yeara,  hi8  wife,  either  hearing  or  pretend- 
ing  that  he  was  dead,  married  Sir  Ralph 
Sadler.  Matthew  at  length  returned,  and 
when  he  found  that  his  wife  had  married 
another,  he  re-claimed  her.  Sadler  on 
the  other  hand,  who  had  children  by  her, 
would  not  pre  her  up.  The  matter  was 
therefore  referred  to  the  highest  tribunal, 
».  e.  to  the  parliaments  (eomitia)  of  the 

rlTJiJ.  i5"  J'o™*'*.  who  was  first 
Zn^  ^A^t*^\^^  ""^  *»>«»  to  Sadler, 
th^nS^foit?  ^'^^l'^'"''"  ^y  ^^'th,  was,  from 
thenceforth,  to  be  deemed  not  the  ^fe  of 

JI  £2;j*  ^^  '**"^'«»«»'  b«t  of  Sadler. 
?h.^^£^  »o«  powerful  and  rich;  and 
therefore  .gainst  the  truth  of  the  Gospel. 


Familii  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler. 


the  wife  of  the  first  husband,  still  alive, 
WM  a^jadged  to  the  second  hiuband.*  *' 

Nothing  more  has  hitherto  been 
noWD  of  Lady  Sadler,  or  of  the  facts 

nnected  with  her  mnrriage  with  Sir 
Ralph  Sadler  ;  but  an  Art  which 
passed  in  the  37th  Hen.  VIII-  IMS-f). 
for  the  Ifgitirnalinn  nf  his  children, 
and  which  escaped  the  notice  of  his 
biographer,  proves  that  the  etatemcnt 
of  Sandera  was  well  founded.  The 
Act  itself  18  also  deserving  of  attention 
upon  other  grounds,  which  will  be 
pointed  out. 

It  appears  that  La^ly  Sadler'it  maiden 
name  was  Ellen  Mitchell,  and  she 
Beema  to  have  been  born  of  low  pa- 
rentage, and  was  married  about  the 
year  1 526,  at  Dunraow  in  Es'^cx,  to  one 
AIntthew  Barre.  a  native  of  Scvennaks> 
in  Kent,bywhom  she  had  two  daugh- 
ters. Shortly  after  the  birth  of  these 
children,  Barre  deserted  hia  w  ife  and  f'a- 
nily.  and  after  wandering  about  the 
country  for  some  time,  went  to   Ire- 

d,  leaving  her  in  extreme  distress,  ex- 
posed to  all  the  temptation  which  is  so 
quaintly  described  in  the  Act ;  and 
excepting  upon  one  occasion,  which 
was  within  three  months  after  he 
quitted  her,  she  never  heard  from  him. 
After  remaining  twelvemonths  at  Dun- 
mow,  "  very  honestly  and  virtuously 
in  labouring  for  her  living,  for  the 
avoidance  of  sin,"  and  having  made 
every  possible  inquiry  about  her  hus- 
band, one  of  her  friends  lold  her  that 
he  waa  dead,  and  advised  her  to  be- 
come a  nun.  I'o  this  suggestion  she 
consented,  and  being  sent  to  the  nun- 
nery of  Clerkcnwell,  became  the  ser- 
vant of  the  prioress  ;  but  on  expressing 
a  wiish  to  take  the  veil,  the  prioress 
refused,  for  certain  anti-Maithusian 
reasons  which  are  stated  in  theAct,tad. 
vising  her  not  to  forsake  the  world,  as 
she  might  be  again  honestly  married, 
andwishedto  recommend  hertoasitua- 
tion  in  London,  Ellen,  however,  de- 
termined to  pursue  the  inquiry  aa  to 
whether  herhusband  was  livingordead; 
and  having  induced  ouch  of  her  friends 
as  frequented  "  notable  fairs,"  to  assist 
her  in  thatobjoct,  she  proceeded  to  Sc- 
venoaks,  her  husband's  native  town, 

*  Sandenis  de  Sdstn.  Angl.  ed.  1628, 
p.  194. 

t  The  NonDeriea  were  rareful  not  to 
admit  hot  but  who  were  "  free  of  all 
frorldly  bonds,"  among  which  are  rnnmr. 
r«icd  "  wedlock,  rnnlrarl  ."  this  was  pro- 
bably the  Priore6Ji's  real  reoiion.        Etiit 


where  she  continued  with  her  brothers- 
in-law  Richard  and  Peter  Barre,  for  a 
year,  and  then  returned  to  the  nunnery 
at  Clerkcnwell,  soon  after  which  a  man 
belonging  to  the  city  of  Salisbury  posi- 
tively assured  her  that  her  husband 
was  dead.  By  the  recommendation  of 
the  prioress  she  then  entered  the  ser- 
vice of  Mrs.  Prior,  mother- in-law  to 
Lord  Cromwell,  afterwards  Earl  of 
Essex,  where  she  met  Sir  Ralph  Sad- 
ler, who  was  then  in  the  service  of 
that  nobleman,  which  circumstance 
explains  the  erroneous  idea  that  she 
was  related  to  Lord  Cromwell,  as  well 
as  Sanders'  statement  that  at  one  time 
she  washed  the  linen  of  Cromwell's 
family.  It  may  here  be  observed  that 
little  is  known  of  Lord  Cromwell's 
pedigree,  and  that  Dugdale  doubts  the 
statement  of  some  genealogists  that  he 
married  a  daughter  of  "  one  Williams 
a  Welchman."  If  Mrs.  Prior  did  not 
marry  a  ferond  husband,  the  Mtatcment 
that  she  was  Cromwell's  mother-in- 
law  makes  it  probable  that  his  wife's 
name  was  Prinr. 

After  ••  a  long  suite,"  and  a  full 
explanation  of  her  situation,  Sadler 
married  Ellen  Barre;  and  as  the  Act 
states  that  this  hap|>cned  eleven  years 
and  more  before  it  passed,  and  four 
years  after  Matthew  Barre  deserted 
her,  Sadler's  marriage  may  be  assign- 
ed to  about  the  year  1534.  During 
those  eleven  years  she  conducted  her- 
self with  the  greatest  propriety,  and 
became  the  mother  of  nine  children, 
of  whom  seven  were  living  in  154fi. 

The  Bill  proceeds  to  state  that,  not- 
withstanding Matthew  Barre  had  know- 
ledge of  the  marriage  within  two  years 
after  it  took  place,  and  had  since  been 
frequently  in  London,  where  he  might 
have  caused  his  existence  to  be  known 
to  Sadler  and  bis  wife,  he  had  never, 
as  he  himself  confessed,  made  it 
known  until  within  the  four  years 
then  last  past,  when  he  had  mention, 
ed  it  to  John  Michell,  of  London, 
since  dead,  and  afterwards  to  one 
Griffith,  the  King's  servant,  who  was 
then  living  at  the  sign  of  the  Bell  and 
Saracen's  head  in  Fenchurch-street j 
and  a  third  time  within  the  last  twelve- 
month, whereupon  he  was  apprehend- 
pil,  and  was  then  in  custridy  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  for  the 
purpose  of  an  inquiry  into  all  the  facts 
of  the  case ;  that,  as  there  could  b- 
dnubt  that  the  a&id  ^\«.\.\\w«t 
EUcn  'were  tnwvvcA,  \\vt  xwoLtrvt 


I 


262 


Family  of  Sir  Ralph  Sadler. 


[March, 


twcen  her  and  Sir  Ralph  Sadler  was 
by  the  Ecclesiastical  Laws  illegal,  and 
by  the  Common  Law  his  children  were 
illegitimate ;  bat,  as  the  second  mar- 
riage arose  from  the  misconduct  of  her 
first,  and  indeed  only  lawful  husband, 
Barre,  and  as  her  marriage  with  Sad- 
ler was  made  bona  fii*  with  a  "  pure 
conscience,"  under  the  impression  that 
Barre  was  dead.  Sir  Ralph  Sadler 
prayed  that  it  might  be  enacted  that 
all  his  children  by  her  should  be  re- 
puted and  adjudged  lawful  and  legiti- 
Xnate,  and  be  inheritable  to  him  as  if 
they  had  been  begotten  and  born  in 
"  lawful  and  perfect,  and  indissolvable 
matrimony." 

The  Act  then  confirms  the  grants 
made  to  Sadler  and  Ellen  his  wife, 
and  to  their  heirs  and  assigns,  of  the 
inheritance  of  the  estates  of  the  late 
dissolved  College  of  Westbury  upon 
Trim,  in  the  county  of  Gloucester,  and 
provides  that  if  any  separation  or  di- 
vorce was  prosecuted  between  Ellen 
and  her  husband  Matthew  Barre,  that 
she  should,  during  Barre's  life,  be 
considered  a  woman  sole,  as  if  she  had 
never  been  married  to  him;  that  by 
the  name  of  "  Ellen  Mitchell"  she 
might  during  the  life-time  of  Barre, 
take  any  grant  of  lands,  &c.  inde- 
pendently of  him,  and  by  that  name 
to  sue  and  be  sued  as  a  woman  sole. 

Viewed  as  a  legal  proceeding  the 
whole  affair  is  anomalous,  and,  it  is 
believed,  had  no  other  precedent  in 
England  than  the  well-known  case  of 
the  children  of  John  of  Gannt,  Duke 
of  Lancaster.  Though  bom  in  adul- 
tery as  well  by  the  Common  as  the  Ec- 
clesiastical law,  the  children  are  legiti- 
mized, whilst  the  marriage  of  their 
parents  is  admitted  to  have  been  void 
ab  initio.  In  contemplation  of  the 
usual  process  for  a  divorce  in  the  Ec- 
clesiastical Court,  the  Act  decUres 
that  if  such  process  be  completed, 
she  shall  be  considered  a  single  wo- 
man, thus  giving  her  power  to  marry 
Sir  Ralph  Sadler;  but  no  other  pro- 
ceedings on  the  subject  have  been 
discovered.  It  is  to  be  presumed 
that  they  were  afterwards  legally  mar- 
ried, but  no  children  appear  to  have 
been  born  subsequently  to  the  year 
when  the  Bill  passed.  Thomas  Sadler, 
their  eldest  surviving,  but  second  son, 
was  the  child  for  whom  Sir  Ralph 
Sadler,  in  the  interesting  letter  printed 


by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  solicited  Thmiuu 
(afterwards  Lord)  Cromweli«  whilst  a 
Commoner  and  Secretary  of  State,  to 
stand  sponsor,  and  to  allow  Um  to 
bear  his  name.  His  birth  most  have 
occurred  about  the  year  1535,  and  cer- 
tainly before  July  1536,  when  Crooi. 
well  was  created  a  Peer. 

This  statute  corroborates  the  opinion 
which  I  have  elsewhere  expressed,  as 
to  the  great  utility  of  printing  all  the 
wrUf  private  Acts  of  Parliament,  on 
accoant  of  the  valuable  illustrations 
which  they  afford  to  history,  biography, 
and  genealogy,  the  light  which  they 
occasionally  throw  upon  manners  and 
customs,  and  the  evidence  which  they 
contain  of  the  descent  of  property. 

I  take  leave,  whilst  alluding  to  Sir 
Ralph  Sadler,  to  make  an  inquiry  con- 
nected with  one  branch  of  his  de- 
scendants. 

It  is  said  in  a  note  to  the  Appendix 
to  the  Sadler  State  Papers,  that  General 
Thomas  Sadler  or  his  father  Blount 
Sadler*  (for  the  omission  of  the  re- 
ference in  the  text  makes  it  uncertain 
which  is  meant),  left  a  son  Thomas, 
who  was  living  at  Barbadoes  in  1692; 
that  he  married  the  widow  of  Colonel 
Salter,  and  had  issue  two  daughters ; 
viz.  Ann,  who  was  two  years  old  in 
1692 ;  and  Elizabeth,  who  was  bom 
in  that  year,  after  which  date  no- 
thing is  known  of  that  branch.  Can 
any  of  your  correspondents  inform  me 
whether  Grace  Sadler,  who  was  bom 
in  1693  or  1694,  who  is  said  to  have 
come  from  the  West  Indies,  who  was 

first  married  to  Sheldrake,  and 

secondly  in  November  1726  to  George 
Davison,  esq.  Alderman  of  Rochester, 
and  who  died  in  February  1756,  set. 
62,  t  was,  as  is  highly  probable,  a 
daughter  of  the  said  Thomas  Sadler  of 
Barbadoes  ? 

Yours,  &c.  N.  H.  N. 

"  An  Act  for  the  Legitimation  qf  the 
Children  qf  Sir  Ralph  Sadler,  Knight, 
paned  in  anno  37  Hen.  VIII.  No.  28. 
[Tranter^t  in  Harl.  MS.  7089,/.  453.] 
Hbn.  Rex. 

"  Most   humbly    sheweth    unto   your 

•  Vol.  II.  p.  614.  Blount  Sadler  was 
the  sixth  son  of  Richard  Sadler  of  Lon- 
don, one  of  the  grandsons  of  Sir  Ralph 
Sadler. 

t  Vide  Monumental  Inscription  in  Ro- 
chester Cathedral. 


Rojall  Maj'*"  most  gratious  Sovcraiffne 
Lord,  year  humble  and  obcdiont  subject 
Mid  fkitbfall  servant  and  conKciUaur  Ralfe 
SuUyer,  Koi^ht,  that  ythtrt  one  Matliew 
B«rret  tometinie  uf  Duamow  in  the 
couDtie  of  Es^ex,  borne  atte  Sevenockc 
in  Kent,  seventeen  yearea  past  and  more, 

atte  Doniuuw  aforesaid. 

"  The  same  Matlicw  two  yearca  after  or 
thereabouts  having  two  women -chiUren 
begotten  and  borne  of  thi^  hudy  of  the 
tame  Elene,  and  in  the  isamt-  tyme  not 
applyini^  himKclfe  to  his  ia1>our  and 
bandycraft,  for  tlie  maintenance  of  hi:) 
owne  wife  and  children's  sustcnnnce, 
but  liveing  rioutously  and  conhumeitig 
hia  time  unthriftily  atte  unkwfull  garner 
(shee  havein^  diverse  tymes  reverently 
declared  unto  the  same  Mathcw  her 
hoahand  the  ponishment  and  plague 
of  God  that  hung  over  such  as  would 
not  applye  tbeyraselves  to  labour  in 
their  To<'ation,  and  exhorting  him  to 
lyire  n<i  iHM'Ome  an  honest  poiire  man) 
did  without  her  consent  and  knowledge 
suddanely  departe  from  her,  and,  albeit 
brcoriietli  nu  christen  man  to  ^ve  hi-i 
christian  brother  or  sister  occasion  to  foil 
into  the  wrath  and  di!<ple«.Hure  of  Al- 
mighty God,  much  lessv  the  husband  his 
iryfe  or  the  wyfe  her  husband  (whom  God 
by  his  holy  ordinnnee  and  ^odly  iustitii> 
tion  of  two  fleshes  hath  made  one,  either 
to  other  to  be  a  roinfort  and  aid,  tu  pro- 
create children  to  God's  glory  and  the 
tDcreaac  of  the  Common  Wraith,  and  to 
aroid  fomieatinn),  Yelt  the  same  Ma- 
tbew,  not  havcins;  in  memory  or  att  the 
least  not  regarding  this  holy  Sacrament, 
kis  duty  to  God,  nor  the  faith  and  pro- 
mise that  he  had  made  to  his  wyfe,  but 
ledd  with  the  spiritt  of  the  devill,  did  not 
only  departe,  but  being  departed  from 
her,  did  not  send  to  her  any  knoledge  of 
his  state,  sorveing  oone  tyme,  w**'  by  his 
owne  confession  appeareth  to  be  within  a 
quarter  of  a  yeare  after  bis  departure, 
but  wandered  from  towne  to  townc,  and 
continued  in  no  place  certatne  by  the 
apace  of  three  yeares,  and  then  came  att 
kngth  to  Cardyffc  in  Wales,  where  re- 
maining but  one  yeare  he  tlien  departed 
into  Ireland,  and  there  was  halfe  a  yenre, 
^^H  durcing  all  whirh  time  the  said  Klene 
^^B  being  left  in  eitreame  povertye,  lusty  of 
^^H  b«;die  and  young  in  yeurrs,  «oc  that,  if 
^^H  Ciod  had  not  had  the  more  favour  to  her, 
^^B  like  enough  it  had  been  that  shee  mougltt 
f  have  been  enticed  to  lewdnetse. 
I  "  Howbeit    shee   in    the   mean   tyme, 

I  coondering  her   duty  to   God,   and    the 

I  promise  that  shee  and  her  husband  did 

^^H  make  either  to  other,  did  not  only  behave 
^^B  berself  very  honestly  and  vertuously  in 
^^m  labouring  for  her  liveing,  for  the  avoyd- 
f  ing  of  sin,  bnt  alsoe,  as  became  a  faith- 
h        /oU  wyfe,  did  make  diligent  search  and 


manifold  iuquiaitiiin  of  the  state  of  her 
suid  husband,  tiri^t  remaining  twelvemonth 
att  Dunmow  aforeseid,  where  they  were 
married,  and  then  declareing  her  mi- 
serable and  pettifuU  state  to  divers  Iter 
friends;  among  whome  one  afhriiied  that 
hee  heard  it  said  that  the  saide  Matthew 
her  husband  was  dead,  advised  and  couq- 
seilled  her  too  have  been  a  nunne  ;  where- 
upon shee,  by  their  suite,  was  brought  to 
the  nunnery  in  Clerkenwell  Ite^ide  Lon- 
don, and  there  being  not  only  in  service 
but  akoe  in  favour  with  the  Priourcssc 
then  being,  u  woman  of  gravity  and  wis- 
dome,  by  reason  that  shee  behaved  her 
sell'e  very  honestly,  shee  did  upon  her 
pitefuU  case  and  desire  that  shee  might 
have  been  a  nunne,  the  Priouress  derlure- 
iug  unto  her  the  state  of  religion  how 
that  it  was  not  prepared  nor  ordeyned  for 
young  personcs  such  as  were  like  to  pro- 
create children,  and  meet  to  live  abroad 
in  the  world,  but  for  aged  people  ;  in  noo- 
wise  woulde  consent  thereto,  but  con- 
scilled  and  exhorted  the  same  Elene  not 
to  forsake  the  world,  allcadging  that  if 
«hee  did  continue  in  her  honest  1>eha- 
viour  she  mought,  with  God's  grace,  be 
matched  with  some  h<me«t  personc,  in 
matrimony ;  and  would  have  then  pre- 
ferred her  to  an  hi>nest  service  in  the 
City  of  London  :  hut  the  saide  Elene,  re- 
garditjg  her  faith  given  to  her  said  hus- 
bimd,  and  desirouiie  to  be  ascertained 
first  of  his  life  or  death,  procuring  divers 
of  bcr  friends  liveing  in  London  which 
knew  her  said  husband,  who  by  reason  of 
their  sciences  and  occupations  had  occa- 
sion yearly  to  resorte  to  the  notable  foires 
kept  in  the  most  parte  of  this  yonre 
Grace's  Reolme,  to  make  diligent  search 
for  the  soid  Matliew,  shee  departed  thence 
to  Sevcnock  in  Kent,  where,  as  is  afore- 
said,  the  said  Mathew  was  borne,  and 
where  Richard  fiarrc  and  Peter  Barr, 
bretheren  of  the  said  Matthew,  and  di- 
verse  other  hia  kinifulks  dwelled ;  with 
which  Richard  Barre  and  Peter  Barr,  the 
said  Elene  tarryed  the  tpace  of  one  yeare; 
who  in  the  mean  tyme,  att  the  request  of 
tlic  »iaid  Eline,  didde  not  only  goe  but 
Blst>e  sent  to  iliverse  places  to  inquire  of 
their  said  brother  her  husband,  but  could 
have  uo  manner  of  knoledge  of  him. 
Whereupon  the  said  Elene  repayred  to 
the  said  nunnerye  againe,  and  there  oon- 
tinueing  a  certain  space,  a  man  of  Sarum 
(where  it  appeareth  by  the  said  Matthew's 
confession  he  dwelt  for  a  tyme  in  his 
wandering  from  place  to  place),  describing 
to  the  said  Elene  and  her  frinds  diverse 
notable  tokens  and  signcs  of  the  said 
Mathew,  declareiug  alsoe  his  name  and 
occupation,  affirmed  certainly  tiiat  the 
saide  Mathew  was  dead.  Whereupon  the 
said  Elene  was  aAer  by  the  said  Prioresse 
pr^fered  to  the  tenrice  of  one  Mrs.  Prior, 


264 


Act  for  Legitimation  of  Sir  H.  Sadler's  Children.         '^ March, 


inotber-ln-Iaw  to  the  Lord  Cromwell  laic 
Earle  of  Essex,  in  whose  familT  and  ser- 
vice your  said  sen*  and  Cfincfillimr  tbcn 
was  :  and  where  your  ^aid  Coimcpillour, 
being  a  young  tnan,  det^irou!<  to  lead  in 
thid  world  a  lyfe  acceptable  unto  God, 
and  percciveing  the  honest  behaviour  and 
vcrtuouA  qualities  of  the  said  Elene,  for 
those  causes  ooaly  desired  to  be  joyned 
in  matrimony  with  her  ;  and  after  long 
suite  the  same  Elene,  nut  concealing  nur 
dissembling  nny  parte  of  her  t^tate  from 
your  said  Counseillour,  but  fully  confess- 
ing  and  openinf;  the  same  with  the  eir> 
cumslances  of  ail  her  lyreiog  froni  ber 
rhildhood,  your  Kaide  Counseillour  at 
length,  whichwus  about  fouryears after  the 
departure  of  the  said  Mnlhew,  and  tleavi'n 
yeares  past  aud  more,  married  her,  anil 
8oe  hareing  continued  oj  man  and  Myfc 
unto  this  present  tyme,  unto  whome  th« 
said  Elene  durcing  all  the  said  tyme  of 
eleven  yeares  hath  not  only  behaved  her 
selfe  obediently,  reverently,  and  faith- 
fully, as  bccoraeth  an  honest  woman  to 
her  husband,  but  al»oe  hath  wij^ety  dis- 
posed and  ordered  his  hous-e,  and  all 
things  thereunto  belougin(T,  as  apjiertein- 
etb  to  a  wife  and  stage  matron,  uiul  bc^ide.i 
hath  brought  him  forth  nine  children, 
whereof  two  he  dead  and  seaven  be  yelt 
iyvcing,  that  is  to  say,  Thomas  SadQer, 
Edward  Sadler,  Henry  Sadler,  Ann  Sad- 
ler, Mary  Sadler,  Jane  Sadler,  and  Do- 
rotby  Sadler,  and  those  hath  broug;ht  upp 
in  tlie  fear  and  love  of  God,  like  a  ver- 
tuouB  Mother. 

"  Notwithstanding  the  same  Matbew, 
within  two  yeares  af^er  the  marna^ 
had  between  your  tiaid  eouasi-illour  and 
the  Hid  Elrne  had  kuoledge  thereof,  aud 
bath  been  divert^e  times  cyth  at  London, 
whereas  he  might  have  so  0|)eued  the 
matter  that  that  might  have  come  to  the 
eares  of  your  saide  coun.seillour  and  the 
said  Elene,  yett  nn-  iiee  himsetfeconfcssetl) 
hee  never  sent  unto  her,  nor  disclosed 
that  he  was  her  huxband  till  within  four 
Ycarea  last  pa<t,  first  as  hee  ^aith  declare- 
ingthe  same  to  one  John  Mitchell  of  Lon- 
don, who  DOW  is  dead, 'which  by  the  con- 
fiesaioti  of  the  said  Elene  appearcth  never 
to  come  to  her  kunlcdge ;  and  another 
tyme  to  oone  Grilfith,  your  Grace's  ser- 
vant, now  dwelling  att  the  signe  of  the 
bdl  and  Sarazro's  brad,  by  Fnnehurrh  in 
London,  who  when  he  saw  him,  as  the 
samcMathew  sayeth,  vtondred,  and  sayed 
that  one  told  him  that  he  saw  him  hnried  ; 
and  the  third  time  within  ihiw  twelve 
mouth  :  whereupon  the  said  Mathew  was 
apprehended  and  brought  to  the  Lord 
wryothealey  your  Majesties  Chancellour 
of  England,  in  whose  house,  for  that  your 


said  Chancellour  wa:i  att  that  tyme  and 
loug  syth  Occupied  in  your  Majesties 
alTairH  in  your  baider.s  adjoyning  unto 
Scotland,  the  same  Mathew  hath  been 
hitherto  kept  to  the  intent  y*  whole  truth 
might  be  perfectly  examined, 

"  Aud  for  as  much  as  it  appearcth  to 
be  no  feined  thing,  but  that  the  uktae 
Matbew  was  married  to  the  said  Elene, 
as  is  aforesaid,  whereby  the  said  marriage 
hudde  between  your  said  i-ounseillour  and 
her,  by  the  EcclesiaitticFtll  lawe^,  ranot  be 
good  and  of  force,  and  soe  by  the  Com- 
moTi  lawes  of  your  Realme  the  said  chil- 
dren begotten  between  your  said  counseil- 
lour and  the  anid  Elene  shuld  be  taken 
fur  baatard:^,  yett  because  it  is  manifest 
that  the  second  marriage  was  only  hadd 
through  th«  evill  behaviour  and  lewd  de- 
meanour of  the  said  Mnthew,  and  that 
your  said  counseillour  did  the  same,  bona 
lide,  with  a  good  nnd  jnire  conscience, 
thinking  that  the  said  Mathew  had  been 
dead,  aa  is  aforesaid, 

"  Your  said  counseillour  maketli  moat 
humble  petition  unto  youre  most  godly 
Majestic,  thnl  it  may  please  the  same 
that  it  may  be  enacted,  ordeyned,  and 
established  by  your  most  royall  Majestic, 
with  the  consent  of  the  Lords  i^pirituall 
and  Temporall.  and  of  the  Commons  in 
this  present  Parliament  assembled,  and 
by  the  authority  of  the  same,  that  the 
saide  Tliomas  Sadler,  Edward  Sadler, 
Henry  Sadler,  Anne  Suiller,  Mary  Sadler, 
Jane  Sadler,  and  Dorothy  Sadler,  and 
every  of  theym,  shall  att  all  tymes  here- 
after for  ever  be  had,  reputed,  taken,  es- 
teemed and  adjudged  legitimate  and  law- 
ful children  begotten  of  the  body  of  y* 
sojd  Ralph  Sadler,  and  shall  )>e  inhe- 
ritable as  well  to  the  same  Ualph  Sadler 
as  to  all  and  singulcr  his  anccstours,  and 
to  all  other  per^one  and  pcrsones,  and 
every  of  theym,  to  \m  inheritable  to 
other  in  hkc  manner,  fonrme,  and  condi- 
tion, to  all  intents,  constructiona,  and 
purposes,  aa  they  hadde  been  ingendered, 
begotten,  and  borne,  in  lawfull.  perfect, 
and  indissalvable  matrimony ;  and  as  if 
the  said  Elene  had  never  been  marryed 
to  any  other  than  oonly  to  the  said  Ralfe ; 
and  as  though  the  said  Elene  had  lieen 
lawfully  marryed,  in  periitt  and  india- 
solvable  marriage,  to  the  said  Raljih  :  and 
as  though  the  snid  Mathew  and  Elene 
hadde  never  entermarried,  or  contracted 
any  matrimony  together,  any  law,  statute, 
acte,  ordinancr,  ronstitutiou,  canon,  de- 
cree, custom,  use,  or  any  other  thing  or 
raatttnr  whaUocver  to  the  contrary  in 
anywise  Dolwilhiitanding." 

[Then  follow  the  other  ettacttnenls 
which  have  been  alludetl  to. J 


I 


I 


1635.] 

II.  Remarks  on  British  Rvlationa  and  Ih- 
i<rcour»e  with  China.     By  an  Ame- 
riean  Merchant.  %vo.  pp.  54. 
n.  Correspondence  between  the  Preti- 
dentand  Select  Committee  of  the  EaH 
India   Company's  Factory  in    China, 
and  Captain  Alexander  Grant  of  the 
^_       */i«p  Her  rules,  relating  to  the  conduct 
^H      0/  the  latlrr,  in  faking  his  letters  from 
^V      an  open  guMity  bay,  luid  the  threatened 
recall  of  the  ship's  license  consequent 
thereto:    toyether   with   the   circum- 
stances of  the    latf    affray   at    Cum- 
Sing-MooH,  and  the  Factory's  inter- 
ference  on    that   occasion,    Sfc.    8va. 
pp.  34. 
III.    No    Opium.'    or     Commerce    and 
Christianity  workmg  together  for  good 
in  China.     A  letter  to  James  Crop- 
1  per,  esq.   of  Liverpool.     By  a   Mi- 

^L     luster  and  a  Layman.  8vo.  pp.56. 
^■rV.  The  Canton  Register,  from  July  1, 
^1      to  August  \g,  1834. 

^^  THE  Remarks  of  an  American 
Merchant  on  firitish  Relations  and 
Intercourse  with  Cbtaa,  are  the 
production  of  a  writer  who  evi- 
dently possesses  a  good  acquaintance 
with  the  subject :  of  which  ho  takes 
a  rational  view  ;  admitting  the  ilifhcuU 
ties  attendant  on  change^  and  ex- 
pressing a  hupc  that  hia  Majesty's 
Commissioners  will  be  found  efficient 
for  the  regulaiinn  of  the  trade,  and  the 
protection  of  all  the  interests,  whether 
European  or  American,  involved  in  it. 

We  think  he  estimates  the  national 
character  of  the  Chinese  too  low,  and 
are  not  surprised  at  his  setting  that  of 
his  own  countrymen  too  high.  Our 
further  notice  of  the  pamphlet  will  be 
confined  to  tifto  points  of  importance, 
upon  which  tlic  author  is  explicit,  and 
on  which  we  entirely  concur  with  him. 
The  first  is  the  scheme  of  coercing  the 
Chinese  into  conformity  with  the 
wishes  of  the  nations  who  visit  their 
shores.  This  he  ahly  exposes  on  page 
24,  showing  that,  even  admitting  the 
practicability  of  employing  force,  and 
that  we  could  desolate  the  countrj', 
and  overturn  the  government,  no  pos- 
sible good,  but  infinite  harm  would 
result  from  our  success.  Thcjecoiw/is 
the  illicit  importation  of  opium  from 

k Bengal  into  China,  which  he  recom- 


2«5 


BRITISH  RELATIONS  WITH  CHINA. 


m^ndn  the  Commissioners  to  concur 
with  the  Chinese  Government  in  their 
endeavours  to  pret^ent ;  and  on  this 
point  appeals  to  the  honour  and  con- 
science of  our  countrymen  in  the  fol- 
lowing very  forcible  terms : 

"  Again  ve  are  compelled  to  look  with 
be*itation,  if  not  with  rfgret,  ontlte  effect 
of  uur  intercuursK  on  China,  up  to  the 
pn-seut  tims;.  To  say  nutluDg  of  its  early 
history,  we  may  take  it  as  it  now  appears 
to  the  eye  of  the  well-disposed  and  ttiiok- 
iug  Chinese.  He  sees  the  whole  annual 
surplus  nf  the  peculiar  productioa  of 
his  country,  given  in  cxrhange  for  opium. 
He  follows  the  iutoxicating  drug  to  the 
place  where  it  is  consumed.  The  wretch- 
ed opium-smoker  is  there  before  him,  for 
he  is  hurried  on  by  a  fascination  stronger 
than  curiosity,  siroogcr  than  deatli;  it 
drags  hini,  with  his  ey»  open,  to  a.  <>er- 
tnin  and  miserable  end.  Can  the  beholder 
di>  less  than  exclaim — ^  Is  this  the  return 
that  comes  to  us,  fur  all  we  have  to  give? 
Is  this  the  intercourse  our  Government 
forbids,  and  the  foreigner  calls  on  us  to 
extend  ?  Alas,  that  be  has.  ever  visit«'d 
our  shores,  to  bring  with  him  this  charm- 
ed poison  to  intoxicatii  and  destroy!'  " 

As  an  atonement  for  the  injuries 
already  intlictcd  on  China  by  this  de- 
leterious drug,  he  recommends  renewed 
exertions  for  the  introduction  of  the 
Gospel  into  China.  This  is  a  subject 
worthy  of  the  most  serious  public  atten- 
tion; but  we  hope  that  neither  Mis- 
sionaries,  nor  Bibles  and  religious 
tracts  in  the  Chinese  language,  will 
he  smuggled  into  China  in  C^iuin 
ahi}}s.  Such  an  association  might 
operate,  on  the  minds  of  the  acute  and 
reflecting  Chinese,  most  prejudicially 
on  the  cause  which  it  is  designed  to 
promote. 

11.  Correspondence,  8fc. — ^The  first 
part  of  this  correspondence  relates  to 
the  unauthorized  and  highly  improper 
abstraction  of  some  letters  from  a  letter 
hag,  on  its  way  to  Canton,  by  order  of 
the  person  for  whom  they  were  direct- 
ed. It  shows  the  necessity  of  a  local 
government  to  control  our  countr^Tnen, 
even  of  die  superior  ranks,  in  their 
commercial  operations  abroad. 

The  affray  atCum-Sing-Moon,  which 

is  the  other  subject  referred  to  in  this 

correspondence,    was     one    of  those 

serious  "squabbles"  of  which  British 

2  M 


VITt 

in  I 


moti  ■  ....  jjj^     ..  :r:  man  rhoulil  be  allowed  to  do  tFi  a 

Eiiil'-  '.„,,!^     ,■■;.•.-..*  ri-'ht  in  his  own  eyes.     I'l- 

vin  '^"i     V-,  .-■.-,:■  (."hina,  as  we  have  been  i^- 

w""' =  "   '.^j,^     ■  .--t-.:.  ujHjn  being  made  acquain t: ^e? 

^''i"  '  /.-'r.     vti:  :-^e  procecdintrs,  directed  the   r- c 

'"'j  *'     "      .;  ,  car.on  of  his  edict  restricting  t  1  j 

""'   '  ."        -r-.-'urse  of  all  forcicn  iarfttfriaiijt     t 

■"..   <.-'.  I't  Canton. 
'.:'.  'i-e  trans.iction.s  connected  \v i  1 3 

:; ,  nVay  at  Cum-Sing-Moon,    >Ir~ 

di^^.  "              .•  j-:!.i;i' appears  a>  the  agent  of  th*^ 

yoiii  n.^r*  i"  t^piiim  ;  and  it  also  appears' 

inir  _     ■•y  :hv-  SiU-ct  (\)inniittee  coultl   ntyt^ 

cuir  -.•■■- 1 -.  from  condenininiT  the  languaif*-' 

phi!  '          ^;,  ^l;^  according  to  his  own  report, 

J'""-  "     ^;j  ivi-n  made  um*  of  by  him  in  In'"* 

"'I''  "         -Ti"  :«-Ws  with  the  Mandarins  ;  which 

-'""  ,-.-.;.ij:e.  the  Committee  observe, 

sin  —  r-  • 

*•"'■  "             ••  I'.iuul  ti'inl  to  no   |>iivsii)le   end  l»"t 

*'"'"  -    • '"     ,.^7v    .■xi-iti-nu  iit    iiiid     llll^tili(y  ;    biuI. 

''b'^  .,    .        ',■.  ,1,^.  cin-inuslanci-:  of  tlic-  vase,  the 

•"'*:  ■-       --r^i:*  iiuule  n-i'  "I",  luiil  ;u-iMi«:itiiiii.-i  ot 

J"*'  ..  ;-j„^r  jiiiil   piriiey  iiL'.ii)!"!    thi-  t.'liinr.-e, 

*"'  .     ..  ..^  jr  slto.'i.thiT  niisplaeed.'' 

*bi  -pxli  Mr.  (:iit/.lafl',  il   shonld  be  re- 

*"  •:i.:m'jered,   professes  himself  to  be  a 

"'I'  *    \    Lhri-'ti*"  .Missionary,  and  of  conrse  a 

r  ■    ,  "    .\i::i:>ter  of  the  (Gospel  of  Peace  ;  and 

j>,.  *       .^    ;7.,<  party,   in  whose  service  he  here 

j,'..  '   >.,     j:>pears,  hat!   been,  accordinj;  to  the 

r,,-  ...^    :"icts  of  the  case,  as  stated  by  them- 

hi  ",   i    selves,  guilty  of  an  act  of  piracy  and 

til.  ■'    ".*    [iwless  violence  against  the  subjects  of 

.  ^    1.1  indepcjidcut   and  unofrendini;  go- 

*'■  ...  c    \ eminent. 

•'='•  '^  III.  "Xo  P/;/tfwj."'— This  pamphlet 
y['  "  !J^  fame  into  our  hands  aftur  the  preced- 
"  "  .^  jaa  remarks  on  tracts  lelative  to  China 
j],  *  ".J  taJ  been  committed  to  paper.  The 
J, "  ' .'  J  professed  object  tif  its  author,  or  an- 
j..,  *  . ;  tl>ors>  is  to  promote  the  extension  of 
1„  ""...^  our  commercial  intercourse  with  China 
tl,  ^"  .y..  by /<'y'^'""'''' "if''^"s.  and  to  discountc- 
\i  ".,  nance  the  contraband  and  piratical 
•«  "  ^  ^  proceedings  of  the  traders  in  Opium  ; 
«!'  ^vt-  which,  it  is  suggested,  ought  to  be  pro- 
''  "  ^*.  .^  bibited  and  prevented  by  authority  of 
I'  •  *  .'^  our  Governnient,  and  the  profits  of  the 
'^  ~"^  ^  -1^  Opium  trade  sacrificed  to  (  hristian 
I,',"  -  '  '*'  .'^  morals ;  in  the  same  wav  as  the  profits, 
l'  ••-  ""^j^  from  negro  shivery  havi:  been.  We 
■  ''  *  ul.  arc  disposed  to  concur  in  thi.s  opinion. 
ti  •  •■'•■^  ,!i  and  to  approve  the  decided  tone  of  the 
a.  •■*'  ««r  writer:  P"suadrd  that  the  true  inte- 
rn .  'A-r  f^" ;  jesta  of  a  t  hnstian  communitv.  in  all 
aj  ,  •'''^*'  M  its  relations  or  intercourses,  whether 
^^  H»  aPl*f  "  doin»t''^  or  foreign,  will  be  found  in  a 
"»  ■  •,•  40  «»?*'^^°  strict  conformity  with  the  principles  of 
*  .,  wouU  K  •      ^jjrUtian  morality.     \:.udi:T  these  im- 


1&35.] 


China — Dr.  Morrison  ^Lord  Napier, 


267 


> 


i 


pressions,  it  was  with  some  surprise 
we  read  the  unmeasured  eulogies  on 
Gutzlaff.  contained  in  pp.  24,  25,  and 
27,  of  thJ9  pamphlet.  We  certainly 
were  not  quite  pn-paied.  by  any  of  his 
works  which  Lave  hitherto  fallen  under 
our  notice,  to  con&iderhiai  as  a  jiroc/i'yy 
of  teaming  ;  and  unfortunately  we  had 
had  that  before  us  which  bad  excited 
in  our  minds  considerable  doubt,  whe- 
ther hi-*  missionnry  character  was  not 
more  affected  than  real.  The  author  of 
this  tract  appears  himself  to  have  made 
some  diacovertes  OD  this  subject,  after 
its  pages  had  been  printed  uflf ;  as  in  a 
»bort  preface  be  deeply  deplores  Gutz- 
laff's  connection  with  Opium  ships,  at 
the  same  time  referring  his  readers  to 
some  future  explanations  on  the  subject 
which  Gutzlaff  may  be  expected  to 
offer. 

IV.  Thf  Canton  Rpffi»t(>r. — Although 
not  accustomed  to  review  the  produc- 
tions of  the  periodical  pi  ess,  we  cannot 
omit  noticing  the  correspondence  con- 
tained in  these  papers,  which  exhibit 
the  first  act  of  a  tragedy,  or  comedy, 
as  the  event  may  turn  up,  prepared 
after  the  pattern  of  the  Cum-Sing- 
Moon  affair,  and  proposed  tn  be  enact- 
ed <wc  regret  to  say  itj  by  His  Ma- 
jesty's Servants  in  the  Dominions  of 
the  Emperor  of  China. 

In  one  respect  it  has  commenced 
tragically  enough,  by  the  sacrifice  of 
An  amiable  and  excilient  man.  Doctor 
Robert  Morrison,  who,  having  received 
the  appuLDtmcnt  of  Chinese  Secretary 
and  Interpreter,  appears  to  have  been 
betrayed,  by  n  conacieotious  desire  to 
fultil  his  official  duties,  into  circum- 
ataaces  which  have  caused  his  prema- 
ture decease,  to  the  great  grief  of  all 
who  had  the  happiness  to  know  him 
as  a  benevolent  promoter  of  the  highest 
interests  of  the  human  race,  and  a 
true  friend  of  science. 

The  facts,  as  we  collect  them  from 
the  documents  before  us,  are  simply  as 
follows  : — Lord  Napier,  who  had  pro- 
reeded  to  China,  charged,  under  the 
Royal  Commission,  to  introduce  the 
new  system  of  intercourse  between  the 
subjects  nf  Great  Britain,  and  those  of 
the  so-called  Celestial  Empire,  arrived 
in  Macao-roads  on  the  Kith  of  July, 
1S34.  His  commission  was  to  watch 
over  and  protect  the  interests  of  British 
subjects  resident  at,  and  resorting  to 
iixc  Empire  of  China,  fur  the  purpose 


of  trade,  and  to  afford  all  such  adcice, 
information,  and  (uaittance,  as  it  might 
be  in  his  power  to  give,  with  a  view  to 
the  it^e  and  <irerp««/H/ conduct  of  their 
commercial  transactions ;  and  to  the 
utmost  of  his  ability  to  protect  them 
in  the /jeoteai/p  prosecution  of  all  laic- 
ful  enterprises  ;  and  by  the  exertion  of 
his  utmost  influence  and  authority  to 
adjust,  by  arbitration  or  frsvasion,  all 
disputes  in  which  Britith  subjectt  mig\it 
be  then  engaged  with  one  unotker. 

Notice  of  bis  Lordship's  arrival  was 
immediately  sent  to  the  Hong  Mer- 
chants at  Canton  ;  oad,  as  it  appears, 
was  bv  them  forthwith  forwarded  to 
Loo,  the  Governor  of  Canton,  who  is- 
sued instructions,  dated  the  2l5t  of 
July,  that  his  Lordship  should  con- 
linue  at  Macao,  and  if  he  wanted  to 
come  to  Canton,  inform  the  merchants 
that  they  might  previously  petition 
the  Governor,  who  would  send  the 
petition  by  post  conveyance  to  Pekin, 
adding,  'all  must  respectfully  wait  till 
the  mandate  of  the  Great  Emperor  h&s 
been  received — then  orders  will  be 
issued  to  require  obedience.'  But  this 
long  established  practice,  in  China,  of 
acting  in  conformity  with  imperial 
mandates,  appears  not  to  have  been 
precisely  the  practice  which  it  suited 
the  taste  of  his  Lordship  to  adopt,  in 
regulating  hh  conduct.  The  distance 
of  Fekin  from  Canton,  makes  it  a 
postage  of  at  the  least  eleven  days,  and 
the  return  would  have  occupied  eleven 
more;  to  which  must  have  been  added 
whatever  time  his  [mperial  Majesty 
might  have  thought  fit  to  re(|uire  for 
deliberation  respecting  the  manner  in 
which  he  should  regulate  the  inter- 
course his  Lordship  had  been  sent  to 
superintend.  This  delay,  to  a  man  of 
his  Lordship's  ardent  temperament,  was 
insupportable;  an<l  accordingly  waiv- 
ing all  ceremony,  and  dispensing  wiih 
the  honours  of  a  public  entry,  his 
Lordship  first  appointed  his  coadjutors, 
and  particularly  the  late  Dr.  Morrison, 
to  conduct  his  correspondence  with  the 
Chinese  ;  and  then,  accompanied  by 
them,  betook  himself  to  his  boat,  late 
in  the  day  on  Uie  24th  of  July,  and 
after  cncounteiing  a  stormy  and  rainy 
night  on  the  Canton  river,  landed  on 
tlie  morning  of  the  25th  at  the  factory 
al  Canton,  a  building  which  has  been 
allotted  by  the  Chinese  for  the  tempo- 
rary residence  of  the  English  merchants. 


I 


A 


Pr^ceediMffi  of  Lord  Kmfitr  ta  CUm. 


.    lltia  nwriwMo  rfAU  acquired  for 
hi*  iMirdMip  tbc  hMMMir  of  being  re- 

[>ortod  Ui  thie  ChinM«  IocaI  authorities, 
ty  the  fterrantB  at  the  Castnm-hoase, 
aji  a  Barbartao  i^jr«  (which  \i  afigora* 
tive  term  apjilicd  to  his  Lordship  by 
the  Chinc«e,  to  describe  bh  office  of 
nu fieri ntcndant),  who.  with  three  other 
Rnyl'uh  devili,  had  clande»tmt>ly  ttolen 
into  daattm  ;  and,  according  to  report, 
bia  sabcequent  appearance,  parading 
tht  wharf  arm-in-arni  with  two  ofTen- 
itive  Europeans,  in  a  rodgh  sailor's 
jacket,  has  not  at  nil  tended  to  exalt 
him  in  the  eyes  of  the  Chinese,  who 
are  well  known  to  attach  high  im- 
portance to  appropriate  dresses  on 
public  functionaries. 

The  ciurcapondencc  which  subsc- 
quontly  took  place,  exhibits,  we  arc 
compelled  to  acknowledge,  reason  and 
areiiment  on  the  part  of  the  Chinese; 
while  on  that  of  the  British  intruders, 
there  is  mBnifested  a  great  deal  of 
pugnacity  and  defiance,  and  little 
more. 

•The Chinese nation/pays  Governor 
Loo,  '  has  its  lawn ;  it  is  so  every- 
where. Even  England  has  its  laws. 
How  much  more  the  Celestial  Empire  J 
How  AamiDg  bright  are  its  gn^at  laws 
and  ordinances,'  8tc.  His  Lordship  is 
then,  through  the  Hong  Merchants, 
admonished  that  he  has  violated  those 
finminrf  bright  lauf,  and  is  required  by 
way  of  atonement  to  return  to  Macao, 
and  there  to  await  a  regular  permis- 
sion  to  come  to  Canton.  This  he  re- 
fuses to  do,  and  says  that  nothing  but 
fixed  bayonets  shall  drive  him  out  of 
tlie*f&ctory  ;  which,  be  it  still  remem- 
bered, stands  on  the  territory  of  China, 
And  is  no  more  than  a  place  alIotte<i  by 
the  goTemmcnt  for  the  temporary  use 
of  the  merchants,  durins;  the  season  of 
trade.  It  would  seem,  how^ever,  by 
this  nnrri  proceeding  of  his  Lordship, 
that  he  dc«ign«d  to  convert  it  into  a 
fraehotd  estate.  Putf^mnm  is  nine 
Mints  of  the  law.  aivonling  to  the  old 
Niglish  odagv;  and  for  any  other 
|»oiat«  *iidi  aa  th«  point  of  ri^ht.  it 
wottM  probftUy  «(>pe«r  to  his  Lntd- 
•hip.  M  it  haa  to  WMD»  recent  writers 
MtkkMt^jwt.  *»wyrii<fwhiii'  loMiy 
Mr  lUif  akoat  it. 

It  tppfva  tiMt  ^  Hm<  ■MvdMMAi, 
row iiktim  tlMrt  tWy  ImhI  wnm  \m- 
lN«tA  ia  tW  MtUnatal  tC  dl  ilii^nrtM 


tafuef's  mm^fmttiim,  will  crTUioly 
not  \m^nm  tW  i«l«e  of  the  tnusoe, 
or  loww  th*  |«ic»  of  tea.  of  whic^Uw 
toIm  hm  rtmi  ia  Hm  Muirt  aboot 
pnv^pfOfCC  pcv  M. 

Tkr 


f 


between  their  naitioD  and  aan,  and  in 
the  peaceful  management  of  a  hithcfto 
profitable  trade,  invited  the  Engtish 
merchants  at  Canton  to  a  conlbrence 
ID  the  CoBsoo-hall;  but  in  this  his 
Lordship  forestalled  them,  by  inviting 
a  public  meeting  of  those  merchants 
at  an  eariier  hour  oo  the  same  day,  in 
the  Chamber  (A  Commerce.  At  that 
meeting  the  very  reasonable  proposal 
of  the  Hong  merchants  was  read  and 
rejected,  and  the  consequence  was  that 

THE  TKADB  WAS  STOPPED. 

Lord  Napier  threatened  to  anchor 
before  Canton  with  his  ships  of  war. 
Supfmsing  him  to  have  dune  so,  would 
he  Are  on  the  city  or  would  he  not? 
If  he  did  not,  he  might  expect  to  be 
laughed  at,  as  swaggerers  and  brava- 
does in  China  have  been  before  him. 
If  he  did,  he  would  be  guilty  of  the 
murder  of  every  Chinese  who  might 
fall  before  his  cannon  shot.  The  act 
would  be  one  of  unjustifiable  aggres- 
sion on  an  independent  state  ;  leading 
to  war,  the  duration  anil  consequences  M 
of  which  it  would  be  impossible  to  H 
foresee. 

Had  the  scheme  of  intimidating  the 
Chinese  never  been  tried,  the  inexpe- 
diency of  such  an  experiment  would 
be  less  apparent  than  it  Is  ;  but  it  has 
been  attempted  before,  and  unfortu- 
nately, in  every  instance,  from  the  im-  _ 
prisonment  of  Mr.  Flmt,  in  l^S",  to  ■ 
the  stoppage  of  trade  in  1829,  resulted  ■ 
in  discredit  and  considerable  pecuniary 
loss.  On  these  occasions,  as  the  Chi*- 
nese  express  it,  we  '  lost  fact.'  by 
abandoning  the  high  ground  and  pe- 
rcmptof)'  tone,  which  for  the  occasion 
we  had  assumed,  and  by  conceding  the 
matter  in  dispute.  This  was  the  re- 
sult in  the  Linton  affair,  after  the  East 
India  Company  had  lost  lOO.OOOi.  in 
tonnage  of  the  ships,  which  were  de- 
tamed  in  Chma  till  the  dispute  was 
settled. 

If  we  have  been  correctly  informetl, 
there  were  ikl.fMHJ  tuns  of  British  ahipa 
in  China  in  July  last,  of  which  tae 
prime  coat  was  71.  per  ton.  and  they 
were  tbctt  etioed  at  4L  per  ton.  The 
stnppa^  of  tm^.  occasioned  by  Lord 
Nasuef  s  mmiSmitiim.  will  cvrtainlw 


1835.] 


Denlh  of  Lord  Napier. — Poetical  Facetiit. 


269 


1  vt 

w 


The  very  crista  predtrted  in  the  former  port  of  this  article  has  occurred  ;  and  the 

^Intelligence  of  it  has  arrived  «»  thia  olieet  was  going;  to  press,    l^urd  Napier  is  no 

iore  !     He  hiis  fallen  u  victim  to  the  vxztn  of  liis  proc«edinj^,  as  alr«;a('y  di'scribt'd. 

r  IoD|;  discussions  with  the  guHturdinate  authorities  at  Canton,  he  was  compelled 

to  re-embark  for  Macao  on  the  ^Ist,  a%  it  is  stated,  in  had  henlth,  probably  throuc^h 

'exation,  and  in  a  sort  of  custody;  the  vessel  in  which  he  travelkd  being  surrounded 

L Chinese  junks,  with  mandarins  and  nuisicians  on  board,  who  kept  up  a  peqietual 
nour  with  their  gongs,  to  his  great  annoyance.  Soon  after  his  arrivad  in  Macao, 
on  the  ?7th  of  September,  he  fell  a  victim  to  fever  ;  dying  there  on  the  *21gt  of  Oc- 
tober- He  was  buried,  at  his  own  rc<juest,  by  the  side  of  his  late  Chinese  Secretary, 
Dr.  Morrison. 

I^^rd  Napier's  visit  to  Chinn  has  not  been  unattended  bj  bloodshed.  Tlie  frigates 
wore  called  up,  and  fired  on  the  Chinese  forts.  The  Chinese  returned  the  fire,  not 
without  effect,  and  there  has  been  slaughter  on  both  sides ;  but,  of  course,  more  loss  nn 
that  of  the  Chinese  than  on  ours.  Ha^^ing  cjipclled  the  Barbarian  Eyr,  the  Chinese 
liave,  it  is  said,  with  great  affectation  of  magnanimity  rc-opened  the  trade,  giving 
ibrtb  that  they  do  not  visit  the  sins  of  one  party  on  the  head  ai  another  ;  but  at  tlie 
•aiue  time  have  commanded  all  British  ships  of  war  to  quit  the  China  Seas,  which 
iiiorder  has  boen  obeyed. 

Mr.  Davis,  who  aucceeded  to  the  office  of  Chief  Superintendent,  has  written  home 
for  fresh  orders  ;  till  the  receipt  of  which  be  designs  to  take  no  further  steps. 


P  ORDER  and  arrangement  are  very 
good  things  where  they  can  be  conve- 
tiicutly  observed  :  where  they  cannot, 
it  would  be  mere  folly  to  make  the  at- 
tempt ;  and,  excepting  as  to  the  gene- 
ral subjects,  wc  AmW  not  preletid  to 
j  carry  any  such  design  into  execution. 

The  chief  materials  of  the  present, 
and  of  some  other  papers,  will  be  de- 
rived from  the  extraordinary  libfary 
of  the  late  Mr.  Hcber,  including  books 
that  have  nut  yet  been  sold,  as  well 
|as  those  already  brought  to  the  ham- 
ITDcr.  In  the  first  irihtance  we  propiise 
Tin  speak  of  old  English  poetical  Fa- 
Vtetiie,  avoiding  as  much  as  possible 
Ij^Duud  that  has  been  previously  trml- 
jden.  Our  principal  claim  to  attcri- 
[ tion  will  be  derived  from  the  novelty  of 
'the  topic  and  the  rarity  of  the  works 
^by  which  it  will  be  illustrated.  In 
^treating  it,  while  wc  reject  the  tram- 
[^inels  of  order,  we  nevertheless  intend  to 
}roceed  ■with  some  regard  to  system. 
We  confine  oursolvea  to  poetical  Fa~ 
\etlia',  not  because  there  is  n«>t  a  great 
^deal  of  amusement,  and  knuu  tedgc  too, 
\\o  be  obtained  from  prose  productions 
I  of  the  samo  class,  but  bc-tausc  to  cxa- 
^minu  the  latter  with  any  degree  of 
^minuteness  and  attention  would  oc- 
'  too  much  space,  and  by  open - 
ig  too  wide  a  held  of  inquiry  and 
'discussion,  lead  us  far  out  olnurwny. 
'\iv  siIkiuM  have  to  speak  of  the  Hun- 
[dmi  Mrrrif  Tnlrf,  the  Tnlis  niirl  Quirk 
Amiiert,  ami  Ihr   Mrrrif   TuUi  nf  Ihr 


ON  OLD  ENGLISH  POETICAL  PACETIyE. 


Mad  Mnt  of  Gotham,  all  printed  in  tlie 
reign  of  Henry  Vlll. ;  of  those  of 
the  Jests  of  Scoggin  and  of  Will  So- 
mera  ;  of  those  of  Tarlton  and  Pecle  ; 
and  80  on  dov^'n  to  the  H'it  and  Mirth 
of  Taylor  the  Water  Poet,  or  to  the 
imputed  jests  of  the  celebrated  Arcliy. 
It  would  not  be  difficult  to  trace  many 
of  the  stories  inserted  striatim  in  each 
of  these  collections,  not  only  from 
work  to  work  a-s  they  came  out  at 
various  periods,  but  up  to  their  ori- 
ginals in  Greek,  Latin,  German, 
French,  Spanish,  and  Italian.  The 
latter  language,  indeed,  was  a  most 
fruitful  source  from  which  such  men 
as  Andrew  Borde  (author  of  the  Merry 
Tales  (if  the  Mad  Men  vf  Gotham,  and 
probably  of  other  similar  works  pub- 
lished about  the  same  date)  drew  his 
materials.  Not  a  few  nf  these  have 
come  down  to  our  own  day,  and  with 
ccTtain  mnderni/ations  are  found  in 
nearly  every  edition  of  Joe  Miller. 
Those  industriou!*,  acute,  and  learned 
antiquaries,  the  Brothers  Grimm,  in 
their  collections  of  liumonms  narra- 
tives ctirrent  among  the  peasantry  of 
Germany,  &c.  have  given  a  Tale, 
which  with  others  has  lecently  been 
rendered  into  English  ;  but  the' trans- 
lator was  not  at  all  awrtrethat  it  made 
its  appearance  in  our  laDgi.iage  three 
hundred  years  ago,  and  that  ita  real 
fMiginal  was  in  nil  prababilily  Italian. 
Wc  (ir»t  meet  with  it  in  English  la  the 
volume   called.  Tales  and  CLuVcW   An< 


I 


270 

«mv«.  prisM  bf  Berthdet,  nev  the 
middle  of  the  reip  of  Heaiy  VIII. 
and  after  uadcrgouig  Tarious  ch«nge> 
in  tlie  interral.  we  ania  find  it  em- 
plored  in  PmtfmWt  /«•#»  tared  ritk 
M^hfr  Bmmek*»  IfcrruMnfe,  1604, 4to, 
whidi  was  one  of  the  most  cnrioos 
books  of  the  kind  sold  in  the  fourth 
part  of  Mr.  Heber'a  coUectioa.  There 
it  is  given  as  follows : 

**  A  drceipt  of  tibe  hope  <tf  the  eore- 
lou  with  a  Toniip. 

**  The  King  or  Ttwatet,  ChsHea  the 
nfth,  bring  presented  by  a  poor  Gar> 
draer  with  a  tamip  of  a  hoge  great- 
ne«s.  gare  him  for  his  reward  500  crowns, 
giTing  him  charge  to  lay  it  op,  and  keep  it 
safrly  for  him  ti^  he  did  call  for  it;  wUch 
bounty  being  noted  of  all  his  court,  and 
rkielly  obsenred  by  one  covetous  ridi  offi*' 
cer  of  his  house,  caused  him,  in  hope  of 
some  greater  recompence  for  a  greater 

firvsent,  to  present  his  M^esty  with  a 
air  and  goodly  horse:  which  the  King 
thankfully  receiving,  noting  his  miser- 
able nature,  and  that  his  sut  rather  did 
proceed  from  hope  of  gain  than  good  will, 
called  for  the  tumip,  wherewith  he  re- 
warded the  miserable  asse;  at  which  he 
no  less  fretted  than  all  that  saw  it  heartily 
Uughed." 

How  ranch  Messsrs.  Grimm  in  their 
A'lWer  MMf  HaM  Maerehen  have  im- 
proved this  simple  incident  by  addi- 
tional rircumstanccs,  will  be  seen  by 
th\wv  who  are  acquainted  with  their 
«utii^  work,  or  with  the  extracts  from 
it  piintvil  under  the  title  of  Germtm 
IV^H^i'  Sturit*,  It  is  given  at  greater 
ImuIU  thKii  in  PtuquiVt  Jm/«  by  the 
MHUittr  of  'J\tht  awi  Q<«*<'i  Jntwfn, 
hMt  Siw  in»in  features  are  the  same 
iKvU"  ««  in  the  /'bcefi«  of  Poggio, 
^h^^tsH*  it  was  translated  into  the  rh- 
s^%f  Sl¥tH  tt  Jiitrtti  di  diverti  Sifnori 


Om  Old  Saglhk  P^etinl  Faeetm. 


[Mut*, 


v4  |>N^«MM»  fuimt*  by  Domcnichi,  so 
satvw  imprinted.  The  edition  before 
V(«  u  lh4t  of  Venice,  1565,  to  which  a 
•V>vutlh  h«H)k  was  for  the  first  time 
%M^\  'I'hcre.  as  well  as  in  the  oldest 
iu^lUU  «uthorit3^>  the  anecdote  is  at- 
UihuWU  tu  Louis  XI.  and  not  to 
<'WIv»  V-  as  in  PatquU'a  JnU.  The 
\tMiU!  dvurso  was  run  by  other  stories 
•^iul  ivata  tuuud  in  the  two  English 
I  vUvctJwwa  above  referred  to ;  and  one, 
VH  (ikv  v>ld  uiau  that  put  himself  in 
i4u  .v.«'!.  Uattd»,"  •»  »t  '•  entitled  in 
ru.'<*  ''.nd  Q«««c*  Anawfrt,  may  be 
li.k.  .vl  III  ;*liua»t  every  book  of  the 
kiu>l  t^^^u  the  v«ar  1534  to  1834.    It 


is  a  Ihct  worth  mentioidng  in  connec- 
tioB  with  this  subject,  that  the  noto- 
rious Tale  of  WhiitiMgUm  ami  hi$  (M 
(supposed  to  be  indigenous  to  this 
country)  is  first  narradted  by  the  Pio- 
vano  Ariotto,  who  died  in  1483,  and 
whose  Faeett0  Motti,  Sec.  were  col- 
lected and  printed  soon  afterwards. 
It  is  there  given  under  the  following 
title,  //  Piooamo  a  urn  Pnte,  cAe  fim 
mereamtia  di  paUe,  dice  la  waotiia  ddk 
gatte,  and  the  hero  is  represented  t» 
have  been  a  aMrchant  of  Genoa. 

The  way  in  which  the  very  oldest 
of  our  dramatists  have  made  use  of 
these  ancient  jest  books  may  be  shewn 
in  a  single  instance.  In  the  Interlude 
of  Tkfnitea,  written  in  1537,  we  read 
the  subsequent  dialogue  between  the 
hero  and  Vulcan,  after  the  former  has 
required  the  latter  to  make  a  helmet  or 
sallet  for  him.  Vulcan  pretends  not 
to  understand  Thersites,  on  which  he 
observes, 

"  I  mean  a  sallet,  with  which  men  da 
light. 

iiule.    It  is  a  saaU  tasting  of  a  man^s 
might 
That  he  should  for  any  matter 
Pight  with  a  few  herbs  in  a  pUtter. 
Nogreat  land  should  follow  that  victory. 

TOere.  ^  God's  passion !  Muldber,  where 
18  thy  wit  and  memory  ? 
I  vrould  have  a  sallet  made  of  steel. 

Mmlc    Why,  Sir,  in  your  stomach  long 
you  shall  it  feel. 
For  steel  is  hard  to  digest." 

The  point  of  this  colloquy,  such  as 
it  is — the  play  upon  the  words  "  sal- 
lad"  and  "sallet"— is  contained  in 
one  of  the  jests  in  TV  SacifuU  of 
^Teiot,  which  is  mentioned  by  lAue- 
ham  in  his  letter  from  Kenilworth, 
and  which  (though  no  edition  older 
than  a  century  afterwards  is  now 
known)  had  been  printed  certainly 
long  before  1575.  and  in  all  probabi- 
lity prior  to  1535. 

Dismissing,  therefore,  prose  Facetim 
■with  these  few  observations,  we  shall 
proceed  to  examine  some  of  the  hu- 
niourous  productions  in  verse  which 
formed  part  of  the  library  of  Mr.  He- 
I>er,  or  have  elsewhere  come  under  our 
notice ;  remarking  in  the  outset  that 
We  shall  scrupulously  avoid  the  inser- 
tion of  any  thing  objectionable  on  the 
•core  of  delicacy  or  propriety.  That 
this  will  be  a  task  of  some  difficulty. 


1835.] 


On  Old  English  Poetical  Faeetia. 


371 


will  be  apparent  to  tfiogc  who  arc  at 
all  acquainted  with  the  unconstrained 
manner  in  which  our  ancestors  thought, 
and  the  free  language  in  which  they 
eipresscd  their  thoughts-  For  this 
reason  Bome  productions  of  a  highly 
amusing  kind,  and  afTor<ling  curious 
illustrationa  of  the  mnnnera  of  the 
tine  when  they  were  written,  must  be 
Maled  books  to  us,  or  at  most  can 
only  he  glanced  at,  with  the  selection 
of  a  few  passages,  affording  a  very  ira- 
rfect  notion  of  the  nature  and  cen- 
ts of  the  whole.  One  of  these  oc- 
ta  to  U3  at  thia  moment,  Jill  of 
'ord's  Tctiamftit,  a  tract  of  ex- 
resaive  rarity,  of  wliLch  we  believe 
only  two  copies  are  known,  one  at 
Oxford  and  the  other  recently  sold.  It 
was  written  by  Robert  Copland  and 
printed  by  William  Copland  ;  and  the 
humoar  of  it  is  of  the  very  broadest 
description — so  broad  that  we  ore  un- 
able even  to  allude  to  the  nature  of  the 
quests  the  old  lady  is  represented  to 
ve  made  to  her  friends,  and  tspe- 
ially  to  the  Curate  who  <)rew  her  wilJl, 
and  who  might  rfaaonahly  have  ex- 
pected a  more  substantial  reward  for 
his  pains.  In  his  Profojue  CopJand 
*'  the  auctor"  thus  describee  his  he- 


•        Hf. 

Di 
Ai 

th 

J       " 

'  WC  I 

^_othe 
■1^1 

I        .1. 


>*  At  Brentford  on  the  we«t  of  I^ondon, 
igh  to  n  place  that  called  ia  .Sion  ; 
ere  dwelt  a  widow  of  a  holy  sort, 

Huae£t  in  substance  and  full  of  !(p«rt. 

Dally  nhc  cnultl  with  pastime  and  jc»t8 

Among  her  neighbours  .-ind  her  ^ue«tfs. 

She  kept  an  ton  of  rii^lit  f^ncid  luJ|{ing 
'or  all  Mtates  thatthitbcr  were  cuaiing." 

Here  we  must  stop,  with  the  more 
igret,  l>ecause  the  produt'tion  has  not, 
that  we  remember,  been  any  where 
examined  and  criticised.      llowcver, 
WC  shall  be  able  farther  on  to  find  an- 
her  unobjectionable  passage  in  the 
logue.  though  from  the  body  of  the 
t  it  ifi  impossible,  for  the  reason 
above  stated,  to  quote  a  single  line. 
K.  Copland  goes  on  to  state,  that  not 
\  able  to  understand  a   singular 
proverbial   phrase  he    had   often 
card,    he   mentioned  it  to  a  friend, 
whom  he  calls  John  Hardisay — 
A  merry  fellow  in  each  company, 
hfch  Mid,  '  Copland,  thou  lookest  dry.* 
Tie  truth,'  quoth  I,  '  is  oh  you  say, 
r  I  drank  not  of  all  this  day ;  ' 
of  a  short  talc  to  make  an  end, 
To  the  Red  Lion  at  tlic  Shnuihks*  end. 


We  went  for  to  drink  good  ale, 

And  as  he  was  telling  his  tale, 

I  ofcred  hiru  for  to  drink  first. 

'  Coptiuid,'  quoth  be,  '  art  thoa  a-thirst, 

And  biddeth  me  a-fore  to  drink  ? 

To  my  judgment  I  do  think 

Of  Jillof  Brentford  v.OTthy  thou  art,'  "  &c. 

Copland  asks  for  an  explanation  ; 
and  his  friend  Hardisay  (who  seems 
to  have  been  one  of  our  earliest  anti- 
quaries and  collectors  of  MSiS.  and  to 
have  delighted  in  all  that  was  quaint 
and  droSl.)  professes  to  have  discovered 
it  in 

"  An  old  scroll,  oil  ragged  and  rent, 

Beseeniin;^  it  is  some  merry  intent. 

As  divers  say  that  do  it  read, 

But  gallant  toys  there  are  indeed. 

it  iH  antique,  broken,  and  so  raced 

That  all  tlio  chief  is  clean  defaced. 

Take  it,  and  1  pray  thoe  heartily. 

Look  thereiin,  and  if  thou  espy, 

That  it  be  of  any  substance 

Of  mirth  or  of  honest  pastance. 

And  where  thoji  spyest  that  it  doth  want. 

Or  where  fnr  laok  the  miitter  is  skant, 

Put  to  it  as  is  amrording 

To  the  matter  in  every  thing. 

Keep  it  with  thee  and  take  some  |>Ain 

The  pour  man  shall  have  bis  mare  again. '^ 

Copland  carries   the  scroll  home, 
reads  it,  and  finds  it  very  entertaining 
and  satirical.     Ttu>  sick  widow,  with 
a  cup  of  her  own  ale  in  her  hand,  be- 
queaths   hve    and    twenty    ludicrou&jj 
legacies,  besides  that  to  the  Curate,  to  ' 
persons  of  all  classes ;   and  after  ahe^ 
has  concluded,  Jill  of  Brentford  ex- 
claims, 

"  >\T]at,    maid!    come'  hither,    I 'shrew 

your  neck, 
Bring  us  up  shortly  a  quart  of  seek, 
A  couple  of  buna,  and  set  db  some  cheese. 
So,  friends,  ye  shall  not  all  your  Inbout 

leese ;  [yOB,^ 

I  have,  OS  now,  no  better  cheer  to  makl " 
Be  merry  and  welcome,  to  God  I  betake 

you." 

With  these  words  "  the  jolly  old 
girl"  is  supposed  to  die;  and  in  a 
concluding  "  exhortation  "  Copland 
entreat-s  his  renders  to  take  "'  this 
little  pretty  fantasy "  in  good  part. 
As  we  before  said,  we  are  sorry  to  be 
under  the  necessity  of  giving  ao  im>*j 
perfect  an  account  of  it ;  if  we  gav 
more  we  arc  sure  that  our  reader 
would  not  take  "  this  little  pretty  fan-' 
tasy  "  in  good  part. 

The  Tiwkf  merry  Jnta  of  the  fH- 


272 


Om  OU  BrngBsk  PoHiemi  Faeetue. 


[Mareh, 


dow  Edftk  are  liable  to  tbe  same  ob- 
jrctioD.  though  it  majr  not  apply  to 
them  in  tbe  same  degree.  They  are 
considerably  older  than  Jill  of  Stmt- 
ford's  TeHatmeut.  having  been  first 
printed  by  fUstell  in  1525;  but  the 
edition  sold  among  Mr.  Heber's  books 
was  that  of  1573.  "  imprinted  at  Lon- 
don in  Fleetlane  by  Richarde  Johnes," 
but  they  have  not  an  equal  portion  of 
coarse  humour.  The  jests  are  in  fact 
not  so  much  jokes  as  impositions  and 
frauds  practised  by  the  Widow  Edytfa 
upon  various  persons  and  in  various 
places.  The  nature  of  the  tract  is 
stated  pretty  fully  upon  the  title-page 
in  the  following  lines : 

"  This  lying  widow,  false  and  crafty. 
Late  in  England  hath  deceived  many, 
Both  men  and  women  of  every  degree. 
As  well  of  the  spiritual  as  temponlty  ; 
Lords,  knights,  and  gentlemen  also, 
Yeomen,  grooms,  and  that  not  long  ago  ; 
For  in  the  time  of  King  Henry  the  Eight, 
She  hath  used  many  a  subtle  sleight ; 
What  with  lying,  weeping,  and  laughing. 
Dissembling,  boasting,  and  flattering ; 
As  by  this  book  hereafter  doth  appear. 
Whose  list  the  matter  now  for  to  near, 
No  feigned  stories,  but  matters  indeed, 
Of  xij  of  her  jests  here  may  ye  read, 
Now  newly  printed  this  present  year 
For  such  as  delight  merry  jests  for  to 
hear." 

The  name  of  the  author,  Walter 
Smith,  is  also  inserted  on  the  title* 
|»aite  I  and  the  remark  that  would  oc- 
rur  after  a  perusal  of  all  the  tales,  is 
iMi*  of  disappointment  at  the  baldness 
and  rudeness  of  the  narrative  and  at 
Ihe  want  of  drollery  in  the  incidents. 
Tho  promise  in  short  is  much  better 
IhMn  the  performance.  There  is  a  copy 
Mf  this  edition  of  the  tract  in  the  Sel- 
U<Mt  volume  at  Oxford  ;  and  as  no  spe- 
vimen  of  it  has  been  inserted  in  bib. 
iimraphical  works,  we  will  present 
vtur  readers  with 

••  The  third  merry  jest:  how  this  Wi- 
Auw  iidy  th  deceived  her  Host  at  Hormin. 
■vr,  and  her  Host  at  Brandon-ferry,  and 
WrrMWtnl  money  of  them  both ;  and  also 
s.ii  Miutor  Ouy,  of  whom  she  borrowed 
I'uur  uiark. 

'l\\»  widow  then  walked  withouten  fear 
WH  thttt  ^ti  came  to  Horminger, 
\A  ilUiu  twu  miles  of  St.  Edmondsbury ; 
.\utl    (ht<i-«  *ikO  abode  fall  jocund  and 

lUM'ry. 
Ir'ui  iHi  niMco  tvJAy  of  six  weeks  day, 
\uA  )Mku>wvd  uMMiey  there  aa  she  lay. 
C 


Her  old  Ive  she  occupiad  still ; 
The  people  gave  her  credence  until. 
At  Thetford  she  said  her  stuff  lay. 
Which  false  was  proved  upon  a  day. 
Then  one  Master  Lee  committed  her  to 

ward. 
And  little  or  nought  she  did  it  regard. 
On  the  sixth  day  after  delivered  she  «■■, 
And  at  her  own  liberty  to  pass  and  re* 
pass.  [ferry. 

Then  straightway  she  took  to  Bnoidoa 
In  all  her  life  was  she  never  so  merry ; 
And  there  she  borrowed  of  her  host 
Thirteen  shillings,  with  mickle  boast 
Of  her  great  sut»tance  which  she  said 
she  had. 
To  Bradfield  straight  her  Host  she  lad, 
Where  she  said  that  she  dwelled  as  diaa. 
And  when  she  came  thither  she  fill'd  him 

a  can 
Full  with  good  ale,  and  said  he  was  wel* 
[come,  &c. 
An  oath  he  sware,  so  God  hhn  save. 
The  justice  should  know  of  her  deceit, 

'  Ah — — ,'  quoth  be,  *  heyt heytl ' 

The  justice  name  was  Master  Lee, 

He  sent  her  to  St.  Edmondsbury, 

And  there  in  the  jail  half  a  year 

She  continued  without  good  cheer ; 

But  after  she  was  delivered  out 

Upon  a  day  withouten  doubt. 

My  Lord  Abbot  commanded  it  should 

so  be, 
When  he  was  remembered  of  his  charity. 
From  thence  she  departed  and  to  Conlme 

she  come, 
Where  with  her  lies,  all  and  some, 
She  sojourned,  and  was  at  board 
In  a  house  of  my  Lord  of  Oxenford  ; 
Wherein  a  servant  of  his  own  did  dwell. 
Which  brewed  beer,  but  none  to  sell. 
The  brewer  was  called  John  Douchmon, 
With  whom  six  days  she  did  won. 
Then  after  to  Stratford  at  the  Bow 
She  repaired,  right  as  I  trow. 
And  seven  days  there  sh'e  abode 
Spreading  her  lies  all  abroad. 

In  which  time  one  Master  Guy, 
Supposing  nought  that  she  did  lie. 
And  trusting  of  her  to  have  some  good, 
Pour  marks,  by  the  sweet  Rood, 
He  lent  her  out  of  his  purse  anon, 
And  asked  ay  when  she  would  gon 
To  the  place  where  her  goods  were  laid  ? 
Which  was  at  Barking,  as  she  said. 
Master  Guy  and  his  sister  both 
To  ride  with  her  they  were  not  loth, 
Ne  grudged  nothing,  till  they  perceived 
That  she  had  them  falsely  deceived. 
Then  Master  Guy  with  eager  mood, 
In  the  place  whereas  they  stood, 
'Reft  her  both  kirtle  and  gown. 
And  in  her  petticoat  to  the  town 
He  sent  her  forth.     Mahound  her  save, 
For  his  four  marks  no  more  could  he 
have." 


1835.] 


Oil  Oid  English  Poetical  Facetut. 


273 


In  considering  the  language,  we  are 
to  bear  in  mind  that  it  is  that  of  the 
year  1525,  and  not  of  1573,  when  the 
tract  was  re-printed.  This  is  evi- 
denced, among  other  things,  by  the 
mention  of  Mahound  in  the  last  line 
bot  one ;  it  was  obtained  from  the 
Miracle -plays  in  which  Mahomet 
figured,  and  which  were  frequently 
represented  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
thoagh  they  fell  into  disuse  in  that  of 
Elizabeth,  when  the  Reformation  was 
folly  established.  The  gown  and  kir- 
tle  of  which  Edyth  was  bereft  so  un- 
ceremoniously by  Master  Guy,  was 
perhaps  the  gown  and  kirtle  out  of 
which  she  cheated  a  draper  of  London 
aa  related  in  "  the  sixth  merry  jest." 
Not  a  few  of  the  lady's  exploits  would 
now  come  under  the  police-office  de- 
nomination of '  shop-lifting.'  No  doubt 
there  was  such  a  person  as  the  widow 
Edyth  shortly  prior  to  1525 ;  but  never- 
theless  some  of  her  adventures  look 
like  invention,  and  remind  us  of  talcs 
by  Boccaccio  and  other  Italian  no- 
velists, as  for  instance  that  where  she 
obtained  "  a  nest  of  goblets,",  and 
that  where  she  persuaded  three  ser- 
vants of  Sir  Thomas  More  (then  re- 
siding at  Chelsea)  to  become  suitors  to 
her  at  one  time. 

Our  readers  will  perhaps  by  this 
time  have  had  enough  of  Jill  of  Brent- 
ford and  the  Widow  Edyth ;  and  to 
compensate  in  some  degree  for  the  un- 
favourable light  in  which  the  fair  sex 
has  appeared,  taking  the?e  two  re- 
nowned ladies  as  its  representatives, 
we  will  now  briefly  advert  to  a  pro- 
duction of  the  same  genus,  but  of  a 
different  species,  which  is  very  inte- 
resting also  in  a  bibliographical  point 
of  view. 

Warton  (Hist.*  Engl.  Poetr)',  III. 
426,  Svo.)  has  made  an  extract  from 
"  Thf  School- house  of  Women,"  printed 
by  Wyer  in  1542,  by  Kyng  in  150o, 
by  Pctyt  in  1561,  and  by  J.  Allde  in 
1572,  scrthat  it  is  evident  that  severe 
satire  upon  the  female  sex  was  ex- 
tremely popular.  Warton  axlds,  that 
"  the  author  was  wise  enough  to  sup- 
press his  name ;  "  and  Mr.  Utterson, 
when  he  reprinted  the  whole  tract  in 
his  "  Select  Pieces  of  Early  Popular 
Poetry,"  was  unable  to  stale  by  whom 
The  School-house  of  Women  was  writ- 
ten. A  tract  among  Mr.  Heber's 
books  enables  us  to  settle  the  point ; 

Gest.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


for  in  The  Praise  of  all  Women,  eaUed 
Mttlierum  Paan,  Edward  Gosenhyll, 
who  puts  his  name  to  it,  avows  that 
he  was  tiie  author  of  The  School  qf 
Women,  thinking  he  might  acknow- 
ledge it  with  impunity  at  the  moment 
when  he  was  making  some  amends 
for  his  former  ungallant  attack.  The 
Praise  of  all  Women  was  printed  with- 
out date  by  John  Kyng,  who  put 
forth  the  edition  of  The  Scfiool- house 
of  Women  in  1560.  The  Praise  of  aU 
Women  was  intended  as  an  antidote, 
and  Gosenhyll,  the  author,  has  cer- 
tainly, as  far  as  he  could,  balanced 
the  account.  He  feigns  a  vision  oil 
ladies  while  he  lay  asleep  in  the 
month  of  January,  prudently  taking 
one  of  the  longest  nights  for  a  dream 
of  corresponding  duration.  The  la- 
dies wake  him  tiliat  he  may  undertake 
their  defence. 

"  Awake,  they  said,  sleep  not  so  fast ; 
Consider    our    grief  and    how    we    are 

blamed, 
And  all  by  a  book  that  lately  is  past, 
Which,  by  report,  by  thee  was  first  framed. 
The    School  of  Women  —  none  author 

named. 
In  print  is  it  past,  lewdly  compiled, 
All  women  whereby  be  sorely  reviled." 

Venus,  who  is  present,  puts  her 
especial  commands  upon  Gosenhyll; 
and  the  body  of  the  work  consists  of 
a  long  harangue  by  the  Queen  of 
Beauty  in  laudation  of  the  ladies, 
which  the  author  puts  into  writing. 
He  cannot,  however,  avoid  making  a 
sly  hit  now  and  then  at  the  sex,  even 
in  the  midst  of  his  panegyric,  for  after 
referring  to  the  creation  of  Eve  as 
Adam's  companion,  (Venus  wisely 
omits  any  allusion  to  the  incident  of 
the  forbidden  fruit,)  he  inserts  the 
sub.sequent  humourous  and  satirical 
btanza : 

"  Some  say  the  woman  had  no  tongue, 
After  that  God  had  her  create, 
Until  the  mau  took  leaves  long 
And  put  tlicm  under  her  palate. 
An  aspen  leaf  of  the  devil  he  gate, 
And  for  it  nioveth  with  every  wind. 
They  say  women's  tongues  be  of  like 
kind." 

Venus  brings  forward  a  vast  num- 
ber of  instances  of  women  who  have 
done  honour  to  their  sex,  not  omitting 
Portia,  Lucretia,  Veturia,  &c,  but 
drawing  most  of  her  instances  from 
2  N 


^ 


the  Old  and  New  TestameMs,  in 
which  the  heathen  Goddess  appears 
to  have  b«en  remarkably  tvell  read. 
Again,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  pocm> 
Gosenhyll  deviates  into  his  natural 
satyrical  vein,  and  winds  up  the 
whole  as  followe,  the  lines  being  far 
from  uninteresting  with  reference  to 
the  manners  of  the  time  in  which  he 
wrote,  nearly  300  years  ago  : 

"  Which  things  remembered,  with  other 

mo, 
Tliiit  miierht  perrtanw  enlarge  this  book  ; 
Esitatrg  roinmonlj  where  I  go, 
Trust  their  wives  to  overlook 
Baker,  brewpr,  butler,  and  cook, 
With  other  oU  ;  man  medlcth  no  whit. 
Because  the  votuau  bath  the  <(tucker  wit. 

My  Indy  must  receive  and  pay, 
And  every  man  in  bi«  office  control ; 
And  to  each  cause  give  yea  and  nuy, 
BariB^in  and  buy,  and  set  all  snle. 
By  indenture  or  by  court  roll. 
My  ladj  mii.st  order  thus  all  thinK, 
Ur  small  shall  be  the  man's  winning. 

A  further  proof  herein  as  yet, 
By  common  report  we  hear  each  day  ; 
The  child  is  praised  for  bin  mother  wit, 
For  the  father's    condition's  depraved 

atway ; 
And  over  that  yourself  will  uy, 
SargeoDs  advantage  by  women  small. 
Because  they  be  no  fighters  at  all. 

An  end,  therefore,  hereof  to  make, 
Mctbinks  these  men  do  nothing  well, 
So  wilfully  to  brag  and  crake. 
And  against  all  women  so  to  gerel. 
And  yet  who  so  that  longest  doth  revel, 
And  this  book  rcadeth,  1  know  plainly, 
Shall  say,   or  be  shamed — "  Tongue,    1 
lie." 

The  aalbor  places  bi<i  name  in  the 
\tLst  staoxa  of  the  work,  which  he 
there  addresses : 

*'  Say  Edward  Go«enbyl]  took  the  kbour 
For  womanhood  thee  to  frame  ; 
Call  him  thine  author ;  do  not  ashame, 
Thanks  looks  he  none  for,  yet  would  he 

be  glad 
A  stair  to  stand  by  that  all  women  had." 

A  person  of  the  name  uf  Edward 
More  wrote  7^#  D^nct  of  ffoMeii  in 
I56u,  which  obvioasly  preceded  Go- 
senhyll's  Praite  of  all  tVomen,  as  More 
professes  himself  unahle  to  discover 
the  author  of  77ie  SchwA-hoiue  of 
Wmmen,  which  Goscnhyll  in  his  reply 
to  himself,  puhli»hed  Kub&ef|ucntly, 
•vows.  Gosriihyll  wa.'v  ptoiiabty  com- 
pelled to  make  amcDds,  if  be  wished 


to  have  any  peace  of  his  life ;  but 
More  was  a  young  volunteer,  under 
twenty,  or  he  would  have  known  bet- 
ter. More's  tract  has  been  reprinted 
by  Mr.  Uttcrson  in  vol,  11.  of  bis 
Ectrit/  Popular  Poetry,  but  from  a 
copy  that  was  defective  in  some  lines 
from  the  mutilation  of  the  binder; 
theae  it  may  be  as  well  here  to  supply, 
that  those  of  our  readers  who  have 
Mr.  Utterson's  work,  and  like  to  be 
verbally  accurate,  inny  correct  the 
errors,  though  comparatively  trifling. 
The  title  nt  the  coramiencement  of  the 
body  of  the  tract  is,  "  Here  bogyn- 
neth  the  bonkf"  and  not  **  poem  "  as 
Mr.  Utterson  has  given,  it.  Line  33, 
should  run,  "  Djfd  not  thf  devyll  en- 
deuor  to  rectayrae  her  to  hys  fyste." 
Line  383  should  begin,  "  But  yet  I 
cannot  chuse,"  &c.  ;  and  line  457 
should  begin,  "  Itif  mecmeii  whereof," 
&c.  Although  The  Dffmcf  of  H'otntn 
was  not  printed  by  Kyng  until  1560, 
after  he  had  published  his  edition  of 
The  School'hoHim  of  fVomen,  it  was 
written  in  1S57. 

As  we  are  upon  the  subject  of  the 
attacks  upon  and  defence  of  ladies, 
we  may  here  introduce  some  speci- 
mens of  a  very  rare  and,  on  many 
accounts,  interesting  poem,  which 
contains  a  good  deal  of  satirical  mat- 
ter upon  the  fair  sex,  by  an  author  of 
the  name  of  Thomas  Feylde,  who  pro- 
bably indulged  in  this  vein,  because  he 
had  been  unable  to  "  mollify  the 
marble  "  of  his  mistress,  whoec  ini- 
tials he  gives  at  the  close, 

"  Her  name  also  beginneth  with  A.  B." 

This  production  seems  to  hove  been 
twice  printed  by  VVynkyn  de  WoHc 
without  date,  one  edition  having  been 
sold  at  the  Hoxburghe  sale,  and  the 
other  at  the  auction  of  Mr.  Heber's 
books.  It  has  for  title,  "  A  contra- 
uersye  bytwcne  a  Louer  and  a  Jaye," 
and  we  give  it  in  the  letters  of  the 
original  t>ecBUse  they  differ  materially 
from  those  supplied  by  Dr.  Dibdin 
(Ames,  II.  331))  who  probably  took 
his  account  of  the  work  from  the  Rox- 
borghe  copy.  The  wood-cut  on  the 
title  is  the  same,  but  the  colophon 
varies,  viz.  "  Imprynted  at  London  in 
Hctcstn'te  at  the  >vgne  of  the  Sonne, 
by  Wynkyn  de  Wordc,"  and  both 
rdilionft  arc  without  date.  However, 
tliciic  arc  mere  dry  matters  of  biblio- 


i 
n 


n 

n 


i 


1833.] 


Oh  Old  English  Poetical  Facetue. 


275 


gtaphy,  and  we  shall  hasten  to  some- 
thing better. 

After  a  "  Prologae "  in  which  the 
aothor  praises  Chaucer,  Gowcr,  Lid- 
gate,  and  Hawes,  (a  poet  especially 
encouraged  by  Henry  VII.  who,  with 
all  his  parsimony,  was  liberal  to  the 
professors  of  art  and  literature  in  his 
reign,)  he  goes  on  to  relate,  in  very 
tripping  and  agreeable  verse,  of  a  novel 
metre,  that  as  he  lay  in  a  bower  in 
summer  time  he  heard  the  "  contra- 
versy"  between  the  Lover  and  the  Jay. 
The  bird  endeavours  to  wean  the  man 
from  his  silly  passioD ;  and  after  re- 
peating a  list  of  lightsome  ladies,  he 
thus  winds  up  with  a  general  assault 
and  battery  against  the  sex: 

"  Thus  in  conclasion 
Women  are  confusion 
And  final  destruction 

To  man  at  the  end. 
Yet  shame  it  is 
To  blame  them  doubtless, 
For,  as  Clerk  says. 

They  have  it  of  kind. 

Therefore  remember 
Their  young  age  tender, 
That  love  is  eager 

With  lusty  courage. 
To  love  in  youth 
Is  pleasure  enough. 
And  in  age  forsooth, 

It  is  bat  dotage. 

Trust  not  their  words, 
Nor  merry  hordes. 
For  knights  and  lords 

Deceived  hare  been. 
They  are  oft  mutable. 
They  are  false  and  variable ; 
Therefore  trust  them  but  little  - 

For  all  their  fair  een. 

Take  comfort  good. 
And  change  thy  mood, 
For  by  the  sweet  rood 

They  turn  as  the  wind. 
On  the  sea  I  have  been, 
And  many  jeopardies  seen ; 
What  need  I  more  rekene. 

Thou  knowest  my  mind." 

The  lover,  called  Amator,  remains 
unconvinced ;  and  after  the  Jay  has 
taken  her  flight,  walks  away  in  a  me- 
lancholy mood.  Feylde  id  not  very  par- 
ticular and  exact  in  his  rhimes;  but 
his  lyrical  measure  is  much  better 
adapted  to  the  subject  than  the  old 
ballad  staff  usually  adopted  about  this 


period,  and  in  which  the  Prologue  is 
written,  e.  g. 

"  Though  lanreat  poets  in  old  antiquity 

Feigned  fidse  fables  under  dowdy  sen- 
tence, 

Tet  some  intituled  ftroitful  morality. 

Some  of  love  wrote  g^at  circumstance  ; 

Some  of  chivalrous  acts  made  remem- 
brance ; 

Some  as  good  philosophers  naturally 
indited,  [spended." 

Thus  wisely  and  wittily  their  time  they 

This  form  of  stanza  had  been 
handed  down  from  at  least  the  days 
of  Chaucer.  He  calls  it  expressly 
"  the  balade  simple ; "  and  it  was 
very  much  employed  in  compositions 
of  that  description.  In  The  Contro- 
verty  between  a  Lover  and  a  Jay,  we 
meet  with  a  mention  of  the  satire  call- 
ed Cock  Lorel's  Boat,  which  also  came 
from  the  press  of  Wynkyn  de  Worde, 
probably  not  long  before. 

"  Though  nature  move, 
And  bid  thee  love. 
Yet  wisdom  would  prove, 

Ere  it  be  hot. 
When  fortune  sour, 
Doth  on  thee  lour, 
Thou  gettest  an  oar 

In  Cock  Lorel's  Boat." 

The  following  early  notice  of  the 
heroes  of  several  of  oar  most  famous 
English  romances  is  also  worth  quot- 
ing: 

"  Thus  am  I  wrapped 
And  in  woe  umbelapped. 
Such  love  hath  me  trapped. 

Without  any  cure. 
Sir  Tristram  the  good 
For  his  leman  Isoude, 
More  sour  never  'bode 

Than  I  do  endure. 

Lamwell  and  Lamarock, 
Gawayne  and  Lancelot, 
Garath  and  Caradock, 

With  the  Table  Round : 
Sir  Bcvis,  Sir  Ej^lamour, 
Sir  Terry,  Sir  Triamour, 
In  more  grievous  dolour 

Were  never  in  bound." 

And  thus  we  conclude  for  the  pre- 
sent. In  our  next  article  we  intend 
to  pursue  the  subject  of  old  English 
poetical  Facetia,  and  to  examine  par- 
ticularly some  very  curious  and  hu- 
morous tracts  for  and  againt  Matri- 
mony. 


276 


Rev.  P.  Hall  and  Bp.  Lowth's  Remains. 


[March, 


Mr.  Urkan,  Feb.  5. 

A  FEW  words  will  be  naturally 
expected  of  me,  in  reply  to  Mr. 
Sturges  Bourne's  letter  to  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  inserted  in  your 
last  Number.  They  shall  be  very  few, 
and  as  much  as  possible  to  the  pur- 
pose; to  which  end,  I  will  say  no- 
thing of  matters  of  opinion,  nothing  of 
matters  of  taate,  but  confine  myself 
entirely  to  matters  of  fact.  It  is  not 
on  the  score  of  either  taate  or  opinion, 
but  on  that  of  integrity,  that  I  am  ar- 
raigned by  my  antagonist  as  the 
Editor  of  Bishop  Lowth's  Remains. 
I  therefore  offer  no  argument  on  the 
comparison  of  handwriting,  of  abbre- 
viattoM,  of  orthography,  or  of  style,  as 
manifested  on  the  one  hand,  in  the 
acknowledged  productions  of  the  Bi- 
shop, and,  on  the  other  hand,  in 
those  now  attributed  to  him.  Such 
of  your  readers  as  may  have  had  the 
opportunity  of  examining  both  the 
one  and  the  other,  will  be  enabled  to 
form  an  estimate  upon  the  subject, 
according  to  their  previous  experience 
in  questions  of  the  same  kind ;  and 
there  I  am  quite  content  to  let  that 
portion  of  the  subject  rest. 

Now  to  facts,  which  involve  more 
or  less  directly  every  statement  of 
importance  in  Mr.  Bourne's  letter. 

1.  Mr.  Sturges  Bourne  informs  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  that  I  had 
"  asserted  in  print,  that  from  twenty-five 
to  thirty  volumes  of  MS.  annotations 
had  been  sold  by  auction  by  the  Bi- 
shop's representatives,  and  that  these 
(the  two  MS  volumes  of  Sermons) 
might  have  been  amongst  them."  A 
reference  to  the  passage  alluded  to 
(which  occcurs  In  my  former  letter, 
Gent.  Mag.  for  Sept.  1834,)  will  show 
that  the  number  specified  was  eight 
lots;  and  that  no  mention  whatever 
is  made  of  the  two  Sermons,  as  sup- 
posed to  have  existed  among  them : 
on  the  contrary,  they  are  distinctly 
described  as  composed  exclusively  of 
"  Annotations  and  Remarks."  This 
assertion  I  now  repeat,  as  well  as  my 
readiness  to  authenticate  it,  when  re- 
quired so  to  do. 

2.  Mr.  Bourne  has  informed  his 
Grace,  that  "  I  had  stated  again  and 
ayain  to  the  public,  that  I  would 
dwEAR  to  the  Bishop's  handwriting 
with  more  confidence   than  to .  any 


man's  except  my  own."  Such  an 
allusion  I  have  once  made,  and  only 
once ;  it  occurs  in  terms  exactly  the 
reverse  of  those  adduced  by  Mr. 
Bourne  in  the  letter  before  mentioned: 
"  I  should  be  loth  to  swkas  in  a 
Court  of  Justice  to  any  body's  hand- 
writing but  my  own  ;  but,  next  to  my 

own,    I  THINK    I   WOULD   SPEAK   with 

confidence  to  that  of  Bishop  Lowth." 

3.  Mr.  Bourne  has  informed  the 
Archbishop  that  the  titles,  preserved 
in  the  original  MSS.  had  been  oaa- 
celM,  and  the  date  of  1767  suppressed, 
and  was  not  to  be  found  in  any  pert 
of  the  printed  volume.  The  titles  are 
not  cancelled,  but  are  given  almost 
word  for  word  in  the  second  page  of 
the  introductory  memoir.  The  date, 
which  had  been  omitted  entirely  by  a 
typographical  oversight,  in  its  proper 
place,  is  also  given,  with  other  correc- 
tions, on  the  reverse  of  the  Table  of 
Contents;  though  the  omission  not 
being  discovered  till  after  the  day  of 
publication,  a  few  copies  may  possi- 
bly have  been  issued  without  it.  It 
may  be  just  worth  while  to  add,  in 
order  to  prove  the  competency  of  Mr. 
Sturges  Bourne  to  form  a  judgment  of 
comparative  handwritings,  that  the 
title-pages  of  the  MS  volumes  are 
quite  evidently  written  by  a  different 
person.  Whether  in  favour  of  their 
authenticity  or  not,  neither  their  owner 
nor  myself,  nor  any  one  but  Mr. 
Bourne,  pretends  to  doubt  this  cir- 
cumstance. 

4.  Mr.  Bourne  informs  the  Arch- 
bishop, that,  having  first  suppressed 
the  date,  I  then  assigned  the  period 
of  the  Sermons  to  Bishop  Lowth's 
possession  of  the  see  of  London.  The 
truth  is,  that,  having  first  given  the 
date,  I  added,  in  the  same  sentence, 
"  while  his  Lordship  held  the  see  of 
Oaford." 

5.  Lastly,  Mr.  Bourne  informs  his 
Grace,  that  the  Rev.  Peter  Hall  has 
represented  himse^  to  be  "  a  sounder 
theologian  than  Bishop  Lowth." — 
Whatever  may  be  the  Rev.  Peter 
Hall's  opinion  of  himself  (and  it  is 
not  common  to  a  corrupt  nature  to 
think  less  highly  than  it  ought  to  think 
of  its  own  pretensions),  he  has  not 
yet  ventured  to  offer  to  the  public  the 
expression  of  any  such  approval. 

The  Editor  op  Lowth. 


1835.]  277 

RETROSPECTIVE  REVIEW. 


Matthew  Stevenson's  Poems. 

1.  OctMsion's  Offering,  or  Poems  upon  several  occttsiona.  By  Mathew  Stevenson. 
1654.  12mo. 

2.  Poems,  or  a  Miacellany  of  Sonnetts,  Satyrs,  DroUings,  Panegyricka,  Elegaics, 
SfC.     By  M.  Stevenson.     1673.  12mo. 

3.  Poems.     By  Mathew  Stevenson.     1665. 

THE  above-mentioned  volumes,  which  are  in  the  writer's  possession,  are 
not  commonly  to  be  met  with  ;  but  two  more  seem  wanting  to  form  a  copi- 
plete  collection  of  M.  Stevenson's  publications  ;  viz. — 

4.  M.  Stevenson's  Bellum  Presbyteriale ;  or,  as  much  said  for  the  Presbyter  as 
may  be,  together  with  their  Covenant's  Catastrophe  held  forth  in  a  heroic  Poem, 
1661.   4to. 

5.  Norfolk  Drollery,  8fc.     1673. 

— although  we  suspect  the  second  article  to  be  the  same  as  No.  2  of  the  for- 
mer list,  with  a  different  title-page. 

6.  TAe  Wits,  or  Poems  and  Songs  on  various  occasions.  1685. 

Except  the  variation  of  the  title,  this  volume  is  the  same  with  the  Norfolk 
Drollery  ;  it  is  in  fact  the  self-same  edition,  and  not  a  reprinted  one.  See  Bib- 
liotheca  Anglo- Poetica,  p.  332. 

For  information  on  this  writer,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  following  books: 
Granger's  Biog.  History,  vol.  IV.  p.  56 ;  Walpole's  Catalogue  of  Engravers, 
art.  '  Gaywood  ;'  Censura  Liteiaria,  vol.  VI.  p.  8  ;  Ellis's  Specimens  of  Blng- 
lish  Poets,  vol.  III.  p.  336  ;  Nichols's  Select  Poems,  vol.  II.  p.  141.  Prefixed 
to  '  Occasion's  Offering,'  is  a  portrut  of  the  author  by  Gaywood,  with  the 
following  tetrastic  under  it : 

"  The  printer's  proffit,  not  my  pride, 
Hath  this  idesi  Jinify'd. 
For  he  posh'd  out  the  merrie  pay, 
And  Mr.  Gaywood  made  it  gay." 

Granger  has  made  in  his  account  of  this  portrait  no  less  than  three  mistakes. 
1.  He  prints  '  signified'  for  'finify'd.'  2.  He  reads  '  merrie  play'  for  'pay.' 
3.  He  calls  Stevepson  a  dramatic  author,  and  says  his  play  has  gone  into  obli- 
vion. 'The  Merrie  Play,'  if  that  is  the  correct  readmg,  means  his  'Norfolk 
Drollery.'  There  is  no  account  of  this  author  in  Ant.  Wood,  and  we  are  not 
acquainted  with  any  biographical  work  that  affords  a  notice  of  him. 

A  few  provincial  expressions,  as  well  as  his  dedication,  proved  that  he  lived 
in  Norfolk,  if  he  were  not  a  native  of  the  county :  as  Mp  or  Olp  for  bull- 
finch ;  Bloie  herring  for  the  half-dried  fish  ;  Cromes,  for  forks,  as  hay-crome ; 
Largess,  for  gifts  to  harvest-men  ;  Beck  for  brook.  The  game  of  Camp.  Killer 
for  tub.  Pitle  for  field.  Cypress  cat  for  tabby.  At  p.  63,  of  hia  Drollery,  we 
find  the  following  couplet : 

"  He  does  himself  'twixt  this  and  t'other  tide, 
Like  Beccles  steeple  from  the  church  divide." 

We  shall  now  give  a  specimen  or  two  from  each  of  the  three  volumes  which 
we  have  mentioned  to  be  in  our  possession,  which  will  make  this  by  far  the 
most  full  and  complete  account  of  the  author  at  present  existing.  1.  Miscel- 
lany,  1673,  is  dedicated  to  the  most  virtuous  and  ingenious  Madam  Mary 
Hunt  of  Sharrington-hall,  Norfolk,  under  whose  roof  it  appears  he  lived. 
Another  dedication  follows,  '  to  the  worshipful  my  very  noble  friend  Thomas 
Brown,  esq.  of  Elsing  Hall  in  Norfolk  ;'  which  house,  he  says,  '  has  been  his 
Indies.'  The  following  copy  of  verses  ushers  in  his  volume  '  to  the  accom- 
plished and  his  ingenious  friend  Mr.  Mathew  Stevenson,  on  his  facetious  poem  :' 


^mo^rscTivE  Review.  [March, 

-    -K  :•.  s.'rv  <?(  Uureated  Ben, 
■>■  ..«-^-'^».-  uii  Fletcher,  once  the  wiser  men. 
•     "i?  :ruf?    werv  sublime :  yet  I  «e 
■^»:!*»ilT  ooin|>»>sed  in  thee. 
-      v  >•  -13  i.*ntk*k.  ideot,  and  huff, 

v.i  's  '.iui:ers.  t^woar  they  have  enough, 
-..     'a:  'iie  learned  and  Mgacious  wit 
■«.. ..    .^«.A.*  ray  vorth.  'tis  oiifUent  well  writ, 
k     ;:«  -.^•em»,  justly  stilctl.  runs 
.     ..V.-.!  J'jhiu.  but  living  SteremtOM." 

Arth.  Tichbobnk. 

• ..  -..i.'^'n.  '  a  pretty  witty  boy,  that  never  suckt:' — 

'  utv^  -i,>  pu»«.  lie  that  for  June  or  July  seeks, 

.  «     i,  *Af.  No  almanac  need:>,  but  his  cheeks; 

.  t  ■>.'.  ^\  hen  brighter  rays  shoot  from  hia  ejCIf 

.     ..     ■!«.  ii-^h.  'Tis  >Iay  and  April  when  he  cries. 
..Hit;  liui  i[uiet.       For  roundness  and  complexion, 

,>  jc(-  His  face  is  just  an  apple-john. 

.  .>u.  His  locks  are  gold,  and  every  hair 

•  ^...  viii  'uau.  Nature  has  curl'd  into  a  snare. 

..•«».«..  His  body  is  all  over  bright, 

.    .     .    ..ua!  i>aiv.  As  Pelop's  shoulder,  heavenly  white ; 

«..   '.    i-oui.  And  as  it  is  as  white  as  milk, 

. .  !«.■  '>  >*i'Uib.  It  is  again  as  soft  as  silk. 

lul  Say,  have  ye  not  in  temples  seen 

..  .4.i>.«    ii3>  will ;  The  }H)urtraict  of  a  cherubin  ? 

. «.  *    iiiUjj  Suffi(*e  it,  tho*  ye  know  him  not, 

Ik   ')'iiU[$.  You  have  his  very  picture  got." 

.    ccoi,  ruo  long  to  rite,  upon  his  Majesty's  progress  into 
.     .,  '• .     'vniic  of  the  lines  near  the  ronriusion  may  be  given, 
.    \o>io;k  turn ilies  are  mentioned  in  them,  as  well  as  the 
K.  ..~..    (iuvia. 

to. 'io&art  did  bring  in  the  meat, 

>  -K     .u    K  \t  Jay  at  their  own  houses  treat. 
to    ..    «'    ' I  Mfy  did  his  Sovereign  bring, 

-^^   \^-iiiii.ih.  offered  to  the  King. 
~  .  .A>    *»"  Monarchs  and  two  Queens  has  seen, 
..    V  >^   Cm  h'd  there,  another  brought  a  Queen. 
■iw  .*»••*•/  of  the  treats  brought  up  the  rear, 
.  ...>>«  H.i»  uiy  Lord  Lieutenant  there, 
■s  .   ^»iii  Svnrieh,  for  whose  sake  I  writ, 

^  .h  ^udv.     SonHch  did  what  was  tit ; 
..   >.;•)  '.hcui  was  possible  at  least; 
.    .»v*  i-uuff.  that  docs  its  best. 
„        i.    v**y  iniffhteil  the  tofamtmt  Broirn, 
,^      I  iitJ  learning  to  the  world  are  known,"  &c. 

..«-•.  ■  largess'  in  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  which  still 

,  .   .    .«M«Hu.  no  where  else  is  known, 
,  .    ..    vn4».  *  here  nothing  e'er  was  sown; 
...»  av*i  »h-»ll  run  ye,  cap  and  leg, 
K»s  •*'il  «t  any  time  to  beg. 
.  ^,    ,  >«.  »v»i  of  each  passenger, 
''      ^  .  .■«.   »•«•'  they  a  lord  treasurer. 

.^    ■H'iKV  a*  well  as  prayers  bestow. 
. .  «»A  A'  ■»*?•—'  t'od  speed  the  plough !' 
"    ^  ^.  W..A  .<k««  ««"«»  to  make  ye  stand ; 
**      .'  ^...-svk  '•»»''  'heir  arms  in  hand  ; 

"     "^  .»  v»"  '"*  ''***'  *^^*^  "^  appears, 
"    ^  .■ »«  •«*  Uwir  harvest.ears. 


Matthew  8t9ven$tm't  Poem,  379 

'  If  BiiMUlog  dropi  into  flu  gq^iig  pone, 

Ye  OKtrj  with  70a,  to  be  rare,  a  cone. 
But  if  a  kigess  comei,  fhey  thont  ye  deaf. 
Had  jcm  fes  many  can  as  a  wheat-sheaf. 
Sometime  Hat  holloa  greater  is  bj  odds. 
As  when  'tb  saswer'a  by  the  ivy-tods ; 
Here  all  luiit*,  and  each  his  accent  bears, 
Hut  were  bat  now  together  by  the  eares. 
And  which  a  contradiction  doth  supply. 
Because  they  get  a  Isryess,  thCT  most  crie,— 
Cry  with  a  pox?  wtioerer  of  it  hears. 
May  wish  their  tankard  had  no  other  tears. 
Thus,  in  a  word,  oar  nafen  now-a-days. 
Reap  in  the  field,  and  glean  in  the  hi^^ways." 

P.  76,—  SONG. 

"  Shonid  I  sigh  oat  my  dayes  in  grief,         * 
And  as  my  beads  coant  miseries. 
My  wound  woold  meet  with  no  relief. 

For  all  the  balsome  of  mine  eyes ; 
I'le  therefore  set  my  heart  at  rest. 
And  of  bad  market  make  the  best. 

Soue  set  their  hearts  on  winged  wealth, 

Otliers  to  honoor's  towers  aspire ; 
Bat  gtre  me  freedom  and  my  hMlth, 

And  tiiere's  the  sum  of  my  desire, 
If  all  die  world  should  pay  me  rent, 
It  cou*d  not  add  to  my  content. 

There  is  no  fimoe  against  oar  ftto. 
Eve's  dani^ters,  all  are  bound  to  sorrow, 

Vidssitndes  opon  ns  wait. 
That  laogh  to-day,  and  lower  to-morrow. 

Why  should  we  tiiai  with  wrinkled  care, 

Deface  what  Naton  made  so  bar  ?" 

2.  Oeeantm*§  C^Mxg.    1654. 

To  this  volume  is  prefixed  a  copy  of  tctsm,  by  N.  B.  query,  N.  Breton  ? 

"  And  must  I  add  my  mite,  dear  Stevenson  ? 
I  know  diou  will  accept  it.— Well,  'tis  done. 
Faith,  I  can't  tell  thee,  while  I  thy  lines  read  o'er, 
Whether  I  love  thee  or  admire  thee  more. 
Thy  books,  not  fraught  with  tales  of  Robin  Hood, 
But  lofty  fancy ;  by  the  Lord  'tis  good  I 
Thy  sweet-Iipp'd  Muse  most  ample  test  dodi  give 
Of  high  events, — and  I  say,  let  her  live." 

P.  102,—  THE  SONG. 

"  Stey,  oh  stay !  ye  wing'd  Hours, 

The  winds  that  ransack  east  and  west. 
Have  breath'd  perfume  upon  our  flowers, 

More  fragrant  than  the  phoenix'  nest. 
Then  stay,  oh  stay,  sweet  Hours  1  that  ye 
May  witness  that  which  time  ne'er  see. 

Stay  awhile,  thou  feather'd  Scythe-man, 

And  attend  the  Queen  of  Flowers, 
Show  thyself  for  once  a  blythe  man. 

Come,  dispense  with  a  few  hours. 
Else  we  ourselves  will  stay  awhiU, 
And  make  our  pastime  Time  beguile. 

This  day  is  deign'd  to  Flora's  use. 
If  ye  will  revel  too,  to-night 


4^90  Retrospective  Review. — Sievenstin's  Poems.      ^Murc^^ 

We'll  press  the  grape  to  lend  ye  juice, 

We'll  make  a  deluge  of  delight ; 
And  when  ye  can't  h<dd  up  your  heads. 
Our  garden  shall  afford  ye  beds." 

P.  106.  To  the  perpetual  memory  of  "  my  ever  honoured  cozen,  Mrs.  E.  H." — 

"  Under  this  sad  marble  lies 
Nature's  pride,  and  Beauty's  prize, 
Such,  so  sweet  her  accents  were, 
As  would  charm  a  syren's  eare. 
Such  her  modest  minde  as  shee, 
Taught  the  turtle  charitie. 
In  summe,  a  more  virtuous  wife 
Never  sweeten'd  husband's  life. 
To  conclude,  then,  aU  was  shee 
Man  could  wish,  or  woman  be, 
Who  lyes  here,  like  treasure  found. 
Not  above,  but  under  ground." 

In  his  poem  called  "In  honorem  Poetarum,"  p.  108.  the  following  lines 
occur.  Who  Replie  was,  I  am  unable  to  say ;  nor  do  I  remember  the  anec- 
dote mentioned  concerning  T.  May  the  poet ;  alack  !  our  race  of  great  com- 
mentators who  could  explain  these  matters,  is  gone.  Mr.  Haalevoood  is  dead  ; 
and  Mr.  Hartshome  has  hung  up  his  welUearned  trophies,  and  has  left  the  field. 

"  Replie  was  rich  I  trow,  Yea,  do  not  all  men  say 
Whose  poems  did  enfold  Poets  dare  any  thing. 

That  which  men  hunt  for  soe.  Pray  was  not  noble  May 
The  art  of  making  golde ;  Call'd  brother  by  a  king  ? 

He  had  the  philosophic  stone.  Nor  is  it  more  than  true  report. 

Sure  hee  must  then  be  rich,  or  none.  Satyrick  lines  have  hang'd  a  sort." 

3.  Poems,  by  M.  Stevenson.    1665. 
P.  25.    The  *  Epithalamium'  at  Mr.  W.  B.'s  wedding  :— 

"  All  that  happy  is,  betide, 

Both  the  bridegroom  and  the  bride, 

May  their  dayes  be  all  of  bliss. 

Each  as  full  of  joy  as  this  ; 

And  when  the  cake  and  posset  come 

With  summons  to  Elysium, 
The  God  of  Love  convey  them  to  their  rest. 
On  Love's  soft  pillow,  Leda's  downy  brest. 
IL 

Health  and  wealth,  and  what  can  be 

Added  to  felicity. 

Wait  upon  the  ^oble  pair. 

Such  our  will  is,  such  our  prayer ; 

Be  fruitful  as  the  womb  of  day. 

And  live  an  everlasting  May, 
Until  at  length  your  mutual  glowings  move. 
An  emulation  with  the  gods  above. 

in. 

If  there  be  a  joy  yet  new, 

Such  as  lovers  never  knew. 

All  here  present  beg  it  may 

Crown  this  welcome  wisht-for  day. 

And  may  ye  double  all  the  sweets 

Were  ever  found  in  nuptial  sheets. 
But,  hold  !  I  fear  we  part  Love's  pair  too  long. 
And  make  them  sell  their  pleasure  for  a  song." 

fl— //.  J.  M. 


1835.] 


281 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Etnay$  on  the  Church.  By  a  Layman, 
Id  editim.  1834. 
TH£  declaration  of  the  Dissenters 
at  Birmingham  is  of  such  a  nature,  as 
to  render  it  a  matter  of  raorai  obliga- 
tion on  their  brethren  in  other  parts 
of  England,  openly  to  avow  either  their 
participation  in  the  sentiments  ex- 
pressed, or  to  disown  them  altogether. 
Its  language  of  carnal  hatred,  unchris^ 
tian  prejudice  and  suspicion,  uncon- 
stitutional principle,  unmanly  insiult. 
and  nngentlemnnly  iroputation,  afford 
a  too  convincing  proof  of  the  feelings 
and  motives  from  which  they  have 
arisen.  We  can  conceive  nothing  bet- 
ter calculated  to  injure  the  cnuae  they 
have  adopted,  to  wound  and  grieve 
their  true  and  moderate  friends,  to 
alarm  their  weak  and  timid  disciples, 
to  misdirect  their  ignorant  ones,  to  lead 
good  men  to  doubt  the  integrity  of 
their  motives,  and  to  make  wise  men 
arm  themselves  against  the  violence 
of  their  pretensions.  But  Sir  R.  Peel's 
temperate  and  admirable  answer,  while 
it  must  inspire  all  pereons  with  respect 
for  one,  whom  neither  folly  nor  malig- 
nity nor  falsehood  can  move  from  his 
manly  and  digoilied  course,  at  the  «ame 
time  must  cover  the  authors  of  that 
moet  injudicious  ebullition  of  childish 
rage  with  shame  and  confusion.  Turn 
we  therefore  from  them,  and  all  like 
them,  who,  not  contented  to  walk 
through  the  wide  gales  of  Refctrra,  are 
making  breaches  in  all  quarters  in  the 
old  walls  of  the  constitution,  for  their 
own  unhallowed  and  selfl&h  ends ;  and 
peruse  with  a  candid  and  unprejudiced 
mind  the  contents  of  the  volume  whose 
title  we  have  placed  before  our  readers. 
They  will  there  find  the  chief  subjects 
connected  with  the  establishment  of 
the  National  Church  treated  in  a  liberal 
and  reasonable  manner,  with  very  suf- 
ficient knowledge,  sound  reasoning, 
and  all  decent  and  becoming  temper  of 
manner  and  laniruage. 

1.  iliachaptiron  National  Establish- 
fdU,  and  the  testimony  of  Scripture 
incerningtbcm,  is  short  but  convrac- 
ing.  We  find  that  the  Dissenting  Mi- 
I  nibters  have  been  so  pressed  by  the 
I  passages  of  which  the  Old  Testament 
I  GawT.  Mao.  Vol.111. 


Iptlt 

Fing. 


is  full,  proving  the  constant  and  antient 
alliance  of  the  Church  and  State,  as  to 
»how  a  dispogition  to  throw  this  portion 
of  the  Scriptures  aside  altogether;  and 
as  regards  any  argument  they  can  bring 
from  the  Gospel  of  Christ  (their  chiefs 
one  being,  'thy kingdom  is  not  of  tbia 
world"),  our  author  has  given  the 
refutation  from  the  interpretation  of 
their  own  divines. 

2.  In  the  second  subject,  of  the 
responsibility  of  Rulers,  our  author 
shows  that  where  it  answers  their  pur- 
pose to  adopt  this  ttne  of  argument, 
the  Dissenters  can  even  '  deeply  lament 
that  Protestant  governments  take  so 
little  care  to  convey  the  knowledge  of 
their  true  religion  j'  when  it  does  not, 
then  they  turn  round  and  af>k.  '  is 
there  any  reason  that  can  be  offered, 
lehy  a  king,  any  kitty,  and  every  kitty, 
should  be  supposed  to  know  more  aboiU 
religion  than  his  subjects  !' 

3.  '  The  necessity  o(  a  Public  Provision, 
or  National  Establishment,  as  shown  by 
experience.'  This  is  shown  by  some 
statements  which  prove,  that  volun- 
tary Churches  do  not  supply  the  de- 
mands for  religious  instruction,  whicll 
are  left  unsuppticd  by  the  Church.  la 
1833  the  totui  number  of  Dissenting 
Chapels  in  the  Tower  Hamlets,  Fins- 
bury.  Mary-le-bone,  Westminster,  and ' 
Southwark,  amounts  to  186.  The 
congregations  assembling  at  each, 
amount  to  an  average  of  400.  The 
population  is  900,W)0,  thus  leaving 
80:i,000  totally  unprovided  for.  So 
much  for  the  a-;sertion,  '  that  if  the 
State  did  not  provide  a  religion  for  the 
people,  the  people  would  be  sure  to 
provide  one  for  themselves.'  So  clearly 
was  the  insufficiency  of  the  voluntary 
system  proved,  that  the  Legislature  wai 
called  upon  to  interfere,  and  in  the 
sluice  of  in  years,  more  was  done  in 
building  new  places  of  worship,  under 
the  Church  Commisfiioners,  than  had 
been  previously  effected  under  the 
voluntary  system  in  half  a  century. 
Dr.  Chalmers  says,  that  in  Scotland, 
in  a  population  of  half  a  million,  the 
voluntary  system  has  not  erected  more 
than  6  Churches  ;  the  Establishment 
has  contributed  160  to  that  people. 
2  O 


The  Weeleyan  Magazine  for  April 
1834.  thus  expresses  itself  on  the  part 
of  the  Conference, 

"  Rising  above  the  iafluence  of  merfl 
sectarian  fcctin^,  the  Methodists  are 
anxious  that  the  relij^ious  wants  of  the 
nation  at  Inrce  shouhl  L*  fully  met ;  and 
comparing  the  uCinust  of  what  the  Dis- 
senters and  themselves  have  done,  or  are 
able  to  da,  with  what  yet  nnnaius  to  be 
done  in  the  land,  they  are  persuaded  that 
the  cause  of  our  eommoa  Christianity,  so 
needs  the  exteusive  provision  of  means 
made  by  the  Established  Church,  that, 
were  she  overthrown,  a  vast  proportion  of 
our  teeming  population  must  be  left  in 
utter  destitution  of  even  the  outward  or- 
dinances of  religion.  Uy  the  overthrow 
of  the  Church,  we  do  not  mean  her  ceas- 
ing to  exist  as  a  Church,  but  her  bein^  re- 
moTed  from  the  protection  of  a  state- 
rehgioD,  our  aritunient  is,  that  it  is  be- 
cause  the  Church  of  England  is  estohlish- 
ed  by  I«aw,  that  Hhe  is  able  to  provide  a 
much  larger  amount  of  religious  instruc- 
tion for  the  nation  at  large,  than  she  pos- 
sibly could  do,  were  she  snbverted  as  an 
Establishment." 

4.  The  case  of  America,  which  used 
to  be  brought  forward  as  a  pioof  uf 
the  sufficiency  of  the  voluntary  system, 
ia  now,  we  believe,  more  judiciously 
kept  in  the  background;  for  Dr. 
Dwight  has  given  information  on  that 
Bubjcct.  which  has  cleared  away  a 
mass  of  error,  and  shown  that  no  more 
in  America,  than  in  Kn^^t&nd,  can  re- 
ligious instruction  be  afforded  com- 
mensuratcly  to  the  wants  of  the  people 
without  the  aid  uf  government.  The 
result  in  America  is  this  :  '  In  those 
States  in  which  Christianity  is  esta- 
blished by  law,  the  Presbyterian  Mi- 
Disters,  supported  and  settled,  were  in 
the  proportion  of  1  to  every  1364  in- 
habitants ;  whtle  in  those  States  in 
•which  the  voluntary  system  prevailed, 
the  settled  and  $up|»orted  ministers  of 
the  same  class  were  only  in  the  pro- 
portion of  1  to  every  19,300.'  Fur- 
ther, the  rapid  decrease  in  the  number 
of  Ministers,  compared  with  the  popu- 
lation,  is  shewn:  In  17-'>3,  in  New 
England,  there  was  one  Minister  for 
every  626  persons.  lu  1806.  in  the 
United  States,  there  was  not  one  teeU- 
educated  Minister  to  6000  souls.  But 
io  many  cues,  where  Churches  for- 
merly tiuifd,  they  are  said  no  longer 
to  be  found.  'Fhe  members  are  dis- 
persed, the  records  gone,  not  a  vestige 


of  the  church  is  to  be  found.  Other  re- 
ports speak  of  but  two  Churchea  wtthiD 
100  miles;  of  five  coutities  destitute 
of  the  ordinances  of  the  Gospel,  and 
of  a  large  neighbourhood  with  only 
one  professor  of  religion.  //  i$  quite 
char,  that  the  example  of  America  ea» 
never  again  be  quoted  at  a  proof  of  the 
ituccesji  of  the  voluntary  system . 

5.  With  regard  to  the  number  and 
strength  of  the  Dissenters,  the  Cod- 
gregalinnal  Magazine  of  December, 
1601,  furnishes  a  list  of  the  ladepend- 
ent  Ministers  in  England,  amounting 
to  105S.  Give  these  a  congregation  of 
300  each,  then  the  Independent  Con- 
gregations would  amount  to  317.-100. 
The  Baptists  are  about  half  that  num- 
ber. The  Presbyterians  amount  to 
about  l.i.000.  The  total  therefore  of 
the  ■  three  denommations'  of  the  Pro- 
testaat  Di.^^senters,  falls  below  half  a 
million.  The  Wcsleyan  Methodists 
have  equal  strength.  Allowing  a  mil- 
lion and  a  half  for  all  these  religious 
bodies  (deducting  the  irreligious  and 
profane),  the  remaining  population  of 
several  millions  must  belong  to  the 
Church  of  England,  the  number  of 
whose  Ministers  are  12,000.  Of  the 
members  of  the  Legislature  there  are 
not  fifty  who  are  not  professed  mem- 
bers of  the  church.  Of  the  proprie- 
tors of  the  soil  on  whom  the  tithes 
fall,  not  one  in  fifty  is  a  Dissenter. 
Even  of  the  Church-rate,  an  assertion 
equally  strong  may  be  made.  The 
voters  against  the  rate  at  Aston,  near 
BirmiDgham.  represented  property 
rated  at  llOOf.  Those  in  favour  of  it 
held  property  assessed  at  I2,000i.  The 
Dissenters  therefore  here  paid  but  one 
eleventh  part  of  the  general  contribu- 
tion. Strange  as  is  the  disinclination 
of  Dissenters  to  aiding  in  a  pecuniary 
form  the  support  of  the  Church  from 
which  they  have  receded,  yet  when  we 
observe  how  very  amail  those  contribu- 
tions are — in  rates  little,  in  tithes 
scarcely  anything  at  all,  we  must  come 
to  the  conclusion,  that  there  is  some 
other  strong  acting  cause  which  leads 
to  this  angry  and  terocious  hostility, 
more  powerful  even  than  the  '  amor 
nummi '  itself-  It  is  to  be  found  ia 
the  confession  ol  one  of  their  chief 
writers  I,  fu/eTTic  Case  of  the  Dissenters') 
— '  an  Establis'iment  must  work  in- 
juriously to  the  Dissenter  of  every  de- 
scription; the  predominant  evil  is  that 


4 
n 


I 


1 


1835.1 ' 


Review. — Essays  on  the  Church. 


2dd 


of  nntform,  expressed,  implied  degrada- 
luM.  The  professor  of  the  state  reli- 
gion is,  on  the  mere  ground  of  his  pro- 
fession, placed  near  his  Majesty ;  he 
is  one  of  a  privileged  fraternity ;  he 
is  pointed  out  to  the  community  as  the 
more  correct,  the  safer,  and  every  way 
the  better  man ;  as  Ae  is  exalted,  the 
seceder  is  necessarily  degraded ;  a  cloud 
stands  between  him  and  the  face  of 
royalty — he  does  not  belong  to  the 
King's  Church,  and  he  ishardly  thought 
to  be  true  to  the  King's  person.  It  is 
impossible  to  say  what  he  has  not  suf- 
fered from  this  cause  in  estate,  reputa- 
tion, and  yood  fellowship.  The  distinc- 
tion gives  us  a  low  place  in  the  opi- 
nion of  our  fellow-creatures,  dis- 
honours us  at  the  Exchange,  at  the 
College,  at  the  Senate,  in  the  Pulpit; 
— and  can  anything  exceed  this  in  ex- 
asperation ?'  The  remedy  proposed  is, 
'that  the  King  in  his  public  capacity 
must  favour  no  particular  creed — the 
Legislature  must  encourage  no  one — 
the  public  acts  of  the  State  must  re- 
cognize none — there  must  be  no  state 
reUgion.'  Dr.  Pye  Smith  figures  forth 
the  beau  ideal  of  an  impartial  Sove- 
reign, as  thus  resolving  within  him- 
self—' the  Jew,  the  Mahomedan,  the 
Pagan, — the  most  unhappy  infidel  in 
my  dominions  shall  not  have  it  in  his 
power  to  say  that  I  do  him  the  smallest 
injury.'  Bravo !  Doctor  Smith.  So 
Carlile  might  be  Lord  Chancellor  and 
Keeper  of  the  King's  conscience — Ro- 
bert Tat/lor  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  ; 
and  the  Ministry  might  be  composed 
of  a  Jewish  Lord  of  the  Treasury,  a 
Mahomedan  Secretary  of  State,  and 
the  Home  Department  filled  by  a 
worshipper  of  Juggernaut!  Thus, 
no  one  would  have  it  in  his  power  to 
say — '  that  the  King  did  him  the 
smallest  wrong  ;  no  cloud  would  stand 
between  them  and  the  face  of  royalty.' 
With  regard  to  the  restriction  of  the 
meaning  of  the  word  Church  by  the 
Dissenters,  either  to  the  spiritual  and 
intifible  Church,  or  to  a  single  body  of 
tcorthippers  under  a  single  pastor,  it  is 
not  supported  by  Scripture.  See  the 
reasonings  and  authorities  of  our  au- 
thor at  p.  116-123.  On  the  other 
hand,  we  conceive  that  the  word 
Church  is  more  appropriately  applied 
to  the  comprehensive  and  brotherly 
onion  of  the  faithful  in  the  Church  of 


England,  than  to  tihe  endless  diversity 
of  sects  and  divisions,  and  subdivisions 
among  the  Dissenters.  Our  author 
justly  says,  if  St.  Paul  were  now  alive, 
he  might  address  '  The  Church  of 
England ;'  but  could  he  direct  an 
epistle  to  the  Church  of  the  United 
States  ? 

6.  With  regard  to  another  point 
mainly  insisted  on  by  the  Dissenters — 
the  choice  of  the  pastor  by  the  people 
— they  have  not  Scriptural  authority 
for  their  position — there  being  no  one 
case  to  be  found  in  the  whole  New  Testa- 
ment where  the  people  did  so  elect.  The 
Ministers  are  spoken  of  as  chosen  by, 
and  responsible  to,  the  Apostles  and  their 
suceessors.  Mr.  James  confesses  as 
much ;  and  Mr.  Conder  allows,  that 
'  the  circumstances  attending  the  for- 
mation of  many  of  the  primitive 
Churches,  did  not  allow  of  such  a 
right  being  called  into  exercise.'  As 
for  the  argument  which  Mr.  James 
uses,  that  the  Minister  to  whom  you 
entrust  the  oversight  of  your  soul's  af- 
fairs is  to  be  chosen  by  yourself,  and  that 
no  man  can  claim  to  be  your  moral  or 
religious  instructor  without  your  own 
consent — is  broken  in  pieces  by  the 
Dissenters  themselves ;  whenever  a 
vacancy  occurs  in  a  Dissenting  Chapel, 
and  the  majority  elect  the  Pastor  of  the 
Church,  either  the  minority  must  have 
a  Minister  not  of  their  own  election, 
or  they  must  secede,  and  divide,  and 
split  into  new  Churches  as  often  as  a 
fresh  election  occurs.  The  Eclectic 
Review  confesses  that  the  tendency  of 
theDissenters  is  to  an  infinite  divisibility; 
or  in  other  words,  to  perpetual  and  in- 
creasing schisms  and  divisions,  which 
are  called  sins  in  Scripture.  Mr.  James 
answers, 

"  That  when  a  Minister  is  removed, 
the  choice  of  a  successor  brings  on  a  crisis 
in  the  Church.  At  this  perilous  crisis, 
secret  canvassing,  cabals,  intrigues,  and 
the  most  disgusting  tyranny  take  place. 
No  event  that  could  happen  would  place 
the  interests  of  society  in  greater  penl." 

This  is  the  necessary  result  of  the 
much-boasted,  and  all-perfect  Volun- 
tary System.  Look  at  the  Gloucester 
Chronicle  of  March  15, 1834,  and  read 
the  following  account  of  their  harmo- 
nious Voluntary. 

"  What  Meeting-house  has  not  been 


284 


Review. — Essays  on  the  Church. 


[March, 


deMcnted  by  iceneB  of  violence,  cl&mour, 
and  contention?  Rodboroui/A, — are  the 
placards  of  the  faction  torn  down  from 
the  waDs  ?  Are  the  bitter  words,  the  fierce 
gpeecheii,  the  unholy  ttnyiogs,  sunk  into 
oblirion?  Well  then,  Poiiwific*.  Are  the 
doors  mended,  the  pews  repaired,  the 
marks  of  damage  obliterated,  since  that 
anti-christian  battle,  when  the  merits  of 
rival  preachers  were  decided  by  blows, 
not  by  qualifications.  Look  at  £^/ey. — 
How  many  weeks  have  passed  since  Ebley 
was  the  very  forum  of  party  passion  ? 
Where  are  the  individuals  who  thenpaci- 
ed  ike  neata,  and  decided  the  questioa  of 
ministeriiil  capacity?  Shall  we  turn  our 
eyes  to  Wootton  ' — Where  Rowland  Hill 
was  hissed  when  he  took  part  with  his 
nominee.  To  UIfy,  where  the  obnoxious 
minister  was  stormed,  while  he  officintcd, 
the  doors  burst  open,  and  himself  forced 
to  make  a  hasty  retreat.  To  Eattcomb, 
where  distisenHion  hain  become  a  proverb, 
and  the  term  liar  always  used,"  &c. 

So  inach  for  the  Voluntary  Prin- 
ciple! a  principle  uakoown  to  the 
earliest  and  purest  Christian  Churches, 
equally  so  to  the  Reformers,  and  equally 
SQ  to  (he  Puritans  and  non-Conformista 
of  the  last  twn  etmtHrin ;  and  we  may 
add,  a  principle  which,  both  in  home 
and  forngn  Missions,  is  abandoned 
totally  by  the  Disstmtem  //jewMp/i'e«. 

7.  With  regard  to  the  ttandard  of 
the  Church,  as  touching  religious  prin- 
ciples, *  she  has  set  up  a  pure  atid 
scriptural  standard  of  doctrine,  and  all 
its  needful  formulariea.  This  standard 
presents  a  formidable  bulwark  against 
error  and  corruption,  in  the  form  of 
Creeds  and  Articles,  demanding  sub- 
scriptions. It  provides  all  the  safe- 
guard that  human  foresight  can  devise, 
against  the  admission  of  persons  of 
unsound  principles  into  the  init)i$tr\', 
and  by  a  liturgy  and  formulnries  deeply 
imbued  with  scriptural  truth,  it  fur- 
nishes the  best  possible  antidote  to 
such  errors  as  might  creep  into  the 
precincts  of  that  institution.'  This 
was  acknowledged  by  all  the  old  Dis- 
senters, by  Home  and  Bates  and 
Owen,  who  expressly  provided  in  the 
trust-deeds  of  their  Meeting-houses, 
that  the  Ministers  should  '  hold  the 
doctrinal  articles  of  the  Church  of 
England.'  What  wretched  eviln  it  has 
served  to  keep  oflf  from  our  Church, 
tnay  be  suppo»ed,  when  we  add,  on  the 
autJiority  of  the  Eclectic  Review,  '  that 
out  of  258  Presbyterian  congregatiuiui 


in  England,  235  are  now  Unitarian  ! ' 
and  in  America,  the  Church  of  Boston 
has  become  almost  wholly  Socinian ! 

8.  We  come  now  to  the  companLtive 
merit  and  advantage  of  our  ritual,  as 
weighed  against  the  extemporaneous 
prayers  of  the  Dissenters.  We  must 
first  observe,  that  the  subfect -matter  of 
all  prayers  must  be  the  same,  admitting 
only  occasional  variety,  and  therefore 
the  advantage  (if  advantage  there  is) 
in  that  which  is  not  written  or  fixed, 
is  in  the  allowance  of  new  forms  of 
speech,  and  different  collocations  of 
language  ;  but  the  Dissenters  shall 
speak  for  themselves.  Of  our  Liturgy, 
Rubert  Hall  declares  '  that  the  Evan- 
gelical purity  of  its  sentiments,  the 
chastened  fervour  of  its  devotion,  and 
the  majestic  simplicity  of  it<t  language, 
have  combined  to  place  it  in  the  very 
first  rank  of  uninspired  compositions.' 
And  the  Eclectic  Review  acknow- 
ledges, '  that  the  Church  pats  into 
the  lips  of  the  people  a  language  of 
devotion  unrivalled  in  majesty,  beauty, 
propriety,  and  comprehension."  This 
is  high  praise,  but  not  a  whit  above 
the  matter.  And  let  us  observe  what 
they  confess  of  their  own  extempora- 
neous system.  Mr.  Jame8  complains 
'  that  the  brethren  who  lead  our  de* 
votions  in  dissenting  churches  are  so 
outrageotuljf  tong  and  dull,  we  are  often 
prayed  into  a  good  frame,  and  tlien 
prayed  out  of  it  again.  Many  minis- 
ters spend  so  much  of  their  time  at 
public  meetings,  and  in  gossiping  from 
house  to  house,  that  their  sermoiM 
are  poverty  itself,  or  the  mere  repeti* 
titioo  of  the  same  sentiments  in  the 
same  words.'  Another  writer  ob- 
serves, '  the  mode  of  conducting  the 
devotional  part  of  cur  worship  is  not 
always  so  solemn,  or  methodical,  as 
may  be  desired.  Sometimes  it  par- 
takes of  an  odious  familiarity,  at  others, 
too  much  of  grimace.  What  is  called 
preaching  in  prayer,  should  be  always 
avoided  ;  and  to  hear  the  Deity  ad- 
dressed, as  is  sometimes  the  case,  in 
scraps  of  poetr)',  is  quite  insufferable.* 
As  regards  the  ditcipiine  of  the  Dia- 
senters,  which  they  holdout  in  triumph 
over  what  they  allege  to  be  our  utter 
want  of  it,  we  consider  those  who 
treat  of  it.  either  to  be  under  a  delu- 
sion, or  else  to  advance  what  is  not 
the  truth.  If  this  discipline  was  what 
they  profess  it  to  be,  it  would  manifeat 


i 


M 


1835.] 


Revikw. — Essays  on  the  Church. 


285 


itself  in  A  very  different  manner  from 
what  it  does  :  but  in  fact,  the  irery 
constitution  of  their  church  makes  it 
impraclicable.  We  should  like  to  see 
the  minister  of  any  chapel  refuse  ad- 
mittance into  the  church,  of  any  mcm- 
Iwr  of  the  family  of  a  tceaUky  and 
^powerful  Deacftn,  who  mainly  aupports 
the  chapel  by  his  authority  and  con- 
tributions ;  and  we  confess  we  see 
nothiog  la  Dissenters  which  would 
prove  to  u»  that  their  spiritual  disci- 
pline had  improved  their  hearts,  sof- 
tened thcii  tempers,  subdued  their 
passions,  chastened  their  desires,  puri- 
fied their  souls,  and  made  them  more 
just,  more  holy,  and  more  spiritual, 
than  their  brethren  of  the  Church. 

9.  Aa  regards  the  various  officers 
and  ministers  of  the  Church,  to  which 
the  Dissenters  object,  as  Archdeacons, 
Btabops,  8tc.  we  consider  it  la  be  totally 
a  lugumachia,  a  strife  of  wuriis.  They 
acknowledge  that  the  apostolicchurchea 
were  variously  governed,  according  to 
their  wants ;  that  there  were  minis- 
ters of  different  degrees  of  authority 
placed  over  them,  and  that  the  Bishop, 
or  Ant/et  of  the  Church,  received  his 
spiritual  power,  even  inapostottc  times. 
Many  of  the  disciples  and  friends  of 
the  apostles  were  Bishops.  Diocesan 
Bishops  receivedtheir  commission  from 
the  hands  of  the  Apostles,  and  trans- 
mitted the  same  to  their  followers,  so 
that  frora  the  very  days  of  the  primi- 
tive Church  down  to  the  present  hour, 
dioeraan  ^iacopacy  has  universally  pre- 
vailed throughout  the  Christian  Church. 
This  Scott  allows,  and  tliis  even  Cal- 
vin, a  presbyterian,  admitted.  Igna- 
tius. Polyrarp,  and  Onesimus,  the 
friends  of  St.  John  and  St.  Paul,  were 
Bishopsof  Aotioch,  Smyrna.andEphe- 
eus.  As  to  the  other  orders  of  our 
Church,  if  their  existence  is  considered 
advantageous  or  necessary  to  the  well  - 
being  of  the  Church,  no  other  reason 
need  be  sought  for;  and  this  is  ad> 
mitted  by  the  Dissenters.  Mr.  James 
6ays,  '  the  New  Testament  contains 
in  its  record ifd  facts  such  yen^al  jtrin- 
eiplHt  on  the  subject  of  Church  go- 
vernment and  discipline,  as  are  suffi- 
ciently explicit  for  the  guidance  of 
all.'  With  these,  sucft  of  our  uiages 
as  camtot  plead  express  command  or  ex- 
ample^  ought  to  be  in  accordance ;  aod 
Mr.  Condcr  observes,  *  As  those  co- 
neceasary  natural  circumstances  which 


adhere  to  every  action  are  internally 
comprehended  m  the  precept  which  is 
the  basis  of  the  instituted  duty,  so 
whatever  circumstances,  considered 
strictly  as  means  of  discharging  what 
is  positively  enjoined,  conduce  to  the 
more  decent  and  impressive  perform- 
ance of  the  duty,  are  strictly  consonant 
with  the  Divine  command,  are  per- 
missively,  although  not  specifically  in- 
cluded in  it.'  We  should  hope  that 
quite  enough  is  said  on  this  branch  of 
the  subject  to  satisfy  all  reasonable 
minds  that  our  Established  Church  is 
framed  at\er  the  best  apostolic  models, 
and  that  when  it  appears  to  differ 
from  them,  it  arises  from  the  diffierent 
circumstances  in  which  it  is  placed. 
That  subordination  is  its  great  prin- 
ciple, while  equality  is  the  favourite 
theme  of  the  Dissenters. 

10.  It)  estimating  the  revenues  of 
the  Church,  the  Dissenters  have  shown 
gross  ignorance,  and,  what  is  worse, 
deliberate  falsehood.  They  have  given 
out  the  property  of  tlie  Church  as 
amounting  to  hm  hundred  millicns 
tterliniji  and  then  proceeded  to  calcu- 
late that,  by  confiscating  this  property. 
Government  would  be  able  to  remit 
twent\--one  millions  of  taxation.  They 
have  given  out  that  the  original  law 
gave  only  a  foriieth  where  the  clergy 
take  a  tenth ;  that  the  bishop,  the 
church,  and  the  poor,  have  all  lost 
their  share  ;  and  that  the  clergyman 
had  played  the  lion,  and  seized  every 
thing  for  himself.  As  for  the  clergy 
receiving  a  tt^nth,  it  is  only  necessary 
to  say,  that  the  estimated  annual 
value  of  the  agricultural  product  of 
the  kingdom  amounts  to  150  millions; 
that  tlic  tithes  of  10,701  parishes 
amount  to  .3,056,248/.  -  so  that,  in- 
stead of  a  tenth,  the  clergy  do  not  re- 
ceive even  a  fiftieth.  Give  the  clergy 
their  real  tenth,  and  they  will  be  very 
happy  to  take  the  repairs  of  the 
churches  on  themselves.  The  truth 
is,  that  the  avtra^e  income  of  the 
Bishops  amounts  to  5,930/.,  or  in 
round  numbers  6,000/.  each.  TTiis  is 
amply  sufficient  in  the  gross,  but  is  not 
advantageously  divided :  but  what  are 
we  to  say  of  the  incomes  of  the  ;<aro- 
chial  clergy  ?  or  what  of  a  Govern- 
ment possessing  a  nationally  endowed 
Church,  that  could  permit  such  an 
average  to  exist  .>  or  to  what  other 
source,  we  may  ask>  than  Ibis,  are  aoi 


N 


I 


p 
* 


many  of  the  evils  that  now  beset  the 
Church  to  be  attributed?  Of  the 
10,000  benefices,  there  arc  4,861,  or 
nearly  half,  whose  proceeds  are  so 
small,  that  no  minister  can  exist  on 
thetn,  and  there  are  nearly  2,000  more 
that  do  not  net  3001.  per  aonum  :  in 
fact,  there  are  7.000  benefices  too 
scanty  to  sustain  a  clergj'inan ;  and  of 
these.  2,000  on  which,  if  not  other- 
wiae  provided  for,  he  must  ah»ola(dy 
ttarve.  So  much  for  the  wealth  of 
the  Church,  and  for  the  care  taken 
by  the  Government  of  its  ministers. 
How  differently  does  the  State  act  in 
the  civil  and  legal  departments  !  !  Our 
judicial  establishments  cost  484,000/. 
per  annum.  The  accounts  presented 
to  Parliament  give  a.  total  of  nearly 
1,000  per»on8  w^ho  enjoy  among  them 
2,066,374/.  per  annum.  Of  these 
there  are  216  persons  whose  salaries 
average  4,429/.  each  !  Ask  any  barris- 
ter, solicitor,  tradesman,  or  merchant, 
■whether  he  would  be  content  with  an 
income  of  300/.  a  year,  and  he  would 
laugh  in  your  face ;  double  it,  nay, 
quadruple  it,  and  it  still  would  be 
quite  inadequate  to  his  views  :  upon 
what  principle,  then,  the  clergy,  who 
are  aa  well  educated,  as  well  bred,  and 
Irom  whom  high  and  tacrpd  duties  are 
expected,  are  to  be  thus  kept  depressed 
in  the  scale  of  society,  we  cannot 
understand.  Even  the  Bishops,  if 
their  sees  are  poor,  are  provided  for  in 
other  ways ;   but  a  poor  Vicar  is  left 

by  the  State to  starve  !     This  is  a 

disgrace  peculiar  to  our  Church,  and 
from  which  we  will  own  the  Dissen- 
ters are  free.  From  the  unpardonable 
and  unfeeling  inertness  of  the  Legis- 
lature are  both  the  clergy  and  the 
Church  now  suffering ;  to  that  inert- 
ness, and  not  to  the  clerify,  i»  thf  t>att 
maaa  c^f  diutnt  oiting  that  is  now 
distracting  the  land  with  its  com- 
plaints. Whether  it  be  too  late  to 
recall  the  wandering  and  the  alien- 
ated, we  cannot  pretend  to  say.  The 
question  is  of  great  importaoce  every 
way,  as  regards  our  religious,  and 
civil,  and  social  state ;  but  wc  will 
venture  to  say  this,  without  fear  of 
contradiction,  that  no  reform  of  the 
Church,  no  alteration  of  the  laws,  no 
enforcemeat  of  dutic»,  no  concession  of 
privileges,  will  be  of  avail,  unless  first 
and  foroaoat  the  parochial  clergy  arc 


placed  iir  a  state  of  independeaee  and 
respectability.  If  the  established  reli- 
gion is  to  be  preserved,  it  mast  be 
done  by  the  Legislature  itself.  Fifty 
years  since,  Manchester  had  a  church 
for  each  3,000  of  its  population,  and 
was  then  a  town  devotedly  attached  U> 
the  Establishment;  now  the  popula- 
tion has  been  allowed  to  outmo  the 
means  of  religious  instruction,  and 
there  is  not  a  pastor  for  each  30,000 o^ 
the  people.  This  is  the  tirstweakoeas 
to  i^upply :  then  should  follow  the 
subdivision  of  parishes  which  have 
become  too  populous.  St.  Pancras 
has  103,548  intiabitants,  and  a  siNOLB 
vicAB  !  and  a  mother  church,  holding 
about  2,dfX)  people;  with  a  parish 
reaching  from  Guildford-street  to  High- 
gate-bill  ;  let  such  a  parish  as  thi^  be 
subdivided,  and  placed  under  twenty 
miuisters,  who  would  then  have  each 
5,000  souls  under  their  spiritual  care  ; 
let  plain,  undecorated.  and  unexpensive 
churches  be  built,  with  good  accom- 
modati  in  for  the  poorrr  classes,  and 
wl'  will  pledge  ourselves  for  their 
being  filled.  The  Bishop  of  London 
has  shown  the  want  of  ninety  addi- 
tional churches  in  London  alone. 
Verily,  the  people  have  been  hungry, 
but  there  has  been  no  bread.  What 
the  Church  then  wants  to  secure  her 
efficacy  and  safety,  are  more  churches 
where  masses  of  population  have 
grown  up  in  heathenism  or  sectarian- 
ism, and  more  ministers  to  fill  them. 
The  Slate  is  bound  to  provide  the 
first,  and  mamtain  liberally  the  se- 
cond ;  all  other  points  regarding  the 
Church  are  very  secondary  to  these. 
That  she  is  deserving  of  all  sup|)ort ; 
nay,  that  she  has  a  right  to  demand  it 
at  the  hands  uf  those  pledged  to  afford 
it,  shall  be  confessed  even  by  the 
ruouth  of  her  opponents.  Mr.  James 
speaks  '  of  the  great  and  delightful  in- 
crease of  truly  pious  and  devoted  men, 
that  are  now  labouring  in  the  Church 
of  England  ;  '  and  Dr.  P.  Smith  says. 
'  I  must  profess  my  opinion,  that  the 
increase  of  vital  piety  in  the  Esta- 
blished Cliurch  within  the  last  thirty  or 
forty  years,  has  beou  proportionable ; 
and.  comparing  the  measures  of  ad- 
vantage, grratn-  than  et«R  among  as.' 
What  God  (then  he  adds)  has  ho- 
noured, let  us  delight  to  honour  also.' 


i 


1836.] 


Retibw. — American  Poets. 


287 


l«r£ea«l  Tocts.     Selntim  pom  1834. 

"WE  believe  this  to  he  the  re-publi- 
cation of  a  volume  printed  in  America. 
Of  its   general  merita  we  are  inclined 
to  speak  very  favourably.    There  is  a 
brightness  of  fancy,    a   warmth  and 
truth  of  feeling,  an  ardent  lovp  nf  na- 
ture,  expressed  in  a  tolerably  lianno- 
nious    versification,   in    many  of  the 
Poems;    and   if  occasionally  we  find 
defects  in  toste^  a  want  of  tinish,  an 
uupoetical  expression,  or  a  too  lavish 
collection  of  imagery,  we  can  only  say, 
that   they  are   much  fewer  than  we 
had    prepared    ourselves    to    expect. 
That  our  poets  are  diligently  read  on 
the  other  side  of   the   Atlantic,    tlie 
volume  before  us  clearly  i>hows;  and 
Byron  seems  to  have  lost  none  of  the 
attraction   there,    which  be  exercised 
over   all,   a  few  years   since,  in    this 
country.     To  Wordifworfh  also  a  great 
debt  is  due;    and  much  of  Campbell 
a  occasionally   seen.      We   can  dis- 
cover, however,  little ornothing which 
fthould  persuade  us  that  the  still  greuter 
poett  of  our  land  than  those  we  have 
mentioned,  the  masters  of  our  song, 
have  been  studied  with  that  deep  at- 
^^ention  which  they  deserve.     This  we 
^Bust  will  come  :  and  when  the  poets 
^^f  America  bring  to  the  rich  and  new 
world    of  beauty    which    Nature   is 
spreading  before  them,  impressed  with 
oer    gigantic    forms,     and    reaching 
through  her  iuterroinable  solitudes,  a 
cultivated     taste,     and     well-ordered 
power   of  describing   them,   we  shall 
then    have    an     additional   realm    of 
fancy  and   truth  exposed   before  us. 
We  will  find  room  for  a  specimen 


or  two. 


^*Wli 


7h  a  n'aterfowt.    Bryant,  p.  ^. 


ither,  'midst  the  falling  dew, 
VTvile  glow  the  heavens  with  the  last 
steps  of  day,  [pursue 

Far  through  their  rosy  depths,  dost  thou 
Thy  solitsry  way? 

Vainly  the  fowler's  eye  [thee  wrong, 

Might  mark   thy  dtstuit  flight  to  du 

As  darkly  painted  on  the  crimson  sky 
Thy  figure  floats  along. 

Seek'st  thou  the  phuhy  brink, 

Of  reedy  lake,  or  marge  of  river  wide, 

Or  where  the  rocky  billows  rise  or  link 
On  the  chafed  ocean's  side  i 


There  is  n  Power  whose  care  [coast, 

Teaches  thy   wny  along  that  pathless 

The  desert  and  illimitable  air. 
Long  wandering,  but  not  lost. 

All  day  thy  wiug^  have  faau'd 

.\t  that  far  height,  the  cold,  thin  at- 
aiosphere, 
Yet  stoop  Dfit,  weary,  to  the  welcome  land, 

Though  the  dark  night  la  near. 

And  soon  slinll  thy  toil  end,       [and  rest, 
Soon  shall  thou  find  a  summer-home 

And   scream   among  thy  fellows — reeds 
shall  bend 
Soon  o'er  thy  sheltered  nest. 

Thou'rt  gone — th*  abyss  of  heaven 

U&th  swallowed  up  thy  form  ;  yet  in  my 
heart  [given. 

Deeply  hath  .^unk  the  lessons  thou  host 
And  shall  not  soon  deport. 

Hi?,  who  from  zone  to  zone 

Guides  through  the  boundless  sky  thy 

certain  flight,  [alone, 

In    the    long    way    that    I   must    tread 

Will  lead  my  steps  aright. 

March.     Bryant. 

Tlie  stormy  March  is  come  at  lost. 

With  wind,  and  clouds,  and  changing 
skies, 

I  hear  thr  rushini?  of  the  blast, 
Thiit  through  the  snowy  valley  flies. 

Ah  !  passing  few  are  they  who  speak, 
Wild,  stormy  March,  in  [iraise  nf  theel 

Yet  though  thy  winds  are  hiud  and  bleak, 
Thou  art  a  welcome  March  to  me. 

For  thou  to  northern  lands  again 
The  glad  and  glorious  sun  doth  bring, 

And  thou  lia.st  joined  the  gentle  train, 
And  wear'at  the  gentle  name  of  spring. 

And  in  thy  reign  of  blast  and  storm. 
Smiles  many  a  long,  bright,  sunny  day, 

When   the  changed  winds  are  go^  and 
warm, 
And  heaven  puts  on  the  blue  of  May. 

Then  sing  aloud  the  gushiog  rills, 

And  the  full  springs  from  frost  set  free, 

That,  lightly  leaping  down  the  hills, 
Arc  juiit  set  out  to  met  the  sea. 

The  yeor's  departing  beauty  hideji. 
Of  wintry  storms  the  sullen  threat, 

But  in  the  sternest  frown  abides 
A  look  of  kindly  promise  yet. 

Tliou  hring'st  the  hope  of  those  calm 
skies. 

And  that  soft  time  of  sunny  showers, 
When  the  wide  bloom  on  earth  that  lies, 

Seems  of  a  brighter  world  than  ours. 


k 


at  now  beert  the 
attributed?      Of   tiki< 

IB,  ttiere  arc  4,8fll,  or 

hose   proceeds   are   ttn 

minister  can  exist  nu 

1  are  nearly  2,fi" 
30(>/.   per  aniii 

i   7,0()0    beiieli. 

B  aclcrgyiniu)  ; 

I  which,  if  not 

Dr.  he  must  o' 

rh  for  the  n< 

id  for  the  CAr. 

Dent  of  ii- 

p  iloes  th< 

J,.    

t - 

Kive  B  tn' 

■ho  enjni. 
r    am  ^ 

fersiiii 


.    jnd 
.^-W  by 
.  <  John 
•T  ictiTe 
^      .■beMade=r  ^ 
.^MKirs  had 
Tartt  island 
^a.  ud  a  tem 
.'  u  the  sprini 
-.^  of  the  thi 
.  ^  and  75°. 
-^^^  <»^ect    to    inc 
^^  «)d  their  great 
"-"*  «.«*  »af«  and  ci> 

.'  of  the«e  islands 
tMt  and  frian)  a^ 
^^^.  j*r,  indeed,  do  w« 
^^iBBflwrated  that  we  £^ 
.  a&enous.     The  aut^ 
.  -  .i^-(-».builocks,sb 
_     .-  which  of  course 
^*^^  the  mother  countrr.  "t" 
^  rW^r  pigeons,  partrid^^ 
**  wdcorks,  quails,  with  a  gr«  - 
^_  ^  Knv;ing   birds,    and    »o*C» 
^^^  M  the  totwtfgm,  and  aiigj* 
^^^ifc  which  we  are   not 

^«afa/.  or  gardens,  are   fiC  S 
^rw  and  foreign  plants  of  gri*" 
^  beauty  and  fragrance,     '*_  " 
^^^  the  palm,    the   dragon-tK^  - 
*^3a  the  orange,   aloe,  and 
^  ^i««Bgea  and  geranium  are 
j^ft  growth ;    the    fuschia, 
_^  i«  our  climate,  a&sutnes  an 
^^^  form  ;  and  the  camclia 
rtKt  to  th^  height  and  stren 
•  !  tree.     The  chief  trade  c 
rnnjrc*.*  lemons,  and  wiri' 
lj.i:Iand   receives     126, < 
J..-,  and  2.0OO   pipea 

i'ciriugoJ  a  large  quantity  ^^ 
i  pulp  i^  sent,  beef  and  porA 
;  which  the  mother  country 
■  ilypaysfor,  in  these commer-' 
cs  —  dispenf ations,    images, 
;, indulgences. relics,  and  lady- 
^j  all  the  articles  except  the  last 
^hcly  sold  m  the  *hopa  at  an 
^anlrate.    Until  the  discoverv  of 
.these  islaodB  Bucceasfully 
^„  ,,,icuf«»  in  the  Kz^^onl^t 
ill  of  the  orange  which   !.«    Len 
^t„  the  sun;  a  refinement  we  ha» 

^\fl  the  cunous  m  fnuj       *^™  ''* 


<L'^' 


-*<«=»■ 


Revibw. — Clarke's  Chaucer. — Boid's  Azores. 


The  Richtt  of  Chauctr.  By  Charles  C. 
Clarke.  2  vol.  12mo. 

ALTHOUGH  we  do  not  agree  in  the 
propriety  of  Mr.  Clarke's  mutilations, 
by  which  our  '  Morning  Star' is  shorn 
of  some  of  his  beama,  on  the  ground, 
that  though  there  may  be  some  coarse- 
ness or  indelicacy  occasionally  in  the 
festive  vein  of  our  old  pQ«t,  yet  there  is 
nothing    of   that   subtle    insinuating 
poison  which  atone  i»  to  be  dreaded, 
and  which  proceeds  from  very  different 
feelings  than  those  which  actuated!  the 
friend  of  the    Plantagenets,    when   he 
poured  forth,  in  the  gaiety  of  his  heart, 
his  rich  romantic  aong.      We  are  in 
great  want  of  a  convenient  and  well- 
edited  Chaucer,  formed  on  the  model 
of  Tyrwhitt'B,   And   assisted    by   the 
improvcmenta  of  later  critics.     In  fact, 
such  an  edition  as  has  been  lately  given 
us  of  the  Poet  Dunbar :  till  then,  if  Mr. 
Clarke's  present  volumes  should  assist 
in  making  our  matchless  bard  popu- 
lar among  those  who  had  never  before 
drank  of  bis  poetry,  why  a  good  end 
will  be  answered.     Chaucer  stands  in 
the  same  place  to  English  po«try.  as 
Ihmie  does  to  the  Italian :  the  great 
Florentiue  far  excels   him  in    severe 
morality  and  lofty  sentiment,  and  that 
majestic    grandeur,    which,    embodied 
as  it  is  in  the  finest  language,  produces 
an  effect  beyond  perhaps  that  of  any 
other   poet.       CAnuoT,  however,  has 
his  own  peculiar  excellencies  :  his  ad- 
mirable  sense,  his  original  and  rich 
•vein   of  humour,    his  fine    and  fresh 
descriptions  of  Nature,  mlk  the  very 
dew  upon  thvm,  his  knowledge  of  hu- 
man character  and  passions;  in  these 
high  qualifications  of  poetr)',  he  has 
found  none  to  excel  him.  That  hia  lan- 
guage to  as,  his  descendants,  is  not 
I  what  Dante's  is  to  the  ItaUans,  was 
his  misfortune,  not  his  fault. 


Bi 


A  Deaeription  of  the  Azortt,  ife 
Copt.  Bold.  8to. 
THE  Azores  (so  called  by  the  first 

E  Portuguese  navigators,  from  the  word 
lAper,  a  hawk,  many  of  these  bird.<i 
ibeing  «e«n  upon  them],  lie  between 
ttc  latitudes  3(r  59",  and  39''  44'  north. 
4nd  longitudes  weht  of  Greenwich  31° 
Y,  and  Q.'S'  10'.  They  are  divided  into 
three  distinct  groups:  the  first  in- 
cluding Flores  and  Ceroo ;  the  central, 



or  second,  Fayal,  Pico,  St.  George, 
Graciosa,  and  Terceira;  in  the  third, 
the  islands  of  St.  Michael  and  St. 
Mary.  They  were  discovered  by  Don 
Henrico,  third  son  of  King  John  I.  of 
Portugal,  who  was]  a  very  active  en- 
courager  of  commerce.  The  Madeiras, 
Cape  Vcrds,  and  Canaries  had  been 
previously  known.  These  islands  en- 
joy a  delicious  climate,  and  a  tempera* 
ture  soft  and  balmy  as  the  spring,  all 
the  yt!ar  \.  the  range  of  the  thermo- 
meter  being  within  50"  and  75°.  They 
are,  however,  subject  to  incessant 
gusts  and  gales ;  and  their  great  defect 
is  the  want  of  any  safe  and  commo- 
dious port. 

The  zoology  of  these  islands  (not 
including  the  num  and  friarg)  seems 
very  confined  ;  nor,  indeed,  do  we  find 
any  auimals  enumerated  that  we  pre- 
sume to  be  indigenous.  The  author 
mentions  horses,  asses, buFlocks, sheep, 
goats,  and  pigs,  which  of  course  were 
brought  from  the  mother  country.  The 
birds  are  chiedy  pigeons,  partridges, 
snipes,  woodcocks,  quails,  with  a  great 
variety  of  singing  birds,  and  some 
canarin,  as  the  totonegro,  and  atieiii- 
yrfira.  with  which  we  are  not  ac- 
qi]ainte<l. 

The   Quinta$,  or  gardens,  are  filled 
with  native  and  foreign  plants  of  great 
size  and  beauty  and  fragrance.     The 
banana,    the  palm,    the   dragon-tree, 
mix   with  the  orange,    aloe,  and  fig. 
The  hydrangea  and  geranium  are  of 
enoimous   growth;    the    fuschia,   so 
humble  in  our  climate,  assumes  an  ar- 
borescent form  ;   and  the  camelia  ja- 
ponica  rises  to  the  height  and  strength 
of  a  forest  tree.     The  chief  trade  con- 
sists of  oranges.*  lemons,  and  wines, 
of    which  England  receives    126,000 
cases  of  oranges,  and  2,000  pipes  of 
wirie.     To  Portugal  a  large  quantity  of 
grain  and  pulp  is  sent,  beef  and  pork 
and  sheep;  which  the  mother  country' 
very  liberally  pays  for,  in  thesecommer- 
cial  article*  —  dispensations,    images, 
crucifixes,  indulgences. relics,  and  lady- 
abbesses  ;  all  the  articles  except  the  last 
being  publicly  sold  in  the  shops  at  an 
exorbitant  rate.    Until  the  discovery  of 
the  Brazils,  these  islands  succcBsfuUy 

•  The  eplcuriw  b  the  Aioraa  oaJ*  eat 
that  side  of  ihe  orange  which  has  be«a 
eiponed  to  the  sun  ;  m  reftnemcnt  we  bav«7 
bwd  equalted  ia  England  with  regard  I* 
peacbek,  by  the  corioiu  in  fniit. 


4 


l«3ii.]     Review. — Sketches  of  Corfu, — Rogers  s  Fruit  tuUivnlor,      2S9 


cultivated  the  sugar,  cane  to  a  great 
exlent.  Then  the  pastel-plant  formed 
a  considerable  branch  of  commerce, 
but  was  destroyed  by  heavy  and  inju- 
dicious duties.  The  third  aera  was 
during  the  free  trade  in  grain  with  the 
mother  country  ;  this*  being  abolished, 
nothing  remained  but  the  orange  and 
the  vine,  which  are  the  sources  oftlieir 
present  prosjierity.  Of  the  condition 
of  the  inhabitants  of  these  fertile  and 
beautiful  gems  of  the  ocean,  some  idea 
may  be  formed  by  the  following  anec- 
dote:  "  A  judicial  person  thought  it 
necessary  to  commence,  as  early  as 
possible  on  his  arrival,  the  work  of 
reform  and  amelioration  in  the  island  ; 
lie  consequently  issued  out  some  de- 
cree relative  to  that  effect,  giving  or- 
ders that  it  might  be  stuck  up  in  dtf- 
ferent  parts  of  the  town  ;  when  one  of 
his  brother  dignitaries,  bftter  ac 
quainter]  with  the  character  of  his 
countrymen,  exclaimed,  '  Such  a  mode 
of  communication  is  perfectly  useless, 
and  might  just  as  well  be  in  Hebrew 
or  Arabic,  fur  we  have  only  two  women 
md  one  ma»  in  the  island  vcho  con 
rtad."" 


I  iiiri 

I       acui 

i: 


Sketches  of  (^orfn,  Hiiitorical  and  Do- 
mestic, Sfc.  12mo. 

A  PLEASING  little  volume,  written 
we  suppose  by  some  officer's  lady, 
consisting  partly  of  description  of 
scenery  and  society,  and  partly  of  ro- 
mantic and  heart- moving  talcs.  To 
us,  however,  who  do  not  '  carry  our 
hearts  iu  oar  sleeves,'  the  most  in- 
teresting page  of  the  whole  was  that, 
which  gave  us  a  liatuf  the  plants  grow- 
ing in  Corfu  (p.  lOS — 112).  We  were 
rather  surprised  to  find  its  Flora  so 
similar  to  our  own,  as  also  its  agree- 
ment in  the  time  of  blossoming.  Ex- 
cept in  the  Oranpe  tree,  there  seems 
nothing  in  the  island  that  betrays  the 
richness  of  southern  vegetation.  If  its 
latitude  alone  were  considered,  many 
tropical  plants  would  grow  tuxurianlly 
on  its  shores ;  but  its  eastern  aitua- 
iiou  closes  up  the  band  of  nature,  as 
ia  seen  invariably  over  Europe.  At 
p.  239,  there  are  some  interesting 
anecdotes  of  Canwa'g  younger  days, 
by  which  it  appears,  that  that  same 
noble  heart,  and  tliose  generous  senti- 
ments, which  distinguished  the  great 
sculptor   in  his  later  years,  grew  up 

Gkxt.  Mto,  Vol.  " 


spontaneously  in  his  earlier  life,  and 
formed  alike  the  grace  and  honor  of  i 
his  youth.     He  was  indeed  a  noble- j 
minded  roan ! 


■  yea 
III. 


The  Fruit  Cultivator.     i?jr  J.  Rogers. 

WE  have  seldom  read  a  book  which 
we  consider  to  have  embraced  in  a 
reasonable  compass  the  valuable  ^arts 
of  its  subject,  more  perfectly  than  the 
present.  Mr.  Rogers  was  for  a  con- 
sid«"rftblL*  time  in  the  Royal  Gardens, 
and  he  has  liaJ  perhaps  more  expe- 
rience than  any  other  gardcrter  in  Eng- 
land. His  choice  of  fruits,  am)  ticat- 
raenl  of  trees,  appear  to  us  to  be  very 
judicious,  nor  ia  be  ever  led  astray  by 
wild  hypotheses,  or  favourite  inclina- 
tions. Whether  he  is  right  in  his  ob- 
servations against  Mr.  Knight's  ex- 
pressed ofiinion  of  the  cause  of  the 
decay  of  our  ufd  apple  trees,  we  cannot 
say;  for  the  sake  of  all  who  love  the 
Golden  Pippin,  we  hope  he  ia,  and  then 
we  may  hope  to  see  that  little  match- 
less fruit  smiling  on  our  tables  once 
again,  and  making  our  mouths  water 
as  it  did  of  yore.  \Vc  are  not  quite 
certain  also,  that  his  proposed  treat- 
ment of  the  tig  is  right :  at  least  we 
have  seen  Figs  severtly  andclosfltf  train, 
ed  under  glass,  succeed  perfectly,  as 
witness  the  gardens  at  Ashridge ; 
while  those  left  to  run  into  wild  luxu- 
riance have  been  barren.  We  will  ex- 
tract his  short  account  of  a  plant 
which  all  admire  who  know. 

"  In  the  Fulkam  Nnrsery  (then  kept 
by  Mr.  Grey),  he  gave  up  a  small  portion 
of  the  KTound  for  the  reception  of  the 
hardy  plants  and  seeds  broiij;ht  ho  ice  hj 
his  intimate  friend  Mark  Catesby.  On 
this  spot  thelirst  plant  at MaffnottaGrandi^ 
flora  Obtwta  was  planted,  prospered,  sod 
flowered  in  the  greatect  perfection.  It 
served  as  a  stool  (hnvitig  a  stage  erected 
ronnd  it},  where  nimipnuis  layers  were 
made  for  20  year*.  Before  it  died  of  this 
coutiDud  mutiUtion.oneof  tlie  first  layers 
was  removed  to  a  sheltered  spot  in  the 
nursery,  and  nourished  su  well  as  to  be 
a  half  standard  tea  feet  high  in  1791. 
Three  years  after,  it  had  above  70  perfect 
flowers  oo  it  at  one  time,  and  was  a  most 
beautifid  object,  and  adinii-cd  by  all  who 
saw  it.  But  iu  three  year*  aiterward*  it 
was  entirely  destroyed  by  a  sudden  and 
severe  frost." 

We  rather  believe  that  there  is  a 
Magnolia  now  in  the  %axci«  ^\VkX»i,^%t 


290    RKvrcw. — Bagster  on  Bees. — Lawrence  on  the  Horse, S(C.    [Marcli, 

which  is  an  ofTspring  of  the  one  men-  Lawrence  on  the  Hortvandall  hi*  Btctt- 
tioned  by  Mr.  Rogers.     On  this  sub-  iifii,  a  tint  edition.   12mo. 
ject  we  hope  soon  to  discourse  again.  WHEN  Kiug  Richard,  at  the  battle 
of  Bosworth,  exclaimed — 

"  A  Horse,  a  Horse,  my  Krngditm   for  t 
Horse," 

he  not  only  well  knew  the  value  of  tlial 
noble  animal,  for  which  he  wa*  offer- 
ing Buch  a  regal  price,  but  undnubtt'tiU 
he  had  a  prophetic  glimpse  of  that 
future  Horse-bazaar  in  King-tlrtrt, 
where  «uch  a  horse  as  he  wanted  mi^ 
now  be  procured.  This  concealed  but 
exquisitely  beautiful  alluAioii  uf  nui 
great  Poet,  has  hitherto  escaped  ha 
coniiT]entntor8,aDd  we  claim  the  honour 
of  bringing  it  to  light.  In  Mr.  Law- 
rence's book  there  is  much  MfH*rul  in- 
formation, and  many  entertaining 
anecdotes.  He  has  proved  thai  //orre- 
cra/i  ia  a  subject  that  none  but  the 
initiated  mn.st  hope  to  touch  ;  for  the 
rest  of  the  world,  let  them  wear  as 
their  motto  the  worda  of  the  MantuAi 
Poet — '  Kquo  Hfcredite  Teucri.' 


T7ie  Management  of  Beet,  vifh  a  Dv- 
gcriplion  of  the  iMdirn'  Sn/oty  Hire. 
By  S,  Bagdter.  Jum. 

"WE  are  afraid  in  our  character  of 
Reviewers,  that  wc  belong  rather  to 
the  IVatpith  tribe,  than  lu  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  Apiary,  and  prefer  devour- 
ing others'  honey,  to  making  any  of 
our  own.  But  putting  aside  our  stings, 
wc  mu$t  own  that  ail  Bee-ma»tcrs  are 
under  obligations  to  Mr.  Banister  for 
his  useful  and  ingeniousTrealise;  par- 
ticularly so  the  Welch  Curates,  who 
{SA  Arbuthnot  says),  are  employed  by 
the  parishioners  in  watchmg  their 
hives  and  swarms  in  week  days,  which 
they  turn  to  gpirituai  honey  for  the 
Sabbath.  Mr.  Bag<«tcr,  with  great 
knowledge  of  his  subject,  and  great 
candour  in  ciaminiiig  the  different 
plansandiinprovementiiin  hive:;,  points 
out  their  defects,  aa  in  the  siorifying 
tyitem,  and  suggests  alterations  of  his 
own.  We  think  Mr.  Nutt's  fenlUatinif 
nttemdoes  him  infinite  credit,  ami  he 
shows  great  sagacity  in  thus  availing 
himself  of  the  instinct  of  the  animal, 
to  provide  better  for  it  than  even  thut 
instinct  could;  while  the  ladies'  safety 
hive  of  Mr.  Bagstcr's  invention  seems 
to  unite  all  that  can  contribute  to  use 
and  security.  The  young  lady  in  the 
frontispiece,  who  is  extracting  honey 
from  the  angry  swarms  of  a  very  touchy 
and  ticklish  people,  seems  doing  it 
with  as  much  sang  froid  as  if  she  were 
feeling  for  a  needle  in  her  work-box. 
In  the  next  edition  we  should  like  a 
few  more  contributions  as  to  the  food 
of  bees,  and  the  eitentof  their  diurnal 
travels.  Many  bees  are  kept  in  Lon- 
don — to  what  district  do  they  usually 
resort  ?  and  how  distant  is  the  circle  of 
their  flight  r  Wc  have  heard  of  a  hive 
kept  in  Holboru  feeding  on  Hampstead- 
heath  ;  and  we  have  heard  also  of  the 
flight  of  bees  extending  to  30  miles. 
We  hope  to  find,  from  the  popularity  of 
this  book,  that  a  better  and  improved 
system  of  managing  bee-hives  will  be 
generally  adopted. 


T/if  Architrctvral  Maga::inf,  c<md*el*4 
by  J.  C.  Loudon.  Vol.  L  Nos.  1  lo 
10,  1834.  Vol.  n.  Nos,  1 1  and  12. 
WE  feci  that  some  apology  is  dut 
to  the  conductor,  for  the  apparent 
neglect  of  which  we  have  been  guilty 
in  omitting  to  notice,  at  an  earU 
period  of  its  exibtencc,  this  new  ani 
pleasing  periodical.  The  tine  aru 
are  already  indebted  to  Mr.  Loudon 
for  the  production  of  various  interest* 
ing  works  on  domestic  architecture 
gardening.  His  Encyclopti-dia  of  Cut 
tage  and  Villa  Architecture  was,  duri: 
its  publication,  repeatedly  noticed  in 
our  Magazine,  with  the  encomiums 
which  it  deserA'ed,  as  a  comprchensi 
selection  of  every  thing  which  mi 
be  necessary  to  illustrate  his  su 
all  its  various  branches.  The  be 
influence  which  attended  the  pu' 
tion  of  the  Encyclupa'dia.  led  to  the 
commencement  of  the  Architactaral 
Magazine. 

"  One  of  the  highe»t  gratii«ati«m*  «• 
have  received  since  wc  conneacad  BatkOTi 
is  to  know  that  thtt  work  is  f^radaallj 
effecting  a  reformation  in  the  «xin«ljiiedM 
of  Cottagc-dwcllings  and  Fariu-bnJU* 
iags,  not  only  tlirooghouc  Briuiii  and 
Ireland,  but  in  Aiucrica  and  Australia* 


2. 


J 


18350 


Revikw. — Architectural  Magazine. 


291 


The  object  of  i\\t  ArchiitclMral  Magazine, 
ii  to  second  the  effect  prodijced  by  the 
Sncyctopadia,  of  improving  the  public 
t«stc  in  Architecture  generally,  by  ren- 
dering it  a  more  intellectual  profession, 
by  recommending  it  ns  m  fit  study  for 
ladies,  und  by  LnJuiiiig  young  architects 
to  read,  writt.  ami  think,  as  well  as  to  aee 
and  draw." — Pre/ace. 

The  adoption  of  the  Magazine  form 
and  arrangement,  adapts  the  work  the 
raore  cunvcnieutly  (or  the  admissioa 
of  original  coramunirntions,  as  well  as 
rritict&tns  ;  and  possessing  a  Review 
dupartincnt,  the  conductor  is  enabled 
to  notice  the  literary  as  welt  as  prac- 
tical reAulte  of  tlie  study  of  architec- 
ture in  the  present  day.  The  worii 
•eti*  out  with  a  copious  introduction, 
fully  detailiQ^  the  objects  of  the  pub. 
licntiou,  inviting  the  co-oprration  of 
Architects,  vspectatly  youn^  ones,  and 
addreasins,  in  plain  but  forcible  lan- 
guage, the  different  dciiominations  of 
artidanii  connected  with  the  mechanical 
part  of  Architecture. 

In  n  summary  way,  Ike  contents  may 
be  said  to  consist,  in  the  first  place,  of 
original  essays  by  the  conductor,  and 
other  gentlemen  uf  scientific  ncquire- 
meuts,  written  With  tlie  view  of  enforc- 
ing the  claims  of  the  noble  science  of 
Architecture,  on  the  score  of  taste;  of 
fnmiliarizing  the  technicalities  and  other 
difficulties  interpusing  to  impede  its 
study  as  an  amusement;  and  aiming  at 
increasing  its  present  popularity  by 
illustrations  easily  comprehended  by 
those  who  have  not  been  professionally 
educated.  An  important  feature  in  the 
literary  department  will  be  criticisms 
on  eiisting  designs,  and  In  such  com- 
positions the  conductor  promises  to 
exert  freedom  and  boldness,  tempered 
with  candour  and  good  feeline;.  The 
other  branch  of  the  work  comprehends 
designs  fur  buildings,  furniture,  and 
other  et-ceteras  connected  with  the 
science  of  Architecture,  essential  to 
the  splendour  and  display  of  a  public 
building,  and  the  utility  and  conve- 
nience of  a  private  one.  And  here, 
without  wiihing  to  disparage  any 
other  portion  of  the  work,  we  con- 
sider that  a  very  important,  if  not  the 
raost  important  feature  of  the  whole, 
is  the  delineation  of  actual  build- 
ings ;  by  which  the  whole  of  a  new 
structure  is  laid  open  to  criticism ; 
its  faults  may  be  timely  exposed,  if  it 


possesses  any.  and  its  merits  will  as 
certainly  meet  with  their  reward  from 
public  estimation.  Architects  may,  by 
this  means,  see  defects  which  were 
perhaps  in  some  cases  unavoidable ; 
but  which,  when  once  pointed  out,  will 
serve  as  beacons  to  others  to  avoid  the 
repetition  of  similar  errors. 

The  first  original  essay  '  On  the  pre- 
ttml  it  at  a  of  the  Profe*si'mn  of  Archi- 
t'ct  and  Surveyor,  and  of  the  Building 
TVttde  in  general,'  is  deserving  to  be 
universally  read.  The  evidence  of  a 
certain  class  of  Surveyors,  as  given  in 
law-suits,  is  truly  compared  by  the 
writer  to  that  of  a  Horse-jockey  in  a 
horse  cause,  and  he  adds,  that  such 
•  has  made  the  name  of  a  Surveyor  a 
laughing-stock  for  the  legal  profession;' 
and  he  illustrates  his  retoark  very 
aptly  : 

"  Plaintiff  A.  and  defendant  B.  are  at 
issue  upon  an  account  for  works  executed. 
The  witnesses  of  A.  state  the  work  is  done 
in  a  very  superior  mnnncr  ;  one  witness 
swears  that  the  work  is  fairly  worth  I, .54  4/., 
and  another  witoe»«,  to  support  him, 
swears  the  fair  value  ia  l.tiiiO/.  Then 
come  the  defendant's  witnesses,  who  state 
that  the  work  is  verybndly  executed,  and 
dune  in  a  very  impruper  manner.  One 
of  them  asserts  that  the  outside  value  of 
the  plaintiff's  work  is  930/.,  and  another 
surveyor  says  he  makes  the  value  353/. 
Now  what  are  the  Judge  and  Jury,  who 
biinw  DO  more  about  a  building  account 
tlian  a  boy  of  seven  years  old,  to  do  in 
such  a  case  ?  Why  they  take  the  several 
aiuounts  as  given  in  evidence — add  them 
together,  and  divide  the  amount  by  the 
number  of  witnesses.  Accordingly,  the 
result  in  the  above  case  would  be,  that  a 
verdict  would  be  given  for  1 ,257/.  Now, 
let  Ardiilect*  and  Surveyors  reflect  upon 
this  disgraceful  mode  of  giving  evidenca 
(and  they  know  too  well  that  what  1  have 
stated  is  pretty  near  the  truth),  and  ask 
themselves  whether  it  is  not  time  that 
sometliing  should  be  done  to  redeem  the 
character  of  their  profession." — p.  13. 

Some  other  disreputable  practices 
are  also  pointed  out,  which  it  is  to  be 
hoped  will  be  extinguished  by  the  expo- 
sition which  they  will  thus  receive — 
the  '  disgraceful  practice  of  architects, 
in  alluring  their  employers  into  difficul- 
ties by  deceptive  drawings  and  incor- 
rect estimates,'  are,  in  like  manner, 
properly  ex^iosed  by  the  writer,  who,  in 
conclusion,  points  out  some  rcracdic* 
for  the  abuses  he  notices. 


L 


294 


Review. — ^Tate  o«  the  Ovidiam  Di$tkh. 


[March, 


trupolis  ;  bow  far  8U|)erior  to  the  bald 
and  poverty- struck  pile  now  existinn:. 
and  which  is  already  eclipsed  by  the 
hotel  and  other  erections  of  the  Steam 
Navigation  Company,  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  way !  We  grieve  to  witness 
the  want  of  taste  which  mars  every 
public  structure  in  the  Metropolis;  the 
wealthy  City  Companies  might  be  ex- 
pected to  expend  their  surplos  reve- 
nues in  the  encouragement  of  the  arts, 
but,  whenever  they  do  build,  prejudice 
or  favouritism  seems  alone  to  predomi- 
nate in  their  choice  of  an  architect. 

But  to  return  to  the  Town  Hall  of 
Birmingham ; — the  architects,  Messrs. 
Hansom  and  Welch,  had  the  good  taste 
to  form  a  genuine  Roman  design,  in- 
stead of  following  the  pseudo-Grecian 
tasfe  of  the  day;  theyhiad  discernment 
enough  to  introduce  into  architecture 
an  imperishable  material,  the  marble 
of  our  own  country,  which  their  pro- 
fessional brethren,  the  admirers  of  Bath 
stone  and  corapo,  had  doomed  to  street 
pavement ;  they  have  raised  a  build- 
ing worthy  of  old  Rome : — and  what  is 
their  reward  ?  ruin  and  bankruptcy  1 
Shame  to  the  age  which  can  witness 
the  destruction  of  the  fortunes  and  the 
blighting  of  the  hopes  of  men  who 
have  erected  such  a  monument,  and  at 
the  same  time  can  witness  the  raisers- 
up  of  piles  without  grace  or  beauty, 
cumbering  the  Metropolis  in  every  direc- 
tion with  buildings,  in  which  estimates 
are  disregarded,  and  money  without 
limit  is  expended,  rolling  in  their  car- 
riages and  amassing  fortunes,  as  if  to 
show  that  riches  and  merit  are  for  ever 
to  be  kept  asunder. 

We  are  gratified  to  witness  a  gra- 
dual improvement  in  the  contents  of 
this  Magazine  as  it  proceeds.  It  is 
undertaken  with  an  excellent  object 
in  view,  and  is  conducted  with  a 
spirit  of  liberality  worthy  the  under- 
taking. The  embellishments  are  wood- 
cuts in  outline,  and  the  conductor  has 
not  been  sparing  in  the  number.  We 
wish  him  every  success,  and  shall  have 
great  pleasure  in  referring  to  his  mis- 
cellany at  a  future  period. 


Richmond  Rvha  to  form  the  Ovidian 
Distich,  tcith  some  Hints  on  the  TVan- 
sition  to  the  VirgiUan  Hexameter, 
and  an  Introductory  Preface.  Edited 
hy  James  Tate,  M.  A.,  junior.  Master 


of  the  Free  Grawmar  School  tifRtdk- 
mmtd.  8vo. 

HE  that  looks  at  the  noblest  speci- 
men of  antique  architecture  witnoat 
some  discriminating  knowledge  of  its 
component  parts,  in  ignorance  of  tlie 
distinctive  marks  of  the  Orders,  will 
form  but  a  very  imperfect  notion  of  its 
integral  merits,  however  blessed  with 
natural  taste  and  good  sense;  we 
bold  that  it  is  even  so  in  the  contem- 
plation of  the  classical  works  of  ihe 
great  poets  of  antiquity  which  fortu- 
nately remain  to  as  entire,  or  even  m 
fragments.  Without  an  examination 
of  their  minutiae,  we  may  indeed  form 
an  estimate  of  their  magnitude ;  but  a 
full  knowledge  of  their  beauty,  their 
harmony  and  proportion,  will  not  be 
attained.  One  of  the  best  modes  of 
acquiring  this  knowledge  is,  undoubt- 
edly, the  practice  of  those  imitative 
compositions  so  successfully  cultivated 
in  our  great  public  schools. 

Here,  then,  is  a  work  to  farther 
this  good  end,  exhibiting  a  Porsoniaa 
example  of  acutcness  and  diligent  re- 
search. We  could  wish,  indeed,  that 
it  had  not  been  confined  to  the  Ovi- 
dian Distich,  but  had  taken  a  wider 
field,  and  included  a  general  view  of 
the  elegiac  structure.  Still,  we  are 
aware  that  limits  must  be  drawn: 
the  varying  practice  of  different  and 
distant  periods  should  not  be  com- 
bined in  one  short  piece.  Mr.  Tate, 
therefore,  perhaps  better  consultxd 
utility  when  he  made  his  bounds 
Ovidian,  than  if  he  had  further  ex- 
tended them.  Be  this,  however,  as  it 
may,  the  little  treatise  before  us  will 
be  found  useful  to  the  most  critioJ 
scholar,  and  may  be  advantageously 
perused  even  by  those  who  are  deter- 
mined to  break  bounds  in  a  holiday 
ramble. 

At  p.  5  we  are  warned  that  the 
pentameter  is  never  formed  thus : 

Vile  cadaver  |  sum  U  tuque  cadaver  eris. 

Yet  there  is  an  instance  (probably  soli- 
tary) of  this  construction : 

Justaqueqaamris  |  est,  ||  sit  minor  ira  Dei. 
Ex  Pont.  II.  Tui.  76. 

Heinsius,  whether  in  dislike  of  the 
metre,  or  to  avoid  the  juxta-posi- 
tion  of  est  and  sit,  we  know  not,  re- 
marks :  "Justaque  quantumvis  malim." 


i 


We  are  inclined  to  think  that  elision 
of  tinal  voweU,  or  m,  is  more  common 
in  Ovid  than  Mr.  Tate  admits,  p.  7< 
Tarning  to  Ex  Ponto  111.  i.  we  find  it 
lake  ploce  in  v.  7,  20,  27.  35,  43,  &c. 
it  should  he  remarked,  that  in  these 
live  instances  the  elision  precedes  tut. 

From  the  vtry'  same  epistle  wu  seem 
aUo  to  gather,  that  these  forms,  infint 
jtentatnetri, 

Uostibus  4>  mediiii  nupta  petenda  v'lto  est, 
are  more  frequent  than  the  expression, 
"  some  few  forms,"  (p.  8)  appears  to 
indicate;  fur  it  presents  three,  w.  4, 
58,  120. 

Pofmt  0/  Akmttide,  with  a  Life  of 
Akensiie.  fry  /Ap  Rev.  A.  Dyce, 
Aldine  Eililion.     Pickering. 

WE  have  at  length  an  authentic 
and  well-written  life  of  this  celebrated 
poet.  Mr.  Dyce  has  brouy;ht  to  lifiht 
much  truth  hitherto  concealed  and  lost 
arooDg^a  moss  of  blunders  and  mistakes. 
He  ha^  fpven  a  good  dose  of  the  s}'rup 
of  ^itrit-thorn  to  the  last  Editor,  who 
has  been  employed  in  dipping  i3urit-ets 
into  empty  wells,  and  consequently 
drawing  nothing  up.  Akenside  was  a 
man  of  learning,  thought,  and  poetic 
imagination  ;  but  his  mind  was  defec- 
tive in  sensibility ;  he  seldom  afl'ects  the 
feelings,  and  when  he  intends  to  he  nim- 
ple,  he  sinks  into  flatness  and  insipi- 
dity. Yet  with  all  these  drawbacks  he 
was  a  great  poet.  His  Hymn  to  the 
Naiads,  as  a  classical  production,  is 
unri vailed  ;  and  his  imcriptions  are 
poaitivcly  faultless.  Parts  of  his  great 
poem  are  also  very  fine,  and  in  a  high 
atyle  of  invention.  His  Odes  are  very 
unequal  ;  bat  still  we  like  them  better 
than  Mason's  or  Warton's :  a  very 
few  of  the  stanzas  are  as  line  as  Gray. 
Hia  personal  history,  with  which  Mr. 
Dyce  for  the  first  time  has  made  us 
acquainted,  is  not  very  interesting. 
What  can  be  said  of  a  man  who  B])eot 
bis  morning  in  administering  doses  of 
rhubarb  and  magnesia,  and  his  even- 
ings in  spouting  at  coffee-houses  about 
the  liberty  of  the  Spartans  ?  Mr.  Dyce 
says  he  was  fond  ofGotliic  architecture, 
and  as  a  proof  mentions,  that  he  was 
wont  to  sit  in  St.  James's  Park,  and 
gaze  on  Westminster  Abbey.  It  may 
be  so  ;  for  most  poets  live  under  some 
illusion  or  another  ;  but  we  can  con> 


ceive  few  objects  to  be  more  ridiculous 
than  a  sallow-faced  old  man,  in  a  stiff 
buckle  wig,  with  a  cork  heel,  and  an 
open  shirt-frill,    sitting  in   the    Park, 
looking  at  Sir  Christopher  Wren's  two 
modern   towers  (for  that  is  all  of  the 
Abbey  whirli  he  could  see),  and  faiicy- 
inghe  was  studyin;;  gothic architecture. 
Mr.   Dyce  we  believe  to  be    a    great 
admirer  of  Hutcheson's    Dissertation 
on  the  Origin  of  our  Ideas  of  Virtue, 
&c. ;  accordingly  he  has  observed  that 
Akenside  is  much  indebted  to  it.     We 
shall  conclude  with  tlie  biographer's 
judicious   summary  of  the  poet's  me- 
rits   and    defects :     "  On    a  series    of 
papers  by  Addison,  Akenside  founded 
his  great  didactic  poem ;    to  Shaftes- 
bury and  Hutcheson  also  he  is  con- 
siderably   indebted ;     and    from    the 
writers  of  Greece  and  Rome  he  has 
derived  a  few   of  his  ideas,  and  per- 
haps a  portion  of  his  inspiration  ;  for 
never  had  the  genius  and  wisdom  of 
antiquity  a  more  ardent  admirer,  or  a 
more  enamoured  student.     In  this  ce- 
lebrated work,  if  little  invention  is  ex- 
hibited, the  tu^te  and  skill  with  which 
the  author  has  selected  and  combined 
his  materials,  are  every  where  conspi^ 
cuous  :  if  the  thoughts  are  not  always 
stamped  with  originality,  they  have  a 
general  loltmcss,   and   an   occasional 
sublimity.     If  some  passages  are  not 
lighted  up  with  poetic  fire,  they  glow 
with  rhetorical  beauty, while  ingenious 
illustration  and  brilliuot  imagery  com- 
bine and  adorn  the  whole.     Akenside 
has  chosen  no  unimportant  theme,  and 
he  treats  it  with  an  earnestness  and 
enthusiasm  which  at   once  command 
attention.    He  pours  forth  a  moral  and 
philosophic  strain,  which  elevates  the 
mind  -,  but  he  dwelis  so  tittle  on  actual 
existence  and  human  interests,  that  it 
rarely   moves  the  heart.     His  diction 
is  rich  and  curious,  sometimes  even  so 
redundant  as  slightly  to  obscure  the 
meaning,    and    sometimes   so  remote 
from  common  phraseology,  as  to  im- 
part an  air  of  atiffnttt  and  turgidity  to 
hia  lines.     His  versification  is  sweet 
and  flowing ;  and  perhaps  those  only 
who  are  familiar  with  the  cadences  of 
Miltuii,  will  complain  of  its  monotony. 
That   be    possessed    powers    for    the 
graver  kind  of  satire,  is  evinced  by  his 
Epistle  to  Curio, — a  composition  re- 
markable  for  keen,   but   not  coarse, 
invective,    dignity    of    reproof,     and 


I 


296 


RKViRW.->Loudon'8  Arboretum  Britanniam.  [Mardi, 


inteDsity  of  scorn.  Throoghoat  the 
range  of  English  literature  there  is 
nothing  more  deeply  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  the  ancient  world,  than  our 
author's  Hymn  to  the  Naiads.  In  its 
solemnity,  its  pomp  of  expression,  and 
its  mythologic  lore,  he  has  shown 
himself  a  most  successful  imitator  of 
Callimachus  ;  yet  is  it  far  from  being 
the  mere  echo  of  a  Grecian  hymn. 
Nor  are  his  terse  and  energetic  in* 
scriptions  less  worthy  of  praise.  In 
some  of  Akenside's  Udes,  especially 
those  on  the  Winter  Solstice,  and  on 
Lyric  poetry,  there  are  stanzas  of 
pleasing  picturesqueness ;  but  in  the 
greater  number  he  appeals  chiefly  to 
the  understanding  of  the  reader,  and 
is  not  solicitous  to  heighten  the 
eflfiect  of  the  sentiments,  by  wreathing 
them  with  the  flowers  of  fancy.  In 
those  to  the  £arl  of  Huntingdon,  and 
to  the  country  gentlemen  of  England, 
he  rises  to  a  gwomie  grandeur,  which 
has  seldom  been  surpassed.  His  Odes 
on  the  whole  are  deficient  in  impetu< 
ousness,  warmth  of  colouring,  tender- 
ness,  and  melody." 


Arboretum  Brittumieum ;  or  the  Hardy 
7We«  of  Britain.  8fc.  No.  I,  By 
J.  C.  Loudon.  {To  be  completed  in 
24  Numbers,  8vo. 

THE  first  number  of  this  interest- 
ing and  well-designed  little  work  con- 
tainstbe  'Magnoiias.'themostsplendid 
class  of  trees  that  nature  has  bestowed 
upon  us,  with  the  exception  of  the  magi- 
cal luxuriance  of  her  tropical  vegetation. 
They  are  found  to  thrive  well  in  the 
climate  of  Great  Britain,  though  not 
to  attain  the  size  and  grandeur  which 
they  possess  in  their  native  countries ; 
nor  do  they  ripen  their  seeds  so  well 
with  us,  as  under  the  more  genial  suns 
of  our  Gallic  neighbours;  but  they 
grow  sufllciently  well  to  be  highly  or- 
namental and  delightful,  both  for  their 
foliage  and  their  fragrance.  As  Mr. 
Loudon  has  nearly  given  a  perfect  list 
of  those  which  we  possess,  we  shall 
onlv  throw  together  a  few  short  obser- 
vations on  the  subject — the  result  of 
our  own  limited  experience. 

1.  Magaolia  Giandiflora.  —  This 
plant,  whose  ample  and  shining  foliage 
IS  unrivalled,  is  a  very  shy  blossomer, 
so  much  so,  as  to  have  caused  it  to 
be  less  sought  for  than  its  varieties, 
9 


We  intend  to  try  severe  pmning,  and 
ringing  the  bark.  At  Red  Leaf  we 
saw  weights  suspended  from  the 
branches,  which  were  said  to  answer 
the  purpose  of  checking  the  luxuriance 
of  the  sap,  and  producing  flower.  The 
finest  specimen  we  know  of  this  plant 
(out  of  Devonshire),  are  those  at 
White  Knights,  and  at  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Garnier's,  near  Southampton  (but  those 
are  the  Ex  mouth  variety),  'llie  finest 
plant  near  London,  is  in  the  Botanic 
Garden  at  Chelsea,  which  grows  beao- 
tifully,  but  does  not  flower.  There  are 
twofine«/aiii2ar(batLord  Palmerston's, 
near  Romsey ;  but  as  a  standard  this 
plant  in  England  does  not  attain  the 
size  and  beauty  which  it  does  abroad. 
The  grove  of  them  at  Malmaison  was 
the  most  brilliaut  assemblage  of  these 
trees  we  ever  beheld.  At  Naples  also 
we  have  seen  trees  which  we  have 
presumed  to  be  30  feet  high,  growing 
near  the  sea.  The  Exmouth  variety  is 
to  be  preferred  for  its  profuse  blossom- 
ing. The  obtuse- leaved  is  sometimes 
almost  as  abundant  in  its  blossoms, 
which  are  much  larger.  The  narrow- 
leaved  is  a  pleasing  variety,  but  does 
not  blossom  so  freely. 

II.  Glauca. — ^Thistree  is  very  hardy, 
and  of  a  most  delightful  perfume.  We 
remember  a  row  of  magnificent  old 
trees  of  this  kind,  at  least  20  feet  high, 
and  probably  nearly  a  century  old,  at 
Mr.  Southgate's  farm,  at  Chertsey. 
They  were  cut  down  when  the  new 
house  was  built.  By  growing  this  • 
tree  against  a  wall,  we  get  its  blos- 
soms both  sooner  and  later ;  we  ga- 
thered some  last  year  in  December. 

III.  Thompson's  variety. — A  very 
beautiful  and  valuable  tree,  raised  be- 
tween the  Glauca  and  Tripetala,  and 
possessing  in  itself  almost  all  the 
elegance  and  beauty  of  the  two — it  is 
a  very  free  blossomer,  and  very  fra- 
grant. 

IV.  Tripetala. — A  very  handsome 
tree,  whose  fine  ample  foliage,  and 
large  blossoms,  must  always  excitp 
admiration.  The  finest  specimens 
with  which  we  are  acquainted,  are  at 
Sir  Abraham  Hume's  near  Hertford, 
at  Lord  Essex's  at  Cashiobury,  at 
Lord  Darnlev's  at  Cobham,  and  those 
at  White  Knights. 

V.  Acuminata. — A  handsome  and 
hardy  tree,  not  so  liable  as  the  former 
to  be  torn  by  the  winds.    Its  blossoms 


183a.] 


Rf.vii;\v. — Loudon's  Arboretum  Briiannicum. 


297 


iosi^ificant,   but   its  leavca   are 

irge,  and  the  character  of  its  growth 

irery  ornamental.     The  finest  tree  in 

Liiglaod  of  this  kind  is  at  Lard  Petre's. 

It  Brentwood.    Wc  believe  there  was 

)Dce  an  avcouc  of  them ;  at  any  rate 

lerewas  (till  lately)  another  as  large, 

rhich  was  cut  down  for  some  purpose 

ir  other,  by  those  who  could  not  know 

value.     The   trunk  is   as  large  aa 

lat  of  an  ordinary   apple   tree.      It 

rows  on  a  kind  of  yellow  stiff  brick- 

irth,  in  the  kitchen  garden.     Sec  also 

If  garden  at  Droptnore. 

VI.  Cordata. — Not  so  handsome  as 
ie  former,  it's  blosaoraa  Htn.il I,  uf  a 
luish    preen,    fadin^if    into   yellow. — 

lere   was   a  handsome   tree   in  the 
*garden  at  White  Knights. 

VII.  ConsjHcun,  or  Ulang:. — This  is 
a  Chinese  plant,  and  flowera  before  it 
puis  forth  leaves.  It  is  the  most  pro- 
lusc  rtowerer  of  the  whole  tribe  ;  and 
fwhen  a  standard  of  any  size,  its  large 

rhitc  biossoiQd,  seen  iirneath  a  blue 
iky,  and  brilliantsunof  April,  are  quite 
lazilinfc.     Their  perfume  is  weak  and 
lint,  hut  not  unpleasing.     They  come 
»ne  month  loo  soon,  for  they  are  npt 
be  injured  either  by  frost  or  driving 
tin,    especially  iu   valleys   and    low 
rounds.      The   best    specimen    near 
indon  is,  that  known  to  all  florists, 
Mr.  Malcolm's  garden  at  Kcn^ing- 
tton.     There  is  also  a  fine  one  at  Mr. 
Gray's  at  Hornsey,  and  some  at  Cob- 
ham.      If  the   climate   is    favourable. 
and   the  seasons  kindly,  this   plant  is 
better  as  a  standard,  OS  the  reflection 
of  the  sun's  mys  from  the  wall  too 
rapidly  rxpan<ls  and  di'stroys  the  blos- 
soms.    We  have  also  htard  of  a  fine 
specimen  of  this  tree  at  some  park  ou 
toe    road    between    Canterbury    and 
Dover,    but  we    have    forgotten    the 
place.      There   is  a  beautiful   variety 
called   the  Soulangia  with  purple  on 
the  external  petals. 

VIII.  Purpura. — This  also   is  from 
ioa.     It  docs  beet  against  a  wall, 

wood  is  rather  weak,  and  its 
ims  tender ;  its  ilowerd  are  very 
Itifult  with  a  weak  pleasinq;  fra- 
ice.  The  largest  wc  know  is  in  our 
rpoeae^sion,  which  ia  about  20  feet  high, 
and  bears  hundreds  of  flowers  every 
year.  Of  this  plant,  there  is  a  pretty 
variety,  called  the  '  Gracilis;'  it  difl'crs 
from    the  other  in   its    petals,  being 

Kntirely  purple  in  the  exterior,  wberc- 
Grnt.  Mag.  Vol.  Ill, 


as  the  '  Purpurea'  goes  off  into  while 
towards  the  superior  cdge.^ 

IX.  Auriculatn. — A  &i)ecics  hardly 
excet'dcd  in  beauty  by  any.  Its  flow- 
ers arc  liirgc  and  cream-coloured,  of  a 
strong  aiid  pungent  scent-  Its  leaves 
are  nearly  as  lare;e  as  those  of  the 
Tripetala.  There  are.  we  believe,  some 
good  specimens  at  Whitley  and  Bra- 
mer's,  at  Fulham  Nursery;  at  least, 
we  saw  some  very  fine  ones  there  a 
few  years  since. 

X.  Magnolia  Macrophylla.  We  have 
now  arrived  at  the  most  splendid  and 
superb  species  of  the  whole.  This 
plant  was  first  introduced  by  Mr. 
Lyons,  from  the  forests  of  Tenciisoe. 
Its  ieavea  are  aometinies  a  foot  and  a 
half,  and  even  more,  in  length,  antl  of 
proportionate  breadth  ;  its  flowers  of 
ample  size,  and  brilliantly  white.  The 
finest  specimen  in  England  \s  at  the 
Duke  of  Devonshire's,  at  Chiswick. 
There  was  one  as  fine  at  Wliite- 
Knight's,  and  at  Mr. Gray's,  near  Horn- 
sey. It  has  not  universaMy  succeeded  in 
England,  from  the  softness  and  po- 
rousness of  the  wood  being  injured  by 
the  winter  :  when  young,  therefore,  it 
would  be  as  well  to  cover  them  with 
mats,  lliis  tree  is  not  common,  and 
perhaps  half  a  d(»ren  specimens  could 
not  be  procured  of  all  the  nuracry- 
mou. 

Thus  far  have  we  gone  in  making  a 
few  practical  ohservationB  on  Mr.  Lou- 
don's list.  We  have  seen  two  or  three 
small  specimens  of  other  a[iecies  at 
Mr.  Lee's,  at  Hammersmith,  but  they 
have  di&appearc<l ;  at  least  we  don't 
know  whether  they  still  survive  :  and 
now  we  shall  clo^e  our  account  i  f 
these  delightful  productions  of  nature, 
by  saying,  that  the  best  soil  for  thera 
is  the  black  dry  tiplantl  fipnlk  :  in  this 
they  grow  most  luxuriantly,  and  their 
foliage  assumes  a  rich  dark  green  hue. 
Next  to  this  ia  the  peat,  or  bog  earth, 
if  taken  off  the  surface  of  the  soil : 
then  follows  the  soil  of  Cobhara, 
which  is  a  light  sandy  loam.  But 
while  all  American  plants,  rhododen- 
drons, kalmios,  as  well  as  magnolias, 
will  grow  in  loam,  both  soft  and  stiff, 

•  Wc  suppose  thot  all  our  renders  are 
aware  that  this  tribe  of  pbuts  was  named 
from  Profes8t>r  Maf^nul,  of  Montpelier. 
See  memoirs  of  him  by  Sir  E.  Smith,  ia 
Kees's  Cjcluptedia. 

2  Q 


i 


298 


Fine  Artt. — Royal  Acadenti/, 


[^Maxell, 


i 


it  invariably  takes  from  the  beauty  of 
the  foliage,  imparting  to  it  a  yellow 
and  figlit  hue,  which  may  be  seen  in 
Mr.  Curtis 's  garden  at  Glnzcn-wood, 
where  this  tribe  of  plantii  grows  vigo- 
rously on  a  strong  Est>ex  loam,  but 
does  not  look  so  healthy  in  foliage  as 
when  grown  in  a  black  soil.  The 
cliiunte  of  Devonshire,  or  the  south 
of  Hampshire,  is  more  suitable  to 
these  plants  than  that  of  any  other 
|>art  of  England;  partly  from  the 
mildness  of  the  winters,  and  partly 
from  the  prevalence  of  the  mot«t 
Boutli-westeragales^and  rain.  VVhere- 
ever  the  fig-tree  in  England  will  grow 
asa standard,  the  mn^uolia*  will  abo 
succeed;  and  we  have  im  doubt  but 
in  some  of  the  beautiful  and  shtltered 
parts  in  the  New  Forest,  taU  groves  of 
these  niagniflceut  trees  might  be  raised 
with  ease. 

In  Mr.  Loudon's  second  number,  is 
an  interesting  dissertation  on  the  trees 
of  Great  Britain.  We  have  only  to 
remark,  that  we  think  Cicsar  probably 
referred  to  the  nilverjir,  when  he  used 
the  term  Abies,  which  tree  he  had 
been  used  to  see  covering  the  moun- 
tains and  valleys  of  Helvetia;  the 
fatfua,  we  do  not  believeto  be  either  the 
oak  or  beech,  but  tJie  txcwt  chesnut, 
which,  without  doubt,  the  Romans 
brought  to  England ;  as  the  name 
would  prove.  Caphornius  means  that 
tree  in  the  following  lines  of  his  fourth 
Eclogue, 

Uybemft  probihe«  jejuni*  solvere  fago  ! 
— the  inhabitants  of  the  Apennines 
even  now  depending  greatly  on  the 
chesnut  for  their  winter  food  ;  but  we 
never  heard  of  any  tribe  of  people  in 
Italy  subsisting  on  beech-nuts,  nor 
is  the  beech  a  common  tree  in  Italy. 
We  arc  glad  to  find  Mr.  Loudon  at 
once  destroying  the  absurd  hypothesb 


of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  refieated  by  Mr. 
GUpin  and  others,  of  our  present 
plantations  of  pines  being  raised  from 
Canadian  seed,  which  produces  a  dif- 
ferent tree  from  that  of  the  Scottish 
mountains.  We  always  knew  its 
falsehood,  from  the  concurrent  testi- 
mony of  nurserymen,  who  assured  us 
that  their  seeds  always  came  from 
Scotland.  The  fact  is,  our  late  piao- 
tationa  of  Scotch  lirs  are  spoiled  by 
t?ie  [ilaiiter.  Like  all  evergreen  trees. 
they  must  have  room  to  expand  freely 
and  unmolested,  and  throw  their  arm» 
and  limbs  in  the  direction  they  best 
like.  We  can  show  firs  of  from  20  to 
30  years  old,  with  all  tlie  incipient 
fine  romantic  character  of  their  admired 
ancestors  :  but  they  have  been  planted 
judiciously,  and  "  arafdc  space  and 
verge  enough,"  has  been  allowed  them. 
Like  other  evcrgrt-ens,  they  never  re- 
cover their  beauty  if  once  disfigured. 
The  finest  trees  we  know  of  this  bpeciea 
are  in  Greenwich  Park,  at  the  bottoin 
of  the  hill.  They  should  be  seen  on  a 
summer  evening,  when  the  sun  setting 
over  London,  slants  his  beams  through 
their  dark  and  glowing  umbrage,  and 
lights  up  as  with  fire  their  rich 
auburn  trunks.  7^hey  are  as  grand  as 
Cedars;  and  theirramiticatJonis  always 
much  superior  to  that  of  the  Pinaster. 
We  believe  the  ymo  to  be  indigeaoas : 
but  not  the  artntiuM.  And  thus  we 
close  our  present  observations  on  this 
well-designed  and  well-conducted 
work,  urging  Mr.  Loudon  to  proceed, 
and  assuring  him  that  the  favour  of  the 
public  is  already  most  amply  secured. 

Mactc  animo  Lovdone,  et  macte  ingen- 

tibus  arsis. 
Nee  tibi  Naiades  in  tanti  parte  Uboris 
Abnuerint  viridem  saUcia  de  fronde  co- 

ronam. 
Ji~lL  J.  M. 


FINE  ARTS. 


nOYAt.    ACADEMY. 

fib.  16.  Mr.  Westm«colt  commenced 
bis  course  of  lectures  on  Seidpture.  He 
stated,  that  to  promote  the  improvement 
of  tbo«e  who  attached  tbcmaelvcB  to  lius 
class  of  art,  tlkc  Academy  hail  appninted 
two  officers  from  amongst  their  o>vn  mem- 


bers— namelv,  a  Visitor  and  a  Profestor* 
The  former  had  the  daily  duty  to  perform 
of  selecting  the  antique  statues  Ric.,  for 
the  students  of  that  class;  the  lattrr  hod 
quite  a  dtiTcrent  otfice,  having  annually  to 
deliver  discourses  upon  the  history  of  the 
act  from  its  intiont  state  through  its  vari- 


*  The  eTergreen  aufDoUa  grows  well  at  Edinbargh,  against  a  wall,  and  we  be- 
lieve  ho*  ripened  it«  Med».  Wliere  is  the  talip-tra;  Men  in  Great  Britain  ia  ita 
miMt  mortkem  lituation?     We  should  like  to  know. 


I 


d 


1635.] 


Fitte  Arts. 


299 


ous  progressions,  from  tbcncc  to  ith  iiicri- 
dian  Kpli'iidotirajid  d<'diiie,  in  the  diiTuiriit 
BfitfS  ami  n«tions  nljiTciii  it  iviiscultivati'd. 
The  ProtesHor  exliiltiU'd  some  drawingt} 
liy  M.  Bonomi,  uF  cut  ions  Clmldean  nto- 
iiMinenis.  and  u  must  from  mImk^io  relievo, 
Kiipj»o*i'd  to  rcprt'seiit  nn  Ati!<yriiui  Prinif, 
with  I']^)ii(iurt  uiu)  Cliitldfiiti  tiililets  uf  u 
very  curious  diHtrijitioti,  discovered  by 
tliut  f^cntlcniiiti  duriiif;  a  ]on^  residence  in 
tho»c  countries.  Jii  ull  lite  Chaldi»iii  tn- 
blt'tJi  tho  iiirureR  ^eetn  i*omini»  from  tlie 
cnst.  The  Prtifi'sscir  pave  a  very  full  and 
irilLTCsting  di-srriiitioii  of  the  important 
dintovcrieH  inude  in  the  ancient  land  uf  the 
Vulsc'iuns  a  tountry  which  uppciirs  to 
\nv\t:  been,  at  some  mrly  pi-riud,  ihirkly 
inliiibitfd,  if  we  may  jud^je  from  the 
pninU'rof  their  tomhs.  of  whiih  ujiuards 
of  <jlK)  hwve  l>een  discovered  opposite 
Taniyioii  nhjne,  witli  other  evideni-esi  of 
n  dense  puptthttion.  He  displayed  a  dniw- 
iiig  of  ,ni  J!^trus<-a»  tomb,  ot  ii  eonical 
form,  which  was  ndnjtli'd  liy  lliis  pi-ujde 
and  wjme  olhera,  vvhJJst  tlie  E^'ptiuns 
adopted  ttie jiyrumid  for  ^iniilur  purposes, 
ile  cib»crvea  that  both  thest-  forms  were 
found  in  Mexico  fur  (.imilar  ptirpose*. 
The  Professor  describe( J  the  construction 
of  these  mnusoleii,  their  interior  decora- 
liuns,  )ininlin>;s,  colouri-,  Is.k.,  and  their 
eiirly  tniunter  uf  inliiiiuiUioti,  which  was 
Hiterwurd*  cban^vd  for  tbcunis. 


Winki.kb'  CathtJfidi, — Sai.isbuhy. 

It  is  OIK'  of  tlic  (rrentcst  tnisfortuiies 
riliutcan  happen  to  a  critic,  when  perlbrm- 
iiig  the  iieresiHiry  duty  of  jioiniiui:  unt  uti 
liuthor>    inncrtimeifs,    to  have  his  own 
I  St^ilciuent  di'faeed  by  n  tvpogra|»1nial  er- 
ror.    Mr.  Moi'Li ,  the  ftutlior  of  the  li-rter- 
prefTS  to  Winkle:*"  (!alhednils,  has  written 
,  to  coriipluin  that  we  h:ive  nli^^l■|»^L'M'ntl■d 
.  bill)  (III  p.  193],  as  ineorreetly  stating;  the 
nunnber  of  marks  exfiended  on  the  build- 
'  \t\^  of  SoHsbiiry  nitliednil,  to  have  been 
4<l0.tX)(>  iii<itead  of  Ut.tJHlX).     Sueb  wa»  not 
'otir  intention;   but  all  we  ineuot  was  it 
tb'irmles.«Mnile  at  hi*  reromlite  rideulalioii 
l|hat/ur/i/-thousaiid  niarkw,  in  the  rii|;n  of 
Meiiry  ill.  was  '•abiMl  20,(ititM.  13*.  U. 
\jtrrtfnt  money!  " 

Mr,  Moule  uNo  tells  m  that  he  hn<<  not 
omitted  (he  dnie  uf  the  fottiidution  of  the 
chureh;  but  that,  if  we  did  nut  find  it 
fteeoinfianyin^'  his  \ery  inrorreel  aeeount 
'  of  the  foundation  in  p.  "i,  we  should  by 
turning  lack  to  p.  I.  Arrordinf,'ly  we 
there  Jind  it  stated  that  it  was  in  •'  A.  l>, 
lisSO,  the Jtfift  year  of  thereifrriof  Henry 
JII."  but,  BH  ifie  eoremonv  took  phiee  on 
the  iv  eal.  of  May.  Mr.  Aluole  will  find  it 
WM  in  t\w  fmrlh,  and  not  the  fiflli,  \ei4r 
of  tb»t  rei^n.  Dur  itulhor  then  leleis  us 
t»  an  epitaph,  in  t>i4  latin  (')  in  Anti>|- 


Sari«burieiis(S  (!)p.  137.  VVt<  inia^inc  be 
bad  never  bimself  looked  at  that  epitapl , 
or  it  ini^ht  liave  Ktill  fnrtlter  puzxlcd  hini. 
It  d<K'S  not  state,  as  Mr.  Moule  says  it 
does,  lliat  the  ehoreh  was  lini«hed  in  1:^60, 
bnt  that  it  waslinished  in  l'^."J7.  In  lact, 
it  is  a  very  blu»»dering  intiiription,- — a  blind 
leader  of  the  blind ;  and  not  worthy  of 
further  examination,  us  the  chronology  of 
the  church  of  Salisbury  may  be  gleaned 
from  better  authority.  How  Mr  Moule 
has  done  thifi,  be  provoker  us  to  show. 
He  says,  1.  "tbat  theoathedml  was  coiik- 
crnUd  on  Michitelmas  day  I*i2.i.   l)y  Ste- 

[ihen  Langton,  Archbisbop  of  Canter- 
mry"  tp. .'J);  then,  2.  that  "the  si)l»"mn 
iledication  took  place  in  1258"  (p,  I-J;  and 
3  '*  in  the  same  year  that  the  ediliee  was 
consernited,  the  bodies  of  three  hishops 
were  removed  from  the  old  eatliedral." 
{if/iif. )  Now  the  real  order  of  these  pro- 
eeeding's  i? :  1 .  That  it  was  visited,  but  not 
''consecrated."  by  .Vrchhishop  Lungton, 
in  I25JJ;  'i.  that  tilt' bodies  of  the  Bisbojis 
were  translated  in  lii2G  (and  not  in  the 
same  year);  3.  that  the  cbfjrcb  was  <-oii*e- 
cruted  in  l2o8,  and  nut  (as  a  wbule,  but 
only  certain  altars)  until  then.  Sn  much 
for  the  historical  ncturacy  of  .Mr.  Monlc  ; 
and  the  danger  of  takinj;  information  from 
th>'  tenth  echo,  instead  of  listening  to  tbe 
oripnal  voice.  The  plates  in  Messrs. 
Winkles'  Second  Part  are  hardly  et|ual  to 
those  in  tbe  Kirst.  The  distance  iu  the 
Lady  Cbiipel  is  ill-drawn. 


Col.MAS''s  yornuttiili/f  Pifitrdif,  fcc. 
Part  1,  Atlas  ito. — The  most  favourite 
subjects  with  artists  in  the  district*  of  tbe 
Continent  nearest  borne,  are  precisely 
those  which  we  Jind  in  this  work  :  u  vig- 
netti-  of  J^lont  St.  Mifhel,  Itoueti  from 
Mont  Stc.  fitlhiirine,  Houen  cathedral 
(Irom  the  south),  the  (ireat  CliH.'k-houi!e 
at  Rouen,  ninl  the  interior  of  Chartres 
cathednil.  All  of  these  arc  ulrcndy 
somewhat  familiar  to  us :  and  all  »  e  can 
sayasdi^tingutshiiigthcm  from  tbe  French 
lithogmphs,  which  are  ^o  numerous,  is 
tbat  they  were  drawn  from  nature,  and 
trMnsferred  tothosJnne, by  Mr.  W.  Good- 
ing  (.ktlman  himself,  who  has  not  only 
showed  his  nroticiency  in  architectural 
pcmpeetive,  mit,  in  the  distant  view  of 
Honeii,  in  landscaj^e  also.  His  figures  are 
also  eharacteristie  and  well-disjio'sed.  We 
trust  his  work,  which  is  to  be  concluded 
in  four  parts,  will  be  |ratroitized  as  that  of 
a  niitive  artist.  It  is  uccoin|ianied  by  in- 
telligent descriptions;  from  one  of  which 
we  are  sorry  to  leani,  that  a  lira  at  Mont 
St.  MirbeJ,  on  the  Vf^d  Uci.  last,  destroy, 
ed  ii  eon'^iderablp  p«trtioii  of  its  buildings, 
and  it  is  feared  imiwired  its  picture»(|iie 
effect. 


[Marcb, 


LITGRARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


Nf^  WitrkM  announced  for  I'ltlUcntion, 

Vols.  11.  utirl  in.  cif  State  PajHTS  of 
tbc  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  publi&bed  by 
tbe  liuynl  Commission. 

Tlie  CoTO'«|>oii(lciire  bptvveen  Goiigh 
ami  Ptttoti,  topelber  with  Iiicidcntitl  Let- 
ters  from  oilier  t'iniiieiit  Antitjiiaries. 
Kditvd,  with  illii«trutivc  rt-inurks,  by 
W.  U.  1).  D.  TL'HNiifLi,  Esq.  Advocate, 
F.S.S.A. 

I'nssion  Week:  A  Devotional  and 
Proftical  Uxpofition  of  the  Epistles  and 
GosiiL'ls  aifpointi'c]  fur  tlial  tie&sori.  By 
tbc  R'.-v.  K.  Meek,  Rector  of  Bri.Ytoit 
Deverill.  Wilts. 

A  OL'W  anil  ill>j<>trated  edition  of  Pope's 
Works,  edited  by  Ur»  Croly. 

Mora  nnd  I'LuTia ;  or,  Gcm«  of  Flow- 
ers and  Poetry;  culled  iind  arnuiged  by 
a  Lahy. 

Inditi,    its  State   and  Prospects.      Uy 

E.  TllOUNTON. 

IHriiic  EmUcms;  with  Cupper-plate 
niid  Epignim  to  eiti!h  emblem. 

A  Poet'*  Portfolio;  or  Minor  Poems, 
in  three  buokii.   Hy  James  Mo.vtgomebv. 

IlliistrationB  of  tbc  CompurRtivc  Ana- 
tomy of  the  Nervous  Systcnu  By  Mr. 
Swan. 

The  31a1  practices  of  Schoolmasters  and 
Schoolmistresses  exposed.  liy  the 
FATiTi:n  or  a  Familv. 

Proofs  of  Shakxpeurc's  Knowledge  of 
NatHroi  History,  Chemistry,  &c.    Hy  Mr. 

FlCNNtl.t.. 

A  t^oiirfie  of  Modern  History,  from  the 
French  of  Professor  Guizot.  Vol.  I. 

A  Chronulofricfll  Analysis  of  the  Bible, 
with  uti  Introduction  to  each  book,  &.c. 

An  Introduction  to  writiiig  Hebrew. 
By  the  Rev.  J.  Jones. 

The  llieitorical  Antifjuitics of  Greece; 
from  the  German  of  Wuch^mutL  By 
it.  Wood. 

The  History  of  Philosopliy,  from  the 
Gcmnm  of  lir,  H.  RjTTEti. 

Cbronolo^ral  Tables  of  Universal  His- 
tory, syiichrunistically  arrani^d. 

An  £;»say  on  the  Origin  and  Forma- 
tion of  the  Romancfi  Languagva.  ByG.  C. 

IjKWIS. 

Testimonies  of  tbc  Father*  of  tbc  first 
four  Centuries  to  the  Uoctrines  of  the 
Church  of  England,  as  expressed  in  the 
Thirtv-nine  Articles.     By  II.  Cahy. 

Biblical  Antiquities;  translated  from 
the  Oerman  of  J.  Jahn. 

Nala  and  Diin«^unti ;  translated  from 
tbc  oriinnal  Sanacnt  into  English  Metre, 
with  Notes.  By  th«  Rev.  U.  Miuian. 

Washington  lurtsc's  Tour  on  the 
Prairies,  over  the  bunting  giounds  of  the 
0«ga  and  Pawnee  Indians,  in  the  Far 
Wes^  on  the  bordcf*  of  Mrxiio. 


FEATHCasTONiiAUGH's  Excursjon  to 
the  extreme  Sontheni  and  Westeni  Stales 
of  North  America. 

Hase's  Po|Jiilur  Antiqnitiesof  Greece. 

A  Journid  of  a  Seven  Years'  R«si. 
dence  in  New  South  WhIcs.  By  Joiiv 
Wai.keh  Ouu,  Esq.  auihorof '  En^Luid,' 
a  poem. 

Transfusion.  By  the  late  W.  Gon- 
WIN,  jnn.;  with  Biographical  Introduction 
nnd  Notes,  by  W.  Godwi.s  and  Mn. 
Sheixey. 

The  Chart  and  Scale  of  Tnith;  being 
Lectarcrt  read  Ijefore  I  he  Cni  versify  of 
Oxford  on  Humpton's  fouitcJution,  By  the 
hue  Itev.  Edward  T.itham,  !>.£>.  Ri'c- 
ror  of  Linrohi  College:  a  new  edition, 
with  the  Author's  hist  Additions  aitd 
Corrections;  und  a  Sketch  of  his  Life. 

S_viui|j*ii»  of  the  Extinct  Baronetage  of 
EngJarid,  ttlpbabeiically  arranged,  and 
containing  the  date  of  creation  of  each 
title,  with  the  succession,  marnagcs  ^nd 
dates  of  death.  By  Wit.LUU  Cofa- 
TiiORi'K,  Esq.,  Editor  of  Debretfa  Peer- 
age. 

The  Doom  of  Giallo,  a  Neapolitan 
Tale.  By  Joun  Bo.i,di:>'.  Eeq  ,  who  l\as 
at  length  avowed  bim«etf  to  Ik-  the  Author 
of  a  former  work  ol  this  cltt.-**,  in  |8iK 
called  "  The  Man  of  Two  Live*;"  xn 
which  he  hmidlcd  with  great  iu<;enuity 
"  the  subject  of  the  MetempsychoMS.* 

Hebrew  Cheracten*  derived' from  Hie- 
rogU'phics.     By  Joh.n  Lamb,  D.  D. 

The  British  .Months,  a  Po«tn,  in  12 
Parts,  by  Riciiaau  Mant,  D.D^  Lord 
Bishop  of  Down  and  Connor. 

A  Charge,  delivered  to  the  CletKT  at 
Hants,  at  the  Visitation  in  September, 
18J4.  Hy  the  Re  v.  W.  Dealtrv,  Chan- 
cellor of  the  Diocese. 

In  a  Pocket  Volume,  A  Disconrte  oi» 
Death;  with  Applications  of  Christian 
Doctrine.     By  the  Rev.  H.  Sfkbding. 

The  Prophetic  Discourse  on  the  Mount 
of  Ohves  Historically  and  Criticallv  Illus- 
trated. By  a  Member  of  the  U.NivuarrY 
of  Cambridge. 

Inlidil  and  Deistieal  Writers;  lh«  Cha- 
racter and  Tcndancy  of  their  Principira 
and  Opinions  considered.  By  G.  Puar- 
PUN,  B.  D.,  Christian  Advocuu  in  th« 
University  of  Cambridge. 

Ma  HON  on  the  recent  Altccationa  ir» 
the  Poor  Laws. 

Key  to  German  Tr^sor, 

The  Sketch  Book  of  the  South. 


boyal  Boamr. 

Jum.  29.  W.  T.  Bninde,  mq.  V.  P. 

The  reading  was  commenced  of  a  ninth 
series  of  Mr.  Faraday's  *•  £]q>criniciit«l 
Roecarcbcs  in  Electricity." 


4 


^ 


1835.] 


Literary  Intdligcnce. 


Feb.  5.  Rev.  Dr.  Jennings,  V.P. 

Mr.  Fiirudiiy's  piijuT  wiis  i-uncUidcd. 
and  purt  read  oi  luiutlier,  entitled,  Cii'U' 
metiK^I  rc'seHri:ln's  conf*>rnLng  Terrestriid 
Magiit'tiMn,  by  T.  JS.  Jiavies,  vb^.  F.K.S. 

F>b.  U.   W.  T.  Braiule,  esfj.  V.P. 

Thf  c'ondusion  ot  Mr.  Davies's  jwper 
wns  read  tu  the  tiiuoting,  with  uuvtbcr, 
Oil  ri'i'tuiti  pi-culbritii'S  in  the  duutile  rv- 
Ina-noii  itud  ntjs<)r|>tii^it  ot  LighU  Lxbilvit* 
i>t)  ill  the  Oxulutc  of  Ctironiiuin  ucid 
Putush,  by  Sir  JJuvid  Uiewster. 

Feb.  19.  Sir  John  Ilennie,  V.P. 

Two  (mpern  were  read: — 1.  On  the 
prutiublv  laisitiori  ot  tLc  bouLli  Miignetic 
Pole,  by  Udw.  Rud^c,  esq. — i!.  An  ex- 
piTinieiUiil  inquiry  into  the  gruve  and 
iirud'  sounds  of  tht;  Humnn  Voice,  by 
John  iiiiihup,  esq. 

ttOYAL  SOCdJTV  OF  LtTEBATl'HE. 

JuH.  2].  A  jmper,  by  the  Rev.  G.  Tora- 
]inM)n,  was  read,  on  rtje  "  Early  Chrono- 
logy of  E^'ypt."  Jt  L-ontained  the  rettults 
tif  a  compurativi'  examinutJun  u(  sdric  of 
the  principal  fnignients  of  Egyptituit^liro. 
nulo^'y.  The  uxaniinalion  was  not  made 
upon  uny  preconceived  theory,  bnt  siciply 
by  foiupuring  the  li»tii  of  kings  given  by 
Muncthciitnc)  Bratosthc-iie^i  with  the  tablet 
of  Abydos;  the  middle  tine  of  that  tablet 
being  it;st«jred from  tbeehiitiibcrof  Karnuc. 
These  lists  were  armiiged  in  paruUe)  co- 
luniiis;  tho!!c  naiiK'b  which  are  generally 
«Uoived  to  be  identical  iii  each  were  placed 
opposite  to  each  other,  and  the  interven- 
ing iiatne^  and  Slices  were  attentively 
compared.  The  points  which  seem  to  be 
i-stiibiished  by  this  cxamiimtiun  arr,  I. 
That  there  were  not  more  than  five  con- 
seentive  dynasties  preceding  the  reign  of 
Oiiritt6«;n' the  First,  the  earliest  of  the 
ttfries  of  Pharaohs  whoso  ]>lace  i»  posi- 
tively nsscertiuncd.  "2.  That  the  kings  of 
the  tablet  of  Abydos  who  precede  Ahino*, 
namely,  the  Osirtutsen  fiimily,  are  identical 
with  those  of  thu  twelfth  <lynasty  of  Ma- 
nctho.  3.  That  the  three  lines  of  the 
tablet  of  Abydoi!,  in  its  entire  t<tate,  pro> 
bubly  eantained  the  whole  succession  of 
tbc  PharuoLti  anterior  to  llatn-es  the 
Great,  uecoiding  to  the  priests  of  Abydos. 

CEOLOOICAI.   SOCltTV. 

J  He,  17.  Mr.  Cunningham  *a  paper  on 
ihp  geology  of  New  South  ^Vales  was 
concluded ;  and  two  papers  were  also  read, 
entitled.  An  account  of  Land  Hud  Fresh- 
water shells,  found  a!>siH>ialed  with  the 
boiteflof  land  ijmtdrupcds  beneath  diluvial 
gravel,  at  Cruplh<im,  Wore,  by  U.  E. 
Strickland,  cmj.  F.iJ.S. :  and,  On  the 
bones  of  certain  animals  w  Inch  Imve  been 
recently  diTovered  in  the  t-aJoiieu-iiiag. 
iicaiaii  coiigluiucratu  ou  Durdhuiu  Down, 


near  13ristol,  by  the  ReT.  D.  Williauiih 
F.  G.  S. 

Jan.  7.    Read,    1.    On  the  una]ysi&  of 
water  procured  from  a  mineral   spring  in 
the   island  of   St.   Paul,  in    the   Indian 
Ocean  (lat.  Jtv>  46'  S.  long.  77»  53'  E.J, 
by  Cnpt.  Ford ;  2.    A  list  of  fossils  col- 
lected from  the  Bognor  rock,  and  from  the 
chalk  (tear  Felpham, by  Woodbine  Parish,       ^m 
esq.  F.G.S. ;  3-    On  an  alteration  in  the      ^H 
po.'^ition  of  the  columns  iu  the  temple  of      ^M 
Senipi&,  near  Naples,  by  Capt.  Basil  Hall, 
R.N.;  and   k    On  the  rhalk  and  tiint  of 
Yorkshire,  compared  with  the  chalk  and 
flint  of  the  southern  counties  of  England, 
by  Dr.  Mitchell,  F.G.S, 

Jan.lil.  Head,  Ou  an  outlying  bafliu 
of  bus  on  the  iMjrders  of  Salop  and 
Cheshire,  with  an  account  of  the  lower  ^M 
liii»  between  Gloucester  and  Worcester,  ^| 
by  R.  I.  Mnrchison,  escj.  V.  P.  G.S. ;  and 
anothef  paper  by  the  same  writer,  entitled, 
A  general  view  of  the  new  red  sandstone 
of  the  cuuntics  of  Salop,  StalFord,  Wor- 
cester, and  Gloucester;  being  an  attempt 
tu  subdivide  the  eaine  iuto  separate  for- 
niutions. 

Feb.  t.  A  third  paper  by  Mr.  Murchi- 
sou  WITS  read,  On  certain  coal  tracts  in 
Salop,  Worcestershire,  and  North  Glou- 
cestershire. 

BL'SBELL   I.VSnTUTION. 

A  course  of  Six  Lectures  on  Chemis- 
try by  John  Hemming,  Esq.  was  de- 
livered during  the  month  of  January; 
which  has  been  followed  by  other  courses, 
viz.  on  the  Philosophy  ul  History,  by 
Rowland  Rorid^  Esq  ;  ou  the  Plays  of 
Sbukspeure,  by  1  bom  as  Jiridgmaii,  Esq. 
on  Poetry  and  Elocution,  by  Edwin 
Atherstone,  Esq.;  and  on  the  Cotton 
Manufacture,  with  inaehiiiery  in  action, 
by  George  White,  Est^.  of  Glasgovs'. 

BKLGUAVK   INSTITUTION. 

The  following  is  the  series  of  Lec- 
tures aminged  tor  this  season;  Jan.  13, 
20;  R.  Addams,  Esq.  on  Acoustics. 
Jan.  27,  b'ch.  3 ;  W.  C  laylor,  E*q, 
A.M.  on  Oriental  Literature,  Feb.  10; 
W.  Higgiiis,  Esq.  F.tJ.S.  on  Geology. 
Feb.  17;  E.  Atoerstone,  Esq.  on  the 
Study  of  Elocution  from  Rooks.  Feb.>!5 
and  Miu'ch  4 ;  Rer.  Professor  Vaughan, 
on  the  General  History  of  Ancient 
Rome.  March  U  and  IS  ;  the  same 
oil  the  Literature  of  Ancient  Rome. 
Morch  24  and  31 ;  April  It  and  ai  ;  R. 
Mudie,  Eiq.  on  tbc  Philosophy  of  Nu- 
tiirul  History.  April  7  and  IM;  Pro-  ^ 
fessor  Rernays,  on  (reucral  Gmiumur.  ^| 
May  5  and  Pi;  l*r.  Hope,  F.R.S.  on  the 
Cirt'ulation  vi  the  Blood,  and  on  the 
healthy  and  morbid  pheuotueiui  connected 


J 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence 


with  it  May  19;  Mr.  Buckingham, 
M.P.  (siibjert  not  fixed).  May  2t!;  Dr. 
(jimiii,  on  the  Stnii'ture  of  the  Orgims 
of  Voice,  the  production  of  Vocal  Sounds, 
and  their  Modulation.  June  2  and  0; 
Rev.  H.  SCebbing,  P'.R.S.L.  on  the  In- 
fluence of  Metaphysics  on  the  Belles 
Lt'tlrcs.  June  HJ  mid  2'J;  I^t.  Thom- 
KOti,  F. L.S.  G.S.  on  Phyi^icol  Educatifni. 
June  .31 ;  Dr.  liirkbeck,  F.G.S.  &c.  on 
some  bmnch  of  Nntunil  Pbiiusophy. 

THK  SUftTEES  flCXJlETY. 

The  Couneil  of  the  Surtee*  Society 
(sen:  our  Magazine  for  August  la-^t,  p.  IDo), 
Las  deterinioed  that  the  Publications  of 
ibe  Sodety  fur  the  first  Year  should  be 
Jitfpvttldi  Monachi  Ihtiielmentit  flistorm, 
Mild  a  Volume  of  (<ucb  Selections  from 
nnpublished  Wills  iiiid  InvenluricN  of  all 
("lasses  of  Persons,  from  the  Eleventh 
Century  do\vnwards,  as  illostrute  ibe 
History,  M.inrier*,  and  Laiig;u8yc  of  their 
re?<ijeetive  periods.  The  present  nnriiber 
(jf  Members  of  this  Society  is  III;  and 
there  are  already  fourteen  candidates  for 
ndmi<isi(>i]  in  July  next,  all  of  them  men 
of  high  literary  clmractcr, 

WATER    DAnOMI^TEn. 

In  the  hall  of  the  Riij-al  Society  a 
Water  Baroraeler  Las  lately  been  erected, 
under  the  direction  of  FrofeSfor  Daiiiell. 
The  tube,  made  by  Messrs.  I'eUatt  and 
Co.  tit  the  Fiilcon  (ilass-workR,  Uliick* 
friars,  is  forty  feet  long,  and  one  inch  in 
diameter  at  it*  lower  end.  So  lu-citrrttely 
jaitconsinirted,  that  it  vane-ioiily  -^-lOtlis 
of  an  inch  thronghout  its  ivhole  length. 
The  Buroincter  is  tixed  in  a  sijuiire  case, 
with  supports  at  certain  intervals,  and 
ocrupies  the  centre  of  the  winding  stair- 
fase  conducting  to  the  apartments  of  t!»e 
Royal  Society.  The  tube  was  filled  with 
distilled  water,  by  inserting  its  lower  end 
into  a  smidl  copper  Iwilcr,  and  forcing  the 
Wiiter  upwauls  by  the  pressure  of  steam 
confined  within  the  boiler,  the  upper  end 
of  the  tube  being  left  open,  lo  u«rmit  the 
contained  air  to  escape.  The  U'ater 
Uurometer  is  a  more  sensitive  instrument, 
if  we  may  apply  to  it  such  a  term,  than 
that  in  common  iise.  Iji  windy  weather, 
the  column  of  w^ter  is  in  a  state  of  per. 
pecual  tluciiiation,  not  unlike  the  motion 
oei-asioncd  by  an  animal.  In  the  ^it^e  and 
fall  of  the  barometric  column,  it  has  been 
remarked,  that  the  changes  in  the  water- 
barometer  ]trecede  those  of  the  merouriiil 
barometer  full  an  hour  ;  whilst  very  con- 
siderable tliK-tiiations  in  the  pressure  of 
the  atmosphere  are  indicated  liy  the  for- 
mer iiitinimcnt,  winch  could  never  be 
detected  by  the  most  rigid  observajice  of 
the  latter. 

iiDVAL  ratNTiwc'orrict  or  ruANcK. 

The  Krcitcb  royal  priiitinK>o(£c«  lias  M 
vets  of  types  of  oiiiTitiil  ihanu-lcrs,  which 


comprise  all  the  known  alphabets  of  the 
Asiatic  nations,  unci  eat  as  weJI  as  modem, 
and  16  acts  of  the  alpbnliets  of  European 
countries,  where  the  Latin  characters  are 
not  used  as  with  us.  As  to  those  in  use 
by  us.  the  printing-office  has  Hi  complete 
sets  of  different  shapes  and  dimentiions. 
T)ie  total  weiijht  of  these  types  is  at  least 
37o,UOO  kilogTHmines  (about  Ri  tons  En- 
glish), and  as  the  types  fur  an  octavo  {kage 
weigh  about  3  kilogrammes  the  royal 
printing-office  has  wherewith  to  print 
7,815f  ftheetsHvo.,  ut  the  same  time  making 
about  2G0  volumes,  or  l25,iMM)  pages.  Its 
number  of  presses  would  allow  it  to  strike 
otf  278,000  sheets,  or  5.'/6  reams  of  paper, 
in  a  day,  which  is  ctjuul  to  l>,i?6<i  vol uraes 
Svo,,  of  .'jt)  sheets  ]»er  volume.  This  im- 
mense stot^k  enables  the  estabHshment  to 
keep  the  ]»rpKfte»  set  with  i^OOO/ormnla 
of  the  public  offices,  which  is  an  imaicn.se 
saving  of  time  and  expense,  'riieaiitmal 
consumption  of  paj>cr,  by  the  royal  print- 
ing presses,  is  from  H()  to  I IX)  tbuusaiHl 
reams,  or  261  to  32ti  reams  p**r  working 
day.  The  number  of  workmen  usually 
employed  is  nbout  350.  All  this  print- 
ing is  for  the  difTcrent  dcpurtments  of  the 
government. 

EAIILY    KOmONS   Of    SllAKSreAJlEt 

We  were  necessarily  brief  in  our  ex- 
tracts from  the  fourth  Catalogue  of  Mr. 
Heber's  Librury,  made  in  our  two  last 
numbers;  but  we  must  now  append  a 
list  of  the  early  editions  of  Shakspc^re's 
Ploys,  which  were  considered  lo  he  among 
the  greatest  curiosities  of  the  cullcciiun. 


I 


A  Midsomnier  Night's  Ureainc, 

IstedlL    ]()(» 
Second  edition,  ^rnie  year 
Mer<huntof  Venice,   1st  edit. 

mm       .... 

King  Lear,  1st  edit    1608 
Second  edition,    l(X)H 
Kiehard  II.  5d  edit  li08      - 
Second    Part    of    Henry   IV. 

I  At  edit.    ttXXt 
Henry  V.  M  edit.  160b 
Ifjunlet,   Kill 

01d<nisile,  Lord  Coblium,  WAU) 
The  London  Prodigal,   itiOo 
Taming   of  the    Shrew,    l.>[4v 

uiiitiue 


£.  *.    d. 


21 

10 

6 

7 

0 

0 

17 

17 

M 

22 

I 

u 

3 

0 

0 

1 

n 

6 

U 

It 

0 

5 

5 

0 

i 

H 

0 

(j 

0 

0 

6 

6 

0 

-     94    0    0 


OAlXiSIl  r.Ot.D  MEOAU. 

There  has  recently  beeu  discovered, 
near  \'aloncienne6,  a  golden  medal  of  tbtf 
ObuIs  It  Itears  on  one  wide  a  head  nith 
ruried  hiiir,  and  a  (ireek  Galba  without 
oniaments.  Uii  the  reverse  a|>pe*n  * 
Lorse,  between  a  star  and  a  wheel.  A 
man  on  lout  sUctches  out  one  hand  n*. 
wards  the  burM.*.  The  medul  Iuia  been 
purebascd  by  (be  muyor  of  \'a]encietiiM:s 
forllie  Museum  of  that  town. 


1835] 


303 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


ROCTKTY    OF    ANTIQUAUtES. 

Jm.  5il>.  \V.  11.  llumilton,  t-sq.  V.P. 
J.  P-  Collier,  esq.  F.S.A.  presented  a 
copy  of  •'  The  Marriage  of  the  Virgin,  a 
Miracle  Play"  (the  second  uf  his  series; 
life  J).  107),  now  first  printed  from  MS. 
Lotion.  W'^).  n.  viu.  This  is  the  most 
elianiftcristic  of  the  series  of  fortv-two 
Sc-rijiturul  Di-uraus  to  which  it  belongs^ 
supposed  to  have  lK>en  fornierly  repre- 
bented  itt  Coventry  and  at  Durhuni  ;  it  i« 
prubablv  uf  the  eiirly  part  of  the  reign  of 
Henry  Vl  I.,  and  an  aeconrit  of  its  con- 
tents will  1h>  found  in  Air.  t.'oUier's  His- 
tory  of  Draniatii:  Poetry  and  the  Stage, 
vol.ii.  ».  I3&. 

Sir  Thomas  Phillipps,  F.S.A.  com- 
munirated  three  iiieditcd  Saxon  char- 
Icrs,  belonging  to  the  abbey  of  Cirenccs- 
ter.  He  pointed  them  out  a.s  principally 
(Icservinp  of  utttntion,  from  stJioniiig  the 
change  of  language  hetweeu  the  reigii  of 
tfie  (.'Onfcii^or  and  that  of  William  the 
C;ont|ueror. 

Nicholas  Carlisle,  esq.  Secretary,  eom- 
■nunicated  some  docunients  from  the  pa- 
pers of  the  fafnil y  of  I  loliy,  viz. ;  J .  '1  he 
instnictions  for  Philip  Hohy,  esq.  Groom 
of  the  Privy  Chamber,  when  ^eut  on  u 
mi.ocionto  Sir  Thomas  W^atl,  ll)e  Ambas- 
fiudor  with  theEmj»eror,in  'M  Hen  VHI. 
to  treat  for  the  mniriaftc  of  the  Princess 
Mary;  2.  A  letter  from  Sir  Thomju* 
Wyatt  to  the  King  shortly  after  Mr. 
Hoby's  arrival ;  3.  a  note  of  the  Ambas- 
sador'!»  prweedings. 

Ftb.  b.   Henry  Hallum,  esq.  V.P. 
BenjumiD  Uliveira,  esq.  of  Great  Cum- 
berland-*trect,  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society. 

Edwunl  Stodart.  esq.  of  fiolden^quare, 
exhibited  a  very  beautiful  gold  torfjues, 
found  on  the  '^jth  January  luAt,  m  a 
loam-pit  at  Hoylon,  in  Sulfulk,  twelve 
feet  below  the  surface.  It  weighs  two 
oz.  four  dwt.,  and  was  probably  made  foe 
the  arm.  In  form  and  jiatfern  it  resera- 
blei  many  previously  Fuund ;  hut  itt  re- 
markable from  being  accompanied  by  ■ 
fimall  ring,  (also  of  gold,)  one  of  two 
which  were  with  it  when  found,  showing 
hovr  these  ornaments  were  fastened,  a 
point  hitherto  undetermined. 

A.  J.  Kemjie,  esq.  F.S.A.  exhibited  ■ 
•epulchnd  urtu  fractured  pieces  of  a  mc> 
tailic  mirror  of  elegant  workmanship,  the 
fnuroenta  of  a  glass  urn,  and  some  glastt 
litcnr>'matorieio,  in  the  sliape  of  a  tear; 
rcceii^tly  found  in  the  Dissenters'  burial- 
ground,  near  Hover  Road,  where  a  great 
number  of  simihir  un»  have  been  tuund 
in  digging  graves;   Mt    tbe  notice   of 


this  place  in  our  Magazine  for  January, 
ji.  8:?.  Mr.  Kemne  agrees  with  VVhit- 
&ker  in  thinking  that  tbe  Watling-fttreet, 
in  which  these  relies  were  discovered,  was 
originally  a  British  track-way,  formed  af- 
terwards hy  the  Romans  into  a  military 
stratum,  or  street.  He  is  of  opijiion  that 
the  BritohH  inhabiting  the  maritime  parts 
were  in  a  much  more  poliished  state,  as  to 
the  arts,  than  modern  writers  have  gene- 
rully  supposed,  and  that  the  form  of  their 
weapons,  coins,  personal  ornaments,  and 
ntensils,  partook  much  of  the  Greek 
style.  The  Caniii,  within  whose  limits 
the  iihovc  remains  were  fuund,  were  ori- 
gimtlly,  he  observed,  colonists  from  Bel- 
gic  Gaul  ;  and  the  Gauls  had  most  pro- 
bably themselves  a  Pclasgic  origin.  It 
was  the  custom  both  with  tJie  Britons 
and  {imils  to  de{iosit  with  the  remains  of 
the  dead  the  ornaments  and  weapons 
which  they  most  esteemed  in  life,  and  to 
fracture  them  at  the  time  of  their  being 
interred  wiih  the  body,  or  deposited  in 
the  fnneml  urn. 

Tbe  reading  of  the  diplomatic  papen*  of 
Sir  Thomas  Wyatt  was  then  continued. 

Feb.  12.  I'honias  Amyot,  esq.,  Trea- 
surer, in  the  chair. 

Sydney  Stnirke,  e«q.  F.S.A.  commn- 
nieuted  a  drawing  of  the  Bishop's  throne, 
in  the  church  of  the  Fmnciscran  convent 
at  Assisi,  in  Italy.  The  architecture  of 
that  church  is  noticed  by  Sir  Hetiry  En- 
glefield  in  the  15th  volume  of  the  Ar- 
cha-okigia,  and  ascribed  by  him  to  the  mid- 
dle of  tbe  13th  century.  The  throne  ia 
coeval  with  the  building,  hut  in  its  round 
columns  and  pedirnentul  canopy,  bas  much 
of  that  tiuciure  of  Roman  design,  which 
is  so  inherent  in  the  pointed  archilecluro 
of  Italy.  The  ebair  is  of  white  marble; 
and  in  the  form  of  its  back  resembles  the 
coronation  chair  (of  the  same  age)  in 
Westminster  Abbey,  a.*  well  as  in  the 
lionsoii  which  it  rests;  which  Air.  Sniirkc 
remarked  might  have  an  ulkmon  to  the 
throne  uf  Solomon,  as  described  in  holy 
writ.  On  tbe  bue  is  an  Arabic  inscrip- 
tion, not  deciphered;  and  Air.  Smirkc 
observed,  that  tbe  use  of  similar  jriscrip- 
tioiis  on  liiizes.j  was  the  probable  origin 
of  what  us  called  the  scribbled  onmraent. 

Ill  conclusion  uf  tlie  Huby  manuscripts, 
the  following  documents  were  then  read  ; 
4f,  a  paper  of  news,  engagements,  and 
obser\'utions,  set  down  by  the  ambassadors 
in  the  manner  of  memoranda ;  b.  a  me- 
morial for  Philip  Hoby,  written  by  Crom. 
well,  giving  his  instructions  for  a  mission 
to  the  Duke  of  Lomine,  to  propose  for  a 
bride  for  Uenry  VIll. ;  and  ^  du«KV^w>r 


304 


Antiquarian  Researcfies. 


[MmvIi, 


for  taking  tbe  pictures  of  the  Duke's  two 
daughters.     The  latter  were  the    most 
curious  portions  of  the  whole  docurnents; 
the   "pDysiognomy"  of  both   the  prin- 
cesses  were  to  be  taken  in  "  one  fau  ta- 
ble;" and  in  tbe  last  paper,  we  hear  of 
Hoby's  return  with  "  Hans  in  his  com- 
pany."     Tbe    flattering  portrait   whidi 
Holbein  took,  under  the  same  circum- 
stances, of  Anna  of  Cleves,  and  Henry's 
consequent  disappointment  on  seeing  the 
original,  are  well-known  circumstances. 
Feb.  19.  Mr.  Amyot  in  the  chair. 
W.  C.  Trevelyan,  esq.  communicated 
copies  of  several  original  letters  in  the 
possession  of  his  father,  Sir  John  Tre- 
vel)'an,  Bart. :   1,  a  letter  of  news  from 
Philip  Doddridge,  in  1625;  2,  one  from 
Thomas  Marquis  of    Dorset,    in  1530, 
chiefly  relating  to  Henry  the  Eighth's  ex- 
pedition  in  trance,  of  that  year;    3,  a 
memorial  of  Richard  Grey,  Lord  Powis, 
to  the  King,  for  the  payment  of  a  claim 
derived  from  his  father;  4,  a  very  curious 
manifesto  of  Captain  Richard  Swanley, 
the  naval  commander  appointed  by  the 
Parliament,  addressed  in   164S    to  tbe 
Knights  and  Gentry  of  the  County  of 
Pembroke,  most  remarkable  for  its  ve- 
faemence  against  tbe  papists ;  5,  a  noble 
reply  to  the  same,  disclaiming  the  impu- 
tation of  papistry,  and  repudiating  the 
"calumnies"  of  Swanley,  but  setting  him 
at  defiance;  and  6,  a  letter  of  Giles  Ap- 
thorp  to  Henry  eleventh  Earl  of  Devon, 
in  1513,  furnishing  a  very  particular  and 
curious  account  of  the  surrender  of  The- 
rouenne,  and  the  triumphant  reception  of 
Henry  VIII.,  attended  by  the  Emperor, 
in  that  city. 

Henry  Hallam,  esq.  V.P.  also  com- 
municated a  volume  of  original  MSS^ 
of  which  the  two  following  articles  were 
read :  1 .  a  characteristic  letter  of  King 
James  I.  in  the  first  year  of  his  reign, 
complaining  of  his  Parliament,  and  "  the 
pack  of  Puritans  that  overrules  the  Lower 
House ; "  2.  a  letter  of  the  Earl  of  Suffolk, 
about  the  same  period,  and  discussing  the 
politics  of  the  day  in  a  similar  strain. 
After  mentioning  his  own  opinion  and 
that  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  he  speaks  of 
«  the  petty  councillors,"  meaning  the  less 
influential  members  of  the  Privy  Council. 

ANCIENT  TOWNS,  &C.  IN  ASIA  MINOR. 

M.  Charles  Texier,  a  distinguished 
architect  and  scholar,  was  lately  employed 
by  tbe  French  Minister  of  the  Interior 
and  Public  Instruction,  at  the  request  of 
the  Academies  of  Inscriptions  and  Fine 
Arts  in  Paris,  to  explore  tbe  whole  of 
Asia  Minor,  with  re^rd  to  science,  his- 
tory, arts,  and  antiquities.  Leaving  Con- 
stantinople in  May  last,  he  sketched  the 
ruins,  and  copied  the  inscriptions  at  Nicea, 
10 


Nicomodia,  and  Prusa,  and  thence  ad- 
vanced into  the  interior.  The  andent 
town  of  Azani  forms  one  of  the  most  curi- 
ous discoveries  in  the  course  of  his  travels. 
A  large  Grecian  temple  exists  there, 
with  wings  (peript^e),  built  of  white 
marble,  and  in  the  finest  preservation. 
He  also  discovered  a  marble  theatre  of 
the  Doric  order,  of  which  the  benches, 
proscenium,  stage,  and  even  the  actofs* 
rooms,  are  in  the  highest  preservation. 
Its  walls  are  covered  with  Grecian  bas- 
reliefs,  in  admirable  style.  The  bridges, 
gymnasia,  and  basiliqucs,  are  all  of  white 
marble,  and  entire.  M.  Texier  has 
made  drawings  of  all  these  interesting 
remains,  and  has  collected  the  whole  of 
tbe  inscriptions,  in  Greek  and  Latin,  with 
which  they  are  covered.  He  has  been  so 
fortunate  as  to  ascertain  the  position  of 
Petrinuty  famed  for  its  worshipof  Cybele, 
and  the  town  near  the  quarries  of  marble, 
improperly  called  Stiunadkum  Marmor, 
for  Synnada  stands  on  volcanic  ground. 
In  these  quarries  he  still  found  immense 
columns,  hewn  out  of  that  white  and  violet 
marble  which  was  so  common  in  ancient 
Rome.  In  a  large  forest  near  this  spot 
be  also  discovered  tbe  uecropolh  of  the 
Phrygian  kings,  and  has  made  drawings 
of  the  two  most  remarkable  tombs,  which 
are  covered  with  Greek  and  Phrygian 
inscriptions. 

From  Ancyra  be  went  to  Gatatglk,  a 
Gallo- Greek  town,  full  of  curious  build- 
ings and  inscriptions ;  thence  to  Atnatia 
(Amitut)  where  Strabo  was  bom,  and  to 
Neo-  Cassarea,  the  capital  of  Cappadocia. 
On  this  line  of  road,  at  ten  leagues  dis- 
tance from  the  Halys,  he  made  disco- 
veries, which  be  thus  mentions  in  one  of 
his  letters :  "  I  have  found  a  town  of  the 
greatest  importance  on  the  frontiers  of 
Galatia.  Fancy  more  than  3000  roods 
(carrit)  of  ground  covered  with  Cyclo- 
pean remains,  in  fine  preservation.  Ci- 
tadels, palaces,  fortifications  with  the 
gates  adorned  with  lions'-heads,  and  a 
glacu  like  those  of  our  fortresses,  with 
an  inclination  of  35  degrees,  and  sloping 
ten  or  twelve  metres — on  immense  tem- 
ple, of  admirable  construction,  surrounded 
with  cells  or  chambers,  six  or  seven  me- 
tres long,  yet  divided  from  one  another 
by  a  single  stone.  I  should  have  thought, 
from  the  way  in  which  it  is  laid  out, 
with  these  ceUs,  that  I  was  beholding  the 
temple  of  Jupiter  and  the  town  of  Tavia, 
if  geographers  had  not  agreed  in  assign- 
ing that  place  to  the  banks  of  tbe  Halys. 
According  to  Strabo,  its  temple  served  as 
an  asylum.  All  this,  however,  must  be 
discussed  hereafter.  I  have  made  a  map 
of  the  surrounding  country,  and  taken  de- 
tailed phuis  of  all  the  buildings.  But  this 
is  nothing  in  comparison  of  what  is  to  be 


seen  in  the  tidjttcfirt  tnuiiiitains,  where 
there  isacirck  ortiiiturBlrocka,  smoothed 
I  by  art,  and  covered  with  M-iiJptiire  of  the 
^•Pen»ttin  age,  prior  u>  the  time  of  Hero. 

")tll8. 

POMPEII. 

The  exca^'adotis  at  Pompeii  have  agnin 

froduccdvcry  important  discoveries.     In 

Ike  hou.<ie  called  that  of  AriMdne,  a  itm^- 

finficent  sacrarium  has  bt-en  found.      The 

[lurbe  lor  the  imugtr  of  the  tutckiy  divi' 

(jry  is  at  the  back.      On  the  siiles  are 

tiiicin^  ol  H  Leda  and  a  priesttas,  who 

in  the  act  of  offcnng a  sacritice,  assisted 

a  i^rl,  wbo  has  the  lacred  utenaila  in 

tlwr  bands. 

In  the  house  called  thai  of  Dasdalus, 
be  walls  of  a  garden  have  been  di!>co> 
^red,  covered  with  iim^nitic«nt  lttnd> 
tpcs.  The  first  gives  the  prospect  of 
temple — which  is  extremely  interesting 
I  account  of  itt  details,  and  which  aeema 
be  dedic&led  to  Apollo,  wUofte  &tatue 
atands  near  tbe  entrance.  On  one  side  is 
a  pond  in  svbich  many  wild  dvicks  are 
Bwimming;  ajid  on  the  other  a  river  in 
n-hich  are  seen  some  cows.     The  second 

» landscape  is  a  delicious  marine  view  in 
Sidly:  Polyphemus  is  on  tlie  shore; 
Galatea,  iseated  on  a  dolphin  in  the  midst 
of  (he  waves,  teems  to  be  listening  to 
tbe  kinging  of  the  Cyclops. 
A  combat  ofwildbcuitta  in  an  amphi- 
theatre is  painted  in  krge  dimen.sions. 
A  majestic  bull  is  running  from  a  lion 
which  pursues  him  ;  but  a  tiger,  more 
swift,  has  already  seized  bim  under  the 
belly.  Meantime  a  courageous  bfttiariut 
strikes  with  his  lance  a  wild  lioor  u|H)n 
the  anout.  from  which  the  blood  spouts 
up.  A  little  further  off,  u  fecund  hiintij. 
man  has  laid  at  bis  feet  n  bear,  in  whose 
body  a  spear  remaini^.  while  another  bear 
is  Ayine  in  terror.  T«  o  stags  are  stand- 
ing still,  as  irconteraplatiiig  tbe  dc.>»truc- 
tion  of  their  enemies.  The  compart- 
ments belucen  the  landnciipe  and  the 
bunting-piece  are  I'llU'd  xvilh  trgurcn  of 
helmets,  drums,,  and  two  small  palms. 
The  top  of  tbe  wall  is  finished  with  some 
cornices  of  atueco,  of  elegant  vvorkman- 
■hip,  and  painted  with  various  colours, 
jiroducing  an  excellent  effect. 


I 


a 


AwnsNTcKMtTEav  rorND  at  pekton, 

].N    HKin'FOHOHhllAE. 

On  the  side  of  u  gentle  slope,  not  far 
distant  from  the  vilUgeof  Herton,  situate 
•bout  3  iniJes  nortli-west  from  Hitchin, 
some  labourers  employed  in  spadehus- 
bandry  recently  turned  up  portions  of 
human  bones,  but  in  a  wry  broken  state. 
Others  were  produced,  Mhich,  exciting 
notice^  caiueda  more  careful  examintition, 
until,  more  or  less,  30  skeletons  were  dis- 
covered, lyingin  two  nearly  parallel  rows, 

GcNT.  Mai;.   Vol.,  111. 


flliout  five  jiirds  aprirt.  In  one  of  these, 
contiiining  about  one-thiid  of  the  nuniher, 
they  Appear  to  bitve  been  carefully  depo- 
sited  with  the  head  to  the  north-east.^  at 
about  one  yurd  und  a  half  u[wrt,  and  laid 
singly.  In  the  other  there  were  two, 
three,  or  four  together  iit  each  grave,  e«* 
deutly  placed  ivith  much  less  care,  having 
been  apparently  thrown  in.  Some  pains 
having  been  taken  to  eKnmine  one.,  ic  was 
a.«ccrtained  to  be  wittsout  the  head,  and  m 
very  pertect  skull  tying  between  the  bones 
of  the  legs:  to  whot  depth  these  deposits 
existed  was  not  ascertained,  the  searcli 
not  having  lieen  prose<Mited;  hut  it  is  pro- 
bable, from  the  irregtilur  way  in  which 
they  were  carelessly  thrown  into  pits  or 
graces,  dug  in  a  soil  of  a  light  and  chalky 
chanicttr,  they  were  curried  deeper  than 
two  feet,  ver)'  little  beyond  which  has  the 
present  research  gone.  The  number  of 
skeletons  found  may,  therefore,  form  but 
H  .^imall  part  of  the  whole  :  this,  however, 
is  mere  conjecture. 

It  is  somewhat  remarkable  they  should 
not  have  been  discovered  at  an  earlier 
period,  considering  how  very  near  the 
surface  they  were  deposited,  one  not  being 
deeper  than  eight  inches. 

The  spot  where  thi-Hdiscovcry  has  taken 
place,  bcHrsthe  name  of  Daiies-lield,  and 
these  relics  were  instantly  attributed  to 
the  results  of  Eumc  contest  between  our 
ancestors  and  the  Danes;  but  tbere  ap- 
pears to  rne  some  reason  to  doubt  this 
positiuii,  from  the  great  quantity  of  pot- 
tery found  in  the  form  of  urns,  contain- 
iDg  mhen  and  portions  of  calcined  bone. 
In  some  iiiRtances  urns  were  found  under 
the  head,  in  others  above;  but  so  fragile 
were  they,  and  the  holies  likewise,  it  was 
diflicult  to  come  to  any  concUisioiv  about 
them.  By  scraping  away  the  earth  care- 
lully  with  knives,  we  succeeded  in  laying 
several  of  the  skeletons  quite  Imre,  with 
the  skull  whole  and  perfect;  but  even 
then,  the  least  attempt  to  move  any  part 
occasioned  it  to  fall  to  pieces,  with  the 
exception  of  the  thigh  bones  and  the  piel- 
vis,  which  might  be  procured  tolembly 
perfect.  Jn  no  instance  could  a  skull  be 
extricated ;  as,  however  perfect  they  ap- 
peared, the  slightest  movement  caused 
them  to  drop  into  many  pieces. 

Tbe  tckiiiel  way,  through  Dutistnble 
and  Koypton,  piis*es,  within  half  a  mile 
of  this  spot,  and  tbe  neighbouring  hills  at 
the  «ame  distance,  extending  through  tbe 
Midland  counties,  are  crowned  with  a 
mniiber  of  interesting  vestige.<i  of  Koman 
fortificaiitms,  one  of  which  t.amden  no- 
tices as  follows  (it  is  somewhat  more  tbui 
two  miles  from  the  spot  in  (question t  : — 
"  Not  far  from  hence  ii  Oftley,  so  called 
from  King  Offa,  who  frequently  resided, 
and  at  Inst  died  here ;  and  Hexton,  nt^' 
2   K 


M 


I 


306  Lhes  intended  to  be  prefixed  to  a  Work  m  Englisk  AntiqwUiee.  [M  arch, 

the  Milittry  Way,  where,  on  a  high  hill.         In  digging  lately  at  KertA,  in  order  to 

U  an  oval  camp  of  great  strength  and  an-  make  a  new  pavement,  a  coffin  was  £■• 

dent  works;  and  near  it,  on  the  top  of  covered  of  rather  an  ordinary  deacriptkn, 

another  hill,  is  a  hillock,  such  as  the  Ro-  made  of  freestone,  abmit  two  areniines 

mans  were  wont  to  rear  for  soldiers  slain,  long,  one  wide,  and  one  thick.     On  ope&> 

wherein  many  bones  have  been  found.  A  ing  the  coffin,  a  superb  black  urn  was 

parcel  of  land  near  the  aforesaid  camp  is  found,  of  the  Etruscan  form,  and  of  luve 

culled  Dane  Furlong  to  this  duy."  dimensions,  ornamented  with  baa-rdim, 

Now  there  is  a  hillock  of  the  above  de-  and  gilt  in  some  parts.    It  waa  placed  at 

scription  on  the  top  of  a  hill  not  above  a  the  feet  of  the  corpse^  upon  whose  head 

quarter  of  a  mile  from  where  the  remains  was  a  golden  laurel  crown,  beautifaUy 

were  found ;  and  the  whole  country  being  ezecutfd,and  weighing  tbirty-aixMlpfiiJlJbh 

studded  with  Roman  works,  shewing  how  or  about  thirteen  ouncea  of  the  purett. 

much  those  people  frequented  these  psrta,  gold      Near  to  one  of  the  •hoalden  a 

coupled  with  the  circumstance  of  so  many  round  piece  of  gold  was  foand,  bearing 

urns  containing  ashes  being  found,  favours  some  resemblance  to  a  medal,  luinog  on 

the  opinion  that  they  belong  rather  to  a  one  side  the  figure  of  a  woman  in  relief, 

Koman  thaiia  Danish  period  of  our  history,  and  on  the  other  that  of  Meirury  dothed 

In  the  extract  given  from  Camden,  he  as  a  shepherd.     There  were  also  in  the 

states  King  Offa  to  have  died  and  been  tomb  a  rtrigU  of  iron,  and  another  otjeet 

buried   at   Offley.    But  Fuller,    in    his  of  the  same  metal  surrounded  by  capfa 

Church  History,  states  he  was  buried  at  rings.     Upon  the  coffin-lid  there  wa*  a 

Bedford,  and  that  his  body  was  afterwards  common  urn  of  potter's  cUy,  full  of  the 

sweptawayby  theoverflowing^oif  the  river,  bones  of  birds,  which  had  probably  been 

Gotmore.  J.  C.  sacrificed  to  the  manes  of  the  deceased. 


LINKS    INTBNDBD  TO    BE   PBBFIXBD  TO   A    WORK    ON    ENGLISH    aimQUITIBS. 

•Che  8*  ingegna 


Con  questi  van  pensieri 

Fare  il  suo  tristo  tempo  piu  suave. 

Dbbm  not  with  idle  or  inglorious  aim 

That  I  these  few  wild  flowers,  that  whilom  grew 

Neglected,  by  rode  cliff,  or  beaten  shore 

Blooming  unseen,  have  gathered. — It  has  been 

A  gentle  task,  and  memory  calls  to  mind 

How  light  as  summer-labour  was  the  toil 

That  fell  not  undivided  : — I  had  wove 

Another  song  of  triumph  and  of  thanks. 

Sacred  to  other  names, — the  nnfinish'd  web 

E'en  now  hath  fallen  from  me  ;  later  shades 

Came  onward,  darkening  as  they  mov'd,  yet  then. 

In  solitude  and  sorrow,  and  amid 

The  disenchanted  day  that  now  had  lost 

Its  lustre,  it  still  cheered  me  to  prolong 

The  unfinish'd  task,  in  happier  hours  began. 

And  thus  by  morning  light,  or  midnight  chime. 

Beguiling  the  brief  moments,  'mid  the  shade 

Of  these  sequestered  vales,  I  wandered  on. 

Culling  from  hoar  antiquity  its  stores 

Of  grey  and  gather'd  wisdom.     So  the  love 

Of  that  dear  Nation  moved  me  to  pursue 

Time's  footsteps,  through  her  long  and  ancient  fame. 

And  mark  the  venerable  form  of  years. 

Shadowing  her  elder  glorj'. — ^The  low  roof. 

The  low  plain  roof  that  shields  the  peasant's  cot. 

Was  dear  to  me ;  my  teachers  were  the  woods 

And  pastoral  vales,  sheep-cote,  and  farm,  and  fold, 

And  sheltering  cove,  and  sun-iUumined  meer. 

And  grey  frith  glittering  to  the  distant  main. 


1835.3   ^t'W  intended  to  be  prefixed  to  a  Work  on  English  Antiquities.    307 

I  heard  the  shepherd's  pipe  apon  the  hills. 

Its  ancient  echoes  did  the  forest  wake 

As  fresh  as  when  the  Danish  trumpet  shook 

Its  scatter'd  foliage,  or  the  herdsman's  horn 

Far  down  the  concave  of  the  rocky  vales 

Pour'd  out  its  startling  sound.— The  daisied  croilt 

Where  clustering  round  the  Cross  the  village  rose. 

And  sunny  tilth — rich  flocks  that  trampling  fed 

The  showery  leas,  the  wharf,  and  stream-turned  mill. 

The  gleams  of  golden  fruitage,  and  the  grain 

Which  o'er  her  ruddy  fallows  Ceres  spread 

With  liberal  hand ;— they  spake  of  other  days. 

When  beneath  warmer  suns  and  richer  skies. 

The  vine-embowered  grange  to  Autnmn  gave 

Its  purple  clusters,  and  the  foaming  vat 

Prodaim'd  the  gladness  of  the  Saxon  land. 

Oh !  sweet  secluded  Isle  !  how  pleas'd  I  turn 

To  gaze  upon  thee,  as  to  Fancy's  eye 

Amid  thy  beechen  holts,  and  orchard-bloum 

Beheld,  thou  risest ;  when  each  evening-thorp 

And  homestall  humming  with  life's  cheerful  sounds 

Pour'd  out  its  sinewy  multitudes  to  share 

Their  rural  pastime,  e'er  the  Norman  hoof 

Had  left  a  foot- print  on  thy  velvet  turf. 

Or  soil'd  the  slenderest  flower  that  deck'd  thy  vales  I 

God  hath  been  ever  with  thee : — ^thoa  of  Him 
Wert  not  unmindful ;  not  a  hamlet  spread 
Amid  the  forest's  massive  foliage  screen'd. 
Or  nestling  like  the  dovecote  half  unseen 
In  the  warm  bosom  of  the  sheltered  vale. 
But  heaven- ward  there  the  silent  spire  arose ; 
And  duly  from  the  cunvent-tower,  along 
Each  grassy  holm,  and  shadowy  coomb  were  heard. 
The  sounds  that  spake  the  Sabbath,  floating  by. 
I  to  my  sludious  musings. — From  the  loom. 
And  rural  hearth, — the  woodman's  nest,— or  where 
In  the  deep  shaw  the  Raven  builds  her  home. 
From  those  sweet  glades  with  oaken  garlands  hung> 
Where  the  green  Loriots'  wing  from  bough  to  bough 
Quick  glances  through  the  sunny  hours  of  noon ; 
From  what  the  wild  autumnal  heath  can  bring 
With  gleam  of  moving  antlers,  early  seen 
Through  morning  mist,  or  more  remote,  the  sound 
Of  the  lone  ploughshare  in  the  reeking  vale  ; 
Hiving  my  gather'd  treasures,  home  return 
Content  at  eve,  whose  meek  and  pensive  star 
Lights  my  lone  porch ;  how  grateful  too,  to  Him 
Who  far  from  life's  vain  toils  and  worldly  strife. 
The  fever  and  the  tempest  of  the  soul, 
Hath  given  me  in  calm  leisure  here  to  lead 
The  silent  hours,  with  nature  by  my  side. 
Not  friendless,  though  of  many  friends  bereft, . 
And  musing  much  of  sorrow,  as  befits 
One  who  through  mortal  toils  hath  wandered  long : 
Now  satiate  of  bis  journey,  calmly  waits 
The  evening  shades  descending,  that  as  soft 
And  gentle  as  the  thoughts  of  childhood  breathe. 
Life's  penitential  hours  be  clos'd  in  peace. 
-U.  J.  M. 


308 


[Maidi. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  PARLIAMENT. 


HoDBB  OF  Lords. 
Feb.  19.  This  being  the  day  appointed 
for  the  meeting  of  the  New  Parluunent, 
a  more  than  usual  interest  was  excited, 
owing,  independently  of  other  important 
circumstances,  to  the  anticipated  contest 
in  the  election  of  the  Speaker,  which  bad 
become  a  decided  party  question.  At 
two  o'clock  the  Lord  Chancellor  took  his 
seat  on  the  woolsack ;  and  a  deputation  of 
the  Commons,  headed  by  Mr.  Ley,  chief 
clerk  of  the  Commons,  haviiw  appeared 
at  the  bar,  his  Lordship  stated,  that  the 
gentlemen  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
previous  to  being  sworn,  would  proceed 
to  the  election  of  a  Speaker,  who  should 
be  presented  at  their  Lordships'  bar  the 
following  day  at  twelve  o'dodc,  for  bis 
Majesty's  approbation.  After  tbe  Com- 
mons hnd  withdrawn,  the  swearing  in  of 
their  Lordships  commenced. 

In  the  Commons,  The  House  fortb> 
M-ith  proceeded  to  the  question  of  the 
Speakership.  Lord  F.  Egerton  nM  to  mo- 
pose  the  appointment  of  Sir  C.  M.  Sut< 
ton  as  Speaker.  On  the  grounds  of  fit- 
ness and  experienced  ability,  he  founded 
his  hope  that  the  motion  which  he  pro- 
posed would  meet  mth  the  support  of  a 
majority  of  that  House. — Sir  C.  M.  Bur- 
rell  seconded  the  nomination  — Mr.  Deni- 
ton  rose  to  propose  another  gentleman  for 
the  chair,  the  Right  Hon.  James  Aber- 
cromby.  He  did  so  with  reluctance,  and 
from  nothing  but  an  imperious  sense  of 
public  duty.  '  In  his  opinion,  it  was  Oie 
duty  of  that  House  to  place  in  their  chair 
a  member  assimilated  in  principle  and  opi- 
nionswiththemajoribrof the  House.  With 
respect  to  another  House  there  might  be 
some  collision,  perhaps,  and  it  would,  in 
such  a  case,  be  of  the  highest  importance 
to  have  at  their  head  an  individual  at- 
tached to  the  principles  of  the  Reform 
Bill.  The  Hon.  Gentleman  then  pro- 
ceeded to  detail  the  high  qualifications  be 
saw  in  Mr.  Aberrromby,  and  to  call  on 
all  members  of  the  House,  who  were  re* 
formers  in  reality,  to  vote  for  that  gen- 
tleman.— Mr.  Ord  seconded  the  nomina- 
tion.—Sir  C.  At.  Sutton  then  rose,  and  in 
a  speech  of  some  length  refuted  tbe 
charges  tha^  had  been  urged  aptinst  him, 
of  politirally  interfering  with  the  forma- 
tion of  the  present  Ministry,  or  udrising 


tbe  dissolution  of  tbe  late  Parliament.-^ 
Mr.  Ahercnmby  stated,  Uuit  be  had  yidd- 
ed  to  the  suggestions  of  his  friendsb  and 
not  by  any  desire  of  bis  own,  in  standing 
forwvd  as  a  candidate  for  the  high  office 
of  Speaker  of  that  House.  He  did  not 
think  it  necessary  long  to  trouble  tbe 
House,  as  he  was  firmly  convinced  its  de- 
cision would  be  such  as  would  give  weight 
and  dignity  to  itself,  and  ensure  all  it* 
rights  and  privileges.— 'Lord  SUmky  sup- 
ported the  re-election  of  Sir  C.  M.StUttm^ 
and  Lord  John  RutMcU  warmly  opposed 
it — Sir  It.  Peel,  in  an  eloquent  speedi, 
warmly  eulogized  the  Inte  Speaker.  He 
said — there  are  two  candidates,  one  who 
has  served  the  office  eighteen  years,  durinc 
seven  Parliaments,  and  who  declined 
office  on  the  ground  that  he  thought 
it  would  have  a  tendency  to  lower  tbe 
authority  of  the  Chair.  The  other  can- 
didate was  a  member  of  tbe  late  Govern- 
ment,  of  whom  he  would  not  utter  one 
word  of  disrespect,  but  of  whose  impar- 
tiality they  had  no  opportunity  to  judge  in 
this  House.  There  could,  then,  be  no 
doubt  of  the  preference  they  ought  to 

S've;  and  he  should  resist  the  motion  of 
r.  Denison  on  individual  and  personal 
grounds. — After  some  further  observa- 
tions, a  division  took  place,  when  there 
appeared  —  for  Mr.  Abercromby,  316; 
for  Sir  C  M.  Sutton,  306:  M^ority 
in  favour  of  Mr.  Abercromby,  10. 

The  following  day  the  two  Houses 
were  occupied  with  the  swearing  in  of 
members,  and  other  preliminary  business. 


Fsb.  24*.  This  day  his  Majesty  for- 
mally  opened  the  New  Parliament,  with 
the  following  most  gracious  Speech : — 

**  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen, 

*•  I  avail  myself  of  the  earliest  oppor- 
tunity of  meeting  you  in  Parliament, 
after  having  recurred  to  the  sense  of  my 
people.  You  will,  I  am  confident,  fully 
participate  in  the  regret  which  I  feel  at 
the  destruction,  by  Hccidental  fire,  of  that 
part  of  the  ancient  Palace  of  Westminster, 
which  has  been  long  appropriated  to  the 
use  of  the  two  Housct)  of  Parliament. — 
Upon  the  occurrence  of  this  calamity  I 
gave  immediate  directions  that  the  best 
provision  of  which  the  circunistaiices  of 


1R35.] 


Proceedingt  m  Parliamtnt . 


309 


ol 

^Vtfa 


(be  rase  wuiild  admits  bliuuld  lie  made  for 
your  prcneiil  mpt^tinsi  ufid  it  H-ill  Le  my 
wisliii)iiilo|tt  swh  p|uiisfi>ryour|K'rniani*nt 
n  comttiur!«iiun,»?  simll  bLMU-eim'd.onyour 
joint  i'oii>i(leration,  to  be  the  most  fitting 
and  roiivenieut.  1  wilJ  givf  directions 
that  ihorc  be  kid  before  you  tlie  report 
tiMde  lo  lot'  by  tbe  Privy  ( -ouru-il,  in  re- 
ference to  the  oriffiii  ut  tbu  iire,  iind  the 
evidence  upon  wbieti  tlwt  report  vna 
fuuiidnl 

"  Tlie  asf<iirancfs  wlijch  I  reftive  from 
my  Allies',  HTid  (^enemlly  from  all  Foreign 
Priiiri-ii  Hiid  States,  ot  their  earnest  de- 
sire ti>  euttivatc  the  relations  of  amity, 
and  tu  mitintttin  withnietbe  moct  friendly 
iiiiderstaridiiig,  jiiNtilVt  on  my  p«rt,  the 
confident  expot'ttitioti  of  the  coininuani'e 
of  the  blrasin);s  of  peure.  The  single 
exception  to  the  getier.il  trainpiiUity  of 
Europe,  is  the  civil  contest  m  hieh  utiJI 
prcvuilA  in  t.ome  of  the  northern  provitieea 
of  ispuin.  1  will  frive  ('.irectiou^  thHt 
there  he  hiid  hetuie  yuii  iirtirl« s  Hhich  1 
bsve  eoneliided  witli  my  i\llips  the  Kinp 
of  the  l-'rench,  the  ym-en  KegetJt  of 
SpuJn,  itiid  the  Queen  ut  PortuprI,  whirh 
■re  supplementiiry  to  the  treaty  of  April, 
Jb34,  and  are  intended  to  facilitiite  the 
complete  uttjiinmpnt  of   the  objects  con- 

mplated  by  that  treaty.  I  hnve  to  refieat 
the  expression  ol  my  regret  that  the  reln- 
tjoikfi  between  Hollund  und  Belgium  still 
remain  uniiettled. 

f  •*  Centkmm  of  the  Houh  of  Common*^ 

I  have  directed  the  eatimates  for  the 
enftuing  year  to  be  preparfrl,  und  to  Ite 
^laid  before  you  withont  dehiy.  They 
have  been  framed  with  the  strictest  at- 
tention  to  economy,  and  1  hnve  the  «wtis. 
faction  of  acquainting  you,  that  the  total 
fftmuunt  of  the  demands  for  the  public 
i»ervu-e,  will  be  lesion  the  present  than  it 
'ltn<>  iitvn  on  any  turmer  oceasion  within 
lour  recent  experience.  The  sati^fHitory 
Stale  of  the  trade  and  cummeree  ut  tbe 
.country,  and  ot  the  public  revenue,  fully 
[juiititieti  the  exiiectatiuti  thut,  tiutuitb. 
I  standing  (he  reductionn  in  taxatinn  which 
V'ere  mjide  in  the  last  session,  and  which, 
'Miien  they  shall  have  taken  fuU  tffwt, 
i  will  tend  tn  diminish  the  existing  suTplun 
ot  the  publii- revenue,  there  will  reniRin  a 
BufBcient  tialarice  to  meet  the  additiortal 
fttiiiual  charge  which  willari»e  from  provid- 
ing the  eumpeiiMttoi)  granted  by  Parlia- 
nieut  on  account  ot  the  abolition  of  slavery 
throughout  the  lirittHh  duminiunic. 

J  deeply  lament  that  the  aKfirultural 

intereat  continues  in  a  state  <ff  great  de- 

l>re«Binn.     I   n  commend  to  your   eonsi- 

lion  >v}H;tber  it   may  nol  be  in   your 

m«r,  alter  providmg  ioi  the  cxiucncio« 


of  the  public  service,  and  consiatently 
^ntb  the  stedfast  maiutcikaiice  ot  the  pub- 
lic credit,  to  deviae  a  method  for  miti> 
gating  the  pressure  of  those  local  charges 
which  bear  heavily  on  the  owners  and 
oiX'upier«  of  land,  and  tor  distributing  the 
burden  of  them  more  eijunUy  over  other 
descriptions  of  property. 

"  My  /jtrd$  and  GcHtkmen, 

•'  The  information  received  from  the 
Governors  of  my  Colonies,  logerher  with 
the  aeti)  paf^sed  in  extcution  of  the  taw 
for  the  Alwlition  of  Slavery,  will  be  com- 
municated to  you.  It  \*  with  much  aatis. 
faction  that  I  have  observed  the  general 
concurrence  of  the  Ckjloniwl  Le^siulures 
in  giving  effect  to  this  important  mea- 
sure; and  notwithfitanding  the  diihcul- 
ties  with  which  the  subject  iis  necessarily 
attended,  1  have  »een  no  reason  to  abate 
my  cRriiest  hopes  of  a  favourable  isssue. 
L'nder  all  eircunistances,  you  may  be  as- 
sured  of  my  anxious  desire,  and  tinceusing 
etforl*,  fully  to  realise  the  benevolent  in- 
tentions of  Psrliament. 

•'  There  are  many  important  eubject-s 
«ome  of  which  have  already  undergone 
partial  discussion  in  Parliamet;t;  the  ad- 
justment of  which,  at  as  early  a  period  an 
is  consistent  with  the  mature  considera- 
tion  of  them,  would  be  of  great  advantage 
to  the  public  interest  Among  the  firgt, 
in  point  of  urgency,  is  the  state  of  the 
Tithe  Question  ill  Ireland,  and  the  means 
of  cITcriitig  an  eijuilulde  and  hnal  adjust- 
ment of  iL  Measuren  will  be  proposed 
fur  your  consideration,  which  will  have 
for  their  respective  objects  to  promote  the 
< 'ummuution  of  Tithe  in  England  and 
Wales — to  improve  our  civil  jtirisprii- 
dencp,  and  the  administration  of  justice  itt 
tcdesia'tieul  cuuses — to  make  provision 
for  the  more  effectual  mointeiinnc  of  ec- 
clesiastical discipline,  and  to  relieve  those 
who  diswnt  Ironi  the  diK-trines  or  disci- 
pline of  the  t'hurch  from  the  necessity  of 
celebrating  the  ceremony  of  marriage  ac- 
cording to  its  rites. 

"  1  have  not  yet  received  the  Report 
from  the  Commissioners  apftointed  to 
inquire  into  the  state  of  Municipal  Cor- 
p<>rationft.  hut  I  have  reason  to  believe 
that  it  will  be  made,  and  that  I  shall  be 
eiMbled  to  communicate  it  to  you  at  an 
early  period. 

'*  I  have  appointed  a  Commission  for 
considering  the  slate  of  the  several  Dio- 
ceses in  England  and  Wales,  with  refer- 
ence to  the  amount  of  their  revenues,  and 
tu  the  more  equal  distriburiuii  of  the 
Episcopal  duties — the  state  of  the  severs! 
Calhediiil  and  Collegiate  Churches,  with 
a  vicM  to  the  Migseslion  ofnueh  measures 


I 

I 


310  Foreign  News. 

as  may  render  tbem  moat  conducive  to  the 
efficiency  of  the  Established  Church,  and 
for  devising  the  best  mode  of  providing 
for  the  cure  of  souls,  with  reference  to  the 
residence  of  the  clergy  on  their  respective 
benefices.  The  especial  object  which  I 
have  in  view,  in  the  appointment  of  this 
Commission,  is  to  extend  more  widely 
the  means  of  religious  worship  according 
to  the  doctrines  of  the  Established 
Church,  and  to  confirm  its  hold  upon  the 
veneration  and  affections  of  my  people.  I 
feel  it  also  incumbent  upon  me  to  call 
your  earnest  attention  to  the  condition 
of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  to  the 
means  by  which  it  may  be  enabled  to  in- 
crease  the  opportunities  of  religious  wor- 
ship for  the  poorer  cku*fi  of  toociety  in 
that  part  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

•*  It  has  been  my  duty,  on  this  occa- 
sion, to  direct  your  consideration  to  va- 
rious important  matters  connected  with 
our  domestic  policy.     I  rely  with  entire 


confidence  on  your  willing  co-operatioii 
in  perfecting  all  such  measures  as  may  be 
calcubited  to  remove  just  cause  of  con- 

Elaint,  and  to  promote  the  concord  and 
appiness  of  my  subjects.  I  rely  also^ 
with  equal  confidence,  in  the  caution  and 
circumspection  with  which  you  will  cpplr 
yourselves  to  the  alteration  of  laws,wmch 
aflect  very  extensive  and  complicated  in- 
terests, and  are  interwoven  with  ancient 
usages,  to  which  the  habits  and  feelings 
of  my  people  have  conformed.  I  fw 
assured  that  it  will  be  our  common  object 
in  supplying  that  which  may  be  defiectivc, 
or  in  renovating  that  which  may  be  in- 
paired,  to  strengthen  the  foundations  of 
those  institutions  in  Church  and  State, 
which  are  the  inheritance  and  birtbr^bt 
of  my  people,  and  which  amidst  all  the 
vicissitudes  of  public  affiurs  have  prored, 
under  the  blessing  of  Almishty  God,  Hbe 
truest  guarantees  of  their  ubertiea,  dieir 
rights,  and  their  religion." 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


SPAIN. 

Spain  appears  in  a  very  weak  and  un. 
settled  state ;  and  the  capital  has  lately 
been  the  seat  of  an  insurrectionary  move- 
ment. It  appears  that  a  battalion  of  sol- 
diery,  small  in  number  as  compared  with 
the  garrison,  had  the  boldness  to  seize 
upon  the  principal  guard-house  at  the 
Post-office ;  to  fortifv  themselves  in  it, 
in  utter  defiance  of  all  authority;  to  fire 
upon  and  kill  the  Captain- General,  C«n. 
terse,  who  went  to  remonstrate  with  them ; 
and  eventually  exact,  from  the  weakness 
of  the  government,  such  entire  impunity 
for  these  outrages,  that  the  mutineers 
nufrched  out  from  their  stronghold  with 
drums  beating  and  all  the  manifestations 
of  a  signal  triumph.  The  mutineers 
were  a  battalion  ot  the  2d  regiment  of 
light  infantrj',  in  number  about  700, 
wnich  bad  but  lately  arrived  in  Madrid 
on  its  way  to  the  North.  Their  object, 
it  is  said,  was  to  establish  the  liberal  oou- 
stitution  of  1812,  and  of  removing  from 
the  councils  of  the  Queen  Regent  Ge- 
neral Llauder,  who  appears  to  be  dis- 
trusted  as  a  politician,  and  feared  as  a 
Court  favourite.  Llauder  has  since  been 
dismissed  from  the  ministry,  and  re-ap- 
pointed  to  the  Capt.- Generalship  of  Ca- 
talonia. 

PORTUGAL. 

The  Queen's  marriage  with  the  Duke 
de  Leuchtenberg  was  celebrated  on  the 
dOth  Jan.,  when  the  usual  public  rejoic- 
ings took  place  on  the  occasion.     The 


Duke,  who  is  henceforward  to  go  by  tbe 
title  and  name  of  Prince  Augustus  of 
Portugal,  appears  to  have  met  with  •  cor- 
dial reception  among  the  Portuguese,  md 
is  likely  to  become  {wpular. 


Under  the  auspices  of  tbe  Austrian 
government,  the  whole  of  the  Danube, 
from  Presbui^  to  the  Bhu;k  Sea,  and 
even  to  Constantinople,  a  distance  of 
J{fteen  hundred  miki,  has  lately  been 
opened  to  the  influence  of  steam.  This 
project  was  first  undertaken  by  Count 
Szecbengi,  a  Hungarian  nobleman  of 
great  fortune  and  very  enlightened  mind, 
who,  in  quest  of  mechanical  information, 
has  made  several  journeys  to  this  country. 
His  operations  for  improving  the  navi- 
gation of  the  Danube,  nave  been  upon  a 
scale  so  vast,  as  to  entitle  him  to  the  ap- 
pellation of  the  Bridgewater  of  the  Ger- 
man  States.  After  expending  great  sums 
from  bis  private  fortune,  he  1ms  at  length 
received  assistance  in  his  plans  from  the 
Prince  Mettemirh.  The  most  active  ex- 
ertions are  accordingly  to  be  made  for  the 
removal  of  the  only  formidable  inter- 
ruption which  exists  to  the  navigation  of 
the  Danube,  the  rocks  at  the  rapids  be- 
tween Moldavia  and  Glendova.  Through 
these  rapids,  a  channel  or  kind  of  canal  is 
intended  to  be  cut,  by  means  of  a  diving- 
bell,  which  has  lately  gone  from  EngUnd 
for  that  purpose,  accompanied  by  one  of 
the  seamen  who  was  engaged  in  raising 


1835.] 


Foreign  IS'ews. — Domestic  Occurrences. 


311 


the  specie  from  the  wreck  of  ibe   TTuti* 
Irigate. 

PERSIA. 

Authentic  accounts  have  Iwen  re- 
ceived from  Persia,  dated  Tehemn,  the 
22d  of  Dec,  from  wliicli  it  iifippar*,tbat 
the  contest  for  the  sitcceMJon  to  llif  ihrone 
between  the  younp  Srbith,  MuhnTntned 
Meerza,  and  hi «  uni'les  has  been  happily 
and  fjipeditiodsly  terminated,  by  the  §ub- 
rnisMon  of  the  l«tter.  nnd  the  triumjihiint 
arrivii]  of  the  Schah  at  Tt-lieran, — a  result 
which  appears  to  have  been  almost  en- 
tirely owing  to  the  pov.  crfut  nioml  etfect 
produced  by  the  cordial  union  of  the  re- 
presentatives uf  England  uiid  RusFiia  in 
FUljport  of  MohoiDined  11eerr.a,  and  by 
the  prompt  movemciits  and  good  spirit  of 
the  army  of  Aderhczuu,  under  tito  di- 
rection of  British  officers  in  the  Persian 
»er\-ice.  Mohammed  ihms  reniuiiif*  th« 
possessor  of  the  Persian  empire,  wnd  the 
disjtosition  of  Feth  All  in  favour  of  Al>. 
bus  Mirza,  have  bpcii  reulizetlin  the  per- 
son of  the  gnwdsoTi. 

TJiOlA. 

By  a  decision  lately  come  to  at  the  Ad- 
mimlly,  the  project  n^r  a  Fteuni  commu- 
nication with  Iiiditi  by  the  way  of  Epypf, 
is  to  be  revived.  OrdnrR  have  been  pivcn 
that  a  rej,ii!ar  comnninication  uith  Alex- 


atidria,  through  the  MMlilerraneaii  steam-> 
packet!*,  is  to  be  kept  u{i.  A  steam* 
vessel  is  to  be  in  readiness  at  Malta  for 
tbe  arrival  of  the  mail  from  England, 
and  ftart  with  tbe  letters  for  Alexandria, 
whence  she  will  return  immediately  to 
J^Ialtu,  bringing  the  letters  to  go  to 
England  by  the  next  packet.  This  ar. 
rangement  will  be  on  loot  on  the  Ist  of 
Majrcb,  and  will  remove  one  of  the  great 
impediments  to  the  long  talked  of  com* 
munication  with  India. 

CHINA. 

A  dispute  hiis  lately  broken  out  at  Can- 
ton between  the  Chinese  and  Briti.sh  au- 
iboritic* ;  Lord  Nupier,  who  had  been' 
Bent  out  by  the  Government  under  the 
Act  passed  in  conseqtience  of  the  repeal 
of  the  Ea&t  India  Company'*  monopoly 
of  the  China  trade,  having  thought  pro- 
per to  prwied  at  once  to  that  city,  with- 
out waiting,  it  miKhi  be  for  months,  for 
the  speciiJ  permission  with  which  per- 
sona iiivested  ivitli  un  official  character  are 
usually  provided.  The  trade  was  al- 
together suspended  during  the  dispute. 
Later  accounts,  however,  mention  the 
renewal  of  commercial  intercourse ;  but 
announce  the  melancholy  circumstance 
of  Lord  Napier's  death. — Seethe  Article 
on  China,  pp.  265 — 2W. 


DOMESTIC    OCCURRENCES. 


IRELAND. 

A  range  of  liHiialtie  cnlumris  hp.n  been 
discorered  on  the  >i(nnh  wdc  of  Caim- 
earny-bill,  in  the  p&ri>h  of  ("onnor,  three 
miles  N.  E.  of  Antrim.  The  columns 
are  W  regttlarly  formed  as  those  of  the 
Giant's  (jiusewuv  —  tliey  are  in  general 
hexagonal — they  incline  Ironi  the  per- 
pendicular towurdN  the  north  iit  an  angle 
of  about  1 7  degrees,  tfie  colntmi«t  at  either 
side  leaning  townrds  tbe  ceiirve  The 
space  of  ground  iilready  ojiened  is  about 
M)  feet  in  breadth,  and  H  dee]) ;  the  co- 
lumns  appearing  at  present  being  alnjut 
12  feet  in  heighL  These  cotumriK  pio- 
bably  form  a  part  of  a  great  whin 'dye, 
running  s^outhward  from  the  northern 
ahores  of  Antrim. 


I  INTELT 

P"t»f  Dorer' 


INTELUCE.NrE  PHOM  VARI0(7»   PARTS 
or  THE  (OUSTUV. 

I  Hint,  Dover. —  The  (Jorporwtion 
Dorerhaj)  purchased  this  ancient  hnild> 
ing  for  the  purpose  of  providifit;  a  more 
cxteijoive  prison  for  the  town  and  in  iiher- 
ties.  The  works  are  already  in  pro> 
greMi,  for  converting  the  entire  b<«i»ement 


^ 


of  the  extensive  range  into  a  capaeiout 
gnol,   conTpri.<iiiig   tbe  reqttisile  compart- 
ments for  the  cla.sMfication  of  prisoners. 
The    Governor's   a|)artmeittR.  and    those 
for  the  imprisonment    of    debtors,    are- 
arranged,  and  nearly  completed  in  the  an- 
cient Tower  and  adjoining  building.     A 
eha(>el  and  an   ititirmar}'  arc  projected  at 
the    north-east    extremity.       The  doors> 
w.'cupyirig  tiie   lotty   space  over   the  in- 
tended gnol  H  ill  be  removed  ;  and  a  eora- 
modiouk   ScssiuiK.IIall   will  occupy  the- 
vacant  *[>acc.     Tiie  auditory  i»  prj)posed 
to   be  on  the  plan  of  an    Amphitheatre,, 
and  contiguous  thereto  will  be  the  reoui-. 
bite  rooms    for  tbe   Magistrates,  Junes,. 
&c.     Thcfic,    with   tbe  turnkeys*  apart- 
mcnl.H.  will  occupy  the  northern  iM>rtion 
of    the    Mu:«ion    Dieu;    while   the  slill' 
larger    section   tounrdR   the   <wuth    will . 
fornian  outer  court  of  handsome  dimen- 
sion!^,  lighted   by   the  old  pointed  win- 
dows which  will  be  re-opcned  by  the  re-  - 
inoval   of  the   masonry  with  winch  they 
are  now  blocked  up. 

fib,  8.  A  riot,  which  threatened  sev 
rious  rni^sequences,  and  which  resulted 
in  tbe  complete  destr\iction  of  tbe  medi- 


Domntic  Occurrtacta. — Tkeatrkal  Register. 


312 


cal  achool  in  E]rre.street,  J^JIdd,  took 
place,  arising  iiroin  the  simple  circiian. 
stance  of  ■  drunken  quarrel  between 
the  man  and  his  wife  who  bad  charge  of 
the  premises,  and  the  report  spreading 
that  an  attempt  had  been  made  to 
"Burke"  her.  The  mob  forced  open 
the  doors,  threw  all  the  portable  articles 
of  furniture,  the  books,  &c.,  into  the 
street,  where  a  large  bonfire  was  made  of 
them,  and  they  commenced  pulling  down 
the  house,  to  which  they  ultimately  set 
fire.  It  was  found  necessary  to  call  in 
the  aid  of  the  military  to  suppress  the 
riot  The  Medical  Hall,  in  Surrev- 
street,  was  also  attacked,  but  the  timelr 
arrival  of  the  soldiers  prevented  the  mob 
from  doing  greater  damage  than  that  of 
breaking  the  windows. 

Feb.  12.  Several  successful  experi- 
ments were  tried  on  the  North  Humber 
bank,  with  a  portable  apparatus  admirably 
adapted  for  conveying  a  Une  from  a  dis- 
tressed  ship  or  wreck  to  the  shore.  The 
apparatus  consists  of  a  gun  (manufoc- 
tured  by  Mr.  Blanch,  gunroaker  of 
Hull}  which  will  propel  a  une  made  fast 
to  an  arrow  to  the  distance  of  from  150 
to  900  yard?,  and  thus  obtain,  from  even 
a  single  individual  on  the  beach,  all  the 
assistance  which  such  exigencies  require. 


[Match, 


LOMDUN  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 
Hornet  of  Parliament. — Owing  to  the 
late  destruction  of  the  two  Houses  of 
Parliament  by  fire,  his  Majesty  ordered 
the  chambers  usually  denominated  the 
Painted  Chamber  and  the  Court  of 
Requests  for  old  House  of  Lords)  in 
the  said  Palace,  to  be  respectively  fitted 
up, and  prepared  for  the  temporaryaccom> 
raodation  of  the  Houses  of  Lords  and 
Commons.  Accordingly  workmen  have 
since  been  constantly  employed  in  fitting 
up  the  respective  Chambers,  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  members.  On  Feb.  17th 
the  necessary  repairs  were  considered  as 
completed,  and  the  public  were  admitted, 
by  tickets,  to  an  inspection  of  the  pre- 
mises. The  general  appearance  of  the 
House  of  Commons  is  deemed  preferable 
to  that  of  the  Lords,  on  account  of  its 
openness  and  spaciousness.  The  House 
of  Lords,  owing  to  its  narrowness, 
looks  confined;  but  the  arrangements 
there,  though  on  a  small  scale,  are  very 
complete,  and  have  a  rich  appearance, 
in  consequence  of  the  ceiling  and  galleries 
being  embellished  with  pointed  panelling, 
and  the  deep  red  colour  of  the  furniture, 
the  papering,  &c.;  while  the  Commons' 
House-is  conspicuously  neat  and  simple^ 
II 


all  the  wood-work,  the  benches,  gallaiei, 
&C.,  together  with  the  sides  of  the  House, 
being  of  oak,  or  of  oak  colour,  and  the 
coverings  of  the  benches,  &c.,  green  lea* 
tfaer.  The  general  entrance  to  the  House 
of  Lords  for  the  peers  is  at  the  Royal 
gateway,  and  along  the  Royul  gallery. — 
There  is  a  separate  entrance  for  the  spi- 
ritual peers  at  the  only  piece  of  the  piam 
that  is  left.  The  Speaker  approaches  the 
lobby  from  a  passage  formed  by  one  tide 
of  the  cloisters,  and  which  is  directly  un- 
der  his  former  way  of  entering  the  lob- 
by of  St.  Stephen's.  The  Commons' 
librsry  is  at  the  south  end  of  the  Long 
Gallery.  It  is  much  smaller  than  the  for- 
mer library,  and  wholly  filled  with  par- 
liamentary works. 

f\rb.  3.  By  this  day's  Gazette,  a  royal 
commission  was  appointed  for  the  pur- 
pose  of  considering  **  the  state  of  the  se- 
veral dioceses  in  England  and  Wales,  with 
reference  to  the  amount  of  their  revennea, 
to  the  more  equal  diAtribution  of  episco- 
pal duties,  and  to  the  prevention  of  the 
necessity  of  attachitif;,  by  commendam,  to 
bisbopricks,  benefices  with  cure  of  souls; 
also  for  considering  the  state  of  the  seve- 
ral cathedral  and  collegiate  churches  within 
the  same,  with  a  view  to  the  suggestion 
of  such  measures  as  nuiy  render  them 
most  conducive  to  the  efficiency  of  the 
Established  Church;  and  for  devising 
the  best  mode  of  providing  for  the  cure 
of  soids,  with  special  reference  to  the  re- 
sidence of  the  clergy  on  their  respective 
benefices."  The  Commissioners  ap- 
pointed for  carrying  these  important  ob- 
jects into  effect  are— the  Archbishop  of 
Canterburv,  Lord  Lyndhurst,  Archbisbi^ 
of  York,  Earl  of  Harrowby,  the  Bishop  of 
London,  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln,  the  Bi- 
shop of  Gloucester,  Sir  Robert  Peel, 
the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Goulbum,  the 
Right  Hun.  Charies  Watkin  Williams 
Wynn.the  Right  Hon.  Henry  Hobhouse, 
and  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Herbert  Jenner. 


THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 

COVENT  GAKDEK. 

Feb.  10.  A  new  afterpiece,  in  two 
acts,  called  Death  and  the  Doctor,  founded 
on  an  ancient  Italian  mystery,  was  pro- 
duced It  proved  to  be  a  ^ilure,  and 
was  eventually  withdrawn. 

ORURY   LANK. 

Feb.  17.  A  serious  drama,  in  two  acts, 
by  Mr.  Jerrold,  entitled  T/te  Hazard  of 
the  Die,  was  brought  forward.  The 
scene  is  hiid  in  Paris,  and  the  period  is 
that  of  the  revolution  of  1793.  The 
piece  met  with  a  very  cordial  reception. 


LIST  OF  THE  NEW    HOUSE  OF  COMMONS, 

Appoixi'ED  TO  M££T  rea.  19,  1B3S. 
(77w$e  nuirked  with  *  were  not  in  the  fate  Partiameut.) 


I 


ENGLAND. 

Abiacdon— T.  DuliielH. 
Aodovrr— n.  lUw^ill,  'Sir  J.  W.  Polleo. 
ijQjIewy— Sir  R.  U.  W.  Bullielvy. 
Arabdvl — Loid  D.  C.  :Stuiiil. 
Atltbuiiou — *C'.  Lu>llin^loo. 
A*liliia-uadf r-Lyue — *C  Htndley. 
^ylrtbury— VV.RicVford,  W.  U."  lUorar r. 
H»obury— H.  \V.  Taocrtd. 
Birii»Uplr — J.  P.  U.  Chichester,  C  S.  Kwiicuuit. 
Bai.>^*fltliiw — O.  H.  Vernon,  Hon.  A.  Duucoiube. 
Il.th— <;euer»l  C.  PJmer,  J.  A.  Koet.uck. 
Heaum*r(« — C«pt.  F.  r*(et. 

Bclf.vdsl.irr— Lord C.  J.  F.  Ru»»ell,*L«Kl  Alford. 
Bedford— ♦Cup!.  K.  Pollii)!,  S.  Criwiey. 
Ilrtkilitrf'— K.  Palmer,  *P.  Pu^eviJ.  W»llcr. 
Berwick— Sir  R.  S.  Dookiii,  *J    ~Hr*dsliaw. 
B«v<rlry— II.  Burton,  J.  •W.  Hofg. 
Bewdley — .SirT.  K.  \ViuniD|!tou. 
BiriniQ(li*iii — T.  Attwood,  J.  Scholrfield. 
Blarkburo— W.  Turner,  \V.  FicliJi.ni. 
Bodmia— *Mi»jor  Viviiin,  SirS.  T.  Spry. 
Bottoo — \V.  Rollio;,  *C.  Ainsworth. 
Boatno— *J.  S.  BroworiKf,  J.  Wilks. 
Bradford— E.  C.  Li»»*r,  J.  Hurdy. 
BKtkuock.hire— Col.  T,  Wood. 
BrvcoD — 'C  M.  K.  Morgmii. 
Bridgrnorlli— T.  C.  Wlntmore,  K.  Pigolt. 
BridKrwalcr — C.  K.  K.   t'yntc,  *J.  T.  Lrader. 
Bndpurt— H.  WwburtOD,  •U.  Twin, 
Biielitcti— *Cit>l.  Petlitll,  I.  N.  VViBoCy. 
BrlMoI— SirR.  R.  Vy\y»n,  'P-J.  Mile*. 
Bu^kmgl>^m^hire— M»'rqui$  of  Chaodos,  'Sir  W. 

Youm,  'J.  B.  Pr«ed, 
Buckincham — SirT.  Frenmnllr,  Sir  H.  vcrney. 
Bu.y  (IjiocBibirc)— B.  Wiilker. 
Bury  St.  EdmiiDd'i — Edri  Jrrmyn,  Ld.C  1''>Uroy. 
C«lnc — F,.<rl  of  K'rrrv. 
Cmbfidpwhire— *E'.  T.  Vorke,  *R.  J.  E.»ton,  H. 

O.  Towuley. 
C4ml>iu!gt — ^T.  8.  Ric«,  Ceorge  Pry  me. 
CambridRc  Univ*r^ity— Sir  Cliarics  AIjii1li«>r3  Sut- 

too,  Kl.  Hon.  H.Goufbura. 
Caoierbury— *Lord  A.  Cunyugham,  *F.  Vlllkri. 
C«rdiff— Jolin  Niclioll. 
C»rdiiE«o»lii(f — toltiocl  W.  E.  Pcwfll. 
C4rdiKaa — Pryjr  Pryjc, 
Carliile— P.  II.  Howard,  *W.  M«rshall. 
Carmirtlneuhire- Hon.  G.  B.  Trevor,  Sir  J.  Wil- 

ll^IDi. 

CurmartHcB — *U»vid  Lewti. 

C*ni4rvoo«biic — T.  A.  ■'Jmit^ 

Caroaivoo — •Ckilooei  Parry. 

Chatliaiii— *SirJ.  P.  Bcit^fofd. 

Chelttul.»m— Hon.  C.  F.  Bi-rkplcy. 

Chc»hjr«(N.)— P..  J.Hrnalo,  W.  T.  Egertcm. 

Clicjlnrc  (S.)— G.  Wilbr»h*ni,  *Sir  P.  E)rnoii. 

Clifiur — Ld.  R.  Oro«venor,  J.  Jrivit. 

CliiehrMcj — Ld.  A.  Lcfioot  ,  J.  A.  Smitn. 

Chipproham — J.  Nrcld,  *H.  G.  Boldero. 

Chrtttchiirch— C..  W.  T-ppS. 

'Ctreoccttrr — J.  Cilppi,  Lord  E.  Sonacrict. 

Clitheroc — John  Foa. 

Cockermouth — P.  L.  B.  Dykei,  II.  Aglionby. 

Colchester — H.  SattdrrioD,  *.Sir  (J.  H.  Smylli, 

Cornwall    (E.)— ilir   VV.    Molaworili,    W.    L.    8. 

Tf  el»»  orv . 
Corawall (W.; — Sir C. Lemon, F..W.W  Piodanrei. 
C4»Trntr>— *W.  Willl«m«,  E.  EUice. 
Criekladt— B.  Gordon,  *J.  Ni-cld. 
ComberUod  (E.>— Sir  J.  P..  nritiam,  W.  Blwnire. 
Cumberlaod  (W.)  E.  St*Dley.  S.  IrtCD. 
Dartmouth — Col.  i.  II.  Stale. 
UcDbieh^liirr— Sir\V.W.WvuDe,*Roa.  W.Bagol. 
tJtnbigli— *Willi»m  Junes.' 
Drrbytliiic  fN.>— Hon,  n.CavcndUb.T.  Ciiborot. 


L 


Gemt.  i>lA<i.  Vol.  UL 


Di-rbyihire  (».;— "Sir  U.  Rrlfili-y,  'Sir  G.  Crewp. 

Derby — Hdw.rU  Slrutt,  •Hon.  J.  G.  B.Poiuonby. 

Devixei — W.  Locke,  Sir  P.  Durham. 

Dtsonjioit — Sir  E.  CoiIniiKton,  Sir  O.  Grey. 

pevttujh.  (N.) — Hoo.  N.  Fellowcf,  Ld.  E>>'rtn(tOD. 

DrTomhire  (S,>— Ld.  J.    RuaselJ,  *Sir  J.  B.  Y. 

Duller. 
DofclieiXer — lion.  A.  A.  CoopePj  *R.  Williami. 
Dorieuliirr— Lord    Athley,   Hon-  W.   F,  S.  Pon- 

wnbv.  *II.  C.  Slurl. 
Dover— Sir  J.  II.  Rtirt,  «J.  M.  Fcctor. 
llroilwjch —  *Jolin  Uaraeby. 
Dudley — Thoinai  H^wlies. 

Durliitin(N.) — Sir  H.  WilliamMO,  II.  LMnbtoa. 
Durham  (9.) — J.  Pe«»c,  J.  Ri.«wc». 
Durham— W.C.  (l«ilaod,  •llou.  A.  Tr«»o*. 
East  Retford — *Hou.  A.  Duacumba- 
Emci  (N.>— a.r  J.  T.  Tyrrell,  A.  Bwrioi;. 
Kwc«  (S.)  R.  W.  H.  Dare,  *T.  VV.  Bi^nslon. 
ETesham— Sir  O.  Coekerell,  «P.  Honhwick. 
Exeter— •Sit  W.  W.  Follett,  E.  Di»elt. 
Kye— Sir  E.  Kerrtioo. 
Kiiisbury— T.  S-  Duncombe.  "T.  Waklcy. 
Fluiuhirc— Hob.  E.  W.  L.  MostyD. 
Fdol — Sir  .S.  filynne. 
FroBie — ^T.  Sheppard. 
Gateihead — C.  Itippoa. 

GlanOFtJ»ii»liiT«— C.  R,  M.T«1bol,I,.W.  DiHwyn. 
Gloutestirshire  (E.)— Hod.  A.  H.  Mnrctnn,  C.  W. 

CodrinRlnn. 
Gli.uce>lerNliirc(W.)— Hfln.  G.  C.  O.  Berkeley. 

•Marq.  of  WorcMlor. 
GlouceAler.— H.  T.  Il-ipc,  •lion,  F  F.  8«ikelrr. 
Gmnlbam— G.  E.  Welby,  Hon.  A.  G.  Talmasli. 
(irpenwifh — E.  G.  Ba-nard,  'J.  AugenitiD. 
Bre»t  Grinuhy — *F,.  lleneaKe. 
Guildlord,  .!.  Mangles  C.  B.  Wall. 
Il*lifa»— C.  Wood.  'Hoo.  J.  S.  Worlley. 
Hampihlie  fti.—{C.  5.  LeffTre,  J.  W.  Stolt. 
HamjMliire  (S.>— •J.  W.  yiening,  *H.  C.  Comp 

ton. 
Harwic>>->I.  C.  Htrrict,  *F.  R.  Doahain. 
HAftini;>— •?.  North,  H.  Klpliimtoue. 
lUverfordwe.st — *W.  H.  sicourfield. 
Itvlttoiie — ♦I.f>rd  J.  lowmhcDd. 
Hereforrtilure — K.   Duikmt,  E.  T.  Foley,  Sir  R. 

Pnr*. 
Hereroril— E.  B.CIirr,  R.  BldduTph. 
ItcrtfordiJiire — 'Lord  Gnmvion,  'A.  Smith,  R. 

AUton. 
Hertford — Lord  MBhoD,*Uoa.  W,  F.  Cixipcr. 
lIoMton— *A.  Chii-ht»tef,  "H,  D-  Baltlir. 
Flot!<1iiiin — R.  H.  Hurtt. 
FludderiArld — J.  Blackbumc. 
llaatiDgdon^hiie — Viic,  .VUndoille,  J.  P.  Roper. 
HuutmgdoD,  Col.  Pei-I,  Sir  F.  Pollock. 
Flylhr — iituart  Marjoribauki. 
Ip,wich— *R.  A.  Duudai,  «F.  Kdly. 
Kendal — J.  barham. 

Keal  (E.}— Sir  E.  Kuatctibull,  J.  P.  P1umptr«. 
KpDt  {W.>— *3jr  W.  G«ary,  T.  L.  Hodgn. 
Ividdermiostcr — "G.  R.  Pnilipit. 
Kiofslon-upon-Hu'll — *D.  Carruthpri,  W,  Uutt. 
Kaarr»borougli — 'A.  Law^oo,  J.  Ricliardt. 
Lambelh — C.Teonyjoo,  B.  Hairei,  juo. 
Laucaitbire  (N.) — Lord  Stanley,  J.  VV.  Patten. 
Laotasliire  (.S,)— «Lord  F.  Ejcnoli,  •Hoo.  B.  B. 

Wilhraham. 
Lducajter- P.  M.  Stewart,  T.  O.  Greeoe. 
Launce«toa — Sir  H.  Hardto^r. 
Leedt — •Sir  J.  Brckett,  E.  B<ines. 
J.eKCjter».  (N.>— Ld-  R.  Manner*,  C.  M.  Philllppt. 
L«ice4ter»hire(.S.)— H.  Halford,  *T.  F.  Turner. 
Jxtcriter — *Mr.  Scrj.  Ooulborrii  T.  UI«il>tooc. 
LcomiDster — Lord  liotham,  T.  Bi>h. 
Lewe«— SirC.  R.  Blunt,?.  R.  Kemp. 
Lichfield— Sir  G.  Anwta,  &\t  t..  \> .  %«0Vl.. 


I 
I 


i 


314 


Lht  of  the  Members  of  the  House  of  Commons.         [Marcli, 


LiDcolntliire,   Liiidiey, — Hoo.  C.  A.  PrIliJiiD,  T. 

Corliell. 
I.inrolusliiie,  Kpslevrn — M.  1  Uctllcy,  G.  G.  Hrdlt- 

Uhcolo — *CiilciDel  Sikthorp,  E.  L.  Bulwer. 

L<«k.»*rd — C.  Hiillrr. 

Liverpool — Lord  S*ailoa,  W.  Ewiirt. 

London— M.  Wooil,  *J.  F^ltiion,   W.  Cnwfoid, 

G.  t^rote. 
Luillow— Ld.Clisc.  *E.  I^  ChaiUoa. 
I.yiiii*  K«"5is — W.  I'liinry. 
Lvmiusuiu — J.  Sj»«f/irl. 'W.  A.  Miirkinana. 
I.yon  Urs!ii — iMid  (i.  lleoliiick,  *!)ir  8.  Cooning. 
MMrclri.rii.-ltl— J.  byle,  J.  Grerklrtiurtt. 
M»id»to«r— *\V'.  Lewis  A.  W.  Hori»ru. 
.MildoD — 4Juiotin  I>ick.  T.  U.  LeuiiarJ. 
Malmr^iury — Lord  AurJover. 
M>iltou — lirrii.  W.  Fiixwilliam,  J.  C.  Rmnideo. 
M»ncnd*tcr — C.  KtutcU  Thomtoo.  M.  Pliillip*. 
Marlboroueh — Lord  A.  E   Biurr,  H.  H.  Baling. 

Marluw— Sir  W.  <;U>ltni,  T.  P.  Willi.iin. 
Marvlobout — Sir  S.  Wlinlley.  U.  L.  Bulwer. 
Mtri-.tielUiliirr— Sir  K.  W.  V»o4l»(Mi, 

M«ithyrTidvil— J.  J.  (iue»t. 

Midi1lr«^— G.  Dyne,  J.  Ilumc. 

jMi'lliurM — W.  ?.  Poyott. 

M.inmouJuliirt— Ld.  O.   Somerfbl.   VV.  A.   WA- 
lionia. 

M<  •union  Ui — B.  nail. 

Mr.niauinPryihirr — C.  W.  W.  Wynnt. 

"'!      'j.tncry — *J.  Kd  wards. 

\h — lliin.  t.  IS.  (lovntrd. 

>     V   (i.— VV.  E.  Gl»dslnnr,  •Serjeant  Wildc. 

Ntwca»lie-uijdnr.l.yne— W.  H.  Miller,  'E.  J'rej. 

NcwMMle-upo.! Tyuc— 'W.  Ord.  Sir  M.  Ridlrv. 

NowfKin— J.  H.  M!>wkin»,  W.  11.  Ord. 

N"rlolk,(E.j— •Hon.  E,\Vodcliomr,«Ld.W*lpole. 

N.Ht.lk.  (\V.>— Sir  VV.  F.ilkn.  Sir  J.  .Aitler. 

\  ifilMlkftnii— •VV.  B.  VVrijhuon. 

Nort  i.iinpiMu^hire    (N.) — Ld.  .Milloo,    Ld.    Bra- 

.iLljtll, 

^ r„  , i.,„,),ire  (S,)— W.  R.  C'MtttiifhI.  "Sir 

^R.  V.  Smit}>,  C.  Htn*. 

"V  '— Ld.Hotrick,  Ld.O»utaton. 
-M.  lUll.T.  W.  Br-iumnni. 
iiii,  •Hon.  K.  C.  Swflril, 
.\'^i'.'.i>.M...,^.  ,.<   ,  -.  >— Lwtl  Lumiey,  '1°.   Uol<!>- 

wurtii. 
NoitlDKbanubkrs    (S.>— Cart   of  Uncotn,   J.    E. 

DcdUou. 
Nottingliam— «ir  R.  C.  Fcrgtuoo,  Sit  J.  C  Hob- 

haute. 
Oldhanv— J.  Fielden.  W.  CoM>v!t. 
Oxfori'lsliiit — LJ.  Nomryi,  G.  U.  UArcourt,  Major 

We^Und. 
n^'     '     '<■    H.  Haehn.  "D.  Mtcleaa. 
'  rtity— T.  B.Eitcourt,Sir,ll.H.loitlif. 

I  L — Sir  J.  Uweo. 

I  I .  O.  Owen. 

W,  Fr*il>6«ld,  R,  M.  llolfe. 
i  — Sir  R.  IleroD,  N.  Fu«lMrl«)'. 

l-ri.tMiri.i — *C'.  Hector. 
Plymouth — J.  Callur. T.  B.  Brwcs. 
IVatcfr^ct— J.  Gutlv.  *U<rd  PoiliAgltMl. 
I'.K.Ie—S.r  J.  Byoi.'  •C.  A  Tulk, 
Portimuuiti— J.  a.  C«rti'r,   F.  T.  Bariof. 
FrrtlQo— II.  r.  SUiilcy.  V.  U.  FlMt^rt***- 
ll*dqor»hir» — "VV.  VVUkjiu. 
Rdiliior— K.  Price. 

Haadlnt— •Mr.  i^njeaol  Talfourd,  C.  RuMCli. 
KrlgMe — Lord  £*<loor. 
RichtDOnd— Hno.  J.  C.  Duoda*.  *A.  SpiMS. 
Riron^»*<ir<  ,  l>'4lb*<«',  •!■.  Pcmbertoft, 
y      -    :    ■        ^r     ■     -  .     ■ 

Ifodn*. 
i,Sir  G.  HcMteMK. 

lUi— i:.   11.  <  .irlii*. 
J>«irord— J.  Brothenoo. 
Hilt.hon— VV.  B.  BrodiT,  'W.  WyaAbaoi. 
"     r  "■    '  "V    ■'   r;orr. 

il  .B.  U.U.CIi»«. 
I  io*brk4gr. 
Ic^itniough— •>it  r.  Frcurli,  fcir  J. 


Sl.jiflif'bury— J.  PuuUer. 
SlirlTietd— J.  Pjrkrr,  J.  8.  Buckingham. 
Slioretmin — ^Sir  C.  Burrrll,  II.  D.  Gortnc. 
Shiewtbory — Sif  J.  H«nmpr,  «J,  rie»«-tt  PcUtam. 
.Soniirn«t(F..>— Col.  G.  LxDeCoQ,  W.  Mile*. 
SofntfMl  (VV.) — E.  A.  S»odfoitl,  C.  J.  K.  Tynte. 
Soutliiinpiou — ♦J.  15.  Hey,  *A.  R.  Doluq. 
Soutli  .^iliields — II.  Ingham. 
S<^iutliv.*Tk — J.  Hiiin|>hrry,  D.  W.  Harvpy. 
SCalTordsliire  (N.)— Sir  O.  Moiley,  E.  Builer. 
Sulford»li  (S.V- Sir  J.  Wrotlmlev,  E.J.  L  lOrtM. 
Sufford— «F.  L.  IL  G<iodiwke,  VV.  F.  Ciielwyttd, 
S(.  Aib<u'»— *HaD.  B.  II.  Griraktaa,  R.  G.  Ward. 
Stamlord— T.  Cluplin,  G.  Finch. 
81.  Ivi'jt-^.  ]I«Im:. 

Stockpoit— ♦T.  MartUnd.  *n.  Mar^laod. 
8iokc--oD-Tn.-nt — *R.  E.  Hrathcote,  J.  OaTe«|Wvra. 
Slrood — G.  P.  Scrope,  Col.  Fok. 
Sudbnrv— *J'  Bag%haw,  *fi.  Smith. 
Suffolk'CE.)— Lord  Hrnoiker.  'Sir  C.  B.  Vcre. 
)igtfolk  (W.)— •Col.  Runhbrookc.  'M.  Wttson. 
SuodcrNnd — AldettnanTlKiinp^on,  'n.  Barrlar. 
Sutrry  (E.)— "Capt.  Alfi^et,  A.  VV.  Be.uclerfc. 
Sorrry  (VV.)— W.  J.  Dcntaon,  "C.  B^iicUy. 
Su»tCJi  (E.>— Hon.  C  C.  Ca»rodi»h,  II.  B.  Cttr 
SuMBx  (VV.) — Lord  G.  Leanoji,  Earl  of  Surrey.^ 
SwsD«f4 — J,  H,  ViTiari. 

lainworUi— Sir  R.  Pei-I,  'VV.  Y.  Peel. 
T..vii<i.(k— Ld.  Willium  Ruurlt.  'J.  RonML 
Tanoton — C.  T.  Bainbridfie,  H.  Liboucbere. 
Trwkcibuc^ — *VV.  Oondei«.TlJ,  C.  IJ,  Tracy. 
Tiiclfurd— E<rl  of  Eu4Coo,  F.  Baring. 
Thirsk— vS.  Crompton. 
TiTcrcoo — J.  Ilrachcoat,  J.  Kennedy. 
ToCacu — Lord  Srymour,  J.  ParrotL 
Tnwcr  Hanilcti— VV,  CUy,  Ur.  Luihingtoa. 
•J  ruro— VV.  Tookr.  •B.  VivUd. 

Tynemooth — <J.  F.  Young. 

VVakcfirld— D.  Gukcll. 

Watlingrord— VV.  Blackllonc. 

Wal»all— O.  S.  Foriter. 

WarcliMtn— J.  IL  Clcraff. 

WifriDjitott— "J.  I.  Bl»ck'»unj«. 

Warwitk5li(re(N.>— Sir  E.Wllmot,  D.S.  n«gdalc. 

W*rwickslnrc(S.)  ♦Sir  J.  Mordjiaat,  *E.S4icldoo. 

V^'arwick— Sir  C.  J.  Orrvillc.  E.  B.  Ktug. 

VVrllv— J.  L.  Lee.  "N.  VV.  R.  Cnlboro. 

VVenlock— Hod.  C.  Fureitf  r,  J.  M.  Oaskell. 

VVcilbury— Sir  R.  T.  Lopm. 

Wcjlmiotur— Sir  F.  Burdect,  Col.  E<ran«. 

Wntmorrl. — Lord  Lowther.  lion.  B.C.  I»wttier. 

VVVymoutli— K.  BuxtoD,  'W.  W.  Burdou. 

VV'niUiy — A.  Ctiapmao. 

Witilebiven — M.  Auwood. 

VV^caii— "J.  H.  Keaiilev.  R.  Pot«T. 

VV>alU.  Ulc  of— Sir  R.  SinicoQ. 

Wilton^).  II.  Peoruddock. 

Wiltihire(N.>— P.  Methuen,*W.  Long. 

Wiluhire  (S.>— J.  Benett.  Hon.  S.  Herbert. 

Wincheiier— VV.  B.  Baring,  *J.  B.  E«4l. 

Windior— J.  Ramthottom,  *Sir  J.  £.  D.  Beaovoir. 

Wnh(Tli»mpton— "T.  ThorneUy,   •€.  P.  ViUiwi. 

VV       ■  ♦Lord  C.S.  ClinrchiU. 

V  ( E.)— *E.  Holland,  T.  H.  Cookca. 
I  .r,  (VV  >— Hon.    Col.    Lygob.  «•  J- 

>viiio\oi['on. 

Worcrttci— O.  K.  RohintoD.  •J.  Bally. 

Wyeomb— Hon.  K.  J.  Smith,  Ron.  Cot.  Grey. 

Ycroiontb— 'W.  M.  Prard.  «T,  Banng. 
YorVfhiic    (N.>— Hon.    W.    Dnacooibe,     E.    S, 

C»yle». 
YrirkOiir*  (B^R.  Betbell,  P,  B.  Thompv>D. 
Yorlcihlni fW.)— Ld.  Morpeib,  Sir  (>.  Stni^Masd. 
York— Hob.  T.  Oaa<laa,*J.  H.  LowUwr. 

SCOTLAND. 

AbarAecaahire— Hot).  W.  Oonloo. 
Aberdeen— A.  BaBncrnMni, 
Arjyleafcir*— "W.  F.  Ckai|*ell. 
Ayrahifc — R.  A.  Oawald. 
A\r  Borgh»— Loed  P.  J.  Staarl. 
Banffshire— Capt,  O.  FeT«wsoo. 
Har<«ickshire— Sir  H.  P.  CampbcU. 


1835.] 


List  of  the  Members  of  the  House  of  Commons. 


315 


-CMthncM-shirr — G.  Sinclair. 
Clackauanao  and  KinroM — Adm.  Adam, 
Damnanouthire — *A.  DeoniMoa. 
Oamfricuhire — J.  H.  Johastooe. 
Dumfries  Burghs — Geaeral  Sharpe. 
Dundee— Sir  H-  Paruell. 
Edinburgtishirr — *Sir  G.  Clerk. 
Ediobuigli — Hod.  J.  Aliercromby,  Sir  J.  Campbell. 
Eigioshire— Coi.  F.  W.  Grant. 
Elgin  Burghs— Col.  Leitli  Hay. 
r^lkirk  Burghs— W.  D.  Gitlou. 
Fifethire — Cupt.  Wcmyss. 
Foffdrshire— Hod.  D.  O.  Haltyburton. 
43lasgow— J.  Oswald,  *C.  Dunlop. 
Greeoock— R.  Wallace. 
HaddtDgtODshire — *R.  Ferguson. 
Haddington  Burghs — R.  Stewart. 
Inverne*$-shir«— ^.  Grant. 
Inverness  Burghs — C.  Bruce. 
Kilmarnock  Burghi — *J.  Bowring. 
Kiocardmeshire — General  Arbutlinot. 
Kirkaldy  Burghs — *J.  Fergus. 
Kircudbnghtshire — R.  C    Fergusson. 
Lanarkshire— J.  Maxwell. 
Leith — J.  A.  Murray. 
Linlithgowshire — *Sir  A.  Hope. 
Montrose  Burghs — *P.  Chalmers. 
Paisley— *A.O.  Speirs. 
Orkney  and  Shetland — T.  Balfour,  Jan. 
Perbieshire — Sir  J.  Hay. 
Peithahire — *Hon.  Fox  Maule. 
P»rth— L.  Oliphant. 
Ri-nfrewihire— Sir  M.  S.  Stewait. 
Uoks  and  Cromartyshires — *A.  J.  S.  Mackenzie. 
Roxburghshire — *Lord  J.  Scott. 
St.  Andrew's  Burghs — A.  Johnstone. 
Selkirkshire— "A.  Pringle. 
Stirlingshire— *W.  Forbes. 
Sutherldudshirc — R.  Macleod. 
Wick  Burghs-  J.  Loch. 
Wigtonshire — Sir  A.  Agnew. 
Wigton  Burghs— 'J.  MTaggart. 

IRELAND. 

Antrim — General  O'Neill,  Earl  of  Belfast. 

Armagh  County — Col.  Vernon,  Lord  AchesoD. 

Armagh  Town — L.  Dobbin. 

Athlone — *Capt.  Matliew. 

£aodon  Bridge — *J.  U.  Jackson. 

Belfast— J.  E.Tenneut,  J.  M'Cance. 

Carlow  County — Colonel  Bruen,T.  Cavanagh. 

Carlow  Borough — *F.  Biuen. 

Carrickfergus — P.  Kirk. 

Ca5licl — Sergeant  Pcrrin. 

Cavan  County — J.Young,  H.  Maxwell. 

Clare— W.  N.  Macuamara,  C.  O'Biien. 

Clonmel — D.  Ronayne. 

Colerainc — Alderman  Copeland. 

Cork  County — K.  O'Connor,  G.  S.  Barry. 

Cork  City — *Colonel  Chattcrton,  *H.  I.eyecster. 

Donegal — Sir  £.  Hayes,  Colonel  Conolly. 

Downshire — Lord  A.  Hill,  Ix>rd  Castlercagh. 

Dowiipalnck— *D.  Kerr. 

Drogheda — A.  C.  ODwyer. 

Dublin  County — C.  Fitzsimoo,  G.  Evans. 

Dublin  City— Daniel  O'ConncIl,  E.  S.  Rutlivcn. 

Dublin  Uuivrrsity — ^T.  Lefroy,  F.  Shaw. 

Dundalk — *S.  Crawford. 

Dungannon — *Hon.  C.  Knox. 

DungarvoD — *Serge»nl  0'L.oughlin. 

Ennis — '*H.  Bridgraan. 

Eoniskillrn — Hon.  A.  H.  Cole 

Fermanagh — General  Arrlidall,  Lord  CoIc. 

Oalway— T.  B.  Martin,  *J.  J.  Budkm. 

G.lway  Town — A.  H.  Lynrh,  M.  J.  Blake. 

Kerry— «.M.  J.  O'Connell,  F.  W.  Mullins. 

Kildire- E.  Hutlnren,  junior,  H.  M.  O'Ferrall. 

Kilkenny  County— Hon.  C.  Butler,  W,  F.  Finn. 

Kilkenny  City — It.  Sullivan. 

King's  Co. — N.  Fitzsimoo,*  Hon.  J.  C.  Westcnra. 

Kinsale — *Colonel  Thomas. 

Leitrira — Lord  Clements,  .S.  While. 

Limerick  Co.-^on.  R.  FiU;ibl)on,  •W.  S.  O  Brien. 

Limerick  Citv— W.  Roche,  D.  Roche, 


Lisbarn — H.  Meynell. 

Londonderry  Co, — Sir  R.  Balpson.  Capt.  Jones. 

Londonderry  City— Sir  R.  A.  Fergusson. 

Longford — Lord  Forbes,  A.  Lefroy. 

Louth— P.  bellew,  *M.  fiellew. 

Mallow— C.  D.  O.  Jephson. 

Mayo — Sir  W.  J.  Brabazon,  Dominick  Browne. 

Mcatli— H.  Graltan.  M.  OConnell. 

Monaghan — E.  Lucas,  •Hon.  H.  H.  Weitcnra. 

Newry— *D.  C.  Brady. 

New  Ros»-^.  H.  Talbot. 

PortarlingtOD — *Colonel  D.  Darner. 

Queen's  County— Sir  C.  Coote,,*Hon.  T.  Vesey. 

Roscommon — F.  French,  O'Connor  Don. 

Sligo  County — Colonel  Perceval,  £.  J.  Cooper. 

Sligo  Town— >I.  Martin. 

Tipperary- R.  L.  Shell,  ♦R.  Otway  Cave. 

Traiee— Maurice  O'Connell. 

Tyrone — *Lord  C.^Iamilton,  II.  Corry. 

WaterfordConnty— 'Sir  R.  Musgrave,  "P.  Power. 

Wateiford  City— *H.  W.  Barron,  T.  Wyse. 

Westmeath— Sir  R.  Nagle,  M.  L.  Chapman . 

Wexford  County — *J.  Maher,  ♦J.  Power. 

Wexford  Town— C.  A.  Walker. 

Wicklow — J.  Gratun,  R.  Howard. 

youghal— John  O'Connell. 


ITie  Sixteen  Bepresentative  Peers  for 
Scotland  returned  to  terve  in  the  New 
Parliament. 

The  Marquess  of  Tweeddale. — The  Earls  of 
Morton,  Home,  Elgin,  Airlie,  Leven  and  Melville, 
Selkirk,  and  Orkney. — Fhe  'Viscounts  Arbuthnot, 
Srrathallan.— Th«  Lords  Forbes,  Saltoun,  Gray, 
Sinclair,  ColvilJe,  and  Reay  {vice  Etphinstone). 


LIST  OF  SHERIFFS  FOR  1835. 

Bcdrordthire — C.  J.  Metcalfe,  of  Roxlon,  esq. 
Berkshire — B.  Wroughton,  'W'oolley-park,  esq. 
Bucks.- Right  Hon.  Sir  G.  Ouseley,  HalUBam- 

park,  Bart. 
Cainb.  and  Hunts.— J.  Fryer,  Chatteris,  esq. 
Cheshire — J.  H.  Leigh,  Grappenhall-lodge,  esq. 
Cornwall — J.  Buller,  Morval,  esq. 
Cumberlaud — R.  Ferguson.  Harker-lodge,  esq. 
Derby. — A.  N.  E  Moslej',  Burnaston-house,  esq. 
Devon. — S.  T.  Kekewicli,  Peamore,  esq. 
Dorsetshire — Sir  H.  Digby,  Mioteroe  Magna,  Knt. 
Essex— G.  W.  Gent,  Moyns-park,  Steeple  Bum- 

stead,  esq. 
GIoiic. — H.  W.  Newman,  Clifton,  esq. 
Herefordshire — R.  Webb,  Donnington-hall,  esq. 
Hertfordshire— W.  R.  Baker,  Bayfordbury,  esq. 
Kent — J.  Ward.  Holwood,  esq. 
Lancashire — ^T.  Clifton,  Lytham-hall,  esq. 
Leicestershire — W.Herrick,  Beaumanor,  esq. 
Lincolnshire— T.  E.  Welby,  Allington-halI.esq. 
Monmouthshire — C.  Marriott,  Dixton,  esq. 
Norfolk — H.  Gurney,  Keswick,  esq. 
Northamptonshire — L.  Loyd,  Overstone-park,  esq. 
Northumberland — B.  Mitlord,  Mitford-castle,  esq. 
Nottinsharashire — C.  Nevile,  Thorney,  esq. 
Oxfordshire — J.  Fane,  Worraslej-,  esq. 
Rutlandshire — G.  Kemp,  Belton,  esq. 
Shropshire — Sir  B.  Leighton,  Loton,  Bart. 
Somersetsliire — W.  M.Dodington,  Horsiogton,  esq. 
Staffordshire — E.  Monckton,  Sumerford,  esq. 
Southampton — H.  W.  Powell,  Foxleasc,  esq. 
Suffolk — R.  Sayer,  SiptoD-park,  esq. 
Surrey — J.  S.  Broadwnod,  Lyne-house,  esq. 
Sussex — C.  Dixon,  Stanstead-park,  esq. 
Warwickshire— Hon.  C.  B.  Percy,  Guy's  Cliff. 
Wiltshire — H.  Seymour,  Knoyle,  esq. 
Worcestershire— Sir  E.  Blount,  Mawley-hall,  Bart, 
■i'orkshire — R.  H.  Roundell,  Gledstone,  ttq.  . 

WALES. 
Anglesey — ^W.  Hughes.  Plas  Llandyfrydog,  esq. 
Brrronshire — Sir  E.  Hamilton,  Trebinshun,  Hart. 
Cardiganshire — T.  Davies,  'MaixlvtWa.'Cv,  «w\. 


3lfi 


Promotions,  Sfc. — Births  and  Marriages. 


{^Mnrcti, 


C»m»n"on»lilff — J.  Mofgjo,  Wei>p,  esq. 
Ui9ubi||h>hiie— Sir    H.    H.    Cuuliifc,    Attou-pmik, 

Kut.  «dU  D«i<. 
Flinuliiii;— L'.  B.  T.  Hop«r,  Plsitcc.  f»q. 
Ol^morgha&tiite — J.  II.  Ltewelyo,  reii]|eigiire,caq. 


Mcrioiictlolilrc— J.  II.  Lewis  Dalgtin.  esc). 
Moutgumeiyshirr — U.   D.   Gr<ffiUi»,  i^'echwedd' 

gHrth,  cw). 
Pembrokcst'iie — N.  Rocb,  CorhMlon,  e»ij. 
RadDonhirc — ^T.  WiUisiu*,  C'roi»root,  etq. 


PROMOTIONS,   PREFERMENTS, &c. 


Gazette  Pkomotions. 

Dec.  9».     Kni|htcd,  Fred.    IVjIlock,  eaq.    At- 
tornry-iirut^fal. 
Jan. 2:1.  Kutfhtcti,  Edrn.  I.yoni,  r>q.  C'apl.  B.N. 
Jan.  vO.     M'jor-lieii.  H.   Bourke,   lo  be  K.C.U. 

Jan.  'ifi.  N.  I.ior.inilitiB — W.  V',.  ToTnUoe,  esq. 
to  be  Colonel  ;  Visrouut  Alfocd  la  l>e  Lieut.  Col. 

Jan.  90.  firever,  Lieut.-(i«n.  Sif  11.  Faoe. 
<r.t'.R.,  t»  have  the  lct«l  r>ak  of  Oeii*-ral  io  Ui« 
£«»t  lodiei  only. 

J<ia.  II.    CommiiDdpr  F.  G.  Weill,  to  be  Cajit. 

Feb.  i.  Il-'nj.  Toiukint,  e»n.  lo  b«  ooe  of  tut 
Mnjeiiy'i  (.icotlemea  al  Armi. 

Feb.  13.  Mlh  Fuot,  Lictit.-Col.  M.  Bemford, 
to  be  Lieut.-Cul. 

Ftb.  16.  Vice-Adm.  .Sir  rulleDr}-  Malrolm.  to 
wear  the  Orantt  Crou  of  the  Onlerurtbe  Saviour, 
grxnce-il  by  Utho,  Kiof  of  Greece. 

Feb.  IT.  Lt..Oco,  Sii  G.  Ta«D»hepd  Walker, 
O.C.B.  Joha  Barrow.  arUlvciatouru.  Lauc.  eiq. ; 
and  Fraucit  LyKifilon  lloljoikr  (aoodricke,  «F 
Ribitoo  Hall,  CO.  York,  and  iitudky  cutk',  co. 
W«iwick,Lrcatcd  BaroneUorthe  Uotled  Ktttgdom. 

l-'rb.  in.  Earlof  Willoo,  to  be  o(  the  Triry 
C'luncil.— Knighted,  M<jor-Gca.  Thot.  Biigh  St. 
George,  C.B.  and  K.C.II. 

Feb.  14.  Kuiglited,  Cul.  J.  O'lIalloraD— Lieut. 
Cot.  J.  Hattingi  Mair  tob«.' Clovcinor  uf  D<itiiioica. 

Feb. 40.  4Sih  Foot,  Capt.  K.  AmHlroii^  tu  l;e 
llqor. — adWeV  Indiarejt.  Major  W.  B.  Nicullito 
beLiei>t..Col. — Capt.  T.  M'Pheraon  let  Ire  Major. 

Feb.  33.  Vise.  Catllrreagli,  aod  the  Ht.  Hott. 
H.  T.  L.  Corry,  iworo  of  Uie  I'rivy  CouocU. 


Rev.  Dr.  Waite,  Hiich  Hal<too  R.  Krat. 
Ke».  P.  WiUoti,  Newmaikal  H.  ru.  Camb. 

Chaplains. 

Rev.  M .  P.  Le  Fanu  :  Rev.  U.  Irwio :  Rev.  J.  A. 
HirmLnsham;  Hrv.  H.  I'.Tighe;  Archd.  Ua 
Hrv.  Dean  of  Kild^ie  :  and  Rev.  F.  Chan 
IQ  be  Oomektir  CliaplaiDS  to  the   Lord 
Daut  u1'  IrelaoU. 

Rev.  K.  Squiir,  Clof-  to  Lord  Deoinan. 

Rev.  C.  Turner,  Vhff.  to  Ixird  Abioger. 

Kr.v.   H.  HnwATlh  viecU-d   Huitean   Lectarer    M ' 
Camb.  (not  Chiittian  Advucate,  as  lo  p.  M4.) 


EoCLEUASTiCAL    FilEFE&ME.STS. 

Archd.  Corric  to  be  Bp.  of  Madras. 

Rev.  J.  11.  Andrrcuo,  Clilheioe  P.  C.  Lancashire. 

Rev.  K.  J,  Beadaa,  Slurwi-ll  K.  D««oa. 

Ilev.  J.  Begg,  Libb«rtoo  Chuirb.  Eilinbar(h. 

lUv.  J.  L.  Biowo,  Holheck  P.  C.  'o.  York. 

Re*.  O.  Huroaby,  Su  Peler't  K.  Bedford. 

Rev.  F.  Cook,  Reay  Church,  Caithoe**. 

Rev.  R.  Daniel,  We»t  Somerton  P.  C.  Norfolk. 

Rev.  T.  Day.  Meodlriihani  V.  Suffolk. 

Rev.  C.  F.  Fitber,  Badgewonh  R.  Homerset. 

Rev.   S.  ForteiCQC,  Poliitnore  aod  Muzatn  RR. 

Devoo. 
Rev.  H.  K,  Fowler,  Colmirk,  R.  with  Priors  Dean. 

Has  is. 
Rev.  J.  R.  Faraau,  nioQingloo  V.  Northamb. 

Rev.  J.  Galtskell,  I.«vertorv  R.  co.  Lincoln. 

Rev.  J.  f:uthrip,C'aln4>  V.  VViluhire. 

Rev.  R.  C.  HaUiway,  Hewitoke  V.  Somerset. 

Ret.  i.  Hodgson.  St.  Peter'*  V.  Thaott,  Kent. 

]t«v.  —  Holt,  FuUtuw  V.  ro.  Lincoln. 

Rev.H.  L.  Houlditch,  HolrolnieHarnrllV.Dfvaa. 

Rev.  J.  II.  Hume,  Hrlroertoa  V.  Wilts. 

Rev.  p.  Hunt,  Aylsham  V.  NoifoJk. 

Rev.  Mr.  Keosil,  Betchwoith  V.  Surrey. 

Rev.  P.  J.  Macfarlaoe,  Droo  Church  Perth. 

Rev.  G.  Marriott,  Kembertoo  R.  Salop. 

Rev.U.  J.  B.Nicholtoo,  the  Abbey  H.St.  AibaaV 

Rev.  J.  Pcarse,  St,  John's  R.  Bedfoid. 

Rev.  E.  Pidslej',  Sampford  Peverell  R.  Devon. 

R«v.  II,  &.  8ayce,  Caldieot  V.  ro.  Uonmouih. 

Rev.  W.  Scott, Sbapwirk  V.  Devon. 

Rev.  J.  A.  Smiili,  Vdimore  V.  Sussex. 

Rev.  J.  U.  Siavard.  Hethel  R.  Norfolk. 

Hev  J.  Bjrdcahani,  BrosbEarct  U.  Soawrset. 


Civil  PnEFKBMKNTs. 

The  \itrt.  Rich.  Jnues,  M.  A.  Professor  of  Poli- 
tiral  Economy  at  Kiit|'<  Colte(e,  Lomton,  lo  I* 
Profrssor  of  Poliliral  tcooomv  mud  lliiLoc)  ut 
the  College  of  the  Kasl  ludw  Company  at  tlay- 
leybury. 

G.  b.  Maclean,  M.  D.  to  be  Hebrew  Profestor 
ill  the  Maiit<hat  Collegf  and  Univ.  et  Aberdeen. 

KFr.W.Bvrla»<>.Uil.  Mas.  o(  FreeGiam.  ScJiuol 
at  Tatnr» ;  II.  fnokeilry,  Etq.  lU'^d  Maatcr. 
and  Mr.  Stodard,  Second  of  St.  Peter's  School, 
Pimlico. 

net.  W.  Fletcher,  Mas.  of  Gram.Srhool  at  Derby. 
Kev.  T.  C.  UitmUi,  Ma«.  of  Fiec  Oram.   School. 

Bridgrwatrr. 
Koo.  J.  C.  Talbol,  tu  be  Recorder  of  MonBKiDtb. 
ClatkioQ  Slanfield,  E«q.  and  WillUoi  Alias.  Em]. 

elected  Boyal  Academicians. 


BIRTHS. 

Dec.  10.  Tlie  wife  of  the  Lord  Biibop  of  Jt- 
maiea,  a  son. 

Jan.  VI.  The  wife  of  Colnnel  Sir  A.  Maclaine. 
nsoo.  —  «i.  At  North  Cerney,  Gloiueestershire,  the 
wife  of  Capt.  Milligao,  a  *oo.  —  'ifi.  At  Avhford 
Grove,  oeai  Ludlow,  La  Cointrsse  d«  Croismair, 
k  dau.  — -27.  In  Beikrlry-sq.  the  Lady  Jaoc 
Walsh,  a  dau.  —  30.  At  Merton  Collene,  Lady 
Carmichael  Anitrother,  •  ion.  —  Tlir  wife  of  the 
Rev.  W.  Worsley.of  Morton,  near  Gaiatbomugh, 
a  dau. 

Lately.  At  Lincoln,  the  wife  of  Sir  R.  Botton. 
Bart,  a  dau.  —  At  the  lUctorj-,  East  LavanL, 
Sussex,  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  H.  I^gge,  a  ion. 
—  In  Edioburrh,  the  lady  of  Sir  H.  P.  H.  Camj^ 
bell,  Bart.  M.  P.  co.  Berwick,  a  dan.  —  At  ^ew- 
battlr  Abbey,  Dalkeith,  the  MarcbioneM  of  Lo- 
thian, a  dan.  —  At  the  Oaks,  Snney,  tbe  Udy  of 
Sir  Chtiles  Ed.  Grey,  a  ton. 

Feb.  I.  In  Upper  Brock  street,  tbe  lady  of 
Sir  John  M.  Burgoyne,  Bart,  a  dan.  —  At  Bone- 
hill,  SUfford»hire.  Lady  Jane  Peel,  a  sou.  — S.  At 
SkrocDt,  tlie  wife  of  J.'  W.  Braroitoo,  es<j.  M.P.  • 
son.  —  At  the  Moat  Ituut*.  Stockwell,  tJie  wife  of 
Mr.  AI<J.  Faiebroiber,  asnn.  —  At  Wortliiag,  the 
wife  if  the  Hon.  A.  R.  Tvrnour.  Capt.  R.N.  • 
dau.  —  6.  At  Grojvenor-placc,  the  wife  of  T.  W. 
Brauniont,  est).  M.  P.  a  son.  —  6.  At  BioKm 
llottse,  near  Ctrwkerne,  the  Couoleas  Pnulctl.  a 
son.  —  7.  lo  Guilford  tticct.  Lady  Pullark,  • 
(uin.  —  10.  At  Wcstbiook,  Herts,  Lady  Georgiann 
nydpf,  a  son.  —  It,  In  Delgrave-sq.  lli«  wifo  «t 
hicli..rd  Sanderson,  esq.  M.P.  ■  son.  —  l».  Al 
Readibi,  tli»  wife  ot  the  Rev.  C.  Mackenitr,  ■ 
son. 


I 


A 


^ 


1833.] 


Marriages. 


317 


MARRIAGES. 


Per-  8.  At  St.  l.can»r'J'i,  Ixindog,  Francit 
HudvLia,  e«(].  Out  Kegt.  to    Louiia,  lerood   d«u. 

Mf  ina  lute  J.  EmIaLIc  Hii1tn]clC,e»q. B.  At  St. 

AIsrytetHiur  Church,  A.  Ciowe,  ctq.  E.l.C.  to  M«- 
lildtt  ILmmciiur,  tiiird  dau.  of  P.  Trtievaat,  etq. 

ol  ClieiUr-terracr,    Keg«Dl's-park. B.    At   St. 

Janio's  LoDdnn,  G«o.  Mauoiag,  eldett  mq  of 
Henry  M«&niu(,  eiq.of  WonfordUouu,  to  Emma 
JauF,  dau.  <iF  Ihe  late  Wm.  \',  Jouei,  e*q.  uf  As- 
liuni-|)jiik,  Kent.  —  10.  Ucnoit  Samuel,  ifmi. 
of  Maoover-lcrrace,  Begent't-paik,  lo  Amelia, 
youii|:i:]t  d«u.  Ol  ii.  M.  Samuel,  cK|.  of  Park* 
ciT'KeaC.  —  tt.  At  FoLrbroolc,  co.  NurtliampCoo, 
IJip  Rev,  H,  Ttevor  VVhvier,  Kettur  of  Berkeley, 
la  Charlotte,  dau.  of  llieHev.  Cha.  E.  liliam.  — 
Dr.  Spurgm,  of  Ciuilford  iirrtt,  Hut»ell-tq.  to 
Hoae,  only  dau.  of  John  Duwo,  otq.  —  Ai  Toft 
Monk*.  Nnrfolk,  H.  J.  Haylci  Bond,  tit\.  M.  L>. 
to  Mary,  dau.  uf  the  lalo  W.  Ca/peuier,  oq. 
.iiid  niece  of  tJte  tate  Reai-Adni.  Sir  hUlw,  Berry. 

—  At  ClidoD,  £dw.  iiyiDoaUl,  e»q.  of  Aibildgr, 
8omrr»etihlrr,  to  Elia^,  fuurlb  dau.  of  the  l«la 
Major  II.  Broomr,  Oublio.  —  At  Scapletoo,  near 
]iik»lol,  Gilbert  F.  G.  Matliuoo,  e*q.  of  Itie  Hoyal 
Mint,  t<j  Elui.  only  dau.  cT  Uio  late  Lieut  (Jul. 
Jones  Oreme,  ol  Oidbury  Court.  - —  At  Keoting. 
ton,  Fred.  MilrheJil,  esq.  al  Hatlcmen-,  Su.-rey,  lu 
Madeliaa  Forbes,  dau.  of  N.  1],  Smith,. e»q.  of  Ueer- 
holts-hall,  Sufloit.  —  17.  Al  West  Mallin;,  Kent, 
the  Ket.  Edw.  Jonn,  of  Colmar,  Hants,  to  Ella. 
JirnDiD(>,  eldest  dau.  of  Mrs.  Baker,  of  West 
Halhnil.  —  IS.  At  Plnmstrad,  Henry  A.  Horotby, 
esq.  Madras  Aiiiiy,  to  Eliia  Frances,  eldest 
dau.  «f  Capt.  MauttalD,  K.  A. 

Jan.  I.  AC  fiiisluj,  tliD  Rev.  R.  J.  Charlcton, 
D.O.  Vicar  of  Olvriion,  to  Caroline,  eldest  dau. 
of  the  lale  Rev.  John  Sihlev.  —  At  St.  Paocras, 
the  Rev.  C.  Wliarton,  U  U.  uV  Lower  Uillob,  Wor- 
<e«terihtcr,  to  Anne,  eldest  daa.  of  the  Inte  Uev. 
J.  Fopc,  Vicar  of  Great  StaughioA,   HuDUngdsb. 

—  At  BromsgruTe,  the  Key.  F.  Orpen  Murrii, 
lo  Aone,  sernnd  dau.  of  the  late  Cha.  Sanders, 
esq.  —  At  Hoior,  Cnl.  )lanlcy,  Adj.-gen.  of  the 
Pope't  Forces,  to  Hariiei  Maria,  sec.  dau.ol  the 
lata  Wm.  Treachard,  esq.  ofTtuoloo.  — (S.  At 
Siilllingford,  near  Exeter,  the  Kit.  II.  T.  EIL- 
rrtmbr,  of  BiUoa,  Gluurestegshire,  to  Charlotte, 
dan.  of  the  Rev.  H.  PaJk  Welland.  —  At  Le»- 
l<e-hou>c,  CO.  File,  II.  Hu(h  Courtenty,  esq.  lo 
Lady  Aooa  Maria  Leshr,  sister  to  the  Earl  of 
KoLhcs.  —  At  fiisham,  Jnho  Aldridfe,  e»q.  Bar- 
rister, to  Geortina  Emma  Mary,  dau.  of  T. 
W'ethcred,  of  Great  Marlow,  esq.  —  7.  The  Kev, 
G.  Writs,  Rector  of  Wislon,  Sussex,  to  France*, 
dan.  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Balurd,  LL.t>.  —  At 
NunehaiD,  Lord  N'orreyi,  cldcii  »oa  of  the 
Earl  of  Atilngiton,  to  M>»*  Harcuurt,  only  child 
of  Geo.  Ilaicourt.  esq.  eldest  son  of  Llie  Arch- 
bishop or  Vurk.  —  B.  Al  Cheltenham,  Capt.  R. 
Watts.  Madras  Army,  to  Margaret  Carter,  eldest 
dau.  of  W.  HiTcourt  Carter,  esq.  of  N'ew.park,  co, 
Dublin.  —  At  Inverness,  Capt.  II.  MackeuLir, 
Bengal  amy.  third  too  of  the  late  Sir  II.  Mac- 
kenxie,  Bart,  to  Maty  Lydia.  eldest  dau.  of  Major- 
Geo.  Sir  11.  Fraser.  —  At  BaUivick,  the  Re?.  J. 
Bliaa,  to  Emily,  third  dau.  of  J.  Clayton,  esq.  of 
Enfield  Old  I'srk,  .M  ddlesex.  —  y.  Al  Maple. 
d«rham,  UxXord,  Denis  Le  Merchant*  e»q.  eldest 
too  of  Uie  late  Major-Gen.  Le  Merchant,  to  Sa- 
rah Eli£i,  lf>urUi  dau.  of  the  late  Cha.  Smith, 
esq.  of  Sutton),  Essex.  —  IS.  At  Uaowell,  the 
Her.  T.  Vorcs,  to  Elii.-Flomlcy,  dau.  of  the  Rev. 
S.  Ji:nkins,  of  Locking.  Somerset.  —  At  At>e/|e- 
ley.  North  W^les.  Vise.  Frankfort  De  MooCmo- 
renry.  lo  Oeorgtna  Frcderira,  dau.  of  Fctcr  Fill 
Gtblma  Heuekey,  esq.  of  Mcrilon-sq.  Dublin. — 
13.  At  Talaton,  G.  Templer.  «sq.  uf  Whitehkl), 
Devon,  lo  Charlotte,  eld.  dau.  of  Sir  John  Ken- 
uaway,  Bart.  —14.  At  Bloomsbury  Church,  W, 


Peter,  son  of  T.  Capreo],  esq.  of  8t.  Oniett,  to 
Mary  Ana  KIie.  eldest  dau.  of  James  Hanaard, 
ey|.  of  Soulhamptou-st.  bluomsbUiy.»q.  —  l», 
AtOlfcbufch.  (o.  Warwick,  the  Rev.  E.  A.  WaU 
ler,  soa  of  -Sir  Walhen  Waller,  Twnkrnham,  lo 
Milt  Louisa  Wise,  dau.  of  tlie  Kcv.  H.  Wise.  — 
At  Wiofurd.  C.  li.  Beddoes,  etq.  K.  N.  to  CecUitt 
Charlotte,  >ec.  dau.  of  the  Rev.  J.  Eagles.  —  At 
Cubrrt,  the  Rev.  S.  M.  Walker,  vicar  of  St. 
Elkoder,  son  of  Lieut.^jea.  Walker,  lo  Maria, 
eldest  dau.  of  R.  lloskio,  esq.  of  Cirivick,  Corn- 
wall. —  At  Chester.  Wilson  D.  Wilson,  esq.  uf 
GJenarbarh,  Dumbailonshire,  to  Geoigina,  fourth 
dau.  of  the  Bishop  of  Cheslrr,  —  At  Wemyis 
Hall,  CO.  File.  W.  IJ.  Ficlden.ofthr  17th  Laacer», 
eldest  son  of  W.  Fieiden,  esq,.  M.  P.  to  Mary 
EUx.  dau.  uf  Uie  late  Col.  Wemyss.  —  19. 
At  Litlldun,  Major  Geo.  Gusta«u>  Tuite,  3d 
Dragooni,  lo  Miai  Dorothy  Wood.  —  23.  AC 
Balraskie,  Fitcshire,  Capt.  Somctville,  Scotch 
Greys,  to  Anna  Muiia,  youngest  dau.  of  late 
Major-Gen.  Sir  H.Torreos.  —  24.  At  St.  Mary- 
Ivbone  church,  Capt.  I',  W.  Braham,  7Hth 
Highlanders,  Co  Ann  clde«t  dau.  of  lli«  late 
J.  Pycrofi,  esq.  —  su.  At  Uldt>ury,  the  Rev. 
W.  May,  of  Meepje  Laoglord,  Wiln,  to  Char- 
lotte, second  dau.  of  the  late  R,  Dyer,  MD.  of 
Didmailon,  Gloucestershire.  —  llie  Rev.  T.  Chal- 
mers Stone,  of  Thames  Ditton,  to  Amelia  £li». 
Charlottr,  eldest  dan.  of  Allan  Mackeuzie,  nq. 
c»f  Woolwich.  — The  Kev.  Edw.  Ek-ncuwe,  to 
Ellen  Thrresa,  src^md  dau.  of  H.  Luca%  esq. 
ALD.  of  Brecon.  —  SO.  At  Sbenngham,  Norfolk, 
llie  Rev.  J.  R.  Pigoct,  Virar  of  North  .Marstoa, 
Bucks,  to  Emma,  second  dau.  of  the  UtC  A.  Up- 
cber,  of  Sberingham,  esq. 

Feb,  3.  Ac  All  SobIs,  Langliam.place,  the 
fiaroD  Paul  Louis  Jules  dc  Peyronnet,  to  Geor- 
Xiana  Fiacces,  second  dau.  of  the  late  G.  Whit- 
field, esq.  —  Pierce  Somerset  Butler,  c»q,  eldest 
son  of  LicuC-Col.  the  Hon.  Pierce  BuClrr,  M.  P. 
of  BaliycDura,  Kilkenny,  to  JMsy-Anur,  (clict  of 
the  late  P.  A.  Warren,  uq.  of  Lodge  Park.  —  4. 
Al  Batli,  the  Rev.  J.  R.  PJiillotl,  to  Alicia  Cath. 
dau.  of  the  late  Hew.  H,  Mant,  D.D.  —  7.  At 
St.  George's,  Bloomsbury.  the  Rev.  C.  Martyo, 
to  Clarissa,  fouitli  dau.  ot  the  late  Sir  C.  Flower, 
Bart,  —to  .  At  Thornham  Magna,  SuAulk,  TIso. 
LAvett,  of  Kernhill,  co.  Salop,  rsq.  to  the  Hon. 
Emily  Heooiker,  sister  lo  Lorii  Hc^aoikei.  —  At 
Coloe,  Edw.  fifery,  esq.  second  son  of  SirH. 
Every,  of  Egguton  Hall,  tii  Klu.  only  child  of 
Tho.  Claytou,  esq.  of  Carr  Hall.  —  At  Si.  Sepul- 
elire's,  Mr  H.  Shaw,  of  Fetter- lane,  lo  Elm.  eld. 
dau.  of  Vincent  Figgioi.  esq.  of  West  street.  — 
II.  At  EdmoQsham,  [Kirset,  W.  R.  Bailey,  eaq. 
of  Lyocombe,  near  Bath,  to  Flora  Bower,  dau. 
of  the  late  Lieul.-Gen.  Monro,  —  At  Kyde,  Isle 
of  Wight,  Capt.  Netherton  Langford,  R.N.  to 
Carohoe,  eldest  diu.  Of  lh«  late  Hon.  and  Rev. 
Aiclid.  St.  Leger.  —  l^.  At  Leamington  Spa, 
the  Uev.  Edw.  Lewis,  of  Llaobedrr,  co.  Brecon, 
to  CharloUe  Anriol,  dau.  of  the  late  Edw.  Aurtol 
Hay  Drummond,  D.D.  Dean  of  Buckinj,  and 
brother  «f  the  late  Earl  of  Kinooul.  —  17.  At 
St.  Pantrai,  John  Moifoid  Cottle,  esq.  of  Lea- 
miogtoD,  to  Mana,  dau.  of  the  late  Uicliard 
lloolon,  esq.  of  Chester-place,  Regeol's-park.  — 
At  HaftbuiD  church,  Sorthumbeilaad,  Henry 
MonloDuirr  Hawkins,  esq.  (eldest  son  of  the  late 
AJil.  Hawkins,  esq.  M.D.  of  the  Gacr,  co,  Moom.) 
to  Jane,  only  dau.  of  Jas.  Fenwickc,  evq.  of  Long, 
witton  hall.  —  IS.  At  Aston,  Warw.  O.  Pearson, 
esq.  to  EloisB,  only  dau.  of  J.  Turner,  esq.  of 
Sisley-croll,  Erdingioo.  —  19.  At  ChigweJl,  Henry- 
Haurork,  esq.  of  Harley-street.  to  Rachel- Ann, 
dau.  of  the  Ul«>  J.  W.  Burford,  U.  D.  Virar  of 
Pelhatn  Kuroeaux,  Herts.  —  At  Old  Swiniord, 
Wore.  John  Uoett,  Jun.  of  Scboelld  House, 
Warw.  esq.  to  CaiuUoe,  dau,  of  the  late  John 
Pidcock,  esq.  of  tii«  PlalU,  Sufford. 


b. 


318 


[Marcb. 


OBITUARY. 


I'.K  Ri    Hon.  R.  p.  Carew. 
.'^•*.    *.     AjcvJ  H*.  the   Rijjht   Ho«. 
K-..;i:i^M  I'vU-  C»rv\v,i»f  Antmiy  House, 
V,  -..ota.l,   »  \^'i\v   I'ttunriliur/F.R.S. 
A-.1  t.S.  A. 

Hv  %»»-«  iIk>  c)Jo>t  son  of  RogituUd 
tVv«  v>(  Sukkc  iViniort'l,  in  Devonshire, 
t^M^.  titMiUMm  \>f  Sir  John  Volt,  the 
ik;TU  lUrc.  \}i  Shntf,  in  lK>vonshire)  by 
\iiitt'.  »x\\ukI  tUiiuhtrr  of  Juhn  Fruicis 
liu!U-<,  ot  M(»r\-«V  iu  l^oniw-all,  esq. 
.  \»i  hi«Ki\>rh«>r.tlM[>latt>  Adm.  Sir  Charies 
XKu^x'  I\>I«^  IWi.  Mid  (t.C.B.,  «nd 
hk.it>v)l\  \|  l*«  t\»r  Plvmonlh,  a  mentoir 
\\tll  tv  ty*\\i\\\  in  th^  ( irntlonuin'a  .Maga- 
ktt»%,  \«>).  « .  It    |t)(i.> 

t.»l\  III  III'  ho  t»<ik  th»»  iiamp  of 
\:t>%-i%.  Ml  Attiti'uMi  lo  t)-'t  of  INito, 
(•u>>iMiii  u»  i}h>  will  i«;  Sir  Corcntry 
iii>vx«,  «>l  Aii^Mi%.  lio  wus  tirst  re> 
(uii',-<l  lo  l*«HiiiiMoiU  ui  ^iMV  I7H7  us 
\4.'Uitvi  liur  H«>ii:«t««  .V(  lii>*  trrntTal 
%kv«itMi  »U  I  ?»H>  ho  XM**  fhi'^on  for  Lost- 
>tilKK-l.  Hiid  «t  th««  «»)uniiitc  or  tlio  M'sMon 
Iv  u^i^vd  iho  MtliiiVM  lo  ihr  Kiiii;;  in 
I  i>H*  ho  w«M  «»)v«M«^l  t'««r  I  "oxvi'v,  uiiii  re- 
k^(u«>d  h\»  Hisit  in  ,liino  I  i;*;l  nil  lu'iii); 
4i>iH>iut«Hl  UII0  ul'  lh«<  .\ii«liitii»  ill  the 
|*uh)it-  ActHiuiilM. 

At  (ho  t^nrml  vlivU<>ii  ««t  iHt)^.  ha- 
\iii^  ivUniiuiahvd  I  hut  i<lii>'o,  in*  was 
i^fkiu  v-h«>»«*ll  tor  KuM«>vi  Hiul  in  Aug. 
liikVi  Mai  «|i|i(ti>ii«H|  I'lNhT  Svrrt>taryof 
\Mit>  tw  lhi»  lliuHi'  l>i<|tnrnni'iit,  which 
\uii\ «' ho  u^^ilimHl  «in  lhi<  lormiiMtiun  of 
\ki>  VUihimUKi  H«(iiiiiiiMirNiioit  in  the 
H^MowiHtl  \t<«n  On  tho  ikh  of  Jan. 
(vav*  h><  \\i(«  iiMiMU  tt  nirntbcr  of  the 
INiw  \  vumtl.  Ui>  x^ao  iv>(>Ut*t(>d  fur 
»\t\\«v  Ul  )^tlHt  and  liir  l<<wtxvithirl  in 
t{«KS  hni  iviuvd  IWHii  (tnbtio  lifv  u  year 

\|i,  \'au>w   xxHi  Iwii'o  nmriiod:  firat, 

,. ,  .ht'  l*(lh  N«i\-  I  t'HK  to  Joniimn,  only 

Vikhiti    and  ho(t-  ol    I  ho    lion.    John 

\.  V,  <ou>ih  »i>M  of   l,onl  I'baiireUor 

:1  V  v\\iilii«>,  W>  xxhwn  ho  hud  iKsiie  two 

td  itx%>  dauKhtoM:   1.  Charlotte; 

...   \  .>.m.t.  -t  Jxtaoidt  l*ul«  Carexv,  esq. 

v^\     isx-ku'd  in   MtO  (Woline,  second 

V  ,^\.^«  ^>i  .Kdia   K)U)^  of    Mamhead 

Jy"',^   »»  IV\«uiahtrt.«.  o»q. ;  4.   Eliia- 

y^  \     \     W*«''**<  ^   AiuuMtbel;   and  7. 

.  >.    ^^^-H>\^i<  xkl>^  diod  in  1804,  in  bis 

\  NvM        Uuxing  Kwt  his  first  wife 

\   ■  \  '■*'\  ^'«  CiMWW  married  2dly 

Vv      V  *-<i<S  ^^Kt  lU>u.  C«rolinc-Anne 

^      .    ^  V»to*vf  wi    WiUiam-Hcnry 

'  *o^\vtww  and   MSttT  to  the 

.  ,  Si  vvlkMU  he  had  another 

s      ..    .  <,...■  «v>aiv'  daughtent,  oncof 


whom.  Fiances  Antonia,  mMBBarrifdoa 
the  3l8t  of  December  last,  to  ioxfk 
Vorlte,  esq.  of  Fortbainptoa  Coart. 
Gloucestershire,  second  cousin  t«  her 
father's  first  wife. 


Rt.  Hon.  Jauks  FrrzGERatB. 
Jan.  22.  At  Booterstown.  ro  DuMm, 
aged  93,  the  Hon.  James  FitzGeiaU.  % 
Prix7  Councillor,  and  senior  Kini^ 
Counsel  in  Ireland ;  father  of  Lord 
Fitz  Gerald  and  Vesey. 

He  xx'as  descended  from  a  branch  of 
the  family  of  the  White  Knight,  seated 
at  Castle' Com,  CO  Cork.  He  was  called 
to  the  Irish  Imr  in  1769,  and  in  a 
brief  spaiv  of  time  attained  high  profes- 
siunul  bonoiirs..  In  1784-  be  xn-a*  pro- 
moted to  the  dignity  of  the  Kin|:'( 
Prime  Serjestnt,  xrbich  ofii(*e  l>e  held  till 
the  Union.  He  became  a  Member  of 
the  Irish  Parliament  in  1772,  and  was 
the  first  who  proposed  a  Bill  for  the 
relief  of  the  Ivoman  Catholics  success- 
fully carried  in  1782;  by  xx-hich  they 
xvere  freed  from  some  of  the  severest 
restrictions  of  the  Penal  Code.  After 
the  Union  he  whs  returned  fi\-e  sncres- 
sire  times  to  the  Imperial  Parliament 
as  the  representatix'e  of  Ennis.  He 
lived  a  loiifc  consistent  life — the  princi- 
ples he  embraced  in  his  youth  he  die- 
rished  in  his  age.  His  eloquence  xiras  of 
the  purest  style,  and  the  tone  of  bis 
voice  so  harmonious,  that  he  xiras  called 
the  tUvcr-tonsMcd  Prime  Serjeant. 

He  married  in  1782,  Catharine,  second 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Vesev,  who 
xxTis  cousin-gerraan  to  John  first  Lord 
Knapton,  the  grandfather  of  the  present 
Viscount  de  Veaci,  they  both  beii^ 
grandsons  of  the  Most  Rev.  John 
yesey.  Lord  Archbishon  of  Tuam,  who 
died  ill  1716.  This  Lady  was  created  a 
Peeress  of  Ireland  in  the  year  1826, 
by  the  title  of  Baroness  FittOcmld  and 
Vescy,  and  died  Jan.  5,  1832,  having  hud 
issue  three  sons  and  four  daugbtera  (enu- 
merated  in  the  Gentleman's  Magaxine 
for  Jan.  1838,  p.  79)  of  whom  the  elder 
surviving  son  is  the  Rt.  Hon.  William 
Lord  l-iU  Gerald  and  Vesey,  on  xvhom  a 
baronyof  the  United  Kingdom  has  recently 
been  conferred ;  the  younger  son  is  the 

*?.°n-  »"*  Y."^  ^^■-  H"'ry  Vesey 
l-it»Gerald,  Dean  of  Kilmore :  the  eldest 
daughter  »  the  xvifc  of  Sir  Ross  Mahon, 
Bart.;  the  second,  of  il,e  Hon.  Mr. 
Baron  ^orster  cousin  to  Viscount  Fer- 
nurd  ;  and  the  third  is  unmarried. 


1835] 


OfftTiwnr.— Sir   If.  Keppvl. — Adtn.  Dundas, 


3ig 


Gkn.  the  Rt.  Hok.  Sui  W,  Kkitsl. 

Drc.  10.  ;\t  I'liri*,  tl»e  Riiiht  Hon. 
Sir  Willintn  Keppel,  G.C.B,  a  I'rh7 
CoiiiipilUir.  a  Gencml  lu  the  army,  Go- 
venicr  of  Guernsey,  and  Coloiiel  ut'  ib« 
2d  foot. 

H4'  «ns  njipointed  Captain  of  the  2'it\ 
iiHiX  in  1778.  Lieut.- C"oI«i>el  of  the  93i!. 
17^3,  folMiifl  17(4,  (olunel  of  the  3d 
\Wst  Jiidiii  r<'puieiit  I7yj,  Major-Cien. 
liflG,  Liiut -Cien.  I8(>3,  Coloni-l  Tom. 
inutiiiiiiit  of  till?  4tli  liHttitlion  of  tlic  (>t>th 
reijt.  IHM;.  folonel  ijf  the  67tb  foot  iHll, 
(.iem-ral  181.3,  uiid  ('ok»ncl  of  tlif  'iA 
foot  1828.  Hp  w'u.s  appointed  Guvtruof 
of  (luernsey,  and  sworn  of  the  Priv^ 
Connril  Nov.  16,  1H27. 

Ill  early  life  lie  served  in  North  Ainc- 
ricu,  and  jiftt- nvards  in  the  We»l  Indies, 
lie  Mil}*  u  jterxHiul  frier«d  of  his  kite 
MajtRty,  and  for  mrniy  years  bfld  the 
hoiiuoiiible  post  of  one  of  hi*  Equerries. 
Me  wiiH  invested  wiih  the  ribbon  of  the 
Uuth,  before  the  enlurpemeiit  of  thiit 
tirder,  on  the  li.t  Feb.  Ibl3. 

Sir  William  Keppcl  has  bcquenthei]  hi« 
property  to  his  relative  the  Euil  of 
Albenuirle. 


Reaii-Aom.  TUi;  Hon.  Geo,  Ditndas. 

fIcU  6.  Ac  UplcutLani  park.  York- 
shire, the  ficnt  o(  his  nephew  the  lion. 
Thumus  Itundas,  M.  P.  aged  50,  the  Hon. 
(ieorge  Ueneage  Lawrence  Dundaji, 
B*-ur.Adniir*il  of  the  Bine,  and  one  of 
the  Commissi uners  of  the  Admiralty; 
brother  to  Lord  Dnndas. 

Tbiii  gentleinuii  \va.<)  bom  Sept.  8. 
177b,  the  fourth  son  of  Thomas  the 
rirst  Lord  DiinduH,  by  I^dy  (harlotto 
FklicWilliiun,  frci-otid  daiigbleruf  William 
third  Eiirl  Fit2  William. 

He  vraa  Kervin);  a.s  l^icutenunt  on 
l;o«rd  the  Queen  Charlotte  at  the  time 
of  (be  fiitul  eoiitlugiuiioii  of  that  noble 
i>bip.  On  this  distrcNining  occasion  be 
exerted  himself  to  the  utmost  in  endea- 
vouring to  ijueneh  the  tkmes  staying 
on  the  lower  deck  even  till  some  of  the 
middledeek  puns  broke  tlirou|;h  from 
overhead;  when,  IJnding  it  impossible  to 
Tciniiiit  itny  lonjs'er,  Ite  went  out  at  the 
bridle. |Ki4t,  and  gained  the  forecastle, 
tit  that  perilous  t^iiuation  he  continued 
idMtit  an  hour;  and  then,  finding  all 
eifortj  to  extinguitih  the  lire  unavailing,  he 
Kaped  from  the  jib-boom  cud,  und  t'Wam 
to  uji  American  boat.  But  there  were 
lost  iHJ  fewer  than  ()73  out  of  a  comple> 
mcnt  of  Kt<)  men,  and  one  of  the  tiiic»l 
tbix'e-deckcrii  in  the  British  tleeC. 

The  peat  intrepidity  of  Lieut,  fun- 
dus duniig  tills  diuistcr,  scctuvd  iiim  pro 


I  The  I 

L         das  dun 


ferment,  and  he  was  appointed  to  the 
C^tlpe  li,  und  ftutioned  at  Gibraltiir  to 
tiiiiitX.  canvoysi.  In  that  little  ve.sH«l,  he 
wu.'t  with  Sir  J«inei»  Snuinarez  in  the 
actions  vtntb  the  rombined  sriuiidrons  on 
the  (;th  and  \'M\\  of  Jidy  IHOI.  and  on 
both  ocrusiotis  riecived  the  tlianks  of  the 
Lonimander-in  rliji'f.  ishortly  alter  be 
made  himself  so  particularly  useful  to 
Capt.  Ki'ats,  in  securing  the  San  Antonio 
74,  after  her  surrender,  that  he  was  sent 
fo  En^'lnnd  in  her,  where  he  received 
i\^t  rank  Aug.  3  in  the  Kainc  year,  to- 
eiiable  him  to  retain  her  command. 

Alicr  the  peace  of  JMy,  (.jiptwin  Dun- 
das appears  to  have  had  no  comriiHiid  until 
Feb.  iHUa,  when  he  was  iippuinted  to  tb« 
tjucbec  frigate.   In  the  following  January 
he  removed  into  the  Euryidun   .'J8,  und 
joined  the  fleet  under  CoUingwootl,  wttbi 
which   he  remained  to  the  close  of  IWJTt 
Sliortiy  lifter  be  brought  several  nieinbcrt 
of  the  French  roy:il   family  to  England} 
and  was  otherwi<ie  em|>loy<-d  in  the  Bid- 
lie.     Ill  1609  the  Eurjalus  was  one  of ' 
the  armanvcnt  seJiC  to   Wujcheren ;   she 
afterwards  cruized  in  the  Channel  uittil 
the  spring  of  18tU,  and  then  joined  the 
Mediterrunean  fleet.     In   the  autumn  uf  { 
lUlS^,  Ca|>t.   iMindas  was  obliged  to  quit' 
tlii»  fttvuuite  Ingate,  to  a$.«>ui)ie  the  com-^1 
luuiid  of  the  Edinburgh  74,  in  which  he 
v^fls  very  actively  engaged   un  the  coa.<«t8 
of  Italy,  until  the  terminaliuii  of  hos- 
tiiities. 

He  was  nominated  o  Companion  of 
the  Bath  on  the  cnlaTgement  of  th« 
Order  in  Jiiii.  Ibl5  He  Mibsequently 
6at  in  Parliamenc  for  the  island;)  of] 
Orkney  and  Shetland  during  the  Purlia* 
ments  of  1818  20  und  lH2G-:iU.  Hp) 
Wa8  promoted  to  the  rank  of  iiear-Ad- 
luirai  ut  the  pruinotion  which  took  placa 
ou  the  acceivfiion  of  his  present  Majesty; 
aud  became  a  Lord  of  tlie  Admiralty  oa 
the  formation  of  Lord  Grey's  cabinet  in- 
the  same  year. 

His  death  was  very  sudden.     He  had 
Iw-cn  ut  the  fete  at  Wentworth  House,  iii^ 
comineiuoration  of  the   majority  of  bj|i 
nephew,  Lord    Milton,  and  bad   arrived 
at  IJpleuthum  on  the  day  bvfore  bis  death.] 
The   following   day  he  was  as  well 
usual,  and  had  been  viewing  a  farm  which 
he  bad  in  his  own  occupation  at  Gui»bo> 
rough,  and  returned  to    L'plentbam-halfij 
to  dinner;  shortly  afterwards  he  retired,] 
und  the    family  tninking  him  long,  weafj 
und  found  him  bitting  in  a  state  of  inbei: 
sibiiity.      He  was  iiniuediutcly  remove 
to  l)cd,  aiul  lingered  on  until  twelve,  wbes^ 
he  expired,  having  never  spoken  from  tt 
firat.     He  has  died  a  bachelor. 


320     Gen.  Stt^yUm. — Sir  W.  Maryoribanks. — Sir  R.  Price.      [March. 


Major-Gen.  thk  Hon.  G.  A.  C. 
Stafylton. 

Dec.  2.  At  Beckenbam,  Kent,  aged 
77,  the  Hon.  Granville  Anson  Chet- 
wynd  Stapylton,  a  retired  Major- General, 
Chairman  of  the  Victualling  Office,  and 
Storekeeper  at  Sheemess;  uncle  to 
Viscount  Chetwynd. 

He  was  born  Sept.  25,  1758,  the 
fourth  and  youngest  son  of  William 
fourth  Viscount  Chetwynd,  by  Susan, 
nah,  youngest  daughter  of  Sir  Jonathan 
Cope,  Bart.  He  was  appointed  Ensign 
in  the  2d  foot  1773,  and  subsequently 
Lieutenant  and  Captain  in  the  same 
corps.  In  1794  he  attained  the  brevet 
of  Major ;  and  was  afterwards  appointed 
to  a  company  in  the  38th  foot.  He 
served  on  board  the  Channel  deet  under 
Lord  Howe,  and  in  Ireland  during  the 
rebellion.  In  1807  he  was  removed  from 
the  38th  foot  to  the  6th  foot ;  obtained 
the  brevet  of  Lieut.- Colonel  1808,  of 
Colonel  1814s  and  of  Major- General 
1 825.  He  bad  the  command  as  Colonel 
of  the  York  Fencibles  and  the  15th  Gar- 
rison Battalion ;  and  was  for  some  time 
Assistant  Adjutant-general  in  England, 
and  also  Paymaster  and  Inspector  of 
Marines.  In  1817  be  was  appointed  • 
Commissioner  of  the  Victualling  Board. 
He  was  also  a  Groom  of  the  Bedcham- 
ber to  the  Duke  of  Kent. 

He  married  July  29,  1783,  Martha, 
only  daughter  of  the  late  Henry  Stapyl- 
ton, of  Wighill,  CO.  York,  esq.  and  in 
consequence  took  the  surname  of  Stapyl- 
ton, bv  royal  sign  manual  By  this  lady, 
who  died  Nov.  20,  1822,  he  had  issue 
two  sons  and  sixdaughten:  1.  Harriet- 
Honoru;  2.  Charlotte,  who  died  an 
infant;  3.  Major  Hennr- Richard  Sta- 
pylton, who  married  in  1820,  Maigaret, 
daughter  of  George  Hammond,  esq.  and 
has  several  children ;  4.  Esther  Susan- 
nah ;  5.  Maigaret ;  6.  Diana-  Clarissa, 
married  in  1824<  to  Peter  Mere  Latham, 
M.D.  and  died  in  the  following  year ; 
7.  Augusta,  who  died  in  1824;  and  8. 
Granville- William,  bora  hi  1800. 


Sib  W.  Mabjoribanks,  Bart. 

Sept.  22.  At  Cheltenham,  in  bis  42d 
year.  Sir  William  Maijoribanks,  the  se- 
cond Baronet,  of  the  Lees,  co.  Berwick 
(1815). 

He  was  the  second  but  eldest  sur- 
viving son  of  the  late  Sir  John  Maijori- 
banks, the  first  Baronet,  M.P.  for  co. 
Berwick,  who  died  Feb.  5^  1833,  (and  of 
whom  a  memoir  will  be  found  in  the 
Gentleman's  Magazine,  vol.  ciii.  i.  371) 
by  Allison,  eldest  daughter  of  William 
Ramsay,  of  Bamton,  co.  Midlothian, 
esq. ;  and  cider  brother  to  the  late  Charles 
12 


Maijoribanks,  esq.  also  M.  P.  for  ro. 
Berwick,  and  an  East  India  Director 
who  died  Dec.  3,  1833. 

Sir  William  Maijoribanks  was  for- 
merly a  Captain  in  the  naval  service  of 
the  East  India  Company.  lie  married 
Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  Henry  Stone, 
esq.  banker,  of  London:  by  whom  be 
bas  left  a  daughter,  who  was  not  a  month 
old  at  the  time  of  bis  death,  having  been 
born  on  the  27th  of  Augnat  lost ;  but; 
we  believe,  no  male  issue ;  and  the  Ba- 
ronetcy has  consequently  devolved  on  his 
only  surviving  brother,  David,  late  a 
merchant  in  London,  wlio  married,  last 
year,  Mary- A  nne- Sarah  Robertson,  of 
Lndykirk,  eldest  daughter  of  Sir  Tbomai 
Hflgeerston,  Bart,  and  Margaret,  only 
daughter  of  William  Roberta<Hi,  of  Lady- 
kirk,  esq. 


Sir  Rose  Price,  Bart. 

Sept.  29.  At  Trengwaiaton,  near  Pen- 
zance, in  his  66th  year,  Sir  Roae  Prioe^ 
of  that  place,  Bart. 

Sir  Rose  Price  was  descended  fram 
Capt.  Francis  Price,  a  Welchman,  who 
settled  in  Jamaica  after  assistii^  in 
the  conquest  of  that  island  in  1655. 
His  great-unde.  Sir  Charles  Price,  was 
for  many  yean  Speaker  of  the  Jamaica 
House  of  Assembly ;  on  his  resignation 
of  which  office,  in  1763;  his  son  was  im- 
mediately elected  in  his  place.  A  Ba- 
ronetcy wras  conferred  on  the  former  in 
1768,  which  became  extinct  widi  his  son, 
also  Sir  Charles,  in  1788b 

Sir  Rose  Price  M'as  the  onlv  surviving 
son  of  John  Price,  esq.  who  died  at  Pen- 
zance in  1797,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
John  Brammar,  esq.  of  St.  John's,  Ja- 
maica. 

A  baronetcy  was  conferred  on  this 
gentleman,  b^  patent  dated  May  30,  1815. 
He  married  in  1796,  Elizabeth,  youngest 
daughter  and^  coheiress  of  Charles  Lam- 
b^irt,  of  Beaupork,  co.  Meath,  esq.  and 
aister  to  the  late  Frances- Thomasina 
Countess  Talbot.  By  that  lady,  who  died 
Dec.  2,  1826,  he  had  issue  five  sons  and 
eight  daughters :  1.  Rose  Lambart  Price, 
esq.  who  married  in  1824,  Catharine 
Countess  dowager  of  Desart,  eldest 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Maurice  Nu- 
gent O'Connor,  esq.  and  died  in  Jan. 
r826,  leavingan  only  child,  Maria;  2.  Sir 
Charles  Dotton  Price,  who  has  suc- 
ceeded to  the  title  ;  be  was  born  in  1800, 
and  is  a  Lieutenant  in  the  Royal  Navy; 
3.  Francis,  a  Lieut,  in  the  19th  foot ;  4. 
Elizabeth- Mary;  5.  Charlotte;  6.  Emily; 
7.  John;  8.  Agnes;  9.  Anne;  10. 
Gcoi]ge;  11.  Julia;  12.  Louisa- Douglas^ 
13.  Thomas;  and  14.  Jane- Frances. 


1835.]  Adms.  Palmer  and  Crawleif.—Lt.'Gen.  Sir  H.  de  Henuher.    321 


Adh.  G.  Palmer. 

Aug.  ...  At  his  residence,  near  Esher, 
Admiral  George  Palmer. 

This  officer  attained  the  rank  of  Post 
Captain  Jan.  IB,  1783.  In  the  spring  of 
1791  be  was  appointed  to  the  Perseus  of 
80  guns,  and  shortly  after  sent  to  the 
West  Indies.  In  Nor.  1795  he  com- 
manded  the  Lion,  of  CI  guns,  in  the 
Irish  Channel;  which  was  one  of  the 
squadron  driven  back  to  Spitliead  by 
•tormy  weather,  in  Jan.  1796.  He  after, 
wards  commanded  the  Adventure  of  44 
guns  on  two  decks.  He  was  promoted 
to  the  rank  of  Rear- Admiral  1804^ 
Vice- Admiral  1810,  and  Admiral  1819. 

Admiral  Crawley. 

Nov.  4.  At  Waterhouse,  near  Bath, 
in  his  80th  year,  Edmund  Crawley,  esq. 
Admiral  of  the  White. 

This  officer  was  the  son  of  a  Purser 
in  the  Royal  Navy,  who  was  once  serving 
in  the  same  ship  of  the  line  which  his 
•on  was  commanding  as  Cnptain.  He 
entered  the  service  in  May  1769,  at  the  age 
of  13^  as  midshipman  onboard  the  Senegal, 
Capt.  Sir  T.  Rich,  Bart,  on  the  Halifax 
station.  He  was  afterwards  transferred 
to  tbe  Kingfisher,  Fowey,  Romney,  and 
Europe:  and  in  May  1778,  he  was  made 
Lieutenant  in  the  Cumwall  74,  to  which 
he  belonged  imtil  she  sunk  at  St.  Lucia, 
in  June  1780.  He  was  then  appointed 
second -Lieutenant  of  the  Solebuy,  em- 
]>k>yed  on  the  Irish  station.  North  Ame- 
tica,  and  in  the  British  Channel,  and 
from  iVIarcb  to  Dec.  178-  was  acting 
Commander  of  the  Savage  sloop-of- 
var,  on  tbe  coast  of  America  and  in  the 
West  Indies.  He  was  next  First  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Prince  George,  Cspt.  Wil- 
liams, bearing  the  flag  of  ReHr.Admiml 
IKgby,  at  the  period  when  the  present 
King  commeticed  his  naval  career  on 
board  that  ship. 

After  obtaining  the  rank  of  Com- 
mander  in  Sept.  1782,  he  was  appointed 
tuccessively  to  the  Caroline,  Albri6ne, 
and  Wasp,  on  tbe  American  station  and 
in  the  West  Indies;  where  he  was  a 
partaker  in  several  actions  under  Rodney 
and  other  Admirals. 

In  1790  Cdpt.  Crawley  obtained  his 
Post  rank  in  the  Sci]iiu,  but  did  not  fur- 
ther serve  in  that  ship.  In  1793  he  coni- 
oianded  the  Adventure  74,  and  con. 
ducted  a  large  convoy  to  Quebec;  and 
on  bis  return  was  appointed  to  the  Lion 
61,  in  which  be  lirst  joined  the  Channel 
division  under  Adm.  Christian,  forming 
one  of  the  ill-fated  expedition  to  the 
West  Indies,  and  afterwards  Adm.  Dun- 
can's fleet  on  tbe  North  Sea  station, 
where  he  continued  to  June  1797.     He 

GiNT.  Mag.  Vol.  III. 


then,  owing  to  his  health  becoming 
affected  by  a  course  of  nearly  thirty 
years*  active  service,  and  feeling  with 
much  acuteness  the  mutiny  at  the  Nore 
(though  the  Lion  was  the  last  ship  .to 
join  the  mutineers),  solicited  to  be  super, 
seded.  Thus  terminated  Capt  Craw. 
ley's  service  afloat. 

He  was,  however,  appointed  Agent 
for  Prisoners  of  War  at  Stapleton  in 
March  1805,  which  situation  he  conti- 
nued to  hold  until  promoted  to  the  rank 
of  Rear.  Admiral  in  Oct.  1809.  He 
became  Vire- Admiral  in  1814^  and  Ad. 
miral  in  I8:i0.  On  retiring  from  profes. 
sional  duty,  he  made  Bath  his  residence, 
where  be  wat  highly  respected.  His  son, 
the  Rev.  E.  J.  Crawley,  is  Perpetual 
Curate  of  the  Holy  Trinity  church  m  that 
city. 


Lt.-Gkn.  Sir.  H.  de  Henuber.  K.C.B. 

Dec.  ...  Lieut.. General  Sir  Henry  de 
Henuber,  K  C.B  and  K.C.G. 

The  services  of  this  oflicer  in  the  Bri. 
tish  army  commenced  in  1804  as  Lieut.. 
Colonel  of  the  third  battalion  of  the 
King's  German  Legion  In  tbe  follow- 
ing year  he  was  appointed  Colonel-com- 
mandant, and  in  1811  a  brevet  Major. 
General.  Af^er  serving  for  some  time 
on  the  staff  of  the  army  in  Sicily,  he  was 
sent  to  Spain,  where  in  June  1813  he 
was  appoint«>d  to  command  the  third 
battalion  of  tbe  King's  German  Legion 
as  the  1st  division  of  Infantry,  and  whs 
present  at  the  battle  of  the  Nive.  In 
1814,  it  fortunately  fell  to  his  lot  to  repel 
the  treacherous  aflair  at  Bayonne. 

He  afterwards  served  ut  Waterloo, 
and  for  his  conduct  in  that  ever  memo- 
rable battle  received  the  thanks  of  Par- 
liament. In  Jan.  1815  he  was  appointed 
an  honorary  Knight  Commander  uf  the 
Bath  ;  he  was  also  nominated  a  Knight 
Commander  of  the  Guelphic  Order  by 
his  late  Majesty ;  and  in  1819  obtained 
the  brevet  of  Lieut..  General. 


Lt..Gem.  Coghlan. 

Aug.  3.  At  Brighton,  Lieutenant. 
General  Roger  Coghlan. 

This  officer  commenced  his  career  in 
1779  in  the  Connaugbt  Rangers,  which 
he  joined  in  Jamaica,  and  then  removed 
in  the  following  year  into  the  60th  regi- 
ment, of  which  he  became  Adjutant  of 
the  first  battalion.  In  1783  be  was  (ilncod 
on  half-pay  as  Lieutenant;  but  having 
returned  to  full  pay  in  tbe  following  year, 
rejoined  the  regiment  in  1786  in  Jamaica, 
and  accompanied  it  in  1786  to  Nora 
Scotia.  In  Jan.  1788  he  purchased  a 
Coni(>any  in  the  66th,  which  he  joined  at 
St.  Vincent's,  and  thence  proceeded  in 
J,  T 


322     Lt.'Gem.  Cosfklam  and  Amutron^.—Capt.  Pil/oU,  C.B.     [Marcb, 

Cait.  Piltold,  C.B. 
Jidy  IS.   At  Stonebouae,  Devon,  J<^ 
Pilfold,  Esq.  a  Post  Oiptain  in  the  Rcml 
N«vt,  and  C.B. 

He  was  the  second  son  of  Charies 
Pilfold,  esq.  by  Bathia,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam White,  esq.  both  of  Horsham,  of 
which  town  he  was  a  native.  He  went 
fifst  to  sea  as  midshipman  in  the  Crown 
64)  in  which  he  continued  from  Oct. 
1788  until  her  return  from  the  East  In- 
dies in  May  1 798.  He  served  afterwards 
in  the  Brunswick  and  Queen  Charlotte; 
and  in  Feb.  1795  was  appointed  Lieut 
on  board  the  Russell  74,  in  which  he 
shared  in  the  action  off  f  Orient  in  the 
following  June.  His  next  appointment 
was  to  the  Kingfisher  sloop  ;  in  whidi 
be  assisted  in  the  capture  of  several  pri* 
vateers,  chiefly  on  the  Lisbon  station; 
and  in  1798  we  find  him  on  board  the 
Impetueux  78,  of  which  he  became 
First  Lieutenant  previous  to  its  beii^ 
paid  off  in  April  1808. 

In  1803  he  was  appointed  to  the  Hin- 
dostan  51,  and  subs^uently  to  the  Dra- 
gon and  Ajax  third-rates ;  of  which  last 
ship  be  was  First  Lieutenant  in  the  ac- 
tion off  Ferrol  July  22,  1805,  and  com- 
manding officer  in  the  glorious  victory  of 
Trafalgar,  his  Captain  being  absent  at  a 
Court-martial.  He  was  made  Post  Cap- 
tain, Dec.  25,  1805,  and  presented  with 
a  gold  medal  for  that  service.  In  1806 
an  honourable  augmentation  was  made  to 
his  arms  ;  and  his  name  was  on  the  first 
list  of  the  Companions  of  the  Bath.  Li 
1831  he  was  Captain  of  the  Ordinary  at 
Plymouth. 

He  married  June  20,  1803,  Mary- 
Anne- Homer,  dau.  of  Thomas  South, 
esq.  of  Donhead,  Wilts,  and  niece  to  the 
late  Thomas  Homer,  esq.  of  Mells 
Park,  Somerset ;  by  whom  he  had  issue 
two  daughters. 

[This  brief  memoir  of  a  meritorious 
officer,  whose  death  we  had  neariy  over- 
looked, is  abridged  from  a  longer  article 
in  Marshall's  Koyal  Naval  Bic^raphy, 
vol.  II.  pt.  n.  p.  963.] 

Capt.  Bugu,  R.N. 

Lately.  At  Southampton,  Captain 
Qeorge  Miller  Bligh,  RN. 

He  was  the  son  of  the  late  Adm. 
Sir  Richard  Rodney  Bligh,  G.C.B., 
under  whom  he  entered  the  Navy  in  1794, 
as  a  midshipman  on  board  toe  Alex- 
ander 74),  and  was  on  board  that  ship  when 
she  was  captured  Nov.  4,  that  year,  by  a 
French  squadron.  After  six  months* 
captivity,  he  effected  his  escape  from 
Brest,  and  subsequently  served  in  the 
Brunswick  74^  Agincourt  61-,  Quebec 
38,  and  Endymion  40;  from  which  last 


1793  to  Gibraltar.  In  1796  he , 
»  Majority  in  the  I34th,  and  was  ordered 
from  Gibraltar  to  join  that  regiment  at 
Dundee ;  before  his  arrival,  the.corpa  was 
reduced,  but  the  officers  were  eontinned 
off  full  pay.  He  accordimly  availed  him- 
self of  an  exchange  in  Jan.  1796  to  the 
eZd  r^ment,  then  at  St  Domingo,  and 
in  Draember  of  the  same  year  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  Lieut.- Colonelcy  of  the 
regiment,  the  first  Major  having  died  of 
a  wound,  and  both  Lieut.- Colonels  from 
the  yellow  fever.  The  few  survivors 
of  the  regiment  returned  to  England  in 
Nov.  1798. 

However,  during  the  following  year, 
through  the  exertions  of  Lient.-Cd. 
Coghlan,  the  regiment  was  completed  to 
about  1 100  rank  and  file,  principally  by 
draughts  from  the  militia.  In  1800  it 
passed  over  to  Ireland,  whence  it  pro- 
ceeded to  Minorca,  and  after  the  evacua- 
tion of  that  island  in  1802,  returned  to 
Ireland.  In  i805  Lt-Col.  Coghlan  re- 
ceived  the  brevet  of  Colonel;  and,  on 
account  of  impaired  health,  retired  on 
half-pay,  leaving  the  82d  in  the  highest 
state  of  discipline. 

In  July  1810  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Major- Generul,  and  appointed 
to  the  staff  of  Ireland,  on  which  he  re- 
nnained  for  some  years;  and  in  1819  he 
attained  the  brevet  of  Lieut.-General. 

Thu  death  of  bis  son,  Lieut  R.  Ccjgh- 
lan,  was  recorded  in  our  July  Magasine, 
p.  111. 


Li£ut..Gen.  Armstrong. 

Nov.  12.  At  Cheshunt  Park,  Herts, 
(the  residence  of  T.  A.  Russell,  esq.) 
aged  63,  Lieut-  Greneral  George  Andrew 
Armstrong. 

Thi.s  officer  was  appointed  Ensign  in 
the  8th  foot,  1787,  Lieutenant  1791, 
Captain-Lieutenant  1793,  and  Captain  in 
the  same  regiment  1794r.  He  raised  men 
for  the  rank  and  pay  of  Major  of  Inde. 
pendents,  and  was  fretted  Jan.  22, 
1795.  He  was  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Leeds  Recruiting  district 
on  its  first  establishment  in  June  1796, 
and  received  the  brevet  of  Lieut.- CoL 
in  the  army  Jaa  1,  1800.  He  was  re- 
moved from  the  staff  of  the  Leeds  dis- 
trict in  1802,  and  appointed  Inspecting 
Field  Officer  of  Yeomanry  and  Volun- 
teers under  Gen.  Simcoe  in  Jan.  1804. 
He  received  a  majority  in  the  56th  foot 
in  September  following,  and  exchanged 
into  the  96tb  foot  in  Jan.  1805.  He 
attained  the  rank  of  Colonel  1810,  Ma- 
jor- General  1813,  and  Lieut- General 
1835. 


tg9t$. 


;nrm. — i 


itr 


^ooper, 


I       wou 


was  promoted  to  tbc  rank  of  Lieii- 
)t  in    IHUI.     Diiriitg:  the  ramoiiidfr 

thai  war  he  served  in  the  Bruri>»wick  ; 
and  in  l&M  and  1805  uoa  iittiulied  to 
the  Victory,  the  flug-ship  of  Lord  Ncl- 
60ii<  M'ho  in  some  letters  to  bis  fiitlicr, 
printed  in  Marsbiill's  RojhI  N.ivhI  Uio. 
^rapby,  mentious  hiiu  re|M;atedly  with 
high  pniise. 

Towards  tbc  close  of    tbe  buttle  of 

Trufdfi^ar,     Lieut.    Bligh    was   severely 

wounded  by  o  inusltet-lwll  in  the  breast. 

^is    eoramisiiion    ><>    (.'omniander   bore 

te  Jan    '25,  IHOC;  and  Iw;  miis   tbcrc- 

m  nppoiiited  to  ibf  Py]««tes  fcloup-of- 
\\iur,  then  at  Falnioulh,  with  u  convoy 
bound  to  the  Meditenuncim;  where  he 
rontjniied  fur  more  than  three  years  in 
actiw  cniidoy.  On  the  JSd  Muy  Iti08,  lie 
cuptiinL'd  tbe  Grund  Niipolcon  privateer, 
pii-nxd  for  10  guns,  but  having  only  four 

Iponnted.     UU  [troniotion  to  pu<'t  nink 
bok  place  on  the  '27th  Dlc.  toIhi»  ing. 
f  F'roin  the    Pylades  he  removed  to  the 
Blatton    50,  and    took  rharge    of   tbe 
pomeward-bound  trude  coUi^clediit  MuUu, 
in  tbe  spring  of  I8I0.     H*?  subsequently 
commanded  the  Acorn  sloop,  one  of  the 
usdroii  protectin/t  Lissa  ;  and  his   lii»t 
pointmint  was  in  l^l^,  to  the   Araie* 
te,  fitting  for  t\te  Jiunuii*a  station  ; 
whence  be    returntd  to    Kngland,    and 
wta  paid  off  in  July  18l(). 

Capt.  Bligh  inarntd,  Dec.  2,  1817, 
2VUss  CathHriiics  Haynus,  of  Lonesome- 
lodge,  near  Dorking.  Hi*,  body  was 
farricd  to  tbe  tomb,  at  Ai\Trstoke,  by 
I  six  of  the  oldest  wali-nneii  of  (jospon, 
who  received  cach^  by  liis  desire,  a  new 
I        Milt  of  dotbes  and  a  soverei^. 

L  Capt.  Timothv  Cdhtis.  RN. 

^^B  Or/.  15.  At  Exmouth,  after  a  lin- 
^^Htrioj;  illness,  aged  41,  Tiinulhy  Cnrtis, 
^^Kg.  Captain  iu  tiie  Royal  Nuvy. 
^^F  Capt.  Curtis  was  tbe  titth  son  of  the 
^^^e  iVv.  Charles  Curtis,  Rector  of  Soli- 
'  iuill,  War>\'.  and  St,  Martin's,  Uirming- 
ham,  who  was  a  younger  broilier  of  the 
lau;  Alderman  Sir  W,  Curtis,  Eart.  and 
died  in  1829;  (see  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  xcix. 
pt.  i.  p.  275)  by  his  first  wite  Dorothy, 
second  daughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Wildi^ 
of  hell  Broughton  in  Worcestershire. 
He  was  made  a  Lieutenant  in  1815, 
('x>niaiander  1821,api>ointGd  to  tbe  Wca- 
of  10  {{uns,  Sept.  13,  lS-23;  and  re- 
ed to  tbe  Medina,  of  20,  on  the 
editerranean  station.  June  6, 1825.  His 
rnrniv«ion  as    Captain  bore  date  Dec. 

182G 
He  married,  March  29,  1828,  his  cou- 
RebcccA-Mury,  youngest  daughter  of 
Aldcruum. 


Rtv.  Sra  W.  H.  C-ooper,  Bart. 

Dee...  At  Isleworth  housie.  Middle* 
sex,  uged  08,  the  Rev.  Sir  William  Henry 
Cooper,  the  fourtU  Bart,  of  Nova  Scotia 
(1G3H). 

He  was  horn  May  29,  1766,  the  elder 
son  of  the  Right  Hon.  Sir  Grey  Cooper, 
the  third  Bart,  by  his  second  wife  Misa 
Kennedy,  of  NewcuKtle  upon  Tyne; 
iind  8ut-eeeded  to  the  tide  on  tbe  death  of 
bis  father,  Jdy  31,  IbOl 

Sir  W.  n.  Cooper  married.  May  21, 

1787,  liiiibclla-Bell,  only  daughter  of 
Mtiies  FrairLs,  esq.  of  feddington,  by 
whom  he  had  issue  one  son,  now  Sir 
William  Henry  Cooper,  Burt,  and  three 
datigbters  :  Mary- Anne  married  in  1808 
to  Sir  John  Courtcnay  Honywood,  Ban. ; 
I.sabella,  who  died  unmanied  Oct.  7, 
lb-:;9;  and  Elizabeth,  married  in  1818  to 
(Jeorge  Augustus- Krederii-k  Dawkina, 
*»«q.  who  died  without  i.ssuu  No\.  J*, 
l8"il.     The  present  Baronet  w«s  born  in 

1788,  and  inurried  in  I85i7,  -Anne,  eldest 
daughter  of  Col.  (Jliarles  Kenioya  Ke. 
oieys  'iVnte,  of  Halswell  House,  Som- 
erset, ni.P.  for  Bridgewat«r. 


HF.yay  Banki:9,  Es(j, 

Dee.  17.  At  Tregothan,  CornvnlL, 
the  !»eHt  of  bis  ion-in-law  the  Karl 
of  Futiuoutb,  aged  77.  Henry  Bankes, 
esq.  of  Kingston  hall,  Doa-.set!J)ire,  a 
Trustee  of  tbc  British  i\Iuscnm. 

This  highly  respectable  geiirlentan  wu 
the  only  surviving  son  of  Henry  Batikea, 
es/].  foun.iiellof  at  law,  a  CooimiRsjon/"rof 
the  Customs,  and  iLP.  for  Corfe  Castle, , 
(great-grandson  of  Sir  John  Bankes^  \ 
Lord  Chief  Juritice  of  tlie  Common 
Pleas  in  the  reign  ai  Cliarles  I.)  by  hi« 
second  wife  Margaret,  daugbttr  of  the 
Rt.  Rev.  John  \i  yjuie.  Lord  Bishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells,  and  ^.ister  to  the  Rt. 
Hot).  William  Wynne,  LL.D.  Principal 
( Mliciul  of  the  C<jurt  of  Arches. 

Mr.  Bankes  was  educated  at  West- 
minster, and  Trinity  college,  Cambridge, 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  1778.  M..'\. 
1781.  He  entered  Piirliainent  in  17R}b« 
one  of  the  representative's  of  the  borough. 
of  Corfe  Castle ;  and  was  for  tnanjr 
years  an  active  member,  }.;cner.illy  su|>- 
portiug  Mr.  Pitt.  He  contiriued  Co  Kit 
in  the  House  by  virtue  of  bis  tumily 
borough,  until  in  18ii(}  be  was  elected 
for  the  County  of  Dorset.  At  the  gene- 
ral election  of  the  >ame  ywir,  he  was 
rc-cbosen ;  but  at  tnat  of  18:jO,  alter  a 
severe  struggle^  he  was  defcated- 

Mr.  Bankes  was  an  ai-cunipliabcd 
scboUir,  intimately  acquainted  with  an- 
cient and  modern  literature,  and  of  a 
refined  and  acknowledged  taste  in  the 
arts ;  accomplisbments  that  enabled  bin 


¥ 


BiTUART. — H.  Eankes,  Esq, 


pcrulinrly  to  prace  his  dtilips  ns  one  of 
tbu  most  active  and  zealous  Trustees  of 
the  Brit»ii  Miiscuir,  of  which  he  was 
generally  regarded  as  the  orpin  and  iidvo- 
ctttc  ill  the  House  of  Ci^mnioris.  His 
public  life  was  marked  hy  firmness  in 
principle,  a  pwuliar  disinterestedness, 
and  uiidenatinj;  ailhcrenre  to  ronsrien- 
tioufly  formed  opinions.  He  was  a 
etaunch  supporter  of  our  National  Insti* 
tutions  in  all  their  tflii-icticy.  but  mhs 
never  reluctant  to  assint  in  the  reraovul 
of  proved  abuses  introduet'd  liy  tinip  and 
circumstances.  Never  the  blind  adhe- 
rent of  any  party,  he  sought  only  the 
promotion  of  his  country's  welfare;  and 
perseveringly  continued  to  enforce  eco- 
nomy and  the  rcdiictjori  of  expenditure. 
In  bis  laist  address  to  the  electors  of 
Don>et,  be  looked  forward  with  a  bnppy 
conviction  that  justice  would  be  done  to 
his  memory: — "  Wbetevcr  'tiition,"  said 
he,  "  I  may  hereflfter  be  pliicH  in,  whe- 
ther I  may  nt'ain  .ippL'nr  in  a  iiuhlic  ciipa- 
city,  or  whether  I  may  retire  mto  pri^-atc 
litt^  I  assure  you  that  my  constant  and 
waraiesit  wishes  will  be  for  the  welfare 
and  happinei's  of  my  native  rouiitj',  to 
which  I  have  been  *olonp»?id  po  strongly 
attached;  and  nut  of  tt<at  only,  but  uf 
tJ»e  whole  coiiiHry  ;  and  when  I  shall  be 
no  more,  when  I  t-hall  be  pone  from  this 
tmn5it<irv  world,  I  truBt  that  my  memory 
will  not  be  injured,  and  that  no  man  will 
r|>enk  uf  me  utliiTwise  than  ns  one  who 
endeavoured  throughout  a  lonp  public 
life,  fuithftlly  and  honestly  to  tulliJ  the 
functions  of  iin  independent  Representa- 
tive." 

Mr.  Banker  wa*  the  author  of  "  The 
Civil  and  ("onstitutioiiul  History  of 
Rome,  from  the  P'ouitdation  to  the  af^e 
of  Augiisfiu,"  published  in  IblB  in  two 
volumes  8vo. 

Mr.  Bankes  married  in  1764>  France*, 
daughter  of  William  Woodley,  esq.  Go. 
vernur  of  the  Leeward  Iitlands,  by  whom 
he  Lad  i^sue  four  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ten*-.  I.  Henrj",  of  Trinity  hall,  Camb. 
B. A.  180G,  lost  in  the  same  year  in 
I'Albeiiienne  mnn-of.war;  i.  William 
John  Bankes,  esq.  M.  A.  of  Trin.  coll. 
Canibridf(e,  M.P.  for  that  University  in 
1822,  afterwurds  for  Corfe  Cuatle,  and  in 
the  last  Parliament  for  DonMrtshire,  well 
known  from  hi«  trvveU  in  the  E»H  ;  3- 
iieorge  Bankes,  e^.  Fellow  of  Trinity 
ball,  ('limb.  LL.B.  1&I2,  formerly  M.P. 
f^>r  Marlborough,  and  in  I83ii  a  Commia- 
atoner  anrc^^ively  of  the  India  Board 
and  of  tbe  Treasury;  and  now  Curaitor 
Baron  of  the  Rxchequrr ;  he  i»  married, 
and  has  A  niimrroUK  family;  i.thrKt.  Hon. 
Anne-  France*  Countcw  of  Falmouth, 
married  in  1810  to  Kdward  now  Farl  of 


Falmouth,  and  has  one  Bcn,  Ijord  Bos- 
cawen-Rose;  3.  Maria- Wjnme,  married 
Jan.  29,  1819,  to  the  bte  Hon,  Thomas 
Stapleton,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Lord  le 
Despencer,  and  died  before  him  Oct  15, 
1823,  leaving  an  only  survivinp  daufrhter, 
the  Rt.  Hon,  Mary- Elizabeth- Fnmce* 
now  Lady  le  Despencer;  and  6.  the  Rer, 
E<lvvnrd  B^nki-*.,  of  Trinity  hall,  Camb. 
LL  B.  1818,  a  Prcbcmiury  of  Gloucester 
and  Norv^'ich,  and  Chaplain  to  tbe  Klng^; 
he  married  in  182(.>.  Ijidy  Frances-Jane 
Scott,  tbe  younger  daughter  of  tbe  £ari  of 
HIddii,  and  has  is.sue. 

The  remains  of  Mr.  Bnnkes  were  in- 
terred in  the  family  vimit  at  Wimboume 
Minster. 


Rev.  T.  R.  Malthus,   F.R.S. 

Drc,  2f>,  At  Bath,  in  his  60th  Wtr, 
tbe  Rev, Thomas  Robert  Maltbu«,F.R.S. 
the  celebrated  author  on  population. 

Mr.  ilaltbus  was  the  younger  of  tht 
two  sons  of  Daniel  Mai  thus,  esq.  of 
Albury,  in  Surrey,  a  pri^iite  gentleman 
of  good  family  and  indcpendant  fortune. 
He  «as  Iwrni  on  the  1-ith  of  February, 
1 76(5,  at  the  Rookery,  near  Dorking,  a 
place  of  great  beauty,  which  wu  then  the 
}iroperty  und  residence  of  his  father. 

Having  received  bis  earlier  education 
under  the  care  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Grave*, 
of  Clavertoii,  he  went  to  J^tus  College, 
Cambridge,  where  he  obuiined  a  Fallow* 
»hip  and  graduated  B.A.  1788,  as  9(b 
Wrangler,  M.A.  1791, 

In  I79H  he  published  his  <*  Essay  OD 
Population,  with  remarks  on  the  speru- 
lalionM  of  Gtwlwin  and  Condorcet,"  being 
the  precursor,  rather  than  the  first  edi- 
tion, of  his  great  work  on  Populatioa. 
A  Correspondent  of  the  Atfaeniruro, 
who  states  tliat  he  knew  Mr.  Malthus 
intimately  for  fifty  years,  has  given  the 
following  account  of  the  producdon  of 
that  work  : — "  His  views  were  firrt  pre- 
sented to  the  public  in  a  single  octavo 
volume,  chiefly  intended  as  a  refufation 
of  the  theory  of  Condorcet  and  Godwin, 
upon  the  pcrfev'tability  of  man ;  in  pro- 
portion, hoM  ever,  as  he  reflected  upon  the 
subject,  it*  importance  wan  more  evident 
to  bis  mind,  and  the  neccssitjr  of  a  fur- 
ther and  cleiirer  exbibttiun  of^it  becaine 
more  urgent.  That  nothing  might  be 
wanting,  therefore,  to  the  work,  he 
visited,  in  IWIO,  every  country  in  Europe 
then  accetgible  to  English  tnivcllers, 
obacrnng  carefully  all  the  facts  likely  to 
bear  upon  hi*  bubject,  inspecting  the 
places  whether  cities  or  villages  where 
anything  remarkable  in  the  population 
was  to  be  found,  and  consulting  every 
public  or  private  document  which  tvaa 
calculated  to    benefit   bis  labours;   tbe 


I 

\ 


I 


I 
I 


A 


ft 


1W5.1  OWITPART. — Mr. 

fruiu  of  these  researches  he  carefully 
dipvsted  njid  arranged  soon  after  his  re- 
turn, nnd.  Iia^-inp  embodied  with  them 
his  former  work,  he  Rave  them  to  the  pub- 
lic in  a  quarto  volume;  and  it  is  well 
worthy  ot  observation,  that  the  «ystem 
then  came  from  hitn  in  so  complete  and 
perfect  a  form,  Ro  |;;imrded  on  every  side, 
»o  cnrefnlly  piimtied  and  carried  o?it  to 
all  im  fons«*<iiiencc«,  tts  to  require  lit- 
tle or  no  ulrcrstion  afterwards,  either 
from  himself  oi  any  other  person.  The 
work  of  Mr.  Maltnus  has  (;one  through 
n  great  number  of  edition*  in  this  coun- 
try,  and  has  been  tran<<lated  into  almost 
every  langttage  of  the  civilized  world." 

In  I8D4  Mr.  Malltius  uun  appointed  to 
the  chair  of  History  and  Political  Eco- 
nomy  in  the  East  Indiu  Company's  Col- 
lege in  Hertfordshire,  a  situation  which 
he  filled  during  the  rcmtumler  of  his  life. 
Of  his  various  |iuWi<'ali(ins  subsequent 
to  the  Essnyon  Populj'Httn.jiiThiips  the 
rooit  impoTfaJit  uas  "  THl-  Principles  of 
Political  Economy,"  of  which  u  new 
edition  will  probably  appear.  He  was  a 
fellow  of  the  Royal  Society,  and  some 
years  before  his  death  was  enrolled  as  a 
Member  of  the  National  Institute  of 
France,  a  distinction  ront'ened,  we  be- 
lieve, only  on  men  of  the  greatest  emi- 
neiice.  He  never  solicited  or  obtained  any 
preferment  from  Government.  »*  Of  his 
rhBrarter  in  a  social  and  domestic  view," 
says  the  writer  in  the  Athenirum,  ''it 
would  be  difficult  to  speak  in  termt  which 
would  be  thought  extruvagMnt  by  those 
who  knew  him  best,  and  who,  after  all,  arc 
the  best  judges  of  it.  Although  much 
conversant  with  the  world,  and  engnged 
in  important  labours,  his  life  was,  more 
than  any  other  we  have  ever  witnesed,  a 
perpetual  tlow  of  enlightened  benevo- 
lence, contentment,  and  pence  ;  it  was 
.the  best  and  purest  philosophy,  height- 
ened by  Christian  views,  and  softeneo  by 
Christian  chBrity.  His  temper  was  so 
mild  and  placid,  itis  allowances  for  other» 
so  large  and  so  considerate,  his  desires 
•o  moderate^  and  bis  command  over  his 
own  passions  lo  romplete,  that  the  writer 
of  this  article,  who  bai  known  him  inti- 
mately for  nearly  fifty  years,  scarcely 
ever  saw  him  niffled,  wnrr  angry,  never 
above  measure  elated  or  depressed.  Nor 
were  his  patience  and  forbearance  less 
remarkHble — no  unkind  word  or  unchari- 
table expression  respecting  any  one,  either 
present  or  ab-ent,  ever  fell  from  his  lips  ; 
and  though  cluonied  to  pass  through  more 
cen»ure  and  cnlunmy  than  any  author  of 
this  or  perhaps  of  any  other  uge,  he  was 
rarely  heard  to  advert  to  this  species  of 
injury,  never  di!*po«*<l  to  complain  of  it, 
and,  least  uf  all,  to  retort  it.     Indeed,  he 


ITKSt 


fh. 


S25 


had  this  felicity  of  mind,  almost  peculiar 
to  himself,  that,  being  singularly  alive  to 
the  approbation  of  the  wise  and  gtxtd, 
and  anxious  generally  for  the  regard  of  bis 
fellow  creatures,  he  was  Lmpassive  to  un- 
merited abuse — so  conadous  was  he  of 
his  integrity  of  purpose,  so  firmly  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  of  the  principles  he 
advocated,  and  so  calmly  prepared  for  the 
repugnance  with  which,  in  some  quarters, 
they  would  be  heaid." 

In  person  Mr.  Alalthus  was  tall,  and 
elegantly  formed ;  and  his  appearance,  no 
less  than  his  conduct,  was  that  of  a  per- 
fect gentleman.  He  died  of  a  disorder 
of  the  heart,  at  the  house  of  his  futher- 
in-law  at  Bath,  and  was  buried  in  the 
Abbey  Church. 

His  widow,  the  daughter  of  John 
Eckersall,  Esq.  of  St.  Catharine's,  near 
Bath;  a  son,  the  Rev.  Henry  Malthas, 
and  a  daaghter,  survive  him. 


Mr.  Chari.ks  Lamb. 

Dee.  27.  At  Edmonton,  after  a  short 
illness,  aged  (3<),  Mr.  Charles  Lamb,  a 
gentleman  well  known  to  the  public  for 
his  many  pleasing  work^  in  prose  and 
verse. 

Mr.  Lamb  was  a  native  of  Lincoln- 
shire. In  his  8th  year  be  wa.s  sent  lo 
Christ's  Hospital,  where  he  derived  his 
taste  for  geneml  literature,  and  his  fitnmi 
for  the  pursuits  of  commercial  life.  He 
continued  there  till  178J>,  about  which 
time  he  obtained  &  situation  as  clerk  in 
the  East  India  House,  where  he  con- 
tinued till  (he  year  1825,  and  then  re- 
tired, with  a  handsome  annuity,  on  th« 
superannuated  list. 

Mr.  Lamb's  principal  works  were  as 
follow ; — A  small  volume  entitled  "  Blank 
Verse,"  printed  in  1798  in  conjunction 
with  his  friend  Charles  Lloyd;  "  Sped- 
mens  of  the  Euglish  Dramatic  Poets," 
ItHJfl.  Two  dramatic  pieces,  "  John 
Woodvil,"  a  tragedy,  and  "Mr.  H.''an 
afterpiece.  "  Kosomond  f^rey,"  a  beau- 
tiful pathetic  tale,  and  "  Old  Blind  Mar- 
gery." The  Works  of  Charles  Lamb, 
2  vols.  181H.  "  Elia,"  1823,  a  collection 
of  Essays,  which  were  the  most  admired 
of  his  works,  and  appeared  originally  in 
the  London  Magazine.  '«  Album  Versei," 
1830.  •'  The  adventures  of  Llyssea," 
and  "  Tales  from  Shakespeare,"  2  vol*. 
The  last  essays  of  "  Elia,"  1833.  Sub- 
sequently to  bis  specimens  of  the  Eng- 
lish Dramatic  Poet*,  he  publi.slied  a  sc- 
cond  series,  which  appeared  in  Mr. 
Hone's  Every  Day  Book,  under  the 
head  uf  the  "  flarrick  Papers,"  extracted 
from  the  valuable  collection  iu  the  Bri- 
tish Museum,  and  that  workii  illustrated 


I 

■ 


I 


I 


BiTUARV.— 7%«ma«  Prin'z 


^ 


with  very  valuable  notes  by  Mr.  Lamb. 
To  this  list  of  \iU  productions  may  be 
added  u  smull  poem  entitle<l  "  Satan  in 
quciit  of  a  Wife  ;"  and  be  also  aided  bis 
sister,  Miss  Mary  Lamb,  in  her  elegant 
little  work  entitled  *'  Mrs.  Leycester's 
Scboo!." 

On  considering  Mr.  Lamb  as  diligently 
engaged  in  ihe  jmrsuits  of  comuiereial 
life,  it  might  surprise  usi  that  he  could 
iind  leiiiure  to  write  su  nitich  for  the  puh- 
tic ;  but  the  truth  is,  Lis  tnealtieii  were 
extniordiDar}'.  The  wit  that  he  bruughc 
with  him  from  scJiool  eontinued  to  flow 
uniformly  ati'S  to  irurease  through  the 
whole  course  of  hi^  life.  It  was  almost 
as  natural  with  him  to  Hay  witty  thtiigR  as 
to  breathe;  he  could  not  enter  a  room 
witltout  a.  joke,  and  he  may  be  said  to  have 
almost  conversed  in  e.xtemjioraneous  liu. 
mour.  Nor  did  his  discourse  consist  of 
merely  spfjrtive  plea-santries ;  they  bad 
often  the  lorre  of  eloquence,  joiined  with 
the  solidity  of  urgynieiit,  enlivened  and 
softened  by  a  inmiartity  and  benevolence 
which  invuriftbly  beamed  in  bis  counten- 
ance. Perhaps,  too,  they  were  a  little 
increaKd  by  his  very  intirmitiet*  ■  for  he 
bad  a  defect  in  his  utterance,  which  gave 
a  somewhat  of  qutiintiie.HS  and  peculiurity 
of  tone  to  his  conversation.  Overflow- 
ing  as  his  ?ipirit!i  were,  they  never  exceeded 
the  bounds  of  propriety  and  decorum; 
and  towards  the  fair  se.x,  though  be  was 
never  raarried,  be  never  failed  to  e\ince 
the  kindest  feeling  and  {lurent  respect. 

Mr.  Lamb  has  left  behind  him  no 
otb-er  relation  but  liie  sister  already  men. 
tioned,  who  is  as  amiable  iu  dispoeitioii 
Bi<  him&elf,  and  who  possesses  a  consider- 
able share  of  literary  talent.  They  were 
•Imilar  in  tlieir  rbamcter<«,  their  manners 
and  their  studies ;  and  there  cannot  be 
well  conceived  a  morp  perfect  example  of 
fraternal  and  ^isterly  love,  and  untiring 
friendship,  than  that  which  existed  be- 
tween them,  and  which  Mr.  Lamb  has 
elegantly  alluded  to  in  one  of  hu  poems, 
and  likewise  in  one  of  hiu  Papers  en- 
titled  *'  Mackery  End ;"  wherein  he  5ays, 
"  I  wish  that  I  could  throw  into  a  heap 
the  remainder  of  our  joint  existences, 
(hat  we  might  share  them  in  e<iiial  divi- 
sion,—but  tliul  is  iinposMble." 

The  present  tribute  of  respect  to  the 
memory  of  this  estimable  gentleman,  is 
offered  by  the  same  pen  \vhich  gave  a 
previous  uccrouut  of  Air.  Lamb's  works 
in  the  Gentlenuui's  Magazine. 


Thomas  Peinulk.  Esq. 
Dee.  o.     In  London,  aged  -U>.  I'homas 
Pringic,  esq.  late  Secretuiy  ii>ihc  Anti- 
Klavtry  Association,  and  auliior  of  seve- 
ral init-rrsliitg  work*>. 


Afr.  Pririgle  was  born  in  Tiviotdale, 
a  romantic  pastoral  district  in  the  South 
of  Scothind,  of  which  be  has  left  some 
pleasing  remembrances,  in  the  poetry 
which  from  time  to  rime  he  gave  to  the 
public.  He  applied  himself  early  in  life 
to  literature,  as  a  profession;  and  was 
concerned  in  the  establishment  and  early 
niumigenient  of  Blackwood's  Magazine; 
shortly  after,  however,  be  chose  to  follow 
the  lortunea  of  his  family,  who  became 
settlers  in  South  Africa,  There,  after  a 
time,  Mr.  Pringle  entered  into  some 
literary  Hpeculutions  in  Cape  Town, 
which,  however,  he  was  speedily  forced 
to  relinquish  by  the  government,  at  a 
pecuniary  loss  of  little  less  than  1000/. 
Upon  the  failure  of  these  speculations, 
Mr.  Pringle  returned  to  England  ;  and 
his  services  were  soon  after  engaged  by 
the  Anti- Slavery  Sodety,  as  Secretary 
to  that  body,  u  »iituatiuu  which  he  con- 
tinuL'd  to  hold  until  ^>itbin  tbe^e  few 
months,  when  the  abject  of  the  Society 
was  accomplished ;  and  the  duties  of 
which  respoiinible  office  he  discharged, 
not  merely  as  one  expected  to  labour  for 
hire,  but  as  one  whose  heart  >vas  in  the 
cause  of  humanity  and  justice. 

Mr.  Pritiglo  is  also  tuvourably  known 
to  the  public  as  u  sweet  and  graceful 
poet.  His  '•  Ephemerides  "  abound  in 
gmphic  pictures  of  African  scenery;  and 
are  rich  ,in  evidences  of  the  kind  and 
C'luistiuu  spirit  which  accompanied  the 
writer,  in  ail  that  he  did  or  wrote.  A% 
the  Editor  of  "  Friendship's  Offerings- 
Mr.  Pringle  brought  to  bis  task  a  sound 
judgment  and  u  refined  taste.  The  last 
work  ill  which  be  was  engaged,  and  which 
he  finished  only  a  month  or  two  ago,  was 
the  revision  of  bis  volume  entitled 
"  African  Sketches,"  with  a  view  to  a 
second  edition,  which,  we  believe,  will 
soon  appear.  Early  last  summer,  tha 
rupture  of  a  blood-vessel  confined  Mr. 
Pringle  to  a  sick  bed,  and  greatly  reduced 
the  energies  of  a  naturally  strong  consti- 
tution ;  and  towards  the  autumn,  it  be- 
came apparent,  that,  for  the  preservalioo 
of  life,  H  removal  to  a  wanner  cUmaCe 
was  indispensable.  Mr.  Pringle'a  at' 
cumstances  not  i>crmitting  a  trial  of  the 
south  of  Europe,  he  again  turned  his 
I  bought^  towards  the  C'ape :  the  ueces- 
'>ary  prcpfirations  were  hastily  completed ; 
the  passage  money  paid;  and  it  wanted 
but  three  days  of  the  time  appointed  for 
r>uiltng,  when  a  diarrhna  began  to  show 
iUcIf,  under  which  the  |>owens  of  nature. 
already  enfeebled  by  contirieuteiit,  speedily 
sank,  and  he  died  without  a  struggie; 
exhibtting  to  the  end  that  moral  courage 
t(ir  which  he  had  ever  been  remarkable, 
and  Hipportcd  by  the  lecoll.vtiyn  of  a 


« 


I 
I 


1835.]        Obituary — Mr.  F.  W.  Smith.— Clergtf  Deceased. 


327 


weU.spent  life,  and  by  the  bopes  that 
•pring  from  religion.  Few  men  were 
neher  in  friend  than  Mr.  Pringle; 
among  their  number  we  might  enumerate 
most  of  the  literary  men  of  the  day,  and 
very  many  of  those  public  men,  who  have 
made  philanthropy  the  beacon  of  their 
political  career.     {Athenaeum.) 

Mb.  F.  W.  SMmi. 
Jan.  18.  At  Shrewsbury,  Frederick 
William  Smith,  second  t>on  of  Anker 
Smith,  the  eminent  engraver,  and  the 
first  and  best  of  the  pupils  of  Chantrey 
the  sculptor. 

His  merits  ns  an  artist  were  of  no 
ordinary  kind;  he  had  much  force  of 
conception,  and  singular  ease  and  grace- 
fulness of  execution:  in  male  figures, 
such  as  his  Ajax,  he  united  natural  ac- 
tion with  great  anatomical  knowledge ; 
and  bis  female  figures  were  remarkable 
for  their  unconstrained  elegunce  of  pos. 
ture,  the  round  softness  of  their  limbs, 
and  their  perfect  delicacy  and  truth  of 
expression.  Tij  his  groupe  of  Haemon 
and  Antigone,  he  gained  the  gold  medal 
of  the  Ropl  Academy,  and  raised  ex- 
pectations which  were  realized, in  his 
beautiful  group  from  the  Deluge,  of  a 
Mother  and  Child,  his  Ajax,  and  other 
creations  of  the  same  kind.  He  failed 
in  obtaining  the  prize  on  which  he  had 
set  his  heart — namely,  the  one  which  en- 
titles the  winner  to  study  three  years  in 
Rome ;  his  model,  though  nothing  like 
so  smooth  as  the  one  which  won  it, 
excelled  it  far  in  originality  of  conception. 
Nor  were  bis  busts  inferior  to  his  other 
works ;  those  of  Chantrey,  Brunei,  and 
Allan  Cunningham  are  the  best ;  it  was 
of  the  latter  that  Flaxman,  who  was 
then  arranging  the  works  of  art  in  Somer- 
set House,  said — "  I  shall  give  this  bust, 
by  Smith,  the  best  place  in  the  exhibi- 
tion, for  in  sentiment  it  surpasses  any 
head  I  have  seen  here  for  some  years." 
It  is  needless  to  add,  that  he  kept  his 
word.  This  young  artist  was  frank, 
spirited,  and  kind-hearted,  and  was 
■warmly  beloved  by  all  with  whom  he 
had  intercourse.     (Alhenaum.) 


Clergy  DcceASi:o. 

At  Friar-lodge,  Saddleworth,  Lane, 
aged  76,  the  Rev.  John  Buckley^  Perpe- 
tual Curate  of  Friarmere,  in  the  parish 
of  Rochdale,  to  which  he  was  presented 
in  1790. 

At  Laughton  en  le  Morthen,  York- 
shire, tlie  Rev.  Jamrt  Crabtrec,  Vicar  of 
that  parish,  and  Perpetual  Curate  of 
Anston,  lo  both  which  churches  he  was 
presented  in  1818  by  the  Chancellor  of 


York.  He  was  formerly  Curate  of 
GawBworth,  in  the  same  county,  and  in 
1815  of  Panston.  near  Macclesfield. 

Aged  71,  the  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Daviton, 
Treasurer  of  Chichester  Cathedral,  and 
Vicar  of  Donninf^on,  Sussex.  He  was 
collated  to  the  Treasurership  with  the 
annexed  Prebend  of  Wittering  in  1798, 
and  to  Donnington  in  1793,  by  Sir  Wil- 
liam  Ashbumham,  then  Bishop  of  Chi- 
chester. 

The  Rev.  R.  Daviet,  Rector  of  Llan- 
alltgo,  Anglesey,  to  which  Church  he 
was  presented  in  1 830. 

The  Rev.  W.  Duke,  Rector  of  Blanch, 
field,  CO.  Sligo. 

At  Scotton,  Yorkshire,  the  Rev. 
Richard  Emptou,  Perpetual  Curate  of 
West  Butterwick.  He  was  of  Saint 
John's  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1817;  and 
was  presented  to  West  Butterwick  in 
1824  by  the  Rector  of  Owstone. 

At  Bootle,  Cumberland,  aged  66,  the 
Rev.  John  Firming,  Rector  of  that 
parish,  and  a  PrelM>ndary  of  LkmdaflT. 
He  was  of  St.  John's  coll.  Camb.  B.A. 
1789,  as  5th  Wrangler,  M.A.  1792;  was 
coIUtedfto  the,prebend  of  St.  Andrew's 
in  the  church  of  Landaff  by  Bp.  Watson 
in  1800,  and  presented  to  Bootle  in 
1814  by  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

At  Boulogne,  the  Rev.  John  Short 
Hexeett,  D.D.  Rector  of  Rotherhithe, 
Surrey,  and  of  Ewhurst,  Sussex.  He 
was  formerly  Fellow  of  Clare  hall,  Camb. 
where  he  graduated  B.A.  1803,  M.A. 
1806.  D.D.  1824;  was  presented  to  Ro- 
therbitbe  by  that  society  in  1817,  and  to 
Ewhurst  in  1825  by  the  Master  and 
Fellows  of  King's  college,  Camb. 

Aged  82,  the  Rev.  Robert  Leake,  for 
more  than  fifty  years  Vicar  of  Fulstow, 
to  which^  he  was  presented  in  1792  by 
the  Lord  Chancellor,  and  Perpetual  Cu- 
rate of  Marshcbapel,  Lincolnshire. 

Aged  76,  thej  Rev.  Jamet  Mower, 
Rector  of  Dinnington  and  Perpetual 
Curate  of  Tinsley,  Yorkshire.  He  wiw 
of  Trinity  college,  Camb.  B.A.  1791; 
was  presented  to  Tinsley  in  1813  by  the 
late  Earl  Fitzwilliam,  and  to  Dinnington 
in  1819  by  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon. 

The  Rev.  John  Mt/ers,  M.A.  Vicar  of 
Rye,  Sussex.  He  was  of  St.  John's 
college,  (?«mb.  and  was  presented  to 
Rye  in  1793  by  Lord  G.  H.  Cavendish. 

The  Rev.  Ou-en  Ormnby,  Vicar  of 
Ballymascaulon,  in  the  diocese  of  Ar- 
magh. 

Aged  47,  the  Rev.  Tliomot  Roy,  Per- 
petual Curate  of  Wobum,  Bedfordshire, 
to  which  he  was  presented  in  1 825  by  the 
Duke  of  Bedford. 

Aged  35,  the  Rev.  Jamc*  Taylor,  in- 
cumbent of  St.  John's,  Newcastle,  witlv 
Bcnwell. 


328 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased, 


[Mareh, 


At  St.  Winnow,  Cornwall,  ^ed  BZ,  the 
Rev.  Hobert  Walker.  He  was  uf  BalUol 
college,  Oxf.  M.A.  1778. 

Afied  Hi,  the  Rev.  /.  WIZ/mw*,  Rec- 
tor ol'  Kcmberton,  Shropshire,  to  which 
he  WHS  instituted  in  ItviO. 

At  his  father's  house,  Llando%'ery, 
ageil  s»l,  the  Rev.  truiium  /;  t//i<im«,  B.  A. 
of  Je>uR  coUefje,  Oxford 

May  15.  At  Arcot,  East  Indies,  the 
Rev.  P.  Stewart,  B.A.  Chaplain  of  that 
Htation. 

(M.  4.  At  Brighton,  the  Rev.  Jajnr* 
Stanirr  Clarke,  LL.D.  F.R.S.  Canon  of 
AVindiior,  Rector  of  Preston  cum  Hove, 
Sussex,  and  Deputy  Clerk  of  the  Closet 
to  the  KiiifT-  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
the  Rev.  Edward  CLu-ke,  Rertor  of  Bux- 
ted  in  Sussex,  (son  of  the  Rev.  William 
Clarke,  the  intimate  friend  of  Air.  Bow- 
yer  the  learned  Printer;  see  Nichols's 
Literary  Anecdotes,  vol.  iv.  p.  382)  bv 
Anne,  daughter  of  Thomas  (rrenlield, 
esq.  and  brother  to  Dr.  E.  D.  Chirke,  the 
celebrated  traveller.  He  was  of  Jesus 
collMc,  Cambridge,  LL.B.  1805,  LL.D. 
per  Lit.  Reg.  181 6.  He  was  for  some 
years  a  Chaplain  in  the  Royul  Navy,  and 
was  Chaplain  to  Lord  Nelson  at  the  bat< 
tie  of  Trafalgar.  He  aftcrvv-ards  distin- 
guished himself  as  a  preacher  at  Park- 
street  and  Trinity  chapels;  and  ha\ing 
been  introduced  by  Adm.  John  Payne  to 
his  late  Majesty,  was  for  many  yean 
Domestic  (!;haplain  and  Librarian  at 
Cariton  House,  and  honoured  by  the  par- 
ticular favour  of  his  Royal  Master.  He 
was  inKtituted  to  Preston  in  17f)ll,  and  he 
was  also  fur  some  time  Rector  of  Coombs, 
Sussex,  in  the  gift  of  the  Earl  of  Egre- 
mont.  The  follomng  are  the  titles  of 
Dr.  Clarke's  publications :  Naval  Ser- 
mons, preached  aboard  H.M.S.  the  Im- 
Stueux.  1708,  8vo.  The  Progress  of 
aritime  Discovery,  from  the  earliest 
period  to  the  close  of  the  18th  century. 
18U3t4to.  Falconer's  Shipwreck,  widi 
a  Life  of  the  author,  18l>ls  8vo.  Nau- 
fragia,  or  historical  memoirs  of  Ship- 
wrecks, 1805,  3  vols.  12rao.  Life  of 
Lord  Nelson  (in  conjunction  with  John 
M' Arthur,  Esq.)  J  809;  ^  vols.  4to.  An 
Abridgmentof  the  same,  1810,  8vo.  Ser- 
mon at  the  Anniversary  of  the  Sons  of 
the  Clergy,  1811.  An  edition  of  Loid 
Clarendon's  Essays,  1815,  2  vols.  ISmo. 
The  Life  of  King  James  II.  from  his 
own  memoirs  and  the  Stewart  MSS.  at 
Carlton  House,  1816,  2  vols.  4to.  (The 
Prince  Regent  had  then  appointed  him 
Historiographer  to  the  King.)  He  was 
also  the  founder  of  the  monthly  miscel- 
lany called  the  Naval  Chronicle. 

Dec    10.     At  Chepstow,  aged  8^  the 
Rev.  miliamHurdmanJaHe,U.D.  Vicar 
13 


of  Tredineton,  Woreecteciliifea  and  of 
Caldecot,  Monmonthshire.  He  was  foi^ 
merly  Fellow  of  Jesus  coU«cr,  OzGHi, 
M.A.  1777,  B.D.  ITbi,  D.D.  1188: 
was  presented  to  the  fint  portioo  of 
Tredington  by  that  society  in  ItXS,  mi 
to  Caldecot  in  1807  by  Mrs.  Tynte. 

IJec.  12.  At  Wyke  cottagr,  new 
Weymouth,  agvd  82,  the  Rev.  Jttm 
Dupri.  D.D.  for  fifty  yemn  View  of 
Mentraorc,  Bucks,  and  for  fourteen  Viev 
of  Tojitton  All  Saints,  LincobMhlrr. 
He  was  the  eldest  sun  of  the  Rer.  Joha 
Dupre,  Rector  of  St.  Heliar's  in  Jecaey, 
and  brother  to  the  Lite  Rev.  Edw.  Do- 
pr«',  LL.D.  Dean  of  that  island.  When 
only  eighteen,  he  was  elected  Fellow  of 
Exeter  college,  Oxford,  where  he  grada- 
ated  M.A.  1776.  B.  and  D.D.  1790. 
In  18. .  he  was  appointed  Master  of  dw 
Grammar  school  at  Berkhamstead  in 
Hertfordshire,  which  he  connderabij 
raised  in  respectubility  and  usefulneca. 
He  u'as  pre.«ented  to  Mentmore  in  178l» 
by  R.  B.  Harcourt,  esq.  and  to  Toyn- 
ton  in  1821'  by  Lord  Gwydir. 

At  Buth,  in  his  30tb  year,  the  Rer. 
Henry  Curfu  SmUk,  M!A.  of  Balliol 
college,  Oxford,  Rector  of  Rawatoo. 
He  was  the  third  son  of  Sir  John  Wrld- 
bore  Smith,  of  the  Down  House,  Dor- 
setshire, Bart  bv  Elic-Anne.  2d  das. 
and  coh.  of  the  llev.  Dr.  James  M>r> 
riott,  of  Horsmonden,  in  Kent. 

At  Beckington  rectory,  Somerset,  the 
Rev.  Charki  Pkkuiek,  late  of  Wor- 
cestcr  college,  Oxford;  nephew  to  £. 
Pickwick,  esq.  of  Queen's-square,  Bath. 
liec.  11.  At  Uuilsborough,  North- 
amptonshire, aged  68,  the  Rev.  Thamu 
Sike$,  Mcar  of  that  parish.  He  was 
of  Pemb.  coU.  Oxford,  M.A.  1792; 
and  was  instituted  to  his  living  in  that 
year  on  his  own  petition. 

Dec.  2a  At  Exeter,  aged  26,  the 
Rev.  Jamet  Franeii  E.  lihmart  PoUoek, 
B.A.  of  Exeter  college,  Oxford,  and 
Curate  of  Puddington,  Devon;  son  of 
the  Lite  Major  Pollock  of  the  62d  regt 
Dec,  28.  At  Torquay,  Devon,  the 
Rev.  Jame*  Edward  Compton,  M.A. 
Vicar  of  St.  Chad's,  Shrewsbury.  He 
was  the  second  son  of  the  lute  James 
Compson,  Esq.  of  Cleobury  Mortimer, 
Shropshire,  and  was  presented  to  St. 
Chad's  in  1826  by  the  Lord  (chancellor. 

Dec.  29.  At  Mulbarton,  Norfolk, 
aged  78,  the  Rev.  Mllet  licevor,  M.D. 
Rector  of  Hethel  and  Bircham  Newton 
with  Tofts,  and  Vicar  of  Ketteringham, 
Norfolk ;  and  for  many  years  a  Deputy 
Lieut  and  Magistrate  for  that  county; 
uncle  to  Sir  T.  B.  Bcevor,  Bart.  He 
was  the  third  son  of  Sir  Thomas  the 
first  Bart,  by  Elizabeth,  daughter  and 


I83j.] 


tliciresst  of  Miles  RraiilbwHyt,  esq.  oi 
Hethel;  wm  oi  Univemty  coll.  Oxf. 
W.A.  1761,  B,  ttiid  D.li.  181a:  w«« 
mesenled  to  KetUrii(>?ham  in  1786,  by 
£.  Atkinii,  e^q. ;  to  llircWii  in  17^9  by 
the  Earl  uf  Orford,  und  to  ilvthel  in 
a7fl2  by  his  fitther. 
I  Alb  29.  In  Henrirttn-st.,  (^veiidi»b> 
iq.,  aged  66,  the  Kev.  //cHri/  llngKam. 
or  Hiinston  boll,  in  the  county  of  Suf. 
folk,  ninl  Pcriietual  Curute  of  ih»f  parish. 
(  He  \v%%  formerly  Fellow  of  C«iu«  roll. 

I  tamb.  where  he  ^nulunted  H.A.  1789, 

1st  Senior  Optime,  M.A.  l7tt-2  ;  and 
'M'r«  presented  to  Uunston  in  11^  by  J. 
Heigbam,  e&q. 

Aged  81,   the    R^v.   Imac  MohkhouXt 

Hector    of    Holwell,    botnerset,   and  a 

[Slagistrate    of    the    county  of    Dorsal. 

He    was   foraierly  a  Fellow  of  Queen's 

Icollege,     Oxford,    where   he    Krndniitt^d 

"LA.    J780,   B.D.   179ti:  and  by  which 

rseciety  bo  waa  presented  to  hi»  liviiur  in 

1797. 

I Jan.  1.     At  Loders,  Donietihirc,  aged 

^^Lttpv^-ards  of  'JO,  the  Rev.  Samtul  WallU, 
^^HVimf  of  that  parish  and  firari)>olL',  and 
^^'^Chapliiin  to  the  Marquis  of  WineLvster, 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  Jesus  coll. 
Cambridge,  where  be  graduated  U.A. 
1765.  ALA.  1768,  and  WM  instituted  to 
Lodara  in  16S0.  He  vma  &ther  of  Mr. 
Waliia,  Market-place,  Bath. 

Jan.  3.  At  Ashby,  Leicestershire, 
aged  56k  the  Rev.  Richard  A'eiint/,  Minis* 
ter  of  St.  Peter's,  Preston,  Lancashire, 
and  formerly  one  of  the  Churrb  Alisiiion- 
ary  Society's  missiuniiricK  in  India. 

At  Swanbouriie,  liucks,  aged  67,  the 
Rev.  Cnotiicn  Hadiimk,  for  many  yean 
Curate  of  tlmt  paribli,  a  native  of  Bury 
St.  Edmund's.  He  waa  of  Jesus  coll. 
Camb.  B.A.  17l!*l. 

Jan.  S.  At  Stafford,  aged  75,  the  Rev. 
John  /Mngletf,  late  CbffplaiTi  to  the  Staf- 
ford (Ujinity  Gaol.  He  was  of  Christ 
Church.  Oxford.  MA.  1793. 

J/tii.  8.  At  Stocltfuid,  Dorset,  the  Rev. 
Ednintid   Dt    ftitt,   late    Viciir  of   East 
[  Lulworlh,    C'OOrnb    Keyties,   and    Wool, 

I         and  Ch:ii|)hiin  to  the  Earl  of  Coventry. 

A I  Torquay,  the  Rev.  Strphen  Xot- 
tpm-thjf.  Rector  of  Brushford,  Somerset. 
He  was  of  Sidney  roll.  Camb.  B.A.  I8i4, 
M.A.  IB...,  and  was  presented  to 
Brushford  in  l8ll  by  the  Earl  of  Car. 
narvoiu 

Jan.  9.  In  rhe  Close,  Salisbury,  aged 
80,  the  Rev.  Kdmutid  Beimn,  one  o|  the 
Vicara  of  Salisbury  cathedral,  Peq>enial 
Curate  of  BrHm»haw  aitd  Honiington. 
He  was  the  eldest  «on  of  George  Fowler 
Benson,  esq.  by  Martha,  eldeat  daugbtrr 
and  coheiress  of  the  bite  Edmund  Ab- 
bott, Esq.  of  Winterbourne  Monachurum, 
Gkkt.  Mao.  Vol.  IIL 


Obitoaky. — Ciergif  Dtceuwd, 


3,29 


ro.  Wilts.    He  wo*  of  Queen's  roll.  Ox( 
AI.A.  178(1;  bi'i-ume  a  Vicar  of  Salisbury] 
cuthedral  in  1797,  was  presented  to  Bram- 
shiiw  in    1 800  by  the  Dean  and  Clvipter, 
and  to  Huioin^ton  by  the  same  patrons. 

At  Liitle  Hereford,  near  'IVnbur)-, 
nn  advanced  a^e,  the  Rev.  CharUt  Price, 
R»'ctor  of  that  ]mrii.b,  to  which  he  was 
prfiienied  in  1814  by  the  Chancellor  of 
Hereford. 

Jatt.  li.  At  St.  Thomas,  near  Exeter, 
Bf?ed  08,  the  Rev.  Thmnas  Land,  late  of 
Tiverton.  He  was  of  Sidney  coll.  Camb. 
B.A.  1788. 

Jan.  16.  Aged  88,  the  Rev  Edward 
Hrontheud,  for  sixty-four  years  Vicar  of 
Repbain,  near  Lincoln,  to  which  chuivh 
he  was  presented  by  the  Mercera'  Com- 
pnnyin  1771.  Mr.  Bromhcad  was  great- 
nncle  lo  the  present  Sir  Edward  Flrenrh 
Broniheud,  of  Thuttby  HuiU  Line.  BhtI. 
und  F.  R.S.  He  mnrried  Cothurine,  Jhu. 
Hinl  heir  of  Thortla^  Ayre,  Esq.  who  in 
virtue  of  her  descent  from  Alaiy,  wife  of:| 
'I'hoiTias  Stiiveley,  esq.  was  one  of  th»' 
coheirs  of  the  family  of  Unebyc  (see 
Nichols's  History  of  I^icestersbire,  vol. 
iii.  p.  I  l-t-7,  ii.  677).  His  only  son.  Tho- 
mas Ayre  Bromheud,  esq.  M.B.  of 
Christ's  coll.  Cambridge,  died  at  Kunich 
(the  ancient  Iconium)  in  Caramania, 
Sept.  y,  IH2J,  aged  32,  after  an  absence 
of  five  years  on  bis  enterprising  tnivels. 
His  only  daughter,  Katharine,  wa.*  mar- 
rii-d  first  in  IHCtj  to  James  Edwards,  e«q. 
of  Harrow,  and  of  Fall  Mall,  (lie  cele- 
brated book«>eller)«ee  his  ijiemoirin  Gent.J 
Mag.  Feb.  18lti),  and  Becomlly  to  tljal 
Hev.  Juhn  Bittt,  Muster  of  L'ppiikgham 
school;  and  had  issue  by  lM>th  husbands. 

At   Ely,    the    Rev.    JicttJamiH    /'urke,i 
Prelieiidary  ol  that  cathedral,  and  Vicar 
of   Tilney,  NejHolk.     He   wn*    loniicrlyi 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Peinb.  coll.  Camb. 
wber*   he  gradualed  B.A.    I7&2!,  as  8tlt| 
Wrangler,  M.A.  1785.— by  tlmi  ».uciety 
be  was  presented  to  Tilney  in  180.');  »na 
was  collated  to  his  stall  at  Ely  by  the 
present  Bishop  irv  li<iii. 

Jan.  17.  At  Torquay,  in  his  2 jib  year, 
the  R«v  Philip  J'ir-rrrjM)iut  Mendawi,  of 
Corpua  Christi  college,  Oicnb.  late  of 
Great  Dealings.  Suffolk. 

At  Oossmolina,  co.  Klayo,  the  Rev. 
Edvin  Stock,  Rector  of  the  Union  of 
Croasmolina.  His  deatli  was  occasioned 
by  a  severe  blow  on  the  bead  from  the 
starting  of  a  bor«e. 

The  Rev.  Hcurff  ^Ura,  Precentor  of 
Kilfenora. 

Jan.t^  Tlie  Rev.  Edward  ( roitr. 
Rector  of  Bcrecbureh,  Essex.  V^car  of 
l>«ycr-dc-la-IIay,  and  Master  of  the 
Grammar  School,  Colchester.  He  was 
ordained  Deacon  and  Priestat  Exeter  in 
2  U 


k 


330 


Obituary. — Clergy  Deceased. 


[March, 


1796  uid  1797.  and  took  the  degree  of 
M.A.  at  Oriel  college,  Oxford,  in  1799. 
In  1803 be  accepted  a  curacy  in  Essex; 
and  in  1806  was  elected  by  the  burgesses 
of  Colchester  to  the  Mastership  of  the 
School,  barinfir  received  high  testimo- 
nials from  the  Provost  of  Oriel  and  the 
Bishop  of  Peterborough.  He  vm  pre- 
sented to  both  his  churches  in  1826,  by 
J.  Bawtree,  esq. 

Jan.  24.  In  his  90th  year,  the  Rev. 
John  Keble,  for  52  years  Vicar  of  Colne 
St.  Aldwyn's,  Glouc.  and  Perpetual  Cu- 
rate  of  Poulton,  Wilts.  He  was  formerly 
Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  college,  Ox- 
ford, where  he  took  the  degree  of  M.  A. 
1770,  and  was  presented  to  both  livings 
in  1782,  by  T.  Ingram,  esq.  &c. 

Jan.  25.  In  Sackville-street,  the  Rev, 
Richard  Durvford,  Vicar  of  Goodworth 
Clatford,  Hants.  He  was  of  Pemb.  colL 
Oxford,  B.  C.  Ij.  1791;  and  was  pre- 
sented to  his  living  in  1830. 

In  Barnsbury-street,  .  Islington,  aged 
41,  the  Reverend  Thoma$  Greenwood, 
M.A.,  Lecturer  of  St.  Giles's,  Cripple- 

Ste,  and  Chaplain  to  the  Company  of 
)oper8.  He  was  a  member  of  Trinity 
college,  Cambridge. 

Jan.  26.  At  Little  Stanmore,  Midd., 
aged  55,  the  Rev.  Eardley  Norton,  Vicar  of 
Arncliffe,  Yorkshire,  and  Perpetual  Cu- 
rate of  Blythburgh  and  Walberswick, 
Suffolk;  hitcly  resident  at  Southwold,  in 
the  latter  county.  He  was  formerly  a 
Fellow  of  University  coll.  Oxford,  where 
betook  the  degree  of  M.A.  1806;  and 
by  which  society  he  was  presented  to 
Anicliffe  in  1809.  To  his  Suffolk 
churches  he  was  presented  in  1806,  by 
Sir  Charles  Blois,  Bart 

Jan.  28.  At  Ripon,  aged  68,  the  Rev. 
Edward  KUvington^  the  founder  and  first 
incumbent  of  Trinity  church,  in  that 
town.  Fellow  of  Sydney- Sussex  coll. 
Cambridge,  and  Chaplain  to  Lord  Car- 
rington.  He  was  originally  of  Jesus  coll. 
Camb.  B.  A.  17^7,  as  2nd  Junior  Optime, 
M.  A.  1790;  and  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
Sidney  in  1791.  He  was  formerly  in. 
cumbent  of  Orsett,  near  Dewsbury, 
which  he  resigned  on  his  undertaking  the 
ministry  of  tbe  New  Church  at  Ripon, 
which  he  built  and  endowed  in  the  year 
1828.  He  M-as  much  respected  at  that 
place ;  and  it  will  be  long  before  the  poor 
ibi^et  his  charity. 

Jan.  .30.  Aged  84,  the  Rev.  George 
Baylis  Comvalt,  of  Hereford.  He  was  of 
Worcester  coll.  Oxf.  M.  A.  1774. 

Feb.  (5.  At  Alkham,  Kent,  aged  78, 
the  Rev.  Andrev  Jattiet  Smith,  for  55 
years  Curate  and  Vicar  of  that  parish  and 
CapcMc-Feme,  and  Sequestrator  of  tbe 
adjoining  parish  of  EwcU,  and  Rector  of 


Carlton  Castle,  line.  He  was  collated 
to  Alkham  in  1786,  by  Abp.  Moore, 
and  instituted  to  Carlton  Castle,  of  which 
his  father  w^as  patron,  in  1790. 

Feb.  10.  The  Rev.  John  Blundell,  of 
Blundell's.  Lodge,  Tiverton,  and  Rector 
of  Cove  Quarter.  He  vras.the  last  de- 
scendant in  tbe  male  line  of  the  celebrated 
founder  of  Tiverton  Grammar  School. 

Feb.  11.  At  Aston  Ingram,  Herts,  aged 
7T,  the  Rev.  Charles  Whatley,  Rector  of 
that  parish.  Perpetual  Curate  of  Lm,  and 
Vicar  of  LoM'er  Guidng,  Glona  He 
was  of  Pemb.  coll  Oxf.  M.A.  1779; 
was  presented  to  Aston  Ingram  in  1786, 
by  Fras.  Lawson,  esq.  to  Lower  Guiting 
in  1797,  by  the  same  patron,  and  was  col- 
lated to  Lea  in  1794  by  Dr.  Beadon,  then 
Bishop  of  Gloucester. 

Feb.  12.  At  LlandriUo,  Denbighshire, 
at  an  advanced  age,  the  Rev.  Thonuu 
Alban^  Vicar  of  that  parish,  and  for  up- 
wards of  forty  years  Honorary  Chaplain 
to  the  Society  of  Ancient  Britons.  He 
was  collated  to  his  living  in  1816,  by  Dr. 
Lnxmoore,  the  Ute  Bishop  of  St.  AMph. 

Feb.  15.  At  Clayton,  Sussex,  aged  70, 
tbe  Rev.  Henry  HaliwelL,  Rector  of  that 
parish.  He  was  formerly  a  Fdlow  and 
Tutor  of  Bnuenoee  colL  Oxford,  where 
he  graduated  M.A.  1789,  B.D.  1803, 
and  by  which  Society  he  was  presented  to 
Clayton  in  1803. 


DEATHS. 

LONDOK   AND  ITS  VICimTY. 

Jan.  12.  In  Percy-st  aged  80,  William 
Geekie,  esq. 

At  Clapham,  aged  80,  J.  George,  esq. 

Jan.  13.  At  Camberwell,  Richard 
Searles,  esq. 

Jan.  15.  In  Momington-cr.  Eliza, 
widow  of  C.  Lov^Tove,  esq.  formerly 
of  Reading. 

Jan.  1<L  Joseph  Fisher,  esq.  of  Bur}-- 
St.  St.  James's. 

Jan.  17.  In  Upper  Gloucester-pl.  Anne, 
widow  of  R.  Gatcombe,  esq.  of  North 
Petherton,  Som. 

In  Sussex-place,  aged  31,  the  Hon. 
Ellen-Mary,  wife  of  Capt.E.C  Fletcher, 
1st  Life  Guards,  voungest  dau.  of  tbe  first 
Lord  Teignmouth.  She  was  married  Sept. 
B,  1830. 

Jan.  22.  In  Beaumont-st.  Devonshire- 
pL  aged  63,  Antoinette,  relict  of  Alex. 
Scott,  esq. 

Jan.  23.  At  Upper  Nurton-st.  CapU  J. 
Betham,  of  the  Indian  Navy. 

Jan.  24.  In  Lower  Sloune-st.  in  his 
90th  year,  Henry  Waltber,  esq. 

Jan.  25.  At  Stockwell-green,  aged  69, 
Lieut.- Cul.  Hugh  Sutberhuid,   formerly 


1835.1 


Obituaky. 


3akl 


I 


n 


Capt.  73d  reKiraeiit,  afterwards  in  th«  ler* 
vict"  of  Dowluti  Row  Scindiah. 

Jau.  26.  At  Biishey,  ajjpd  f}4,  George 
Jarkfton.  esq.  late  of  the  Six  Clerks'  Of- 
fice in  Cboncenr. 

Jan.  28,  In'Welbeck-st.  aged  75,  the 
widow  of  the  Rev,  Kred.  Browning,  Rec- 
tor of  Titchwell,  Norf.  and  Preb,  of  Sa- 
lisbury. 

Jan.  *9.  Aped  60.  Col.  John  Verc 
Fletcher  Barclay,  late  of  56th  regt.  son 
of  the  Ute  Gen.  Bnrriay.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Knsipi  in  that  corps  1791,  Lit-ut. 
1793,  Capt.  1796.  Major  1804.  and  Lt  - 
Col  1811.  He  served  from  1 793  to  1 7a> 
in  the  West  Itidii*s.  was  taken  pnumer, 
and  s«nt  to  Fram-e,  and  excLanj^ed  in  1 796. 
In  1 79ft  be  serwd  in  the  Hcfder  expedi- 
tion;  subsequently  at  the  Cape,  the  £usc 
Indies,  and  Fort  Louis. 

In  Bedford-sq.  in  his  88th  year,  R. 
Foster,  esij. 

Latrlif.  —  Mr.  Roberts,  his  Majesty's 
coachman,  and  fornieirfy  coachman  to  bis 
late  Majesty  when  Prince  of  Wales.  He 
aouLssed  a  c-onttHcrnhie   fortune. 

Feb.  1.  At  Walworth,  in  hisK'ird  year, 
Jimcs  Horwood,  e^ti. 

The  wife  of  L.  Loyd,  esq.  of  Gros- 
vcnor-sq. 

Feb.  2.  In  Brunswick^,  aged  78,  W. 
Lewis,  esq. 

/V/».  3.  At  his  inolhcr'c.  in  Grosvenor- 
pl.  aged  24",  WTlImm- M on togu,  youngest 
son  of  the  Jate  iMiijor-tJfcn.  Sir  AlotUagu 
Burgoyne,  Bart. 

Feb.  4..  In  Welbeck-«t.  aged  56^  Mary 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  the  hite  G.  Huddlv- 
•ton,  esq.  of  Greeuford. 

Feb.  5.  In  Argyll-M.  in  his  2ith  year, 
G.  V.  Colebrooke,  esq.  eldest  son  of 
Henry  Colebrooke.  esq.  formerly  mem biT 
of  the  Supreme  Council  in  Bt?ii>cal,  and 
nephew  to  Sir  J.  E.  Colt  brook  e,  Bart. 

fib.  6.  Aged  2t,  Alfred,  fifth  son  of 
S.  Lawford,  esq.jun.  of  Cbipham-comra. 
At  Earl's-court,  Erompton,  aged  5'^, 
the  Hon.  Dame  Gcurgiaim  Pon.xonby,  wi- 
dow  of  Major- Gen.  the  Hon.  Sir  Wm, 
Potisonby,  K.C.B.,  and  sister  to  Lord 
Southanjpton.  She  was  the  6tb  dau.  and 
youngest  child  of  Charles  1st  Lord  Sotith- 
ajnpton,  by  Anne,  dau.  of  Vice-Adrn. 
Sir  Peter  Warren,  K  B.  was  married  in 
1607,  and  left  a  widow  in  t81.>  (on  the 
fall  of  her  husband  at  Waterloo),  with 
four  daughters,  and  one  soi^  who  is  heir 
presumptive  to  his  uncle  Lord  Ponsonby. 

Feb.  7.  Frances,  second  dau,  of  W. 
Maxwell,  eso.  of  WiJton  Crescent. 

Feb.  8.  In  his  ei«t  year,  Samuel  Webb, 
e*q.  of  WjTiyan  Houxe,  Fulham.  His 
family  at  a  very  early  period  settled  at 
Kuthuxn,  where  they  lived   for  many  ge- 


nerationi>  in  great  credit  and  respectability 
A  istudied  panegyric  on  the  life  of  Mr. 
Webb  would  ill  L-orretipgnd  with  Lis  own 
simplicity  of  uianuer  and  unostentadon  ; 
which  while  the  writer  refrains  from,  he 
carnmt  deny  himself  this  consolation  of 
recalling  the  virtues  of  a  good  mrin. 
The  first,  and  indeed  (Mdy  object  of  his 
life,  v/as  the  welllire  and  prosperity  of  bist 
family,  which  his  lung  life  itas  enabled 
bim  to  see  eminently  fuliilled.  To  a 
soiuid  understanding,  he  added  great 
cheerfulness  and  benevolence  of  heart, 
which  remained  to  him  to  the  last,  ex- 
piring in  that  serenity  of  mind  which 
marks  the  close  of  a  good  man'.s  lile. 
He  has  left  a  very  lai:ge  property  in  free- 
hold and  personal  estate!*  to  his  widow, 
his  tiole  executrix,  whose  utiaflected  piety 
and  rare  virtues  endeared  her  no  less  to 
her  admiring  and  loving  husband,  than  to 
her  surviving  alTectionate  daughter!>  and 
relations. 

Feb.  y,  Mary,  aged  18,  widow  of  F. 
Thorowgood,  esq.  of  York-pluce. 

Feb.  It.  At  Bedford-square,  aged  78, 
FranccK,  widow  of  T.  Walker,  esq. 

At  (."atMberwell,  aged  50,  Col.  Wm. 
C.  Oliver,  of  Madras  Ehtab.  having  faith- 
fully Kerved  his  king  and  country  3b 
years. 

Feb.  12.  Aged  24,  Maiy,  second  dau. 
of  RQl>ert  SiuaU,  esq,  of  York-terr.  fie- 
gcul's  Piirk. 

Feb.  14,  Jn  £dward-st,,  Portman-sq., 
aged  96,  t'atherine,  widow  of  the  Hon. 
General  Simion  Fraser,  eldest  son  of  the 
last  Lord  Lomt. 

In  Grosvenor-sq.,  the  Hon.  Lucy  Man- 
ners, of  Bloxbolme  Hall,  Line. 

Feb.  15.  In  Montagu-sq.,  aged  46, 
Judith,  widow  of  Kear-Adm,  Alaiibv,  of 
Nonhwold,  Norfolk,  of  whcirii  a  mtoioir 
wa<>  given  in  our  magazine  for  Oct.  last. 

In  Norfolk-st.,  Park-lane,  aged  8U,  H. 
Trail,  of  Dairhlie,  co.  Fife,  esq. 

BKOS.—Jan.  23.  At  Lidlington,  aged 
45,  H.  E.  Piatt,  esq. 

Jau.3t).  At  Leighton  lIou<sc>,  Leigh- 
ton  Buzzard,  aged  87,  Ami,  widow  of 
Edward  AshweU,  esq. 

BvcKB.—JaH.  24.  Aged  83,  R.  Hib- 
beit,  esq,  oi  Chnlfunt  House,  and  of  Bir. 
ties  I^Lall,  Cheshire. 

Casihhioge.— At  Cambridge,  aged  45, 
Claudius  Germas.  esq.  of  St.  John's 
College,  teacher  of  the  French  lunguuge 
to  the  University. 

CHESTEa,— Jaif.  2a  At  Chester,  aged 
16,  Fanny.  Sarah,  3rd  surviving  dau.  of 
the  late  Sir  Philip  Grey  Egerton,  Bart, 
of  Oulton  Park. 

CowNWAJ.i.,— yan.   17.     At   Padstow, 


I 
I 


Obitcaxy. 


LMaKh, 


-«  .  'an  linr*.  (Jau.  and  co-heir 

■"r-.  ->*«J*  ^'   Tregrdds,  and 

>"iiHi*  Hjwiiiiirs  esq.  of  Saun- 

-•>«~  .'f   r  (  omwallin  IHOa 

r    Vrf  V.  Jane,  wife  of  Lo- 

•.■.■nk.-»-«    Hail,  estq.  of   IIuHt 

i:  •fi.    ,:.tx  -ntlj  daughter  of  J. 

•l.      Ml> 

..--..».  i.   At  Plymouth,  Com- 

-■^..uri     Koathemione,    ^1790.) 

V    .   -w   ndet>t  Freemen,  and  for 

.  o    lie     I  'he  Common  Council 

-  :^.  :ir.  .Amrd  T7,  at  Dor- 
<•  iiM>  (ouid  K«ad, esq.anemi- 
.    .  I.    ui^    tiitfaer  uf  the  Cor- 

•  .  '•.  .\«od  Sj,  John  Crabb, 
•■    'ti!i;i.iiii. 

«;    i'f  lioii*e  of  her  brother 

,.   .■    ."ui-K  "itruttbrd  (in'en,  Sa- 

...   •k.t-«-iiti  cinii    of   the  late   J. 

s.    «^.  -irkioit^Mfud,  Denb. 

*;-:,.._jaii,  S     .At  the  resi- 

II     I'oiuer    Aim.  Lyre,   St. 

-'...  \  i!t.  w  it'e  ot  the  Kev.  D. 

I   .  'iiisivy. 
VI   •.-inuiiipton  House. Rf;ed 
■  ^  ii-i ,  0M|.  a  dfMvndant  of 

• %  v«i  Uaywunl,  of  Korth- 

uti    :vMdVd  in  the  West 

.  .   <  A'  kt-ui'v  and  only  returned 

.  N  M»t'i-  toliii  |tat(*nial  estate. 

,»       '.     !»      At   West  CowTH, 

:i  •.  ^kv«>ihl  dau.  uf  the  Ucv.  S. 

V.    ti\i!v\   Hi  itannia,  wife  uf 

X      «•,.  U  N.  and  a  few  daj-s 

.    v>  >k>>i>ir.<i!ii  twin  dau^htent. 

^     S*>iit^><iiit»ti>n,  iip^d  8.% 

.    .A   !i(«.   I'hointis  linnibly, 

..    »  -x.-M-.     Herts    Honor   of 

....  iu-J  Apiilil,  18f«. 

\     t•:^<trv  liwite,  Mr.  Wil- 

i<    .,  kC>i>l  M>n  uf  \V.  Julliffe, 

*ti....s«   (i>i    IVtefitlield,   and 

.«    .«:«■  Mr.  Jullitri*  of  Am- 

i«.«^    II  Siuiii'rKrtKbire.     He 

.    « t-J  lu  lhi>  Church,  for 

<,.  .•k.>.-«-4i  tu  w  hii-h  he  unques- 

,  ^.^  v«»«-  '•««">  »»*  the  higher  re- 

,  ■.    MtuiN  wvre  of  the  first 

.  ',Hy.>«.tiiiK  the  recluse  and 

...    *    >v  >;«^«  li  fur  the  more 

,^..v.*»  ■•*'  Mvular  purBuits, 

.   .»^...:»u  ">»  hi»  genius  and 

^..»    i-xs-.!!*.     Such  nrqui. 

^       -.  ,    >    ^iHiity  bin  natural 

.    .V  <«.».•>  ■■u'li  of  cliarity 

.v«..-«v.>-is  mul  to  diflTuse 

.    ii  r«.>Kidcui*c  in 

.-    «-.»  -  V«4»ilable  splcn- 

.-   iMkxiiJrd  from  a 

»s*   •■«'"\«'y'.  wme  of 

^   ,^  V»««  ,\V»*ive  pos- 


reuions  in  the  Northern  division  of  Eng- 
land, at  the  remotest  period  of  the  na- 
tional records.  A  revival  of  one  of  the  ori- 
ginal title*  had  often  been  suggested;  but 
a$  it  M-as  ronsidiTL-d  invidious  to  restore  so 
ancient  a  Barony,  George  III.  expressed 
himself  favourable  to  a  new  creation. 
Such  proposal,  however,  not  being  in  ac- 
cordance with  the  views  of  the  parties 
principally  interested,  the  idea  was  never 
realized.  In  person  Mr.  Jolliffe  was 
slender  and  elegantly  formed,  and  ad- 
mirably adapted  by  his  organic  structure 
for  the  se%'cn.>  exertions  he  so  peraever. 
ingly  ])rH(.>ti>vd.  His  ruuiitenunce  wis 
eminently  hund^jomc,  his  features  Hnely 
cxpn'^^^ive,  and  when  at  all  excited,  lit 
up  with  the  most  striking  intelligence  and 
feiiiniatioM.  He  has  left  a  widow,  and  one 
son,  the  present  Sir  AViiiiHm  Jollilfe. 

Hkuts^-Ym/t.  II  At  Watford,  ('has. 
IleilfoKl,  esq.  of  Great  (Jeorgo-st.  West- 
minster, Deputy  Register  of  the  Prero- 
gative Court  ot  ('anterbury,  and  of  the 
Vioir-genemrx  o&cv. 

ym:  5iO  At  Bames-loHije,  King's 
Langley,  aged  7.%  John  Lafont,  esq. 

Fib.  .5  At  Clare-hHli, aged  iX),  Cathe. 
rine,  widow  uf  J.  Shurp,  esq. 

IIi'NTiM>i>oN. — /M-.  '.i\.  At  Somors- 
bnni-jMirk,  aged  37,  Lieut.  Thos.  JMose- 
ley.  R  N. 

KKKT.—Itec.  27.  At  Widmore,  aged 
85,  (tCO.  Telford,  esq.  fonncrly  of  York. 

Jan.  3.  Aged  96i,  Mary,  widow  of 
Peter  Wynne,  esq  ofKItham. 

Jau.  10.  At  Stounnouth,  the  venerable 
Carr  Culmcr,  esq.  aged  KH)  years  and  ten 
days.  He  retained  his  fsicultics  to  the 
last,  and  was  not  confined  to  his  house 
till  within  a  few  days  of  his  death. 

Jan.  2li.  At  Ramsgatc,  aged  83;  the 
widow  of  Gen.  C«r1eton. 

Jan.  26.  At  Deal,  aged  78.  J.  Meth- 
urst  Poynter,  esq.  Captain  of  Sandown 
Castle. ' 

LASTASHiftE. — Jan.  87.  At  Everton, 
near  Liverpool,  aged  75,  George  Parker, 
esq.  lute  of  Sutton-house,  near  Malton. 

iMtely.  At  Liverpool,  on  his  return 
from  the  West  Indie^  Capt.  W.  p'iu- 
Gerald,  2d  W.  I.  r^t. 

/V6.  9.  Mary,  widow  of  Peter  Patten 
Bold,  esq.  of  Bold.  She  was  the  young- 
est dau.  of  the  Rev.  John  Parker,  of 
Astle,  Cheshire,  and  Brightmct,  Lane, 
and  was  left  a  widow  in  1 81 9,  with  four 
daughters,  of  whom  Mary  was  married  to 
the  Prinre  Sspieho,  of  Poland;  and 
Dorothea  (who,  on  her  sister's  death 
without  issue,  berame  the  heiress;  is  the 
wife  of  Henrjr  (Bold-)  Hoghton,  esq.  the 
elde»CHonof  Sir  H.  Hoghton,  Bart.  ^Sec 
Gent.  Mag.  xciv.  ii.  190. 

Li:it:KHT£BSHJKK. — Jau.  9.   At  the  roc- 


1835.] 


Obituary. 


^ory,  Botteafbrd,  tgei]  62,  Roosilia. 
Elisabeth,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  AAm, 
Evelyn  Sutton,  and  sitter  to  the  late 
Sir  Charles  Sutton,  K.C.B. 

Jan.  15.  At  Over  Seale-cottage,  aged 
59,  Edward  Mam  matt,  esq. 

MioDLESux — Jan,  17,  At  the  houRe 
of  his  son  the  Rev.  Henry  Glo«sop,  the 
Vicarage^  Isleworth,  aged  frl,  Kninci«( 
OloBsop,  esq. 

NoRrouc Jan.  21.  Aged  57,  Wil- 
liam Bagge,  esq  for  many  years  one  of 
the  Aldermen  of  King's  Lynn. 

Fct.  lA.  Aged  m,  Henry  Lee  War- 
ner,  e<iq.  of  Walsingham  Abbey. 

Northampton Dec.  20.  At  Tansor, 

from  the  accidental  diftchargc  of  a  gu". 
in  bis  20th  year,  William,  only  son  of 
Joshua  Bates,  esq.  of  Portland-place, 

Jiec.  25.  At  PctertwroMen,  Lieut, 
Healcy,  formerly  of  tlie  Koytil  Blues. 

Fife.  20.  At  Wrilford-fmi k,  aged  92, 
Mrs.  Ann  Bennett. 

Notts —/>ft>.  20  At  East  Retford, 
tbe  widow  of  the  R>*v.  W.  Mounsey, 
Vicar  of  Saltby  and  Sproxton,  Lcic 

Salop. — Jan.  31.  At  Wrockwardine, 
aped  72,  Anna. Marin,  widow  of  Wm. 
Oludde,  esq.,  of  Orleton. 

Feb.  11  Thomas  Pcndar\'e«  Stark- 
bouse  Acton,  e^q.  of  Acton  Scott,  a 
Magiiitrate  and  Deputy  Lieut,  for  Salop 

Soxii  H8ET.— /Jfc.  28.  At  Bath,  Ed- 
warri  Arundell,  esq. 

lyotehf.  At  Holwcll,  aged  77,  Susanna, 
eldest  dau.  of  the  lute  G,  Strangeways, 

n,  of  Charlton  Adam. 
,  an.  8      At  Bath,  Mary-Ann,  wife  of 

XjUtL  Rowland  JMuinwariiig.  R.N. 

Jan.  li.  At  Bath,  n^cd  H3.  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  R.  (joilmnn  lVui|jle,  e«iq, 

Jon.  W.  At  Axbridgi',  ugcd  8(1,  .John 
Allford,  cq.,  for  more  than  20  ycurs  a 
magistrate  of  that  tow  u. 

Jart.  27.  At  Buth,  in  his  70th  year, 
Richard  Saumarez,  e*q  K.R.  S,  and  S.  A., 
younger  brother  to  Lord  de  Saumnrez. 
He  was  the  fifth  son  of  Miitthcw  S«u- 
mareE,  esq<,  by  his  second  wife.  <..arieret, 
duu.  of  Jas.  le  Marchant,  esq.,  and  was 
formerly  a  surgeon  at  Newington,  Surrey. 

StrfiotK.  — />rc.  b.  At  the  rectory, 
Aldcilon.  Eleanor- Doughis,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  W.  A.  Norton. 

Jun.  li  At  the  Rectory.  Great  Lirer- 
mere,  tbe  wife  of  the  Rev.  A.  A.  Col- 
rite.  daiL  of  the  late  E.  Broderip,  esq.,  of 
Bath. 

SoRKEY. —  J)iv.  21.  At  Diilwich, 
Anne,  widow  of  T.  Bainbridgc,  esq.,  of 
Croydon- lodge. 

iJec.  26.  At  Kew -green,  aged  41, 
LietiL  John  Caldwell,  2nd  W.  1.  Rog., 
late  of  Jamaicvi. 

Jan.  5.  At  Dorking,  aged  Gi,  William 
Phillips,  esq. 


Jtm.  14.  Harriet,  widow  of  Migor 
J.  R.  Gabriel,  late  ot  Egfaam-hill. 

Jun.  20.  At  Epsom,  Lieut--CoL 
Watts,  late  of  1 3th  Regiment. 

Feb.  1.  At  East  Sheen,  aged  80^ 
Eliiabeth.  widow  of  J.  Marriott,  esq., 
magistiutc  of  the  Thames-police. 

Feb.3.  At  Woolwich,  Capt.  W.  Sdtfk, 
Royal  Marines. 

Fib.  5.  At  WaUon-upon-Thainea, 
aged  65,  Richard  North,  esq. 

Sdsmx.— Aw  20.  At  Hastings,  aged 
78,  James  Lambert,  esq ,  of  Bedford .rv)w. 

A'M'.  20.  Off  St.  Leonard's,  Lieut. 
Frederick  Gilly.  R.  N.,  drowTied,  with 
five  able  seamen,  in  attempting  to  reach 
a  vessel  in  distres;*. 

I)cc.  17.  At  Brighton,  aged  74v 
Frances,  widow  of  Lieut.- Gen  jenkin- 
son,  of  Alvcston,  co.  Warwick. 

Dec.  22.  At  Brighton,  James  Murray, 
esq,  of  Regent-sq.,  London. 

Jan.  6.  At  Brighton,  aged  55,  Hen- 
rietta-Liisiabeth,  widow  of  Henry  Bowles, 
esq  ,  of  Ciickfield. 

Jan.  10.  At  Hastings,  aged  68,  G«orge 
Dorrien,  esq.,  for  many  years  a  Director 
of  the  Bunk  of  England. 

Feb,  9.  At  Worthing,  Mrs.  Luef 
Hawfs,  niece  to  the  cclebnited  W.  Hawes, 
M.D  ,  nnd  second cou<>in  to  Benj.  1!awe«» 
esq,  MP.  for  Lambeth.  By  tbe  death 
of  this  lady,  reversionary  legacies  of  licr 
uncle,  Mr.  Benj.  Hawes,  of  Worthing, 
will  be  payable  to  24  Cbarities,  10007,  to 
each,  of  which  the  following  are  the  nrin- 
eijml  r — Royal  Humane  Society,  Jews* 
Poor  at  Mile  End,  Society  for  Small 
Debts,  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society, 
St.  Luke's  Hospital,  .Ma^diili-n  Hospital, 
Retuge  for  the  l>e«titute,  the  Asylum, 
the  Indigene  Blind, City  of  London  Truss 
Society,  London  Hwpitul.  Forei(jners  in 
Distress  Society,  Philanthropic  Society, 
Gcnend  Penitentiary,  I^ondon  Hibernian 
Society,  Religiouw  '1  ract  Society,  Qoaktr 
Preachers  Missionary  Society.  Her  body 
was  interred  in  the  fiimily  vault  in  Is- 
iington  churchyard. 

Warwick — Jan.  8  At  Kenilworth, 
aged  43,  Wm.  Kerril  Amherst,  esq. 

Jan.  22  At  Leamington,  aged  25, 
Charlotte- Maria,  youngest  dau.  of  late 
T.  Gayfere,  esq.,  of  Abingdon-st ,  We*t- 
minster. 

Jon.  25.  At  Sutton  Coldfield.  aged 
63,  Barnabas  Birch,  bite  butler  to  S.  F.  S. 
Perkins,  esq.  in  the  service  of  wboec 
family  he  lived  tifty  years,  much  valued 
and  respected. 

Jan.  29.  At  Leamington,  the  Rl- 
Hoii.  Frances  Countess  oi  Fingall.  She 
was  tbe  only  dau.  of  John  Doncllan,  eaq^ 
was  married  Dec.  18,  I '785,  to  the  preaent 
Earl  of   Fin^U  atid  Va&  \«^V  ota  v»s 


I 


I 


I 


^ 
^ 


¥ 


¥ 


I^rd  Killeen,  and  uiie  dau.  Lady  Harriet 
Jones.  Her  body  was  conveyed  to  Ireltind. 
Lattly.  At  Keiiil worth,  agt'd  V^i,  Eliza- 
beth, widow  of  Lieut  -Col.  Fielding,  and 
sisler  to  the  late  C.  G.  Wude,  esq.,  of 
Warwick. 

Fib.  3.  At  Ahxston,  ugcd  66,  ihc 
Hon.  Louisa  lUniiird,  ^isler  to  Lurd 
WilJoiighbv  dp  Broke.  Slie  wmls  niarried, 
Oct.  m,  \im^  lo  the  late  Rev.  Rolit-rt 
Barnard,  of  Liphthorrt,  Pr^-b.  of  Win- 
Chester,  who  died  hVb.  'ih,  IA;jl,  ]e»vinf; 
issue,  LouJRa,  wife  oJ  Joseph  Townshcnd, 
esq.,  and  Robert  Raniurd,  esq.,  born  in 
1809,  now  heir|)resuni[)tivetothe  Uarony 
of  Willougiiby  dc  Broke. 

Feb.  5.     At  Leamington,  tu  his  S-Jth 
year,  Francis  Newdipate,  e>q.,  of  Arbur)-. 
Charlotte,  wife  of  the   Kcv,  Edward 
IVliller,  Vicar  of  Rjidway. 

Wilts. — Lkr.  19.     Arthur,  second  son 
of  the  Rev.  Arthur  Meyriek,  of  Ramshury. 
Jau .   1.      Aped    H6,    Thomas   Bruges, 
esq.,   of  Seend,  for  many  years  a  magis- 
trate for  the  county. 

Jan.  25.  At  Hungerford,  aged  85, 
Matthew  Loder  Smith,  etiq. 

Jan.  26.  Robert,  youngest  son  of  the 
hue  W.  Codrington,  esq.,  of  Wroughton. 
Feb.  7.  Mary,  only  surviving  duu.  of 
late  R.  Southby,  esq.,  of  Bulford  House. 
YovLK.—nec.  19.  At  Sheffield,  aged 
85,  John  Eyre,  esq.,  father  of  Mrs.  King- 
don,  and  Mrs.  W.  P.  Kingdon,  botli  of 
Exeter. 

Dec.  24.  At  the  bou!«e  of  his  father 
the  Rev.  T.  H.  Marshal),  Tiekhill,  aged 
40,  Jaraei  Marshall,  esq..  Commander 
R.N.  (1827),  of  Upnor  Lodge,  near 
Rochester. 

Jau.  9.  At  Leeds,  aged  76,  Thomua 
Teole,  esq. 

Jan.  10.  At  the  8«at  of  Mrs.  Pulleine, 
Crakehale,  Frances,  wife  of  the  Rev.  R. 
W.  Bonnquet,  Rector  of  Bolingbroke. 

Jan.  ^.  At  Welton,  near  Hull,  aged 
M,  Joaepha,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Miles 
Popple,  oau.  of  late  Rev.  Jo»eph  L'  Oste, 
Rector  of  Cockcringtoii  and  Alvingbuin, 
Lincolnshire. 

LaMu.  At  Garrow-hill,  near  York, 
aged  77,  H.  Bland,  esq.  partner  in  the 
buiidng  firm  of  Messrs,  iju'ann,  Clough, 
and  Co..  of  thai  city. 
■*At  North  Oltrington,  aged  101,  Airs. 
Xnn  Lambert.  She  rcmeiobered  the 
Scotch  Rebeliion  in  ITkj. 

Feb.  10.  At  BovsaH,  the  Right  Hon. 
Louisa. Maria  I..«dv  Macdonald.  She  was 
the  dau.  ol  Farley  £d»ir,  esq.  wus  niarried 
I>ec.  15.  1803,  to  Lieut.  Uen.  Godfrey. 
Srd  and  late  Lord  Macdonald;  and  lc(\ 
bis  widow,  Oct.  13,  l8^  having  had 
issue  the  present  Lord  Macdonald,  two 
Mher  aoas,  attd  »e\ -en  daiighters     See  the 


nuMuoir  of  hi.i  Lordship,  in  Gent.  Mag. 
i  it.  ii.  lAM.) 

Wai.ku. — Dec.  G.    At  Downing,  flint, 

Caroline,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Pen- 

narjt.  Rector  of  Weston  Tur>illc,  Buck*. 

Dcc.ia.    Simon  Vorke,esq.,of Erthig, 

Denbighshire. 

Jau.  21.  At  Kinmel-park,  Donbigb- 
shire,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Charlotte- Margarvt 
Ijiidy  Dinorhcn.  She  was  a  dau.  of 
Ralph  W.  Grey,  esq.,  of  Back  worth, 
Nurthtaiib'erland,  and  married  the  present 
Lord  Uiiioiben  ^iurmerly  Col.  Hughes, 
who  was  created  a  Peer  at  the  coronation 
of  his  present  Majesty)  in  1804,  by  whom 
she  bad  ten  children,  of  whom  only  thref 
daughters  and  one  son  survive.  The  eldest 
dau.  who  was  niarried  to  Sir  Richard 
Bulkeley.  Bart,  died  in  IS29.  Her  Lady. 
shift  died  tiuddenly  of  apoplexy,  whilst  the 
Duke  of  Sussex  wa.s  a  visitor  in  the  house. 
luKLANU. — JMc.id.  At  Dublin.  Major 
George  Doherty,  K.  H.,  of  the  27tl)  Ln- 
ni^kiUeners,  only  surviving  son  of  Colonel 
Doherty,  C.B.,  of  Bath. 

Jan.  2.  Murdered,  whilst  walking  on 
his  own  grounds  at  Rosi>ber(*on,  near  New 
Ross,  aged  7'^,  Lundy  Foot,  esq.  He 
was  a  banister,  and  i^on  of  Alderman 
Lundy  Foot,  whose  snuff  u  so  celebrated 
in  ail  parts  of  the  world.  A  des|>erste 
attempt  was  made  to  assassinate  him  about 
18  months  ago,  when  lie  was  wounded  by 
sevcnd  bulls,  and  lost  one  of  bis  eyes. 

Jan.  Jo.  At  Newtown  Park,  near 
Dublin,  John  Annit,  esq. 

JitH.  Ik  In  his  iOth  year,  the  Most 
Rev.  Thomas  Kelly,  Catholic  Primate 
of  all  Ireland,  of  malignant  fever,  caught 
on  ttdmini!>tenng  the  ntes  of  religion  to  a 
poor  person  in  Drogbeda. 

iMtfiy.  Dennis  M'Kinlcy,  of  Sbeans, 
n«ar  Bailycastle,  on  bis  1 17th  birth..day. 
He  never  bad  n  day's  sickness,  could  read 
the  smallest  print  without  spectacles, 
usimlly  rose  at  three  o'clock  in  the  mora, 
ing,  and  whs  temperate  in  living 

At  the  Palace  of  Ferns,  Mrs.  Elring. 
ton,  wife  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Ferns. 

Jersey. — \t  St.  Hiliers.  T.B.  Lynch, 
esq.,  formerly  Cajit  2jth  foot. 

Aged  J6,  the  widow  ot  Capt.  Philip 
Pipon,  R.N.,  dau.  of  tlie  late  Sir  Juba 
Dumaresq. 

Wtsrr  1.NDIE8— Arc  25  Aged  88, 
John  Stuart  Jerdan.  e>q.  one  of  the  stipvn* 
Aury  niagi>>trate!«  fur  Jamniiv,  the  eldest  son 
of  Wiiliam  Jerdun.esq.  of  Brompton.  Of 
his  loss  in  the  district  of  Manehioncal,  in 
the  parish  ol  St.  Thomas  in  tiic  East,  the 
Jamaica  I>i>paich  says:  *' To  on  active 
and  enterp  rising  character  he  added  a  seal 
in  the  execution  ot  his  arduous  dutie% 
which  rendeied  him  respected  and  bt^ 
loved   iKJth    by  ina.sler  and   M-rvani  >    br 


I 


I 


L 


i 


1835.]         Bill  of  Mortality.— MarketM.—Priee  of  Shares. 

tempered  justice  with  mercy;  and  just  as 
bis  ubours  were  becoming  almost  a  sine- 
cure,  from  bis  judicious  conduct,  the  is- 
land was  deprived  of  his  services. "  Pre- 
noas  to  his  departure  for  the  West  Indies, 
Mr.  Jerdan,  seconding  the  ardent  wish  of 
his  father  for  its  success,  performed  the 
functions  of  Secretary  for  the  Abbotsford 
Subscription;  and  acquitted  himself  in  so 
zealous  and  excellent  a  manner  as  to  re- 
ceive the  grateful  acknowledgments  and 
warm  approbation  of  the  Comniittee.  He 
was  much  attached  to  the  study  of  natural 
history,  and  made  some  fine  collections  in 
entomology  in  England,  the  Netherlands, 
and  Jamaica.  He  was  nephew  to  Col. 
John  Stuart  Jerdan,  whose  remains  lie 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 


335 


ABB,OAD.^^uhi  16.  At  Lima,  Sophia, 
wife  of  George  T.  Sealy,  esq.  Vice.  Con- 
sul in  that  city. 

Sept.  5.  At  Van  Dieman's  I^nd, 
wrecked  and  drowned,  Capt.  R.  Margrave, 
Bengal  N.  Inf. 

Sept.  17.  In  France,  Capt.  Hunt, 
h.  p.  83d  regt. 

Oct.  6.  At  Bahia,  aged  36,  Joseph 
Buckley,  esq. 

Oct.  30.  At  Alexandria,  the  ex-Dey 
of  Algiers.  His  still  immense  wealth, 
which  devolves  to  his  host,  Mebemet  Ali, 
has  suggested  some  ill-natured  surmises 
respecting  the  nature  of  his  fotal  malady. 

\ov.  11.  At  Dresden,  aged  48,  M. 
Frederick  Adolphus  Ebert,  well  known 
by  several  bibliographical  works. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Jan.  21,  1835*  to  Feb.  27,  1835. 


Christened. 
Males  997  \ 
Females  1025  f 


2022 


Buried. 
Males  1065 
Females     978 


2043  I 


Whereof  have  died  stillborn  and  under 
two  years  old 663 


n 


2  and    5  225 

5  and  10  101 

10  and  20    69 

20  and  30  102 

30  and  40  1.36 

40  and  50  143 

50  and  60  158 
60  and  70  184 
70  and  80  182 
80  and  90  72 
90  and  100      8 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  Feb.  13. 


Wheat. 
s.  d. 
41     0 


Barley.  I  Oats.  I  Rye. 
«.  d.  I  «.  d.  \  I.  d. 
32    2     22    0     31      5 


Beans.  I  Peas. 
(.     d.       t.    d. 
36    2      38     9 


Kent  Pockets 5/.    Or.  to 

Sussex iL    in.  to 

Essex 4/.  10«.   to 


8/. 
5/. 
71. 


Ot. 
Of. 
0>. 
Of. 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  cwt.  Feb.  2.3, 

Kent  Bags 5l.    Os.  to    6/.    Os.      Fambam  (seconds)  OL    Os.  to 

Sussex 0/.    0».  to    01.    Ot. 

Essex 0/.    0*.  to    0/.    0*. 

Fambam  (fine) U  I5t.  to    HI.  I5t. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  Feb.  19. 
Smithfield,  Hay,  4/.  15t.  to  5/.  Ot — Straw,  1/.  13*. to  1/.  16«.— Clover,  5/.  0<.  to 5/.  10*. 
S  M I T  H  FI E  LD,  Feb.  20.     To  sink  the  Oflal—per  stone  of  Slbs. 

Lamb  0*.  Od.  to  Ot.Od. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Feb.  23: 

Beasts 3,244     Calves  114 

Sheep  &  Lambs  19,560     Pigs     605 

COAL  MARKET,  Feb.  23. 

Walls  Ends,  from  17«.  Od.  to  22«.  6d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  16*.  6d.  to  19*.  6d. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt.— Town  Tallow,  41*.  Orf.     Yellow  Russia,  39*.  Od. 

SOAP.— Yellow,  62*.     Mottled.  70*.  Curd,  72*. 

CANDLES,  7*.  Od.  per  doz.     Moulds.  8*.  6d. 


Beef 

Mutton 

2*. 

3,. 

6d.  to  4*. 
Od.  to  4*. 
2d.  to  ot. 
6d.  to  4*. 

Od. 
Od 

Vt-al 

Pork 

4». 

2*. 

Od. 
4d. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 
At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Bbothers,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,    237^. EUesmere  and  Chester,  88 Grand  Junction, 

2W). Kennot  and  Avon,  22}. Leeds  and  Liverpool,  530. Regent's,  16|. 

-Rochdale,  119. London   Dock  Stock,  56^. St.  Katharine's,  69). West 

India,  \)i{. Liver|K)ol  and  Manchester  Railway,  192. Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  .'jj. West  Aliddiesex,  79. Globe  Insurance,  1494- Guardian,  33^. 

Ho|>e,6;i. Chartered  (Jas  Light,  47^. Imperial  Gas, 45^. Phoenix  Ga*, 

25i. Independent  Gas,  50. United   General,   43. GuvadaL  \i»v\  CjWs^- 

pany,  42. Reversionary  Interest,  132. 

ForPricet  of  all  other  Sharca  \B(v>uce  u  •iM'tc. 


19 
-il^.    »r  VV.  CARV.  Strasd. 

atm»iy  is,  IsSJi.  bat\  imc'aj'r.f. 
■'tuinobeit'*  Tbem. 


^-«xS 


_      *  -         5 


WmUier. 


—^ 

Knfc       •         • 

0 

io.  ptaL 

■•^M*^ 

11     33    4i 

43 

3U.  40  cloudy 

14     U.  45 

4J 

,  16  rain 

,13     46  1  oU 

44 

,  27  cloudy 

IM 

,   U     47  '  49 

oO 

29;  90  do.  rain 

-  'iriJP 

Id  1  61     M 

44 

.t>t  do. 

.■Ik 

16  1  4d  1  49 

43 

,  61  do.  fair 

^        !■• 

17  1  43     49 

43 

,  70  do.  do. 

-  i- 

IS\  io    ai 

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^iM.  l|j<U  vKl<«%tN.    i««HS>U%V.  and  A&Nl-LL. 


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.  >^*,  »-s  »-v«.v\vv 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

APRIL,  1835. 
By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONtENTS. 

Minor  CottssspointENCB. — Lines  from  Hudibras  ? — Rev.  John  Walters,  B.  D. 
Rev.  E.  Bromhead. — Fakement  Tiles  in  Churches. — Privy  Ti^es,  &c 338 

The  Histokt  of  BoKoroHS  and  Municipal  CoBPOSATioirs,  bt  Mb&e- 

WKTHEK   AND  StIFBENS 339 

Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature  . . .' 350 

Historical  Characters,  by  Sir  J.  Mackintosh. — Character  of  William  the 

Third,  356. — Charles  the  Second  ;  Dr.  Robertson  ;  Grotios 358 

Description  of  Clevedon  Court,  Somersetshire 359 

Description  of  the  Glyptodieca  at  Munich 360 

Letter  written  from  Athens,  in  1675,  by  P.  Vernon,  Esq 366 

Rare  and  unpublished  Coins  of  Roman  Emperors,  &c.  struck  in  Greek  Cities  . .  369 

Extracts  from  the  Ledger-book  of  the  Gilde  of  Holy  Cross,  Stratford-on-Avon. .  375 

Remarks  on  the  Currency,  in  a  letter  to  Sir  Robert  Peel 380 

Mr.  Sturges  Bourne's  Reply  to  the  Rev.  Peter  Hall 385 

The  Character  of  Bishop  Lowth  defended    388 

On  the  Character  and  Writings  of  Micyllns,  the  friend  of  Melancthon 389 

Explanation  of  tiie  term  "  Betar  "    398 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Bennett's  New  South  Wales,  393.— Jacquemont's  Letters  from  India,  397. — 
Swalnson  on  Natural  History,  399. — Carrington's  Poems,  401. — Billington's 
Architectural  Director,  403. — Chinese  Repository  ;  Gutzlaff 's  China,  404. 
— Fell's  Sermons ;  Ragg's  Poem ;  Appleyard  on  the  Liturgy,  40G. — Beesley's 
Japheth;  Willett's  Traits  of  Science;  King's  Metrical  Exercises,  407. — 
Hughes  on  Baptismal  Regeneration ;  New  Interpretation  of  Genesis  ;  Haly 
on  Impressment ;  Bish's  Plea  for  Ireland,  &c.  &c 408—413 

FINE  ARTS.— New  PubUcations 412 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  414. — Learned  Societies,  &c 415 

Catalogue  of  Dr.  Kloss's  Library,  and  Melancthon  Manuscripts 417 

Design  for  PitzwiUiam  Museum,  Cambridge ;  Public  Press  in  Spain,  &c.  . .  418 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  &c. 419 

POETRY.— Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles  on  the  Anniversary  of  the  Salisbury  National 
School.— Hymn  to  Peace ; 4S1 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in  Parhament,  422.— Domestic 

Occurrences,  435. — ^Theatrical  Register 427 

Promotions,  &c.  427. — Births  and  Marriages 488 

OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Damley ;  Lord  Napier";  Mr. "  Jus- 
tice Taunton ;  J.  B.  Monck,  Esq. ;  Edward  Stevens;  Esq. ;  Alexander 
Logan,  Esq.  F.S.A., ;  Rev.  Dr.  Morrison,  &c 429 

Ci.KRGT  Deceased,  441. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties 443 

Bill  of  Mortality— Markets— Prices  of  SIi8res,'447— Meteorological  Diary— Stocks  448 

Embellished  with  a  View  of  Clevkdon  Court,  Somersetshire ; 
and  Engravings  of  Imperial  Greek  Coivf(. 


338 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


A  CoNi^TANT  Rkadrh  remarlcR,  that 
in  the  last  Cntalosifue  published  by  Mr. 
Thorjie,  the  eminent  bookseller,  and  in 
Lowndes's  Bibliographer's  Manual,  in  a 
note  on  Sir  John  Mennis'  and  James 
Smith's  "  Musaruni  Deliciie,"  Itiot),  it  is 
stated  that  in  it  occurs  the  celebrated 
lines : 

"  For  he  that  fights  and  runs  away 
Afay  live  to  tight  another  day," 
which  have  been  generally  supposed  to 
form  a  part  of  Hudibnut  — Having  a  coi)y 
of  the  second  edition  of  the  Book,  which 
is  that  noticed  by  Mr.  Lowndes  and 
published  in  the  year  1()56,  I  have 
carefully  read  it  through,  but  have  not 
hetm  able  to  discover  th«fs;e  lines  nor  any 
thing  at  all  like  them.  The  verses  on 
"  Sir  John  Suckling's  most  warlike  pre- 
])nration  for  the  Scoti^h  warre,"  may  be 
understood  to  convey  the  same  idea,  but 
in  entirely  different  words. 

The  Poet  mentioned  by  Matthew  Ste- 
venson, under  the  name  of  Replie  (see 
p.  380)  was  George  Ripley,  some  account 
of  whom  will  be  found  in  Ritson's  Biblio- 
graphia  Poetica. 

In  p.  'i34,  the  name  Walton  should 
have  been  J.  Walters,  B.D.  at  one  time 
Fellow  of  Jesus  College,  Oxford,  a  native 
of  Cowbrid^e  in  Wales,  of  which  school 
his  father,  Editor  of  a  very  valuable 
Webh  Dictionary,  was  Master;  as  was 
also  his  brother  David  Walters,  a  very 
■uperior  classic,  who  died  young.  — 
John  Walters  was  appointed  to  Ruthin 
School  by  Dr.  Warren,  Bishop  of  Bangor, 
a  very  old  establishment  of  considerable 
repute,  having  produced  in  modem  times 
those  eminent  Judges,  Kenyon,  Maddox, 
Lloyd,  and  thef  late  Chief  Baron  Richards. 
Dean  Tucker,  and  the  late  good  man. 
Dr.  Hughes,  Prebendary  of  Westminster, 
and  subsequently  Canon  of  St  Paul's, 
were  educated  there. — John  Walters  was 
a  person  of  extraordinary  abilities  and 
eccentricity,  in  some  measure  heightened 
by  a  love  affair ;  an  Oxford  lady  of  con- 
sidntible  fortune  having  discarded  him 
for  a  brother  Fellow.  He  married  a  Miss 
Davies  of  Wrexham,  but  left  no  children. 

RUTHINIENSIS. 

There  are  some  inaccuracies  in  the 
Obituary  of  the  Rev.  Edward  Bromhead 
(p.  32<))  Ue  had  two  daughters  :  the 
eldest,  Catharine,  was  married  a  second 
time  in  1830  to  the  Rev.  lipomas  Butt, 
Rector  of  Kynnersley,  Shropshire,  and 
Domestic  Chaplain  to  the  late  Duke  of 
Sutherland.  As  this  clergjrman  has  nemr 
been  engaged  in  the  useful  labours  of 
tuition,  public  or  private,  our  informant 
jniist  have  confounded  him  with  some 
other  pvrison.     yu.  Bromhead'B  second 


daughter,  Maria,  was  married  to  Major 
Brackenbury,  of  Skendlcby,  Lincolnshire. 
She  died  in  I  h:{4,  leaving  two  sons,  the 

?r(mngest  of  whoin  died  a  few  days  after 
lis  mother.  The  family  of  Bromhead  is 
a  very  ancient  one,  esttiblished  fir-^t  in 
Nottinghamshire  and  afterwards  in  Lin- 
colnshire. 

Mr.  Harvet  Eoixton  remarks,  oji 
the  statement  of  our  reviewer  in  ]>.  I  K'2. 
vrith  respect  to  the  pavement  tiles  found 
in  churches, — that  the  pattern  is  iiulrated 
in  the  tile  and  then  filled  up  with  clay  of 
a  different  colour, — that  "the  contrary,  as 
far  as  the  Malvern  tiles  are  concerned,  is 
the  fact ;  in  these  the  pattern  is  painted 
on  the  surface,  and  in  this  res])ecC  art; 
different  to  any  I  have  elsewhere  examined. 
I  may  here  remark,  in  addition  to  the 
printer's  error  of  inserting  the  word  "  Ro- 
man" in  Dr.  Card's  work,  two  sentences 
are  curtailed,  which  ought  to  have  read 
thus,  "  from  the  circumstance  of  a  quan- 
tity of  horns  and  charcoal  being  found  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  kiln,  it  i» 
not  unliifly  the  former  was  used  in  the 
preparation  of  the  clay,  and  the  latter  m 
the  process  qf  burning  them ;  "  and  again, 
in  the  concluding  sentence,  "  it  is  proba- 
ble that  the  same  taste  and  skill  which 
designed  this  church,  has  discovered  this 
means  of  ornamenting  it  at  a  lets  eapense 
than  importing  than." 

B.  would  feel  obliged  to  any  of  our 
Correspondents  who  could  refer  him  to 
a  portrait,  either  painted  or  engraved,  of 
Sir  Christopher  Yelverton,  one  of  the 
Judges  of  the  King's  Bench,  in  the  reigns 
of  Elizabeth  and  James  I.  or  of  Sir  Henry 
Yelverton,  son  of  Sir  Christopher,  who 
was  also  a  Judge  in  the  reign  of  Charles  L 

P.  Q.  remarks :  "  In  your  July  number, 
VicARius  solicited  information  on  Privy 
Tithe*.  I  beg  to  state  that  at  Eling  in  the 
new  Vorest,  Hants,  the  living  is  a  vicar- 
age, embracing  an  extent  of  about  38,000 
acres  of  land,  and  it  is  an  almost  univer- 
sal practice  with  the  fanners  there,  to  pay 
the  Vicar  a  stipulated  sum  per  acre  in 
lieu  of  his  taking  the  tithes  in  kind  ;  this 
is  called  settling  the  Prity  TVhe,  and 
each  person  who  so  compounds  is  assessed 
in  the  poor-rate  book,  in  addition  to  the 
land  he  occupies,  a  proportionate  charge 
according  to  value  for  the  Privy  Tithes, 
and,  if  the  Vicar  takes  the  tithe  in  kind, 
he  then  is  assessed  to  the  poor  for  such 
Privy  IHthe.  I  am  not  able  to  inform 
your  correspondent  as  to  the  origin  of 
the  term ;  but  it  appears  in  records  at 
Eling  of  old  date.  I  am  not  aware  of  its 
being  used  in  any  of  the  adjoining 
parishes,  neither  did  1  ever  hear  of  it 
elsewhere  until  noticed  by  Vicarius." 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE. 


1%e  Hiatory  of  the  Boroughs  and  Municipal  Corporations  of  the  United 
KiNQDOH,  from  the  earlieat  to  the  present  time :  tcith  an  Examination  of 
JHecordg,  Charters,  and  other  Doctments,  iUvstrativc  of  their  Constitution  ami 
Powers.  By  Henry  Alwokth  Merewethbr,  Serjeant-at-Law,  Solicitor- 
Oeneralto  the  Queen  ;  and  Archibald  John  Stephens,  M.A.  F.R.S.,  Bar- 
rUter-at-Law.  3  vols.  Svo. 

FROM  the  Saxon  period  of  our  history,  there  have  existed  amongst 
tkt  Tarious  towns  distinguished  by  the  appellation  of  '  boroughs.'  Whether 
ve  are  to  assign  a  (lireek  or  a  Teutonic  origin  to  tliis  appellation,  is  a 
itsatter  of  dispute ;  and  equally  disputable  is  it  whether  the  Saxon  '  bypi;,' 
or  '  bnph,*  was  so  called  from  the  possession  of  some  peculiarity  either  of 
situation  or  of  privilege,  or  whether  it  was  not  a  general  name  applied 
to  every  city  and  town  of  importance.  Of  the  Saxon  towns  some  were 
at  once  indicated  to  be  '  borouglis '  by  their  names,  as  '  Cantwara- 
byr%,'  '  Eadmundesbyrig,' '  Searobyrig,'  '  Beranbyrig ; '  others  are  stated 
by  Saxon  writers  to  have  been  '  boroughs,'  <ilthougb  there  is  nothing  in 
rtieir  names  to  denote  the  fact     Of  the  latter  class  were   '  Oxford,* 

*  York,'  '  Cambridge,'  and  very  many  other  cities  and  towns.  All  foreign 
dties  were  called  indiscriminately  '  burghs ; '  thus  Rome  was  '  Rome- 
borh  ;'  Athens  was  described  as  a  '  burgh'  of  Greece  ;  and  mention  may  be 
found  in  Anglo-Saxon  writings  of  the  venerable  '  burghs'  of  Troy,  Tyre, 
Syracuse,  and  Babylon.     The  modem  names  of  Saxon  towns  ending  in 

*  byrig,'   have  been   changed  either  by  the  conversion  of  '  byrig '  into 

*  bury,'  as  Canterbury.  Edmond'sbnry,  Salisbury,  Banbury  ;  or  by  casting 
off  the  termination  '  byrig'  altogether,  retaining  only  the  preceding, 
and,  generally  speaking,  the  more  ancient  portion  of  their  Saxon  names  ; 
thus  the  metropolis  was  termed  '  Loudonbyrig,'  Bangor  *  Bancoronabyrig,* 
and  so  on. 

The  people  of  the  '  burghs'  are  indicated  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle  by  the 
general  title  of  *  burghwaru  ;*  '  the  burghers,'  a  title  which  in  that  work 
docs  not  seem  to  denote  an  exclusive  class,  possessed  of  any  peculiar  legal 
rights,  but  the  general  body  of  the  people  of  the  town,  comprehending  all 
descriptions  of  persons.  It  is  difficult  to  discover  the  exact  standing  of 
the  '  burghers '  in  Saxon  society ;  but  probably  they  were  originally  a 
very  inferior  class  of  persons,  possessed  of  little  personal  freedom  and  few 
privileges.  Increasing  commerce  brought  with  it  considerable  wealth,  the 
possession  of  which  raised  the  *  burghers  *  into  persons  of  importance,  and 
enabled  them  to  purchase  from  their  lords  many  valuable  privilcgrs,  and 
exemption  from  many  servile  dntics.  In  this  manner  they  became  '  law- 
worthy  J '  were  answerable  to  the  law  for  themselves,  and  not  their  Lords 
for  them  ;  and  were  admitted  into  the  general  system  of  pledges,  by  means 
of  which  freemen  became  responsible  for  the  conduct  of  each  other.  In 
one  word,  they  were  raised  to  '  freedom,'  or  '  freedom,'  which  amongst  the 
Anglo-Saxons  meant  the  state,  dignit)',  or  condition  of  a  freeman  in  oppo- 
sition to  that  of  a  slave  j  in  the  same  manner  *  Cyne-dom '  meant  the  di^- 


340  History  of  Borouglu,  by  Merewether  and  Stephens.  [April, 

nity  of  a  king ;  '  theow-dom,  a  word  which  has  happily  become  obsolete 
amongst  us,  the  state  of  a  slave.  At  this  time  the  free  '  bnrghers'  seem  to 
have  been  pretty  much  in  thie  condition  of  the  *  liberi  homines  commeadati ' 
of  Domesday;  free  men  who  pdd  an  annual  rent  to  their  Lords  as  an 
acknowledgment  of  superiority  and  the  price  of  protection;  with  this 
difference,  that  it  is  doubtful  whether  the  burghers  could  transfer  their 
homage  from  Lord  to  Lord  at  pleasure,  which  the  '  liberi  homines  comment 
dati '  could  generally  do- 
Distinguished  from  the  general  body  of  the  burghers,  there  were  ia 
most  boroughs  some  persons  who  united  themselves  into  mercantile  so- 
deties,  termed  *  Guilds.'  They  were  probably  in  their  origin  mere  volun- 
tary associations  for  mutual  protection  and  assistance  in  the  conduct  of 
commercial  enterprizes,  although  afterwards  sanctioned  by  authority,  and 
their  members  invested  with  many  important  privileges.  The  establish- 
ment of  mercantile  guilds  not  merely  benefited  the  individuab  who  be- 
longed to  them ;  but  by  the  force  of  union  gave  additional  vigour  to  com- 
merce, and  thus  added  to  the  importance  of  the  boroughs  in  which  they 
were  erected.  Upon  this  account  it  probably  was,  that  boroughs  pos- 
sessed of  mercantile  guilds  are  found  to  have  been  the  earliest  distin- 
gyiished  by  peculiar  privileges  guaranteed  to  them  by  custom  or  grant. 
This  was  in  all  probability  the  condition  of  '  burghs '  at  the  time  of 
Domesday,  which,  valuable  upon  this  as  upon  every  other  subject  of  in- 
quiry, maJces  mention  of  '  burgenses,'  or  burghers,  and  enumerates  many 
of  the  peculiar  customs  of  the  burghs.  We  find  in  it  and  in  other  docu- 
ments relating  to  the  Saxon  times,  indications  of  the  possession  by  the 
burgesses  of  common  property,  held  for  the  benefit  of  the  body  of  the 
town's  people — property  which  sometimes  appears  to  have  been  enjoyed 
by  the  people  in  common,  and  at  others  to  have  been  let  out  to  persons  who 
paid  rent  to  the  burgesses,  as  landlords.  It  is  clear  that,  from  a  very 
early  period,  the  burghs  were  separate  jurisdictions,  having  courts  within 
themselves,  and  altogether  independent  of  the  courts  of  the  hundred  and 
shire ;  and  many  writers  have  thought  they  have  discovered  traces  of 
something  like  a  municipal  jurisdiction  over  the  affairs  of  the  burghs,  vested, 
not  in  an  officer  appointed  by  the  king,  but  in  magistrates  probably  chosen 
by  the  '  burghers '  themselves.  It  is  true  that  Domesday  may  be  re- 
garded as  nearly  silent  upon  these  questions :  there  is  no  certain  indica- 
tion in  it  of  the  existence  of  any  such  magistrates :  but,  on  the  other 
hand,  it  may  be  said  that  this  record  was  taken  for  a  purpose  which  was 
merely  fiscal,  and  altogether  distinct  from  any  inquiry  into  municipal  ju- 
risdictions ;  and,  therefore,  that  its  silence  affords  no  conclusive  argument 
against  their  existence.  The  possession  of  common  property  by  an  ag- 
gregate body,  seems  to  render  some  sort  of  magistracy  necessary  for  its 
management ;  and,  although  magistrates  chosen  for  that  specific  purp(»e 
would  not  necessarily  have  any  jurisdiction  over  the  persons  of  the 
burghers,  or  the  general  affairs  of  the  boroughs,  it  is  highly  probable  that 
out  of  that  source  may  have  arisen  much  municipal  authority.  The  his- 
tory of  all  boroughs  proves  to  demcmstration  that  it  is  more  easy  to  extend 
a  jurisdiction  than  to  create  one. 

Our  early  sovereigns,  and  especially  King  John,  granted  many  charters 
to  boroughs,  principally  confirmatory  of  their  ancient  privileges.  As  a 
specimen  as  well  of  the  general  nature  of  these  charters,  as  of  the  man- 
ner of  abstracting  these  documents  adopted  by  our  authors,  we  shall 
extract  their  account  of  King  John's  Charter  to  Dunwich  : 


J835.3  History  of  Boroughs,  by  Merewether  and  Stephens.  341 

**  In  the  same  year  ^  of  this  King's  reign,  a  charter  was  also  given  to  the  burgenet 
of  Dtinwich,  granting  that  it  should  be  a  free  borouffh ;  and  have  soc  and  sac'  toll, 
them,  and  infangthef. 

"  That  the  burgesses  should  be  free  of  toll,  lastage,  and  passage,  &c. ;  *  with  all 
other  customs,  saving  the  liberty  of  the  City  of  London.  That  they  should  render 
their  accustomed  farm  by  their  own  hand.  Tliat  they  should  do  no  suit  of  counties 
or  hundreds,  unless  before  the  king's  justices.  And  when  summoned  before  them, 
they  might  send  for  themselves  twelve  lawful  men  of  their  borough,  who  might  be  for 
them  alL  And  if  by  chance  they  ought  to  be  amerced,  they  should  l)e  amerced  by 
six  jost  men  qf  their  own  borough  and  by  six  honest  men  without  the  borough. 

"  That  their  sons  and  daughters  might  freely  marry  where  they  willed ;  and  widows, 
in  the  same  manner,  by  the  counsel  of  their  friends. 

"  That  they  might  give  or  seU  their  purchases  of  land  and  buildings  in  the  town,  or 
do  therewith  what  and  when  they  willed. 

"  And  alto  might  have  a  house  and  a  guild-merchant  as  they  might  have  been  accus- 
tomed."    Merewether  and  Stephens,  p.  402,  vol  I. 

Notvntbstandiug  the  variety  of  immunities  granted  by  this  and  the 
other  charters  of  this  period,  they  do  not  appear  to  have  in  any  instance 
directly  comprehended  those  peculiar  pri\ileges  which  are  necessary  in  the 
eye  of  the  law  to  constitute  a  corporation ;  that  is,  the  power  of  suing  and 
being  sued  by  some  corporate  name,  and  the  power  of  holding  property  in 
perpetuity  by  succession.  The  first  direct  charter  of  municipal  incorpo- 
ration was  granted,  as  the  authors  of  this  work  seem  to  prove,  in  the 
reugtk  of  Hcnr)'  VI.  In  the  following  reign  it  first  became  the  practice  of 
the  courts  of  law  to  infer  the  existence  of  corporations  from  grants  of 
immunities  similar  to  the  one  we  have  quoted.  At  a  subsequent  period 
they  began  to  declare  in  favour  of  corporations  by  prescription  ;  that  is, 
such  corporations  as  they  could  infer  to  have  existed  before  the  time  of 
legal  memory.  These  doctrines  have  prevailed  in  oar  courts  until  the 
present  day  ;  they  are  settled  principles  of  our  law ;  and  have  been  over 
and  over  again  sanctioned  by  the  House  of  Commons.  It  is  by  means  of 
inference  and  prescription  that  the  origin  of  the  greater  number  of  the 
existing  corporations  is  legally  accounted  for  and  defended ;  and,  upon  the 
same  grounds,  are  founded  very  many  of  the  various  usages  prevalent  in 
corporations,  and  the  want  of  uniformity  in  the  nature  and  mode  of  elec- 
tion of  their  governing  bodies,  and  the  description  of  persons  entitled  to 
become  burgesses  or  freemen. 

This  short  outline  of  the  history  of  Boroughs  will  prepare  our  readers 
for  the  consideration  of  the  present  volumes,  which  contain  various  doc- 
trines with  which  the  public  are  not  as  yet  familiarized.  The  work  con- 
sists of  a  compilation  of  passages  relative  to  boroughs,  burgesses,  corpo- 
rations and  their  privileges,  extracted  from  records  and  legal  and  historical 
works  from  the  earliest  period  to  the  present  time.  Every  thing  which 
the  research  of  the  authors  could  discover  in  any  way  applicable  to  their 
subject,  is  here  collected  in  a  condensed  form,  from  the  ISaxon  laws,  from 


'  It  is  difficult  to  connect  thiij  statement  with  any  preceding  date  in  the  text :  but 
in  the  margin  is  the  date  '  1199.'  The  <:harter  was  granted  :J9th  June,  I  John. 
A.D.   1199.   Madox.   Exche<i.  vol.  i.  p.  402. 

'  Under  the  technical  words,  '  soc  and  sac,'  were  granted  a  jurisdiction  indepen- 
dent of  the  county.  '  Toll'  here  means  a  right  to  hold  a  market;  '  theiu,'  was  the 
forfeiture  of  stolen  goods  ;  '  infangthef,'  a  jurisdiction  over  theft ;  '  lestage,'  a  pay- 
ment for  permission  to  travel  about  to  markets  and  fairs  with  iiicrchnndi/.<-s  for  sale ; 
'  passage,'  a  payment  upon  passing  through  gates,  towns,  or  other  privileged  places. 

3  The  words  included  in  this  &c.  are  '  pontage,'  a  payment  upon  crossing  bridges; 
'  stallage,'  a  payment  for  permission  to  erect  stalls  in  markets  and  fairs  ;  '  leue',  pro- 
bably a  tribute  or  levy  ;  danegeld,  ewage,  wreck,  and  lagan. 


342  History  of  Borovtjhs,  hif  Meretvether  and  Sirphens. 


[April. 


Domesday,  CilanvUle,  Britton,  Brai'toii,  Flcta,  The  Mirror,  The  Cliartcr 
Rolls,  Tlie  Year  Ro«ks,  The  Parliament  Rolls,  The  Statutes,  The  Law 
Reports,  Brady  on  Boroughs,  The  Paston  Letters,  and  various  municipal 
documents  and  other  aiatlt-rs  less  rouimon  than  those  we  have  eniimerate-d. 
All  this  is  accompanied  by  a  running  commentary,  in  uhich  the  peculiar 
opinions  of  the  authorii  are  brought  forward  and  supported.  There  is  also 
a  gnumiing  up  of  their  '  case'  at  the  coucluston  of  evcr>"  reign,  and  at  va- 
rious other  stages  of  their  progress  ;  and  a  general  Introduction,  in  which 
all  the  results  are  presented  to  the  reader  at  one  view. 

Of  tlje  Introdnctinn  we  would  speak  in  terms  of  high  commendation  ;  it 
is  an  able  condeiisatiuu  of  the  views  of  the  authors,  and  presents  a  skilful 
sumraury  of  the  information  scattered  through  their  bulky  volumes.  W'c 
cannot  extend  the  same  praise  to  the  compilation  itself.  It  is  too  cum- 
brous and  laboured  5  tlie  authors  appear  too  auxioos  to  keep  the  point*  of 
their  argument  perpetually  in  the  sight  of  their  readers;  and,  above  all, 
and  more  than  all,  they  are  careless  and  incorrect  in  their  statements  of 
facts.  Wg  have,  indeed,  bten  surprised  at  the  number  of  mistakes  which 
have  occurred  to  us  on  going  through  their  volumes.  Many  of  them  are 
not  of  ver}'  great  liujjortjince ;  tUcy  do  not,  that  is,  materially  affect  the 
argument  of  the  work  ;  but  tlieir  nnmlx-r  has  gone  far  to  destroy  our 
confidence  in  the  authors,  and  to  prove  to  us  that  they  have  written  either 
in  extreme  haiste,  or  with  very  little  ae(|uaiutance  with  the  historical  and 
anticjuarian  portion  of  their  subject,  lu  some  instances,  indeed,  haste  is  its 
palpable  aa  it  can  be.  The  authors  seem  to  Jiave  l)een  running  a  race,  whether 
with  the  Municipal  Corporation  Commissioners,  or  any  otiier  candidates  for 
public  favour,  they  have  not  informed  us  ;  but 'haste,  post  haste,' is  as  clearly 
impressed  upon  theirpages.  as  itusedto  be  upon  the  epistolary  broad  sheets  of 
our  forefathers.  And  yet  in  some  resptTts  one  would  think  these  pages  had 
been  compiled  years  ago  ;  for  nuich,  we  lielieve  we  might  say  the  greater 
part,  of  the  2413  pages,  wliich  the  continued  jwigingof  the  volumes  reminds 
us  they  contain,  refers  to  a  state  of  things  now  altogether  at  an  end,  and  to 
the  exercise  of  franchises  which  the  Reform  Act  lias  taken  away  for  ever. 
Of  course,  some  remarks  ui>oa  the  ancient  Parliamcntarj  franchise  were 
not  merely  desirable, — they  were  necessary ;  but  the  minute  and  reiterated 
investigation  of  cases  before  Parliamentary  Committees,  which  have  now, 
to  say  the  least  of  them,  lost  half  their  interest,  was  altogether  misplaced. 
Probably  we  have  no  right  to  liazard  conjectures  in  such  a  matter;  but  it 
really  seems  to  us  as  if  the  greater  part  of  these  volumes  had  been  compiled 
some  time  ago  for  a  history  of  Boroughs,  w  ith  reference  principally  to  the 
Parliamentary  franchise.  Its  utility  in  that  shajjc  was  probably  put  an  end 
to  by  the  Keform  .\ct ;  but,  to  prevent  a  total  disappointment  of  the 
authors  and  the  public,  it  has  been  dished  up  in  a  new  form,  and  sent  in  a 
harry  int-o  the  world,  to  pre-occnpy,  we  had  almost  said  to  prejudice,  the 
public  mind  upon  thtr  subject  of  the  Corporation  Commission.  I,^t  lis 
not  be  nndersto<^d  to  have  any  great  partifJity  for  that  Coromismion.  it 
seems  to  us  that  it  was  extremely  improper  to  put  the  (ireat  Seal  to  a 
document  which  cmifcssedly  contained  some  thitigs  which  were  illegal ; 
that  it  was  a  bad  precedent,  and  ought  not  to  be  fullowrd  : — but  the  inquiry 
has  been  takrn  ;  as  far  as  we  have  h<-ard,  thr  ComadsMoncrs  genenilly 
executed  their  ta^k  with  di«cretioa  ;  the  rountrj-  is  waiting  anxiously  for 
their  report;  and  notliing  ought  to  l)e  done  which  can  in  any  manner 
interfere  with  the  fair  and  unbiassed  consideration  of  their  !>ugge»tioDS. 
It  i«  adwuys  disagrceJ^ble  to  dw  ell  upon  defects  ;  but  in  our  own  jnstifi- 


1835.]  History  ofBorcuyhs,  by  Metewether  and  Stephens.  343 

cation  we  must  select  a  few  passages,  which  we  fear  our  readers  will 
think  quite  sufficient  to  prove  that,  however  excellent  these  gentlemen  may 
be  as  practical  lawyers,  they  have  no  great  merit  as  historical  antiquaries. 

The  first  passage  which  occurs  to  us  relates  to  the  Winchester  Domes- 
day.   Our  authors  say : 

""  This  King  [Henry  I.]  seems  to  have  followed  the  steps  of  his  brother  in  com- 
piling the  Domesday  Book  of  Winchester,  called  the  '  Winton  Dom  Boc' ;  and  it 
appears  to  have  been  formed  upon  the  oaths  of  80  burgesses — no  doubt  of  Winchester. 
A  copy  of  this  record  has  been  recently  made  from  the  original,  and  is  in  the  posses- 
aion  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries.' — p.  304. 

Here  is  a  curious  collection  of  blunders !  1.  Henry  I.  was,  as  all  the 
world  knows,  the  son  and  not  the  brother  of  William  the  Conqueror,  in 
whose  steps  he  followed  in  the  compilation  of  this  Domesday.  2.  The 
volume  referred  to  is  no  where  called  the  '  Winton  Dom  Boc'.  3.  It 
appears  to  have  been  found  upon  the  oaths  of  '  four  score  and  six'  bur- 
gesses, and  not  of  80.  4.  We  are  not  left  to  infer  that  they  were  bur- 
gesses of  Winchester  ;  they  are  expressly  stated  to  be  '  superior  burgesses' 
of  that  city.  5.  The  manuscript  of  this  record,  in  the  possession  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  cannot  be  a  recent  copy,  for  it  has  been  many 
years  in  their  library.  6.  Instead  of  a  copy  recently  made,  it  is  a  manu- 
script of  very  high  antiquity ;  and  not  merely  so,  but  it  is  the  only  manu- 
script of  this  important  record  known  to  be  in  existence. 

If  \vc  pass  on  a  few  pages  we  find, 

"  We  have  before  mentioned  a  pipe  roll,  which  by  some  is  attributed  to  the  reign 
of  Henry  I. ;  but  which,  in  point  of  fact,  is  appended  to  those  of  the  fifth  year  of 
this  King  [Stephen],  from  which  time  there  is  a  regular  succession  of  them." 

And  then  in  a  note, 

"  These  rolls  are  now  deposited  in  the  British  Museum." — Vol.  I.  p.  320. 

Now  the  well-known  Pipe  Roll  here  spoken  of,  although  generally  quoted 
by  early  antiquaries  as  the  '  Rot.  5ti  Steph.'  was  proved  long  ago  by 
Mndox  to  belong  to  the  reign  of  Henry  I.,  and  was  lately  published  with 
an  Introduction  by  Mr.  Hunter,  in  which  it  is  traced  to  the  3 1  Henry  I. 
That  it  is  not  appended  to  '  those,'  that  is,  the  Pipe  Rolls  of  the  oth  year 
of  King  Stephen,  appears  from  this  simple  fact,  that  there  are  no  Pipe 
Rolls  of  that  year.  Nor  is  there  a  regular  succession  of  these  Rolls  from 
the  5th  of  Stei)heu — the  earliest  of  them,  with  the  exception  of  the 
one  of  Slst  Henry  1.,  not  going  beyond  the  2d  Henry  II.  Nor  are  the 
original  Pipe  Rolls  now  in  the  British  Museum,  but  an  incomplete  series 
of  copies  of  them,  known  as  *  The  Chancellor's  Rolls.' 

If  we  proceed  onwards  to  the  extracts  from  the  Roll  itself,  we  shall  not 
find  the  authors  much  more  fortunate.  Rcstoldus,  the  Sheriff  of  Ox- 
fordshire, is  the  person  they  designate  *  Bestoldus,'  p.  320.  *  The  Cor- 
vesarii,'  they  tell  us,  '  render  an  account  of  Queens  silver  for  a  regrant  of 
their  guild.' — ibid.  The  enti7  on  the  Roll  may  be  thus  translated: — 'The 
Corvesarii  of  Oxford  render  an  account  of  five  ounces  of  gold  on  account 
of  their  fine  for  having  their  guild  again.'  Where  the  authors  found  their 
'  Queen's  silver,'  or  what  '  Queens  silver  is,  we  do  not  know.  There  is 
*  Queen's  gold,'  and  '  King's  silver,'  but  this  is  neither  of  them.  '  The  toll 
of  the  market  of  Salisbur)*  is  mentioned  as  belonging  to  the  town  of 
Wilton.' — p.  321.  The  Roll  states  this  toll  to  have  belonged  to  the  'farm,' 
of  Wilton,  a  very  different  matter.     The  next  passage  stands  thus.     *  A 


344  Hittorjf  of  Boroughs,  by  Merewetker  and  Sickens.  [April, 

sum  IB  pardoned  to  the  burgesses  of  Dorchester  on  the  gnmnd  of  their 
powrty.'— p.  32 1 .  The  entry  is,  '  To  the  Bun^eases  of  Dorchester  40t.; 
withoQt  any  mention  of  their  poverty.  Preceding  it,  however,  is  a  pudon 
to  the  Burgesses  of  St.  Edward  upon  that  ground ;  so  that  the  anthors  hare 
confused  the  two  entries.  '  niomas  of  ^Vorcester  has  a  debet  that  he 
might  be  alderman  in  the  guild  of  the  merchants  of  Worcester: — p.  321. 
^S  e  cannot  find  any  such  entry,  but  there  is  oae  like  it  in  the  accounts  of 
Yorkshire,  relating  to  '  Thomas  de  Evencic,'*OT  York,  which  we  presone 
the  authors  have  mistaken  for  Worcester.  '  Robert  of  Hastings  [renders 
an  account]  of  the  lestage  of  Hastings  and  Rye.'— u.  321.  This  account 
was  rendered  by  JVilliam,  the  wn  of  Robert  of  Hastings.  *  The  aid  <rf 
Tamworth  is  excused  upon  account  of  poverty.' — p.  321.  Only  25s.  part 
of  the  tud  of  Tamworth  was  excused.  '  The  Burgesses  of  Doriiam  ac- 
count for  lOQs.  of  a  plea,  and  50s.  given  to  them  as  a  free  gift  on  account 
of  the  burning  of  their  houses.' — p.  32 1 .  The  entry  stands  thus,  '  The 
Burgesses  of  Durham  rvnder  account  of  1 00s.  of  the  rleas  of  Eustace 
Fitz  John.  By  money  40^.,  and  hy  a  pardon  by  the  King's  writ  to  the 
same  Bui^sses  GOs.,  on  account  of  the  burning  of  their  houses.' 

All  these  passages  relating  to  the  Pipe  Rolls  occur  in  two  {Higes.  Dip- 
ping again  into  the  volume,  we  find 

"  The  King  [John]  also  immediately  upon  his  ascending  the  throne,  for  he  rae- 
reeded  to  the  crown  on  tlie  oth  of  April,  and  on  the  2.*>th  of  the  next  month  he 
granted  to  the  Uurgene*  of  Ip$trieh,  the  borough,"  &c. — p.  391. 

We  sh.ill  abstain,  as  we  have  done  with  the  passages  wc  have  quoted  be- 
fore, frum  any  remarks  upon  the  composition  of  this  sentence :  grammar 
is  a  branch  of  polite  learning  with  which  antiquaries  are  not  presumed  to 
have  much  ac<iuaintance ;  but  how  stand  the  facts  ?  Richard  I.  died  on 
the  6th  of  April,  1 199.  The  reign  of  John  was  calculated  to  commence 
on  Ascension  Day,  1199,  that  is,  the  27th  May,  the  day  of  his  Coronsr 
tion,  and  the  years  of  his  reign  were  reckoned  from  Ascenrion  Day  to  As- 
cension Day.  The  25th  of  May,  subsequent  to  the  death  of  his  brother, 
was  before  the  commencement  of  his  reign.  In  the  Ist  year  of  his  reign, 
it  happened  that  there  was  no  27th  of  May.  If,  therefore,  the  Ipswich 
charter  bears  date  on  the  first  27th  of  May  which  occurred  in  John's 
reign,  it  was  granted  12  months,  and  not  in  the  next  month,  after  his  ac- 
cession. We  have  no  means  of  referring  to  the  Charter  Roll,  but  amidst 
all  their  blundering  our  authors  help  us  to  the  fact,  for  at  the  bottom  of 
page  392  there  is  a  reference  to  the  Charter  Rolls  of  the  2d  John,  but 
without  any  mark  in  the  text  indicative  of  the  fact  asserted  upon  the  au- 
thority referred  to  ;  and  upon  looking  at  the  calendar  of  the  Charter  Rolls, 
we  find  that  this  is  a  reference  to  the  very  Charter  stated  to  be  granted  to 
Ipswich,  and  that  it  is  dated,  not  in  the  next  month  after  his  accession, 
but  in  the  second  year  of  his  reign.  Surely  such  a  mistake  could  not  have 
occurred,  if  the  Charter  Rolls  themseh'cs  had  been  inspected. 

Instances  of  mistakes  equally  singular  occur  throughout  the  antiquarian 
portions  of  the  work.     W't  will  howet'er  mention  but  one  more. 

"  In  the  same  book  [Ryley'a  Plac.  Pari.]  there  i«  a  petition  from  Scotland,  stating, 
♦hat  their  Kein-esentatives  were  elected  by  the  whole  community  of  the  kingdom." — 
p.  441, 

This  passage  is  rather  startling,  and  upon  firat  reading  it  we  turned  to 
the  authority  for  a  corroboration  of  the  fact,  having  already  learnt  that  we 


1835.3      Higlory  of  Boroughs,  by  Merewether  and  Stephent.  345 

coald  not  entirely  depend  upon  these  authors.  We  found,  not  a  petition 
from  Scotland,  but  a  memorandum  of  a  conference  with  certain  persons 
of  importance  in  that  country  respecting  the  holding  of  a  Parliament  for 
Scotland.  The  persons  consulted  delivered  their  advice,  and  then  petition- 
ed the  King^  that  the  *  men  who  should  be  elected  for  the  Commonalty  of 
Scotlan<r  should  have  their  expences.  It  is  needless  to  point  out  the  dis- 
crepancies between  this  statement  and  that  of  our  authors. 

We  might  multiply  instances  beyond  number,  but  we  forbear.  Enough 
has  been  done  to  shew  that  the  authors  are  entirely  strangers  to  that 
minute  accuracy  of  statement,  which  at  the  present  time  is  so  peculiarly 
studied  by  all  antiquarian  authors  of  any  name.  Many  of  the  misstate- 
ments are  foolish  in  the  extreme,  and  occur  in  documents  which  have  really 
little  to  do  with  the  subject  of  the  work,  and  seem  to  have  been  introduced 
vaxae  by  way  of  exhibiting  the  learning  of  the  authors,  than  with  any  view 
of  aiding  their  argument  3 — a  motive  which  wc  tnist  will  be  duly 
appreciated. 

One  half  of  the  first  volume  is  occupied  by  a  commentary  upon  the 
various  passages  relating  to  '  burghers'  scattered  throughout  Domesday. 
As  might  be  expected  from  its  extreme  length,  this  commentary  is  of  too 
rambling  and  discursive  a  character  to  be  very  effective.  Much  of  the 
subsequent  history  of  the  Boroughs,  with  details  of  proceedings  upon  Com- 
mittees relating  to  their  Parliamentary  franchises,  is  injudiciously  inter- 
woven with  this  part  of  the  work,  where  it  is  completely  out  of  place,  and 
merely  mars  the  effect  of  some  occasionally  very  judicious  remarks  upon 
that  which  is  here  the  main  subject  of  inquiry — Domesday  itself.  The 
question  has  never  been  treated  in  the  minute  manner  in  which  it  is  here 
investigated ;  and  although  we  occasionally  meet  with  startling  passages, 
snch  as  that  Domesday  was  eight  years  in  the  compilation,  there  are  pro- 
bably forty  or  fifty  pages  upon  this  subject  which  deser^-e  more  attention 
than  we  can  at  present  bestow  upon  them. 

But  let  us  pass  to  the  results  at  which  the  authors  have  arrived.  We 
shall  here  quote  their  own  words. 

1ft.  "  That  Boroughs  existed  in  this  country  from  the  earliest  periods  of  our  au- 
thentic history;  and  that,  although  all  Boroughs  were  not  Cities,  all  Cities  were 
Boroughs,  and  had  their  municipal  rights  in  that  character  alone. 

Sd.  "  That  they  were  all  essentially  alike  in  their  object,  constitution,  and  general 
ebaraeter,  as  well  in  England,  as  in  Wales,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

3d.  "  That  the  same  class  of  persons  originally  formed  the  body  of  Burgesses  in  all 
Boroughs. 

4th.  "  That  this  class  has  never  been  directly  changed  from  the  earliest  time  to  the 
present  moment. 

5th.  "That  the  Burgesses  were  the  permanent  free-inhabitants  of  the  Borougha, 
performing  their  duties,  and  enjoying  their  privileges — as  the  free  inhabitant  house- 
holders paying  scot  and  bearing  lot;  presented,  sworn,  and  enrolled  at  the  Court 
Leet. 

6th.  "  That  they  had  no  other  character  till  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  when  the  first 
Charter  of  Municipal  Incorporation  was  granted,  which  superinduced  upon  the 
original  character  of  Burgesses  that  of  Corporators  also— for  the  purpose  of 
giving  them  the  power  of  taking  and  inheriting  lands  by  succession  ;  and  of  suing 
and  l^ng  sued  by  their  corporate  name.  But  the  class  of  persons  continued  still 
the  same. 

7th.  "  That  the  power  of  selecting  the  Burgesses,  now  exercised  by  the  Corpora- 
tions or  their  select  bodies,  by  which,  in  some  places,  the  numbers  are  reduced  to  the 
smallest — and  in  others,  increased  to  an  equally  improper  amount,  is  a  manifest 
usurpation,  and  only  supported  by  modem  decisions. 

8th.  "  That  non-resident  Burgesses  were  first  introduced  in  direct  defiance  of  the 
Parliamentary  writ,  and  the  Statutes  of  the  Realm,  in  the  instances  of  the  persons 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  III.  '2  Y 


Hlatory  of  Boroughs,  by  Mcrewether  and  Stephe)ig. 

electrrl  ns  representatives,  und  afterwarda  extebdcd  by  usur|>atioQ  to  the  electors  \ 
particularly  On  the  Restoration  of  Charles  II.,  when,  under  the  Statute  of  the  I3tb 
year  of  that  reign,  the  resident  corporators  were  expelled  from  their  offices  by  the 
King's  commissions  ;  and  the  great  officers  of  state,  and  other  persooB,  were  iiitro- 
Auctsi  in  their  stead — another  manifest  encroacbmeat  upon  the  ancient  MOipUcity  of 
these  institadon.H. 

9lh.  "  That  Blthoiig;h  these  ujsuqiations  were  in  some  places  corrected  after  the  Re- 
storation, yet  in  others  they  were  improperly  continued,  and  were  subsequently  sanc- 
tioned by  le-ia]  authority. 

loth.  "That  the  result  of  supporting  thcxe  usurpations,  and  the  various  nsagct 
which  in  different  pliices  have  spruni^  out  of  them,  has  produced  an  anomalous,  com- 
plicated, and  uniiitclbg'ible  tty»l«m,  whirh  has  given  birth  to  a  dittinct  branch  of  th< 
law,  relative  to  C'orporat»on>  — more  iutj-icate  and  oiyHterinus  than  any  other;  not 
known  by  those  whvi  uct  under  it,  altogether  hid  from  the  unlearned,  and  but  partiallj 
revealed  to  the  learned. 

llth.  "  Th:it  nothing  can  restore  the»e  municipal  in.irilutions  to  a  reasonable  ttul 
prvctical  form,  but  re-eitablishinjj  the  aucicnt  uniformity  of  their  rights  and  privi- 
leges:  by  which  meami  they  may  be  equally  known  and  understood  by  all  claasea; 
and  any  ub'ise,  or  departure  from  the  general  jirinciple,  would  b«  instantly  corrected 
by  the  iniluence  of  public  opinion,  or  by  uniform  judicial  detcnninations." — Introd. 
p.  V. — vi. 

The  learucd  Serjeant,  ulioae  name  stands  first  upon  the  title  page,  baa 
already,  in  t»o  or  three  publications,  and,  e8i>ecially,  in  liis  Urport  of  tlie 
West  Ix»oe  Case,  publislied  in  1^»:23,  endeavoured,  rather  uusuccessfuUy,  to 
draw  tlie  puliiic  nttt-ntiou  to  his  opinions  upon  this  subject.  For  ourseiveK, 
wc  are  soinuwhat  itietined  to  favour  his  uotiuiis  as  to  the  persons  who  were 
anciently  denominated  htirgcsses  ;  and,  ue  think,  if  the  facts  are  to  be 
depended  upon,  it  is  pretty  clearly  made  out  th.it  the  first  direct  Charter 
of  incorporation ,  according  to  the  legal  uje;uiing  of  that  word,  \v.^9  gruited 
in  the  reign  nf  Henry  VI.  Further  than  tbi«  we  cannot  go  ;  and  uur  con- 
fidence in  the  correctness  of  even  these  conclusions,  so  far  as  that  eonh- 
dence  rcats  upon  the  present  volumes,  would  be  much  stronger  if  the 
authors  Iiad  arrived  at  ti»em  as  the  results  of  a  purely  literary  inquiry^ 
Here  it  is  uot  so.  Tiie  object  of  the  autliors  is  not  Uterary  but  pohtical. 
Their  work  eorislitutes  the  '  case'  of  one  of  tlie  jiarties  in  a  great  political 
contest ;  and  on  that  account,  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  carelessness  of 
its  authors  as  to  facts,  ought  to  be  received  «ith  extreme  caution.  If  no 
direct  incorporation  took  place  until  the  reign  <<f  Henry  V'l.^  we  caiinot 
think  the  authors  have  bhewu  that  the  lliiiig  iiieaitt  was  not  well  known, 
and,  in  substance,  practised  \ov^  anterior  to  that  time.  Many  of  the  u- 
gnments  of  our  authors  npoa  these  points,  and  especially  that  relating  to 
grants  to  burgesses  and  their  '  heirs,'  instead  of  to  them  and  their  '  wcre*- 
sors,'  seem  to  us  ('  not  to  speak  it  profanely*)  mere  quibbles.  For  any  tbJi\g 
we  have  fonnd  in  these  volumes,  we  caivnot  consent  to  overturn  the  old  doc- 
trine of  inferring  the  existence  of  Corporate  privileges  from  the  nature  of 
the  ancient  grants  of  liberties  ; — a  doctrine  first  sanctioned  by  our  CourM 
when  the  subject  most  have  been  full  within  their  knowledge,  and  oofy 
27  years  (not  127  years,  as  erroneously  Mated  by  our  authors  in  the  lutrod. 
p.  xxxiii  ),  after  the  grant  of  tlie  first  Charter  of  direct  incorporation. 

But  after  all,  the  main  point  in  these  volumes  is  the  political  (]ucstion, 
and  there  the  object  of  the  authors  is  to  establish  in  all  corporations  a 
general  suffrage  of  inhabitant  householders.  "  The^e  persons,"  say  they, 
"were  the  burgesses  at  the  Common  l.uw  ;  by  our  antiquarian  skill  we 
have  discovered  them  in  the  Suxon  i^atvs,  we  have  disinterred  them  from 
Domesday  ; — their  right  conid  not  legally  be  lost  by  non-nse,  or  Inpste  of 
time  i  Dor  cuu  there  Ik  any  prescription  against  it  in  Cor{H>ra lions,  because 


I 


1:^5.]       Hittory  of  Borough*,  by  Merewether  and  Stq^au,  347 

CorporatioBs  did  not  exist  until  after  the  reign  of  Richard  I.,  the  legal 
period  of  prescription ;  nor  can  it  be  taken  away  by  Charter^  being  a  right 
over  which  the  Executive  has  no  control.  Go  fa^ck  then  to  the  institationa 
of  your  ancestors  ;  revive  the  practices  of  a  people  whom  you  are  foolishly 
accustomed  to  disregard ;  our  scheme  once  existed  amongst  your  fore- 
fatherSj  and  where  is  the  person  bold  or  conceited  enough  to  suppose  that 
he  can  devise  any  thing  better  ?"  We  fear  a  great  deal  of  this  reasoning  is 
too  refined  '  for  ears  profane,'  and  even  to  those  who  can  fully  enter  into  it« 
we  do  not  imagine  it  will  be  found  very  convincing.  The  science  of  go- 
vernment, it  has  been  over  and  over  again  remarked,  in  the  spirit  if  not  in 
the  very  words  of  Burke,  is  eminently  practical.  It  is  a  science  in  which 
the  means  ought  to  be  studied  almost  solely  with  a  view  to  the  end  proposed^ 
and  remedies  applied  with  a  direct  aim  at  the  evil  intended  to  be  eradi* 
cated.  Can  it  be  wise  policy  to  ailopt  a  scheme,  the  fitness  of  which  is 
ifot  shewn,  but  merely  that  it  existed  many  centuries  ago  ?  Can  it  be 
good  argument,  tliat  because  at  an  early  period  of  our  history  the  inhabi> 
tants  were  the  bui^esses,  therefore  they  ought  to  be  the  burgesses  now  > 

"  Many  a  slow  centurj  since  that  day  hath  fiU'd 
Its  course," 

and  produced  such  changes  in  the  whole  framework  of  society,  that  it  \H 
easier  for  us  to  imagine  the  condition  of  almost  any  other  people  than  that 
of  our  own  Saxon  ancestors.  A  nation,  the  bulk  of  whose  population 
were  slaves,  has  purified  from  slavery  even  the  very  air  it  breathes;  a 
people  sunk  in  superstition  have  had  their  minds  cleansed  by  the  influences 
of  a  better  futh ;  a  countr)-  which  successively  became  the  prey  of  every 
bold  invader,  has  risen  to  the  dignity  of  one  of  '  the  foremost  states  in  aU 
the  world;'  men  comparatively  unskilled  in  arts,  manufactures,  and  com- 
merce, have  been  succeeded  by  a  race  who,  retaining  their  hereditary  love 
of  enterprise,  are  yet  distinguished  for  ingenuity  and  refinement :  but  all 
these  incontestable  differences  are  to  be  as  mere  dust  in  the  balance,  the 
fault)'  institutions  of  the  present  day  are  to  be  replaced  by  others  with  respect 
to  which  all  that  is  contended  is  that  they  existed  in  a  by-gone  state  of  society. 
This  is  indeed  to  clothe  the  man  in  the  habiliments  of  the  child !  As  rea- 
sonable would  it  be  in  case  of  the  repair  of  one  of  our  stately  cathedrals, 
to  replace  it  with  a  timber  church  erected  after  the  fashion  of  the  Saxons, 
—a  heresy  which  if  proposed  would  doubtless  find 

— . "  Some  sober  brow 

To  bless  it,  and  approve  it  with  a  text ;" 

as  reasonable  to  impose  upon  us  the  shackles  of  the  free-borgh  or  pledge 
system  because  some  persons  complain  of  our  police.  ' '  The  wisdom  of 
our  ancestors '  has  become  a  bye-word,  a  phrase  of  ridicule  and  contempt, 
solely  in  consequence  of  follies  like  this.  Their  wisdom  was  truly  shown 
in  permitting  their  worn-out  systems  to  fall  into  desuetude,  and  in  gra- 
dually adapting  their  institutions  to  the  increasing  wants  and  altered  situ- 
ations of  the  people.  The  antiquary  may  find  delight  in  revinng  the 
faded  images  of  their  peculiarities,  the  statesman  may  derive  practical 
lessons  from  tracing  the  rise  and  fall  of  their  jurisdictions  ;  but  it  never  can 
be  wise  to  reconstruct,  in  altered  circumstances,  institutions  which  were 
permitted  to  sink  gradually  into  decay  by  people  who  for  several  centuries 
had  experience  of  their  practical  effects,  merely  because  the  politicians  of 
the  present  day  are  dissatisfied  with  the  existing  form  of  municipal  govern- 
ment.    Useful  institutions  are  seldom  permitted  to  fall  into  disuse,  and  tho 


34d  Hutorjf  of  Boroughs,  by  Merewether  md  Slepkemt.        [April, 

mere  fact  that  aoy  usage  has  become  obsolete,  goes  far  towards  showiog 
that  society  has  outgrown  it,  and  that  it  has  become  inapplicable  to  the 
circumstances  and  condition  of  the  people. 

But  the  argument  agaiust  this  scheme  can  be  carried  much  farther  than 
this.  No  general  attempt- is  made  in  this  work  to  prove  that  any  practi- 
cal benefit  would  be  likely  to  result  from  this  contemplated  return  to 
ancient  institutions ; — the  authors  have  limited  themselves  upon  this  head 
to  a  few  remarks,  inferences,  and  assertions,  scattered  throoghoat  their 
work.  Indeed,  the  practical  grievances  complained  of  are  not  exjriamM, 
and  therefore  the  authors  could  not  very  well  discuss  their  proposed 
remedy.  In  the  few  instances  in  which  they  have  entered  into  aojrthiog 
like  a  defence  of  their  schemes,  we  And  them  about  as  correct  in  their 
facts  as  we  have  shewn  them  to  be  in  their  antiquarian  details.  Sooth- 
wold  happens  to  be  a  borough  in  which  all  the  inhabitants  are  burgesses. 
It  is  a  small  town  situate  upon  the  coast  of  Suffolk,  considerably  frequented 
as  a  watering  place,  but  remarkable  for  nothing,  that  we  ever  heard  of,  hot 
the  battle  of  Solebay  fought  near  it  in  the  year  1 672.  The  peculiarity  in 
its  municipal  constitution  gave  it  favour  iu  the  eyes  of  our  authors,  and 
occasioned  a  passage  iu  their  work  more  explanatory  upon  the  advantages 
of  household  suffrage  than  any  other  we  have  found. 

"  Southwold  never  was  a  parliamentary  borough,  and  had  nothiog  to  boast  of  but 
its  separate  jurisdiction  from  the  county,  which  was  given  to  it  by  the  Act  of 
Henry  VII.  and  under  which  it  has  been*mo8t  effectiTely  goTcmed  to  the  present 
day,  affording  one  of  the  best  specimens  of  the  practical  effect  of  our  ancient  instita- 
tions,  whilst  unperrerted  and  unabuaed,  that  is  to  be  met  with  in  the  Idagdom ; 
scarcely  presenting  an  instance  of  a  criminal  trial,  or  a  civil  law-soit,  for  many  jmtw. 
Property  is  respected  and  protected  by  the  local  administration  of  the  law,  aad  orAsr 
and  good  government  preaenred  in  the  most  exemplary  manner,  under  the  local  an- 
thorities. 

"  Other  places  may  perhaps  vie  with  it  in  this  particular ;  but  the  observation  is 
material  with  respect  to  Southwold,  because,  as  there  has  been  no  temptation  for  paf> 
Uamentary  or  political  purposes,  to  pervert  or  abuse  ita  exclusive  privileges,  they 
have  continued  in  their  original,  unaltered  purity,  and  consequently  their  efficacy  can 
be  distinctly  ascertained."* — VoL  ii.  p.  1057. 

A  more  unfortunate  statement  could  not  possibly  have  been  made. 
Southwold  is  situate  in  an  agricultural  district,  where  there  are  few 
temptations  to  crime,  and  consequently,  it  is  undoubtedly  true,  that 
as  to  criminal  trials  they  seldom  occur,  and  that  the  offences  com- 
mitted arc  generally  trivial  -, — a  statement  which  would  be  found  correct 
of  any  other  similar  town ;  but  for  '  civil  law  suits '  it  has  dealt  in  them 
by  wholesale  from  the  very  earliest  times.  Where  was  the  learned  Ser- 
jeant when  Westminster  Hall  was  lately  called  upon  solemnly  to  deter- 
mine the  right  to  a  cask  of  whiskey  litigated  by  this  Corporation  ?  They 
failed  in  their  suit,  but  rather  than  pay  the  expense  to  which  they  had 
put  their  opponents,  this  '  honourable  C^orporation "  permitted  their  ser- 
vant, against  whom  the  action  had  been  brought,  and  whom  they  had 
defended  at  their  own  cost,  to  take  the  benefit  of  the  Insolvent  Act ;  by 
which  manoeuvre  they  threw  the  expense  of  their  litigious  conduct  upon 

*  That  these  gentlemen  have  no  great  local  knowledge  of  Southwold,  is  evident 
from  their  having  described  it  as  '  eleven '  miles  distant  from  Dunwich,  a  mistake 
arising  out  of  their  having  misunderstood  the  Roman  numerals  II.  to  mean  eleven. 
The  same  mistake  has,  in  the  next  page,  converted  a  boat  with  '  two '  oars  into  a 
boat  with  •  eleven'  oars  I — Vide  vol-  II.  p.  1053.  The  '  two  miles'  mentioned  in  the 
document  referred  to,  are  the  long  miks  of  our  ancestors.  Southwold  and  Dunwich 
ire  between  four  and  fiv«  miles  apart. 


I for 

'     thi 

of 
nic 

^' 


History  of  Borouffhs,  by  Merewether  and  Stepfiens. 

the  persons  wronged.     When  the  report  of  the  Corporation  Coramissioncrs 

is  made,  we  shall  be  suqirlscd  if  a  sum  between  four  and  five  hundred  jiounds 

il>e  not  inserted  for  the  exi>ensea  paid  by  the  CorjKiration  of  Southwold,  for 

["the  defeuee  of  thi»  action.     'I'his  whiskey  case  '  followed  hard'  ufwn  some 

Other  trials  in  which  the  Corporation  expended  llill.,  and  for  eome  time 

t  they  liave  been  involved  in  another  litigation  of  a  very  expensive 

baractcr  i — we  trust  the  Serjeant  and  his  coadjutor  will  have  gratitude 

riefs.     It  will  probably  be  thougjjt  that  a  town  thus  prone  to  litigation 

U8t    have    '  a   wcU-stockit  inailen/    and    that  this   indulgence   in    legal 

Dxurics  is  merely  an  indication  of  an  over-filled  town  chest.     Alas  I   they 

are  considerable  estates — but  they  are  deeply  mortgaged  ;  tliey  have  an 

extensive  aud  \-aluable  eoitimoh — but  they  have  depreciated  it  by  inie- 

luanagement ;    Hiey  have  revenues — but  they  are  decreasing.     Perbaps 

ihey  give  attention  to  improvetuents,  and  adorn  their  town  with  public 

*  uildiogs  ?     Bear  witness  for  them  their  '  New  Town  Hall,*  erected  at  a. 

luparutively  cnormoua  expence,  and  wliich  is  '  nt  once  a  wonder  aud 

disgrace;'  perlmps  they  esf)cnfl  money  in  the  maintenance  of  inslitiUions 

for  education,  and   other  useful   public  purposes  ?     Tliey  had   a    Burgh 

hool,  but  learning  aud  litigation   were  opposed  ;  both  were  costly,  and 

th  could  not  therefore  be  uuiintained.     in  Southwold  litigation  has  ever 

thriven,  but  the  school  has  been  discunlinned.     There  is  scarcely  a  branch 

of  their  expenditure  in  which  the  public  has  not  suffered  from  misnaanage- 

ment ;  and,  notwithstanding  their  love  of  litigation,  the  apjiearauce  of  that 

rtion  of  the  town  nearest  to  the  sea,  iwdicatea  liow  nmeh  the  public 

hta  have  suffered  from  eucroachraents.     Parly  feuds  prevail  to  an  extent 

hich  certainly  equals  that  to  which   they  are  carried   in  mo^t  paiiia- 

raentary  borouglis.     Their  assemblies  are  disorderly  meetings,  in  which 

'  the  sweet  voices'  of  the  burgesses  are  somelimes  swayed  by  interested 

nning  and  sometimes  by  mere  dreamers  of  dreams.    Nothing  in  certadu 

amongst  thera  but  disagreement  and  misgovcrnmcnt ;   as  a  public  body 

tbey  have  all  the  vices  of  a  democracy  without  its  strength.     No  borough 

indeed   can  exhibit  a  more  entire   and  total  practical  refutatioji  of  the 

lousehold  burgess  scheme  than  Southvvold  the  Pure!     Aud  is  thissur- 

irising  ?     Is  it  unequalled  ?     On  the  contrary,  does  it  not  agree  with  the 

pericncc  of  every  day  r     It  is  within  the  knowlerlgc  of  every  man,  and 

las   been   established   before   Parliamentary  Committees,    that    the   most 

pular  Corporations  are    not  tlie  purest,  or    the    beat  governed ;    and 

'^hen  the  results  of  the  late  cni|uiry  are  laid  before  tlie  public,  which  will 

irobably  Ije  the  case  before  these  pages  see  the  light,  we  are  confident  it 

will  be  found  that  the  power  of  governing  by  select  bodies  in  Corporations, 

which  it  is  the  fashion  of  the  times  to  call  '  an  abnse,'  has  been  generally 

exercised  in  a  satisfactory  manner,  and  been  attended  with  considerable 

practical  advantages.     Tliat  such  Ixidies  have  imperfections, — thiit,  if  it 

be  so,  there  is  in  their  nature  a  tendency  to  abuse,  does  not  furnish  any 

argument  exclusively  against  them.     It  is  unfortunately  equally  applicable 

to  all  forms  of  government.     At  any  event,  they  have  not  the  i)eciiiiur  and 

fatal  instability  which  must  attend  government  by  popular  tissemblies,  in 

which  opinions  are  hastily  formed,  adopted  at  ouce  without  consideration 

or  judgment,  and  just  as  capriciously  abandoned. 

We  might  multiply  remarks  ujjon  these  volumes,  but  must  forbear. 
Oar  observations  have  already  extended  to  n  length  which  nothing  but  the 
great  importance  of  the  subject  cau  justify,  U'e  join  cordially  with  the 
public  at  large  iu  their  estimation  of  the  profcasioual  talents  of  these 


L 


Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  [AprU, 

authors ;  we  cheerfully  bear  our  testimony  to  the  excellent  manner  in 
which  jnsticc  is  admin istered  by  the  learned  Serjeant,  as  a  local  judge,  in 
several  places  ;  but  for  tbc  rcusoiis  u-c  have  fjiveii,  and  many  others  which 
could  be  adduced,  mc  do  tjot  tliiuk  that^  either  historically  or  politically, 
this  work  is  entitled  to  any  great  tiharc  of  public  coufidcuce. 

Amongst  the  nuinicipal  and  other  iiuiiii]!)cri[>t  documents  first  printed  in 
these  t'oluuies,  there  are  some  which  we  should  like  to  have  submitted  to 
our  readers,  but  we  have  not  left  ourselves  room.  Any  one  who  will  tako 
the  trouble  to  go  through  the  work  will  occasionally  find  some  new  and 
curious  matter  J  *is  for  instance,  the  account  of  the  proceedings  at  Ipswich 
npon  the  acceptance  of  Kijig  John's  Charter  ;  the  Yarmouth  Leet  KoUs  ; 
and  various  Ititci's  and  documents  relating  to  the  recommendation  and 
nomiitation  of  members  for  boroughs.  Some  of  these  would  have  been 
far  better  printed  entire  in  an  appendix  ;  but,  with  due  caution  as  to  the 
accuracy  of  the  authors,  they  may  be  found  useful. 


» 


DIARY  OF  A  LOVER  OF  LITERATURE. 

(Continued  from  p.  133.) 

1809. 

Jtine  17.  Read  Sir  Robert  Naunton'a  Fragmcnta  Regalia,  consisting  of 
remarks  on  Queen  Elizabeth  and  her  principal  fmnuiites,  interesting  a» 
<;oiniug  from  a  contemporary,  but  written  with  such  aifectation  and  quaint* 
Jiess,  as  often  render  the  narrative  provokingly  obscure.  Lord  Hnnsdon'i 
Letter  to  I^ord  Burleigh  appended  to  Carey's  Memoirs,  evinces  more  spirit 
than  we  should  have  supposed  would  have  been  shown  towards  the  Royal 
termngatit  Queen. 

June  19.  Parr,  in  his  Notes  to  his  I^etter  on  Fox,  p.  200,  Is  for  abo- 
lishing, und  liturd,  our  Penal  Code,  and  substituting  a  better  j  and  he 
aeerjis  to  think  that  all  objection  to  tliis  sweeping  annihilation  of  old 
statutes  will  be  removed  by  the  instrtntaueons  operation  of  new  ones  ready 
prepared  for  the  purpose.  1  hope  1  am  above  that  pedantic  professional 
technical  horror  at  innovation  in  our  laws,  which  is  the  provoking  let  to 
all  improvements,  but  I  cannot  forget  that  with  the  old  statutes  mast  be 
removed  all  those  contentions  u])on  them  by  which  dissension  has  been 
limited,  where  we  would  most  \v\^h  to  see  it  restricted  ;  and  that  with  the 
new  ones,  let  them  be  penned  with  vvhat  accuracy  and  precision  they  may, 
interpretation  must  expatiate  for  a  long  time  very  much  at  large — a  most 

formidable  difTiculty  surely  in  llic  minds  of  all  considerate  men. Feam 

assured  me  it  was  Parr*  to  whom  Boswell  alludeSj  as  the  eminent  literary 
character  who  said  of  Herbert  Croft's  Life  of  Voung — '  It  ha^  all  John- 
son's pomp  without  his  force,'  Ac. 

June  2.i.  Read  Lord  Holland' $  {/Urodwtion  to  Fox's  f/u/ory,  admirably 
well  written.  I  c-innot  help  thinking,  that  Fox's  restriction  of  history  exclu- 
Bively  to  narrative,  is  pedantic  and  irrational:  that  nothing  contentious  or  dis- 
qnisitionary  should  be  admitted  intothc  body  of  the  narrative,  I  readily  allowj 
and  in  this  respect  both  Hume  and  Robertson  and  (iibbon  arc  occasionally  in 
BOme  mcasui*  faulty;  but  what  just  objection  can  there  possibly  be  to  throiv- 
ing  such  matter,  w  ith  notes,  into  a  separate disaerUtion  >  I  am  better  pleased 

•  .See  Bo«wp4l'«  JohMoti,  by  Croker,  vol.  ir.  p.  429.  where  tlii<i  npitiix  is  riven 

by  Mr.  M»l  Burke,  not  to  Dr.  Fair,  though  It  is  uiurh  in  the  Doctor'i  hert 

mmnn.     I  "«  the  m ork  .IJudfid  to.  ia  m  Jitst  in  ita  deeisioo.  u  it  i»  foreible 

ia  ito  exp«  s...  i.  ^^hm.  b.i.  .idoteiue  could  hate  mad*  Johosoa  adopt  it.->eB. 


^ 


I 


I 


J835.]  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  351 

with  Fox's  History,  than  on  the  first  perusal.     If  history  is  merely  to 
larratc,  how  does  Fox  justify  liis  pansinjf  to  review  ?     From  the  supposed 
"leoretical  perfection  of  our  cojistitntion  in  I  07*1,  ami  the  wretched  ays- 
•in  of  government  that  followed,  Fox   iiifera  the  falsity  and  tlie  danger  of 
presuming  that  the  lawa  can  do  ever)'  thing  ;   and  that  nncnsures,  not  men, 
to  be  attended  to.     lu  review  ing  the  firocccdings  ou  the  proponed  billi 
excluding  tire  Duke  of  York,  he  remarked,  llic  \Vliigs,  conformably  Im 
ir  principles,  regarding  the  prerogatives  of  the  Crown  as  a  trust  for  lh«* 
eople,  and,  in  effect,  a  part  of  their  rights,  Hdvocated  a  change  in  person 
preference  to  a  diminution  of  power  ;  the  Tories,  conformably  to  theirs, 
fgarding  more  the  person  of  the  Prince,  leaned  to  a  limitation  in  [lower, 
rather  than  a  change  in  the  succession.     And  he  applies  this  doctrine,  by 
a  side  stroke,  to  defend  the  conduct  of  Opposition  respecting  the  regency 
dariugtbis  reign:  but  I  much  doubt  whether  such  reiinementji  operated  iti 
Charles  the  >>erond's   reign.      Fox  contends,   with  more   earnestness,  I 
think,  than  the  point — a  doubtful  one — deserves,  that  the  primary  object 
James   the  Second  was  the  establishment,  not  of  Popery,  but  of  nrbi- 
iry  power;  the  Whigs  he  regards  as  completely  overpowered  ;  and  the 
Tories,  holding  the  doctrine  of  non-resistiince,  except  iphvre  the  Church  was 
tcerned,  but  for  James's  subsequent  uttack  on  the  Establishment,  our 
irties  would  have  been  extinguished  for  ever.     U'ho,  after  this,  will  say, 
lal  prejudices   may  not  be    salutary  ?     Fox's  reflection,  from  the  coii-^ 
Imptible  figure  made  by  i\\e  future  worthieif — Godi>lph)n  and  Churchilli 
this  reign,  "  how  essential  a  free  and  popular  government  is  to  fur* 
ish  an  opening  for  the  gratification  of  a  generous  ambition  io  a  subject," 
just  and  fine. 

July  21.     Parr  gives  a  remark  from  Voltaire,  '"That  all  men  dto  with 
Jrtitudc  who  die  in  company  :  '  a  striking  exemplification  of  the  re-actioD 
of  sympathy.     Who  is  Parr's  unhappy  iViend,  whom  he  dissuaded  from, 
couunitting  an  act  of  suicide  on   the  day  a[hpointed  for  his  exectition}, 
igley  ?      This  note    aB'urds    abunrlaut    proof  of  the    gooiluess   of   thOj 
:tor'8  heart,  but  exhibit.s  lamentable  evidence  of  the  want  of  clear  and 
llargeil  views  in  his  head.     Parr,  in  his  note  on  the  Penal  Code,  is,  I 
link,   if  possible,  too  tender  over  life  as   affected  by  the  laws       Parr 
lotes  Patey  as  remarking,  that  in  interpreting  laws,  we  determine  u[Mja 
>ntingciicies  which  the  couiposer  of  the  law  did  not  foresee  ;  yet  we  act 
these   cases  as   if  we   were    searching  out  the   legislator's  intention*, 
fafe'*  arguments,  quoted  from  his  considerations  touching  the  amendment 
of  tfte  Uiw,  in  favour  of  laws  and  institutions  improved  and  approved  bjf , 
time,  over  aui/  new  regulations,  however  sagaciously  framed,  arc  most  pow^ 
erfuity  urged,  and   must  aureltf  startle  inconsiderate  reformigta.      Parr'» 
Notes,  Mhich  I   have  finished,  exhibit  great  |MJwer  of  mind  and  force  of| 
discrimination,  in  particular  passages  ;   but,  for  the  want  of  a  presiding 
principle,  the  effect  of  the  general  assemblage  is  feeble.     Does  he  mean  to 
deny  that  Fox  was  an  unbeliever  ? 

./«///  2:>.  Mr.  Pugh  mentioned  in  the  evening,  that  the  Pretender*  took 
sfoge  ill  this  country  (near  Dolgelle)  after  his  defeat  ;  that  there  was  an 
gentleman  at  BaJa,  wow  8(i,  who  well  remembered  him  there  ;.   thut^ 
was  advertised  as  having  a  erar/  in  his  hand,  and  that  he  wore  a  black  | 
ribbon  on  tliis  account  round  it ;  that  he  was  at  last  conveyc<i  away  by  tho 
Velsh   gentry,  who  harboured   him.     His  friends  used  to  have  a  secret j 

See  Gent.  M«g.  ilH»,  p.  393,  and  Selections  from  Gent.  Mag.  vol.  iii.  p.  65^ 
iiere  is  Humt't  account  of  the  Pretender  being  in  London  in  1*53.     The  fact  it 


352  Dktry  of  a  Lover  of  Litenlmre.  [Aptil, 

correspondence  with  him  in  the  snmmer-honse  belong  to  Naimey,  oter- 
looking  the  Bamoath  A-ale,  now  neglected.     Can  this  be  trnc  ? 

Aug.  2.  Dined  at  Mr.  Revelev's.  After  tea  looked  over  portfolkM  d 
drawings  by  Barret,  Gilpin,  anc[  Marlow,  and  prints  from  Rnbens  and 
Swaneveldt.  Gilpin  praised  one  by  Waterloo,  as  the  best  compositMM 
he  ever  met  with.  Gilpin  was  grave  in  manner,  a  simple  primitiTe  dinme, 
wearing  his  silk  robe.  At  a  party  where  each  was  to  deckre  wkat  he 
liked  best,  when  it  came  to  Fox's  tnm,  he  hesiUted ;  Fitzpatrkk  ind, 
'  I  will  speak  for  him  ;  he  likes  best  to  be  muck'd  by  his  friends.'  '  Yom  have 
hit  it,'  said  Fox.  Adolphus  states,  that  Fox  preferred  Demosthenes  to 
Cicero :  this  was  natural :  bnt  I  believe  the  fact  was  jnst  the  reverae. 

Aug.  5.  Read  the  first  article  in  the  "  Selections  from  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine/'  an  Account  of  a  Debate  between  a  Committee  of  the  Hoose 
and  Cromwell,  on  his  being  petitioned  to  assume  the  title  of  King.  This 
is  drawn  up  in  a  most  masterly  manner,  from  very  slender  docnraeats  I 
suspect,  and  with  much  original  matter,  as  the  ailments  on  both  sides 
are  infinitely  more  enlarged  and  liberal,  and  the  style  and  mode  of 
potting  them  more  correct  and  accomplished,  than  we  can  probably  sup- 
pose employed  by  the  real  actors  on  this  occasion.  The  argnment  m 
favour  of  old  over  new  institutions,  is  forcibly  given  early  in  the  businesi. 
"  It  if  never  prudent  to  make  useless  alterations,  because  we  are  always  oc- 
qnainted  with  all  the  consequences  of  known  establishments,  and  ameient 
forms ;  but  new  wethods  of  administration  may  produce  evUs  wkidk  the 
most  prudent  cannot  foresee,  nor  the  most  diligett  rectify."  I  strongly  Mt- 
pect  Johnson  to  be  the  composer.     It  appeared  Feb.  and  March  1741. 

Sept.  6.  Mr.  Manney  called  and  sate  till  near  four ;  said  he  had  often 
met  Johnson,  and  imitated  his  manner  very  happily.  Johnson  came  on  a 
visit  to  the  President  of  his  College  (Jesus)  at  Oxford,  Dr.  Bernard. 
Dr.  B.  ventured  to  put  a  joke  upon  Johnson,  but  being  terrified  by  a 
tremendous  snarl,  '  Indeed,  indeed.  Doctor,  believe  me,'  said  he,  '  I 
meant  nothing.'  '  Sir,'  said  Johnson,  '  if  you  mean  nothing,  say  nothing !  * 
and  was  quiet  for  the  rest  of  the  evening. 

Sept.  28.  Finished  the  narrative  of  Sir  John  Moore's  Campaign.  I  was 
at  first  a  little  tempted  to  accuse  him  of  a  tendency  to  despondency ;  bat 
subsequent  events  folly  justify  all  his  forebodings ;  and  he  appears,  fnmi 
his  dispatches  and  journal,  to  have  been  pre-eminently  gifted  with  the 
faculty  of  forming  just  views,  and  anticipating  true  resolts,  even  frmn  the 
slenderest  and  most  deceptive  data,  llie  manly  spirit  and  independent 
tone  of  his  communications  to  Lord  Castlereagh,  pleased  me  much  ;  and  I 
am  glad  to  see  the  pert  pretensions  of  Mr.  Frere  ultimately  crooch  to  the 
solid  sense  and  sagacity  of  this  unaffected  hero.  The  account  of  his  last 
moments  is  most  natorally  and  toochingly  given ;  nor  coold  the  afflicted 
spirit  of  this  brave,  but  nnfortunate  commander,  wish  for  any  other  monu- 
ment to  his  memory,  than  what  has  been  erected  by  the  pious  hand  of 
brotherly  affection,  in  this  interesting  exposition  of  his  character  and  con- 
duct in  the  service  in  which  he  fell. 

Oct.  4.  Finished  "  Selections  from  the  Gentleman's  Magazine."  The 
great  chcsnut-trce  at  Tortworth  *  is  stated  to  be  52  feet  in  gii  th  ;  a  wych 
elm,  at  Field,  in  Staffordshire,  is  stated  by  Dr.  Plot  to  have  been  5 1  feet 
girth  at  the  but,  25^  in  girth  in  the  middle,  to  have  fallen   120  feet  in 

fully  establiflhed.     I  think  be  was  at  the  hooie  of  Lady  Primrose.    The  King  was  ac- 
quainted with  his  abode  and  actions.— Eo.  *  See  Gent.  Mag.  17(>b',  p.  391. 


1835.]  Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature.  353 

lengthy  and  to  have  yielded  at  least  100  ton  of  neat  timber.  At  Hendon, 
near  London,  was  a  cedar,  (1779)  71  feet  in  height,  branching  to  a  circum- 
ference 100  feet  diameter,  16  feet  in  girth  7  feet  from  the  ground,  and  20 
at  1 2,  when  it  began  to  branch.  The  largest  at  Chelsea  is  8.5  feet  high, 
girthing  18^  feet  close  to  the  ground,  at  2  feet  15,  at  10  feet  16  ;  planted 
in  1 663,  then  three  feet  high.  Fairlop  oak,  in  Epping  Forest,  spreads 
with  its  branches  over  an  area  of  near  330  feet  in  circuit,  and  measures  36 
feet  in  girth. 

Oct.  20.  Perused  Selections  from  Gentleman's  Magazine.  Dr.  John- 
son's Letter  (No.  38)  to  Mr.  Wilson,  of  Clithema,  dated  Dec  31,  1782, 
and  his  dedication  of  Adams  on  the  Globes  to  the  King,  exhibit  both  the 
concrete  essences  of  the  peculiar  character  of  this  uriter's  manner.  His 
improvement  of  a  passage  in  the  Rambler,  from  endeavouring  to  give  it  as 
recollected  (49),  is  very  curious.  The  misrepresentation  of  a  most  sus- 
picious sentence,  is  satisfactorily  cleared  up. 

Oct.  23.  Bishop  Home,  in  a  letter,  Jan.  6,  1 764,  mentions,  from  the 
authority  of  Sir  James  Macdonald,  that  the  Frsuch  philosophers  liked 
Hume  much ;  but  thought  that  he  maintained  too  many  religious  preju- 
dices! 

Nov.  1 .  Called  at  Christ  Church,  and  sate  with  Mr.  Fonnereau ;  he  is 
the  most  exhilarating  example  of  cheerful,  pleasant,  and  sensible  old  age 
I  have  ever  met  with.  In  the  evening  attended  a  musical  party  at  the 
Stadds's ;  felt  the  want  of  that  stimulus  from  the  pleasure  of  numerous  and 
competent  judges,  which  becomes,  by  habit,  necessary  to  displays  of  per- 
sonal exertion,  and  to  which  I  am  tempted  to  ascribe  as  one,  and  that  a 
principal  one,  the  frequent  failure  of  eloquent  speakers  in  written  compo- 
sition. 

Nov.  13.  A  Letter  is  quoted  from  the  58th  Volume  of  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine,  dated  Dublin,  Feb.  25,  1788,  which  asserts  that  Lord  Oxford 
when  confined  in  the  Tower,  was  the  author  of  the  first  volume  of  Robin- 
son Crusoe,  and  gave  the  MS.  to  De  Foe,  who  added  another,  and  pub- 
lished the  whole  as  his  own.* 

Nov.  18.  Began  No.  IL  of  the  Edinburgh  Review.  They  do  not,  I 
think,  render  justice  to  Dr.  Paley's  inimitable  naivete  oi  manner,  vivacity  of 
style,  and  felicity  of  illustration  in  his  Natural  Theology.  They  object  to 
his  founding  the  absolute  goodness  of  the  Deity  upon  the  marks  of  his  beni- 
iicence  in  a  great  plurality  of  instances  ;  concluding  that  his  benevolence 
must  be  infinite,  because  exerted  upon  such  an  incalculable  great  number 
of  objects.  Yet  what  other  argument  have  we  for  it,  but  this  prepon- 
derance ? 

Nov.  20.  Upon  Scott's  Minstrelsy,  the  Edinburgh  Review  remarks, 
that '  the  legitimate  aim  oi  history  and  poetry  is  the  same — to  improve  man- 


•  This  anecdote  has  been  long  current ;  but  ap])cars  to  rest  on  no  authority 
better  than  the  followintj.  See  Naufragia,  by  G.  Stanier  Clarke ;  (and  Gent. 
Mag.  17HH,  Lviii.  '2(t«.)  '  Tlie  present  Earl  of  Oxford  has  done  nic  the  honour  of 
informing  me  tliat  liis  family  had  always  considered  the  first  Earl  of  Oxford  to  have 
been  the  author  of  Ro)>inson  Crusoe.'  .See  also  Annual  lleview,  vol.  v.  p.  72.  TheMS. 
of  Robinson  Crusoe  ran  through  the  whole  trade,  nor  would  any  one  print  it,  though 
De  Foe  was  in  good  repute  as  an  author.  One  bookseller,  at  last,  not  remarkable 
for  his  discernment,  but  for  his  speculative  turn,  engaged  in  this  speculation  :  he  got 
above  a  thousand  guineas  by  it.  See  D'  Israeli's  Curiosities  of  Literature,  vol.  II.  p. 
1 .  A  short  account  of  the  adventures  of  Alexander  Selkyk,  by  Sir  R.  Steele,  occurs 
in  the  Englishman,  No.  26,  Dec.  3,  1713.— Ed. 

Gbnt.  Mag.  Vol.  III.  IZ. 


Diaty  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


kind  deUctando  pariierque  morendo  :  bat  tho  object  is  attained  by  different 
racans.  Hhtortj  follows  human  events  tbro^'h  the  course  of  time.  Poetry 
at'izcs  their  prominent  features;  their  pcrmanen.t  principles:  the  same 
yesterday,  to-ilaiy,  ami  for  ever.'     Thin  is  profound  and  just. 

Nov.  21.  Dined  with  Lieut. -Col.  de  Tobinof  the  German  Legion.  He 
knew  General  Mark  well,  and  sjMjaka  of  him  as  an  officer  of  great  skill 
and  high  liouonr  ;  hut  ntrvoos  and  depressed  lo  a  degree  that  would  excite 
pity,  ami  carrying  into  the  field  moch  of  the  bureau  to  which  he  was  bred. 
His  ativnticeiQcnt  to  a  favourite  regiment  gav  e  great  offence  to  the  Aastriaii 
nobility. 

Nov.  26.  Perused  Parrs  Ckaricter  of  Fox.  What  a  nrimber  of  bril- 
liant thoughts,  and  just  discriminations,  which  in  tlicir  place  would  be  fe- 
licitous and  fine,  forcibJy  expressed  as  they  are  with  all  llie  energy  and 
exactness  of  Parr's  sentimcBt  and  diction  ;  but  which,  having  no  direct 
and  well-connected  relation  to  the  subject  in  discussion >  only  perplex  witli 
their  variety,  and  glare  what  they  were  designed  to  illustrute  ;  and  exhibit 
the  distracting  spectacle  of  a  coTifiised  assemblage  of  Inininoua  obji  cts  seeu 
through  a  multiplying  glass.  The  elaborate  endeavour  to  explain  atray 
Fox's  strange  deportment  during  the  French  Revolution,  though  true,  i« 
very  nnsatisfactory.  and  forms  but  a  sorry  defence. 

JDfC.  7.  I  am  afraid  that  1  disc«Tn  Bome  traits  of  resemblance  in  my 
own  character  to  that  which  the  Edinburgh  Reviewers  ascribe  to  Single- 
speech  HamUton:  their  strictures  on  the  absurdity  of  pretending  to  teacb 
the  artd  of  reasoning  and  ripeaking  ia  the  same  volume,  strike  me  as  per- 
fectly just. 

Dec.  1 2.  Wit  discovers  real  relations  that  are  not  apparent ;  ;7iiiu  admit 
of  apparent  relations  that  are  not  real.  The  pleasure  of  the  former  results 
from  a  sudden  and  unexpected  discovery,  that  two  things  are  similar  wliich 
are  deemed  unlike ;  of  the  latter,  that  things  are  nnlike  where  we 
expected  resemblance.  In  wit,  there  is  an  a|>pareiiit  incongruity  and  a  real 
relation  ;  in  puns,  there  is  an  apparent  relation  and  a  real  incongruity,  and 
this  in  both  cases,  whether  the  wit  or  the  puna  be  practical  or  verbal. 

Dec.  26.  In  reading  Warburtons  Letters,  I  find  that  Hurd  stands  con- 
fessedly indebted  to  Warbiirton  for  many  important  hints  in  his  Dialogues, 
(see  particularly  Letter  H)  on  tlie  preaching  of  the  doctrine  of  non-resistance 
by  our  divines  on  the  Kefottnattoii.  Warburton  very  happily  describes  the 
different  tpialitiesof  his  own  and  his  friend's  powers  in  the  lOlst  lA'ttOf — 
*  If  I  httve  any  force  in  the  first  rude  beating  out  of  the  mass,  you  are  the 
best  able  to  give  it  an  elf  gance  of  form  and  splendour  of  polish.'  I  watch 
in  Warburton's  latter  Lettera  the  gradual  decay  and  extinction  of  that  fiic 
which  has  blazed  !*o  long  and  so  gloriously,  with  emotions  of  deep  affliction. 
His  remark  (letter  12  t)  that  his  disposition  lo  alter  and  ameiul  his  works* 
he  should  be  tempted  lo  ascribe  to  '  an  exuberance  of  fancy  and  conceit,  if 
when  they  were  wrought  up  to  a  certain  degree,  the  vein  of  criticism  did 
not  dry  up  and  flow  no  more,  which  induced  him  to  flatter  himself  tliat  it 
was  founded  on  truth  and  nature,'  is  very  justly  and  happily  expressed. 
Hurd,  iu  his  1  Nth  Letter,  speaks  strangely  of  Parliaments,*  as  unavoidable 
evils,  because  they  have  a  right  to  dispose  of  money,  and  must  therefore  be 
aubtuitted  to  on  all  sides  on  that  cousideratiou. 


4 


•  Hurd  is  (peakiag  of  the  tiptdiency  of  reviving  Cootoc««ionB,  suggested  by  •  »«•- 
Um  at  Attcrbary'a.  '  I  put  the  qucttion,  whether  much  real  terwic*  MB  be  done  to 
religion  by  tboK  ayoodj,  trhich  could  not  •■  weli  b«  done  without  them ;  bec«u«c  if  ibis 


J 


Diary  of  a  Lover  oj  Literature. 


365 


Jan.  2,  1810,  Re&d  HurtTg  Letter  to  Dr.  Leland.f  A  most  artful  com- 
position, itk  which  be  dexterously,  amlwith  iufinite  address,  apfjltcs  the  ac- 
curacy and  precision!  of  hh  suhtlCt  perspicacious,  and  discrimiiiatinjf  mind 
to  exptain  and  justify  Warbnrtoii's  darinii  paradox  respoctin^  tlic  style  of 
tlie  Inspired  "^V'ritings,  and  the  rash  and  sneepinjj  positions  by  which  he 
defends  his  extraordinary  hypathesia  :  but  all  Lis  address  and  dexterity  will 
not  do  ;  and  after  uiimy  covert  eeuendations,  and  extradinff  througli  bin 
critical  alembic  nicanin^p  that  were  never  meant,  lie  is  compelled  at  last 
totally  to  pervert  the  plain  sense  of  the  passage — '  Tropes  and  figures,  as 
they  are  a  deviation  from  the  principles  of  metaphysics  and  logic,  are  fre- 
quently virious,  by  imparting  to  '  as '  the  sense  of  '  according  as  ' — to  make 
out  a[)luusible  extrication.  What  mnat  AVarbnrton  in  hiss  heart  have  thought 
of  this  ? 

Jan.  3.  Looked  into  the  controversy  between  Loath  and  WarbnrtoD.  J 
IVarburton,  in  his  remarks  on  lyouth's  Letter,  observes,  th«t '  the  aupjxjged., 
alliance  between  Charch  and  State,  staud.^  on  the  same  grouud  as  the  supposed, 
original  compact  between  tbc  King  and  tbe  People.  No  record  of  such  an 
actual  compact  exists.  It  is  eiiougli  that  it  is  reasonable  that  the  [►rero- 
gatlves  of  the  prince  and  the  liberties  of  the  peo[)le  should  be  regvdated  on 
the  supjjosition  of  auch  a  comfmct.  in  its  virtual  execution,  and  so  with  the 
others.     This  is  rational  and  satisfactory.' 

March  25.     Received    the   account    of   poor  'a  death    alwut  n 

month  since,  in  tbe  madhouse  at  Exeter — dreadfully  shocked  by  it.  TlHuight 
of  the  many  interesting  hours  we  had  passed  together,  in  social  intercourse 
—  iu  saUies  of  gaiety — in  cojifideutial  communications  of  the  most  secret 
and  delightful  feelings  of  the  heart — in  discussions  long  and  late,  of  almost 
ever)'  important  topic  in  the  whole  circle  of  human  inquiry — full  of  pro- 
mise, full  of  life — and  to  find  him,  unhappy  creature  !  come  to  Ibis  un- 
timely and  most  wretched  end.  Often  did  he  use  to  rejicat  with  great 
emphasis  a  sentence  of  Burke,  which  most  forcibly  occurs  to  me — '  What 
shadows  we  are,  and  w  hat  shadows  we  pursue  ! ' 

March  S] .  Read  Shee's  Pre/ace  to  his  Elements  of  Art.  His  perpetual 
ambition  to  shine  and  sparkle  becomes  intotenibly  fatiguing,  and  his  af- 
fected disdain  of  all  preten-sions  as  a  writer,  betrays  the  tone  of  a  dc- 
{lendant,  instead  of  declaring  the  feelings  of  ingenuous  diffidence.  We 
see  throughout  the  strut,  and  trip,  and  grimace,  and  profound  obeissance 
of  a  bourgpois  petit  m^tre,  rather  than  the  assured  ease,  courteous  grace, 
and  diguihcd  independence  of  the  true  geDtlemnn, 


be  so,  there  are  matiifest  inconveniences  to  b«  ap|)rcheBile(t  frons  their  meeting.  The 
same  iDconvrDJenceB,  nn  doubt,  or  ^l^ate^,  may  )k  a|iprehended  frMin  parliaments ; 
but  therefore  uuavuidable,  eo  long  as  parliamcuts  have  u  right  to  dispose  of  money, 
and  must  therefore  be  submitted  Co  on  all  itule»,  on  that  cuaKideratioQ  ;  but  a  govern- 
ment would  not  have  more  of  theae  inoonveuii'Di'TH  than  it  needs  must,  or  which  an 
neoecsar;  to  b«  endured  for  the  most  iut}>ortaitC  endj<  and  imrposcs'.  It  will  be  seen 
that  Mr.  Grern  has  not  rightlj'  understood  tlii.*  pASsajje  nf  Hurd  :  which  after  all,  ia 
sinfj^ularly  ex|iresscd.     Warburton'j*  answer  to  this  Leuer  is  curioan. — Eu. 

f  A  Letter  ti>  Dr.  Thomas  Iceland,  Fellow  of  Triuity  College,  Dublin,  in  which  his 
late  DiuertatioD  on  the  Principles  of  Human  Eto(|uenee  is  criticised,  and  tbe  fiisbop 
of  Gloucester's  idea  of  the  nature  aud  cliaracter  of  unin«rpired  language,  as  delivered 
in  his  Lordship's  Doctrine  of  Grace,  is  vindicated  from  all  the  objections  of  ths 
learned  Author  of  tbe  Dissertation. 

1  In  p.  36.9  of  Warburton's  and  Kurd's  I/Ctters,  in  a  letter,  (Nov.  14,  1765,)  War- 
barton  owns  that  he  Aad  read  LoutA't  Letter  ia  Mm,  wAirh  Ae  had  denied.     '  I  have 
nrithor  read,  nor  seen,  nor  1  believe  ever  shall,  your  printed  letter,'  (Nov.  31,  17'*" 
seven  days  aAcr  he  bad  owned  to  Hurd  that  be  had  read  it. — Bo. 


i 


Mackintosh's  Historical  Characters.  [April, 

April  24.    Forsytb,  in  his  Principles  of  Moral  Science,  obsenes  of  onr 

passions,  neatly  and  justly,  that  everj^  one  of  thera  leads  us  to  the  very  same 
actious,  which  an  enlightened  underi?tandiiig,  had  we  been  possessed  of  it, 
would  Imve  led  us  to  iMrforin.  By  this  we  are  trained  iti  the  way  we  should 
go }  and  when  we  have  ac<]«ired  extensive  views  of  truth  and  excellence, 
are  under  no  necessity  of  changing  our  conduct,  but  continue  to  perform 
thesame  aictions  with  different  purposes  ;  reason,  or  the  desire  of  jierfection, 
being  now  become  the  En»ti\  c,  as  blind  inclination  or  passion  formerly  was. 
It  is  the  Arst  part  of  this  proposition  that  I  uriqualiliedly  afTimi  as  jitst. 

May  4.  The  Edinburgh  Reviewers,  under  Mm.  Opie's  Tales,  slate  it 
as  their  opinion,  that  no  character  can  be  natural  which  is  not  pretty  cotn- 
mon,  and  that  all  the  fine  traits  of  natural  expression,  noted,  <|uotcd,  and 
reracmbcred  from  the  dramatists,  and  greater  poets,  which  are  regarded  as 
examples  of  origluality  in  the  conception  of  character,  consist  uiaiuly  in 
the  exquisite  adaptation  of  coiunton  and  faniiliar  feelings  to  peculiar  sitD- 
ations.     This  is  very  profound,  and  I  conceive  just. 


HISTORICAL  CUARACTERS.    Bt  SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 

(Continunl  from  p.  242.) 
Character  of  William   ruv.  Tuird.* 


I. 

^^^r  WE  possess  nususpected  descriptions  of  his  character  from  observers  of 

r  more  than  ordinary  sagacity,  who  had  an  interest  in  watching  its  deve- 

j  lopraent  before  it  was  surrounded  by  the  dazzUng  illosions  of  power  and 

fame.    Among  the  most  valuable  of  these  witnesses  were  some  of  the 
j  subjects  stnd  servants  of  Lonis  XIV.     At  the  age  of  eighteen  the  Prince's 

»  good  sense,  knowlerlge  of  affairs,  and    seasonable    concealment   of    his 

thoughts,  attracted  the  attention  of  Gourville,  a  man  of  expeiicDce  and 
discernment.  St.  Evreuiond,  though  himself  distinguished  chiefly  by  vi- 
vacity and  accouiplishmcnts.saw  the  superiority  of  AVilllara's powers  tbroagh 
his  silence  and  coldness.  After  long  intimacy,  Sir  W.  Temple  describes  his 
great  endowments  and  excellent  qualities :  his  (then  almost  singular)  ^d 
combination  of  charity  and  religious  zeal ;  his  desire,  rare  in  ever)'  age,  to  ^M 

Ierow  greater  rather  by  the  senice  than  the  servitude  of  his  oointty ;  ^| 
uuigaagc  so  manifestly  considerate,  discriminating,  and  unexaggeiBled,  as  ^| 
tto  l>ear  on  it  the  inimitable  stamp  of  truth,  in  addition  to  the  weight  which 
it  derives  from  the  probity  of  the  writer.  But  of  all  those  who  have  given 
opimona  of  the  young  Prince,  there  is  none  whose  testimony  is  so  imi>ortjuit 
RB  that  of  Charles  11.  That  monarch,  in  the  early  part  of  his  reign,  was 
desirous  of  gaining  an  ascendant  in  Holland  by  the  restoration  of  the  House 
of  Orange,  and  of  subverting  the  goveminent  of  Dc  Witt,  whom  he  never 
forgave  for  his  share  in  the  'iVealy  with  the  English  Kcpublic.  Some  re- 
trospect (of  the  intrigues  of  Charles  11.)  is  necessary  to  explain  the 
exiK'riment  by  which  that  monarch  both  ascertained  and  made  known  the 
ruling  principles  of  his  nephew's  mind.  ••*♦•. 
When  the  French  army  had  ad\'anccd  into  the  heart  of  Holland,  the  for- 
titude of  the  Prince  was  unshaken.  Lonis  offered  to  make  him  sovereign 
of  the  remains  of  the  country,  under  the  protection  of  France  and  England. 


*  S«*  character  of  William,  by  Mackintoab.  in  hi*  Review  of  Burke'* 
a(»iaat  Uie  Regicide  Peace,  quoted  in  his  Life,  p.  xxviii. 


to  ( 


But  at thbt  moment  of  extreme  peril,  he  answered  with  his  usual  calmness, 
1  never  will  Ixitray  a  trust,  nor  sell  the  liberties  of  my  coiuitry,  which 
y  ancestors  have  so  lon;(  defended.'     All  :iri>iind  liim  disappeared.     One 
f  his  very  few  confidential  friends,  after  having  longexixistuhittH  ivitli 
im  on  his  fruitless  obstinacy,  at  lenpth  asked  him,  if  he  had  considered 
ow  and  where  he  should  live  after  Holland  was  lost.  '  I  have  tliought  of 
at,'  be  replied ;  '  I  am  resolved  to  live  on  the  lands  I  have  left  in  Ger- 
any.     I  had  rather  pass  my  life  in  hunting  there,  than  sell  my  country  or 
y  liberty  to  France  at  any  price."     Buckingham  anJ  Arlin^on  were  sent 
Tom  England  to  try,  whether,  beset  by  peril,  the  love  of  sovereignty  might 
acduce  him.     The  former  ofteu  said,  '  Do  you  not  sec  that  the  country 
It?"     The  answer  of  the  Prince  to  the  profligate  buffoon,  spoke  the 
unmoved  resolutiou  with  that  which  he  liad  made  to  Zuleysteiti  or 
Fagel ;  but  it  naturally  rose  a  few  degrees  towards  auimatiou :  '  I  see  it  is 
in  great  danger,  but  there  is  a  sure  way  of  never  seeing  it  lost ;  and  that  is, 
to  die  in  the  last  ditch.'     The  perfect  simplicity  of  these  declarations  may, 
rhaps,  authorize  us  to  nink  theiu  among  the  most  genuine  specimens  of 
e  magnanimity  which  genuine  naltire  has  produced.     Perhaps  the  his- 
tory of  the  world  does  not  hold  out  a  better  example  how  high  above  the 
reach  of  fortune  the  pure  principle  of  obedience  to  the  dictates  of  con- 
science, unalloyed  by  interest,  passion,  or  ostentation,  can  raise  the  mind 
of  a  virtuous  man.     To  set  such  an  example  is  uu  unspeakably  more  signal 
Ber\'ice  to  mankind,  than  all  the  outward  benefits  which  flow  to  them  from 
the  most  successful  virtue.     It  is  independent  of  events,  and  it  burns 
most  brightly  in   adversity  ;    the  only  agent,  perhaps,  of  power  to  call 
4>rth  the  native  greatness  of  soul  which  lay  hid  under  the  cold  and  unat- 
tive  deportment  of  the  Prince  of  Orange.  *  •  •  ♦. 

itliam,  who  from  the  peace  of  Nimeguen  was  the  acknowledged  chief  of 
e  confederacy  gradually  forming  to  protect  the  remains  of  Europe,  had. 
CD  slowly  and  silently  removed  all  the  obstacles  to  its  formation  except 
those  which  arose  from  the  unhaj)py  jealousies  of  the  fricnd.s  of  liberty  at 
home,  and  the  fatal  progress  towards  absolute  monarchy  in  England. 
Nothing  but  an  evtraordiuary  union  of  wariness  with  perseverance,  two 
qualities  which  he  [assessed  in  a  higher  degree,  and  united  in  greater  pro- 
portions than  perhaps  any  otlier  man,  could  liave  fitted  him  for  that  iticea- 
nt,  unwearied,  noiseless  exertion,  which  alone  suited  his  diflicult  situa- 
n.  His  mind,  naturally  dispa.ssionatc,  became  by  degrees  stcdfastly 
d  intensely  fixed  upon  the  single  object  of  his  high  calliug.  Brilliaat 
ily  ou  the  field  of  bRttlc  ;  loved  by  none  but  a  few  intimate  connections  ; 
sidcrate  and  circumspect  in  cooncil ;  in  the  execution  of  his  designs 
Id  even  to  rashness,  and  inflexible  to  the  verge  of  obstinacy,  he  held  his 
onwjird  course  with  a  quiet  and  even  pace,  which  bore  down  oppositinn, 
r  blasted  the  saUies  of  enthusiasm,  and  disappoiuted  the  subtle  con- 
ivances  of  a  refined  policy.  Good  sense,  which  in  so  high  a  degree  as 
iSf  is  one  of  the  rarest  of  lionmu  endowments,  had  full  scope  for  it« 
ercise  in  a  mind  seldom  invaded  by  the  disturbing  passions  of  fear  uud 
ger.  With  ail  his  determiued  firmuess,  no  uiau  was  ever  more  solicitos 
ot  to  provoke  or  keep  up  needless  enmity.  It  is  no  wonder  that  he  should  b** 
Inducnced  by  this  principle  in  his  dealings  with  Charles  and  James,  for  there 
are  traces  of  it  even  in  his  rare  and  transient  intercourse  with  Louis  XIV. 
He  caused  it  to  be  intimated  to  him,  that  he  was  ambitious  of  being  restored 
to  his  Majesty's  favour ;  to  which  it  was  haughtily  answered,  that  when 
cb  a  dis}K)8ttiou  was  showu  in  his  conduct,  the  King  would  see  what  wai» 


358 


Mackintosh's  Historical  Characters. 


[April, 

to  be  done  !  Yet  Dkvaux  believed  that  ihe  prince  really  desired  to  avoid 
tlie  eumity  of  I»nta,  as  far  as  was  compatible  with  bis  duties  to  Holland  and 
biH  interests  in  England.  In  a  conversation  of  Gour\ille's,  which  affords 
one  of  the  most  characteristic  snecimens  of  intercourse  between  a  practised 
courtier  and  a  rnati  of  plain  iooflensive  temper,  when  the  luinistcr  bad 
Kpoken  to  liiiti  in  more  soothing  lan^age,  he  jirofe^sed  his  warm  wish  to 
jilease  the  King,  and  proved  his  sincerity  by  adding,  that  he  never  could 
neglect  the  safety  of  Holland,  and  that  the  decrees  of  reimion,  together 
with  other  marks  of  projects  of  universal  monarchy,  were  formidable  obstacles 
to  good  understanding.  It  was  probably  soon  after  these  attempts,  that  be 
made  the  remarkable  declaration — '  Since  I  cannot  earn  his  Majesty's 
favour,  I  must  endeavour  to  earu  bis  esteem." 

Cbablbs  tub  Secovd, 

'Hie  death  of  Charles  the  Second  gave  William  some  hopes  of  an  Bd>'aQ- 
tngeou>i  clinuge  in  English  fKilicy.  Many  worse  men,  and  more  tyrannical 
kingb  than  that  prince,  few  perpons  of  more  agreeable  qualilie:*  and  brilbant 
talents,  have  been  seated  on  a  throne.  But  his  trans  actions  with  France 
probably  afford  the  most  rMtiarkablc  in^itance  of  a  king  with  tut  sense  of 
national  honour,  or  of  regal  intlcpciideiue,  the  Iafi.t  vestiges  which  de- 
parting virtue  might  be  expected  to  leave  behind  iu  a  royal  bosom- 

Dh.  Robsrtson. 

Inferior  probably  to  Mr.  Gibbon  in  the  vigour  of  his  powera,  vneaaal 
fo  him  perhaps  in  comprehcriBJon  of  intellect  and  variety  of  knowledge, 
the  Scottish  historian  has  far  supasscd  him  in  simplicity  and  perspicuity  of 
narrative,  in  jnclurescpie  and  pathetic  description,  in  the  sober  use  of 
figurative  language,  and  in  the  delicate  jierception  of  that  scarcely  dis- 
cernible bouiiclarj'  which  separates  ornament  from  exuberance,  and  elegance 
fi'om  affectation.  He  adorns  more  chastely  in  addressing  the  imagination, 
be  narrates  more  clearly  for  the  understanding,  and  he  describes  more 
afTectingly  for  the  heart.  The  defects  of  Dr.  Robertson  arise  from  a  Ie85 
\TgorouH  intellect ;  the  faults  of  Mr.  Gibbon  from  a  less  pure  taste.  If  Mr. 
tJibbon  be  the  greater  man,  Dr.  Robertson  is  the  better  writer. 

Grotivs. 

The  reduction  of  the  law  of  nations  to  a  system,  was  reserved  for  Gro- 
tius.  It  was  by  the  advice  of  Ix)rd  Bacon  and  Peiresk  that  he  undertook 
this  arduous  taak.  He  produced  a  work  which  we  now  indeed  justly  deem 
imperfect,  but  which  is  |K-rhaps  the  most  complete  that  the  world  has  yc 
out'd,  at  BO  early  a  stage  iu  the  progress  of  bociety,  to  the  genius  an^ 
leaniing  of  one  man.  So  great  if  the  uncertainty  of  |)08tbumous  repu- 
tation, and  so  liable  is  the  fame  even  of  the  greatest  men  to  be  obscured 
by  those  new  fashions  of  thinking  and  writing,  which  succeed  each  other 
so  rapidly  among  jiolished  nations,  that  Grotius,  who  611ed  so  large  a  space 
in  the  eye  of  his  contemporaries,  is  now  peibaps  known  to  some  of  my 
readers  only  by  name.  Yet  if  we  fairly  estimate  both  his  endowments  and 
his  virtues,  we  may  justly  consider  him  as  one  of  the  most  memorable 
men  whoilia%'e  done  honour  to  modem  times.  He  combined  the  discharge 
of  the  most  im[>ortant  duties  of  active  ami  public  hfe  with  the  attainment 
of  that  exact  and  various  learning  which  is  generally  the  portion  only  of 
the  rt'cluse  student.  He  was  distinguished  as  an  advocate  and  a  magistrate, 
jiud  he  com|i06cd  the  most  valuable  works  on  the  law  of  bis  own  country  ; 


1835.] 


Clevedon  Court,  Somersetshire. 


869 


he  was  almost  equally  celebrated  as  an  historian,  a  scholar,  a  poet,  and  a 
divine  ;  a  dislntercsteti  statesman,  a  philosophical  lawyer,  a  patriot  who 
united  moderation  with  firmness,  and  a  theologian  «hn  was  taught  candour 
by  his  learning.  Unmerited  exile  did  not  damp  hi»  patriotism  ;  the  bit- 
teruesa  of  controversy  did  not  extinguish  hia  charity  ;  the  sagacity  of 
hia  numerous  and  fierce  adversaries  could  not  diRcover  a  biot  in  his  charac- 
ter ;  and  in  the  mid&t  of  all  the  hard  trials  and  galling  provocations  of  a 
turbulent  political  life,  he  never  once  deserted  his  frietiils  when  they  were 
unfortunate,  nor  iusulted  Lis  enemies  when  they  were  weak,  lo  times  of 
the  most  furious  civil  and  religious  faction  he  preserved  his  name  un* 
spotted  ;  and  he  knew  how  to  reconcile  fidelity  to  his  own  party,  with 
moderation  towards  his  opponents.  Such  was  the  man  who  was  des- 
tined to  give  a  new  form  to  the  law  of  nations,  or  rather  to  create  a  science 
of  which  only  rude  sketches  and  indigested  materials  were  scattered  over 
the  WTJtings  of  those  who  had  gone  before  him.  By  tracing  the  laws  of 
his  country  to  their  principles,  he  was  led  to  the  contemplation  of  the  law 
of  uaturc,  which  he  justly  considered  as  the  parent  of  all  rauiiicipal  law. 


CLEVEDON  COURT, 
fWitk  a 

THIS  ancient  mansion  is  the  scat  of 
the  Rev.  Sir  Abraham  Elton,  Bart, 
beautifully  situated  on  the  coadt  of 
the  Bristol  channel,  about  twelve  miles 
from  the  city  of  Bristol.  The  manor 
belonged  to  a  family  which  used  the 
local  name  from  the  reign  of  Henry 
the  Second  to  that  of  KdwarJ  the 
Third,  and  then  passed  by  heiresses 
through  the  names  of  Hogshaw  and 
Lovel,  to  that  of  Wake.  The  first  of 
the  latter  family  here  seateil,  was  Sir 
Thomas  Wake,  a  gentleman  of  the 
Privy  Chamber  to  Kinp  Edward  the 
Fourth.  His  dei^ccnilants  were  after- 
wards Baronets,  and  from  a  junior 
.branch  of  them  sprang  William  Wake, 
\rchbishop  of  Caiitcrburj,^  in  I?  15 — 
1737.  Clevedon  passed  from  the 
Takes  about  the  reign  of  Charles  the 
irst,  to  John  Dighy,  Earl  uf  Briistol ; 
and  from  that  family  it  wa^  pur- 
chased by  Sir  Abraham  Elton,  who 
was  created  a  Baronet  in  1717.  and 
who  was  great-grandfather  to  the  pre- 
sent possessor. 

The  county  of   Somerset  abounds 
with  the  remains  of  ancient  court  and 
manor-houses,  of  which  the  present 
is  unquestionably  one  of  the  most  va- 
luable,  exhibiting  a  nnble  simplicity 
and   correctness   of   design.     It  was 
built    during   the   occupancy  of   the 
^_  Clevedons,  in  the  reign  of  Fidward  the 
^H^cond,     Its  eitemal   design    is   re- 
^^nnarkable  for  the  breadth  and  boldness 
^Bbf  the  porch  and  the  long  window. 


^_bra 
Hrir 

1  »w,A 


SOMERSETSHIRE. . 
Plate.} 

between  which  is  the  only  other  win- 
dow by  which  light  is  admitted  on  the 
south  side.  The  ancient  chimneys 
and  turreted  pinnacles  are  iotcresting 
specimens  of  their  age.  The  kitchen 
was  rebuilt  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth, 
and  possesses  considerable  merit;  its 
pievailing  ornaments  are  imitated  from 
an  older  style — an  example  which  was 
neglected  by  the  architect  who  was 
afterwards  employed  on  the  other  side 
of  the  building  ;  whilst,  as  if  to  prove 
that  taste  in  architecture  could  sink 
still  lower,  the  west  front  was,  during^ 
the  last  century,  rebuilt  in  the  Chinese 
Gothic  fashion. 

The  interior  of  the  hall  has  been 
rriodernized,  excepting  the  space  under 
the  gallery ;  which,  with  the  arches 
uf  entrance,  retains  the  original  triple 
doorways  leading  to  the  kitchen  and 
its  offices.  On  the  northern  side  is 
the  fireplace,  with  a  window  imme- 
diately abovc;  it,  now  filled  with  the 
royal  arms  of  England,  from  Egbert  t©^ 
George  IV^.  On  the  western  side  of 
the  ball,  is  a  carved  stone  doorway, 
conducting  to  the  apartments  on  that 
side  of  the  mansion,  through  a  wall  of 
great  thickness. 

llie  ancient  portion  still  exhibits  so^ 
Bolid  and  durable  a  character,  that  the  ' 
external  alterations  which  the  build- 
ing underwent  in  the  I6ih  century, 
must  surely  be  ascribed  rather  tn  a 
preference  for  the  style  of  archi- 
tecture which  heVoik%«,Ci  Xa  ^a,  •^\\qi6l 


358  Mackmtoth's  H'atorical  Charaetert.  [April, 

to  be  done  !     Yet  Davanx  believed  that  the  prince  really  desired  to  atoid  ' 
the  enmity  of  Louis,  as  far  as  was  compatible  with  his  duties  to  Holland  and  ' 
his  interests  in  England.     In  a  conversation  of  (iourviUe's,  which  affordi  ' 
one  of  the  most  characteristic  specimens  of  intercourse  between  a  practiKd  • 
courtier  and  a  man  of  plain  inoffensive  temper,  when  the  minister  had  .i 
spoken  to  him  in  more  soothing  language,  he  professed  his  warm  widi  to  :|ii 
please  the  King,  and  proved  his  mncerity  by  adding,  that  he  never  eoald4 
neglect  the  safety  of  Holland,  and  that  the  decrees  of  reoiuon,  togethirib> 
with  other  marks  of  projects  of  universal  monarchy,  were  formidable  abBtadi||^ 
to  good  understanding.     It  was  probably  soon  after  these  attempts,  thathlb-. 
made  the  remarkable  declaration — 'Since  I  cannot  earn  his  Mi^jesti^ 
f  avour^  I  must  endeavour  to  earn  his  esteem."  U 

Charles  thb  Second. 

Tlie  death  of  Charles  the  Second  gave  William  some  hopes  ot  an  ■df^p 
tageous  change  in  English  policy.     Many  worse  men,  and  more  tymiic 
kings  than  that  prince,  few  persons  of  more  agreeable  qualities  and  brQSs' 
talents,  have  been  seated  on  a  throne.    But  his  transactions  with  Fnr 
probably  afford  the  most  remarkable  instance  of  a  king  with  no  senst 
national  honour,  or  of  regal  independence,  the  last  vestiges  whidi  ■ 
parting  virtue  might  be  expected  to  leave  behind  in  a  royal  bosmn. 

Dr.  Robertson. 

Inferior  probably  to  Mr.  Gibbon  in  the  vigour  of  his  powert,  wk 
to  him  perhaps  in  comprehension  of  intellect  and  variety  <^  knoirk 
the  Scottish  historian  has  far  supassed  him  in  simplicity  and  perspiai! 
narrative,  in  picturesque  and  pathetic  description,  in  the  sob^  n 
figurative  language,  and  in  the  delicate  {lerception  of  that  Bcarcel 
ceniible  boundary  which  separates  ornament  from  exuberance,  and  elc 
from  affectation.     He  adorns  more  chastely  in  addressing  the  imani- 
he  narrates  more  clearly  for  the  understanding,  and  he  descriEe; 
affectingly  for  the  heart.    The  defects  of  Dr.  Robertson  arise  fma 
\'igorous  intellect ;  the  faults  of  Mr.  Gibbon  from  a  less  pure  taste. 
Gibbon  be  the  greater  man.  Dr.  Robertson  is  the  better  writer. 


rssaO 


Tke  Gljiptotkeca  at  Mtaucki 


361 


be  were  to  behold  the  one  in  a  shed 
tnd  the  oUier  in  a  garret,  nevertheleu 
experiences  increased  delight,  when 
he  meets  with  them  in  a  worUiier  ai- 
toation— one  where  they  are  sur- 
roanded  by  what  is  most  calculated  to 
raise  pleasurable  emotions.  Leaving, 
therefore,  snarling  hypercritics  and 
frigid  utilitarians,  who  wouldnot  care, 
though  nature  were  to  put  on  a  lead> 
coloured  livery  of  congenial  dulness 
with  themselves,  to  decry  the  mag- 
nificent display  in  the  interior  of  the 
Glyptotheca,  and  the  architectural 
pomp  of  its  walls,  we  accord  with  the 
views  expressly  entertained  by  Klenze 
himself,  who  recommended  the  degree 
of  embellishment  here  adopted  for  a 
twofold  reason, — as  testifying  the  ve- 
neration due  to  the  precious  remains 
of  ancient  art  here  collected,  and  as 
exciting  a  certain  enthusiastic  tone  of 
mind  in  the  spectator  when  he  thus 
finds  himself  enveloped^  as  it  were,  by 
the  refinements  of  architecture,  and 
transported  into  a  region  where  everv 
pUect  bespeaks  study  and  taste.  A 
gpilery  of  this  description  should  be 
t^metning  more  than  a  mere  recep- 
tade  or  warehouse  ci^ble  of  contain- 
ing a  given  number  of  statues  or  other 
productions  of  art :  it  should  be  a  work 
of  art  itself,  and  that  both  internally  as 
well  as  externally.  A  richly  carved  and 
gUt  frame  does  not  add  to  the  intrinsic 
value  of  a  fine  painting ; — nay,  it  naay, 
in  some  degree,  cause  the  colouring, 
considered  as  mere  colours,  to  appear 
less  brilliant  by  the  contrast  of  the 
•parkle  around  them,  yet  for  reasons 
nearly  similar  to  those  just  assigned, 
A  frame  must  be  allowed,  upon  the 
whole,  to  set  off  a  picture.  So  with 
regard  to  statues,  not  only  are  they 
relieved  by  positive  opposition  of  colour 
on  the  wsdis,  or  other  surfaces,  but 
although  they  may  thus  be  occasioned 
to  appear  of  inferior  beauty  in  point 
of  hue,  they  possess  a  charm  and  an 
interest  so  intense,  that  we  are  in  fact 
rendered  all  the  more  sensible  of  their 
power,  by  finding  how^much  they  out- 
weigh the  other  species  of  beauty. 

We  have  allowed  ourselves  to  ex- 
press our  sentiments  rather  strongly 
upon  this  matter,  both  because  some 
have  snecringly  reproached  the  halls 
of  the  Glyptotheca  with  being  far  too 
"fine  "  for  the  purpose  to  which  they 
are  destined,  thereby  eclipsing  wluU 

Gbnt.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


they  are  destined  to  display ;  and  be- 
cause the  system  here  followed  is  so 
very  contrary  to  what  we  observe  in 
our  own  country.  If  in  the  building 
at  Munich  there  be  any  error  of  ex- 
cess, it  is  an  error  at  least  on  the  right 
side— -preferable  to  that  of  deficiency, 
into  which  we  almost  universally  fall. 
How  naked  and  cold  are  the  new 
sculpture  galleries  of  the  British  Mu- 
seum to  those  of  the  Glyptotheca!  they 
look  almost  desolate  in  comparison. 
Even  what  architectural  finishing  there 
is,  is  of  the  very  plainest  description, 
—-Grecian  rather  as  to  form,  than  as 
to  sentiment  and  ensemble.  That  the 
ancients  were  not  averse  to  variety  and 
brilliancy  of  colouring,  even  in  exter- 
nal architecture,  is  now  beyond  a 
doubt ;  is  it  likely  then,  that  if  they 
had  had  to  build  a  series  of  galleries 
for  the  reception  of  works  of  art,  they 
would  have  been  sparing  of  embellish- 
ment? We  are  inclined  to  imagine 
that  they  would  not. 

As  little  do  we  agree  with  Uiose  who 
c6nceive  that  magnificence  of  architec- 
ture and  decoration,  necessarily  require 
corresponding  magnificence  in  regard 
to  extent  and  dimensions.  At  any  rate, 
the  Greeks  do  not  seem  to  have  enter- 
tained any  such  principle  of  taste,  or 
if  they  did,  must  have  departed  from 
it  in  practice ;  most  of  their  structures 
being  as  little  remarkable  for  grandeur 
of  mere  size,  as  they  are  admirable  for 
grandeur  of  style  and  greatness  of  man- 
ner. Tlie  celebrated  Temple  at  ^Egina 
(90  feet  by  41)  was  not  larger  than 
many  modem  rooms ;  *  that  of  The- 
seus, at  Athens,  did  not  much  exceed 
it  in  size;  and  the  Parthenon  itself  did 
not  occupy  a  site  exceeding  half  of  that 

*  The  Roman  Hall  in  the  Glyptotheca 
is  about  130  feet  by  42 — very  moderate 
dimensions  compared  with  those  of  the 
King's  Library,  in  the  British  Museum. 
Still  it  is  exceedingly  spacious  if  con- 
trasted with  the  generality  of  Grecian 
interiors,  although  Mr.  Bulwer  has 
thought  fit  to  make  a  chamber  in  the 
Temple  of  Isis  at  Pompeii,  nearly  as  large 
as  Guildhall,  and  to  represent  the  walls  of 
the  amphitheatre  in  that  city,  as  little  less 
than  five  hundred  feet  high  1  However,  it 
is  one  of  the  qualities  of  genius  to  amplify 
whatever  it  touches ;  and  Mr.  Bulwer's 
•'  ftnitu"  being  of  a  prodigious  calibre,  it 
has  amplified  the  buildings  of  Pompeii 
accordingly. 

3A 


362 


The  Gtyptotheca  at  Munich, 


OQ  which  the  Glyptothera  stands.  If 
therefore  the  last-mentioned  building 
does  not  possess  the  citent  and  spa- 
ciousness  of  many  other  modern  ones, 
it  is  opoD  a  scale  sufSciently  ample  for 
architectural  effect ;  and  although,  aa 
regards  size,  it  ia  not  calculated  to  ex- 
cite vulgar  astonishment,  bardtjr  can 
it  fail  to  raise  a  nobler  sentiment  of 
admiration  for  the  no  less  refined  than 
superb  and  digoified  taste  that 
ceigns  throughout.  All  is  filled,  with* 
out  anything  being  crowded  or  con- 
fused. The  architecture  itself  is  bold 
and  commanding ;  the  masses  and 
spaces  are  well  defined ;  and  all  the 
detail  most  exquisitely  finished,  aa  well 
as  of  the  most  clo^Bical  character  ;  de- 
signed and  composed  with  as  much 
study,  in  fact,  as  if  intended  for  so 
many  separate  pieces  of  ornament, 
whose  very  fragments  shall  be  worthy 
hereaAer  of  being  carefully  treasured 
up  in  future  collections  of  art.  We 
should  say  that  to  do  justice  to  the  balls 
of  the  Glypotheca  would  require  the 
pen  either  of  the  author  of  Corinne,  or 
of  Vatbek,  had  not  Mrs.  Jameson  *  so 
elcHjuently  described  the  impressions 
she  received  from  them,  in  the  follow- 
iog  terms  :  "  First  visit  to  the  Glyp- 
tothek — just  rpturned — my  imagina- 
tion still  (illedl  with  the  blaze,  the 
splendour,  the  symmetry,  excited  as  1 
thought  it  never  couSd  be  again  ex- 
cited after  seeing  the  Vatican  :  but  this 
is  the  Vatican  in  miniature.  Can  it 
be  possible  titat  this  glorious  edifice 
was  planned  by  a  young  prince,  and 
erected  out  of  his  yearly  savings  ?  I 
am  wonder-struck !     I  was  not  pre- 

•  We  are  afraid  that  Mrs.  Jameson's 
enthosiasm  aad  able  criticism  upon  mat- 
ters of  art  are  thrown  away,  as  far  as  her 
reviewers  are  concerned,  for  every  one  of 
them,  at  least  ia  all  the  notices  of  her 
work  that  we  have  seen,  has  passed  over 
in  jQcnce  thoae  interesting  and  certaiolj 
very  conspicuous  portions,  where  she 
speaks  of  the  G&Uericf,  and  the  new 
Palace  at  Munich.  There  might,  how- 
ever,  be  some  policy  in  not  calling  atten- 
tion to  what  cannot  be  particularlj  flat- 
tering to  oar  oatioDal  vanity,  because 
Klenae's  palace  and  Nash's  palace  are  the 
very  antipodes  of  each  otlier.  Yet  the 
latter  is  certainly  an  astonishing  work :  it 
being  iierfectly  incompreheniihle  bow 
such  a  dcfpicable  atrurture  can  have  cost 
a  million  of  moaey  I 


pared  for  ar»j'thing  so  spmcious,  so 
magoiflcent,  so  perfect  in  taste  and 
arrangement."  This  last  sentence  dis- 
closes to  us  what  constitutes  one  rare 
and  very  striking  merit  in  the  build- 
ing— namely,  the  perfect  combination 
resulting  from  all  its  parts  and  all  ita 
ornaments.  The  whole  is  of  boms- 
geneous  taste,  in  one  well-blended  and 
uniform  9t)'le,  free  from  those  anomo- 
ties  and  disparities  which  are  more  or 
less  the  alloy  of  neaily  all  our  modem 
pseudo-antfque.f  The  eye,  as  a  Ger- 
man critic  has  remarked,  is  never 
shocked  by  any  of  those  hiatussee 
{t'ucim)  in  the  ornamental  design, 
which  destroy  all  connexion  and  unity, 
and  convert  what  decorations  there 
may  happen  to  be,  into  preposterous 
contradictions  of  the  parsimony  thus 
rendered  more  glaringly  meaa  and 
offensive. 

Pursuing  the  same  order  as  before 
while  speaking  of  the  general  arrange- 
ment, we  now  proceed  to  give  some 
brief  description  of  the  apartments 
themselves.  In  the  Hall  of  Egyptian 
Antiquities,  the  door  from  the  vestibule 
is  placed  within  a  spacious  semicir- 
cular tribune,  and  above  this  entrance 
is  a  bas-relief,  also  semicircular,  re- 
presenting Isis  discovering  the  dead 
body  of  her  husband  Osiris.  Aa  a 
piece  of  art,  this  fine  production  of 
Schwanthaler's  is  w^orthy  of  its  situ- 
ation, so  poetically  does  it  typify  the 
origin  and  character  of  Egyptian  acolp- 
ture.  The  floor  cun.<«ists  of  slabs  of 
white,  black,  brown,  and  grey  marbles; 
the  walls  are  of  deep  sienna  in  scagli- 
ola ;  and  the  ceiling  is  enriched  with 
coffers  and  stucco  ornaments,  some  ia 
gold,  others  white.  Thia  room  con- 
tains thirty-one  pieces  of  antiquity, 
among  which  are  ore  two  recumbent 
sphyoKcs  from  the  Villa  Albaoi,  one 
of  black,  the  other  of  greenish  baaalt ; 
— the  colossal  figure  of  Antinous  in 
rosso  antico, deified  as  Osiris  (formerly 
in  the  Albaoi  collection  at  Paris,  and 
engraved  in  Piroli's  Musee  Napoleon) 
which  statue  is  no  less  remarkable  for 
its  admirable  execution  than  for  the 


t  Even  the  New  Library  in  the  British 
Muoeuni,  to  which  we  have  already  al- 
luded, offers  a  disagreeable  instance  of  tha 
kind,  in  the  Urge  oral  panels  withia  th« 
ceotre  compartmenta  of  the  ceiling,  th« 
«(hcr»  being  decorated  with  lacuoaria. 


I 
I 


4 


A 


1835.1 


2^  Gli/ptotheca  at  Munich. 


363 


extreme  rarity  and  co8tliDe89  of  its 
material  ;^-and  a  figure  of  Isis  inblaclc 
basalt. 

The  adjoining  rotanda,  or  Inetma- 
ieU  Saal  is  unasually  striking  for  the 
very  beautiful  display  of  colours  it  ex- 
hibits :  the  pavement  is  still  richer  and 
of  warmer  tones  than  that  in  the  pre- 
ceding apartment;  the  walls  in  imita- 
tion of  rosso  anUco,  and  the  ornaments 
of  the  dome  as  well  as  those  of  the 
frieze  and  cornice,  relieved  with  gold  on 
white,  azure,  and  full  green  grounds. 
The  eflect,   although   vivid,    is   not 
gaudy,  nor  vulgarly  showy,  but  on  the 
contrary,  affect  the  eye  as  do  the  glow- 
ing and  brilliant  hues  of  nature  in  a 
fine  landscape/   In  one  respect,  it  cer- 
tainly is  singular  enough,  it  being,  as 
Schom  observes,  in  decided  opposition 
to  that  predilection  forjeither  colourless 
material,  or  exceedingly  pale  and  un* 
^ied  tints  in  architecture,  which  dis- 
tingntshes  modem  from  ancient  taste. 
The  next  apartment,  which  is,  as 
its  name  imports,  exclusively  appro- 
priated  to  the  ^gina  marbles,  has,  in 
the  lunette,  or  arch  opposite  the  win- 
dow, a  large  bas-relief  model  of  the 
portico  of  the  temple  from  which  the 
scalptares  were  taicen,  and  which  is  a 
facsimile  of  the  edifice,  in  regard  to  its 
pdjfchrome   embellishment, — a   taste, 
by  the  by,  so  utterly  at  variance  wiUi 
our  modem   notions  respecting    the 
severe  simplicity  of  the  earlier  Doric 
style,  that,  were  any  room  left  for 
doubt,  it  would  hardly  be  credited. 
The  walls  are  in  imitation  of  verde- 
aatico ;  and  the  ceiling  is  exceedingly 
rich,  particularly  in  the  part  which  is 
cross-vaulted,    where  afe  introduced 
the  figures  of  ^Eacns,  Peleus,  Achilles, 
and  Neoptolemus,  by  Schwanthaler, 
"in  allusion  to  the  fabulous  history  of 
ACgina,  of  which ^acus  was,  according 
to  tradition,  the  first  Icbg.    The  in- 
valnable  treasures  of  sculpture  here 
coIl«:ted.  were  first  discovered  in  1811, 
and  in  the  following  year  were  pur- 
chased   by  the    present    king,    then 
crown-prince  of  Bavaria,  who  com- 
missioned Thorvaldsen  to  restore  such 
of  them  as  were  in  a  more  perfect 
state.    Of  this  no  less  delicate  than 
difiicult  task,  the  artist  acquitted  him- 
self most  admirably,  perfectly  adhering 
to  the  style  and  sentiment  of  the  ori- 
ginal work.    These  statues  consist  of 


five  figures  from  the  east  or  front  pe- 
diment, and  ten  belonging  to  the 
western  one.  The  former  are  con- 
jectured by  Hirt  to  have  represented 
the  combat  of  Hercules  and  Telamon 
against  the  Trojan  king  Laomedon. 
The  figure  of  Hercules  is  in  a  kneeling 
posture^  and  in  the  act  of  shooting  an 
arrow.  Laomedon,  who  has  been 
thrown  down,  is  raising  himself  up  by 
means  of  his  shield ;  the  crest  on  the 
helmet,  the  right  leg,  and  some  fingers 
of  the  left  hand,  are  restorations.  Of 
the  statue  of  Telamon  little  remained, 
except  the  torso ;  therefore  the  head, 
hands,  and  feet,  with  some  part  of  the 
legs,  are  new.  The  figures  belonging 
to  the  other  pediment  are  Minerva, 
Patroclus,  Ajax  Telamonius,  Teucer, 
Ajax  Oileus,  Hector,  Paris,  ^neas, 
and  two  wounded  combatants,  one  a 
Grecian,  the  other  a  Trojan.  Accord- 
ing to  Hirt,  they  represented  the  con-, 
test  for  the  body  of  Patroclus,  although 
the  statue  represents  him  as  not  dead, 
but  merely  fallen,  and  supporting  him- 
self on  his  shield.  Besides  the  figures, 
there  are  several  architectural  oma- 
ments  and  sacred  utensils  from  the 
temple,  and  forty-nine  fragments  of 
sculpture. 

In  the  hall  of  Apollo,  so  named 
from  its  containing  the  celebrated  co- 
lossal statue  of  that  deity,  formerly 
Jcnovm  by  the  name  of  the  Barberini 
Mute,  and  extolled  by  Winckelmann 
as  a  masterpiece  of  art,  in  the  style 
immediately  preceding  that  of  Phi- 
dias, are  a  colossal  figure  of  Ceres, 
from  the  Barberini  palace ;  another 
statue  of  that  goddess ;  a  Diana  found 
at  Gabii  in  1792,  and  purchased  from 
the  Braschi  collection,  and  some  vases 
and  colossal  busts,  viz.  a  bearded  Bac- 
chus, discovered  at  Athens  by  the  late 
Baron  Haller;  Pallas,  Achilles,  .£s. 
culapius,  &c.  Tlie  walls  of  this  room 
are  of  stucco-ltatro,  and  the  ceiling  so* 
perbly  executed  in  white  and  gold. 

Tlie  fiiUi  apartment  resembles  ihe 
preceding  in  its  walls  and  pavement ; 
nor  is  the  ceiling  less  splendid,  it 
being  enriched  with  white  and  gold 
relief,  representing  various  .attributes 
and  bacchanalian  emblems,  conform- 
ably with  the  name  this  room  bears — 
the  Hallj  of  Bacchus — and  the  sculp- 
tures  it  contains.  The  fine  antique  sar- 
cophagus, from  the  Braschi  collection^ 


Tig  Gli/ptotheca  at  Munich. 


364 

on  which  is  represented  the  marriage 
and  Bacchus  and  Ariadne,  may  be  con- 
sidered OS  CDC  of  the  principal  objects, 
from  its  determining  the  particular 
character  of  this  part  of  the  collection. 
There  is  also  a  bas-relief  of  the  Eda- 
cation  of  Bacchus.  Besides  two  sta- 
tues of  Bacchus,  there  are  several  of 
Silenus,  Satyrs,  Fauns,  &c.  including 
the  celebrated  colossal  Barberini  Faun, 
and  the  equally  celebrated  Fauno  coUa 
macthia,  and  the  bust  known  by  the 
name  of  Winckelmann's  Faun ;  also  a 
Libera,  (from  the  Bevilacqua  palace  at 
Verona) ;  and  a  colossal  Ino,  who,  ac- 
cording to  mythology,  nursed  the  in- 
fant Bacchus.  Not  every  one  of  the 
subjects,  however,  has  reference  to 
Bacchus,  since  there  arc  two  Ve- 
nases,  an  Hermaphroditus,  a  Ceres, 
and  an  exceedingly  fine  bas-relief, 
thirty  feet  long,  representing  the  mar- 
riage of  Neptune  and  Amphitrite. 

With  some  variation  of  design  and 
details,  the  Hall  of  the  Niobides  ac- 
cords in  the  style  of  its  architecture, 
and  the  retined  splendour  of  its  de- 
coration, with  the  former  part  of  this 
suite  of  galleries,  which  here  termi- 
nates. The  pavement  and  ceiling  are 
equally  rich,  and  the  walls  are  of 
stucco-lnstro,  of  a  deep  yellow  tint. 
There  are  various  statues,  busts,  and 
reliefs  in  this  apartment;  among 
others,  a  duplicate  of  the  well-known 
Belvidere  Mercury  or  Antinous,  a  co- 
lossal group  of  Isis  and  Harpocrates, 
a  Venus  in  the  attitude  of  the  Me- 
dicean  one,  another  from  the  Braschi 
collection,  and  presumed  to  be  a  copy 
of  the  celebrated  one  by  Praxiteles, 
from  its  resemblance  to  the  repre- 
sentation of  it  on  the  covaa  of  Onidos ; 
but  the  most  exquisite  work  of  art  is 
a  figure  conjectured  to  be  that  of  Ili- 
oneus,  the  youngest  son  of  Niobe. 
Unfortunately,  the  hoed  and  both  the 
arms  are  lost,  yet  there  is  a  touching 
expression  as  well  as  grace  even  in  the 
very  attitude,  that  renders  it  a  ehrf- 
d'cnmre  of  sculpture.  In  comparison 
with'this,  all  the  other  statues  belong, 
ing  to  the  group  of  Niobe  seem  merely 
fine  copies  of  the  originals,  whereas 
the  Ilioneus  must  have  proceeded  from 
the  hand  of  the  master  nimself.  There 
is  another  statue  of  one  of  the  sons  of 
Niobe,  a  repetition  of  that  at  Florence 
and  at  Dresden.    Hie  hair  has  never 


CAM 


been  finished,  bnt  all  the  rest  is  beau- 
tifully executed,  particularly  the  conn- 
tenance,  in  which  the  expression  of 
dying  is  admirably  marked. 

Were  there  no  other  productions  of 
sculpture  in  the  Glyptotheca,  save 
these  two  Niobidn,  it  would  still  have 
sufficient  attraction  for  every  real  ad- 
mirer of  art,  in  them  alone.  So  also 
we  may  say,  that  did  it  possess  no 
works  of  ancient  art  at  all,  it  would 
deserve  to  be  visited  for  the  surpassing 
richness  of  its  architectare,  and  for  the 
'  pomp  of  painting'  displayed  in  the 
frescoes  *  and  arabesques  that  deck  the 
walls  and  ceilings  of  the  two  .F>*f- 
aaole,  which  here  intervene  between 
the  preceding  suite  of  galleries  and  the 
corresponding  one  along  the  east  side 
of  the  building.  Merely  to  enumerate 
the  subjects,  would  detain  us  some 
time, — to  particularize  any  of  them, 
or  to  make  any  comments,  would  very 
far  exceed  the  limits  we  have  pro- 
posed to  ourselves.  Suffice  it  then  to 
say,  that  Grecian  mythology,  and  the 
Homeric  poem,  arc  here  magnificently 
and  poetically  set  forth ;  the  former  in 
the  Ootitr  Stud,  the  other  in  the  Hall 
of  the  Trojans. 

The    Heroen   Soul,   corresponding 
with  that  of  the  Niobides,  in  form 

*  The  namber  of  woriis  executed  of  late 
years  in  Mnniek  by  Cornelius,  Sehnorr, 
and  other  artists,  is  almost  incredible. 
Hie  apartments  of  the  new  Palace,  the 
Alieiheiligste  Capelle,  the  Arcade  of  the 
Hol^iarten,  the  Kanf-haos  or  Basaar,  the 
Log^  of  the  Pinacotheoa,  fco.  aboimd, 
or  will  abound  with  them,  for  some  of 
these  works  are  at  present  onlj  in  a  state 
of  progress.  What  has.  Bncland — power- 
fU,  wealthy,  Inzorioas  finghmd  I — we  will 
not  say  wMertd,  but  even  attempted  in 
the  same  wav?  Windsor  Castle  may  he 
laid  to  have  been  almost  rebuilt ;  a  rofe/ 
ptUtUM  has  beea  erected  in  the  metro- 
polis ;  and  little  more  than  upholstery, 
iastead  of  art,  has  been  employed  to  de- 
eorate  them.  Since  we  have  acquired  the 
Elgin  marbles,  oar  painters  seem  to  have 
done  little  more  than  make  '  charming' 
little  pictures  for  Annuals  1  Should  the 
reader  consider  these  remarks  the  re- 
verse of  patriotic,  let  him  cautiously  avoid 
reading  Mrs.  Jameson's  con-amore  de- 
scription of  the  saloons  in  the  Neue  Re- 
Mens  at  Munich -.—should  he  be  an 
artist,  he  would  expatriate  himself — or 
liang  himself. 


183».] 


Th9  Ofyptoikeca  at  Muniek. 


305 


and  sin,  as  well  as  situation,  differs 
from  it  in  appearance,  the  walls  being 
of  greyish  Une-tinted  scagliola;  and 
some  of  the  rosettes  in  the  caissons  of 
the  ceiling  are  white,  others  gilt,  and 
apon  white  or  gold  grounds.     From 
this  point  a  new  and  striking  vista 
presents  itself  through  the  open  arch 
facing  the  window — that  of  the  Ro- 
man Hall  into  the  eastern  rotunda  at 
its  further  end.     The  walls  of  this 
magnificent  gallery  are  in  imitation  of 
Jior  di  pertico  marble,  and  the  spacious 
lunette  corresponding    with  the  op- 
posite window  in  each  of  the  three 
compartments  into  which  the  plan  is 
sub-divided,  is  entirely  filled  with  a 
profusion  of  ornamental  sculpture,  d 
rarabeaque,   of  most  tasteful  design, 
and  richly  gilded.    Each  of  the  di- 
Tisions.  formed  by  piers  on  which  are 
tamed  spacious  arcnes,  is  covered  by 
a  slightly  concave  dome,  indescribably 
splendid   with   colouring,    sculpture, 
and  gplding.   The  smaller  arch,  which 
forms  the  entrance  at  either  end,   is 
sapported  by  two  Caryatides  from  the 
AltMmi  collection.    The  refined  luxury 
and  grandeur  of  this  piece  of  archi- 
tectural scenery,    will    hardly  allow 
attention,  on  a  first  visit,  to  the  works 
of  ancient  art  it  contains  ;  yet  it  will 
readily  be  inferred  that  it  is  amply 
furnished  with  the  latter,  when  it  is 
said  that  here  are  collected  upwards 
of  one  hundred  different  specimens  of 
Roman  sculpture,   some  particularly 
fine,  all  interesting,  and  the  whole  ar- 
ranged in  the  most  beautiful  manner. 
We  shall,  however,  mention  but  one, 
viz.    a  sarcophagus   found  at  Roma 
Vecchia  in  1824,  on  which  is  a  bas- 
relief  representing  the  death  of  Ni- 
obe's  children.    This  is  in  many  re- 
spects similar  to  the  Vatican  sarco- 
|Miagus  with  the  same   subject,   but 
there  are  also  remarkable  discrepancies 
between  the  two. 

From  this  hall,  the  floor  of  which 
is  somewhat  below  the  level  of  the 
other  rooms,  whereby  greater  lofti- 
ness is  obtained,  the  visitor  ascends 
into  the  rotunda  called  the  Saal 
der  Farbigen  Bildwerke,  from  its  con- 
taining sculptures  in  bronze,  or  co- 
loured marbles.  In  the  ceatre  of  the 
marble  pavement  is  an  antique  mu- 
saic ;  the  walls  are  in  scagliola,  re- 
sembling giallo  anfico  pallido,  whose 
brilliant  yellow    tint  advantageously 


relieves  the  daricer  hues  and  materials 
of  the  sculpture ;  and  the  coffers  of 
the  dome  have  gilded  rosettes  and 
other  ornaments  on  a  light  green 
ground.  There  are  very  few  statues 
in  this  apartment,  most  of  the  subjects 
being  either  busts  or  candelabra; 
there  is,  however,  a  fine  whole-length 
figure  of  Ceres  seeking  her  daughter 
Proserpine ;  the  drapery  is  of  black, 
the  head  and  arms,  and  also  the  torch 
she  holds,  of  white  marble.  Among 
the  busts,  is  one  in  bronze,  supposed 
to  be  that  of  an  Athlete,  remarkable 
both  for  its  beauty,  and  the  pure  style 
of  Grecian  art  it  dbplays,  and  hardly 
less  so  for  the  singularity  of  the  lips 
having  been  originally  gilded,  as  is 
perceptible  enough  from  their  present 
appearance ;  the  hollows  for  tne  eyes 
were  undoubtedly  once  filled  eimer 
with  silver  or  gems. 

The  next  and  last  apartment  is  the 
Hall  of  Modern  Sculpture,  whose 
walls  of  verde  pallido  give  it  a  cheerful 
yet  delicate  character,  harmonizing 
with  the  more  brilliant  hue  of  the 
fresh  white  marble  of  the  figures  and 
busts.  These  are  at  present  not  nu- 
merous; but  two  of  them  do  honour  to 
the  modern  chisel,  and  are  worthy  of 
being  placed  jn  tiiis  temple  of  art, — 
Canova's  Paris,  and  Thorvaldsen's 
Adonis.  The  merits  of  these  well- 
paired  rivals  are  here  so  equally 
poised,  that  it  is  not  easy  to  adjudge 
a  decided  preference  to  eiUier.  Upon 
the  whole,  however,  there  is,  perhaps, 
more  true  poetic  conception  in  the 
work  of  the  Dane :  Thorvaldsen  ex- 
hibits to  us  not  the  Adonis  of  modern 
painting,  but  the  one  of  Grecian  my- 
thology. There  is  also  another  pro- 
duction by  the  same  artist,  that  ought 
not  to  be  passed  over  without  mention, 
it  being  the  bust  of  the  present  King  of 
Bavaria,  the  collector  of  the  various 
treasures  here  assembled,  and  the 
founder  of  the  noble  edifice  here  so 
imperfectly  sketched  by  us. 

In  point  of  mere  size,  the  Glyp- 
totheca  cannot  compete  with  many 
other  galleries,  but  for  completeness  in 
all  its  parts,  for  refined  elegance  of 
taste,  and  for  consistent  variety  of 
display,  within  the  same  compass,  it 
has  no  rival.  Neither  have  the  build- 
ing, and  the  collection  it  contains, 
been  the  accumulating  growth  of  years. 
They  have  not,  like  those  of  the  Va- 


366 


Letter  written  from  Athens,  in  1675. 


[April, 


tican,  be«n  gradually  carried  on  under 
a  EUCcessioD  of  sovercigna ;  they  have 
not  been  formed  by  a  wealthy  poten- 
tate, or  despotic  conqueror.  No ; 
within  the  space  of  a  few  years,  the 
whole  has  been  carried  into  effect 
by  une  whom  our  English  newspapers 
would  Jibi^rally  style  '  a  petty  German 
kingling!'  Let  it  also  be  borne  in  mind 
that  the  Glyptothcca  is  only  one  of  the 
fine  architectural  w^orks  which  Louis  \, 


of  Davaria  has  erected.  How  so  much 
should  have  beeaftcoomplisbed  witliin 
so  short  a  period,  and  witli  com  pa. 
ratively  such  limited  resources,  mu^t 
appear  niy&terious  to  most  persons, 
yet  the  mystery  is  only  in  prudent 
persevering  earnestness  of  pur|)o;e,  in 
real  love  of  art,  and  in  both  noble  and 
eoaobling  views  of  it. 

lu 


Lettteb  written  moM  Athens,  im  1675. 

Soine  account  of  Francis  Vernon,  the  writer  of  the  following  Letter,  will  be 
found  in  Wood's  Athenae  Oxon.  (edit.  Bliss,  iii.  1133.)  He  was  a  student  of 
Christ  Church.  M,A.  ICGO,  and  F.R.S.  1072,  He  spent  nearly  all  his  life,  alter 
leaving  college,  in  foreign  travel,  and  was  finally  assassinated  in  Per-'^in.  in  the 
year  I675.  A  letter  of  his  to  Mr.  Oldenburgh,  dated  from  Smyrna,  Jan.  10, 
1675.  was  soon  after  printed  in  the  Philn^ophical  Transactions,  Nanab.  124; 
and  the  substance  of  another,  written  from  Athens  in  the  same  year  (as  U  that 
now  produced),  is  given  by  Dr.  Birch  in  his  History  of  the  Royal  Society,  Iii. 
357.  His  note  book,  containing  many  ancient  inscriptions,  is  preserved  among 
the  Royal  Society's  papers.  It  docs  not  appear  to  whom  the  following  letter 
was  addressed : 


Athfnt$, 

B  o         Oct.  20.  1675. 

Reterexd  Sir, 

I  SEND  this  from  a  place  which 
ri  have  long  dctired  to  see,  of  which  1 
]liad  heard  much — learned  Athenes — 
ir  sister  university.  She  is  now 
ideed  grown  old,  and  1  had  almost 
lid  defbrmed.  Such  hath  been  her 
irtl  fortune,  and  so  great  the  variety 
her  disasters,  of  which  the  worst, 
aappose)  is  that  she  now  actually 
18  under,  her  subjection  to  the 
Turke,  who  is  a  proud  and  a  barbarous 
laster — the  scourge  of  the  world,  and 
rho  rends  to  pieces  every  thing  that 
ills  into  his  clawes.  Yet  cruelty  itself 
ith  some  pity  on  this  poor  unfor- 
rtanate  city,  and  there  reotaine  still 
shadows  of  its  antient  beauty, 
le  temple  of  Minerva,  which  stands 
the  top  of  all  the  fortresse,  which 
ue  hath  its  situation  upon  a 
of  a  reasonable  height,  and 
rhich  overlooks  all  the  Campagna  on 
"  sides  of  it.  will  always  beare  wit- 
ease  that  the  antient  Athenians  were 
ingenious  and  a  magnificent  people, 
is  of  the  Dorique  order,  of  tnat  as- 
ct  which  Vitruvius  calU  Prnpterv, 
iving  a  portico  all  round  about  it. 
Its  portico  hath  8  pillars  in  front, 
id  17  in  depth  ;  the  whole  number  is 
it  hath  a  double  frontispiece ;  that 


which  lookrs  towards  the  ArtoptMtk 
being  the  west  end,  where  wasthceolry 
of  the  temple,  is  tilled  with  figures  of  a 
most  excellent  sculpture.  The  biggest, 
-which  are  just  in  the  middle,  are  Ja- 
piterand  Pallas, — Jupiter  with  a  grave 
majestic  countenance  stretching  out 
his  annes,  and  Pallas  on  bis  right 
hand,  all  in  armour,  holding  a  lance 
and  her  shield  at  her  foot;  but  she 
hath  been  worse  used  than  Jupiter,  for 
her  head  is  broke  of,  and  one  of  her 
armes.  The  figures  which  are  by,  are 
in  postures  as  looking  and  poioting  to 
the  people  which  come  up  to  the  tem* 
pie.  At  the  east  end  there  hath  been 
antiently  an  inscription,  but  it  is  gone, 
for  it  was  plates  of  brassc  fastened  on 
with  nailes.  The  prints  of  the  nailes 
Btill  remaine  ;  the  bra»se  is  loat  There 
arc  great  noble  (igures  of  horses,  and 
a  triumphant  chariot,  and  women  with 
shields,  done  with  great  skill.  For  this 
temple  was  built  in  Perieln  his  time, 
when  architecture  and  sculpture  was 
at  the  height  among  the  Greeks,  and 
Ictinus  and  Callicrates  were  the  mas- 
ter-builders. Round  the  fregio  are 
several  other  figures,  most  relating  to 
Theseus.  Tlie  figure  of  the  temple  is 
a  long  square,  the  length  is  I70  feet, 
the  breadth  J  could  not  take,  for  it  U 
a  garrison,  and  the  Turkes  are  vrx- 
atiuus,  and  would  scarce  let  me  finish 


1835.] 


Letter  wHtimtJrvm  Athemtt  in  1675. 


367 


the  lengtb.  Witfainside  there  are  no 
ornaments,  only  rows  of  pillars,  which 
stand  parallel  to  those  withoat;  and 
make  the  isles  of  the  temple.  Towards 
the  upper  end,  where  the  goddesse 
stood,  there  is  ascent  of  some  fonr 
steps,  the  rest  is  all  naked.  The  win- 
dowes  are  strangely  small  for  snch  a 
Al>riqne,  and  those  placed  towards  the 
top,  which  makes  it  very  darke.  There 
comes  in  more  light  at  the  door,  than 
at  all  the  windows  together.  The 
doore  is  very  large ;  I  judge  it  near 
30  foot  high.  The  Tnrkes  have  made 
a  mosche  of  it,  and  they  made  noe 
alterations  in  it,  only  laide  some  ugly 
carpets  along  the  floOre.  The  Chris- 
tian Greekes  made  a  church  of  it,  and 
Soiled  the  east  end,  to  make  a  high 
tar  after  their  fiwhion,  which  is  an 
apsis  advancing  out.  There  is  re- 
maining, besides,  in  the  castle  of 
Athenes,  or  Acropolis,  a  temple  of  Pan- 
drosos,  which  is  but  small,  (but  there 
are  fonr  figures  of  women,  which  be- 
long to  it,  in  a  Turke's  house  adjoin- 
ing, of  excellent  worke),  a  temple 
of  victory,  and  an  antient  palace, 
which  the  Turkish  governor  made  his 
residence,  till  part  of  it  was  blown  up 
some  36  years  ago— a  most  sump* 
tnons  and  stately  structure.  The  pillars 
which  remaine  are  lonique.  At  the 
east  end  of  the  towne  are  roines  of  a 
great  fabrique  built  by  Adriau.  He 
built  two  temples  in  Athenes,  one  to 
Jupiter  Olympins,  another  Pantheon, 
with  a  library  and  a  portico.  One 
sees  yet  sixteen  pillars  standing  of 
the  Corinthian  order,  very  vast,  with 
their  base  and  capitals,  near  sixty 
feet  high.  I  suppose  they  were  re- 
maines  of  this  portico.  There  are 
several  other  temples  remaining  in 
Beverall  parts  of  the  town ;  one  of  The- 
aeu9,  which  is  pretty  entire,  and  much 
the  best  next  to  that  of  Minerva- 
one  of  Ceres,  one  of  Hercules,  one 
which  they  call  wtixot,  which  Vltru- 
vins  mentions,  a  tower  built  to  them, 
the  Winds.  The  Winds  are  done  in 
sculpture,  withoutside,  in  very  good 
worke.  There  is  a  palace,  they  call 
it  of  Pericles,  built  with  white  marble, 
with  a  large  cornice  and  pillars  of  the 
Corinthian  order,  after  the  best  man- 
ner. There  are  several  other  things, 
but  broken  and  scattered,  yet  worth 
seeing;  but  it  would  be  tedious  to 
write  all.    The  sea  is  near  Athenes. 


The  haven  of  FhUra  is  not  above 
three  miles  distant ;  Muniehia  and 
Pireevm  something  above  four  miles. 
JEgina  lies  over  against  Phalera.  Sa- 
lamis  lies  more  in  the  gulf,  and  is 
opposite  to  Eleusis.  Since  my  com- 
ing into  Greece,  I  have  been  round 
Peloponnesos,  and  seen  what  remains 
of  tne  mbst  remarkable  cities  there. 
At  Cbrm/A  there  is  scarce  anything 
but  a  piece  of  a  temple.  The  Acro- 
polis was  very  vast.  The  castle  is 
now  neere  eight  miles  in  compasse, 
(but  that  of  Athenes  is  not  so  big 
as  Windsor),  but  the  situation  is 
wonderfnll  pleasant,  looking  upon  that 
gulf  which  is  towards  Patras,  but 
tile  other  gulf,  which  is  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Isthmns,  which  is  towards 
Athenes,  they  can't  see  from  the  towne, 
for  it  is  above  twelve  miles  distant. 
The  isthmus,  in  the  narrowest  place, 
is  six  miles  over.  Argot  lies  in  a 
most  pleasant  plaine,  some  six  miles 
from  the  sea,  but  this  plaine  is  bounded 
with  very  high  hills,  which  run  across 
the  country.  Among  them  is  Mount 
Erymanthns,  famous  for  Hercules,  and 
Cyllene  for  Mercuric;  Mount  Par- 
tiienius,  which  was  dedicated  to  Pan, 
I  past  over  in  my  way  to  Sparta.  It 
is  very  high,  but  Taygetus  is  much 
higher,  and  the  highest  of  all  I  saw  in 
Peloponnesus.  It  runs  out  in  length 
above  eighty  miles,  it  is  some  four 
miles  distant  from  Sparta,  which  lies 
upon  the  river  Eurotas,  which  is  not 
quite  so  large  as  the  CHierwell  at 
Magdalen-bridge,  and  much  shallower. 
The  towne  is  now  quite  forsaken,  the 
inhabitants  being  at  Mijorpa,  which  lies 
at  the  foot  of  Mount  Taygetus.  There 
remaine  in  Sparta  the  ruinea  of  several 
temples;  a  great  theatre,  pretty  entire; 
several  towers  and  fragments  of  build- 
ing of  the  wall.  One  seetb  almost  the 
whole  compasse.  It  would  cost  a  day's 
time  to  compasse  Mount  Taygetus  ;  it 
is  a  most  desperate  dangerous  rocke, 
but  full  of  fine  springs,  and  cypresse, 
and  plane  trees,  and  ilexes :  Calamatta 
lieth  on  the  other  side,  in  a  curious 
plaine,  the  richest  and  plcasantest  of  all 
I  saw  in  the  Morea.  Here  are  great 
quantity  of  silks  made ;  it  is  famous 
for  good  figs,  and  so  is  Sparta;  I 
happened  to  be  here  in  the  season  as 
they  gathered  thera.  They  exceed  all 
I  ever  tasted.  The  wines  are  very 
choice,  and  in  general  all  the  fruits. 


Letter  vorlttenfrom  Athens,  in  1 675. 


This  was  antieotlj'  the  vale  of  Messene, 
bet^K'eea  whom  and  the  Spartans  were 
such  bloody  warrea.    Messntf  is  quite 
demolished ;  one  sceth  some   broken 
buildings,   and  Mount  Ithome.  and  a 
piece  of  a  mole,  which  was  their  har- 
hour.     Kopwinri  is  in  a  good  condition. 
That  and  Athenes  arc  the  two  great 
places  for  oyles,    of   all  Greece,    at 
thia  time.     It  lieth  near  one  of  the 
points  of  the  Gulf  of  Messene;    and 
Tenarus,  which  is  part  of  Mount  Tay- 
getus,  makes  the  olher.  The  Mainotes, 
which  are  the  reraaines  of  the  ancient 
Laexdemonians.     inhabit      Tenarus : 
and  they  are  but  lately  reduced  ity  the 
Turkes,   since   the  taking  of  Candie. 
The  Bassa  of  the  Morea  was  then  at 
Pazzava,  a  town  of  the  Mainotes,  when 
I  passed  the  bill,  which  was  well  for 
me,  for  there  i«   notable  thieving  in 
that  country.     MtSwvrj  lieth  upon  the 
Ionian  Sea;  the  castle  is  verj-  strong  ; 
the  greatest  part  of  it  lieth  in  the  sea  ; 
all  round  it  towards  land,  are  graves 
of  Turkes    who    were   alaine   before 
it,  when  they  tooke  it  from  the  Vene- 
tians.     That   which   ia    now    called 
Navarrin,  wasantiently  Pyloa,  where 
Nestor  lived.    It  is  the  best  part  of  all 
Peloponnesus.      Here    is    an    antient 
castle  ;    but  no  signs  of  any  famous 
antiquity  of  those  first  times.      The 
countr\' hereabouts  is  very  barren,  till 
we  came  toward?    Philatra  and  Area- 
dia,  which  are  rich  and  pleasant :  this 
Arcadia  is  but  a  modem  towne  ;  but  I 
judge  it  the  pieajsantest  of  the  Morea. 
The  antient  country  of  Arcadia  lieth  in 
the  heart  of  Peloponnesus,  and  I  pass- 
ed quite  cross  it  in  my  voyage  between 
Argos  and  Sparta.    It  is  now  all  full  of 
ahepherds  and  cattle  ;  and  the  plaine 
of  Tegea  or  Mochlia  is  a  great  cham- 
pagne.    Between  Arcadia,  the  town, 
and  the  river  Alpheus,  is  a  great  de- 
aert.  all  woods,  themost  partpines.aod 
lakes  made  by  the  rivers  Anigrus  and 
Amathus.      The   river   Alpheua  itself 
is  the  fairest  and  beautifullest  of  all  I 
have  seen  in  Greece.     I  spent  a  day's 
time  to  look  for  the  place  where  the 
Olympic   games  were  celebrated.      I 
believe  I  was  at  it ;  for  I  ranged  all 
alioot  the  river,  but  could  find  nothing 
that   would    prove    it.     The   country 
people  and  Albaoeses  brought  mc  to 
the  mines  of  a  castle  about  a  quarter  of 
a  mile  distant  from  the  river,  and  som« 
two  leagoes  from  the  sea.  God  knows 

4 


I 


whether  it  was  Olympia.     I   was  tt 
another  place  two  leagues  from  thi*. 
where  there  was  the  ruioe  of  aouther 
castle ;  but  I  found  neither  statue  nor 
inscription.     If  it  was   Pisa,    I  can't      ^| 
aflirm  ;  may  be  it  might.     The  whole      V 
country    is   a  delicate  plaine,  fit  for 
exercises  either  of  men  or  horses,  which 
in  Greece  is  a  rarity .  for  it  is  very  moun- 
tainous.    Beyond  Gastuna  I  saw  the 
ruines  of  a  towne.     I  doo  believe  it 
was  EUa  ;  for  these  ruines  were  oean 
a  river,  which  I  don't  doubt  was  Pe- 
neus   of  Peloponesus ;     (for   there  is 
another  in  Thessaly)  :  the  Albancaes 
shewed  a  course  for  horses,  which  I 
believe  the    Eliana   practised  for  the 
Olympic    Games ;    but   it   was  about 
forty   miles    distant    from    the    river 
Alpheus,  which  distance  1  believe  £Zm 
had.  Patnc,  or  Patras,  is  a  flourishing 
towne  now  :  near  it  lies  a  great  hilU 
called  the   Black  Mountain,   now  by 
Homer  Petra  Olenia.     From  Patras  I 
could  see  the   Echinades,  where   the 
battle  of  Lepanto  was  fought,  and  the 
Turkish  fleete  went  out  of  the  Gulf  of 
Corinth,  when  they  went  to  the  battle. 
I  was  at  Lepanto,  where  the  castle  lieth 
up  the  hill,  three  walla  built  one  above 
the  otlier,  and  the  maine  fortresse  on 
the  top.  I  passed  through  part  of  PAacu, 
and  went  by  Dvlphoa,  where  was  the 
oracle  of  Apollo.    It  is  a  hideous  situa- 
tion, all  among  rocks.     I  found   the 
ruines  of  the  temple,  and  several  things 
of  worth.  I  passed  though  Boeotia.  and 
went  to   Thebet.    It  is  a  large  towne, 
almost   as    big    as   Athens,    situated 
on   a   hill   which  is  not  high.     The 
Castle  of  Cadmus  is  quite  ruined,  but       ^| 
one   sees   where    it   stood,    and    the       ^| 
fountain    where   Cadmus    killed    the 
serpent,    I    saw.     It  is    in    the    way 
to  Athenes. 

I  present  my  humble  respects  to  tJw 
Provost  of  Eaton  and  Dr.  Pocock,  and 
the  rest  of  the  Chapitre  ;  and  am. 
Reverend  Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 
F.  Vebno."*. 

In  the  way  betweene  Lepanto  and 
Salona.  a  daye's  journey  from  Dcl- 
phos,  my  companion  died;  one  Sir 
Giles  Eaatcourt,  a  Wiltshire  gentle- 
man, who  had  beenc  formerly  of  Ox- 
ford, I  think  of  Edmund  Hall.  I  have 
written  to  his  friends  to  give  theoB 
notice  of  what  hat}i  happen^. 


I 


FLATE    n. 


a0UJKi».f!>ljnupriZJUa. 


i835.]  Imperial  Greek  Coi$i9.  S69 

llARB  AND  UNPUBLISHED  COINS  OP  ROMAN  EMPERORS,  CiBSARS, 
AND  EMPRESSES,  STRUCK  IN  GREEK  CITIES.— LETTER  II. 

VII.  YESPASIANUS. 

COTIAEUX  3N   PhKTGIA. 

Obverte.  OYESHASIANON  .  KAISAPA  .  KOTlAEIzi  Ve^paaiamu  Cteaar 
the  people  of  Cotiaeum  (honour).    Laoreated  henad  of  the  Emperor  to  the  right. 

Reverse.  £111  .  K  .  APETIA02  .  4IA0IIATPIA.  Eirt  KXaudiov  Aptrtios 
4iXo7rarptdor.  Under  CUmdivM  Are  tee,  a  lover  of  Ua  -eoim/rjr.  Esculapias  stand  • 
ing  to  the  left,  on  the  capital  of  a  column,  holding  a  staff,  round  which  a 
serpent  is  entwined.  JE.  size  6^.  (Plate  2.  No.  \.)  [/n  the  British  Mueeum.} 

The  obverse  of  this  coin  is  somewhat  remarkable,  from  its  bearing  the  legend 
in  the  accusative  case  ;  8*  form  sometimes  used  on  the  Imperial  Greek  coins 
of  this  period.  The  legend  of  the  reverse  would  seen^'to  imply  that  a  statue 
of  Esculapius  was  erected  at  Cotiaeum  in  the  time  of  Veispaaiontu,  under  the 
Archonship  of  Aretes. 

The  ancient  authors  are  not  unanimous  in  their  account  of  tius  deity,  who 
80  often  figures  on  the  coins  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans.  The  most  popular 
fable  seems  to  be  ihat  which  describes  him  as  the  son  of  ApoHo  and  Coronis, 
daughter  of  Phlegias,  a  Tbessalian.  See  Pind.  Pyth.  III.  Tarquitius  says 
he  was  a  foundling,  and  owed  his  life  to  the  humanity  of  somehnnters.  Some 
say  his  original  name  was  Eipiia,  and  that  he  did  not  take  that  of  Esculapius 
until  after  he  had  cured  an  ancient  Monarch  of  Epidaurus.  Esculapius  was 
not  unfrequently  worshipped  under  the  form  of  a  serpent,  a  syqibol  of  almost 
universal  adoration,  and  which  the  Sieur  de  St.  Amant  wtald  trace  ap  to  the 
time  of  Moses,  whose  brazen  serpent  saved  the  murmuring  Israielites  when  they 
looked  upon  it.  Pausanias*  says  the  Phocenses  called  Escula^ns  Arehagekte, 
or  the  Primseval  Deity. 

Cotiaeum  was  a  city  of  Phrygia  Epictetos,  the  northern  portion  of  Fhrygia 
Magna.  Wie  have  coins  of  this  city  from  Tiberius  to  Gallienas ;  and  Cybele, 
of  course, 'figures  on  the  most  of  them,  this  goddess  being  the  fiivourite  deity 
of  the  Phrygians :  hence  her  name  of  Phrygia  Mater.  Other  deities,  how- 
ever, often  appear,  and  doubtless  had  temples  in  Cotiaeum. 

VIII.  CARACALLA. 

COTIAEUM    IN    PHRYGIA. 

Obverse.  ANTQNINOC  .  AYTOYCTOC.  AntomiMB  Auguttus.  Laureated 
head  of  Caracalla  to  the  right. 

Reverse.  KOTIAEON.  {MoatY)  qf  ihe  pe(^le  cf  OetiaeiiM.  Jupiter  seated  to 
the  left.    i£.  8ize4.  [In  tie  Britiah  Museum.] 

The  execution  of  this  coin  is  coarse  and  inelegant,  but  the  highly  charac- 
teristic features  of  the  tyrant  ore  well  preserved. 

IX.    SEVERUS  ALEXANDER. 

COTIAEUM    IN   PHRYGIA. 

Obverse.  M  .  AYP.  EEYH  .  A.\ESANAPOE  .  AV~.  MapKOs  Avprfkios  Srow;- 
pos  AXt^avbaos  Avyovtrros.  The  Emperor  Marcus  Aurelius  Sevenu  Alexander 
Augustus.    Laureated  bust  of  Alexander  to  the  right. 

Reverse.     EDI MOY  .  APXONTOE  .  A  .  KOTIAEON.     (Money)  of  the 

people  of  Cotiaeum,  under  .....  Archon  for  the  first  time.  A  youthful  naked 
male  figure  overpowering  a  stag,  which  he  seizes  by  th^'-horns,  his  left  knee 
pressing  on  the  animal's  back.     M.  size  74>  U*  the  Writer's  cabinet.'] 

Among  the  remarkable  sKpIoits  of  Hercules  was  the  capture  of  the  Hind 

■  Book  X.  c.  xzx. 
Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  IIL  :i  "B 


370 


Imperial  Creek  Coint. 


[April, 


of  CEuoe,  aaid  to  have  been  rurnisbed  with  golden  horns  and  brazen 
feet.  V,  Pind.  vol.  iii.  5$.  This  animal  was  of  astonishing  swiftness ;  but 
was  overpowered  by  the  hero,  and  carried  by  him  to  his  task-roaster  Eurys- 
theusi.  Borcuica  figures  on  a  great  number  of  ancient  coins ;  on  a  large  brass 
of  Anloninua  Pius,  struck  at  Alexandria  in  the  twelfth  year  of  that  Emperor's 
reign,  be  is  rppre»entedi  Id  the  same  attitude  as  on  the  coin  under  notice.  His 
other  'labours'  form  the  subject  of  the  reverses  of  those  of  many  Greek  cities. 
According  to  Apoliodonia,"'  Hercules  was  twenty-two  years  of  age  when  he 
destroyed  the  Nemsean  lion.  His  third  task  was  the  capture  of  the  Hind 
while  be  was  still  a  young  man,  as  he  is  represented  on  this  coin  of  Cotiaeunu 

X.     PHILIPPUS  JUNIOR. 

COTIAEUM    IN    PHaYGIA. 

Obvene lOYAIOC  .  *L\IIinoC  ,  K lovXtor  *iXiinrof  Kaitrap. 

{M.)  Julius  Ph'dippvs  Casar.    Bare  head  of  the  younger  Philippus  to  the  right. 

Heverte.  KOTIAEQN,  (money)  of  the  people  of  Coliaeum,  ^iilsculapias 
standing  to  the  left,  holding  his  staff,  round  which  a  serpent  is  entwined.  M. 
ai/e  5.  [/«  the  Britiah  Museum.^ 

This  coin,  from  its  bearing  the  title  of  Caesar,  must  have  been  struck  before 
the  year  of  Rome  1000  (A.D.  247).  tbe  younger  Philip  being  then  associated 
in  the  empire  with  his  father  as  Au</usiKt.  Of  the  deity  on  the  reverse,  see 
No.  Vll. 

XI.     SEPTlMiUS  SEVERUS. 

PEBGA    IN    PAMPHYLIA.. 

OSwrve.  AYT  .  K  .  A  .  CE  .  CEOYHPOC  .  DE  .  AvroKfjarap  Kaiaap  Aov- 
Ktos  ttiTTifuos  Jfoinjpot  Utpriva^,  The  Emperor  Ctenar  Luciut  Septimiua  Stvenu 
Pertinax.     Laurcated  bust  of  Severus  to  the  right,  with  the  (>aludamentum. 

Reverse.  nEPfAlQN,  (Money)  o/  the  people  of  Perqa.  Fortune  standing 
to  the  left,  with  rudder  and  cornucopiae.   yE.  size  9i-    [/«  ihe  Brituh  AfiueiMi.] 

The  site  of  this  city,  celebrated  for  its  Temple  of  Diana  (Diana  Pergaea),  is 
indicated  by  Pumponiua  Mela.'  It  otood  upon  the  river  Cestros,  about  sixty 
stadia  from  the  sea.  To  Perga  St.  Paul  proceeded  after  his  encounter  with 
Elymas  the  Sorcerer.'*  The  coins  of  Perga  are  numerous,  and  many  of  them 
bear  the  cthgy  of  the  favourite  goddess  Diana.  A  curioos  coin  of  this  city  ia 
described  hereafter  (see  No.  XIV). 

XII.    GETA, 


I 

a 


IN 


PAXPHTLTA. 

Bust  of  Geta,  to  the  right,  bare-hei 


PBROA 

Ohver»e CEBfaoror). 

and  with  the  paludamentum. 

Reverie.  IlEPrAlQN.  (Money)  of  the  people  of  Perga.  Bacchus  standing 
to  the  lc{\,  holding  the  cantharus  or  two-huodled  vase  in  his  right  hand,  ao4 
the  thyrsus  erect  in  his  left,     AL.  size  4.  [Im  the  IFriier't  cabimet.'] 

I  know  of  no  other  coin  of  Perga  with  the  figure  of  Bacchus,  or  Dionysus, 
who  is  here  represented  in  a  very  common  attitude.  The  thyrsus  and  can- 
tharus  arc  the  most  usual  attributes  of  this  deity. 

Sidonius  Apollinaris,  describing  the  triumphs  of  the  jolly  god,  says, 

"  Canthanis  et  Ihynus  dextrA  lievAqae  feruntor." 

Though  the  obverse  of  thi»  coin  is  much  injured,  the  letters  CRBiurrM  de- 
note that  it  was  struck  after  he  was  created  AugnaiuM  A.  D.  209.  and  of  coon* 
Iireviously  to  A.  D.  2)2,  when  he  was  murdered  by  his  brother  Caracallm ;  un* 
ess.  indeed,  the  title  was  given  him  by  an  ignorant  moneyer.* 


•  Lib.  i.  c.  H.  *  Ai-tM  xiiL  v.  1.3. 

*  Thin  ii  not  likelj  to  be  the  cue  with  the  roin  in  (|aeition  ;  bnt  colonial  braat 
Britannicw  have  tbe  title  of  Aofvitus,  which  tlut  prince  could  not  have  bonM. 


1835.}  Imperial  Greek  Qoitu.  371 

XIII.    SEVERUS  AI.EXANDER. 

PSBOA   IN   PAIfFHYLIA. 

Obverse.  M  .  AY .  AAESANAPOC .  KAt  ■  MapKor  Avptjktos  AXt^avtipos  Kai- 
trap.  Marcus  Aurelius  Alexander  Cmfflr.  Bust  of  Alexander  to  the  right, 
bare-headed,  and  with  the  paladameotum  :  behind  the  head,  K  A. 

Beverse.  IIEPrAION.  (Money)  eff  the  people  qf  Perga,  Diana  in  a  distylp 
Temple.    JS.  size  6}.  [/»  tke  British  Musettm.] 

This  coin  is  of  coarse  fabric,  and  the  portrait  is  not  good.  The  reverse  is 
injured.  Alexander  was  adopted  by  Elagabaius,  and  declared  Caesar  in  the 
year  of  Rome  974,  A.D.  221,  and  in  the  following  year  succeeded  to  the  em- 

fiire,  so  that  the  exact  period  at  which  it  was  struck  may  be  nearly  ascertained, 
t  is  difficult  to  explain  the  signification  of  the  letters  K.  A.    If  they  are  placed 
as  numerals,  they  stand  for  21. 

XIV.    PHILIPPUS. 

PEBOA   IN   PAXPHTLIA. 

O&eerw.  AY  .  K .  M  .  lOYA  .  «IAIIinOC .  CEB.  AvroKparttp  Kaurao  Map- 
Km  IovXmx  tiKtmros  itfioirros.  The  Emperor  Ccesar  Marcus  Julius  Philqtpua 
Augustus.    Laureated  head  to  the  right,  with  the  palndamentum. 

Reverse.  IIEPrAIAC .  (APT)EMIAOC .  ACYAOY.  (Temple)  qf  Diana  Pergtea, 
Inviolable.  A  cone-shaped  stone  ornamented  with  bas-reliefs,  standing  within 
a  distyle  Temple,  on  tne  front  of  which  is  an  eagle  with  expanded  wiugs ; 
above  the  stone,  the  sun  and  moon.  Size  /.  (Plate  2,  No.  4.)  [/»  the  British 
Museum}. 

The  cone-shaped  image  represented  on  this  coin  was  doubtless  the  earliest 
form  under  which  the  Diana  of  Perga  was  worshipped.  We  learn  from  Pau- 
sanias  that  the  earliest  ^ods  of  the  Greeks  were  simply  blocks  of  stone ;  and 
this  author,  who  lived  m  the  reign  of  Commodus,  mentions  several  of  these 

frimitive  deities  as  existing  in  Greek  cities  in  his  time.  At  a  later  period 
llagabalus  was  as  much  ridiculed  at  Rome  for  bringing  his  stone  god  £1 
Gabal  to  the  eternal  city,  as  for  his  numerous  other  insane  acts ;  yet  nothing 
was  more  natural  than  that  one  who  had  been  nursed  in  the  grossest  supersti- 
tion, should  pay  homage  to  a  supposed  divinity,  of  which  he  had  been  consti- 
tuted priest ;  and  the  origin  of  which  was  lost  in  remote  antiquity.  "  Jovem 
lapidem  "  was,  we  are  told,  a  most  solemn  oath  among  the  Romans,  doubt- 
less because  Jupiter  was  originally  worshipped  under  the  figure  of  a  huge 
stone.  Coins  of  Seleucia  present  us  with  a  temple,  within  which  is  a  cone- 
shaped  stone,  the  Zevs  Karai/3an;r  of  the  Seleucenses.  Others  of  several  Phoe- 
nician cities.  Tyre,  Ascalon,  and  Sidon,  in  particular,  have  the  goddess  Astarte 
sometimes  as  a  huge  stone  placed  on  a  car  and  surmounted  by  a  head 
encircled  by  rays ;  while  on  others  a  perfect  figure  is  given,  crowned  with 
the  lotus  flower,  and  accompanied  by  the  attributes  by  which  she  is  generally 
recognised.'  Pausauias  describes  many  of  these  early  representations  of  the 
Greek  deities.  He  also  says  that  the  worship  of  Astarte  or  Venus  Urania  was 
borrowed  from  the  Phoenicians,  who  had  a  temple  to  that  goddess  at  Ascalon 
in  Palestine.  This  is  the  Astoreth  of  the  Phoenicians,  and  the  Ashtaroth  of 
Holy  Writ.  It  seems  highly  probable  that  these  stones  were  aerolites.  If  so, 
the  superstitious  adoration  which  was  paid  to  them  may  at  once  be  accounted 
for.  The  ancient  writers  speak  of  stones  which  fell  from  heaven.  The  paUO" 
dium  is  said  to  have  thus  descended ;  and  mention  is  made  in  the  New  Tes- 
tament of  "the  image  that  fell  down  from  Jupiter."'  Doubtless  other 
descriptions  of  stones  were  adopted  by  artful  priests,  and  regarded  with  vene- 
ration, and  such  probably  was  that  covered  with  Persepolitan  characters  nov 

'  Winckelmann  traces  the  progress  of  ancient  art  by  the  improvement  in  the  fomv 
of  the  varioos  deities. — (Hist,  de  I'Art,  livre  I.)  '  Acts  xiz.  v.  35. 


372  Imperial  Greek  Coins.  [April, 

preserved  in  the  Bibliotheque  du  Rot  at  Paria ;  but  many  of  them  were  evi- 
dently of  an  origin  which  in  those  times  were  of  coarse  considered  celestial :  a 
substance  resembling  no  natural  product  of  the  terrestrial  globe,  suddenly  de- 
scending in  smoke  and  flame,  and  accompanied  by  loud  noises,  like  the  crash 
of  thunder,  would  certainly  be  looked  upon  in  those  ages  as  the  missive  of  a 
deity.  Until  these  few  years  past  the  accounts  of  showers  of  meteoric  stones 
have  been  treated  as  fables,  but  they  are  now  authenticated,  and  have  furnished 
matter  for  much  scientific  speculation.  Livy,  Plutarch,  and  Pliny  speak  of 
the  descent  of  meteoric  stones,  and  Herodian's  description  of  the  stone  brought 
by  Elagabalus  to  Rome  agrees  with  the  usual  appearance  of  aerolites.  A  huge 
mass  of  this  kind  was  worshipped  by  the  people  of  Pessinus  in  Galatia,  as  their 
favourite  deity  Cybele,  and  was  brought  to  Rome  by  Publius  Scipio  Nasica, 
and  deposited  in  the  temple  of  the  motiher  of  the  gods.  It  is  somewhat  singu- 
lar that  Bunnan,  who  has  given  us  a  learned  tract  on  the  Ztvs  KaratfiaTijs 
(Jupiter  Descensor)  of  the  Greeks,  has  not  alluded  to  the  descent  of  meteoric 
stones.  This  author  shows  that  Catebates  was  used  in  a  sense  exactly  oppo- 
site to  thatof  Milichius:  "MctXucut  comparari  ob  benevolentiam  et  clementiam, 
KATAIBATHN  autem  dictum  fuisse,  quia  fulmine  hostes  percellere  puta- 
batur."  •" 

Among  the  various  cities  of  Greece  to  which  the  right  of  Asylum  was 
accorded,  was  Perga,  who  has  commemorated  the  boasted  privilege  on  many 
of  her  coins.  As  was  the  case  in  the  middle  ages,  these  privileges  were  grossly 
abused,  and  sanctuary  was  afforded  to  the  vilest  and  most  abandoned  characters. 
Tkcitns  says  that  these  asylums  multiplied  in  Greece  daring  the  reign  of  Tibe- 
rius, and  that  they  wete  filled  by  runaway  slaves,  fraudulent  debtors,  and  per- 
sons convicted  of  capital  crimes.'  It  was  found  necessary  to  check  this  evil, 
and  the  cities  arrogating  their  right  of  sanctuary,  were  commanded  to  send 
deputies  to  establish  their  claims.  Some  of  them  voluntarily  relinquished  the 
rigat  they  had  assumed,  while  others  maintained  it  on  the  ground  of  high  anti< 
qaity,  or  their  services  to  the  Roman  people.  Among  the  latter  were  t£e  cities 
of  Magnesia,  Aphrodisias,  Strato^iicea,  Cyprus,  and  Hierocsesarea.  Stratonicea 
appealed  to  a  grant  of  Julius  Ctesar,  and'  HierocKsarea  referred  to  the  Temple 
of  Diana  Persica,  which  had  been  consecrated  by  Cyrus,  claiming  also  the 
privilege  of  sanctuary  for  two  miles  around  it.  At  a  later  period  of  the  same 
reign,  deputies  arrived  at  Rome  from  Cos  and  Samos,  claiming  a  confirmation 
of  dieir  privilege  of  sanctuary.  Those  of  Cos  reminded  the  Senate  that  the 
sanctuary  afforded  by  their  temple  of  Esculapius,  had  preserved  many  Roman 
citizens  when  Mithridates  ordered  the  massacre  in  Asia.''  Banduri'  thinks 
that  Perga  was,  with  other  cities,  denied  the  privilege  of  an  asylum  by  Tiberias ; . 
but  that  it  was  granted  to  her  in  the  reign  of  Gordianus  the  Tliird,  upon  whose 
coins  the  title  of  Inviolablie  first  appears." 

XV.    PHILIPPUS  JUNIOR. 

PXROA   IN   PAMPBTLIA. 

<^vene.  AY  .  K .  M .  lOY .  CEOY .  ■  *IAIIinOC  .  CE.  AvroKpamp  Kaurap 
MapKos  lovXtor  Itavtipos  ^ikamot  Sfj9aoTo«.  The  Emperor  Ceuar  Marcus  Ju- 
lius Severus  PMlipjms  Augustus.  Laureated  head  of  the  younger  Philip  to  the 
right,  with  the  paludamentum. 

Reverse.  nEPTAlAC  .  APTEMIAOC  .  ACYAOY.  (Temple)  of  Diana  Pergaa. 
Inviolable.  Diana  in  a  hunting  dress ;  in  her  left  hand  a  bow  ;  her  right  ele- 
vated, as  if  having  just  discharged  an  arrow.    M.  size  6i. 

[/» the  British  Museum.J 


^  Caput  xii.  p.  87.^  '  Annales,  lib.  iii.  c.  60.  ■■  Annales,  lib.  iv.  c.  13. 

'  Tom.  i.  p.  189.  ■■  Mionnet,  toaae  iii.  p.  466. 

■  The  name  of  Severus  only  occurs  on  the  Greek  coins  of  the  younger  Philip,  and 
it  is  not  mentioned  at  all  by  historians.  It  was  probably  a  family  name,  his  mother's 
bang' Severe. 


1835.]  Imperial  Greek  Coint.  379 

Ephesus  and  other  Greek  cities  represent  Diana  Venatri*  in'.A  similar  atti- 
tude. She  is  represented  with  varioas  attributes  on  the  autononunu  coins  of 
Perga,  as  well  as  on  those  of  the  Emperors. 

XVI.     SALONINUS. 

PBBOA   IN   PAXPHTMA. 

Obvene.  HO  .  AIK  .  CAAON  .  OYAAEPIANOC  .  CEB  .  no/3X(os  Aucmos 
ZaXoavuior  Ovdktpuiyos  Sc/Sooror.  Piibliiu  lAciaim,  Saloninu$  Faleriamu  Ah- 
guihu.  Laureated  head  to  the  right ;  beneath,  an  eagle  with  expanded  wings ; 
in  the  field,  I. 

Reverse.    IIEPrAIQN NEOKOPON.    (Money)   of  the  people  of  Perga 

Neoeori.    A  female  seated  on  a  rock,  to  the  left ;  in  her  right  hand  an  ear  of 
com ;  at  her  feet,  the  prow  of  a  g^ley.     In  the  field,  A.     M.  size  9- 

[7tt  the  British  Museum.'] 

The  seated  figiire  on  this  coin  bears  some  resemblance  to  .that  on  the  coins 
of  Edessa,  and  indicates  that  the  city  stood  on  the  banks  of  a  river. 

This  city  was  proclaimed  Neocora  in  the  reign  of  Grallienos,  when  games 
were  held  m  honour  of  the  Emperor  and  his  son  Saloninus. 

XVII.    HADRIANUS. 

CIBTBA  IN   PHBTGIA. 

Obvene.  AYTO  .  KAI  .  TPA  .  AAPIANOC.  AvroRparup  Kaurap  Tpaumts 
Mptatms.  The  Emperor  Ccesar  Drajanus  Hadrianus.  Laureated  bust  of  Ha- 
drianus  to  the  right ;  the  shoulders  bare. 

Reverse.  Eni  .  «AA  .  OBlAlANOY  FPA  .  KIBYPATQN.  En-t  *Xafiiov  0/3i- 
duivov  Tpc^iun-€a>g  Ktfivparay.  Under  Flaviua  Obidianus  Scribe  of  the  people  qf 
Cibyra.  Jupiter  seated  to  the  left;  in  his  right  hand  a  patera;  in  his  left, 
the  basta.     Size  7.  (Plate  3,  No.  2.)  {In  the  British  Museum.] 

The  type  of  this  fine  and  probably  unique  coin  is  similar  to  that  described  by 
Mionnet ;  <>  but  the  legend  differs  on  each  side.  The  money  of  this  city  corrects 
the  orthography  of  Pliny  and  Ptolemy,  who  call  it  Ki^ppa.  Cibyra  was  one 
of  the  twelve  cities  of  Aisia  which  suffered  by  the  great  earthquake  in  the  reign 
of  Tiberius,  and  was  in  consequence  of  that  calamity  eiempted  from  all  taies 
and  imposts  for  three  years.?  A  well-known  large>brass  Latin  coin  comme- 
morates the  munificence  of  that  vicious  Emperor,  whose  generosity  on  this  oc- 
casion seems  inexplicable,  since  he  was  a  man  who  certainly  despised  public 
opinion.    The  magistrate's  name  on  this  coin  is  perhaps  blundered. 

The  word  «crt6e  often  occurs,  both  in  the  Old  and  New  Testaments.  In  the 
second  book  of  Samuel  i  there  is  a  list  of  King  David's  officers,  among  whom 
is  "  Saraiah,  who  was  the  scribe ;"  and  here  the  title  would  seem  to  agre6 
with  that  which  is  so  frequently  found  on  the  coins  of  the  Greeks.  In  the  Acts 
of  the  Apostles/  the  Scribe  or  rpa/i/iarcvr  (rendered  in  our  version  of  the  New 
Testament,  'Town  Clerk),'  appeased  the  clamour  against  St.  Paul,  when  he 
preached  to  the  Ephesians.  But  there  were  no  doubt  inferior  ofiicers  styled 
Scribes,  and  such  were  those  who  were  in  the  pay  of  the  Roman  magistrates 
in  the  time  of  the  republic.  Festus  says,  "  Scribse  nunc  dicuntur  Librarii  qui 
rationes  publicas  scribunt  in  tabulis."  The  employment  was  not  considered 
honourable  ;  and  Titus  Livius  says,  that  one  Flavins,  the  son  of  a  freedman, 
being  the  scribe  of  an  Edile,  obtained  the  Edileship,  but  was  forbidden  to 
exercise  the  office  until  be  had  renounced  his  profession, — "  jurasse  se  scriptum 
non  facturum."  The  employment  at  length  was  considered  reputable,  and 
Cicero  applies  to  it  the  epithet '  honestas.'  With  the  Greeks,  however,  the 
office  of  Scribe  was  one  of  considerable  distinction,  conferred  only  on  men  of 
acknowledged  probity.     At  Athens  there  were  three  scribes,  each  taking  a 


•  Tome  iv.  p.  259.  r  Anoales,  iv.  c.  13.  <>  Chapter  viii.  v.  17, 

'  Chap.  xix.  V.  35. 


374  ^         Imperial  Greek   Coins.  QAprii, 

different  deparlmetii  in  the  registration  or  promulgatioD  of  the  laws  of  tha 
Senate.    The  importance  of  this  office  may  be  inferred  from  a  coin  of  Au^at 
struck  at  Nysa,  a  city  of  Caiia,  upon  which  Tiberitu,  at  that  time  Caesar^ 
is  styled  Scril)c.'     Varllant  says,  that  if  the  Archon  or   Pnetor  of  the 
died  during  the  time  nf  their  magistracy,  the  name  of  the  scribe  was  pla 
on  the  coins  for  the  year,  as  on  the  one  above  described  ;  but  Eckhel  »bows  tiuit| 
this  was  not  the  case,  and  that  the  Scribes  were  ordinary  annual  magistrates.' 

XVIII.     SEVERUS  ALEXANDER. 
CIBYBA   IN    PHBTOIA. 

Obwrtf,  AY  .  K  .  M  .  AY  .  AAESANAPOC.  Avroxpantp  Kmaap  Mc 
Avprfkiot  AXf^avbpos.  The  Emperor  Ccesar  Marcui  Aurflitu  Alexemdtr.  J 
reated  bead  of  Alexander  to  the  right 

lin-me.  KIBYPATQN.  (Money)  of  the  people  of  Cibyra.  The  mystic  ham- 
per of  Bacchus,     Sire  4.     (Plale'2,  No.   5.)  {Ih  the  BritUh  MHarum.] 

The   !*hrygian9  were  particularly  devoted  to  the  worship  of  Bacchus, 
whose  rites  the  cuttu  or  hamper  on  the  reverse  of  this  coin  alludes.     It  would ; 
appear  bv  this  type  that  festivals  were  held  io  honour  of  that  drity  at  Cibynil 
in  the  reigns  of  Severus  Aleiander,  and  Gordianus.  (See  No.  XIX.)   The  class,' 
of  coins  termed  cittophori,"  were  doubtless  struck  upon  the  same  occasions. 
Many  other  cities  of  Asia  celebrated  festivals  in  honour  of  Bacchus  ;   and  the ' 
Ciafua  was  considered  as  emblematical  of  that  portion  of  the  Roman  dominions, 
88  may  be  inferred  from  a  quinarius  of  Augustus,  upon  which  Victory  is  re- 
presented standing  on  a  cistus,  flanked  by  two  serpents;  legend^  ASIA  RE. 
CEPTA. 

}tlX.    GORDIANUS  THE  THIRD. 

CIBYRA    IK    PBRYGIA. 

Ohverte.  A  .  K  .  M  .  AN  .  rOPii^lANOC.  AtrroHpartop  Kaurnp  Mapitot  A*- 
rtoytvos  Toptiavor.  The  Emperor  Casar  Marcus  Antoninus  Gordianta.  LaU' 
reated  bust  of  Gordianus.  with  paludanienturo,  lo  the  right. 

Iiei}fr»e.  KIBYP-VrON.  (Money)  of  the  people  of  Cibyra,  The  mystic 
hamper  of  Bacchus.     Size  5.  [/n  the  Hritiah  3/iuevm.] 

The  reverse  of  this  coin  is  exactly  similar  to  that  of  No.  XVlil. 

XX.    COMMODUS. 

OBBXAXtClA    C^SSABKA    IN   COMMAGKIVS.* 

Ofriwm.     AY  .  KAI  ,  L KOMOAON .  CE.     AvroKparopa   Kaurapa 

AnVKtof  Kofioiov  Sf^aoToi'.     (Tht  people  of  Gcrmanicia  Coesarra  honour)  the 

Emperor  Casar  Lucitu CommoduM  AuffuttM,  Laureated  head  of  Com> 

modus  to  the  right. 

Reverte.  KAlS  .  PEP .  KOM  .  B.  ^aurapetat  Ttppaimct)^  KofifutyrjvTft  (year) 
ivo.  In  four  lines,  within  a  laurel  crown.  (Money)  of  GermaMina  Ctewrea 
in  f'ommaifene.   Year  3.     Size  6,  [In  the  Britith  AfMWWN.J 

The  obverse  legend  is  here  iu  the  accusative  case,  as  in  No.  VII.  I  have 
followed  the  best  authorities  in  rendering  it  into  English. 

" Les  Mi^aillea,"  says  Tristan,  "nous  apprenons  touaiours  quelqoe  chose 
noD  remarqu^  par  les  anciens  aulbcurs."  Stephanus,  Tbcodorct,  and  Ptolemjr 
speak  of  LVsarca  and  Germanicia  as  distinct  cities,  without  supposing  that 

•  Proiflich  ••  Qoatuor  Tentamina."  p,  155. 
«  Doct.  Num.  Vet.  torn,  iv,  p.  197. 

•  K»rr«fofof  Ttl  n.>mp>f<n,,  qui,  vel  qutt,  eittam  gerit.  See  Eckhel  "  De  nntnls 
Cistophoria."  These  bukcts  were  used  in  the  McrtAce*  to  Dacchiu,  to  coooeal  tbs 
mysteries  from  the  people.     Catullus  d!u<le«  tu  them  in  his  Inni^est  porm. 

•  There  is  ■  coin  of  this  city  in  the  Britinh  Musrnm,  with  the  hcAd  of  Marrus 
Aurelius  ;  reverse,  a  female  aealed  with  a  Apntre  •wimminK  •>  her  feci,  ly|iical  of  Um 
river  Euphrates  ;  but  the  Icgenda  are  not  perfect ;  I  hate  Lhereforv  omitted  it  ber«. 


m 


1835.]  Glide  of  Strtafori-upm-Avon.  375 

Germanicia  was  the  distinguishing  name.  The  former  calls  Grermanida  iroXw 
tv<l>panjvtas,  which  is  doubtless  this  city  of  Commagene.  That  it  was  situated 
in  CommageDe,  is  proved  by  the  coin  above  described,  struck  in  the  second 
year  of  the  reign  of  Commodus ;  namely,  A.D.  180,  unless  we  reckon  from  tihc 
time  that  he  was  created  AngnUut,  A.O.  177* 

XXI.    MACRINUS. 

OSBMANICIA  CJMABBA  IN  COHMAexifB. 

Oboene.  AYT  .  K .  M  .  onEA .  CEOTH  .  MAKPEINOC  .  AYT .  kuroKparup 
THataap  MapKog  OneXws  itovtjpos  Moxpcuwr  Avyowrros.  7%e  Emperor  Ctuar 
MarcuM  OprUut  Sevenu  Maermiu  Augurha.  Laureated  bust  of  the  Emperor 
right,  with  coat  of  mail  and  paludamentum. 

Reverse.  KAICAPEIAC  .  rEPMANIKHC,  (Money)  of  Germanicia  C«- 
mrea.  Jupiter,  with  the  pallium,  standing  to  the  left,  his  right  hand  holding 
the  hasta  erect.     Size  8.     (Plate  2,  No.  3.)  [In  the  British  Mutewm.^ 

Mionnet  gives  a  coin  of  this  Emperor  of  the  same  size,  and  with  the  same 
legend,  but  it  has  the  figure  of  Serapis. 

XXII.    PHILIPPUS. 

SBRVANICIA  C^BSARBA   IN   COM3IAOENB. 

Oftrerae.  M  .  lOYAlOC  .  «IAimiOC  .  AY.  Mapieos  lovXtor  «fXnnrof  Av- 
yovorof.  7%e  Emperor  Mareua  JutiMS  PhiUppia  Augu»im$.  Bast  of  Philif^a 
to  the  right,  with  radiated  crown. 

Reverse.  KAlEAPEIAE  .  TEPMANIKHE.  (Money)  qf  Germameia  Cm- 
sarea.  A  figure  in  a  military  habit,  standing  fulUfaced ;  in  his  right  hand  m 
branch  ;  on  his  left  arm  acomucopic    M.  size  6}.   [/n  the  Writer's  cabinet.^ 

A  coin  of  a  similar  type,  but  with  the  legend  M  .  lOYA  .  ♦lAlnnoC  . 
AYT.  is  described  by  Eckhel  in  his  catalogue  of  the  Vienna  collection.  The 
legends  on  both  sides  of  this  specimen  are  perfect ;  but  the  portrait,  as  well  as 
the  figure  on  the  reverse,  have  suffered  from  detrition,  and  on  this  account  it 
has  not  been  considered  worthy  of  an  engraving.  The  profile  of  the  Emperor 
is  good,  and  agrees  with  that  on  his  Latin  coins ;  the  figure  on  the  reverse  is 
probably  his  full-length  portrait,  the  branch  and  cornucopic  being,  no  doubt;, 
complimentary  attributes. 


GILDE  OF  HOLY  CROSS,  STRATFORD-ON-AVON. 

Extracts  translated  from  the  Ledger  qf  Elmeley  that  he  shall  have  the  next  saeer- 

the  Gilde  qf  Holy  Cross,  ^e.  illustra-  dotal  service  that  shall  happen  ;  or  if  he 

live  of  the  Beelesiastieal  History  qf  the  prefer  it,  another  presbyter,  and  that  he 

Gilde,  and  qf  that  qf  the  neighbouring  ohall  pay  to  the  Master  of  the  Gilde  SO*. 

country.     (Seepp.  163-167.^  more. 

/*    •  \          !>!»£  ou         TTT     rru  (fo.ix.)  *•»•  1414,  2  Henry  V.  William 

(fo  I.)  A.D.  1406,  8  Henry  IV.    Tho-  ^^^^^  chapUin  of  the  pl^h  of  SteS 

mas  Schepard,  Chaplain^  «  received  into  ^^    j,  ,^j^^^  .^^  ^^  fratemitv  of 

the    fraternity  of  the  Glide,  and  makM  jj,.  q^^     .^^  ^^^  ^  g^^  of  20..  to  be 

•  fine  for  contmmng  Chaplin  of  Ae  said  ^^  „^  thefeaatof  the  nativity  of  St  John 

GUde  dnnng  the  whole  of  his  hfe,  of  ^^^^^  ^^^^  following  aftt^  the  above 

«<.  13*.  4rf.  j^jg^  fpy  yihich  Robert  TVout,  Chaplain, 

Robert  Trowte,  received  at  the  same  is  Becority ;  and  it  is  granted  by  the  said 

time  to  be  Chaplain  for  life,  on  the  same  Robert  Tront,  on  the  part  of  the  Master 

terms.  and  Aldermen  of  the  said  Gilde,  and  by 

(fo.v.)  A.D.  1411,  13  Henry  IV.    John  them    conceded    to  the    said    William 

Elmeley,  Chaplain,  is  received  into  the  Boveton,   that  he  shall  have  the  next 

fraternity  of  the  Gilde,  and  makes  a  fine  gacerdotal  service  after  John   Elmeley 

of  20*.  of  which  he  pays  on  his  ingress  shall  have  been  served,  according  to  the 

6*.  8d.  and  was  to  pay  at  the  next  com-  agreement  with  him,  provided  that  Bove- 

manion  in  next  following  year  6*.  8d.,  ton  will  give  as  mach  as  any  other  person, 

and  at  the  commnnion   next  following  or,  in  the  event  of  his  not  consenting 

6«.  8<f. ;  and  the  Master  and  Aldermen,  the  Master  and  Aldermen  grant  him  the 

by  Robert  Tront  and  Thomas  Plenteth,  alternative  of  relieving  him  from    his 

Chaplains,    concede    to .  the   said   John  fine. 


Glide  of  Stratford-upon-Avon, 


[April, 


(fo.  xiii.)  A.n.  1417,  5  Henry  V.  John 
Wheler,  Chaplaia,  is  atlmittcd  and  makes 
a  fine  of  iO  marks:  of  whi«^U  U>  marks 
are  paid  and  put  into  tlie  Treasury 
Cbest ;  6  are  to  be  paid  on  the  feast  of 
the  inTention  of  holy  cross  next  ensuing ; 
and  4  are  spent  on  the  chimney  in  Whe- 
ler'a  chamt^. 
(fo.  xxvi.)  A.D.  I4i6  5  Henry  \n.  John 
Palmer,  Chaplain,  gave  the  Glide  for  the 
aoiUa  of  his  friends  and  benefactors  lU/. 
(fo.  xxvii.)  A.D.  142(;,  3  Henry  VI. 
Nicholas  Lceke,  Chaplain,  is  received 
into  the  fraternity  of  the  Gilde,  and 
admitted  to  remain  one  of  the  priests, 
paying  for  himself  and  progenitors  14/. 
Securiries,  Hugh  Salford,  Richard  Holle, 
and  Julian  Lecke.  And  the  said  Julian 
gives  after  her  decease  her  greatest  brass 
pot  and  greatest  paten. 

(fo.  x\.)  A.P.  143;*,  l2Henry  VI.  Nicho- 
las Leeke,  Chaplain,  to  be  Chaplain  to 
the  GUde  during  his  life;  gives  on  coming 
in  7  marks  and  a  cap  of  silver,  price  3/. 
and  also  n.  honse,  with  appurtenances,  in 
Old  Stratford,  in  which  Richard  Carelc&s 
lives,  to  have  and  to  hold  to  the  Gilde 
alter  the  death  of  Agnes  Huyron,  dangh- 
ter  of  John  Huyron,  of  Preston  upon 
Stowre. 

(fo.  xlviii.)  A.D.  1439,  18  Henry  VI. 
Henry  Payne,  Chaplain,  is  admitted  into 
the  fraternity  of  the  Glide,  and  makes  a 
fine  of  13*.  4d.  andiOrf.  to  the  light,  and 
to  have  (he  next  SQCcession  to  a  Chap, 
lainship- 
(fo.  bcdii)  A.B.  UJiS.aa  Henrj  VL  John 
Bosbury,  alias  Forley,  is  admitted  Chap- 
lain of  tlic  Gilde,  and  makes  a  tino  of 
4/.  lit.  Ad. 

(fo.  lirv.)  A.n.  1455, 34  Henry  VL  John 
Buggy,  Chaplain  of  Botley,  is  admitted 
and  makes  a  fine  of  H/.  and  to  call  him- 
aelf  a  Chaplain  of  the  said  Gilde. 

(fo.  Ixixi.)  A.D.  1459,  38  Henry  VI. 
Robert  Alsycher,  of  Honyburne,  Chap- 
lain, is  admitted  and  makes  a  fine  of 
1S».  Ad.,  and  for  being  Chaplain  to  the 
Gilde  KA 

The  fine  of  Master  William  Cooke,  of 
Ciasetur,  for  being  one  of  the  (^hapbiina 
of  the  Gilde,  and  fur  the  souls  of  his 
lather  and  mother,  is  6/.  IS*.  4</. 

(fo.  bxxiii.)  A. P.  14G<i,  5  Edward  IV, 
John  Pyfe  is  admitted  Chaplain  to  the 
Gilde  on  payment  of  10  marks. 

(fo.  cixii.)  A.D.  \\m,i  Henry  VII.  Sir 
Thomas  Marryman  admitted  Chaplain 
to  the  Gilde.  fine  7/. 

(fo.  cxxix.)  A.D.  14W,  7  Henry  VII. 
Sir  Henry  Barns  admitted  Choplain  of 
the  Oiida  and  Muter  of  the  Gilde,  fine 
6*.  (lit. 

The  following  further  tneroorwjda  of 
eoUies  in  the  ledger  of  thia  wicieot 


fraternity,  illoBtrate  the  policy  of 
Gilde  in  cotnmutiug  pecuniary  finei" 
for  other  valuable  considerations,  or 
establish  other  historical  facts  of  gene- 
ral iitterest. 

(fo.  i.)  A.D.  HOG.  John  Mortemere  and 
his  wife,  of  Milcote,  admitted, 
(fu.  iii.)  A.D.  1408.  Rirhard  Cowper, 
Rector  of  the  Church  at  Little  Wilmeotr, 
admitted.  [The  advowson  of  that  church 
was  given  to  the  Gilde  by  Heury  Lisle, 
esq.  temp.  Edw.  IV.  Dugdale's  V.U-. 
wickshire.] 

Simon  Gove,  Carpenter,  admitted  on 
Ids  undertakinK  to  build  a  porch  at  the 
door  of  the  Gilde  ;  and  one  couplt  at  the 
west  end  of  the  Kitchen. 

(fo.  iiii.)  A.D.  1409  John  Iremonger 
admitteil  on  covenenting  tn  build  a  house 
on  the  Gilde  ground  at  the  end  of  Hen- 
ley-street, and  the  Gilde  remit  his  fine  of 
one  coplt  at  his  election,  and  the  fines  of 
Richard  his  servant  and  Joue  bis  wife. 

(fo.  vi.)  A.D,  1412.  Henry  Broomaa 
admitted  on  agreeing  to  a  fine  of  20». ; 
of  which  6*.  erf,  is  forgiven  him  on  con- 
dition that  he  sliall  take  charge  of  all  the 
goods  and  chattels  of  the  Gilde  which 
are  in  the  church  ;  to  wit,  of  the  altars 
of  the  Holy  Cross,  the  blessed  Mary,  and 
St.  John  Baptist,  during  his  life,  or  as 
long  as  he  shall  be  capable  of  working  ; 
and  all  the  aforesaid  goods  and  chatteU 
to  be  raad<»  ovt-r  to  the  aforesaid  Henry 
bv  indenture  between  him  and  the  Master 
and  Aldermen,  Richard  Fretter  being 
security. 

(fo.  ii.)  A.D.  1814.  Rirhard  Gylberd, 
jun.  of  Lodyngton,  and  for  any  woman 
he  may  introduce  as  his  wife,  makes  a 
fine  of  SOJ. 

(fo,  X,)  John  Oryrton,  Cook,  of  War- 
wyck,  and  his  wife,  are  received  into  the 
fraternity  of  the  Gilde  ;  and  for  his  fine 
he  is  to  be  the  Glide's  Cook  at  their  an- 
nual  communion  during  his  life.  Nothing 
to  be  taken  of  the  said  Gilde  but  lus 
annual  hood  and  expeoc«s  when  he  cornea 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  said  Gilde. 
(fo.  X.)  A.D.  1415.  Tbomaa  Barboor 
and  Katberine  his  wife,  are  reeeived  into 
the  fraternity  of  the  GUde,  and  make  a 
fine  of  20t.  to  be  paid  within  one  year 
next  after  the  above  date.  But  if  the 
said  Thomas  shall  entirely  new  make  the 
UghU  before  the  altar  of  the  cross  and 
image  of  the  blessed  Mary  in  the  chapel 
of  the  blessed  Mary  in  the  church  of 
.Stratford  witiiin  the  year,  he  is  to  hate 
remission,  otherwise  be  is  to  give  satia- 
faction. 

lie  oew-iD&de  the  ligbt,  and  afler- 
wards  every  peraon  admitted  to  the 


I 


1835.3 


Giltk  of  Stratford  upon- Avon, 


377 


fraternity  made  a  separate  payment 
towards  the  maintenance  of  that  light, 
nnless  in  cases  where  it  was  remitted. 

John  Kyrton,  mason,  of  Wynche- 
eombe,  and  Johanna  his  wife,  are  received 
into  the  firatemity  of  the  Gilde  and  make 
a  fine  of  40f.  to  be  paid  within  the  year 
next  ensning ;    but  this  fine,  and  the 

Gnce  for  the  light,  ia  remitted  by  the 
aster  and  Aldermen  in  reward  for  his 
work  in  the  chapel  of  the  blessed  Mary 
in  the  Church  of  Stratford. 
(fo.  zii)  A.D.  1416.  Also  pray  for  the 
■01^  of  Henry  Aleyn,  John  Aleyn, 
Dionis  Aleyn,  Sir  Robert  Setemay.  John 
Porter  gave  a  great  pot  for  frumetty,  a 
broad  dish  of  mascolyn,  one  basin,  one 
hoardcloth,  and  one  towale  for  a  fine. 

John  Prjrnce,  Cook ,  of  Warwyck ,  master 
Cook  in  the  mansion  of  the  Lord  Richard 
Count  of  Warwyck,  and  Johanna  his  wife, 
are  received  into  the  fraternity  of  the 
Glide,  and  for  his  fine  nothing  is  given 
on  condition  that  he  shall  be  always 
aasidnous  at  the  annoal  Communions  of 
the  Gilde,  to  give  council  and  assistance, 
if  so  previously  required,  annually  during 
his  life*  And  when  he  shall  come  and 
labour  at  the  Communion  he  shall  have 
his  hood  for  his  labour,  and  if  he  does 
not  work  to  have  no  hood. 

(fo.  xiii.)  A.D.  1417.  John  Gibbus,  of 
Willicote,  and  Margery  his  wife,  and 
the  soul  of  John  Hale  admitted  in  the 
Gilde,  and  made  a  fine  of  43«.  4<f. ;  and  in 
consideration  of  one  little  brass  mortar 
and  pestell,  and  the  prompt  payment  of 
the  43«.  4d.  the  fine  for  the  light  is  re- 
mitted. 

TTie  Master  and  Aldermen  or- 
dained that  the  common  feast  of  the 
Gilde  should  be  held  annually  on  the 
Sunday  next  after  the  feast  of  St. 
Peter  and  St.  Paul  the  Apostles.  The 
Master  and  Procurators  were  to  ren- 
der their  accounts  to  the  Gilde  annu- 
ally on  the  Monday  next  after  the 
feast  of  the  Nativity  of  St.  John  Bap- 
tist, under  a  penalty  of  409.  for  the 
Master,  and  lOs.  for  each  of  the  Pro- 
curators ;  also  to  meet  for  debate  in 
the  Gilde  Hall  four  times  a-ycar,  and 
four  times  a-vear  to  inspect  the  es- 
tates of  the  Gilde,  both  in  Stratford 
and  elsewhere. 

John  Leeke,  for  his  fine,  gives  to  the 
Gilde  half  a  burgage,  formerly  belonging 
to  Geraud,  and  by  a  close  and  garden  of 
his,  and  building  thereon  a  house,  like 
the  houses  of  the  poor  (almshouses),  for 
which  R.  Aleyn  and  Agnes  his  wife, 
parents  of    Leeke,  and   Roger    Spencer 

Glnt.Mag.  Vol.  in. 


and  Agnes  his  wife,  parents  of  Julian 
Leeke' s  wife,  are  also  received  ;  with  the 
same  suffrages  as  other  brethren  have  or 
are  accustomed  to  have. 

(fo.  xiiii.)  A.D.  1419.  John  Smyth, 
aUas  Colyere,  first  made  a  clocke  in  the 
Drapers'  Chamber  (then  so  called),  having 
the  hand  towards  the  streete  and  figures 
all  gilded. 

Johanna  Jakemon  makes  a  fine  of  10*. 
of  which  she  pays  6«.  Sd.  at  coming  in, 
and  the  remainder  to  go  in  relief  of  the 
new  building. 

(fo.  XV.)  John  Cowper,  of  Tewe,  and 
Constantia  his  wife,  are  received  into 
the  Gilde,  and  make  a  fine  to  the  Master 
and  Aldermen  in  the  following  form  : — 
that  the  said  John  shall  perform  and  do 
all  the  Covenants  for  the  rebuilding  of 
the  tenements,  formerly  John  Brasyer's, 
within  two  years  next  ensuing  from  this 
time,  or  pay  his  fine  of  40*.  and  SOd.  to 
the  light. 

John  Kymot  and  Isabel  his  wife,  are 
admitted  on  his  releasing  to  the  Gilde  his 
right  of  succession  to  a  place,  formerly 
R.  Kymot's,  in  Church-street,  and  for 
giving  a  silver  spoon  which' weighed  20 
pence  sterling. 

(fo.  xvii.)  A.D.  1431.  William  Botulfe 
and  Alice  his  wife  admitted  on  giving 
one  vestment,  and  the  making  of  another 
vestment,  and  the  front  of  an  altar  ;  all 
made  and  given  for  ever  to  the  Gilde  ;  and 
so  he  is  received. 

For  the  souls  of  Robert  and  wife,  and 
Thomas  Chastelyn  and  Johanna  his  wife, 
30*.  was  given,  with  1  silver  chalice,  or 
Gelon,  and  1  cote  armour,  freely  to  the 
use  of  the  Gilde. 

(fo.  XX.)  A.D.  1423.  Isold  Saloway  and 
the  soul  of  John,  her  late  husband,  ad- 
mitted on  her  making  a  fine  of  26«.  Sd. 
The  obit  of  John  to  be  on  the  feast  of 
Saint  Egvin  the  Confessor.  Margery,' 
the  daughter  of  John  and  Isold,  is  also 
admitted  into  the  sisterhood  of  the  Gilde 
on  her  making  a  fine  of  6t.  8d. 

(fo.  xxL)  A.D.  1424.  John  Campyon  is 
received  into  the  fraternity  of  the  Gilde 
by  the  Master  and  Aldermen  and  the 
whole  of  the  Council  on  this  condition, 
that  he  shall  appear  for  them  in  all  nego- 
ciations  of  the  Gilde,  and  in  certain 
causes  of  the  confraternity  of  the  said 
Gilde. 

John  Botiller,  sub-rector  of  the  Col- 
legiate Church  of  Stratford,  admitted ;  by 
which  it  is  evident  that  there  was  then 
a  College  at  Stratford.  His  fine  is  13*.  4d. 
and  \0d.  for  the  light. 

(fo.   xxiii.)   A.  D.   1426.    Thomas    and 

Alice  Elmys,  of  Berston,  admitted  ;  and, 

they  being  weak  and  infirm,  it  is  agreed 

that  they  occupy  one  of  the  Almshouses 

3  C 


878 


Glide  of  Stratford-ypon-AvoH, 


[April. 


u  long  as  llipy  live,  and  Ihnt  nil  their 
goods  remain  to  tlie  Gilde  after  their 
dectftse. 

William  and  Margaret  Storige  admiUf d 
on  paying  a  fine  of  4  caruc'  of  plastcr-of- 
paris,  and  the  cnrriflgc  thereof;  and  he 
to  work  6  days  at  his  own  expeusc  wUcu 
reqnired  hy  the  Mi-ster. 

(fo.  xjiv.)  John  Balsale  and  Felice  bis 
wife  admitted,  making  a  fine  of  one  pair 
of  vestments  of  Alesunder  cloth,  and  iVnL 
to  the  light. 

For  the  soul  of  Elizabeth  Lady  of 
Hanam,  a  fine  of  one  pnir  of  wstinentu, 
whifh  remain  in  the  hands  of  Sir  Tliomos 
Tommy*,  Rector  of  Whirheford. 

Henry  and  Elizahcth  Aidebury,  of 
Bynton,  and  the  souls  of  their  parents, 
and  the  somU  of  Simon  and  Isabclle,  and 
the  soal  of  Christian  his  wife ; — fine  iO 
rams ;  priee  of  the  whole  30«. 

John  and  Margaret  Usk,  of  Warwick, 
admitted  on  agreeing  to  deliver  ft  couple 
of  rabbits,  annually,  at  the  Communion 
of  the  Gilde ;  the  tirst  year  to  have  his 
hood,  afterwards  to  pay  for  it. 

Richard  Dudley,  tenant  of  Henry 
Aldebnry,  of  Bynton,  adniittet) ;  and  the 
souls  of  Walter  Dudley,  and  the  an- 
cestors  and  parents  of  the  sMitue  j  on 
giving,  as  a  fine,  two  ewes  with  himh, 
price  \A* ,  \'.it.  Ad.  more,  and  1».  6d. 
to  the  light, 
(fo.  xsT.)  Philip  and  Jobaniui  Scbaqw. 
of  Heuley,  admitted  ;  and  to  give,  as  a 
fine,  one  boar  annually,  during  their 
lives,  and  to  reeeive  hoods  of  the  Uilde. 

John  and  Alice  Koat,  parker  of  Piil> 
broke,  admitted,  and  to  give  as  a  fine  1 
beast,  annually,  at  the  Communion  of 
the  Gilde  during  their  Uves,  and  for 
AJice  6t.  Hd. 

(fo.  ixri.)  A.r.  1427.  William  Bulkycr, 
_  hosier,  admitted  ;  giving,  ai  a  line,  10«. 
'  and  1  tilvcr  spoon. 

Rifhord  and  Alice  Pliillips,  batcher,  of 
Stratford,  admitted ;  and  give  for  tbrm- 
iu:lves  and  the  souls  of  their  |)«rent«, 
3.1*.  Ad.  nnd  51h.  of  wax  for  the  light. 

(fo.  xxvii )  William  Goddys,  weaver, 
of  Snli^hury,  and  Alicv  his  wife,  admitted  ; 
and,  for  a  fine,  agreed  to  be  the  pro- 
vident of  cloth  for  outer  coreriaga 
(hoods)  ;  and  William  made  a  banner, 
pictured  with  an  image  or  images,  and  so 
lie  is  free  .it  the  next  Communion. 

John  Kavon,  carpenter,  and  Alice  his 
wifo.  admitted  ;  and,  for  a  line,  to  make 
two  1i(ru»eit  by  the  kiteheu,  in  thetjarden. 
the  whole  length  of  Ihe  psth,  by  the 
next  fra.'it  of  the  I'anxion.  and  to  have,  in 

kfurt.her  rrmnnrnition,  '2  hoo«U. 
1  •  1  Johanna  Putte.  of   Ip- 

r«r.  ,1  ■   line   ^U  ,  and  ^(><f.  to 

the  li^,..,  -....one  ttaouaandof  laiha. 
(fo.  azviii.)     John  llardynge,  uf  Men- 


I 


Ion  Sicca,  nnd  tlto  soois  of  Kobert  mA 
J  one  hilt  parents,  admitted ;  6ae  13jl  4d, 
and  S  quarters  of  corn. 

The  tHiuU  of  John  and  Aubry  Coi , 
parents  of  Tliomus  Ireioonger,  aod 
soul  of  Ki  chard  Frauncr^.  of  Fimtes 
Ungot,  admitted  i  tine  14*.  atid  Sib.  of 
wax. 
(fo.  xxix)  x.D.  1-IS9.  Thomas  and 
EuzabeUi  Astwode,  of  Astwode  MuBerd« 
for  ihrmsclvcB  and  jNurnts,  4Uf.  and  tflb. 
of  wax. 

(fo  XXX.)  John  and  Matilda  Robyns, 
of  Lamcote ;  tine  1 3t.  Ad.  and  A  baaltells 
of  com. 

John  and  Margaret  Raillcy,  alios  Stokys, 
of  Wnrwyck  ;  fine  4000  tiles. 

Robert  Goderd,  ali«.t  Mason,  and 
Margvct,  his  wife  ;  tine  6i.  Yd.  and  one 
tn>ugh  of  stone 

(fo.  xs.vi.)  John  Era.'»yer,  son  of  WU- 
liam  Uiiiyjiyer  and  Alice  bis  wife,  of 
Stratford;  tine  lib.  of  Saffron,  lib.  pep- 
per, and  .Jn.  Ad.  in  money. 

Margaret  Lane,  of  Bisw^hopiston,  and 
the  soul  of  William  Lane ;  tine  6*.  9d. 
and  lib.  of  corn,  and  \W>-  of  wax. 

(fo.  ULxiii )  A.D.  14'^.  \^llUain  and 
Cecilia  Suioti,  of  W  hatcote,  and  tJifl 
souls  of  Ralph  and  Felicia  Staton ;  fiu 
'2<)«.  and  \  quarter  of  com,  nnd  after 
his  decease  d*.  ^d  more. 

William  Rogger,  alias  Hopper,  and 
Agnes  his  wife ;  fine  'iM».  Hrf.  and  to 
bring  a  liandkerchief,  yearly,  at  the  Com* 
muniou,  until  tlie  "Hi*.  HJ.  is  paid. 

(fo.  xxxiv.)  Eminencia  Cliebuere,  of 
Petworth,  and  the  soul  of  Ruse  hci 
parent ;  fine  1  lead  containing  7  buibeb 
iroy  weight,  1  brass  pot,  price  t.1«,  4rf.  and 
I  basin  with  waiihing  place  or  lavaiorj. 

William  Tommis,  of  Petworth,  ■• 
unmarried  man;  fioe  ^Ot.  lUd  nnd  far 
his  wife,  if  he  ukes  one,  t>t.  \i\d.  mare. 
(fo.  XXXV.)  A.D.  I4,3U.  Henry  and  Mofw 
garet  LytteUon.  of  Handy ;  fine  80 
(juarters  of  lime. 

Lady  Johanna  Clopton ;  fine  one  ca- 
nopy. 

Kolfert  an<l Jobaniu Plige.  efWoMifill 
fine  \^H.  Ad.  and  4  Uufaelt  of  eani«  aild 
4  bushels  of  malL 

(fo.  xxxviij  )  A.D.  14.11.  Hngh  CImm, 
faster  of  th«  school  of  Stratford  ;  6m 
\0». 

(fo.  xl.)  KV  1431,  Tlioraas  At-Wodv  de 
la  Wfclie,  and  the  ^ml  of  lus  motkcr; 

f-     •'  -   -  "■ *"  -.alt. 

'I'boma*   Tre^et, 
..rr,  and  Isold,  Ilia 
witr.  adanittrd  ;'  line  SO*,  «sd  30rf.  to  iIm 
light. 

WillUtn  and  Alirtr  Piirdon,  of  Clyffnrd, 
\\t.    Ad.    and    \url.  to  the    light,   and  4 
bastielsuf  com. 
^fo.  xUy.)  ikjf.  1437.     John  and   Idar- 


I 

I 


1S35.3 


Gildt  of  Stratfbrd'Upon-Avon, 


379 


{■ret  Hadde,  of  Wyklysford,  and  the 
goal  of  John  Smyth,  of  the  same ;  fine 
I  pair  of  Testments  and  one  chalice  in 
the  chiqiel,  in  the  hands  of  John  Palmer, 
Chaplain. 

(fo.  zIt.)  a.d.  1438.  Thomas  and  Alice 
Tnmaaaa  of  Tedington  ;  fine  10*.  and  a 
woollen  cloth. 

<fo.  xlvi.)  A.D.  1439.  Margaret  Bartil- 
lot,  of  Wilneford,  and  the  soul  of  Richard 
Bartillot,  her  husband  ;  fine  4«.  and  foar 
iilrer  spoons,  given  to  Mr   John  Webbe. 

(fo.  zlviii.)  A.D.  1440.  Richard  and 
Alice  Westynton,  of  Stratford ;  fine6«.  8d. 
and  20d.  to  the  light,  and  an  alabaster 
image* 

John  and  Mai^aret  Colyer  of  the  Fo- 
rest of  Fakjnham ;  fine  6».  Hd.  and  1 
beast  at  the  next  Communion,  and  one 
erery  year  after  for  four  years. 

(fo.  xHx.)  John  Wydbury,  Rector  of 
tike  Church  of  Stretton ;  fine  6  quarters 
of  barley,  price  16*. 

(fo.  L)  A.D.  1441.  Thomas  Leeke, 
Ifastar  of  the  Gilde,  ordered  to  rebuild 
the  Glide's  house,  in  High-street,  within 
one  year,  to  which  he  consented. 

(fo.li.)  John  and  Margery  Bultys  of 
Tatebarowe ;  fine  one  pair  of  vestments 
tor  Uie  use  of  the  Chapel 

Bichord  and  Katharine  Dowle  of  Ip- 
penley ;  fine  2000  laths,  price  10«. 

Jfo.  Ivil.)  A.D.  1443.  William  Pyers,  son 
Robert  Pyers,  of  Thombury,  and 
Emmot,  and  the  souls  of  Robert  and 
Johanna  Pyers ;  fine  a  hogshead  of  red 
wine. 

(fo.  lix.)  John  Rawlin,  ercmit  of  the 
Chapel  of  the  Blessed  Mary  Magdalen, 
at  the  end  of  Stratford  bridge. 

This  entry  proves  that  there  was  a 
bridge,  and  a  chapel  at  the  end  of  it, 
48  years  before  the  present  bridge  was 
erected. 

Symon  and  Agnes  Hykks  of  Aston ; 
fine  one  hogshead  of  white  wine, 
(fo.  bcv.)  A.D.  1446.     Johanna  Clopton, 
formerly  servant  of  John   Hannys  ;  fine 
3«.  4rf.  and  one  brass  pot  price  3«  4d. 

Christiana  Coton,  otherwise  called 
Christiana  the  Hermit,  of  Stratford; 
fine  6a.  id.  and  \0d.  to  the  light, 
(fo.  Ixvii.)  A.D.  1448.  William  and  Chris- 
tiana Lyllynge  of  Bristol,  merchant,  and 
the  soul  of  Jone  his  mother;  fine  one 
hogshead  of  red  wine,  and  1  cwt.  rosin, 
price  together  24*. 

George  and  Agnes  Roche  of  Bristol, 
merchant ;  fine  one  hogshead  of  wine, 
price  20«. 
(fo,  Ixix  )  AD.  1449.  John  and  Agnes 
Swyfte,  jun.  of  Grafton;  fine  ten  copul 
of  ewes  and  lambes. 

John  and  Matilda  Baker,  alias  Botiller, 


of  Stratford,  I6«.  and  he  to  hare  a  hood 
given  him  prima  facie. 

(fo.  Ixx)  A.D.  1450.  Richard  Anbrey 
of  Coventry,  glazier,  and  Agnes,  his 
wife,  are  received  into  the  fraternity  of 
the  Gilde,  and  their  fines  remitted  by  the 
Council  of  the  Gilde. 

John  Goode,  of  Coventry,  glazier,  and 
Margaret  his  wife,  are  received  into  the 
fraternity  of  the  Gilde,  and  thor  fines 
remitted  by  the  Council  of  the  Gilde. 

No  reason  is  assigned  for  the  re- 
mission of  the  fines  of  these  glaziers  ; 
but  those  Antiqaaries  who  have  read 
Dugdale's  account  of  the  painted  glass 
formerly  in  the  chapel  window,  will 
be  at  no  loss  to  surmise  a  reason  for 
the  introduction  of  such  useful  cha- 
racters into  the  fraternity. 

(fo.  Ixxi.)  A.D.  1451.  John  Aldewyn- 
kel  of  Peterborough,  Mercer;  fine  a 
cloth  of  red  palle. 

(fo.  Ixxiii.)  A.D.  1453.  Robert  Wyncote, 
Scolemayster,  of  Stratford ;  fine  6a.  Bd. 
and  \0d.  for  the  light. 

(fo.  Ixxiv.)  A.D.  1454.  Henry  Newport , 
alias  Brewis,  of  Daventre,  Fishmonger, 
and  Joanna  his  wife  admitted.  He  gave 
as  a  fine  a  lavatre  with  4  cocks,  for  the 
use  of  the  Chaplains  and  others  to  wash  at. 

(fo.  Ixxv.)  A.D.  1455.  The  souls  of 
Richard  and  Alice  Cook  of  Intebarowe, 
to  be  prayed  for  for  the  space  of  30 
years  ;  fine  6«.  %d. 

(fo.  Ixxx.)  A.D.   1458.    John  and  Jo- 
'anna    Stanley,   of    Bristol,    Merchant ; 
fine  six  silver  spoons,  one  gilt. 

John  Hannys,  Master,  gave  and  paid 
to  the  Gilde  for  the  fine  for  the  souls  of 
Richard  and  Agnes  Hannys,  of  Hulcote, 
his  parents,  2  silver  spoons. 

(fo.  Ixxxiii.)  A.D.  1463.  William  Wil- 
lys  of  Bloxham,  Chaplain,  admitted;  and 
for  his  fine  gives  4/.  and  a  missal, 
price  5^ 

(fo.  Ixxxiv.)  A.D.  1464.  Thomas  and 
Agnes  Grene,  of  Stratford,  broker  ;  fine 
I3«.  Ad.  and  20(f.  for  the  light ;  of  which 
the  said  Thomas  to  have  the  said  strai  in 
regard  to  the  reparation  of  his  house  in 
which  he  lives,  called  Paynes  Place. 

(fo.  xeiL)  A.D.  1^70.  Thomas  Tlirog- 
morton,  gent.  Seneschal  of  Stratford,  and 
Margaret  his  wife  admitted  ;  fine  15«. 

Robert  Wonley  of  Coventre,  Merchant 
of  the  staple  of  Calais,  and  Matilda  his 
wife ;  fine  ITtt. 

Robert  Tate  and  John  Tate,  his  brother, 
nf  London,  Merchant  of  the  stajtle  of 
Calais ;  fine  20«. 

Hugh  Clopton  of  London,  Merchant ; 
fine  U)«. 

Tliomas  ffabyan  of  London,  Merchant, 
and  Margaret  his  wife,  fine  lot. 


Remarks  on  the  Currency 


{to.  xcviii.)  A.n.  14T2.  John  Whythede, 
hermit  of  the  chapel  of  the  blessed  Mary 
Majgdalene  of  Stiatford ;  tine  (*».  '6d, 

(fo.  xcix.)  A.D.  1473.  Thomas  Gaunter, 
monitor  of  th«  school,  and  Alice  hia 
wife;  fine  I34t.  4(f. 

(fo.  civ.)  A.D.  1474.  The  soul  of  Thomas 
Decon  of  Stamford,  pewtercr ;  fine  7 
pewter  dishes,  and  10  pewter  saucers. 

(fo.  cvii.)  A.D.  1477.  Richard  Fox, 
Grammar  Master  and  Bachelor  of  Arts, 
DOW  of  Stratford  ;  fine  tiir.  Hd'. 

(fo.  cix.)  A.D.  147B.  John  Huea  of 
Stratford,  and  the  soul  of  Elizabeth  his 
wife,  and  their  parents ;  fine,  a  shop  in 
the  middle  rowc,  to  remain  to  the  Gilde 
after  his  death. 

(fo.  «i,)  A.D.  1479.  SirThomas  Lytel- 
ton,  JuAtire  of  tlte  King's  Bench,  adinit- 
ted  ;  fine  6a.  Rrf. 

(fo.  cxiiij.)  AD.  1480.  Thomas  Payne, 
Cooke  ;  tine  6*.  %d.  It  is  concluded  by 
the  Master  and  Aldermen  tliat  Thomas 
Payne  shall  be  the  .Mfutter  Co^ike  at  the 
Commanion  every  year,  as  long  as  be  is 
able  to  work. 

(fo.  cxviij.)  A.D.  1483.  Sir  William 
Smith,  Bachelor  of  Arts  and  grammar 
master  pro  tempore  i  fine  (!«.  Hd. 

(fo.  cxxiiij.)  A.D.  1490.  Sir  Richard 
Whateley,  Master  of  Arts,  and  the  souls 
of  Philip  and  Elizabeth  his  parents,  and 
of  Elizabeth,  June.  Alice,  and  William, 
his  sisters  and  brother ;  fine  1  pair  of 
black  velvet  vestmeotx. 


(fo.  rxxvij.)  A.D,  1491.  The  soul  of 
William  Pynkc,  formerly  hufbaud  to 
Margaret  Pynke,  of  Wallesley  ;  fine  A 
])an  containing  31  gallons. 

(fo.  cxxiiii.)  A.D.  1492.  Margery  More 
<if  Ryon  Clifford,  and  the  soul  of  John 
More,  her  former  husband,  and  Isabett 
their  daughter  ;  fine  a  black  cow. 

^fo.  cxxix.)  Sir  Henry  Barnes,  Chap, 
lain  of  the  Gilde  and  M/ister  of  the 
school ;  fine  6jr.  %d. 

(fo.  cxij.)  A.o.  1497.  John  Bnttelen, 
hermite  of  the  rhapcl  of  the  blessed 
Mary  Magdalen  of  Stratford  ;  fine  6s.  %d, 
and  V)d. 

(fo.  clxxj.)  A.D.  1530.  Sir  Homphrjr 
Guynysoye,  Knight,  one  of  the  King's 
Judges,  is  elected  into  this  fraternity ; 
fine  G».  M. 

In  addition  to  tlie  foregoing  notes 
of  entries  in  the  Stratford  Glide 
Ledger,  many  others  might  be  here 
given,  which  show  the  respectability^ 
magnitude,  and  consequent  import- 
ance and  influence  of  this  verj"  an- 
cient and  once  flourishing  rratemity  ; 
a  fraternity  which,  at  one  pentKl  of 
its  history,  enrolled  among  its  mem- 
bers the  names  of  persons  of  the 
greate»t  distinction  and  celebrity  in 
the  fiurrounding  country  ;  but  a  list  of 
these  would  now  be  of  less  interest  to 
general  readers  than  to  the  local  anti- 
qoary.  Tuomab  Fibubr. 


I 


REMARKS  ON  THE  CURRENCY, 

IN    A    LETTEB   TO  THE  RT.  HON.  SIR  BOBEET    PEBL,    BART. 

THE    ingenuousness    with    which,     offering.     The   basis 
ntroducing  the  Bill 


when  you  were 
for  terminating  the  Restriction  Act. 
you  took  shame  to  yourself  for  having 
supported  that  raea^ure,  makes  me 
think  the  following  attempt  to  excul- 
pate your  former  conduct  will  not  be 
ungratifying  to  you  if  it  should  prove 
successful,  and  that  with  the  same 
opennei^*  to  conviction  you  will  pay 
deliberate  attention  to  a  narrative 
drawn  up  to  justify  four  father's  pre- 
dilections, by  vindicating  his  friend  Mr. 
Pitt  as  a  flnnocicr.  against  the  misre- 
preacDtAtions  of  Mr.  Huskisson.  The 
manifest  object  of  that  unfortanale 
gentleman,  in  his  pamphlet  of  IdlO. 
was  to  facilitate  his  own  return  to 
office  by  fluttering  the  private  senti- 
meots  of  Lord  Liverpnol.  tor  which 
purpose  the  repulntion  of  his  father's 
rival  in  the  Cabinet,  the  patron  of  Mr. 
Hoikiaaon,  was  sacrtliced  aa  a  peace 


BY    TLLOSS. 

of  Mr.  Huskis- 
son's  pamphlet  is  a  rechaufft  of  the 
delusions  in  the  Report  drawn  up  by 
the  first  Karl  of  Liverpool  in  1798, 
and  published  by  him  several  years 
after,  under  the  title  of  a  Letter  to  the 
King  DO  the  Coins  of  the  Realm-  This 
Report  was  directly  oppo«ed  to  the 
views  and  measures  of  Mr.  Pitt;  it 
attributed  the  difficulties  of  the  Bank 
to  an  excess  of  paper  currency.  The 
Earl  claimed  to  himself  the  merit  of 
having  been  instrumental  in  snppress- 
ing  the  circulation  of  small  note* 
during  the  American  war ;  he  added, 
it  had  been  thought  the  prohibition 
ought  to  have  included  flve-pooiwl 
notes,  ny  locking  up  the  reaonrce* 
of  the  Empire,  bis  Lordship  seenu  to 
have  contributed  materially  towards 
what  is  now  generally  called  a  grrmt 
national  benefit,  yelting  rid  of  Amtrie*, 
A   Report   containing   such 


4 


4 

views,       ^1 


1835.] 


Remarks  m  the  Cmreneg* 


381 


inconsistent  with  Mr.  Pitt's  de- 
termination to  persevere  in  a  more 
ardaous  contest,  on  the  necessity  of 
which  opinions  remain  divided.      It 
mast  be  admitted  that  if  Lord  Liver- 
poors  Report  had  been  acted  upon 
immediately,  instead  of  having  its  be- 
nefits reserved  for  the  conclusion  of 
the  war,  we  could  not  have  been  so 
lavish  in  our  expenditure  of  blood  and 
treasure,  and  should  not  have  to  re- 
proach ourselves  for\he  tiuirch  to  Parit. 
The  task  of  rejecting  Lord  Liver- 
pool's Report,  was  undertaken  for  Mr. 
Pitt  by  a  high  law  officer,  who  could 
not  be  divested  of  his  functions  by  the 
Peer  who  held  the  key  of  the  Cabinet. 
Immediately  after  the  shock  of  his 
discomfiture,  for  which  we  have  been 
subjected  by  his  son  to  so  long  a  pe- 
nance, this  personal  friend  and  most 
confidential  servant  of  the  King  be- 
came incapacitated  (as  we  are  told  by 
himself)  from  attending  to  public  bu- 
siness ;  the  few  exertions  of  which  he 
was  at  length  capable,  when  his  life 
verged  toward  its  close,  were  devoted 
to  preparing  his  Report  for  the  press, 
and  dedicating  to  the  King  aa  hU  last 
tenice.     He  had  resigned  his  seat  at 
the  Board  of  Trade,  where  the  views 
of  Mr.  Pitt  were  acted  upon  by  Mr. 
George    Rose.     The    ruling    passion 
which  the  Earl  felt  so  strong  at  the 
near  prospect  of  death,  did  not  expire 
with  him ;  passing  over  to  his  son  it 
soon  attained  despotic  sway,  for  Mr. 
Pitt  had  also  ended  his  earthly  career, 
and  it  appears  his  mantle  was  buried 
with  him. 

In  establishing  the  authority  of  the 
Liverpool  opinions,  which  has  not 
been  relaxed  by  the  change  in  our  po- 
litical system,  the  lead  was  taken  by  a 
Stock  Jobber,  who  did  not  suspect  he 
was  applauded  by  the  prime  minister 
while  he  assailed  the  validity  of  our 
paper  currency,  hoping  to  promote  his 
own  speculations  by  lowering  the  pub- 
lic funds.  The  more  powerful  effect 
of  Mr.  Huskisson's  pamphlet  arose 
from  assumptions  which  have  obtain- 
ed almost  universal  assent,  although 
they  are  at  variance  with  truth  and 
common  sense.  The  following  is  the 
manner  in  which  Mr.  Iluskisson  stated 
the  first  and  most  popular  of  the  false 
maxims  in  his  pamphlet.  "  Suppose 
the  currency  of  a  country  to  consist  of 
gold — if  the  quantity  of  gold  tn  such 


a  country  should  be  increased,  fhe 
quantity  of  other  articles  and  the  <fe- 
numd  for  them  remaining  the  tame,  the 
value  of  any  given  commodity,  mea- 
sured in  the  coin  of  that  country,  would 
be  increased,  or  in  other  words  the 
relative  value  of  gold  to  other  commo- 
dities would  be  decreased  in  the  same 
proportion."     The  notion  that  prices 
are  regulated  by  the  quantity  of  goods 
and  of  money  that  are  tn  a  country, 
and  not  by  the  denuaid,  is  supposed  to 
have  been  established  as  an  axiom  by 
the  combined  authority  of  Locke  and 
Hume,  who  certainly  appear  to  have 
entertained  this  opinion  when  they 
first  contemplated  the  subject,  but  after 
further  consideration  its  fallacy  was 
admitted  by  each  of  them.    Mr.  Hume 
declared  "  It  is  also  evident  that  the 
prices  do  not  so  much  depend  on  the 
absolute  quantity  of  money  and  of 
goods  that  are  ni  a  country,  as  on  that 
of  the  commodities  that  come  or  may 
come  to  market,  and  of  the  money  that 
circulates."  Mr.  Hume  shewed  that  no 
increase   in  the  quantity  of  money 
could  raise  prices  unless  it  increased 
the  demand.     Mr.  Locke  had  observed 
that  the  quantity  of  money  necessary 
to  trade,  depended  on  the  quickness 
of  its  circulation ;  he  pointed  out  in 
what  manner  it  was  retarded  by  $top$, 
and  detained  in  itanding  pools.    This 
being  contrary  to  the  practice,  was 
beyond  the  comprehension  of  the  great 
Stock  Jobber  before  alluded  to;    he 
could   not    comprehend    that  money 
would  allow  itself  to  remain  unem- 
ployed, and  he  argued  that  the  effect 
of  the  same  total  or  absolute  quantity 
was  uniformly  the  same ;  his  success 
as  a  money  dealer  enabled  him  to 
make  his  friends  and  pupils  among 
the  Whigs,  join  with  their  politicid 
opponents  in  assenting  to  this  Liver- 
pool maxim,  which  has  become  the 
fundeunental  principle  of  our  legisla- 
tion on  the  Currency.    In  the  history 
of  commerce  it  appears  that  the  trade 
round  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  which 
reduced  our  stock  of  the  precious  me- 
tals but  accelerated  their  circulation, 
contributed  more  than  the  discovery 
of  America  to  the  rise  of  prices  attri- 
buted to  that  cause.     One  of  the  great 
advantages  of  establishing  the  Bank 
was  that  it  enabled  us  to  send  our 
silver  to  India ;  strictly  speaking,  bank 
notes  are  not  money,  they  are  onl^ 


coatriviinc«s  for  acoeliniting  the  cir- 
culation of  money.  The  vast  accumu- 
lation of  gold  and  silver  in  the  Maho- 
metan empires  have  not  been  accom- 
panied by  a  proportionate  rise  of  prices, 
because  their  circulation  was  very 
slow,  the  greater  part  being  locked  up. 
Iv'either  is  Mexico  a  dear  country  ;  the 
proiit  on  its  mines  depends  on  the 
cheapness  of  working  them. 

Mr.  Hoskisson's  words  represent 
gold  and  silver  as  having  an  innate, 
[terhaps  magnetic  power  of  raising 
prices,  the  demand  retaaining  the  tame; 
be  also  supposed  our  pa{)cr  currency 
had  the  some  power,  and  hio  theory  of 
its  depreciation  is  founded  on  this  as- 
sumption. To  corroborate  his  theory 
be  found  it  convenient  to  assume  that 
gold  bullion  was  our  sole  legal  mea- 
sure of  value,  for  which  purpose  be 
identified  coin  with  bullion,  asserting 
•'  there  is  not,  neither  con  then  h«, 
any  difference  whatever  between  any 
given  coin,  and  an  uncoined  piece  of 
the  same  metal  of  equal  weight  and 
fineness,  except  that  the  quantity  of 
the  former  is  accurately  ascertained, 
and  publiciy  proclaimed  to  all  the 
world  by  the  stamp  it  bears."  Very 
nearly  the  same  thing  had  been  taid 
by  Lucke.  whose  words  were  quoted 
in  the  Letter  to  Ibe  King,  and  declared 
to  be  cbernally  true ;  but  the  Earl  pro- 
oeeded  to  mention  occurrences  in  Mr. 
Locke's  day,  which  tetrnM  l»  tthew 
there  may  be  other  circumstances 
which  regulate  the  value  of  coin  aa 
aaek,  besides  the  intrinsic  value  of  the 
metal  it  contains.  It  may  perhaps  be 
aaid  the  Earl's  wonls  mark  the  dif- 
ference which  makes  Mr.  Locke's  as- 
lertion  true  or  not  true.  At  tmltiom, 
may  given  weight  of  silver  must  pos- 
•eas  nearly  the  same  value  under  every 
form,  and  Mr.  Locke  declared  coin  to 
be  bullion  of  which  the  workmanship 
had  no  value,  because  do  charge  was 
made  for  it.  In  this  manner  he  eor- 
rected  the  assertion  by  which  he  had 
visled  Mr.  Montague  during  the  con. 
trovcrsy  with  Mr.  Lowndes.  Mr. 
Locke  admitted  a  ditference  might  be 
VMifde  between  coin  and  bullion,  and 
!be  recommended  that  a  charge  should 
t»  made  for  the  workmanebip,  as  the 
i«aiy  means  of  preventing  the  melting 
down  of  our  coin.  It  is  wonderful 
this  rvconiniendation  from  so  high  an 
autliurity  should  have  remained  so  long 


the  Currency. 

unnoticed.  Mr.  Hu^kisson's  asser- 
tion, that  no  clifTerence  can  exist  be- 
tween coin  and  buHioa,  is  like  identi- 
fying with  a  sword  blade  the  material 
out  of  which  it  is  made — a  bar  of  steel. 
If,  when  the  pupil  of  Mr.  Pitt  paid 
this  homage  to  a  bios  of  Lord  Liver- 
pool, he  had  read  the  whole  statement 
of  Mr,  Locke,  to  whom  he  particularly 
referred  his  readers,  he  may  by  his 
friends  be  commended  for  his  subtlety 
and  ingenuity,  although  his  enemiei 
represent  him  as  one  of  the  meanest 
time-serving  sycophants  that  ever  ex- 
isted. By  one  daring  political  act.  he 
certainly  did  assume  a  spirit  of  inde- 
pendence ;  but  his  life  paid  forfeit  for 
it  shortly  aAer,  through  his  eagernem 
to  be  reconciled  to  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington. Who  would  be  a  political 
aspirant,  if  such  are  the  difiicoltiea 
and  dangers  of  his  tank,  and  if  dupli- 
city is  to  be  his  essential  qualification  } 
Can  Mr.  Huskisson  have  been  in  ear- 
nest, when,  to  gratify  Lord  Liverpool, 
he  outdid  his  father's  cnmraeodation 
of  Mr.  Locke's  fallacy,  by  converting 
it  into  an  absurdity  ?  The  intemperate 
zeal  by  which  he  endeavoured  to  prove 
his  sioccrit)'  as  a  proselyte,  caused  him 
to  be  charged  with  apostacy  by  the 
truest  friends  of  Mr.  Pitt ;  but  his  er- 
rors and  their  motives  were  never  pub- 
licly exposed  during  his  lifetime. 
What  was  the  powerful  wgis  which 
afforded  him  Bhelter  and  protection  ? 
the  solution  roust  be  sought  among  the 
sons  of  Oxford.  If  Mr.  Huskisson 
had  insisted  that  his  silversmith  ought 
to  accept,  in  payment  of  a  spoon,  a 
lump  of  .silver  of  equal  weight  and 
fineness,  and  had  contended  that  there 
was  not,  nrither  covld  then  fre,  any 
difference  between  them,  excepting 
that  the  quantity  of  silver  in  the  for- 
mer had  been  accurately  ascertained, 
and  publicly  proclaimed  to  all  the 
world  by  the  stamp  of  the  Goldsmilh'f 
company, — what  would  have  been  the 
decision  of  Professors  Senior  and 
Whately  on  tliis  parallel  case?  I  shall 
have  to  shew  the  chief  tendency  of  the 
Liverpool  maxims  is  to  raise  the  in- 
terest  of  money,  for  which  reason 
they  were  adopted  by  the  great  (rhris- 
tiaoized)  Stock  Jobber.  The  success 
of  his  specolalions  induced  some  of  the 
most  inAuential  money.  Iender<i  to  form 
a  club,  and  establish  a  profe9M>r»hiti 
in  London  under  the  sanction  of  htt 


I 

I 
4 


I 


g 


1635;} 


Bemarh  on  ike  Curreaejf* 


38a 


name,  and  anoUier  professorriiip  hn 
been  Mtablished  at  Oxford  by  one  of 
them.  The  money  •lenders  expected  to 
increase  their  influence  by  the  Reform 
of  Parliament,  and  laboured  hard  by 
personal  exertions  as  well  as  pecuniary 
contributions ;  but  thev  owe  their  in- 
fluence principally  to  their  success  in 
rendering  the  aristocracy  blind  to  their 
interests  and  rights  as  landowners ; 
the  result  is,  that  some  of  the  finest 
estates  of  staunch  adherents  of  Lord 
Liverpool  have  been  transferred  to  the 
money  lenders.  Have  the  friends  of 
Lord  Grey  been  more  fortunate  ?  A 
simple  narrative  of  facts  is  able  fully 
to  controvert  the  false  maxims  which, 
tinder  the  specious  title  of  political 
economy,  form  a  part  of  public  and 
general  education.  By  this  means  I 
have  compelled  Professor  Senior  to 
abandon  one  of  the  Liverpool  maxims, 
which  formed  the  basis  of  his  articles 
in  the  Quarterly  Review,  hostile  to  the 
agricultural  interest.  I  have  made 
him  acknowledge  in  his  Drummond 
Lectnres  the  true  principle  of  agricul-. 
tnral  prosperity,  the  increase  in  the 
value  of  labour. 

It  was  by  augmenting  the  demand 
for  labour,  our  small-note  currency  in- 
creased the  consumption  and  raised 
the  price  of  corn.  The  truth  of  this 
the  majority  of  the  labourers  through- 
out the  greater  part  of  England  are 
able  to  testify.  This  digression  1  con- 
sidered necessary  to  point  out  the  im- 
portance of  the  purpose  for  which  this 
narrative  is  undertaken.  Facts  are  the 
proper  weapons  to  oppose  to  argument 
founded  on  ambiguous  abstract  maxims. 
It  is  therefore  necessary  to  mention 
that  Queen  Elizabeth  did  make  a 
charge  for  the  workmanship  of  the 
shillings  which  constituted  her  pound 
sterling.  She  issued  only  sixty  shil- 
ings  in  exchanccc  for  the  12  ounces  of 
silver,  which  she  coined  into  sixty-two 
shillings.  Charles  II.  the  founder  of 
the  Royal  Society,  abandoned  this 
seignorage,  probably  at  the  instigation 
of  some  of  his  brother  philosophers ; 
and  the  value  of  the  shillings  which, 
until  the  year  1816,  continued  to  con- 
stitute the  pound  sterling,  had  ceased 
to  be  increased  by  the  stamp  when  the 
charge  for  it  was  discontinued. 

This  may  be  considered  as  an  alter- 
ation of  the  standard  of  our  measures 
of  value ;  the  cost  price  of  our  money 


in  ballion,  irhith  is  the  ocfy  printiple 
whereby  the  uniformity  of  its  yaloe 
can  be  strictly  maintained,  waslessened 
to  the  extent  of  one-thirtieth  part,  by 
the  abandonment  of  the  seig^on^e. 
But  if  the  value  of  our  money  ceased 
to  be  raised  by  the  stamp,  it  continued 
to  be  sustained  by  it ;  this  fact,  which 
completely  refutes  his  maxim,  was  ac- 
knowledged by  Mr.  Huskisson  to  be 
true  with  oar  gold  coin,  which  did  not 
cease  to  be  a  legal  tender  until  it  had 
undergone  a  dimnnition  of  one  per 
cent.  Upon  the  same  principle,  a  light 
shilling  was  always  worth  as  much  m 
a  heavy  one  as  coin,  as  long  as  it  was 
a  legal  tender — this  did  not  escape  the 
notice  of  Mr.  Locke.  It  was  neces- 
sary for  Mr.  Huskisson  to  consider  our 
gold  coin  as  bullion,  or  merchandise, 
whose  workmanship  had  no  value,  and, 
"without  any  regard  to  truth,  to  call  it 
our  sole  legal  measure ;  because,  if  the 
■hilling  was  a  legal  measure,  the  pound 
note  was  not  <tepreciated  so  long  as 
twenty  shillings  could  be  obtained  for 
it,  which  waa  the  case  during  the 
whole  period  of  the  Bank  Bitttric<* 
tion  Act. 

At  the  time  of  its  comnieneement> 
our  light  silver  coin  was  a  legal  tender 
in  all  payments,  as  the  Act  of  1774, 
which  restricted  the  use  of  it  to  pay- 
ments not  exceeding  25l.,  had  been 
allowed  to  expire  in  1783.  The  noble 
author  of  the  Letters  on  the  Coins  seems 
to  have  recommended  that  measure^ 
and  wished  to  have  it  considered  as  an 
acknowledgment  that  the  standard  of 
our  currency  had  been  transferred 
from  silver  to  gold,  a  delusion  he 
strained  to  establish  by  the  most  futile 
reasoning.  This  alteration  never  waa 
established  by  law  until  an  act  was 
passed  in  1816,  making  gold  our  sole 
legal  tender  in  all  payments  exceeding 
forty  shillings,  and  until  finally  the 
circulation  of  all  notes  payable  in 
silver  was  prohibited.  The  abolition 
of  our  ancient  standard  measure  of 
value,  is  one  of  the  grossest  impositions 
that  was  ever  practised  by  any  minister 
upon  the  credulity  of  a  nation.  It  is 
surprising  that  the  falsehoods  which 
were  asserted  for  the  purpose,  should 
not  have  been  immediately  and  gene^ 
rally  perceived ;  it  is  mortifying  to  hear 
those  falsehoods  repeated  for  the  pur- 
pose of  silencing  every  remonstrance, 
and  rejecting  every  petition.    B\  a&- 


384 


Remarks  on  the  Currency 


senting  to  his  assumptions,  Lord  Wes- 
tern and  Mr.  Attwood  justified  the 
personal  abuse  with  which  Mr.  Uus- 
kisson  represented  them,  as  recom- 
raeading  robbery  when  they  asked  re- 
dress for  the  real  wrongs  of  their  con- 
Btituents.  They  calumniated  Mr.  Pilt's 
measure,  while  they  asked  for  a  renewal 
of  it ;  and  attributed  to  your  bill, 
which  brought  it  to  a  termination,  all 
the  evils  occasioned  by  Lord  Liver- 
pool's alteration  of  the  standard.  The 
coinage  act  of  1816,  was  the  key- 
stone of  the  edifice  to  make  room  for 
which  Lord  Liverpool  laboured  so  asbt- 
duously  to  demolish  the  chief  pillar  of 
Mr.  Pitt's  reputation  as  a  financier; 
it  was  the  principal  means  of  making 
our  paper  currency  appear  to  be  exces- 
sive, aAer  it  had  carried  us  safely 
through  the  war. 
All  the  diminution  in  the  value  of 

Eroperty  which  ensued,  appearsto  Lord 
.ivorpool  to  be  only  the  evanescence 
of  fallacious  wealth  acquired  under  a 
fraudulent  system.  The  increase  of 
our  population,  cultivation,  and  com- 
merce, he  called  over-population,  over- 
production, and  overtrading;  these 
terms  supplied  him  with  a  ready  an- 
swer to  all  complaints.  The  alteration 
of  the  standard  was  particularly  as- 
sisted by  Mr.  Huskisson's  asserting 
that  the  act  of  179S  made  gold  our 
sole  legal  tender  ;  be  said  (p.  6),  "  I  as- 
Bunae  as  admitted,  that  in  Great  Bri- 
tain gold  is  the  scale  to  which  all  prices 
are  referred  ;  and  since  the  39tli  of  the 
King,  the  sole  legal  tender,  except  for 
payments  below  '25/."  He  afterwi'ards 
spoke  of  it  as  being  in  force  when  the 
restriction  commenced,  saying.  "  It 
made  no  alteration  in  the  39th  of  the 
King."  The  fact  is,  that  in  1798,  by 
means  of  a  great  increase  in  our  ex- 
portation of  meicbandise,  to  which  an 
abundant  paper  currency  had  mate- 
rially contributed,  as  Mr.  Pitt  foretold 
it  would,  the  value  of  our  money  in 
exchange  with  that  of  other  countries, 
had  risen  above  par,  because  tliey  pur- 
chased, and  had  to  pay  for  a  greater 
amount  of  our  goods  than  we  pur- 
chased of  their  goods  :  the  difference 
which  we  had  to  receive  beyond  what 
wc  had  to  pay,  was  sent  us  in  bullion, 
which  became  a  cheaper  remittance 
6 


than  bills  of  exchange  on  London,  whea 
they  were  selling  at  more  than  five  per 
cent,  above  the  par  value  of  oar  money. 
Therefore  the  large  importation  of 
silver  made  it  fall  to  the  mint  price, 
and  62  of  our  shilltnga,  worn  down 
below  the  weight  of  10  ounces,  became 
equal  ia  value  to  12  ounces  of  silver 
of  equal  fineness.  This  was  a  proper 
opportunity  for  a  re-coinage.  But  Lord 
Liverpool,  who  was  Chairman  of  the 
Committee,  mixed  up  with  his  report 
a  recommendation  of  the  mischievous 
transfer  of  our  standard,  which  was 
afterwards  accomplished  by  his  son  in 
1816.  in  conformity  with  a  crude  sug* 
gestion  of  Adam  Smith.  This  whim, 
together  with  his  animadversions  on 
our  paper  currency,  caused  his  report 
to  be  rejected . 

In  the  mean  time,  as  a  preliminary 
for  the  re-coinage,  the  act  of  1774  wa« 
revived  ;  but  the  avowed  object  of  it, 
imfirest  on  the  title,  was  only  to  pre- 
vent the  impojtation  of  light  silver 
coin  ;  it  imposed  no  limitation  on  the 
use  or  circulation  of  full-weight  silver. 
It  declared  a  pound  troy  to  be  the  pro- 
per weight  of  62  shillings,  and  they 
were  not  to  circulate  at  a  less  weight 
for  payments  exceeding  25/.  This  re- 
straiut  upon  silver  coin  was  not  so 
severe  as  that  to  which  gold  was  sub- 
ject.  How  then  can  it  be  said  it  gave 
a  preference  to  the  latter,  and  made  it 
our  standard  or  principal  measure  ? 
It  was  necessary  to  check  the  importa- 
tion and  circulation  of  light  silver,  be- 
cause government  would  have  to  give 
full -weight  coin  for  it  after  the  re< 
coinage.  By  this  practice,  the  govern* 
ment  had  constantly  sustained  the  value 
of  the  shilling  a*  coin,  and  maintained 
the  par  of  our  exchange  with  foreign 
countries,  in  which  62  shillings  were 
always  computed  as  equal  in  value  to 
a  pound  of  bullion,  because  this  waa 
the  cost  price  below  which  their  quan- 
tity could  not  be  increased.  Sixty- 
two  shillings  could  not  be  obtained  at 
the  Mint  for  less  than  12  ounces  of 
silver;  accordinply  this  became  their 
value  in  bullion,  whenever  it  was  neces- 
sary for  other  countries  to  purchase 
them  with  bullion,  as  was  the  case  in 
the  year  1798. 


4 


4 


4 


1 835.]         Mr.  Sturget  Bourne's  reply  to  the  Rev.  P.  Hall. 


385 


Mb.  Urban,  Brook-$treet, 

A  COPY  of  a  Letter  of  mine,  to  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  having 
found  its  way,  vithout  my  knowledge, 
into  yoor  Magazine,  1  owe  it  to  the 
gentleman.  "  the  Editor  ofLowth,"a8 
he  calls  himself,  as  well  as  to  myself, 
to  notice  the  observations  which  he 
has  made  respecting  those  "  facts 
which  involve,"  he  says,  "  more  or 
less  directly  every  statement  of  im- 
portance in  that  letter." 

I  have  stated  that  the  copy  of  my 
letter  was  sent  to  yoa  without  my 
permission,  because  the  second  head 
of  the  Eklitor's  complaint  may  well  have 
arisen,  in  part,  from  the  word  "  swear" 
having  been  printed  in  capital  letters. 
This  would  not  have  been  the  case 
had  the  copy  been  furnished  by  me. 
For  neither  in  the  original  letter,  nor 
in  the  copy  which  any  gentleman  re- 
ceived from  me,  was  that  word,  or  any 
{>art  of  the  sentence  to  which  it  be- 
ongs,  scored  under,  or  distinguished 
any  way  to  show  that  peculiar  stress 
was  laid  upon  it :  for  the  truth  is,  I 
designed  only  to  convey  the  imprcs- 
flions  which  I  had  from  the  various 
statements  of  the  Editor,  both  in 
writing  and  in  print,  that  he  felt 
perfect  confidence  in  his  own  opinion 
respecting  the  Bishop's  handwriting. 
I  had  not  before  me  at  the  time  the 
sentence  quoted  by  the  Editor :  and  1 
readily  admit  that  I  ought  to  have  used 
the  word  "speak"  instead  of  "swear ;" 
and  with  this  substitution  of  that 
one  word  for  the  other,  ray  statement 
will  be  quite  correct.  1  must  add, 
that  I  said  the  words  in  no  invidious 
sense ;  and  the  Eklitor  is  undoubtedly 
entitled  to  any  benefit  that  he  can 
derive  from  this  correction  of  my 
statement. 

On  the  other  four  heads  of  com- 
plaint I  cannot  give  the  Editor  the 
same  satisfaction ;  and  the  statement 
which  he  compels  me  to  make  will  be 
painful  to  me,  considering  the  station 
he  holds  as  a  Minister  of  the  Church 
of  England,  and  not  very  pleasant  to 
him. 

] .  He  complains  thati  informed  the 
Archbishop  that  he  had  asserted  in 
print,  that  from  twenty-Jiv^  to  thirty 
volumes  of  MS.  annotations  had  been 
sold  by  auction  by  the  Bishop's  repre- 
sentatives. He  should,  to  quote  me 
accurately,  have    stated,   that   I    re- 

Grxt.'.Mao.  Vol..  hi. 


presented  him  as  "  having  asterted 
(to  me)  as  he  has  since  done  in 
print."  I  am  further  accused  of  repre- 
senting him  as  having  said,  "  that 
these  two  MS.  volumes  of  Sermons 
might  have  been  amongst  them." 
He  then  refers  to  a  printed  letter,  to 
show  that  "  the  number  specified  by 
him  was  eight  lot$,  and  that  no  men- 
tion was  made  of  the  two  (vols,  of) 
Sermons,  as  supposed  to  have  existed 
among  them ;  on  the  contrary,  they 
are  distinctly  described  a«  composed 
excltaivelif  qf  "  annotations  and  re- 
marks." I  will  now  state  my  authority 
for  having  so  informed  the  Archbishop; 
and  lest  it  should  appear  incredible 
that  an  Editor  should  so  soon  have 
forgotten  what  he  has  written  as  well 
as  printed,  I  have  shown  to  the  prin- 
ter of  your  miscellany,  the  passage 
in  the  Editor's  letter',  which  I  am 
about  to  quote.  On  the  22d  of  April, 
1834,  the  Editor  sent  to  me  a  letter, 
containing  the  following  statement : 

"  You  say  yoa  know  that  nothing 
would  have  tempted  the  Bishop's  de- 
scendants to  have  parted  with  such  docu- 
ments. Here,  a^^ain,  I  can  by  no  means 
coincide  with  your  belief.  Why  else  did 
the  Bishop's  family  submit  by  public 
auction  at  Mr.  Evans's,  in  the  year  1H33, 
not  only  the  general  library  of  their  an- 
cestor, but  his  own  copies  of  his  own 
publications,  &c. ;  and  what  is  most  qf 
all  to  the  purpose,  from  twenty  to  thirty 
volumes  of  MS.  annotations  and  re- 
marks, drawn  up  in  the  course  of  his 
readini;,  in  the  handwriting  of  the  Bishop 
himself.  Mr.  Thorpe's  Cataloifue  for  the 
following  year  was  full  of  the  spoils, 
printed  and  MS.  collected  from  that 
sale,  and  others  were  dispersed  among 
other  booksellers.  Does  this  look  Uke 
that  tenacious  regard  for  the  Bishop's 
remains  of  which  you  speak?  Does  it 
not  rather  afford  by  no  means  an  impro- 
bable surmise,  that  the  Sermons  in  ques- 
tion may  have  escaped  from  the  hands  of 
the  Bishop's  family  not  altogether  with- 
out  their  consent  ?  " 

So  much  for  what  the  Editor  has 
written  to  mc.  What  has  he  stated 
in  print  ?  Why,  in  the  second  page 
of  the  Memoir,  he  says,  in  a  note: 
"It  is  a  circumstance  much  to  be 
regretted,  that  a  variety  of  unpub> 
lished  MSS.  (not  MS.  annotations) 
both  of  the  Bishop  and  his  father 
were  sold  by  auction,  together  with 
the  family  librarv.  in  1823."  He 
3D 


386 


Mr.  Sturges  Bourne's  reply  to  the  Rev.  P.  Hatt.  [April, 


further  states,  in  the  printed  letter  to 
which  he  himself  refers,  that  these 
MS.  annotations  consisted  of  ei(]ht  lota. 
Can  any  man  doubt,  who  reads  these 
MS.  and  printed  statements  of  the 
Editor,  ihat  they  relate  to  the  some 
MS.  annotations  and  MSS.,  and  to  the 
same  sale?  If  I  had  charged  the 
Editor  witli  a  discrepancy  between  bis 
written  and  printed  statement,  the 
one  describing  volumes,  the  other  lota, 
should  I  not  have  been  told  that  1  was 
guilty  of  a  rao&t  unworthy  quibble;  for 
that  the  larger  number  of  volumes 
might  well  have  been  comprised,  as  is 
usual,  in  the  smaller  number  of  lots  ? 
Ara  I  then  to  be  charged  with  assert- 
ing falsely  that  the  number  stated  by 
the  Reverend  Editor  to  be  sold,  was 
from  licenttf-five  to  thirty  volumet  of 
MS.  annotalionM  ?  And  even  his  as- 
sertions in  writing  and  in  print  con- 
fined "  exclusively  to  annotations  and 
rvmarka  ?"  And  is  it  true  that  these 
two  MS.  volume*  of  Sermona  were  not 
mentioDcd .'  But  to  show  how  well 
founded  was  this  surmise  of  the  Editor, 
that  these  MS.  Sermons  might  "  have 
escaped  not  altogetliL-r  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  family,"  he  has  made  it  nc- 
cesaary  for  me  to  expose  the  following 
•tatementof  his  in  the  same  letter  to  me. 
He  says,  "  The  Sermons  in  question 
were  offered  for  public  sale  by  auc- 
iion  at  Mr.  Sotheby's,  in  1830  w  1831,*' 
It  is  scarcely  credible,  but  I  have  been 
informed  and  believe,  that  each  of 
these  assertions  is  an  error,  arising,  no 
doubt,  from  some  strange  misinforma- 
tion ;  that  they  were  not  sold  by  pub- 
lic auction,  but  privately;  nor  at  Mr. 
Sotheby's,  but  at  Mr.  Bayncs's;  nor 
in  1S30  or  1831,  bat  in  the  ^ear  1819. 
It  is  this  last  error  which  alone 
is  of  im|>ortance,  because  that  year 
preceded  by  four  years  the  sale  of  any 
one  volume  of  the  Bishop's  books,  his 
son  being  then  living,  and  destroys 
altogether  the  Editor'^  invidious  sur- 
mise ;  and  it  shows  the  looseness  of 
this  gentleman's  assertions,  when  cast- 
ing imputations  on  others.  I  have 
also  been  told,  and  believe,  that  the 
price  put  by  Mr.  Bayne»  on  these  MS. 
volumes  of  Sermons,  was  ten  times 
Icias  tluin  be  would  have  required  of  a 
purchaser,  if  he  had  concurred  with 
the  Editor  in  thinking;  then  the  Scr- 
tQOus  uf  Bishop  LowLh. 

3.  With  respect  to  the  third  com- 
pUiint,    I  fiitd,   by  the  Editor  'b  own 


showing,  that  I  have  nothing  to  cor- 
rect, i  presume  I  am  not  to  be 
called  to  account  for  what  he  is 
pleased  to  denominate  a  "  typographi- 
cal oversight."  For  he  asserts,  with  a 
boldness  that  must  surprise  those  who 
possess  his  volume,  that  the  titlea  are 
not  cancelled.  And  to  prove  this  as- 
sertion, he  refers  to  the  text  of  his 
Memoir  in  page  2.  in  which  it  is  nar- 
rated, neither  in  the  form  nor  charac- 
ter of  a  title,  that,  of  the  ten  Sermooe. 
the  former  six  were  delivered  at  St. 
James's  church,  London ;  the  latter 
four  in  that  of  St.  Martin'6-in-the- 
Fields  ;  a  statement  with  the  omission 
of  which  I  never  charged  the  Editor. 
The  title  prefixed  to  the  MS.  Sermons 
is  admitted  to  be  "  Sermons  preached 
at  St.  Martin's-in-the-Ficlds  (or  St. 
James's)  by  Robert  Lowth,  D.D., 
1767."  But  the  title  prefixed  to  the 
Ten  Sermons  in  the  usual  place,  the 
blank  page  which  precedes  them,  is 
"  Ten  Sermons  of  Bishop  Lowth,  now 
first  printed  from  the  original  Manu- 
scripts," omitting  altogether  the  date 
17O7,  and  the  other  suspicious  circum- 
stances attending  such  a  designation 
of  a  bishop.  I  used  therefore  the  word 
cancelled,  I  conceive,  quite  correctly. 
And  I  should  feel  myself  justified  m 
repeating  my  nssertion  as  far  as  re- 
spects any  copy  of  the  volume  which 
I  have  yet  seen.  Indeed,  I  called  at 
the  respectable  publishers  of  this  vo- 
lume, desiring  to  sec  a  copy,  and 
telling  my  reason  ;  and  the  copy  pro- 
duced was,  like  every  other  I  have  seen. 
withoot  the  correction  of  this  strange 
"  typographical  oversight,"  which  is  of 
so  much  importance  with  respect  to 
the  genuineness  of  these  Sermons. 

But  the  Rev.  Editor  thinks  it  im. 
portant  to  his  case  to  represent  me  as 
incompetent  to  form  a  judgment  on 
comparative  handwriting,  because  the 
title-pages  to  the^e  MS.  volumes 
ore  quite  evidently  written  by  a  dif- 
ferent person.  Now  I  do  not  pretend 
to  any  particular  «kill  in  this  respect- 
fortunately  it  was  not  recjuired  iu  thla 
case — but  I  have  no  whiTe  asserted 
that  the  title  and  the  rest  of  the  MS8. 
were  written  by  the  same  (icrsoo,  or 
that  all  the  pa^cs  uf  the  MSS.  were 
written  by  the  «ame  hand  ;  but  what  I 
have  maintained  and  still  maintain 
successfully,  as  1  know,  is,  that  nut 
OQC  word  in  those  volumes  was  written 
by   Bishop   Lowth.      And   is    it  the 


I 


« 


)835.] 


Mr.  Sturges  Bourne's  reply  to  the  Rev.  P.  Hall. 


387 


Editor  who  reproaches  me  with  not 
Mcing  the  dissimilarity  of  writing  in 
thctv  volumes,  when  I  have  it  ander 
hiaownhand  that  they  "  were  prepared 
for  the  press  by  the  Bishop's  own 
handt"  and  when,  neither  in  writing 
nor  in  print,  has  he  alluded  to  any 
difference  of  writing  in  different  parts 
of  th*  MSS.  ?  And  was  it  quite  cor- 
rect, after  being  aware  of  this  circum- 
stance, not  to  state  plainly  that  the 
assertion  that  the  Sermons  were 
preached  any  where  by  Bishop  Lowth, 
was  not  in  his  handwriting : 

4.  In  his  fourth  complaint  the 
Editor  states,  that  I  represent  him  as 
"  having^*/ suppressed  the  date,  and 
then  assigned  the  period  of  the  Ser- 
mons to  Bishop  Lowth's  possession  of 
the  Secof  London."  The  words^rs/  and 
thm  are  used  not  correctly,  and  I  know 
not  for  what  purpose.  A  reference  to 
my  letter  will  show  that  I  narrated 
the  substance  of  what  had  passed 
between  the  Elditor  and  myself,  and 
laid  stress  on  his  assertion,  that  the 
Sermons  were  preached  by  the  Bishop 
while  in  the  See  of  London.  And 
this  assertion  I  made  first  (if  that  is 
of  any  consequence),  and  before  I  re- 
ferred at  all  to  the  date  or  the  omission 
of  it.  I  then  contrasted  the  assertion 
of  the  MSS.  that  the  Sermons  were 

E reached  in  1767«  when  the  Bishop 
eld  the  See  of  Oxford,  with  the  Edi- 
tor's  assertion  to  me,  which  was  as 
follows,  in  a  letter  written  on  the  14th 
April,  1834  :  "  With  respect  to  the 
portion  now  first  printed,  it  consists  of 
ten  Sermons,  preached  by  the  Bishop 
while  in  the  See  qf  London,  at  two  of 
the  principal  churches  of  the  metro- 
polis." These  two  statements  ap- 
peared to  me  then,  as  they  do  now, 
quite  irreconcileable  with  each  other ; 
and  either  the  oneorthe  other  could  not 
be  true.  But  the  Editor  has,  it  seems, 
now  contradicted  in  print  his  own  as- 
sertion to  me  in  writing,  by  adding  to 
the  correction  of  his  "  typographical 
oversight"  the  words  "  while  hia  Lord- 
$hip  held  the  See  of  Oxford."  So 
he  now  compels  me  to  state,  that  the 
contradiction  is  no  longer  between  his 
assertions  and  those  of  the  MSS.,  but 
between  the  Editor's  letter  to  me  and 
his  corrected  statement  to  the  public. 
Can  both  his  own  assertions  be  true  ? 
Are  either  of  them  so  ? 

5.  The  Editor  lastly  complains,  that 


I  "  inform  His  Grace  that  the  Rev. 
Peter  Hall  has  represented  himself  to 
be  a  sounder  theologian  than  Bishop 
Lowth."  I  have  made  no  such  state- 
ment. In  this  case  again  the  Editor 
does  not  choose  to  quote  me  accu- 
rately. My  statement  was,  and  is, 
not  that  he  "  represented  himself," 
but  that  he  "  evidently  supposes  him- 
self to  be."  Whether  this  be  or  be 
not  a  fair  inference,  I  leave  others  to 
judge;  but  when  a  gentleman,  a 
Theologian  by  profession,  pronounces 
judgment,  and  in  the  tone  assumed  by 
this  comparatively  young  divine,  on 
another,  almost  as  eminent  as  him- 
self, as  deficient  both  in  theology  and 
in  faith,  can  it  be  supposed  that  he 
thinks  himself  equally  deficient  in 
either  ?  I  find  the  Editor's  work  in 
so  few  hands,  that  I  think  it  neces- 
sary, in  consequence  of  this  last  com- 
plaint, to  give  a  specimen  to  those 
who  may  not  see  his  volume,  of  the 
Christian  humility  with  which  this 
Rev.  Gentleman  "judges  another  man's 
servant."  In  the  same  page  in  which 
he  professes  "  to  do  tardy  justice  to 
the  memory  of  one  of  the  most  fa- 
mous of  the  sons  of  Wykeham,  by 
rescuing  his  forgotten  relics,"  he  uses 
the  following  words  :  "  Of  the  funda- 
mental doctrine  of  Christian  faith,  the 
glory  of  God,  manifested  in  the  salva- 
tion of  his  people  by  the  blood  of 
Christ,  we  hear  but  too  little,  even  in 
hit  bett  and  lateat  aermont!"  Is  it 
credible  that  this  should  be  stated  by 
a  Divine  who  has  never  seen  one  more 
of  his  Sermons  than  the  eight  which 
he  has  re-published,  and  which  were 
all  delivered  on  occasions  of  Charities, 
Visitations,  Assizes,  the  30th  of  Ja- 
nuary, and  Ash -Wednesday ;  though 
he  has  published,  as  the  Bishop's,  ten 
spurious  sermons,  from  which  he  de- 
duces the  same  heavy  imputations. 
He  immediately  follows  the  passage 
last  quoted,  by  the  ensuing  words. 
"  A  profound  veneration  for  the  subli- 
mity of  the  Word  of  God,  especially 
the  mysterious  and  solemn  language 
of  prophecy,  may  be  sometimes  found 
to  exalt  the  cap^ities  of  the  mind, 
without  either  purifying  the  corrup- 
tions of  human  will,  or  softening  the 
aaperitiea  of  Aimwin  temper."  1  say 
nothing  of  this  most  extraordinary 
opinion,  but  I  must  observe  that  this 
"  asperity  of  temper"  is  thoa  vd&\- 


Bishop  Lowth'a  "MS.  Sermoru 


noated  against  this  Bishop,  by  a  per- 
son as  igDorant  of  hi^  character  as  he 
has  proved  himself  to  be  of  his  person 
and  handwriting;  and  in  despite  of 
the  hi^h  testimony  of  oae  who  knew 
him  intunately,  and  to  whom  he  was 
recommended  by  those  very  virtues  of 
which  it  is  thus  posthumously  attempt- 
ed to  deprive  him.  1  refer  to  that 
character  of  him  by  Bishop  Porteua, 
which,  having  been  printed  by  the 
Editor,  might  well  have  corrected  the 
uncharitable  imputations  in  which  he 
has  thought  (it  to  indulge. 

"  With  such  various  and  distinguished 
talents  in  almost  every  branch  of  Utrra- 
ture,  with  a  conduct  perfectly  inoffenfiire 
and  irreproachable,  with  a  temper  nalu- 
raily  mild  and  even,  with  mannert  moit 
gentle,  unatauming,  and  eoHciliating,  it 
can  be  no  wonder,"'  &c. 

I  thus  Bnaliy  take  my  leave  of  the 
work  of  this — can  I  say,  as  has  been 
said  of  the  object  of  bis  calumnies, 
*'  unassuming"  editor  ?  Others,  how- 
ever, 1  trust,  will  yet  call  upon  bira 
to  explain  what  he  means  by  a  state- 
ment in  tills  Magazine  of  Sept.  1834, 
to  which  he  himself  refers,  and  in 
Trhich  is  the  foUowiogmost  myatcrioas 
passage : 

"  It  wns  not  until  I  bad  va&Ae  ti prnmiiie 
to  abstain  from  entering  overmuch  into  the 
iwrtieulnrs  of  Biiihop  Lowth's  biography, 
that  Hi!)  Grare's  appn^heusions  for  the 
dignity  qf  the  Seet^fiAMdon^vrKTV  abated." 

In  using  these  "  voces  ambiguas." 
he  might  be  deemed  to  allude  even  to 
dishonest  or  immoral  actions.  1  tiust 
therefore  it  will  be  reijuirfd  of  him  to 
state  plainly  what  promite  was  ever 
enacted  and  made,  and  to  what  act  of 
Bishop  Lowth's  life  be  alludes,  that 
could  in  any  way  have  affected  "  the 
dignity  of  the  See  of  London?" 
Yours.  8cc. 
W.  Stl-roks  BovnNB. 


Mr.  UaBikw, 
HAVING  been  pneclnded,  by  acci- 
dental circurahtances.  fnini  |»erusing 
your  valuable  Mi-^cellany  for  a  cou- 
siderabte  time,  I  «ins  not  till  recently 
aware  of  the  publtratiun  of  a  letter  in 
the  Ucotleman's  Magazine  of  Spptem- 
bcr  last,  from  the  "  Kditorof  Lowlh," 
•Jt  hr  in  pli-4«rd  to  iloHi^nate  him>(eir. 
The  8lat(>racn(«  of  the  writer  npficaroft 
to  demand  an  immvdiatc  reply,  for  the 


insertion  of  which  I  wa-s  prepared  to 
trespass  once  more  on  your  indulgence. 
A  letter,  however,  in  the  mean  time, 
addressed  by  Mr.  Sturges  Bourne  to 
the  Archbishop  of  Canterbur)',  antici- 
pated my  arguments;  and  by  a  com* 
munication  from  "  The  Kditor  of 
Lowth,"  in  the  la-st  Magazine,  it  should 
seem  that  he  no  longer  contends  for 
the  identity  of  the  writingof  "theMS. 
Sermons  of  Bishop  L<»wth.** 

It  is  therefore  unnecessary  to  dwell 
on  the  extraordinary  reasoning  in  hkd 
former  letter,  such  aa  "The  constant 
trndltion  of  the  identity  of  the  MS. 
Sermons."  'IVadition!  respecting  ten 
ordinary  parochial  sermons  preached 
70  years  ago  in  two  London  churches! 
Or  the  want  of  "  ostensible  purpose" 
in  any  man  to  attribute  their  Sermona 
falsely  to  the  Bishop.  What!  Have 
those  who  sell  Sermons,  either  in  MS. 
or  print,  no  interest  in  ascribing  them 
to  an  eminent  author:  The  know- 
ledge of  the  parishioners  is  also  added. 
May  we  ask  who  is  the  parish iooer 
now  living  who  ever  saw  Bifthop 
Lowth  in  the  pulpit? 

We  know  what  must  be  theupiDioo 
of  every  man  who  has  read  these  ».po- 
rious  Sermons.  We  need  therefore 
only  refer  those  who  may  still  have 
any  doubts,  to  the  internal  evidence 
which  they  afTord.  But  if  style,  itc. 
is  to  be  put  out  of  the  question,  ac*^ 
cording  to  the  Kditor,  perhaps  be  will 
allow  i/rammar  to  be  some  criterion  of 
Lowth'»  writings  ?  Does  he  then  think 
he  would  have  used  the  word  "  sore" 
as  an  adverb?  Matters  of  tmt^  are 
also,  it  seems,  proscribed  by  the  K«li- 
tor;  otherwise  it  might  be  asked  whe- 
ther the  Binhop  would  have  used  the 
espressiou  of  "  npnciag  up  the  price  of 
innocent  blood  ?" 

Leaving  these  matters  therefore  M 
no  longer  in  dispute,  it  is  necessan'  to 
advert  to  a  much  more  scrioua  subject, 
because  if  there  be  a  man  in  the 
country,  except  the  said  Kditor,  who 
would  defame  the  Bishop's  character, 
that  man  might  indulge  his  dispoadon 
to  any  extent,  under  the  obscure  aod 
mysterious  insinuations  coatTiincd  io 
the  following  paru^raph,  which  1  can- 
not yHi\s  over  without  ibe  most  HA- 
(jualilird  reprobation. 

The  Kditor  states,  "  I  have  thrb««t 
MMthnrity  for  auspccting  that  it  was 
m>t  oji/y  the  reserve  of  Bishop  Lowth'a 


* 
I 

I 


I 


1835.] 


Vindication  6/Bp.  Lowth. — Micyltiu. 


389 


fiunily,  but  alto  the  teruples  of  Bishop 
Porteas's  successor "  (by  the  saccessor 
of  Dr.  Porteus  is  meant  to  be  desig- 
nated, not  his  immediate  successor, 
Imt  the  present  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury) "which  prevented  the  pub- 
lication alluded  to.  And  it  was  not 
till  I  had  made  a  promise  in  that  quar- 
ter, to  abstain  from  entering  over- 
mnch  into  the  particulars  of  Bishop 
Lowth's  biography,  that  his  Grace's 
apprehensions  for  the  dignity  of  the 
See  of  London  were  abated." 

Now,  sir,  I  ask,  would  not  any  of 
tbe  most  sanguine  admirers  of  the 
Bishop's  genius  and  character  be  pre- 
pared to  expect  some  disclosure  so 
itartling,  some  act  so  degrading,  as  to 
prove  fatal  to  his  reputation  ?  I  ask, 
what  was  this  act  of  Bishop  Lowth, 
which  was  so  to  affect  the  dignity  of 
the  See  of  London  ?  Was  there  in 
ftct  any  promise  exacted  on  this  oc- 
casion by  the  Archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, or  given  by  the  "Editor  of 
Lowth,"  of  the  tendency  stated  by 
that  gentleman  ?  Did  indeed  any  con- 
versation, or  discussion,  as  might  be 
inferred,  take  place  between  him  and 
the  Archbishop,  respecting  the  "  par- 
ticularity of  Bishop  Lowth's  bio- 
graphy?" 

I  think,  sir,  you  will  feel  some  sur- 
prise at  the  boldness  of  this  charge  on 
Bishop  Lowth's  charactct — at  the 
koUoicneu  of  this  insinuation,  when  I 
assert — without  fear  of  contradiction, 
and  can  establish  undeniably,  that 
the  distinguished  Prelate,  to  whom  the 
editor  imparted  his  intention,  express- 
ed nothing  that  could  warrant  such  a 
conclusion ;  his  Grace's  reply  being 
a  brief  one  in  irritiiig,  simply  con- 
taining a  caution,  customary  with  him 
when  consulted  on  such  occasions, 
against  the  posthumous  publication  of 
papers,  which  the  author  had  not  in- 
tended for  the  public  eye,  and  a  re- 
commendation to  avoid  the  "  VVarbur- 
tonian  controversy." 

This,  then,  is  the  amount  of  the 
Archbishop's  apprehensions,  a  caution 
against  the  publication  of  private  let- 
ters on  trivial  subjects,  and  an  expres- 
sion of  opinion,  that  it  would  be  better 
to  allow  an  angry  correspondence  be- 
tween two  eminent  men,  which  took 
place  before  Lowth  was  on  the  Bench, 
to  be  buried  in  oblivion ;    and   it   is 


scarcely  possible  to  imagine  that  such 
an  admonition  could  be  distorted,  not 
only  into  an  intimation  that  the  par- 
ticulars of  the  Bishop's  biography 
would  not  bear  the  test  of  publicity, 
but  would  even  cast  discredit  on  t^e 
dignity  of  the  Sec  of  London. 

1  now  leave  the  Editor  to  his  own 
feelings.  If  indeed  he  has,  in  the 
judgment  of  your  readers,  sustained  his 
assertions,  let  him  enjoy  the  triumph 
of  having  stigmatized  a  Prelate,  who 
had  deserved  so  highly  of  the  public 
and  of  the  church,  as'  "the  warlike 
Metropolitan ; "  and  of  having  been 
influenced  by  the  ambition  of  victory 
to  conduct  his  argument  in  a  manner 
little  consonant  to  his  professions  of 
"  that  veneration  which  had  inspired 
him,  even  in  early  life,  with  the  de- 
sire of  doing  an  act  of  tardy  justice  to 
his  memory ;"  an  act,  be  it  observed, 
which  "he  was  prepared  to  believe 
would  evince  his  gratitude  in  the  form 
most  acceptable  to  the  college  of  Win- 
ton,  as  a  tribute  to  the  fame  of  one  of 
the  most  illustrious  of  her  sons." 
Yours,  &c. 

Vkbax. 


Mr.  Urban, 

THE  notice  taken  in  your  last  num- 
ber (pp.  294-5)  of  the  lately  published 
Evles  for  the  Ovidian  Diatich,  may 
justify  the  calling  of  your  attention  to 
a  piece  of  literary  history  apparently 
very  little  known. 

In  the  Preface  to  those  Rules,  "  Mi- 
cyllus"  is  mentioned  as  "the  friend  of 
Melancthon."  And  so  he  certainly 
was,  to  an  extent  and  depth  of  attach- 
ment on  both  sides ;  which,  while  it 
shows  the  benevolence  of  Mclanc- 
thon's  nature,  ought  to  give  some  dis- 
tinction to  Micyllus  also,  as  the  object 
of  such  a  man's  affection  and  esteem. 

Camerarius,  the  common  friend  of 
those  excellent  persons,  in  his  Life  of 
"  the  most  amiable  of  the  Reformers," 
published  within  the  year  (1560)  of 
Melancthon's  death,  devotes  part  of 
one  chapter  (the  viith)  to  Micyllus's 
memory,  Jacobi  MicylU  mors:  from 
which ,  amongst  other  things,  it  appears, 
that  accomplished  scholar  (though  of 
a  family  called  Melcher  or  MoUzerJ 
derived  another  surname — that  by 
which  he  is  known — from  a  singular 
cause  enough. 


390 


On  the  Character  and  Writiags  of  Mlcyllus 


At  Erfurt,  in  Thuringia,  where  Ca- 
inerarius  was  his  schoolfellow,  in  a 
scenic  representation  of  Luciao'a  ce- 
lebrated dialogue,  Micyllus  and  the 
Cock,  our  young  student,  it  seems, 
personated  the  former  of  those  cha- 
racters so  cleverly,  that  he  got  the  ap- 
pellation of  Micyllut)  at  the  time : 
and  he  never  either  lust  it  or  dropped 
it  afterwards. 

Allusively  to  the  signification  of  hu- 
mility in  that  adopted  name  (as  a  di- 
minutive from^i«^i>s),  in  his  Epistle  to 
Melaucthon,  which  begins  thus, 

"  Ecquid  uhi  aspecta  est  DOttc  tibi  lit- 
tera  dextrse, 
£t  voiucrum  criatia  eera  notata 
tribu».  &c." 

when  speaking  of  his  own  delicate  and 
timid  disposition,  he  himself  stntcs 
the  fact : 

"  Fortuito  quondam  Micylli  oomina 
casu 
Repperi,   et  in  mores  trausiit  itle 
raeos." 

James  Micyllus  was  a  native  of  Stras- 
burgh,  aa  we  learn  from  Camerarius, 
u.  8. ;  and  after  manv  vicissitudes  in 
his  early  years,  of  which  his  Elegiac 
verses  in  the  Sylca  hereafter  named, 

"  (His  fama.  et  toto  aiquid  bene  cou- 
tigjt  a;vo. 
His  scripta  est  vitie  pagina  tota 
meae/') 

often  supply  the  direct  or  occasional 
narrative,  he  finally  settled  at  lleideU 
berft,  as  professor  of  Greek  literature 
in  the  University  there.  The  words  of 
his  son  Julius,  in  dedicating  his  Syl- 
varum  Libri  quinqw,  15G4.  (for  that 
was  a  posthumous  collection.)  appeal 
to  the  fact,  that  he  had  greatly  recom- 
mended himself  to  the  Electors  Pa- 
latine, cutH  publice  Utera*  Gretcat, 
turn  privatim  ^tiam  Latinat  doeendo. 

Besides  the  story  of  his  own  do- 
mestic life,  in  parts  pathetically  told, 
and  the  joys  or  sorrows  of  his  patrons 
and  friends  in  several  pieces  com- 
memorated, those  Stfha  contain  two 
poems  which  may  deserve  more  par- 
ticular df.Hcription. 

The  floderporiam,  consiating  of 
more  than  fj«K)  11  net,  r«lates  hi*  long 
journey,  wiUi  many  characteristic  in- 
cidcnU)  and  rctlcrtions.  from  Wittera- 


ber^  on  the  Elbe,  where  he  parted 
-ivitb  his  friend  the  good  Philip,  to 
Frankfort  on  the  Main.  It  was  writ- 
ten probably  in  tiie  year  1  fiSC  :  and  it 
expresses  with  a  classical  air  the  date 
of  the  journey  when  concluded. 

"  Seskta  calendarum,  quie  lux  est  dicta, 
Novembris, 
Ilia  dedit  finem  veraibua,  ilia  viae." 

By  Melancthon's  solicitation,  to 
whom  the  poem  was  originally  ad- 
dressed, 

"  Fortunamque  viic  quKris  tcmpusque, 
Philippe, 
Qualibus  et  ventis  nostra  sit  usa 
ratis," 

he  was  persuaded  to  publish  the  //o- 
da^)ijricon  ;  and  wc  trace  ita  first  ap- 
pearance in  a  link'  volume.  Farrago 
aliquut  Epi^aiHmatum  Philippi  Jt/e- 
lanctlumia  et  aliorum  quorumiam  rmdi- 
torum,  OputaUum  tame  eh-iians  et  iw- 
rum.     Haganox.  M.D.  XXV'III. 

Johanim  Reifenstein  (whose  name 
with  that  of  his  brothers  is  familiar  to 
the  pages  of  the  Sylta)  thus  intro- 
duces the  MSS.  to  SecPTiHt,  the 
printer.  Diu  apud  roe  retinui  quie- 
dam  epigrammata  a  Philippo  Melanc- 
thone  et  studiosis  quibusdam  ejus 
contubcrualibua  compo&ita.  qus  qui- 
dem  alioqui  peritura  erant,  nisi  mei 
cura  adservata  essent. 

In  this  Farrago  the  Hodceporieim 
first  appeared,  with  a  few  pages  of 
recommendation  from  MelanctboD  to 
a  young  man  of  rank.  Juttimiano  »b 
Hult:hau»en,  which  end  with  Ihis 
beautiful  compliment : 

Est  autem  Micylli  non  tantum  eru- 
ditio  digna  favore,  sed  mores  etiam 
sic  sunt  amabiles,  ut  ornare  enidi- 
tionem  queant.  Quorundam  morea 
officiunt  existimationi  literarum.  At 
Micylli  modestia  et  diligcntia  in  omni 
gencre  multo  cariores  reddere  litcraa 
omnibus  bonis  viria  possit.  PraxUre 
igitur  facies,  si  quam  familiariaaime 
doctissimum  bominem  complexus  fu- 
eris.  Nee  erit  inhonestum  tibi  nli 
poetanim  amicitid,  cum  in  Scipiooia 
et  Catonis  et  multorum  aliorttm  suro- 
morum  virurum  laudibus  hicc  quoque 
connumeretur,  quod  ducturum  et  po- 
etarum  conauctudine  Xi<\  sint.  Vale. 

The  second  of  the  Poems  alluded  to, 
in    the    S*fk«,    entitled,    Con/layratip 


I 
I 


1835.] 


Ou  the  Character  and  IVritings  ofMicyllus. 


S91 


Arci$  tettris  Heidelbergenais  ad  Joa- 
cAuM.  Camerariam,  and  consisting  of 
300  lines,  was  written  probably  about 
the  year  1530.  In  a  curious  work,  of 
which  it  forms  a  part,  published  at 
Basle  in  1541,  Opus  Historicum  circa 
CMet,  Arcea,  &c.  that  title  is  thus  ex- 
panded: Narratio  Stragia  Heidelber- 
genaii  edita  diajectd  turri  veteria  arcia 
ts  fwim  fabiuu  adactum  fuisaet,  expo- 
tita  Epiatold  Jacobi  MicyUi,  antepositd 
ttiam  Epiatold  Joachimi  Camerarii,  cut 
IticyUea  reapondet. 

Having  thus  demonstrated  the  high 
respect  and  kind  affection  entertained 
for  Micyllus  by  those  eminent  men, 
Camerarios  and  Melancthon,  let  me 
proceed  to  notice  the  Bibliotheca  Par- 
riama,  pp.  252 — 626,  where  that  learned 
Scholar,  though  he  does  not  over-esti- 
mate either  in  value  or  in  rarity,  the 
two  metrical  works  of  Micyllus,  yet 
betrays  a  much  slighter  acquaintance 
with  the  literary  history  to  which  they 
belong,  than  from  his  store  of  general 
emdition,  might  otherwise  be  sus- 
pected. 

Of  these  works  then,  in  such  copies, 
as  by  the  courtesy  of  certain  ministers 
of  the  muses  in  Pall-mall  and  Hen- 
rietta-street, I  have  seen  and  exa- 
mined, the  following  is  a  brief  but 
nifficient  description : 

1.  Ratio  Examinandorum  Vfrauum, 
ad  uaum  et  exercitationem  puerorum, 
jam  reeena  compoaita,  Authore  Jacobo 
MuyUo.  Francofurti,  1539-  To  Dr. 
Parr's  copy  of  this  liber  rariasimua, 
the  date  1535  is,  to  all  appearance, 
erroneously  attributed.  Along  with 
the  Ratio  Examinandorum,  &c.  in  the 
only  copy  which  I  have  seen,  there  is 
bound  up  an  ingenious  work,  itself 
perhaps  not  very  common.  Georgii 
Fabrinii  Chemnicenaia  de  Re  Poeticd 
lAbri  vii.  Lipsise.  M.  D.  LXXX.  In 
the  prefatory  verses,  Joanni  Sculteto 
Piranenai,  after  honourable  mention 
made  of  Hessos,  Sabinus,  Hutte- 
mjs,  for  their  skill  in  Latin  poetry, 
there  occurs  this  complimentary  dis- 
tich, 

"  Quicquid  ubique  fuit,   corpus  col- 
legit  in  unum 
llle  tui  nemoris,  Phoebe,  Micyllus, 
honor." 

(The  slight  error  in  prosody  here 
will  be  forgiven  by  those  ears,  at  any 
rate,  which  have  been  accustomed  to 


the  name  of  that  letter  betwixt  S  and 
n,  as  it  is  commonly  pronounced.) 

In  p.  803  of  Fabricius's  main  work, 
a  still  more  striking,  because  more 
distinct,  compliment  is  paid  to  Mi- 
cyllus's  memory. 

De  omnium  carminum  generibus 
scripserunt  accurate  nostrd  memorift 
vir  plane  optimus  Jacobus  Micyllus, 
et  praestantissimus  Ca:sar  Scaliger,  ad 
quos  adolescentes  studiosos  rejicio. 

2.  De  Re  Metricd  Libri  Trea  Jacobi 
Mieylli  Argentoratenaia  cum  Prtefatione 
PHIL.  MEL,  Francofort.  apud  Chr. 
Egen.  in  the  year  M.D.  XXXIX.  as  in 
the  last  page  it  is  dated. 

Not  only  the  preface  of  kind  and 
friendly  recommendation  is  here  given 
from  Melancthon 's  pen,  but  two  pages 
also  of  Elegiac  verse.  Ad  Adoleacentea 
Epigramma  Philippi  Melancthonia,  de- 
voted to  the  very  same  purpose.  The 
epistle  dedicatory  is  addressed  by  Mi- 
cyllus himself  to  Justinian  of  Holtz- 
hausen  already  mentioned,  in  the  year 
1539,  Senatori  Urbia  Franeoforten. 

The  date  of  Basil.  1535,  attached  to 
Dr.Parr's  copyof  this  vfork.cBib.Parr. 
p.  252)  under  these  circumstances  ap- 
pears quite  incomprehensible.  How 
the  error  originated,  I  have  no  means 
to  ascertain. 

The  next  edition,  the  only  one  which 
I  have  seen  after  that  of  1539,  has  the 
following  title : 

De  Re  Metricd  Libri  Trea,  per  Ja- 
eobum  Micyllum  Argentoratetiaem,  jam 
multo  castigativa  quam  antehac  in  lu- 
cem  editi,  cum  Prafatione  PHILIPPI 
Melon.  FRANC,  apud  Haer.  Chr. 
Ege.  M.  D.  LXI, 

CChr.  Ege.  means  Chriatianua  Ege~ 
nolphua.) 

In  this  edition,  equally  with  that  of 
1539,  there  appear  the  preface  and 
verses  of  Melancthon  and  the  epistle 
dedicatory  to  Justinian  from  the  pen 
of  Micyllus. 

I  remain,  Mr.  Urban, 
Yours,  &c. 

S.  P.  9  March,  1835.  J.  T. 


P.S.  Since  writing  the  above,  I  have 
again  consulted  Mr.  Bohn's  valuable 
stock  of  classical  books.  And  I  have 
there  seen  additional  proofs,  not  only 
of  the  learning  of  Micyllus,  but  of  the 
connection  of  his  name  as  a  fellow 
labouiec  v{\l\v\.\vo%«  qI  ^«iSii<««i\M^  vbA. 


Micyllm. — Explanation  of  the  term  "  Detar."  [April, 


Melancthon,  in  works  of  the  highest 
character  ;  of  all  which  ray  knowledge 
•was  very  imperfect  before, 

HoMBKt  opus  utrumque  Iliados  et 
Odyssoie,  dilij^cntl  oper&  Jacob!  Mi- 
cylii  et  Joachitri  Caracrarii  recog- 
nitum.  Porphvrii  HLilosophi  Home- 
ricaruro  Qusstionumliber,  ficc.  2voU. 
in  1  small  folio.  (Basilese).  la  offi- 
cina  Hervnginnft,     AnnoMUXLI. 

Uvixiii  MetamorphoMuiS  Libri  Quin- 
decim,  atm  Commenfariis  linphaclU  Bp- 
gii,  adjecfis  eliiim  Aunolaliunibui  Jncuhi 
Mirylli  nunc  priintim  in  lucem  eilifis,  &c. 
Basilea?,  per  Joan.  Hcrvagium.    J  543. 

In   a    page   suhsctpicnt  to  the   title 
this  singular  admonition  appears. 
Ad  Loctorem. 

Memineris,  studioee  Lector,  que- 
cuoque  in  hiscc  Metamorpboseoifl  Ra- 
phaelis  eDarrationibaa,  sub  Micylli 
nomine,  vel  signia  huju>madi  [  ]  sunt 
iflclnsa,  recens  a  Miicyllo  in  cotn- 
muaem  studiosorum  osum  es^eadjectu. 
Vale. 

Ovinii  Opirrn  tjvip  vncantur  yliua- 
ioriu  cum  duclontm  I'irorum  cimrni'n- 
tnriis.  Ilia  accpsaerunt  Jacobi  Mici/lli 
jtiiHotation^K  hnye  dorti.isimii'.  Ejus- 
dcm  Jacobi  Micylli  locorum  nliquot  ex 
Ondiaiid  Melamorphoai  Rclrartatio. 
ibid.  1549. — Ovidii  Fastarvm  Libri  vi. 
TVistium  v;  de  Panto  iiii,  in  Ibin,  cum 
commentttriig  doctias.  virom/u,  Hfc,  His 
nccfstei-uni  fndrrafiones  I'iti  jimrrba- 
chii,  Jacobi  Micylli  et  Ph.  Melanc- 
thonijf  jinnotationea  longr  doctimmer,  &c. 
ibid,  1550. — Altogether  3  vols,  in  2, 
folio, 

Burtnan  in  his  splendid  edition  of 
all  Ovid's  works  in  1727  hos  shewn 
himself  duely  sensible  of  Micyllus's 
merits  a&  a  commentator,  having  as- 
Btgned  a  large  share  in  the  Notis  Va- 
riorum to  those  annotations  w^hich 
bear  his  name.  In  that  edition.  Mi- 
cyllus's Prof  at  io  i»  Libros  Fattorum 
is  also  preserved  :  and  one  sentence  of 
it,  from  the  tone  of  mild  complaint 
which  it  expresses,  may  be  allowed  to 
tcrmioate  this  long  article  on  the  me- 
rits of  a  scholar,  who  for  his  great  ser- 
vices at  the  revival  of  learning,  de- 
serves a  much  higher  di<,tinctioa  than 
in  this  country  at  least  appears  to  have 
been  awarded. 

De  nic  fortussis,  ut  et  de  aliis  xooltis, 
wajore  cum  labore,  quam  imolumcnto, 
in  hoc  studioruni  genere  versalis,  pos- 
terior irttts  judieabit. 


Mr.  Uhbaw,  Feb.  12, 

YOUR  correspondent  J.  I.  p.  42, 
in  your  Number  for  January,  mentions 
an  item  contained  in  the  accounts  of 
St.  Giles'  pariah,  in  Oxford,  entitled, 
"  betars,"  or  "  betters."  This  item, 
he  remarks,  always  occurs  in  con- 
nexiun  with  wax,  or  grease,  for  a 
"  Judas  light."  This  he  conceives  to 
have  been  an  image  of  the  traitor, 
burnt  for  the  amusement  of  the  popu- 
lace, in  the  same  way  that  the  ancient 
mvhteries  were  exhibited.  He  states 
that  this  word  had  perplexed  the  an- 
tiquaries, and  that  even  Anthony  a- 
Witod  had  given  it  up ;  as,  says  he, 
"  Skinner's  Dictionary  hath  not  the 
word."  Your  correspondent  conjec- 
tures therefore  that  these  "  bctar»," 
or '"  betters,"  were  bitter  herbs  minded 
with  the  grease,  whose  "  ill  stench" 
arose  with  the  burning  of  the  figure. 
Now  the  smell  of  many  bitter  herbs  n 
fragrant  and  not  ofi'ensive,  aa  that  of 
rosemary  and  lavender ;  so  that,  if 
used  on  such  occasions,  they  must 
have  rafhcT  been  for  a  perfume  than  a 
stench,  1  appreliend,  however,  that 
the  meaning  uf  the  term  may  be  ascer- 
tained without  a  reasonable  doubt  re- 
maioing.  In  the  district  about  Old- 
ham, in  Lancashire,  the  phrase  among 
the  common  people  for  su{)plying  the 
fire  with  fuel,  is  to  "  beet  the  fire ;" 
and  had  your  correspondent  happened 
to  refer  to  Lye,  he  would  have  seen 
the  word  becan  explained  in  this  fcense. 
lie  has  "Betan  0f.  struere  focuia, 
focura  jam  deficientem  refovere,  ac 
d.'nuo  excitare."  In  the  i^gcs  1dk« 
that  entitled,  "  Dom  be  haren  ippnt, 
and  ^jeref,"  or  the  ordeal,  contains 
this  passage.  ••  Et  spargat  Presbyter 
aquaro  sanctam  super  illos  omnes,  ac 
quilibet  eorum  gustet  aquaio  sanctam, 
et  det  illis  omnibus  librum  oacutan- 
dum,  et  signet  eos  cruce  Christi, — 
nw  emendetvr  i(/nit  ampliut,  yvum  $a- 
lulatio  ineipit" — t  na  bete  nao  man 
f  frvf  nn  loen^e  )>.innc  man  ^a  hal- 
junjt?  onjtnne."  I  conceive,  there- 
fore, tliat,  by  a  very  usual  mode,  betar 
is  derived  from  becnn  ;  and  that  "  be- 
tars," or  "  beters,"  arc  pieces  of  wood 
or  coal  for  nmkin?  the  (ire;  very 
useful  mnttirrs  in  picparing  the  exhl- 
bition  of  burning  in  effigy  the  traitor 
Ju<las.     Your*,  ate.  Novinrii 


I 


i 


1835.] 


393 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


p 


fVandmngn  in  New  South  Wales,  Sa- 
tavia.  Pedir  Coatt,  Sumatra,  and 
China.  By  George  fieanctt,  Esq., 
3  vols.  1834. 

WITH    pleasure    and    instruction 
|liave  we  perused  these  volumes  of  a 

Ery  active  trat'eHeratid  well-tDformed 
l^naturalist :  and  seldom  have  we  j^atned 
from  any  modern  voyages  so  mtich 
iarormatioa    an    subjects    connected 

?ith  the  zoology  and  botany  of  dis- 
^tant  lands  :  but,  to  say  the  truths  we 
rdly  know  whether  Mr.  Bennett  has 
jivea  to  the  world  the  knowledge 
which  be  has  ao  diligently  collected, 
ID  the  best  and  most  convenient  form. 
He  hu  made  his  voyage  subservient  to 
the  pu  rposes  of  licieace  inthose  hranchea 
with  which  he  was  the  best  acquaint- 
ed :  and  he  has  juatly  disdained  to 
reader  it  attractive  by  the  low  details 
of  ordinary  events,  and  every-day  oc- 
currences. Would  it  not,  therefore, 
have  been  more  convenient  to  have 
arranged  his  book  in  a  diiTereut  form, 
#0  aa  to  present  the  botany  or  zoology 
of  each  country  in  £uch  a  manner  as 
could  be  viewed  at  once,  and  referred 
to  with  facJIrt)' :  At  any  rate,  a  co- 
pious index,  which  is  entirely  want- 
ing, bhould  have  accompanied  the 
work  :  and  which  might  be  extended 
in  the  next  edition,  into  u  sort  of  ta- 
bular synopsi'j  of  the  scientific  parts. 

1.  The  phosphoric  light  of  the 
ocean  in  tropical  regions  ari&e&fromtwo 
causes  :  either  the  marine  moHuacoua 
and  crustaceous  animal^i,  such  as  sal- 
pa,  pyrosoma,  cancer,  mcdusie  ;  or,  the 
dead  animal  matter  with  which  sea- 
water  is  usually  loaded.* 

'*  Perhaps  the  beauty  of  thLs  luminous 
eifect  is  seen  to  the  greatest  advAntage, 
irhen,  the  ship  Ijiing  in  a  baj  or  harbour^ 


•  Mr,  Bennett  succeeded  m  cajitiinng 
with  his  towing  net.  when  passini;  through 
a  pho>phore6cent  sboal,  a  frreat  number 
of  the  ^yrcuoma  AlUmticvm,  wliirb  ^bone 
with  K  bcautifal,  pale,  greenish  light ; 
also  the  phyilonama,  an  Kuinial  alUed  to 
Itptoctphalui,  and  several  crujtaceoas 
•pedes. 

Gknt.  Mao.  Vol.  111. 


in  tropical  cUmates.  the  water  around  htf 
the   appe&rance   of  a  sea   of  milk.     An 
opportunity    was   afforded  me   when    at 
C'ariti^   near  Manilla,    in    18.10,  of  wit- 
nessing for  the  lirat   time  this  beautifol 
scene.  As  far  as  the  eye  could  reach  on  tlia , 
ei  tensive  boy  of  Manilla,  the  surface  of 
the  traiicjuil  water  was  one  sheet  of  this 
liull,    pale     phosphonrstence,    and    bril- 
liant  flaalies  were  emitted  instantly  on  any 
heavy    body    being   cast  into   the  water, 
or  when   fish  sprang  from   it,  or  iwam 
about.      The   sliip   seemed,    on    looking 
aver  its  side,   to  be  anchored  in  a  sea  of 
liquid  phosphorus  ;  whilst  in  the  distance 
the  resemblance  was  that  of  an  ocean  of 
milk.    The  night  to  which  I  allude,  wlicn 
tbis    magniticent    appearance   presented 
itself  to  our  observation,  was  exceedingly 
dark,    which,    by  the   contrast,  gave  an 
incrcassed  sublimity  to  tht  scene.     The 
canopy    of    the    heavens  was    dark    oud 
gloomy,  not  even  the  glimuiering  of  a  star 
was  to  be   seen,  while  the  sea  of  hquid 
fire  east  deadly  pale  light  over  every  part 
of  the  vessel  i  her  masts,  yards,  and  bull ; 
the   tish,   meanwhile,  sporting   about   iu 
numbers,  varying  the  scene  by  the  brilliant 
flushes   they   emitted.      It   must  not  be 
conceived,    that   the  light    described   as 
brUhant,  and  like  to  a  sea  of  Uquid  fire, 
is  of  the  same  character  as  the  flashes 
produced  by  a  volcano,  or  by  lightning, 
or  by  meteors.     No;  it  is  the  light  of 
phosphoras  ;  pale,  dull,   approaching  to 
a  white,  or  very  pale  yellow;  casting  a 
melancholy  light  on  objects  orouad,  only 
emitting  Rushes  by  collision.    To  read  by 
it,  is  possible,  but  not  pleasant ;  and  on 
an  attempt  being  made,  it  is  almost  always 
found   that  the  eyes  will  not  endure   the 
peculiar  li^ht  for  any  length  of  time,  as 
head-ache  and  sickness  ore  accasioned  by 
it.     i  have  frequently  observed  at  Singa- 
pore,   that  although  the  tranquil  water 
exhibits  no    luminosity,  yet   when    dis- 
turbed by  the  jwssage  of  a  boat,  it  gives 
phosphoric  maner,  leaving  a  brilhant  hue 
in  the  boat^s  wake  ;  and  the  blades  of  the 
oars,  when  loosened  from  the  water,  seem 
to  be  dripping  with  liquid  phosphorus.'' 

2.  Mr.  Bennett  captured  several 
of  that  condor  of  the  sea,  tile  albatroat. 
by  means  uf  a  huoL  and  line,  baited 
with  fat  pork.  The  largest  species 
measured  fourteen  feet  from  tip  to  tip 
of  the  wing.  The  formation  of  the 
word  albatross  is  curious.  The  first 
Portuguese  navigators  called  boobies 


Revicv>% — Bennett's  New  Soutk  Wales. 


^ 


394 

and  other  sea-birds,  alcatroa.  Dam- 
pier  applied  the  word  to  a  particular 
kind :  Grew  changed  it  to  atbitresB ; 
and  Edwards  to  alhalresa,  The  French 
called  the  bird  "  niouton  de  cap." 
It  is  said  that  specimens  have  been  shot, 
the  expanded  wings  of  which  measured 
twenty  feet  across.  Cuvier  enume- 
rates five  species  of  tliis  bird  ;  but  is 
unable  to  ascertain  varietita  from 
tpeciti. 

3.     There  is  a  pecnliar  character  in 
the  vegetation  of  New  South  Wales  ; 
the  foliage  of  the  trees  having  a  dry 
appearance,    and    being  .destitute    of 
the   lustre  so  observable  in  those  of 
other  countries.     The  want  of  lustie 
is  attributed  by   Dr.    Brown    to    the 
equal  existence  of  cutunenwi  ylanJ^t  on 
both  avrfacet  of  the  U^f ;  and  another 
peculiarity  is,   the   trees   attaining  a 
great  elevation,   with  branches  only 
at  the   summit,   and  shedding  their 
bark  ;    some  of  the  trees  being  seen 
perfectly  decorticated,   and  appearing 
in  a  smooth  new  bark,  whilst  others 
have   the   outer    bark    not  yet   quite 
thrown     off,    but    hanging    in    large 
stripes  from  the  trunk,     'fhcse  pecu- 
liarities convey  to  us,  in  combination 
with  others,  drffereot  ideas  from  those 
formed  from  the  vegetation  of  other 
countries.     All  the  different  species  of 
the  eucalyptus  (the  blue  gum,  stringy 
bark,  box,  and  iron  bark,  mountain 
ash,   red,    spotted,  and    white   gum. 
corymbosa,  or  bastard  apple  tree)  pos- 
aeaa  this  dull  dark  foliage,  as  well  as 
the  casuarina,  a  forest  oak,  and  tris- 
tania  albicans,  or  turpentine  tree  :  but 
what  the  former  wants  in  beauty,  is 
compensated  by  some  valuable  quali- 
ties ;  for  it  is  supposed  that  a  finer 
aromatic  oil  ttian  the  famous  cajrpvt, 
could  be  extracted  from  them."     The 
gum-resin,  called    kino,   is  produced 
from  this  tree  and  a  tree  of  the  ptero- 
earpuf  genus.     The  cajaput  is  derived 
from     the     mclaleuca    Icucadeodron. 
{Knyn,  wood  ;  puii,  white.) 

4.  Mr.  Bennett  has  some  interest- 
ing observations  on  the  culture  of  the 
phonnium  tntax,  or  New  i^ealnnd  flax. 


*  The  dilTcrmt  trees  of  the  eacaljptas 
g«oua  ere  confused :  maoj  termed  tptctf/i 
■n  only  vorielies  ;  and  the  botaairal  cha. 
raotar  of  but  few  species  art  accunitclT 
knows. 


of  which  there  are  two  kinds,  indi- 
genous also  in  Norfolk  island ;  the 
ropes  made  of  it  are  much  in  use 
with  the  South-sea  whalers.  Captain 
G.  Harris,  the  member  for  Grimsby, 
has  been  manufacturing  ropes  and 
cables  of  this  plant,  and  instead  of  tar 
covering  them  with  gum,  or  caout- 
chouc :  thus  should  we  be.  in  case  of 
war,  independent  of  the  hemp  and 
tar  of  Russia.  The  price  of  hemp  per 
ton  is  38/. ;  of  New  Zealand  flax,  2S/. 
The  experiments  made  at  Woolwich 
on  their  comparative  strength  pro- 
duced the  following  results : 

].  4-inch-and-i  hemp  rope  broke 
at  3  tons  8  cwt.  lOlbs. ;  ?.  4-inch- 
and-^  New  Zealand  flax  broke  at 
5  tons  10  cwt. ;  3.  4'inch  hempen 
rope  with  coal  tar,  broke  at  3  tons 
7  cwt.  561b5. ;  4.  4-inch  New  Zea- 
land flax  with  gum,  broke  at  S  torn 
16  cwt.  70lb8. 

The  strongest  proof  is  thus  given  of 
ita  strength :  its  power,  however,  to 
resist  wet,  and  its  durability,  are  yet 
to  be  ascertained.  We  believe  it  to  be 
much  ubed  of  late  in  the  French  navy. 
The  plant  is  named  komdi  by  the  na- 
tives ;  and  when  the  flax  is  prepared, 
it  is  named  mvka  ;  besides  being  used 
for  cordage  of  the  best  varieties,  and 
selected  in  regard  to  the  floeness  of 
their  fibres,  and  proper  attention  be- 
stowed upon  the  cleaning — there  can 
he  no  doubt  but  it  cnold  be  employed  in 
the  manufacture  of  linen  of  a  very  fine 
quality ;  but  its  manufacture  at  pre- 
sent seems  to  be  in  an  imperfect  state. 
Before  we  close  our  account  of  Austra- 
Ha,  we  must  give  the  following  ac- 
count of  the  estimation  in  which  ita 
inhabitants  stand  in  the  Celestial  Em- 
pire : 

*'  A  ship  nrriving  at  China  from  Aa»> 
tralia,  the  comiuantler  when  asked  by  Ite 
Chinese  where  the  ship  came  from,  jo- 
cosely answered,  *  From  New  South 
Wale«,  where  all  the  Eni;li!ih  thin-cs  are 
srnt.*  The  inhabitant*  of  the  EiBptre, 
takinj;  the  joke  ^eriuu^y.  reported  this, 
■nd  every  other  shiji  *hii:h  writed  from 
that  ronDtry,  tn  the  Mnndarin,  *  as  tiiip 
from  Ihiefo  country  ;  otuf  thi^  captaia, 
thrre  thi^  iilRcrm;  twroty-fiTe  tki^ 
crew:'  and  when  the  Hooghly  arrHw 
with  the  late  Guv«rnar  of  Nr«  Sooll 
Walr»,  it  was  '  Ono  Ihirf^  vieerof  9 
tkif/a  roan  try,  with  acvMal  thitfn  at* 
(ea«Uata;    and  tlie /Afc/b  viceroy's 


I 

4 


Review. — BeuneiV^^m  South  Wah$. 


L 


landing  at  Macao,  was  not  even  reported. 
I  the  Mandarins." 


5.  At  Batavia  Mr.  BeuDett  was 
disappointed  in  the  flavour  of  the 
famouB  fruits  of  the  East. 

**  Our.-irter>diiiiier  display  disappointed 
me,  from  havicvg  heard  mentioned  so 
much  of  the  deticioaa  fraitii  of  Datavia, 
both  for  flavour  nnd  variety.  The  de«ert 
was  miiiemble.  The  nunbutam  (fruit  of 
the  uei^helium  eehinatuni)  or  hairy  fruit, 
(rambut  signifying  hniry)  and  Aonie  man- 
gooateeni,  were  good.  The  oranges  were 
insipid ;  and  the  sour-jtop  introduced 
from  the  West  Indies,  was  the  best  fruit 
on  the  table.  Indeed>  I  may  observe  with 
truth,  tliat  I  hardly  ta.sted  a  good  fruit 
daring  my  stay  at  Batavia,  except  the 
pine-apple  and  mangonsteen :  but  it 
seems  that  particular  fruits  arrive  at 
1>crfection  in  particular  districts  of  tlie 
island  of  Java.  The  far-famed  mangoos- 
teen  n  certainly  on  agreeable  fruit ;  but 
atill  I  cannot  joiu  the  various  writrrit  who 
have  lavished  such  praiaes  on  it.  It  may 
he  want  of  taste  in  me ;  and  probably  the 
fruit  will  still  retain  '  it»  luscious  tjua- 
litiea,  Burpasstui;  all  other  fruits  in  the 
world,  combining  the  excellence  of  the 
whole.'  But  1  must  candidly  confess 
that  I  am  not  so  great  an  admirer  of  this, 
or  other  tropical  fruits,  although  I  at  the 
i>ame  time  allow  many  to  have  excellent 
flavour  ;  yet  none  can  bear  comparison 
witli  the  delightful  acidulated  Euro- 
pean fruit ;  and  the  mangoosteen  i^  even, 
in  my  opinion,  boncAth  the  orange  or 
|iinc-app1e,  although  a  very  agreeable 
fruit." 

6.  There  are  few  parts  of  Mr,  Ben- 
nett's volunae  which  we  have  more  en- 
joyed than  his  account  of  Mr.  Beale'a 
splendid  museum  and  collection  of 
birds  and  plants  at  Macao.  Though 
we  felt  a  little  clouded  at  the  recollec- 
tion, of  how  few  among  the  thousands 
of  Europeans  who  reside  in  India, 
ercr  dedicate  their  minds  to  anything 
hut  the  mere  acquisition  of  money, 
and  the  hope  of  spending;  it  in 
vanity  on  their  return  to  England.  A 
aoperb  collection  of  the  birds  of  the 
East,  brought  from  all  countries,  is 
here  assembled  in  a  state  only  a  tittle 
short  of  their  native  liberty,  and  for 
the  first  time  in  our  lives  we  received 
a  most  iotcre'^ting  account  of  the 
Birdx  of  Puradisf  domesticated  (the 
Paradisea  apoda  of  Linnaus).  Beau- 
tiful indeed  mutt  it  he  !  for  Mr.  Ben- 
nett dcacribe*  the  varietv  a»  well  as  iu- 


conceivable  delicacy  of  its  plumage 
and  tints  ;  and  he  calls  it  '  an  aerial 
creation  of  fairy  form  decked  in  na- 
ture's most  delicate  and  beautiful  co- 
lours.* Thisbirdfaadbeenin  Mr.  Beale's 
possession  for  nine  years,  and  waa 
brought  from  the  island  of  Bouro,  one 
of  the  Molucca  group.  The  Portu- 
guese  call  these  birds  '  Passaros  da 
Sol,'  birds  of  the  Sun  ;  and  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Ternate,  '  Manuco  dewata/ 
the  bird  of  God. 

"  For  the  delicacy  and  harmony  of  the 
arrangement  of  its  colour,  as  well  as  iti 
remarkably  light  and  delicate  appearance^ 
it  might  well  be  named  the  bird  of  the 
Sun,  or  of  Paradise,  for  it  surpaasea  in 
beauty  the  whole  of  the  feathered  crea- 
tion, apptianug  more  like  a  celestial  in. 
habitant  than  one  of  earth.  This  elegant 
creature  has  a  light,  playful,  and  graceful 
manner,  with  an  arch  and  impudent  look, 
dances  about  when  a  visitor  approaches 
the  cage,  and  seems  delighted  at  being  ! 
made  an  object  of  admiration.  It  rarelj 
alights  on  the  ground,  and  so  proud  is  the 
creature  of  its  elegant  drccs,  that  it  never 
permits  a  soil  to  remain  on  it,  and  it  may 
frequently  be  seen  fpreading  out  its  wings 
and  feathers,  and  regarding  its  splendid 
self  in  every  direction,  to  observe  whether 
the  whole  of  its  plumage  is  in  an  un- 
fiullied  coniiition.  One  of  the  beat  oppor- 
tunities of  seeing  this  splendid  bird  in  all 
its  beauty  of  action,  oa  well  as  diitjday  of 

Clumage,  is  early  in  the  morning,  when 
e  males  his  toilet.  The  beautiful  tu- 
bular plumage  is  then  thrown  out  and 
cleaned  from  any  spot  that  i&ay  sully  its 

Iturity,  by  being  passed  gently  through  the 
»ill.  The  short  chocolate-coloured  wings 
are  extended  to  the  utmost,  and  he  keeps 
them  in  a  steady  ilappiug  motion,  as  if  m 
imitation  of  their  use  in  flight,  at  the  same 
time  raising  up  the  delicate  long  feathers 
over  the  back,  which  are  spread  in  • 
chaste  and  elegant  manner,  floating  like 
fibres  in  the  ambient  air.  In  this  posi- 
tion the  bird  will  remain  for  a  short 
time,  seemingly  jfroud  of  its  heavenlT 
beauty,  and  in  ra])tures  of  delight  with 
its  most  enchanting  self.  It  will  then 
assume  various  attitudes,  so  as  to  regard 
its  plumage  in  every  direction.  I  never 
yet  beheld  a  soil  on  its  feathers.  Having 
rnmpletcd  its  toilet,  he  utters  the  usuu 
cawing  notes,  at  the  same  time  looking 
anxiously  on  the  spectators,  as  if  ready 
to  receive  all  the  admiration  that  it  con- 
siders its  elegant  form  and  display  of 
plumage  demands.  It  then  takes  exer- 
cise by  hopping  in  a  rapid  and  gr&cefiil 
manner  from  one  end  of  the  upper  |>erch 
to  tlie  other,  and  deaccnds  suddenly  u^a 


396 


Rkyikw. — ^Bennett's  New  Soutk  Wakt. 


[AprU, 


the  second  perch,  dote  to  the  ban  of  the 
cage,  looking  oat  for  the  grasshoppers 
which  it  is  acenstomed  to  receive  at  this 
time.  Its  food  in  confinement  is  boiled 
|fee,  with  soft  egg,  together  with  plan> 
tain,  and  living  insects  of  the  grasshopper 
tribe." 

7.  We  once  had  an  opportanity  of 
seeing  at  Windsor  a  few  of  the  dwarf 
trte$  of  China ;  one  in  particular  of 
perhaps  a  foot  and  a  half  high,  resem- 
bled a  very  ancient  elm ;  in  the  knot- 
tiness  and  roughness  of  its  bark,  the 
peculiar  formation  of  its  arms,  and  in 
Its  whole  growth  and  appearance,  it 
might  well  have  been  supposed  to 
have  seen  two  centuries.  It  was  in  a 
tolerably  sized  garden  pot.  Mr.  Ben- 
nett gives  us  some  account,  though 
not  so  full  as  we  could  have  wished, 
of  the  manner  in  which  the  ingenious 
people  of  the  Celestial  Empire,  manu- 
facture these  Lilliputian  monsters. 

"  The  dwarf  trees  are  certainly  one  of 
the  curiosities  of  the  vegetable  kingdom 
of  China,  being  a  joint  prodaction  of 
nature  and  art.    They  are  very  small, 

£  laced  in  pots  of  various  kinds,  npon  the 
■cks  of  earthenware  buffaloes,  troga, 
towers,  and  rock  work,  which  constitute 
the  Chinese  taste  in  what  these  people 
would  be  pleased  to  term  ornamental  gar- 
dening. The  plants  have  all  the  growth 
and  appearance  of  an  antiquated  tree, 
but  of  an  exceedingly  diminutive  size. 
Elms,  bamboos,  and  odier  trees  are  treat- 
ed in  this  manner,  and  are  abundant  in 
the  nursery  gardens  about  Canton  and 
Macao,  lliey  are  produced  from  young 
healthy  branches,  selected  ttova  a  large 
tree,  which  being  decorticated  andsmear»i 
with  a  mixture  of  clay  and  chopped  straw, 
as  soon  as  they  give  out  roots,  are  cut  off 
and  transplanted  ;  the  branches  are  then 
tied  in  the  various  forms  required,  so  as 
to  oblige  them  to  grow  in  particular  posi- 
tions ;  and  many  other  methods  are 
adopted  to  confine  and  prevent  the  spread- 
ing of  the  root.  The  stems,  or  perhaps 
they  might  rather  be  termed  trunks,  are 
smeared  with  sugar,  and  holes  are  bored 
in  them  in  which  sugar  is  always  placed, 
to  attract  the  ants,  who,  eating  about  it, 
give  the  trunk  an  appearance  of  age.  I 
saw  at  Mr.  Beale's  a  number  of  dwarf 
trees,  which  have  been  in  his  possession 
nearly  40  years,  and  the  only  operation 
performed  to  keep  them  in  that  peculiar 
carious  state,  is  to  clip  the  sprigs  that 
may  sprout  out  too  luxuriantly.  As  far 
as  gardening,  or  laying  oat  a  ganlen  is 
concerned,  these  people  possess  anything 


ybnt  the  idea  of  beaaty  or  true  taste, 
neither  being  in  the  least  degree  attended 
to  in  the  arrangement  of  &eir  gardens. 
Every  thing  beus  the  semblance  of  be- 
ing stiff,  awkward,  and  perfectly  unna- 
tural. To  desert  nature  a  Chinese 
seems  to  consider  the  attainment  of  per- 
fection."* 

The  Chinese  have  a  book  on  Botany 
in  forty  volumes,  called  Kwamg  Ktmw, 
ftmg,  pao,  which  treats  so  largely 
and  minutely  on  the  subject  of  ihe 
tea  plant,  as  hardly  to  be  intelligible 
to  us.  It  appears  that  there  are  many 
varieties  totally  unknown  to  Euro- 
peans ;  and  that  the  $oil  is  of  as  much 
consequence  to  the  tea-plant,  as  to  the 
vine.  The  above  book  mentions  every 
hill  where  good  tea  grows.  Fokein  pro- 
vince is  the  richest  tea  province,  bat 
it  grows  more  or  less  on  all  the  pro- 
viuces  except  the  northern  ones.  There 
exist  many  varieties  as  well  as  spe- 
cies. It  appears  that  our  knowledge 
on  the  subject  of  the  Tea  plant  ia  very 
imperfect  and  superficial.  We  belicTe, 
out  of  the  thirteen  provinces  of  China, 
eight  produce  tea,  the  other  five  none. 
The  plant  will  notgrow  in  Pekio;  andwe 
have  heard  that  it  will  only  grow  where 
rice  grows,  as  it  loves  moist  ground. 
We  adso  believe  the  Green  and  Bohea 
to  be  one  and  the  same  species,  and 
that  the  culture,  the  nature  of  the 
soil,  and  the  method  of  gathering  and 
drying  the  leaves,  make  all  the  differ- 
ence. 

And  thus  we  close  oar  observations 
on  a  book  which  does  infinite  oredit 
to  the  zeal  and  knowledge  of  the  au> 
thor.  Occasionally  the  style  is  not  so 
finished  _  as  it  might  he,  and  some 
observations  are  repeated  almost  in  the 

*  Who  does  not  remember  Mason's  ad* 
mirable  lines  on  this  subject : 
Nor  rest  we  here ;  but  at  our  magic  call 
Monkeys  shall  climb  our  trees,  and  lizards 

crawl. 
Huge  dogs  of  Hbet  bark  in  yonder  grove, 
Here    parrots   prate,  there    cats    make 

cruel  love. 
In  some  fair  island  will  we  turn  to  grass. 
With  the  Queen's  leave,  her  elephant 

and  ass. 
Giants  from  Africa  shall  guard  the  glades. 
Where  hiss  our  snakes,  where  sport  omr 

Tartar-maids ; 
Or  wanting  these,  from  Charlotte  Hayes 

we  bring, 
Damsels  alikeadroit»' 


1835.3 


Rbview. — ^Jacquemont's  Letters  from  India. 


397 


same'  words,  as  if  extracted  eurrente 
calamo  fh>m  the  journal ;  bat  these  are 
slight  blemishes,  and  we  hope  the 
Tolomes  will  be  republished  with  co- 
pious indexes  and  tables,  particularly 
of  the  Botanical  part. 

Latere  from  India .   By  Victor  Jacque- 
mont.  2vo2t.  1834. 

'  TO  the  vanity  and  impudence  of  a 
Frenchman  there  are  no  assignable 
bounds  :' — if  we  were  not  fully  assur- 
ed of  this  before,  M.  Victor  Jacqne- 
mont  has  now  placed  it  beyond  a  pos- 
sibility of  doubt!  This  gentleman 
went  out  to  India  as  a  travelling  Na- 
tundist  to  the  Museum  of  Natural 
History  at  Paris;  but  the  readers  of 
his  book  will  be  disappointed  if  they 
expect  to  find  any  scientific  disquisi- 
tions, any  accounts  of  art,  or  pleasing 
descriptionsof  nature  in  it.  We  really 
speak  within  the  strictest  circle  of 
truth,  when  we  say,  that  there  is  not 
one  single  atom  of  information  from 
the  beginning  of  these  volumes  to  their 
termination.  Vanity,  egotism  of  the 
most  laughable  kind,  profaneness, 
indecency,*  absurdity,  and  ignorance 
are  the  inseparable  companions  of  Mr. 
Jacquemont's  journey.  What  his  zoo- 
logical or  botanical  collections  may 
have  been  we  are  unable  to  say ;  but 
as  he  has  sunk  the  naturalist  in  these 
volumes,  he  appears,  in  his  civil  and 
social  character,  the  man  of  conversa- 
tion, reflection,  and  observation ;  the 
sensible  companion,  the  polished  gen- 
tleman, the  agreeable  friend.  Such 
are  Mr.  Jacquemont's  pretensions, 
which  he  reminds  us  of  in  every  page ; 
how  well  he  has  maintained  them,  we 
shall  not  long  be  in  doubt. 

M.  Victor  Jacquemont  set  out  on  a 
long  expedition  to  India,  to  explore 
those  regions  which  had  hitherto  been 
remote  from  the  observations  of  the 
naturalist.  As  he  calculated  to  remain 
several  years  abroad,  we  may  presume 
that  he  took  with  him  an  useful  and 
scientific  library  in  a  small  compass. 
One  may  judge  of  a  man,  it  is  said,  by 
the  choice  of  his  friends ;  so  will  his 
collection  of  books  be  no  imperfect 

•  Of  his  gross  indecency,  in  writii»g  to 
his  father  even  what  any  one  man  woold 
be  ashamed  to  mention  to  another,  see 
vol.1,  p.  391. 


index  of  his  mind.  The  following 
were  in  our  traveller's  trunk : — ^three 
small  volumes  of  Catullus,  Tibullus, 
Propertius,  in  Latin,  Moore's  Lalla 
Rookh,*  and  Tristram  Shandy.  Sjich 
are  the  books  that  were  to  beguile 
a  six  months'  voyage,  and  a  four  years' 
expedition.  What  they  taught  him 
we  think  will  be  best  seen  by  our  ex- 
tracting some  of  his'  observations  on 
men  and  things  as  they  occur:  our 
readers  can  supply  the  commentary. 

1.  Of  our  most  enterprising,  inde- 
fatigable, and  learned  botanist.  Dr. 
WalUch,  the  superintendent  of  the 
Botanic  Garden  at  Calcutta,  he  ob- 
serves : 

"  ADuiish.hotsaist,o{  mediocretalents, 
who  passes  here  for  the  first  in  the  world, 
is  the  director  of  this  establishment ;  he 
has  certainly  the  best  income  of  any 
savant  in  existence.  In  Hx  week*  I  have 
tcraped  aeqttaintanee  with  the  whole  vege- 
table hott  of  India  !  I  have  discovered 
that  I  possess  a  talent  of  which  I  was  not 
aware,  that  qf  drawing.  Astonished  at 
my  success  in  plants,  I  tried  the  human 
figure,  and  here  my  surprise  was  still 
greater,  each  head  eott  me  10  minutee. 
I  shall  bring  back  tome  hundrede,'*  ifc. 

2.  At  Calcutta,  Sir  Charles  Grey, 
the  Chief  Justice,  with  great  good 
nature  and  hospitality,  received  M. 
Victor  to  his  table,  &c.  In  return  for 
this,  he  says, 

"  I  found  Lady  Grey  so  beaatiAd,  al- 
though she  is  really  not  so,  that  it  was 
very  well  done  on  the  part  qf  Mr,  Pear- 
eon  to  recal  me.  I  have  always  been  very 
much  disposed  to  think  Lady  Grey  hand- 
some, graceful,  amiable ;  I  setting  the  thing 
a  going,  we  began  to  be  affected,  &c. 
. . "  She  was  very  beautiful  that  evening, 
and  thinking  of  the  fools  who  formed  the 
crowd  around  her,  I  had  the  weakness  to 
rejoice  at  her  beauty.  I  am  perhaps  too 
great  an  admirer  of  the  foretold  lady,  and 
it  is  high  time  for  me  to  depart  with  the 
occasions  of  meeting  her  after."  Again,  "I 
felt  so  disposed  to  become  too  great  an 
admirer  of  Lady  G — ,  that  it  was  better 
that  our  fine  projects  of  November  should 
be  reduced  to  this  journey  of  the  Knight's 
(without  her)." 

3.  Lord  William  Bentinck,  the  Go- 
vernor-general, and  his  Lady,  also  re- 
ceived Mr.  Jacquemont,  unsuspecting 

*  In  due  time  he  quarrels  with  Lalla 
Rookh.  '  Thomas  Moore  is  not  only  a 
perfumer,  but  a  liar  to  boot,'  &c. 


RsviKW.— JacqueiDout's  Letten  from  India.  [April, 


398 

that  the  travelling  naturalist  might  not 
prove  a  travelling  gentleman. 

**  However  (he  says)  they  were  pleased 
with  my  want  of  pretension,  my  genuine 
simplicity  and  unaffected  manners." 

We  have  no  dnubt  of  this,  for  we 
have  an  account  of  his  first  conversa- 
tion with  Lady  William  in  the  follow- 
ing words : 

"  I  spent  several  long  days  with  her 
tite-h-tite,  talking  about  God — she  for, 
lagaifut—oi  Rossini,  painting,  Mad.  de 
Stael,  of  happiness  and  misery,  and  of 
love ;  of  all  things  in  short  which  require 
a  great  deal  of  confidence  and  reciprocal 
return,  especially  on  the  part  of  a  woman 
— English  too,  religious  and  strict,  with 
a  young  man,  a  batchelor,  and  a  French- 
man. We  never  conversed  on  insignifi- 
cant matters.  I  chatted  with  Lady  Wil- 
Ham  in  French,  on  art,  literature,  paint- 
ing,  and  music,  while  I  answered,  in  a  re- 
gidar  English  ipeech,  the  questions  put  by 
her  husband  on  French  politics ! "  * 

Of  the  English  ladies  he  thus 
speaks: 

"  I  must  confess  to  you  that  I  have 
not  spoken  to  three  young  ladiM;  they 
are  in  every  respect  the  most  insignificant 
in  the  world.  Besides,  I  have  alwajrs 
found  them  siHy  in  every  country.  The 
young  ladies  of  the  more  opulent  classes 
that  I  have  had  occasion  to  meet,  are  still 
more  insignificant  than  those  of  any  other 
country." 

However,  we  think  we  have  disco- 
vered the  cause  of  these  ladies  being 
so  silent  and  insignificant  when  M. 
Victor  appeared,  considering  they  are 
sarrounded  with  the  elite  of  English 
society — for  he  is  described  as  a  black' 
looking  figwrt,  $u  feet  two  inehea  high, 
with  no  whitken,  but  long  red  muttaehiot, 
long  hair,  blue  apectaele$,  and  a  drea$ 
ha\f  European,  ha\f  Atiatic,  having  a 
black  coat,  and  a  gown  qf  worfced 
mutlin!!.' 

4.  Of  Bishop  Heber's  admirable 
book  on  India,  it  is  observed  : 

"  Perhaps  the  two  quarto  volumes  of 
Dr.  Heber  might  amuse   you  more ;  bat 

♦  He  says,  "  Lord  W.  Bentinck  au- 
thorized the  resideht  to  do  for  me  what 
had  been  invariably  refused  to  every  British 
officer  who  has  made  similar  requests." 
We  really  pity  M.  Victor's  correspon- 
dents, who  are  oondeaiaed  to  fwaUovrach 
gasconadiw 


they  would  give  yen  verjf  little  infanm 
tion:  it  it  r^uUr  milk  and  water  I " 

We  believe  the  reason  of  M.  Vic- 
tor's dislike  to  the  Bishop's  book  it 
will  not  be  difficult  to  guess  :  we  shall 
come  to  it  soon.     He  says, 

"  The  public  take  me  for  a  very 
saintly  Christian.  When  I  am  reading 
it  is  always  a  Prayer-book — this  is  good 
policy!" 

An  officer  made  him  a  present  of  a 
Bible. 

"  As  I  was  travelling  on  foot,  the  very 
compact  Bible  of  this  friendly  sealot 
felt  very  heavy  in  my  pocket  I  soon 
gave  it  in  charge  to  miy  Secretary,  lliis 
descendant  of  the  Prophet,  caring  litUa 
for  the  divine  work,  put  it  into  the  geolo- 
gical bag  along  with  the  ttonet  and  ham- 
meri.'  '  Lord  William  Bentinck  always 
halts  on  the  Sunday — because  God  Al- 
mighty, they  say,  rested  on  that  day." 

Lastly  (for  we  are  sick  of  the  im- 
pious foolery  of  this  empty  puppy), 

''Bramah  played  Buddha  in  the  east 
the  same  scurvy  trick  that  Jeama  Clb>M 
played  Jupiter  if  Co.  in  the  mmterm 
world  1800  years  ago." 

Theology  healways  calls  'nonsense,' 
and  his  expressions  at  vol.iL  p.  344* 
are  too  revolting  to  extract.  ^ 

5.  M.  Victor  never  could  leam  eren 
the  elements  of  any  of  the  languages 
in  India,  so  indispensable  to  a  scien- 
tific traveller.  Pertian  he  despised — 
Hindoetanee  he  despised  more — and  of 
Sanaerit  he  thus  speaks ; 

"  The  Sanscrit  will  lead  to  nothing  bat 
Sanscrit.  It  has  served  only  for  the  ma- 
nufacture of  Theology,  and  other  t/igf 
^  the  mane  kind,  triple  nonsense  for 
uie  makers  and  consumers,  and  for 
foreign  consumers  especially — nonsenses: 
l-  llie  Arabic  is  not  exempt  from  diese 
evils  I  '  The  Sanscrit  is  horribly  difficoU, 
and  the  system  of  compounding  on  words.' 
Now  the  secret  is  out  1  As  for  Peraia», 
my  contempt  for  that  language  is  an- 
bounded.  Hafix,  Jadi,  and  other  inupi4 
and  tiresome  poems." 

6.  In  crossing  the  great  Himalaya 
range,  M.  Victor,  with  the  silly 
bravado  of  a  Frenchman,  pushed  on 
beyond  the  proper  boundaries  into  the 
Tibetian country,  and  found  his  passage 
opposed  by  the  Chinese  local  authori- 
ties, who  behaved  with  extraordinary 
good  breeding  and  indulgence  towards 
one  who  defended  his  impudence  by 


1835.] 


RRYiKW.-^SwaioBon  on  Natural  History. 


399 


the  grosaest  insults :  and  this  he  calls 
*  "Mdng  a  mwk  higher  ground  with  the 
Ewiperor  of  China.'  Again,  when  ap- 
proaching Cashmere,  which  he  was 
enabled  to  visit  by  the  kindness  of  the 
Grovernor-generars  fntroduction,  he 
Mys,  '  I  shall  take  very  high  grounds 
even  with  the  King  of  Lahore,'  &c. 

7.  When  the  newsof  the  late  French 
Revolation  reached  him,  he  says  he 
was  at  a  large  military  station  :  '  my 
host,  who  was  a  cavalry  Colonel,  and 
the  only  one  of  hia  regiment  that  escaped 
at  Waterloo,  not  voithout  a  ball  through 
hii  body,  wept  for  joy  as  he  embraced 
Mt.'  Verily,  if  the  Colonel  was  fool 
enough  to  act  as  M.  Victor  describes, 
we  wish  he  had  gone  with  his  regi- 
ment; bat  we  should  like  to  know 
what  regiment  this  was,  that  was  alto- 
gether missing,  in  the  official  returns 
of  thekiUed] 

It  is  only  necessary  to  add,  that 
even  his  own  countrymen,  if  they 
cross  the  path  of  M.  Jacquemont's 
fame,  fall  equally  under  his  disap- 
probation. Humboldt  he  evidently  looks 
down  on,  and  speaks  of  him  in  the 
most  slighting  terms,  as  '  one  liv- 
ing on  the  sources  of  his  American 
reputation :'  again,  '  I  think  the  state- 
ment of  my  own,  will  render  M.  Hum- 
boldt'e  statements  very 'doubtful ;'  while 
his  own  imperfections  he  skilfully 
turns  to  his  advantage.  His  know- 
ledge of  English,  of  which  he  boasted, 
seems  to  have  suddenly  forsaken  him, 
and  he  wisely  gave  up  using  that  lan- 
^age,  though  he  says — '  My  English 
IS  English  apart,  which  from  not  being 
perfect  is  not  the  less  good.'  Good  it 
may  be,  we  grant,  for  the  obscurity 
which  it  throws  around  some  of  his 
propositions,  is  a  better  service  to 
render  them,  than  if  it  represented 
them  in  pellucid  clearness ;  as  the 
following : 

"  The  Trinity  translated  into  good 
French,  is  not  so  clear,  but  that  the  in- 
terference of  Brahminic  fables  with  the 
planetary,  motions  and  principles  of  phy- 
sics, complicates  the  understanding  of  it 
with  singiilar  difficulties." 

It  is  only  necessary  to  add,  that  this 
gentleman  died  at  Bombay  in  De- 
cember 1832,  but  over  his  last  hour 
we  shall  draw  the  veil  of  silence  and 
charity.  What  contributions  be  may 
have  made  to  scientific  knowledge,  or 


what  stores  he  may  have  collected  and 
sent  home,  we  are  ignorant ;  but  we 
hope  there  was  something  to  be  found 
in  some  remote  corner  of  his  mind, 
which  may  not  altogether  leave  his 
memory  to  the  mercy  of  this  wretched 
publication ! 

Discourse  on  tlie  Study  of  Natural  His- 
tory,  by  W.  Swainson,  Esq.  (Lard- 
ner's  Cyclopedia.) 

WE  hope  to  be  able,  in  some  future 
number,  to  give  a  detailed  account  of 
some  portions  of  this  interesting  and 
well -executed  volume,  but  we  shall 
wait  for  the  appearance  of  the  next 
part  of  the  work,  which  will  include 
the  principles  of  classification  in  zoo- 
logy and  the  natural  system.  Mr. 
Swainson  is  both  a  philosophical  and 
practical  naturalist,  and  we  look  for- 
ward to  the  volume  he  has  promised, 
as  likely  to  afford  something  more 
than  the  entertainment  which  lies  on 
the  glittering  surface  of  the  popular 
treatises  got  up  for  the  amateur  pa- 
trons of  the  Zoological  Gardens.  We 
now  make  a  few  practical  remarks  on 
passages  as  they  occur. 

At  p.  146,  Mr.  Swainson  blames  the 
country  gentlemen  and  their  keepers, 
for  destroying,  as  mischievous  and  in- 
jurious, the  jay,  the  woodpecker,  and 
the  squirrel,  three  of  the  most  elegant 
and  ancient  inhabitants  of  our  woods  : 
"  These  peaceful  denizens  of  our  woods 
are  destroyed  and  exterminated,  from 
sheer  ignorance  of  the  most  unques- 
tionable facts  in  their  history.  The  jay 
is  said  to  suck  eggs,  but  this  is  never 
done,  except  in  a  scarcity  of  insect  food, 
which  rarely  or  ever  happens.  The  wood- 
pecker lives  entirely  on  those  insects 
which  destroy  trees,  and  is  therefore  one 
of  the  most  efficient  preservers  of  onr 
plantations  ;  while  the  squirrel  feeds  ex- 
clusively on  fruits  and  nuts.  To  sup- 
pose that  either  of  these  are  prejudicial 
to  the  eggs,  the  young  partridges,  and 
pheasants,  would  he  just  as  reasonable  as 
to  believe  that  goat-suckers  milked  cows, 
or  that  hedgehogs  devoured  poultry." 

Now  the  error  in  two  points  out  of 
the  three  here  advanced,  is  in  exact 
proportion  to  the  confidence  with 
which  they  are  stated.  We  will  inform 
Mr.  Swainson,  that  the  jay  is  a  very 
destructive  and  cunning  bird,  and 
what  we  now  mention  is  the  result  of 
our  own  observation.     It  sucks  the 


400 


Reyiew. — Swainson  on  Natural  History, 


[April, 


eggs  of  the  partridge  and  pheasant, 
and  other  birds,  wherever  it  can  get 
them,  and  is  always  on  the  look-out 
for  them  in  the  season  :  *  we  have  re- 
peatedly trapped  them  with  that  bait. 
2ndly.  It  will  destroy  the  young 
birds :  it  saw  him  this  last  spring 
pounce  down  from  a  fir-tree  on  some 
young  chaffinches,  and  carry  off  one. 
3rdly.  It  is  exceedingly  destructive  to 
the  garden,  particularly  to  peas  and 
beans;  it  will  collect  four  or  five 
pods  together,  and  carry  them  off  into 
the  next  plantation,  and  in  a  very  few 
minutes  will  re- appear  for  the  second 
course.  Peas  and  beans  not  being 
discoverable  at  present ;  within  a  very 
few  yards  of  the  spot  in  which  we  are 
writing,  the  jays  are  extremely  busy 
in  stripping  all  the  ilexes  of  their 
acoms,  which  we  had  reserved  for 
ourselves.  With  regard  to  the  wood- 
pecker, long  may  he  live,  and,  in  spite 
of  Baffon  1  happy  may  he  be ;  if 
he  would  not  make  such  large  and  un- 
seemly holes  in  our  garden-turf,  in 
his  search  after  grubs  and  beetles; 
which  is  the  extent  of  the  mis- 
chief he  effects.  As  for  the  squir- 
rel, he  takes  a  most  immoderate  tithe 
of  our  peaches  and  figs ;  coming  down 
from  a  neighbouring  thicket,  traversing 
the  top  of  the  wall,  and  descending 
wherever  a  black  luscious  Ischia  fig,  or 
a  fine  sunny  nectarine  invites  his  tooth. 
We  catch  him,  however,  with  a  rat-trap 
placed  on  the  wall,  and  bated  with  any 
of  Pomona's  produce.  But  the  squirrel 
must  be  found  guilty,  on  a  second  trial, 
of  making  havoc  among  the  fir-trees. 
He  not  only  eats  the  seeds  from  the  cone, 
but  in  the  spring  he  bites  off  the  young 
shoots  of  the  tree  to  such  an  extent, 
that  we  have  seen  the  ground  com- 
pletely covered  with  the  severed  shoots, 
about  an  inch  long ;  and  if  squirrels 
were  permitted  to  multiply  uncontrolled 
in  a  fir.  plantation,  if  they  did  notutterly 
destroy  it,  they  would  retard  its  growth, 
and  injure  its  beauty.  In  the  autumn 
the  beech  is  their  favourite  tree,  where 

*  We  saw  a  young  jay  in  the  Zoolo- 
gical Gardens  last  summer,  iHw  warUad 
a  soft  sweet  kind  at  onderH 
opening  its  bill,  lika  a^ 
robin.  We  listav^ 
an  hooTr  d«i 


keer 
At 


they  sit  shelling  the  nuts  and  droppmg 
the  husks  at  leisure.  We  do  not  be- 
lieve, with  Mr.  Swainson,  that  game- 
keepers are  wantonly  cruel,  or  pro- 
miscuously slaughter  animals  of  every 
description ;  the  barn-door,  or  the 
arms  of  the  old  oak  that  spreads  its 
shade  over  the  kennel,  will  shew 
the  description  of  vermin  destroyed, 
which  in  the  county  in  which  we 
write,  consist  of  the  hawks,  brown 
owl,  carrion-crow,  magpie,  jay,  do- 
mestic cat,  pole- cat.  stoat,  ^easel. 
Seldom  any  other  animal  is  to  be  seen, 
except  the  hedge-hog ;  which  is  not  ta- 
teHtionally  caught,  but  which  is  too 
much  inclined,  for  its  own  advantage, 
to  make  inquiries  as  to  the  nature  (^ 
the  provision  which  the  keepers  have 
set  for  the  vermin,  and  thus  falls  a  mar- 
tyr to  its  curiosity.  The  martin-cat 
is  very  rare ;  the  last  in  our  net^- 
bourhood  was  killed  by  the  wood- 
cutters, who  discovered  it  in  the  nest 
of  a  magpie  on  an  oak.  The  ex- 
istence of  an  animal  smaller  than  the 
weasel,  and  distinct  from  it,  p*— iftg 
under  the  name  of  the  '  mouaebant*  in 
Norfolk,  and  the  '  cane'  in  Hampshire, 
is  universally  maintained  by  the  labour- 
ing people ;  but  we  have  never  been 
able  to  procure  »  specimen,  and  we  do 
not  believe  in  its  existence,  more  than 
Mr.  Swainson  does  in  that  of  Uie  tor- 
pid and  rock-bound  toad. 

"  Perhaps  (he  says)  the  most  invetemte 
of  all  these  sorts  of  prejudice,  is  that  whidk 
induces  people  to  believe  diat  Jr^  ffj 
and  toads  can  live  for  centuries  in  bloda 
of  marble  impervious  to  air,  and  of  course 
to  food.    We  are  so  repeatedly  assured 
of  this  fact  by  writers  in  newspapers  and 
periodicals,  wherein  all  the  circumstances, 
with  names  and  dates,  are  given,  that  no- 
thing but  an  actual  series  of  experiments 
could  demonstrate  the  truth  or  falsehood 
of  such  an  alleged  departure  from  the 
known  laws  of  nature.   Such  experiments 
have  accordingly  been  made,  and  the  re- 
sults have  been  just  what  might   have 
been  expected  by  any  one  accustomed  to 
induction  and  aludogical  reasoning.    Yet, 
had  not  the  trials  here  alluded  to  been 
made,  it  might  have  occurred  to  us,  as  a 
ijagiilar  Cut,   that  out  of  so  many  re- 
<«Mtaiioes  of  toads  being  found  in 
toBCOi  of  the  broken  uidut, 
Udvrian  reptile   alleged 
41n,  has  never  (ever) 
4s  inneetion  of  the 
"■^  beBMre.easy 
of  the  one, 


1835.] 


Retikw. — Carriagton's  Poems. 


401 


and  praicnre  the  other  in  a  bottle  of  ipi- 
rits.  We  hope,  therefore,  that  the  first 
of  our  readers  who  is  within  a  short  dis* 
tance  of  such  a  discoverj,  will  take  the 
hint,  and,  by  sending  ns  the  toad  and  the 
tUme,  silence  for  ever  onr  present  ob* 
itinate  incredulity  on  snch  wonders." 

This  subject  having  been  inves- 
tigated in  one  of  otur  late  numbers,  in 
consequence  of  our  expressing  similar 
doubts  on  the  subject  to  those  he  en- 
tertains, we  refer  Mr.  Swainson  and  our 
readers  to  it,  (see  our  Aug.  magazme, 
p.  145.)  We  have  often  read  unau- 
thenticated  accounts  of  this  extra- 
ordinary fact,  but  we  do  not  remember 
to  have  seen  them  collected,  and  their 
authority  examined,  in  any  scientific 
work  on  natural  history ;  nor  do  we 
know  the  opinion  of  any  eminent  na- 
turalist, except  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks, 
who  said  that  he  never  received  any 
testimony  on  the  subject  which  could 
impress  him  with  belief. 


The  collected  Poenu  of  the  late  N.  T. 
Carrington.  Edited  by  his  So»,  N. 
E.  Carrington.  2  voU.  12mo. 

THE  publication  of  these  volumes 
was  the  discharge  of  a  debt  due  by 
his  son  to  the  memory  of  a  very  es- 
timable man,  and  a  very  pleasing  poet. 
A  short  biographical  preface  informs 
us  that  the  author  was  born  in  1777. 
He  was  brought  up  in  the  Dockyard 
at  Plymouth,  where  his  father  was 
employed ;  but  the  situation  was  dis- 
agraeable  to  him ;  the  noise  and  bustle 
of  the  business,  and  more  especially 
the  brutality  and  ruffianism  of  the 
men,  disgusted  him.  in  vain  he  urged 
his  parents  to  remove  him.  After  three 
years' unavailing  entreaties,  he  took  the 
matter  into  his  own  hands,  and — ran 
away— entered  on  board  a  ship  of  war, 
and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  St. 
Vincent.  Some  verses  he  wrote  on 
the  occasion  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  commander ;  he  received  a  repri- 
mand for  his  disobedience  and  flight, 
was  sent  home,  and  by  the  kindness  of 
his  father  was  permitted  to  choose  his 
own  profession.  He  fixed  on  that  of 
a  public  teacher,  or  schoolmaster,  and, 
with  the  exception  of  a  sojourn  at 
Maidstone  of  five  years,  passed  the 
rest  of  hb  life  in  his  native  county. 
The  academy  which  he  established  at 
Plymouth  Dock  in  1809,  was  conduct- 

Gbwt,  Mag.   Vol.  III. 


ed  by  him  without  intermission  till 
within  six  months  of  his  death  in 
1830,  which  was  occasioned  by  pul- 
monary consumption,  at  the  age  of  53. 
He  left  a  widow  and  six  children,  and 
was  buried  in  the  churchyard  of 
Combehay,  a  sequestered  village  about 
four  miles  from  Bath,  '  It  was  chosen,' 
says  his  son,  '  as  the  place  of  his  in- 
terment, because  his  family  wished 
that  his  remains  should  rest  in  a  spot 
which,  when  living,  he  would  have 
loved  full  well ! '  He  appears  to  have 
been  a  kind,  afiiectionate,  and  worthy 
man.  In  business  laborious,  and,  in- 
deed, indefatigable — always  working 
and  hoping — ^never  dismayed — and,  if 
depressed,  never  cast  down.  His 
habits  of  life  were  simple  and  retiring, 
his  sense  of  nature  most  truly  worthy 
of  a  poet,  and  indeed  a  great  part  of 
his  poetry  is  descriptive.  Besides  the 
poems  in  these  volumes,  he  had  sketch- 
ed out  the  plan  of  a  descriptive  poem 
to  be  called  '  Devon ; '  and  also  pro- 
jected a  volume  in  twelve  short  books 
to  be  entitled  '  The  Months,'  and  in 
which  he  intended  to  describe  in  blank 
verse  the  appearance  of  external  na- 
ture throughout  the  year. 

Mr.  Carrington  was  led  to  the  com- 
position of  his  principal  poem,  'Dart- 
moor,' by  a  premium  offered  in  1824 
by  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,  for 
the  best  poem  on  the  subject.  His 
was  not  offered  for  competition,  as  the 
prize  was  given  away,  some  months 
before  he  was  aware  of  it,  to  a  poem 
by  Mrs.  Hemans. 

Descriptive  poetry  has  ever  been  a 
favourite  with  the  English  bards.  No 
people  either  understand  or  enjoy  the 
beauty  of  rural  scenery  in  the  same 
degree  as  the  English.  We  are  the 
only  persons  who  really  live  in  the 
country ;  others  merely  visit  it.  The 
composition  of  a  beautiful  and  well 
laid  out  park  is  hardly  to  be  met  with 
on  the  Continent,  and  we  believe  that 
the  subject  of  the  'Picturesque'  is 
almost  entirely  confined  to  our  writers. 
We  hear  of  no  Gilpins,  and  Prices, 
and  Reptons,  in  France  or  Italy.  As 
might  be  expected  from  this  taste,  we 
have  many  descriptive  poems  in  our 
language,  and  some  of  very  great  merit 
and  beauty.  Denham  led  the  way 
in  a  poem  of  considerable  excellence. 
Then  followed  Pope  with  Windsor 
Forest,  and  TVvoiiivm.  Vo.  wsa  ^V  '^t 


402 


Retibw.— Carrington's  Poems. 


[April, 


most  popular  poemB  in  our  language. 
Mallet  imitated  him,  and  Jago  and 
Dyer  followed ;  and  if  an  interval 
elapsed  before  another  appeared,  it  waa 
well  compensated  by  Mr.  Bowles's 
Coombe-Ellen,  and  the  beaatifal  pro- 
duction of  Mr.  Crowe — Lewesdon-bill 
— a  poem  displaying  such  true  poetical 
feeling,  and  such  knowledge  of  versifica- 
tion and  language,  as  makes  us  deeply 
regret  that  the  author  ever  forsook 
the  lyre  in  his  after  years.  All  these 
poems  have  a  similarity  of  structure — 
the  beauties  of  nature,  the  productions 
of  art,  the  venerable  remains  of 
hoar  antiquity  with  the  legends  and 
traditions  belonging  to  them,  form  their 
groundwork,  on  which  the  descrip- 
tions and  reflections  of  the  poet  are 
founded.  Thus  a  pleasing  and  inar- 
tificial subject  is  produced,  affording 
variety  from  the  numerous  objects  sur- 
veyed, enlivened  by  sketches  of  per- 
sonal history,  and  giving  ample  scope 
to  the  elegant  discussions  and  medita- 
tions of  the  writer.  We  think  the 
poet  should  be,  careful  not  to  break 
his  subject  into  too  many  parts,  not  to 
diverge  too  much  into  petty  details, 
or  call  attention  and  sympathy  on  ob- 
jects comparatively  obscure  and  in- 
significant. The  transitions  also  should 
neither  be  tame,  nor  too  abrupt,  the 
stories  short,  and  the  descriptions 
never  wandering  too  far  from  what  is 
local  and  characteristic  of  the  spot  de- 
scribed. In  this,  as  in  all  other  qua- 
lities, Lewesdon-hill  is  a  very  fine 
model  to  study.  Mr.  Carrington's 
poem  extends  to  about  a  hundred 
pages,  and  is  larger  than  most  of  those 
which  we  have  mentioned.  It  is  too 
diffusive,  judging  by  the  rules  we  have 
laid  down,  and  also,  we  think,  delays 
attention  occasionally  on  objects  of 
minor  importance ;  but  it  is  a  poem  of 
much  merit ;  the  descriptions  are  fresh 
from  nature,  and  well-selected ;  and 
it  is  at  once  seen  that  Mr.  Carrington 
is  an  artist  who  has  studied  out  qf  doors. 
The  versification  is  flowing  and  har- 
monious, the  language  well  chosen, 
and  a  few  flatnesses  excepted,  consist- 
ently preserved.  There  are  few  marks 
of  imitation  of  any  other  poet  dis- 
coverable ;  though  it  is  clear,  from  oc- 
casional expressions,  that  the  author 
was  well  read  in  the  works  of  his 
brother  bards.  Sometimes,  for  a  few 
Jines  together,  he  rfCoUectt  too  freshly 
the  expression  and  flow  of  Cowper. 


Such  is  a  brief  outline  of  cor  opi- 
nion of  this  poem,  and  we  have  now 
only  to  suppoit  it  by  a  few  quota- 
tions. We  will  commence  by  one 
purely  descriptive : 

Years  have  flown 
Of  sorrow,  since  my  raptured  boyish  eye 
First,  from  this  morrn'ring  strand,  an  eager 

glance  [flowa, 

Threw  on  yon  lucid  waters.     Years  have 
Sweet  Lora,  yet  thy  bank  refi-eshes  still 
With  the  old  charm,  and  Saltram's  pen- 
sile woods 
Seem  beautiful  as  ever.     Exquisite, 
Most  exquisite,  that  loveliness  must  be 
Which  triamphs  o'er  satiety,  and  grows 
More  valued  from  possession — ^let  me  stray 
A  moment  here  delighted.    Every  step 
Awakes  a  varying  scene,  by  Nature's  hand 
Fair  sketched,  of  leaf-crowned  hiUs,  and 

flowery  vales, 
And  lawns  of  fadeless  emerald,  and  streams 
That  as  they  flow  upon  the  well-pleased 

ear,  [wave, 

Four  Music,  and  green  capes  that  to  the 
Blue  as  the  Heaven  above  it,  nod  thdr 

groves 
In  gales  Atlantic.    And  for — far  away 
Th'  immense  of  landscape  sweepiog  to 

the  edge  [gravel 

Of  the  encircling  moor.    But  on  these 
Of  Saltram  rests  the  eye,  which  fringe  thy 

strands  [dant  trees 

Sweet  Lora — beanteous  groves,  whose  ver- 
Bend  o'er  the  wanderer,   lone    musing 

where  [shore. 

The  path  deep-shaded,  winds  the  rocky 
And  pleasanter  amid  the  glowing  noon 
To  saunter  there  unmark'd,  and  note  be- 
low, [fill  swan 
Curving  his  proud  white  neck,  the  graee- 
Majestic  sailing,  or  the  distant  barge 
Slow  moving,  or  the  sea-bird  winging  wild 
His  startled  flight ;  while  ever  and  anon 
Between  the  opening  foliage  glimpses  fair 
Are  caught  of  the  green  slope  beyond. 

Around  [now — 

Old  Ocean  pours  his  tide,  high  swelling 
To  meet  the  sylvan  Flym,  that  willing 

comes— 
His  moorland,  woodland  journey  done — 

to  seek  [rocks 

The  proud  alliance.    And  where  lift  the 
Their  brows  stupendous  o'er  the  broad- 

'ning  bay,  [merce  waves 

The  seaman's  shout  is  heard,  and  Com- 
In  every  gale  her  many  coloured  flag. 

Another  passage  of  the  same  nature 
occurs  at  p.  33. 

Bird,  bee,  and  butterfly — the  favourite 

three, 
That  meet  us  ever  on  our  summer  path ; 


1 835.  ]  Rbview. — ^BilUngton's  Architectural  Direetor. 


403 


And  what,  with  all  herforms  and  haes  di- 
vine, [the  skiea 
Would  sornmer  be  without  them.   Though 
Were  blue,  and  blue  the  streams,  and  fresh 

the  fields, 
And  beautiful  as  now  the  waving  woods. 
And  exquisite  the  flowers — and  tho'  the 
sun  [day  to  day, 

Beamed  from  his  cloudless  throne  from 
And  with  the  breeze  and  shower,  more 
loveliness  [want 

Shed  o'er  this  lovely  world — yet  all  would 
A  charm,  if  these  sweet  denizens  of  earth 
And  air,  made  not  the  great  creation  teem 
With  beauty,  grace,  and  motion.     Who 

would  bless 
Hie  landscape,  if  upon  his  morning  walk 
He   greeted    not    the  feathery    natives, 

perched 
In  love  or  song  amid  the  dewy  leaves. 
Or  wantoning  in  flight  from  bough  to  bough. 
From  field  to  field.    Ah !  who  would  bless 
thee,  June,  [heard 

If  silent,  songless  were  the  groves — ^un- 
The  lark  in  heaven  ?     And  he  who  meets 

the  bee 
Billing  the  bloom,  and witlesshearshishum 
Incessant  ringing  through  the  glowing  day; 
Or  loves  not  the  |;ay  butterfly  which  swims 
Before  him  in  the  ardent  noon,  arrayed 
In  crimson,  azure,  emerald  and  gold. 
With  more  magnificence  upon  his  wing. 
His  little  wing — than  ever  graced  the  robe 
Goi|;eous  of  royalty ; — is  Wte  the  kine 
That  wander  'mid  the  flowers  that  gem 

the  mead. 
Unconscious  of  their  beauty. 

The  '  Banks  of  the  Tamar'  is  a  pleas- 
ing poem  of  the  same  description,  and 
partoking  of  the  same  merits  ;  as  are 
also  some  smaller  productions.  We 
cannot  call  the  author  an  original 
writer,  nor  is  he  distinguished  for  bold 
or  vigorous  conceptions  ;  but  he  pos- 
sesses the  sensibility,  the  feeling,  and 
the  taste  of  a  poet. 


7%e  Architectural  Director.     By  John 
Billington.     2d  Edition. 

WE  have  already  noticed  the  com- 
mencement of  this  work  in  our  Maga- 
zine for  August  1834  ;  it  has  since 
been  completed  in  a  reasonably  priced 
octavo  volume,  with  about  one  hun- 
dred plates.  As  a  cheap  architectural 
book,  containing  a  considerable  fund  of 
information,  it  will  be  found  useful 
to  a  large  body  of  readers,  who  have 
not  the  means  or  the  opportunity  of 
consulting  the  larger  and  expensive 
works  in  the  science. 


We  cannot  however  go  the  length 
of  saying,  after  a  perusal  of  the  work, 
that  t^^e  words  of  promise  held  out  by 
the  title-page  are  fully  warranted  by 
the  contents.  A  more  modest  title 
would  have  been  a  better  precursor  of 
a  single  volume  on  so  comprehensive 
a  subject.  The  present  can  only  serve 
to  lead  the  purchaser  to  expect  far 
more  in  the  work  than  he  is  likely  to 
meet  with.  The  contents  of  a  really 
good  book  form  its  best  advertise- 
ment. We  shall  do  the  author  or 
compiler  more  justice  by  pointing  out 
what  is  really  useful  in  his  work. 
The  most  prominent  feature  in  this 
respect  is  the  representation  in  out- 
line of  the  Orders;  drawn,  it  is  true,  on 
a  very  small  scale,  but  quite  sufficient 
to  convey  a  competent  degree  of  in- 
formation on  the  constituent  parts  of 
all  buildings,  viz.  columns  with  their 
entablatures  and  pedestals,  arcades, 
doors,  ceilings,  and  other  details,  as 
far  at  least  as  Roman  or  Italian  archi- 
tecture is  concerned.  By  the  intro- 
duction of  tabular  views  of  the  dif- 
ferent orders,  the  proportions  of  a 
large  number  (probably  all  the  known 
examples)  of  ancient  buildings  are 
brought  into  comparison.  To  take  as 
an  example  the  table  of  the  Corinthian 
order.  In  this  is  given  the  genuine 
proportions  deduced  from  four  Greek 
and  ten  Roman  existing  authorities,  and 
it  embraces  as  well  those  which  are 
laid  down  by  the  five  most  eminent  of 
the  modern  masters,  viz.  Palladio,  Sca- 
mozzi,  Serlio,  Alberti,  and  Vignola. 
Besides  these  tables,  there  are  others 
introduced  in  the  work,  which  cannot 
be  without  their  use  to  the  student  of 
architecture,  or  the  working  man,  for 
whom  it  is  designed. 

A  well-written  historical  and  criti- 
cal essay  conveys  much  valuable  and 
interesting  information  upon  the  dawn- 
ing and  progress  of  the  science  ot  archi- 
tecture, from  the  earliest  period  to 
modern  times.  The  Orders  are  criti- 
cally and  scientifically  treated,  and  as 
far  as  the  five  of  Roman  architecture 
are  concerned,  the  reader  of  Mr.  Bil- 
lington's  work  will  find  it  an  useful 
guide  to  the  acquirement  of  a  full  and 
competent  knowledge  of  that  branch 
of  the  science,  and  he  will  have  no 
reason  to  be  displeased  with  the  lite- 
rary department  of  the  work. 

The  ea&«L^  occxsL^fxca  «i«M\.  q»&  \!«si&, 


Review. — Chinese  Repository — GatzlafT's  China. 


of  the  work  ,  but  to  render  the  infor- 
mation it  conveys  of  full  importance, 
it  shoald  have  been  accompanied  by 
more  plates  than  the  entire  woik  com- 
prises, for  a  mere  description  of  sub- 
jects of  architecture,  however  full  and 
accurate,  without  a  full  complement 
of  plates,  is  not  very  useful  to  general 
readers,  and  will  possess  an  interest 
only  with  those  who  are  fully  ac- 
quainted with  the  buildings  mentioned 
in  it.  It  is  ver)'  inadequately  illus- 
trated by  plans  and  elevations  of 
St.  Peter's,  and  several  houses  at 
Rome,  and  a  section  of  a  church  at 
Genoa. 

The  Glossary'  should  have  occupied 
more  space.  Many  terms  might  have 
been  omitted,  which  areeither  of  little 
nse,  or  not  technical  ;  to  instance 
"  Abrwvoir,"  "  Almthouae."  So  the 
single  page  which  is  afforded  to  Al- 
gebra,  can  practically  be  of  little  utility. 
And  tjuch  definitions  as  the  following  : 
•'  Char-story  windows — iPiWotr*  which 
an  without  transumt,"  can  only  mislead 
the  reader. 

The  repetition  of  Roman  architec- 
ture in  the  Glossary  is  superfluous, 
after  the  subject  had  been  so  amply 
treated  in  the  historical  essay. 

The  work  seems  behind  the  informa- 
tion of  the  present  day  in  the  total 
omission  of  engravings  dedicated  to 
Grecian  architecture ;  and  at  the  same 
time  we  notice  this  omis«ion,  wc  can- 
not help  wishing  the  original  designs 
by  the  author  had  been  confined  to 
bis  portfolio.  He  gives  for  instance 
the  plan  of  a  Church,  and  luckily  for 
his  reputation  has  kept  back  the  eleva- 
tion. Of  this  plan,  it  may  suffice  to 
say  that  it  shows  a  tetrastyle  portico 
of  leM  breadth  than  the  nave,  having 
as  many  intercolumniations  in  flank 
as  in  front ! 

Wc  wish  not  to  discourage  the  pub- 
lication of  cheap  architectural  works, 
but  it  would  be  well  if  the  publishers 

I  of  such  books  would  confine  them- 
selves to  what  is  really  useful  and 
roost  in  request ;  in  doing  this  they 
would  confer  a  great  boon  on  the 
daas  of  rraders  to  whose  hands  their 
works  are  most  likely  to  be  committed. 


^ 


* 


I.  7*#  C4(iMsfe  Hepotitory  for  the  ftan 
1839,  3,  oik/ 1833.4.  Svo.fp.  ]]00. 
Primtnl  al  Contom  in  China. 


II.  Journal  of  three  t'oyaget  along  the 
CooMta  of  China,  in  1831.  1632.  and 
1833,  -By  the  Rtr.  Chahles  Gctz- 
LAFP.  Jf^i7A  on  Introdmttion  by  the 
Rev.  H.  Ellis.     12mo.  pp.  540. 

I.  THE  Chinese  Rejiository  is  pub. 
lished  monthly  at  Canton,   and  pro- 
mises in  a  fihort  time  to  embody  more 
useful  and  more  accurate  information 
on   subjects   having   any    relation  to 
China,  than  can  be  found  in  any  other 
publication.     The  two  volumes  before 
us  contain  several  valuable  articles  in 
the  departments  of  histor}',  chrono-     ^h 
log)',  biography,  and  in  almost  every     ^| 
other  department  of  literature,  includ-     ^^ 
ing  theology,  connected  with  China. 
Japan,  Siam,  Pegue,  and  the  Islands 

of  the  Eastern  Archipelago.  The  Theo- 
logical department  will  comprehend 
genuine  information  and  use^l  sug- 
gestions respecting  missions  to  Cbiiui. 
The  editor  of  this  work  is  understood 
to  be  a  missionary,  and  to  have  bad 
the  assistance  of  Dr.  Robert  Morrison, 
also  a  missionary  and  lately  deceased;  , 

of  whom  see  more  in  the  Obituary  o/     ^H 
our  present  Number.  ^M 

II,  The  voyages  of  Mr.  GoUlaff,  ^ 
edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  Ellis,  one  of  the 
Secretaries  to  the  London  Missionary 
Societ)',  are  prefaced  by  an  introduc- 
tory essay  on  the  policy,  religion,  &c 
of  China,  by  the  editor,  whose  aim  it 
evidently  is  to  attract  the  attention  of 
the  British  public  to  that  country.  With 
this  view  he  expatiates  on  some  of  the 
wonders  of  art  which  are  to  be  found 
in  China,  and  on  the  number  and  sin- 
gular character  of  the  Chinese  people, 
who  are  acknowledged  to  be  civilized, 
intelligent,  primitive,  and  not  aristo- 
cratic in  their  manners  ;  and  their 
government  singularly  organized  and 
complete:  bat  Mr.  Ellis's  readers  are 
requested  to  believe  that,  in  perfect 
accordance  with  all  these  attractive 
features  in  their  character,  they  art, 
though  educated,  grossly  ignorant, 
universally  barbarous  and  sanguinary, 
and  systematically fraudnlcntand  false; 
and  that  the  Government  is  so  opjMres- 
sive  and  violent  that  the  natives  groan 
under  it,  while  towards  foreigners  its 
policy  is  repulsive  and  jealous  beyond 
all  measure,  and  without  the  shadow 
of  a  reason. 

In  delineating  this  portrait  of  the 
Cliinese.  Mr.  Ellis  evideatly  follows 


1835.] 


Review. — Gutzlaff  s  Voyages  to  China. 


405 


in  the  steps  6f  his  author ;  who,  not 
content  with  establishing  the  proposi- 
tion, which  he  might  easily  have  esta- 
blished, that  to  a  pagan  nation,  even 
in  the  highest  state  of  polish  to  which 
pagans  can  attain,  and  with  a  Govern- 
ment the  most  perfect  that  ever  existed 
in  any  country  not  blessed  with  divine 
revelation,  the  communication  of  that 
revelation  would  be  a  boon  of  infinite 
value,  inasmuch  as  it  would  exhibit 
and  lead  to  the  cure  of  many  and 
grievous  evils  which  are  imperceptible 
by  the  eye  of  unassisted  reason,  and 
furnish  principles  and  motives  to  vir- 
tae  which  are  necessarily  altogether 
unknown  to  man  in  the  state  of  pagan 
ignorance, — has  probably,  in  order  to 
excite  attention  to  his  object,  exhi- 
bited it  a  perfect  caricature. 

We  regret  that  means  such  as  these 
should  be  resorted  to,  in  order  to  draw 
the  attention  of  the  British  public  to 
China :  we  see  no  propriety  in  prais- 
ing and  reviling  almost  in  the  same 
breath,  and  are  sorry  that  this  editor 
should  have  imbibed  so  much  of  the 
spirit  of  his  author. 

Hitherto  neither  the  notes  of  the 
embassies  to  Pekin,  nor  those  of  the 
voyagers  along  the  coast,  in  connexion 
even  with  the  older  writings  of  travel- 
lers, furnish  us  with  sufficient  data  to 
enable  us  to  determine  with  certainty 
what  is  the  peculiar  character  of  the 
Chinese,  considered  in  their  collective 
capacity  as  a  nation ;  all  that  is  known 
is,  that  they  differ  essentially  from 
every  other  nation  on  the  face  of  the 
globe,  and  some  of  the  causes  of  that 
difference  have  been  developed. 

In  pourtraying  the  Cochin  Chinese, 
the  Siamese,  and  other  neighbouring 
Chinese  nations,  Mr.  Ellis  is  still  less 
sparing  of  reproachful  epithets.  He 
represents  the  governments  not  only 
as  arbitrary,  but  as  "  sanguinary," 
"  rapacious,"  "  cruel,"  "  merciless," 
"  arrogant,"  "  deceitful,"  and  "  /neo- 
eherous ;  "  and  the  people  as  addicted 
to  "  debauchery."  "fraud,"  " faJLse- 
hood,  "  gambling,"  and  "  intoxication 
with  opium ;  "  the  latter,  let  it  be  re- 
membered, supplied  by  the  English 
smugglers  between  the  Bay  of  Bengal 
and  the  Coast  of  China,  Siam,  &c. 

Mr.  Ellis's  introductory  chaptercon- 
tains  an  interesting  sketch  of  the  Pro- 
testant Mission  to  China,  from  its 
commencement,  in  the  year  1807,  to 


1833  ;  including  some  notices  of  the 
two  missionariss — Drs.  Milne  and 
Morrison. 

Mr.  Gutzlaff^s  first  voyage  to  Siam 
was  performed  between  May  and  De- 
cember 1831  ;  he  having  previously, 
as  he  states,  resided  for  three  years  in 
Siam.  This  part  of  the  volume  con- 
tains many  interesting  facts ;  but  re- 
lated, from  first  to  last,  in  die  phra- 
seology of  an  angry  disputant. 

His  second  voyage  was  performed 
in  the  Amherst,  along  the  south-east- 
ern coasts,  and  northward  as  far  as 
Corea  and  the  Loo  Choo  Islands, 
between    February    and     Sentember 

1832.  This  narrative  is  considerably 
more  circumstantial  than  that  of  the 
same  voyage  which  was  printed  by 
order  of  the  House  of  Commons ;  upoh 
which  we  offered  some  observations 
in  our  vol.  I.  p.  126. 

Mr.  Gutzlafl's  third  voyage  took 
place  between  October  1832  and  April 

1833.  The  vessel  proceeded  from  Ma- 
cao northward  as  far  as  lat.  39°  23', 
and  encountered  stormy  weather, 
during  which  she  was  in  some  peril. 
Gutzlaff's  visits  to  the  shore  were  of 
course  few,  and  not  of  long  conti- 
nuance. 

The  account  which  he  here  gives  of 
the  Chinese  people,  as  contradistin- 
guished from  the  Chinese  authorities, 
IS  rather  favourable ;  and  be  appears 
to  infer,  from  the  treatment  he  re- 
ceived, the  greatest  encouragement  for 
the  prosecution  of  missionary  exer- 
tions in  this  way. 

In  the  introduction  to  his  narra- 
tives, he  "  fully  accords  to  many 
political  institutions  and  laws  of  the 
'  Celestial  Empire,'  the  praise  of  high 
excellence  in  theory  and  of  practical 
utility  during  ages  of  trial ;  "  and  on 
page  7  he  makes  the  following  conces- 
sion, in  favour  of  the  so  much  decried 
exclusive  policy  of  the  Chinese,  which 
rather  surprised  us. 

"  It  most,  however,  be  acknowledged, 
that  Europeans  have  frequently,  by  petty 
aggressions,  provoked  the  Chinese  to 
carry  their  laws  of  exclusion  into  the 
most  vigorous  execution.  "We  have  cause 
to  regret  that  they  have  never  been  so 
successful  in  re-establishing  friendly  in- 
tercourse as  unfortunate  in  giving  occa- 
sion for  stopping  it." 

Notwithstanding  these  concessions, 
he  complains  C9>  IS^  oC  ^VaX.V&  ^»&^ 


406 


Migcdltmemu  Sevietn. 


[April, 


"  Chinese  misanthropy,"  as  opposing 
obstacles  in  the  way  of  national  im- 
provement ;  bat  we  are  really  at  a  loss 
to  understand  the  w^ord  miaantkropy, 
in  its  application  to  such  a  case.  It 
does  not  appear  that  the  3GO,000,000 
of  the  inhabitants  of  China  have  any 
distaste  for  each  other;  and  their 
aversion  to  strangers,  whose  conduct 
has  not  been  such  as  to  recommend 
them  to  their  good- will,  is  not  in  the 
least  surprising.  We  have  always 
been  of  opinion  that  the  line  of  policy 
which  they  have  chosen  to  follow  in 
this  respect,  would  be  followed  by 
this,  or  any  other  European  state, 
called   by   us   emphatically   cirilized. 


were  it  exposed,  as  China  is,  to  the 
aggressive  inroads  of  foreigners ;  who, 
after  having  committed  the  most  ee- 
rions  trespasses  upon  them,  even  to 
the  occasioning  the  loss  of  life,  as  in 
the  Cum-Sing-Moon  affair  (p.  265), 
possessed  in  their  ships  the  means 
of  immediately,  and  at  their  own  sole 
discretion,  retreating  to  some  distant 
region,  beyond  the  reach  of  retributive 
justice,  and  from  whence  the  offending 
individuals  would  uf  course  not  return. 
For  the  Government  or  inhabitants  of 
a  country  so  circumstanced,  to  wish 
to  avoid  such  inconvenient  contact, 
does,  in  our  judgment,  by  no  means 
infer  muattthropy. 


Senmoiu.  djr  Hunter  Frsncis  Fell,  .1/t- 
nuterqftAe  TViat'/y  CkmrcA.  hlimfttm. — 
We  think  that  Mr.  Fell  has  placed  the 
advantage  of  Ministers  of  the  Church 
printing  the  Sermons  which  tbej  have 
addresi^  to  thdr  rvitpertive  congrrga- 
tions,  on  the  right  grvnnd,  viz  ,  that  other 
writers,,  howevrr  excellent,  cannot  feel 
that  deep  and  vital  interest  in  the  wel- 
fare  of  a  flock,  which  the  pastor  himself 
po«jesse9 :  and  though  his  diMroanes  may 
not  be  superior  in  argument  or  elegance 
to  his  predrctr^sors  or  contemporaries,  yet 
they  come  home  to  the  feelings  of  his 
own  pari$hion<m  with  a  double  forre. 
\l*hen  once  this  most  desirable  attach- 
ment is  formed,  it  will  increaM  of  itself : 
and  though  the  truths  of  religion  must 
ever  remain  the  same,  independent  of 
man's  judgment,  yet  their  reception  will 
be  considmUy  affected  by  the  feelings 
and  disposition  of  the  people  to  whom  they 
are  addressed.  If  the  ears  are  unwilling, 
and  the  hearts  unkind,  in  vain  will  thie 
most  sealoas  preacher  pour  forth  his  ex- 
hortations, his  remonstrances,  and  his 
encouragements :  there  is  an  evil  spirit 
within,  warring  against  the  good  without, 
and  barring  up  every  avenue  to  grace. 
The  mutual  respect  of  Mr.  Fell  and  his 
congregation  to  each  other,  does  honoor 
to  both  parties ;  the  Sermons  are  seosihle 
and  convincing,  and  have  not  assuredly 
been  delivered  in  vain. 


Tie  Deity,  m  Toeai,  ra  TVefre  Bsab. 
Bjf  Thomas  Ragg. — This  is  the  work  of  a 
mechanic  at  Nottingham,  a  converted 
infidel,  and  is  a  pnUic  testimony  of  his 
belief.  The  |toetry.  though  nevw  rtsing 
into  great  excellence,  or  bnuiag  marks  <^ 
originality,  is  far  better  than  much  which 
Iwues  friwk  the  nodeni  press.  The  a«> 
thor  most  fcils  whea  he  attempt*  rtasoa- 
jiy  «pgft  ahstrsw  aad  mysterious  s^b. 


jects,  which  are  not  adapted  to  the  re- 
gions of  poetrv;  as,  for  instance,  at  p. 
lti«,  169. 

To  speak  of  love  without  an  object  loved 
M'ere  most  incongruous.     The  priadi^ 
Is  ever  energvtic,  and  must  flow 
Coeval  with  its  being.     If,  then,  hnre 
Be  an  essential  attribute  of  God, 
It  must  be  infinitely  exercised. 
Or  never  can  be  exercised  at  aU 
Accordant  with  its  nature;   whidi,  'tis 

plain. 
As  it  exists  in  exercise  alone. 
Involves  a  contradictioa.     If  before 
Creation  it  did  operate  at  all. 
As  nothing  finite  was  in  being  then. 
And.  in  our  argumentson  power,  we  proved 
That  no  plurality  of  Gods  could  he. 
It  must  have  operated  in  some  way 
Within  the  Deity,  which  conU  not  be 
Excepting  he  in  personality 
Existed.    If  it  ^d  not  operate 
Before  creatioa,  its  eternity 
At  once  is  lost ;  and  it  must  foDow,  too. 
As  it  existeth  hut  in  exerdae. 
That  God  is  changed.  &c 

Where  our  author  does  not  indulge  in 
these  abstract  reasonings,  a  more  poetical 
Tela  is  seen.  The  plan  of  the  rOem  is 
well-designed,  the  verfification  mdodioas, 
aad  the  laagiuge  weU-chosen.  It  is  cer- 
taialy  the  vn»k  of  a  man  of  vigorous 
mind,  aad  of  taksts  whose  genuine  lustre 
appears  through  the  disadvantages  of  a 
neglected  edncmtiOD  and  a  laborious  and 
mechanical  employment. 

fhmr  L«ctnrt9  om  the  IJhnyy,  ielirtrrd 
im  tkt  PmritA  Hmrck  (if  Lmtam,  Bttiffbri- 
»kirt  Ar  Her.  E  S.  Appleyard.— Aa 
useM  and  wetUdeviwd  srric*  of  Lee- 
twvs.  in  which  the  scriptural  purity  aad 
elegaacv  of  oar  inestimable  Liturgy,  is 
bri#«y  bat  rer»|uc«o«sly   shown.     The 


1835.] 


Mueelkmeow  Review». 


407 


latter  part,  on  the  claims  of  the  National 
Chnren,  is  well  worthy  of  attention,  and 
would  have  been  qnoted  by  ns,  had  we 
sufficient  room.  Perhaps  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  Engieror  Napoleon' i  appnUm- 
tion  qf  the  LoreTe  Prayer  is  not  agreeable 
to  good  taste.  When  we  know  from 
wkom  this  Prayer  proceeded,  the  judg- 
ment of  any  human  being,  however  ex- 
alted or  illustrious  by  his  talents,  must 
be  of  no  consequence ;  besides,  on  such 
rabjects,  Napoleon's  opinion  was  worth 
no  more  than  that  of  ordinary  men.  Who 
would  care  about  Lord  Byron's  or  the 
Duke  of  Wellington's  approbation  of  the 
same  prayer  ? — and  yet  the  weight  of  their 
judgments  would  surely  be  as  powerful 
aa  that  of  Napoleon.  More  than  all, 
we  do  not  know  the  tincerity  with  which 
this  commendation  was  uttered ;  the  judg- 
ment of  the  greatest  men  on  such  sub- 
jects is  nothing  worth. 


J^hetk,  Contemplation,  by  Alfred 
Beesley. — ^The  author  of  this  volume  we 
presume  to  be  young,  and  certainly  of 
taste  not  altogether  finished  or  matured  : 
bat  he  is  not  wanting  in  poetical  fancy  or 
melodious  versification.  We  shall  extract 
his  last  Poem : 

7b  thie  Volume. 

Go  forth  I  if  in  some  quiet  hour 

Thou  yet  perchance  shall  please  a  few, 

Who  will  not  scorn  the  little  flower 
That  in  my  humble  garden  grew. 

What  though  in  pride  of  beauty  rare 
It  may  not  be  thy  lot  to  shine ; 

What  though  thou  seek'st  for  no  compare 
With  far-heard  notes  surpassing  thine  1 

Be  thou  a  sound  of  music,  breathed 
At  midnight  o'er  the  silent  air, 

A  voice  to  melody  bequeathed, 

When  no  high  notes  are  breathing  there ; 

Or  as  a  flower  that,  blooming  fair. 
Soon  as  the  wintry  day  is  flown. 

Recalls  a  sweetness  witnessed  there. 
Which  seems  awhile  as  all  its  own. 

Oh,  Poetry  !  and  art  thou  flown  ? 

Could  it  be  thine  this  life  to  tend. 
Then  every  thought  pure  peace  had  known, 

And  each  'reft  lieart  had  found  a  friend. 


Traits  of  Science.  By  Barbara  Willett. 
— A  very  useful  well-written  little  book, 
showing  the  rise  and  progress  of  most  of 
the  arts  of  life.  In  the  chapter  on  can- 
non, it  is  observed,  that  the  Turks  still 
possess  a  cannon  from  which  a  stone 
bullet  of  1100  pounds  weight  was  dis- 
charged with  380  pounds  of  powder ;  at 


the  distance  of  600  yards  it  shivered  into 
three  pieces,  traversed  the  Straight  of  the 
Bosphorus,  and  lashing  the  waters  in  a 
foam,  again  rose  and  bounded  against  the 
opposite  hill.  It  is  well  known  that  the 
entrance  of  the  Dardanelles  is  guarded  by 
artillery  of  greater  calibre  than  that  of 
Mahomet.  They  are  only  of  use  against 
the  particular  spot  to  which  they  are 
directed ;  but  the  power  of  the  shot,  when 
it  does  take  effect,  is  terrific,  as  was  sen- 
sibly experienced  by  the  British  fleet 
during  the  last  war.  When  Sir  John  Duck- 
worth passed  the  Dardanelles  to  attack 
Constantinople,  in  1807,  his  fleet  was 
dreadfully  shattered  by  die  inunense  shot 
thrown  from  the  batteries.  The  Royal 
George  of  110  guns  was  nearly  sunk  by 
only  one  shot,  which  carried  away  her 
cut-water ;  and  another  cut  the  mainmast 
of  the  Windsor  Castle  nearly  in  two  ;  a 
shot  knocked  two  ports  of  the  Thunderer 
into  one ;  the  Republic  had  her  wheel  shot 
away,  and  24  men  killed  and  wounded  by 
a  single  shot,  nor  was  the  ship  saved  but  by 
the  most  wonderful  exertions.  The  hea- 
viest shot  which  struck  the  ships  was  of 
granite;  it  weighed  800  pounds,  and  was 
two  feet  two  inches  in  diameter.  One  of 
these  huge  shots  stove  in  the  larboard  bow 
of  the  Active ;  and  thus  having  crushed 
this  immense  mass  of  timber,  it  rolled  aft, 
and  brought  up  abreast  the  main  hatch- 
way. 


Metrical  Exercitet  upon  Scripture 
Texta  and  Mitcellaneous  Poena.  By 
Harriet  Rebecca  King. — It  is  seldom  that 
the  language  of  Scripture  can  be  altered 
and  extended  without  its  suffering  from  the 
diffusion :  simplicity  and  conciseness  are 
the  very  elements  of  the  sacred  and  sub* 
lime.  In  the  attempt  to  add  to  the  gran- 
deur of  the  original  images,  we  only 
weaken  and  impair  them ;  as  see  in  Young's 
*  Job,'  which,  though  well  versified,  is 
very  inferior  to  the  original.  Miss  King, 
however,  has  not  afforded  any  room 
for  censure  of  this  kind :  her  versions  are 
plain,  simple,  and  unaffected.  We  subjoin 
the  following  from  p.  48. 

Heb.  ix.  25. 

"  ChonjinH  r»thf  r  to  noffer  ■ffliction  with  the 
people  of  God,  than  to  enjoy  tlie  pleasures  of  sin 
for  «  seitson." 

The  struggling  soul  that  would  be  free 
From  this  world's  weary  coil. 

Must  every  sinful  pleasure  flee. 
And  safety  seek  in  toil. 

The  straightened  gate  is  hard  to  pass, 

And  diflicult  the  road : 
The  pilgrim  thitherward,  alas! 

Must  bear  a  grievous  load. 


Miscellaneous  Reviews. 


Tlie  conM^ionsneait  of  «in  will  press 

The  weight  upon  the  soul. 
And  lhron§^ng  terrors  will  distress, 

Aud  eloud«  around  will  roll. 

But  better  far  thin  gloomjr  way 
Than  pstha  of  glittering  show, 

Where  latent  snares  in  bright  army 
Beset  ui  as  we  gos 

And  better  fnr  to  lean  on  God 

Within  a  desert  land. 
Supported  hy  his  staiT  and  rod. 

And  guided  by  his  band  ; 

Than,  dazzled  by  fair  fortune's  light, 
To  nii.sti  the  heaven-born  ray, 

And  wonder  on  in  mental  night 
Amidst  the  blaie  of  day- 

The  Miscellaneous  Poems  and  Album 
Offerings  are  not  without  the  same  merit, 
unaffected  and  simple  in  language,  and 
versified  with  ease  and  grace. 


Remarks    on   Raptitmal  Rfgmeration. 
Bjf  Hep.  11.  Hughes,  o/Trin-  CoU.  Oxon. 
— On  this  disputed  subject,  Mr.  Hngbes 
adopt.s  the  side  and  reasons  under  the  au- 
thority of  our  Church.     His  book  is  tem- 
perately and  judiciously  written,  and  very 
ably  and   cleverly   argued,    and    he   has 
guarded  his  opinion  with  necessary  and 
nice   cautions;   the  chain   of  reasoning, 
however,   ia  so  connected,  that  it  would 
occupy   much  more  room  than  we  can 
spare  to  analyse  and  abridge  it ;  besides, 
the  book  is  small  in  compass,  and  de- 
serves to  be  carefully  perused.     "  On  the 
ground,"  he  says,  of"  Baptismal  Regene- 
ration, let  no  one  suppose  that  his  rege- 
neration  by    the    Spirit    in    his   infancy 
through  the  baptismal  rite,  relieves  him  in 
the  lightest  degree  trom  the  obligation 
either  to  true  and  real  repentance  for  sin, 
or  to  faith  in  Christ,  both  as  an  atoning 
socriiiii;  and  tlie  continual  dispenser  of  a 
renewing  spirit,  to  cleanse  and  sanctify 
his  heart.     Let  us  remember  to  whom 
we  are  regenerate ;  that  it  is  to  a  pare 
and  holy  Being,  under  whose  banner  we 
are   enlisted,    and   to   whom,  as   to  our 
head,  our  ntmost  obedience  is  due ;  to 
whom  indeed  we  are  by  our  new  birth 
united,  to  walk  as  he  walks,  and  obey  as 
he  obeyed.     Thus,  holding  bst  the  pro- 
fession of  our  faith)  and  looking  to  Christ, 
as  to  him  by  whom  and  through  whom 
wc  become  sons  of  God,  we  shall  go  on 
from  strength  to  strength,  till  that  day, 
when,  freed  from  the  ciirruptions  of  the 
flesh,  wc  shall  be  invested   with  the  fuU 
and  glorious  pririlri^t'S  nf  nur  birth,  an 
etcTttal  and  indis«olulile  union   with  his 
I  YtAu  and  our  Father,  in  the  heaven   of 
VaiWBS,  the  maiuion  of  God  hmiM-lf." 


A  New  Jnttrpretntion  ((f  a  Portion  <^ 
tht  Third  Chapter  <j/"  Gmem,  vitvtd  ni 
connexion  vilh  other  partt  itf  tht  Bible  : 
including  an  Jnqitiry  into  the  Jutroduetion, 
Nature,  and  Extent  qf  Satanic  luftuenee 
in  the  World. — This  author  believes  that 
when  God  imparts  the  living  soul  to  man, 
he  c<immits    n  fire-exiitent  rftirit    to    aji 
existence  in  the  flesh,  in  which  it  becomes 
unconscious  of  all  previous  scenes.     Se- 
condly, that  Satan  and  his  fallen  angels 
(his  seed)  are  actually  upon  earth  in  a 
human  form  ;   that  there  are  two  distinet 
races  or  sects — the  children  of  God,  aad 
the  children  of  men :  and  that  the  Gospel 
is  a  touchntone  to  discover  the  children 
of  God  from  the  children  of  the  world- 
The  conclusion  to  which  he  arrives  is, 
"  that   if  the  interpretations  conceraing 
the  spiritual  difference   between   certain 
teed*  upon  earth,  are  allowed  to  be  well- 
founded,  then  the  Calvinistic  doctrine  of 
partial  redemption  may  be  the  true  one 
At  the  tiaaie  time,  we  can  never  doubt  of 
the  mercy  of  God  to  those,  whether  Ha- 
tion»  or  individualt,  vko  hare  been  meretw 
deceived."  The  personal  and  earthly  donu- 
niou  of  Satan,  to  whom  the  world  liad 
been  delivered,  and  the  tva  dietinct  raem 
of  people  upon  earth,  form  tbc  leading 
points  of  our  author's   argument;    and 
thus  a  new  signification  is  given  to  the 
doctrines  of  CaJvinism,  ofa  class  of  people 
precluded  from  the  mercy  of  God  :  ud 
that    God  approves   and  disapproves   of 
people  before  they  are  bom  (p.  6G)  ;  ap- 
proves  of  the  promised  teed  of  Jacob,  and 
disapproves  of  the  «eed  of  Beau,  agmul 
vhom  the  Lord  had  indignation  for  ever, 
This  work  is  certainly  written  with  fjretJi 
ingenuity  of  deduction,   and  the  manner 
in  which  the  argument  is  conducted  prfr- 
sents  it  with  connderable  force  ;  but  as  it 
mainly  rests  upon  the   interpretatioB  of 
figurative  language,  no  general  reconcilia* 
tioD  of  opinions  on  the  subject  is  likely  to 
be  the  resiUt.     Many   incidental  ofaeer* 
vatiooa    and    collateral   argumcnta    are 
worthy  of  attention- 


4 


Reaaon$  for  aboUthinjf  trnprtitmunt, 
by  Lieut.  Staadish  llaly.— Mr.  Maly 
has  clearly  shewn  the  evils  of  impias- 
ment,  and  pointed  out  the  means  by 
which  it  may  be  safely  abolished.  We 
have  no  doubt  but  tliat  an  ample  pro- 
vision for  the  want!  of  the  sailor  in  oce, 
together  with  the  great  competition  for 
labour,  which  must  act  on  all  the  lower 
classes  o/t  society,  will  ere  long  produce 
the  deaired  rrsults. 

A  Plea  for  Ireland,  ^f .  by  Thomas 
Bish,  Ktf/.  M.  P.  for  Ij^miuMter — Mr 
Bisb  proposes  '  that  the  Courts  and  Par 


I 
J 


18350 


Xitceiboieous  Reokwt, 


409 


Atamt  ahaV  ^  l>eld  at  occasional  in* 
tenrab  in  DnVUn ;'  and  ahttraettHy  from 
att  oihtr  emuideration,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  )mt  that  snch  a  proposition,  if  car- 
ried into  effect,  would  be  for  the  ad- 
tantage  of  that  country ;  but  in  the  pre- 
a«nt  busy  and  compli^ted  state  of  affairs 
«t  home,  pressine  on  our  statesmen  and 
government  im  aU  directions,  we  qnes- 
don  whether  U  would  be  possible  for 
them  to  move  dte  state-macnine  so  far 
from  the  metropolis,  and  for  such  a  length 
of  time,  without  embarrassment  and  an 
«scape  of  a  iaige  amount 

E$$ay  tm  the  relation  qf  the  Tlieory  qf 
MoraJt  tolmanity,  by  T.  Mayo,  M.  D. 
— Hie  object  of  this  very  ingenious 
and  sensible  publication,  is  to  prove  that 
Acre  is  a  moral,  as  well  as  intelleetuMl 
insanity,  and  that  the  latter  has  been  ex- 
clusively attended  to,  by  which  great  mis- 
Cakes  and  mischief  have  been  produced, 
and  that  the  decisions  of  juries  and  the 
opinions  of  judges  have  been  incon- 
aistent,  and  at  variance  with  each  other. 
*  We  are  warranted  in  assuming  that  the 
absence  of  the  moral  tenat  constitutes  a 
form  of  unsoundness,  analogous  to  that 
Uttelleeival  unsoundness  which  is  com- 
monly understood  when  the  term  iruanity 
ift  used ;  and  accordingly,  that  we  may 
talk  of  a  moral  and  of  an  intellectual  in- 
aanity  as  contradistinguished  species.' 
This  general  position  is  illustrated  by 
cases ;  but  we  think  the  case  of  Mr.  A. 
the  man  morally  insane,  could  possibly 
justify  no  legal  measures  being  taken  to 
diap<Msess  hun  of  the  freedom  of  his  per- 
son or  will ;  granted  that  he  was  insane ;  so 
is  every  man  whose  passions  are  violent, 
nngovemable,  and  disproportionate  to  the 
exciting  causes.  '  If  (says  the  author)  he 
had  sufficient  courage,  he  would  rob  or 
murder:'  but  he  did  not ;  consequently 
society  bad  no  complaint  against  him  for 
violated  laws.  He  had  squandered  much 
of  his  property,  and  he  was  supposed  to 
be  meditating  an  unjust  will.  Agreeing, 
as  we  do,  with  Dr.  Mayo,  tluit  this 
wickedness  is  madness,  we  cannot  see 
how  it  is  to  be  repressed  in  the  way 
which  he  proposes.  There  was  a  time 
when  these  passions  were  in  their  in- 
fancy— when  this  will,  now  rigid  and  de- 
terminate, was  flexible  and  son — and  the 
moral  aeiue,  however  weak  and  faint,  ca- 
pable of  expansion  and  improvement: 
probably  this  persons's  education  was 
imperfect;  the  examples  around  him 
also  tending  to  foster  his  evil  disposi- 
tion. A  case  like  this  society  may  la- 
ment, but  surely  it  cannot  interfere 
with,  without  danger  of  introducing 
greater  evils  than  the  permission  of  this 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  ill. 


life  of  folly  and  mischief.  Besides,  is  it 
not  the  case,  that  the  two  species  of  in- 
sanity are  eeldom  found  quite  separate 
from  each  other  ?  A  long  continued  in- 
dulgence of  fierce  and  fiery  passions,  leads 
at  length  to  a  confirmed  malevolence  of 
heart ;  and  this  hoarded  and  cherished 
wickedness,  ever  brooding  over  its  loatii- 
some  schemes  of  revenge  and  hatred,  is 
sure  at  last  to  impair  tiie  soundness  and 
strength  of  the  intellect,  as  it  changes  even 
the  features  of  the  countenance ;  and  seems 
to  destroy  the  health  both  of  body  and  of 
mind.  We  wish  we  had  room  to  enlarge 
more  on  this  interesting  subject,  but  we 
most  eamesdy  recommend  to  the  medical 
and  philosophical  reader  the  able  pamph-. 
let  that  has  called  our  attention  to  it. 

ne  Animal  Kingdom,  ky  Baron  Cn-> 
vier.  Tranalated  by  Edward  Grif. 
iitii — Flak.  Part  ATX/.— Another  ad- 
mirable part  of  Cuvier's  most  learned 
work,  with  a  very  interesting  intro- 
duction; the  work  itself,  of  course, 
would  bear  none  but  a  long  and  learned 
analysis.  We  find  that  Cuvier  infers 
that  the  aneiente  were  acquainted  with 
about  150  apeciee  qf  fith,  nearly  all  that 
were  edible  in  the  Mediterranean.  This 
reminds  us  to  ask  of  our  learned  readers, 
from  what  the  Latin  name  of  the  stur- 
geon, *  acipenser,'  is  derived.  Is  it  (So- 
thic,  or  Persian,  and  how  formed  ? 

I.  VEcho  de  Paries  a  Selection  of 
Familiar  Phraeee,  ^e.  by  M.  A.  P.  Lepage. 

II.  Ruiee  for  the  Pronunciation  qfthe 
Drench  Language. — The  first  is  one  of  the 
best  works  of  the  kind  we  ever  read  ;  but 
in  a  few  instances  the  vocabulary  is  defec- 
tive. It  has  not  the  verb  '  ourler'  in  the 
first  page,  vrith  other  omissions.  The 
second  work  mentioned  contains  all  that 
can  be  learnt  from  books  regarding  cor- 
rectness of  pronunciation. 

A  Sermon  preached  at  Sellect,  co.  He- 
reford, by  Robert  Armitage,  B.A. — 
This  discourse  is  directed  against  the  sin 
of  drunJkenneM,  which  seems  very  preva- 
lent among  Mr.  Armitage's  parishioners, 
and  which,  indeed,  in  an  alarming  de- 
gree, is  spreading  its  pollution  most 
banefuUy  and  fearfViUy  over  the  lower 
orders:  we  did  not  know  before,  that 
even  that  grateful  and  refreshing  be- 
verage of  the  cider  countries,  was  abused 
for  the  purpose  of  brutal  intoxication. 
If  a  powerful  and  awakening  discourse, 
urged  with  affectionate  earnestness  from 
a  conscientious  and  zealous  pastor,  can 
help  to  correct  this  abominable  and  fatal 
evil,  destructive  of  every  virtue,  and  all 
usefulness,  Mr.  Armitage's  is  well  cal- 


410 


Mueelltmeoma  Review*. 


cnlated  to  eflect  the  parpoae.  Ab  a  co- 
roUai7  to  it,  we  nentioa  a  fut  whidi 
hu  lately  come  to  oar  knowledge,  that 
at  a  celebrated  gin-shop  in  the  eastern 
quarter  of  the  metropolis,  three  or  foar 
jouog  women  preside  at  different  coun- 
ters, each  of  whom  on  an  aTerage  takes 
Ji/ly  pound*  a  day  m  ht{fp«net .' !  We 
riioold  say,  from  some  knowledge  and 
obsenration,  that  the  lower  orders  in 
our  metropolis  were  nerer  in  snch  a  state 
of  demoralization  as  in  the  present  day ; 
which  is  principally  to  be  attnbnted  to  ha- 
bitual and  terrific  habits  of  intoxication. 

TSIe  Origin  and  Proffrtn  qf  AMtronomy, 
iy  John  Harrien,  F.R.S.— The  object 
of  this  work  is  to  indicate  the  probable 
origin,  and  to  trace  the  progress  of  Astro- 
nomical Science.  The  author  first  no- 
tices the  principal  phenomena  of  the  hea- 
vens ;  next,  the  manner  in  which  the  an- 
cients endeavoured  to  explain  the  consti- 
tution of  the  universe,  and  account  for  the 
movement  of  the  celestial  bodies.  The 
works  of  the  early  Greek  astronomers ; 
the  discoveries  of  Hipparchus ;  the  im- 
provements of  Ptolemy  ;  the  systems  of 
the  Arabians,  the  Hindoos,  and  the  Chi- 
nese, are  reviewed.  The  works  of  Kepler 
and  Tycho  Brahe  are  explained.  The 
theory  of  Newton  receives  its  due  atten- 
tion ;  and  lastly,  the  latest  discoveries  in 
the  heavens  are  all  registered. 

A  Deteriptiv*  Catalofpu  qf  Booka  in 
the  Library  qf  John  Holmes,  F.S.A. 
with  Notice*  qf  Author*  and  Printer*, 
Vol.  IV.  1834.  [Not  publithed.}— In 
our  Magazine  for  December  1833,  p.  53S, 
we  noticed  the  Zd  and  3d  volumes  of  Mr. 
Holmes's  valuable  Catalogue;  and  we 
there  expressed  a  wish  that  an  index 
should  M  added  to  the  three  volumes, 
and  also  to  have  a  portrait  of  the  re- 
spected collector.  Both  these  hints  have 
been  taken  up  by  Mr.  Holmes  in  this 
volume  ;  to  which  is  prefixed  a  striking 
likeness  of  our  worthy  flriend,  executed 
in  lithography  from  a  drawing  by  Mr. 
Love,  of  Norwich.  After  150  pages,  de- 
scriptive of  additional  articles,  Mr. 
Holmes  has  favoured  his  friends  with  a 
general  index  to  the  first  three  volomes, 
and  a  separate  index  to  the  fourth  volume. 

This  volume,  like  the  former  ones,  con- 
tains much  bibliographical  information; 
and  the  biographies  of  authors,  both  an- 
cient and  modern,  if  they  do  not  contain 
many  original  particulars,  tend  much  to 
enliven  the  catalogue,  which  is  one  of  the 
most  amusing  melanges  of  the  kind  we 
have  ever  noticed.  We  heartilv  wish 
Mr.  Holmes  may  live  long,  to  add  to  his 
eollection,  and  to  receive  presents  from 


[April, 

his  numerous  frifends,  which  we  obaerr* 
are  always  recorded  in  his  Catalogue. 

A  History  iff  British  Fukm,  ky  Wil. 
liam  Yarrell,  FJj.8. — The  present 
age  teems  with  works  on  natural  hisCorf , 
but  few  of  them  are  original.  One  per- 
son copies  from  aaodier,  and  thus  erron 
are  perpetuated,  and  but  few  new  fiscti 
are  recorded.  In  making  this  remark, 
we  are  aware  that  no  one  vroik  on  any 
branch  of  natural  historr  can  be  perfect. 
Almost  every  day  proauoea  some  new 
discovery,  and  so  innnite  and  varions  an 
the  ol^eiets  whldi  nature  preaents  to  at, 
that  this  probably  will  continae  to  be  tin 
case  tin  the  end  of  time.  What  we  want, 
therefore,  are  the  practical  remarks  of 
ont-door  naturalists;  of  those  who  an 
willing  to  submit  their  observationa  to 
the  public,  as  Mr.  White  of  Selbome 
did,  with  an  earnest  desire  to  add  to  the 
stock  of  general  information.  His  motto 
might  have  been  "  Die*  diem  doeet,"  and 
it  is  one  which  a  naturalist  should  never 
lose  sight  of.  Those  who  take  their  leC- 
sons  in  the  fields,  have  an  endleaa  op- 
portunity of  studying  die  genoine  chama 
of  nature,  and  they  will  lean  naore  by 
doing  so,  than  any  infoimatioB  they  emi 
derive  from  books. 

There  is,  however,  one  branch  of  na- 
taral  history  which  many  are  predoded 
fix>m  entering  upon,  and  we  consequently 
know  less  of  it  than  any  other.  We 
mean  the  habits  and  general  history  of 
fish.  The  very  element  they  inhabit  pre- 
sents an  obstacle  to  observation,  and  tiie 
result  is,  that  we  had  no  work  on 
British  fishes  which  could  at  all  be  de- 
pended on.  This  desideratum  haa  now 
been  supplied  by  Mr.  Yarrell,  and  the 
task  could  not  have  been  undotaken  by 
one  more  competent  for  it.  History  and 
patient  observations  an  earidied  by  a 
science  of  no  ordinary  kind,  and  he  only 
submits  his  work  to  the  public  when  hia 
facts  andclassifications  have  been  matured 
by  time,  and  received  Uie  ^>probation  of 
men  of  science  in  this  and  other  coun- 
tries. We  have  little  hesitation,  there- 
fore,  in  saying  that  the  work  before  us'is, 
perhaps,  the  most  perfect  of  its  kind 
which  has  been  yet  published.  It  is 
written  in  a  style  at  once  clear  and  sa- 
tisfectory,  and  the  illustrations  are  quite 
equal,  if  not  superior,  to  those  of  Bewick'a 
birds  and  quadrupeds.  Indeed,  we  hardly 
thought  it  possible  that  fish  could  be  so 
perfectly  represented  by  engravings  on 
wood,  and  we  refer  to  the  print  of  the 
perch  as  apioofof  this.  The  vignettes 
also  are  equally  well  executed,  and  we  an 
much  mistaken  if  they  will  not  excite 
general  admiration. 

We  will  now  proceed  to  give  one  or 


1835.] 


Miscellaneous  Rernews. 


411 


extracti 


u  work  lt5clf,  not 
ily  for  the  purpose  of  shewing  Mr.  Yar> 
"l'«  style  *a  a  writer,  but  aa  instances 
f  his  research ,  and  of  the  information  be 
lords: 

Th«  air-bladder  does  not  occur  in 
1^  fiabes;  some  fishes,  and  those  prio- 
Tcipally  that  live  near  the  bottnm  ■>!'  the 
[water,  are  without  any.  Among  those 
tpecies  that  have  an  air-bladder,  many 
appear,  qd  the  clofiest  cxaminntion,  to 
have  no  canal  or  tube  by  which  the  nir, 
with  which  the  bladder  is  more  or  less 
distended,  can  escape.  Muscles  for  com- 
pressing the  air-bladder,  are  obrious  in 
Bome  speciw,  and  wanting  in  others,  yet 
tke  air-bladder  apparently  performs  the 
same  service  in  aU.  The  air  found  in 
tlMse  bladders,  however  variable  in  its 
natoTe,  is  believed  to  be  secreted  by  the 
inner  lining  membrane,  and  in  some  in- 
stances by  a  red  body,  which  appears  to 
form  part  qf  the  walls  of  the  air-bladder 
itaclf,  and  is  made  use  of  in  minute  blood- 
Tessela  arranged  between  the  membranes. 
The  structure  of  the  conger-eel  wiU  amply 
repay  tbe  trouble  of  examinatioa." 

In  addition  to  these  interesting  facts, 
Mr.  Yarrell  tells  us  that  "  Uiose  fish  that 
lire  near  the  bottom  of  the  water,  have  a 
low  standard  of  respiration,  a  high  degree 
of  muscular  irritability,  and  less  necessity 
for  oxygen.  They  sustain  life  lung  after 
they  are  taken  out  of  the  water,  and  their 
flesh  remains  good  for  sereral  days.  The 
carp,  the  tench,  the  Tarioos  flat  fish,  and 
the  eel,  are  seen  gasping  and  writhing  on 
the  stalls  of  the  fishmongers  for  hours  in 
succession  ;  but  uu  one  sees  any  symptom 
of  motion  in  the  mackerel,  the  salmon, 
the  trout,  or  the  herring,  unless  present 
at  the  capture." 

We  cannot  take  our  leave  of  Mr.  Yar- 
rell's  work,  without  recommending  it 
again  to  tbe  attention  of  tbe  public,  which 
we  do  with  tJie  greatest  confidence.  We 
may  say,  in  the  words  of  "  father  Wal- 
ton," when  addressing  an  '*  honest  ang- 
ler," "  most  readers  may  receive  so 
much  pleasure  or  profit  by  it,  as  may 
make  it  worthy  of  the  time  of  their  pe- 
rusal, if  they  be  not  too  busy  men." 
Whoever,  in  short,  is  in  possession  of 
Bewick's  Birds  and  Quadrupeds,  should 
have  Mr.  Yarrelt's  work  on  British  Fiahea 
to  place  beside  them. 

TVn  Sermotu  preached  tn  the  Paritk 
Church  of  Tavutock.  By  the  Ret.  Whit- 
tingtou  H.  Landon,  M.A. — These  Ser- 
mons are  evidently  composed  by  a  man — 
we  should  guess  a  young  man — of  vigor- 
ous powers  of  mind,  but  somewhat  un- 
practised pen ;  nevertheless  they  display 
so  mnch  activity  and  originality  of  thought, 


that  we  are  convinced  Mr.  Landon  only 
requires  pains  and  study  to  raise  bim  to 
B  very  high  rnnk  atuong  moticrn  theologi- 
cal writers.  We  can  assure  him  thit,were 
he  to  give  himself  a  twelvemonths'  hard 
schooling  in  the  Mathematics,  and  as  much 
attentive  study  of  the  pure  but  highly 
rhetorical  style  of  Rose,  or  Robert  Hall, 
we  know  of  no  one  among  tbe  rising  ge- 
neration of  divines  who  might  effect  more 
fnr  the  cause  of  religion  and  the  Church. 
There  is  a  readiness  in  seizing  on  the 
strong  and  prominent  points  of  an  argu- 
ment, a  peculiar  skill  in  tbe  application 
of  Scripture,  and  a  strength  of  feeling 
which,  whatever  blemishes  we  may  be 
able  to  discover  by  perusal,  must  have 
rendered  these  sermons  peculiarly  forcible 
in  deliver;'.  A  highly  powerful  but  some- 
what extravagnut  pnlpit  rhetorician, 
apprehend,  is  responsible  for  no  small  pot 
tion  of  Mr.  Laudon's  faults,  so  contagious 
is  manner  in  compositions ;  for  we  ob- 
serve a  constant  recurrence  o( pet  eipres- 
sionn,  and  a  certain  ambling  cadence  in 
many  sentences  ;  which,  however  they 
may  pass  comparatively  unnoticed  in  the 
rapid  continuity  and  unsubdued  fearless 
singularity  of  Mr.  Melville's  style,  will 
by  no  means  amalgamate  with  the  abrupt 
transitions  of  Mr,  Landon's.  We  most 
earnestly,  however,  recommend  tliis  vo- 
lume to  tbe  perusal  of  all  who  can  appre- 
ciate acnteness  of  intellect,  and  strengths 
of  feeling,  and  to  tbe  author  its  careful' 
revisal.  To  the  last  sermon  we  would 
call  the  particular  attention  of  uur  readers 
as  tbe  most  correct  in  style,  and  certainly 
not  the  least  remarkable  fur  deep  thought. 


Exittence  qf  the  Soul  ofter  Death,  ^i 
btf  R.  C. — We  have  now  several  disserts 
lions  on  this  subject,  in  which  much  in- 
genuity  and  learning  have  been  displayed; 
but  we  consider  the  argument  in  favour' 
of  the  non-truMpenirion  ^f  the  facultiet  qf 
the   mind  and  rpirit,   to    outweigh    that 
which  advocates  their  sleep,  or  temporary 
oblivion.     This  is  the  side  also  adopted 
and  well  supported  by  tbe  present  au- 
thor:  but  the  great  mystery  still  remains,! 
and  must  remain  uneiplained, — How  the 
soul   or  spirit  of  man   can   exercise   its 
energies,  without  the  medium  of  the  body 
and  intervention  of  the  tenies.     The  va- 
rious arguments  on  either  side  of  this 
question,    arc    collected    in   Archbishop 
Whateley's  Sermons  from  a  Country  Pas- 
tor, but  it  is  hardly  clear  to  which  side 
the  learned  author  inclines. 

Ki$ay  on  the  habitual  Lrtveto  God  con- 
tidtred  at  a  Preparation  for  Heaven.    By 
Joseph  John  Gurncy. — This  little  work ' 
is  highly  to  be  recommended,  both  for  the 


412 


/Zmnctt.— -FMe  Arl$. 


[A^. 


Mondnertof  to  WMOBiBf  ana  the wMmtk 
of  iU  piety.  It  comet  fresh  and  para 
from  the  deep  foarces  of  «n  enlightened 
mind,  and  an  aifectionate  and  derotional 
heart  The  author  has  long  been  ho- 
nourably known  both  for  hi.  active  exer- 
tions  in  the  cause  of  forlorn  humanity, 
and  for  hi*  admirable  Treatise  on  the 
Evidences  of  the  Christian  Religion ;  and 
there  is  such  a  truly  evangelical  spirit 
breathing  through  this  his  last  work  be. 
fore  us,  as  cannot  fail  to  find  in  many 
hearts  a  congenial  soil  where  its  seed  will 
•ot  be  dropt  in  vain. 

T»«  Autobiofn^ky  t^f  Jmek  Keteh. 
Pmbluhed  by  £.  Churton. — As  apothe- 
caries and  chemists  form  neutral  salts  of 
alkalis  and  acids,  so  we  may  presume 
Mr.  Churton  intends  to  nentruixe  the 
dfect  of  one  of  his  publications  by  the 
ipirit  of  another ;  and  thus  he  gives  as 
at  once  the  mographjf  qf  Jack  KHek, 
and  the  Biblieml  Amimal;  Bhutrmtiom*  9f 
the  BUle,  and  the  Mtimoin  t^  MatUme 
Jwtot ;  but  this  is  not  a  safe  or  salutary 
plan :  the  mischief  which  maybe  wrought 
OB  the  feelings,  sensibilities,  and  virtues 
of  a  young  mind,  by  the  impure  and  vi- 
rions representations  of  the  one,  we  are 
not  at  all  sure  will  be  efhced  by  tlie  piety 
of  the  other.    Let  Mr.  Churton  abstain 


for  the  fotari  from  feodi  UognpUaa  m 
the  one  we  now  allude  to  ;  it  ia  BoCUaf 
but  a  revoking  and  hidaraa  pictue  of 
vice,  crime,  and  ousery. 

Mr.  Mun&AT'a  new  Edidoa  of  Bo»- 
tPtWf  Ltft  (ffjokmttm  will  be  conpiiaed 
in  eight  volumes,  to  be  pubUahed  montU^. 
The  first  volume  of  this  aocepteble  cditifM 
of  every-body'a  ftnrowite  BkigiiyiMii,  ia 
embellished  wkh  avriMfe-length  portnitef 
Dr.  Johnaon,  a  view  of  his  birtn-idaee  at 
Lidifield,  and  a  copy  of  the  print  of  tfaa 
Company  at  Tunbridge  Wdla  in  1746. 
The  present  editora  hm,  we  tUnk,  im- 
proved  on  tiie  anaagwaent  ia  Mr. 
Croker's  edition.  Their  plan  ia,  to  fcwm 
as  foot  notes  to  Bonrdl's  text  whatmr 
^>p«ared  to  bear  directly  oo  tlie  aahgeets 
therein  discussed,  oronnctaof  Johnaoa'a 
life  omitted  by  Boswell ;  leaenriag  liorthe 
seventh  and  ei|^th  volnmea  the  coawg- 
sational  fragments  of  variotubiograiilian. 
The  original  text  of  Boswell  will  ttMreian 
appear  pure  and  unbrokea.  We  ahaU 
watch  the  progress  of  this  work  witti  nsnek 
interest,  and  revert  to  it  agite  at  •  ftuara  . 
period. 

Mr.  Murray  has  also  annoaieeda  Barlaa 
of  Illustradona — Fbrtrait,  Laadaoape,  aad 
AatogrM)hical— of  the  varioaa  MwBiairB 
of  Dr.  Jidinson. 


FINE  ARTS. 


DeUneatioiu,  GngikiMl  and  Dtterip- 
tive,  f^f  Founlaint  Abbey.  By  J.  tntd 
H.  S.  Stoker.  4to.  18  pUtes.— Though 
Fountains  Abbey  has  been  a  favourite 
snlqeot  with  artists,  and  mnst  continue  so, 
— for  the  combinations  which  may  be 
ISonned  from  its  beautiful  and  extensive 
rains  are  inexhaustible, — ^yet  no  separate 
work  has  hitherto  been  dedicated  to  the 
task  of  giving  a  complete  series  of  its  se- 
veral portions.  We  should  do  injustice  to 
the  Ulessrs.  Storer,  if  we  did  not  mention 
that  the  present  views  are  chaiacterixed 
by  a  careful  attention  to  the  architecture, 
as  well  as  to  picturesque  effect}  though 
thi«  remark  is  unnecessary  to  titose  who 
are  acquainted  with  their  former  merito- 
rious works.  The  engravings  are  executed 
in  the  bold  and  firm  style  of  the  old  school ; 
the  dfBcription  iM  a  sensible  and  jndieious 
compilation  from  the  best  published  ao- 
thorities,  among  whom  it  will  be  remem- 
bered ia  the  able  topographer.  Dr.  Wbita- 
ker,  in  his  History  of  Craven.  The  work 
deserves  a  place  by  the  side  of  Britton's 
Cathedrals,  snd  Ferrey's  Christchurch. 


ne  CkatUt  tftke  S»flitk  tmd  aetUkk 
Bordtr i /rom ordinal drmwim^  IfpT.  M. 
RiCBAKoaoN ;  wUk  i«teripti9»  tmd  M*. 
toric  iUtutratuMU.  Imperial  Qaarto. 
Pkrts  I.  II. — ^Mr.  Richarcbon  is  an  aitist 
of  Newcastle,  and  his  views  are  vnry  ef- 
fectively executed  by  his  own  IhumI,  ia 
aquatint.  There  are  also  some  very  taatefal 
etchings,  as  vignettes.  The  interaat  of 
the  su^jeot  speaks  tat  itself:  it  ia  one 
which  well  desierves  to  have  a  volame,  aad 
that  a  handsome  one  like  the 
devoted  to  its  immediate  illustiatiOB. 


Wa)»tUrmf»  tknmgk  North  Wmlm,  hy 
Thomas  Roscoa,  Btq.  with  mgrmwin§»t 
by  W.  Rade^ifijirom  drawmym  byCtUtr- 
mole,  Cox,  and  Cmwiek.  Part  I.  Bvo. 
The  best  account  we  could  give  of  this 
work  would  be  to  describe  it  as  a  Land- 
scape Annual,  only  it  is  to  be  published 
in  tixteen  Monthly  portions^  Mr.  Rad- 
clyffe's  burin  has,  in  this  number,  dis- 
played to  the  best  advantage  a  beantifal 
landsci4>e  of  the  Vale  of  Llangollen,  takea 
from  Sir  W.  W.  Wynn's  terrace;  the 
cascade  of  Caonaqt  Mawr  ;  and  a  clever 


1835.] 


Fine.  Jrtt. 


413 


forest  Boene   by  Cattermole,  with    Uie 
dei^of  Prince  Llewellyn. 


WiNXLBs'  CathedraU.  Part  III.  The 
three  views  of  the  Churcli  of  Canterbury,  in 
this  number,  are  deserving  of  high  praise  ; 
and  irill,  we  tiiink,  increase  the  desires 
of  those  friends  of  the  work  who  recom- 
mend its  extension,  so  that  they  may 
have  more  than  a  taste  of  the  beauties  oi 
each  edifice.  We  are  sorry  the  Editor  is 
M  pertinacious  in  his  errors,  and  resents 
■o  much  the  remarks  we  thought  proper 
to  make  on  his  first  number :  he  now  re- 
joins to  OS,  that  the  cathedrals  of  Scot- 
land "  are  not  cathedrals  of  Great  Bri- 
tain :"  now,  without  teazing  him  with  the 
dicta  of  the  ancient  geographers,  we  will 
content  oaraelves  with  informing  him,  that 
the  modem  sense  of  "  Great  Britain,"  as 
expressed  in  the  regal  style  of  our  sove- 
reigns from  the  accession  of  James  the 
First,  is  undeniably  England  and  Scotland, 
it  behig  James's  intention  (however  little 
that  was  rq^arded,)  to  abolish  the  diatinc- 
tire  names  of  the  two  countries.  The 
publishers,  however,  seem  wiser  than  the 
editor ;  for  the  title  of  the  work  no  longer 
inclndea  the  words  we  objected  to. 


Map  (tf  tht  World.  Darton.— This 
■piiitad  publisher  has  just  brought  out  a 
Map  of  the  World  on  Mercator's  pro- 
jection, by  which  the  whole  globe  is  pre- 
sented on  a  square  surface  at  one  view, 
accompanied  by  suitable  directions  for 
measuring  the  real  distances  of  different 
places  in  every  latitude  or  longitude ;  the 
principle  of  Mercator's  projection  being— > 
the  higher  the  latitude,  the  more  distant 
will  all  places  there  situated  appear  to  the 
eye, — the  lines  of  longitude  being  given 
as  parallel  to  each  other,  instead  of  tend- 
ing orbicularly  to  the  poles,  as  on  the 
common  globes. 

As  far  as  we  have  examined  into  the 
details  of  this  Map,  it  appears  remarkably 
accurate,  and  the  neatness  of  colouring 
and  outline  by  which  each  country  is  dis- 
tinguished will  afford  material  aid  to  geo- 
graphical reference.  But  perhaps  the 
most  valuable  feature  of  the  whole  is  the 
introduction  of  the  new  discoveries  effect- 
ed by  the  enterprising  spirit  of  English 
travellers.  In  North  America,  especially, 
we  observe  that  the  discoveries  of  Cap- 
tains Parry,  Franklin,  and  Ross  are  given 
with  correct  minuteness — particularly  the 
gulf  and  peninsula  of  Boothia,  Regent's 
Inlet,  the  site  of  the  north-west  mag- 
netic pole,  &c. ;  which  in  maps  of  even 
comparatively  recent  date  are  entirely 
omitted. 


BsiTTON'a  Paiatiat  Rdifieu  t^Wnt- 
mkuler,  Part  II.  The  plates  here  given 
are  so  interesting  that  we  are  induced  to 
enumerate  them,  as  we  did  those  in  the 
First  Part.  They  are,  1.  a  Plan  com- 
prising the  whole  parliamentary  buildings, 
courts  of  law,  &e.  between  New  Palace 
Yard  and  Abingdon  Street,  showing  mi< 
nutely  every  portion  and  the  exact  ^m  of 
the  late  fire ;  9-  three  windows  with  xig- 
zag  mouldings  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Isite 
House  of  Lords,  now  just  at  the  back  of 
the  reporters'  gallery  in  the  House  of 
Commons ;  forming  one  of  the  most  in- 
teresting tokens  of  the  original  Norman 
palace,  and  showing  the  remote  antiquity 
of  the  walls  within  which  the  Lower  House 
is  now  assembled ;  3.  the  eaat  end  of  St. 
Stephen's  Chapel,  with  the  ancient  tracery 
appearing  behind  Wyatt's  cement  woric ; 
and  4,  the  vestibule  at  its  west  end,  beau- 
tiful even  in  min.  All  these  plates  are 
interesting  records  of  the  late  great  cala- 
mity.— In  Part  III.  are  oontained,  1.  a 
curious  section  of  St.  Stephen's  Chapel, 
and  of  the  late  House  of  Commons  as  built 
within  it,  not  forgetting  th&  great  vm- 
tilator,  so  often  surrounded  by  political 
blue-stockings;  2.  the  Painted  Chamber 
(now  the  House  of  Lords)  as  in  ruins ;  3. 
a  remarkable  ancient  staircase  at  Hm 
south-east  angle  of  the  same ;  and  4.  an 
exterior  view  of  the  ruins  of  St.  Stephen's, 
very  tastefully  selected  by  Mr.  Billings, 
the  draughtsman,  and  one  which  might 
form  a  very  effective  picture  if  drawn  on 
a  much  lai^er  scale.  We  know  of  no  pre- 
ceding architectural  work  which  has  pos- 
sessed so  great  and  so  public  an  interest 
as  the  present. 

Baktlbtt's  Viewi  in  SwUstrland, 
ParU  v.— VIII.  TMs  work  maintains 
its  reputation  in  a  course  of  glowing 
and  sun-shiny  plates,  well  worthy  of  the 
beautiful  and  magnificent  scenes  they 
represent. 


Shav'8  S^McimentqfBlixaMhan  Ar- 
ekiieeiMre,  Parts  II.  III.  contain  some 
very  curious  portions,  particularly  firom 
Montacute  House,  Somerset,  and  Loseley 
in  Surrey.  In  the  genuine  remains  of  the 
Elizabethan  age,  there  is  seldom  such  an 
elegance  of  the  entire  design,  as  to  make 
the  whole  deserving  of  imitation ;  but 
there  are  many  features  so  appropriate 
to  domestic  architecture,  and  particularly 
to  countrymansions.soconvenientiand  so 
picturesque,  that  the  modem  artist  may 
adapt  them  with  the  best  effect.  The  great 
accuracy  of  Mr.  Shaw's  pencil  stamps  the 
highest  value  upon  this  work. 


414 


[April, 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


Kctv  Worki  announced  for  PuhUcativn. 
Annals  of  Lacock  Abbey,  in  the  county 
of  Wilts ;  with  memoriuU  of  the  Foun- 
dress Ela  Countess  of  Sulisbury,  und  the 
Is  of  the   Houses  of  Salisbury  (Mvd 
ongespc.     By  the  Rev.  W.  L.  BowiJis, 
,juion  of  Sarum. 
The  IXth  Number  of  the  CollecUnea 
JTopographica  et   (Jenealogica,  will  con- 
in,  ainong  other  articles,  the  valuation 
Biftbops*  Lands  throughout  the  King* 
.jin,  temp.  Charles  L  now  first  published 
rom  the  Rawlinson  MSS. 
The  Life  and  Times  of  William  the 
fThinl,  King  of  England.     By  the  Hon. 
Arthur  Trbvor,  F.A.S. 

The  Rev.  S.  Hyde  Cassak.  F.  S.  A., 

!  bas  "  The  Lives  of  the  Archbishops  of 

Canterbury"  in  an  advanced  state,  to  ap- 

Ppearas  an  accompaniment  to  his  "  Lives 

of  the  Bishops  of  Salisbury,"  Ac. 

The  Memoirs  and  Correspondence  of 
Robert  Lord  Clive,  collected  from  the 
family  papers  at  Wolcot,  and  other 
uurcea.    By  Siit  John  Mautolm. 

Obaemtions  on  the  Nutural  History 
and  Productions  of  British  Gniuna, 
founded  on  a  long  residence.  By  John 
Hancock,  M.D. 

Mr.  AuLiKio's  Journal  of  a  Visit  to 
Constantinople,  with  lllustrBtions  by 
(George  Cruiksbank. 

The  Mechanics  of  Law- Making,  bjr 
A&TUUE  Symonds,  Esq. 

Provincial  Sketches,  by  the  Author  of 
The  L'snrer's  Daughter. 

Travclsin  Northern  Greece,  with  Map«, 
PUns,  &c.  By  W.  M.  Leake,  F.R.S. 
A  Memoir  of  the  late  Rev.  J.  Hughes, 
Originator  of  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society.  By  the  Rev.  J.  Leif- 
CUtLU. 

Select  Memoirs  of  Port  Royal ;  to 
which  is  appended,  Launcelol's  Tour  to 
A  let. 

A  Sermon  preached  before  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cambridge,  on  the  day  of  the 
funeral  of  the  Duke  of  Gloucester.  By 
Tho.  Tl'rton.  D.D. 

Lives  of  Catholic  Missionaries  By 
John  Carnk.  Esq. 

The  Episcopal  Form  of  Charch  Go- 
vernment: its  A  ntiquitv,  its  Expediency, 
and  its  Conformity  to  the  Word  of  Crod. 
By  the  Rev.  J.  Meully,  Minister  of  St. 
John's,  Truro. 

Tbe  Doctrind  Errori  of  the  Apostlea 
and  Eaily  Fathers.     By  W.  OsairRN. 

Com  Law  Rhymes;  forming  the  Third 
Volume  of  the  Works  of  Ebckezcr  £l- 

UOTT. 

The  Book  of  Family  Praver,  by  the 


Editor  of  the  "  Book  of  Private  Pniycr.' 

On  the  General  Principles  of  Pobtical 
Representation,  and  on  the  VicisMludca 
in  the  Value  of  Money.  By  tbe  Author 
of  "  Essays  on  tbe  Fofmation  of  Opi- 
nions." 

Martinet's  ManuAl  of  Patbology. 
ed  by  Jonf.s  Quain,  M.D.,  Profe«sor  < 
Anatomy  and  Physiology  in  the   Univcv- 
sity  of  London. 

The  third  edition  of  the  Autobiography 
of  a  Disseuting  Minister,  containing  an 
answer  to  the  reviewers  of  tbe  former 
editions. 

The  Artist;  or,  Young  Ladies'  In- 
structor in  Ornaroenwl  Puinting,  Draw, 
ing,  Hic.     By  B.  F.  Ganoek,  Teacher. 

Rambles  in  Northumberland  and  on 
the  Scotish  border.  By  S.  OLn-E&,  tbe 
Younger. 

The  final  Number  of  Mr.  Biutton's 
*'  Hiitory  of  H'ofcttler  Cnt/iedral^"  is  now 
printing,  and  will  be  completed  in  the 
course  of  a  few  weeks  The  preface  will 
contain  some  explanations  and  remarks  on 
the  delay  that  baa  occurred — on  the  public 
patroniu!C  of  cmbcllitihed  books,  and  par- 
ticularly tliat  of  the  Clerical  dignitariea 
of  tbe  country — on  the  comparetire  pod- 
tion  of  the  literary  with  other  profea- 
sioiial  characters — on  the  Author's  occu- 
pation  nnd  tubours,  from  tbe  lime  he 
penned  the  brief  Autobiographic  Essay,  in 
the  third  volume  of  the  Beauties  of  Wilt- 
shire— on  the  unjust  tax  on  Literature, 
which  continues  to  disgrace  tbe  statutes 
of  the  realm,  &c  &c. 

The  third  .VuHiitr  of  the  "^rehkectM. 
ritl  Dictionary, "  by  the  same  Author,  is 
gradually  advancing.  All  tbe  eagnvinn 
are  finished  and  printed  \  and  most  of  toe 
words  in  letters  C-  and  D.  are  nearly 
ready  for  the  pnnter,  and  it  is  his  inten- 
tion to  proceed  with  the  work  with  all 
the  rapidity  that  is  comjiatible  with  criti- 
cal care. 


KOYAL   ftOCIETV. 

Pel.  2«.  J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq.  V.P. 

Mr.  Bishop's  paper  on  tbe  Human 
Voice  was  resumed  and  concluded. 

.VcrcA  5.  Sir  B.  C.  Brodie,  V.P. 

Read,  on  tbe  discovery  of  the  meta* 
raorphoses  of  Cirrbipedes,  a  speciea  of 
barnacles,  by  L  V.  Thomson,  esq. 
F.L.S. ;  and  A  new  method  ofdiscover> 
ing  tbe  equations  of  Caustics,  by  G.U.S. 
Johnson,  M.  A.  of  Oxford. 

March  l«.   Rev.  Dr.  Jenningti.  V.  P. 

Read,  Researcfaea  towards  esublishing 
a  theory  of  tbe  Dispersion  of  Light,  by 
the  Rev.  Baden  Powell,  F.R.S.  Sari- 
lian  Profewor  of  Astronomy  i  andanar- 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


i 


count  of  the  twcnty.four  feet  zenith  Te. 
leacope,  lately  erected  at  the  Royal 
Observatory,  by  John  Pond,  esq.  F.  R.S. 
Asironomer  Royal,  in  continuation  of  u 
former  paper. 

March  19.  Sir  John  Rcnnic,  V.P. 

Read,  Some  account  of  the  eruption  of 
Vesuvius,  in  1834s  by  Professor  Dau- 
"    [ly,  M.D.  F.R.S. 

aOYAL  ASIATIC  SOCIETY. 

Feb.  28.  A  paper  wns  read  on  the 
organization  of  a  Siamese  army,  by 
Capt.  Low.  The  anchor  stated,  that  a 
Siamese  army  was  levelled  by  coiucrip- 
tion,  and  that  the  relatives  of  the  con> 
scripts  are  held  as  pledges  for  their 
fidelity. 

March  19.  A  general  meeting  was 
held  at  the  Society's  house  in  Oraf^on. 
street.  Amongst  the  donations  liiid  upon 
the  table,  was  a  copy  of  the  loti^-esppcted 
Dictionary  of  the  Tibetan  LanRuagc,  by 
the  learned  Hungarian,  M.  Csoma  dc 
Ktiros.  It  vvaN  presented  to  the  Society 
by  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Ben^ral.  The 
author  in  his  preface  states  that  the  lite- 
rature of  Tibet  is  entirely  of  Indian 
origin.  The  immense  volumcN  on  dif- 
ferent branches  of  science,  &e.  being 
exact  or  faithful  trnnslatians  from  Sans. 
crit  works  taken  from  Bengal,  Magadha, 
Gangetic  or  Central  India,  C'ashmir  atjd 
Nep&l,  commencing  the  seventh  century 
after  Christ;  nnd  that  many  of  these 
works  have  been  translated  (mostly  from 
Tibetan)  into  the  Mongol,  Almitchixi, 
and  Chinese  languages:  so  Chat,  by  this 
means,  the  Tibetan  beeame  in  Cfaine!«c 
Tartary  the  languape  of  the  learned,  as  in 
Europe  the  Latin  is. 

The  paper  read  to  the  meeting  con- 
sisted of  an  extract  from  the  valuable 
MSS.  presented  by  Cuiitaitj  James  Low, 
on  the  Tenasserim  countr)'.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  portion  of  what  was  read,  and 
may  be  considered  interesting  to  our  an- 
tiquariaii  readers:  — "  The  heraldry  of 
£uro|H:  has  evidently  derived  its  origin 
from  the  East ;  and  it  v^-us  intimately 
associated  with  religion  and  superstition. 
Maurice  observes,  that  by  the  same  hardy 
race — the  descendants  of  the  Tartar 
tribes  which  tenanted  the  north  of  Asia — 
were  introduced  into  Europe  armarial 
bearings,  which  were  originally  nothing 
more  than  hieroglypbical  Rymbols,  mostly 
of  a  religious  allusion,  that  distinguished 
the  banners  of  the  ^mtentatcs  of  Asia. 
The  eagle  belongs  to  the  ensign  of  Vish- 
noo,  the  bull  to  thai  of  Siva,  and  the 
falcon  to  that  of  Rama.  The  sun  rising 
behind  a  recumbent  lion  blazed  on  the 
ancient  ensign  of  the  Tartar;  and  the 
eagle  of  the  sun  on  that  of  the  Persians. 


The  Humscn,  or  Famous  goose,  one  of  the 
incarnations  of  Boodha,  is  yet  the  chief 
emblem  of  Burman  banneri^i.  The  Rus- 
sians, no  doubt,  had  their  standard  from 
the  eastern  nations  ;  it  is  the  type  of  Ga- 

ruda.    The  Islamites  took  the  crescent 

a  fit  emblem  either  of  a  rising  or  declining 
empire,  and  of  their  primeval  worship." 

STATrHTICAL  SOCIETY. 

March  16.  The  first  anniversary  of 
this  Society  was  very  numerouiily  at- 
tended, the  Mar(]uis  of  Lansdowne,  the 
President,  being  in  the  cbair.  The  ac- 
tual number  of  its  Fellows  was  398: 
and  corresponding  provincial  societies 
are  either  formed,  or  are  on  the  point  of 
formation,  in  various  parts  of  the  King- 
dom. The  receipts  for  the  past  year 
amounted  to  1207/.  J  Of,  and  the  expenses 
to  49R  lOi.  lOrf.,  liesides  subscriptions 
due,  umounting  to  131/.  4f. 

I.O.SDON  L'.vivEasrrY. 

Feb.  25.  The  annual  general  meeting 
of  the  proprietors  took  place.  The  num- 
ber of  the  students  in  the  faculties  of  the 
arts  and  law  was  last  year  122,  this  year 
137;  students  in  medicine  last  year  347, 
this  371,  Pupils  in  the  junior  schools 
284>  and  this  year  iJCKj.  The  total 
amount  of  receipts  last  year  9,890/.  3*.  and 
this  year  997U  IGi,  8cf.  The  extraordi- 
nary expenses  of  the  year  amounted  to 
\2\%l.\6t.9d.  The  pecuniary  prospects 
of  the  proprietors  have  not  improved.  It 
was  stated  that  all  hope  of  any  return, 
either  of  principal  or  interest,  is  at  an  end; 
and  us  one  of  the  principal  objections  to 
grunting  a  churttT  to  this  institution  has 
been  that  it  is  a  joint-stock  company,  in 
order  to  obviate  this  objection,  Mr.  Tooke 
proposed  that  the  proprietors  should  con- 
tient  to  "  relinquish  this  nominal  interest" 
altogether.  This  proposition  was  indig- 
nantly rejected  by  Colonel  Leicester  Stan- 
hope and  others,  and  withdrawn. 

On  the  5f6th  of  March  Mr.  Tooke 
brought  forvrard  his  motion  in  the  House 
of  Commons  for  an  address  to  his  Ma- 
jesty, beseeching  him  lo  gront  his  Royal 
Charter  of  Iiieurporaiioii  to  the  Univer- 
sity, as  approved  in  the  year  1831  by  the 
then  law  officers  of  the  Crown,  and  con- 
taining  no  other  restriction  than  against 
conferring  degrees  in  divinity  and  in  me- 
dicine Mr.  GouUuirn  moved  an  amend- 
ment, that  there  should  he  laid  before  the 
House  all  the  petitions  and  proceedings 
on  ibe  subject;  but  evcntuallv,  the  num- 
bers were,  for  Mr.  Tookc's  motion,  246; 
against  it,  ]30^roajority,  110. 

THE   UNITED   SEHVICK  itfSEU.M. 

March  7.  The  annual  meeting  of  the 
members  of  the  Na\-al  and  Military  Li- 
brary   and    Museum,    which     has    now 


i 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


changed  its  tide  to  the  above,  m'uk  held 
It  the  Thatched  House  Tavern.  Sir 
Edward  Codrington  took  the  chair. 
Captuia  Stoddurt  (the  Secretary)  read 
the  report.  Tlie  increase  of  niemhers  in 
the  last  year  whs  .'^97,  and  the  total  num- 
ber is  now  3.977,  The  number  of  the 
visitors  since  the  openm^  uf  the  house  in 
August.,  1833,  was  13,376,  averaging  73U 

ter  month.  A  balance  remained  in  the 
ends  of  the  TresAurer,  aftiir  defniyiiig 
all  current  expenses, of  17Glf.  1Q«.  Great 
benefits  are  derived  to  the  Society  from 
the  csrablLihroent  of  local  committees  in 
various  parts  of  the  world,  and  frona  the 
facilities  aiTurded  by  Government  trana. 
ports  in  the  transmission  of  apecimenB 
front  distant  parts;  the  library  has  been 
considerably  extended  during  the  pasit 
year.  The  Mastei- General  uf  the  Ord- 
nance had  directed  a  duplicate  of  anna 
from  the  reign  of  Cromwell,  to  be  depo- 
sited in  the  Museum,  which  it  is  intended 
to  class  chronologirail^  with  those  already 
ooltected.  Af>cr  noticing  the  establieb- 
ment  of  lecturea  and  geography,  the  roag. 
Dfftism  of  the  earth,  naval  nrchitertiire, 
astronomy,  ^c,  the  report  concluded  by 
inviting  communications  upon  all  branches 
of  knowledge  connected  with  the  na^-al 
and  military  professions,  especially  on  tac- 
ticd,  topography,  and  hydrography  of 
Cfnmtries,  the  probable  elFect  of  steam 
jwwer,  as  applied  to  the  purposes  of  war, 
and  the  adoption  of  other  modem  inven- 
tions and  improvements,  Jtc 

The  Chairman  intimated  the  retire- 
ment of  the  Secretary,  C^apt.  Stoddart, 
who  has  been  appointed  Military  Secre- 
tary to  the  expt'dition  about  to  proce<'d  to 
Persia:  a  vote  of  tbanlcs  was  then  passed 
to  him. 

TU£  MAaVLRBONK  UTERABY  AND  tCIEN- 
Tinc  IKBTITUTION, 

March  4.  The  Mrenony  of  opening 
tke  newly-acquired  theatre  of  this  Society 
took  place  at  their  house,  in  Edward- 
street,  Portman -square.  It  is  a  neat 
and  oomraodious  saloon,  without  being 
too  large;  constructed  conveniently  to 
.accommodate  an  audience  of  upwards  of 
600  person.*.  Lord  Brougham  presided 
in  the  chair. 

Mr.   Hemming,  the  Cbairroan  of  the 

Societ)',  entered  into  a  minul«  detail  of 

the  origin  of  the  institution.     Like  many 

otben  more  important,  it  had  sprung  up 

by  cbance ;  a  bequest  of  minerals  had  led 

to  an  inquiry  into  mineralogy,  and,  from 

tbe  want  of  information  on  this  subject, 

ftfinr  persons  were  nutde  aware  of  their 

^^  neeesnty   for  further   instrucUon-     Ori. 

^^M^lly  there  were  only  eleven  members, 

^^^Bir  next  quarter   (here  W(f«  rigbty-tw(\ 


N 


the  gratuitous  lectures  and  support  of 
Dr.    C'opland,     Dr.     Ritchie^    Professor 
Bemie,  Sir  A.  Carlisle,  and  other  distin. 
guished  men,  it  had  arisen  to  its  present 
state;  and,   with  tbe  patronage  of  Lord 
iirougham,  boasted  of  a  library  of  S,50U 
volumes,   and  a  fair  proportion  of  sub- 
scribers,    Mr.    Buckingham,  M.  P.  and 
other  Gentlemen   having  addressed   the 
meeting — Lord  Brougham  rose,  and  spoke 
for  nearly  two. hours,  going  through  the  va- 
rious points  of  the  system  of  instruction 
and  spread  of  education  he  has   ko  fre- 
quently advocated.  He  noticed  tbe  rise  of 
M>cieties  similar  to  the  present,  which  he 
dated    from   the   period  of  that  *'  great 
event"  in  ]B23or  lii2i,  when  the  Mecha- 
nics"  Institute  rose  within  the  metropo- 
lis.    It  was  true  that  Dr.  Birkbeek  had 
I'xpended  nearly  4,000/.  in  the  building, 
and  bad  only  beeu  remunerated  MX)/.,  but 
he  derived  a  most  honourable  interest  for 
his  capital  in  tbe  opinion  of  all  good  and 
worthy   men.      After    some  lengthened 
observations  on  tbe  natund  progress  of 
knowledge,  and  its  reflection  from  one 
clas.«  of  tbe  community  to  another,  tbe 
Noble  and  Learned  Lord  adverted  to  the       ^m 
occasion  of  his  presence  at  the  meediig.       ^| 
He  (aid  he  did  not  attend  there  for  self-       ^1 
glorilicBtion  and   display.      He  wai   no 
seeker  after  self-glonbcation ;  nav,  so  fu 
from  it,  that  of  not  omsthouaandtJl  part 
of  wlmt  he  had  written  was  be  considered 
the  author.    In  conjunction  with  a  friend, 
he  had,  for  the  bi!,t  twenty  years,  ammwi 
the  hours  he  could  steal  from  his  profes- 
sional duties  with  writing  lectures,  which 
were  delivered  in  diiTerent  paru  of  the 
country ;  and  no  one  dreamed  wbo  were 
their  composers. 

UJBTrnrriON  or  civil  EvotNcuia. 

Feb.  23,  At  a  special  meeting  of  the 
Council,  the  following  extract  from  the 
will  of  the  late  Thomas  Teifoi^  Esq., 
was  read  : 

"  To  the  President  for  the  lime  bring 
of  the  Ci\il  Engineer  Institution,  in 
trust,  tl»c  interest  to  be  expended  in  an- 
nual premiums,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Council,  2m)0L  All  my  8cientJ6c  booka* 
book -cases,  prints,  and  such  drawings  aa 
my  executors  shall  consider  suitable,  are 
to  be  delivered  to  the  President  of  the 
Civil  Engineer  Institution,  for  its  use 
and  benefit,  on  condition  that  all  thuae 
articles  as  well  as  the  books,  prints,  and 
drawings,  alreadjT  presented  byme«aball, 
in  case  of  tbe  caid  Institution  being  dta. 
continued,  be  delivered  to  the  Uoyal 
Society,  Edinburgh,  for  its  use." 

It  was  then  resolved,  upon  -'■■''—,. 

arion  of  the  above  bequest  < 

higbly-cateemedaud  much  ludi 

fiidcDt,  that — Ist   The  premium*  tw  b* 


1835.} 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


given  be  both  of  an  honorary  and  pecu- 
niary nature. — 2nd.  That  the  honorary 
premiums  consifit  of  mcdulsi  in  gold,  «ilvvr, 
and  bronze,  to  b«  called  the  "  Telford 
Medals,"  with  the  hcud  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent  on  one  vide,  surrounded  by  the 
words,  **  Institution  of  i'AvW  Engineers, 
founded  ]ftl8;  "  and  on  the  other,  "  Tel- 
i'ord  Medal."  and  a  «uicahte  device,  leav- 
ing a  space  for  the  nuine  of  the  buceesaful 
candidate,  and  the  ohjectofthe  reward; 
or  such  other  description  of  honorary  me- 
dals, and  of  such  size  un*J  vaitie.^  as  ^^hall 
be  detcntiincd  by  the  Council. — 3rd.  That 
the  principal  subjects  for  which  premiums 
will  be  given,  are — !.  Dcscrij>ti«ris,  hc- 
companied  by  plans  and  explanatory 
drawings  of  any  work  in  em\  enginpcr- 
ing,  as  far  as  ah^ulutely  executed ;  which 
>h&ll  contain  authentic  details  of  the  pro- 
gre»*  of  the  work.  (Smcaton's  Account 
of  the  Edystone  Light-House  may  be 
taken  as  an  example)  —  2.  Models  or 
drawings,  with  descriptions,  of  useful  en- 
ginei  and  mtiebincs ;  plans  of  harbours, 
bridges,  roadii,  rivers,  canals,  minefi,  &c.; 
surveys  and  sections  of  districts  of  coun- 
try. — 3.  Practical  essays  on  subject*  eon- 
nected  with  civil  engineering,  such  as 
geology,  mineralogy,  chemistry,  physics, 
mechanic  arts,  piatifilics,  Bgriculturc,  &c. ; 
together  with  model.s,  drawings,  or  de- 
scriptions of  any  new  and  useful  appara- 
tus, or  instruments  applicable  to  the  pur- 
poses of  engineering  or  surveying. — 4th. 
No  premiums  can  be  given  until  the  next 
session  of  the  Institution  ;  bi»t  any  com- 
munications prescjited  during  the  present 
session,  will  be  considered  as  subjects  for 
premiums  of  1836:— 5th,  The  number  or 
nature  of  premitiras  to  be  determined  by 
the  Council. — 6th.  The  premimns  to  he 
distributed  to  the  successful  candidates  at 
a  special  general  meeting  at  the  end  of 
the  session. —  jth  In  the  distrilmliou  of 
premiums,  no  di<(tiiirtion  will  be  made 
between  natives  and  foreigncTH. 

The  friends  of  Mr,  Telford  met  on 
the  21st  ult.  to  make  arrangements  for 
having  a  suitable  monument  erected  to 
his  memory  in  Westminster  Abbey. 

DR.    KIX)8S'S    LIUKARY, 
AND  THE   MELANCrUO.V   MAN' L'SC RIFTS. 

An  extraordinary  degree  of  interest  i)i 
likely  to  be  excited  this  season  by  the 
sate  by  auction  (May  7  to  May  29)  of  the 
Library  of  Dr.  Kloss  of  Frnnckfort,  in- 
cluding many  original  and  unpublished 
MSS.  and  Iwoks  with  MS.  annotations. 
Theae  were  fortunately  confided  to  the 
care  and  skill  of  Messrs.  Sothchy  and 
Son,  the  well-known  book  auctioneers; 
who,  in  preparing  the  collection  for  sale, 
were  the  lirbt  to  discover  lluti  n  consider- 
able  number  of  the  books  had  bcLii  either 

G«,NT.  Maw.  Vol,  iU. 


4rr 


the  propertv,  or  had  passed  through  the 
hands  of  tne  celebrated  reformer  Me- 
LANCTHO.S,  and  had  been  enriched  by  co- 
pious annotations  from  bis  pen.  Prefixed^ 
to  the  Catalogue  is  a  concise  and  neat  bio- 
graphical sketch  of  the  life  of  Melanc- 
ihoti;  to  which  the  compiler  {Mr.  S, 
Leigh  Sotbeby)  bos  added  at  some  length 
bis  reasons  for  supposing  so  many  of  these 
writings  in  the  form  of  MS.  compositions, 
or  annotations  upon  printed  books,  al- 
though written  in  such  various  characters, 
are  all  from  the  pen  of  the  same  eminent 
Reformer.  This  discovery,  if  it  can  be  sa- 
tisfactorily established,  will  be  one  of  the 
most  extraordinary  in  the  iinnals  of  lite- 
rature, and  cannot  fail  of  rivctting  the 
attention  of  all  lovers  of  bibliography. 
To  enable  the  reader  better  to  judge  of 
the  prohabitity  of  this  sirrgular  discovery, 
the  Catalogue  is  itiustntted  by  eight  platcji 
of  lithognipliic  fac-Nimiles,  containing 
specimens  of  the  various  styles  of  hand- 
writing  supposed  to  he  used  by  Melanc- 
thon.  The  tirst  plate  contains  specimens 
from  Melancthon's  t'ommon-  Phice  iJook. 
Plate  IL  has  specimens  from  the  Latin 
Bibles,  NorimbeiTg,  1 177,  described  by 
the  compiler  of  the  Cotalogne,  as  **  the 
highest  tnonuinent  of  the  overwhelming 
leamingandpious  industry  of  IVIelancthon. 
The  margins  arc  Ittcraliy  tilled  with  com- 
mentaries, emendations,  and  interlinea- 
tions." Plate  IV^.  contains  specimens 
from  two  editions  of  the  Bible,  din-overed 
in  the  librarj'  of  the  late  A.  Chalmers, 
Esq.  and  which  being  found  with  manu- 
script annotationsj  sup|K)sed  by  Mr. 
Leigh  Sotheby  to  be  by  Mclancthon, 
are  proposed  to  be  sold  with  Dr.  Kloss'a 
Collection.  The  motto  in  the  title- 
page,  taken  from  "  Collectanea  Gram- 
matica,"  by  Melancthon,the  compiler  ob- 
serves, *' beautifully  and  powerfully  illus- 
trates the  literary  labours  of  the  whole 
life  of  Melancthon." 

The  fac-simile  is  not  very  legible;  but 
we  read  it, 

Nulla  dies  abeat  quin  lineKdncta supersit. 

The  idea  is  evidently  borrowed  from  the 
well-known  "  Nulla  dies  sine  lincft,"  u 
applied  to  Apelles. 

Dr.  Kloss,  the  proprietor  of  this  collec- 
tiort,  devoted  much  time  to  early  hiblio- 
gritphy,  vrith  a  view  to  publishing  a  sup- 
plement to  Panzer's  Typograpbiml  An- 
nals ;  which,  however,  he  abandoned,  and 
subsequently  directed  his  attention  to  the 
collection  of  the  Library  now  about  to  be 
dispersed  by  auction.  His  discoveries 
in  bibliography  are  inserted  on  the  covers 
of  each  work,  and  are  in  general  copied 
into  this  Cyatalogue.  J'he  Library  consist 
of  1.  A  ('ollection  of  Doiiatus,  illustra- 
tive of  the  Discovex^j  ol  \.\\(i  XiX  ti'v,  ^  xw*.- 


4)8 


Liter  toy  ami  Saentifie  ImtelU^tmee. 


[ApriJ, 


ing,  the  most  extra«ive  ever  brought  be- 
fore the  public.  2.  Editions  of  the  BiUe, 
in  Latin,  Cwennan.  &r.  cont&iiiing  MS. 
annotations  by    ^lelanctbon.     3.    Bulla 
and  J^tttrs  ot  Indulgence.  4.  RituxU  of 
tbe  Romi>h  Church — Missals,  Breviaries, 
Hone,    &c.    5.    Lives    of  the    Saints. 
0    Sources  of  the  Roman  Law.  Civil  and 
Ecclfsiastical  Laws,  Statute  Laws,  &e. 
7.  The  Classics  form  an  important  fen. 
ture,  comprising  upwards  ot  a  thousand 
different  editions  of  the  Greek  and  Latin 
Classical    authors,  with  many  rdUtonrs 
friHcipca,    A  great  number  of  these  have 
MS.   annoUtions,    by   Melancthon.      8. 
Vocabularies    and    Grammatical   Trea- 
tises.   9.  Theology,  an  extensive  collec- 
tion.    U).  The  most  carious  assemblage 
of  works  in  the  German  and  Dutch  lan- 
guaces  ever  brought  into  one  view.     It  is 
particularly  rich  in  early  Chronicles,  His- 
torics.  and  Romances;  early  Translations 
of  the  Classics;  Works  illn«trative of  the 
Rites  and   Ceremonies  of  the  Church, 
Civil  and  Ecclesiastical  Law,  &c. 

rrrzwii.i.iAM  musel-m,  ca^bbioge. 

We  have  hccn  favoured  with  a  private 
view  of  the  model  for  this  intended  Mu- 
seum, designed  by  Wm.  Bardwell,  Esq., 
acrhitcct.  The  extreme  length  is  3^5 
foot,  the  ho'.cht  to  the  top  of  balustrade 
(i|  t4«t.  atii  the  total  hfight,  including 
th»'  wnti^'i  domo.  is  I'iX  fret. 

1  hr  ^«l■.<^lr  biuldiiii:  is  doMiricd  in  ses- 
»5i«sU«-i-*1  »<%>pituii'ns.  the  |)ri:ivipal  uum- 
V>n-*  lv«nc  'M   <W   and  •»!?•  6  in. 

ri<..>  iM«M.>i  unliT  is  a  modilicAtion  of 
tl\r>T  Hi  i!iiti-nt|>lfn(  \'i>tH,  at  Tivoli;  the 
i.i>«;.t>;.|iii,,<  Uing  niudc  bolder,  and  the 
«-fli-.<«  i>  l»iii  liinii'd  to  tiiU  (lO  niinutcK,  on 
niii-itDt  «>l  ilio  prijitcr  sizo  of  ilie  co- 
l««»««»>«,  uiul  the  (liMoity  of  our  cliuiute 
iiMnimrt-d  with  Tixoii.  ' 

\\w  columns  are  3  It.  Sin.  in  diameter, 
t»u»l  ;W  It.  G  in.  hijjh,  placed  u|)on  a  po- 
Mlwui  la  ft  high,  iHjing  the  same  propor- 
tion as  the  original. 

i'l  conformity  with  ancient  arrange- 
ment, the  principal  entrance  is  placed 
towards  the  south,  bereath  a  hexastyle 
pur'iw,  with  iu  appropriate  pediment 
ana  enriched  tympanum,  and  is  approached 
jyA"'»»«'»ticciit  flight  of  steps,  35  feet 

.       *  interior  contains  numerous  gna- 
cu)us  aiid  wdUlighied  apartments  in  the 
basement,  11  feet  high. '^ 
trut..     >'""'"'!  floor  gives  a  noble  en- 

ei»rv«r;.i      .  '^  *°  a  tribune  supported  by 
o^  H      !M'""™  »»>«  Erectheum^la  galley- 
A  "l!!!;!!.""''^  75  ft.  6  in.  by  33  ftf  9  in. 
^WHh  its  duplicated  cross,  66 
"'  »  ilbrary,  75  ft.  4  in.  by 


A  rotundii. 


33  ft.  9  in.;  a  p«blic  newUi^  room,  io 
tt.  6  in  br  27  ft.;  a  snckirrulkr  ezhedra, 
31  ft.  by  'jO  ft,  fur  the  me  of  Fellows 
only;  and  four  pri%ite  reatding  rooms,  17 
ft.  square,  for  tlw  nse  trf  persons  pur- 
suing any  particular  roone  of  study :  all 
these  apartmenu  are  17  ft.  faigh. 

The  principal  entranre  to  the  fHCtore 
gallery  is  froaa  the  tribane  of  the  hall; 
from  hence  iu  nagnificeot  length  (228 
ft. )  is  seen  to  great  adraktage ;  the  light 
from  the  eye  of  the  dome,  arid  the  sunk 

Cnnela  of  its  tvpparting  arches,  most 
ppily  contrasting  aith  the  peculiar 
manner  in  which  the  light  is  admitted  to 
the  other  divisioi»  of  the  gallery.  It  is  a 
curious  fact,  that  there  arc  scarcely  three 
galleries  in  Europe  in  which  the  Ugfat  is 
scientifically  admitted.  A  small  work  of 
Mr.  Bardweli's  in  this  metropolis,  showr, 
that  he  perfectly  understands  how  to  in- 
troduce light  pn^riy  fur  an  advantage- 
ous display  of  pictures. 

As  continuarionsof  the  gallery  are  two 
cabinets;  the  one  4o  by  27  ft.,  the  other 
33  by  20  ft.,  provided  for  cabinet  pic- 
tures. The  height  of  this  floor  is  27  ft, 
and  the  interior  height  of  the  dome,  from 
the  flow  of  the  gallery,  is  81  ft. 

THE  rCBUC  rXESS  IN  SPAIN. 

In  the  3rear  1834  there  were,  in  thewbole 
extent  of  the  kingdom,  nioety.eight  news- 
papers, of  which  twenty-one  disappeared 
in  the  course  of  the  year.  Tfa«  seventy- 
seven  political  Journals  that  have  snnrived 
are  thus  divided — fifty-one  have  an  official 
character,  three  are  purely  Miniaterial, 
and  twenty-three  belong  to  various  shades 
of  opinions.  These  latter  papers  cannot, 
to  Kpeak  properly,  be  classed  in  a  definite 
nmniier,  tor  they  frequently  change  their 
Editors  at  a  roomeni's  notice,  and  their 
colour  is  as  fu>ntive  and  as  changeable  as 
events.  These  Journals,  en  mane,  con- 
sume about  40,000  reams  of  paper,  at  the 
rate  of  thirty  reals  a  ream,  and  this  con- 
sumption may  be  valued  at  1,200,000  reals. 
The  total  value  of  subscriptions  for  the 
seventy.Keven  Journals  we  have  men- 
tioned,  is  10.315,200  reals,  and  the  whole 
mass,  including  Extraordinary  Gazettes, 
supplements,  reports  of  sittings,  and  vari- 
ous notices  and  bills,  the  total  may  be  es- 
timated  at  12,000,000  reals,  which  are  di- 
vided as  follow; — 1st,  To  the  paper, 
manufacturers,  1,200,000  reals— 2dly, 
printers,  compositors  pressmen,  and  ser- 
vants, 8,00(),(XX)— 3dly,  porters.  200,000 
reals— 4thly,  proprietors,  editors,  literary 
assistants,  &c.,  2,000,000  reals— 5tbly,  hos- 
pitals and  other  charitable  establishments, 
100,000real8— 6thl  y,  postage,  Sic.,  500,000 
reals.  Total,  twelve  millions  of  reals, 
or  120,000/. 


1835.] 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


419 


comiumcATioN  with  india. 
The  Lords  of  the  Admiralty  have  cir- 
culated a  circumstantial  programme  of  the 
eontemplated  communication  between  this 
eountry  and  India,  by  way  of  the  Medi. 
terranean,  Isthmus  of  Suez,  and  Red  Sea; 
which  seems  to  hav6  been  admirably  ma- 
tured by  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  inde- 
fatigable officers  that  ever  conducted  a 
great  public  department.  Sir  Francis  Free- 
ling.  It  appears  that  six  vessels,  equipped 
<on  anew  principle,  to  act  either  as  steam  or 
sailing  packets,  are  to  be  em  ployed.    They 


will  touch  at  Cadiz,  Gibraltar,  Corfu 
Zante,  Cephalonia,  and  various  Greek 
islands,  on  their  voyage  to  Alexandria. 
The  effectual  transport  across  the  Isthmus 
of  Suez  is  arranged  with  the  Pacha  of 
Egypt,  and  on  the  other  side  the  East- 
India  Company  have  built  four  large 
steamers  to  run  between  the  East- India 
Presidencies  and  Suez,  so  as  to  meet  the 
Europeans,  and  complete  their  ulterior 
objects.  The  whole  preparations  will 
occupy  from  twelve  to  fifteen  months. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


BOCIETV   OF   ANTIQUARIES. 

Ffb.  26.  W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elect- 
ed Fellowsof  the  Society:  Thomas  Gam- 
bier  Parry,  esq.  of  Trinity  college,  Cam- 
bridge; James  Stewart  Forbes,  esq  of 
Christ's  college,  Cambridge,  and  Pitzroy- 
square;  the  Rev.  John  Hume  Spry,  D.D. 
Prebendary  of  Canterbury;  and  John 
JVIultravers,  esq.  of  Bury-street,  St. 
James's. 

Lord  Braybrooke  exhibited  a  great  Ad- 
miralty seal  of  Louis  the  Bastard  of 
Bourbon,  who  was  appointed  Admiral  of 
France  in  1466,  and  died  in  I486.  It  is 
round,  of  three  inches  diumeter;  and, 
like  the  English  seuls  of  the  same  class, 
exhibits  a  ship  displayed  over  its  surface. 
The  arms  of  Bourbon,  three  fleurs-de- 
lis  surmounted  by  a  bend  ragulee,  are  placed 
on  all  the  three  sails.  At  the  mast  bead  is 
a  pennon  with  fleurs-de  lis,  and  on  the 
ship's  side  a  leo|)ard's  face  within  a  square 
tressure  or  border.  The  inscription,  in  a 
very  obscure  black  letter,  apiSears  to  be 
ft.  pour  Ivi  3amtnbetu9  (0  t>e  nortncn- 
Hie  He  loi?0  liai^tart  tie  bourbon  amiral 
tie  france.  The  place  in  which  this 
important  seal  has  been  found,  is  not 
a  little  extraordinary  5  it  occurred  at 
Sufiron  Wulden,  placed  in  the  top  of 
a  weight,  we  believe  in  order  to  form 
the  handle. 

Henry  H.  Kater,  esq.  communicated 
an  acconnt  of  several  doiins,  or  duns,  in 
North  Uist,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  with 
plans  of  that  called  Doun  Sticher. 

A/arch  5.   Henry  Hallam,  esq.  V.  P. 

Three  letters  were  read  from  Mr.  Hal- 
lam's  volume  (of  copies,  but  unpublished), 
mentioned  in  our  last  report.  They  were 
1.  from  Lord  Bacon  to  King  James  the 
First,  accompanying  Reasons  for  the 
King's  calling  a  Parliament,  and  matters 
for  consideration  in  the  management  of 
the  same.  One  of  the  points  is, "  What  use 
may  be  made  of  the  Cinque  Ports  and 


Duchy"  for  placing  members  in  boroughs 
likely  to  support  the  King's  causes ; 
and  several  others  are  directed  to  the 
means  of  obtaining  a  Parliament  **  truly 
free,  and  not  packed  against  him," — not 
combined  in  parties,  but  every  individual 
judging  for  himself.  2.  A  letter  from 
Thimias  Duke  of  Noifolk  to  Cardinal 
Wolsey,  relative  to  the  collection  of  a 
Benevolence.  He  writes  from  Norwich, 
where  there  were  more  merchants  ready 
to  contribute  20ll  pounds,  than  there  were 
gentlemen  in  the  shire  willing  (or  able),  to 
give  200  marks.  3.  From  the  Dukes  of 
Norfolk  and  Suffolk  to  Wolsey,  just  after 
the  suppression  of  the  rising  in  H  Hen. 
VIII.  The  Dukes  having  assembled  the 
military  force  of  the  two  counties  from 
which  they  derived  their  titles,  had  been 
met  by  the  townsmen  of  Lavenham  in 
shirts,  begging  for  pardon ;  when  their 
Graces  made  "a  long  rehearsal,  the  best 
we  could,  to  aggravate  their  offence,"  end 
then,  after  these  <' sharp  and  sour  lessons," 
selecting  some  of  the  leaders  for  confine- 
ment and  further  intimidation,  promised 
they  would  use  their  best  endeavours 
to  restore  the  penitents  to  the  King's 
favour. 

March  \2.  Thomas  Amyot,  esq.  Trea- 
surer, in  the  chair. 

The  reading  of  the  same  papers  was 
continued.  One  was  a  letter  from  Henry 
VIII.  to  Archbishop  Warham,  for  rais- 
ing a  loan  or  gratuity  from  the  clergy  and 
all  religious  establishments,  of  one-t/iird  (!) 
of  their  annual  revenues  when  they  ex- 
ceeded ten  pounds,  and  a  fourth  of  those 
below  that  sum.  The  pretext  was  the 
vast  expense  of  his  preparations  against 
France. 

March  19.  H.  Hallam,  esq.  V.P. 

The  Baron  de  Reiffenberg,  Rector  of 
the  University  of  Louvaine,  Secretary  to 
the  Commission  recently  issued  for  the 
publication  of  inedited  documents  illus- 
trative of  Belgian  History,  author  of  a 


420 


AadqturiMit  Rntmrehe$. 


[April, 


Hiat<H7 '  of  "die  Order  of  the  Gdden 
Fleece,  and  mtny  other  learned  works, 
wu  elected  a  Honorary  Member;  and 
the  following  gentlemen  were  elected  Fel> 
Iowa: — the  Iter.  Edoi.  CraTen  Hawtrejr, 
D.D.  Head  Master  of  Eton  School,  and 
€reoree  Dodd,  esq.  of  MontsgU' square. 

J.  P.  Collier,  esq.,  F.S.A.,  presented  a 
copy  of  the  third  <rf'  his  series  of  miracle 

eiys,  being  the  Adoration  of  the  Shep- 
ids,  the  1 3th  of  the  series  contained  in 
the  MS.  on  vellum  belon^ng  to  P. 
Towneley,  esq.,  the  handwriting  of  which 
is  of  the  reign  of  Henrv  VI.,  and  it  per- 
haps belonged  to  Wididrk  Abbey.  It 
contains  two  plays  on  the  Adoration  of 
the  Shepherds,  both  of  a  comic  descrip- 
tion ;  that  now  printed  is  "  a  farce  of  broad 
humour  and  drollery,"  without  parallel,  of 
that  early  period^  in  our  huiguage. 

The  letters  from  Mr.  Hallam's  book 
were  continued;  those  read  being  two 
long  epistles  from  Archbishop  Warham 
to  Cardinal  Wolsey,  relative  to  the  rais- 
ing of  supplies. 

The  following  members  are  appointed 
Auditors  of  the  Society's  Accounts  for 
the  present  year:  the  Right  Rev.  the 
Lord  Bishop  of  Chichester,  W.  Y. 
Ottley,  esq^  Lord  Prudhoe,  and  William 
Wilkuis,  esq.  R.A. 


SOCIETY  OF  ANTiaUARIES  OP  NEWCASTLE. 

fib.  4.  The  anniversary  meeting  of 
this  Society  was  held  in  their  new  room, 
in  the  building  lately  erected  by  the  Na- 
tural History  Society,  John  Hodgson, 
esq.  in  the  chair.  1  he  report,  after  de- 
ploring the  death,  during  the  last  year, 
of  many  of  its  members,  and  among  them 
of  Mr.  Surtee8,the  Historian  of  Durham, 
Mr.  J.  T.  Brockett,  jun.  (one  of  the  Se- 
cretaries), Mr.  Gibson,  of  Reednnoutb, 
firom  whom  so  many  of  its  antiquities 
were  obtained,  and  the  Rev.  Anthony 
Hedley,  of  Chetteiiiolme,  congratulated 
the  Society  on  Uie  acquisition  in  its  new 
apartments,  of  a  place  where  specimens 
of  antiquity  can  safely  be  deposited.  The 
arcade  adjoining  has  Iwd  the  numerous  al- 
tars, &c.,  belonging  to  the  Society,  placed 
in  it,  forming,  perhaps,  the  best  collection 
of  Roman  Antiquities  in  Britain,  which 
will  always  be  open  to  the  inspection  of 
the  public.  After  the  reception  of  seve- 
ral presents  of  books,  the  Rev.  Jolm 
Hodgson  read  a  letter  from  John  Clay- 
ton, esq.  granting  the  Society  leave  to 
examine  a  Castellum  on  one  of  his  estates 
in  the  West.  The  foUoAving  were  eleetod 
officers  for  the  ensuing  yeu: — Sir  John 
Edw.  Swinburne,  ^rt ,  President,  C.  W. 
Biggt,esq.  Rev.  John  Hodgson,  SirC  M. 


L.  MoM^Bart.  Vice-Presidents.  Mr.  J. 
Adamaoo,  Treasurer.  Mr.  John  Adam- 
son,  Mr.  Henry  Turner,  Secretaries.  JiAr. 
J.  T.  Brocket!,  Mr.  Thomas  Bell,  IAt. 
Emerson  Cbarnley,  Mr.  John  Clayton, 
Mr.  Dixon  Dixon,  Mr.  John  Hod»oa, 
Elswick,  Mr.  William  Hutton,  Mr.  The 
mas  Hodgson,  Mr.  John  Fenwick,  Mr. 
Robert  Orroston,  jun..  Rev.  James  Rainc^ 
and  Rev.  Wm.  Turner,  Council.  The 
members  afterwards  dined  together ;  the 
chair  was  ably  filled  by  John  Hodgaon, 
esq.,  and  the  company  were  highly  grati- 
fied by  much  interesting  conversation, 
and  particularly  by  the  communication  of 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Raine,  respecting  the  for- 
mation, objects,  and  progress  of  the  Snr- 
tees  Society  (see  p.  302). 


PAnrriNGs  at  hoxnb. 
On  clearing  the  walls  of  the  ehnreh  at 
Hoxne,  near  Eye,  in  Suffolk,  several 
paintings  partially  obliterated,  have  re- 
cently been  discovered.  One,  repre- 
senting David  on  the  field  of  battle  with 
GK>Iiah;  the  next  is  supposed  to  be 
Paul  confined  in  the  Stocks;  there  is 
also  the  Crucifixion  and  the  Resor. 
rection  of  the  Dead,  &c.  They  are 
about  ten  feet  high  and  twelve  feet 
wide.  There  are  several  perfiect  in- 
scriptions, of  which  we  hope  hereafter 
to  procure  copies;  but  they  have  not 
hitherto  been  seen  by  any  person  aUe  to 
read  them,  although  quite  perfect.  We 
understand  a  similar  discovery  has  dso 
been  lately  made  at  Du-tford;  and  we 
shall  look  forward  to  receive  farther 
particulars  of  both  by  the  kindness  of 
some  volunteer  correspondent 


As  some  workmen  were  lately  foimiiy 
a  new  road  near  the  Priorv  at  Brinkbom, 
they  discovered  a  small  brass  pot,  con- 
taining several  gold  coins,  consisting  of 
rose  nobles  of  the  first  and  second  coira^ 
of  Edward  III.,  and  some  half  and  quar- 
ter nobles  of  the  same  reign,  all  in  the 
most  perfect  state  of  preservation.  The 
pot  and  coins  are  now  in  the  possession 
of  Major  Cadogan,  of  Brinkbum  Priory. 


antique  urn. 
A  beautiful  antique  glass  urn  has  been 
discovered  at  Yebleron,  in  France.  It 
has  one  handle  and  is  of  a  square  form. 
The  urn  contained  a  bronze  medal  bnring 
the  head  of  Antoninus,  with  the  date  of 
the  period  of  his  third  Consulship,  from 
which  it  would  appear  that  the  medal  is 
of  the  year  140  of  the  Christian  em,  so 
that  It  must  have  been  placed  in  the  urn 
neariy  1700  years  ago. 


1.835.] 


421 
POETRY. 


HYMN 


On  the  Anmiwriary  of  the  Meeting  qfthe 
Saliiiury  National  School,  July,  1831. 
By  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles,  Canon 
Residentiary,  &c. 

OH  I  if  tears  may  fill  the  eyes, 
A  parent's  and  a  Christian's  tears ; 

If  erer  hymn  to  Heaven  may  rise, 

TTie  hymn  that  Mercy's  angel  hears ; — 

Yes  I  'tis  when  a  sight  like  this 
Shan  bid  these  tears  in  silence  start, 

Awake  the  hopes  of  heavenly  bliss, 
And  steal  from  toil  and  earth  the  heart. 

Here  are  no  dark  cloads  of  care 

That  hang  on  some  poor  mother's  look, 
Her  child,  at  nightfall,  said  its  prayer. 

And,  see !  now  clasps  its  Holy  Book. 
And  that  poor  mother  kissed  its  hair, 

Or  watdi'd  its  sleep,  beside  the  bed ; 
And  thought,  '  My  child,  how  wilt  thou 
fare 

In  this  hard  world,  when  I  am  dead ! 

Savioar,  Lord,  to  thee  we  pray ! 

That  child  from  sin,  from  sorrow  save, 
Lest  grief  a  father's  locks  of  grey 

Bring  down  with  sorrow  to  the  grave.' 

Children,  ever  feel  the  debt ; 

Raise  your  thoughts  to  God  above ; 
Nor  ever,  in  the  world,  forget 

The  lessons  here  of  faith  and  love. 

,     VERSES, 
By  the  Author  of  the  Lives  of  the  Sacred 
Poets. 
No.  1.     Hymn  to  Peace. 

Ah,  sweet  Cooteott  where  doth  thine  harbour 
hold? 
U  it  in  chiireho  with  relifious  men. 
Which  praise  the  gods  with  prayers  manifold, 

And  to  their  ttudiet  mediule  it  then. 
Whether  thou  dost  in  ne»ven  or  e»ilh  appear, 
Be  wbeic  thou  wilt,  thou  wilt  not  harbour  here. 
B.  Barnes. 

I. 

SWEET  Spirit!  wherefore  can  it  be 
That  thou  wilt  never  dwell  with  me ; 
Wandering  o'er  the  peopled  earth, 
Never  coming  to  my  hearth. 
The  flowery  meadows  laugh  ;  the  Spring 
The  head  of  June  is  garhtnding ; 
Blossoms  hang  on  every  tree ; 
But  I  am  poor  in  wanting  thee. 
Thou  didst  flee  to  brighter  skies, 
When  early  watching  dimm'd  my  eyes, 
And  wintry  winds  beat  on  my  head. 
And  Sorrow  sate  beside  my  bed. 

II. 
In  other  days  there  was  no  place 
But  shone,  beloved,  vrith  thy  face ! 


How  often  in  the  hours  of  glee 
Thy  purple  pinions.  Fantasy, 
Bare  me  to  the  fagry  clime, 
Where  Joy  sits  weaving  flowers  for  Time, 
And  roaming  by  the  haunted  streams. 
The  gentle  shepherd  of  fair  dreams, 
Scatter'd  'neath  my  drowsy  head. 
Flowers  of  thought  long  harvested, 
And  with  the  twilight  came  to  me 
Like  a  shadow,  Memory — 
Breathing  o'er  the  Doric  rhyme. 
The  early  bloom  of  pastoral  thyme, 
From  the  sunny  grass,  would  come. 
Stealing  o'er  the  air,  the  hum 
Of  the  dark  Sicilian  bees  ; 
And  through  the  verdant  olive  trees, 
The  dashing  oar,  the  sailor's  cheer, 
Broke  in  music  on  mine  ear ; 
And  Love  unto  my  languid  eyes 
Wafted  the  airs  of  Paradise. 

III. 
Nurse  of  pleasant  dreams,  return. 
Open  again  thine  emerald  um,_ 
inhere  the  pearls  entreasured  lie 
Of  the  antique  Poesy. 
Cheer  me  with  the  light  divine 
That  dawneth  from  the  Tuscan  line, 
Pour  upon  my  gloomy  sky 
The  purple  heaven  of  Araby. 

IV. 
Hasten  hither  I  hasten,  pray ! 
Thou  didst  visit  me  in  May, 
When  Hope  hadwreath'd  my  boming 

brow — 
Wilt  thou  be  a  stranger  now  ? 
My  gate  for  ever  passing  by. 
Swift  of  foot,  and  dull  of  eye. 
Prythee,  listen  to  my  prayer  I 
Loose  the  gathering  chain  of  Care; 
Thy  fragrance  through  my  chamber  shed. 
Pour  thy  ointment  on  my  head; 
Bow  thine  ear  of  Mercy— hark, 
Never  was  my  sky  so  dark, — 
Joy,  the  bosom's  summer-bird. 
In  my  breast  no  more  is  heard ; 
One  by  one  the  blossoms  flee 
Prom  Life's  rudely-shaken  tree ; 
Friends,  companions — all  are  flown— 
Sweet  Spirit  1  leave  me  not  alone; 
The  sickness  of  my  heart  will  cease 
At  thy  soothing  whisper.  Peace ; 
The  tempestuotis  clouds  that  roll 
Their  stormy  shadows  o'er  my  soul, 
Before  thy  feet  vrill  melt  away, 
Like  darkness  at  the  look  of  May. 
Then  hasten  to  my  lonely  home, 
In  bower  and  field  no  longer  roam  ; 
Leave  beauty  with  the  kneeling  throng, 
And  the  minstrel  with  his  song, 
And  the  warrior  with  his  spear — 
But  thou,  sweet  Spirit !  harbour  here ! 


422 


[April. 


HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. 


PROCEEDINGS   IN  PARLIAMENT. 


Hot; HE  or  Lords. 
Feb.  24.  The  Earl  of  Hartlwhke  rost» 
to  move  tlic  Usual  .Adilress  fo  the  Speech 
delivered  by  his  MHJcsty  on  llic  0|>fiiin(r 
of  Parlinmi-nt,  obsorviiif;  that  be  bad 
never  heard  a  more  satis  factory  speech 
froin  the  throite  than  The  one  jtifit  deli, 
vered.  As  to  the  quexlion  of  ('hureh 
Reiorm.  to  which  bis  Majesty's  Spcct-h 
directed  their  alleitlioii,  he  hud  only  to 
hope  thHt  every  one  of  their  I  orJiihips 
would  enter  into  that  view  of  tin-  subject 
which  bis  Alujei^ly  had  taken ;  that  tbey 
would  exert  thernselvoft  to  support  the 
Cburcb,  Mid  to  to  extend  Iik  fuiindations 
us  that  it  should  emhnire  all  those  nho 
were  anxious  to  rest  witliin  its  pale. — 
Lord  Gagt  seconded  the  Address. — Vis- 
count XfclbourHe  complained  that  the 
Speech  was  defective  on  many  points, 
and  said  that  none  whu  lud  merely  beard 
that  Speech  read,  would  have  imagined 
that  a  total  change  of  Government  had 
taken  place.  He  thought  so  important 
«n  event,  for  which  he  con-^idtred  the 
Duke  of  Wcllinpion  responsible,  should 
not  have  been  thus  lightly  pEiSfced  over. 
He  looked  ufHin  the  lat«  diitsiolutlon  as  a 
wanton  exerci^e  of  ]»ow'er — regarded  the 
Speech  as  wholly  infonsistent  with  the 
political  cimnicter,  principles  and  profes. 
non«  of  those  hy  whom  it  had  been  ad- 
vised— and  concluded  by  niuvingan  amend- 
ment, the  nrincipiil  object  of  which  was 
toindiife  tneif  Lord»hip.s  hn  a  change  hud 
taken  place  in  the  Ministry,  to  declare 
tbnt  they  still  adhered  to  tliat  sy-^rem 
which  hud  been  followed  by  the  late  (io- 
vemnient.— The  Duke  of  U'eUiuglon  de- 
nied thitt  be  was  re>^ponsihle  for  the  di»- 
ftojution  of  the  late  Government,  whieh 
had,  in  fact,  been  CAu<>ed  by  the  circum- 
-stjuict  tlmt  the  leader  of  the  House  of 
CornmaiM  hud  ceased  to  \te  a  JVIemlier  of 
tIttJt  fioH>c.  and  liad  thus  rendered  it  iin. 
pui>f>ihle  for  the  lat«  Government  to  Roon. 
— After  Lord  lirtn^am,  the  Lord  Chan. 
ctlUtr,  and  the  Duke  of  liichmond  bad  ad- 
dnecard  the  House,  the  question  was  put 
on  tbc  amendment,  which  wa*  negatived 
without  a diviMun.  'J  he  original  Addreaa 
was  then  agreed  to- 


HOUBK   or    (OMMOS'S. 

Frb.  24.  Tbc  King'*  Speech  having  been 
road.  Lord  Aeitdom  ro«e  to  move  ihr  usual 


Address,  which  m'bs  seconded  by  Mr. 
Hram*ton. —  Lord  M<*rpclh  proposed  ati 
nnu-iidinent  to  the  -Addre.^9,  ttatini;  that 
the  present  times  were  of  such  import. 
tnncc,  that  the  Country  would  rxiirct  the 
Hou'^e  of  Commons  not  t"  t^elf 

to  ordiitary  courtesies  and  I  ^ut 

to  express  in  re*pt>ctful  but  o  i;i.jiuii  iun- 
puage  the  iinpri;*>ion  which  the  jjre»ent 
state  of  ufliiini  could  not  fail  to  e\citi\ 
The  Hon.  Meoilier alluded  to  the  abrupt, 
and  a«  it  fieeraed  uncalled  for,  diftraiMal  of 
tbc  late  Administration.  Tbc  Noble  Lord 
concluded  by  proposing  an  addition  to  the 
Addres^s  stating  that  IIi»  MajcMyV  faith, 
lul  Commons  could  nut  but  lament  that 
the  progress  of  Reform  '♦  should  have 
been  inrerrupted  and  endangered  by 
the  Dissolution  of  a  Parliament  eamcatlj 
intent  upon  the  vigorous  prosecution  of 
tnciisurrs  to  which  the  wishes  of  tbc 
people  were  most  anxiously  and  justly 
directed." — Mr.  Jiunncrt/un  .•■ecundfd  the 
untcndmenti  and  exprcKJcd  himself  to  be 
a  determined  opponent  of  the  pn-^ent 
ilinistrv. —  Sir  //.  J'trl,  in  a  uprech  of 
great  length  and  eloquence,  vindicated  tbc 
prerogative  of  the  Crown,  and  the  mea- 
sures pursued  by  the  present  governuient. 
With  regard  to  the  dissolution  of  the  late 
Parliaiuent,  he  freely  took  upon  tumsrlf 
the  responsibility,  Mnce  no  great  cbaoca 
bad  ever  taken  place  in  governtn«nt  willU 
out  being  tolluwed  by  an  appeal  lo  tW 
people.  Among  the  meonurea  about  to 
be  proposed  to  the  consideration  of  Par- 
liament, was  one  for  the  tinul  and.  equit- 
able adjustment  of  Tithe  iu  Ireland  ( 
another  for  the  Commutation  of  Tithe  in 
England  and  Wales  ;  and  another  for  the 
Adininistration  of  Juntice  in  LcclcMaati- 
Cttl  causeK.  (•oveniment  aIm)  propotcd 
to  nil"  ■      more  tffttxmi 

maiji  lUdiaeipUa*— 

a  prtu , i,,|,.- ...^~f.pt! 

authority,  not  over  the  l.*itv  lii> 

Clergy,  and  would  rIno  ch'  ■  .  n. 

tircly  prevent,  those  cast^k  u(  anuidal 
which  oeraftionaliy  wvorrt-di  but  w-fthout 
puni«.hment.     (.'  ,ie-d 

to  propOMT  a  mi  ve 

lho»c   who  di»A4.,.i.,    ,..,,,  vh 

from  tbo  neccsatty  of  celebi .  ^ac 

according  to  iu  rites.     Un.:  ,  ir. 

cumctancr*,  he  felt  it  his  lust  and  pafo- 
inuunt  duty  to  stand  br  those  trust*  which 
had  toaconfidfld  to  bun,  and  to  call  upon 


4 


1835.] 


Proceedings  in  Parliament. 


423 


the  House  to  wait  until  it  saw  the  mea. 
stires  which  the  Goremment  were  about 
to  propose.  The  debate  on  the  Address 
>»-as  then  adjourned;  and  after  two  nights* 
discussion  (Lord  Siaulry  and  Lord  J. 
Riutell  being  the  principal  speakers,  the 
one  contending  against,  and  the  latter  for 
the  amendment),  the  House  came  to  a 
division : — when  there  appeared — for  the 
amendment,  309 ;  for  the  original  motion, 
302 ;  majority.  7. 

March  2.  The  Speaker  informed  the 
House  that  on  Saturday  the  amended 
Address  to  the  Royal  Speech  bad  been 
presented  to  his  Majesty,  who  bad  re- 
turned the  following  gracious  answer : 

"  1  thank  you  sincerely  for  the  as- 
surances which  you  have  given  me  in  this 
loyal  and  dutiful  Address  of  your  dis- 
position to  CO- operate  with  me  in  the  im- 
provement, with  a  new  to  the  mainte- 
nance, of  our  institutions  in  Church  and 
State.  I  learn  with  regret  that  you  do 
not  concur  with  roe  as  to  the  policy  of  the 
appeal  which  I  have  recently  made  to  the 
sense  of  my  people.  I  never  have  exer- 
dsed,  and  1  never  will  exercise,  any  of  the 
prerogatives  which  I  hold,  excepting  for 
the  single  purpose  of  promoting  the  great 
end  for  which  they  are  entrusted  to  me — 
the  public  good ;  and  I  confidently  trust 
that  no  measure  conducive  to  the  general 
interests  will  be  endangered  or  inter- 
rupted in  its  progress  by  the  opportunity 
which  I  have  afforded  to  my  faithful  and 
loyal  subjects,  of  expressing  their  opinions 
throu^'b  the  choice  of  their  Repre- 
sentatives in  Parliament." 

After  the  thanks  of  the  House  had 
been  voted  to  bis  Majesty,  Sir  E  Peel 
moved  for  a  Committee  of  St'PPLY ;  when 
Lord  J.  Russell  rose  to  call  the  attention 
of  the  House  to  the  extraordinar}'  situ- 
ation of  the  present  Ministry,  after  the 
recent  defeats  they  had  sustained. — 
Sir  R.  Peel,  in  reply,  said  that  he  had 
not  felt  it  his  duty  to  tender  bis  re- 
signation in  consequence  of  the  recent 
vote  of  the  House,  and  it  was  his  inten- 
tion to  persevere  in  doing  his  duty,  and 
submit  to  the  House  those  measures  on 
which  Ministers  bad  formed  their  opi- 
nion. The  House  then  went  into  a  Com- 
mittee of  Supply,  when  it  was  resolved, 
"  that  a  supply  be  granted  to  his  Majesty." 

[During  the  remainder  of  the  week,  the 
two  Houses  were  chiefly  occupied  with 
the  presentation  of  Petitions  on  various 
subjects,  with  notices  of  motions,  and 
other  desultory  business,  which  gave  rise 
to  discussions  of  no  particular  interest.] 

Afarch  10.  The  Solicitor.  General  ob- 
tained leave  to  bring  in  an  Act  to  indera- 
iiify  perbuns  who  had  omitted  to  comply 


with  certain  of  the  regulations  contained 
in  an  Act  of  38  Geo.  IH.  c.  78,  respect- 
ing the  prinUng  and  publication  of  news- 
papers, from  penalties  incurred  under  that 
Act.  The  Bill  was  immediately  brought 
in,  read  a  first  time,  and  ordered  to  be 
read  a  second  time. 

The  Marquis  of  Chandot  brought  for- 
ward a  motion  for  the  repeal  of  the  Malt 
Tax.  He  thought  that  no  measure  was 
so  well  calculated  to  relieve  the  over- 
whelming distress  of  the  agricultural  in- 
terest  as  the  repeal  of  this  tax.  At  pre. 
sent,  the  farmer  was  unable  to  give  his 
labourer  beer,  and  the  labourer  was  un- 
able to  purchMe  it ;  and  he  trusted  that 
the  present  House  of  Commons  would 
not  reject  a  proposition,  the  efiTect  of 
which  would  be  not  only  to  relieve  the 
agricultural  interest,  but  the  country  at 
large.— Mr.  Handley  seconded  the  mo- 
tion, and  said  that  if  the  people  were  able 
to  brew  beer  at  home  at  half  the  price,  he 
was  persuaded  that  none  but  the  dissolute 
and  the  idle  would  frequent  the  public, 
houses — Sir  R.  Peel  opposed  the  motion 
in  a  very  long  and  able  speech.  He  began 
by  remarking  that  the  motion  was  pre- 
mature, being  made  before  it  was  known 
what  could  be  saved  from  the  public  ser- 
vice—a fact  which  could  not  be  made 
public  till  after  the  5th  of  April  next, 
being  the  termination  of  the  financial 
year.  It  was  calculated  that  there  would 
be  found  to  be  a  surplus  revenue  of 
250,000/ — and  under  these  circumstances 
they  were  called  upon  to  repeal  the  whole 
of  the  Malt-tax,  which  produced,  in 
1831,  a  net  sum  of  4,208.000/  ;  in  1832, 
4.675,000/. ;  in  1833.  4,772,000/. ;  and  in 
1834,  4,812,000/.— thus  creating  a  defi- 
ciency in  the  amount  required  to  meet  the 
ordiiury  expenditure,  of  4,500,000/.  In 
answer  to  the  assertion,  that  the  Malt- 
duty  had  occasioned  a  great  decrease  in 
the  consumption  of  beer,  it  might  be  ob- 
served, that  other  articles  had  entered 
into  a  successful  competition  with  it, 
namely,  tea,  coffee,  and  spirits,  the  de- 
mand for  which  had  of  late  wonderfully 
increased.  The  duty  on  malt,  however, 
was  only  2*.  Id-  per  bushel,  or  at  the  rate 
of  57  per  cent ;  whilst  the  duty  laid  upon 
West  India  coffee  was  at  the  rate  of  63 
per  cent. ;  the  duty  upon  port  and  sherry 
at  the  rate  of  75  per  cent. ;  the  duty  upon 
rum  at  the  rate  of  407  per  cent. ;  the  duty 
upon  English  spirits  at  the  rate  of  33.i 
per  cent. ;  the  duty  u|)on  brandy  at  the 
rate  of  627  per  cent.;  and  the  duty  upon 
geneva  at  the  rate  of  930  per  cent.  How 
then  could  it  be  said  that  an  undue  pre- 
ference had  been  given  to  those  articles 
over  beer?  Whatever  the  determination  of 
the  House  might  be,  o(  qtv^  ^«c\.  Xsa  >*;«& 


424 


FnceeHmgt  im  Pmrlimmad, 


[April, 


■on,  tbat  with  his  vicm  of  the  cnu 
•cqneoces  of  the  rracal  of  this  tix,  in  the 
prnent  rxate  tii  toe  public  rerenocv  he 
Bad  no  altematiTe  bot  to  submit  his  vinrs 
to  the  ransidention  of  the  House,  and, 
if  the  f  louse  chose  to  oremile  them,  to 
lemve  it  subject  to  the  mpoosibilitj 
which  it  would  sssume.  —  After  screiu 
Members  bad  addressed  the  House  for 
and  against  the  motion,  the  \Iarquis  of 
Chandot,  in  reply,  rose  to  e3q>ress  his 
surprise  at  the  chan^  of  opinion  which 
he  had  that  nii^t  witnessed  in  the  House. 
He  bad  a  deep  feeling  of  alarm  lest  all 
confidence  in  public  men  should  be  lost 
hj  it. — The  House  then  dinded,  when 
there  appeared  for  the  resolution,  19£f; 
against  it,  350. 

J/«rcA  16.  On  the  motion  that  the 
House  resolve  into  a  Committee  of  Sup- 
ply, Mr.  Hmme  moved  tbat  the  Navy  Es- 
timates be  referred  to  a  Select  Com- 
mittee, for  the  purpose  of  examining  the 
same,  and  reporting  thereupon  in  the 
House.  —  After  some  discussion,  the 
{Ion.  Member's  motion  was  negatived 
on  a  divi!>ion ;  the  numbers  being,  for  the 
original  motion,  146;  against  it,  66. 

March  17.  Sir  R.  Peel  moved  for  leave 
to  bring  in  a  Bill  to  alter  the  law  of 
Marriages,  as  r^ards  DissE.vrrBS.  He 
stated  that,  until  the  Marriage  Act  of 
VHA,  marriage  was  in  fact  a  rinl  con- 
tract ;  as  far  as  the  Dissenters  are  con. 
cemcd,  it  was  proposed,  in  reality,  to  re- 
store tbat  fiUte  of  ibe  law.  I'o  prevent 
the  intervention  of  the  clergyman,  the 
Bill  would  enact  that  Dissenters  desiring 
to  be  married,  should  give  notice  thereof 
to  a  magistrate;^  that  li  days  after  such 
notice,  or  any  time  within  three  months, 
they  should  present  themselves  before 
that  magistrate,  and,  on  sig^ning  in  his 
presence  a  contract  of  marriage,  after  de- 
claration that  they  were  21,  or  bad  pa. 
rents'  or  guardians'  consent,  and  that 
there  existwl  no  legal  impediments,  they 
should  be  entitled  to  have  a  certificate  of 
such  marriage  from  him;  and  that  the 
adding  to  or  withholding  from  such  civil 
eontract  of  marriage,  any  reiigioiu  cere- 
monv,  should  be  left  to  the  putties.  The 
magutrate  to  forward  a  certificate  of  such 
marriage  to  the  clei]^man,  for  the  sake  of 
ngistimtion,  that  being  the  best  tvstem  of 
mistration atpresent existing— toe  Right 
Jtoiofirable  Baronet  at  the  same  time 
mdng  that  •  general  sjrstem  of  regis- 
^-'Vn  WM  under  consideration.  As  to 
'-yMOti^  they  were  to  be  7».  to  the 
^  Sf.  of  that  sum  to  the  pa- 
iflean  or  deigyman,  for  regis. 
With  nspeet  to  the  membeiB  of 


the  Chordi,  the  law  woaJd  remain  what 
it  now  is,  be  holding  that  if  relief  were 
afibrded  to  the  Diasenteia,  thejwoM 
have  no  right  to  attempt  to  interfere  widi 
what  the  Church  EstaUisbment  deemed 
best  for  iu  members.— ^Ir.  HTOa  said 
that  this  was  a  decided  improvement  npon 
Lord  John  RusselTs  BilL— After  an  ex- 
tended discussion,  in  the  course  of  whidi 
the  Bill  was  genoaliy  eulogized,  the  mo- 
jion  was  agreed  to. 

Mmrti  la  Sir  /.  Cmpbea  moved  the 
second  reading  of  the  Bill  regarding  the 
abolitioa  of  birmuosniEyr  n»  Debt.— 
Mr.  Rieharii  and  31r.  BaHng  strongly 
opposed  the  Bill,  contcndiDg  tbat  it  bad 
not  the  sanction  of  the  mass  of  the  com- 
munity, and  that  its  consequences  would 
be  of  the  most  disastrous  character  to 
tiade  and  industry. — Sir  J.  Campbell  n- 
plied  tbat  both  de'bt(»s  and  creditors  in  all 

Girts  of  the  kingdom  had  stroo^v  uigcd 
m  to  press  forward  this  BilL — After  an 
extended  discussion,  in  the  course  of 
which,  Mr.  Grote,  Mr.  Ewart^  and  Mr. 
H'ariurtom,  &c.  supported  the  Bill,  il 
was  read  a  second  time,  without  any  di- 
vision. 

Sir  J.  Ormkam  brought  in  BiUs^l. 
For  the  encouragement  of  men  Tulaatuily 
to  enter  the  na«7 ;  and  2.  To  consolidate 
and  amend  the  laws  regarding  mcrrimnt 
seamen.  They  were  read  a  first  time, 
and  ordered  to  be  printed. 

March  SO.  Sir  //.  Hariimge  brooght 
forward  a  measure  for  the  Commutation 
of  Tithes  in  Irelaxo  ;  the  principle  of 
which  he  suted  to  be,  that  for  the  future 
the  tithe  should  be  commuted  for  a  land- 
tax,  offering  to  the  landlords  a  bonus  of 
85  per  cent.  By  this  arrangement,  an 
eflfectual  stop  would  be  put  to  the  frightful 
scenes  lately  witnessed  in  Ireland-. "titiie 
being  no  longer  dlowed  to  be  collected 
either  by  the  landlords  or  the  Clergy. 
Although  the  sums  advanced  to  the 
Cler]^,  in  lieu  of  tithe,  in  the  years  1831, 
%  and  3;  were  still  to  be  considered  due, 
repayment  would  not  be  demanded;  so 
tbat  a  frightful  source  of  strife  and  blood, 
shed  would  thus  be  effectually  rendered 
innoxious.  The  Right  Hon.  Bart,  con- 
duded  by  moving,—"  That  tithes  in  Ire- 
land should  be  abolished,  and  tbat  in  lieu 
thereof  there  be  a  rent-charge,  payable 
out  of  the  land;  tbat  such  rent-<Aai)se 
should  be  after  the  rate  oflbL  for  100/. 
tithe;  and  that  such  rent  charge  be 
saleable,  and  the  money  raised  by  ue  re- 
demption thereof  be  invested  in  lands  for 
the  benefit  of  the  present  owners  of  the 
tithes."- Lord  J.  Ru^feU  said  tbat  he 
would  not  oppose  the  resolutions,    but 


1835.] 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


425 


content  hinMclf  with  reminding  the  Com> 
mittee,  that  there  was  no  essential  differ, 
encc  between  this  measure  and  the  Bill 
rejected  last  ^ear.  That  Bill  was  charged 
with  proposmg  to  *' secularise"  Church 
property:  if  so,  this  Bill  did  the  same. — 
Mr.  Biee  moved  an  amendment  to  sub- 
•titute  the  following  for  Sir /f.  Hariin^t 


resolution :.~"  That  it  is  expedient  to 
alter  and  amend  the  existing  laws  relating 
to  tithes  in  Ireland."  On  this  amend- 
ment the  Committee  eventually  divided. 
The  numbers  were  :  —  For  it,  196  ; 
against  it,  213.— The  first  resolution  was 
then  carried. 


DOMESTIC    OCCURRENCES. 


INTELUOKNCE  FROM  VARIOUS  PARTS 
OF  THE  COUNTRY. 

Report  on  Church  Reform — The  Report 
of  the  Ecclesiastical  Commissioners,  re- 
cently appointed  by  the  Crown  to  inves- 
tigate the  present  condition  and  revenues 
of  the  Church,  has  been  laid  on  the  tables 
of  both  Houses  of  Parliament.  It  is  an 
elaborate  and  ably  drawn.up  document. 
The  Commissioners  have  digested  the 
voluminous  and  complicated  details  of 
the  important  subjects  committed  to  them, 
under  the  three  several  heads  of  territory, 
income,  and  patronage.  Under  the  head 
territory,  are  eiq>lained  the  intended  new 
arrangements  of  dioceses : — It  is  proposed 
to  erect  two  nev  Blihoprick* — one  of  Mdti' 
Chester,  the  other  of  Ripon.  The  greater 
part  of  the  new  diocese  of  Manchester  is 
to  be  taken  from  the  present  diocese  of 
Chester.  The  Archdiocese  of  York  to 
supply  the  new  diocese  of  Ripon.  The 
numfaier  of  Bishops  in  the  House  of  Lords 
will  not,  however,  be  increased,  for  it  is 
proposed  to    unite   the   Bishopricks  of 


Bristol  and  Landaff,  the  out-lying  part 
of  the  diocese  of  Bristol  in  Wilts  and 
Dorset  to  pass  to  the  diocese  of  Salisbury ; 
and  also  to  unite  the  sees  of  Bangor  and 
St.  Asaph.  It  is  likewise  proposed  to 
deprive  the  see  of  London  oi  those  parts 
of  the  metropolitan  diocese  which  he  in 
Essex  and  Herts,  giving  to  London  in 
return  all  those  portions  of  the  metro- 
politan districts,  which  now  belong  to 
Canterbury  or  Winchester.  Essex  is  to  be 
transferred  to  the  Bishoprick  of  Roches, 
tcr. — According  to  the  tables  published, 
the  net  income  of  all  the  Bishopricks  of 
England  and  Wales,  in  the  year  1831, 
amounted,  on  an  average  of  three  years, 
to  the  sum  of  157,737/.,  and  may  now  be 
calculated  at  about  148,875/. ;  but  it  ap- 
pears that  this  amount  is  very  unequally 
distributed,  the  incomes  of  one-half  of  the 
Bishopricks  falling  below  the  sum  neces- 
sary to  cover  the  expenses  to  which  a 
Bishop  is  uniivoidably  subject.  On  the 
whole,  the  Commissioners  are  of  opinion 
that  where  the  annual  income  of  a  Bishop 
amounts  to  1,500/.,  it  is  not  necessary  to 
make  any  addition ;  nor  would  they  re- 
(}i;nt  M.\r..  Vol..  III. 


commend  any  diminution,  unless  it  exceed 
5,500/.  But  they  think  that  the  two 
Archbishopricks,  and  the  Bishopricks  of 
London,  Durham,  and  Winchester,  ought 
to  have  a  larger  provision  than  the  rest. 
The  following  table  contains  a  summary 
of  the  net  income  of  each  Bishop  on  three 
years'  average,  ending  the  year  1831; 
with  the  present  number  of  benefices  in 
each  diocese: 

Province  of  Canterbury, 
Diocece.  Incomr,       fi«oeGces. 


Canterbury     .    .    ;ei9,182 

343 

St  Asaph      .    .     .    6,301 

131 

Bangor      ....    4,464 

124 

Bath  and  Welk .     .    5,946 

441 

Bristol      ....    2,351 

254 

Chichester     .    .    .    4,229 

267 

St  David's     .    .    .     1,897 

407 

Ely 11,105 

140 

Exeter 2,719 

611 

Gloucester     .     .    .    2,282 

281 

Hereford   ....    2,576 

256 

Lichfield  &  Coventry  3,923 

606 

Lincoln     ....     4,542 

1,234 

Llandaff    ....        924 

192 

London     ....   13,929 

635 

Norwich    ....    5,395 

1,021 

Oxford      ....    2,648 

209 

Peterborough      .    .    3,103 

290 

Rochester  ....     1,459 

94 

Salisbury    ....    3,939 

386 

Winchester    .     .     .11,151 

416 

Worcester  ....    6,569 

212 

Province  of  York. 

York 12,629 

881 

Carlisle      ....     2.213 

127 

Chester      ....    ^261 

554 

Durham      ....  19,066 

146 

By  an  order  in  council  dated  Feb.  12, 
vessels  which  mav  be  driven  by  stress  of 
weather  to  seek  snelter  in  any  British  or 
Irish  port,  shall  no  longer  be  chargeable 
with  any  light  or  other  duties  payable 
to  the  Corporation  of  the  Trinity-house 
of  Deptford  Strond ;  all  vessels,  smacks, 
and  boats,  belonging  to  the  United  King- 
dom, while  actually  employed  in  catching 
fish  within  soundings,  shall  be  exempt 
from  light  and  other  duties  payable  to 
the  said  Corporation. 
3  I 


426 


Domestic  Occurrences. 


[April, 


LONDON  AND  ITS  ViaNITY. 


Progret$ofthe  Gnat  CUy  ImprovtmetUi. 
—On  the  Itt  of  August,  1833,  tbe  City 
Committee  had  completed  the  purchases 
neoesaary  for  the  formation  of  the  new 
line  of  street  to  the  western  extremity  of 
Comhill,  and  since  that  period  the  whole 
of  the  premises  in  that  line,  including  those 
lately  occupied  by  Messrs.  Smith,  Payne, 
and  Smith,  have  been  taken  down,  the 
new  street  laid  down  and  defined,  the 
carriage-way  pared,  and  most  of  the  bouses 
are  in  progress  of  erection.  The  pur- 
chases necessary  for  the  widening  of  Little 
East  cheap  and  Little  Tower-street  have 
been  nearly  completed;  most  of  the  houses 
pulled  down,  and  the  greater  part  of  the 

Kund  not  required  for  the  improvement 
been  let  upon  building  leases.  In 
the  approach  to  Lothbury,  by  widening 
Prince's  street,  the  houses  have  been  re- 
moved, and  measures  are  now  in  progress 
for  perfecting  that  improvement  The 
promble  state  of  the  fiiunces  at  tlie  dis. 
posal  of  tbe  City,  after  the  completion  of 
tbe  foregoing  works,  will  be  such  that  a 
sufficient  sum  will  remain  to  defray  the 
expense  of  continoing  the  line  of  improve- 
ment from  the  north  end  of  Prince's-street 
to  Mooi]gate,  and  afterwards  to  effect  a 
material  improvement  in  Upper  Thames- 
street,  by  widening  it  in  those  parts  where 
two  carts  cannot  pass,  in  the  whole  line 
from  Earl  Street  to  Fisb  Street  Hill. 
Similar  measures  have  been  taken  for  ex- 
tending the  improvements  in  Gracechurch 
Street.  Arrangements  are  also  in  pro- 
cress  for  making  an  opening  from  Hol- 
bom,  at  Farriiigdon-street  end,  through 
the  tilthy  neighbourhood  of  Saflfron-hill,  to 
tbe  limit  of  the  civic  jurisdiction.  By  a 
statement  of  all  the  purchases  of  property 
made  for  accomplishing  the  improvements 
since  the  1st  of  August,  1831,  together 
with  an  account  of  the  sums  claimed  and 
{Mid,  or  agreed  to  be  paid,  for  tbe  respec- 
tive premises,  it  appears  that  Uie  claims 
on  that  account,  for  goodwill,  loss,  or  re- 
moval, and  other  iiiddentid  expenses, 
amounted  to  46,748/ ,  and  had  been  settled 
at  the  sum  of  81377/.,  and  that  these,  as 
well  as  the  former  purchases,  have  been 
accomplished  within  the  estimates. 

The  Thama  THmnel— March  3.  A  nu- 
merous Meeting  of  the  Directors  and 
Proprietors  was  held  at  the  City  of  Loo- 
don  Tavern,  to  receive  the  report  of  the 
Directors.  B.  Hawes,  sen.  esq.  from  tbe 
Chair,  said  that  they  met  there  under  cir- 
cumstances different  from  what  they  had 
done  for  tbe  last  seven  years.  The  Ute 
Government  had  consented  to  provide 
them  with  a  sum  of  money  which  had 
been  considered  necewarv  for  the  comple- 
tion of  the  work,  and  tbcrv  was  now  no 


doubt  of  the  finul  success  of  this  great 
national  undertaking.  Mr.  Burkitt  read 
the  report  of  the  Directors,  which  stated 
that  for  the  last  six  years  they  had  used 
their  exertions  to  fulnl  rite  duty  impoecd 
on  them,  and  had.  at  length,  succeeded  in 
obtaining  a  loan  from  tbe  Commissioners 
for  issuing  Exchequer  Bills  onaccomit  dP 
Public  Works.  In  order  to  obtain  the  re- 
quired assistance.  Lord  Morpeth  and  Sir 
Harry  Inglis,  with  a  deputation,  waited  on 
Lord  Althorp,  to  whom  a  statement  was 
given  that  846,0001.  would  be  as  much  as 
they  should  want,  and  which  was  readily 
acceded;  to.  Under  tbe  advice  of  their  so- 
licitor. 30,000/.  on  the  5th  December  last, 
was  placed-in  the  Bank  of  England.  At 
no  distant  period,  therefore,  Uie  Tunnd 
would  be  finished.  The  Report  concluded 
by  stating  that,  not  only  the  late  but  tbe 
present  Government  have  afforded  every 
facility  for  the  promotion  of  the  work, 
while  the  Duke  of  Wellington  and  Lord 
Morpeth  have  manifested  the  greatest  in- 
terest  throughout  its  progress.  The  re- 
port of  Mr.  Brunei  was  next  read,  which 
expressed  the  fullest  conviction  of  that 
gentleman  as  to  the  possibility  of  the 
Tunnel  being  perfected,  for  which  pur- 
pose  a  house  had  been  taken  for  him  aoae 
1^  the  Tunnel.  A  new  shield  will  have 
to  be  made ;  but  many  preparatory  steps 
have  been  going  on  since  the  beginning  of 
November  last.  Mr.  Brunei  will  not 
commence  tbe  Tunnel  from  the  north 
side,  but  continue  the  line  on  tbe  south 
aide,  beginning  where  he  leftoC  The 
accounts  were  then  read  by  Mr.  BurUtt, 
beginning  from  Jan.  1,  lasi,  to  Decern- 
ber,  1834.  On  the  credit  side  there  was 
an  account  of  admission  money  to  view 
the  Tunnel,  1,119/1  18f.;  and  on  the 
debit  side,  on  account  of  advertising  the 
exhilution  of  the  Tunnel,  300/. 

London  and  Birnung^mRaUmau. — The 
Directors,  at  their  Ust  half-yeai^  Meet- 
ing,  made  an  interesting  Report  relative 
to  the  progress  of  this  great  undertaking. 
It  appears  that  fifty-eight  mOea  have  bem 
contracted  for;  the  total  amount  of  con- 
tract for  which  is  850,440/.  and  tbe  En- 
sineer's  estimate  tor  the  same  84^808/. 
The  works  of  tbe  several  Contracts  are 
generally  in  a  state  of  satisfkctory  pro- 
gress. To  ensure  the  adoption  of  sound 
principles  in  tbe  construction  of  Railway 
bars  and  supports,  the  Directors  have 
endeavoured  to  collect  the  best  informa- 
tion on  the  subject  from  scientific  and 
practical  men,  and  have  undertaken  ex- 
periments  on  malleable  iron  bars  of  differ- 
ent forms,  at  the  sug|i:pstion  and  under 
the  direction  of  Professor  Barlow,  at 
Woolwich  Dock  Yard.  That  passengers 
by  the  Railway  should  have  a  nearer  ac 


ltB35.]       Domestic  Occurrencett, — Promotions  and  Preferments.         427 

teM  to  tbe  metropolis  than  the  station  at 
Camden  Town,  tbeyhave  caused  aurvejrs 
and  Estimates  to  be  made  of  a  line, 
about  a  mile  in  length,  from  the  present 
termination  to  Euston-grove,  and  have 
ascertuned  that  no  opposition  will  be 
offered  to  the  measure.  They  have  suc- 
ceeded in  making  arrangements  for  the 
improvement  of  the  Kailway,  by  partial 
deviations  in  the  line  at  Wojverton,  Wee- 
don,  and  Brockball,  by  which  two  tunnels 
and  the  curve  round  tbe  barracks  will  be 
avoided,  and  the  line  shortened  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile.  To  enable  tbe  Com- 
pany to  carry  tbe  proposed  demtious  into 
effect,  and  to  extend  tbe  Railway  to  Eus- 
ton-grove,  an  application  to  Parliament 
for  a  new  Act  will  be  required. 


THEATRICAL  REGISTER. 
king's  theatae. 

During  Lent,  Mr.  C.  H.  Adams  has 
been  delivering  his  Astronomical  Leduret 
at  this  theatre,  to  highly  respectable  and 
numerous  audiences.  His  expositions  of 
tbe  ancient  and  modem  theories  have  been 
remarkid)ly  luminous;  and  the  splendid 
machinery  by  which  his  explanations  were 
elucidated,  was  of  a  most  perfect  cha- 
racter. Among  other  scenic  representa- 
tions, there  ^jras  a  tellurian,  shewii^  the 


earth  in  the  four  quarters  of  its  orbit,  and 
its  revolutions  round  the  sun ;  a  magnifi- 
cent zodiac  sixty  feet  in  circumfer«)Ce; 
and  a  mechanical  transparent  apparatus 
most  effectively  representing  the  nature 
of  the  tides  as  influenced  by  the  relative 
situations  of  tbe  sun  and  moon.  But  the 
most  splendid  and  imposing  of  all  was  tbe 
grand  vertical  orrery  shewn  at  the  con- 
clusion, which  represented  the  sun  as 
forming  the  centre  of  tbe  solar  system, 
and  all  the  planets,  with  their  respective 
satellites,  revolving  around  the  great  In- 
minaiy  of  light  The  Lecturer's  delivery 
was  clear,  sonorous,  and  forcible ;  and  his 
poetical  quotations  were  very  felicitous. 

March  21.  Tbe  season  commenced,  at' 
this  theatre,  under  the  management  of 
Laporte,  with  one  act  of  tbe  opera  of 
Tancredi,  a  musical  selection,  and  the 
ballet  of  Niua,  ou  la  FblU  par  Amour 
which  were  very  well  received. 

OBUBY  LANE. 

March  21.  A  new  comedy,  in  five 
acts,  entitled  The  Patrician  and  Parvenu^ 
or  Cotifiuion  vorw  eon/bunded,  from  tbe 
pen  of  Mr.  Poole,  was  brought  forward 
and  very  favourably  received.  It  was 
announced  for  repetition  amidst  uni. 
versal  applause. 


PROMOTIONS,  PREFERMENTS, &c. 


Gazette  Peomotions. 

Vtb.  18.  Knighted,  Col.  Jamet  Umond,  Ma' 
dn*  Art. ;  Col.  Joieph  O'Hallorao,  C.B.  Ben* 
gal  Army. 

Feb.  M.    Tie  Duke  ofBaeelench  elected  K.O. 

Feb.  U.  H.  W.  Macaulay,  «<q.  to  be  hi* 
MiOC*tr'*  Commiasmy  Jodge,  and  W.  W.  Lewii, 
e»q.  to  be  CoramiMiooer  of  Arbitratioo,  in  the 
mixed  British  and  Fotei|n  Coortt  of  Comniia- 
aioBi  eitablithed  at  Sierra  Leone. 

Feb.  ib.  Knichted,  Cha*.  Bulleo,  cm.  Capt. 
R.N.  C  B.  and  K.C.H. 

Feb.  87.  Ceylon  Regt.— M^jor  T.  FleUher, 
to  be  Licwt.-Col.;  Cai>t.  S.  Braybrook'r,  to  be 
Major. 

Feb.  S8.  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Cbarlet  Manners  8n^ 
ton,  created  B^iiod  Bottrtford,  of  Bottctford,  co. 
Leicester,  and  Viscount  dnterbury,  of  the  city 
of  Canterbuiy. — Migor-Gen.  Sir  Howard  Doug- 
las, Bart,  to  b«  Lord  High  Commissioner  of  the 
Ionian  Islands. 

March  4.  John  Nicholl,  esq.  LT^D.  to 'be  a 
Commiskioner  of  the  Tre^suiy,  rice  Ewart  Olad- 
itooe,  esq  appointed  Under  Secretary  of  State 
for  thr  Colon  ie«. 

Man  li  i.    Col.  Foulis,  E.  I.  C.  to  be  0.  B. 

March  6.  Dragoon  Guards,  C«pt.  C.  Make- 
peace, to  be  M<jor. — 73d  Foot,  Lieut.-Col.  J.  F. 
Love,  70th  Rest,  to  be  Lieut.-Col.— 7aih  Foot. 
Lteut.-Col.  E.  Stud'l,  vault,  to  be  Lieut.-Col. 

March  IS.  79(h  Foot,  Msijor  R.  FergoMtn.  to 
be  Lieut.-Col. ;  Capt.  K.  Cainrrou.  to  be  Major. 

March  18.  Knlfhtcil,  Major  Gen.  Tho.  Pear- 
son.- Right  Hon.  Henry  t«rd  Cowley,  O.  C.  B. 
to  be  Ainb«ssador  to  the  King  of  the  Ftcnch. 

March  90.  Coldstreum  Foot  Onardt,  Lieut. 
Col.  Wm.  Berrvford,  to  be  Capt,  and  Lieut.-Col. 


Member$  rttwmed  to  terve  in  Parliament. . 

Cambridge  Uitiver*^.—Uoxk.  C.  E.  Law. 
Canterbury. — Rt.   Hon.  Sir  8.   B.   Laihington 

(duly  elected),  vice  Villiers. 
Cardifff—J.  Nicbolt,  Esq.  D.C  L.  re-elecUd. 


Ecclesiastical  Pbefekhents. 

Rer.  C.  King,  to  be  a  vicar  in  Salisbury  Catb. 

Rev.  J.  B.  Allen,  Maupowder  R.  Dorset. 

Rev.  R.  B.  Bradley,  Cothelstone  P.  C.  Someiset. 

Rev.  C.  H.  Bennct,  Ousden  R.  Suffolk. 

Rer.  B.  Coney,  Cliediy  R.  Somerset. 

Rer.  G.  Croly,  St.  Stephen  Walbrook  R.  LondoD. 

Rnr.  G.  8.  Crowys,  Cruwys  Mof chard  R.  Devon. 

Rev.  J.Cnneis,  Shelton  with  Hardwicke  B.  Nort. 

Rev.  A.  H.  Duthie,  Sittingbourne  V.  Kent. 

Rev.  E.  n.  Dymock,  Hadnal  R.  Salop. 

Rev.  J.  Evcleigh,  Alkham  V.  Kent. 

Rev.  P.  Frye,  St.  Winnoe  V.  Devon. 

Rev.  W.  Ooode,  St.  Aotholin  and  St.  John's  R. 

London. 
Rev.  R.  Owillym,  Ulverston  R.  co.  Lancaster. 
Rev.  R.  Haynr,  St.  Olave  R.Exeter. 
Rev.  T.  F.  Jennings,  St.  Philip's  R.  Bristol. 
Rev.  H.  J   Luscombe,  Chilton  and  Edington  P.  C. 

Ssmersct. 
Rev.  W.  Marsh,  Ashburton  V.  Devon. 
Rev.  W.  Monkhouse,  Ooldington   V.  Beds. 
Rev.T.  Musciave,  Orwell  V.  co.  C«mbridge. 
Rev.  E.  Pidsley,  Sampford  Peverell  R.  Devon. 
Rev.  E.  E.wlings,  Hatford  R.  Bei  ks. 
Rev.  C.  Rose,  Cubliogion  R.  Bock*. 
Rev.  M.  H.  Seymour,  CroMmolioa  R.  co.  Mayo. 
Rev.  J.  A.  Smith,  Udimnre  V.  Sussex. 
Rev.  C.  L.  Swalnsoo,  St.  Giles  V.  Oxford. 
Rev.  J.  Thome,  Bishopsnym^Uku  V  .^*x«\k. 


428 


Promotions,  Sfc. — Births  and  Marriages. 


[April. 


Chaplains. 


Re*.  W.  R,  Holdeo,  Ch«p.  to  Si.  Ofwild'*  Hoi- 

piUl,  Worrejter, 
Hev     C.   Whltcombc,  Cliap.  to  tii«  Earl  of  Tao- 
kervlllp. 


Civil  pRErERiiEjrra, 

Joho  Hildyiiri],  t-tq.  to  be  Ilrcorder  of  Leicet* 
tcr,  vice  Mr.  Scij.  Unulburn,  M.  P. 

John  W^iiir,  ctq.  to  be  Kecordcr  of  Oiirord, 
vice  the  l»ie  Sir  W.  E.  Tnuniou. 

AnHiPv  AmM,  to  t>«  depuiy  ttecoider  ufNoi- 
tiD(li4ni. 

Sir  C.  Welherell,  to  be  Temporal  Ciiaocrllor  of 
theCouiit>  Pal>tii.e  of  DuHi^ni. 

Dr.  Abe-rcromuie,  to  be  Lord  Rector  nf  the 
Univnsiiy  of  Aheidren, 

Mr.  Thomu  Henderson,  to  be  Profeiior  of 
Praciical  Autonomy  in  the  L'dit.  of  Edinburgh. 

Re-v.  H.  U'iUmO,  Mi»l.  of  Gram,  iktvool  at 
Wigan. 


— ^ — Al  Ooldieote  Hogie,  W«rwicK*hlrf,  tb»  mttt 

at  Chas.  S«rgiton  Smitli,  e»).  a  %oa  and  lieir.. 

11,  In   P»rV-»<j.    Re(eot'»-paik.    the  wife  of  llw 

Ret.  F.  H.  Huttoo.  a  dau. i<l.    In    Bclfrav^ 

aquare,  Die  Coantesl  of  BurU»|toa,  a  dau.- — - 
17.    At    Pinhoe  Viiurasr,  the    wife   of   tlie    hn, 

Dacret  Adams,  a  »oq. In  fharies »tr«*t.  Ber- 

keley-M).    tlic  Hon.   Mii.  Ferinson,  of  PiLfwitr, 
a  ton. 


BIRTHS. 

Oct.  IP.  At  Poooab,  (lie  wife  of  LiruC-Col. 
OriAOi,  Bombay  Artillery,  •  loo. 

Feb.  l>.    At   ili^   Ucfioty,  JHorchard    Biahop, 

tlie  wife  of  the  Rcrv.  J.  B«rlhokimcw,  a  dau, 

17.    At    Plymontli,    llic    wtfe  of  Capi.    Uorr.ard, 

II.  N.  a   dau. lU.  Ac  Sitanlon  Vicaraer,  Dar- 

haoi,    the  wife  of   llic    Rev.   Rowland  WrbsUr, 

M  dau. Vi-    ia    Upper   firook.sUeet,  the  lady 

Louisa   Finch,   a    son   and   heir. VI,   At  Brao> 

)itoii-l),<ll,  l.inrolii.  the  wifcof  Ihc  Hon.  A.  L.  aMcU 

ville,  a  *<ni. «'J.    At  the  VKaraRr,  IHraronibr, 

the  Wife  r.f  R,  W.  Dickinaon,  e»<i. At  H<iu«s 

Hall.    SluflorJihire,    the  wife  of  tlie  Rev.  G.  G. 

Harvey,    a    noq. 23.    At    Wialtiog  p»rk,    to. 

Canib.  ihc  teat  of  ller  fatlirr,  Sir  Cli«».  Wntion, 

Bxrl.    the  wife    of  Alea.  Cotton,   e»q,    a  son. 

ti4.  Al    Einpingham   Vicaiage,  Kutland,  llie  vrife 

Df    llie  Kev.    Ixvitk    Cooper,  a  ion. Al    the 

Rectory,  WainBwt,    tl>e   wife   of    Uie    Kev.    H. 

Cbolnieivy.  a  duu. <7.  Al  the  Vicaiage,  SouUi- 

■tokc,  Oxon,   the  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  Trollope,  a 

dau. M.    Al  Gruntliiiin.  the  wife  of  the  Ker. 

W.  II.  Bland,    Keitor  of   Pickwoitb,  a  dau. 

Al  the  Rectory,  Middletoo  ClirDey,MorUiampton- 

aliiie,  the  wi^s  of  the  Kev.  $.  lUll,  a  dau. At 

Tlicloa  Mouse,   nenr  Ciewkcrne,  the  Ritht  Hon. 

Couutrss  Poolett,  a  too. The  wife  of  the  Kev. 

J.  Buiiow«,  of  Steeple  Attuo  Kectory,  of  twiut, 

Marrh  I.     The  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  Pattnon,  of 

Faioey,    W.lta,  a    dau. In   Brook-slreet,  the 

Hon.  Mrs.  Suol'}-,  a  dau. 4.  The  wife  of  tbe 

Rev.  £.  Read,  Miverden-paik,  Gloure^trishirr, 
naonand  licir.        l.  Al  the  Vicarage,  Tysoe,  the 

Wife  of   Ihe  Rev.  8.  Y.  Sragrave,    a  dau. Al 

the  V|r»r«ge,   AffpudUIr,   Ihe    wife   of  the    Rev. 

Rich.  Wntdy,  a  d«u. At  Hampton  Cuort,  the 

wuc  of  Col.  Coik,  a  Mjn.— <.  At  Nea  House, 
near  C'hri'Khurch,  Uir  wife  of  Lieut.  Col.  Ca- 
meron, twin    daughters. 7.  At    Wr»lo«-lc«Jgr, 

I>trti)abirr,  Uie  laily  of  the  Hon.  and  R«t.  A.  Cur- 

»o»,  a  dau. f,  Tlie  Wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr .  Ixioglry. 

Head  Maaler  uf  lUriow  School,  a  son. 41  tliC 

P«rv>aagr,  Diresbury,  Cheshire,  Itiewife  of  Kev. 
Cha*.  Ood|i<on,    a   duu.-^li.    At  Templemore, 

Uie  tiife  of  M«jor  EJen  >pth  ie«t,  a  s«n. Tli« 

wife  of  |.l#ul.-Col.  CarlypQ,  pf  tJiceDway,  a  ion. 
\t.  In  Lower  GrnsTeoor  icrerl.  Lady  liar- 
net  CliT«,  ■  ■OD.'^— In  l,andoo,  the  lloa.  Lady 
ljtf">i  wlf*  of  ftir  Thnatas  L^g«id,  Bart,  a  dau. 
-^A(  (ierr«<d  *  cros«,  Burks,  llic  Mifa  of  Uent-- 

Col.  T.    I>und«ii,  Bengal  Army,   ■  soo H,  At 

Mcdlaod,  Ihe  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Swele,  a  ton. 
•^— Al  Caiko  Abbey,  near  Derby,  ihc  lady  of 
Mu  0«argc  Crewe,  Bart.  M,  P.  a  dau.- — At 
llarwub,  il>«  wife  of  d.  K.  Dyer,  ear].  Inapeet- 
Ifsg    L'iM|iwa9d«r    of    thi    Coatl     lluaiil,    a    >lav, 


MARRIAGES. 

Nov.  !.  Al  Jabulpoor,  M.  PoUiugwood  Om 
manney,  eaq.  aco  o(  Sir  F.  OtnmauiiTy,  lo  Louim 
E.  dau.  of  Lieut.-Col.  Co^t]e^■,  Bengal  N.  Inf. 

Feb-  14.  Al  St.  Mary's,  bryaa»loo-sq.  Capt. 
Oillieia,  Scotch  Fiisilcc'r  Guards,  to  Margaret 
Mary  Lucilla,  ilau.  of    the  late  Rev.  J,  Ma<p)<er- 

ron,  e>q.  of   pitniain. At  AbettaTenoy,  Abel 

Lcs«it,  ei<).  of  Brutol,  lo  Maria  Louisa,    se^oed 

dau.  of  Col.  Hueh   Sprafue,   of   London. lO. 

P.  8lraCfoid  Carry,  esq.  Barrister,  to  Eoiily  Au- 
brey Watren,  fourth  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  War- 
ren.  17.  .^t    Dowsby,    MajorGeo.  Johosoo.  of 

Wyllivm  oii-ihc-Ilill,  to  Lucy,  elilrat  dau,  of  the 

Rev.    Kiuiiman    Foster. 18.    At    Leamiagloa 

Spa,  the  Kev.  E.  Lewis,  of  L'anb^dCf,  ««  C«U.»- 
rioe  Auriol,  dau.  of  the  laic  E.  Aursol  llay 
Drummood,  D.   l>.   brother    of  the  lata  E«rl  "1 

Kint»oull. At    Bromky-lodje,    Capt.    8.    P»- 

tullo,  H.C.S.  to  Mary  Erskinc,  liau.  of  ihe  laic 

Capt.    Rollard. Al    Bcamin»tcr.    Doraet,    ih# 

Rev.  R.  R.  Campbell,  of  Laflgford  Budvillr,  near 
Welliujitoii,    to    .Mary  Anne,   rlde»t    dauchtcr   cl 

the  laic  Uconi*  Moore,  esq.  M.D   •■'  '■-•■•■  

IB.  At   Stx-mi'ld,    life    Kev.  J.    (  t. 

vicar   of  Fliutham,   Notts,   to  M  •  -i 

dau.  of  Samu*  1  B,  Ward,  eaq.— — A.  -  -  .i -'a. 

the  Rev.  William  Recce   Daviea,   M.  A.   to  Mrs. 

Pill,    of   Naah    Coorl, <i*.     Al     8t.    JaiMV^ 

We-timiusler,  tlic  Hon.  and  Rev.  S.  Beat,  to 
F.mnia.  dju.  oF  the  late  Lieut.  Col.  ChariM  D«ll«. 

!i.    At    Weston,   near   Bath,    tha    Be*.   W, 

Parker,  lo  Rertor  of  Saliam,  Norfolk,  Eliaa  Hal«*i 
dau.    01    tlic    late    n.  Wrlch,  esq.  of  High  Ltk, 

Lancas><irr. At    Christ    Church,    .MaiyleiKMM, 

Major  Mitchell,  to  Jessie,  eldest   dau.  of  Licul.. 

Col.  M'Caskill,   Mlh   Kcgi. Al  fs|.  C.e-igafa. 

Ilaisoversq.  W.  Oakeley.  esq.  of  Oakclry,  &«lo|i. 
to  Alicia    Mary,    eldest    dau.    of  Lieut.  G«D.    Sir 

Evan    Lloyd    and   Lady   Trimleslown <*.  At 

St.  Lawrence's,  York,  W,  Dawson  I  iiilclala,  of 
Bolton  Hall,  e»q.  to  Fraocei  Florin  "   ,  ■»u. 

of    Lieut.-Cul.  Cobbr,   R.  A. —  ty 

churct),  St.  Maryleboue,  LieuL,!"  .  «> 

Miss  Prisdila  Dimadale,  of  Bruiiswii  a.  piacc, 
Hegcnl's-paik, 

.March  e.  At  Harewood,  J.  T.  llojK.  «•!- 
eldett  ion  of  Oca.  the  Hon.  Sir  Alea.  Hop*',  10 
Ltdy  Fraocn  Auue  Lascelles,  srrood  da«.  of  Ibc 

Earl    of    Hjrcwoo<l. At     Eufield.    the    Kev. 

Jama*    Shciman,    of    HradiDg,    tu    Martha,    OMly 

dau.  of  Beniamln  Tor krr,  esq.   of  Clay  Hill. 

J.  Al  Si  Paucra*.  Nevi  dnirch,  S  l.ana,  taq. 
eldest  aon  of  8.  Laue,  t«q.  ■  "   '  iisa 

Jane,  tccnod  dau,  o(  late  I  •■<* 

of  Fawlr'y.  Buck!  Al  1  -.-• 

Brigscoikr.    rsq.    uf    '  ' 
Maria,  second  .jau 

At  Swausca,   t  .., 

o(  C.(.l,  Maflio  Li.ii>'>,  "N  "<  v 
MailHUa,  second  rlail.  ol  Artiiur  Jor>f-. 
Al  St.  Andrew  «.  Unlnmr.  Ihr  Kev.  H. 


Rertor    of    M 
Frfd-iiaado  H 


lo      M     M»,     »Mll'»      l>. 

re  of  (hallow,  Brrki. 
'rfAUiTf,  Ca|rt    W.  H, 

-       •      u. 


dau    <.r  J.    H.  tl.ii.Jrr.  r.,| 

Jibropsljir*  — *-    At    Hu 
Marahall  Jackson,  lo  Han.. 
Maigetla,  esq.  <•!  llir  former  |>ia>a 


183a.] 


429 


OBITUARY. 


Earl  of  Daknley. 
Fib.  12.  At  Cobbam  ball,  Kent,  agei 
40.  the  Right  Hon.  Edward  Bligb,  fiftb 
Earl  of  Darnley  ^725),  Viscount  Darn- 
ley  of  Athboy  (1723),  and  Baron  Clif- 
ton,  of  Rathmore,  co-Meath  (1721),  in 
the  peerage  of  Ireland ;  Lord  Clifton,  of 
Leif^bton  Bromswold,  co.  Huntingdon  (by 
writ  1608);  Lord  Lieutenant  of  the 
county  of  M eath.  Hereditary  Steward  of 
Gravesend  and  AUlton,  M.A.  F.Z.S. 
&c.  &c. 

His  Lordship  was  bom  Feb.  25,  1795, 
the  second  but  eldest  surviving  son  of 
John  the  fourth  Earl,  by  Elizabeth,  the 
daughter  of  the  late  Right  Hon.  William 
Brownlow,  of  Lurgan,  co.  Armagh.  He 
was  educated  at  Eton  and  at  Christ 
Chnrcb,  Oxford:  where  in  1814,  on  the 
visit  of  the  Allied  Sovereigns  to  that 
Unirersitv,  he  recited  a  Latin  ode  in  the 
theatre.  In  1816  his  Lordship  was  placed 
at  the  examinations  in  the  first  class  of 
LUera  Humaniores.  In  1818  be  was 
elected  M.  P.  for  Canterbury ;  and  be 
was  recbosen  in  1820  and  1826,  but  not 
in  1830. 

He  succeeded  to  the  peerage  March  17, 
1831,  on  the  death  of  his  father,  t>f  whom 
a  memoir  will  be  found  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magazine,  vol.  ci.  i.  366  The 
claim  of  this  family  to  the  Dukedom 
of  Lennox,  there  noticed,  has  not  been 
further  prosecuted.  The  late  Earl  has 
gradually  liquidated  the  debts,  and  paid 
off  the  mortgages,  with  which  his  father 
left  his  estates  incumbered. 

His  Lordship's  death  \vas  occasioned 
in  an  extraordinary  manner.  On  the  4th 
of  February  be  was  handling  an  axe, 
whilst  talking  to  some  labourers  in  his 
park,  when  he  unwarily  let  it  fall  on  bis 
foot,  and  it  cut  off  one  of  his  toes,  and 
nearly  severed  another.  After  some  days, 
tetanus  was  induced,  and  the  medical  aid 
of  Sir  B,  Brodie  and  Dr.  Farr  was  sum- 
moned, but  the  symptoms  increased  ra- 
pidly, und  surmounted  every  remedy  that 
could  be  suggested. 

Lord  Durnley  married  July  26,  1825,' 
Emily- Jane,  third  daughter  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Sir  Henry  Pamell,  Bart.  M.  P.  and 
niece  to  the  Earl  of  Portarlington,  by 
whom  he  has  left  five  children :  1 .  the 
Rt.  Hon.  John-Stuart  now  Earl  of  Dam. 
ley,  bom  in  1827 ;  2.  the  Hon.  Edward- 
Vesey  Bligh;  3.  Lady  Elizabeth- Caro- 
line; 4.  another  daughter,  bom  in  1832; 
and  5,  another  son,  bom  in  June  last. 

His  Lordship's  remains  were  carried 
for  interment  to  CJobhum  church ;  the  fu- 


neral procession  was  on  foot,  and  the 
widowed  Countess  walked  as  chief  moum> 
er,  accompanied  by  her  elder  children. 


Lord  Napier. 

Sept.  27.  At  Macao,  in  China,  (un- 
der the  circumstances  already  recorded  in 
our  last  number,  p.  269)  aged  48,  the 
Rt.  Hon.  William  John  Napier,  ninth 
Lord  Napier  of  Merchistoun,  in  the 
peerage  of  Scotland  (162i7),  and  a  Ba- 
ronet of  Nova  Scotia  (same  y^Rr);  ■ 
Captain  in  the  Royal  Navy,  Principal 
Superintendent  of  the  British  trade  with 
China,  and  F.  R  S.  Edin. 

His  Lordship  was  born  at  Kinsale  in 
Ireland,  Oct.  13.  1786,  the  eldest  son  of 
Francis  seventh  Lord  Napier,  (who  was 
then  a  Major  in  the  army,  and  afterwards 
one  of  the  sixteen  Representative  Peers 
of  Scotland,)  by  Mana- Margaret,  eldest 
daughter  of  Sir  \Villiam  Clavering,  K.B. 

At  the  a^e  of  16  he  chose  the  navr  as 
bis  profession,  and  be  Avas  a  midship- 
man on  board  the  Defiance  at  the  glo- 
rious battle  of  Trafalgar,  when  that  ship 
captured  the  St.  Bdefonso,  and  carried 
the  prize  into  Gibraltar.  He  after- 
wards served  on  board  the  Foudroyant, 
and  the  Imperieuse,  Captain  Lord  Coch- 
rane, who,  in  his  despatches  of  7  Jan. 
1807,  noticed  him  as  having  distio- 
giiished  himself  in  a  boat  attack  on 
Fort  Roquette  on  the  preceding  day. 
On  the  14th  Nov.  following,  he  com- 
manded  one  of  two  boats  which  captured 
a  privateer  of  eight  guns  and  54  men ; 
and  was  one  of  twelve  in  his  boat  who 
were  wounded,  two  of  whom  died.  On 
the  20th  Feb.  1808,  be  assisted  in  cutting 
out  of  the  bay  of  Almeira,  a  French 
letter  of  marque  of  10  guns,  two  brigs, 
and  a  large  settee.  Being  sent  to  con- 
duct an  unarmed  vessel,  detained  by  the 
Imperieuse,  to  Gibraltar,  he  was,  on  his 
passage,  taken  by  a  privateer  from  Ma- 
non.  April  3,  1808,  and  carried  into 
Ivica,  where  he  remained  a  prisoner  for 
three  months.  He  was  released  when 
the  Spaniards  began  to  throw  off  the 
French  yoke,  and  afterwards  assisted  in 
the  defence  of  Fort  Trinity,  and  at  the 
siege  of  Roses.  He  was  on  board  the 
Imperieuse,  April  12,  1809,  when  the 
Calcutta  was  taken. 

On  the  6th  Oct.  following  be  received 
his  commission  as  Lieutenant;  from 
which  period  be  served  in  the  Kent  74 
and  Sparrowhawk  18,  until  bis  promotion 
to  the  rank  of  Commander  June  1,  1812. 


430 


Obituart.— Z,orrf  Napier. 


[April, 


He  was  wounded  in  the  attack  on  Pa]a- 
no$.  Dec.  II,  1810. 

His  first  ship  as  Commander  was  the 
Goshawk  16,  sUtioned  an  the  coast  of 
Catalonia,  where  he  had  the  misfortune 
to  be  wrecked  Sept  21, 181  a  In  March 
1814  he  was  appointed  to  the  Erne  cor- 
vette, of  20  gunii;  and  in  June  following 
he  obtained  a  post  commission. 

On  the  Peace  in  1815,  Lord  Napier 
retired  from  active  sen.-ice ;  but  prenous 
to  bis  settling  on  bis  family  estates,  al- 
though then  in  the  29th  year  of  his  age, 
he  entered  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
and  spent  the  first  winter  there  in  a 
conne  of  study.  He  then  commenced  a 
seriea  of  agricultural  pursuits,  with  quite 
as  much  energy  and  success  as  he  had 
followed  his  profession.  Uniting  ob> 
jecta,  neither  of  them  easy  of  attainment, 
the  improvement  of  his  family  estate 
with  the  comfort  and  happiness  of  the 
peasantry  who  resided  on  it,  he  succeeded 
in  making  himself  beloved  by  his  father's 
tenants,  and  esteemed  and  respected  by 
the  whole  neighbourhood.  His  Lor^ 
•hip  wrrote  a  treatise  on  the  system  of 
a^culture  best  adapted  to  the  pastoral 
district  in  which  he  resided.  This  work 
wai  favorably  noticed  in  the  Edinburgh 
Review,  and  the  success  of  his  benevo- 
lent plans  was  recorded  in  the  Spectator, 
a  local  newspaper,  with  high  praise;  a 
testimony  which  was  regarded  by  him  as 
more  valuable  than  that  of  judges  supe- 
rior in  rank,  but  in  other  respects  lesa 
competent. 

On  the  1st  of  August,  1823;  he  suc- 
ceeded bis  father  in  the  peerage. 

He  was  recalled  to  his  profession  on 
the  6th  of  May,  1824,  having  obtained 
the  command  of  the  Diamond  of  46  gims, 
then  fitting  for  the  South  American  sta- 
tion. On  this  station  he  remained  about 
two  years  and  a  half,  and  then  returned 
again  to  his  native  country. 

In  December  1833  he  received  from 
the  King  a  Commission  appointing  him 
Principal  Superintendent  of  the  Trade 
and  Interests  of  the  British  Nation  in 
CIdna.  His  Lordship's  instructions  ap« 
pear  to  have  been  couched  in  very  general 
terms.  The  following  extract  from  them 
baa  appeared  in  the  Canton  Refpbter  o{ 
August  the  19th,  1634:— 

*•  We  do  require  and  enjoin  you  to 
watch  over  aud  protect  the  interest  of 
our  subjects  resident  at  and  reaorting  to 
the  Empire  of  China,  for  tite  purposes  of 
trade;  and  to  afford  to  them  all  such  ad- 
vice, information,  and  assistance  as  it 
may  be  in  your  power  to  give,  with  the 
view  to  the  safe  and  successful  conduct 
of  thdr  commercial  transactions;  and  to 
ibe  utmost  of  your  ability  to  protect  them 


in  the  peareaUe  prosecudon  of  all  lawful 
enterprises;  and  by  the  exertion  of  your 
utmost  influence  aiiid  authority,  to  adjust 
by  arbitration  or  persuasion  all  disputes 
in  which  our  subjects  may  be  there  en- 
gaged with  one  another.** 

His  Lordship  had  under  bia  command 
two  frigates,  the  Imogene  and  Andro- 
macbe :  but  it  doea  not  appear  that  any 
special  service  in  China  bad  been  asaigned 
to  these  shipa  of  war  by  the  bome  au- 
tliorities,  beyond  the  safe  conveyance  of 
his  Lordship,  his  family,  and  saite,  to  tiM 
scene  of  hu  official  dei>tination,  and  it 
may  be  presumed,  the  defence  of  hi*  per- 
son, and  of  those  whom  he  was  sent  to 
protect,  in  the  event  of  their  being  sub- 
jected to  any  unjust  attack  by  the  Chi- 
nese. It  is  however  but  too  well  known 
that  a  notion  had  been  for  several  yean 
back  propagated,  among  persons  con- 
nected with  Chiria,  that  the  British  na- 
tion, by  a  mere  display  of  naval  strength, 
might  prescribe  any  terms  for  the  regula- 
tion of  its  intercourse  with  China,  whwh 
its  accredited  agents  might  judge  to  be 
moat  expedient.  The  demonstration  of 
Captain  Murray  Maxwell,  in  the  year 
1816,  had  been  frequently  appealed  to  in 
support  of  this  opinion ;  and,  unforto- 
natdy,  it  appears  to  have  bad  an  undue 
weight  in  forming  the  arraiwementa  dwt 
led  to  the  course  which  Lord  Napier 
adopted -after  his  arrival  in  China. 

His  Lordship  reached  Macao  on  tha 
15th  July;  where  he  remained  till  the 
24th,  appointing  his  subordinate  ofEcera. 
On  the  afternoon  of  that  day,  under  a 
strong  persuasion  of  the  accuracy  of  hi* 
proceedings,  although  diaaoaded  from  the 
course  he  took  by  some  of  the  local 
functionaries,  he  embarked  for  Canton 
without  having  previously  obtained  the 
consent  of  the  Chinese  authoritiea  in 
that  province,  and  arrived  on  the  morning 
of  the  25th  at  the  East  India  Compa- 
ny's Factory.  There  he  invited  the  mer- 
chants to  a  cordial  co-opention  with  him 
in  the  establishment  of  an  uiurestxicted 
intercourse  with  the  Chinese;  and  be  de- 
clined communication  with  the  Hong 
merchanta.  On  being  made  acquaints 
with  these  proceedings.  Loo  the  Oovenxir 
of  Canton,  ordered  nia  return  to  Macao^ 
and  on  his  refusal  subjected  him,  by  the 
withdnwment  of  all  subordinate  service, 
and  all  supplies,  to  a  species  of  annoy, 
ance  (at  which  ha  was  but  ill  prepared. 
The  subsequent  correspondence  between 
his  Lordship  and  the  Hong  Merchanta, 
(Loo,  the  Governor  of  the  province,  luv- 
in{(  refused  to  recognize  or  correspond 
with  him,)  appears  to  have  been  cbane- 
tensed  bv  feelings  of  displeasure  on  both 
sides.     At  length  the  constant  irritation 


1835.] 


Obi  ruABY. — Mr.  Justice  7\itf »/on. 


431 


of  hit  Lovddiip'g  nerves,  and  weight  of 
hi*  official  dotieo  and  responsibiliues,  to 
preyed  upon  hit  health,  that  be  became  in- 
capable of  longer  sustaining  the  arduous 
stsnggle,  and  requested  to  m  allowed  to 
return  to  Macao.  The  Chinese  seised 
this  occasion  for  extorting  an  open  order 
for  the  retirement  from  toe  China  seas  of 
the  English  frigates,  who  had  then  forced 
the  passage  of  the  Bogue,  with  some  ex- 
pense of  human  life  on  both  sides.  Ac- 
cording to  the  report  of  the  suii^eon,  T. 
R.  Colledge,  esq.  the  terms  of  this  agree- 
ment  with  the  Chinese  were  violated  on 
their  part  by  a  causeless  delar  of  two 
days  ;  but  on  the  part  of  the  Chinese,  it 
is  intimated  that  they  held  bis  Lordship 
fls  a  hosta^  till  it  should  be  ascertained 
that  the  English  frigates  had  quitted 
the  Chinese  waters.  Lord  Napier,  did 
not  reach  Macao  till  the  28th  Septem- 
her.  By  this  detention,  and  by  the 
annoyance  of  the  gongs  and  crackers,  by 
the  pUy  of  which  they  accompanied  bis 
retreat,  the  symptoms  of  his  illness  were, 
in  Mr.  Colledge's  opinion,  much  aggra- 
vated; and  on  the  11th  of  October  he 
expire^  to  the  great  grief  of  his  family. 
He  was  interred,  at  bis  own  particular 
request,  beside  the  remains  of  his  late 
Chinese  Secretary,  Dr.  Morrison. 

Lord  Napier  married,  March  28,  1816, 
Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Hon.  Andrew.  James  Cochrane- John- 
stone,  uncle  to  the  present  Earl  of  Dun- 
donald,  by  whom  he  had  issue  six  daugh- 
ters and  two  sons :  1 .  the  Hon.  Mana- 
Margaret ;  2.  the  Hon.  Georgiana- 
Louisa ;  3.  the  Ri^ht  Hon.  Francis  now 
Lwd  Napier,  bom  va  1819;  4.  the  Hon. 
William;  5.  the  Hon.  Eliza;  6.  the 
Hon.  Anne;  7.  and  8.  two  daughters. 


Mb.  Jdbtick  Taunton. 

Jan.  11.  In  Russell-square,  in  his  Glth 
year.  Sir  William  Elias  Taunton,  of 
Freeland  Lodge,  Oxfordshire,  a  Puisne 
Justice  of  the  Court  of  King's  Bench, 
and  Recorder  of  Oxford. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Wm.  Elias  Taunton,  for  many  years 
Town  Clerk  of  that  City ;  was  edui-ated 
at  Westminster  School,  and  afterwards 
became  a  Student  of  Christ  Church. 
In  1793  he  gained  the  English  essay, 
Chancellor's  Prize,  the  subject  Popu- 
larity ;  he  took  the  Degree  of  M.A.  Jan. 
14k  1796;  succeeded  Mr.  Abbot,  after- 
vrards  Lord  Colchester,  as  Recorder  of 
Oxford,  in  1806;  and  was  appointed  one 
of  the  Judges  of  the  Court  of  King's 
Bench  in  Michaelmas  Term,  1830. 

He    published  "  Remarks    upon  the 


conduct  of  the  respective  Governments 
of  France  and  Great  Britain  in  the  late 
Negodation  for  Peace,  1797,"  8vo;  "  The 
Answer  to  a  Letter  written  by  Alex- 
ander Cooke,  of  Studley,  to  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  Common  of  Atmoor, 
ISOO,"  8vo. 

With  regard  to  the  intellectual  charac- 
ter of  Mr.  Justice  Taunton,  it  has  been 
remarked  in  the  Law  Magazine  that 
**  those  who  knew  him  as  a  Judge  will 
remember  him  in  the  decay  of  his  bodily 
fiunilties,  when  even  his  profound  learning 
was  feebly,  though  accurately  expressed, 
and  when  the  occasional  petulance  of 
his  temperament  had  acquired  strength, 
from  his  physical  weakness.  Even  thoae 
who  knew  him  chiefly  in  his  Term  p^u^■ 
tice,  when  at  the  bar  of  the  CourT  of 
King's  Bench,  may  have  some  excuse  for 
regarding  bim  as  a  dull,  tedious  advocate, 
whose  addresses  to  the  Court  were  obvi- 
ously prolonged  to  the  reluctant  ears  of 
a  Chief  Justice,  who  was  not  disposed 
to  bear  meekly  the  adventitious  advan- 
tages which  his  elevation  gave  him  over 
one  to  whom  he  bad  often  been  junior. 
But  those  who  knew  Mr.  Taunton  oa 
the  Oxford  Circuit,  where  his  power 
was  confessed,  and  where  it  was  occa- 
sionally roused  into  vigorous  action,  know 
that  prodigious  stores  of  knowledge,  of 
thought,  and  even  of  beauty,  remained  in 
sullen  repose  behind  the  casing  of  bis 
ordinary  mamier,  to  be  sometimes  deve- 
loped bv  a  sudden  effort,  extraordinary  as 
its  results  were  delightful. 

"  The  peculiarity  in  Mr.  Taunton's 
successful  passage  was  that  he  produced 
the  most  signal  effects  of  eloqunce,  while 
speaking  with  more  than  a  judicial  slow- 
ness— not  by  a  calm  in  the  midst  of  pas- 
sion, made  terrible  by  contrast — not  by  an 
occasional  expression  of  deep  and  quiet 
pathos — not  by  the  awful  tone  of  sup- 
pressed indignation,  which  may  whisper 
fearfully  to  the  soul — but  by  the  level 
course  of  ponderous  elocution.  In  his 
greatest  speeches,  delivered  so  slowly  that 
a  dexterous  penman  might  almost  commit 
them  to  paper  without  the  aid  of  short- 
hand, the  prime  distinction  of  eloquene« 
from  ordinary  prose  composition  was  yet 
palpable — the  thought  was  prompted  by 
the  feeling.  The  mass  of  sense,  of 
learning,  or  prejudice,  was  impelled  and 
directed  by  sympathy. 

"  Mr.  Justice  Taunton  was  a  Tory, 
not  only  by  conviction  but  by  nature. 
His  mind,  fretted  by  the  present,  rested 
and  expatiated  in  the  past.  The  senti- 
ment of  antiquity  was  never  more  nobly 
expressed  than  by  him;  for  it  was  not 
paraded  in  sentences,  but  it  imbued  his 


432 


O BIT VKHX.^ John  Berkeley  Monck,  Esq. 


[April. 


lBn(fu«t;e,  »nd  lefxncd  lii»  style,  wlipii  he 
hnd  oct'nfion  to  defend  chmtercd  liijhts, 
or  to  vinilirate  the  instkutioris  among; 
wbu'li  he  tvas  craiilcd.  Born  otn!  whi- 
t-uted  from  infancy  amirtst  thf  venerable 
beauty  of  Oxford,  it  in  imt  suqHis-int;  that 
lit'  fboiild  lean  towiirds  tlmt  Hiitliortty 
Mliich  he  hnd  tir<it  known  in  itfi  Inirift 
form,  and  look  coldly  out  opon  humanity. 
Hud  he  ttcen  raised  to  the  Bench  nt  the 
period  when  the  ffrp^'cst  advocate  of  our 
time,  now  presiding'  iti  the  Exchequer, 
advised  his  promolioti  (some  "H)  years 
ago,)  be  would  have  ieft  behind  him  a 
great  name  as  n  Jtidf^e  ;  for  even  in  the 
decay  of  his  physical  strenj^th  he  mnde 
noble  amends,  by  the  facility  of  his  lan- 
guage and  the  robu^tnenii  of  bis  thout^hls, 
for  the  ocrasionsl  ;vu)'\VBrdric»s  of  a  lem- 
peninu'iit  irnriitfd  by  [miii.  His  *ullcn. 
ncss  after  hII,  wan  but  Mipedtciul ;  there 
wa«  store  of  reul  kindness  witbin;  und 
bis  moral,  like  his  intellectiiHl.  power  wi» 
but  itiipcrfectly  gucsstMl  Ht  by  the  world. 
On  the  Oxford  I'ircnit,  at  least,  neither 
will  speedily  be  forgutten." 

His  Lordship  died  suddenly,  early  in 
the  juaniing  of  tbe  first  day  of  itTin. 
He  hud  eiitertuincd  n  ynrty  of  friends  at 
dinner,  and  retired  to  b\v.  room  at  un 
early  hour,  apparently  in  his  usual  state 
of  health,  which  had  been  somewhat  pre- 
carious for  a  consider»ble  period  j  but,  at 
about  3  o'clock  in  the  morning,  be  wua 
Buddenly  attacked  by  nlannin^  illnes»i 
and  expired  a  few  ininiitCii  after  its  coiu- 
mencement. 

He  luis  left  a  widow  and  six  children, 
four  daughter»end  two  sons. 


P 


John  Berkki.i:^  AIos-ik,  Esq. 
Dec.    13.     At  bis  seut,    C'«!ev  Park, 
Reading.   John   Berkeley   Monck,   Esq. 
formerly  M.  P.  for  that  Borough. 

Mr.  Monck  was  descended  from  the 
andent  bouse  of  the  Moncks  of  Pother- 
idge  in  Devonshire  (whei»cc  rose  the  cele- 
brated George  Duke  of  .'Mbemarle)  and 
the  second  son  of  John  Monck,  Estj.  of 
Bath,  of  whom  a  notice  will  be  found  in 
the  Gent.  Mag.  \W9,  ii.  p.  2M.  He  re- 
wived  bis  education  at  Eton,  und  wnn 
■fkerwards  entered  a  student  ut  the  Middle 
Temple,  and  in  due  course  cuited  to  the 
bar.  Hih  heullh  was  at  that  time  very 
delicate,  and  he  wos  soon  compelled  to 
rrlinquish  hi!>  residence  in  London,  and 
confine  himself  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession ill  die  country.  This  circum- 
Maiice  Oi-^tisioncd  bim  to  take  up  bis 
in  Reading,  and  from  the  |>eriod 
fMTed  tOj  aUmt  the  yciir  ITiKi,  until  the 
»th  of  bks  fiiilicr  ill  lHf»0,  be  pur*oefl 
bi»  |»rofp««^ionMl  diilirs  with  industrv, 
1^ 


honour,  and  integrity,  .At  this  latter 
))criod  his  health  materially  improved, 
luid  at  the  same  time  acquiring  at  bis 
fulhcr's  death  a  very  considerable  pro- 
vcrty.  ho  purchased  the  Colcy  and  other 
estates  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Rending, 
and  in  the  tollowing  year  mairied  -Mary, 
one  of  the  daughters  of  William  Stephen's, 
Esq  of  .'VIdermaston,  by  \t  hum  he  has 
left  issue,  John  Bligh  Aionck,  Esq.  his 
eldest  son  and  successor  to  the  estates, 
another  son,  and  two  daughters. 

At  the  dibsoiulion  of  Pjtrliament  in 
181^,  .Mr  Monck  was  invited  to  stand 
for  the  Borough  of  Heading;  but  he  tvas 
unsuccessful,  the  numbers  at  the  dote  of 
the  jHjll  being,  for  Mr.  Lefevrc,  439,  few- 
Mr.  (afterwards  Sir  John)  Simeon,  Ml, 
und  Mr  Monck,  286,  The  requisition 
to  Mr.  Monck  wit*  presented  on  Satnrdar, 
the  2btb  Sej)tenibcr.  nnd  the  elfction  took 
place  on  the  following  Wednesday ;  it 
was  most  feverely  contested,  and  the 
poll  was  kept  open  during  two  days,  the 
first  time  of  such  un  occurrence  within  the 
memory  of  man.  In  the  same  year, 
owing  to  the  war  on  the  C'ontinetit.  and 
the  constant  drain  of  specie  fur  [uivmeot 
of  our  forces  in  >pain,  the  town  o(  Het^ 
ding  M-as  much  distrei*scd  for  want  of  « 
circulating  medium,  and  to  remedy  this 
inconvenience,  Mr.  Monck  issued  geii 
tokens  of  40^.  value,  and  silver  ones  of 
2i.iid.  and  l«.  (id.  payable  in  Rank  N<itea 
on  application.  Thc«e  tokens  are  en- 
gravetl  in  Man's  History  ot  Reading,  and 
to  obtain  one  of  the  former  is,  froni  its 
rarity,  the  anxious  wi»b  of  HMny  ft  coin 
collector. 

Mr,  Monck  subsequently  went  to  the 
continent,  where  he  resided  several  years, 
until  he  was  sent  for  at  the  dissolution  of 
Parliament  in  lH:it>.  that  be  might  again 
be  put  ifi  nomination  for  the  Boiougb, 
Mr.  Lefevre  having  then  expresaed  ua 
intention  to  retire  from  bis  ParliamentsiT 
duties.  The  result  wan  this  time  suc- 
cessful—an unprecedented  contest  of  six 
days  took  place,  the  town  being  polled 
exceedingly  close,  and  the  numbers  DcinPi 
for  Mr.  .\loiuk,  418;  for  -Mr.  C.  F. 
Palmer,  31W;  and  for  Mr.  Wryland,  SH. 
At  the  ensuing  election  in  IH^Jl^  Mr. 
Monck  was  iigain  successful,  aiid  was 
placed  by  the  exertions  of  hi:>  friends  at 
the  head  cf  the  poll,     '•  -i-    -     ^^ 

arduous  contest  than  t'  c 

days'  duration;  the  num^,  ir. 

iMunck,   jHO;    for  Mr.   <«•■■  o, 

49'i;   for  Mr.    Palmer  (ali- 
dnred  on  a  scrutiny  the  tprund  tut  nibcr) 
48ft;    and   for    Mr.     Kdwurd    Wakefield 
(who  resigned  on  tjic  third  dav)  ItdH     At 
fbc  close  of  that  parliament.  Mr.  .Monck 


4 


1835.] 


Obituary. — Edward  Stevens,  Esq. 


433 


resigned  to  his  conRtituents  the  trast  they 
had  reposed  in  him,  and  retired  into  pri- 
vate life.  His  friends  marked  their  sense 
of  his  public  conduct,  by  presenting  him, 
in  1831,  with  a  magnificent  piece  of  plate, 
with  a  suitable  inscription. 

In  private  life,  Mr.  Monck  was  highly 
and  deservedly  esteemed  :  bis  charitiea, 
which  were  most  extensive,  were  distri- 
buted privately,  and  without  ostentation, 
and  bis  death  was  indeed  a  loss  to  many, 
who  felt  that  in  him  they  bad  been  be- 
reaved of  a  benefactor  and  a  friend,  from 
whom  they  could  readily  obtain,  not 
merely  good  advice,  but  more  substantial 
assistance.  His  last  moments  were  in 
unison  with  the  manner  in  which  he  had 
lived ;  faith,  hope,  and  charity,  were  in 
him  strongly  depicted,  and  he  cheerfully 
resigned  his  soul  to  his  God  who  gave  it. 

His  public  principles  were  based  upon 
strict  honour  and  integrity,  and  he  unde- 
\-iatingly  pursued  the  path  which,  in  his 
judgment,  he  considered  right :  a  strong 
advocate  for  reform  in  Parliament,  his 
addresses  to  liis  constituents  always  ex- 
pressed his  opinion  of  the  necessity  of 
recourse  to  triennial  Parliaments,  and  the 
extension  of  the  elective  franchise  in  close 
and  rotten  boroughs.  As  a  magistrate, 
Mr.  Monck  was  very  active,  and  his  scr- 
nces  were  justly  appreciated. 

Mr.  Monck  published  in  1806  *<  Some 
occasional  Verses  on  the  opening  of  the 
Reading  Literary  Institution,"  and  was 
elected  President  of  the  Reading  Philo- 
sophical Institution  at  its  establishment, 
in  18.31. 

His  death  was  deeply  felt  by  the  town 
at  large,  and  a  meeting  of  the  inhabitants 
was  convened  in  the  Council  C'haml>er  by 
the  Mayor,  pursuant  to  a  requisition  for 
that  purpose,  to  consider  the  most  proper 
modf  of  paying  the  last  tribute  of  respect 
to  his  memory  An  address  of  condolence 
to  ^Irs.  Monck  was  agreed  to;  and  it 
was  then  determined,  that  such  of  the 
friends  of  the  deceused  as  could  do  so, 
should  utCeiui  his  remains  to  the  grave. 
The  Friday  i'ollowing  having  been  fixed 
for  the  iuncnil,  the  corpse  was  met  at  the 
gates  of  (loU'V  Park  by  the  lodge  of 
Masons,  of  whom  Mr.  Monck  had  been 
Grand  .Muster  ;  the  niembers  being  dres- 
sed in  black,  with  white  kid  gloves,  car- 
rying a  sprif,'  of  evergreen,  and  immedi- 
ately pr«'fediiig  the  hearse.  On  advanc- 
ing up  the  avenue,  the  procession  was 
limdcd  by  one  hundred  scholars  from  the 
National  and  Lancasterian  schools,  and 
about  four  hundred  gentiemen  and  trades- 
nion  in  deep  mourning,  who  followed  four 
abreast  to  St.  Mary's  church,  Reading. 
The  streets,  and  the  church,  were  en- 
tirely  filled  during  the  mournful    cere- 

Gent,  Mac.  Vol.  III. 


mony ;  but  owing  to  the  excellence  of  the 
arrangements,  no  confusionprevailed.  The 
8  hops  and  houses  throughout  the  town  were 
closed  during  the  morning,  and  the  respect 
paid  to  his  memory  was  universal. 


Edwakd  Stevens,  Esq. 

Feb.  24.  At  his  residence,  on  the 
Canal,  Salisbury,  in  his  74th  year,  Ed- 
ward Stevens,  Esq.  the  senior  member  of 
the  firm  of  Messrs.  Stevens,  Bhuskmore, 
and  Sons,  oud  one  of  the  magistrates  for 
that  city. 

Hisftither  Edward  Stevens  (who  mar-' 
ried  Sarah,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  William - 
Pulsford,  Vicar  of  Seagry,  co.  Wilts) 
settled  at  Salisbury,  and  the  subject  of 
the  present  memoir  was  bom  there  July 
lU,  1761.  Left  an  orphan  at  the  eariy 
age  of  four  years  the  late  Mr.  Stevens 
was  brought  up  under  the  care  of  Thomas 
Ogden,  Esq.  f  who  married  Ayliffe,  daugh- 
ter of  the  aoove-named  Kev.  William 
Pulsford),  and  received  his  education  at 
the  Grammar-school  in  the  Close,  then 
in  high  repute. 

Mr.  Ogden  was  an  eminent  Woollen 
Draper.  By  a  long  course  of  honourable 
dealing,  his  bouse  of  trade  had  obtained 
an  established  reputation,  even  from  the 
reign  of  Charles  the  First ;  and  when  he 
retired,  in  the  year  1794,  Mr.  Stevens  his 
nephew  succeeded  to  n  share  of  bis  busi- 
ness, and  continued  to  superintend  the 
estublishment  upon  the  .<tume  high  prin- 
ciples that  had  characterized  his  prede- 
cessors, until  within  a  very  short  period  of 
his  decease ;  but,  though  engaged  in  ex- 
t(>nsive  commercial  transactions,  he  was 
enabled  by  his  active  habits  to  devote 
much  time  to  the  service  of  his  fellow 
citizens  and  the  country.  On  the  forma- 
tion of  armed  associations  in  1798,  Mr. 
Stevens  was  unanimously  elected  Ensign 
(»f  the  Company  niised  in  his  own  parish. 
In  17}»9he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
(/ommim  Council;  and  in  18MI-2  he 
served  the  office  of  Mayor  of  the  city,  in 
which  capacity  he  had  the  honour  of  pre- 
senting to  his  Majesty,  at  St.  James's, 
the  Address  of  tlie  CJorporation  on  the 
peace  of  Amiens.  On  the  threatened 
invasion  of  the  country  in  180.3,  he  was 
selected  as  f  "aiitain  of  the  Light  Infantry 
Company  of  the  corps  of  Salisbury  Vo- 
lunteers, which  commis.sion  he  held,  be- 
loved by  all  under  his  command,  until  the 
services  of  the  Volunteers  throughout  the 
kingdom  wore  dispensed  with. 

In  1803  Mr.  Stevens  was  elected  Al- 
derman, and  in  1807  Magistrate  for  the 
City,  the  duties  of  which  offices  be  dis- 
charged with  great  assiduity  until  very 
recently.  In  1816  he  was  elected  Cham- 
berlain of  the  City,  from  which.  o®iR».\!>!fe 


434 


OBiTVA^x.—Alexamkr  Logan,  E$q,  F.S.A. 


[April, 


retired,  at  bis  own  request,  in  1826. 
During  the  ten  yean  in  which  he  filled 
this  laborious  situation,  the  accounts  of 
the  Corporation,  which  he  found  in  a 
very  confused  state,  were  arranged  and 
simplified,  and  under  his  management  the 
pay  of  all  the  charities  of  which  the  Cor- 
poration were  trustees,  was  considerably 
augmented.  He  received  at  various  times 
the  thanks  of  the  Council,  and  on  retiring 
from  the  office  of  Chamberlain  in  1826, 
he  was  presented  by  the  Mayor  and  C-om- 
monalty  with  a  silver  salver  of  the  value 
of  sixtv  guineas,  <*  to  testify  their  sense 
of  the  benefits  derived  to  the  Corporation 
and  to  the  Poor,  for  his  faithful  services 
in  the  office  of  Chamberlain  during  a  pe- 
riod of  ten  years." 

For  nearly  forty  3rear8,  Mr.  Stevens  was 
Treasurer  to  the  SundiiBy  School  of  his 
parish ;  and  in  that  time,  through  the  libe- 
rality of  the  subscribers,  aided  by  his  ^[ood 
management,  a  sufficient  fund  was  nused, 
after  defraying  all  the  expenses  of  the 
school,  to  purchase  some  tenements  near 
the  Church,  on  the  site  of  which  has  re- 
cently been  erected  a  new  Sdiool-house 
In  the  Tudor  style  of  architecture,  which 
has  been  pronounced  by  an  eloquent 
preacher  on  behalf  of  the  charity  to  be 
*'  at  once  a  credit  and  an  ornament  to  the 
parish." 

When  public  sulncriptions  were  re- 
quired either  to  alleviate  the  distresses  of 
toe  poor,  to  evince  a  sense  of  loyalty  to 
his  Sovereign,  or  for  purposes  of  national 
rejoicing,  Mr.  Stevens  was  ever  ready, 
not  only  with  his  purse,  but  with  his  time 
and  services,  either  as  Treasurer  in  re- 
ceiving the  funds,  or  as  a  Member  of  the 
Committees,  in  attending  to  their  proper 
application ;  nor  was  his  private  chanty, 
though  unostentatious,  less  worthy  of  no- 
tice. In  promoting  the  amusements  of 
the  City,  he  also  stood  foremost,  and  was 
for  many  years  the  Treasurer  anid  one  of 
the  Stewuds  of  the  Concerts. 
.  Though  thus  occupied  in  the  dischaiige 
of  civic  duties,  and  in  attention  to  his 
own  business  or  that  of  his  acquaintance, 
monv  of  whom  placed  their  affidrs  in  his 
hands  as  executor  or  trustee,  he  vet  found 
time  for  social  intercourse,  ami  for  de- 
voting  some  hours  daily  to  reading.  In 
bis  commercial  transactions  he  was  dis- 
tinguished for  integrity  and  correctness; 
in  his  home  he  was  an  excellent  luishand 
and  parent,  and  we  may  here  add  that  he 
was  a  kind  and  sincere  triend,  a  loyal  sub- 
ject, and  a  devout  but  unpretending  Chris- 
tian. 

Mr.  Stevens  married  Dec.  22,  1798, 
bis  first  cousin  Anne,  daushter  of  John 
Rocke,  Esq.  Surgeon,  of  Wells,  co.  So- 
iwnet,  by  Hannah,  daughter  of  the  above- 


named  Rev.  William  Pulsford,  and  haa 
left  one  son.  His  remains  were  at  Ida 
own  desire  deposited  in  the  Cloisters  of 
the  Cathedral  Church  of  Sanim,  and 
though  the  funeral  was  conducted  in  the 
most  private  manner,  yet  the  numerooa 
attendance  of  all  classes  evinced  the  hich 
respect  and  esteem  in  which  be  was  hdd. 

Alexandek  Logan,  Esq.  F.S.A. 

July  29l  At  Emms,  from  ossification 
of  the  heart,  aged  44^  Alexander  Logan, 
eso.  F.S.A. 

Mr.  Logan  was  a  native  of  Scotland, 
from  whence  he  removed  to  Laodon 
in  early  life.  His  habits  formed  fron 
infiuicy  were  literary.  He  was  a  good 
botanist,  possessed  considerable  taste  m 
the  fine  arts,  and  could  speak  with  flu- 
ency  the  French,  Grerman,  and  Italian 
languages.  He  had  travelled  extensively 
on  the  Continent,  by  which  he  was  enabled 
to  accumulate  a  great  quantity  of  valuabla 
materials;  for  it  was  hu  practice,  until  • 
diort  time  before  his  death,  to  keep  m 
minute  diary,  and  accurate  account  of  his 
course  of  reading  and  studies.  He  in- 
spected everv  collection  of  art  accessible 
to  view,  and  his  observations  are  ofkan 
interesting  and  valuable.  The  foUowiag 
extract  from  his  Journal,  will  ahow  Ua 
state  of  mind,  and  the  reflectiona  which 
suRl^ted  themselves  on  New  Yeat^  Day, 
1891. 

*<  I  hope  the  period  of  time  whidi  has 
just  expired,  has  not  been  passed  by  me 
altogether  without  some  imfwovemeat, 
both  intellectually  and  morally.  In  bodily 
health  I  have  never  been  one  noBoent, 
throughout  the  whole  of  the  year,  day  nor 
n^ht,  without  the  most  acute  pain  from 
the  disease  under  which  1  suffer.  Am  I 
to  indulge  in  the  <  dream  of  a  man  awake,* 
and  hope  that  the  new  division  of  tiaae 
on  which  we  are  entering,  will  be  more 

Eropitious  ? — that  I  may  recover  again  the 
leasing  of  health?  f  will  once  more 
hope,  under  the  divine  protectioa  of  Him 
who  sees  and  orders  what  is  best  for  ns ; 
and  rely  for  a  happy  issue  to  all  that  ap- 
petrt  unfortunate  to  my  limited  honan 
understanding,  to  His  grace,  through  the 
merits  and  blood  of  our  Lord  and  Saviour, 
Jesus  Christ." 

His  remains  were  interred  in  the  Pro- 
testant church-yard,  where  a  fnend  who 
latelv  visited  the  pUce,  found  the  grave 
neatly  planted  with  flowers  and  ever. 
greens,  according  to  continental  practice. 
Besides  being  a  member  of  the  London 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  he  was  also  a 
member  of  the  Society  of  Antiquariea  of 
Scotland;  the  Highland,  the  Geological, 
Horticultural,  and  Travellers ;  the  And.- 
quartan  and  Ldrauean  of  Normandy,  &c, 


1835.]         OBITDARY.—/29V.  R.  MomsoH,  D.D.  FJt.S. 


435 


8«?md  Articles  from  bis  pen  on  various 
•ttl^eets  liave  appeared  in  different  publi- 
cations, but  he  was  author  of  no  entire 
work  of  any  note.  He  wrote  an  account 
of  a  visit  to  the  Druidical  Camac,  which 
was  published  in  the  *'  Archaeologia.'' 
Tills  essa^  preceded  and  probdily  incited 
the  JBvestiprtors  who  have  since  so  satia- 
ftetorily  ud  laboriously  surveyed  this 
amaang  mooument. 


Rev.  R.  Morbison,  D.D. 

jiHf.  1,  18S1.  At  bis  lodging,  No.  6, 
in  the  Danish  Hong,  at  Canton,  in  China, 
in  his  53d  year,  that  eminent  Chinese 
scholar,  the  Rev.  Robert  Morrison,  D.D. 
F.R.S.  M.R.A.S.  &c.  &c. 

The  fiither  of  Dr.  Morrison,  Mr. 
James  Morrison,  was  bom  in  Perthshire, 
and  when  a  young  man,  removed  into 
Northumberlaind.  In  early  life,  be  ob- 
tained a  livelihood  by  husbandry,  his 
fiuber  (the  grandfiather  of  Dr.  Morrison) 
having  been  also  a  husbandman ;  but, 
towards  the  latter  end  of  bis  Ufe,  Mr* 
James  Morrison  worked  at  a  mechanical 
trade  (that  of  a  last  and  boot-tree  maker), 
•nd  kept  several  workmen  under  him. 
He  was  a  pious  man,  and  was  for  many 
vears  an  elder  of  a  Scots  Church.  He 
Lad  seven  children,  four  sons  and  three 
daughters. 

Robert,  the  youngest  of  the  familv, 
was  born  at  Morpeth,  January  5tb, 
1788.  About  the  year  1785,  his  parents 
removed  to  Newcastle,  where  ne  was 
taught  reading  and  writing  by  his  uncle, 
Mr.  James  Nicholson,  a  respectable 
schoolmaster :  and  at  the  proper  age  be- 
came an  apprentice  to  his  father.  His 
early  education  was  conducted  under  the 
immediate  superintendence  of  his  father, 
beneath  whose  paternal  roof,  both  his 
religious  and  intellectual  character  were 
formed ;  the  former,  by  means  of  cate- 
chetical instructions,  together  with  those 
delivered  from  the  pulpit  by  ministers  of 
the  Scottish  church;  the  latter  by  the 
tuition  of  the  Rev.  W.  Laidler,  minister 
of  the  Presbyterian  meeting-house  in 
Silver-street,  under  whom  Risbert  Mor- 
rison acquired  an  elementary  acquaint- 
ance with  the  Latin,  Greek,  and  Hebrew 
languages,  some  systematic  theology, 
and  the  art  of  writing  short  hand  ;  and 
his  zeal,  as  a  member  of  a  society  for  the 
relief  of  the  friendless  poor,  at  that  time, 
attracted  the  particular  notice  of  his 
friends  and  neighbours. 

In  1802  his  mother  died,  and  on  the 
7th  January,  1803,  he  ^va8  received  as  a 
student  into  the  dissenting  academy  at 
Hoxton,  near  London.  On  the  88th 
IVIay,  1805,  he  placed  himself  under  the 
patronage  of   the    London    Missionary 


Society,  who  sent  him  to  thc^  seminary 
at  Oosport,  to  be  educated  for  that  ser- 
vice, under  the  superintendence  of  the 
Rev.  David  Bogue. 

He  returned  to  London  in  the  summer 
of  1806,  and,  having  chosen  China  as 
the  field  of  his  missionarv  labours,  he,  the 
better  to  qualify  himself  for  them,  ob- 
tained the  assistance,  as  a  preceptor,  of  a 
voung  Chinese,  named  Yong-Sam-Tac, 
by  whose  assistance,  and  wiUi  the  prac- 
tice he  acquired  in  forming  the  Chmese 
character  by  transcribing  a  Chinese  MS. 
of  the  four  Gospels  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum, and  by  copying  part  of  an  old  Chi- 
nese and  Latin  Dictionary,  the  property  of 
the  Royal  Society,  he  made  considerable 
progress  in  quamying  himself  for  bis 
undertaking.  In  addition  to  the  knowL 
ledge  thus  acquired  of  the  Chinese  lan- 
guage, he  had  gained  some  elementary 
acquaintance  with  medicine  and  surgery, 
by  attending  Dr.  Blair's  course  of  lec- 
tures on  medicine,  and  walking  St  Bar. 
tbolomew's  Hospital;  and  some  insight 
into  astronomy,  from  the  instruction  of 
Doctor  Hutton  of  Woolwich,  to  whom 
he  had  been  so  fortunate  as  to  obtain  an 
introduction. 

Thus  qualified,  on  the  8th  January, 
1807,  he  was  formally  set  apart,  or  or- 
dained, according  to  the  practice  of  the 
Church  of  Scotland,  in  the  Scottish 
Church  in  Swallow-street,  to  the  work 
of  a  Christian  missionary  among  the 
Chinese ;  and  on  the  31st,  he  emluirked 
for  China,  vi&  America,  and  landed  at 
Macao  on  the  4th  of  September  1807, 
whence  he  proceeded  to  Canton. 

On  Mr;  Morrison's  arrival  at  that 
place,  he  was  accommodated  with  lodging 
in  the  factory  of  the  American  Agents, 
Messrs.  Milner  and  Bull ;  where  he  con- 
tinued to  prosecute  the  study  of  the 
Chinese  language,  and  assumed  the  Chi- 
nese habiliments;  but  these  he  relin- 
quished, on  discovering  that  his  assump- 
tion of  them  was  displeasing  to  those, 
whom  it  was  his  wish  by  all  legitimate 
means  to  conciliate.  The  first  sixteen 
months  of  his  residence  were  attended  by 
many  privations  and  difficulties;  he  spent 
the  day  with  his  Chinese  teacher,  study- 
ing, eating,  and  sleeping  in  a  room  under 
ground  ;  foregoing  the  pleasures  of  inter- 
course even  with  bis  countrymen,  and 
taking  his  meat  with  the  Chinese  who 
taught  him  the  language. 

About  the  close  of  the  year  1808,  he 
informed  the  Missionary  Society  that  he 
had  completed  a  Grammar  of  the  Chi- 
nese language;  that  bis  Dictionary  of 
the  same  language  was  daily  filling  up, 
and  that  his  MS.  of  the  New  Testament 
was  in  part  fit  to  be  printed;  although  he 


436 


Obituabv.— J2rc.  R.  Morrison,  D.D.  F.RS. 


[April* 


I. 


deferred  sending  it  to  press,  until  he 
«bouM  be  more  det'ply  versed  in  (be 
InuKUURP,  ill  order  tbut  what  sliould  be 
done  rnicht  not  be  hasty  Htu\  ini|H'r(i  i-t. 

On  ibe  20th  Kebrunry  IbMM  he  fn;ir- 
ned  Miss  Mary  Alorton,  a  younj;  lady  of 
eightet-n,  tie  daughter  of  Mr.  John 
Jnorton,  aimtiveof  Dublin,  who  beounie 
0Urgeon-in-chiff  to  the  Royal  Irish  Ar- 
tillery. (Jn  the  day  after  Mr.  Morrisons 
nwrriai^  with  this  lady,  lu*  re<'eived  in- 
foriuHtion  tbat  the  En^t  Indiu  Comp4iny's 
8H  Jim -cargoes,  to  whom  he  hiid  rt'iidt-red 
»0(ne  H-SKistance  in  truns»latii)(:  (tieir  (!bi- 
iMJj-e  corrcftpondeiiee,  hud  re.'^olvcd  to  give 
him  Nil  appointment  uit  their  M^ereiury 
and  iiilerprL-trr.  i^lc  appears  to  huve 
been  considered,  ut  clmc  early  period,  us 
thti  most  expert  ('hini'stt;  scholar  in  the 
faetories.  The  rorre><p<jndfni-e  of  the 
»upra-c«rt;oed  wiib  the  (/hineiie  bud  pre- 
viouiily  been  cnndncCid  in  a  very  circuit- 
ous munner,  and  often  w ith  jfre«t  difliculty, 
by  the  intervention  of  Purtugursc  pa- 
dres,  of  the  College  of  St.  Josicph,  who 
first  rendered  th<!  several  pu|H-rs.  of 
\i-bi(.h  Ohiriese  versions  were  rtijuired, 
into  I<atin,  and  then,  with  the  aid  of 
their  native  aKsistunts,  ijito  ChineM.*. 

Mr.  Morrison,  ns  apitenrs  by  bi«  pub- 
lished correspondence  with  the  Aii»<>ion- 
»ry  Society,  bud  in  view,  wht-n  be  ac- 
cepted n  civil  ernpUiyinent  under  the 
EitJit  India  L'otnpany,  und  in  perfect  con. 
Kistcacv  witli  the  ohlieution»  of  tbe  new 
ofljce  he  bad  undertaken,  to  further  the 
ol>ject  of  S»»  tni-'sion  with  greater  elfect, 
and  probably  with  less  expentic  to  the 
Society,  than  must  necessarily  hiivc  at- 
tended  it  had  he  not  «vaile<l  himself  of 
the  improved  niean^  and  powcrlul  uiil, 
which  socb  an  appointramt  could  not 
but  aflurd  hiaj.  He  bud  sutliriiiilly  ar- 
qiuiinted  hiiui^elf  with  the  pci-nliar  Hm- 
meter  of  the  people  for  who*>e  nioml  und 
spiritual  advantage  he  bad  l>een  bent  to 
China ;  and  knew,  luid  slated  in  hi*,  re- 
porti,  that  the  Chinese  were  not  acevsM. 
ble  by  ordinary  means  ;  that  the  cyuntry 
was.  in  fiu-t,  cinsed  iiKMin»t  itinerant 
forciRners ;  that  "  preachinff  the  (iunpel," 
in  the  usual  seutic  of  tbe  phruKe,  wa*  a 
ihinff  utterly  impOKbible  in  Ctiina.  and 
would  prol><i.b!y  ever  continue  fco;  but 
tluit  tbe  Chinioe  p(K»et»ed  atilerary  rha- 
nctct  superior  to  that  of  any  oihi<r  nation 
in  the  wurld,  4md  that  the  pre**  nii^'ht  be 
made  »  powerful  iment,  oiul  probably 
would  be  found  to  be  the  only  rtrwient 
instrument,  whrrehy  the  utronK-bulda  of 
ra^zniiimn  in  <  be  suct-^-sjiluny 

auailed.     Ai  .  ihe  year  |h||, 

he  rommencia  >>|hi.iih.ii«  with  ihi*  %-4lu- 
luable  auxjluiry,  an4l  printeil,  m  CanfoH, 


in  the  Cfiinew  manner,  from  reoodm  bhck$^ 
an  edition  o/  ihe  .tcti  of  the  ,4pottUi  i» 
Chiiicxr. 

In  the  sarue  rear,  he  forwarded  his 
Grammar  of  tbe  Chinese  hin^>tm(,'e. 
thouf;h  the  committee  of  ^upra.car^oes,  to 
Lord  Minto,  the  Governor.gciHT«l  of 
India,  in  order  to  its  bein^;  prinii-d  at  thi* 
C'alcutta  pre»s ;  but  I  lie  obstacles  to  the 
nccomplishuKiit  of  »uch  a  doi^'u  appear 
to  have  been  so  preat,  tJtut  the  wtjrk  did 
not  iniike  itKappeanince  till  i'  ■  -  f'-IA, 
when  it  issued  from  the  !^>  i  \f- 

hion  ]ires»>,    havin;;  bi-en   pi:  i-  at 

the  East-India  Cotn|>any'»  miIh  rxpcusr, 
from  ty]>e«  »peciaily  prepared  for  it  in 
England. 

In  1812  (Febroary  ?9tb)  his  fcther 
died,  to  whose  eai«e  and  comfort  he  bjai 
most  affectionately  and  liticrally  contii'* 
buted. 

In  1813,  Mr.  Morhson  c-oniideted  am 
e<1itton  in  Chinese  of  the  wlwue  «f  thB 
New  Testament,  of  which  he  forwarded 
a  few  copies  to  Kurope  as  presents  to  hia 
friends;    and   pttriitu'    '  ''      '"Wa 

Society,  the  Loitdon  ty, 

and    the    Aradtmy   .\.     .: ^-'ig« 

impreuions  of  this  Tcslatrtent  have  siimr 
been  printed ;  thev  hear  date  ti»  the 
years  1815.  I8l0.  1821,  and  iKaT?,  and 
were  extensively  cireuluted  in  (.bina. 

He  ut  the  same  time  wrote  and  printed 
a  Catechism  in  Chinese,  with  u  trai't  on 

the    lUictrines  of  Ch"  •' ■'    ''itrb 

Io,(H)t)  i-opiefi  were  [  I  i-d, 

In  April  IKII  Ml  l.w. 

rison,  the  pre«ent  Cliinerc  sccrrtary  to 
the  superintendent's  at  Canton,  Mils  born. 
A  daughter.  Kelx-ccji  Morrison,  bad  been 
l>om  the  year  before,  and  a  son  in  iHll, 
who  died  an  inhmt, 

111  the  year  J8l  j.  it  waa  repre»enU^  TO 
the  Court  of  Directors  that  he  was  pn>- 
secuting  his  translations  of  the  Scriptures 
in  tbe  iiice  (as  it  wa«  erroneously  con- 
ceived) of  an  edict  of  the  Km|>«ror  of 
China,  which  prohibited  the  Cbiiirse, 
from  consultinf^  certuin  C"  r  "  '  •  iks 
prepared  and    puhli«.h<-d    I  iit. 

The   Court,  therefore,   orii ..^;   hli 

•enices  should  be  dt-ipritsed  wiib.  On 
this  occasion,  Dr.  2^li>rriM>n  addre«Ked  a 
letter  to  the  supra-CHrj^oe*,  in  which  he 
vindicated  his  conduct,  by  reraindirvg 
them  that,  in  aceeptiti^  office,  he  had  not 
consented  to  relinqui^.b  his  imfKirtant 
missionary  trui-'  ■  'v-'  '»  '>■■•  •■  >r>i 
suhmittiuff  the 
hi»  |Hiu-eful  ami 
those  of  the  JcsuiU.  it  vvns  in  fart, 
be  observed,  (he  tem|K>rul  ascendancy 
M»»erted  by^  tbe  J'ofv.  and  (daimrd 
for    bim    by    tbe    Jesuitf,    wbirfa    tuut 


I 
I 


1835.] 


Obituary.— J?e».  R.' Morrison,  DJ).  F.RJ3. 


437 


excited  tbe -jealousy  of  the  acute  Chi. 
nese  and  occasioned  tbe  imperial  edict, 
and  not  the  quiet  unobtrusive  dissem- 
ination of  theological  writings  among 
a  highly  literary  people.  These  expla- 
nations were  considered  satisfactory,  and 
his  services  were  retained. 

In  1815,  also,  he  commenced  the  pub- 
lication of  his  Dictionary  of  the  Chinese 
Language.  The  first  number  was  printed 
on  the  29th  Dec.  1815.  This  work  was 
printed  at  a  press  established  expressly  for 
that  purpose  at  Macao.  It  consiste  of  three 
parts  : — the  first  part,  containing  the 
Chinese  and  English,  arranged  according 
to  the  radicals,  fills  three  quarto  volumes 
of  about  900  pages  each,  bearing  date 
1815,  1822,  and  1823.  It  was  by  this 
systematical  arrangement  of  the  elements 
of  the  Chinese  language  that  Morrison 
surmounted  a  difficulty,  which  bad  till 
then  been  found  insuperable  by  Euro- 
peans, in  their  endeavours  to  understand 
the  speech  and  writings  of  the  natives  of 
this  immense  empire.  In  the  advertise- 
ment, dated  April  the  9th,  1822.  which 
appeared  at  the  close  of  the  third  volume, 
the  author  modestly  pleaded  his  nume- 
rous engagements,  as  an  apology  for  the 
time  which  had  been  spent  in  the  prepa- 
ration of  this  Dictionary.  The  second 
part,  which  fills  two  volumes  published 
in  the  years  1819  and  1820,  contains  the 
Chinese  and  English  arranged  alphabcti- 
cally;  the  third  part,  published  in  the 
year  1822,  consists  of  English  words 
with  Chinese  meanings. 

Doctor  Morrison's  Chinese  Dictionary 
is  unquestionably  the  imperishable  monu- 
ment of  his  literary  fume;  it  occupied, 
from  its  commencement  to  its  completion, 
thirteen  years  of  the  prime  of  his  labo- 
rious life.  He  dedicated  it  to  the  Court 
of  Directors  of  the  East-India  Com- 
pany, by  whose  orders  the  Company's 
funds  were  munificently  charged  with  the 
entire  expense  of  its  publiaitinn,  amount- 
ing to  about  12,000/.  The  Court,  also, 
after  having  directed  the  distribution  of 
1(X)  copies,  generously  presented  the 
author  with  the  remainder  of  the  imprcs- 
sioij,  for  circulation  among  his  friends, 
or  for  sale  on  his  own  account. 

After  he  had  completed  his  translation 
of  the  New  Testament,  in  I81.'i,  he  ob- 
tained the  co-o))eration  of  the  llev.  Mr. 
Milne,  who  had  been  sent  to  Malacca  by 
the  London  Missionary  Society,  in  charge 
of  their  missionary  establishment  at  that 
place.  With  this  gentleman,  whose  life  fell 
a  sacrifice  to  the  climate  in  1822,  he  main- 
tained a  constant  and  cordial  friendship, 
and  with  his  assistance  he  completed  a 
(•hinese  version  of  the  books  of  the  Old 
Testamunt  on  the  25th  of   Nov.    1819. 


The  portion  of  this  work  which  was 
translated  by  Mr.  afterwards  Dr.  Milne, 
consists  of  the  book  of  Deuteronomy,  and 
later  historical  books,  and  the  book  of  Job. 
The  translation  and  publication  of  the 
whole  of  the  Old  and  New  Testaments,  in 
nineteen  volumes  octavo,  was  completed 
in  the  year  1819.  Leang-a-fS,  a  native 
Chinese,  who  had  been  converted  to  the 
Christian  faith  by  Dr.  Milne,  assisted  in 
passing  the  work  through  the  press. 
Other  editions  of  this  inestimable  work 
have  been  printed  since  the  year  1819,  at 
the  expense  of  the  British  and  Foreign 
Bible  Society ;  and  Dr.  Morrison  medi- 
tated, and  indeed  had  undertaken,  a  new 
and  revised  edition  of  the  Sacred  Scrip- 
tures in  Chinese,  under  the  patronage  of 
that  Society. 

In  1817,  he  published  a  View  of 
China  for  Philological  Purposes,  in  one 
volume  quarto,  containing  a  sketch  of 
Chinese  chronology,  geography,  govern- 
ment, religion,  and  customs,  designed  for 
the  use  of  persons  who  study  the  Chinese 
language.  This  volume  contains  an  out- 
line of  the  Chinese  dynasties,  with  many 
historical  facts,  of  which  Gutzlaff,  and 
other  more  recent  writers  on  China,  have 
not  failed  abundantly  to  avail  themselves. 

His  Discourses  of  Jesus  were  also  pub- 
lished in  this  year. 

In  the  same  year,  his  extensive  ac- 
quaintance with  tbe  language  and  liten- 
ture  of  China  recommended  him  as  a  fit 

Eerson  to  accompany  Lord  Amherst  on 
is  embassy  to  Pekin.  Mr.  Morrison, 
accordingly,  accompanied  his  lordship,  as 
his  Chinese  interpreter,  and,  among  the 
incidents  of  that  eventful  enterprise,  it 
may  be  worthy  of  record,  that  it  was  to 
him  his  Lordship  was  Indebted  for  the 
knowledge  of  the  fact,  that  the  presc[)ts 
for  his  Celestial  Alajesty  were  for- 
warded on  the  great  canal,  in  barges,  un- 
der flags,  which  imported  that  they  were 
tribute  from  the  King  of  England  to  the 
Emperor  of  China.  Mr.  Morrison  wrote 
a  memoir  of  Lord  Amherst's  embassy, 
which  was  afterwards  published  in  this 
country. 

On  the  24.th  December  1817,  the  Se- 
natus  Academicus  of  the  University  of 
(xlasgow,  unanimously  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  in 
token  of  their  approbation  of  his  philo- 
logical labours. 

In  1818,  Dr.  Morrison  executed  a  pro- 
ject, which  he  had  long  had  in  contem- 
plation— ^the  establishment  of  an  Anglo- 
Chinese  College  at  Malacca,  in  which 
the  languages  and  literature  of  the  two 
countries  should  be  interchangeably  com- 
municated, chieHy  with  a  view  to  the 
final  object  of  his  mission,  the  introduc- 


438 


OuTQABT.— Jl<v.  R,  MorriMm,  D.D.  F.R^. 


[April, 


tkm  of  the  CbrbdanreUgjon  into  Chinft. 
Tke  hondoa    Mianooaiy    Sodetj  kad 

riiooAj  obtained  »  pant  of  ground, 
the  erection  of  a  minion  iHnue ;  and 
on  a  part  of  this  gioand,  with  aome 
additional  Und,  which  he  obtained  hf 
pmthaae,  he  caused  his  eoXiege  to  be 
erected.  Towards  the  foandati<Hi  of  this 
oonege  he  gare  1,000/.  with  an  endow- 
ment of  100/.  per  annum  for  five  yean; 
and  obtained  the  further  reqmsite  pecu- 
niary aid  from  his  Mends  in  JBurope  and 
Ana.  The  fonndatioD'Stone  wasuudon 
the  nth  Not.  1818.  br  Lieut..Col. 
William  Farquhar,  with  the  concurrence 
of  the  Dutch  authoritiea,  to  whom  the 
aeCdement  was  then  on  the  ere  of  being 
restored.  Dr.  Morrison  made  other  pe^ 
cmiiary  grants  towards  the  support  of  tUs 
institution,  and,  till  bis  death,  was  its  most 
powerful  tatd  eAdent  patron,  in  obtaining 
the  means  of  its  support  by  voluntary 
contributions.  He  also  drew  up,  for  die 
better  management  of  the  college,  a  code 
of  laws,  by  which  it  continues  to  be 
noulated,  on  Christian  principles. 

Dr.  Morriaoo  visited  this  college  in 
the  year  1888,  and  during  his  stay,  en- 
tOTBQ  into  arrangements  for  forming  a 
new  institution  at  Singapore,  in  con- 
nection with  that  at  MaUcca.  The  pro. 
ject  was  discussed  and  adopted  at  a  public 
meetii^,  held  at  Singuiore,  on  the  1st  of 
April  1883,  at  which  Sir  Stamford  Baf- 
fles preuded;  who  appropriated  for  this 
catiUishment  100  acres  of  waste  land, 
the  property  of  the  g[Ovemment,  and  aa. 
agned  to  Dr.  Momson  fifty  acres,  on 
wiich  to  erect  a  private  residence  for  hinu 
■df,  whenever  ne  should  reside  for  a 
•eason  at  Singapore.  The  erection  of 
this  collie,  towards  which  Dr.  Morrison 
obtained  private  subscriptions  to  a  con- 
ridersble  amount;  and  himself  gave  1,0001. 
coDBenced  on  an  extensive  Male,  on  the 
4di  of  August  1883 ;  but  the  return  to 
Eanme  of  that  distinguished  statesman. 
Sir  ».  Raffles,  shortiy  afterwards,  co- 
opoating  with  other  causes,  deferred  the 
esecvtion  of  the  design,  wldch  it  is  now, 
we  understand,  intended  should  be  pros»> 
ooted  in  honour  of  the  memory  of  its 
munificent  projector. 

Dr.  Morrison  having  lost  his  wife  in 
1881,  reviated  his  native  country,  whither 
histwochildren  had  preceded  him,  in  1884; 
and  was  received  with  marked  atten. 
tion  in  the  several  religions,  lit«ary, 
and  scientific  circles  in  En^and  and 
Scotland,  in  which  he  made  ms  appear- 
ance; and  not  less  so  in  the  French  me- 
trop(^  where  he  spent  part  of  the  sum. 
mer  of  1884  He  had  also  the  honour, 
4aring  his  residence  in  England,  to  be 
«proUed  a  member  of  the  R<^  Society; 


and  was  presented,  as  one  of  the  most 
emiiient  Chinese  schohra  of  the  age,  bjf 
the  President  of  the  Board  of  Control, 
to  the  King  at  his  levee,  to  whom  he 
presented  a  complete  copy  of  the  Sacred 
Scriptures  in  the  Chinese  hmguage,  toge> 
ther  with  some  other  productions  of  the 
Chinese  press.  He  brouj^t  with  him  to 
England  his  Chinese  library,  consisting 
of  several  thouoand  volumes  in  every  de- 
partment of  liteimture,  lu^i^  to  promote 
by  the  means  of  it  the  stodv  of  the  lan- 
guage. For  this  puipose,  he  projected, 
and  with  the  aid  of  niends  in  England 
founded,  aa  institution,  in  Bartiett's- 
boiUings,  Holbom,  which  he  called  the 
Langoage  Institution.  Its  plan  was  sim- 
pie,  unenensive,  and  catiioUc^  it  being 
declined  by  the  pngector,  for  an  oljeet 
so  aiinpie  and  easu^  defined,  the  stady  of 
hi^uage,  as  to  entitle  it  to  the  waf^ott 
of  persons  of  all  religious  denoannation^ 
who  were  favourable  to  missaona  to  the 
heathen.  It  was,  of  course,  open  to  oJK 
missionaries, — both  to  returned  mission- 
aries, as  instructors  of  thdr  yonnger  bre- 
thren, and  to  those  who  wished  to  qualify 
themselves  tor  future  hbours.  Thus 
constituted,  it  prospered  under  his  per- 
sonal superintendence,  and  several  nds*. 
sionaries,  now  in  the  East,  owe  to  k 
their  earliest  acquaintance  with  the  lan- 
guages of  the  countries  where  they  la- 
bour ;  but  after  it  had  ceased  to  enjoy  his 
personal  presence  and  direction,  it  de- 
dined,  and,  in  about  two  years  from  that 
date,  was  discontinued:  a  fut  which 
called  forth,  on  his  part,  expnHriona  of 
the  sincerest  regret. 

He  also  donng  his  residence  in  Eaf- 
land  published  a  thin  quarto  volume,  en- 
titled "  The  Chinese  Miscdkny,-  eon. 
sisting  of  original  extracts  from  Chinese 
authors,  in  the  native  character;  with 
tnmshtions  and  philological  remarks,  la 
the  publication  of  this  work,  he  had  i«> 
course  to  lithography,  aa  art  whieh  he 
subseqoentiy  descnbed  as  peenliariy  wdl 
adapted  to  the  multiplication  of  copies  of 
pages  written  in  the  Chinese  duuacter, 
and  which  for  that  reason  he  has  intro> 
dueed  into  China. 

In  1884»  Doetar  Morrison  married 
Miss  Eliza  Armstrong,  eldest  davf^hter 
of  Martin  Crofton  Armstrong,  esq. 
late  of  CO.  Leitrim;  and  in  the  year 
1886  he  returned  to  China,  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Court  of  Directors  of 
the  East- India  Company;  accompanied 
by  his  wife,  an  inbnt  son,  the  fmit  of 
their  union,  and  his  two  elder  diildren. 
After  his  return  to  China  he  had  four 
children  bom  at  Macao,  making  seven  in 
all;  but  in  1833  the  extremely  deUeate 
state  of  Mrs.  Motrison's  health  caused 


1835.] 


Obituabt — Rev.  R.  Morritou^  D.D,  FJL8, 


439 


her  and  the  children  to  return  to  £Dg- 
bmd. 

The  services  of  Dr.  Morrison  to  the 
Eut- India  Company  are  admitted  to 
hare  been,  on  some  occasions,  of  im< 
nense  Talue.  He  was  more  than  once 
called  into  council  at  Canton,  on  renr 
trying  occasions;  and  whenever  his  uim 
vice  was  followed,  it  proved  beneficial  to  the 
Company's  interests.  In  the  Lintin  affair 
in  1881  be  was  the  only  person  at  the  fac- 
tory  capable  of  opposing  aivument  to  the 
claims  of  the  Chinese,  and  he  did  so  with 
success.  In  public  transactions,  as  in 
fuivate,  he  was  the  Christian  ;  effectintr 
^  greatest  objects  by  conciliation ;  and 
there  is  good  reason  to  believe  that,  had 
his  advice  been  followed,  on  some  occa- 
sions when  it  was  disregarded,  consider- 
able inconvenience  and  loss  of  property 
would  have  been  avoided.  There  are 
now  but  few  among  the  Company's  ser- 
vants,  ibrmerly  on  the  Canton  establish, 
ment,  who  were  not  indebted  to  him  for 
their  acquaintance  with  the  language  of 
China ;  indeed,  this  particular  branch  of 
his  du^  (teaching  the  junior  servants  the 
language}^  is  understood  to  have  been 
that  for  which  the  Court  of  Directors 
consented,  temporarily,  to  his  drawing 
those  allowances  from  the  Company's 
treasury,  which  he  continued  to  receive, 
and  latterly  under  a  more  formal  recogni- 
tion from  the  Court,  until  within  a  few 
days  of  his  decease. 

On  the  part  of  the  Companybe  conducted 
a  very  extensive  correspondence  with  the 
Chinese  in  the  written  character,  which 
he  wrote  with  the  ease  and  rapidity  of  a 
native.  He  was  the  first  European  who 
prepared  documents  in  that  langtiage  which 
the  native  authorities  would  consent  to  re- 
ceive :  and  the  first  document  so  prepared 
by  bim,  and  presented,  was  supposed  to 
have  been  the  production  of  a  learned 
native,  and  means  were  employed  to  dis- 
cover its  author,  in  order  to  visit  upon 
him  the  vengeance  of  the  Chinese  law, 
for  an  act  regarded  as  treason,  the  exer- 
tion of  such  talents  in  the  service  of 
foreigners.  This  inquiry  fully  esta- 
blished Morrison's  character  for  Chinese 
scbolarKhip;  a  character  confirmed  by 
the  opinion  of  Sir  George  Staunton,  who 
pronounced  him  to  be  ''  confessedly  the 
fimt  Chiiieiie  scholar  in  Europe,"  and  by 
other  concurrent  testimonies  of  unques- 
tionHble  authority. 

On  the  arrival  of  Lord  Nupier  at  Ma- 
cao, with  his  Majesty's  commission,  con. 
stituting  the  new  arrangement  for  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  British  affairs  in 
China,  he  found  Dr.  Morrison  there; 
and,  in  pursuance  of  instructions  received 
from    our   government,   appointed   him 


Chinese  secretary  and  interpreter  to  the 
commission.  To  the  sealous  dischai;|[a 
of  the  duties  of  this  appointment  hu 
life  fell  a  sacrifice.  HehaoDeen,  for  aomfl 
time  previous,  in  a  state  of  dedioiiig 
health,  and  was  suffering  under  an  affec- 
tion  of  the  liver,  the  symptoms  of  wbidi 
had  been  considerably  aggravated  1^  the 
excessive  heat  of  the  weather.  In  thii 
state  it  was  considered  necessary  for  him 
to  accompany  Lord  N^iier  on  the  84th 
of  July  last,  from  Macao  to  Cantons 
where  he  did  not  arrive  till  the  momiaf 
of  the  25th,  having  been  exposed  during 
the  night,  in  an  open  boat  on  the  Canton 
river,  to  very  boisterouaand  rainy  weaker. 
His  illness  was  greatly  increased  in  con. 
sequence;  but  his  friends  were  not 
alarmed  for  his  life  until  within  an  hour 
of  the  time  when  it  became  extinct. 
He  expired  in  the  arms  of  his  eldest  son. 
On  the  following  day,  the  8d  of  Aiwos^ 
his  remains  were  carried  by  water  toMa. 
cao.  They  were  followed,  from  his  real, 
denee  to  the  river  side,  by  Lord  Na- 
pier and  all  the  Europeans,  Americans, 
and  Asiatic  British  subjects  then  in 
Canton.  On  the  5th  of  the  same  montb 
they  were  deposited  with  those  of  his 
first  wife  and  one  of  his  children,  in  the 
private  Protestant  burial  ground  at  Ma^ 
cao,  and  were  attended  to  the  ground  by 
abcHit  forty  of  the  most  respectable  inha- 
Intants  of  that  settlement ;  the  Rev.  E. 
Stevens  officiating  on  that  occasion. 

The  magnitude  of  the  loss  which  tlw 
literary  world  has  sustained  by  the  remo- 
val of  this  distinguished  scholar,  is  per. 
haps  most  correcUy  estimated  nearer  to 
the  scene  of  his  active,  laborious,  and 
useful  life.  There  it  has  been  apprect- 
Bted  and  expressed,  not  in  strains  of  un- 
merited eulogy,  but  in  acknowledgments 
as  unanswerable  as  thev  are  emphatic. 
I*  Countless  millions  of  toe  human  race," 
it  has  been  observed,  **  may  have  to  r8>. 
joice  in  the  effects  of  his  toils:  and, 
hereafter,  when  the  attainment  of  the 
Chinese  language  shall  have  become  aa 
easy  task,  and  a  succession  of  Chinese 
scholars  shall  have  risen  to  profess  it,  it 
will  still  be  to  him  that  they  are  in- 
debted for  the  means  whereby  they  have 
acquired  it ;  and  long,  very  long,  will  it 
be  before  there  shall  be  found  among 
them  one,  whose  knowledge  of  China 
and  of  Chinese  literutiire,  shall  be  aa 
extensive  and  solid  as  his;  one,  whose 
mind  shall  have  been  as  thoroughly  satu- 
rated with  Chinese  lore ;"  to  which  might 
have  been  added,  "  and  one,  whose  un- 
feigned piety,  and  domestic  and  social 
virtues,  were  as  conspicuous  and  as  indis- 
putable as  were  those  of  the  late  estim- 
able and  lamented  Dr.  Robert  Morrison." 


440  Obituabv. — Rev.  Dr.  Morrison. — Clergy  Deceased.        [April, 

From  his  first  ap|>eBnince  in  Chum,  he 

se«ms  to   have  availed    himself  of    that 

tuost  iin])c>rtant  means  of  urquiiinting  the 

heathen  with  one  of  the  elementary  prin- 
ciples  of   divine    revelation — the   obser- 

vunre  of  the  Sabbntb-day,     As  a  serviint 

of  the   Company,  be  bud  only  ]odgin/;r9 

at  Canton,  where  he  spent  the  portion  of 

the  year  devoted  to  tnide.  and  a  house  at 

Alacao,  where  he  resided  generally  for  the 

htr^'cr  half  of  the  yctir :  both  these  resi- 
dences were  used  by  him  as  chapel)!,  in 

which   he    performed   reliffioua   worship, 

aiid  ut   Macao  he   preiiehed  usually  four 

times  in  the  day,  twice  in  fclnglish  to  such 

of  his  coimtrymen  »»  would  attend,  and 

twice  in  Chinese  to  his  Chinese  ser>'ants 

&nd  others.     The  effect  of  his  Chinese 

«ermuns  apfiears  to  have  been  the  con- 
version of  a  few  natives  of  the  empire  to 

Cbrisnanity.  who  have  been  at  different 

j>muds  haptisi'd  by  him  into  the  Chria- 

tiuii  failh;  and,  inclusive  of  Leanp-u.f4, 

five  of  them   have  been  destined   to  the 

missionary  service.    Ht'  also  kept  a  school 

for    Chinese   children    in   hii>   houiie   at 

Macao,   employing    Chinese    preceptors, 

ind  ^ving  the  parents  prescnb*  to  induce 

them  to  Semi  their  children. 

In  IH'iiJ  he  lent  his  jiovverful  aid  to  the 
cbjert*  of  the   Temf>emncf   Socierj-,  and 

patronised  a  ten  and  coffee  shop  in  Can. 

ton,  to  which  the  British  siailors  in  the 

port  were  by  public  advertisement  invited 

to  resort,  in  jireference  to  those  bouses 

where  ardent  spirits  were  sold,  and  used 

much  to  the  prejudice  of  the  morals  of 

those  wlto  partook  of  them. 

Ill  the  same  year,  he  opened  the  float- 
ing chapel  at  Whamiiou,  which  bad  been 
fitted  up  chiefly  by  the  ciiertiomi  of  the 

Americans  who  frequented  the  port. 

His  engigemenu  through  hie  had  been 
•uch  OS  to  imbire  a  habit  of  economizing 
time,  an<I  to  prevent  much  of  that  inter- 
course with  society  which  he  would 
other\vise  have  enjoyed.  When  in  com- 
pany, hia  address  was  mild  and  gentle- 
manly; but  bis  desire  that  ail  his  inter- 
courses should  tend  to  ntetitnl  improve- 
ment,  manit'egred  itscll  in  un  utter  disin- 
dinalion  to  join  in  frivolities,  and  when 
Conver<iitiun  appeared  to  take  that  turn, 
he  usiiallv  availed  himself  of  the  earliest 
•pportunily  of  withdrawing  from  it. 
1* rom  his  unn  family,  and  amori^  bis 
[children,  he  dorive.l  the  preatest  deh^^'ht: 
[with  thrin  he  was  phiyful  us  a  child,  and 
entbmci'd  every  ocention  to  instruct  and 
to  c[iJari;e  the  spbcre  of  llu'ir  informa- 
tion. They  were  his  ctnnpauions  and 
his  eorre*po!idrnt"  I'ven  at  the  very  ear- 
II  ■         r.y  wrrr*  ca}>aDie  of 

I  (itMchmcnt  to  him 

W"-  ,i-','- ■■■•  •■.•i*.nl. 

13 


There  is  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Morrison, 
from  a  paititing  made  by  Chtnnery,  at  the 
request  and  expense  of  the  Company's 
servants  and  others  at  the  liictory,  whicli 
gives  a  very  correct  representation  of  his 
pel-son.  His  countenance  was  gri%'e  and 
benevolent,  with  a  quick,  full  eye,  and  an 
abujirlnnce  of  dark.culoured  hair  sur- 
rounding it. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  publication* 
by  Dr.  Morrison,  which  have  not  been 
particularly  noticed  in  the  foregoing 
memoir: 

1.  A  Tract,  printed  in  China,  in  Chi. 
nese,  entitled  *'  A  Voyage  round  ibe 
World,  illustrative  of  the  Maimers  and 
Religious  Opinions  of  CbrisUnus." 

2.  A  translation  into  Chinese  of  "the 
Morning  and  Evening  Prayers  of  the 
English  (Ihurch ;  with  the  Psdter, 
divided  into  portions  to  be  read  daily." 

3.  A  tranKlrttiiin  into  C.-hinese  of  the 
two  Krst  Homilies  of  the  English 
Church. 

4-.  Introduction  to  the  reading  of  the 
sacred  Scriptures,  in  Chinese,  with  cnn>- 
nological,  historical,  and  literary  nutires, 
and  a  system  of  reference  to  bouka» 
chapters,  and  verses. 

5.  Epitome  of  Church  History  aod 
Prophecy. 

6.  The  Devotional  Timcfl,  Fonnst 
&c.  of  the  Protestant  Church. 

7.  Aids  tu  Devotion,  taken  fiom  the 
English  Liturgy. 

b.  Prayers  and  Hymns,  in  Clune»e, 
1833. 

!>.  A  work  on  the  First  Epistle  of  St. 
Peter. 

(0.  Dialogues  and  Dctnebed  Sen- 
tences in  the  Chinese  Lnttg^iMige;  with 
free  and  verbal  translations. 

1  i.  China;  a  Diulogtic  for  the  Use  of 
Schools. 

]i.   Hints  on  Missions. 

\3.  Religious  Tnicu,  addressed  to 
Suitors. 

1+.  A  Sermon  prearhcil  at  Whampoa, 
1K13:  printed  in  London. 

13.  A  Volume  of  laennons  in  Eng. 
Ush. 

16.  Domestic  Instructions  iu  CUns<ici, 
in  four  voluiucx.  X.  f  ^ 

CLERGY  DECEASED.         . 

At  the   reeling  of    Tempk'norr.  co. 

Tippcrary,  the  Rev.  //..VmulrtNw. Curate 

of  riiurlrs 

In    thi-    .Noith   Railey.    DurfaMD, 
7K  the  Rev.    Thamat  /ionll"r     f'"""- 
Curate  of  Paiimluiw.   Durlii\ 
cho;>fl    he  mws  t'r'*'^"t<H!   in  |  , 
I>  on  Ic  SprifiL.      1,. 

"■  ''ge,    L4»mbnl;.L.    li 

1. >r.  .<,,. ,, .  1  ,,^; 


fe 


At  fladingley.  Yorkshire,  afred  53, 
tbe  Kev.Jmtph  OuJtbxf,  Perpetual  Curate 
of  Holbeck,  in  the  parish  of  Leeds.  He 
wmsof  AlA^daJencotl.  Camb.  B.A.lSOk 
M.A.  1814;  and  waa  appointed  to  HoU 
beck  in  1815. 

Aged  81,  tbe  Rev.  Jamet  Coakson,  fur 
tixty  years  Rector  of  C^lmorc,  Ham  p. 
■bire.  and  a  ma^xtrate  fur  that  county. 
He  wai  iiiatituted  to  Colmore  in  1775, 
GO  bi*  own  petition. 

At  Carlisle,  aged  77,  the  Rev.  John 
Jhigliiuon,  formerly  Curate  of  Cattle 
Sowerby. 

Aged  58,  tbe  Rev.  Chark*  Eade,  Per- 
petual  CuFHte  of  Metfield,  Suffolk.  He 
was  of  Sidney  Sussex  coll.  Camb.  B.A. 
1799;  hia  curacy  is  in  the  nomination  of 
tbeparisbioners . 

Tbe  Rev.  John  Eadet,  Rector  of  Ab- 
bot'a  Morton,  Worcestemhire,  to  which 
be  waa  presented  in  1796  by  T.  B. 
Eadea,  gent. 

At  Henllyit,  near  Brecon,  a^ed  89,  the 
Rev.  Samurl  Evant,  for  upwurds  of  50 
yearn  Perpetual  Curate  of  Llajidew  and 
Oartbbrengy,  Brerkiiocksbire.  He  %vas 
preaented  to  tbe  latter  church  in  17^  by 
tbe  Prebendury  of  Gartbbreogy,  in  the 
cburch  of  Brecon,  and  to  the  former  in 
1816,  by  C.  Mann  Comwallis,  esq. 

The  Rev.  Edward  Hamlnj,  Rector  of 
Stanton  St.  John,  Oxfordshire,  and  of 
Cusop,  Here  fords  hi  re.  He  wa.s  formerly 
a  Fellow  of  New  college,  Oxford,  where 
be  took  the  degree  of  B.  C.  L.  in  1791, 
was  presented  to  Cusop  in  1803  by  ibe 
£url  of  Oxford,  and  to  Stanton  in  1806  by 
New  College. 

Aged  73,  the  Rev.  Charlei  Botterell 
Havkin*,  Vicar  of  Lewknor,  Oxfordshire. 
He  was  formerly  Fellow  of  All  Souls' 
college,  when?  he  took  the  degree  of 
B.C.L.  in  1784,  and  was  presented  to  bis 
living  by  that  society  in  1 794. 

The  Rev.  Jofm  Uufthti,  Rector  of 
Llansaintfraid  Glyndytrdwy,  near  Cor- 
wn,  ca  Merioneth,  to  which  he  was  col- 
lated in  181 1,  by  Dr.  Cleaver,  then  Bishop 
of  St.  Asaph. 

The  Rev.  F.  Pant,  Rector  of  Cruwya 
Morobard,  co.  Devon,  to  which  be  was 
preaented  in  1601^  by  B.  Wood,  esq. 

At  Egham,  aged  98,  the  Rev.  Thomat 
Jtani,  D.D.  for  50  years  Rector  of  Witcli- 
ingham,  Norfolk,  and  Vicar  of  St.  John, 
lHjaddermarket,  in  Norwich ;  (be  senior 
Burgets  of  the  (>)q>oration  of  Christ- 
church.  He  was  formerly  Follow  of  New 
col''ge,  Oxford,  where  he  graduated 
M.A.  in  1776,  ond  was  presented  to  both 
bis  churches  by  that  society,  in  t78<l 

The  Rev.  Henry  LoHgunUle  Mantel, 
Rector  of  Cosgnive,  Northamptonshire, 
and  for  many  years  un  Jietive   Magistrate 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  111. 


in  the  counties  of  Northampton  and 
Buckingham  ;  younger  brother  to  Major 
Alansel,  of  (^o&grave,  and  to  Admiral 
Robert  Manse] .  He  was  the  6th  and 
youngest  son  of  Major- Gcneml  John 
Mansel  (who  was  sluin  at  Coteau,  in 
179+)  by  Mary- Anne,  sister  and  hciresa 
to  Robert  Buggin,  of  Cosgrave,  esq. ; 
he  was  of  Trin.  coll.  Camb.  B  A.  1606, 
M.A.  1809,  and  was  presented  to  (he 
rectory  of  Cosgrave  in  18I0,  by  hia 
eldest  brother.  He  married,  in  1815^ 
Maria- Margaret,  daughter  of  Vice- Ad- 
miral Sir  Robert  Moorsom,  KC.B.  who 
is  left  a  widow,  with  two  sons,  and  live 
daughterii. 

At  his  brother's  lodgings  in  Manches- 
ter,the  Rev.yuAn  Afar*Ao7,  B.  A.  Curate 
of  Sidbury,  Siitop,  and  iute  Curate  of 
Oldbury,  near  Bridgenorib,  the  eldest  son 
of  Thomns  Marshall,  esq.  of  Thorpe,  near 
Huddcrstield. 

The  Kev,  Jottu  WigUy  Perrott,  young- 
est son  of  the  late  George  Perrott,  esq.  of 
Cracombe. 

Aged  72,  the  Rev.  Jotrph  Stordtf, 
Rector  of  Kirkhampton,  Cumberbiiid.  to 
which  rhuich  he  was  presented  in  1809, 
by  the  Earl  of  Lonsdale. 

A^d  44s  the  Rev.  />.  Tait,  M.A.  of 
Ipswieb,  schoolmaster,  sometime  Curate 
of  Wattiitfiekl. 

At  Sandford,  Oxfordshire,  aged  72, 
the  Rev.   Hllliam   Tfwrp,   Vicar  of  that 

Sirish.     He  was  of  Trin.  coll.  Oxford, 
I. A.   1785,  and  wm  presented  to  hia 
living  in  1807,  by  Joseph  Taylor,  esq. 

Dee.  7.  At  Isleworth  House,  Mid- 
dlesex, aged  OS.  the  Rev.  Sir  nuiiam 
Henry  Cooper,  4th  Bart,  of  Gorgar,  N.B. 
He  was  tbe  eldest  son  of  the  Rt.  Hon. 
Sir  Grey  Cooper,  the  (bird  Bart,  by  bi» 
second  wife.  Miss  Kennedy  of  Newcastle. 
He  succeeded  his  father  in  1801  ;  and 
married  in  1787,  Lsabella-BelJ,  only 
daughter  of  Moses  Franks,  esq.  of  Ted- 
dington,  Middlesex,  by  whom  he  has 
left  issue,  Sir  William  Henry  Cooper,  bis 
fiuceesBor,  Iwjm  in  1788,  and  married  in 
1827,  Anne,  eldest  daughter  of  C  K.  K. 
Tynte,  esq.  M  P.  ;  and  two  daughters, 
Mary- Anne,  married  in  18(>S,  to  Sir  J.  C. 
Honywood,  Biirt.  and  Eliuibcth,  married 
in  1818,  to  G.  A.  F.  Dawkins,  esq.  who 
died  in  1821,  without  issue. 

Jan.^  In  Trinidad,  aged  76,  tbe  Rev, 
John  Henry  Clapluim,  for  many  yean 
Rector  of  Port  of  Spain,  in  that  island; 
and  Rector  of  Isiield,  Su^sex,  to  which 
be  was  collated  by  Abp.  Moore  in  175)2. 
Feb.  6.  At  Cutworth,  Huntingdonshire, 
aged  8.3,  the  Rev.  Thoma$  Evanton,  Rec- 
tor of  that  pnriiih.  He  was  formerly  Fel- 
low of  Brazenose  college,  Oxford,  Avbere 
be  attained  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1771, 
3  L 


I 


Obituaby^— C2ny5  Deceased. 


o«  of  LaUington,  and  •  Prebendary  of 
Chicfaeater.  He  was  of  St.  John's  colh 
Camb.  B.A.  1779^  M.A.  1782;  was  pre* 
sented  to  Wilmington  in  1780  br  Liord 
George  Cavendish;  to  Ashurat  m  1806 
by  the  Duke  of  Dorset;  was  cdlated  to 
the  prebend  of  Fitdeworth  in  the  same 


442  UBiTUABY^—OMry^  Decetued.  [Aptil, 

and  bj  which  society  he  was  presented  to 
Catworthinl788. 

fib.  7.  At  at  advanced  a^  the  ReW 
Henry  CoUt,  Rector  of  Bedhngton,  Mot- 
thuQiberland,  to  which  he  was  presented 
in  1788  by  the  Dean  and  Chapter  of  Dur- 
ham. 

Feb.U.  Aged  88,  the  Rer.  G«r^  yw  by  Bp.  Buckner,  and  to  the  WcaraRii 
Stfjmey  TovnUy,  Rector  of  St.  Stephen's,  of  Lollington  in  1805  by  the  same  oreiatei. 
Wslbrook,  and  Vicar  of  Great  Totfaam.  AArdha  At  SearbOToiigfa,  aged  64  tte 
Essex.  He  was  educated  at  Merchant-  Rev.  Lmurmee  Short,  Rector  of  AtdH^eit 
taylors'  school,  thence  elected  a  Proba-  Derbyshire.  He  was  of  St.  John's  coll 
tionarv  Fellow  of  St  John's  college.  Ox-  Camb.  B.A.  1790;  and  was  instituted 
ford,  in  1766,  and  graduated  B.A.  1770,     to  Ashover  in  1797.  "wuturea 

M.A.  1774:  he  was  pretentedto  Great  March  15.  At  Scotdi  Grove.  Bucks. 
Totham  in  1777  by  W.  P.  Honf»o«»d,  a»d  38,  the  Rev.  Itatert  Btrrick,  M.£ 
esq.;  andtohisntyhvinginl784bytbe  Fellow  of  Queen's  eoUege,  Cambii^r^ 
Grocers'  Company.  He  was  a  son  of  tbe  late  Tbomas  bLv 

Fib.  15.     Aged  38,  the  Rev.  Henry    "^ ^  *«««  Jaar^ 

Jcftn  Lewis,  M.A.  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's, 
Worcester,  Chaplain  of  St.  Oswald's 
hospital,  and  a  Minor  Canon  of  the  ea- 
thearal.  He  was  of  Worcester  college, 
Oxford:  and  was  presented  to  St.  Pe- 
ter's, Worcester,  by  the  Dean  and  Chap- 
ter, in  1831. 

Feb.  20.  Aged  32,  the  Rev.  BeHjanUm 
fieath  Dntry,  Vicar  of  Tngby,  Leicester- 
shire. He  was  one  of  the  sons  of  the 
late  Joseph  Drury,  D.D.  Head  Master  of 
Harrow,  the  subject  of  the  memoir  in 
our  March  number,  pp.  246u-Sd0.  Mr. 
Benjamin  Drui^  was  a  Fellow  of  King's 
college,  Cambridge,  where  be  graduated 
B.A.  1805,  AI.A.  ]80a  He  \n»  for. 
merly  one  of  the  Masters  of  Eton  col- 
lege, and  was  presented  to  Tugby  in  1816 
by  Lord  Chancellor  Eldon. 

Feb.'2^  At  Wappenham,  Northamp- 
tonshire, aged  54i,  the  Rev.  Thomas 
Scott,  Rector  of  that  parish,  and  late, 
for  27  years  Perpetual  Curate  of  Gaw- 
eott,  ,near  Buckingham.  He  was  the 
last  surviving  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Scott,  Rector  of  Aston  Sand- 
ford,  the  celebrated  author  of  the  Com- 
mentary on  the  Bible.  He  was  of 
Queen's  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1805^  M.A. 
1809;  was  appointed  to  Gawcott  by 
trustees;  and  presented  to  Wappenham 
in  1832  by  the  present  Bishop  of  Lincoln. 
He  has  left  a  widow  and  nine  children. 

Feb.  28  At  Pimlico,  aged  70,  the 
Rev.  Cftarles  SUman,  LL.O.  He  was  of 
Magdalen  boll,  Oxford,  B.C.I4.  170& 

Fib.  29.  At  tbe  house  of  his  brother, 
at  Rottingdean,  near  Brighton,  the  Rev. 
Thomas  HuUhins,  M.A.  Chaplain  of 
Christ  church,  Oxford,  youncest  son  of 
the  late  Rev.  James  Hutciuns,  M.  A. 
Rector  of  Telscombe,  Sussex. 

Mar.  2.  In  Southampton-row,  Blooms- 
bury,  in  his  82d  year,  the  Rev.  James 
Capper,  for  fifty-five  years  Vicar  of  Wil- 
mii^on,  Sussex,  Rector  of  Ashurst,  Vi- 


rick,  esq.  of  Whid>y;  and  was  the  20tli 
WnngleT  of  the  year  1885. 

March  aa  The  R«v.  Rtekard  TWIsr, 
Vicar  of  Eaat  Orinstead,  Sussex.  H* 
??**  I  "■  ^^^  Camh.  B  A.  1797, 
M.A.  1800;  and  was  instituted  to  East 
OnnsteadinlSll. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITY. 

\ov.  6.  In  l^ton  crescent,  aged  CO, 
Benjamin  Benyon,  esq.  formei^  M.P. 
for  Stafford. 

Det.  7.  Aged  38,  tbe  Hon.  Sency. 
Geoige-Frands  Moreton,  M-P.  for  East 
Glouccstenhiie ;  eldest  son  of  Lord 
Ducie.  He  was  first  retvmed  to  Parlia- 
ment  at  the  general  deetion  of  1831,  on 
tbe  Reform  interest,  and  redMMea  in 
1832.  He  married  in  1686  the  Hon. 
Eliabeth  Dutton.  eldest  dan.  of  Lord 
Sherborne,  and  has  left  her  a  widow,  with 
a  son,  now  heir  apparent  to  bis  grand- 
fiither,  bom  in  1889. 

Dee.  7.  Aged  66^  retired  Cemmander 
TwDp,  R.  N. 

Retired  Commander  James  Wataoo. 

Dee.2\.  LJeut  Dover  Fanaat,  Royal 
Marine  Art  of  H.M.S.  Excellent 

Dee.  25.  Lieut  F.  De  Butts,  R.N.  8d 
son  of  Mqor-Gen.  De  Butts,  R.E. 

Latdy.  Spagnoletti,  tbe  veteran  leader 
of  the  orchestra  at  tbe  King'a  Theatre. 

FIA.  2.  At  Camden-town,  Frederick 
Walshe  Drennan,  cm.  author  of  some 
touching  poetry  in  difl^rent  periodicals. 

FIA.  7.  In  Wakefield-st.  Rc«ent-aq. 
aged  38»  Ann,  second  dau.  of  the  late 
Stephen  Isaacson,  esq.  of  Fordham,  C^. 
bridgeshire. 

Fib.  12.  At  tbe  bouse  of  Allan  Cun- 
ningham, esq.  Lower  Belgrave-place^  Mr. 
William  Walker,  of  Walcut.  Bath;  a 
native  of  Scotland. 

Fa.  14.    Aged  72,  Alexander  Bimictf 


1835.] 


Obituaby. 


443 


taq,  of  Greit  St  Helen's,  London.  He 
was  •  Director  of  the  London  Miniooary 
Sode^;  and,  among  other  acts  of  Chru. 
tiui  cbuit^,  he  frequently  conveyed  in 
his  ships,  free  of  cost,  the  Society's  Mis- 
dooaries  and  stores,  as  well  as  those  of 
the  Church  Missionary  Society,  to  their 
fitf  distant  stations  in  the  Southern  Pacific. 

m.ie.  And  72,  John  Broadley  Wil- 
son, esq.  of  Clapham,  Treasurer  of  the 
Baptist  Missionary  Society,  and  of  the 
Bdigioos  Tract  Society,  and  a  munifi. 
cent  beaefiMstor  to  both  those  institutions. 
He  was  nephew  to  the  late  Henry  Broed- 
ley,  esq.  m  HnlL 

At  the  RenetV'park,aged82,  Frances, 
•widow  of  Gen.  Sir  H.  W.  Daliynonle, 
Bart.  She  was  the  youngest  dau.  of  Gol 
Frands  Ldghton,  3d  son  of  Sir  Edward 
Leightoo,  Mrt.  was  married  in  1783*  and 
left  a  widow  in  1890^  having  had  issue 
Sir  A.  J.  Daliymple,  the  present  Bart., 
the  late  Lt.-Col.  L.  CDafrymple,  C.B., 
and  three  daughters. 

Fib.  20.  At  Lambeth-pahkce,  amd  two 
years  and  a  half,  Willmighby- Hastings, 
third  Bon  of  Sir  Geoige  H.  W.  Beau- 
mont, Bart,  and  grandson  of  the  Areh. 
bishop  of  Onterbury. 

Feb.  22.  In  Queen  Ann.street  West, 
aged  62,  the  Hon.  Juliana  Cunon,  dau. 
of  the  late  and  sister  of  the  present  Lord 
Scarsdale. 

At  Brompton,  aged  46,  Robert  Waith. 
man,  esq.  eldest  son  of  the  late  Mr.  Al- 
derman Waithman,  M.P. 

In  Charles^st.  Covent-garden,  in  her 
22d  year,  Elizabeth-Ruth,  daughter  of 
James  Winston,  esq.  joint  proprietor  of 
the  Theatre  Royal,  HaymMrket. 

Feb.  24.  In  James-sU  Buddnsham- 
gate,  aged  81,  Sarah,  widow  of  Henry 
Bates,  esq. 

In  Chester-terrace,  Regent's-park, 
aged  54,  Martha,  widow  of  W.  Pulsford, 
esq.  of  Wimpole-street. 

Feb.25,  At Limehonse, aged  98,  Chris, 
topher  Richardson,  esq. 

Laulv.  In  South-st.  aged  86,  Dame 
Mary  Affleck.  She  was  first  married  to 
Richard  Vassall,  esq.of  Jamdca,  by  whom 
she  had  an  only  daughter,  Elizabeth,  the 
present  Lady  Holland;  and  secondly,  to 
Sir  Gilbert  Affleck,  Bart,  who  died  with, 
out  issue  in  1808. 

In  Dorset- sq.  aged  70,  Rosetta,  widow 
of  James  Stephens,  esq.  of  Camerton. 

MariA  1.  At  Cork- St.  in  his  45th  year, 
James  Sanderson,  esq. 

March  3.  At  the  bouse  of  Lord  Ar- 
den,  her  father,  St.  Jumes's-place,  the 
Hon.  Caroline  Frances,  wife  of  Sir.  W. 
Ueathcote,  Bart,  of  Hursley  Park,  Hants. 
Her  ladyship  was  marr.  Nov.  8, 1625,  and 
has  left  a  son  bom  in  the  following  year. 


■  AttfaeLodg6,S0uthLambeth4n  his  79th 
year,  Major.-Gen.  Thomas  Hard  wicke,  of 
the  East  India  Company's  service. 

March  4.  In  Holles-st.  Cavendish-sq. 
aged^  Thomas  Norris  Aufr^rt,  esq., 
most  deservedly  loved  and  lainented  by 
his  numerous  fnends  and  relatives.  He 
was  the  fourth  son  of  Anthonv  Aufr^re, 
esq.  formerly  of  Hoveton  Hall,  Norfolk, 
by  Anne,  sister  of  the  pious  and  learned 
Mr.  Norris  of  Whitton  in  the  same  county, 
who  founded  the  Norrisian  Professorship 
at  Cambridge.  He  acquired  a  verv  affluent 
fortune  in  the  dvil  service  of  the  Hon. 
East  India  Company  on  the  Madras  Es- 
tablishment, from  which  he  retired  some 
years  ago;  and,  never  having  married, 
nor  indulged  in  expensive  habits  for  his 
own  gmtifi(Bation,  his  prindpal  happinoa 
was  to  distribute  his  superabundance  vq 
deeds  of  kindness  and  liberalitv  towarda 
those  connections  to  whom  they  were 
most  useful. 

March  6.  At  Hammersmith,  aged  2 
years  and  a  half,  Henry- James ;  and  on 
the  7th,  aged  4  years  and  8  months, 
Charles-Edwaid,  children  of  the  Rev.  H. 
J.  Newbery,  Rector  of  St.  Margaret 
Pattens  and  St.  Gabriel  Fenchurch. 

In  Hunter-st.  aged  17.  Morgan,  ddest 
son  of  the  late  Robert  lUehardson,  esq. 
of  Madras  medical  service. 

Mardi  7.  John  Strongitharm,  esq.  4^ 
Waterioo-place^  aged  76. 

March  9.  At  the  Pavilion,  Hans. 
pliV%,  Gertrude  Frances  Anna  Maria, 
youngest  dau.  of  Sir  Frands  Shuckburgh, 
Bart,  aged  16  months. 

March  11.  At  his  father's  in  Russell- 
sq.  aged  SB,  Edward  Hanson,  esq.  of 
Leyton,  Essex 

March  14.  In  Orchard-st.  the  widow  of 
George  Squibb,  esq.  of  Saville-row. 

Mar  A  15.  In  Milton-sL  Dorset^square, 
aged  60,  Vincent  DOliveria,  esq.  of^  Ma- 
deira, and  late  of  Lisbon. 

March  16.  In  Dover-street,  aged  19 
months,  the  Hon.  Elizabeth  Harriet, 
second  daof^ter  of  Lord  Eliot. 

MarA2d.  At  Mabledon-place,  aged  34, 
T.  W.  Chevalier,  esq.  of  Torrington-sq. 

Berks.— F«&.  24  In  his  50th  year, 
Mr.  Skeats,  organist  of  St.  George's 
chapel,  Windsor,  and  framerly  organist 
of  Ety  cathedral. 

Bi;cKS. March  7.    At  Hall.place, 

Beaconsfield.  Mary,  the  beloved  wife  of 
the  Rev.  W.  M.  Bradford,  Rector  of 
Hedsore,  Bucks. 

Cambbioge Feb.  13.   At  Cambridge, 

in  his  20th  year,  Frederick  Crawford, 
eldest  son  of  Captain  Booth,  late  student 
of  the  Royal  Military  college,  Sandhurst. 

Debbxshirk.  —  Feb.  13.      Plarriette^ 


444 


Obitcakt. 


lApta. 


wife  of  John  Bwgodr,  esq.  of  Etwdl, 
seeond  dan.  of  the  kte  Jobn  IddiiM,  etq. 
of  Summerfield  Houae. 

Devon — F^.  17.  Lacy,  wife  of  the 
Rfv.  Win.  iAiUs,  of  Exeter,  kte  of  Har- 
row, tearing  ten  children. 

Feb.  24  At  Bitton,  near  Teign. 
mouth,  aged  78,  William  Mackwortb 
Praed,  enq.  Seijeant-atlaw,  late  Chair- 
man of  the  Audit  OiEce,  SomerKt  house, 
from  which  he  retired  some  yeani  ago  upon 
•  pension  of  1000/.  He  has  left  three  sons, 
two  of  whom  are  in  the  law,  and  one  a 
banker  in  Fleet  street 

Feb.  22.  At  Kingsbri4ge,  at  an  ad- 
vanced age,  Thomas  Wysd,  esq.  late  an 
eminent  solicitor  of  that  town. 

DoMVT  —Feb.  14  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  Rear- A  dm.  Ingram,  of  Burton  Brad- 
stock. 

Feb.  25.  At  Bridport,  John  Tucker, 
esq  surgeon  and  coroner  for  the  Western 
Divixion  of  the  connty. 

Afarch  9.  At  Stock  house,  aged  82, 
the  widow  of  J.  H.  Wolcott,  esq.  of 
Lyme. 

March  11.  At  East  Stower,  aged  70 
Ann,  widow  of  Joseph  Long,  esq.  of 
Bninley  bouse. 

Essex.— /^&.  16.  At  Harwich,  aged 
55,  B.  Chapman,  esq.  many  years  town 
clerk. 

Frb.  15.  Judith,  mfe  of  the  Rer. 
Jonathan  Walton,  D.D.  Rector  of  Bird- 
brook. 

Glouckstgr. — Feb.  I.  At  Cheltenham, 
Anne- Eliza,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Col.  Camie,  who  for  nuny  years  com- 
manded the  Otb  Foot. 

Feb.  a  Aged  56,  Mr.  Edmund  She- 
riff,  upwards  of  26  years  Master  of  tbe 
Merchants'  Hall  School,  Bristol. 

Feb  12.  At  Downend,in  the  bouse  of 
her  son  Col.  Seal^,  aged  81,  Elizabeth, 
widow  of  Benjamin  Sealy,  esq. 

Feb.  13.  At  Cheltenham,  Jane,  widow 
of  Henry.  William  Knox,  esq  of  Netley- 
park,  CO.  Mayo. 

Frb  li.  At  Clifton,  Elizabeth,  widow 
of  John  Leacroft,  esq.  of  Southwell, 
Notts,  dau.  of  Wm.  Swymmer,  esq.  for- 
merly of  Rowberrow,  Som. 

Feb.  15.     At  Cheltenham,  Pen- 

nett,  esq.  brother-in-law  to  Lord   Col- 
chester. 

Feb.  18.  At  Flaxley  Abbey,  Mary. 
Albiiiia,  wife  of  Sir  T.  C.  Boevey,  Bart. 
She  was  the  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Thomaa 
Hyde  Page,  Knt  and  was  married  Oct. 
28,  1807. 

Feb.  20.  Aged  72,  George  Chalner,  esq. 
of  Cheltenham. 

^A.  23.  At  Bristol,  Mary  Worton,  a 
native  uf  Birmingham,  who  attnined  her 
HWf  h  year  on  thi-  .31st  of  May  U*t. 


«rw». 


At 

FekH.   Aged7ft.tbe^ 
tour  Harris,  esq.  of  BriatoL 
FA.  26.    At  Heabofj,  aged  80,  Tiao. 

thy  PoweU,  esq. 

March  5.  At  CKftoB,  Mrs.  D^ihdh 
Hall,  joaogest  daughter  of  the  bte  Jofca 
Hall,  esq.  of  Duihani. 

March  6.  At  ChdtenbaB,  med  66, 
Margaret,  widow  of  Sir  John  ffillia—, 
Bart  of  Bodllewyddan,  col  Flmt.  Ske 
was  the  dau.  and  heiress  of  U^^WUfiaas, 
of  Tyfry  in  Ai^esea,  esq.  was  maniid 
Oct  21,  1791,  and  left  a  widow  ia  OeC 
1&%,  having  had  issue  tbe  preaein  Ba- 
ronet,  three  other  sons,  and  fire  da^gh. 
ters,  two  of  whom  are  Ladj  Waionghby 
de  Broke,  and  Mrs.  Loey,  of  Clarlecete. 
HAtiTB..Feb.  li.  AtPrincfacater,i«ed86, 
Martha,  widow  of  the  Rer.  Sir  Peter  Ri. 
vers  Gay,  Bart.,  Prebendaiy  of  WibcIms. 
ter,  and  mother  of  Sir  Henry  Riven,  But. 
of  Martyr  Worthy.  She  sras  a  dan.  of 
Wm.  Coxe,  M.  D.,  was  married  in  ITBB^ 
and  left  a  widow  in  1790;  baring  had  isaae. 
Sir  Thomas,  Sir  James,  and  Sir  Peter. 
the  7tb,  8th.  and  preaent  BaroneCs,  ooe 
other  son,  and  five  aaogbteriL, 

Feb.  23.    A  t  Madeira,  ^ed  74,  J.  Lea- 
cock,  Esq.  of  Westbrook,  Me  of  Wight. 
Feb.  24.     Grace,  wife  of  Saa^  Whie- 
church,  Esq.  of  North  Charfbrd. 

Fcb.30.  At  Ennngton,aged8Sk  Smb. 
widow  of  Colonel  Moore. 

Lately.    The  Lady  of  Sir  ^ 
Knt.  and  Alderman  of  HuntiifiHL 

Feb.  20.     A  t  Turvey  hooa^  Aichteld, 
second  son  of  Sam.  Clarke  JerroiM,  Esq. 
Feb.  1&    At  Huntingdon,^cd7i,  Mr. 
Alexander  Pe'terkin,  bookseller. 

KatT.—Mareh  2.  Aged  66,  W.  Spm. 
cer,  esq.  of  Chatham,  kte  First  Clefk  in 
tbe  Storekeeper's  office  of  Hk  Majesty's 
Dock  yard. 

Leicestek. — Feb  17.  Aged  36,  Chaa. 
King  Thaddeus  Price,  gent,  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  Leicester  JoumaL 

LiNCOLK — Feb.  6.  At  aeaford,  Mr. 
Wm.  Strapps,  aged  62,  wbo  tnavdlcd  m 
the  Lincolasbire  giant  for  a  number  «f 
years. 

Fa.  IS.  At  Haverfaolm  PiiofT,  mti 
4S»4he  Rt.  Hon.  Georgkm  CtarloOi^ 
CountClB  of  Winchdaea  and  NnlliwhMi 
She  was  tbe  eldest  dau.  of  JameaM  md 
present  Duke  cfT  Montrose,  by  hk  M  wtfb 
Lady  Caroline.  Maria  Moataga,  aktcr  l« 
tbe  present  Duke  of  ifaneheatcr.  She 
was  marriH  July  26,  181%,  wd  hM  left 
one  son.  Viscount  Maidstone,  and  «w 
daughter.  Her  Ladyship's  finMral  laok 
place  at  Ewerbj.  nev  Skafbitl.  TW 
^fBooraans  were  the  Eui.  VkeoMt 
MaMBMs  and  the  two  LoNi  Onkaa. 
the  late  Commnmft"  ^^ 


1835.3 


OsiTVAmY. 


445 


MiDOLSasz.— A/arcA  9.  Cbulotte- 
Lu<nr,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Dawson  Warren^ 
M.A.  Vicar  of  Edmonton,  dau.  of  the 
late  Rev.  T.  Jackson,  D.D.  Canon  Resi- 
dentiary of  St.  Paul's. 

Mardi  11.  At  Hounslow,  aged  81, 
John  Palmer,  esq. 

VoKtoix.—Feh.  6.  At  Letton,  the 
seat  of  her  grandfather  T.  T.  Ouirdon, 
esq.  aged  seven  years,  Laura,  only  survi- 
ving dau.  of  the  bite  Henry  Wodiehouse, 
esq.  eldest  son  of  Lord  Wodebouse. 

Feb.  23.  Aged  66,  at  New  Lakenham, 
Mr.  William  Cole,  second  son  of  the 
late  John  Cde,  gent,  of  Boyland  halL,  in 
Moumingthorpe,  and  father  of  Mr. 
GeorgeO»le,  surgeon,  of  Ely.  He  was  the 
author  of   "  Rural    Months,  and  other 

Manh  2.  Aged  13,  William  Barwick, 
of  Holt  Lodge,  esq. 

NoRTUAMFTONSH. — ^211  28.  At  Long 
Buckby,  at  the  bouse  of  her  son-in-Uw 
Sommersby  Edwards,  esq.  aged  69,  Eliza- 
beth, wife  of  Charles  Easton,  esq.  of 
Twickenham. 

Ftb.  5.  In  his  70th  year,  Samuel  Tib- 
bits,  esq.  of  Northampton. 

Fth.  27.  At  Aiiesworth,  aged  45, 
Anne,  wife  of  A.  Christie,  esq. 

AfarcA  19.  Aged  82,  Mrs.  Mary  Hunt 
of  Wadenboe  House,  in  the  coun^  of 
Northampton,  and  of  Palace. yard,  Glou- 
cester. 

Oxov.—Feh.  26.  At  Grey's-court, 
aged  90,  Mary,  widow  of  Sir  Thomas 
Stapleton,  Bart,  and  great-grandmother 
of  the  Baroness  le  Despencer.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  Henry  Fane,  esq.  of 
Wormsley,  brother  to  Thomas,  8th  Earl 
of  Westmoreland,  by  his  second  wife, 
Anne,  daughter  of  Dr.  John  Wynne, 
Lord  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells ;  was 
married  Nov.  27,  1765,  and  was  left  a 
widow,  Jan.  ],  1781,  with  three  sons  and 
two  daughters,  of  whom  the  eldest  was 
the  late  Lord  le  Despencer. 

March  1.  At  Christ-church,  Oxford, 
of  hooping  cough,  Charlotte- Jane-Eva, 
and  March  3,  W.  Oke,  youngest  children 
of  Che  Rev.  Dr.  Buckland,  Canon  of 
Christchurcb. 

SoMEABET.  —  Fel.  10.  At  Perridge 
House,  near  Shepton  Mallett,  Robert 
Pearse,  esq. 

Feb.  13.  In  her  75th  year,  Sarah,  re- 
iict  of  Robert  Carey  Corfe,  esq.  kte  of 
'Salisbury. 

Feb.  14.  At  Bath,  Lieut.- Col.  Geofge 
Bourne,  East  Kent  Militia. 

Lately.  At  Wild  Oak,  near  Taunton, 
Miss  Duncan,  sister  of  the  late  Capt. 
Menzies  Duncan,  E.  I.  Co.'s  Service. 

March  6.  At  Bath,  CoL  Huddlestone, 
an  East  India  Director  for  many  jrears. 


ilfdrcA  13.  Aged  77,  Thomas^  ddett 
son  of  the  Rev.  Thos.  Green,  lat«  yveax 
of  Keltson,  Somersetshire. 

Stafforsbbibe. — Feb.'i  1 .  Francis  Ho- 
lyoake,  esq.  of  TettenbaU,  father  of  Sir 
Francis  Lyttleton  Hdyoake  Goodricke, 
Bart.     , 

Suffolk.— F«i.  II.  At  Pevton,  near 
Bury,  aged  60,  Eang  John  Haggfetston, 
esq.  formerly  of  Cambridge. 

StjRBEY. — March  1.  At  Cobham,  aged 
78,  Mark  Currie,  esq. 

Mar  A3.  At  Nonsuch  Park,  aged  36, 
Jane,  wife  of  Tbomaa  Isaacson,  es^. 
youngest  daughter  of  the  late  B.  Smi- 
thers,  esq.  of  Preston,  near  Brighton. 

Sussex. — Feb.2\.  At  Ashdown  Houses 
at  an  advanced  age,  the  Hon.  Anne,  wi- 
dow of  John  Trayton  Fuller,  esq.  and 
mother  of  Sir  T.  T.  Fuller-EUiott- 
Drake,  Bart.  She  was  the  only  dau.  of 
Geoi^- Augustus  1st  Lord  Heathfield, 
K.B.  by  Anne,  eldest  dau.  of  Sir  Francis 
Drake,  Bart,  was  married  to  Mr.  Fuller, 
May  21,  1777,  and  bad  issue  six  sons  and 
two  daughters. 

Feb.  21.  At  Watergate,  Frances- Page, 
wife  of  Gen.  Crosbie,  only  child  of  ue 
late  G.  W.  Thomas,  esq. 

March  13.  At  Kemp-town,  W.  Ten- 
nant,  esq. 

Warwick.— Jir6. 7.  Aged  78,  Mr.  J. 
Phillips,  Alderman  of  Coventry  ;  and 
during  bis  funeral,  at  Corley,  his  only 
brother,  Mr.  £.  Phillips,  of  the  same 
city,  aged  88. 

March  20.  At  the  Rev.  A.  Annesley's, 
Clifford   Chambers,   Lucy,    daughter  of 
the  late  James  Tooker,  esq.  of  Norton  ° 
Hall,    Somerset,   and    Hinton    Lo^e, 
Hants. 

Wilts — Feb.  15.  At  Malmesbury, 
aged  50,  Lieut.  Cbaries  Stronger  R.  N. 
son  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Stroiige,  vicar  of 
Malmesbury,  who  died  upwards  of  40 
years  since,  leaving  four  sons  and  two 
daughters,  all  of  whom  reached  the  me- 
ridian of  life,  but  were  successively  cut 
off  by  that  dire  malady,  consumption. 
The  family  has  now  become  extinct. 

Feb.  22.  At  Devises,  aged  (St^  Tho- 
mas  Mason,  esq. 

York.— /?&.  22.  At  Bootbaoi,  aged 
58,  R.  Purchas  Strangways,  esq.  eldest 
son  of  the  late  Richard  Strangways,  esq. 
ofWeU. 

Feb.  28.  Aged  32,  Ann,  wife  of  Heniy 
Smales,  esq.  of  York. 

Mar  A  14.  Aged  76,  Miss  Eliabeth 
Knight,  sister  to  the  late  Rev.  Saomel 
Knight,  M.  A  ,  vicar  of  HaliCuc. 

Walks.— F«r&.  7.  At  Aberystwith, 
Morris  Davies,  esq.  banker  and  m«vliuit 

Lauhf.  At  Tenbv,  Maiy- Piper,  wife 
of  Mr.  Greatorex,  Quker,  of  CMrraar. 


446 


Obitvaky. 


[April, 


tbeoi  youngest  daa.  of  tbe  lat«  Capt.  San- 
den.  R.  N.  of  OUenr  St.  Mary. 

ScoTLANa— A6. 18.  Of  aourlet  fSerer, 
Peter,  and  on  the  SOtfa,  Emeat  Aogaatus, 
youngest  sons  of  Sir  James  Dunbar,  Bart 
of  Boath,  Naimsbire,  Capt.  R.  N. 

Feb.fn.  At  Perth,  Mrs.  Robertson 
or  Clarke,  at  tbe  advanced  age  of  103. 
One  of  ber  siaters  Uved  to  see  her  SSrd 
Tear,  and  another  reached  the  eictraordinaty 
StMUl  of  107. 

Miardt  11.  At  Jsrvisfidd,  Isle  of  Mull, 
the  widow  of  M^jor-Gen.  Macquarie. 

Ireland.— fU.  18.  At  Bansha  Glebe, 
aged  101,  the  widow  of  Sir  Thomas 
Blackball,  Knt.  of  tbe  City  of  Dublin. 

F».  18.  At  Rasheen,  parish  of  Ballin- 
akill,  CO.  SligOi  the  widow  Walk,  in  her 
119th  year,  which  she  entered  the  day 
preceding  her  death.  About  two  years 
ago^  she  cut  four  teeth!  Her  parents 
were  married  on  the  15th  April,  1715^ 
c(Nnnionly  called  **  Black  Tuesday,"  being 
the  day  of  the  great  eclipse. 

F».  SO.  At  Cork,  the  wife  of  O. 
Casbel,  esq.,  co.  Kerry,  and  sister  of 
Profenor  Wilson,  of  Edinburgh.  Another 
sister  recently  died  at  the  same  place. 

iVanrA  9.  At  Westport,  ued  73;  Ro- 
bert Patten,  esq.  upwards  of  40  rears  a 
Magistrate  of  co.  Mayo,  and  head  of  the 
firm  of  R.  Patten,  S.  Smyth,  and  Co. 

Abroad  — Oct.  i.  At  VersaOles,  N. 
Montgomery  Moore,  esq.  for  nxnr  years 
a  representative  of  the  county  of  Tjrone, 
in  tbe  Irish  Parliament 

Oct.  21.  At  Jonkoping,  Sweden,  the 
Baroness  de  Rehausen,  widow  of  Baron 
de  Rebausen,  many  veers  Envoy  Extra- 
ordinary from  the  Court  of  Sweden  in 
this  country,  and  daughter  of  tho  late 
John  Marcbant  Bu}ke]ey,esq.  of  Litbon. 

Oct,  31 .  At  Brussels,  Magnus  Mor- 
ton Herbert,  esq.  of  tbe  Island  of  Nevis. 

JVo».  2.  At  Dinan,  Fiance,  Capt. 
Barrs,  h.  p.  unatt. 

Aiw.  9.  At  Corfu,  William  Cumine^ 
«sq.  Lieut.  10th  Foot. 

Abv.  18.  At  Zembouitx,  in  Upper 
Silesia,  aged  3^  his  Serene  Highness 
Landgrave  Victor  Amadeus  of  Hesse 
Rothenburg,  Duke  of  Ralibor,  Prince  of 
Hursfdd  and  Corvey;  first  eouun  to  the 
Queen  of  England.  The  Prince  of  Hesse 
Cassel  had  already  taken  possession  of  his 
domains,  when  he  received  the  astounding 
intelligence  that  the  widowed  Landgra- 
vine was  pregnant  .  But  to  entitle  the 
hew  comer  to  inheritance,  it  must  be  of 
tbe  male  sex. 

Aov.  80.  At  Copenhagen,  liis  Serene 
H^bnesB,  Prince  Frederick.  William - 
Cbiriei-Lonis,  Landgrave  of  Hesse- Phi- 
DMfaal  Barchfeld.  also  first  cousin  to  tbe 

Sm- of  Eiyfaind.    In  the  year  1815 


he  was  Colonel  of  Prince  Schwartzen. 
buig's  fine  regiment  of  Hulans,  and  was 
a  great  favourite  in  both  armies. 
'  Nov.  87.    At   Florence,  James  Nash 
M'Grath,  esq.  Lieut  16tb  Foot. 

Dee.  5.  At  Madeira,  W.  Finlay,  esq. 
of  Quebec,  Lower  Canada. 

At  Lausanne,  Joanna,  dan.  of  the  late 
John  Forbes,  esq.,  of  Baker-street 

Dee.  6.  At  Pisa,  in  his  19th  year, 
Obude  de  NeufviUe  Clifion,  esq.  son  of 
C.  C.  Clifton,  Esq.  of  Tymaur,  co.  of 
Breeoo,  and  grandson  of  the  late  Lady 
CocMnim,  of  Bath. 

Dee.  10.  At  Florence,  aged  37,  Capt 
Ferdinand  Thomas  Williamson,  late  of 
7Sd  Regiment,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Rev. 
Thomas  Williamson,  Rector  of  Stoke 
Damerel,  Devon,  and  nephew  to  the  late 
Sir  Hedworth  Williamson,  Bart  of 
Whitburn,  Durham. 

LaUfy.  The  King  of  Peraa,  Feeth 
All  Sehab.  He  has  been  succeeded  in 
tbe  sway  over  a  mquldering  empire  by 
Mohammed  Miiza,  eldest  son  of  the  late 
Abbas  Mirxa. 

At  Nassau,  New  Providence,  Lieut- 
CoL  Pattison,  Knight  of  the  Royal  Mi. 
litary  Order  of  Hanover,  Lieut- Cdonel 
of  the  8d  West  India  regiment,  and  Com- 
mander of  His  Mqes^s  troops  in  the 
Bahamas.  He  served  durii^  the  whole 
Peninsular  war ;  was  sometime  extra 
Aide-de-Camp  to  the  vetenn  Picton,  and 
he  had  been  (including  skirmishes)  twenty- 
seven  times  under  tbe  enemy's  fire.  His 
d«nise  took  jriace  only  fifteen  yreelcs  after 
that  of  his  nephew,  Lt  A.  Hope  Patti. 
•on,  who  was  his  Secretary  and  Adjutant 
At  tbe  Sandwich  Islands,  Mr.  David 
Douglas,  botanist  He  fell  into  a  piu 
fall,  and  was  there  destroyed  bv  a  wild 
bull  which  had  been  lately  caught  He 
had  made  many  valuable  commumea- 
tions  to  the  Horticultural  Society,  and 
recently  one  to  the  Roya\  Geographieal 
Society,  respecting  the  volcanoes  of  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  tie  gave  name  tu  tbe 
Pinus  Douglasii. 

Jm,  11.  At  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia, 
Ladj  Ussher,  wife  of  Cu>t.  Sir  Thomas 
Ussher,  R.N..  K.C.B. 

Jam.  30.  At  Malta,  aged  17.  Cecilia 
Courtenay,  dau.  of  Lieut-Gen.  J.  S. 
Wood. 

r».  5.  At  Bremen,  aged  46,  George 
Ernest  Papendick,esq.  bis  Migesty's  Vice 
Consul,  and  Consul  for  Hanover,  in  that 
eity,  eldest  surviving  son  of  the  late  Chris- 
topher Papendick,  esq. 

#U.  18.  At  Lisbon,  aged  17,  Sutian 
Priscilla,  only  daughter  of  E.  Gibbon 
Wakefield,  esq. 

J^h.  ]&  On  bis  passage  home  from  tbe 
Waat  Indies,  aged  61,  Willara  Coles,  esq< 


1835.]        Bill  of  Mortality.— Markels — Price  of  Shares. 


447 


Feb.  23.  At  Fruikfort-nir-Maine,  aged 
31  >  Stephen,  second  son  of  the  late  Capt. 
Cumberlege,  E.  I.  Service. 

nb.  17.  At  Paris,  Henty  Womhwell, 
esq.  second  son  of  Six  Qeorge  Wombwell, 
Bart. 

Feb.  25.  At  Florence,  of  apoplei^, 
whilst  dancing  at  a  ball  given  by  the  Grand 
Duke  of  Tuscany,  in  the  Pitti  palace, 
aged  38,  the  Hon.  Jomes  Forbes,  Lt-Cd. 
Coldstream  Guards,  eldest  son  of  Lord 
Forbes.  He  bad  been  more  than  twenty 
years  in  bis  raiment,  and  served  at  Wa- 
terloo. 

Latdy.  At  Versailles,  aged  75,  M. 
A .  Duiour,  architect  He  was  a  Member 
of  the  Consulting  Committee  lor  the 
Buildings  of  the  Crown,  and  of  the  Le- 


fion  of  Honour,  and  it  has  been,  muia 
is  direction  that  all  the  works  undertaken 
at  the  Palace  of  Versilies,  from  1810  to 
1813,  were  completed. 

At  Mayence,Dressler,  the  fliitist,leaviiig 
a  widow  and  young  family. 

£a8t  Inoisb. — Juneb.  At  Asseefjrimr, 
East  Indies,  aged  SO,  Lieut.  R.  T.Ltn. 
caster,  of  the  10th  regiment  Bombay  Na- 
tive Infantry,  second  son  of  W.  N.  Imn- 
caster,  esq.  of  Ottery  St.  liary,  Dcfvon. 

July  99.  At  Baitool,  Lieut.- CoL  Jere- 
miah Aubert,  bengal  18th  N.  I. 

Aug.  8.  At  Kulladge^  Ensign  B^J. 
Holmes,  Interpreter  and  Quartermaster 
of  the  26th  regiment  of  Native  Infantry; 
third  and  youngest  son  of  N.  Holmes, 
esq.  of  Derby. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  Feb.  18  to  March  84,  I8S5. 


Christened. 
Males      10701(,|») 
Females  1080/**** 


Buried. 
Males        976)|Q|e   g 
Females    936  T^^*   8 

Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under  pq 

two  years  old 570 


2  and  5  241 
5  and  10  73 
1 10  and  20  60 
1 20  and  30  97 
'  30  and  40  124 
'40  and  50  155 


50  and  60  174 
60  and  70  161 
70  and  80  168 
80  and  90'  79 
90  and  100    10 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  whidt  the  Duty  is  regulated,  March  13. 

Peas. 

t.  d. 

37  10 
PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  CAvt.  March  23, 


Wheat. 

Barley. 

Oats.       Rye. 

Beans. 

1.    d. 

«.    (. 

«.    d.      t.    d. 

«.    d. 

40    5 

32    6 

22    4     29     3 

36    2 

Fambam  (seconds)  Oil    0«.  to  OL    0»f 

Kent  Pockets 51.    Ot.  to  71.    It. 

Sussex ^    4>i.  to  5L    &$. 

Essex 4/.  10«.  to  fU.  lOt. 


Kent  Bags 'U.  10*.  to  6/.  0*. 

Sussex 0/.  Of.  to  0/.  0«. 

Essex 0/.  Ot.  to  02.  Ot. 

Famham  (fine) 0^  Ot.  to  07.  Ot. 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  March  23. 

Smithfield,  Hay,  4/.  1  It.  to  4/.  15t Strew,  1  /.  16t.  to  21.  Ot.— Clover,  51.  bt.  to  Si.  lOr. 

SMITHFIELD,  March  23.    To  sink  the  Offal— per  stone  of  81bs. 

Lamb  6t.  Qd.  to  7t.  6d. 

Head  of  Cattle  at  Market,  Mardi  23. 

Beasts 2,743    C/alvea  160 

Sheep  &  Lambs  19,519     Pigs     690 


Beef. 

2t. 

4d.  to  4t. 

Od 

Mutton 

3t. 

Qd.  to  4«. 

^. 

Veal 

4«. 

Od.  to5t. 

8rf. 

Pork 

A. 

Qd.  to  4t. 

2d 

COAL  MARKET,  ManJi  23. 

Walls  Ends,  from  18f.  6<{.  to  22t.  M.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  13f.  6d.  to  I8t.  OdL 

TALLOW,  per  cwt— Town  Tallow,  4lt.  Od.    Yellow  Russia,  38*.  Od, 

SOAP.— Yellow,  58*.    Mottled,  62t.  Curd,      t. 

CANDLES,  7t.  Od.  per  doz.    Moulds,  8t.  6J. 

PRICES  OE  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  Bbothebb,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers, 
23,  Change  Alley,  Cornhill. 

Birmingham  Canal,   237§. EUesmere  and  Chester,  88 Grand  Junction 

240. Kennet  and  Avon,  22§. — ^Leeds  and  Liverpool,  530. Regent's,  16|. 

—Rochdale,  119. London  Dock  Stock,  56}. St.  Katharine's,  69^. West 

India,  94^. Liverpool  and  Manchester  Railway,  192. Grand  Junction  Water 

Works,  55. West  Middlesex,  79. Globe  Insurance,  149}. Guardian, :»{. 

Hope,64. Chartered  Gas  Light,  47|. Imperial  Ga8,45i. Ph<enixGas, 

25). Independent  Gas,  50. United  -  General,   43.— Canada  Land  Com- 
pany, 42— Reversionary  Interest,  132. 

For  Prices  of  all  other  Shares  \tvcv\»xe  «&  «!cK)Ne. 


448 


METEOROLOGICAL  DL\KY,  by  W.  CARY,  Sthato. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


fYom  February 

26^  to  Mard 

Fahrenbeit'B  Therm.                                  || 

•ox 

H 

i 

i 

cq 

Weather. 

1 

Feb. 

a 

« 

o 

in.  pts. 

It 

26 

45 

51 

44 

29,  38  |fair,  rain       1 

27 

47 

49 

43 

,  38  |do.  do,          1 

88 

43 

46 

39 

,76 

da  cioudj  1 

M.I 

37 

38 

37 

,30 

rain 

S 

36 

43 

45 

30,08 

cloudy 

3 

4a 

48 

38  1 

29,77 

fair,  windf 

4 

45 

47 

36 

.77 

cloudy,  do. 

5 

39 

46 

48 

.96 

do.  do. 

6 

46 

53 

40 

,50 

do.  do.  ruin 

7 

47 

49 

39 

28,  77  do.               jl 

6 

42 

4« 

43 

29,70 

do. 

9 

U 

46 

35 

,07 

do.  rain 

10 

38     47 

41 

,58 

do.  do. 

11 

49 

52 

44 

,58 

rain 

o5 

rii 

Si 

x2 

Mw. 

D 

19 

45 

13 

44 

14 

47 

15 

42 

16 

46 

17 

45 

18 

43 

19 

33 

20 

38 

21 

50 

22 

U 

23 

46 

24 

42 

25 

42 

s 

\t.i 

B 

s 

5i 

• 

1 

Weather. 

0 

in.  pta. 

53 

42 

29,  70  loloudy,  nio 

53 

42 

30,  19  Ifair 

58 

48 

,  00  Ido. 

48 

40 

29,  96  :do.  cloudy 

53 

47 

30,  06  do.  do. 

51 

44 

29,  77  rain 

48 

38 

,  97  Ido.  fair 

42 

38 

30.  23  jfosgjr 

54 

49 

.  30  ifwr 

^ 

46 

,23{rMn 

46 

41 

,  26  rioudjr,  do. 

49 

40 

,  26  'do.  f»ir 

45 

36 

,  :i3  do.  do. 

46 

35 

,53  fiur 

DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 

From  February  26,  to  March  27,  1835,  loth  incliuive. 


oi   at 


.i!3' 


26223j'9li  2|914 

27  223i9li  i9lt 

282234  911  i9\i 

2  223^92^     i9l] 

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Ex.  Bills 
jflOOU 


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Ill 

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16 
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18' 
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80! 
211' 
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241 
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17| 


904256 

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89j! -|256  !J819pm.| 

174 1 1820  »m. 

174 2574J  20  pm. 

, 1 ,20  18  pm. 

1 \ — -~\ ^I820pm.| 

1 ^^1820  pm. 

2120  pm. 


m\ 


-1921pm.| 
— ■  t2  pm. 
— |2423pin.| 

12123  pm. 

—[21  24  pro. I 


1004 '— -; -i\  2i  pm. 

100}  90} 1 2220  pm. 

100|     i , 2022  pm. 

1001     I \-^\ ! 1  22  pm. 


|=: 


looi 


— 1004100 — 

|(M)}tH>}- 

99}       4 , 

99}      4 ; 

|M9|       4 

99|       i 


f  22p 
'2123 


90 


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2122  pm. 

i:«»22pm. 

'iS^ii  pm. 

1  21   p„. 

— . a  l»m. 

|20  21pm. 


34  36  pm. 
36  33  pm. 

34  36  pen. 

35  36  pm. 
35  36  pm. 

35  3«i  pm. 

36  35  pm. 
36  35  pm. 

36  35  pm. 
35  37  pm. 

39  40  pm. 

40  3P  pm. 
40  39  pm. 
39  40  pm. 

39  40  pm. 

40  38  pm. 

38  40  pm. 

39  40  pm. 

38  40  pm. 

39  40  pm. 
39  44)  pm. 
:iQ  40  pm. 
38  39  pm. 

SU  SB  |NA> 

30  37  pm. 

37  38  pm. 


RNULL,  Stock  Broker,  1,  Bank  Buildinpn,  romltill, 

late  llKMAROSON,  Gooui.vcK,  and  AaNULl-, 


i.    ».   KICHOLS    *»D   aOM,  2i,   TXHIAXU^TTI   «T«.%V«. 


V."' 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

MAY,  1835. 

By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


■   ■•   CONTENTS. 

MiNOB  Cott&BseoNDCKCE. — Latin  Grammars,  by'  Valpy  and  Grant— Yew-tree       ' 

in  Cheahire — Magnolia  .GraBdiiora-^-MArkcinfield  family,  Ike.  8tc 460 

Mbs.  LsK'a  Life  or  Cdvieb' '..I..:..  ..■ ". 1. ..   451 

HisTORiCAi.  Cbaractbrs,  by  Su  J.'  MACUNTOBH.T^baracter  of  the   Right 

Hon.  George  Canning. . '. .....'.. .~. 463 

Biographical  iketch  of  the  Right  Honit  Thomas  .Wilsitn,  .LL.D.  Secretary  of 

State  to  Qoeen  Eiinbeth ...:. .......; ..•.=.. 468 

The  Puiaian  Omnibus  of  the  Serenteenth  Centnfy  ..'-...'. .' 475 

Old  Engliih  Poetical  Facetiae — Satires  on  Women;  and  Marriage 480 

On  the  Character  and  Writings  of  Micyilus^the  friend  of  Melancdiqn  486 

Castles  of  Gwent  and  iDyfed,  No.  IL— Newcastle /wrfM. a  viiewj. . . . . ; 489 

LoN  Di  NX  ANA , .  No.  I. — EicaVstioBs-  at :  th  A  Tower '  of  ■ '  London  49S. — ^Roman 

Colossal  Head ;  Priory  buildings  of  St.  Mary  Orery 49S 

Coins  of  Henry  the  Third,  &e.  faund  at'Sea  View,  co.  Cork  493— SceatU  of  QiTa  49S 

Acooant  of  St.  Ebbe'kChiireh,' Oxford  ...'..... ;.. 496 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Mendham's  Memoirs  of  the  CoaneO  of  Tmt,  497. — Miss  Twamley's  Poems, 
498.— Miss  Saffery's  Poens,  499.— KicheU's  Saxon  Daughter,  5O0.— Sir  A. 
iJQBgstedt  OD  onr  Rdatioas.with  China ;  Report  of  the  Trial  "  Burrell  t. 
Nicholson,"  501. — Infomwtion  on  Pftrt*  of  the  British  Constitution, 
5U3.— Todd  on  the  Translations  of  the  Bible ;  Works  on  Slavenr,  505.— 
Heeren's  History  of  the  European  States;  Lappenberg's  History  of 
England,  506. — Funeral  Sermons  on  D/.  Morrison,  607« — May's  History  of 
Evraham,  608< — ^W'ilkinson's  Londina  lUustnta,  510.— Talbot's  Translation 
of  Faust,  513. — State  Papera,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  513. — Account  of  Maid- 
Stone;  HiHtory  of  Reading,  51.5. — Hanham's  Help  to  Prayer ;  Sibthorp's 
Book  of  Genesis,  a  16. — Dunderdale's  Poemn ;  Dr.  Smith  on  the  Prophets  ; 

Thelwall's  Letters,  &c.  517. — MiucelUneous  Re\-ie«fi 518 — 5£0 

FINE  ARTS.— Sale  of  Lord  Townshend's  Pictures,  5S1 . — Panorama  of  Jerusalem  SS8 
LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  .'>22. — Rnyal  Society ;  Cambridge  University ;  Literary 
Pensions,  5S1. — Steel  Pens  ;  Suane  Testimonial,  5^4. — Lectures  on  Archi- 
tectural Antiquities,  &c 586 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.- Siociety  of  Antiquaries,  &c 587 

POETRY.— On  a  Lady  of  tbe  Olden  Time,  5«8.— Epitaph  on  John  Harding, 
by  the  Rev.  W.  L.  Bowks,  i6id. — Sonnet  on  Night  and  Death,  5S9.— 

the  Daisy  in  India,  by  James  Montgomery 539 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE.  —  Proceedings  in   Parliament,  530.— Foreign 

News,  535. — Domestic  Occurrences,  536.-^Theatrical  Register 539 

Promotions,  &c.  539. — Births  and  Marriages 540 

OBITUARY ;  with  Memoirs  of  the  Earl  of  Portmore ;  the  Earl  of  Scarbo- 
rough ;  Earl  Nelson ;'  Major-Gen.  Sir  R.  Travers ;  Lt.-Gen.  Adams  j 
E.  J.  Curteifl,  esq. ;  Mrs.  Anthony  Clarke ;  Mrs.  Kempe ;  Henry  Hunt, 

esq.  ;  Rev.  W.  Carey,  D.D. ;  M.  Dupuytren,  &c 541 

Clebgt  Decrassd,  554. — Deaths,  arranged  in  Counties 556 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets — Prices  of  Shares,  559 — Meteorological  Diary — Stocks  &&i 

Embellished  with  Views  of  the  Chvbch  ot  St.  "E.**^,  C>T.lat\, 
And  of  tbe  Castles  of  Nevcastlb  ind  Oouohe.,  co.  C^\»xcLOt^'&.. 


A  LovBK  or  Justice  requests  us  to 
make  the  following  statement : — "  A  Mr. 
Grant,  of  Crouch  End,  haa  published  a 
work  on  Latin  Grammar.  Hearing  much 
in  praise  of  the  Latin  metres  in  which  he 
has  clothed  his  h»%M  of  exceptiuQt  to  tiie 
rules  for  nouni  and  verbs,  I  sent  for  the 
work.  You  will  judge  nif  9ur]>rise  in 
recoi^iisin);,  in  thei>e  lines,  the  verses 
which  I  had  learntd  at  hthool  in  Dr. 
Valpy"*  Gramniar.  1  then,  naturally, 
looked  to  the  preface  to  find  an  acknow- 
ledgment of  the  source  from  which  1he 
had  drawn  bis  rules,  but  not  a  syllable 
was  said  on  the  subject.  Ou  rxajninadoa 
of  the  two  works,  other  inKtance«  of 
gross  plagiirifim  will  be  obeerred.  It  is 
true  that  some  few  improvements  have 
beea  made  in  different  editions  of  Valpy's 
Grammar,  which  Mr.  Grant  had  not,  pro- 
bably, consulted  before  be  printed  his 
second  edition.  Perhaps,  if  other  au- 
thors can  lay  Bim.ilar  claims,  the  jackdaw 
may  be  stripped  of  his  borrowed  plumes. 
You  may  ask  why  an  injunction  was  not 
procured  against  the  sale  of  &fr.  Grant's 
publication  ?  There  is  a  time,  beyond 
which  an  action  cannot  be  brought,  and 
sji  author  i«  often  a  long  time  before  he 
discovers  the  plagiarism." 

Our  best  thanks  to  Mr.  Wooi^lcombk 
for  his  communication  just  received, 
which  shall  be  inserted  in  our  next  nam- 
ber. 

Ma.  Urban, — In  answer  to  J.  M. 
who  expresses  a  wish  to  know  to  what 
extent  the  yew  tree  appears  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Chetihire  and  Lancashire,  with 
respect  to  Cheshire  I  think  I  can  satisfy 
his  riewi.  There  is  scarcely  a  church- 
yard in  Cheshire  in  which  a  yew  tree,  or 
grove  of  yews,  may  not  be  seen  -,  the 
tree  is  most  luxuriant  in  its  growth,  and 
in  some  instances  has  attained  an  enor- 
Bons  size.  In  one  instance  in  particular, 
and  that  is  in  the  chapel-yard  of  Goose, 
tree,  under  .Sandhach  Church,  there  is 
a  yew  tree  which  measarea  twelve  yards 
in  circumference ;  and,  taking  into  consi- 
deration the  very  slow  growth  of  such 
trees,  it  must,  at  the  most  moderate  com- 
putation, be  at  least  1000  years  old  ;  it 
ii  gradaally  upon  the  decay,  and  in  its 
trunk  there  are  several  considerable  cavi- 
ties. The  Rer.  Robert  Sittler.  late  In- 
cumbent of  this  living,  once  told  me  that 
he  bad  no  doubt  but  that  this  tree  gave 
the  name  originiUly  to  the  cbapelry,  by 
the  name  of  God'strre,  which,  by  a  more 
modem  corruption,  is  called  by  its  pre- 
sent onr  of  G<H>setree  ;  the  yew  (l»y  the 
lu-SsxunM)   being  dedicated  to  God, 


and  the  tutelar  Saint  to  whom  the  church 
was   consecrated.     Besides,    it    may    be 
obsen-ed,  that  almost  upon   all  the  old 
moated  sites,  where  the  mansions  hav* 
long  ago  been  destroyed,  either  yew  trees, 
or  hedges  of  that  tree,  may  still  be  seen. 
I  may  also  state  that,  with  respect  to  the 
large  yew  tree  at   Goo.sctrec,   there  are 
evident  appearances,  in  different  parts  of 
its  braucheff,  where  the  belJa  have  for- 
merly been  suspended,  prior,  perhaps,  to 
the  building  of  the  present  chapel,  which 
is  of  not  very  long  erection.     In  all  the 
churchyards  which  I  have  seen  in  Lan- 
cashire,  there  the  yew  appears   equally 
flourishing  and  of  large  dimensions. 
Yours,  &c.         JoHx  TwasfLow. 
In  reference  to  an  article  in  the  Gentle- 
man's Magaxine,  reviewing  the  &rst  num- 
ber  of  the  Arboretum  Britanoicum,  by 
J.   C  Loudon,  we  are  informed  by  B.  G. 
"  that  the  Dowager  Viscountess  Galway. 
at    Bawtry   in    Yorkshire,    has    had  the 
Magnolia  Grandiflora  growing  against  a 
wall,  about  twenty  years,  and  which  each 
year,  for  the  last,  ten,  hai  flowered  pro- 
fusely.    Rcfutitig,   likewise,  to  a  note 
upon  the  tulip  tree  rLiriodrndron.)  how 
far  north  that  may  blow  I  know  not,  but 
her  ladyship  has  also,  at  fiawtry.  two  of 
those  trees,  above  fifty  years  old,  which 
now  flower  annually." 

Mr.  J.  Y.  Akerman  proposes  to  pub- 
lish, in  a  small  volume  of  about  100 
pages,  A  Dissertation  on  the  Coins  of 
the  Romans,  struck  iu,  or  relating  to  the 
province  of  Britain.  Tlie  commnntcation 
of  any  unpublished  Roman  Coins,  with 
allusion  to  Britain,  will  be  moat  desir- 
able. 

G.P.  vrill  feel  obliged  if  any  of  oor 
Correspondents  can  refer  him  to  an  ac- 
count of  the  Scottish  Goard  of  the 
Kings  of  France.  He  is  also  desirous  of 
ascertaining  whether  the  Records  are  now 
in  existence,  and  where  pre*er\ed. 

ANTitit'Antus  inquires  for  infomistioa 
relative  to  the  ancient  family  of  the 
Markcnfieldfl,  of  Markrnfirld  Hall,  near 
Ripon.  The  last  of  the  family,  Thomas 
Markenfleld,  joining  in  I5<i9  in  the  rebel- 
lion against  the  Queen,  his  estate  waa  for- 
feited, and  he  was  obliged  to  take  rvfugc  in 
a  foreign  country.  The  estate  was  gnotaA 
to  the  Lord  Chancellor  Egerton.  in  wluiw 
family  it  rrmained  till  it  was  purchased 
of  the  Duke  of  Bridgew&ter  by  Sir  P. 
Norton,  1st  Lord  Grantley  of  Marken' 
field.  Two  ancient  altar  tombs  now 
remain  in  Ripon  Minster,  which  are  said 
to  belong  to  i^ir  Villism  and  Sir  Nyniau 
Markrnftdd. 


4 


I 

4 


i 


g 


THE 


GENTLEMAN'S     MAGAZINE, 


LIFE  OF  CUVIER.     By  Mrs.  Lek.    8vo. 


Ell! 


I 


ler  gratttufic  to  Mrs,  Lee  for  the  volume  which  si 
presented  to  us,  of  the  Life  of  the  great  Naturalist,  we  still  hope  that  it 
";\ill  not  8l1pe^^ede  a  more  tJetailed  and  elaborate  biography  by  some  one  of 
those  eminent  men  of  science  who  were  ac([uainteii  persoually  with  him, 
and  who  can  atTord  us  a  more  extensive  view  of  his  discoveries  and  attain- 
ments. We  must  confess  that  the  present  work  is  rather  dry  and  unattractive. 
Whether  that  may  in  part  arise  from  its  distribution  and  arrangement,  we 
cannot  say  ;  but  the  main  cause  is  owing  to  the  biographer  having  entered 
so  httle  into  the  detail  of  these  deeply-interesting  subjection  wliich  Cuvier's 
sagacity  and  industry  were  so  long  and  successfully  employed  ;  while  her  ■ 
personal  anecdotes  and  remiuiscences  are  limited  by  the  comparatively  fl 
short  period  of  intercourse  which  she  enjoyed  with  him :  and  though  all 
she  has  communicated,  is,  aa  far  as  it  extends,  interesting  and  authentic, 
we  wish  the  harvest  had  been  somewhat  richer ;  and  we  should  like  to 
have  been  admitted  to  more  unrestrained  society  with  the  successor  of 
LinQa:;us,  and  BufiTon,  and  Daubenton,  and  the  great  contemporary  of 
Humboldt,  and  La  Place,  and  Playfair,  and  Davy.  As  it  is,  we  must  be 
content  to  give  a  short  account  of  the  father  and  founder  of  the  school 
of  fossil  geology:  of  him  who  first  carried  the  torch  of  science  into 
the  secret  and  subterraneous  chambers  of  the  globe ;  who  invaded  the 
very  labtiratory  of  nature,  aivoke  its  dormant  and  torpid  teuants,  and 
brought  back  to  light  and  knowledge  the  long-burled  forms  of  paat  ages, 
the  gigantic  inhabitants  of  former  worlds  ;  the  petrified  montitcrs,  who  long 
ere  man  was  created,  or  the  future  lord  of  nature  appeared^  held  the  un- 
disputed sovereignty  of  the  globe. 

George  Leopold  Chretien  Frederic  Dagobert  Cuvier  was  bom  at  Mont- 
belliard,  in  the  Department  of  the  Doubs,  on  the  2]st  Augustj^  1  769  ;*  a 
town  that  formerly  belonged  to  W^irtemberg.  His  family  originally  came 
from  a  village  that  still  bears  the  name,  and  settled  at  Montbi^lliard, 
at  the  period  of  the  Reformation.  The  father  of  Cuvier  was  in  a  Swiss 
regiment,  in  the  sen'ice  of  France.  He  waH  made  chevalier  of  the  order 
dc  Merite  Militaire,  which  among  Protestants  was  of  equal  honour  with 
the  Catholic  croix  de  St.  Louis  ^  and  after,  forty  years'  service,  he  retired 
on  a  pension  to  Moutbelliard,  married,  at  the  age  of  lifty,  a  young  lady  of 
much  talent  and  worth,  and  had  by  her  three  sons,  of  whom  George  was 
the  second.  Geoi]ge,  the  suhiect  of  our  memoir,  was  very  weakly  and  deli- 
cate, and  was  watched  and  cherished  by  his  mother  with  the  most  unde- 
viatiiig  and  affectionate  attention  ;  this  he  repaid  by  every  mark  of  Ulial 
duty  that  he  could  show ;  and  in  his  after-life,  he  loved  and  remembered 
all  the  objects  which  had  been  cherished  by  her.     He  delighted  iu  being 


*  In  tl»e  year  in  which  Cuvier  was  born,  the  foUomng  illustrious  pertons  alio  came 
into  thr  world — Napoleon,  >Duke  of  WelUagtoo,  Mr,  Caaiuiig,  Cbatcaiibriaad,  Sii 
Walter  Scott,  and  Sir  Jamra  Mackintoth. 


1 


452  Li/eo/Cuvier.  [May, 

Burrouoded  with  the  flower  which  she  had  preferred  ;  and  whoever  brought 
a  bouquet  of  red  stocks  into  his  study,  was  sure  to  be  rewarded  with  bis 
thanks, — they  were  the  flowers  his  mother  loved. 

Tantiu  veris  honoB,  et  odorc  gratia  ilorc. 

This  excellent  woman  superintended  his  education,  fnmished  him  with 
the  best  books,  taught  him  to  draw,  and  at  ten  years  of  age  placed  him  in 
the  Gymnase.  where  he  acquired  Latin  and  Greek,  and  was  at  the  head  of 
the  classes  of  history,  geography,  and  the  mathematics.  He  was  a  great 
proficient  in  chemistry,  and  delighted  in  reducing  maps  to  a  small  scale, 
which  he  gave  to  his  fellow-students.  His  love  of  reading  was  so  great, 
that  his  mother  often  forced  him  from  his  sedentary  pursuits  to  mix  with 
the  sports  and  amusements  of  the  bdys.  It  was  at  this  age  that  his  tastu 
for  natural  history  was  brought  to  light,  by  the  sight  of  a  copy  of  Gcsner, 
'with  coloured  pl.ites.  in  the  library  of  the  Gymnase,  and  by  a  Buflbn 
which  a  relation  possessed.  At  twelve  years  of  age,  he  was  as  familiar 
with  qnadrnpeds  and  birds  as  a  first-rate  naturalist :  he  always  carried 
a  copy  of  BufTon  in  his  pocket,  and  in  his  advanced  age  he  often  spoke 
with  pleasure  and  approbation  of  that  picturesque  and  eloquent  and  glowing 
Jangnage  which  had  so  early  fascinated  him  in  his  youth.*  Like  most  of 
the  boys  at  Montbelliard,  he  was  destined  for  the  church.  A  free-school 
had  been  founded  at  Tubingen,  where  th«  boys  were  removed,  according 
to  the  advancement  which  they  had  previously  made  :  but  the  chief  of  the 
Gymnase  at  Montbelliard,  from  some  petty  dislike  toCuvier,when  the  pupils 
presented  their  names  for  places,  allotted  only  a  third  rank  to  his.  This 
80  disgusted  him,  who  felt  conscious  that  he  was  worthy  of  a  higher  situa- 
tion, that  he  gave  up  all  thoughts  of  Tubingen  :  f  and  in  after-life,  expressed 
his  satisfaction  for  the  benefits  which  had  arisen  from  this  act  of  injustice. 
The  Duke  Charles,  nncle  of  the  present  King  of  WHrtemberg,  when  on  a 
visit  to  Montbelliard,  hearing  of  Cuvier's  abilities,  took  him  into  favour,  and 
sent  him  to  the  University  of  Stuttgard,  free  of  expense.  He  was  now 
fourteen  years  old  ;  and,  for  the  first  time  of  his  life,  he  left  his  paternal 
roof.  He  often  said  that  he  could  not  recall  to  mind  the  three  days' 
journey  without  a  sensation  of  fear.  He  was  seated  between  the  cham- 
berlain and  secretary  of  the  duke,  both  unknown  to  him,  and  who  spoke 
nothing  but  German,  of  which  he  conld  not  understand  a  word.    Here  he 


*  See  CuTior'a  character  of  Baffon,  in  hii  "  Eloges  Historiqnes,"  in  the  biography 
of  Adanson,  vol.  i  p.  977.  He  is  comparing  him  aa  a  naturalist  with  LinoKoa,  and  he 
■aya — "  Tons  les  draz,  preaqne  ezcltuiTement  lirr^  k  leurs  id^  particniiires,  avaient 
trop  neglig^  un  point  de  Tue  euentiel,  Tdtude  de  ces  rapporta  moltipli^  des  dtres, 
d'oo  resulte  leor  division  en  famillea  fond^s  aur  leor  propre  nature,"  &c. — See  also 
aome  just  criticism  on  Bulfon'a  method  of  philosophy,  in  Cuvier's  Memoir  of  Lace- 
pede,  vol.  iii.  p  296,  one  of  the  most  interesting  lives  in  the  series.  In  the  Life  of 
Bmguieres,  Cuvier  bears  moat  honourable  teatimony  to  that  part  of  Buffon's  cha- 
racter which  has  been  most  attacked.  "  Non  paa  que  je  Teuille  dire  par  la  que 
Baffon  n'^tait-pas  an  nataraliste  exact ;  je  sais,  an  contraire,  que  ses  ouvrages  sont 
m^me  plus  vrais,  plus  soign^s  »ur  let/aitt,  que  ceux  de  Linnenu,  mais  le  vulgaire 
ne  possidait  pas  alors  assez  de  connaisances  poor  y  distinguer  ce  genre  de  mdrite," 
&c. — We  entreat  our  readers  to  torn  to  the  passage  for  the  remainder,  which  we  have 
not  room  to  give. 
'  f  Several  writers  have  made  mistakes  in  their  accounts  of  Cuvier,  in  saying  that  he 
entered  into  the  church,  and  even  Mons.  DecandoUe  (an  intimate  friend)  asserts  that 
he  entered  the  army  ;  which  is  not  true.  The  confusion  arose  between  the  father  and 
uncle  and  son. 


1H3J.] 


Life  of  Cuv'ter. 


453 


I 


remained  four  years,  and  studied  law,  fioancc,  politirs,  agriculture  ;  above 
all,  cultivating  the  different  branches  of  natural  history.  He  read  Liimyeus 
»nd  Fiibriciiis  ;  formed  an  herbarium  ;  drew  and  coloured  inserts,  birds, 
and  planta,  witli  great  corrcctuessand  beauty  ;  and  displayed  that  versatility 
of  talent,  for  which  he  ivas  so  distinguished  in  the  whole  j>rrigreas  of  his 
life.  He  obtained  various  prizes,  and  nine  months  after  his  arrival  at 
Stuttgard,  be  bore  off  the  prize  for  the  German  language.  A  fair  prospect 
to  a  youth  of  talents  and  industry  like  hi.H,  now  appeared  to  open  upon 
hioi  ;  but  clouds  unexpectedly  arose  before  it.  The  pecuniary  embar- 
rassment of  his  parents  prevented  the  eontinnance  of  the  expense  attendant 
on  his  education.  Duke  Frederick,  Cuvier's  best  protector,  retired  to 
(jeruiany ;  and  his  fairest  hope  of  obtaining  an  independence  was  in  un- 
dertaking the  office  of  a  tutor  in  sonic  nobleman's  family  in  Russia.  To 
that  sevcie  climate  he  did  not  however  feel  inclined  to  migrate,  and  he 
stationed  himself  in  a  Protestant  family  at  Caen,  in  Normandy,  in  July 
1788,  when  not  fjuite  nineteen  years  of  age;  "  briociug  with  him  {says 
Baron  Pastiuter)  from  Germany,  that  love  of  labour,  that  depth  of  reJlec- 
tion,  that  prrscverance,  and  that  uprightness  of  character  from  which  he 
never  swerved."  Thus  residing  with  the  family  of  the  Count  d  Hericy,  he 
ac<piired  the  forms  and  manners  of  the  best  society,  became  acquainted 
with  the  most  remarkable  men  ;  and,  living  near  the  sea,  he  directed  his 
study  of  natural  objects  chiefly  to  marine  animals. 


"It  was  (says  his  biogrnphcr)  at  this 
period  that,  some  terehratnlte  having 
been  dui^  up  near  Fecamp,  fAe  ihouyhl 
ttrufk  him  of  comparhiff /citgH  vilh  re- 
cent spfciex,  am!  tin'  casunl  dissfction  of 
a  specie's  of  tuttle  fish  led  him  to  study 
the  auatoniy  of  DioUuscn,  which  Bfttrr- 
wnrds  cnndiii-tcd  him  to  the  dcvelojie- 
menl  of  his  great  views  on  the  whole  of 
the  animal  kingdom.  The  c1a.*s  '  vermes,' 
8o  called  by  Linnieus,  included  all  the 
inferior  animnls,  and  wiw  left  by  him  in 
a  state  of  the  greatest  confiiHion  :  it  was 
by  those  that  young  Cuvitr  Jirst  distin. 
guished  bimaelf ;  he  examined  their  or* 
gnntzntiim,  cliiHsed  them  into  group<),  and 
arranged  tbem  according  to  their  natural 
afli aides.  A  little  society  met  every 
CTcniag  in  Vatmont,  near  Count  d'lle- 
riryV  residence,  fw  the  purpose  of  dis- 
cuKi^ing  tt^i c lilt uml  topics.  M.  Tessicr. 
who  had  fled  from  the  Reien  of  Terror  nt 
Pvia,  and  who  was  concealed  under  the 
office  of  an  army-aurgeon,  waa  pre:sent  at 
these  meetings,  being  then  quartered  at 
ValmoDt.  He  «poke  so  well,  and  seemed 
lo  mucb  master  of  the  subject,  that  Cuvier 
recognized  him  as  the  author  of  the  urti- 


cles  on  agriculture  in  the  Encyclopedic 
Methodi<[ue.  On  saJuting  him  as  such, 
M.  Tessier,  whose  title  of  Abh<^  had 
rendered  him  suspected  at  Paris,  ex- 
claimed— '  I  am  known  then,  and  con* 
setjuently  lost.' — '  Lost !'  replied  Cuvier  ; 
'  no,  you  are  henceforth  the  object  of  our 
most  anxious  care.'  Tessier  wrote  thus 
to  his  friend  .lussieu,  on  his  first  acquaint* 
ance  with  Cuvier.  *  On  the  sight  of  tliis 
youni^  man,  1  felt  the  same  delight  as 
the  philoso]>her,  who  when  cast  away 
upon  an  unknown  shore,  there  saw  traces 
of  a  geometrical  fipxirc.  M.  Cuvier  is  a 
violet  which  has  hidden  itself  nnder  the 
grass.  He  has  great  ncqairemenls ;  he 
makes  plates  for  your  work,  and  I  have 
lifted  hicn  to  give  us  lectures  this  year 
on  botany.  He  has  promised  so  to  da, 
and  I  congratulate  tny  pupils  at  the  bos- 
pititl  on  his  comphance.  1  ipJetttlou  if 
you  could  find  a  better  comparative  ana- 
tomist, and  he  is  a  pearl  worthy  of  pick- 
ing up.  I  asaisted  you  In  drawing  M. 
Dclnmbre  from  his  retreat,  and  I  beg  you 
to  help  me  in  taking  M.  Cuvier  from 
his  ;  for  he  is  made  for  science  and  the 
world.'" 


I 


^^     relle  c 


Through  M.  Tessier,  Cuvier  entered  into  a  correspondence  with  the 
great  naturalists  St.  Hilaire,  Lacepede,  and  others,  and  through  their  influ- 
ence he  was  called  to  Paris.  In  1"[K>  he  was  appointed  i\leml>er  de  la 
Commission  dcs  .Vrtcs,  and  Professor  of  the  Central  .School  of  the  Par  theon  ; 
for  this  school  he  couipotied  his  '  '1  ableau  elemcntaire  de  rilistoirc  Natu- 
relle  des  Animaux,'  ivhicb  contained  ttc  first  methodical  uriting  on 


454  Life  of  Cutter,  [May, 

due  vermes  that  had  been  given  to  the  world.  Soon  after  this,  M.  Mes- 
tr<Hid  was  appointed  to  the  newly-created  chair  of  Comparative  Anatomy 
at  the  Garden  of  Plants*  and  finding  himself  too  far  advanced  in  years  to 
follow  a  study  foreign  to  his  pursaits,  he  consented  to  associate  Cavier 
with  him  in  his  duties.  This  was  exactly  what  Cuvier  so  long  desired. 
As  soon  as  he  settled  in  the  Garden,  he  sent  for  his  father,  then  eighty 
years  of  age,  and  his  brother ;  his  mother  he  had  lost  in  1 793.  From  the 
moment  of  his  taking  possession  of  his  new  office,  Cuvier  commenced  that 
magnificent  coUection  of  comparative  anatomy,  which  is  now  known  all 
over  the  globe.  In  the  lumber-room  of  the  museum,  vxre  four  or  five  old 
skeletons,  collected  by  M.  DaubetUon,  and  piled  up  there  by  Bufim ;  these 
he  took  as  the  foundation  of  his  collection,  and  then  unceasingly  pursued  his 
•bject. 

"  No  pursuit  (aayt  Mrs.  Lee),  no  re-  from  this  great  purpose ;  and,  created  by 
lazatiott,  no  absence,  no  legiilatiTe  duties,  him,  it  remains  one  of  the  noblest  mo- 
no sorrow,   no  illness,  ever  turned  him     numente  to  his  memory." 

Cuvier  was  made  one  of  the  first  members  of  the  Institute,  and  then 
third  Secretary.  In  1796  he  refused  to  accompany  the  ex|)e<tition  to 
Egypt,  as  one  oi  the  sf  avans ;  believing  that  he  could  be  of  more  benefit 
to  sdence  by  remaining  at  home,  superintending  the  collections  of  the 
Garden,  and  enlarging  and  enriching  his  various  materials  of  science.  M. 
I>nm6nil>  one  of  his  pupils,  asked  permisaon  to  publish  the  notes  he  had 
taken  in  the  lecture-room.  As  these  would  have  made  an  imperfect  work, 
Cnvier  preferred  going  over  the  whole  again.  He  devoted  himself  to  those 
parts  that  treated  of  the  brain  and  of  the  senses ;  and  M.  Dumteil  under- 
took the  details  of  myology  and  neurology.  The  two  first  volumes  of  the 
**  Lemons  d'Anatomie  Compart,"  appeared  in  1800;  the  three  latter, 
which  were  more  methodicid  and  complete,  were  edited  under  the  inspec- 
tion of  M.  Duvemey,  another  of  Cuvier's  pupils,  in  1805  :  the  second 
Tolnme  Cuvier  considered  to  be  the  most  interesting  of  the  whde.  When 
the  celebrated  colleague  of  Buffon  died  in  1800,  Cuvier  was, named  Pro- 
feasor  in  his  place,  at  the  College  de  France,  where  he  taught  Natural 
Philosophy ;  while  he  lectured  on  comparative  anatomy  at  the-  Garden. 
He  resigned  the  chiur  of  the  Central  School  of  the  Pantheon,  in  1 803.  He 
was  appointed  one  of  the  six'  inspectors-general  to  establish  Lyc^es  in 
thirty  towns  of  France.  He  was  also  elected  Secretary  at  the  Institute. 
On  this  appmntment  he  quitted  his  station  of  Inspector-general  of  Edu- 
cation. 

In  1803  he  married  the  widow  of  M.  Davoncel,  Fermier-Gcn^ral,  who 
had  perished  on  the  scaffold  in  1794.  By  this  marriage  he  had  five  chil- 
idren,  all  of  whom,  to  his  great  aflEltction,  he  was  doomed  to  survive :  but  in 
tiie  excellent  partner  of  these  his  sorrows,  in  her  temper,  her  disposition, 
her  good  sense,  and  her  cultivated  mind,  a  store  of  happiness  was  always  in 
reserve  for  him.  In  1 808  he  wrote  a  Report  on  the  Progress  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences from  the  year  1 799, — "  a  treatise,"  Baron  Pasquier  says, "  that  seems 
a  beacon  to  the  path  already  traversed,  and  to  that  which  was  yet  to  be 
pursued."  In  the  same  year  he  was  made  Counsellor  for  Life  to  the  Univer- 
sity, and  charged  with  the  organization  of  the  academies  of  those  Italian 
states  which  were  annexed  to  the  empire ;  he  was  also  commanded,  in 
1810,  to  form  academies  in  Holland  and  the  Hanseatic  towns.  This  year 
appeared  his  great  work  on  Fossil  Remuns, — a  work  that  made  at  once  a 
^reat  revolution  in  the  study  of  geology,  and  showed  the  long  series  of 


1835]  -  Life  of  Cuvier. 

medals  wliicli  Time  Imd  struck,  with  the  successive  dates  her  venerable 
Uand  had  stamped  upon  them.*  He  received  the  title  of  Chevalier  from  tliu 
Emperor,  and  was  sent  to  Kome  to  organize  an  university  in  the  capital  of 
St.  Peter.  Honours  and  rewards  now  followed  thickly  upon  him.  He 
was  appointed  Mattre  des  Requfites  in  the  Council  of  Stat*-,  and  in  1813 
Comniissaire  Imperial  Extraordiuaire,  and  sent  on  the  difficult  and  not 
very  desirahle  mission,  of  endeavouring  to  raise  the  people  who  inhabit  thf 
left  bank  of  the  Riiiue  in  favour  of  France,  He  ^^a3  stopped  at  Nancy 
the  entrance  of  the  allied  armies,  and  obliged  to  return. 

In   !H14  he  was   made  Counsellor  of  State,  a  dignity  which  Louis  t 
Eighteenth  confirmed.     He  was  einplnyed  in  the  temporary  office  of  Com- 
inissaire  du  Itoi,  and  was  suhsequcntly  made  Chancelh>r  of  the  Universi 
From  this  pcricd  he  took  an  active  part  in  the  admiuistrution;,  which  l>e- 
longed   to  the  committee  of  ministers  attached  to  the  Council  of  State. 
Twice  iMi  refused  the  olBce  of  the  directorship  for  life  of  the  Museum  of 
Katurtil  History.     In  1817  a  second  edition  of  the  Fossil  Remains  was 
published,  and  the  Regne  Animal  was  also  brought  before  the  public     I 
1618  he  >i^ited  England,  and  remained  six  weeks.     During  his  stay,  thi 
Westminster  election  took  place,  and  he  was  much  interested  and  arausi 
with  the  scenes  and  the  tumults  of  the  stormy  hustiogs,  and  the  mixtu 
of  the  fioujers  of  eloquence  with  the  other  fiowers  of  the  market,  vvhicl 
•ssisted  in  preserving  the  fermentation  of  public  opinion,  and  confirming  t 
right  of  private  judgment.     Cuvier  was,  as  might  be  expected,  much  d 
lighted  with  his  visit  to  Oxford, — to  Windsor — where  Sir  W,  Herschel  e 
hibited  to  him  the  gigantic  powers  of  hh  telescope,  and  he  enjoyed  th 
tociety  of  his  brother  naturalist.  Sir  Joseph   Banks.      At   Sir  Evera 
Home's,  the  conversation  after  dinner  turned  on  politics ;  some  questi 
was  disputed  ;  Cuvier  said, — '  It   would  be  easy  to  clear  up  the  ptiiut,  if 
Sir  Everard  would  send  to  his  hbrary  for  the  first  volume  of  Blackstoue's 
Commentaries :' — upon  this  Sir  Everard, f  with  great  emphasis,  exclaim 
"  Know,  Monsieur,  that  I  have  not  such  a  book  in  my  library,  which,  than 
God!  only  contains  Avorks  of  science;'" — to  this  Cuvier  quietly  repliedj 
'  The  one  does  not  prevent  the  other  :'  but  he  never  could  recollect  thi 
extraordinary  boast  without  amusement  and  astonishment.     While  he  was 
in  England,  he  was  appointed  to  the  Academic  Frani^aise,  in  consequence 
of  the  Eloges  |  which  he  had  read  in  the  Academy  of  Sciences.     In  181^ 


*  We  take  this  opportnai^  of  restoring  ntolea  propcrtj.     In  more  than  one  mi. 
dero  work  on  geology,  the  different  fosail  animals  have  been  called  the  mtdalt  of  time; 
»  beautiful  rxpression,  which  we  always  sucjiectcU  tf>  be  somewhat  above  Messre.  Man- 
tell  and  Philipsi  aad  Co.     We  found  it  the  other  day  in  itt  uatitt  ltd.     It  occurs 


I 


Fontenelie's  exquisite  eloge  on  M.  LeibnibE :   "  des  coquiUages  p^trifi^S  daus  la  te 
des  pierres  ou  se  trourent  des  empreintes  des  poissons,  ou  des  pUntes,  et  in^me 
poissons,  et  de  plantes  qui  ne  soot  point  du  pays,  midaillet  vnconteMtahln du  dtluge.^* 
V'e  hope  this  9top  /Ai^wtll  do. 

f  A  judicious  and  impartial  review  of  this  very  accomplished  and  acute  professor's 
contributiomi  to  science,  is  very  much  wanting  ;  his  iicket  of  frtt  adtHiu»ior%  to  the 
doors  of  the  Philosophical  Transactions,  neither  did  himself  nor  that  work  much  ser- 
Ticc.     Would  Sir  B.  Brodie  do  for  Home,  what  Home  did  for  Hunter  ? 

J  The  R«'cueil  des  Eluges  Historiques,  by  Cuvier,  is  a  very  interesting  and  enter 
taiaing  work,  though  it  must  yield  (and  what  work  must  not?)  to  Fontenellc's  fi 
Hating  volumes,  in  ingenuity  of  thought  and  graces  of  language  ;  and  to  I)' Alembert'f 
in  exquisite  delicacy  and  refinement  of  philosophical  r^**'  -i-r's  woi' 

excels  them   both,  in  the  truth  and  importance  of  '  ^* 

written  in  fullness  of  knowledge,  and  in  that  gener 
assistant  and  fneod  in  a  riv«l. 


456  l,ife  of  Cuvier.  [M^y, 

lie  was  oflVierl  (he  Ministry  of  the  Interior,  which  he  declined.  In  1819 
he  was  appointed  President  of  theComilt'  de  I'lutericur,  and  Louis  XVIII. 
created  him  a  B,Tron.  In  1H22  lie  areefited  the  grand  mnstership  of  the 
faculties  of  Protestant  TlieoIojBV  ;  ho  oHieiatcd  as  one  of  the  president*  of 
the  Couueil  of  Stutc  at  the  coronation  of  Charles  X.  in  I  c<2C ;  he 
received  the  declaraliou  of  the  Legion  of  Honour,  and  at  the  same  time 
from  Wirtembeffi;  the  order  of  'hat  crown  ;  in  1H27,  the  mnTia^cmeut  de- 
volved on  him  of  all  the  aflairs  beloriffin^;  to  the  different  religions  in 
France,  except  the  Catholic.  Biit  in  the  full  tide  of  honourable  prf»S|>erity. 
the  liand  of  Providence  inflicted  on  him  the  heaviest  blow  that  (for  his 
benefit)  he  h  as  ever  doomed  to  suffer,  in  the  In8s  of  his  beautifnl,  his  ac- 
complished, his  excellent,  and  alas  !  his  only  daughter ;  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
two,  and  at  the  very  time  in  which  ihe  bridal  lamp  was  lit,  and  the  bridal 
wreath  was  alwut  to  be  entwined  in  her  hair.  This  was  a  calaoiity,  for 
less  the  children  of  the  enrth  can  not  deem  it,  from  which  he  never  re- 
covered. "  It  was  related  by  an  eye-witness,  that  at  the  first  sitting  of  the 
Coniitc  de  I'lntcricur  at  which  he  pre'-idcd  after  this  event,  and  from 
which  he  had  absented  himself  for  two  months,  he  resumed  the  chair 
with  a  ftrm  and  placid  expression  of  countenance  ;  he  li.stened  to  the  di«- 
cnasions  of  tho«c  present  j  but  when  it  became  his  own  turn  to  speak. 
his  finnncss  abandoned  him,  and  his  first  ivords  were  intcrrnpted  by  tears. 
The  illustrious  legislator  gave  way  to  the  bereaved  father,  he  Iwwed  hit 
head,  covered  his  face  with  his  hands,  and  whs  heard  to  sob  bitterly.  A 
respectful  and  profound  fiifeiice  was  observed  throtigh  the  whole  asMembly. 
All  jncsent  had  known  Clementine,  and  therefore  all  could  uuderstand  tlie 
parent's  deep  Cftjotion.  At  length  Cuvier  raised  liis  head,  and  nttered 
these  fe**'  simple  words — '  Pardon  me,  gentlemen,  I  was  a  father,  and 
have  lust  all;'  tlien  with  a  violent  effort  he  resnined  the  business  of  tbe 
day  with  his  usual  iterspiciiity,  and  pronounced  judgment  with  bis  ordi- 
nary coolness  and  clearness  of  mind." 

In  1H2()  appeared  the  fir?t  of  a  series  of  twenty  volumes  on  Icthyology, 
and  a  second  edition  of  the  Ri^ic  Aniraal  wa.s  published  in  l^'SO.  In 
\S'M)  he  ojK'ued  a  conrse  of  lectures  on  the  history  and  pn^gress  of  science 
in  all  nges.  In  the  same  venr  he  paid  a  stfcond  visit  to  Ijondnn,  (when  the 
last  revolution  took  jdace,')  which  had  been  for  .some  time  delayed  by  the 
death  of  tiaron  Foiirnier.  On  tlie  publication  of  the  famous  ordonnances 
of  <  harles  the  Tenth,  an  universal  silence  in  public  was  presen-ed,  a*  if 
the  first  persofi  who  ventured  to  talk  about  thcio,  was  to  set  fire  to  a  tmiii 
of  giinfMmder.  Kwn  ('uvitr.  though  so  clear-sighted  on  all  other  occa- 
sions, was  taken  by  gurpri.se  in  thii  instance,  and  partook  of  the  general 
opinion,  that  this  stroke  of  policy  on  the  part  of  the  state,  would  lead  to 
a  lengthened  resistance  of  taxes,  and  to  partial  disturbances,  but  not  to 
any  violent  crisis  ;  and  deceived,  as  many  were,  by  the  profound  tTan* 
quillity  which  reigned  in  ever)'  part  of  the  capital,  he  started  for  England 
on  the  Bp]H>inted  day.  Five  hours,  five  short  hours  only,  after  his  car- 
riage had  passed  the  barrier,  the  firing  commenced  in  Paris,  and  he  and 
his  daughtei-in-law  quietly  pursued  their  route  by  easy  stages  ;  they  were 
overtaken  on  the  road  near  Bouk»gnc,  by  the  flying  English,  who  gave  them 
vague  reports;  and  they  passed  on  to  meet  their  letters  at  Calais.  Therv 
after  two  days  of  the  dee|>est  anxiety,  during  which  time  they  had  formed 
twenty  pr«ijrct»  for  immediate  return,  and  were  as  often  detained,  by  th« 
certainty  of  not  being  able  to  re-enter  Paris,  or  even  proceed  on  the  road 
liark,  with  passports  dated  in  the  month  of  Mav«  and  leave  of  ftbcenctf 
1 


4 


1835.]  Life  of  Cuvirr. 

BJgned  by  llie  liand  of  Charles  the  Tenth,  they  at  once  received 

of  the  RcvolutioH  and  the  restoration  to  fieace. 

'I'he  power  of  asking  leave  of  absence,  uuder  such  mi  accumulation  of 
duties  as  opprcseed  Cuvier,  was  so  rare,  his  time  was  bo  precious  to  himself^ 
and  the  assurances  of  perfect  triuiquiHity  in  Paris,  combined  with  the 
safety  of  those  w  horo  he  loved,  were  so  decided,  that  he  and  Matdemoiselle 
Duvancei  determined  on  proceeding  to  England.  Instead,  however,  of 
making  a  stay  of  six  weeks,  as  at  first  ititeuded,  they  returned  in  a  fort- 
night ;  aud  to  the  happiness  of  those  around  him,  M.  Cuvier  found  himself 
under  the  government  of  the  Citizen- King,  in  possession  of  all  his  honours, 
his  dignities,  and  his  jmp(>rtatit  functions.  In  ]H32  he  was  made  a  Peer 
of  France,  and  the  appointment  of  President  to  the  entire  Council  of 
State  only  waited  for  the  royal  signature,  when  on  the  thirteenth  day  of 
May  of  the  same  year  the  earthly  career  of  this  illustrious  man  of  science 
was  closed. 

Of  Cuvier's  industry  and  application  when  young  we  have  already 
spoken  ;  and  of  the  rapid  advances  which  he  was  thus  enabled  to  make  in 
bis  favourite  sciences.*  In  this  he  was  assisted  by  his  great  facility  in 
designing.  His  anatomical  drawings  are  beautiful  and  accurate.  Often 
when  lecturing  he  would  turn  to  the  board  behind  him,  and  with  the  chalk 
in  his  hand,  s[)eaking  all  the  time,  he  would  rapidly  sketch  the  substance  of 
his  discourse  ;  sometimes  beginning  at  the  tail,  aud  accurately  proportioniug 
every  part  with  precision  and  preservation  of  character.  Possessing  such 
ability  in  design,  it  followed  that  he  could  not  but  be  fond  of  the  art  of 
painting  ;  from  the  Cartoons  at  Hampton-Court  he  could  hardly  be  sepa- 
rated :  no  artisi  ever  delighted  in  the  beauties  of  this  great  painter  more 
thau  Cuvier.  When  at  Home,  he  was  employed  in  intently  studying  the  _ 
works  of  tliose  great  masters  of  the  art,  ancient  and  modern,  with  which  ■ 
this  city,  above  all  others,  is  enriched — the  few  jewels  that  still  hang  ™ 
around  her  aged  brow, — aud  when  accusrd  of  want  of  curiosity  in  not  ex- 
tending his  journey  to  Naples — "  I  should  not  there  have  found  the  Va- 
tican,' was  his  reply.  He  was  much  attached  to  Sir  Thomas  Laurence 
personally,  and  aditiired  his  works.  Indeed,  one  main  purpose  of  Cuvier's 
second  journey  to  Ivnglaud  was  to  sec  tlie  exhibition  of  paintings  by  that 
acconiplished  person  -,  an  exhibition  most  honourable  tn  his  country  and 
to  himself.  His  admiration,  however,  was  not  narrow  or  confined  ;  he  loved 
to  gaze  upon  the  areiiitecttiral  glories  which  the  gcnins  of  Martin  piles 
up  ;  the  marble  towers  whose  gigantic  altitudes  pierce  the  skies,  and  then 

*  On  CuTier't  R^fne  Animal  (the  Sfstema  Naturce  of  this  xn),  see  Mr.  M'Lmj'i 
Horv  Entomologicc,  p.  3^6,  in  which  that  otninent  uaturoJij^t  observes,  '  that  Cuvier 
waJ  notoriously  deticient  in  the  powrrt\f  legitimale  and  mtuiliee  generalizalinn  in  ar- 
Tonging  the  animal  terir*;^  and  Mr.  Swoinson  obserrt-s,  '  that  uo  person  of  such  trao- 
Bceiidant  talents  and  ingenuity,  ever  made  5u  little  a«e  of  hiii  obscrvationa  towardn  a 
natural  arran^ment  aa  M.  Cuvier.'  In  1*J0,  C.  L.  Bonaparte,  one  of  the  first 
zuologiats  in  Europe,  published  some  severe  obserxadons  on  Cuvier's  omitholo^. 
Mr.  Swain»OD  observes  that  '  if  the  fiunr  of  Cuvier  rested  ud  his  taleuts  a^  a  suologist, 
or  u  a  chuuifier,  that  fame  would  not  outLve  tb«  present  day,  for  his  system  has  b«eu 
shaken  to  itis  very  foundation.  No  !  it  la  the  transceDd&nt  genius  he  has  shown  as  a 
Scolo^!«t  and  comparative  anatomist,  in  his  ttplendid  theories  and  fossil  investigations, 
that  will  per]>etiiate  hiij  name  so  long  as  those  scieuces  are  ctiltivated  :  aud  they  will 
be  mentioned  with  admiration,  when  the  R^g  neAnimal,  for  all  purposes  of  phiioso- 
|)hic  or  natural  arrangeuieut,  will  serve  only,  like  the  Systema  Natunr,  to  mark  the 
period  of  a  by-i;«iie  lera."  Mr.  Swaiuson  makes  some  remarlcs  on  the  cold  spirit  of 
innlcrialism  that  attaches  to  some  of  the  greatest  names  in  modem  zoology  which 
France  has  produced. 

Gekt.  Mag.  Vol.111.  3  N 


458  Lt/i  of  Cuvkr.  May, 

Aiose  ever  blooming  waHs  of  Paradise  which  seem  to  stretch  away  into  far 
distant  and  interminable  regions  of  delight.  He  used  to  pass  hoars  in  the 
British  Gallery,  and  he  possessed  tb6  power  of  catting  oat  on  pasteboard 
or  paper  whatever  subject  excited  his  attention.  Covier  conversed  flu- 
ent^ in  Italian  and  German,  and  often  regretted  his  inability  of  speaking 
^e  English  langnage.  Here  his  daiqphter  acted  as  an  able  interpreter ; 
his  knowledge  of  dead  kngnages,  meaning  the  Greek  and  Latin,  (neither 
of  which,  by  the  bye,  were  ever  deadj  was  very  considerable  for  a  naturalist^ 
for  a  man  whose  life  had  been  dedicated  to  science  ;  and  was  a  source  of 
■inch  enjoyment  to  him.  He  was  also  distinguished  for  his  very  accurate 
snd  extensive  knowledge  of  heraldry;  indeed  his  indastry  always  sup* 
ported  his  abilities,  and  his  attainments  were  unvsually  extensive.  In 
eompany,  Cuvier's  grave  and  absent  air  was  often  mistaken  for  coldness 
md  indifference ;  but  a  little  acqnuntance  with  him  made  evident  the 
benevolence  of  his  heart,  and  the  mnocent  gmety  of  his  disposition.  No 
one  enjoyed  a  ladicrons  circumstance  more  than  he  did ;  no  one  laughed 
more  at  a  comedy.  A  ridicolons  afterpiece  was  at  one  time  represented 
at  Paris,  called  '  La  voyage  k  Dieppe,'  in  which  the  Professors  of  the 
Jardin  des  Plantes  were  brought  forward  in  the  most  amusing  way:  and 
tnch  was  Cuvier's  uncontrollable  risiblKtv  at  its  performance  one  evening, 
tiiat  the  many-headed  monsters  of  the  pit  several  times  called  oat  to  him 
to  be  silent.  His  nerves  were  irritable,  and  his  temper  hasty,  tmt  easily 
■ad  quietly  brought  back  within  the  control  of  reason  ;  he  was  impatient 
in  all  that  regarded  the  value  of  time,  and '  Depechez-vous  done*  was  a  sen- 
tence often  in  his  mouth.  This,  however,  was  a  defect,  a  flaw  merely  on 
tibe  surface.  He  possessed,  says  M.  Lanrillard,  in  the  highest  degree,  the 
patience  which  has  been  said  to  be  always  necessary  for  the  discovery  of 
some  important  truth  ;  and  which,  according  to  Bufibn  and  Cavier  htm> 
■elf,  constitutes  the  genius  of  a  well-ordered  mind.  No  labour,  however 
minute— no  researches,  however  curious  and  abstruse— ever  irritated  him, 
when  he  believed  them  to  be  requisite  for  the  attainment  of  his  object : 
and  this  patience  was  half  a  virtue  in  that  man  whose  blood  would  boil  at 
a  false  reasoning  or  a  sophism :  who  could  not  listen  to  a  few  pages  of  a 
book  that  taught  nothing,  or  a  book  that  bore  the  marks  of  prejudice  or 
passion,  without  feeling  the  greatest  irritation  :  and  so  far  did  he  carry 
BIS  patient  investigation,  that  he  even  examined  the  minutest  details  of 
those  elementary  books  which  were  to  further  instruction,  and  he  directed 
the  construction  of  several  geographical  maps  of  M.  Silves,  himself  colour- 
ing the  models. 

In  person,  Cuvier  was  moderately  tall,  and  in  his  youth  slight ;  but  the 
sedentary  nature  of  his  life  indocml  corpulence,  and  his  near-sightedness 
made  him  stoop.  His  hur,  that  had  been  Kght,  and,  as  his  /on*  biographer 
observes,  iAxht  picturesquely  curled,  in  latter  years  was  grey.  The  immense 
portion  of  brain  in  his  heiad  was  remariced  by  Gall  and  Spurzheim,  as  be« 
yond  what  they  had  ever  beheld— nui  opinion  confirmed  after  death.  His 
features  were  regular  and  handsome :  the  nose  aquiline,  the  mouth  full  of 
benevolence,  the  forehead  most  ample,  and  his  eyes  sparkled  with  intellect 
and  expression.  The  portrsut  of  him  by  Mr.  Pickersgili  is  the  most  ap- 
proved of  all  for  its  resemUance.  His  great  love  (tf  order  was  carried  to  the 
minutiseof  his  dress,  which  was  always  adjusted  with  care.  He  even  designed 
the  patterns  of  the  embroidery  of  his  Court  and  Institute  coats ;  he  invented 
all  the  costumes  of  the  Univerity,  and  drew  the  model  for  the  uniform  of  the 
Council.    The  buildings  in  the  Menagerie  and  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes, 


1833.] 


Life  of  Cavier, 


459 


were  designcrJ  by  him  ;  and  tlie  new  wing  of  the  Museum,  wliicli  joiii6  the 
corps  de  garde,  was  added  by  his  orders. 

C'livier's  mantiers  were  |ioIislied  and  courteous  ;  formed  after  those  of  the 
old  regime  :  aud  when  he  was  «hy,  or  not  well-iileascd,  they  were  formidably 
Rtately.     Towards  fetualee  lie   was,  as   we  trust  ail  uien  of  science  and 
learuiag  are,  very  polite  and  attentive,     lu  his  social  or  solitary  walks,  his 
curiosity  was  always  atvake.     *'  In  an  evening  stroll  in  the  Jardin,  (says 
Mrs-  Lee.)   his  attention  was  attracted  by  tlie  brilliant  a|)pearaiice  of  the 
coreoptis  tindoria,   tlicn  new  in  France,  atiil  which  lie  saw  for  the  first 
time  during  this  ramble.     He  in  vain  iiHjuircd  the  name  of  its,  and  we 
contiuued  our  walk.     Oti  returning  tu  the  house,  he  quitted  us  at  the 
<loor,  and  iu  about  half  ati  hour  came  back,  aud  stopping  au  instant,  as  he 
descended   from   the  carriage,  he  said,  '  Ladies,  I  have  been  to  Mons, 
Deleuzc,  a  learned  botanist  of  the  Jardin,  and  asecrtarued  the  name  of  the 
flower/     He  theu  gave  its  geuus,  species,  country,  and  the  reason  of  its 
&p[)ellatiou,  and,  making  bis  bow^  retired,  perfectly  happy  with  the  know- 
ledge he  had  acquired  and  im]>arted."     He  sometimes  proposed  parties  to 
€at  ices  at  the  cafes,  and  enjoyed  the  hearty  mirth  aud    tiumely  dances 
of  the  guingettcs.     His   breakfast   (for  no  tircunistance  relating  to  the 
labits  of  such  a  man  are  without  interest)  took  |)lace  generally  at  ten  ; 
but  he  always  rose  at  seven,  or  Ix-fore,  and  prepared  his  papers  for  the 
day,  arranged  his  occupations,  and  even  received  his  visitors.     His  usual 
practice   was  to  read   the  newspapers  as  be  ate  his  breakfast ;   he  then 
dressed,  and  was  ready  for  his  numerous  occupations,     ^\'hen  Director  of 
the  (xarden,  be  would  take  his  way  amongst  the  trees  to  the  Museum  of 
iS'atural  History,  followed  by  secretaries,  aide-naturalists,  students,  bear- 
ing the  treasures  which  had  just   been  fuiishcd  in  their  stulling  labora- 
torieit,  and  \vhicli  were  then  arranged  iu   their  cases.     His  carriage  was 
ready  at   the  time,  and  no  one  was  allowed  to  keep  him  waiting.     'Hie 
instant  he  bad  given  his  orders,  be  thrust  himself  into  a  corner,  and  began 
reading  or  writing  j  but  begged  the  ladies  to  go  on  talking  as  much  as  (key 
found  convenient:   a  permission  of   which    they  gcueralJy  availed  them- 
selves.    Before  dinner,  he  would  occasionally  give  a  few  minutes  to  the 
family,  by  joining  the  party  in  Madame  Cuviei's  room  i  at  the  souud — 
j         *'  Madame  est  servie" — he  would  offer  his  arm  to  his  wife,  and  leading  her 
to  her  seat,  all  gathered  round  them  at  this  unec  happy  table.     Oiv  pror 
oeediag  to  the  drawing-room,  M.  Cuvier  would  occasionally  gratify  ihos^i 
present  by  an  hour's  stay  before  he  retired  to  his  occupations,  or  paid  hif  1 
visits.     Somcttmea  he  tvould  produce  old  books  which  lie  had  Fx^ught  ati 
the  stalls  on  the  Quais  j  or  when  he  received  M.  Champolbon's  letter|[| 
L        from  Egy|)t,  he  would  verify  the  descriptions  of  the  antitpiar)'  step  by  stej 
^K  with  the  great  book  published  ou   the  subject.     He  was   never  weary 
^H  research :  his  thirst  for  knowledge  took   an  unbounded  range,  and  tho' 
^Hnnveiitions  of  other  countries  were  as  dear  to  bim  as  his  own.     He   was 
^V  much  interested  in    the  success  of  the  Thames  'J'unnel ;  indeed,  every 
thing  connected  with  science  and  literature  was  a  subject  of  inquirj-  with 
him.     He   knew  exactly   the  arrangement  aud  expenses  of  the  British 
.Museum  :  and  it  may  perhaps  excite  a  smile,  when  we  hear,  that  while  he 
was  sitting  for  his  |>ortrait,  he  had  "  The  Fortunes  of  Nigel"  read  to  him, 
ith  a  Map  of  Loudon   on  hit    ktiees,   occasionally   to    consult.      When 
tired  of  study,  he  used  in  the  evening  to  throw  himself  on  the  sofa,  whito 
liis  wife  and  daughter  read  to  him.     He  appeared  to  enre  very  little  fq 
money;  and,  indeed,  the  small  sum  which  he  left  at  his  de^ilh  proved  tbi^t' 


k. 


j«j^ 


460  Li/i  of  Otvier.  [May, 

€bt  desire  of  makinfa  fortnne  had  never  broken  into  the  pannits  of  the 
man  of  science.  The  first  naturalUt  m  Europe  died  worth  about  four 
thousand  pounds.* 

The  assemblies  of  Baron  Curier  took  place  every  Saturday  evening  : 
and  all  ranks  and  parties — princes,  peers,  cUpIomatists,  s^avans.  students, 
united  to  form  the  illustrious  group.  Cnvier  received  strangers  with  polite- 
ness, and  was  delighted  to  converse  with  them  on  their  favourite  subjects 
of  inquiry.  The  only  thing  that  stopped  him  was  an  Englishman  not 
being  able  to  speak  French.  A  few  more  intimate,  or  more  attentive  than 
the  rest,  stout  to  a  slight  refreshment.  Tales  were  related,  travels  re- 
counted, works  of  art  criticized :  Cnvier  would  reserve  himself  to  the  last, 
and  then  narrate  something  which  crowned  the  whole.  One  evening  the 
various  signs  placed  over  the  shop-doors  in  Paris  were  discussed ;  their 
origin  and  uses  described.  Theu  came  the  things  themselves.  Of  course 
the  most  absurd  were  chosen :  and  last  of  all,  M.  Cnvier  said  he  knew  of 
a  boot-maker  who  had  caused  a  large  and  ferocious  looking  lion  to  be 
painted,  in  the  act  of  tearing  a  b<M>t  to  pieces  with  his  teeth.  This  was 
pat  over  his  door,  with  the  motto,  "  On  pent  me  decbirer,  mais  jamus  me 
d^coudre."  I  was  in  Paris,  says  Mrs.  Lee,  when  the  celebrated  picture  of 
Pygmalion  and  the  Statue  were  exhibiting  at  the  Louvre.  It  caused  a 
general  sensation.  Epigrams  and  impromptus  were  made  upon  it,  without 
end.  Wreaths  of  flowers  and  crowns  of  bays  were  hung  upon  it }  so  that  it 
became  an  universal  theme  of  conversation.  Among  other  topics,  it  wasone 
evening  introduced  at  M.  Cnvier's ;  when  M.  Broughart,  the  mineralogist, 
found  fault  with  the  flesh,  which  be  said  was  too  transparent.  Humboldt 
Directed  to  the  general  tone  of  the  picture,  which  he  sud  looked  as  if  lighted 
vp  with  modem  gas.  M.  de  Prony,  a  Director  of  the  School  of  Engineers, 
found  fault  with  the  plinth ;  and  many  gave  their  opinion  in  like  manner, 
each  pointing  out  the  faults  that  seemed  to  strike  him  in  this  celebrated 
performance.  After  which,  Cnvier  said  that  the  thumb  of  Pygmalion  was 
not  properly  drawn,  and  would  require  an  additional  joint  to  those  given 
foy  nature,  for  it  to  appear  in  the  position  selected  by  the  painter.  Upon 
this  M.  Biot,  the  mathematician  and  natural  philosopher,  who  remmned 
silent  all  the  time,  with  mock  solemnity  summed  up  the  whole,  showing 
that  every  one  had  been  more  or  less  influenced  by  his  peculiar  vocation 
or  private  pursuit ;  and  concluded  by  sa3ring,  that  he  had  no  doubt  but  that 
every  one  of  them,  if  they  met  Girodet  the  next  day,  would  congratulate 
him  on  the  perfect  picture  which  he  had  produced.  On  these  evenings, 
one  or  two  old  or  particularly  cherished  friends  would  remain  talking  after 
the  rest  had  taken  their  departure.  The  hours  passed,  the  clock  would 
strike  two  before  the  little  coterie  thought  of  separating ;  and  even  tlien 
Cuvier  would  say,  "  Nay,  gentlemen,  don't  be  in  such  a  hurry — it  is  quite 
early." 

These  pleasing  recreations  of  the  man  of  genius  and  science,  these 
<mtimi  dies  vitas,  were  all  broken  up  by  the  early  death,  to  which  we  alluded, 
of  the  daughter  whom  be  so  tenderly  loved,  and  so  unceasingly  deplored. 
Her  motlter  soon  after  followed  her  to  the  grave.  Deprived  of  them, 
Cnvier's  bereaved  affections  turned  for  support  to  his  daughter-in-law, 

*  The  first  philoupher  of  Europe,  Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge,  appeara  to  hare 
di«d  worth  about  three  thouaand  ponnda  in  money;  bat  how  rich  in  Chriatian 
ftdth  and  love,  those  who  have  their  treasure  on  earth  would  find  it  difScalt  to  say : 
how  rich  in  thought  and  learning,  we  hope  still  to  know,  for  not  a  word  of  this  great 
""T,  th*t  can  be  recovered,  should  be  lost. 


1835.] 


Life  of  Cvvier, 


49\ 


Mademoiselle  Duraucel,  whose  amlnble  and  affectionate  disposition  need 
no  proof,  and  whose  conversation  is  described  as  the  most  fascinating  und 
brilliant  that  perhaps  ever  Honed  from  a  woman's  lips.  M'hen  stopping 
in  London,  one  of  Cuvicr's  first  walks,  after  his  arrival,  was  to  see  all  the 
new  caricatures  in  the  shop-windows,  of  which  he  possessed  a  voluminous 
collection.  He  considered  them  as  curious  documents  of  the  moral  and 
jwlitical  history  of  certain  p<^rio<^l5  ;  and  often,  in  ronversntion,  he  would 
cite  various  circumstances  stamped  on  his  recollections  by  the  sight  of  an 
English  caricature.  To  tlie  British  Museum  he  was  a  frequent  visitor. 
He  went  to  Richmond  ;  the  splendour  of  whose  scenery  he  had  oftea 
heard  mentioned.  The  day  was  rather  stormy,  but  with  intervals  of  bright- 
uess,  which  added  to  the  effect  of  the  scene.  He  observed,  when  he  saw 
sachasky  over  such  a  country,  that  he  could  not  wonder  at  the  perfection 
to  which  the  English  had  curried  their  landscapes  in  water  colours.  He 
rose  at  six,  visited  on  foot  various  parts  of  London  which  he  had  never 
before  seen  ;  then  returning  to  breakfiist,  he  entered  hid  carriage  with  Ills 
companion,  and  went  to  the  Parks,  exhibitions,  collections,  &c.  Though 
London  was  not  full  at  the  time  of  his  visit,  he  received  tilt  honours  due 
to  talent  from  an  unexpected  quarter — notus  et  tonsorthus: — During  the 
absence  of  his  valet,  he  sent  for  a  barber  to  shave  him.  The  operatioa 
being  finished,  Cuvier  offered  to  pay  the  rcfjuisite  sum;  but  the  enlight- 
ened operator,  who  happened  to  be  a  (Jascon,  bowed,  and  positively  refused 
the  money,  saying,  with  his  couiie  accent,  he  was  too  much  honoured,  by 
shaving  the  greatest  man  of  the  age,  to  receive  any  recompence.  At  this 
time  the  health  of  Cu\ierwas  unimpaired  ;  his  intellectual  faculties  never 
more  brilliant;  and  teinpeniuce  had  preserved  hiin  at  the  age  of  sixty-two, 
in  the  vigour  of  an  age  much  le^s  iidvanced.  He  had  still  projects  iit  view. 
His  intention  was  to  revise  all  his  works,  and  put  them  on  a  footing  with 
the  last  discoveries,  and  then  deduce  from  them  the  general  principles 
which  emanated  from  such  a  collection  of  facts.  His  devotion  to  his 
studies  was  continued  perhaps  more  closely  than  ever.  At  this  time  tbo 
cholera  was  raging  around  him  ;  and,  to  add  to  the  horrors  of  pestilence, 
the  political  horizon  was  dark  with  storms.  From  them  he  sought  refuge 
in  his  study,  excluding  himself  from  all  society  but  that  of  his  family. 

On  Tuesday,  the  Hth  of  May,  he  opened  the  third  and  concluding 
ptirt  of  his  Lectures  on  the  History  of  Science.  He  pointed  out 
what  remained  for  him  to  say  on  the  earth  and  its  changes,  and 
Announced  his  intention  of  unfolding  his  own  manner  of  viewing  the  J 
present  «tatc  of  creation.  On  the  same  day  be  attended,  as  usual,  | 
a  Council  of  Administration  in  the  Jardin  des  Plantes,  and  bestowed 
his  last  cares  on  that  immense  establishment.  During  the  evening 
he  fflt  a  pain  and  numbue«s  on  his  right  arm,  which  he  supposed 
proceeded  from  rheumatism.  On  Wednesday,  the  9th,  he  presided  over 
the  Committee  of  the  Interior  with  his  wonted  activity  ;  but  at  dinner  he 
felt  some  dithculty  in  swallowing,  and  the  numbness  increased.  Never 
can  the  look  and  the  inquiry  which  he  directed  to  his  nephew  be  furgotten* 
when  be  found  that  the  bread  would  not  pass  down  his  thioat ;  nor  the 
slf-possessiou  with  which  he  said,  as  he  sent  his  phite  to  Madame  Cuvier, 
Then  1  must  eat  more  soup,"  in  order  to<|uiet  the  alarm  visible  in  the 
countenances  of  those  present.  An  application  of  leeches  was  madi 
without  benefit:  the  next  day  both  arms  were  seized,  and  the  paralysis  ol 
the  pharynx  was  complete.  He  was  then  bled,  but  without  benefit ;  am 
from  that  moment  he  was  aware  of  what  was  to  follow.     With  great  calm- 


I 
I 


n, 

tie  _ 


J 


462 


Life  of  Cavier, 


[May, 


ness  lie  ordered  his  ulll  to  be  made,  and  had  it  witnessed,  Tbe  malady 
increased  during  the  night.  Emetics  were  administered  through  a  tube, 
but  all  failed.  Friday  was  passed  in  ho|)elcss  attempts  to  subjugate  the 
evil.  In  the  evening  the  paralysis  attticked  the  legs  ;  his  speech  became 
afifected  :  he  jwinted  out  the  seat  of  his  disorder, — '*  Ce  Bout  lea  ucrfs  de 
la  voloDte  qui  sout  malades ;"  and  he  was  still  able  to  converse  with  his 
friends,  atid  was  moved  from  the  bed-room  to  the  saloon.  Among  other 
numerous  and  anxious  enquirers  came  M.  Pasquier,  whom  he  had  seen  on 
the  memorable  Tuesday.  *'  Behold,"  he  said,  "  a  very  diflfereot  pereoa 
to  the  man  of  Tuesday — of  Saturday-  Nevertheless,  I  had  great  tkiagt 
still  to  do.  All  are  ready  in  my  head.  After  thirty  years  of  labour  and 
research  there  remuned  but  to  write,  and  now  the  bands  fail,  and  carry 
with  them  the  head."  In  the  eveuiug  fever  showed  itself,  and  coutioued 
all  night.  The  bronchiae  became  affected,  and  it  was  feared  that  tbtt 
lungs  would  soon  follow.  On  Sunday  he  slept,  but  complained  of  incohe- 
rent dreams  ;  at  two,  only  a  part  of  the  luiiga  was  in  action,  and  the  pby< 
sicians  prepared  to  cauterize  the  vertebrte  of  the  neck  j,  but  he  was  spared 
the  torture,  aild  leeches  and  cupping  \\  ere  all  to  which  they  had  recourse. 
The  man  of  science  was  consiateitt  to  the  last :  during  tlie  application  of  the 
latter,  Cuvier  observed,  *'  that  it  was  he  who  bad  discovered  that  leeches 
possessed  red  blood."  He  predicted  that  the  last  cuppiug  would  hasten 
his  end  ;  and  when  raised  frojn  the  posture  necessary  for  the  o)>eratioi>, 
lie  asiked  for  a  glass  of  temouade  to  aioistcn  his  mouth  ;  he  gave  the  rest 
to  his  daughter-in-law,  saying,  that  it  was  delightful  to  see  those  he  loved 
still  able  to  swallow.  His  respiration  became  more  and  more  rapid  ;  he 
raised  bis  head,  and  then  lettiug  it  fall  resigned  his  soul  into  his  Creator! 
hands.  Those  tvlio  entered  afterwards  would  liave  thought  that  the  baiu* 
tifol  old  man,  seated  in  his  arm-chair  by  the  hre-place,  was  asleep,  and 
would  have  walked  softly  across  the  room  for  fear  of  disturbing  him ;  lo 
tittle  did  his  calm  and  serene  countenance  indicate  that  death  bad  laid  his 
hand  upon  it. 

In  the  same  year,  says  his  biographer,  Germany  lost  her  Go€tbe,  France 
was  deprived  of  ChampoUion,  Casimir  Perier,  and  Kemusat  j  Great  Britain 
of  Scott  and  Leslie :  though  the  preceding  year  had  been  her  greatest 
trial,  when  she  was  deprived  of  Da\'y,  of  ^V'ollaston,  and  Young. 

Cuvier  desired  to  be  buried  without  ceremony  in  the  cemetery  of  P^ie 
la  Chaiie,  under  the  tombstone  which  covered  his  daughter :  but  all  due 
honoars  were  shown  by  a  nation  grateful  for  the  benehts  which  his  great 
talents,  his  well-directed  studies,  his  impurtatit  discoveries,  and  his  illus* 
trious  name  had  conferred  upon  her.  A  iiionuraeittEil  statue  is  to  be  erected 
ID  the  Jardin  dcs  Plantcs  ;  another  at  Montbetliard  ;  and  marble  busts  of 
bitn  are,  by  order  of  the  King,  lo  be  placed  in  the  Institute  and  the  Gal- 
lery of  Anatomy>  Many  of  his  places,  says  his  biographer,  remain  an- 
iillcd;  as  if  those  who  would  otherwise  be  candidates  were  afraid  of  the 
xootest  This  one  man  held  them  all ;  rigidly  performed  all  their  duties; 
euried  his  enlightened  principles  into  all  his  employments  -,  scorned  do 
detail  which  conld  bear  on  their  improvement ;  saw,  at  one  glance,  tike 
influence  which  their  progress  would  have  over  society  at  large  ;  and  yet, 
while  his  mind  was  hiled  with  these  great  and  general  views,  be  nerer  for 
one  instant  forgot  that  which  belonged  to  his  character  as  a  friend,  a  bus- 
band,  a  brother,  and  a  father ;  or  that  be  had  fellow- creatures  who  needed 
kit  assistance. 

Wc  would  Donr  enter  with  delight  into  a  consideration  of  hict  more  \mr 


n 


m 


1U35.]  Mackhitoth's  Character  of  Mr.  Canning,  463 

portjint  works,  particularly  thnt  on  which  his  fame  as  a  man  of  sagacity, 
comprcliunsiont  Hiid  kmiwlcdgc,  is  built — ive  mean  his  great  work  on 
FoBsil  lieology;  but  we  have  no  room,  and  most  reluctantly  defer  our 
pleasing  task  to  anotlier  opportunity.  Aa  we  look  back  on  the  tneuiory  of 
him  whose  life  we  have  so  briefly  sketched,  we  are  inclined  to  apply  the 
words  to  him  which  he  himself  nsed,  when  speaking  of  another  illustrious 
pliiUisoplier  deceased :  "  11  est  mort  plein  de  jours  et  de  gloire,  cheri 
de  ses  emules,  respect*;  de  Li  generation  qull  avait  instniitc,  celebr*:  dans 
r£itroi>e  savante,  offerant  k  la  fois  au  monde  le  module  accompli  de  ce 
que  tous  les  Havans  devraient  ttre,  et  Texemple  touchant  du  bonheur  dont 
ils  devraie  n  t  jo  ui  r . " 

HISTORICAL  CHARACTERS.  By  SIR  JAMES  MACKINTOSH. 
iContiHttf4  from  p.  359.) 
Right  Hox.  George  Canning. 
TuE  family  of  Mr.  Canning,  which'for  more  than  half  a  century  had 
filled  honourable  stations  in  Irrlnnd,  was  n  younger  branch  of  an  ancient 
faraily  luiiong  the  EngHsb  gentry.  His  father,  a  man  of  letters,  -was  dis- 
inherited forau  imprudent  marriage,  and  tlie  inheritance  went  to  a  younger 
brother,  whose  sou  was  afterwards  created  Lord  (iarvagh.  Mr.  Canning 
was  educated  at  Eton  and  Oxford,  according  to  that  exclusively  classical 
system,  which,  whatever  may  have  been  its  defects,  must  be  owned,  when 
taken  with  its  couittant  appendages,  to  be  eminently  favourable  to  the  cul- 
tivation of  sense  and  tjiste,  aa  well  as  to  the  developcraent  of  wit  and  spirit. 
From  his  boyhood,  he  was  the  foremost  among  many  distingmshed  con- 
temporaries, and  continued  to  be  regarded  as  the  best  specimen  and  most 
brilliant  representative  of  that  eminently  national  education.  His  youthful 
eye  sparkled  wk(U  quickness  and  arch  pleasantr)',  and  his  countenance 
early  betrayed  that  jealousy  of  his  own  dignity,  and  sensibility  to  suspected 
disregard,  which  were  afterwards  softened,  but  never  quite  subdued. 
Neither  the  habits  of  a  great  school,  nor  those  of  a  popular  assembly, 
were  calculated  to  weaken  his  lot'c  of  praise  and  passion  for  distinction. 
But  aa  he  advanced  in  years,  his  fine  countenance  was  enuobled  by  the  ex- 
pression of  thought  and  feeling:  he  now  pursued  that  lasting  praise, 
which  Is  not  to  be  earned  without  praise-worthiness,  and  if  he  continued 
to  have  love  of  fame,  he  also  passionately  loved  the  glory  of  his  country. 
Even  he,  who,  almost  alone,  was  entitled  to  look  down  on  fame  as  '  that 
last  lufirmity  of  uoblc  minds,'  had  not  forgotten  that  it  was 

— -  --    "  the  iipur  tlut  the  clear  spirit  doth  raise 
To  <coni  delights,  and  live  laborioas  dtya !" 

The  natural  bent  of  character  ia  perhaps  better  ascertained  from  the  on- 
disturbed  and  unconscious  play  of  the  mind  in  the  common  intercourse  of 
society,  than  from  its  movements  under  the  power  of  strong  interest  or 
warm  passions  in  public  life.  In  social  intercourse,  Mr.  Canning  was  de- 
lightful. Happily  for  the  true  charm  of  his  conversation,  he  was  too  busy 
otherwise,  not  to  treat  society  as  more  fitted  for  relaxation  than  display. 
It  is  but  little  to  say,  that  he  was  neither  disputatious,  declamatory,  nor 
sententious  ;  neither  a  dictator,  nor  a  jester.  His  manner  was  simple  and 
unobtrusive,  his  language  always  quite  familiar  ^  if  a  higher  thought 
stole  from  his  mind,  it  came  in  its  conversational  undress.  From  this 
plain  ground  his  pleasantry  sprung  with  the  hajipiost  effect,  and  it  was 


I 


I 


Machintosh' s  Historical  Characten 


nearly  exempt  from  that  alloy  of  taunt  anrl  banter,  which  he  sonsetimes 
tnixed!  with  more  prccioos  materials  in  public  contest.  He  may  be  added 
to  the  list  of  those  eminent  persons  who  pleaded  most  in  their  friendly 
circle.  He  had  the  agreeable  ijuality  of  being  more  easily  ])lea9ed  in  80- 
cielVi  than  might  have  been  expected  from  the  keenness  of  his  discernmeot, 
and  the  sensibility  of  hi.s  temper.  He  wa.s  liable  to  be  disco  in  po.sed,  or 
even  silenced,  by  the  prcsetice  of  nuy  one  whom  he  did  not  like.  Hi« 
manner  in  society  betrayed  the  political  vexations  or  anxieties  which 
preyed  upon  his  mind  ;  nor  could  he  conceal  that  sensiti^'euess  to  public 
attacks,  which  their  frequent  recurrence  wears  out  in  most  English  states- 
men These  last  foibles  may  be  thought  interesting,  as  the  remains  of 
natural  character  uot  destroyed  by  refiucd  society  aud  political  aff^iirs. 
He  was  assailed  by  some  advtrsaries  so  ignoble  as  to  wound  him  through 
his  filial  affection,  which  preserved  its  rc8|)cctful  character  through  the 
whole  course  of  his  advancement.  The  ardent  zeal  for  bis  memory,  which 
appeared  immediately  after  his  death,  attests  the  warmth  of  tliosc  domestic 
affections  which  seldom  prevail  where  they  are  uot  mutual.  To  his  touch- 
ing epitaph  on  his  son,  parental  love  has  given  a  charm  which  is  wanting 
in  liis  other  verses.  It  was  said  of  hiiu  at  one  time,  that  no  man  had  so 
little  popularity,  aud  sucli  affectionate  fiicuds ;  and  the  truth  was  cer- 
tainly more  sacrificed  to  point  in  the  former,  than  in  the  latter  member  of 
the  contrast.  Some  of  his  friendships  coutiuutd  iu  spite  of  political  dif- 
ferences, which,  by  rendering  iutercourse  less  unconstrained,  often  uoder- 
uiiire  friendship ;  aud  others  h  ere  remarkable  for  a  warmth,  constancy, 
and  disinterestedness,  which,  though  chielTy  honourable  to  those  who 
were  ca[>able  of  so  pure  a  kiDdiicsa,  yet  redound  to  the  credit  of  him  who 
was  the  object  of  it.  No  man  is  so  beloved,  who  ts  not  himself  formed 
for  friendship.  Not  withstanding  his  disregard  fur  money,  he  was  not 
tempted  in  youth  by  the  cxamjde  or  kindness  of  atHuent  friends,  mocb  to 
ovcrslcp  his  little  patrimony.  He  never  afterwards  sacrificed  to  parade  or 
personal  indulgence,  though  his  occupations  scarcely  allowed  him  time 
enough  to  think  of  his  private  affairs.  Even  from  his  moderate  fortune,  his 
bounty  was  often  liberal  to  suitors  to  whom  oflicial  relief  could  uot  be 
granted.  By  a  sort  of  generosity  stitl  harder  for  him  to  practise,  he  en- 
deavoured, in  cases  where  the  suffering  Mas  great,  though  the  suit  could 
not  be  granted,  to  satisfy  the  feelings  of  the  suitor,  by  full  explanation  iu 
writing,  of  the  causes  which  rendered  compliance  impracticable.  When- 
ever he  look  an  interest,  he  shewed  it  as  much  by  delicacy  to  the  feelings 
of  those  whom  he  sened  or  relieved,  as  by  substantial  consideration  for 
their  claims — a  rare  and  most  jiraisew  orthy  merit  among  men  in  |)ower. 
In  projKtrtiou  as  the  opinion  of  a  {)eople  acquires  influence  over  public 
affairs,  the  faculty  of  persuading  men  to  support  or  op|H>se  political  ineai- 
Bures,  acquires  importance.  The  i>eculiar  nature  of  Parliamentary  debate, 
contributes  to  render  eminence  iu  that  province  not  so  imperfect  a  test  of 
[Xflitical  ability  as  it  might  ap[>eHr  to  be.  Recited  8jR*eches  can  seldom 
bhew  more  than  power  of  reasoning  and  imagination,  which  have  little 
connection  with  a.  capacity  for  affairs  ;  but  the  unforeseen  events  of  m 
debate,  aud  the  necessity  of  an  immediate  answer  iu  unpremeditated  lan- 
guage, afford  scope  for  cjuickness,  firmness,  boldness,  wariness,  presence 
of  mind,  and  address  in  the  uiauagt- mcnt  of  men,  which  are  among  tlic 
qualities  most  essential  to  the  Statesman.  The  mbst  nonriHliing  |KTiod  of 
our  parliamentary  elouuence,  extends  for  about  half  a  century — from  the 
maturity  of  Lord  Cbathaju's  genius  to  the  death  of  Mr.  Fox.     During  tbc 


4 
4 


4 
4 


1835.]  Mackintosh's  Hiiiorical  Characters.  485 

P  twenty  years  which  succeeded,  Mr.  Canning  was  eometimes  the  leader,  ^| 
and  always  the  greatest  orator  of  the  party  i%lio  supported  the  adininis-  ^| 
tration.  Among  \rhoiu  he  was  supported,  but  not  rivalled,  by  able  men,  ^| 
against  oppoueiits  who  were  not  thought  by  him  inconsideiabic,  of  whom,  ^| 
\  one  at  least,  was  felt  by  every  hearer,  and  acknowledged  in  private  by  him-     ^ 

I  self,  to  have  always  forced  hiij  faculties  into  their  veiy  utteriui>st  stretch. 

j  Had  he  been  a  dry  and  meagre  speaker,  he  wonid  have  been  occasionally 

I  allowed  tu  be  one  of  the  g^reateat  masters  of  argument,  but  his  heurerii     ^| 

were  so  dazzled  by  the  splendour  of  his  diction,  that  they  did  not  jier-     ^| 
ceive  the  acuteness,  and  the  sowetimea  excessive  refineHictit  of  bin  rea-     H 
soniitg — a  coTHsequcnce,  which,  as  it  shows  the  injurious  influence  of  a      V 
seductive  fault,  can  with  the  less  justice  be  overlooJked  in  the  estimate  of 
liis  unclerstaiidini^.     Ornament,  it  raual  be  owned,  where  it  only  pleases  or 
atmiHes,  without  disposing  the  audience  to  adopt  the  sentiments  of  the 
speaker*  is  an  oflence  against  the  first  law  of  public  8{K?aking,  of  which  it      ^m 
obstructs  instead  of  promoting  the  only  reasonable  purjjose.    But  elo-     fl 
<|i)ence  13  a   widely  extended  art,  comprehending  many  sorts  of  excel- 
knee,  in  some  of  which,  ornamental  diction  is  more  liberally  employed 
than  in  others ;  and  iu  none  of  which  the  highest  rank  can  be  attained, 
without  an  extraordinary  combination  of  mental  powers.     Among  our  own 
ofatorSj   Mr.  Canning  seems  to  be  the  best  model  of  the  adoraetl  style. 
The  splendid  and  sublime  descriptions  of  Mr.  Burke,  his  comprehensive 
and  pnjfoiind  views  of  general  princii>le,  thongh  ttiey  nmst  ever  delight 
and  instruct  the  reader,  iinist  be  oivued  to  l>e  digressions  which  diverioij 
the  mind.s  of  the  hearers  from  the  object  on  which  the  speaker  ought  to 
liave  kept  them  steadily  fixed.     .Sheridan,  a  nmn  uf  adnurablc  sense  and 
j  matchless  wit,  laljoitrcd  to  foHow  Burke  into  the  foreign  regions  of  fcding 

(  and  grandeur,   whence  the   specimens  preserved  of  his   most  CTlcbrati*<l 

speeches,  shew  too  niueh  of  the  exaggeration  and  excess  to  which  those 
arc  peculiarly  liable  who  seek  by  art  to  effect  vdiat  nature  has  deuied. 
By  the  constant  part  which  Mr,  Canning  took  in  debate,  he  was  called 
u|Mm  t-o  show  a  knowledge  which  Sheridan  did  not  possess,  and  a  readi- 
ness which  that  accom|dished  man  had  no  sucli  means  of  strengthening 
and  displaying.  In  some  (|ua!iTie8  of  style,  Mr.  t'anning  surpassed  Mr. 
Pitt.  His  diction  w;u»  more  various,  sometimes  more  »tm]dt',  jnore  idio- 
inatiral,  even  in  its  mote  cievated  parts.  It  sparkled  with  imagery,  and 
waa  brightened  by  iHustnition,  in  both  of  which  Mr.  Pitt,  for  so  great  an 
tiialor,  was  defective.  Mr.  Cairning  jM>ssc'Ssed,  in  a  high  degree,  the  tmt- 
ward  advantages  of  ati  orator;  his  expressive  countenance  varied  with  the 
changes  of  his  eloquence.  His  voice,  flexible  and  articidate,  had  as  nmcli 
com|mss  as  hi.s  mode  of  speaking  re»|ujrfd.  |ji  the  calm  part  of  his 
speeches,  Iiis  attitude  and  gesture  Jiiight  have  been  selected  by  a  painter 
to  represent  Grace  rising  into  Dignity.  No  English  speaker  used  the  keen 
and  brilliant  weapon  of  wit  so  long,  so  often,  or  so  effectually,  as  Mr. 
Canning.  He  gained  more  triumphs,  and  incurred  more  enmity  by  It, 
than  any  other.  Those  whose  importance  depend  much  on  birlli  and  for- 
tune, arc  impatient  of  seeing  their  own  artificial  dignity,  or  that  ai  thc;lr 
order,  broken  down  by  deiisiuu  ;  and  perhajis  few  men  heartily  forgive 
a  successful  jest  against  theniselves,  but  those  wlui  are  conscious  ot"  being 
unhurt  by  it.  Mr.  Catmiug  ortcii  ujicd  hi.>  talent  imprudently.  In  midden 
flashes  of  wit,  and  in  the  playful  description  of  men  and  things,  be  wa« 
often  distinguished  by  that  natural  faculty  which  is  the  charm  of  plea- 
santr)',  to  which  the  air  of  art  and  labour  is  more  fatal  than  to  anyotKcf 
i}t.\i.  Mxu.  \m.  III.  "^  V> 


I 

r 


J 


466  M^dkhUoik't  Hiittfrieal  Chanuter$.  [l^ay, 

taknt.  Sheridan  was  sometimes  betrayed  by  an  imitation  of  the  dialogue 
of  his  master,  Congreve,  into  a  sort  of  laboured  and  finished  jesting,  so  ba- 
lanced and  expanded,  as  sometimes  to  vie  in  taatolpgy  and  monotony  With 
the  once  applauded  triads  of  Johnson  }  and  which,  even  in  its  most  happy 
passages,  is  more  sure  of  commanding  serious  admiration,  than  hearty 
unghter.  It  cannot  be  denied,  that  Mr.  Canning's  taste  was,  in  this  re- 
elect, somewhat  influenced  by  the  example  of  his  early  friend.  Nothing 
ooold  better  prove  the  imperfect  education  of  English  Statesmen  at  that 
time,  and  the  capacity  of  Mr.  Canning  to  master  subjects  the  least  agreeable 
to  his  pursuits  and  inclinations.  The  exuberance  of  fancy  and  wit  les- 
sened the  gravity  of  his  general  manner,  and  perhaps  also  indisposed  the 
audience  to  feel  his  correctness  when  it  clearly  shewed  itself.  In  that 
important  quality  he  was  inferior  to  Mr.  Pitt. 

"  Deep  on  whose  front  engraven 
Deliberation  sate,  and  puUic  care." 

And  not  less  inferior  to  Mr.  Fox,  whose  fervid  eloquence  flowed  from  the 
love  of  his  country,  the  scorn  of  baseness,  and  the  •  hatred  of  cruelty, 
which  were  the  ruling  passions  of  his  nature.  On  the  whole,  it  may  be 
observed,  that  the  range  of  Mr.  Canning's  powers  as  an  orator  was  wider 
than  that  in  which  he  usually  exerted  them.  When  mere  statement  onlv 
was  allowable,  no  man  of  his  age  was  more  simple.  When  infirm  health 
compelled  him  to  be  brief,  no  speaker  could  compress  his  matter  with  so 
Uttle  sacrifice  of  clearness,  ease,  and  elegance.  In  his  speech  on  Cobnial 
Reformation,  in  1823,  he  seemed  to  have  brought  down  the  philoaophiad 
principles  and  the  moral  sentiments  of  Mr.  Burke  to  that  precise  level 
where  they  could  be  happily  blended  with  a  grave  and  dignified  speech, 
intended  as  an  introduction  to  a  new  system  of  legislation.  As  his  orato- 
rical faults  were  those  of  youthful  genius,  the  progress  of  age  seemed  to 
purify  his  eloquence,  and  every  year  appeared  to  remove  some  tpeck  which 
hid,  or  at  least  dimmed  a  boiuty.  He  daily  rose  to  lai^^  views,  and 
made,  perhaps,  as  near  approaches  to  philosophical  prindples  as  the  great 
difference  between  the  objects  of  the  philosopher  and  those  of  the  orator, 
will  commonly  allow.  When  the  MemoriaU  of  hi8  owm  Time,  the  composi- 
tion of  which  he  is  said  never  to  have  interrupted  in  his  busiest  moments, 
are  made  known  to  the  public,  his  abilities  as  a  writer  may  be  better  esti- 
mated. His  only  known  writings  in  prose  are  state  papers,  which,  when 
considered  as  the  composition  of  a  minister  of  foreign  affairs  in  one  of 
the  most  extraordinary  periods  of  European  history',  are  undoubtedly  of  no 
small  importance.  Such  of  these  papers  as  were  intended  to  be  a  direct 
appeal  to  the  judgment  of  mankind,  combine  so  much  precision  with  such 
uniform  circumspection  and  dignity,  that  they  must  ever  be  studied  as 
models  of  that  very  difficult  species  of  composition.  His  instructions  to 
Ministers  abroad,  on  occasions  both  perplexing  and  momentous,  will 
be  found  to  exhibit  a  rare  union  of  comprehensive  and  elevated  \iews, 
with  singular  ingenuity  in  devising  means  of  execution ;  on  which  last 
faculty  he  sometimes  relied  perhaps  more  confidently  than  the  bhort  and 
dim  foresight  of  man  will  warrant.  '  Great  affairs,'  said  Lord  Bacon,  *  are 
commonly  too  coarse  and  stubborn  to  be  worked  upon  by  the  fine  edges 
and  points  of  wit.'  His  papers  in  negociation  were  occasionally  somewhat 
too  controversial  in  their  tone.     They  are  not  n''  ^o  the  manner 

of  an  amicable  conversation  about  a  disputed  p*  '    which  a 

negodator  does  not -so  much  draw  <  ^< 

Mad  sound  the  intention  of  his  opi 


Mackintosh's  Historical  Characters.  467 

triain|>h  more  than  advantage,  and  not  enough  to  remember,  that  to  have 
the  opposite  party  satisfied  with  wliat  he  has  pot,  and  in  good  hnmour 
witU  himself,  is  not  one  of  the  least  proofs  of  a  ncgoci«tor*8  skil}.  When 
the  papei-8  were  intcnHrd  ultirnately  to  reach  the  public  throngh  Parllarnent, 
it  might  be  prudent  to  regard  chiefly  the  final  object;  and  when  this 
excuse  was  wanting,  much  must  be  pardoned  to  the  controversial  habits  of 
a  pailiainentary  hfe-  It  is  hard  for  a  debater  to  be  a  negociator.  The 
faculty  of  guiding  public  assemblies,  is  very  remote  from  the  art  of  dealing 
with  iii'lividuaFs. 

Mr.  Caniiinga  powers  of  \rriting  verse  may  rather  be  classed  with  hia 
accoraplishiucnts  than  uumbercd  among  his  high  and  noble  faculties.  It 
woold  have  been  a  distinction  for  nn  inferior  man.  His  verses  were  far 
alwvc  those  of  Cicero,  of  Burke,  and  of  Bacon.  The  taste  prevalent  in 
his  youth  led  him  to  more  relish  for  seuteutioiis  declaimers  in  verse,  than  is 
fihared  by  lon-rs  of  the  more  true  poetry  of  imagination  and  sensibility. 
In  some  respects  his  poetical  compositions  were  also  influenced  by  his  early 
intercourse  with  Mr.  Sheridan,  though  he  was  restrained  by  hia  more 
familiar  contemplation  of  classical  mcKlels,  from  the  glittering  conceits  of 
that  extraordinary  man.  Something  of  an  artificial  and  composite  diction 
is  discernible  in  the  English  poems  of  those  who  have  acquired  reputation 
by  Latin  verse,  more  especially  since  the  pursuit  of  rigid  purity  has  re- 
quired so  timid  an  imitation  as  not  only  to  confine  itself  to  the  words, 
but  to  adopt  uoac  but  the  [thrases  of  ancient  poets :  an  cflect  of  which 
Gray  must  be  allowed  to  furnish  nn  example.  Absolute  silence  about 
Mr.  Canning's  writings  as  a  |K>ntical  satirist,  which  were  for  their  hour  so 
popular,  might  be  imputed  to  undue  timidity.  In  that  character  he  yielded 
to  General  Fit/patrick  in  arch  stateliness  and  poignant  raillery ;  to  Mr. 
Moore  in  the  gay  prodigality  with  which  he  squanders  his  countless  stores 
of  wit;  and  to  liis  own  friend  Mr.  Frere,  in  the  richness  of  a  native  vein  of 
original  and  fantastic  drollery,  in  that  ungenial  province  where  the 
brightest  of  the  hardy  laarels  arc  very  apt  soon  to  fade,  and  where  Dryden 
only  boasts  immortal  lays  ; — it  is  pcrbaj»s  his  best  praise,  that  there  is  no 
writing  of  his  which  a  man  of  honour  might  not  avow  as  soon  as  the  first 
heat  of  contest  was  passed.  In  some  of  the  amusements  or  tisks  of  his 
boyhood,  there  are  passages  which,  without  much  help  from  fancy,  might 
appear  to  contain  allusions  to  his  greatest  mea-^urcs  of  pohcy,  as  well  as 
to  the  tenor  of  his  life,  and  to  the  melancholy  splendour  which  surrounded 
his  death.  In  the  concluding  line  of  the  first  English  verses  written  by 
him  Ht  Eton,  he  expressed  a  wish  which  has  been  singularly  realized,  that 
be  might 

"  Live  in  a  blue,  and  in  a  blaze  expire." 
It  is  at  least  a  striking  coincidence,  that  the  statesman,  whose  d>'ing 
measure  was  to  mature  am  alliance  for  the  deliverance  of  Greece,  shoHld> 
when  a  boy,  have  written  English  verses  on  the  slavery  of  that  country  ; 
and  that  in  his  prize  poem  at  Oxford,  on  the  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  a  com- 
position as  much  applauded  as  a  modem  Latin  poem  can  aspire  to  be,  be 
tthould  have  bitterly  deplored  the  lot  of  the  renowned  countries  now 
groaniug  under  the  same  barbarous  yoke:— 

"  Nnnc  Satrapc  imperio  et  scto  tobdiU  Tnrcc" 

To  conclude — be  was  a  man  of  fine  and  brilliant  genius,  of  warm  affec- 
tknis,  of  high  and  geaerou  spirit ;  a  statesman  who  at  home  converted 
It  of  his  opponents  into  warm  supporters  ;  who  abroad  was  the  sole 


I 
I 

I 
I 


468      B'wgraphktA  Sketch  qfthe  Rt.  Horn.  Thot.  H'ibon,  LLJ).     [May^ 


hope  and  trost  of  all  who  Moght  an  orderly  and  legal  liberty ;  and  who 
cot  oflf  in  the  midst  of  vigoroos  and  splendid  measures,  which,  if  executed 
by  himself,  or  with  his  own  spirit,  promised  to  place  his  name  among  the 
first  class  of  rulers,  among  the  founders  of  lasting  peace,  and  the  guardian* 
of  human  improvements. 


BIOOBAFBICAL   BKBTCH   OF  TBK  BieHT  HOT*.  TBOXAB   WItSOIf,   LL.D. 
8BCBBTARY    OF   STATE   TO   QVBBN    ELIZABETH. 


THE  eminent  scholar  and  able  states- 
man, of  whose  life  the  following  pages 
contain  brief  memoirs,  was  the  son  of 
Thomas  Wilson  of  Slroby,  otherwise 
Strabby,  in  the  county  of  Lincoln,  by 
hi»  wife  Anne,'  the  daughter  and  heir 
of  Roger  Comberworth,  of  Comber- 
worth,  in  that  county,  by  Margery  his 
wife,  the  daughter  and  heir  of  Hugh 
Braytofte.  of  Braytofte  Hall  in  the 
same  county ;  but  his  pedigree  is  traced 
to'  "  an  ancient  and  worshipful  fa- 
mily"* residing  in  the  year  1250  at 
Elton  in  the  county  of  York,  seven 
generations  of  whose  descendants  con- 
tinued there.  Thomas  Wilson,  the 
last  who  resided  at  Elton,  left  two 
•ons,  William,  the  eldest,  of  Stroby, 
from  whom  Dr.  Thomas  Wilson  was 
the  fourth  in  lineal  descent,'  and  from 
a  junior  branch  of  which  line  the  Wil- 
sons of  Gravely  and  Coddreth,  other- 
wise Codred  or  Cottered,  Willey  and 
Walkcrne  in  Hertfordshire,  descend- 
ed,^ and  Edmund  of  Tockwith,  in  the 
parish  of  Dilton,  within  the  county  of 
the  city  of  York,  from  whom  the  fa- 
mily of  the  Baronet  of  this  name  in 
Sussex  is  derived. 

Dr.  Wilson  was  elected  a  scholar  of 
King's  college,  Cambridge,  in  1S41, 
and  was  there  educated  for  the  civil 
law  ;  he  was  afterwards  incorporatsd 
of  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  took 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  abroad.  * 
He  was  tutor  at  Cambridge  to  Henry 


Brandon,  then  Duke  of  Sufftdk,  and  iat 
brother  Lord  Charles,  sons  of  Charles 
Brandon,  Duke  of  Suffolk;  having  been 
appointed  by  their  mother,  who  was 
sister  to  Henry  the  Eighth.  Upon  the 
death  of  those  princes  at  an  early  age, 
and  within  the  same  hour,  and  so  sud- 
denly that  "  first  they  were  known  to 
be  dead,  or  any  abroad  could  tell  they 
were  sick,"  several  Latin  and  Greek 
Yerses  were  written  at  Cambridge  and 
Oxford,  which  Dr.  Wilson  collected, 
and  prefixing  a  Latin  epistle  of  his 
fTWn  composition,  descriptive  of  die 
course  of  study  and  characters  of  lus 
illustrious  pupils,  who  appear  to  liavs 
been  endowed  with  excellent  qualities 
of  mind  and  disposition ;  he  published 
them  in  1551,  under  the  title  of  "Epis- 
tola  de  vit&  et  obitu  fratrum  Suffoici- 
encium." 

About  the  same  time  he  published 
"  The  Role  of  Reason,  containing  the 
art  of  Logic,"  which  was  the  first 
treatise  on  that  subject  written  in  the 
English  language.  In  the  dedication 
of  this  book  to  Edward  the  Sixth,  the 
author  observes, 

"  I  have,  so  fer  as  my  slender  praetioef 
hath  enabled  me,  enterprised  to  join  an 
acquaintance  between  logic  and  my  coun- 
trymen, from  the  which  they  have  been 
heretofore  barred  by  tongues  anacqnaiBt- 
ed."  "  I  take  not  upon  me  so  cnnnhigty 
and  perfectly  to  have  written  of  the  said 
art,  as  though  none  could  do  it  better. 


>  11.  n.  Visit.  Line  in  CoIL  Arm.  Collins' s  Baronetage,  iii.  343. 

■  In  the  Catalogue  of  the  Chancellors  of  England,  the  Lords  Keepers  of  the  Great 
Seal,  Sec.  by  John  Philiprtt,  Snmmersett  Herald,  printed  at  London  in  1636,  p.  5,  is 
as  follows :  "  William  Welson  or  Wilson,  bom  of  a  noble  house,  was  chapliun  and 
chanc^llnr  to  William  the  Conqueror  (as  hath  Rabertns  Montensis)  and  succeeded 
ArfoBtus  in  the  bishoprick  of  Thetford." 

»  Ex  Visit.  Com.  Lincoln,  /in.  1592,  per  Ric.  Lee,  arm.  Richmond  herald  deputat. 
tt  mareschallum  Rob.  Cooke,  arm.  Clarenc.  in  Coll.  Ann. 

*  Ex  praedirt.  Visit.  Lincoln,  and  Chauncy's  Hertf.  fo.  66  and  3R7. 

*  WchkI's  Fasti  Oxon.  9«.  Fuller's  Worthiw  in  Lincolnshire,  I.SP.  Lansdown 
MS.  No.  082,  12  V.  48,  of  Bishop  Kennett's  Collections.  Lodge's  Illustrations,  vol. 
ill  i>.  '.'."iO. 


1835.]     Biographical  Sketch  of  the  Rt.  Hon.  Thos.  lVil$on,  LL.D.      469 


but  becnuM   no   Englishman  ontU  now 

hath  gone  through  with  this  ait«rpris«, 
[X  have  thought  mret  to  declare  tliat  it 
I  Bay  be  done.  And  yet  herein  I  profcM 
^to  be  but  a  spur  or  a  wbetatone  to  sharp 

the  pens  of  some  other  that  they  may 
\  poliah  and  perfect  that  I  hare  rudely  atid 

grossly  entered." 

\\c  was  a  zealous  supporter  of  the 
reformed  religion,  which  is  manifested 
in  this  book  and  his  next  publication, 
by  several  passages  condemnatory*  of 
the  tenets  and  practices  of  the  Catho- 
lics ;  for  which,  a^  will  be  seen  here- 
after, he  narrowly  escaped  the  honours 
of  raortyrdotn. 

Of  an  example  of  reasoning  nega- 
tively, the  following  is  part: 

*'  Wc  read  not  in  all  the  Scripture, 
from  Gcneftis  to  the  revelation  of  St. 
John,  tliat  ever  there  was  friar,  monk, 
nun,  or  canon;  ergo,  let  them  go  from 
whence  they  came.  We  read  not  in  the 
Scripture  that  worshiping  of  images  was 
ever  allowed  to  be  laymen's  books ;  there- 
fore take  down  »uc.h  idols,  and  let  them 
serve  for  other  uses." 

Again,  in  showing  exceptions  to 
rtiscordants  being  contrary : 

"  Thus  some  that  maintained  counter- 
feit cbaatjty  were  wont  to  reason  against 
marriage,  taking  an  occasion  a|>on  that 
place  of  St.  Paul  where  he  saith,  it  is  not 
f^ood  to  touch  a  woman  ■,  where  he  mean- 
eth  nothing  el.xe  but  coutiidering  the  Gos- 
pel then  required  »i)eedy  preachem,  and 
that  it  were  a  clog  to  be  married,  and 
unmewhiit  an  hindrance  to  those  that 
should  travel,  be  thought  it  exiK'dient  to 
forbear  ;  not  that  he  mndrmned  mar- 
riage, or  yet  thought  women  to  be  devils." 

A  second  edition  of  this  work  was 
published  February  1 507. 

In  1553  he  published  "  The  Art  of 
Rhetoric,"  which  it  appears  was  written 
nt  the  request  of  Lord  John  Dudley, 
then  Master  of  the  Horse  to  the  King, 
made  in  consequence  of  his  approba- 
tion of  the  treatise  on  Logic  : 

"  I  commend  to  your  lordship's  pa- 
tronaj^  this  treatiiie  on  rhetoric,  to  the 
end  that  ye  may  get  some  furtherance  by 
the  sMme ;  and  1  also  be  discharged  of  my 
faithful  pmiiitae  this  last  year  made  unto 
you.  Fur  whereas  it  hath  pleased  you, 
amnng  other  talk  of  learning,  earnestly 
(o  wish  that  ye  might  one  day  see  th« 


precepts  of  rhetoric  set  forth  by  me  in 
Enghsh,  OS  1  had  erst  done  the  rules  on 
logic." 

This  work,  as  well  as  its  predeces- 
sor, di.<«plays  not  only  the  requisite 
qualifications  of  a  learned,  discrimi- 
oating,  logical,  and  ingenious  mind, 
hut  also  great  piety,  and  a  playful  and 
benevolent  disposition. 

In  showing  by  what  means  elo- 
quence ia  attained, 

'*  First  needful  it  is,"  he  states.  "  that 
he  which  desireth  to  excel  in  this  gift  of 
oratory,  and  longeth  to  prove  an  eloquent 
man,  must  naturally  have  a  wit,  and  an 
aptneas  thereunto ;  then  must  he  to  his 
book,  and  learn  to  be  well  stored  with 
knowledge,  that  he  may  be  able  to  minis- 
ter matter  for  all  cau«Cii  necessary  ;  the 
which  when  he  hath  got  plentifully  he 
must  use  much  esercise  both  in  writing 
and  also  in  speaking,  for  though  he  have 
a  wit  and  learning  together,  yet  shall 
they  both  have  little  avail  without  much 

Eractice.  What  maketh  the  lawyer  to 
sve  such  utterance  ?  practice-  What 
maketh  the  preacher  to  speak  so  roundly? 
practice.  Yea,  what  maketh  women  go 
so  fast  away  with  their  words?  marry,  prac- 
tice, I  warrant  you.  Therefore,  in  all 
faculties,  diligent  practice,  and  earnest 
exercise,  are  the  only  things  that  make 
men  prove  excellent." 

As  "  ao  example  of  comfort,"  a 
consolatory  discourse  which  the  au- 
thor had  picviously  addrcAse<l  to  the 
Dachesa  of  Suffolk  on  the  death  of  her 
eons,  is  set  forth : 

"  I  seeing  my  Lady's  Grace  their  mo- 
ther taking  their  death  most  grievouolj, 
could  not  otherwise,  for  the  duty  which  I 
then  did,  and  ever  shall  owe  unto  her. 
but  comfort  her  in  that  her  heaviness." 

In  exemplifying  the  tig<ir«  of  ampli- 
fication by  "  rebuking  one  that  giveth 
ear  to  backbiters  and  slanderers,"  mre 
the  following  passages : 

*'  ^lien  our  purse  is  picked,  we  make 
stmight  search  for  it  again,  and  imprison 
the  offender;  and  shall  we  not  seek  re- 
covery for  our  good  name  when  evil 
tongues  have  stained  it  ?"  "  A  slanderer 
is  worse  than  a  thief,  because  a  good 
name  is  better  than  all  the  goods  in  the 
world."* 

When  imprisoned  by  the  Inquisi- 
tion,   the    Doctor   possibly   regretted 


I 


*  Another  figure  in  the  Prologue  to  the  Treatise  on  Usury, 
niaed :  "  The  galled  horse  will  not  be  rubbed." 


rill  be  rcadilj  reoof 


I 


d 


BhfjUrapMcal  Sketch  of  the  Rt,  Hon,  Thos.  XTiUon,  LL.D. 


470 

Vba.t  b^  ^*^  °ot  expunged  the  follow- 
va&  pa^^^S**  referring  to  the  restraint* 
oa  the  marriages  of  priests. 

i(  Ho^  much  b«tter  were  it  to  torn 
their  concabine*  into  wirea."  '•  1  think 
the  bishop*'  officers  would  have  pro- 
,^re<l  thi«  in*tt*r  lonf  »go,  if  they  bad 
not  found  peater  gains  by  priests'  lem- 
jf^asia  than  they  were  like  to  hara  by 
prieau'  wi»e«.'' 

A  second  edition  of  this  work  was 
published  in  1567.  and  it  was  reprinted 
in  1580. 

'The  restoration  of  the  Catholic  re- 
ligion, and  the  penecutioos  of  the 
conscientious  adherents  to  the  Refor- 
mation, which  so  shortly  followed 
the  accession  to  the  Crown  of  the 
bigoted  Mary,  sent  Dr.  Wilson  with 
numerous  others  into  eiile ',  Ger- 
many was  the  country  in  which  the 
fugitives  generally  sought  Kafety ; «  but 
it  appears  that  daring  his  absence  he 
went  to  Rome,  wherehc  was  imprisoned 

00  a  charge  of  heresy  ;  of  which,  in  a 
prologue  to  the  second  edition  of  the 
Art  of  Rhetoric,  he  gives  the  follow- 
ing account : 

"  Two  years  past,  at  ny  being  in  Italy, 

1  was  charged  ia  Rome  Town,  (to  my 
great  danger  and  utter  aodoiog,  if  God's 
goodness  had  not  been  the  greater)  to 
have  written  this  book  of  "  Rhetoric," 
and  the  "  Logick"  also;  for  the  which  I 
was  counted  an  heretick,  notwithatanding 
the  absolution  granted  to  all  the  realm, 
by  Pope  J  alie  the  Third,  for  all  former 
offences  or  practicea  devised  against  the 
holy  Mother  Church,  as  they  call  it.  A 
strange  matter,  that  things  done  in 
Englimd  seven  years  before,  and  the  same 
universally  forgivrn,  should  afterwards 
be  laid  to  a  man's  charge  at  Rome.  But 
what  will  not  malice  do  ?  or  what  will  not 
the  wilful  devise  to  satisfy  their  minds  for 
undoing  of  others :  God  be  my  judge.  I 
had  then  as  little  fear  (although  death 


was  present  and  the  torment  at  hand. 
whereof  I  felt  «mm  aaart,)  as  ever  I 
had  in  all  my  lifs  before  For  vrhen  I 
•»*  those  that  did  seek  ray  death  to  be 
so  maliciously  aet  to  make  such  poor 
ahifl*  for  my  readier  dispatch,  and  to  bur- 
den me  with  those  back  reekoainga,  I 
took  such  courage  and  was  so  bold,  that 
the  judgea  then  did  much  marvel  at  my 
stoutness,  and  thinking  to  bring  down  nj 
great  he%rt,  told  me  plainly,  that  I  wva 
in  farther  peril  than  whereof  I  was  awarr, 
and  sought  thereupon  to  take  advantage 
of  my  words,  and  to  bring  me  in  danger 
by  all  means  possible.  And  after  long 
debating  with  ne,  they  willed  me  at  any 
hand  to  submit  mjrself  to  the  Holy  Father 
and  the  devout  College  of  Canhioals,  for 
otherwise  there  was  no  remedy.  With 
that,  being  fully  purposed  not  to  yield  io 
any  submission,  as  one  that  little  trusted 
their  colorable  deceit,  I  was  as  ware  as  I 
could  be  not  to  otter  any  thing  for  mine 
own  harm,  for  fear  I  should  come  in  their 
danger.  For  then  either  I  should  hare 
died,  or  else  have  denied  both  openly  and 
shamefully  the  known  truth  of  Christ  and 
his  Gospel.  In  the  end,  by  God's  grace. 
1  was  wonderfully  deUvered,  through  plain 
force  of  the  worthy  Romans  (an  eater. 
prise  heretofore  in  that  sort  aevcr  at« 
tempted),  being  then  without  hopeof  fift^ 
and  much  less  of  liberty."  ''  Tbe  primB 
was  on  fire  when  I  came  out  of  it ;  and 
whereas  I  feared  fire  most  (as  who  is  he 
that  doth  not  fear  it)  I  was  deUvered  by  fire 
and  sword  together ;  and  yet  now  thoa  fear- 
ful am  I,  that  having  been  thus  svringed 
and  restrained  of  liberty,  I  would  first 
rather  haxard  my  life  presently  hereafter 
to  die  upon  a  Turk,  than  to  abide 
again,  without  hope  of  hberty,  such  pain- 
ful imprisonment  for  ever.  So  that  1  have 
now  got  courage  with  suffering  damage, 
and  made  myself,  as  yon  see,  very  wiUiog 
from  henceforth  to  die,  being  then  broockt 
only  but  in  fear  of  death.  They  that 
love  sorrow  apon  sorrow,  God  send  it 
them ;  I,  for  my  part,  had  rather  be  with- 
out sense  of  grief,  than  for  ever  to  Uv« 
in  grief:  and  I  think  the  troubles  bcfisf* 


4 
I 


7  "  Hard  shift  he  made  to  ooaccal  lumself  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary."  FaOer'a 
Worthies,  ibid. 

*  "  Uneasy  and  unsiUe  for  him  (\ybner),  and  all  others  that  oonscienciously  ad« 
hered  to  the  reformed  reUgion,  he  lied  into  Gennf"'  -'"t  ••  i»h  ^--^-^.i  ..fK»-rs  of  tha 
bast  rank,  both  divines  and  gentlemen,  he  resiili  Me  Ofrpor- 

tnnity  of  improving  himself  by  travel,  visiting  ni  Italy  and 

Germany."  Strype's  Life  of  Aylmer,  in  the  prvface  to  which  l>r.  \\  ilaun  is  deacribed 
as  •*  the  truly  learned  and  experienced  Secretary  Wilson."  "  During  the  rags  vt 
Mary,  to  whose  persecuttons  many  ftigitivcs  owed  their  qunlificationjt  for  future 
honours,  he  (Dr.  Wilson)  lived  abroad,  and  was  for  some  time  imprikonrd  hy  the  f  n- 

Juisition  at  Rome,  on  account  of  two  tivatiM*  on  Rhetoric  and  Logic,"  &c     Lodge's 
llustrations,  ibid. 


i 
I 


Biographical  Sketch  oji/u  Rt.  Hon.  Thos.  Wason,  LL.D.      471 


^ffbei 


atli  being  long  KutfenMl,  and  without 
jH:  cuatLnueil,  are  irorsc ,  n  great  deal, 
__jan  jjresent  death  ibielf  can  be,  especially 
to  him  that  makotli  tittle  account  of  this 
life,  ttnil  i»  well  anoed  with  a  coaatant 
miad  to  God-wiird." 

In  I56ghe  published  "  A  Discourse 
u(Kin   Usury,"  *  ia  the  dedication  of 
which  to   Dudley,  then  Karl  of  Lei- 
cester, he  observes,  "  I  have   kuowu 
you    and    that    noble   race  of  your 
brethren,  even  from  their  young  years ; 
and  with   yuur  houour,  and  that  fa- 
mous Earl  of  Warwick,  deceased,  and 
your  noble  brother,  now  Earl  of  War- 
wick, living.  1  have  had  more  familiar 
conference   than   with  the    rest,    and 
especially  with  your  honour."  Tbb  is 
dialogue  "  between  a  rich  worldly 
crchaal,     the    godly    and    zealous 
'reachcr,  the  temporal  and  civil  Law- 
er,  touching  Usury,  or  the  2oan  of 
oney  for  gain,"  which  is  treated  as 
moral  offence  of  the  firist  magnitude. 
The  estimation  in  which  thi^  work 
as  held  by  the  then  Bishop  of  Sa- 
!J»bury.  and  some  notion  of  the  learn- 
ing and  ingenuity  displayed  in  advo- 
cating an  opinion  thus  piously  enter- 
tained and  strcuuou&ly  supported,  bat 
which  would  now  be  treated  with  ri- 
dicule,><'  may  be  collected  from  a  letter 
prefixed  to  a  reprint  of  the  book  dated 
1584,  addressed  by  the  Bishop  to  the 
author,  in  which  his  Lordship  says — 

"  If  I  were  an  usurer  never  so  greedily 
nt  tu  ipoU  and  ravine,  ut  tunt  feenera- 
toret,  yet  would  I  think  myself  most 
unhappy  if  such  persuasions  could  nut 
move  me.  For  what  man  would  not  be 
afraid  to  lire  desperately  in  that  state  of 
life  that  he  secth  maaif««tly  coodemncd 
bj  heathens,  by  Christians,  by  the  old 
Fathers,  by  the  ancient  Councils,  by  eto- 

twrora,  by  bishops,  by  decrees,  by  canons, 
ij  all  aects  of  aJl  regions  and  of  sil  reU- 


gions,  by  the  Gospel  of  Christ,  by  the 
mouth  uf  God." 

His  only  other  literary  work  extant, 
is  a  translation   into    Engli^ih  of  the  J 
Orations    of  Demosthenes  ;    although 
Wood  "   observes,   there  are    "  other 
things  which  1  have  not  yet  seen." 

On  the  release  of  Dr.  Wilson  from 
his   imprisonment,  and   the  death  of>j 
Queen  Mary,  he  returned  witli  other , 
exiles    to    his    nati\i'    country,   anc 
was  appointed  one  of  the  masters  ofH 
the   Court   of  Requests,  and  shortly 
afterwards  Master  of  St.  Katharine's 
Hospital,  near  the  Tower."  By  the  fol- 
lowing extract  from  Stowe's  Survey  of" 
London. '1  it  appears  that  some  dif- 
ference arose  between  the  master  of 
the  Hospital  and  the  inhabitants. 

"  It  Is  said  that  he  dissolved  the  choir, ., 
that  might  hare  equalled  that  of  St.  Paul's./ 
In  the  year  1565  Dr.Wylson  being  Mas- 
ter, the   PrectDct  of  St.  Knthenne's  waai 
in  danger  of  losing  its  ancient  privil^i^ 
which  occasioned  au  ernest  address  fix>ia  1 
the  iuhabitonts  to  Secretary  Cecyl,  com- 
plaining unto  him  against  the  said  Master,  _ 
that  he  intended  as  much  as  in  him  lay, ' 
for  a  private  gain  of  a  sum  of  mosey,  ,^ 
clearly  for  ever  to  sell  and  make  away  to 
the  Lord   Maior  of  the  City  of  London, 
and  )ii»  Brethren,  and  the  Commonalty, 
the   whole  liberty,  right,  franchises,  roy- 
alties, and  privileges  belonging  to  the  i«aid. 
houite  and  hospetall  that  did  appertain, 
and  were  part  of  the  dowry  of  the  Queens ' 
of  this  realm  ;  which  would  be  as  they  set. 
forth  an  utter  subversion  and  extinguish-] 
ing  of  the  true  foundation  thereof;  an4. 
the  impoverishing,  decay,  and  undoing  of' 
them  and  their  posterity." 

They  then  state  the  fonndation  thus, 
'  That  the  Masters  of  the  Ho!i])ital  had 
been  taken  by  the  aaid  Charter  as  Cus- 
todes  and  Governors  of  the  said  Iluiipiuil/I 
and  as  upholders  of  the  privili-gvs  there* 
of,  and  nut  to  alter  the  true  use  and  right 


*  Much  commended  by  Dr.  Laor.   Humphrey,  the  Queen's  Public  Professor  of^ 
Divinity  in  Oxon"     Wood's  Fasti  Oxon.  Ibid.    The  copy  in  the  British  Musev 
appears  to  have  belonged  to  Mr.  Horgrave;  aad  fifteen  guineas  is  marked  as  the 
price. 

'"  By  a  lucky  accident  in  language."  says  Hume,  "  which  has  a  great  effect  on  men's 
ideas,  the  invidious  word,  nsnry,  which  formerly  meant  the  taking  of  any  interest  for 
money,  came  now  to  express  only  the  taking  of  exorbitant  and  illegal  interest.  An 
' '  rt  passed  in  1571  violently  condemns  all  usory  ;  bat  permits  10  per  ceat.  interest 
be  paid.  — Hume,  v.  4B.1. 
Wood's  Fasti  Oxon.  ibid. 

('Wood's  Fasti  Osun.  i>iid.     Bishop  Kenactt's  CoDections,  ibid.     Puller's  Wor> 
ibid.     Lodge'v  Illustrations,  ibid. 
Tol.  I.  p.  205. 


A 


472      BiograpUcalSketck  ^  the  Rt.  Hon.  Tho$.  Wilson,  LLD,     [May. 


tliereof.  Aa  no  Blaster  hitherto  dant, 
or  went  about  to  infiringe  or  break,  to 
their  knowledge.'  Then  the  use,  thoa, 
'That  the  Master  being  but  GoTomor, 
ought  not  to  use  or  abuse  any  liberties, 
ftuDchiaea,  or  pririleges  other  than  is 
prescribed  him  in  the  said  Charter.'  Then 
the  chargea  of  the  hospital  to  the  Inha> 
bitenta,  &c  'And  this  seemed  to  gire  a 
■top  to  this  business.' " 

He  high  character  of  Dr.  Wilson, 
vith  the  following  extract  from  Ful- 
ler's Worthies,*'  may  be  considered  a 
sufficient  vindication  from  this  charge. 

"  Upon  the  same  tokm,  that  he  took 
down  the  Quire,  which  my  author  saith 
(allow  him  a  little  hyperbole)  was  as  great 
as  the  Quire  at  St.  Paul's.  I  am  foth  to 
bdieve  it  done  out  of  coTetousnease,  to 
gain  by  the  materials  thereof,  but  would 
rather  conceive  it  so  run  to  ruin  that  it 
was  past  repairing." 

He  represented  the  city  of  Lincoln  in 
Parliament  in  1751  with  Robert  Moan- 


■on,  and  in  1572  with  John  Wellcoar.* 
"At  length,"  observes  Collins,"  his 
learning  and  knowledge  not  being  con- 
fined within  the  ordinary  limits  of  a 
private  education,  or  peculiar  study, 
he  became  so  well  acquainted  with  the 
laws  of  nations,  and  had  acquired 
such  a  general  knowledge  in  political 
affairs,  3iat  his  qualifications  for  more 
public  emplojrments,  both  abroad  and 
at  home,  were  apparently  distinguished 
by  Queen  Elizabeth,  so  remarkable 
for  discerning  of  men,  and  in  the 
choice  of  her  ministers,  who  was 
pleased  to  employ  him  several  times" 
as  her  ambassador  to  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots ;  and  into  the  Low  Countries 
anno  1577;  and  in  1579,  Feb.  5,  by 
the  Queen's  own  appointment,  he  was 
promoted  to  the  Dieanery  of  Durham, 
vacant  by  the  death  of  William  Whit- 
tingham  ;'*  at  the  same  time  he  was 
also  in  the  high  station  of  principal 
Secretary  of  State,**  and  one  of  her 


u  Vol.  L  p.  305.  •  Allen's  History  of  Lincohishire,  p.  135. 

1*  Baronetage.     Ibid. 

•7  Wood's  Fasti  Ozon,  ibid.  Bishop  Kennett's  Collections,  ibid.  "  In  1576  he 
was  sent  on  an  embassy  to  the  Low  Countries,  where  he  acquitted  himself  so 
well,  that  in  the  following  year  he  was  named  to  succeed  Sir  Thomas  Smith  as 
Secretary  of  State,"  &c.    Lodge's  Illu^rations,  ibid.   Hume,  v.  200. 

"  It  seems  the  Queen  had,  in  1563,  partiv  promised  this  Deanery  to  Dr.  Wilson, 
bpt  was  forced  by  the  over  entreaties  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester  to  give  it  to  VHiytting- 
ham,  who,  enjoying  it  about  16  years,  was  then  succeeded  by  Dr.  Wilson,  who  enjoyed 
it  not  two  years. — Athetue  Oxon.  195. 

>*  "  There  were  but  two  of  these  at  once  in  the  King's  time,  whereof  the  one  was 
styled  the  Principal  Secretary,  the  other  the  Secretary  of  Estate.  Some  have  said 
that  the  first  in  the  senioritie  of  the  admission  was  accounted  the  principall ;  but  the 
exceptions  in  this  kind  being  as  many  as  the  regularities  (the  younger  bdng  often 
brought  over  the  head  of  the  elder  to  be  principal),  their  chiefiiesse  wss  Penes  R^;is 
Arbitrium.  Nor  was  the  one  confined  to  foreign  negotiations,  the  other  to  domestick 
businesse  (as  some  have  believed),  but  promiscuously  ordered  all  affaires,  though  the 
genius  of  some  Secretaries  did  incline  them  most  to  foreign  transactions.  Their 
power  was  on  the  matter  afike,  and  petitioners  might  make  their  applications  in* 
differentiy  to  either,  though  most  addressed  themselves  to  him  in  whom  they  had  the 
greatest  interest  Their  salaries  were  some  two  hundred  pounds  a-piece,  and  five 
hundred  pounds  a-piece  more  for  intelligence  and  secret  service." — Fuller's  Worthies, 
p.  18. 

"  Before  we  come  to  catalogue  the  worthies  of  this  county  (Lincolnshire),  it  is  ob- 
servable that  as  it  equalled  otiier  shires  in  all  ages,  so  it  went  beyond  itself  in  one 
gpeneration,  viz.,  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  when  it  had  natives  thereof, 

1 .  Edward  Clinton,  Lord  Admiral. 

2.  William  Cecil,  Lord  Treasurer. 

3.  Sir  Edmund  Anderson,  Lord  Chief  Justice. 

4.  John  Whitgift,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

5.  Peregrine  Bartie,  Lord  General  in  France. 

6.  Thomas  Wilson,  Dr.  of  Law,  and  Secretary  of  State. 

All*  countrymen  and  contemporaries.  Thus  sea  and  lan^,  church  and  camp,  sword 
and  mace,  gospel  and  law,  were  stored  with  prime  officers  out  of  this  county.     N«r 

•  Here  I  mf otion  not  Sir  Thomu  H«ae*Cf,  at  the  sime  time  ■  grand  f^rouritr,  and  Prirjr  Cowt- 
eellor  to  Qaeeu  Elisabeth. 
3 


Diogrnpklcal  Sketch  of  the  Rt.Hon.  Thot.  Wilson,  LLD. 


Majesty's  most  honourable  Privy 
Council.  In  which  great  einploy- 
zncntshe  discovered  an  adequate  genius 
and  most  i>enetratingjudgTiient. which, 
joined  to  the  closest  application  to  bu- 
siness, and  a  vigorous  industry  in  the 
execution  of  the  many  arduous  affairs 
belonging  to  his  elevated  station, 
crowned  all  his  proceed  inga  with 
honour,  and  gained  him  that  reputa- 
tion which  the  concurrent  testimonies 
of  many  writers  confirm.  For  as  a 
Secretary,***  three  things  completed 
him,  viz.,  first,  quick  dispatch  and  in- 
dustry ;  secondly,  constant  intelligence 
and  correspondence ;  and  thirdly,  a 
large  and  btrong  memory.  Whilst  the 
different  parties  were  carried  on  at 
court  between  the  Earls  of  Sussex  and 
Leicester,  Queen  Elizabeth^'  would 
needs  at  first  favour  ray  lord  of  I^i- 
cester  against  tlie  Earl  of  Sussex, 
which  this  Doctor  and  my  Lord  Bur- 
leigh dissuaded,  upon  this  account, 
because  if  she,  who  should  be  the 
common  mother  of  all,  inclined  to  one 
party,  and  leaned  to  aside,  the  ship  of 
the  commonwealth  would  be,  as  a 
boat,  overturned  by  too  much  weight 
on  the  one  side,  and  too  little  on  the 
other.  His  place  called  upon  him  to 
suppress  with  severity  such  seditious 
reflections  upon  the  state  as  came  to 
his  knowledge;  but  his  inclination 
was  to  dissipate  them  with  conni- 
vance and  contempt ;  for  to  be  opposed 
renders  a  faction  considerable ;  to  be 
despised  (and  watched)  ridiculous. 
His  peculiar  knack  was,  a  politic  and 
artificial  nourishing  and  entertaining 
of  hopes ;  and  keeping  men  in  sus- 
pense is  one  of  the  best  antidotes 
against  the  poison  of  discontent ;  it 
being  observed  by  this  statesman  to  be 
a  certain  sign  of  a  wise  government, 
and  proceedings,  to  hold  men's  hearts 
by  hopes,  when  it  cannot  by  satisfac- 
'  *  tion,  and  when  it  can  handle  things  in 

\  such  a  manner  as  no  evil  shall  appear 

I  so  peremptory,  but  that  it  hath  some 

^_       outlet  of  hope ;  which   in  the  easier 
^H       done,  because  both  particular  persons 

P  at 

L  kii 

^H       bh 

t 


and  factions  are  apt  enough  to  flatter 
themselves,  or  at  least  to  boast  M-hat 
they  believe  not.  In  general,  he  bears 
the  character  of  a  wise  and  worthy 
mtuister,  and  in  short  (to  use  the 
words  of  an  author  of  credit)*"  he  was 
Secretary  of  State  to  Queen  Elizabeth 
for  four  years  together,  and  it  argues 
his  abilit)'  for  the  place,  because  he 
was  put  into  it ;  seeing  in  those  active 
times,  under  so  judicious  a  Queen, 
weakness  might  despair  tu  be  employ- 
ed in  such  an  office. 

"  Nor  does  his  private  character, 
when  considered  as  it  is  published,  ap- 
pear beneath  the  dignity  of  his  public,^ 
for  his  parents  designed  him  for  study, 
his  nature  for  business  ;  his  presence 
a^ijisted  his  inclination,  and  his  com- 
plaisance his  presence,  and  his  good 
nature  both  ;  a  good  nature  that  would 
have  spoiled  a  politician  in  any  other 
but  Doctor  Wilson,  whose  wisdom 
was  the  largeness  of  his  soul,  not  the 
narrowness  of  a  shiA.  lie  had  that 
penetrating  and  comprehensive  Judg- 
ment, that  he  could  at  once  shew  the 
greatest  prudence  in  laying  his  design 
and  the  greatest  integrity  in  managing 
it,  as  rather  securely  knowing  than 
warily  close.  He  had  a  way  of  con* 
veying  effectual  and  imprinting  pas- 
sions, among  compliments,  suitable  to 
persons  and  business ;  he  had  his 
familiarity  to  his  inferiors,  that  made 
bira  not  cheap ;  bis  state  among  equals, 
that  made  him  not  envied  ;  and  his  ob- 
scr\'ance  to  superiors,  that  mode  him 
no  flatterer;  his  behaviour,  like  a 
well-made  suit,  was  not  too  straight, 
or  point  devise,  but  justly  measured, 
and  free  for  exercise  and  motion.  He 
was  more  reverend  than  plausible, 
more  considerate  than  active.  He  had 
a  slow  but  a  sure  way  to  honour, 
which  was  nothing  else  in  him,  but  a 
discovery  of  his  virtues  and  wortli, 
upon  any  occasion,  without  any  dis- 
advantage. His  thougbte  were  as  bis 
inclination,  grave;  his  Jisrour»eas  his 
readmg,  subtile ;  his  actions,  as  his 
education,    well  weighed,   regular  as 


uuat  it  be  foni;ottcn,  though  bora  in  the  Mme  thire,  they  wrre  uttcrlj  lOMwU**^ 
kindred,  and  mi»«:d  thcmHcUes  indeprodFntljr  (as  to  any  mutoal  saaialUM*)^ 
blewiDg,  the  Qufrn'ft  favour,  and  their  own  descfta. 

*•  Wood's  AtLen«  Oxou,  and  Fasti  Oxon.  ibid. 

'^  Lloyd's  "  Statesmen  and  Pavnuritcs  of  Eoglaod,  rince  tlie  Refbrns 
at  Londi'io  in  lGti5.  p.  2\2  and  -^1.3. 

*<  Fuller's  Worthies  in  Lincolnahirr,  p.  159,  sad  Bale  de  Script,  fi 

»  Lloyd's  Statesmen,  Ac.  p.  SOU. 

Gent.  Mao.  Vol.  III.  "%  V 


I 
i 


A 


474      Biographical  SHcetch  of  the  Ri.  Hon.  Titos  mison,  LL.D.     LMay, 


his  temper,  even  and  smooth,  as  cus- 
tom. None  had  a  more  skilful  raethod 
to  sway  natTire  in  othera,  none  more 
prudent  minutes,  and  seasonable  de- 
greis  to  check  it  in  himaelf ;  his  rule 
being,  never  to  practise  anything  until 
perfect ;  for  so  he  might  exercise  his 
weakness,  as  well  as  his  abilities,  and 
induce  one  habit  of  both.  Three  things 
lie  aimed  at ;  first,  the  search  of  truth 
by  industry  :  secondly,  the  attainment 
of  it  by  apprehension  ;  and  thirdly, 
the  enjoyment  of  it  by  assent.  Neither 
took  he  greater  pleasure  in  knowing 
than  in  relating  and  doing  what  is 
tme,  sound  and  plain,  without  those 
crooked  courses  which  shew  a  creep- 
ing rather  than  a  raised  nature.  He 
used  to  say  what  all  great  men  know 
(as  a  certain  author  takee  notice),^' 
that  he  was  six  times  a  slave,  vij.  : — 
1.  To  himself  and  his  Inclinations, 
till  he  had  advanced  reason.  2.  To 
the  world  and  its  insolence,  till  he  had 
improved  his  fortune.  3.  To  his  pupils 
and  their  tempers,  till  he  understood 
their  genius.  4.  To  fame,  and  its  re- 
ports, till  he  was  known  in  the  world. 
5 .  To  his  sovereigns  and  their  humours 
till  he  found  their  interest.  And  6. 
To  his  business  till  he  bad  attained 


experience. 

"  At  last  he  was  taken  out  of  this  life, 
A.D.  1581,  being  then  Secretary  and 
of  the  Privy  Council,  as  appears  by 
his  will,  proved  in  tlie  ensuing  year, 
wherein  he  constitutes  Sir  Francis 
Walsioghom,  one  other  of  the  prin- 
cipal Secretaries,  his  brother-in-law 
Sir  William  Wyoter,  Knt.,  and  his 
cousin  Matthew  Smith,  Esq.,  his  exe- 
cutors,"* and  was  buried  in  St.  Ca- 
therine's, near  the  Tower  of  London, 
leaving  this  conclusive  character  behind 


him  -.^^  That  although  he  made  not  mo 
much  noise  as  other  men,  yet  be  as 
effectually  promoted  the  three  maia 
supporters  of  this  natbn  : — 1.  Its  na- 
tive commodities.  2.  Its  artificial 
maaufactures.  And  3,  its  vecture  and 
carriage :  and  so  died  with  that  con- 
tent and  resolution  that  they  do.  who 
are  overtaken  by  fate  in  the  pursuit  of 
great  actions  and  public  designs." 

"  He  left  issue,  by  his  wife  Anne,*'' 
two  daughters,  Lucrctia,^'^  married  to 
Sir  George  Belgrave,  of  Belgrave.  in 
Leicestershire,  Knt.,  and  High  Sheriff 
of  that  county  ;  and  Mary,-'  first  mar- 
ried to  Robert  Burdett,  of  Bramcotp, 
in  the  county  of  Warwick,  Esq.,  mo- 
ther of  Sir  Thomas  Burdett,  the  first 
baronet  of  that  family  ;  and  snrviviag 
him.  was  married  again  to  Sir  Chris- 
topher Lowther,  of  Lowther,  ia  West- 
moreland, Knt.  She  lies  buried  in 
St.  Andrew's  choir,  adjoining  to  the 
parochial  church  of  Penrith,  in  th* 
same  county. 

"  Also  his  son  and  heir,  Nicholas 
Wilson,^*  of  Sheepwash,  in  the  county 
of  Lincoln,  who  married  Anne,  tJiv 
daughter  of  William  llenneagf,  of 
Bcnworth,  in  the  same  county,  Eaq.," 
bywhom  lie  had  issue  two  sons,  Charles 
and  Thomas  Wilson ;  Charles,  the 
elder,  married  the  daughter  of  — ^— 
CraycrolY,  of  Whisby,  in  Lincoln- 
shite,  Gent.,  and  left  issue  likewtM 
two  sons,  Charles  and  John.  Charica 
W^ilaon'-  was  a  major  of  horse,  iu  the 
service  of  King  Charles  I.,  and  was 
slain  on  the  king's  side  at  the  buttle  of 
Naseby,  1645.  having  married  the 
daughter  of  BIytbc,  of  Strawson  ; 
from  him  and  the  other  collaterals,  a/« 
descended  the  WiUons  of  this  place 
and  county.** 


4 


**  Lloyd's  Statesmen,  p.  113.  »  Vide  Probate  in  Cur.  Pvrrog.  Caal. 

"  Lloyd.  Ibid 

«?  Daughter  of  Sir  William  Wynter.  of  Lydney,  io  Glouccstmhire,  Knt 

"  Philijiot's  Stem.  p.  11,  in  Collegia  Armor. 

«*  Bar4ictt'»  Acoouot.  vol.  1.  p.3.<4, 

»«  Ex  Viisit.com.  Lincoln.  A.D.  I'r       "  '"  '  >i  herald, 

et  Thorns  lliom&nn,  grn.  Rouxc-Di  ar««chaL 

D.Joanni  Burrough,  Oartcr.  ct  0.  Ui>-..-....v- -  ..  ^.v^-t,.,  ,.vj..  <.^.  «-.».. ,..  .  .v^.  armor, 
in  Collrgio  Armor. 

•'  Prom  gnnip  of  which  knightly  family  in  that  county  the  prrsent  Earl  of  Wta- 
chfiWasnd  Nottlnizbaii\,  by  the  female  line,  deri\e»  ni«  Jrscent. 

**  Vincent'*  Lincoln,  No.  150,  fn.  Ii5,  in  Coll,  Armor,  ibid. 

w  It  appears  by  the  Visitation  iQ  the  llerald**  College,  that  <  i    of 

Nicholnis  hud  aUo  right  daughters.     There   is  a  Lincoluthire  ^  cnt 

to  16:14,  but  uo  notice  in  it  of  thii  family.  The  statcineDt  of  tin  i^wi'ii  i>i  i  ii.Mi.-<t  at 
Naacby  is  an  addition  in  aaother  hand  to  Viaceat's  Lincoln,  which  was  his  priratr 
ropy  of  a  Vtsitxitiun. 


i 


1835.]        The  Parisian  Omnibus  of  the  Seventeemtk  Century. 


There  are  many  docomeDts  among 
the  Cotton  iao,  Harleian,  and  Lans- 
down  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum, 
relating  to  state  transactions  in  which 
Dr.  Wilson  was  concerned.  They 
consist  of  instructions  to  Dr.  Wilson 
as  ambassador  to  Portugal  and  the 
Low  Coantries,  with  his  communica- 
tions from  Lisbon,  Antwerp,  Bruges, 
Brussels,  Dunkirk,  &c.  Instructions 
from  the  Queen  and  Privy  Council  for 
the  examination  of  prisoners  relative 
to  the  Duke  of  Norfolk's  conspiracy. 
Instructions  to  Dr.  Wilson  as  one  of 
the  Commissioners  for  the  better  ma- 
nagement of  traffic.  Correspondence 
with  Lord  Burleigh,  Sir  Thomas 
Smith,  the  Earl  of  Leicester,  Lord 
Cobham,  Sir  Francis  Walsingham.  the 
Earl  of  Sussex,  and  Sir  Francis  Knol- 
lys,  &c. ;  and  the  subjects  of  them 
may  be  thus  briefly  but  imperfectly 
stated  in  order  of  time  : — 

In  1567.  Negociations  with  the 
King  of  Portugal  in  Mr.  Winter's 
cause. 

1569-  Affairs  in  Portugal  of  Dr. 
Wilson's  brother,  a  merchant. 

1571.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk's  con- 
spiracy ;  the  Duke,  Barker,  Banister, 
and  Higford,  having  been  examined 
by  Sir  Tbos.  Smith  and  Dr.  Wilson 
in  the  Tower.« 

1572.  Traffic. 

1573.  Dr.  Wilson's  conferences 
with  the  Portuguese  Ambassador 
about  terms  of  amity  ;  a  French  libel 
against  the  English  and  Scotch;  a 
traffic  with  Barbary,  &c. 


475 

1574.  The  King  of  Spain;  the 
French  King's  marriage ;  tiie  Jesuits  ; 
English  conspirators  at  Antwerp;  the 
free  passage  of  merchants,  &c. 

1575.  The  citizens  of  Flushing  hav- 
ing impeded  merchants  in  their  navi- 
gation  up  the  Scheldt  to  Antwerp. 

1576-7.  The  embassy  of  Dr.  Wilson 
to  the  Low  Countries  to  compound 
the  diflfierences  between  them  and  the 
King  of  Spain;  the  stillprd;  Don 
John  of  Austria;  the  Spanish  Nether- 
lands, &c. 

1578.  Stewkley's  expedition  against 
Ireland;  intelligence  about  and  com- 
munications with  Monsienr;  the 
affairs  of  France,  Scotland,  and  the 
Low  Countries ;  adjourning  the  term 
on  account  of  the  infection ;  the 
Queen's  sickness;  Hardyng  and  Sand- 
ford  ;  riot  at  Drayton  Bassett,  jcc 

1579.  The  Queen's  objections  to 
signing  a  warrant  for  5001.  for  dis- 
cbarge of  posts ;  **  Desmond  destroy- 
ing Youghil. 

1580.  The  reproof  of  Dr.  Hutton, 
Dean  of  York,  for  misbehaviour  to 
Archbishop  Sandys ;  Du  Plessy  sent 
by  the  King  of  Navarre,  complaining 
of  the  cruelties  of  Montmorancy  and 
Byron  to  the  Protestants;  the  Tur« 
whits;  Prince  of  Conde;  Flanders, 
Spain,  Portugal,  &c. 

There  are  also  several  printed  do- 
cuments of  a  similar  description  in 
Murden's  Continuation  of  Haynes's 
Collection  of  the  Salisbury  Papers. 


THE  PARISIAN  OMNIBUS  OF  THE  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY. 


Mk.  Urban,  Mnrch  1 4. 

IT  is  much  to  be  regretted,  that  Le 
Grand  d'Aussy  should  never  have 
completed  his  curious  work  on  the 
Habits  and  Usages  of  the  French 
Nation,  from  the  earliest  period  to 
modern  times,    llie  editor  of  the  re- 


cent Bxlition,  M.  J.  B.  B.  de  Roque- 
fort, announced  in  1815  his  intention 
to  prepare  a  second  portion  of  the 
work  for  the  press ;  and  from  the  mi- 
nute and  valuable  information  supplied 
in  the  preceding  volumes,  it  must  cause 
every  lover  of  ancient  manners  to  la- 


>*  "  Next  the  jadgea  sat  Dr.  Wilson,  Master  of  the  Requests,  and  several  other 
persons  of  note."  "  Mr.  Wilson  swore  that  Barker  confessed  freely  withont  offer 
of  torture."     Sute  Trials,  Vol.  I.  p.  957.     1019.  Trial  of  the  Duke  ef  Norfolk. 

33  ••  Queen  Elizabeth's  economy  was  remarkable,  and  in  some  instances  seemed  to 
border  on  avarice.  The  smallest  expense,  if  it  could  possibly  be  spared,  appeared 
considerable  in  her  eyes ;  and  even  the  charge  of  an  express,  during  the  moat  delicat« 
transactions,  was  not  below  her  notice."     Home,  v.  47S. 


476 


Tkt  Parisian  Omnibus  of  the  Seventeenth  Cenlury 


inent  its  non- appearance  hitherto.' 
Had  the  entire  plan  proposed  by  the 
author  been  perfectly  finished,  we 
should  doubtless  have  had  the  result 
of  his  researches  on  the  Carriages, 
Coaches,  and  various  modes  of  public 
and  private  conveyance  used  in  early 
times — a  subject  which  haa  become 
the  more  interesting,  from  having  been 
partially  discussed,  so  far  as  relates  to 
our  own  country,  by  Mr.  Markland, 
in  the  Archscologia.- 

In  the  class  of  public  vehicles  now 
used,  perhaps  none  excited  more  sur- 
prise at  its  first  appearance,  nor  has 
been  more  extensively  useful,  than  the 
Omnibus,  so  called,  because  it  is 
convenient  or  suitable  to  all.  This 
invention  was  borrowed  from  our  con» 
tinental  neighbours,  the  French,  and 
among  them,  as  appears  from  un- 
questionabie  evidence,  the  usage  of 
similar  vehicles  existed  nearly  two 
centuries  ago,  and  has  only  been  re- 
vived under  a  new  name.  By  the 
kindness  of  M.  Monmerque',  (a  gen- 
tleman to  whom  the  ancient  literature 
of  France  is  under  many  obligations) 

*  To    those   unacquainted    with    this 
irork  (which  first  appparc^l   in   1782)   it 
may  be  nseful  to  give  an  idea  of  its  con- 
tents.    It  is  divided  into  seven  sections. 
1.  Novrritvrt  tirie  du  rigne  digital,  com- 
prising an  kcconnt  of  every  species  of 
grain ;    art   of    preparing   them   by  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  mills ;  the  various  sorts 
of  bread,  cakes,  pAtes,  &c. ;  vegetables, 
and  fruits.     ^.  Nourri/ure  tirie  du  r?ffne 
animal,   including  flesh  and  fowl,   with 
an    account  of    every   thing   pertaining 
to    hunting,    falconry  and   game,  milk, 
butter,    cream,    eggs,    cheese,   and  fish. 
3.  MftM  apprilet,  embracing  alJ    kinds 
of  condiments   for  seasoning  ;    potages, 
sauces,  rago&ts,  salades,  and  other  made 
dishes ;  p4ti<iserie8,  and  dessert.     4.  Dtt 
BousmtM,  under  which  is  treated  of  every 
description  of  bevcmge  made  from  grain  ; 
cider,  perry,  wine,  and  Tincynrds ;  arti- 
ficial   drinks,    ar    piment,     clary,    hip- 
pocraa,  &c. ;  spirituous  liquors  ;  tea,  cof- 
fee, and  chocolate.     .'>.  Mevble*  et  ulen- 
niet  praprcM  (ntjt  rtpat.     (>.  Ff»lin*   et 
Itanquelt,       1.    Utayei   particulier*    de* 
rrjia*.     The  second  portion  was  to  liavo 
embraced   every   thing    relative   to  civil 
and   domestic    architecture ;    furniture ; 
clothing  and  costume  ;  amasemeots  and 
games. 

*  Vol.  n.    See  alao  Page's  Carialia, 
p.270.  8to.  1818. 


I  am  enabled  to  lay  before  your 
readers  some  account  of  the  first  ee> 
tablishment  of  those  public  convey- 
ances,  compiled  from  a  small  work 
printed  only  for  private  distribution. 
intitled,  "  Ln  CamsKt  h  cmq  toU,  om 
lea  OjiNiatis  du  dix-wjttihue  nMr," 
12mo.   Firmin  Didot,  1828,  pp.74. 

It  is  certain  that  carriages  for  hire 
existed  in  Paris  as  early  as  the  mi- 
nority of  Louis  XIV.  and,  if  we  may 
credit  the  authority  of  a  writer  in  the 
Strnfford  Letters,  as  to  the  intro- 
duction of  Hackney  Coaches  in  Eng- 
land, by  Capt.  Baily,  in  1634,  the 
usage  must  have  been  borrowed  from 
England.'  In  the  middle  of  the  17th 
century,  Nicolas  Sauvage  had  esta- 
blished himself  in  Paris,  in  the  Roe 
St.  Martin,  opposite  the  Ruede  Mont- 
morency, in  a  large  house  which  bore 
for  its  sign  the  image  of  St.  Fiacron  or 
Fiacre  ;  he  let  out  coaches  to  hire  by 
the  day  or  hour,  and  from  the  sign  of 
his  dwelling  these  vehicles  took  the 
name  of  fvicre,  which  they  still  pre- 
serve.'* Sauvage  did  not  obtain  a  pa- 
tent for  the  sole  employment  of  bis 
coaches,  and  as  others  followed  hia 
example,  the  number  of  voitures  soon 
multiplied.  We  an?,  however,  ig- 
norant whether  the  coaches  were  sta- 
tioned in  the  street,  or  took  ap  pas- 
sengers at  their  own  doors. 

In  May  1657.  M.  de  Givry  obtained 
letters-patent,  which  empowered  him 
to  establish  in  the  squares  and  pub- 
lic places  of  Paris,  and  its  soborba* 

*  Strafford's  Letters,  i.  297.  Gougb's 
Topography,  i.  GH5.  Gent.  Mtg.  vol. 
IxJixviii.  1.  223.  591.  Pegge's  Curialia, 
p.  27P.  sq.  1  cannot  help  doubting, 
however,  whether  the  usage  of  hackney 
carriages  was  not  earlier  in  Prance  than 
in  England,  as  that  of  sedans  certainly 
was.  According  to  Pr.  Dnke,  hirtd 
coaches  went  from  London  to  Star- 
bridge  fair,  as  early  ss  the  l>eginaing  of 
James  the  Finit's  reign  ;  and  Prgge  fixes 
the  introduction  of  hackney  coaches  to 
the  year  1()25.  The  Utter  is  certainly 
right  in  his  deri>'ation  of  the  word  from 
haquenee,  rheval  de  loaage. 

*  Afttiq.  de  Paru,  par  SamraJ,  i.  187. 
In  a  letter  written  by  Sarnizin  to  Me- 
nage, in  May  UM8,  he  expmily  alludm 
to  the  derivation  of  the  term,  in  hia 
"charde  I'cnchanteor  fujcron,"  (Euvrea, 
ii.  If),  ed.  16^5.  Conrrming  this  ^«il/, 
•ee  Pegge's  Carialia,  p.S8J. 


I 


I 


1 835.]        Tht  ParisiM  Onwibug  of  the  SemteetUh  Ceniwy. 


477 


such  number  of  coaches,  caliches,  and 
chariots,  drawn  by  two  horses  each, 
as  he  should  deem  convenient ;  to  re- 
maia  for  hire  from  seven  o'clock  in 
the  morning  till  seven  at  night,  and  to 
be  hired  by  the  hour,  half-hour,  day, 
or  other  period,  at  the  will  of  the 
public,  for  the  purpose  of  conveyance, 
as  well  within  the  city  and  suburbs, 
as  to  the  distance  of  four  or  five  leagues 
in  the  environs.'  It  would  seem  that 
this  privilege  was  not  acted  on ;  for,  in 
December  1664,  he  solicited  and  ob> 
tained  fresh  letters-patent,  by  which 
he  was  allowed  to  associate  others  in 
his  undertaking.  Accordingly,  he  re- 
linquished his  patent  to  the  Brothers 
Mancini,  who  obtained  a  verification 
of  it  bv  an  orr^t  of  Parliament,  3  Sept. 
1666/ 

In  the  mean  time  new  descriptions 
of  voiharea  were  making  their  appear- 
ance in  the  capital.  The  Duke  de 
Roan^,  the  Marquis  de  Spurches, 
and  the  Marquis  de  Crenan,  had  ob- 
tained a  patent  in  January  1662,  em- 
powering them  to  set  on  foot  car- 
roMca  it  cinq  sou$  par  place,  which 
were  to  traverse  certain  determinate 
routes  in  the  interior  of  Paris.  These 
vehicles  began  to  run  on  the  18th  of 
March  1 662,  as  we  learn  from  the  fol- 
lowing lines  of  Loret,  in  his  Mun 
HUtorique. ' 

"  L'^tablissement  des  camsses, 
Tires  par  des  chevaox  non  rosses, 
(Mais  qui  poarront  &  I'avenir, 
Par  leur  travail,  le  devenir), 
A  commence  d'aojourd'hny  mesme ; 
Commodity,  sans  doute,  extresme, 
£t  que  les  boargeois  de  Paris, 
Considt^rant  le  peu  de  prix 
Qu*on  donne  poor  cbaque  voyage, 
Pr<^tendeat  bien  mettre  en  asage. 
Ceuz  qui  voudront  plus  amplement 
Da  flusdit  establissement 
S9aToir  au  vrai  les  ordonnances, 
Circonstances,  et  d<^>pendance8, 
Les  peuvent  lire  tons  les  jours 
Dans  les  placards'*  des  carrefoors, 
Le  dix-huit  de  Mars  nostre  veine 
D'<^crire  cecy  prit  la  peine." 


<  Traiti  de  la  Police,  par  Delamarre, 
iv.  437. 

«  Ibid.  p.  438. 

">  Liv.  xiii.    lettre  xL    dat.  18  Mars, 

i(;63. 

**  Two  of  these  placards  are  printed  by 
M.  Monmerqu<5,  pp.  40—46.  The  routes 
are  laid  down  in  each. 


In  the  letters-patent*  it  is  stated, 
that  the  undertakers  were  influenced 
by  the  desire  of  contributing  to  the 
convenience  of  a  large  class  of  per- 
sons "  peu  accommod^,  comma 
plaideurs,  gens  infirmes,  ct  autres," 
who  had  not  the  means  of  conveyance 
in  a  hired  chaise  or  coach,  for  which 
they  would  be  charged  a  pistole  (11 
livr.)  or  at  least  two  ^cus  (5  livr.  14 
sous)  per  day.  Their  petition  was 
referred  to  the  Privy  Council  25  Nov. 
1661,  and  granted  19th  January  fol- 
lowing. The  number  of  vehicles  is 
unlimited,  to  be  stationed  at  con- 
venient spots,  and  to  start  at  certain 
fixed  hours,  whether  empty  or  not, 
at  the  price  of  5  sous  each  individual, 
the  entire  route,  and  for  a  lesser  dis- 
tance, or  the  fauxboui^,  in  pro- 
Eortion.^o  In  the  route  thus  esta- 
lished,  seven  coaches  started,  and 
traversed,  for  the  first  time,"  the 
streets  which  led  from  the  Porte  St. 
Antoine  to  the  Luxembourg. 

According  to  Sauval,  these  voitnres 
for  the  first  few  days  were  followed 
by  the  hootings  of  the  populace,  and 
more  violent  signs  of  dissatisfaction ; 
but  a  convincing  proof  to  the  con- 
trary is  found  in  an  interesting  Let- 
ter,   addressed    by  Madame   Perrier, 

*  Monmerqu^,  p.  23. 

>o  In  the  ^rrit  du  Parlement,  7  Feb. 
1663,  which  ordains  the  registration  of 
this  patent,  it  is  commanded  that  no  sol- 
diers, pages,  laqueys,  servants  in  livery, 
workmen,  or  laboorers  (gens  de  bras) 
should  enter  the  said  earrotees,  and  that 
the  patent  should  not  be  prejodicial  to 
those  who  jobbed  coaches  (these  were  the 
fiacret)  in  the  city  and  fauxboorgs.  Ibid, 
p.  30. 

"  Some  trials  had  previously  takea 

5 lace,  as  we  learn  from  a  letter  of  the 
larquis  de  Crenan  (one  of  the  patentees) 
to  Amauld  dc  Pomponne.  They  wished 
to  ascertain  the  strength  of  the  ehevmue 
de  louage,  and  hired  a  coach  and  pair  for 
two  successive  days,  which  started  at  six 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  made  eight 
routes  "  gaillardement ;"  four  in  the 
morning,  before  eleven  o'clock,  at  a 
steady  pace,  and  four  after  dinner,  be- 
tween half  past  two  and  six.  "  De  U," 
says  the  writer,  "  vous  jogeres  du  reste," 
and  adds,  that  they  had  made  an  agree- 
ment at  100  crowns  a  month  for  the  first 
route,  which  they  hoped  to  establish  in  a 
few  days.  Dated  36  Feb.  1662,  Ibid. 
p.  31. 


478 


Tke  Parifian  Omnibus  of  the  Seventeenth  Caitury,  [Mav, 


sister  of  Pascal,'*  to  Arnauld  de  Pom- 
ponne,  vrho  was  living  in  exile  at 
Verdun,  griving;  an  account  of  the  first 
appearance  of  these  Camttte*  h  cinq 
90U8.*'  A  tranBlatioD  is  here  annexed  : 

"  Parit,  21  May,  1662. 

*•  As  every  body  ia  charged  with  a 
particular  employ  in  the  afl'air  of  the 
Coaches,  1  have  enrnestly  begged  for 
that  of  communicating  to  you  its  suc- 
cess, and  have  been  fortunate  enough 
to  obtain  it ;  so  that  every  time  you 
see  my  handwriting,  you  may  be 
sure  of  receiving  good  news. 

••  The  establishment  commenced  on 
Saturday,  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  morn- 
Lng,  wiiK  an  eclat  and  a  pomp  quite 
astonishing !  The  seven  coaches  which 
were  to  form  this  first  route,  were  dis- 
tributed thus — three  at  the  Porte  St. 
Antoine,  and  four  opposite  the  Lux- 
embourg, where  were  also  stationed 
two  Commissaries  in  their  robes,  four 
guards  of  the  Grand  Prcv6t,  ten  or 
twelve  archers  of  the  town,  and  as 
many  horsemen. 

"  When  every  thing  was  ready,  the 
Commissaries  proclaimed  the  esta- 
blishment,  and  having  shewn  its  ad- 
vantages, they  exhorted  the  bourgeoii 
to  render  it  every  assistance,  and 
threatened  the  lower  class  of  people, 
that  if  the  slightest  insult  was  offered, 
the  severest  punishment  should  fol- 
low— and  this  they  said  de  la  part  tlu 
Roi.  Then  they  delivered  to  each  of 
the  coachmen  their  cojra^uejr,  which  are 
blue,  the  colours  of  the  king  and  the 
city,  with  the  royal  and  city  arms  em- 
broidered in  front.  After  this  they 
ordered  them  to  proceed. 

"  On  thisa  coach  started,  with  one  of 
the  Grand  Prdv6t's  guards  inside  ;  and 
a  qua^^e^  of  an  hour  afterwards  an- 
other followed,  and  the  two  last  at 
similar  intervals ;  each  conveying  a 
guard,  who  remained  with  it  the  whole 


■'  It  is  certain  that  Pkseal,  his  aister, 
and  M.  de  Pompoane.  had  embarked  in 
the  gpecolAtioa.  Some  writem  iodeed 
bave  stthbutcJ  tlic  »ch4?i:ip  iiM-lfto  Pu- 
col,  but  M.  Moumcnjut^  <loc»  not  llmik  it 
probable,  since  nt  Ihik  |>rri<i<|  the  author 
of  the  I^ttrt$  Prorincicief  had,  from  his 
increasing  infirTnitiir*,  abandanrd  «II  lite- 
rary pttnuiu,  snil  was  loldy  occupied  in 
reDipons  occupation  i- 

I*  Moomert|a^,  p.  33. 


day.  At  the  same  time  the  arcliers  and 
horsemen  spread  themselves  through- 
out the  route. 

"  At  the  Porte  St.  Antoine  the  like 
ceremony  in  every  respect  was  ob- 
served at  tlie  same  hour,  for  the  three 
coaches  there  stationed,  and  the 
whole  was  managed  so  extremely 
well,  that  not  the  slightest  disorder  oc- 
curred. 

"  In  fact,  the  thinghas  succeeded  so 
admirably,  that   since  the  first  morn- 
ing there  have  been  numbers  of  coaches 
filled,  and  even  many  women  among 
the  occupants ;  but  in  the  afternoon 
such  nn   immense  crowd  assembles, 
that    it    is  difficult   to  approach    the 
vehicles:  indeed,  experience  now  teaches 
us,  that  the  greatest  inconvenience  is 
that  which  you  foresaw,  namely, — a 
number  of  persons  assemble  to  take 
their  places,  and,  on  the  arrival  of  a 
coach,  find  it  full.   This  is  provoking ; 
but  they  console  themselves  by  think- 
ing that  another  will  arrive  in  a  quar- 
ter of  an  hour ;    however,  when  the 
second  comes,  it  is  full  also ;  and  hav> 
ing  been  several  times  disappointed, 
they  are  compelled  at  last  to  proceed 
on  foot.     Least  you  should  think  I 
am   inventing,  1  assure  you  the  case 
happened  to  myself.     I  waited  at  the 
Porte  St.   Merry,  in  the   Rue   de  la 
Verreric,  having  a  great  desire  to  return 
in  a  coach,  because  the  distance  to  my 
brother's   house    is   somewhat  long; 
but  I  had  the  mortification  to  see  fivo 
coaches  pass,   withont  being  able   to 
obtain  a  place  ;  and  during  that  time 
I  heard  many  blessings  given  to  the 
inventors  of  a  plan  so  advantageoaa 
to   the   public.     As  everybody  spoke 
their  mind$,  there  was  one  who  de- 
clared  nothing   could  be   better  than 
the  invention,  but  that  it  was  a  great 
error  to  have  stationed  so  few  as  seven 
coaches  for  one  route,  which  did  not 
half   (iuffice,   and  that   it   would   r<.'- 
quireat  least  twenty.     1  was  in  locb 
ill   humour   myself  at   being   disap- 
pointed of  a  place,  that  I  was  aloKMt 
of  the  same  opinion,     llowerer,  tba 
approbation  has   been    so  QaiTenal* 
that  one  may  say  nothing  ever  CQm« 
menccd  so  v    "  '    '    ,:. 

*'  The  fit  nd  day  the  crowd 

raneed  thcin-i..-.  alont;  the  Pont- 
Neuf,  and  in  every  efrcet,  to  see  tbo 
coaches  pass;  and  it  tva«  pleasant  to 
observe  the  arti/ans  cease  from  thrir 


4 
4 


1835.]        The  Parisian  Omnibus  of  the  Seoenteenth  Century. 


479 


work  to  look  at  them,  so  that  nothing 
was  done  on  Saturday  any  more  than 
if  it  had  been  a  holiday.  Every  where 
yoa  saw  laughing  faces,  not  of  deri- 
sion, but  of  joy  and  satisfaction ;  and 
the  convenience  of  the  undertaking  is 
found  so  great,  that  everybody  wishes 
an  establishment  in  their  own  vicinity. 
The  merchants  of  the  Rue  dc  St. 
Denis  asked  for  a  route  with  such  im- 
portunity, that  they  even  talk  of  pre- 
senting a  petition  for  it.  llieir  wish 
would  probably  have  been  granted, 
by  giving  them  one  day  in  eight ;  but 
yesterday  morning,  M.  de  Roanes,  M. 
de  Crenan,  and  the  Grand  Pr^v6t, 
being  all  three  at  the  Louvre,  the 
King  conversed  on  the  subject  with 
much  interest,  and  addressing  himself 
to  the  above  gentlemen,  said,  "  Et 
notre  route,  ne  I'^tablirez-vous  pas 
bientot?"  which  has  obliged  them  to 
think  of  that  of  the  Rue  St.  Honor^, 
and  defer,  for  some  days,  that  of  the 
Rue  St.  Denis.  Au  rule — the  King 
declared  his  will  to  be,  that  those  who 
insulted  the  undertaking  should  be 
severely  punished,  and  that  it  should 
not  be  molested  in  any  respect. 

"  Thus  stands  the  affair  at  present, 
and  1  am  sure  you  will  be  no  less  sur- 
prised than  we  are  at  its  great  success, 
quite  beyond  our  hopes !  1  will  not 
fail  to  give  you  an  exact  account  of 
every  thing  favourable,  according  to 
my  charge,  and  to  excuse  the  silence 
of  my  brother,  who  would  gladly  have 
written  to  you,  had  he  been  able. 

G.  Pascal." 

Notwithstanding  the  last  paragraph, 
Pa.sral  has  added  a  few  lines  by  way  of 
postijcript  to  thb  letter,  in  which  he 
says,  that  an  attempt  had  been  made 
by  two  persons  of  the  highest  rank 
in  the  court,  to  prejudice  the  King 
against  their  project,  by  turning  it 
into  ridicule,  but  that  the  King  had 
spoken  so  graciously  of  the  plan,  that 
the  design  was  dropped. 

In  consequence  of  the  success  of  the 
first  route,  a  second  was  opened  on 
the  nth  of  April.  1G62,  from  the  Rue 
St.  Antoine,  opposite  the  Place-Roy- 
ale,  to  the  Rue  St.  Ilonorc,  near  tho 
church  of  St.  Roch.  One  of  the 
placards  describing  it  is  preserved,'^ 
and  in  addition  to  the  rules  prescribed 


'  •  Monmcrque,  p.  40. 


for  the  first,  announces,  that  passen- 
gers by  the  coaches  in  the  second 
route,  might  take  advantage,  on  pay- 
ing double,  of  a  communication  opened 
with  the  coaches  of  the  first,  in  the 
Rue  St  Denys ;  also  that  each  coach 
was  to  contain  eight  persons ;  and  for 
the  satisfaction  of  those  who  had  any 
complaint  to  make  against  the  coach- 
man, each  coach  had  its  number  placed 
conspicuously  on  each  side  of  the 
coach-box,  mdicated  by  one,  two, 
three,  or  four  fieurt-de-Ua,  according 
to  the  number  of  coaches  in  the  route ; 
and  the  arms  and  blazons  of  the  city  of 
Paris  on  the  panneis. 

A  third  route  commenced  on  the 
22d  May,  the  same  year,  from  the  Rue 
Montmartre  to  the  Luxembourg,  to 
communicate  with  the  other  two 
routes,  the  regulations  of  which"  re- 
semble those  of  the  former,  except  that 
the  blue  etuaqwa  of  the  coachmen 
were  to  be  edged  at  the  seams  with  a 
yellow,  white,  and  red  lace  igaloH.) 

Sauval  states,  that  after  a  few  years 
the  use  of  these  coaches  was  discon- 
tinued, and  he  attributes  the  failure 
of  the  enterprise  to  the  death  of  Pas^ 
cal.  The  passage  is  sufficiently  curious 
to  quote :  "  For  -the  space  of  two 
years,"  says  he,  "  every  body  found 
these  vehicles  so  commodious,  that 
auditors  and  maitres  des  comptesj 
councillors  and  courtiers,  made  na 
difficulty  in  entering  them,  to  come  to 
the  ckdielet  and  the  palace,  so  that  the 
price  was  raised  one  sous  higher. 
The  Duke  d'  Enghein.  on  one  occasion* 
rode  in  them ;  and  the  King  himself, 
passing  the  summer  at  St.  Germain, 
to  which  place  he  had  permitted  this 
sort  of  coaches  to  run,  actually  got 
into  one  for  his  amusement,  and  went 
from  the  old  chateau  where  he  dwelt, 
to  the  ncwch&teau,  to  visit  the  Queen- 
mother.  But,  notwithstanding  this 
great  success,  the  use  of  these  vehicles, 
three  or  four  years  after  their  esta- 
blishment, began  to  decline,  and  be- 
came so  despised,  that  nobody  scarcely 
entered  them;  and  this  failure  was 
attributed  to  the  death  of  Pascal,'*  the 
celebrated  mathematician,  who  some 
say  was  the  inventor  of  the  under- 

u  Ibid.  p.  46. 

>'  Pascal  died  19th  Aoff.  1663,  and  the 
usage  certainly  continued  for  several 
years  afterwards. 


460 


0»  old  Engliak  Poetical  Faeetue. 


CMay. 


taking,  and  that  he  cast  a  hottwcope 
to  determine  its  success."'' 

Daring  the  period  in  which  these 
coaches  were  in  vogae,  an  actor 
named  Chevalier  composed  a  comedy 
in  three  acts,  in  verse,  which  he  en- 
titled, "  L' Intrigue  de$  Carroa$e»  i 
cmq  toU"  It  was  represented  in 
1662,  in  the  Theatre  da  Marais,  and 
printed  in  1663.  In  1828,  in  conse- 
qaence  of  the  re-establishment  of  the 
Omaabui,  this  play  was  reprinted ;  bat  it 
seems  to  possess  no  merit  beyond  that 
of  confirming  by  its  allusions  the  facts 
previously  pointed  out. 


M.  Monmerqn^  states, his  researches 
have  not  enabled  him  to  ascertain  the 
precise  form  of  these  coaches,  bat  that 
as  they  were  supported  by  long  braces 
CaoupentaJ  placed  on  moutotu,^*  they 
probably  resembled  the  vehicles  repre- 
sented in  the  pictures  of  Vander  Men- 
len  and  Martin. 

At  the  close  of  Mr.  Monmerqo^'s 
little  treatise,  he  has  added,  as  con- 
nected with  the  subject,  some  docn- 
ments  relative  to  the  establishment  of 
porte-fambeau*  (link-boys)  and  porte- 
kmienea,  in  1662.  F.  M. 


ON  OLD  ENGLISH  POETICAL  FACETLE. 
iCoutu^ed/rom  p.  275.) 


BEFORE  we  proceed  to  fulfil  our 
promise,  touching  certain  ancient  hu- 
mourous productions  on  the  fruitful 
subject  of  matrimony,  we  wish  to 
notice  two  tracts  of  the  utmost  rarity, 
satirizing,  or  to  speak  more  properly, 
perhaps,  abusing  the  female  sex,  and 
thus  following  up  the  main  topic  of 
oar  former  article. 

The  first  of  these  is  by  a  very  un- 
gallant  rhrmer  (poet  we  will  not  call 
him),  of  the  name  of  Charles  Bansley, 
who  had  a  great  deal  of  the  sourness 
of  early  purit&nism  in  his  composition, 
and  was  wofuUy  disconcerted  and  dis- 
gusted by  the  vanity  of  women  in  his 
day.  He  wrote  in  the  reign  of  Ed- 
ward VI.,  or  at  least  his  production 
was  then  printed  by  Thomas  Raynalde 
(or  Raynold  as  it  is  usually  spelt), 
tibough  Ritson,  who  could  not  have 
seen  it,  gives  it  the  conjectural  date  of 
1640.  This  point  is  indisputable,  be- 
cause in  the  last  stanza  Bansley  puts 
up  a  prayer  for  Edward  VI.  and  his 
council.  We  have  no  dated  book  by 
Thomas  Raynold  later  than  1550,  so 
that  we  may  presume  that  this  "  TVeo- 
ty$f  ahewing  and  declaring  the  pryde  and 
tAu$e  of  women  now-a-dajfea,"  was  pub- 
lished between  1547  and  1550.  The 
onlyexisting  copy  was  that  sold  among 
Hebcr's  books,  and  it  roust  have  been 
the  same  which  T.  Warton  used  when 
he  quoted  a  single  line  from  it.  (Hist. 
E.  P.  iii.  367,  edit.  8vo.)      Hence,  no 


doubt,  Ritson  obtained  his  knowledge 
of  it.  Every  body  is  aware  of  the  ad- 
vantage of  a  sprightly  beginning,  and 
Charles  Bansley  was  fully  sensible  of 
it,  and  accordingly  commences  thoa 
edifyingly — 

"  Bo  peep  I  whst  have  I  spied? 

A  bug,  I  trow,  devising  of  proud  knacks 
For  wanton  laases  and  gallant  women, 

And  other  lewd  naughty  packs." 

In  the  next  stanzas,  however,  he 
suddenly  grows  extremely  pious,  and 
denounces  vengeance  against  all  who 
ventured  abroad  in  their  "  roast-meat- 
clothes."  County  towns,  and  the 
metropolis,  according  to  him,  were 
then  the  very  sinks  of  sin  : 

"  Take  no  example  by  shire-towns, 

Nor  of  the  dty  of  London, 
For  therein  dweU  proud  wicked  ones, 

The  poison  of  all  this  region." 

If  his  poetry  were  at  all  on  a  par 
with  his  piety,  it  would  be  all  the 
better.  Ailerwards  he  condescends 
more  upon  particulars,  and  thus  attacks 
some  old  lady  who  ventured  to  apparel 
herself  afler  the  mode,  and  perhaps 
dressed  a  little  more  youthfully  than 
became  her  years  : 

"  Sponge  up  your  visage,  old  bouosing 
And  trick  it  with  the  best,  [trot. 

Till  you  trick  and  trot  yourself 
To  the  Devil's  trounsing  nest." 


V  Antiq.  de  Paris,  i.  193. 

towr  strong  upright  pieces  of  wood,  fixed  on  the  axle-trees  of  the  carriage,  to 
I  'the  springs  or  braces  were  attached. 

4 


1835.] 


Old  English  Poetical  Facetitt — on  Women. 


461 


Furtber  on  Hire  meet  with  a  mention 
of  the  celebrated  "School-house  of 
Women"  (which  we  before  assign- 
ed incontrovertibly  to  Edward  Grosyn- 
hyll),  shewing  that  it  was  written  full 
ten  Tears  before  it  came  from  the  press 
of  John  King.  There  is  some  humour 
in  the  stanza  which  contains  the  re- 
ference : 

"  The  Sehool-hoofle  of  Women  is  now 
And  too  much  pat  in  ore,      [practised, 

Which  maketh  many  a  man's  hair  to  grow 
Through  his  hood,  you  may  be  sure." 

But  we  will  subjoin  two  or  three 
consecutive  stanzas,  which  are  worth 
quoting,  if  only  with  reference  to  habits 
and  manners.  The  author  is  address- 
ing and  warning  one  of  the  fair  sex 
whom  he  calls  Jelot,  a  name  that  is 
usually  abbreviated  into  Gill : 

"  Duck,  Jelot,  duck,  duck  pretty  minions ; 

Beware  the  cucking-stool. 
Duck,  gallant  trickers,  with  shame  enough 

Your  wanton  courage  to  cool. 

Hnifal    goldy-locks,  jolly   lusty   goldy- 
locks ; 

A  wanton  tricker  is  come  to  town, 
With  a  double  farthingale  and  a  caped  cas- 

Mach  like  a  player's  gown.  [sock, 

Away  with  light  rayment,  and  learn  to  go 
For  that  is  the  best  of  all ;  [sadly, 

That  in  no  wise  for  thy  carcase'  sake 
Thou  cast  away  thy  soule. 

From  Rome,  fromRome  this  canker'd  pride, 
Prom  Rome  it  came  doubtless. 

Away,  for  shame,  with  such  filthy  bag- 
gage. 
As  smells  of  popery  and  devilishness." 

Here  we  may  well  say,  that  Bans- 
ley's  zeal  outstrips  his  muse.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  for  his  own  sake,  that  in  the 
next  reign  he  somewhat  moderated  his 
fury  against  Rome  and  Popery :  if  not, 
he  ran  the  chance  of  burning  with 
something  even  hotter  than  his  own 
zeal.  Towards  the  close,  he  pays  a 
due  tribute  to  "plain  women  who  walk 
in  godly  wise;"  but  this  portion  of 
the  tract,  like  the  principal  subject  of 
it,  may  be  entirely  passed  over  with- 
out regret. 

We  will  now  come  down  forty  or 
fifty  years  later,  towards  the  close  of 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  During  the 
interval  the  violence  of  the  attack  had 
abated,  and  very  naturally,  for  the 
Queen  was  as  fond  of  fine  clothes  as 
any  of  her  subjects,  until  she  began  to 

Gewt.  Mag.  Vol.  III. 


be  so  old  and  wrinkled,  that  dress, 
paint,  and  periwigs  were  of  no  avail. 
She  then  began  to  scold  and  box  the 
ears  of  her  maids  of  honour  if  they 
ventured  to  look  beautiful ;  and  sevenu 
productions  issued  from  the  press,  se- 
verely censuring  excess  in  apparel  ge- 
nerally. One  of  the  rarest  of  these 
consists  of  only  a  few  leaves,  and  is 
entitled.  Pleasant  Qnippes  for  new~ 
fancied  Gentlewomen,  4to.  1595  (a  copy 
of  It  was  in  Longman's  Catalogue  for 
1815,  at  the  price  of  25/.) ;  what  be- 
came of  it  does  not  appear,  but  Heber 
haul  a  second,  of  the  contents  of  which 
we  shall  now  speak.  It  has  been  as- 
signed to  Nicholas  Breton,  but  upon 
no  authority  beyond  some  remote  simi- 
larity of  style ;  besides  what  is  above 
quoted  of  the  title,  it  professes  to  be 
"  a  Glass  to  view  the  pride  of  vain- 
glorious women,  containing  a  pleasant, 
invective  against  the  fantastical  foceign 
toys  daily  used  in  women's  apparel." 
The  first  stanza  is  as  follows : 

"  These  fashions  fond  of  country  strange. 
Which  English  heads  so  much  delight. 

Through  town  and  country  which  do  range' 
And  are  embrac'd  of  every  wight,* 

So  much  I  wonder  still  to  see 
That  nought  so  much  amazeth  me." 

The  late  Mr.  Douce  would  have  been 
delighted  had  this  tract  fallen  in  his 
way,  since  it  contains  so  much  to  illus- 
trate the  fashions  in  female  apparel  at 
that  time  ;  nobody  was  more  curious, 
or  possessed  more  curious  information 
upon  the  peculiar  habits  of  our  ances- 
tors than  be  did.  For  instance,  with 
what  zest  he  would  have  read  (gently 
shaking  his  head  with  energy),  and 
with  what  avidity  noted,  the  following 
passages: 

*'  These  flaming  heads  with  staring  hair. 
These  wires  tnm'd  like  boms  of  ram;   ' 

These  painted  faces  which  they  wear. 
Can  any  tell  ttom  whence  they  came  ? 

Don  Satan,  Lord  of  feigned  lies, 

All  these  new  fangles  did  devise. 

These  glittering  cauls  of  golden  plate, 
Wherewith  their  heads  are  ricUy  deck'd, 

Makes  them  to  seem  an  angel' i  mate. 
In  judgment  of  the  simple  sect. 

To  peacock  A  I  compare  them  right. 

That  glory  in  their  feathers  bright." 

This  reminds  us  of  an  anecdote  of 
our  good  old  King  George  III.,  on  an 
occasion  when,  very  late  in  life,  and 
after  his  faculties  be^an  to  ^«&!&kxOca. 


Old  EHylish  Poetical  Facetlcc—on  Women. 


rj-^  opened  Parliament.  It  was  the  fashion 
for  ladies  iheti  tr>  wpar  huge  head- 
dresses of  coloured  feathers,  and  ao 
they  were  ranged  in  state  in  the  iloase 
of  Lords  to  observe  the  cerctnony. 
Every  body  knows  that  King's  speeches 
to  the  Members  of  both  Houses  began 
invariably — "  My  Lords  and  Gentle- 
men;" but  George  IIL,  not  being  quite 
in  possession  of  his  senses,  and  lt>ok- 
ing  round  at  the  "  plumed  troops"  of 
females  by  which  he  was  surrounded, 
commenced  "  My  Lords  and  Pea- 
cockd,"  and  then  unconscious  of  bis 
error,  proceeded  to  advert  to  the  state 
of  public  affairs.  We  cannot  call  to 
mind  the  year  when  this  happened,  bat 
we  can  vouch  for  the  truth  of  the  story, 
inasmuch  as  we  were  present.  But  to 
proceed  with  the  pleaxant  quipa. 

After  ridiculing  and  censuring  the 
periwigs,  ruffs,  starch,  rebating  props 
"and  monstrous  bones  that  compass 
arms,"  the  author  llius  adverts  tu  the 
use  of  mafks,  which  it  seems  in  the 
latter  end  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth 
were  of  various  colours: — 

"  But  oti  each  wight  now  nre  tliey  ?een, 
The  tallow-pale,  the  browning  bay, 

The  swarthy  black,  the  grassy  green. 
The  pudding-red,  the  dapple-)^ey : 

So  might  we  judge  ihcm  toys  aright. 

To  keep  sweet  beauty  still  in  plight. 

What  else  do  masks  but  ma.*kcr»  show? 

And  iiiA»kers  can  both  dance  and  piny  : 
Our  marking  dames  can  «port,  you  know, 

Sometime  by  night,  »ometime  by  day. 
Can  yoii  hit  it  is  uft  their  dfvnoe, 
Deuce-ace  fails  stills  to  be  their  chance." 

Next  be  attacks  the  use  of  fans,  and 
is  especially  vigourous  against  busks 
and  stays,  which  had  then  come  into 
general  use.  and  were  mode  very  strong 
and  stiff.     He  eays: 

**  These  privy  coats,  by  art  made  strong 
With  bones,  with  paste  and  such  like 
wnre. 

Whereby  tticir  backs  and  sides  grow  long, 
And  now  they  humcss'd  gallants  are: 

Were  Ihry  for  use  against  the  foe, 

Our  domes  for  Amaitoas  might  go." 

Hoops,  aprons,  and  "  silken  garters 
fringed  with  gold,"  come  in  for  their 
share  of  abuse.  We  quote  the  fol- 
lowing passage,  because  it  is  an  early 
notice  of  the  common  use  of  coaches 
at  that  period  of  their  introduction 
into  this  country : 


•'  To  carry  all  this  pelf  and  trash, 

Berause  their  bodies  are  unfit. 
Our  wantons  now  in  coaches  dash 

From  house  to  house,   from  street  to 
street." 

Ariosto.  in  a  celebrated  passage  vin- 
dicating women,  asserts  that  all  thetr 
worst  faults  are  imputable  to  men,  aud 
the  author  before  us  attributes  the 
vanity  of  ladies  in  the  article  of  dress, 
almost  entirely  to  the  foolish  a<lniira. 
tion  they  received.  He  tells  the  men — 
"  Of  very  love  you  them  array 

In  silver,  gold,  and  jewels  brave; 
For  silk  and  velvet  still  you  pay. 

So  they  be  trim  no  cost  you  sare. 
But  think  you  such  as  joy  in  these. 
Will  covet  none  but  you  to  plcoie  r" 

He  concludes  his  satire  (for  satire  it 
deserves  to  be  called  as  much  na  any 
bv  Bishop  Hall  or  Marston,  both  of 
whom  it  preceded  by  several  years), 
with  the  following  excellent  stauzA: 

"  I^t  fearful  jwcts  pardon  crave. 
That  seek  for  praise  at  wary  lips  r 

Do  thou  not  favor,  por  yet  rave  ; 
Tlie  golden  mean  u  free  from  trips. 

Tlii^  lesson  old  was  taught  in  schools, 

*Tis  praise  to  be  disprais'd  of  fooU." 

This  versification,  the  reader  will 
observe,  is  sufficiently  flowing  an«f 
easy,  and  no  doubt  it  proceeded  from  a 
"  pen  of  practice,"  though  the  author 
might  not  like  to  put  his  name  to  it 
for  sundry  intelligible  reaions. 

We  must  now  revert  to  an  earlier 
period,   when   not  only  our  language 
was   somewhat   ruder,  and   less  mal- 
leable, but  when   our  poe1«  did  not  «io      h 
will    understand  the  use  of  it.     The     B 
three    small   tracts    we    arc   about    to     * 
notice,  were  all  printed  by  Wynkyn  de 
Worde  In  the  rrign  of  Henry  V'lll.,  so 
that  some,    perhaps  a  good  deal    of 
allowance,  must  be  mode  for  the  style    J 
of  composition,    They  all  relate  to  that   ^| 
interesting  subject.  Marriage,  the  (ir»t  Vi 
being  entitled  Tht  paj/nc  and  toroKt  t^f 
evyll  maryage  (to  preserve  the  antique 
spelling,  which  is  not  worth  preaerv- 
ing,  but  for  the  sake  of  tracing  edi- 
tions and  other  points  of  bibliography), 
the  second  being  called  A  complayul  of 
them  that  br  to  toont  maryeti,  and  tha 
third.  JJcrf  Aeyyiine/A  tkt  comptaymie  of 
th*i»  that  bm  f<.  '  '  '      They  are 

all  great  literni  ■  1  wc  are 

not  sure  that  i-i..    i..... ,.,,..  ..,  them  ia 
not  taken  from  the  only  known  exist* 


I 

I 


1835.] 


Old  English  Poetical  Faeetue-— on  Marriage. 


48i 


ing  copies.  How  far  they  were  or  were 
not  translations  from  the  French  it  is 
not  easy  to  ascertain  ;  but  our  neigh- 
bours unquestionably  have  several  pro* 
ductions  of  a  .similar  description. 
Translating  was  much  in  fashion  about 
that  time  ;  but  in  either  case  they  will 
serve  to  shew  the  state  of  our  language 
about  the  period  when  John  Skelton 
was  almost  the  only  poet  of  any  cele- 
brity. None  but  the  second  piece  we 
have  named  bears  a  date,  viz.,  1535 ; 
but  the  others  were  doubtless  printed 
near  the  same  time. 

We  will  first  examine  the  tract  upon 
inconsiderate  matrimonial  alliances  in 
general,  "the  pain  and  sorrow  of  evil 
marriage ;"  and  then  attend  to  the 
complaints  of  those  that  are  "  too  soon 
married,"  and  "too  late  married." 

The  writer  in  the  outset  informs  us, 
that  he  had  luckily  escaped  from  tile 
peril  of  a  wife,  and  no  doubt  he  was 
one  of  that  class  designated  by  young 
ladies,  "  fusty  and  miserable  old 
bachelors,"  who  strive  hard  to  make 
other  people  as  wretched  as  themselves, 
all  the  time  flattering  them  that  there 
is  great  luxury  in  such  a  dreary  lone 
condition.    The  author  says, 

"  I  was  in  purpose  to  have  taken  a  wife, 
And  for  to  have  wedded  without  avised- 
ness 
A  fiill  fair  maid,  with  her  to  lead  my  life, 
Whom  that  I  loved  of  hasty  wilfulness 
With  other  fools  to  have  lived  in  distress, 
As  some  gave  me  council  and  began  me  to 

constrain 
Tohavebeen  partableof  their  wofol  pain." 

And  again  a  little  afterwards : 

"  My  joy  was  set  in  especial 
To  have  wedded  one  excellent  in  fair- 
ness, [thrall 
And  through  her  beauty  have  made  myself 
Under  the  yoke  of  everlasting  distress  ; 
But  God  alonely  of  his  high  goodness 
Hath  by  an  Angel,  aa  ye  have  heard  me  tell. 
Stopped   my  passage  from  that  i>crilous 
Hell." 

This  very  ungallant  anj^el  it  appears, 
was  no  other  than  "  St.  John  with  the 
golden  mouth,"  who  seems  to  have  had 
some  particular  antipathy  to  matri- 
mony, for  no  very  assignable  reason  : 
He  warns  the  author  in  these  terms: 

"  Thus  wedlock  is  an  endless  pennance. 
Husbands  know  that  hare  experience; 

A  martyrdom,  and  a  continuance 

In  sorrow  everlasting,  a  deadly  violence : 


And  this  of  wives  is  gladly  the  sentence 
Upon  their  husbands  when  they  list  to  be 

bold 
How  they  alone  govern  the  household." 

He  adds  of  an  unhappy  man  who 
has  fallen  into  the  snare, 

"  And  if  so  be,  he  be  no  workman  good 
It  well  may  hap  he  shall  have  a  horn, 

A  large  bone  to  stuff  with  [in]  his  hood, 
A  mow  behind,  a  feigned  cheer  befom  t 
And  if  it  fall  that  their  good  be  lorn 

By  aventure,  either  at  even  or  morrow, 

The  silly  husband  shall  have  all  the  sorrow." 

After  calling  wives  "beasts  Teiy 
unchangeable,"  the  author  goes  on 
to  describe  their  habits  and  disposi- 
tions: 

"  They  them  rejoice  to  see  and  to  be  seen 
And  for  to  seek  sundry  pilgrimages ; 

At  great  gatherings  to  walk  on  the  green, 
And  on  scaffolds  to  sit  on  high  stages. 
If  they  be  fair  to  shew  their  visages; 

And  if  they  be  foul  of  look  or  countenance. 

They  it  amend  with  pleasing  dalliance." 

These  *'  great  gatherings"  were 
doubtless  at  Uie  performance  of  mira- 
cle plays  "  on  the  green,"  in  the  open 
air,  when  ladies  and  gentlemen  sat 
upon  "  scaffolds"  to  witness  the  exhi- 
bition. This  stanza  agrees  very  much 
with  what  Chaucer  says  of  his  Wife 
of  Bath : 

"  Therefore  made  I  my  visitations 
To  vigils  and  to  processions, 
To  preachings  and  to  these  pilgrimages. 
To  plays  of  miracles  and  to  marriages." 

It  is  to  be  recollected  that  compara- 
tively little  change  had  taken  place 
either  in  language,  manners,  or  amuse- 
ments in  a  whole  century  after  the 
death  of  Chaucer.  Being  satisfied  that 
there  is  no  "  serpent  so  perilous  and 
dreadful "  as  a  wife  "  double  of  her 
intent ;"  and  having  put  the  unmar- 
ried on  their  guard,  the  author  of  this 
tract  thus  exhorts  married  men  to  make 
the  best  of  a  bad  bargain : 

Therefore  you  men  that  wedded  be 
Do  nothing  against  the  pleasure  of  your 
wife; 
Then  shall  you  live  the  more  merrily. 
And  often  cause  her  to  live  withouten 
strife,  [l^e; 

Without  thou  art  unhappy  unto  an  evil 
Then,  if  she  then  will  be  no  beter 
Set  her  upon  a  lee  land  and  bid  the  devil 
fet  her. 


A84 


Old  English  Poetical  Facetix — on  Marriage. 


[May, 


Therefore  think  much  and  say  nought, 
And  think  God  of  hia  goodness  ; 

And  press  not  to  know  oil  her  thought. 
For  then  shaltthou  not  know,  us  I  ^ess, 
"Without  it  be  of  her  own  gentleness, 

And  that  is  as  mnch  as  a  man  may  put  in 
his  eye,  [a  fly." 

For  if  she  list,  of  thy  word«  she  careth  not 

All  this  is  not  without  humour  and 
threwdness,  and  we  arc  to  recollect 
that  it  is  about  300  years  old. 

The  production  we  are  nest  to  exa- 
mine is  exactly  300  years  old,  at  least 
that  time  has  elapsed  since  it  was  print- 
ed ID  1535,  underlhe  title  of  ^-}  romyhint 
oftkem  that  bee  loo  toon  married.  Dr. 
Dibdin  by  mistake  inserts  it  (Ames.  II. 
384)  among  the  works  from  the  press 
of  Wvnkyn  de  Worde,  without  dates, 
but  the  following  rhiming  colophon 
gives  the  precise  year  : 

"  Here  endeth  a  full  doleful  complaint 

Of  many  a  man  of  their  own  ttoncurd. 
Looking  with  face  pale,  wan.  and  faint, 

Cuniing  the  time  of  their  accord  ; 

Finished  and  done  the  Tear  of  our  Lord 
A  thousand  CCCCC  and' XXXV  at  Lon- 
don : 

Emprinted  also  by  Wynkyn  de  Worde 
In  Fleet  Street  at  the  sign  of  the  Sun." 

This  is  the  form  of  the  stanza  em- 
ployed throughout  the  body  of  the 
tract,  and  we  mention  it  because  it  is 
not  of  a  very  usual  construction.  It 
is  supposed  to  be  the  lamentation  of  a 
poor  busbund  who  had  incautiously 
taken  a  wife,  thinking  her  all  that 
was  amiable  and  admirable^  and  very 
soon  afterwards  found  his  error,  for 
he  had  not  been  married  three  days 
before  his  wife  turned  upon  him  like' a 
fiery  dragon,  because  he  only  hinted 
that  she  shooM  do  something  that  did 
not  exactly  hit  her  fancy.  He  ex- 
claims 

"  Now  am  I  in  threat  mischief  and  sorrow, 
Too  soon  I  put  my  body  in  gBg« : 

I  live  in  care  night,  even,  and  morrow, 
LJttle  lacketh  that  I  ne  enriu;r, 

To  be  too  soon  married  I  laid  my  gage : 

Caned  be  the  time  that  I  il  ever  knew ! 
The  devil  have  his  port  of  marriage, 

And  of  him  that  me  lin»t  thereto  drew." 

His  wife  leadu  him  a  miserable  ex- 
istence, but  as  it  is  too  late  to  repent, 
he  resolves  to  make  himself  an  example 
for  the  sake  of  the  rest  of  mexkind. 
He  makes  a  very  passionate  and  vehe- 
ment appeal  to  all  the  single  to  nchew 
marriage,  contending  that  it  is  beUer 


to  belong  to  any  of  the  orders  of  monks 
than  to  form  a  union  with  any  of  %hm 
"  she-fiends." 

"  Better  it  were  withouten  harm 

For  to  become  a  Celestine, 
A  Grey  Friar,  Jacobin,  or  a  Carm, 

An  Hermit,  or  a  Friar  Auatine. 
Flee  ye  therefrom  :  ye  seek  yuiir  fine 
And  the  abridgement  of  your  days, 

Wiicrefure  do  not  yourself  incline 
To  enter  with  right  and  other  ways.'* 

Wives  did  then  exactly  what  they 
still  do  when  they  quarrel  with  their 
husbands,  viz.  complain  to  their  mo- 
thers and  to  their  relations,  who  come 
and  take  her  part,  and  put  the  unhappy 
husband  almost  in  fear  fur  his  life. 
In  this  instance,  afYer  ill-using  him 
they  took  up  their  abode  in  his  house, 
and  regaled  themselves  at  his  expenoe. 

"  Tlien  come  her  coiudns  also, 

For  to  'cumpliah  my  passion  ; 
Her  gossips  and  her  neighbours  too, 

'Sembling  like  a  procession. 

God  knew  what  destruction  I 
Drinking  my  wine  all  at  their  case : 

All  things  go  tu  perdition. 
Nevertheless  I  must  hold  my  peaec**' 

The  author's  versification,  as  in  thia 
stanza,  is  not  always  the  most  har- 
monious. Daveaaot.  in  the  preface 
to  his  Gondebert,  which  he  wrote  al- 
most with  a  halter  round  his  oeck  (or 
at  least  in  daily  expectation  that  he 
dhould  be  put  upon  some  sort  uf  trial) 
says  that  tae  fear  of  death  ill  accord* 
with  the  music  of  verse,  and  much 
the  same  excuse  may  be  made  for  thi 
writer  of  this  poem ;  his  versification 
naturally  partakes  of  the  distraction 
of  his  mind.  Besides,  be  tell*  us  near 
the  close  that  it  was  his  first  effort. 

*'  Right  dear  friends^  lowlj  I  do  yua  tub- 
mit 

Of  myflrit  work  into  corrcclioa ; 
But  mine  own  will  cannot  «•  vrt 

Endcw  any  thing  uf  ition. 

ILither  1  will  abide  a  i 
Than  to  put  my  wit  aJ^-..^  i...t..^^'.-nce. 

Ventoaity  moat  abide  digestion ; 
8o  I  must  do  ere  I  come  to  eJaqoence." 

There  is  so  much  truth  and  reality 
in  the  statement  of  his  r»-^°,  ♦^•»'  wr 
cannot  avoid  coming  to  1 1 

that  he  was   an  actual  s-.; :ij 

thus  made  hia  rahunity  acnriceAtiic  to 
hid  species. 

We  may  dismiss  the  tliird  tract  on 
iDatrimony.  the  nm}tlainl  tf  tk*m  that 


A 


1835.3 


Oh  old  Eitgiitk  Poetkal  FacHim.^Mieylhi. 


48S 


Urn  too  late  muanried,  though  longer 
than  the  others,  with  greater  brevity  \ 
not  onljr  because  it  is  not  so  well 
written  in  point  of  stylti,  but  because 
it  is  heavier  in  the  treatment  of  the 
•object,  and  in  every  respect  less  cu- 
rious and  interesting.  It  is  the  sup- 
posed work  of  a  man  who  has  deferred 
marriage  till  late  in  life,  and  who 
though  his  wife  is  quite  a  model  for 
her  sex  in  most  particulars,  finds  many 
annoyances  and  inconveniences  attend- 
ing the  state.  Though  there  is  less 
humour,  there  is  more  coarseness  than 
in  either  of  the  other  productions,  and 
it  bears  stronger  marks  of  having  been 
translated  from  the  French :  some  of 
the  foreign  idioms  are  preserved,  and 
the  author  has  made  not  a  few  un- 
couth attempts  to  naturalize  French 
words :  we  have  therefore  poche  for 
pocket,  garfOHM  for  bachelors,  volmty 
for  will,  corsage  for  body,  temumage 
for  evidence,  &c.  He  thus  describes 
his  mode  of  living  when  young  and 
single : 

*'  Now  sith  that  I  have  my  time  used 
For  to  follow  my  fooUxh  pleasances, 

And  have  myself  oftentimes  sore  abiued 
At  plays  and  sports,  pomps  and  dsaoes. 
Spending  gold  and  sUver  and  great  fl- 
nances, 

For  fault  of  a  wife,  the  cause  is  of  all : 

Too  late  married  men  may  me  call." 

Here  the  reader  will  perceive  we 
come  again  to  the  form  of  the  "  bal- 
lad simple"  noticed  and  often  employ- 
ed by  Chaucer.  The  subsequent  stanza 
tothesame  import, contains  two  French 
words  which  the  writer  pressed  into 
his  service. 

"  Foolish  regards  full  of  vanity 

I  cast  overthwart  and  eke  contravers : 

To  day  I  had  peace,  rest,  and  unity, 
To-morrow   I   had  pleas  and  process 

divers 
Break  I  did  doors  and  fenesters, 

Serjeants  met  me  by  the  way, 

And  imprisoned  both  me  and  my  prey." 


There  are  very  few  oi  Wynkyn  de 
Worde's  publications  so  ill  printed  aa 
this  before  us.  In  the  stanza  just 
quoted  "  overthwart"  is  printed  "  over 
swarte,"  and  there  are  many  other 
errors  of  the  press ;  some  so  obvioua 
that  we  wonder  how  they  could  have 
been  committed.  Thus,  one  stanza  ia 
made  to  dose  with  the  following 
couplet : 

"  That  in  him  there  was  no  pnisssnee, 
Amity,  solace,  joy,  ne  pleasure, 

where  we  ought  of  course  to  nauiplea- 
soiice  for  "  pleasure."  However,  prin- 
ters were  then,  as  now,  capable  of 
any  atrocities.  The  subsequent  early 
notice  of  the  Romaunt  qf  tke  Rote,  and 
its  author,  is  worth  noting : 

*'  Theophrastua  us  aheweth  in  his  prose» 
That  in  marriage  all  is  out  of  tune : 

So  doth  also  the  Romaunt  of  the  Rose 
Composed  by  master  John  de  Mehnne." 

However,  as  the  translator  asserts, 
these  writers  were  never  married,  and 
therefore  only  abused  matrimony  "  at 
all  aventures."  After  sundry  digres- 
sions, he  concludes  with  the  follow- 
ing exhortation  in  favour  of  early 
marriages; 
*'  Better  it  is  in  youth  a  wife  to  take 

And  with  her  [live]  to  God's  pleasanoe. 
Than  to  go  in  age,  for  Grod's  uke, 

In  worldly  sorrow  and  pertnrbance. 

For  youth's  love  and  utterance, 
And  then  to  die  at  the  last  end 
And  be  damned  in  hell  with  the  foul  fiend.  '* 

What  humour  is  to  be  found  in  the 
performance  is  so  mixed  up  with  what 
is  indecorous,  that  we  are  unable  to 
give  a  single  specimen  of  it.  We 
should  mention  that  in  the  close  the 
writer  calls  himself  "  the  Author,"  aa 
if  he  were  not  merely  a  translator ;  in 
the  same  way  that  some  of  our  modem 
dramatists  endeavour  to  conceal  their 
obligations  to  our  neighbours.  The 
cant  name  for  a  cobler  was  formerly 
"  a  translator." 


Mr.  Urban, 
NOT  only  as  editor  of  the  principal 
works  of  Ovid,  and  as  critic  on  Teren- 
tianus  Maurus  de  Mctris,  and  as  hav. 
ing,  in  conjunction  with  Camerarius, 
edited  the  Iliad  and  Odyssey,  &c.  does 


MiCYLLCS  AND   MbLARCTBON. 

(■Contimued  from  p.  392.; 

Micyllus  deserve  to  be  named  amongst 


the  German  scholars,  who  at  that 
period  contributed  so  much  to  the 
diffusion  of  classical  knowledge.  I 
consider  his  services  in  another  line 
to  have  been  not  leaa  ^«l1uSa^&.  Vi5& 


486  MkyOnwtiMtlnetkmu  [lb] 


WM,  in  the  laDgoage  of  Bsjrie,  (me  of  rtahed,  diat  coOeclife  tulut  of  ] 

the  best  Latin  poets  of  his  time  in  Latio  poems  ^  1564)  cannot  be  re 

Germany,  and  held  a  very  bonoarable  bat  with  feelings  of  the  most  satisfii 

rank  amonf  the  learned  men  of  his  tory  kind.      It   is  singular  eooog 

day.    Accardingly,  being  enlisted  on-  that  the  German  language,  apparenl 

der  the  banners  of  Camerarios  and  before  any  other  in  all  £nr^,  pci 

Melancthon,    he  gave  his   share   of  sessed  a  translation  of  Tadtns  ;*  ai 

Mch  spiendoor  and  support  to  the  that  prood  tribate  to  the  tnstmctii 

reformation  also,    as  literanr  talent  of  his  coantrymen  (in  1S35)  mas  ti 

thcti  idolized  was  wonderfolly  calcu-  work  of  MicyUos.    When  tranalatii 

lated  to  bestow.  one  section  '(xviii.)  De  moriima  Gt 

It  would  be  wrong  to  set  tte  tlfgiir  tuaurmm,  (severa  illic  matrimonin ;  a 

verse  ol  Mtcyllns  on  a  level  hi  ImI*  nllam  moram  partem  magis  laadav 

and  in  beanty  with  the  'wiitlapi  if  lis,  fcc.},  his  feriings  as  a  patriot  ai 

lus  Italian  contemporaries.  ButviewaA  i»  a  man  most  have  been  deli^itlal 

in  another  light,  that  of  the  testimony  flh»  extreme.    To  the  virtnoos  wifie 

which  the  whole  of  his  Sfkit  bears  to  tt»  partner  of  Micyllus,  the  rel%ioi 

the  moral  character  of  the  good  people  matron  was  superadded  :  and  in  1 

of  his  country,  amongst  whom  the  EpiccdiOA  on  her  death,  we  read  eve 

reformed  religion  was  so  dearly  che-  particular  of  domestic  excellence. 


Qnos  igitnr  cultus,  aut  quos  pietatis  ] 

UUo  te  dicam  prsteriiase  loco  i 
Que  nunquam  rebus  surgebas  mane  gerendl^ 

Aut  coutra  somno  corpora  fessa  dabas ; 
Ut  non  divinis  operosa  ante  omnia  rebus 

Libares  Domino  vota  precesque  Deo, 
Atque  eadem  supplex  demissi  voce  rogares. 

Ipse  8U&  r^eret  teque  tuosque  maou. 
Hkc  eadem  natos,  eadem  data  pensa  trahentes, 

Ut  facerent,  memini  te  monuisse  tuos. 
Illaautem  que  sunt  castarum  propria  matmm, 

Et  senrare  fidem,  et  velle  placere  viro. 
Que  Panthea  magis,  et  que  magis  Icariotis, 

Ipsa  sue  domui  prcstitit  atque  viro  ? 

'  Micyllus,  having  pot  it  as  an  ob-  thus  to  describe  her  person.    Ha  i 

jection  that  fortune  nad  denied  to  her  terwards  asserts  the  respectability  ' 

the  gifts  of  splendid  beauty  and  ele-  her  family, 
vated    birth,   proceeds   very   happily 

Heu  miseros  homines,  superi  si  talia  curent, 

Atque  aliquis  tanti  sorte  negata  luat ! 

•  ••••• 

Sed  tamen  hcc  si  quis  nonnull4  in  parte  locanda, 

Atque  aliquo  laudis  nomine  digna  putat ; 
Tn  quoque,  quam  par  est,  referes  hoc  nomine  laudem, 

Cui  neque  vile  genus,  nee  mala  forma  fuit, 
Non  voltus  Helens,  nee  erant  tibi  corpora  Leds, 

Sed  facies  qualem  convenit  esse  probis ; 
Quanquam  etiam  hsc  licito  nonnullos  traxit  amore. 

Nee  carMit  cultu  prima  juventa  suo. 
Ilia  autem  generis  quis  nescit  nomina  vestri, 

Quoque  fuit  mater  prxdita,  quoque  pater,  &c.  &c. 


In  a  very  dissimilar  tone  to  all  this,     verse  at  that  day  ran  pretty  much  i 
the  genenJ    strain  of  Italian  Latin     the  old  style. 


'  *  Vide  SoAeby's  Catalogue,  heresfler  mentioned,  p^ 


1835.] 


MtafUms  and  Mtlancthtm* 


487 


Vivamns,  mea  Lesbia,  atque  amemns. 

And  it  is  chiefly  iodeed  by  way  of  ex- 
ception to  the  rule,  that  Dr.  Jortin 
(Erasmus,  t.  90.)  said  of  the  amiable 
and  benevolent  Sadolet,  he  "  writes 
with  as  much  piety  as  purity,"  or 
that  of  Flaminio,  though  he  too  once 
lived  at  the  gay  luxurious  court  of 
Leo  X.,  Mr.  Roscoe  had  occasion  to 
testify,  "  in  Flaminio  we  have  the 
simplicity  and  tenderness  of  Catullus 
without  his  licentiousness."  * 

More  immediately  for  the  purpose 
of  this  hasty  sketch,  let  me  pass  ou 
to  the  accomplished  Balthasar  Cas- 
tiglione;  whose  house  at  Urbino  for 
a  short  time,  be  it  remembered,  enter- 
tained Flaminio  as  its  guest.  That 
nobleman  has  left  on  record  what  I 
fear  must  be  regarded  as  a  very  un- 


common oflfiering  from  the  Italioik 
muse,  an  offering  to  affection  strictly 
virtuous,  to  chaste  and  conjugal  love. 
It  is  a  poem  contained  in  the  Sehcta 
Potmata  Jtalonm  (vid.  the  enlarged 
and  well  illustrated  edition,  Oxford, 
1808.)  and  it  bears  the  title,  Hippoljfte 
BttUhatari  CaatiUoni  Coigugi,  or  more 
explicitly,  EUgia  in  qud  ^git  Hip- 
polt/ten  auam  ad  ae  ipaum  acribentem. 

Balthasar,  at  the  time  of  writing 
this  Elegy  (about  1519)«  was  in  Rome 
as  Ambasisador  from  Mantua ;  and  had 
recently  from  Hippolyta  received  a 
plaintive  letter,  to  say,  that  in  his  ab- 
sence all  her  happiness  was  to  hear 
from  him,  to  think  of  him,  and  with 
their  little  son  Camillo,  to  be  reminded 
of  him — while  looking  at  his  portrait 
by  Kaffaele. 


Sola  tuos  vultus  referens,  Raphaelis  imago 

Picta  manu,  curas  allevat  usque  meas. 
Huic  ego  delicias  facio,  arrideoque  jocorque, 

Alloquor,  et  tanquam  reddere  verba  queat, 
Assensu  nutuque  mihi  ssepe  ilia  videtiur 

Dicere  velle  aliquid,  et  tua  verba  loqui ; 
Agnoscit,  balboque  patrem  puer  ore  salutat : 

Hoc  solor  longos  decipioque  dies. 
At  quicunque  istiuc  ad  nos  accesserit  hospes, 

Hunc  ego  quid  dicas,  quid  faciasve,  rogo. 
Cuncta  mihi  de  te  incutiunt  audita  timorem  : 

Vano  etiam  absentee  ssepe  timore  pavent. 
Sed  mihi  nescio  quia  narravit  ssepe  tumultus, 

Miscerique  neces  per  fora,  perque  vias. 
Cum  popnli  pars  hsec  Ursum,  pars  ilia  Columnam 

Invocat,  et  trepid&  corripit  arma  manu. 
Ne  tu,  ne  quseso  tantis  te  immitte  periclis : 

Sat  tibi  sit  tuto  posse  redire  domum. 
Romse  etiam  fama  est  cultas  habitare  puellas, 

Sed  qus  lascivo  turpiter  igne  calent. 
Illis  venalis  forma  est,  corpusque,  pudorque ; 

His  tu  blanditiis  ne  capiare,  cave. 
Sed  nisi  jam  captum  blanda  haec  te  vincla  tenerent. 

Tarn  longas  absens  non  paterere  moras,  &c.  &c. 

a  candid  review  of  the  I^atin  poetry, 
which  Germany  produced  at  that  pe- 
riod when  with  the  spread  of  classical 
learning  the  cause  of  the  reforma- 
tion was  so  advantageously  blended,  1 
do  not  scruple  to  claim  for  the  Ger- 
man writers  of  Latin  verse  (especially 
for  Micyllus)  a  higher  consideration 
on  the  score  of  hutorical  value  in 
what  they  record,  and  even  of  freedom 


Now,  if  it  be  true,  as  Bayle  tells  us, 
that  the  critics  found  abundance  of 
faults  in  the  verses  of  Micyllus,  and 
even  faults  against  quantity,  such 
faultiness  was  the  case  more  or  less 
with  Cis-Alpine  scholars  also ;  nor 
will  the  beautiful  lines  above  quoted 
from  the  pen  of  Castiglione,  bear  the 
ordeal  of  very  rigorous  criticism. 

Upon  the  whole,  therefore,  and  after 


•  Vide  Archdeacon  Wrangham's  very  pleasing  edition  of  Seltct  Poema  qfMttrC' 
Antonio  Flaminio,  imitated  by  E.  W.  Barnard,  p.  xxii. 


48» 


Mkfthmmd  Mela»etk9», 


[MqfV 


and  re«l  wnenity  in  the  compotition, 
tiuuk  the  eclat  of  their  Italimn  coa- 
temporaries  has  hitherto  in  tills  coan> 
try  allowed  them  to  enjoy. 

A  Ht  grander  and  wilder  basis,  how- 
tver,  has  the  fkme  of  Mxlakothoiv 
to  rest  upon.  The  Tariety  of  his  own 
attainments  in  every  branch  of  science 
and  literatore,  the  benefits  of  know- 
ledse  unceasingly  conferred  on  othera 
byhis  writings  and  by  his  lectures, 
and  above  all,  the  service  which  he 
was  thus  enid>ted  to  render  to  the 
cause  of  the  reformation  from  the 
admiration  paid  to  his  talents,  and 
tile  love  entertained  for  his  personal 
virtues  at  home  and  abroad,  may  well 
•lace  the  name  of  Mdancthon  m  die 
Urt  of  excellent  men,  tiie  indefatigable 
instructors  of  mankind. 

The  mildness  of  his  nature,  the  ^ra- 
Ha  qwedam  fatalii,  as  Erasmus  most 
aptly  terms  it  (Jortin,  i.  515),  may 
not  be  considered  as  the  mere  idio. 
syncnisy  of  human  constitution,  but 
as  the  aame  blessed  gift,  and  from  the 
same  source  as  that  temperament 
which  so  marked  the  beloved  disciple 
of  our  Lord.  Equally  remote  from 
the  "  timid  prudence"  of  Erasmus  as 
from  the  "  roughness  and  fiery  cour- 
age" of  Luther  his  friend  and  cot- 
league,  even  in  those  difficult  and 
dangerous  times,  his  conduct,  if  im- 
partially tried,  not  on  the  principles 
put  forUi  by  other  persons,  but  on  the 
actual  and  professed  convictions  of  his 
own  mind,  defies  the  charge  of  having 
ever  betrayed  or  injured  the  great 
cause  by  one  act  of  irresolute  weak- 
ness. And  the  historian  of  Charles 
tile  Fifth,  when  in  the  affur  of  the 
Interim  he  accuses  Melancthon  of 
having  been  "  seduced  into  unwar- 
rantable concessions,"  reminds  one  of 
that  Presbyterian  bitterness  against 
every  thing  Eraatian  (so  called),  which 
was  hardly  to  be  expected  from  the 
Modero/e  Dr.  Robertson.  Dr.  Cox, 
in  his  Life  of  Melancthon  (1815),  pp. 
482—93,  has  very  ably  shewn,  from 
his  reply  to  the  Jnierim,  that  the  im- 
pressions unfavorable  to  his  character 
on  that  ground  will  not  stand  the  test 
of  fair  examination.  The  perusal  of 
Aat  explicit  answer  is  quite  necessary, 
if  one  would  form  a  just  estimate  of 
his  deliberate  creed  on  the  question  of 
matters  then  called  ind^ermt.  And 
the  Life  of  Melancthon  by  Camera- 
5 


rius  (in  the  edition  Hals,  1777,  I^e- 
ferable  to  all  others) ,  contains,  amongst 
the  documents.  No.  xviii.  an  epistle 
(in  1549)  from  him  to  the  pastors  of 
the  church  at  Hamburgh,  in  which 
he  pleads  his  own  defence  with  great 
frankness  and  pointed  address.  How 
delicately  does  he  there  touch  those 
persons,  who,  at  a  safe  distance  from 
the  scene  of  action,  did  nothing  but 
talk  loudly  against  him  who  in  every 
debate  bore  ^e  burden  and  heat  of  the 
day !  "  Quod  cum  ita  sit,  aliquanto 
majora  odia  et  pericnla  subimus,  quam 
illi  qui  inter  applausores  suos  in  tuto 
nobis  convitiantur."  Again  he  em- 
phatically says,  "  De  mo^iit*  re&w 
jMi^tKiMitt.  Id  judicamus  utilius  esse 
quam  de  ve$titu  ant  re  timili  rixari, 
nbi  sapientes  clamitant  nos  tantum 
stnlti  morositate  aut  contumaci&  ad- 
versari  gubernatoribus,  alere  dissidia, 
attrahere  peregrinas  gentes."  And 
much  more  to  the  same  purpose  in 
justification  of  his  conduct;  so  that 
any  consistent  divine  of  the  church  of 
England  will  be  very  reluctant  to  con- 
demn the  part,  "  in  qutestionibus  oon 
necessariis,  pro  pace  Eccleaiasticft," 
in  that  critical  day  sustained  by  Me- 
lancthon. 


If  any  excuse  be  required  for  thus 
calling  ue  attention  of  your  readera 
to  the  memory  and  merits  of  the 
most  amiable  of  the  reformers,  suffi- 
cient reasons  for  so  doing  at  this  time 
exist  in  the  catalogue,  lately  published, 
of  books  and  manuscripts  once  be- 
lonsing  to  Melancthon ;  which,  along 
wim  the  other  collections  forming  the 
library  of  Dr.  Kloss,  are  advertis^  for 
sale  by  Mr.  Sotheby  in  the  course  of 
next  month. 

The  highly  interesting  publication 
in  which  those  valuable  articles  are 
described,  exhibits  incidentally,  as  at 
pp.  282,  309,  330,  331,  fresh  lUustra- 
tion  of  that  singular  acuteness,  tact, 
and  perseverance  in  Mr.  Ottley  of  the 
British  Museum;  by  which  he  has 
been  enabled,  from  tracing  nice  cir- 
cumstances, however  minute,  yet 
essentially  interwoven  with  points  of 
importance,  to  detect  what  had  escaped 
the  sagacity  of  other  eyes.  The  un- 
feigned tribute  of  a  scholar's  thanks 
is  here  tendered  to  Mr.  Ottley  for  the 
service  rendered  to  paleography  in  his 
teceut  work  on  the  Attronomical  Poem 


limt  \fritf  /S.ifi   Vol  m. 


OGMORC    CASTLl  .aUAMOROANSHiRE 


1. 


Plan    of' 
LowerStcry 


Portal 


CapUai 


NEWCASTLE,    GLAMORO 


1835.] 


Cahtles  ok  Gwknt  Ji.NU  Dyfed. — Newcastle. 


48» 


by  Arotua.  Amongst  many  curious 
points  of  learning  there  investigated, 
he  has  satisfactorily  established  the  an- 
cient use  g(  minuscule  characters  in 
writing;  and  has  on  thatground  rendered 
it  more  ihnn  probable,  that  various  im- 
pMirtant  MSS.  belong  loan  earlier  date 
by  several  centuries  than  the  age  to 
which  antiquaries  have  hitherto  ouigD- 
ed  them>         Yours,  &c.  J.  T. 


[Ca8TLF8  of  GwKNT  AMD  DtFED. 
No.  II.  NkWCA8TL£. 

THIS  castle  is  situated  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Glaraorgan,  in  the  hundred  of 
its  own  name,  and  upon  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  town  of  Bridgend. 
It  appears  to  have  derived  its  appi'lia- 
tion  in  contradistinction  from  Old- 
caatle.  traces  of  which  are  said  still  to 
be  visible  upon  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ogmorc,  between  it  and  the  chapel  of 
Bridgend.     (See  Plate.* J 

Ncwcaatle  ia  placed  upon  the  «um- 
^^^nit  of  lias  hilts,   the   escarpment   of 
^^nrhich  towards  the  river,  or  north  or 
north- eastern  sides,  forms  a  precipi- 
tous cliff  of  eighty  or  a  hundred  feet. 
and  on  the  southern  sides  falls  off  as 
a  steep  descent.     Directly  to  tlic  south 
of  the  castle,  and  separated  from   it 
only  by  the  intervention  of  the  church- 
yard,   is   the   church,  occupying   the 
slope  of  the  hill  a  little  lower  down. 
^The  castle  appears  to  have  consisted 
^wurigioally  of  a  ke«p,  an  encetntf  and 
^^^atU,  two  toaer$,  a  gateway,  and  a 
species  oioutvork,  or  raised  platform, 
between  the  wall  of  the  enceinte  aud 
the  churcli-yard. 

The  Krrjj]  which  wa«  in  the  mid- 
dle of  tin.'  enceinte,  has  now  completely 
disapptiarcd,  no  traces  of  it  whatever 
remain lug ;   its  situation   was,   how- 
ever, politely  pointed  out  lo  us  by  the 
'"cv.  incumbent,  whose  advanced  age 
rmitted  of  his  remembering  the  ex- 
tence  of  portions  of  it.     It  is  said 
have  been  srjuare.     The  enceinte  in 
hich  the  keep  stood,   hexagonal  in 
re,  occupies  about  a  quarter  of  an 
re ;   it  is  now  employed  as  the  kit- 
chen garden  of  ttic  partOD^e,  and  was 

•  The  C'xulle  of  Oijmore,  the  subject  of 
,p  other  view,  wu  described  in  cur 
[arch  numlirr. 

Mag.   Vol,  HI. 


^^Karch  ni 


kept,   when  we  visited  tiic  place  in 
1834,  in  very  creditable  order. 

The  iralUof  the  enceinte,  varying  in 
height  from  twenty  to  tliirty  feet,  are 
for  the  roost  part  still  standing.  To- 
wards the  north-west  are  traces  of  a 
tower,  the  remains  of  which,  however»j 
being  tower  than  the  wall,  are  not  re-i 
presented  in  the  drawing.  The  battle-i 
ments  have  long  since  disappeared^] 
and  the  wall  itat'if  at  the  south-wcatj 
angle  is  much  dilapidated,  though  stillj 
in  some  measure  supported  by  a  moi 
of  earth  which  leads  up  to  the  lir 
story  of  the  gate  tower.  That  face  of 
the  wall  in  which  the  gate  opens,  is 
of  later  masonry  than  the  rest. 

The  f/ale-toiver  is  a  quadrangular 
structure,  two  stories  in  height,  half 
within  and  half  without  the  curtain, 
and  widening  externally  towar<la  the 
bottom  into  a  sort  of  buttress.  The 
stories  contain  one  chamber  each,  and 
the  ground  t]oor  seems  to  have  beea 
solid,  or  at  any  rate  is  now  completely 
blocked  up.  'i'he  lower  story,  about 
12  feet  by  15,  is  accessible  only  from 
the  western  rampart ;  it  has  two  win- 
dows northward  looking  into  tlie  court* 
and  one  southward  towards  the  exte- 
rior ;  the  door  is,  as  we  have  said,  on 
the  western  side,  and  the  eastern  is 
occupied  by  a  tire-place.  The  story 
above  is  similar  to  this. 

The  portal,  a  little  to  the  east  of  the 
gate-tower,  is  of  a  very  lingular  struc- 
ture, and  merits  especial  attention. 
The  arch  of  entrance  is  segmental,  or 
less  than  a  semicircle  ;  ita  curve  and 
lintels  are  ornamented  with  a  plain 
bead  at  the  angle,  and  composed  of  i 
stones  of  which  the  alternate  ones  pro- 
ject like  the  coigns  of  a  brick  building, 
or  a  rnllodian  dour- case. 

Exterior  to,  and  in  front  of  thia 
arch,  are  two  columns  of  about  eight 
feet  in  hL-ight,  and  resting  upon  plain 
Doric  baaeii,  aud  the  shafts  terminat- 
ing on  a  level  with  the  spring  of  the 
last- described  uich.  The  capitals  are 
different  ;  that  to  the  west,  of  which 
au  enlarged  sketch  is  represented,  re- 
sembles closely  in  its  ornaments  the 
Ionic,  and  is  much  more  l*kc  early 
Italiauthanregulni  Norman  work.  The 
other  IK  a  plain  Norman  capital,  very 
similar  tn  the  former  in  general  furm, 
but  differing  from  it  in  llic  absence  of 
ornament,  and  in  its  rounded  cornerB. 
Upon  these  capUala  tc&ta  a.  (%^V»x  ^it- 


micircnlar  arch,  •which  stands  out  in  a 
bold  relief  from  the  wall,  and  thus  in- 
closes a  kind  of  tympanum  between 
it  and  the  segmental  arch  of  the  [jortal. 

Within  the  lintels  arc  the  traces  of 
hinges  and  a  bolt,  'ilie  curtain- wall 3 
throughout  are  perforated  by  the  usual 
holes. 

The  platform  m  front  of  the  castle 
doea  not  extend  above  twenty  feet, 
and  terminates  suddenly  in  a  sort  of 
ha-ha,  about  six  feet  deep.  To  the 
east  it  is  stopped  by  Ihe  clift,  and  to  the 
weat  it  is  gradually  lost  in  the  higher 
ground.  With  respect  to  the  date  of 
this  castle  history  is  silfnt.  There 
can  be  no  doubt  but  that  the  portal 
and  the  wall  in  which  it  opens  arc  co- 
eval, and  of  the  Norman  period. 
Tradition  attributrs  tbf  building  of 
thi*  castle  to  "  Salyis,"  an  Italian  ar- 
chitect, from  whom  the  adjacent  estate 
of  "  Laleston"  derived  its  name.  This 
is  rendered  highly  probable  from  the 
internal  evidence  of  the  capital,  which 
resembles  closely  those  capitals  at 
Westminster,  known  to  have  been 
worked  by  Italians.  The  presumed 
figure  and  shape  of  the  keep  agree 
aho  with  the  Normnti  origin  of  the 
caitle.  The  gate-tower  id  of  much 
later  date  ;  its  windows  flat'heoded, 
divided  by  amullion  and  transom  into 
four  light's,  and  ornamented  above 
with  a  dripstone  with  returned  ends, 
are  evidently  late  Perpendicular,  and 
resemble  in  many  respects  those  here- 
after to  be  noticed  at  Coity. 

It  is  however  possible,  that  the 
windows  may  have  bjen  interpolated, 
and  that  the  ma^s  of  the  tower  may 
be  of  older  date,  though  even  then  it 
could  nut  be  considerrd  of  the  age  of 
the  ueighhcmrinB;  eastern  wall,  to 
which  in  masonry  it  is  much  inferior. 
The  castle  is  chiedy  composed  of  lime- 
stuue,  and  the  mortar  of  its  older 
portion  IS  still  toU*rably  ftrm.  It  is  at 
present  the  pro|)erty  of  the  Ejirl  of 
Duuraven.  G.  T.  C. 


_ ,      , .  W«  ifttrd,  Ufa  r  Hou, 

IN  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1833.  (Vol.  cii.  p.  501)  I  offered  a 
communication  concerning  a  topocra- 
phical  desideratum,  viz..  the  proKros 
of  Offa's  Dyke  upon  this,  the  C;iou. 
ccilvrahire  bide  of  the  Wye;  v.•V^'vc^i 


of 

I 


[May. 

progress,  tradition  says,  comniencett  ml 
the  Old  Passage  near  Chepsto\(',  and 
from  the  occurrence  of  pieces  of 
earthworks  has  been  deemed  to  pro- 
ceed to  Coleford,  in  the  Forest  of 
Dean. 

Trailitiou  is  not  to  be  despised ;  be> 
cause,  though  it  has  not  the  character 
of  evidence,  it  has  that  of  suspicion, 
which  is  often  a  jackal  to  a  lion,     la 
the  instance  alluded  to,   as  ia   maay 
others,    regi'orch    only    leads    to    the 
inference,  that  the  tradition  coocem- 
ing   this  Gloucestershire    progress   of 
Ofla's  Dyke,  is  similar  in  authority 
a  ghost  story — an  ocular  spectrum  d 
rived    from    earthworks     {apparenti' 
Roman)  and  a  wrong  appropriation 
histor)',  relative  to  OtTa's  dyke. 

A  gentleman*  and  neighbiour  of  con- 
sideration, OS  well  as  of  no  small  pe* 
uetration  and  intellect,  as  well  as  skill 
in  arcba;o1ogy,  has  written  to  one  a 
letter,  of  which  the  following  i*  ao 
extract : 

"  It  is  true  that  Offa's  naaie  i»  given 
to  the  Roman  lines,  the  Danish  aunjp,  ,^^ 
nod  the  British  works  accompanying  ^''^,^1 
man's  Akeman-i^treet  through  mj  Sed-^| 
bury  estate,  which  (111  up  all  assailable 
ititenal^i  of  prccipiceti  from  the  termiaa- 
tian  of  your  investigation  at  Ckemrali  to 
my  cliffs  on  Severn  ;  bat  if  Offm  bod  aor 
thing  to  do  with  rrfortifytDg  thcar,  j 
think  it  must  have  been  for  a  mUitaty 
d^enee  of  the  termination  of  his  liae.aiid 
that  the  Wye  wa«  the  amtentional  dr. 
fitarcatioH  of  ctmntrif*.'  It  is  difficult  to 
suppose  that  he  would  have  aulTpred  the 
cnatinuance  nf  a  Welsh  ground  Mwtm 
the  Wye  and  his  defences  on  the  cUffs." 

It  is  familiar,  that  the  Severn  fonned 
the    most    ancient  division    between 
England  and  Wales.     The  Monmotith 
and  Herefordshire  bauLs  of  the  Wye 
are,  in  the  ancient   recurds,  both  iJii 
Wales;  but  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  irra» 
the  Wyt,  beyond  Hereford,  was  mode 
by  Aihelstan  the   boundary  between  i 
England  and    North    Wales ;    while,  i 
with   regard  to  SnwM  Wale*,  Migdea' 
says,    "  Flumcn  Vaga  npiid   rostruia ' 
Striguleuse  in  auttro  Wailiam  ab  .\n>! 
glia   secuit.        Insuprr    ct    Hex   (Mfa,  | 
ad   per(K'tuam   Regnurum    Anglic    cC 
Wallite  distinctionem  habendam,  fecit 
fos.sam     perlongani,    tpiK    att    auairo 


*  George  Ormenxl,  Eat]^,  of  Sedbsry 


I 


The  Real  and  Pretended  Offa'a  Dyke — Lond'miana. 


491 


juxta  firistoltiam  sub  montibus  Wal- 
li>e  jugiter  se  eitendit  in  boream, 
fluniinnque  Sabrtna;  et  Des  in  eorum 
pone  [irimnrdiis  transcindit.  &c.  us- 
que ad  U3tiuin  fluiiiinis  Dcic  ultra 
Cestriani,  juxta  caatrum  de  Flint, 
inter  collem  Carbonura  et  mona«tcriuin 
de  Basing werk  se  protendit,"  • 
Asser  Menevensisf  speaks  thus:  — 
"  Fuit  in  MiTcia  nioderno  tempore . . . 
Rex  nomine  Offa,  qui  vallum  niagDum 
inter  Britanniain  et  Merciani,  el  mari 
Usque  ad  mare  faeerc  tniperavit." 

It  is  to  be  recolleclcd,  before  making 
any  deductiona  from  these  premises, 
that  the  question  is  not  whether  there 
existed  an  Olfa'a  Dyke  or  not,  but 
"whether  it  followed  the  banks  of  the 
Wye,  as  pretended.  According  to 
these  aulljorSf  it  did  not,  and  there- 
fore the  earthwork  on  the  Glouces- 
tershire side,  so  denominated,  is  mis- 
nomered. 

Firsi.  It  appears  that  the  Wye, 
fi^om  its  moutii  at  Chepstow,  was  the 
ljouodar\'  between  England  and  Wales, 
both  south  and  north,  and  that  Offa'n 
Dyke  does  not  conform  to  any  such 
lines,  because  it  runs  too  far  to  the 
east. 

Secondly.  The  Saxon  Chronicle 
shows  that  Offa  commenced  his  reign 
in  the  year  7b!i,  and  dieii  in  794. 
Asaer  Menevensis  died  in  9(J9 :  he 
Bays,  that  the  Dyke  was  made  "  mo- 
dfrno  tempore,"  and  there  being  only  a 
century  between  Offa  and  himself,  he 
could  have  bad  no  more  diSiculty  in 
ascertaining  its  a:ra,  than  a  person 
DOW  living  would  have  in  regard  to 
the  age  of  the  Monument  or  St.  Paul's. 

Titirdly.  Asser  says,  that  the  foun- 
dation of  the  Dyke  had  a  specific  ob- 
ject,  viz.  Heparation  of  Wales  from 
Mercia,  which  object  the  course  of  the 
Wye  could  not  effect,  because  it  turns 
off  to  the  westward  at  Hereford, 
rould  have  thrown  all  the  eastern 
itry  from  that  place  to  Chester  oat 
of  the  kingdom  of  Mercia. 

Fiturlhly.  Asser  says,  that  the  Dyke 
ran  from  sea  to  sea,  i.  e.  according  to 
Higden,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Severn 
to  that  of  the  Dee,  or  from  the  Bristol 
to  the  Irish  Channel.  The  latter  also 
'  lays,  that,  commencing  on  the  south, 
U  proceeded  under  the  Welsh  moun- 

•  XV  Scriptoret,  \dA. 
t  Id.  l.'.:. 


tains  to  the  north.  Now  the  line, 
from  the  Dee  to  Old  Radnor,  is  dis- 
tinctly visible ;  and,  as  the  undulation 
on  that  line  is  very  trifling,  it  will 
appear,  by  applying  a  ruler  to  the  map 
from  Old  Radnor  to  the  Bristol  Chan- 
nel, that  the  lost  portion  went  from 
Old  Radnor  by  Abergavenny,  and 
thence  between  Usk  and  Pontypool, 
terminating  at  the  sea  between  New- 
port and  Landaff.  According  to  Hig- 
den's  account,  and  the  maps  also, 
Newport  and  Caldecot-hill,  on  the 
Monmouthshire  shores,  face  the  mouth 
of  the  Avon,  the  "juxta  Brisioliam" 
of  the  Chronicler  ;  and  the  "  »ub  mon- 
tibua"  going  northward,  indicate  the 
Monmouth  and  Brecon  hills,  by  Aber- 
gavenny, &c. 

As  to  the  pretended  Offa'e  Dyke,  it 
consists  seemingly  of  communications 
between  the  Roman  camps,  &c.  thrown 
up  to  check  the  Silures.  The  trajectus 
at  Aust  b  undoubtedly  of  Roman  an- 
tiquity; and  there  is  a  cuasidcrable 
camp  at  Maget,  not  far  from  the  com- 
mencement of  the  pretended  Offa's 
Dyke  at  Beachley,  alia*  the  Old  Pas- 
sage ;  and  there  were  stations  at  Lyd- 
ney  rAboneJ,  Stanton  fBleatium J,  Bol- 
latree  CAriconiHmJ,  besides  castella  or 
other  works  at  Symonds'-yat,  Bury- 
hill,  the  Devil's  Pulpit,  Stow-green, 
&c.  &c.  These  works  must  have 
guarded  the  trajectus  in  a  most  pow- 
erful force,  and  almo*!t  invincibly  have 
protected  the  passage  of  the  Severn 
through  the  numerous  garrisons  which 
could  have  been  collected  against  an 
enemy  within  a  very  few  hours. 
Yours,  &c.  T.  D.  F. 


LONDINIAiNA,  No.  I. 
Ma.  Uruax,  /Ijnril  20. 

THE  Construction  nf  a  Kail-road, 
for  the  purpo><L'  of  conveying  ordnance- 
stores  from  the  great  keep- tower  of  the 
Tower  of  London,  commonly  known 
as  the  White  or  Cajsar's  Tower,  has 
affoided  an  opportunity  of  ascertaiu- 
ing  the  nature  of  the  foundations  of 
that  ancient  edifice,  which  prove  to 
be  of  wonderful  strength  and  solidity. 
Tile  foundations  of  the  White  Tower 
are  placed  on  the  natural  gravel  of 
the  soil,  and  are  evidently  constructed 
on  the  principle,  that  the  weight  of 
the  building  being  spread  over  a  con- 
siderable surface — settlement  or  sink- 
ing in  any   particular  \fut  m<in!A,  Vs», 


ihf  ToKtr  of  London, 


obviftted.  As  a  familiar  illustration, 
it  may  be  observed,  that  it  is  on  each 
a  principle  a  man  wearing  snow- 
&hoe3,  ts  prevented  from  linking  into 
the  light  and  unconipreisrtl  substance 
over  which  he  passes.  This  simple, 
bat  efiectual  mode  of  obtaiaiug  a  per- 
manent fooling  for  their  edifices,  was 
well  known  to  the  Romans,  who 
never  cared  about  placing  the  founda- 
tions of  their  buildings  derp  in  the 
earth,  but  commonly  constructed  them 
on  the  natural  surface.  They  were 
followed  in  this  practice,  it  appears, 
by  the  architects  of  the  early  part  of 
the  middle  age.  The  thickness  of  the 
wall  of  the  White  Tower,  at  the  po- 
dium, or  base,  is  truly  astonishing, 
and  is  a  striking  existing  commentary 
on  the  line  of  Shokspcare — 

"  Oar  c&siie't    strength    shall  laugh   a 
siege  to  scorn." 

It  is  constructed  of  Kentish  rag.  huge 
flints,  with  a  raixtare  here  and  there 
of  some  inconsiderable  fragments  of 
Roman  brick,  grouted  together  with 
lime  and  sand,  rontaiomg  a  vast  num- 
ber of  small  shells.  The  wall  is  27 
feet  thick  at  its  hasf;  it  has  an  nbut- 
meot,  or  lean-to  battening  outwards 
of  15  feet  more — total  thickness  of  the 
base,  42  feet !  This  wall  diminiahea 
gradually  in  substance,  as  it  has  been 
carried  upward — in  the  first  story,  to 
about  15  feet,  til]  it  terminates  with 
an  embattled  parapet  in  width  a  stogie 
yard. 

The  extreme  hardness  of  the  ma- 
terial renders  the  perforation  of  this 
'wall,  for  the  purpose  above  described, 
a  work  of  considerable  labour  ;  it  has 
been  efifected  by  steel  gads  or  punches, 
driven  with  the  mallot.  On  getting 
through  tlie  foundation  wall,  the  la- 
bourers, at  the  distance  of  about  six 
feet  inward,  have  met  with  another 
having  a  fair  external  face,  the  struc- 
ture of  which  has  not  been  yet  dis- 
turbed. 

Several  coins  have  been  found  in 
the  progress  of  the  work— a  very  fine 
one  of  the  Emperor  Nero,  (2d  bras?,) 
and  various  silver  pennies  of  the  1st 
and  2d  Edward,  Neuremburg  counters, 
&c.  Near  the  staircase  leading  to 
the  chapel  of  the  White  Tower,  were 
discovered  the  bones  of  an  infant, 
which  could  not  have  been  more  than 
two    ycar«    of   age^-a    circumatanrc 


which  renders,  in  my  opinion,  of 
somewhat  apocryphal  appropriation, 
the  bones  considered  to  be  those  of 
the  two  priuces  smothered  in  the 
Tower  by  order  of  Richard  IFI.  which 
were  dug  up  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
II.  near  the  same  place,  and  con- 
sidered to  be  efficiently  identilied,  to 
claim  translation  to  a  marble  a*r- 
cophagus  in  the  Abbey  church  of 
Westminster.  • 

It  is  curious  to  trace  how  the  ap* 
pellalion  of  Cseaar's  Tower,  some- 
times given  to  the  White  Tower  of 
London,  and  the  vulgar  tradition  sanc- 
tioned by  Fit?- Stephen,  that  ita  fooa- 
dations  were  cemented  by  the  blood 
of  animals,  may,  in  some  degree,  be 
reconciled  to  facts — for  the  tirst,  there 
is  little  doubt  but  a  castelltim  of  some 
importance  here  occupied  the  S.  E. 
angle  of  the  wall  of  the  Roman  city. 
and  that  it  was  of  sufficient  size  to  be 
used  as  the  receptacle  of  the  Imperial 
M  int ;  an  ingot  of  gold  waa  foond  in 
digging  the  foundations  of  the  Ord- 
nance-office, in  the  latter  half  of  the 
last  century,  stamped  nr  officimn  Ho- 
norii,-Y  and  the  discovery  of  Roman 
coins  has  further  attested  Roman 
occupation.  It  is  possible,  indeed, 
that  the  remains  of  the  old  Ranuin 
castellum  may  be  traced  in  thuaa 
foundations  which  now  appear  to  exist 
withiH  the  area  of  the  White  Tower.  fl 

As  to  the  statement,  that  the  blood  | 
of  animals  waa  employed  in  cement- 
ing the  foundation  of  the  Palatine 
Tower,  it  is  but  an  exaggerated  ac- 
count of  the  extraordinary  solidity  of 
the  wall  and  excellence  of  the  cement, 
which  the  recent  discovery  in  thoae 
points  has  fully  confirmed.  Fitx- 
Stephen  waa  well  aware  of  the  care 
which  the  great  Norman  architect 
Gundulph,  Bishop  of  Rochester,  had 
taken  in  constructing  this  fortresa; 
for  the  keep-tower  raised  by  him,  he 
styles — "  arcem  palatinam,  maximani« 
fortissimam,  cujus  et  area  et  muri  a 
fundaroento  profundissimo  exargunt, 
cemento  cum  sanguine  aninuilinm  ob- 
tempcrato."  Here  the  wonderful  •tn> 
bility  of  the  foundation  is  asserted, 
although  the  details  uf  its  cuaatniction 
may  be  incorrect.  ^t 

•  Vide  Sandfocd'sGeiiMlogkaltlitl.  p.      ^ 
402. 
f  >^  ArdiMlo«ia,  vol.  V.  p.  V99. 


I 


A 


L 


IKiS.] 


Roman  Colossal  Head. — St.  Mary  Overy. 


41).'? 


Roman  antiquities  continue  to  be 
discovered  in  the  excavation  for  foun- 
dations in  the  line  of  the  new  street 
leading  from  Eastchcap  to  the  Bank. 
Several  beautilul  fra^ents  of  Samian 
ware,  some  antique  rings,  and  two  or 
three  smalt  Iam|.)9,  have  been  found 
among  old  foundations  on  the  Roman 
level,  at  the  south-west  corner  of  Ni- 
cholas-tane.  One  of  these  larnps  M'a3 
Btam|jedontheh^ittoin  ASULA  FECIT. 
On  tile  opposite  side  of  the  way  may 
be  observed  at  the  same  depth  a  huge 
foundation  of  squared  chalk,  upwards 
of  a  yard  in  width. 

But  of  all  the  discoveries  to  which 
recent  engineering  operations  in  Loo- 
don  have  given  rise,  none  has  bean 
more  striking  than  that  of  th8  colossal 
bronze  head  exhibited  last  Thursday 
evening  at  the  Society  of  Antiquaries, 
by  John  Newman,  esq.  F.S.A.  Archi- 
tect of  the  Bridge  House  eslatos.  This 
most  interesting  fragment  ha.s  the 
character  of  Greek  workmanship,  par- 
ticularly in  the  eiiecution  of  tbe 
hair,  the  curls  of  which  oro  clustered 
with  the  broad  simplicity  of  the  an- 
tique. It  has,  I  have  little  doubt,  been 
the  head  of  some  Divinity,  and  from 
the  turn  of  the  neck  resetublin;Gr  that 
of  the  Belvidere  Apollo,  perhaps  was 
the  representative  of  the  Delphic  Utxl. 

The  eyes  appear  to  have  bt-cn  fur- 
nished with  jewels,  the  cavities  for 
the  insertion  of  which  still  remain.  At 
the  top  of  the  head  is  a  circular  hole, 
apparently  intended  for  the  insertion 
of  a  pipe,  an  artibce  which  might  be 
necessary  to  render  the  statue  oracu- 
lar. By  a  refinement  of  flattery  not 
unusual,  the  features  of  the  god  are 
made  to  resemble  those  of  the  reign- 


ing Emperor  of  the  day ;  the  face  la 
that  of  Hadrian.  This  head  was  found 
near  the  third  arch  from  the  Lon- 
don side  of  the  New  London  Bridge, 
opposite  Fresh  and  Botolph  wharfs, 
and  in  a  line  with  the  remain^  of  some 
baths  of  tessellated  marble,  which  I 
had  occasion  to  notice  in  your  pages, 
some  time  since,  as  existing  at  the 
back  of  the  Monument. 

On  the  destruction  of  the  remains 
of  the  spacious  hall  of  the  Priory  of 
St.  Mary  Overy,  I  need  not  enlarge, 
as  I  hear  it  will  not  escape  the  notice 
of  yonr  ioteltigent  carr(>spondcnt  E.I.C 
On  the  afternoon  of  the  Gth  instant  I 
saw  the  massive  eastern  wall  of  this 
ancient  refectory  lifted  up  and  thrown 
down,  by  the  force  of  levers,  with  one 
mighty  crash,  which  made  the  earth 
tremble,  and  raised  a  cloud  of  dust  as 
high  as  the  roof  of  the  adjacent  old 
priory  church.  I  remarked,  in  this 
ancient  wall,  that  between  every  course 
of  mafonrj'  had  been  thrust  a  layer  of 
thin  flat  tdcs,  about  4  of  an  inch  in 
thickness.  From  one  of  the  ruined 
arches  were  taken  three  of  the  stamped 
bricks  which  some  years  since  were 
considered  as  Roman,  but  which  Mr. 
Cruden's  Account  of  one  discovered  in 
a  welt  at  Gravesend,  and  six  in  my 
own  possession,  from  the  site  of  SL 
Katharine's  near  the  Tower,  exhibited 
to  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  in  1832, 
prove  to  have  been  of  the  latter  end  of 
the  reign  of  Henry  VH.  or  the  begin* 
□aug  of  that  of  Henry  VI IL 

I  purpose,  as  occasion  may  arise,  if 
acceptable  to  your  readers,  to  contiaue 
from  time  to  time  these  Londiniau 
notes.  A,  J.  K. 


COINS  OF  HENRY  THE  THIRD. 


Mft.  UanAN, — In  the  autumn  of  Inst 
year,  aa  some  countrymen  were  dijt^^ing 
potatoes  on  Lord  Bsntry's  demesne  at 
8c»  View,  county  Cork,  (near  which 
there  i«  a  burial-ground,  where  an  abbey 
formerly  stiwd]  in  a  Ijogtry  ►■{tot,  within 
six  inches  of  (he  surface,  they  turm-d  up 
lome  hundreds  of  silver  coins,  contained 
in  a  leather,  !<hB)ied  in  the  form  uf  the  leg 
ot'aboot;  the  leather  fell  or  crumbled  to 
piecM,  and  not  a  vestige  ntuld  lie  pro- 
cured.  The  coins  liecHuie  the  property  of 
those  who  could  gel  thetii,  and  were  M)ld 
or  given  away,  and  di!<persed  through  the 
country,  *o  that  it  is  impossible  to  know 


what  the  actnul  liutnber  was.  The  largest 
paTceU  1  believe,  otme  into  my  hands; 
Mild  I  have  been  able  to  examine  oome 
others,  the  result  of  wiiich  I  have  now  to 
cunuiiuiiicHte  to  you. 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  Scotch, 
the  hoard  consists  of  the  |iennies  of  Henry 
the  Third,  a  small  proportion  from  his 
Mint  in  Dublin,  and  the  remainder  his 
Kngtish  pennies,  all  with  the  long  cross. 
I  Nhiill  subjoin  a  genei-al  list  of  the 
Mints,  and  the  variations  of  moncyera 
and  readings.  One  Mint,  Han,  I  be- 
lieve, is  new ;  and  in  the  few  of  RtJC 
Terci  Mid  the  Hrx  Ave.  there  inay^cM. 


I 
I 

I 


I 


*tbly  be  8ome  noveUics.  The  penny 
which  1  have  placed  in  ihc  list  as  "  Fo- 
reign ?"  may  be  only  a  blundered  Henry. 
TLe  typi-  \a  precisely  the  same  as  Henry's, 
without  the  sceptre ;  Mint  mark,  b  star, 

Inscribed — "  vi ndits  ftF." 

Reverse  — "  eh  toi  can  on." 
There  were  about  a  dozen  cut  halfpence, 
one  of  which  wrs  Scotch,  one  Iriiih,  and 
the  others  English  :  but  no  8ubdivi!iion.«, 
into  farthings  whieh  I  have  seen,  of  Henry 
the  Third's  pennies. 

On^  of  the  Dublin  pennies  (with  the 
btisC  in  the  triangle)  has  at  fust  an  unu- 
sual appearance;  but  it  is,  i  apprebend, 
merely  u  blundered  coin,  and  the  reverse 
reads  *'  iiov  vidlni;." 

The  Scotch  pennies  were,  one  of 
William  the  Lion,  siimilur  to  No.  16, 
of  Snellicig^,  and  ten  ol  Alexander  the 
Second  i  of  these  only  four  are  renuirk- 
able.  The  Jirjvt  huK  the  Kin^V  head  iMri^, 
and  lookine;  to  the  left  (by  ivhich  I  raeun 
lookiitg  the  Aame  way  ah  the  coiiti>  of  im 
present  Majesty  William  the  fourth) 
with  the  sceptre,  the  type  being  exactly 
similar  to  that  of  Szaelling  Nu.  2,  which 
tome  numismatiitts  have  a^sijniedtu  Alex- 
ander the  First :  the  only  It'lters  un  the 
reverae  which  arc  distinct,  are  "'■  aiN  on." 

The  second  penny  bears  the  head  also 
to  the  left,  with  the  sceptre;  and  the 
reverse  reads  •*  lox  ru  on  pkh." 

The  ibirdand  fourth  are  of  theromraon 
type,  the  bcHd  crowned,  and  looking  to 
toe  right.  The  former  bears  on  the  re- 
verse  "  ai  on  wbahk,"  being  struck  at 
Dunbar;  the  latter,  •'  f.r  ov  gla," 
which  was  probably  struck  at  Glasgow. 
Both  of  these  Mints  arc,  I  believe,  of 
unusual  occurrence.  I  may  notire  a  fifth, 
the  reven>e  of  which  reads  backwards 
(VALT£S  on  a.) 

General  Lut. 

William  tiie  Lion      . .  1 

Alexander  the  Second  lU 

Foreign  ?        . .          . .  1 


Henry  the  Third. 

IrUh. 

Richard  of  Dublin 

..     60 

David  of  Dublin 

..     23 

>nry  the  Third.     Bnglith  Afinlt, 

London 

..    235 

Cantcriiury 

..   ifti^ 

York 

..      JO 

Hereford 

7 

iiloucester     . . 

3 

Carlisle 

3 

Shrewsbury   . . 

..       3 

Nortbaropton 

..      10 

Winchester    . . 

9 

firiatol 

8 

WUton 

2 

Shaftsbury 

..       A 

Norwich 

..      II 

W,  CO.  Cork. 

d 

Exeter 

lo 

Sl  Edmundsbury     . 

9 

Oxford 

5 

Lincoln 

12 

Newcastle 

6 

llchester 

2 

Rati  ? 

6 

Rex  Terci     . . 

5 

Hex  -Ang. 

2 

Blundered 

.        2 

Uucertain  Mints 

.      18 

1ST, 


702 

Lift  of  Mintt, .Vonepent,  and  I'ariaitMu, 
on  the  Penniet  ijf  Henry  the  Third, 
/rit'.nd  at  Bantry,  all  vith  the  lon^ 
cnttn. 

Richard  of  DuliUn 60 

an  ARI»  ON  DIVF,. 

David  of  Dublin 

OAVI  ON  WViXI 
OAVI  ON  D£VEU 

London         ., 

Nicholas,  with  the  sceptre   .. 

Without         

MCOLK  ON  Ll'ND 

Henry,  with  the  sceptre      ..  ..     3i 

Without      at> 

HF.SBI  ON  LtTND 
IIENIU  OM  l.UKDE 
UENal  ON   LUDEI 

Richard,  with  the  sceptre  . .  . .     90 

Without         ..  ..  ,  ..        1 

ftiCAiiD  ON  i.i;nd 

Walter,  with  the  sceptre  . .  7 

WitSiout  ..  ..  ..  ..        I 

WALT  0.»«  LUKOKN 
WALTER  ON  LUND 

William,  with  the  sceptre    . .         .  •       9 

WILI.EM  ON  LUND 

David,  with  the  sceptre       . .         •  •       ^ 
Without         I 

AAVI  ON  [.UNOE 
DAVl  ON  LL'NOtN 
DAVI  ON  I.UNDN 

John,  with  the  sceptre        . .  . .        ♦ 

JON  ON  Ll'NUtN 
JON  ON  LUND 

London  uncertain     . .                     . .  S4 

Canterbury    ..          ..                     .,  83B 

Nicholas,  with  the  sceptre              . .  49 

Without         38 

NICOLE  ON  CANT 

William,  with  the  sceptre    ..          .,37 
Without         6 

WILl.tlVI  ON  CANT 

f  JilWrt,  with  the  sceptre     . .  W) 

Without         ....  3 

On.BKRT  ON  CAN 
GILBERT  ON  CANT 

John,  with  the  sceptre 

JON  ON  CANTfc* 
JOHB  ON  CANTEft 

Robert,  «-ilh  the  sceptre 
Without 


n 


I 


1835.]                Penniei  of  Henry  Ill.—Sceatta  of  Ofa.  495 

KOBBRT  ON  CANT  Without        5 

EOBEBT  ON  CAN  &ANDOLF  ON  BED 

Walter,  with  tiie  sceptre     . .  . .       5            jon  on  sedmuno 

Without        1      Oxford,  with  the  sceptre      ..         ..       1 

WALTEAONCANT  Without        4 

Canterbuiy,  uncertain         . .  . .     28            wiixem  on  ox 

York,  without  the  sceptre.  . .     10            gocelen  on  oxon 

JON  ON  EVEBVIC  ADAK  ON  OXONIA 

ADAM  ON  EVEHW  HENRI  ON  OXON 

JOBD  ON  KV£B  ADAM  ON  OXONFO 

RENKR  ON  EVBRW  Lincolu,  with  the  sceptre    . .        . .       1 

TO — ON  EVERW  Without           ..            ..            ..            ..       11 

TUMA8  ON  KV£R  JON  ON  UNCOLN 

HEN  ON  EVERWIC  WILEM  ON  UN 

RENEB  ON  EVER  WILLEM  ON  UNC 

Hereford,  without  the  sceptre  . .       7            ricard  on  unc 

ROGER  ON  HEREF  WALTER  ON  UNC 

WALTER  ON  HERE  Newcastle,  without  the  sceptre      . .       6 

WILLEM  ON  HE  HENRI  ON  NEWEC 

PHILIP  ON  HERF  t.''°^  ^^  NKWECA8 

NICOLE  ON  HEROF  ROGER  ON  NEWEC 

Gloucester,  without  the  sceptre  . .       5            hitn  on  newe 

LUCAS  on  GLOV  JON  ON  NEWECA 

ilger  ON  cLnv  Ran?  with  the  sceptre        ..         ..      6 

JON  ON  GLOVCK  WILLEM  C— ON  RAN 

RICARD  ON  GLOV  WALTER  OK  RAN 

Carlisle,  without  the  sceptre  ..       3     Rex  TercL 5 

WILLEM  ON  CARL  HENRICU8  REX  TERCI 

ROBERT  ON  CARL  NICOLE  ON  LUND 

JON  ON  — ERLEL  NICOLE  ON  WINC 

Shrewsbury,  without  the  sceptre  3            Walter  on  unc 

NICOLE  ON  BROS  Rcx  Ang 2 

RICARD  ON  BROS  HENRICUS  REX  ANG  LIE  TERCI  LON 

Northampton,  without  the  sceptre        10  uenricus  rex  ang  nicole  on  cant. 

LUCAS  on  northa  Blundered     . .         n 

TOMA8  ON  NOBHA  GILBER  GIBBER 

WILLEM  ON  NOBHA  GILLEM  GILLEM 

Winchester,  without  the  sceptre  ..       9     Ilchester,  without  the  sceptre         ..      2 

W1I.I.EM  ON  WINC  BTEPHE  eN  IVEL 

NICOLE  ON  WINC  p.S.  Since  writing  the  above,  I  have 

NICOLE  ON  WIN  obtained  ahother  Variety  of  Alexander  the 

HUGE  ON  wiNCHE  Sccorid ;  the  bust  is  the  rare  one,  looking 

CEFREi  ON  —IN  to  the  left.     Inscription  on  the  reverse — 

iinstol,  without  the  sceptre  . .     8     a  lex  on  eden. 

JiEvaro^N  BBUW  ^1"'"''^.  *ry  ^t^''"  y«ia^on»  come  t<> 

HENRI  ON  BBUW  „y  ki.owledge,  I  shaU  add  to  the  list. 

ON  BB(  8TO  ^^^_                                                       1^  g 

JACOB  ON  BBUST "^ 

KOURR  ON  BRIST 

Wilton,  without  the  sceptre.  . .         2         .i-^^^^bfe.                    x^'^?"fe3s 

ON  WILT  /^Sfe.                  /^^"^ 

HUGE  ON  WILTON  *  j'.'vV,; ;.*»T!>J^               j//- 

Shaftsbury,  with  the  sceptre  ..       4    |rl.T,'re  rE-^l 

Without        ..         ....  ..       1     \rj^^M-^M&=^\\        .  _     ^ 

JON  ON  SFJNTKD  \:    iT}-"'^-^                \<^         <=^3 

JON  ON  8kini;d  XL.\L£^:/y^                ^^^^^f^^^ 

Norwich,  without  the  sceptre  . .        11 

JONONNoiiwiz  Bedford  Library, 

JACOB  ON  NOKWI  MR.   URBAN,                    ^,,  r  A  21 

lUNRi  ON  NORwiz  II A VINGundefKtood ffom  Mr.  Haw- 

v,«t  "i  J^^j,    *f^u*^         »  in     •''"«  '•'«  tlje  "bove  w;eatta  of  Offa  is  a 

txcter,  without  the  sceptre  ..       10     ^^ety  not  in  the   British  Museum,    I 

mv         T  ^'^u  "*"*  ■  *8"™  O*"  '*•  ""**«'  ''"^  '•^•'»  ^^^  •* 

u    ,  X  "^  ^^^"^*^  may  be  sufficiently  intcrestinq;  t«  <A*»sb^ 

A  I.TI.H  ON   ECCfc  ^     ^^  -^^  yjj^^  VicW^MWaxf  %  ^^SksapbacCSA  - 

ROBKRT  ON  EU  K  »^.jY,e    «oxu     vc,is.    \v.>WNft.    ^>^.    ^««NNS«5«» 

i'ajiit  tdnjo/idsbury,  With  the  sccplrc      4     **~^'- '■^  y.w*. '^<'*^'^'^'^"^*^'**^^ 


496 
ST.  EBBE'S  CHURCH,  OXFORD. 


[May, 


{With 
THIS  ancient  cbnrch,  which  con- 
sisted of  a  nave,  north  aile,  and  chan- 
cel, was  pulled  down  in  1813,  the 
tower  only  being  preserved.  Its  foun- 
dation has  been  traced  to  a  very  early 
period.  The  Saxon  saint  to  whom  it 
IS  dedicated  was  a  daughter  of  Ethel- 
fred  King  of  Northumbria,  and  Abbess 
of  Coldingham,  in  the  county  of  Ber- 
wick. The  patronage  was  formerly 
in  the  abbey  of  Eynsbam,  and  is  now 
Tested  in  the  King. 

The  structure  was  possessed  of  con- 
siderable antiquity  and  interest.  Its 
most  ancient  architecture  was  Nor- 
man, of  which  the  handsomest  and 
most  perfect  relic  was  to  be  setfn  in 
the  south  door ;  bat  it  had  not  escaped 
injary.  The  inner  member  of  its  arch 
was  thickly  set  with  beaked  heads,  si- 
milar to  those  which  remain  in  perfect 
preservation  on  the  door  of  the  church 
of  St.  Peter  in  the  Elast.  in  the  same 
city.  But  these  singularly  grotesque 
ornaments  were  nearly  all  destroyed 
when  the  opening  was  enlarged,  many 
years  ago.  The  outer  or  principal 
member,  consisting  of  a  semicircle, 
distinguished  by  ^e  boldness  of  its 
zig-zag,  and  enclosed  by  a  cornice, 
remained  in  good  condition  till  the 
day  of  its  demolition.  It  was  sup- 
ported by  a  column  on  each  side,  with 
capitals  of  rich  and  singular  ornament. 
Hie  walls  of  the  building  exhibited 
traces  of  very  early  pointed  architec- 
ture ;  but  none  of  the  windows  were 
older  than  the  first  half  of  the  14th 
century,  of  which  the  most  elegant 
specimens  were  to  be  seen  in  the  east 
end.  All  the  rest  were  inserted  in  the 
1 5th  century,  and  possessed  nothing 
remarkable  in  their  design. 

The  south  side  was  open  to  the 
burial-ground,  and  the  north  side  to 
the  street,  and  ou  this  side  of  the  body 
was  the  chief  entrance  in  modern 
times.  The  walls  of  the  body  were 
low,  and  the  roof  steep  ;  but  the  chan- 
cel and  a  chapel  (which  were  of  equal 
dimensions,  and  presented  correspond- 
ing gables  towarjsthe  east,)  were  lofty 
and  in  good  proportions,  and  had  es- 
caped with  fewer  alterations  than  any 
other  part  of  the  building.  The  tower 
at  the  west  end  was  low  and  mean, 
and  its  only  ornament  an  embattled 
tnpet. 

6 


a  Plate.) 

In  one  of  the  south  windows  of  the 
chancel  were  some  superb  relics  of 
painted  glass.  The  compartments  were 
4  feet  and  a  half  in  height,  and  1  (t 
3  in.  in  width,  and  one  was  filled  with 
a  most  beautifully  executed  represen- 
tation of  the  Virgin  and  Child,  and 
the  other  of  a  female  holding  a  crozier. 
The  heads  of  both  subjects  were  quite 
entire ;  but  the  rest  of  the  subjects  were 
excessively  defaced,  if  not  altogether 
composed  of  ancient  fragments  of  all 
patterns,  promiscuously  placed  within 
a  border.  The  quarries  were  spotted 
with  roses  and  other  devices,  which 
were  repeated  on  a  larger  scale  in  the 
upper  compartments  of  the  tracery. 
A  drawing  of  this  glass  was  made  in 
1802  bv  Mr.  Buckler,  F.S.A.  for  the 
late  Alderman  Fletcher,  of  Oxford. 

The  sepulchral  monuments  were  very 
few.  In  the  chancel,  on  a  plate  of 
brass,  2  ft.  by  1  ft.  Sf  in.  was  an 
engraved  figure  in  clerical  costume, 
kneeling,  with  his  hands  joined  in 
prayer,  and  the  following  inscription : 

"  Here  lyeth  y*  body  of  Thomas  Bart- 
let,  7*  only  son  of  Mr.  Thos.  Bartlet, 
Gentleman,  of  Maypowder  in  Dorset- 
shire, who  in  7*  25*^  jeu  of  Ids  age  died 
on  y*  5'  of  July,  1675,  of  the  smallpox 
then  raigning  in  Ozf .  being  near  unto 
his  degree  of  M'  of  Arts  in  C.  Chorch. 
A  person  of  so  great  vertuea,  of  piety,  fi- 
delity, humility,  sweetness  and  innocence, 
as  hath  left  his  grieved  parents  and  friends 
(struck  w"*  y*  surprise  of  so  early  a  losse) 
not  to  be  comforted  in  his  departure,  but 
y'  they  know  whither  he  is  gone,  and  do 
hope  to  follow  him." 

A  richly  carved  mural  monument  on 
the  south-cast  angle  of  the  chancel, 
contained  the  following  inscription  : 

"  In  memory  of  y«  virtuoas  gentlewo- 
man, Mrs.  Frances  Whorwood,  daughter 
of  John  Worwood,  of  Mansfield  in  y* 
county  of  Nottingham,  Gent,  who  depart- 
ed this  life  y  15""  of  July,  An.  D'ni 
1678." 

The  modern  church  of  St.  Ebbe  was 
opened  for  divine  service  Feb.  9,  1817; 
and  is  a  very  humble  imitation  of  the 
Pointed  style,  for  economy  alone  seems 
to  have  bc;n  consulted  in  its  design 
and  construction.  In  the  old  tower 
are  eight  bells.  It  is  situated  in  the 
populous  part  of  the  city,  between 
Pembroke  College  and  the  Castle. 

C, 


1835.]  ^^^V  4!)7 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


Memoirs  of  the  Council  of  Trrnt,  prin- 
cipaltj/  derived  from  AfSi*.  and  un- 
published Records,  Sfr.  fttf  the  Hrv. 
•S.  Mendham,  M,A. 

WE  have  to  apologise  to  Mr.  Mend, 
ham   for   having   by  accident  mislaid 
his  hook,  the  merits  of  which  we  most 
willtQgly   acknowledge.      Mr.   Mend- 
Imm  [Hirchased  a  copious  collection  of 
nianuscrijft  volumes  in  fulio,  amounting 
to  twenty-eight,  the    property  of  the 
late  Eart  of  Guilford,  on  the  subject 
of  the  Council  of  Trent;    which   had 
belonged  probably  to  some  cardinals,  or 
ecclesiastical    persons    in     Italy,    and 
which  were  pdfercd,  or  rather  plun- 
dered, by  thoise  wholesale  robbers  the 
French,  during  their  inva<>ion  of  that 
country.     The  documents  are  not  ori- 
ginals, nor  are  they  all  written  in  the 
same  age.     Mr.  Mendham  says,  "  he 
has  no  hesitation  in  believing  that  these 
are  the  identical  documents  from  which 
the  Papal  historian  drew  a  large   pro- 
portion of  his  materials."     Enriched 
with  these  valuable  papers,  the  object 
of  Mr.  Mendham  has  been  to  throw 
additional  light  on  subjects  connected 
with  this  most  singular  Council  of  the 
Church;  and  we  consider  his  work  to 
be  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the  pre- 
vious  histories  of  Sarpi,    Pallavicino, 
and  others.     As  for  the  Council  itself, 
aroused  as  it  was  by  the  thunders  of  the 
Keformation.  it  affords  a  most  singular 
and  striking  example  of  the  utter  cor- 
ruption, even  to  the  extinguishment  of 
a  sense  of  virtue,  oradesire  to  acknow- 
ledge the  first  principles  of  rectitude 
and  religion  in  the  Papal  Church.     It 
exhibits  the  most  profligate  protection 
nf  all  spiritual   abuses — zealous  only 
for  evil,  and  acute  only  in   falsehood, 
hypocrisy,  and  intrigue.     Yet  as  Mr. 
Meudham  observer,  an   OHtulote  was 
brought  in  the  same  channel  with  the 
poiaon.     7^a/ antidote  was  the  disgrace 
which  it  procured  for  the  rulers  of  the 
system  which  it  strove  to  uphold,  and 
which  sufficiently  deterred  every  con- 
scientious individual  who  escaped  ita 
pale,  from  being  enveigled  into  it. 

"  The  main  compennting  advautage 
(vpry  justly  Mr.  Mendham  remark*)  to 
the  frieudit  of  truth  and  religion  from  the 

GaxT.  Mao.  Voi,.  III. 


Council  of  Trent,  is  this.     Had  it  not  been 
for  tht!<  mitkoritatite  and  aniv«ri^ally  dif- 
fused  announcement  of  the  doctriae    of 
the  Roman  Chnrrh,  it  would  have  been  a 
matter  of  Home  difficalty  to  discover  wKat 
the  doctrine  really  teatt   by   which  either 
she  would  chuHt* ,  or  might  be  compelled 
to  abide.     For  amid^jt  the  chaos  of  vary- 
ing, conflicting,  and  unsettled  dogmas  in 
Rome,  up  to  the   time  of  thii«    her   la»t 
griipral  rauncil,  while  the  rircuai«tance 
afforded  the  adrantagc  of  optional  selec- 
tion, it  enahlsd  the  defenders  of  the  for- 
tress to  flee  in  succeiwion  from  every  post 
which   they  could   not  maintain,  and  be- 
take themselves  to  another,  which  wiiuld 
nt  least  give   employment  to  their  assail- 
ants, until  they  were  again  in  the  same 
predicament.     And   it  were  hard,  if  the 
baffled  aj4«ailant  were  not  at  last  wearied 
out  by  such  reception.     But  the  canonM 
and  decreet  vf  Trent,  with  the  riveting 
creed  and  oath  which  issued  from  the  au- 
thority of  the  Council,  and  both  express- 
ed  and    sanctioned    by   its    enactments, 
have  at  length  fortunately  bonnd  the  Pro- 
ti-U!<,  and  tixed  him  to  a  figure  which  he 
can  no  longer  change,  &c.     Had  not  the 
terror  of  Heresy,  particularly  the  Luthe- 
ran, which  it  was  the  rt-al  and  avowed  ob- 
ject  of  the  Rominh  Church  to  suppreAs, 
interfered,  she  would  probably  have  made 
a  nearer  approach  to  Christian  truth  in 
th(<  doctrine  which  she  e'tabliohed  in  this 
Council :    fur    simple    doctrine    coi>t    her 
nothing,  it  was  Reformation  wlJch  she 
dreaded.    But  this  approximation  to  truth, 
while   it   would   render  her   cause   more 
plausible  and  satisfactory  on   one  hand, 
would   on  the    other  bring  her  so  much 
nearer  to  thoi^  whom  it  was  her  main  in- 
terest and  object  to  oppose  and  condemn, 
and,  if  possible,  crush.    And  these  catiaes 
produced  tlie  doctrine  which  the  fathers 
or   managers   of  the  Tridcntine  Council 
finally  agreed  to  send  forth  to  the  world, 
as   the   faith   of  the    Universal    Church, 
meaning,  by  that  term,  their  own  particu- 
Lir  one." 

At  the  end  of  the  volume,  Mr.  Mend- 
ham has  printed  a  very  curious  and 
valuable  document.  "  the  Encyclical 
letter  of  the  present  Pope  Gregory  the 
XVIth,"  which  he  says  he  obtained 
through  n  friend,  with  difficulty,  Ironi 
Rome  itself,  and  which  affords  a  com- 
parison between  the  doctrines  of  the 
lati  Council,  and  of  the  la$t  ntpreme 
Pontiff :  and  fchows  whether  the  faith 
3  K 


I 


i 


■ 


Review. — Biiss  Twamley's  Poems. 


498 

and  doctriaes  of  the  Romish  Church 
have  changed  in  the  period  of  300 
yean,  a  period  which  we  believe  ka$ 
changed  tvery  thimy  but  them.  We  wish 
we  had  room  to  insert  this  letter,  bat 
we  eihort  all  persons  anxious  to  know 
what  are  the  present  doctrines  of  the 
P^l  Church,  to  read  and  to  perpend 
it.  We  shall  only  add,  that  his  Holi- 
ness declares  that  his  onlv  hope,  in  the 
present  difficulties  of  nb  situation 
and  the  spread  of  heresy,  is  in  the  as- 
aistance  of  the  Virgin  Mar>'.  "  Sed  ut 
omnia  h<ec  proapere  ac  feliciter  eve- 
niant,  levemus  oculos  maousque  ad 
Sanctissimam  Virginem  Afonaw,  que 
tola  univcrsas  haereses  interemit,  nos- 
traque  maxima  fiducia  imo  tota  ratio 
t$t  tpei  woatrm.  Sno  ipsa  patrocinio 
in  tanta  Dominici  gregis  necessitate, 
atndiis,  consiliis,  actionibusque  noetris 
sacundtssimos  exitus  imploret,  &c." — 
The  whole  epistle,  as  Mr.  Mendham 
jostly  says,  is  a  treasure — although  of 
iniquity. 

Potwu,  with  nbutratunu.  By  Louisa 
Anne  Twamley. 
OUR  young  and  fair  authoress  is 
introduced  to  the  public  by  two  of  the 
Muses,  both  of  whom  have  vouchsafed 
to  her  some  of  their  smiles  divine;  but 
the  goddess  who  presides  over  Poetry 
is  more  immediately  before  us.  That 
Miss  Twamley  is  a  person  of  consi- 
derable talent  and  accomplishments, 
no  doubt  can  be  entertained  :  that  she 
has  also  a  poetical  feeling  and  fancy 
will  be  seen  in  her  poems  :  and  all  she 
wants  is  a  more  finished  taste,  and  a 
more  severe  judgment.  That  she  does 
not  write  in  the  style  of  any  particular 
school  of  poetry  is  true,  and  much  to 
her  credit :  but  she  seems,  like  most 
other  young  writers,  to  have  too  ex- 
clusively studied  the  writings  of  her 
contemporaries ;  at  least  it  is  much 
easier  to  trace  the  manner  of  Byron 
and  Moore,  in  her  poems,  than  that 
of  our  older  bards.  Now  granting,  as 
we  readily  do,  the  genius  of  both  Uicse 
poets,  especially  of  the  former,  we  at 
the  same  time  know  them  to  be  very 
unsafe  guides  to  follow  through  the 
Parnassian  ways  ;  and  we  strenuously 
advise  Miss  Twamley  to  do  in  Poetry, 
what  she  undoubtedly,  without  our 
advice,  would  do  in  Painting,  study 


[May, 


and  understand  the  manner  and  prin- 
ciples of  the  great  masters.  Asapainter 
of  portraits  would  go  to  Titian,  Van- 
dyke, and  Rembrandt,  not  to  Shee.  or 
Wilkie,  or  Briggs, — as  a  sculptor  would 
go  to  M.  Angelo  and  not  to  Bernini, 
so  ought  a  poet  to  study  Milton,  and 
Drydcn,  and  Pope,  and  Goldsmith, 
the  great  masters  of  their  art ;  and 
then  they  may  with  safety,  as  with 
delight,  read  ue  productions  of  more 
nM>dern  days.  We  say  this,  out  of  our 
respect  to  the  talents  of  our  poetess,  and 
our  anxiety  that  those  talents  should 
be  directed  and  employed  in  the  best 
manner.  Had  we  the  leisure,  we 
should  like  to  go  through  her  volume, 
noticing  with  the  utmost  minuteness 
every  word  or  expression  which  we 
considered  exceptionable,  and  endea- 
vouring to  approve  our  criticisms  to 
Miss  Twamley's  judgment :  but  she 
can  get  this  task  performed  by  an 
abler  hand ;  in  the  mean  time  we  shall 
give  a  specimen  of  what  her  talents 
and  taste  now  are,  though  we  are 
obliged  to  select  such  as  lie  in  a  small 
compaaa. 

KBNILWOaTH. 

'TwBS  evening — and  the  brightest  that  the 

spring 
Had  yet  beheld.    The  birds  on  fluttering 

wing 
With  voices  of  glad  music,  from  each  tree 
And    budding    hedge-row  pour'd    their 

joyous  lay, 
Heir  vesper  song — to  the  departing  day, 
Making  the  air  one  nuh  of  melody. 
And  the  bright  sun  sunk  glowing  in  the 
west,  [crest 

Tinging  with  rainbow  hues  each  fleecy 
Of  the  light  clouds  that  wreath'd  his  ra- 
diant throne 
Like  a  rich  canopy  of  gems  and  gold, 
While  the  sky's  native  azure  lovelier  shone, 
And  seem'd  with  its  calm  beauty  to  en- 
fold [breeze 
The  glitt'ring  pageant,  and  the  gentle 
Breath'd  its  soft  murmurs  'mid  the  dark 
pine  trees. 

I  LOV'O  THEE  ONCE.       (p.  145.) 

I  lov'd  thee  once — I  lov'd  thee  long, 

And  now  I  never  hear  thy  name 
Breath'd  even  by  a  stranger  tongue, 

But  my  pale  cheek,  is  tum'd  to  fliune. 
I  do  not  weep — but  o'er  my  brow 

The  scathing  hand  of  Memory  bums ; 
I  do  not  murmur,  for  e'en  now 

My  spirit's  love  to  thee  returns. 


1835.] 


Review. — Miss  Saffery's  Poems. 


49U 


And  thou — Kntl  Ihou  art  prnud  miil  i^aj, 
Proad  that  the  heart  thou  ffaiad'tt  U 
breaking, 

And  soon  from  earth  roust  fall  away. 
FaJae  hope  and  falser  love  fortakint^. 

Smile  on — and  baak  in  beanty's  Ji^ht, 
And  bid  thin«  own  to  thee  cotitide 

A  heart  as  pure,  a  fuith  ns  Lrik;ht 
As  her'g  who  lone  andeurly  died. 

We  would  have  extracted  "  The 
Dames  of  the  Olden  Time,"  id  wliicli 
there  19  rourh  humour  and  plea^^ant 
versification;  but  looking  "  pleoo  jam 
niargine  libri,"  we  are  obliged  to 
break  off ;  just  mentioning  that  in  the 
poem  at  pp.  114- 11 5,  the  ine^re  of  the 
lineii  is  changed,  much  to  their  disad- 
vantage; and  tlint  we  think  Miss  T.  ia 
too  food  of  the  Irijiie  cadence  in  po«tr}-, 
as 

"For  the  white  water-lily  i«  woodroii*  fair, 
Oh !  dwell  not  in  cities  'tnid  rark  and  care," 

a  measure  in  which  Mr.  Moore's  muse 
gallops  and  romps  prettily  enough  ; 
but  on  which  less  accomplished  per- 
formers are  apt  to  get  out  of  tuoe. 


Poem$  on  Sccrerf  Svhjecls.  By  Maria 
Grace  Saflery. 
THERE  is  a  purity  and  propriety 
of  taste  in  these  poems,  well  suited  to 
the  seriousness  of  their  sentiments  and 
feelings.  The  language  is  wetl-select- 
ed,  the  verttifiratinn  harmonious,  and 
the  thoughts  elegant  and  poetical ;  in- 
deed, it  is  a  volume  which  may  justly 
be  commended  throughout,  and  read 
with  pleasure  by  the  sourest  and  se. 
verest  critics.  Enshrined  in  this  clear 
and  crystal  vase  of  refined  expression, 
is  seen  the  flower  of  pure  and  unaf- 
fected piety.  The  historical  incidents 
of  Scripture  are  elegantlr  brought  fur- 
ward  and  illusLrated,  and  followed  by 
the  reflexions  which  would  suggest 
themselves  to  a  thoughtful  and  con- 
fiding heart.  Indeed,  we  honestly  say 
that  we  know  no  volume  of  Sacrvd 
Poetry,  published  in  late  days,  except 
Mr.  Keble's,  which  we  think  superior 
to  the  present :  wc  most  now  confirm 
our  judgment  by  a  selection. 

i.evrN  I,  AM  iiETnATOoiiroaTETB  too. 

Then  who  woald  a&k,  if  such  a  boon  were 
meet, 

VicJicmt  a  care  along  the  world  to  stray, 
WilhoQl  a  want  to  make  the  promise  aw«eC, 

Withotit  a  tear  for  God  to  wipe  away? 


Who  that  bath  wntch'd  to  see  the  dawn 
appear,  [cast  ? 

Can  wish  that  night  had  ne'er  a  shadow 
And  when  i«  Nature's  gt*ntlene<*  «o  dear, 

As  when  tht  terrors  of  the  »torm  are  past  ? 

And  could  the  heart  with  nicek  submis- 
sion still'd 

To  patient  Waiting  for  .lehovah's  word. 
Feet  the  full  glBdne»!i  of  the  hope  fiilfiU'd 

Before  the  sickness  of  the  hope  deftrr'il ; 

Then,  mourner  1  think,  amid  the  weeping 
night, 
Of  Him  whose  lore  the  morning  joy 
secures, 
^^liomraneer  |»&sses  with  a  moment's  flight. 
Whose  favour  like  eternity  endures. 

TBX   GAEDKH. 

Is  there,  since  Heaven  on  Eden  smilod, 
Mr~hen  not  a  flowret  bloom'd  in  vain. 

One  bower  of  beauty  in  the  wild 

Where   God's  sweet  presence    smilea 
again? 

Can  flowers  that  in  the  desert  blow 
E&cafie  the  desert's  withering  storm ; 

Where  Hity  turns  with  eye  of  Woe 
O'er  the  wUd  wreck  of  beauty's  form? 

Yes,  one  fair  garden  in  the  waste 

Bloomsforth  to  Wisdom'seye  confess'd, 

Wirb  more  than  Eden's  verdure  grac'd. 
And  more  than  Eden's  sunshine  bless'd. 

No  tempest  as  it  rolls  on  high 

With  wrathful  bla<t  shall  o'er  it  sweep, 
Nor  Pity  look  wilii  anxious  eye 

And  o'er  that  bower  of  beauty  weep. 

The  band  that  plar'd  it  in  the  wild 
Still  makes  eAch  t4>ndrr  plant  its  care  ; 

The  love  that  first  upon  it  emil'd 
Still  watdies  every  moment  there. 

Then  let  the  spirit's  gentle  ray 
Fall  on  me  with  the  light  of  love ; 

Till  I  iihull  drink  the  deeper  day 
That  kindles  in  the  climes  abore- 

Pnre  is  the  sunlight — soft  the  shovrer — 
The  gale  that  o'er  it  breathes  divine : 

Then  plant  me  in  that  holy  bower. 

Dear  Saviour ! — for  that  bower  is  thine. 

Wc  arc  unnhic  to  quote  aome  of  the 
most  striking  poems  for  want  of  room  | 
we  must  therefore  content  onraelTM 
with  one  at  p.  178. 

TRK  HaaCT-MAT  IKLOW,  A90  TV  AT 
ABOVK. 

WhKB  from  his  merry-»eal  below 
The  God  of  Isnifl  answered  prayer, 

A  kindling  of  unearthly  glow — 
The  glory  of  the  Lord  was  thrrr. 


I 


tt^^d 


I 

I 


That  ray  no  longer  from  above 

Gle&ius  o'er  the  cherubim  of  gold ; 
But  radiant  in  the  light  of  love 

Our  eyes  the  great  High  Priest  beliold. 
That  priesthood  needs  no  symbol  now, 

That  glory  never  shall  deport ; 
»TiB  utedfftst — us  Jchnvah's  vow, 

'Tib  changeless — as  Messiah's  heart. 

With  the  following,  we  must  con- 
clude our  extracts  from  this  volume, 
which  wc  earnestly  recommend  to  all 
who  can  apprei:iate  the  graces  of  a 
pure  and  earnest  piety,  united  to  a 
\ery  elegant  and  well-cultivated  taste. 

JONAH. 

O  I  solitary  mourner,  stem  nnd  sad. 
How  couldst  thou  weep  at  Isines'ch  for- 
given ? 
Didst  thou  not  see  her  king  in  sackcloth 
clad. 
Didst  thou  not  hear  her  lowly  phiint  to 
heaven  i 
And  couldst  thou  mourn  because  thine 
avful  cry 
Had  rous'd  !vlt  soul  to  penitence  severe ; 
And  couldst  thou  dare  to  look  with  angry 
eye 
When  mercy  smil'd  on  her  repentant 
tear  ? 
Oh  t  prophet  of  the  Lord,  yet  selfbetray'd, 
What  couldst  thou  fear  in  that  rejoiciitg 
hour, 
When  God,  thy  God,  to  heathen  hearts 
eonvcy'd 
His  own  long-suffering,  gentleness,  and 
power  ? 

■What  couldst  thou  answer  to  the  tender 

pica  [strove ; 

When  thy  proud  wrath  a^uoit  his  pity 

That  plea  which  speaks  as  once  it  spoke 

to  thee. 

And  says  to  man  repentant — God  is  love. 


T!i«   Swron   Daughter,   a  Tale  •/  the 
Cnuade$.     By  N.  Michel!. 

THIS  poem  is  too  close  an  imita- 
tion of  Scott's  romantic  tales,  mixed 
with  a  little  of  Lord  Byron's  dashing 
nuutner: — the  colouring  too  is  over- 
charged, and  the  imagery  exaggerated; 
while  the  facility  of  versification  haa 
milled  the  pregent  author,  as  it  boa 
done  his  greater  predecessors,  into  a 
style  occasiooally  not  dignified  enoagh 
for  the  aubject ;  aa 

**  Then  take  my  last  reproach — thongh 

dower'd  {ard." 

With  wealth  and  titles— /Aon' r/  a  cine- 


And 

'*  Couldst  thou  not  know — one  word — my 

hand  [atttnd." 

Would  slay  you,  mi»crean.t — where  jroa 

And 

"  Yes,  'tis  stem  Osway,  name  of  fear. 
Oh.'  hear tn and  earth,  what docf/ke here/*' 

In  the  following  couplet 

'*  The  youthful  kneel,  the  ayed  weep« 
And  teieratu  holy  silence  keep." 

These  c«/eraNirbeingdistinct  from  the 
aqed,  we  cannot  tell  what  ihcy  are,  un- 
less they  are  like  old  Parr,  the  old,  oUt, 
very  oW  man  / — if  so.  we  do  not  see 
what  they  had  to  do  in  the  war.  ei- 
cept,  like  the  Chelsea  pensioners,  they 
were  called  out  on  emergency.  Again, 
wc  do  not  understand  the  sequence  of 
the  author's  reasoning,  when  he  as- 
serts tliat  Ada  had  never  known  love 
— "  But  Love  !  young  Ada  never  knew 
thee,"  tkottijh  she  had  read  uf  the  s«ck 
of  Troy,  and  perused  Casar's  Commen- 
taries !  I  Well  for  her.  poor  thio^!  if 
she  had  never  heard  of  it,  she  is  tjeat- 
ed  in  the  most  ungciUlemaulike  man- 
ner, when  she  ought  to  have  been 
made  an  hone»t  woman  from  the  very 
btginning,  and  not  gone  gadding^  like 
Queen  Curolim',  the  Lord  knows  where, 
in  company  with  an  adventurer.  How- 
ever, we  are  glad  to  find  they  ace  land 
at  last. 

"  Southward  Samaria's  hills  ame. 
Where  roam'd  and  taught  the  tlenuil  Son, 
Whilst  inland  far  through  clear  blue  skiea 
Towers  snow-capt  holy  Lebanon.'^ 

They  however  made  aach  a  noise  in 
landing,  that  the  following  remaikable 
events  took  place  in  consequence. 

■'  Doom'd  Acre  heard— the  Paynim  lonl 
Shook  on  hiii  throne,  and  graap'd  his  fword  ; 
The  trembUng  monk  in  Tabor's  cell 
Dropp'd  on  his  knees  hi*  beads  to  tell ; 
The  tiger  sought  his  gliwuiy  lair, 
And  roar'd  terrific  antwer  there." 

We  have  heard  of  a  lynx'$  sigl^ 
but  not  of  a  tiger's  heari»if ;  for  this 
tiger  must  have  tiecn  some  thou- 
sand mill's  otiT.  when  he  roared  his 
answer ;  as  wc  never  heard  of  one 
nearer  .\cre  than  the  east  banks  of  the 
Indus;  but  nimfmrle.  there  are  other 
jtua-M  llian  tigers'  in  the  camp.  Upoa 
hearing  that  Saladin  is  going  toatt«ck 
him.  Richard  exclaims. 


^ 


1835.]  Review. — Sir  A.  Lj ungated t  on  our  Relations  with  China.       £01 


*•  Our  patf  shall  pin  him  to  the  farth, 
And  oil  bis  brood  of  hellish  birtli !" 

Besides,  there  are  wolves  and  hyeoas 
in  reserve  for  particular  occasioDs. 

We  must  now  reluctantly  kisa  our 
Iiands  to  the  fair  Ada,  ami  &ay  fare- 
•wcll.  We  must,  however,  just  tell 
otjr  readers  of  her  fate — she  wa»  very 
quietly  undressing  and  going  to  bed, 
and  was  arranging  her  hair,  when 
there  was  an  alarm  of  a  battle  ;  very 
heroically,  but  imprudently,  she  put 
on  boy's  clothes,  and  went  into  the 
fray,  where  she  was  killed ;  and  thus 
expiated  the  enormous  folly  of  ventur- 
ing with  her  lover  into  foreign  coun- 
tries without  a  certificate  nf  marriaij^e  to 
show.  Her  lover  is  n^^d  to  have  turned 
hermit ;  but  from  the  particular  ex- 
pree*ion9  used,  we  «uspcct  he  took 
orders  late  in  life,  and  settled  in  a 
•mall  C()i>ntr\' living ;  for  we  suppose 
the  terms  '  dark,'  and  '  revered/  aa 
applied  to  him,  means  that  he  wore 
a  black  coat,  and  wa;i  called  the  Reve- 
rtnd  Mr.  Beaumont. 


Britinh  Rfltttiim*  wi'/A  China.  Contri- 
bnlion  (u  an  hittorical  iketch  of  the 
domestic  and  fonign  Relations  of 
Macao,  and  of  (he  Honan  Catholic 
Church  in  that  settlement.  By  Sir 
Andrew  Ljungstedt,  Knight.  8vo, 
pp.  40. 

THIS  tract  was  originally  published 
at  Macao,  and  baa  been  reprinted  in 
this  country.  It  communicates  many 
iDtere&ting;  particulars  of  the  domestic 
and  foreign  relatione  of  the  settle- 
ment; of  which,  although  the  author 
does  not  distinctly  state  that  fact« 
the  Portuguese  hold  only  a  lease  un- 
der the  Chinese,  with  reservationa  in 
favour  of  the  latter. 

Franci.4  Peres  and  another  Jesoit 
were  the  first  Portuguese  residents, 
and  "  had  an  habitation  there  on  the 
skirt  of  a  hill,  now  called  Monte,  in 
the  year  1.565."  From  that  date  the 
number  of  religious  who  resorted  to 
the  place  gradually  increased,  until  a 
cathedral  was  erected,  and  a  bishop 
appointed.  In  later  times  tlie  settle- 
ment has  been  the  scene  of  religious 
conflict  between  rival  sects  in  the 
Romish  Church ,  and  of  many  struggles, 
the  result  of  intolerance.     Of  these 


conflicts  and  their  effects,  the  author 
has  given  some  curious  particulars. 
On  pp.  14  and  IS  he  describes  a  com- 
promise, to  which  the  Roman  Catho- 
lics were  compelled  to  come,  with  the 
offensive  spectacles  exhibited  by  the 
Pagan  Chinese.  These  it  had  been 
the  wish  of  the  Papists  to  suppress  ; 
but  it  was  soon  found  that  the  Chi- 
nese would  submit  to  no  jurisdicttoa 
exercised  by  foreigners,  who  were 
therefore  compelled  to  relinquish  the 
attempt,  that  they  "  might  not  pro- 
voke tumult  by  an  act  of  intemperate 
zeal."  "  Convinced  that  no  eflTort  of 
the  civil  police  could  hinder  a  pagan 
festival,  duty  prepared,  from  showing 
itself  in  the  town,"  the  bishop  re- 
solved to  try  spiritual  influence,  and 
by  threats  of  the  larger  ttcommuni- 
cation  to  prevent  the  indulgence  of 
that  curiosity  which  wa*  consi-lered 
as  encouraging  the  heathen  supersti- 
tions; but  in  this  also  he  failed,  for 
it  was  discovered  soon,  to  his  dismay, 
that  there  were  not  fifty  adult  Chris- 
tians in  the  settlement,  who  had  re- 
fitted  the  impulse  of  curiosity,  and  ab- 
stained  from  witnessing  the  spectacles. 
The  author  of  this  tract  is  very 
precise  in  the  statement  of  his  dates 
and  facts.  He  gives  some  account  of 
the  relations  of  Macao  with  Japan, 
Cochin  China,  and  Siam  ;  and,  al- 
though he  writes  under  the  influence 
of  those  prejudices  which  arc  peculiar 
to  the  professors  of  the  Roman  Ca- 
tholic faith,  his  contrihution  cannot 
but  be  acceptable  to  all  persons  who 
feci  desirous  of  obtaining  tuformation 
respecting  the  state  of  China  and  ita 
external  relations. 


Rqiort  of  the  lUal  of  Sir  Charles  M^ 
Burrell,   Hart.,   aijaintt    Nicholsoi 
retpecting  the  Parochial  Rate*  claim^' 
ed  by    the  jjansh  of  St.    Margaret, 
fVe^itmituier,  frmm  the  Inhabilamtt  tff 
Richmond  Tfrraee.  8vo. 
THIS  curious  trial  is  equally  inte- 
resting   to   the  tOj.ographer    and  ihe 
lawyer.     In  the  course  of  it  wc  find 
the  history  of  a  large  and  important 
part  of  Westminster,  not  merely  de- 
tailed,  but  given  in   evidence.      The 
question  for  the  consideration  of  the 
jury  was.  whether  the  site  of  Rich- 


502 


Rbtisw.— Jti'/wrf  0/  tke  Tritd  **  Bmrrell  w,  Nickolsom."    [May, 


mood  Terrace  was,  or  was  not,  extra- 
parochial  ;  and,  io  order  to  obtain  a 
determi nation  of  that  point,  the  par- 
ties were  obliged  to  have  recourse  to 
the  early  history  of  the  ground  upon 
which  was  erected  the  palace  of 
Whitehall.  It  appears  that  Hubert 
de  Burgh,  the  celebrated  Justiciary  in 
the  reigns  of  John  and  Henry  HL 
purchased  various  houses  and  pieces 
of  land  lying  between  the  then  exist- 
ing highway  from  the  City  of  London 
to  Westminster,  on  the  one  side,  and 
the  River  Thames  on  the  other.  Evi- 
dence  was  given  of  conveyances  to 
Hubert  de  Burgh  from  the  Abbey  of 
Westminster ;  from  Roger  de  Ware, 
son  of  Rol>ert  of  Westminster  ;  from 
Maud  de  Ware,  the  mother  of  Roger ; 
and  from  Odo  the  Goldsmith,  all  hav- 
ing interests  in  property  situate  in  that 
direction.  Hubert  de  Burgh  had  for- 
merly vowed  to  assume  the  Cross,  but, 
finding  it  inconvenient  to  perform  this 
obligation,  he  quieted  his  conscience 
by  conveying  his  estate  at  Westmins- 
ter to  certain  ecclesiastics,  in  order 
that  it  might  be  sold,  and  the  pro- 
ceeds applied  in  such  manner  as  was 
thought  most  expedient  for  the  suc- 
cour of  the  Holy  Land.  The  trustees 
sold  to  Walter  Archbishop  of  York, 
for  four  hundred  marks,  and  Hubert 
de  Burgh  signed  a  letter  by  which  he 
directed  his  tenants  to  pay  their  rent, 
and  perform  their  services  to  the  pur- 
chaser. Being  thus  in  possession, 
the  Archbishop,  about  the  3rd  Henry 
in.  gave  the  property  to  the  see  of 
York  as  a  perpetual  augmentation  of 
the  archiepiscopal  revenues.  Upon 
the  land  purchased  by  Huljert  de 
Burgh  from  the  Abbey  of  Westmins- 
ter, there  stood  several  houses,  and, 
amongst  them,  one  of  some  impor- 
tance, having  a  court  and  a  free  chapel, 
which  had  formerly  been  the  residence 
of  William  de  Ely,  Treasurer  to  King 
John.  This  hoube  became  the  metro- 
politan residence  of  the  archbishops 
of  York,  from  which  circumstance  it 
was  called  '  York  Place ;'  it  was  oc- 
cupied as  an  occasional  residence  by 
several  of  our  kings  ;  and  sometimes 
was  the  place  of  meeting  of  one  of 
the  houses  of  parliament.  Wolsey  re- 
paired and  improved  it,  and  upon  his 
fall  Henry  VIII.  having  fixed  upon 
this  spot,  OS  a  desirable  situation  for  a 


royal  palace,  proeared  an  illegal  con- 
veyance of  it  to  hiiBself ; — illegal,  inas- 
much as  Wolsey  could  have  no  right 
to  alienate  the  property  of  his  see.  The 
land  thus  procured  by  Henry  VIII. 
contained  only  three  acres,  a  space 
insufficient  for  the  extensive  erections 
which  were  contemplated.  The  king, 
therefore,  purchased  from  the  Abbey 
of  Westramster,  various  houses  and 
lands  adjoining  York  Place,  and  ex- 
tending from  the  east  side  of  the  street, 
'  commonly  called  the  Kyng's  Street,' 
totheThames,togetherwithother  lands 
on  the  north  side  of  York  Place,  com- 
prising St.  James's  Park,  the  Green 
Park,  and  the  land  now  occupied  by 
the  new  Buckingham  Palace  and  its 
gardens.  Upon  this  property  tiw  pa- 
lace of  Whitehall  was  erected. 

The  point  for  the  jury  resolved  itself 
into  two  questions :  I.  Was  the  scite 
of  Richmond  Terrace  part  of  York 
Place,  or  part  of  the  property  added 
to  it  by  Henry  VIII.  ?  and  II.  If  it 
was  part  of  York  Place,  was  that  re* 
sidence  anciently  extra-parochial?  As 
to  the  newly  acquired  property,  it 
does  not  seem  to  have  been  contended 
that  it  was  ever  thought  to  be  extra- 
parochial.  There  was  some  evidence 
from  which  it  might  have  been  inferred 
that  York  Place  was  not  extra-paro- 
chial, but  the  identity  of  the  scttc  of 
Richmond  Terrace  with  some  of  the 
property  newly  purchased  by  Henry 
VlII.  was  made  out  as  clearly  as 
could  be  expected,  considering  the  na- 
ture of  the  question  ;  and  it  would 
seem  that  upon  that  ground  the  jury 
returned  a  verdict  for  the  defendant, 
thus  establishing  the  liability  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Richmond  Terrace  to 
contribute  to  the  parochial  taxes. 

The  publishers  deserve  the  thanks 
of  all  persons  who  are  interested  in 
the  antiquities  of  the  metropolis,  for 
having  perpetuated  a  judicial  inquiry 
of  such  importance  and  interest. 


Portiotu  of  Ittfonnation  on  $ome  of  the 
moat  important  part»  of  the  English 
CnnittitHfinn  ;  and  upon  prominent 
events  in  British  History ;  classed  un- 
der separate  heads :  an  acquaintance 
with  which  is  necessary  to  constitute 
a  well-informed  member  of  society. 


1835.]  Review. — Information  on  Parts  of  the  English  Constitution.  303 


YOUR  'well-informed  members  of 
society'  arc  not  entirely  monsters  of 
modern  growth  ;  Shakspeare,  who  ne- 
ver fails  us,  has  pictured  one  of  these 
gentlemen  to  the  vpry  life.  '  He  hath 
the  joints  of  every  thing ;  but  every 
thing  so  out  of  joint,  that  he  is  u 
gouty  Briareus,  many  hands  and  no 
use  ;  or  purblind  Argus,  all  eyes  and 
no  sight/  Nowadays,  indeed,  such 
persons  may  be  met  with  in  every 
street  and  alley  ; — they  are  as  nurae- 
rt*us,  and  almost  as  noxious,  as  our 
gin-palares  ;  they  contaminate  whole- 
some society  with  affectation,  and 
bring  solid  learning  into  disrepute. 
Such  men  are  deeply  read  in  Penny 
Magazines  ;  they  know  all  the  sciences 
— byname;  they  have  heard  lectures 
upon  one  or  two  of  them.  Their  know- 
ledge of  botany  enables  them  to  con- 
found stamens  with  pistils ;  in  geo- 
logy tbey — talk  about  '  f train,'  but 
could  not  distinguish  primary  from 
tertiary  for  their  lives  ;  it  is  necessary 
for  them  to  pause  and  think  before 
they  positively  ufErni  whether  the  sun 
goes  round  the  earth,  or  the  earth 
round  the  sun  ;  and  yet  there  is  no 
branch  of  literature  which  their  am- 
bitious tongues  do  not  profane.  The 
volume  before  us  is  written  for  the 
use  of  gentlemen  of  this  class,  and,  of 
course,  by  one  of  themselves.  J]  ere, 
as  in  a  glass,  may  we  behold  the  qua- 
lifications necessary  to  entitle  a  can- 
didate to  be  enrolled  in  their  honour- 
able society.  And  what  are  tliese 
qualifications?  Such  a  knowledge  of 
history  as  is  consistent  with  the  as- 
sertion that  '  the  East  Indies  were 
Jir»t  dijicwfrcd  by  the  Romans ! '  and 
that  of  course,  cjfier  such  first  disco- 
very, Alexander  the  Great  made  ex- 
tensive conquests  in  that  country, 
p.  311.  So  much  literature  as  accords 
with  the  idea  that  '  Kchard's  History' 
is  the  best  authority  for  the  reign  of 
Charles  1.  (p.  287)  and  with  a  refe- 
rence to  '  Smollet's  History  of  Eng- 
land nm/JMun/  b\/  Hume/'  p.  102,  and 
p.  270.  and  so  much  Latin  as  enables 
Its  professors  to  know  that  '  Pnttu' 
is  a  L.itin  word,  signifying  '  The  Five,' 
p.  143;  that  'the  word  Unicorn'  is 
W  from  '  I'nuii  cumu,'  p.  3.38;  that 
*  CoIm*  J)<nim  at  regera'  means  '  reve- 
rencing Ciud  and  the  king,'  p.  343 ; 
that  '  Thupla  quam  delicto'  is  the  mot- 
to of  the  Temples,  and  '  Fin*  now  ww- 


per  VEKIT,'  that  of  the  Vemons,  p. 
344.  Many  other  equally  important 
qualifications  might  be  discovered  in 
this  interesting  volume ;  but  in  truth 
we  cannot  turn  over  its  pages  without 
having  our  attention  forcibly  diverted 
from  the  class  for  whose  use  it  was 
written  to  the  author  himself.  Won- 
derful man  \  out  of  what  fields  conld 
he  have  gleaned  the  mass  of  informa- 
ti(m  here  lavishly  scattered  on  every 
hand.  Some  of  his  '  portions  of  in- 
formation' are  transcendantly  beau- 
tiful. For  instance,  '  the  Speaker,' 
a.s  we  are  informed'  at  p.  47.  '  is  dis- 
tinguished by  being  '  habited  in  a 
black  gown  and  large  whiy  /'  Envi- 
able situation  1  How  delightful  it 
must  have  been  to  Lord  Canterbury 
to  have  had  some  '  large  Whig'  con- 
stantly clinging  round  him  !  'The  In- 
dia House,  which  we  in  our  simplicity 
thought  to  have  been  a  stone  erection, 
is,  it  seems,  a  building  of  commercial 
men!'  (page  316).  How  very  curious  ! 
What  sort  of  men  these  arc,  and  whe- 
ther there  are  any  '  large  Whigs' 
amongst  them,  our  author  does  not 
disclose,    modestly     remarking    that 

•  tbey  are  too  well  known  to  need  de- 
scribing.' We  would  not  wish  to 
have  it  inferred  that  we  think  this 
gentleman  ever  did  make  a  mistake, 
but  really  here  he  seems  to  have  taktn 
his  own  knowledge,  which  of  course 
is  the  result  of  his  vast  and  |>eculiar 
powers  of  discrimination,  as  the  stand- 
ard of  general  information  upon  the 
subject.  He  should  have  been  more 
communicative  upon  such  a  singular 

•  portion  of  information.' 

Ignorant  persona  frequently  form 
very  erroneous  notions  upon  the  sub- 
ject of  the  creation  of  peers,  and  espe- 
cially as  tothe  manner  in  which thedig- 
nily  is  conferred ;  hence  such  phrases 
as  •  a  batch  of  peers,'  and  various 
othersof  similar  import.  Ourauthor's 
ideas  upon  this,  as  upon  every  other 
'  portion  of  information,'  are  truly 
exalted.  '  It  is  not  absolutely  neces- 
sary,' he  remarks,  p.  66;  that  the 
judge  who  acts  as  'Lord  Chief,'  in 
each  court,  should  be  a  peer :  but  im- 
mediately upon  his  appointment  tn 
that  high  office,  or  noon  aftcn%'ards, 
— (bow  elegantly  minute  I) — '  the  king 
orrEX  elevates  him  to  the  peerage! 
It  seems  then,  that  elevation  to  the 
peerage  is  ftomething  like  ascend i nig. 


I 


504    KsvtKvr.—'Jafarmation  om  Parts  qf  the  Etuflitk  CoiuiihUum.  [May, 


the  Monament,  and  that  the  king 
'  often'  takes  the  '  gentleman  who 
'  acts'  the  part  of  '  Lord  Chief,'  up 
to  the  top  of  it,  and  after  having 
enjoyed  the  view,  condescendingly 
helps  him  down  again.  But  a  most 
extraordinary  result  ensues.  '  When 
that  is  the  case,  continues  Sir  Oracle, 
that  is.  when  the  'Lord  Chief  has 
been  '  often'  elevated  to  the  peerage 
— *  he  becomes,' — who  would  have 
thought  it? — '  a  peer  of  the  realm!' 
How  very  singular.  How  '  often,' 
we  should  like  to  know,  is  it  neces- 
sary that  he  should  be  elevated  before 
so  very  strange  a  consequence  ensues  ? 

We  wish  we  could  find  room  for 
the  luminous  remarks  as  to  writing 
'  post  paid'  upon  letters.  A  very 
striking  '  portion  of  information'  oc- 
curs upon  that  subject,  and  after  a 
long  argument  at  p.  27,  it  is  clearly 
proved,  to  the  author's  satisfaction, 
that  the  world  is  all  wrong,  and  that 
'well-informed  members  of  society' 
ought  to  write '  postage,'  and  not '  post' 
paid  !  Would  also  that  we  could  in- 
dulge our  readers  with  the  author's 
vivid  and  poetical  description  -of  a 
mail  coach.  Its  'highly  varnished 
paint  of  royal  red,' — its  *  grammatical 
initial  letters,  signjfying  William  Rex' 
— its  jolly  '  John  Bull'  coachman' — 
its  '  well-looking  guard,  clothed  at  the 
expense  of  government,  in  bright  scar- 
let, ornamented  with  gold  lace,  and 
armed  with  a  tbbmbnoous  blunder- 
buss;' all  these,  and  many  other  pe- 
culiarities of  our  post-office  convey- 
ances, are  felicitously  described,  and 
every  stage  in  their  progress  minutely 
traced,  from  their  departure  from  the 
post-office  to  the  period  when  the 
'  valuable  commercial  cargo  is  duly 
distributed,  according  to  the  super- 
scriptions, OB  written  directions,  tn- 
dorsed  upon  each  rtspective  letter  that 
ka$  been  to  conveyed,' — '  as  aforesaid' 
has  undoubtedly  been  omitted. 

But  we  must  pass  from  these  de- 
lightful little  'portions'  to  'metal 
more  attractive:'  we  allude  to  some 
curious  'portions'  of  literary  history, 
a  subject  deservedly  interesting  to  our 
readers.  The  motto  to  Junius's  Let- 
ters has  often  excited  admiration  by 
its  elegance,  its  simplicity,  and  its 
happy  adaptation  to  the  circum- 
stances of  those  singular  publications, 
ifow  much   will    the  admiration  of 


our  readers  be  increased,  when  they 
learn  that  the  true  reading  of  these 
celebrated  words  is  '  $tai  nomhuu  m 
tmbra,'  which  means  'standing  under 
the  shadow,'  to  which  the  writer  cha- 
ritably adds,  'of concealment,'  p.  199- 
This  singular  piece  of  information  in- 
clines us  to  suspect  that  the  writer  of 
this  volume  must  know  more  about  the 
authorship  of  Junius  than  has  been 
hitherto  suspected ;  at  any  event,  it 
■  is  quite  clear  that  he  composed  the 
melody  of  '  God  save  the  King,'  and 
wrote  the  words.  Here  then  we  have 
one  great  literary  dispute  at  length 
cleareid  up— the  authorship  of  Junius 
will  follow.  But  to  the  proof.  '  7%e 
first  suggestion  of  it  [the  air  of  God 
save  the  King']  arose  from  some  oae 
having  accidentally  heard  an  itinerant 
seller  of  toys  for  children,  who  was 
hawking  about  London  little  stuff 
lambs  for  sale,  crying  them  in  a  tone 
betwixt  singing  and  saying,  thus : 

'  Lunbs  to  sell,  lambs  to  sell, 
Come  here,  my  lambs  to  bay ; 
Who'll  buy  my  lambs.' 

And  it  will  be  observed,  on  compari- 
son, that  the  above  lines  are  in  mea- 
sure or  metre  exactly  similar  to  that  of 
God  save  the  King,"  p.  199-  It  is 
palpable  that  no  one  could  have  writ- 
ten this  passage  but  the  composer 
himself;  no  one  else  could  know  any- 
thing about  '  the  first  suggestion.'  He 
will  probably  say  that  he  heard  it» 
but  that  is  mere  nonsense : — who 
could  have  told  b  im  ?  As  to  the  wordsy 
we  have  the  author's  authority  for  stat- 
ing that, 

*  Give  us  roast  beef  in  store, 
And  key  of  the  cellar  door,'  &c.  &e. 

formed  no  part  of  the  original  song  ; 
and  we  may  add,  that  he  seems  very 
much  offended  at  such  '  an  improper 
interpolation  or  addition'  to  his  words, 
p.  198.  Now  it  is  quite  evident  that 
no  one  can  tell  what  was,  or  what 
was  not  in  the  original,  except  the 
author.  Oh,  Mr.  Clarke !  Oh,  Mr. 
Bellenden  Ker  !  why  did  yon  not  dis- 
cover this  ?  Here  we  have  at  once 
the  materials  for  a  new  '  History  of 
God  save  the  King,'  and  a  new  work 
upon  '  Popular  Rhymes.'  We  should 
not  be  surprised  if  our  author  were  to 
deny  this,  for  he  is  a  very  modest  man ; 
but  for  the  credit  of  literature,    we 


1835.^    Todd  on  Translaliom  of  the  Bible,— Works  OM  Slavery.        503 

Instead  of  our  Translation  being  in- 
correctly made,  the  most  anxious  so- 
licitude, the  most  scrupulous  rcgar<i. 
wad  paid  to  every  line  and  word  { 
every  honest  man's  talents  and  know* 
ledge  ^ere  called  for  and  employed  j 
every  chock  to  error  was  imaieined ; 
and  in  fact  every  ihin^  done  in  the 
power  of  man  to  <lo,  faithfully,  «!■  in 
a  mirror  spotless  and  pure,  to  rellcct 
the  image  of  the  grrat  Ort|;inal. — 
Thh  blow,  at  aay  rate,  has  b«en 
struck  ill  vain. 


trust  he  will  be  at  once  drawn  from 
hia  long  concealment  to  receive  the 
honours  he  so  justly  merits.  But 
does  not  the  work  afford  some  clue  as 
to  who  the  author  is? — we  doubt  not 
will  be  instantly  and  eagerly  inquired. 
Alt  that  we  can  tind  is.  that  he  hns 
long  practised  as  an  attorney  snme- 
where  in  the  north  of  England,  and 
that  upon  hi?  retirement  from  busi- 
ness, hia  clients  were  called  upon  to 
subscribe  to  this  work,  which  was 
thus  added,  like  a  farewell  '  six-and- 
eight-pence'  to.  their  accounts.  Any 
thing  more  atrociously  ridiculous, 
more  curiously  absurd,  more  over- 
loaded with  ignorance  atiil  nonBonec, 
never  came  under  our  notice,  and  if 
the  practice  of  his  heart-hardening 
busioeiis  has  not  made  him  '  proof 
and  bulwark  against  sense.'  he  will 
instantly  send  back  the  subscriptiou 
money  to  the  poor  beguiled  '  seven 
hundred.'  whose  names  figure  in  the 
list  prefixed  to  his  \'o1ume. 


jin  auihfntic  Account  of  our  authorised 
TVanshition  qf  the  Holy  Bible,  and 
iff  the  Tranaiatiova,  8fc.  hy  J.  H. 
Todd.  M.A.  \2mo.   J834.  '2d  hUI. 

IT  appears  that  certain  persons 
have  been  for  some  time  circulating 
tracts  in  different  parts  of  England, 
one  of  the  objects  of  which  is  to  per- 
«uadc  the  reader  "  That  our  Knglish 
Bible  is  very  corrupt,  and  has  been 
even  wilfully  corrupted  by  the  ftersons 
who  translated  it  from  the  original 
tongues." — A  more  false,  malicious, 
and  mischievous  statement  certainly 
never  was  made ;  and  the  only  ad- 
vantage which  the  propaunder  of  it 
will  get,  will  be  fouiKl  in  the  benefit 
we  hope  to  him,  of  this  accurate,  am- 
pie,  and  unanswerable  refutation.  Mr. 
Todd  has,  like  a  good  and  ciperieoced 
workman,  produced  much  effect  in  a 
small  compass,  and  lias  rescued  at 
once  our  Translation  from  the  cbarg« 
of  unfaithfulnes*.,  and  our  Translators, 
nf  iucoiiipctence  or  dishone<kty.  Mr. 
Todd's  little  work  contains  a  great 
deal  of  valuable  and  correct  in- 
formation, and  is  a«  entertaining  aa  it 
io  instructive.  From  the  moment  this 
book  lia«  been  read,  and  itA  truths 
koowa.  slander  and  falsehood  ronst 
be  the  inevitable  portion  of  any  oo« 
who  shall  dare  again  to  bring  forward 
Mscrtions    so    triumphantly   refuted. 

Gent.  Mag.  Vol.  III. 


m 


TlieAnti-tloveryRfjiorter,  Nn.\  12.  8ro. 

The  Aholilinniat,    by  the    British   and 
Fbreign    Society   for   the    universal 
abolition   q/"  Neyro   Slavery  and   the 
Slave  Trade,  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  8ro. 
Omnipotence,  as  extmjilifed  in  the  abO' 
lition.  of  Slavery,    by  Samuel    Ro«j 
bcrts,  12mo.  pp>  20. 
THE    professed    friends    and 
vocates   of    that  importnut   mcast 
the   abolition  of   slavery,   have  con-' 
currcd,  first,   in  ascribing  their  suc- 
cess   to   an   over-ruling    Providence, 
and,  secondly,  in  a  resolution  to  watch 
the   progress    and    operation    of    the 
Abolition  Act,  and  to  co-o|>crate  with 
the  friends  of  negro-emancipation  in 
America  and  other  foreign  states,  in 
their  attempts  to  obtain  the  universal 
extinction  of  slavery.     For  this  pur- 
pose some  of  the  moat  active  itinerant 
agitators,  or  apostles  of  freedom  to  the 
negro,  have  been  sent  to  America  by 
the    society    in     Aldermanbury ;    and 
other  agents  of  the  society  are  active 
in  France,  and  among  the  continental 
nations,   in  endeavouring  to  promote 
a  concurrence  in  sonic  general   inter- 
diction both  of  the  state  of  slavery  and 
the  slave-trade. 

The  Antj-slavery  Reporter  contains 
details  of  the  steps  taken  in  the  Bri- 
tish Colonies,  in  pursuance  of  the 
Abolition  Act.  which  give,  upon  the 
whole,  n  fii%'ourablc  view  of  the  ope- 
ration of  t lint  law. 

We  entcrtoin  but  little  doubt  that 
final  success  will  crown  the  exertions 
of  these  active  agents  in  the  cause  of 
humanity,  and  that  the  time  is  not 
very  far  distant  when  there  will  not 
be  a  human  l»eing.  of  whom  it  sliall  b* 
«aid  with  truth,  that  '  '.  in  re- 

lation to  some  othtr  i  rjg,  in 

the   same  position  ••  '"'  o\  or   the 


506 


Rbtibw.— Li^ipenberg's  Huiory  ofEngUmd. 


[May. 


•88.  All  parties  have  a  real  interest 
in  wiping  oat  this  stain  from  the  cha- 
racter of  haman  society. 


Gttekiehte  der  emropauehm  Staatm, 
hermugtg^m  vo»  A.  H.  L.  Heeren, 
umd  F.  A.  Ukert.  (Hit/orjr  <ff  the 
Ewropeam  Statet,  edUed  Ay  A.  H.  L. 
Heeren  a»d  ¥.  A.  Ukert.) 

Otachiekte  vom  EmgUmd  non  J.  M.  Lap- 

rnberg.     {Hittory  of  England,  by 
M.  Lappenberg.)     Firat  vol.  with 
a  Map.     Hambnrg,  1834.     8va. 

THE  scholars  of  Oermany  are  a 
praiseworthy  class  of  men ;  they  turn 
their  hands  to  everything,  and  gene- 
rally to  good  purpose.  To  them  it 
matters  little  whether  this  or  that 
branch  of  knowledge  be  the  prevuling 
fashion  at  this  or  that  University,  or 
not ;  and  such  bia^  even  if  it  do  exist 
in  any  particular  quarter,  exercises  no 
baneful  influence  on  the  literature  of 
the  country  at  lai^e.  In  Germany, 
the  very  word  for  acMolar  denotes  a 
being  widely  different  from  that  on 
whidi  the  same  name  is  bestowed 
among  ourselves,  where  it  is  too  often 
claimed  by,  and  accorded  to  those  whose 
attainments  beyond  an  intimate  ac- 
quaintance with  certain  of  the  classic 
authors — more  espedally  the  Greek 
dramatic  poets,  and  their  metres — 
art  barely  respectable. 

Hence  it  follows,  that,  while  in  Eng- 
land few  ia  the  number  (rf^thoee  fiuniliar 
with  the  eventful  history,  the  laws,  and 
the  general  literature,  ancient  and  mo- 
dem, of  the  Germanic  people,  of  that 
people  from  whom  we  ourselves  are  but 
an  oflbet ;  Germany  teems  with  men 
deeply  conversant  with  our  history,  our 
laws,  our  philosophic  writings,  our 
poetry ;  and  c^)able,  by  their  works,  of 
instructing  us  in  matters  especially  inte- 
resting to  ourselves.  The  recent  pub- 
lications of  Phillipa,*Schmid,tWilda,| 
and  the  author  of  the  work  forming 
the  subject  of  the  present  article,  may 
be  cited  in  corroboration  of  the  fore- 
going remarks. 

Dr.  Lappenberg's  wwk  forms  part 
of  a  series  intended  to  comprise  the 

*  AngeUlchsische  RechtsgescMchte, 
and  Englische  Rechtsgeschichte. 

t  Die  Geietze  der  AngeLMchsea,  mit 
Uebersetning. 

I  Oildewesen. 


histories  of  the  several  states  of  En- 
rope,  now  in  course  of  publication  at 
Hamburg,  under  the  able  superin- 
tendence of  Messrs.  Heeren  and  Ukert. 
The  present  volume,  which  brings  oar 
history  down  to  the  battle  of  Hastings, 
is  a  performance  of  considerable  merit, 
on  account  of  the  spirit  of  inquiry  dia- 
played  throughout,  for  which  the  au- 
thor is  entitled  to  our  unqualified  praise. 
Not  content  with  having  thoroughly 
availed  himself  of  the  labours  of  the 
Greek  and  Roman  writers,  and  of  our 
own  historians,  fiY>m  Gildas  to  Pal- 
grave,  Dr.  L.  has  also  turned  to  excel- 
lent account  many  foreign  sourcea  of 
information,  the  migority  of  which 
have  been  hitherto  too  much  over- 
looked by  the  native  writers  of  early 
English  history.  To  these  recommen- 
dations must  be  added  the  important 
one  of  great  chronological  accuracy,  a 
point  to  which  Dr.  Li4>penberg  lias 
devoted  much  attention. 

But  Dr.  Lappenberg's  work  has  its 
faults.  Its  style,  though  we  dare  not 
say  that  it  is  not  good  (well  know- 
ing on  what  ticklish  ground  we  stand 
when  judging  of  a  language  not  our 
own),  at  least,  is  not  to  our  taste. 
We  would  fain  see  periods,  if  not 
shorter,  yet,  at  any  rate,  so  put  to- 
gether as  to  run  on  smoothly,  and,  by 
vxe  skilful  arrangement  of  dieir  seve- 
ral clauses,  obviate  the  necessity  of 
holding  the  memory  constantly  on  Ae 
stretch.  A  greater  degree  of  attention 
to  this  particular  would  have  contri- 
buted also  to  the  perspicuity  of  many 
passages,  the  sense  of  which  seems  at 

firesent  obscured  by  a  sort  of  mist, 
n  reading  a  work  for  the  sake  of  its 
Aicts,  nodiing  is  more  annoying  than 
constanUy  to  lie  under  the  necessity  of 
disentangling  intricate  and  lengdiy 
sentences.  The  list  of  errata  too — and 
it  is  very  far  from  complete — is  one  of 
the  longest  we  remember  to  have  seen, 
even  in  a  German  publication.  In 
fact,  from  beginning  to  end,  the  vo- 
lume is  sorely  disfigured  by  verbal  in- 
accuracies. Of  those  which  are  Dr. 
Lappenberg's  own,  may  be  mentioned 
his  frequent  want  of  uniformity  in  the 
spelling  of  proper  names — a  source  of 
much  perplexity  to  the  tyro  reader  of 
Anglo-Saxon  history,  and  his  ixKMr-. 
rect  citations  of  English  works.  C^ 
those  purely  typographical,  eone-" 
sufficiently  startling,  e.  g.  on  Out' 


1835.] 


Rbvisw.— fWnera/  Sermon$  on  Dr.  Morrison. 


ject  of  the  iDtrodactioD  of  titlies  by 
King  Oflfa,  we  find  a  reference  to  Bran- 
tome  !  On  turning  to  the  errata,  we 
are  directed  for  '  Brantomej  to  read 
Bromlon. ' 

But  these  verbal  faults  detract  in  a 
very  slight  dej;fee  from  the  general 
merit  of  the  w  irk;  and  they  are  the 
chief,  though  nut  the  only  ones.  We 
think,  for  inst;!iicej  that  the  arrangc- 
raenl  of  the  history,  during  the  period 
of  the  '  Jleptiirchy/  might  be  im- 
proved ;  and  we  see  no  necessity  for 
repeating  the  account  of  the  murder 
of  Mul,  or  Molio,  the  brother  of  Ccad- 
walla,  by  the  Kentish  men.*  Such 
blemishes  are.however.butasscratchea 
upon  a  bright  surface;  a  little  polish- 
ing will  oblitcriUc  them ;  and  this  is 
what  we  shall  rejoice  to  see  effected, 
and  that  speedily,  in  a  second  edition, 
or  in  an  able  translation  into  our  own 
language. 

Having  carried  our  remarks  beyond 
what  we  originally  intended,  our  ex- 
tracts  must  be  proportionally  short. 
The  following  jodicious  passage  is  se- 
lected as  a  specimen  of  the  spirit  which 
pervades  the  entire  work.  "  Die  Eolle, 
he.  (p.  251)." 

"  The  part  which,  in  this  expedition, 
is  attributed  to  the  King  of  Armorica 
(AUn  II.),  does  not  at  all  accord  with 
the  feeble  character  we  have  of  him  from 
other  accounts.  Our  hijtorical  reaearch, 
however,  u  we  have  already  teen,  has  not 
to  boast  of  any  great  knowledge  tbrown 
on  the  History  of  Wrs^ex  frum  Anglo- 
Saxon  sources,  and  we  must  sometimes, 
for  the  history  of  that  kingdom,  which, 
ID  consequence  of  |u-oxiaiity  of  situation, 
they  frequently  mention,  have  regard  to 
the  Webb  traditinos.  In  which  many  an 
historic  accnuat  may  lie  concealed.  If, 
in  this  respect,  Jeffrey  of  Monmouth  is 
too  bttle  esteemed,  so  ought  we  not  to 
set  too  high  a  value  on  his  contemporary, 
Caradoc  of  Llancarrau  -,  though  criticism 
hu  seldom  pointed  its  weapons  against 
him,  and  the  accumulating  of  his  narra^ 
tivcs  seems  sometimes  to  have  lent  ariiew 
of  sedulous  profoandneaa  to  MIBM  noent 
histnrirni  wiirks.  Dut  in  miMt caoes,  from 
Bimi!  i-tory  statements  In  Iho 

old  i'  orical  traditions,   it  may 

be  fu»auicJ,  tbal  the  Welsh  historians 
Lnd  ulnpU'd  the  |ioUcy  of  artfully  ab> 
^  '  '  tlio 


Uty  in  history,  and  transferring  them  to 
bis  British  contemporaries,  if  not  to  ima- 
ginary beings  of  their  own  creation.  The 
case  before  us  leads  to  the  observation 
that,  among  the  West  Saions  and  Bri- 
tons, there  occurs  a  similarity  of  namca 
only  to  be  explained  by  early  marriagea 
between  the  two  nations ;  an  instance  is 
that  of  Ccrdic  himself.  With  regard  to 
that  of  Ceadwalla,  it  is  not  unim}K)rtant 
fur  the  genuineness  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
history  to  remark,  that  this  name,  as  al- 
ready existing  among  several  of  the  more 
ancient  Germanic  stocks,  was  known  to 
Cssar  and  Tadtus." 


The  Funeral  DiscoHm,  oeeanoned  by 
the  Death  of  the  Rev.  Robert  Mor- 
ruon.  D.D,  F.R.S.  delivered  before 
the  l^ndon  Mimonary  Soriety,  at 
the  Poultry  Chapel.  Feb.  19,  1835. 
J3y  Joseph  Fletcher,  D.D.  8vo.  pp.75. 

A  Voice  from  China ;  a  Diacourte  to 
improve  the  lamented  Death  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Morri»on.  D.D.  F.R.S. 
Sfv. ;  mith  a  Sketch  of  Aw  Character 
and  Labuitrs,  principally  compiled 
from  hi$  o»m  Corretpondence.  By 
John  Clunie,  LL.D.  8vo,  pp.  4S. 

EminenJ  U$efttlne$a  aaawed  of  a  ghriom$ 
Reward :  a  Sermon  occasioned  by  the 
Death  of  the  Rev.  Robert  MorrtMom, 
D.D.  tfc.  By  John  Jefferson.  8to, 
pp.  29. 

I.  THE  theme  chosen  by  Doctor 
Fletcher,  who  was  a  fellow  student 
with  Morrison,  for  the  illustration  of 
his  subject,  is  the  characteristic  zeal 
and  self-devotion  of  the  great  Apo&tle 
of  the  Gentiles,  from  Philippians,  i. 
20.  "Christ  shall  be  magnified  in  my 
body,  whether  it  be  by  life  or  by 
death."  In  zeal  and  devotion  the 
preacher  considers  Dr.  Alorrison  to 
have  been  not  less  conspicuous  among 
modem  missionaries,  than  Paul  was 
among  the  immediate  disciples  and 
apostles  of  our  Lord ;  and  like  that 
apostle,  to  have  kept  the  progress  of 
Divine  Truth  among  the  heathens  ever 
present  before  his  mind,  as  the  great 
aim  of  his  whole  life  ;  and  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  which  it  was  his  hisbp'^i) 
ambition  to  be  permitted  to  e 
all  his  energies,  and  to  employ 
moment  of  his  time. 

The  sketch  of  Dr.  Morrison's  poblii 
life  and  1:ibrmrs,  which   appeared 
our  last  Ubituury  (p.  43&>«  will  ei 


508 


Rktisw. — Fwural  Sftnumi  <m  Dr.  ilo'rrisM. 


[May. 


oar  readers  to  form  some  jadgment 
for  themselves  as  to  the  correctness  of 
the  preacher's  representations.  As  a 
composition,  the  Discourse  before  as 
is  entitled  to  the  praise  of  clearness 
and  force  of  expression  ;  and  it  was, 
as  we  have  been  informed,  heard  by  a 
crowded  and  respectable  aoditory,  with 
the  most  serious  attention.  It  con- 
tains some  extracts  from  the  Doctor's 
correspondence,  as  well  as  from  that 
of  his  son,  stating  the  circumstances 
of  his  father's  last  illness  and  death  : 
and  in  the  appendix,  an  extract  from 
Dr.  Morrison's  Parting  Memorial,  pub- 
lished in  1825,  from  which  we  cannot 
abstain  from  quoting  one  paragraph, 
because  it  furnishes  valuable  iofonna> 
tion,  with  the  sanction  of  his  autho- 
rity, upon  that  much  disputed  topic, 
the  real  state  and  relative  condition  of 
the  Chinese.     It  is  as  follows  : 

"  To  that  people  the  God  of  HMVcn 
has  given  so  extensive  territory,  contain- 
ing large  portions  of  fertile,  salnbrioos, 
and  deUghtfdl  country ;  and  they  possess 
a  knowledge  of  the  nsefol  arts,  to  a  degree 
which  supplies  all  the  necessaries  and 
most  of  the  Inxnnes  of  life.  In  these 
respects  they  require  nothing /rom  Eu- 
rope. They  possess  also  ancient  and  mo- 
dem literature  in  great  abundance ;  and 
an  unlicensed  press,  and  cheap  books 
suited  to  their  taste.  With  poetry  and 
music,  and  elegant  compositions,  and 
native  ancient  classics,  and  copious  his- 
tories of  their  own  part  of  the  world; 
and  antiquities,  and  topographical  illus- 
trations ;  and  dramatic  compositions,  and 
delineations  of  men  and  manners  in  works 
of  fiction  ;  and  tales  of  battles  and  of  mur- 
ders ;  and  the  tortuous  stratagems  of  pro- 
tracted and  bloody  civil  wars:  with  all 
these,  and  with  mythological  trends  for 
the  superstitious,  the  Chinese  and  kin- 
dred nations  are  by  the  press  most  abun- 
dantly supplied.  Nor  is  their  literature 
destitute  of  theories  of  Nature,  and  de- 
scriptions of  her  various  productions,  and 
the  processes  of  the  pharmacopist,  and 
the  history  and  practice  of  medicine." 

Such  is  the  view  that  Dr.  Morrison 
has  given  of  the  Chinese  nation;  a 
perfect  contrast,  as  our  readers  will 
observe,  to  the  view  given  of  it  by 
some  of  our  coantrymen,  who  have 
represented  the  Chinese  as  little  better 
than  savages,  in  possession  of  a  coun- 
try, the  reiources  qf  which  it  required 
the  aid  of  Britith  skill  and  capital  to 
enable  them  to  develope,  and  which  aid 


we  were  warranted  \sifbrciMg  them  to 
accept. 

We  regret  that  Dr.  Fletcher  shoald 
have  so  fallen  into  the  current  of  po* 
polar  declamation,  as  to  afford  the 
sanction  of  his  name  (p.  28)  to  the 
charge  against  the  Chinese,  that  their 
Government  and  institutions  are  amti- 
toeioL  We  readily  admit  that  they 
manifest  a  wary  caution  in  their  mari- 
time intercourse  with  foreigners,  from 
whom  alone  they  can  in  all  human  pro- 
bability receive  the  pure  light  of  Di- 
vine Revelation  ;  but  we  consider  our- 
selves as  not  warranted  in  placing  thi^ 
caution  to  the  account  of  an  anti-social 
temi}er,  but  rather  to  that  of  their 
past  experience  of  annoyance  and  in- 
jury from  such  intercourse,  which  they 
may  reasonably  be  supposed  desiroos 
of  avoiding  in  future. 

II.  Dr.Clunic,  whose  Sermon  comes 
next  in  order,  was  also  one  of  Dr. 
Morrison's  fellow  students,  and  had 
purposed  to  accompany  him  in  his 
mission  to  China,  had  not  unforeseen 
circumstances  prevented  it.  Oat  of 
this  early  connexion  arose  a  friendship 
which  lasted  through  life,  and  was 
maintained  by  a  constant  and  confi- 
dential correspondence.  The  Sermon 
before  as  contains  several  interesting 
extracts  from  the  letters  of  MorrisoB ; 
they  indeed  constitute  the  principal 
part  of  the  Discourse,  and  exhibit  a 
mind  as  resigned  under  heavy  domes- 
tic affliction,  as  it  was  persevering  in 
the  discharge  of  public  duty. 

III.  Mr.  Jefferson's  Sermon  for- 
nishes  scarcely  any  additional  infor- 
mation to  that  which  is  contained  in 
the  Discourses  already  referred  to.  It 
is  a  pious  exhortation  addressed  to  the 
preacher's  congregation  at  Stoke  New- 
mgton ;  and  is  calculated,  as  it  was  no 
doabt  intended,  to  attract  public  at- 
tention to  the  importance  and  duty  of 
sending  forth  Christian  missionaries 
among  the  heathen. 


TAe  History  of  Evetham,  ita  Bekedie- 
tine  monattery,  conventual  chwrdk, 
existing  edifices,  municiped  inttiim-^ 
tiont,  parliamentary  occurrences,  cMI 
and  military  events..  Bf  Qeotgt 
May.    8vo,  pp.  354. 

WHEN  the  hisfa 
been  already  wri 


1835.] 


Review.  — May's  History  of  Evesham. 


L 


of  a  new  one  is  an  easy  task  ;  and  the 
credit  which  can  be  awarded  to  tlie 
latter  author  is  necessarily  small,  in 
comparison  to  that  which  i»  due  to 
him  who  proJuccs  an  original  worit 
from  unpublished  sources.  A  History 
of  Evpshacn  was  put  forth  in  1794,  in 
a  quarto  vnlame,  by  the  Rev.  William 
Tintlal ;  besides  what  bad  been  told 
of  the  annals  of  the  monastery,  which 
was  the  main  feature  of  the  place,  in 
the  Mtmtstifon,  and  in  Nash's  Wor- 
cestershire. But  these  are  works  not 
of  ordinary  occurrence;  and  Mr.  May 
would  have  deserved  *'ell  of  his  fellow 
townsmen  in  producing  this  volume, 
suited  for  grnernl  circulation,  even 
had  it  contained  Icbs  original  matter 
than  it  actually  does.  We  are  happy, 
however,  to  add  that  hin  diligence  in 
the  collection  of  additional  informa- 
tion, is  very  conspicuous ;  and  that, 
in  the  modern  hislckry  of  the  town  es- 
pecially, and  those  portions  which  are 
of  more  present  interest  than  mere  an- 
lic|uilies,  he  ha^  proved  himself  an  in> 
dustriuus  inquirer  and  vigilant  chro- 
nicler. 

The  monastery,  and  consequrntly 
the  town  of  Evesham,  was  founded  at 
the  coramenccmcnl  nf  the  eighth  cen- 
tury, by  Egwin,  Bishop  of  Worcester, 
afterwards  canonized,  who  resigned 
his  episcopal  dignity,  and  became  the 
first  Abbat.  The  state  of  the  place 
previously  to  this  important  event,  as 
handed  down  by  the  tradition  of  the 
monastery,  is  shown  by  the  sin^lar 
design  engraved  on  its  seal,  which  re- 
presents a  swineherd  in  the  midst  of 
a  forest,  surrounded  by  an  Anglo- 
Saxon  inscription,  stating  that  "  Eoves 
here  dwelt,  and  was  a  swain  ;  where- 
fore men  called  this  Evesham."  With 
respect  to  the  curious  seal,  we  observe 
that  Mr.  May  refers  to  the  engraving 
and  explanation  by  Mr.  Hamper,  in 
the  19th  volume  of  Archa^ologia.  aa 
being  satisfactory ;  but  in  consequence 
of  not  having  noticed  the  letter  of  Sir 
Frederick  Madden  in  our  Magazine 
for  April  1830.  he  has  reprinted  the 
inscriptions  with  the  threeerrors  which 
were  tlicre  pointed  out, 

In  p.  7I<  when  noticing  the  bequest 
laft  by  Abbat  Norton  in  ligl,  for  an 
il  festival  in  the  convent,  "  the 
ia  anniversary"  is  mistaken 
is  clkTtion  instead  of  that 
<]  it  is  added. 


"  On  which  occasion  they  received  a 
buck  from  the  conventual  park  at  Offen- 
ham,  together  with  twenty  pence  each. 
The  better  to  provide  for  such  festivity, 
it  i«  recorded  that  ht?  enlarged  the  park 
aforesaid,  as  ahio  the  wiue-ccUar  of  the 
abbey." 

Now,  here  we  must  remark  first, 
that  we  apprehend  the  epithet  '  con- 
ventual '  is  not  correct ;  as  Ofl^enltam 
was  the  Abbat's  private  domain, 
though  in  virtue  of  his  dignity;  as 
parsonages  are  strictly  private  houses, 
not  public  to  the  parish.  Otherwise 
the  Abbat  would  have  merely  given 
the  convent  of  their  own.  The  enlarge- 
ment of  the  park,  in  consequence  of 
requiring  an  additional  doe  (not  a 
bock)  yearly,  seems  strange  enough, 
but  appears  to  be  supported  by  the 
authority  ;  but  the  enlargement  of  the 
cellar  is  completely  Mr.  May's  own 
embellishtnent,  as  the  following  ex- 
tract will  show : 

"  ut  fratrea  haherent  nnam  da- 


mam  rx  'hunmario  de  Offenlmni,  et  ideo 
ainpliafit  porcuin  de  Offenham,  cum  vino 
de  eellerario  Abbatis." 


I 
I 

I 


The  architectural  remains  of  Eves* 
ham  Abbey  are  very  small.  It  is  on 
record  that  the  ruins  were  for  a  consi- 
derable time  the  working  quarry  of  a 
merchant  in  stone.  One  single  an- 
cient doorway,  and'  a  handsome  tower 
built  by  the  la»t  Abbat,  alone  remain. 
Of  the  various  sepulchral  and  other 
relics  which  have  been  found  during  a 
careful  examination  of  the  foundatioos 
by  the  owner,  Mr.  Rudge.  we  under- 
stand a  copious  account  will  be  shortly 
published  by  the  Society  of  Antiqua- 
ries, in  their  Vetuata  Monumcnta.  fl 

There  are  three  churches  in  the  | 
town  (including  Bengeworth),  one  of 
which,  St.  Lawrence,  has  been  for 
many  years  a  partial  ruin.  A  defi- 
ciency of  church  accommodation  be- 
ing now  experienced,  efi'orts  are  at 
present  being  made  for  its  restoration. 
These  have  been  already  noticed  in 
our  Magazine  for  September  last,  p. 
296  ;  and  we  are  recently  informed  by 
a  correspondent  (writing  since  the 
publication  of  Mr.  May's  book),  that 
of  the  estimated  expense  of  2350/.  the 
sum  of  100<i/.  is  now  subscribed,  and 
the  faithful  restoration  of  this  really 
handsome  edifice  (of  a  late  atyle  of 
Pointed  architecture)  will  shortly  be 


J 


610 


Rbtibw. — WDkiiuoa's  LomUm  lUtutratm. 


[Maj. 


commenced.  He  adds,  that  the  por- 
tion of  the  plan  for  erecting  galleriee 
between  the  arches,  which  was  cen- 
sured in  oar  fonner  article,  has  been 
abandoned. 

With   onr   author's    disagreement 
with  Mr.  Rndge  (originating  in  this 
Miscellany  ait  npra)  respecting  the 
seats   belonging    to  that  gentleman, 
winch  now  occupy  Abbat  Lichfield's 
chantry  chapel  in  All  Saints  Church, 
we  do  not  feel  ourselves  competent  to 
interfere.  It  would  be  difficult  to  form 
a  judgment  on  the  subject   without 
seeing  the  place ;  but  we  do  not  find 
that  Mr.  May  himself  charges   the 
gallery  of  pews  with  defacing  the  ar- 
chitecture ;  but  merely  with  filling  up 
the  area.     In  this  case,  it  may  be  a 
question,  whether  the  chapel  would 
be  more  effectually  preserved  if  left  to 
itself.     But  we  quite  agree  with  Mr. 
May  in  his  censure  of  the  opening  of 
the  Abbat's  tomb ;  for  we  think  a  re- 
newed feeling  of  respect  for  the  sanc- 
tity of  the  grave,  is  very  much  re- 
quired.  That  a  gentleman  of  antiqua- 
nan  taste  should  explore  the  desecrated 
ruins  on  his  own  premises  was  reason- 
able; but  to  disturb  the  graves  of  a 
church  was  a  step  beyond  what  can 
be  fully  justified.     Too  many  have 
already  been  made  to  contribute  to 
the  gratification  of  an  idle  curiosity ; 
and  the  most  inquisitive  in  then  mat- 
ters need  not  now  think  it  hard  to  be  re- 
ferred for  information  to  the  number- 
less trophies  of  the  antiquarian  resur- 
rection-men which  have  already  been 
placed  on  record  by  the  printer  and 
engraver. 

On  this  point  we  can  excuse  the 
somewhat  excessive  warmth  and  in- 
flation of  language  in  which  our  au- 
thor occasionally  indulges,  particu- 
larly when  discussing  matters  of  po- 
litics. 

The  churches,  however,  are  dis- 
missed somewhat  briefly,  none  of  the 
epitaphs  being  inserted ;  and,  on  the 
whole,  this  work,  though  stored  in 
public  statistics,  is  somewhat  defi- 
cient in  biography  and  family  history. 
These  and  other  matters  which  will 
doubtless  arise,  we  recommend  Mr. 
May  to  cultivate  and  collect,  and  to 
publish  them  in  annual  supplements, 
in  the  manner  of  the  valuable  '  Tewkes- 
bury Magazine'  of  his  brother  biblio- 
pole and  historian,  Mr.  Bennett. 


WiLKiNBoiv's  Lomdma  lUiutrata  ;  am^ 
$iMting  qf  geographical  and  kutorieai 
Mtwuriala  qf  the  ancient  Ampearamct 
qftheMetn^toUa;  and  qfthe  Cknrckm, 
religiomi  Foundation*,  Chapela  and 
Meeting -houae$  ;  Palace*  and  1£bi- 
eiont:  Camrtt,  Halle,  and  PnbUc 
Bntidinge  ;  Schoob,  Almthoweee,  mnd 
HoepitaU;  Plaeee  qf  Awuaemut; 
Theatre*,  Proce**ion*,  Ceremomie*,  amd 
Mieeettmteou*  ol(feetM  qf  Autijniig; 
in  the  Citiee  and  Suburhe  qf  London 
and  Weetmineter.  Engraved  os  ao6 
Copper  Plate*,  with  Demr^tiona, 
2  vols,  large  4to. 

THE  late  Mr.  Robert  WilkinsOB, 
formerly  a  respectable  printseller  in 
Comhill,  and  afterwards  in  Fm- 
church-street,  was  much  attadied  to 
antiquarian  pursuits,  and  published 
many  prints  and  books  illustrative  of 
the  antiquities  of  the  Metropolis, 
which  will  be  hereafter  much  prited 
by  the  collector.  In  1797,  he  pub- 
lished "  Antique  Remains  from  dw 
Parish  Church  of  St.  Martin  Oat- 
wich,"  12  plates;  in  180. .  Memoirs 
of  Sir  Julius  Caesar  and  Family,  4to, 
with  their  mcmuments  in  St.  Helen's 
Church,  Bishopsgate.  He  also  made 
large  collections  for  the  history  of  the 

Earish  of  St.  Peter,  Comhill,  in  which 
e  long  resided,  consisting  of  cxtiacts 
from  the  Ward  Books,  of  references 
to  Records,  &c.  Wills  of  Benefiurtors, 
particulars  as  to  the  building  and  re- 
pairs of  the  Church  from  1575  to 
1729,  &c.  which  were  sold  at  his  sale 
Oct.  27,  1826,  for  3/.  19».  to  Mr.  Up- 
cott,  and  are  now  in  the  Library  of 
the  City  of  London,  in  three  volumes 
folio.  He  had  prepared  18  plates  for 
this  work,  of  which  a  list  is  given  in 
Upcott's  English  Topography,  vol.  11. 
p.  709.  Mr.  Wilkinson  also  formed 
various  collections  relating  to  the 
ancient  Theatres  in  London,  and  the 
Theatre  at  Ipswich,  more  particu- 
larly as  respects  Garrick's  appearance 
therein,  1741 .  They  were  sold  at  the 
same  time  for  1/.  4».  to  the  late  Mr. 
Haslewood.  His  "  Londina  lUus. 
trata,"  with  the  Continuation  now 
published,  was  sold  by  auction  at  hia 
sale,  Oct.  2,  1825.  for  lOOO/. ;  but  tike 
purchaser  not  making  good  his  coB> 
tract,  it  was  afterwards  disposed  at 
privately  for  just  half  that  sum. 
This  curious  work  was 


1835.] 


Rbvibw — Wilkinson's  Londina  Illuatrata. 


511 


by  Mr.  Wilkinson  in  1808.  and  in 
1819.  he  so  Tar  completed  his  design, 
as  to  foria  one  very  largt'  volume,  with 
printed  Contents.  Ih*,  however,  pro- 
ceeded to  publish  other  Plates  as  a 
continuation,  but  had  not  completed 
theiB,  when  death  put  an  end  to  his 
labours  iu  1625.  The  plates  having 
become  the  property  of  Mr.  Gilbert 
"Walmsley,  he  has  now  perfccled  Mr. 
Wilkinson's  design,  by  the  publication 
of  39  Prints,  with  which  are  given 
very  full  and  accurate  Descriptions, 
not  only  of  those  in  the  Supplement, 
but  also  of  many  published  in  the 
earlier  part  of  the  work,  drawn  up  by 
the  industrious  compiler  of  the  "Chro- 
nicles of  London  Bridge."  The  first 
article  in  the  Supplement  is  an  account 
of  "  TTie  Conduits  of  Cbeapside  .and 
Cornhill,"  in  which  are  detailed  the 
ditferent  modes  of  supplying  the  me- 
tropolis with  water.  It  appears  that 
the  Cross  and  Conduits  at  West  Cheap 
were  always  employed  as  stations  for 
pageants  in  the  triumphs.  show6,  and 
royal  processions  in  the  City  ;  and 
frequently  ran  with  wine.* 

The  plan  of  the  (ire  in  Bishopsgatc- 
strect,  &c.  1765.  seems  copied  from 
our  Magazine  for  Nov.  ]  765,  although 
the  London  Magazine  is  given  as  the 
authority.  Possibly  it  was  engraved 
in  both  works.  It  was  the  largest  fire 
since  the  great  fire  of  London.  1C66. 

In  the  account  of  "  St.  Paul's  Cross 
and  Cathedral,"  as  shewn  in  an  an- 
tient  picture  in  the  possession  of  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries,  (designed  by 
Henry  Farley,  with  a  view  to  induce 
King  James  I.  to  repair  St.  Paul's  Ca- 
thedral,} it  might  have  been  men- 
tioned that  another  portion  of  this  cu- 
rious picture  has  Iw'en  recently  en- 
graved by  Mr.  Nichols,  in  his  "  Pro- 
gresses of  King  James  the  First." 

The  piOrish  church  of  St.  Paul,  Shad- 
well,  is  well  described,  with  external 
and  internal  views  of  the  old  church, 
and  the  outside  of  the  new  one,  dc- 
)cd  by  Mr.  J.  Walters  (which  wilt 
be  found  in  Gent.  Mag.  for 
ch  1823). 

The  account  of  thtf  oarish  d 
St  Per.  r  i,|.r,n  Cf 


borate  performance,  and,  printed  in  a 
less  close  manner,  would  have  formed 
of  itself  no  contemptible  quarto  to> 
lume.  The  registers  of  this  parish 
are  well  preserved,  and  some  curious 
extracts  are  given.  We  scarcely  know 
another  city  parish  so  well  described  : 
for  which  we  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
Thomson,  who  has  evidently  made  the 
best  use  of  Mr.  Wilkinson's  copious 
but  undigested  materials.  The  church 
itself,  though  very  unpromising  on  the 
outside,  has  had  much  attention  be- 
stowed on  its  interior  by  its  great  ar- 
chitect Sir  Christopher  Wren. 

Four  pages,  in  addition  to  the  ac- 
count of  St.  Saviour's,  Southwark, 
dc.«cribc  (with  a  view,)  the  Bishop  of 
Winchester's  chapel,  at  the  east  end, 
now  removed,  and  give  a  summary 
of  the  triumph  of  good  taste  and  right 
feeling  in  the  restoration  of  the  Lady 
Chapel,  effected  mainly  by  the  steady 
perseverance  and  unwearied  exertions 
of  T.  Saunders.  Esq.  F.S.A. 

A  view  of  the  old  school  of  St.  Paul's, 
taken  down  in  1823,  is  accompanied 
by  an  excellent  compendium  of  the 
history  of  Dean  Colet'a  noble  founda- 
tion. It  commences  by  noticing  an 
earlier  school,  which  has  been  some- 
times confounded  with  the  later  esta- 
blishment by  Dean  Colet ;  and  the 
history  of  the  early  scliool  is  extracted 
from  "  A  series  of  Evidences  respect- 
ing St.  Paul's  Choristers,"  an  un- 
published work  by  Miss  Hackett. 

Tlie  account  of  St.  Paul's  School  is 
closed  b^  a  list  of  the  numerous  emi- 
nent individuals  educated  at  this  cele- 
brated "  nursery  for  sound  learning 
and  religious  education." 

Among  other  equally  good  articles 
may  be  mentioned,  —  the  manor, 
chape],  and  market  of  Leadcnhall, 
with  four  plates  ;  the  priory  of  the 
Holy  Trinity,  with  three  plates  ; 
Lambe's    Chapel,    Monkwell    Street, 

&C.  &C' 

Under  the  places  of  amusement,  the 

history  of  Coper's  Gardens,  Lambeth, 

is  given  at  considerable  length.    The 

site  is  now  occupied  by  the  road  lead- 

ioe   to  W^aterloo  Briii^:L-,      Near  the 

•  "da  the  uew  ihuichof  St.  John, 

Uecribcd  (with  a  view)  by 

>ur  Magazine  for  May 

"'otto  Gardens,  St. 

other  phicc  for 


512 


Rbtibw. — ^Talbot's  Translathm  of  Faust. 


tMay. 


vocal  and  instramental  music,  of  which 
an  account  will  here  be  found. 

The  sculpture  on  the  Monument, 
carved  by  Caius  Gabriel  Gibber,  is  well 
engraved,  and  introduces  an  excellent 
dissertation  on  the  historv  of  this 
famous  column ;  in  which  the  various 
criticisms  on  the  structure  are  noticed, 
not  forgetting  the  recent  controversy 
in  our  Magazine  for  1831,  between 
cor  excellent  correspondent,  Mr.  E.  J. 
Carlo."),  and  the  late  Mr.  Fred.  1  bom- 
hill  of  Fish  Street  Hill,  concerning  the 
propriety  of  erasing  those  inscriptions 
which  charged  the  papists  with  de- 
vising and  effecting  the  Fire  of  London. 

On  the  whole,  we  may  safely  pro- 
Doance  these  volumes  to  be  the  most 
valuable  addition  to  the  Topography 
of  London  since  the  "  Londinium  Re- 
divivum"  of  the  late  Mr.  James  Peller 
Malcolm.  To  the  possessors  of  the 
former  volumes  of  Mr.  Wilkinson's 
Londina  Illustrata,  this  supplement 
is  indispensable. 


J%e  Fmut  of  Cfoethe,  attempted  in  Eng- 
lish rhyme.  By  the  Hon.  Robert 
Talbot. 

PERHAPS  no  work  has  ever  ex- 
cited more  enthusiasm  in  Germany, 
or  been  less  understood  in  this  country, 
than  the  Faust  of  Goethe.  It  is  an  ex- 
traordinary fact,  that  at  the  present 
moment  no  two  persons,  perhaps,  are 
agreed  as  to  the  object  Goethe  had  in 
view  when  he  wrote  his  "work,  and 
few  Germans  even  can  explain  some 
of  the  difficult  passages  which  are  to 
be  met  with  in  it.  Under  these  cir- 
cumstances, it  is  not  to  be  wondered 
at  that  so  many  English  translators  of 
this  mysterious  work  should  have  so 
completely  failed  in  forming  a  just 
estimate  of  it.  This  has  been  the 
case  with  Lord  Francis  Egerton's 
translation,  containing,  as  it  does, 
many  beautiful  passages,  and  aI»o 
with  Mr.  Shelley's.  Mr.  Hay  ward's 
prose  translation  is  also  a  failure, 
although  his  notes  are  confessedly 
very  valuable.  We  say  nothing  of 
several  minor  attempts  ;  but  come  at 
once  to  the  translation  before  us. 

After  perusing  Mr.  Talbot's  Faust, 
it  is  impossible  to  deny  him  the  merit 
of  not  only  having  thoroughly  studied 
his  author,  but  of  having  more  fully 
entered  into  his  meanings  and  imbibed 
8 


his  spirit  than  any  of  his  numerous 

Kredecessors.  Mr.  Talbot,  we  hear, 
as  resided  much  in  Germany,  and 
his  translation  was  for  some  time  in 
the  hands  of  the  widow  of  Goethe, 
who  understands  English  perfectly, 
and  who  has  pronounced  it  to  be  not 
only  the  most  literal  translation  of 
Faust  which  has  yet  appeared,  but  to 
have  entered  completely  into  the  spirit 
and  meaning  of  the  work.  In  fact, 
he  has  covered  himself  with  Goethe's 
mantle,  and  we  only  regret  that  the 
German  text  was  not  printed  page  by 

Bige  with  its  English  translation, 
ad  this  been  done,  the  merits  of  Mr. 
Talbot  would  have  been  more  con- 
spicuous, and  the  student  of  German 
literature  would  have  been  assisted  in 
reading  and  understanding  a  national 
poem  which  has  been  the  idol  of  the 
country  in  which  it  was  produced. 

The  task  which  Mr.  Talbot  has  so 
ably  performed,  and  which  he  so  mo- 
destly calls  "  an  attempt,"  is  one  of 
no  small  difficulty.  It  has  been  said 
that  "  the  very  idea  of  writing  a  proae 
translation  of  this  brilliant  poem  is 
inconceivably  ludicrous ;"  and  so  it 
is  : — but  at  the  same  time  it  must  be 
confessed  that  the  task  of  rendering  it 
in  English  rhyme  is  inconceivably  dif- 
ficult. Mr.  Talbot  shall,  however, 
speak  for  himself  on  this  subject.  He 
tells  us  in  his  preface,  that 

"  The  German  language  is,  at  once,  so 
comprehensive,  flexible,  and  elastic  in 
its  character,  that  it  ia  equallj  capable  of 
the  greatest  expansion  or  compressure ; 
and  thus  easily  moolds  itself  into  the 
forms  of  other  languages,  whilst  it  ad- 
mits of  certain  modes  of  expression  so 
peculiar,  and  sometimes  apparently  so 
capricious,  as  to  defy  all  attempts,  on  the 
part  of  a  translator,  to  produce  an  exact 
imitation.  Grerman  writers,  moreover, 
claim  the  privilege  not  only  of  creating 
new  compounds  at  pleasure,  but  of  vary- 
ing the  import  of  those  already  in  use, 
and  80  arbitrary  is  their  dominion  over 
ellipsis,  that  some  ampliflcation  is  often 
necessary  to  render  the  meaning  intel- 
ligible in  another  tongue.  The  present 
writer  has,  accordingly,  endeavoured  to 
collect  the  spirit  of  liis  author'8  meaning, 
without  confining  liimsclf  to  a  mere  ver- 
bal interpretation,  or  attempting  to  fur- 
nish an  exact  echo  to  the  almost  endless 
variety  of  measures  employed  in  the  ori- 
ginal, however  graceful  they  may  be  in 
themselves ;  still  less  has  be  thought  of 
finding  equival*"^  *        "^    ^  tM.#^ 


KcviBW. — State  P<ip«r$,  temp.  Henry  VJII. 


513 


male  rhymefl  (or,  na  wc  call  them,  donblo 
codings),  which  so  abound  in  the  Gcr- 

^naa  langaa^e,  and  are  comparatively  co 

I  »arc  in  our  own.' ' 

After  this  explanation  of  the  diffi- 
culties he  bad  to  encounter,  l^'e  will 
proceed  to  give  two  or  three  extracts 
Ironi  the  poem  itself,  to  show  how 
ably  Mr.  Talbot  has  performed  his 
task.  Wc  will  quote  from  one  of 
Faust's  conversations  with  Wagner  : 

'  Oh  happy  he,  who  might  the  hope  enjoy. 
From  out  this  sea  of  error  to  arise  1 
Man  ever  more  for  what  he  kaows  oot 
oighs, 
Tet  what  h«  knows  be  never  can  employ  t 

But  o'er  the  brightness  of  this  scene, 
"Suffer  no  gloomy   thoughts  a  cloud  to 
throw  1  [jireen, 

S<r  yonder  huts,  embower'd  in  tender 
Ting'd    by  the  slanting   sunbeams,  how 
they  glow  1  [f  one  by ; 

Thnt  sun  departs,  the  day*s  brief  hours 
Yet  hies  he  henoe,  new  regions  to  revive. 
Oh,  for  a  wing,  that  I  might  mount  tUe 
sky. 
And  after  him  for  ever,  ever  strive  1  " 

"  Ainu,  rorporen!  winjK  must  se'ek  in  vain. 

To  mate  with  those  that  urge  the  spirit 

on ; 

Yet  there 's  a  power  in  erery  breast  innntc, 

That  lifts  the  soul  and  hurries  it  tlong, 

When,  lost  amid  the  clear  blue  sky  cUte, 

The  lark  unfolds  her  thrilling  song, 
M'ben  o'er  the  pine-clad  mountain's  giddj 
height, 
On  bol&nc'd  wings  the  eagle  >oars — 
Or,  when  the  crane  pursues  her  ontwurd 
flight,  [chores. 

O'er  lands  and  seas,  to  gain  her  native 

There  is  much  beauty  in  the  follow- 
iag  passage  where  Margaret  condemns 
herself  for  having  yielded  to  the  wishes 
of  her  lover,  especially  in  the  conclud- 
ing part  of  it : 

"  How  bitterly  I  once  could  scold  away, 
Myself,  if  a  poor  maiden  went  astray, 
I  even  wanted  language  to  proclaim 
My  indignation  at  a  sister's  shame. 
How  black  1  thought  the  deed  t  and  how 

Boc'cr 
I  tried  tu  blacken  it,  it  ae«med  I  nr'er 
Could  blacken  it  enoughs  and  thou  would  1 
Blessing  myself,  hold  up  nij  hejid  so  bight 
But,  now,  oh,  whnt  a  pro«tra(e  titing  I  lie'. 
Yet  all  Ihnt  drove  me  to't,  1  fear, 
^^'aM  much  too  sweet,  was  much  too  dear." 

The    suficribg?  of  poor    Margaret 
leave  a  powerful    impresaion  on  the 
d  we   will   give    one   more 
.  Vou  liL 


quotation,  when   Faust  visit?    her  ia 
prison.     She  thus  addresses  him  : 

'•  NaT,  nay,  thou  must  remain  bcliind — 
The  graves  1  will  dcsciibe  to  ihcc — 

To-morrow  morning  early — mind 
They  must  all  ready  be. 

Thou  *lt  give  the  Ijc-'t  \An:e  to  my  n»otl>c.r ; 
And,  close  to  her,  thou 'U  lay  my  brutlter: 
Set  me  a  little  on  one  side; 
But,  see  the  space  be  not  too  wide  ! 
Then  place  the  babe  on  my  right  hreastt 
For  no  one  else,  alas,  with  me  will  rrstl 
Once,  oh,   what  bliss  to  press  me  to  th^ 

side! 
711a/  now  to  mc  for  ever  is  denied  ! 
As  if  I  forced  myself  on  thee  1  feel — 
As  if  thou  coldly  did'st  repress  me  still. 
Yet,  it  is  thou  I  Thou  look'st  so  good,  w 

kind  I" 

We  conclude  with  these  beautiful 
and  aiTecting  lines,  and  will  merely 
add,  that  the  work  before  us  will  be 
read  with  equal  pleasure  by  those  who 
liave  perused  it  to  the  original,  and 
by  those  who  have  heard  uf  the  genius 
of  Goiithe,  and  wi^h  to  form  an  idea  of 
hia  simplicity  and  sublimity. 


Sttttf  Papert  publithed  tinder  the  «»• 
thorily  of  Hia  Mnjeiiy't  Cutitmutiun, 
I'oh.  II,  and  III.  Ktmj  Heury  tkt 
Eiijhth.  Part  11 L  Ato. 
IN  the  Gentleman's  Magazine  for 
1831  (part  i.  p.  440),  was  noticed  the 
first  volume  of  the  publication  of  State 
Pa|)cri,  which  is  here  continued.  \X. 
that  time  we  al*o  explained  the  nature 
of  the  Commission  under  the  autho- 
rity of  which  this  publication  is  con- 
ducted, and  set  forth  the  various  parts 
or  divisions  into  which  the  documents 
relating  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VtIL 
had  been  arranged  by  the  Editor,  with 
a  view  to  their  being  presented  to  the 
public  in  certain  distinct  and  consecu- 
tive publications.  Volume  I.  contain- 
ed the  first  and  second  of  those  parts  ; 
the  third  part,  which  comprises  the 
correspondence  between  the  Govern- 
loents  of  England  and  Ireland,  is  com- 
prehended in  the  two  volumes  before 
us.  Without  detaining  our  readers 
by  any  rrmarks  m»on  the  general  value 
oi  the  manuscripts  here  published,  or 
upon  the  apparent  cause  for  complaint 
in  the  fact,  that  after  a  lapse  of  ten 
years  so  little  has  been  done  towards 
carrying  into  effect  the  objects  of  the 
Cttmniifrftion,  we  shall  at  once  exhibit 
3  ir 


I 
J 


^H 


lUvisw.— State  Papmrt,  tmf.  Bnry  VIIL 


[May, 


a  Inicf  outlint  of  th«  contents  of  theM 
volomet. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  reign 
of  Heniy  VII f.  the  aathority  of  me 
English  in  Ireland  was  reduced  to  a 
▼ery  low  ebb.  '  Within  the  English 
pale/  a  district  which  extended  nro- 
bably  about  thirty  miles  roond  uab- 
lin,  the  inhabitants  were  subject  to 
the  English  laws,  and  acknowledged 
the  authority  of  the  King's  Deputy ; 
bat  beyond  that  narrow  circuit  the 
King's  writ  did  not  run,  and  the  whole 
country  was  in  the  possession  of  those 
who  were  indiscriminately  called  '  the 
King's  Irish  enemies/  The  people 
thus  designated  were  subdivided  into 
about  sixty  different  septs  or  nations, 
each  governed  by  a  chief,  who  acknow- 
ledged no  temporal  superior,  who  made 
war  and  peace  for  himself,  and  sub- 
mitted to  none  but  those  who  could 
subdue  him.  Even  '  within  the  pale,' 
there  were  several  noble  families  who 
claimed  the  right  of  private  war,  and 
many  other  privileges  inconsistent  with 
le^l  government.  Amongst  them  the 
pnncipal  were  the  Fitzgeralds,  or  Ge- 
raldines,  of  whom  the  EafI  of  Kildare 
was  the  chief,  and  the  Butlers,  who 
regarded  the  Earl  of  Ormond  and  Os- 
sory  as  their  head.  It  had  been  the 
custom  of  the  English  Government  to 
appoint  a  Lord  Lieutenant  out  of  one 
or  other  of  these  rival  families,  who 
thus  alternately  were  enabled  to  use 
the  power  of  the  State  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  their  partv  feuds.  Henry  VIII. 
departed  from  this  evil  policy,  and  set 
himself  vi^rously  to  tne  task  of  ex- 
tending his  authority,  employing  for 
that  purpose  a  series  of  able  English 
governors,  who,  with  some  temporary 
interruptions,  administered  the  affairs 
of  Ireland  during  the  whole  of  his 
reign.  They  weie,  the  Earl  of  Surrey,* 
Sir  William  Skeffington,  Lord  Leo- 
nard Gray,  and  Sir  Anthony  St.  Le- 
ger.  The  general  and  permanent  ob- 
jects of  the  English  Lieutenants  were, 
1st,  to  amefiorate  the  condition  of  the 
English  pale;  and  2d,  to  extend  the 
royal  aotnority,  by  procuring  submis- 
sions from  such  of  the  independent 
chieftains,  as  from  time  to  time  render- 
ed themselves  obnoxious  to  the  power 

*  Not  Surrey  the  poet,  but  his  father, 
the  hero  of  Flodden,  and  sobscquentlv 
DpJca  of  Norfolk. 


of  tha  English.  The  volumes  before  oa 
contain  a  minute  history  of  the  progress 
made  daring  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
towards  the  attainment  of  these  ob- 
jects, as  well  as  accounts  of  the  va- 
rious obstacles  which  occurred  io  the 
rebellions  of  the  Anglo- Irish,  and  the 
invasions  of  the  Irish  enemies. 

The  Earl  of  Surrey  was  thought  to 
have  been  removed  from  England  by 
the  artifice  of  Wolsey ;  and  in  order 
that  his  great  name  and  influence 
might  not  be  interposed  between  the 
Duke  of  Buckingham,  who  was  his 
relation,  and  the  prosecution  vrith 
which  that  nobleman  was  threatened. 
He  executed  his  office  ably  and  ho- 
nourably ;  but  his  fret^uent  entreaties 
to  be  recalled,  render  it  clear  that  he 
regarded  Ireland  as  a  place  of  exile. 
Skeffington  was  resolute  and  honest ; 
but  being  aged,  was  unable  to  do 
much  good  in  a  country  which  de- 
manded in  its  governor  more  than 
even  the  ordinary  alacrity  of  yooth. 
Lord  Leonard  Gray  prosecuted  his 
task  with  determination,  and  for  a 
considerable  time  succeeded  to  the  sa- 
tisfaction both  of  the  King  and  the 
inhabitants  of  the  pale.  In  the  end, 
his  family  connexion  with  the  Kil- 
dares,  and  eome  intrigues  in  the  Coun- 
cil, ruined  him.  St.  Leger.  his  suc- 
cessor, and  the  last  Governor  during 
the  reign  of  Henry,  was  an  able  and 
determined  man.  A  judicious  mixture 
of  conciliation  and  firmness  rendered 
his  administration  at  once  popular 
and  respected,  and  brought  Ireland 
into  a  better  condition  wan  it  had 
known  for  a  long  preceding  period. 
He  so  extended  the  English  influence, 
that  mauy  of  the  native  Irish  chiefs, 
who  at  his  entry  upon  office  would 
not  have  been  brought  under  subjec- 
tion with  ten  thousand  men,  some 
? rears  afterwards  would  come  to  Uub- 
in,  if  he  but  summoned  them  by  let- 
ter (vol.  III.  563).  The  same  persons 
whose  artifices  had  ruined  Gray,  en- 
deavoured to  criminate  St.  Leger;  but 
he  met  them  in  a  different  manner, 
and  totally  discomfited  their  intrigues.' 
The  following  sentence  gives  at  once 
a  picture  of  the  man  and  his  office  : 

"  Finally,  my  Rood  Lordes,  let  me  be 
no  more  thus  fatigated  with  writing  of 
annsweres,  1  humblie  beseche  youe  ;  but 
let  '  >  afore  youe,  and  he  also. 

^  Mle  me  in  wilfidl  de- 


1835.]      Review. — Atcount  of  Maid$ton€. — History  of  Reading 


fiittlte,  1  uke  bo  releif ;  and  if  I  be  clere, 
difchitrdgc  me  of  this  tediouae  paine, 
irheirtinto  I  hare  not  been  accustomed ; 
and  I  Uuiublye  bcsechc  youc  all  to  be 
meanea  to  the  Kinpcs  Majwtie  to  ryd  nie 
from  thia  hell  wbercin  I  have  rvmayned 
this  6  yeareii,  and  that  some  other  may 
there  serve  hi*  Majfstie  a&  long  aa  I  have 
doon,  and  I  to  ^e^^e  his  Highnes  ela- 
where,  where  he  shall  coinmaumde  me. 
Tho  the  eame  were  in  Turkay,  I  will  not 
refucc  ytt." — Vol,  III.  p.  573. 

The  principal  public  events  which 
these  volumes  illustrate,  are  the  rebel- 
lion of  the  Fitzgcralds.  and  the  escape 
to  the  Continent  of  Gerald  Fitzgerald, 
a  youth  twelve  years  of  age,  and  the 
last  of  that  noble  race  ;  the  first  intro- 
duction of  the  reformed  doctrines  into 
Ireland;  the  intiigues  against  Lord 
Gray  ;  the  a-saumption  of  the  title  of 
King  of  Ireland  by  Henry  VIII.  with 
a  view  of  eradicating  a  notion  preva- 
lent amongst  the  Irish,  ttiat  the  Pope 
was  their  king,  and  the  sovereign  of 
England  merely  his  deputy ;  and, 
finally,  the  investigation  of  the  charge 
against  St.  Leger.  Each  one  of  these 
incidents  is  illur^trated  by  these  docu- 
ments, amongst  which  are  to  be  found 
not  only  the  official  letters  which 
passed  between  the  two  governments, 
bat  the  private  information  from  time 
to  time  furnished  to  the  King  and  the 
Secretary  of  State,  and  also  various 
curious  papers  descriptive  of  the  state 
of  Ireland  at  different  periods.  Much 
aecret  history  is  disclosed,  and  the 
genuine  materials  for  the  history  of 
Ireland  during  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 
arc  here  published  for  the  first  time. 
The  value  of  these  documents  will  be 
strikingly  apparent  to  those  who  turn 
to  our  English  contemporary  authori- 
ties, and  observe  how  meagre  was  all 
their  information  respecting  Ireland, 
how  ignorant  they  w^ere  of  ita  condi- 
tion, and  of  the  events  by  which  it 
was  perpetually  agitated.  Dcsides  the 
documents  contained  in  these  volumes, 
copies  are  given  of  three  maps  com- 
piled at  different  periods ;  but  all  of 
them  about  the  end  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  in  which  are  pointed  out 
thfe  situations  occupied  by  the  vari- 
ous Irish  nations.  There  is  also  a 
Glossary,  about  which  probably  the 
less  that  is  said  the  better.  On  the 
whole,  the  volumes  appear  to  be  well 
and  unpretendingly  edited.  The  foot- 
ootes,  if  not  always  correct,  are  neTcr 
introduced  ostrntatiouiiy. 


A  briff  hMorical  and  de»criptitm  Ac- 
count of  Maidstone,  [in  tht  County 
of  A'en/ J  and  it$  Enviroiu,  by  S.  C.  L. 
l6mo,  pp.  128,  with  pUiie$. 

THIS  small  volume  will  be  an  ac- 
ceptable present  to  every  lover  of 
British  topography.  It  is  by  no  means 
a  reprint  of  the  History  and  Anti- 
quities of  Maidstone,  published  by 
the  Rev.  William  Newton,  in  1741. 
but  gives  to  its  readers,  with  great 
brevity,  the  more  material  facts  con- 
tained in  that  now  scarce  volume, 
accompanied  by  the  subsequent  hia- 
tnry  of  a  populous  and  prosperoua 
county  town. 

In  the  account  of  distinguished  na- 
tives, several  persons  are  enumerated 
bearing  the  name  of  the  town ;  but 
they  were  certainly  not  of  one  "  fa- 
rody ;"  they  appear  to  have  been  all 
priests,  who  always  assumed  the 
name  of  their  birth-place. 

The  author  has  added  to  the  his- 
tory, civil  and  ecclesiastical,  directions 
for  the  guidance  of  those  who  may 
be  disposed  to  visit  the  neighbour- 
hood,  in  eight  routes,  containing  some 
account  of  the  contiguous  villagei 
and  principal  objects  of  general  in- 
terest. 

As  a  piece  of  typography  this  little 
w^ork  is  creditabtc  to  the  local  press, 
and  more  particularly  the  litho- 
graphic drawings  of  a  young  native 
artist,  Mr.  T.  L.  Merritt.  We  never 
recollect  to  have  seen  the  curious  Nor- 
man front  of  Mailing  Abbey  on 
paper  to  greater  advantage. 


The  Hutonf  and  Antiquitin  of  th» 
Tbirn  and  Borough  of  Reading,  in 
Berkihirf ;  with  lomr  Notices  of  the 
mntt  contidtrable  Places  in  the  same 
County.      l2mo.  pp.  298, 

THIS  is  one  of  those  valuable  little 
pieces  of  local  topography  by  which 
the  present  is  distinguished  from  pre- 
ceding  periods  in  the  literature  of  oar 
country.  The  compiler  states  that  he 
is  much  indebted  to  the  standard 
works  of  Messrs.  Coates  and  Mao, 
as  well  as  for  the  assistance  of  a  gen- 
tleman who  has  had  considerable 
practice  in  historical  and  topogra- 
phical reseaichea.  The  work  aoea 
credit  to  the  combined  agency  em- 
ployed in  its  9TOdtts.\\wv. 


I 


I 


d 


mnii)  •  Invalid  J  Help  to  Prayer. 


The    town  of   Reading. 
Den   known    as    «   place 


has   long 
of    consi- 
Jerable  interest.     It  was  the  chosen 
reeidtncB  of  royalty   early  after  the 
Norman  conquest;  and  its  once  splen- 
did abbey,   founded   by  King   Henry 
.the  First]  in  the  year  1 121.  and  now 
|b  ruin,  was  also  a  place  of  royal  se- 
r^ulture.     In   this   place    parliaroenta 
and  synods  have  been  bolden  ;  and  in 
its  vicinity  one  of  the  severest  con- 
|49icts  between  the   royal   and  repub- 
flican   forces,   which  occurred   during 
the  civil  wars,  took  place. 

Compared  with  the  population  of 
Reading,  the  town  is  remarkable  for 
the  number  and  efTicieucy  of  its 
♦cclcsiastica!  and  henevolent  insti- 
tutions, and  for  the  public  spirit 
«f  its  inhabitants.  We  are  persuad- 
ed, therefore,  that  few  persons  who 
may,  in  the  course  of  their  sum- 
mer peregrinations,  spend  a  day  or 
two  in  Reading,  will  feci  disposed  to 
be  without  that  aid  in  their  rambles 
through  the  town  and  neighbour- 
liood  which  this  little  manual  is  cap- 
able of  affording  them. 


I 


The  Invalid's  hflp  to  Prayer  and  Medi- 
tatwH.  By  Rfv,  E,  P,  Hannam,  M,yi. 
2d  edit. 

IN    a   volume    of    sermons    which 
Archbishop  Whateley  published,  under 
the  title  of  Parochial  Sermons,  or  some 
similar  title,  there  were  some  observa- 
tioQs  on  the  duty  of  a  minister  to  per- 
sons labouring   under  fatal  diseases, 
accompanied   we   believe  with  some- 
thing hkc  the  following  remark:  "that, 
as    the    high     probability    of     death 
was  held  out  to  the  sufferer,   in  the 
same  degree  the  value  and  sincerity  of 
his  rei»ontance  diminished."     That  the 
•bservation  is  worlliy  of  attention,  we 
own  :  for  in  other  words  it  amounts 
to  this — Here  is  a  roan  who  has  lived 
in  carelessness  or  sin.    While  in  health 
and  prosperity  he  was  simply  a  worldly 
man.     Deprived  of  his  temporal  plea- 
sure and  prosperity  by  sickneaa,  and 
warned  by  disease  of  the  approach  of 
death,  he  cupresses  repentance  nf  his 
former  misconduct :  but  what  has  in- 
duced that  change  of  mind  : — change 
ef  sitQatiun.    Then  make  the  errlainty 
of  a  sfi'cdy  death  appear,  and  that 
change  will  be  more  perfect.    But  the 
«bange  is  forcible)  the  spring  is  vio- 


lently  wrenched   back ;    llow    do  we 
know  it  h  sincere,   and  would  cDdore 
trial,  and  survive  recovery  ?     We  can- 
not tell  this,  because  we  cannot  know 
the  final  result  which   is  hidden  from 
us,  and  knon-n  ouly  to  the  S«*rchfrr  at 
hearts.     Or  put  it  in  this  way — If  a 
man  is  told  he  cannot  recover,  be  will 
or  may  show  signs  of  deep  repentance, 
which  he  would  not  show  under  cir- 
cumstances less  appalling;  therefore, 
they  may  not  be  real,   bat  calU-d  out 
forcibly  by  the  strong  impulse — but  if 
he  were  not  so  potently  acted  on,  be 
would  show  the  real  state  of  hia  heart- 
Granted  ;  but  would  this,  if  acknow- 
ledged, lead  to  the  propriety  or  duly 
of  concptiUnif  fhtdnnger/rom  th^  patient, 
aa  rtJ  to  yive  a  lent  ievrre  trial  to  *«• 
tittperily !"   We  should  say  not.     Mao's 
duty  lies  in  a  straightforward  coarse; 
let  him  be  guided  by  it  ha  far  as  it 
goes ;  all  that  i«i  beyond  is  left  in  the 
hands   of   Providence.     How   do   we 
know  but  that  the  stronger  fear  might 
effect  what  the  weniter />Br  Would  not; 
and   that   the   sight    of    approaching 
death  would  effect  what  nothing  short 
of  it  could? — therefore  we  consider  that 
practically  all  necessary  trath  should 
b«  told,  but  of  course  told  with  be- 
comiugtenderness  and  propriety.  How 
that  truth  will  act.  we  most  leave  to- 
the     dispensations     of     mercy     and 
righteoasoesa. 


htfrtfotti^M 


The  Book  of  G«nenit,  with  briff 
nalory   and   praciirat   Obi 
^•r.     Bi/  Rev.  R.  W.  Sibtborp,  B.D. 

WE  should  consider  Mr.  Sibthorp 
to  be  a  far  better  divine  than  philo- 
sopher;  which,  inderd,  his  commeo- 
tary  on  the  first  chapter  of  Geoeaia 
sufhciently  proves.  Hut  still  wc  cao> 
not  but  approve  of  the  general  plan  of 
his  work,  wishing  a  little  more  accu- 
racy and  knowledge  in  the  execution  : 
at  the  Kamc  time,  we  must  say  that 
many  of  the  explanations  aie  very 
useful,  and  the  retlecliuus  mu»l  coO" 
ducive  to  piety  ajid  rhrinttan  devo- 
tion ;  ahhuugh  we  must  p.iuA(>  before 
we  agree  to  the  followiug/rmiJiar  ol>> 
ser\'ation  uccurriug  n*  a  ninnine  com- 
mentary rm  the  s  .  ♦-— 
"  She  (Dinah)  w  to 
visit  and  amuse  hei>i  ii  \s  n.i  r 
females  of  Shechcm.     Vouu-. 


1835  3 

hnd  better  lenrn  to  be  keepers  at  home, 
for  little  good  eninc3  of  ^^ding." 


MiiCfUaneovt  RevietPM. 


5i; 


good  feeling:  fthown  in  the  work,  au- 
thorise his  praise. 


Redemption,  ami  o(fu>r  Poenu.     Bj/  the 

Jti'v.  R.  Dunderdule,  M.A. 
On  bealiny  a  Iteatt  (Ans  'J  for  tuypoted 

tfupidiljf,  u/ieii  it  a/terwardt  turned  uut 

that  a  sore  trai  the  cavte. 
Aud  wert  ihoii  struck  in  innocence, 

For  fault*  thou  did^c  not  know. 
Thou  couldst  not  tpcak  thj  own  defence, 

Nor  tell  thy  tale  of  woe. 

Poor  haple«s  beast,  may  future  joy 

Thy  uudescrved  pain 
Repay,  and  inny  I  ne'er  anuoy 

Thy  willing  Umbs  agiuu. 

May  past  cx|irriencr  tearh  the  thought 

To  punitth  i«  not  right, 
Wlien  for  tht^  ciue  no  counsel  is  sought 

To  bring  the  truth  to  light. 

The  hasty  step  we  oft  repent : 

There  'a  merry  in  drlay — 
And  time  in  jnst  discustion  i{tent 

Will  all  the  task  repay. 

We  cannot  aay  that  the  volume 
displays  any  verj'  high  poetical  talent 
— but  it  shows  something  better,  a 
religious  disposition,  a  thoughtful 
Kpirit,  and  a  good  and  grateful  heart 


Summary  ririr  and  exjilanntwn  of  ike 
H'ritings  of  the  Prvphetg.      By  John 

S  itith,   D.D.  Alinistf^  of  the  Goijtel 

ut     Vamptltottn.      Edited    by    Rev. 

Fcter  Hall,  M.jI. 

MR.  SMlTtl  was  the  author  of  a 
vulume  on  Gaelic  Antiquities,  17S0; 
of  aV'iewof  the  Last  Jitdgment.  17^3; 
of  Lectures  on  the  Sacred  Offices,  179*; 
and  other  publications,  Tlie  present 
volume  was  published  at  Edinburgh, 
1787:  at  Cant.  1804;  at  Harlow  1813. 
Tlie  original  has  been  long  scarce, 
chiefly  owing  to  Dr.  Moore,  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  buying  copies 
for  gratuitous  distribution  among  poor 
students.  Mr.  P.  Hall  has  therefore 
very  wisely  reprinted  it,  and  we  re- 
commend it  as  a  most  judicious  and 
excellent  analysis  of  the  prophetic 
writings  in  the  smallest  compass,  and 
cheapest  form  in  which  they  can  be 
met. 


Brt>ad  of  the  Firtt  Fruits,  or  short  Me- 
ditatinns  on  aelecl  pottages  of  Scrip  ■ 
ture,  tifc. 

"TH  ESE  meditations  were  the  daily 
ministrations  of  an  affectionate  hus- 
band to  his  beloved  partner,  having 
been  laid  by  him  daily  on  her  dresa- 
ing-table,  as  a  morning  first  fruits  of 
the  spirit,  by  which  he  in  supplying, 
and  she  in  receiving,  fulfilled  a  part 
of  that  beautiful  Scripture  injunction, 
*  To  be  helpers  together  of  each  other's 
faith;'"  and  a  blessing  accompanied 
them.  Such  is  the  language  of  the 
editor,  and  the  unfeigned  piet^-  and 


Letter$  to  a  FViend  whoae  mind  had  been 

longharatsedbymany  offfectionsagaintt 

the  Church  of  England.     By  the  Rev. 

A.  S.  ITjelwall,  M.A. 

THOUGH  we  do  not  agree  in  all 

points  with  the  author  of  this  work, 

yet  we   readily  assure  him  that  we 

think  highly  of  his  sound  knowledge, 

his  sincere  devotion,  and  his  trite  and 

underttanding   judgment,    on    matters 

connected  with  the  Established  Church 

and  the  Dissenters.     His  defence  of 

the  Clergy  in  the  magistracy  is  open 

and  most  sensible;  bis  ob9e^^•ation5al»o 

on  Infant  Baptism  are  ju^t  and  well- 

rca<>uncd  ;  and  on  the  whole,  his  little 

work  will  probably  be  of  use  to  more 

than  that  one  for  whom  it  was  designed. 


A  Mammal  of  nutnuthn  on  the  use  end 
porernment  of  Time  and  Temper.  /»y  the 
Rev.  William  Jnwett,  Af..4..  IVnto,— This 
jndirious  eompilation  on  two  subjects  of 
the  greatest  importanrt^  in  oar  present 
>tif      '     -    '  formed  from  sources 

of  I  Ic  nuthorily.      After 

nn  I  1     tru  to  the  young,  it 

ronii.    M  -.  ifh    Mdcctioiu    from    the 

Kiritii...  •.  u  ,iL'h  arefoUowoiVy  pasMgrs 
from  the  writings  of  the  mo»r  eninent 
4MlMt  cad  moralists,  both  iu  proMc  and 
««ne.  We  never  »avr  a  volume  more 
suitable  tot  a  r«!tgi^ui  prtvenr. 


Paition  We^k,  a  dnvtional  and  praeti- 
eat  fipotilion  t,f  the  Ephtlei  and  G'o#- 
prU  appointed  for  that  Season,  fiff  the 
Rev.  R.  Meek. — We  like  equally  the  de- 
sign niul  eireution  of  tbiii  little  work ; 
Ihr  event^  of  t!ie  week  whii '  •  -  rda 
are  ^uch  ii*  tu  alTord  n  grouri'  !ic 

ileepext   rninlionit,  anil    iht-    i  '  jut 

feeling'*  *nil  ciLpres»iion(«.  By  none  but 
tlte  gaiuMyer  and  the  worldling  will  thia 
volume  be  read  in  rain- 

A  Nmrative  t^fEfvnts  im  the  Somtik  of 
F^wtct,  amd  nf  the  Attack  on  .Vtir  Or- 


I 


team  in    1814  and    1815 Tbii    clever 

nnd  Fearless  acconnt  uf  the  attack  ou 
New  Orieaus,  is  peaned  by  one  of  tbe 
*'  occupation;"  wliosc  Koldierlibe  view 
and  keen  obsicrvntioti  during  the  pe- 
riod of  tbe  stirring  events  Ue  so  well 
relates,  has  enabled  him  to  bring  before 
the  public  the  ableist  acc^rtint  that  ha.t 
yet  been  given  of  that  ill-fated  and  dis- 
graceful expedition,  end  also  to  resrue  the 
troopc  who  were  employed  an  it  from  those 
degmiling  reflectiocs  which  have  hitherto 
been  unjiifltly  insinuated  against  them. 
After  an  attentive  [leruxal  iif  this  inte- 
resting volume,  we  proudly  feel  thnt  it 
is  no  longer  on  accfmut  of  the  conduct 
of  her  Rotdiery  that  England  has  rea.son 
to  blusb ;  for,  however  disgraceful  may 
be  the  causes  which  led  to  the  defeat  uf 
the  army  employed  at  New  Orleans,  this 
account  of  Copt.  Cooke's  has  thoroughly 
ronvinced  iiis;,  that,  had  the  gallant  regi- 
ments composing  ihat  e:^pedition  been 
Hkilfully  and  boldly  cimdurted,  it  would 
Ln»e  been  totally  impossible  for  such 
troops  to  Iwive  disappointed  the  ronti- 
deiice  which  their  country  reposed  in 
them,  and  the  conquest  of  New  Orleans 
would  in  that  i-a.<vt*  have  only  proved  a 
most  triiting  feat  of  arms  ;  whilst  tbeir 
unmerited  defeat  has  been  the  mentis  of 
adorning  the  brows  of  tJie  Americans 
with  their  proudest  laurel*,  und  of  adding 
lasting  and  deserved  fame  to  the  name  of 
their  heroic  tJeneral,  proving  the  justice 
of  tbe  Athenian  saying.  "  That  an  army 
of  tiheep  commanded  by  a  lion,  is  more 
formidable  than  an  army  of  lions  com- 
manded by  a  sheep." 

The  admirable  conduct  of  the  Navy 
throughout  this  ranipaign  it  is  impoMi- 
ble  to  extol  too  highly;  but  they  had  for 
their  chiefs  Cochrane,  Malcolm,  Codring- 
tOD,  Trowbridge,  and  Gordon :  had  the 
Army  been  equally  fortunate  in  |)ossess- 
ing  chiefs  blessed  with  beads  and  hearts 
«•  efficient  aa  those  of  tbe  Navy,  Eng- 
land would  never  have  bad  to  deplore  so 
inglorious  a  termination  to  the  war. 


I 


The  Epidemict  tff  tht  Asiddle  Affe$, 
from  the  German  ^f  S.  F.  C.  Hecker, 
M.  D.  Trantlattd  by  Dr.  Babington. 
(So.  II.  The  Dancing  Mania  J  1835.— 
A  treatise  worthy  the  attention  of  the 
,  philosopher  as  well  as  the  physician  ;  the 
object  of  which  has  been  well  developed 
in  the  preface  of  the  translator.  It  is 
not  easy  to  draw  a  decided  line  between 
the  disuses  of  the  body  and  the  mind ; 
it  is  still  more  difficult  to  ajtcertain  to 
what  extent  each  separately  arts,  and 
which  is  the  primary  cause.     Even  this 


k 


treatise  does  aol  aatis^  tM  •*  to  the  point 
whether  the  daneimj  «Mai«  was  entirely 

at  lirst  a  menttil  or   whether  it 

was  produced  on  <   by  some   pe- 

culiar dii^ease  or  cUwoU'iun  of  tbr  Ixniy; 
and  when  it  exartvd  ita  iaiflurnce  nu 
others,  did  the  sympathetio  inaWdy 
mence  with  affectiug  tbe  tziitt4«  or 
bodily  organs?  Dr.  Udhiticton  allu 
with  delicacy  to  a  d*h 
which  much  resembl' 
in  his  book ;  and  wi 
hira,    that  Sir.  Irtdn^/  (^d 

that  of  his  mistaken  tuLicivf-r*.  iKac^-M 
DO  other  name:  we  our:se]raa  )^\m  l|l|B 
doubt  of  tbe  manner  iri  wtUoh  it 
arose,  and  subsequently  «prea^ 


(Arehb'uhop)  Leighton't  S^pifiMia  ^ 
the  Cretd,  <|c  «'''^  IntradueHn  Jk**lS 
by  S.  P.  Smith,  D.  D.  (Sacred  Ciamkt. 
rot.  XIV J — A  very  sensible  aoj  Dfli 
written  e.«say  by  Dr.  Smith,  tOtvo4MI* 
tbe  subject  so  favourably  luid  eloqiiMlb 
treated  by  the  venerable  Lci^ton.  Dr< 
Smith's  argument  with  rogaml  tu  /r«4j< 
tiont  we  consider  to  be  HMkat  sound  aa4 
scriptural.  With  regard  to  the  work  itself, 
(t  is  quite  sufficient  to  mentioo  the  nana 
of  him  by  whom  it  is  composed.  New 
were  the  graces  of  Christian  spirit  sack 
more  brightly  and  beautifully  than  ia 
him.  Simple,  clear,  forcible,  and  per- 
suasive, l^eighton  addresses  hisuelf  to 
the  understanding  and  the  heart,  and  is 
one  «if  those  teachers  whom  at  oace  we 
revere  and  luve. 


•Verm  ON*  for  Lent,  teleeted  from  tkt 
Work*  qf  the  munt  eminent  Dirinee,  tei/A 
an  Etgay  hy  the  Rev.  R.  Cattennola. 
(Sacred  Ctastiet,  vol.  XV. J — A  very  ji- 
dicious  selection  of  Sermons  is  here  pre. 
scnted.  Those  by  South,  Donne,  aad 
Barrow,  are  Tcry  fine  composicions,  aad 
there  is  indeed  not  one  in  the  collection 
that  is  not  distinguished  either  for  the 
cogency  of  its  reasoning,  the  fervour  of 
its  devotion,  or  the  elegance  of  its  style. 


Steichet  qf  Life  and  Vhaneter,  hf 

E.  P.  l*U5.— We  trust  that  Lady  Wilton, 
to  whom  this  volume  is  dedicated,  is 
bettcT  employed  than  in  perusing  its  con- 
tents, for  her  ladyship  would  neither  im- 
prove her  taste,  nor  her  moral  sense,  nor 
her  good  principles  by  it.  The  moat 
monstrous  outrages  to  common  aeiMe, 
and  propriety,  and  the  domestic  rirtve*. 
and  the  law*  of  religion  and  honour,  and 
the  well-being  of  society,  are  comoiitted 
by  its  heroen  and  its  beroinef ,  with  im 
puuity  and  utisfaction.     Sislrra   niarry 


A 


1835.3 


MncfllaM6vt  Rtviewt. 


thoie  who  hafe  murdtred  thcLr  bnrtilrtrt; 
liidics  marry  oae  man,  aod  love  anO^«r : 
in  fact,  the  whole  dramatis  persontt  Or 
thi«  work  arc  only  fit  for  the  house  of 
correction,  and  the  whip  of  the  beadle: 
notwithstanding  thry  have  raven  trcsitea, 
and  curred  lips,  and  flashing  ryes,  and 
princely  brows,  they  arc  a  «et  of  oji  good- 
for-nothing,  idle,  mischievous,  uuprm- 
cipled  people  as  we  ever  (net  with. 


Scripture  Viewa  qfthr  Heavenly  World, 
by  S.  Edmondson,  A.M.  \2mo.  1635. — 
A  very  elegant  and  instructive  treatise, 
and  such  aa  cannot  be  read  without 
deeply  affecting  the  heart,  elevating  the 
imagination,  quickening  the  devotion, 
and  fortifying  the  spirit.  Mr.  Edoiond- 
ton's  piety  is  strengthened  and  guarded 
by  his  knowledge ;  be  never  wanders  into 
wild  or  enthusiastic  eccentridties  of  opi- 
nion ;  but,  while  his  feelings  are  warin 
and  his  language  animated,  his  views  and 
inferences  are  all  regiilated  by  the  au- 
thority of  Scripture.  We  recommend 
tfy*  book  as  a  practical  atautaul  to  de- 
motion, nor  do  we  know  a  better  on  the 
•abject. 

7^«  fn/lHeneet  qf  Democracy  on  Li' 
berfy,  ii^-r.  try  an  American  (Fisher  Ames), 
tcith  an  Jnlrodnetion,  by  Henry  Ewbank, 
Etq.  1 835. — The  main  object  of  this  work 
is  to  prove  that  democracy  it  not  liberty. 
There  is  much  sound  reasoning,  many 
sagacious  views,  wiste  observations,  and 
skilful  inferences  in  these  essays.  The 
author  possessed  a  true  patriotic  feeling, 
which  made  him  deplore  and  dread  the 
teodeucy   be   observed   to    revolutionary 

EriDciplcs  in  his  own  country  ;  Mr.  Ew- 
ank  seems  wisely  to  have  thought  that 
the  feara  and  cautions  of  the  Transat- 
lantic statesman,  might  be  heard  again  to 
advantage  on  thif  side  the  water,  and 
that  what  was  originally  applied  to  one 
country,  ia  unfortunately  as  applicable  to 
another.  When  the  jacobin,  the  radical, 
and  the  demagogue  point  their  hands  to 
America,  as  supporting  or  illuatratiog 
their  mischievous  and  destructive  mea- 
sures, let  the  najne  of  Fuher  Amet  b« 
heard,  as  openly  denouncing,  and  ably 
demonstrating,  their  ruunous  and  fatal 
tendency. 

Treatite  on  the  Phytiohgy  and  Dit- 
eate$  of  the  Eye,  by  S.  N.  Curtis,   Etq. 

^—^     2d  edit.  1835 We   much  like  this  trea- 

^H  tise — and  approve  the  philosophy  of  ita 
^H  principles,  and  the  soaodDess  and  di»- 
P  taction  of  ita  practice.     Mr.  Cartia  rea- 

L  sons,  and  we  think  most  aatiafactorily. 


traces  the  local  diseases  to  the  derange* 
UHMt  of  the  general  system.  This  is  the 
broad  and  ^afe  foundation  of  his  practice  ; 
to  that  he  alnu  adds,  in  commou  with  the 
same  late  eminent  surgeon,  a  dislike  of 
optrationt,  which,  of  course,  is  moat 
justly  called  the  opprobrium  of  surgery, 
and  this  is  the  reason  why  the  denliat 
justfy  ranks  so  low  in  his  profession,  as 
his  pnictioe  is  aU  operation — often  clever 
and  neat,  as  rtfgiedt  the  nianipolatioa, 
but  alwaya  most  coarse,  clumsy,  arti- 
ficial, and  defective,  as  compared  with 
the  slow,  delicate,  aitnute,  yet  perfect 
operations  of  nature.  To  cut  off  a  leg, 
or  to  insert  a  tooth,  shotld  only  remind 
us  how  little  we  can  do,  «ad  that  how 
badly  {  our  cnre,  in  the  flrat  instance, 
leaving  the  body  maimed  and  half  useless^ 
and  in  the  second,  cheating  the  sight 
indeed  with  outward  show,  but  not  sup- 
plying tlip  puqiose  for  which  the  nntiiral 
instrument  was  given. — We  think  Mr. 
Curtis's  sensible  and  scientific  Tolume  fl 
should  be  purchased  and  read  by  many  ^ 
more  than  the  mere  medical  world ;  and. 
as  reviewert,  we  thank  him  for  giving  ua 
such  advice  as  wilt,  we  hope,  enable  us  to 
give  due  praise  to  his  /vture  works,  as 
well  as  hiB  preeent, 

1 .  Narratiee  of  the  Campmgni  of  tkt 
9%th  Regiment,  by  Lieut.-Col.  C  Cadell.  ■ 
— 3.  Memoim  of  a  Serjeant  late  in  the  H 
43rf  Light  Infantry,  A-e.— .Such  per- 
sonal  recollections  and  observations  a* 
are  afforded  in  the  small  volumes  men-  ^ 
tinned  above,  are  valuable,  as  filling  up  fl 
with  precision  and  fullness  the  details  of  B 
more  general  and  extended  history.  To 
military  men  tbey  may  also  afford  hinta 
of  no  xlight  importance  ;  to  the  public 
they  will  give  authentic  testimony  of  the 
skiU  of  our  officers  and  the  unet|Ual1ed 
courage  of  our  troops,  upon  whom  tha 
reliance  of  a  coniiding  nation  may  be 
placed  in  the  hour  of  danger.  Our  two 
greatest  generals  had  the  command  of 
armies  in  Spain  ;  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
returned  to  receive  from  a  grateful  coantry 
the  reward  due  to  bis  su}>eieminent 
talents,  his  enterprise,  hit  sagacity,  his 
patience,  his  resolve ;  and  though  Sir 
John  Moore  did  not  lire  to  return  to 
bis  native  land,  we  hope  and  trust  that 
justice,  however  tardy  and  reluctant,  will 
be  done  to  one  placed  in  a  situation 
where  nothing  but  honour  could  be  pra- 
served.  He  did  all  that  the  atmovt 
power  of  the  greatest  military  con- 
mander  could  do, — bring  off  hu  array 
in  safety,  and  not  only  andisfraced,  bat 
victorious.  We  never  read  any  history  of 
this  short  but  eventful  campaign,  but 
nith  deep  regret  at  ttit  «>»»jC\«4v'\t\-«^v'5«»- 


I 
J 


$20 


MiMeelkmeomt  Reviemt. 


[May, 


that  galUnt  spirit  w«a  placed ;  ft>r  all  a 
aoldier's  brighteat  virtues  were  in  his 
breast,  as  all  a  commander's  greatest  ta- 
lents were  in  his  mind.  There  is  one 
comfort,  under  all  mi5representation,  that 
truth,  however  long  it  may  be  concealed, 
is  sure  at  last  to  advance.  Its  first  and 
brightest  rays  will  shine  upon  Moore's 
unsullied  fame. 


The  Fmgi  and  their  King,  or  the 
People  and  their  Rulert,  8(e.  by  Ignotiu 
Coaxus.  Vlmo. — A  little  book  containing 
much  important  truth,  both  moral  and 
civil ;  and  the  political  sentiments  of 
which  are  based  on  higher  and  purer 
principles  than  are  current  in  this  age  of 
all  reformation  but  the  one  most  want- 
ing, the  reformation  of  eelf.  The  author 
is  no  party  politician,  either  whig  or 
tory,  reformer,  or  conservative,  but  one 
who  brings  the  authority  of  history,  the 
science  of  legislation,  and  the  great  laws 
of  morality  and  religion,  to  bear  upon  the 
actions  of  statesmen,  the  deliberations  of 
senators,  the  conduct  of  rulers,  and  the 
desires  and  complaints  of  the  people. 
Verily,  a  wiseryro;  we  seldom  have  heard 
croak  ;  and  we  may  justly  say  of  him,  as 
is  said  of  one  in  a  drama  which  has  im- 
mortalised his  ancestors, 

TaSra  fi«»  vpo*  Mf«t  tart 
Notr*  txoirrM,  aai  ffi*at. 

A  short  Statement  on  behalf  ^  ^i* 
Majeety^a  Subject*  prqfeniny  the  Jewish 
Religiomi  with  on  Appendix.  %vo.  p.  35. 
—The  author  of  this  tract  infers,  from 
tiie  equal  rights  conceded  to  persons  of 
all  religions  denominations  in  the  British 
colonies,  and  the  concessions  made  in 
this  country  to  the  Quakers  and  other 
dtssenters,  the  propriety  of  abolishing 
the  dissbilities  to  whidi  the  Jews  are 
■till  subject.  Without  taking  upon  onr- 
•dves  to  decide  upon  this  important 
question,  of  which  the  Legislature  is  the 
only  competent  judge,  we  will  merely  ob- 
serve that  the  cases  referred  to  are  not 
strictly  analogous.  Many  of  the  colonies 
were  ceded  to  us  under  conditions  re- 
specting the  religious  rights  of  the  in> 
habitants,  which  we  cannot  in  honour 
violate;  and  the  Quakers  and  others, 
although  dissenters  from  the  established 
church,  are  still  Christians. 


Old  Maids;  their  Varieties,  Charac- 
ters, and  Condition.  Post  Svo.  p.  220. — 
Homer,  in  his  Batrachomyomachia,  con- 
descended to  sing,  in  majestic  numbers, 
the  heroic  virtues  of  a  tiny  rsce; — 
Sterne,  in  his  Sentimental  Journal,  has 
saecessfuUy  exalted  the  character  of  a 
9 


race  of  animals  hitherto  despised  for 
their  asinine  insensibility ;  and  now  • 
chevalier,  preux  et  sans  peur,  and 
deeply  learned  to  boot,  like  another  Sir 
Lancelot,  has  taken  up  the  lance  and 
shield  in  defence  of  an  unobtrusive  bat 
hitherto  neglected  race  of  amiable  bipeds. 
It  vss  a  new  field,  beset  with  popular 
prejudices  and  not  unattended  with  dif- 
ficulties, for  the  literary  hero  to  enter 
upon ;  but  nothing  daunted  he  has 
fought  his  battle  right  valiantly ;  and,  as 
the  brave  champion  of  old  maids,  w« 
sincerely  hope  that  he  will  ere  long  b« 
crowned  with  the  immortal  cbaplA  of 
those  fair  literary  maidens  (p.  178) 
who  "  have  deeply  studied  GenojMyek- 
ihropalogia,  and  have  never  come  to  • 
conclusion  !  "  Henceforth  we  serioosly 
warn  all  detractors  of  pure  virgin  w> 
nility  to  be  aware  of  consequences. 
Even  a  sneer  may  be  fatal.  "  Should  dw 
world  at  any  time  (says  our  redoubtable 
hero)  treat  Virginity  with  unbecoming 
rudeness  or  coldness,  let  it  remember 
that  it  has  a  champion  ever  ready  to  gird 
on  his  sword  for  its  defence.  Let  it 
apply  to  him,  and  whether  he  is  in  hall 
or  in  bower — at  the  festal  board,  or  ia 
the  house  of  sorrow, — he  here  pledges  hit 
honour,  dearer  to  him  than  life,  that  the 
call  shall  be  instantly  answered,  and  woe 
to  the  man  who  meets  him  in  the  lista ; 
for 

'  thrice  is  he  armed 

That  hath  his  quarrel  just.'  " 

Plain  Advice  to  Landlords  and  Te- 
nants, Lodging  House  Keepers,  ami 
Lodgers.  12mo. — The  public  demand  for 
"Plain  Advice"  upon  matters  of  law, 
may  be  estimated  from  the  circumstance 
that  this  is  stated  to  be  the  seventh  edi- 
tion, each  consisting  of  one  thonsand 
copies  of  this  little  work.  Such  books 
ought  to  be  written  simply,  correctly, 
and  in  a  good  spirit.  The  author  of  thi« 
book  has  not  written  simply,  because  he 
is  frequently  ignorant  of  the  precise  1ml 
meaning  of  the  words  he  employs.  Ttxt 
same  circumstance  makes  him  often  in- 
correct. He  does  not  appear  to  be  a 
1^  person,  but  has  obtained  his  know, 
ledge  from  common  books,  such  as  the 
"Cabinet  Lawyer,"  which  he  often  co« 
pies  without  acknowledgment.  The  spirit 
in  which  he  has  written,  is  highly  ob- 
jectionable.  With  him,  "  a  spirited  te- 
nant" is  one  who  having  his  rent  ready 
will  not  pay  it  until  the  landlord  or  hii 
broker  comes  and  distrains,  because,  by 
so  doing,  and  by  virtue  of  a  law  which  waa 
kindly  intended  as  a  shield  against  op- 
pression, he  can  cause  the  landlord  **  iai. 
conceivable  anno3rBnce." 


1835.] 


522 


FIxNE  ARTS. 


LOSD    CuAftLES   TOWNBUZND'8 

Picrif»«8. 

A  very  choice  collection  of  Picture*, 
belongin^^to  Lord  Charles Townshend,  wu 
f^ld  by  JMessrs.  Chrislie  and  i^lanson  on 
the  11th  of  April. 

There  were  several  works  of  Bonniiig. 
ton,  which  continue  to  rise  in  value.  They 
produced  the  following  prices:  — 

A  Sirt-ct  of  Rouen,  with  the  toweraof 
the  catbtdral;  a  beautiful  drawing  on  grey 
paper, beiglitenei]  uitb  white  und  red  cliiilk. 
16/.  it.  W. — A  Crecze  off  Portsmouth, 
a  very  spirited  sketch.  JJO/.  9,1.  6d. — 
Shipping  in  the  Dock«.  lU.  lU. — A 
Greek  Chief.  13/.  i*.  M— The  Cora- 
panion  Sketch.  10/.  IOj. —  Interior  of  an 
ancient  Italian  church,  with  officiating 
priest*,  and  pea.sant  wonen  at  devotion. 
'J6L  13f.  These  were  all  purchatied  by 
Mr.  Beckford. — A  View  on  the  (ireat 
C<anal  at  V^enice,  looking  towards  the  sea, 
with  the  church  of  Santa  Maria  della  Sa- 
lute and  the  Dogana;  a  dear  and  beautiful 
sketch.  71^8*.  Hodgson. — A  Group  of 
two  Venetian  Nobles  and  a  Lady  looking 
from  a  iMlcony  on  a  canal.  531.  I  \s,  Mo- 
fant. — View  of  a  Canal  at  Venice.  A 
capitally  finished  picture.  106/.  Sir  R. 
Peel. — A  View  on  the  Sands  of  the 
French  (kiast,  with  %ures,  exhibiting  a 
wonderful  effect  of  oaylighl.  14SL  1*. 
Beckford. 

The  other  most  important  Pictures 
M'cre  as  follows  ; — 

Portrait  of  a  Young  Giri  Autb  a  Cat  in 
ber  arms.  By  Scba^er.  Painted  with 
great  truth  to  n.-iture.  &W.  ISU.  Morant. 
^A  Boy  caressing  a  Dog;  ihe  corop*. 
nion.  By  Schcffer.  63l  Rothschild.— 
A  Turk  and  a  Tartar  in  a  cnvem  disputing 
upon  the  division  of  their  spoil.  By 
Allen,  R.A.  48/.  6^.  Garrards.— An 
Italian  Hut  built  on  the  ruins  of  a  Roman 
aqueduct.  By  Wilson.  JW.  16i.  Norton, 
—  Ruins  of  a  Roman  Bath,  with  figures; 
the  companion  picture.  By  Wikon.  18/. 
6f.  Norton. — A  Cavalier,  with  Boors 
cunbliiig;  interior.  By  Teniers.  102/. 
I8».  Smith. — Cavaliers  at  the  Door  of  a 
Stable.  By  A  Van  de  Veldc.  79/.  15j. 
M'Pherson. — The  Virgin  seated  under  a 
creen  curtain,  the  infant  Christ  upon  her 
^.llliee  caressing  St.  John,  who  bears  a 
formed  of  rerds.  By  Guido.  8i/. 
'  )ur». —  Lu  Fere  .^veugle  ;  the  welU 
engraved  picture.  By  (ireuze. 
'5i/,  I2«.  SiKuri. —  La  Surprise  :  theju>liy 
•dmiied  engraved  picture.  By  Ihibofo. 
40/.  4».  Norton. — A  \''  i  jih.  with 

a  chaplet  of  woodbirj-  „•  CV"*'!. 

By   Hilton,   R.A.     7.»-.    lii      Norto 
Two  ( :iuldrrn  rmbntrinff.      By    Su 


Lawrence.  The  head*  only  finiiihed. 
91/.  7j.  Morant. — Heads  of  two  Young 
Girls,  one  of  them  treated  with  an  iufant 
in  her  arms.  By  Sir  T.  Lasv fence.  34/, 
13*.  Lord  Beresford — The  Avalanche. 
By  P.  dc  Loutberbourgb.  115/.  10«. 
Peacock.— A  Spanish  Youth  drinking, 
hJs  bead  encircl  ed  by  vine-leaves ;  a  fine 
specimen  of  Murillo.  399/.  Morant. — 
Two  Dutch  Men-of.War,  with  vessels 
and  fishing-boats  in  a  gale  of  wind.  Bv 
Backbuysen.  ii20L  Uh.  Morant.  —  A 
Landscape  with  a  ruined  Chateau.  By 
"  Jan.  Wynant,  A  Hj63."  With  figures 
by  Wouvcrmaim.  34)  by  30  inches  high. 
194/.  M.  Thorpe — Dutch  Fishing-boats 
approaching  a  jetty.  By  Van  der  Ca- 
pelU.  From  the  Brentano  collection,  27 
inches  by  ^  high.  175/,  7«.  Smith.— A 
half.length  Portrait  of  a  (>irl  of  rank  in  a 
brown  dress.  By  Van  Dyck.  169/.  1*. 
Thorpe. — A  Girl  with  a  ctmplet  of  wild 
fiowen<i  upon  ber  head.  By  Greuze.  An 
exquisite  specimen,  14^  inches  by  17^ 
high.  32<V.  5f  Morant.  —  A  Dutch 
River-scene.  By  Vun  der  Capella.  37 
incbe!«  by -,/Mi  high.  10\ L  lit.  Tborpew— 
A  Mountainous  Landscape.  Bv  Ruys- 
dael.  38  inches  by  33^  high.  >rom  the 
Brentano  collectioiu  724/.  10<.  Sir  R. 
Peel, — A  View  on  the  Meuse.  By  Cal- 
cott,  R.A.  8  feet  5  by  4  feet  7^  high. 
'Sifil.  Sir  C.  Coote- — Ancient  Ruins  near 
Rome.  By  Bergbero.  F>om  the  col- 
lection of  Van  der  Pale,  264  inches  by  22 
high,  787/,  10*  Yates.— Portrait  of  an 
Old  Lady  of  quality,  in  a  ruff  and  a  black 
dresa  trimmed  with  fur.  By  Rembrandt. 
25  inches  by  30,  with  arched  top.  23R 
Smith. — The  Village  Fete.  By  Teniers, 
JG46.  From  the  cabinet  of  Madame  de 
Wille;  30*  inthe*  by  224  ^ig^  70«. 
lot.  Bovan. — Duncan  Gray;  the  justly 
celebrated  and  well-known  picture.  By 
Wilkie,  R.A.     477/.  15t.  Sheepsbanka. 

The  total  amount  produced  by  Lord 
Charles  Townshcnd's  Pictures  was  6500/. 
They  were  succeeded  by  the  Kale  of  • 

Jicture  by  Tbomaso  Manzuoli  di  Friano, 
500 ;  the  subject  the  Visitation,  painted 
ufHin  a  panel  13  feet  by  8  feet  3  inches, 
with  an  arched  top.  It  was  purchased  by 
Mr.  Hope  for  472/.  lO* 

**  II  Pastore,"  a  beautiful  sitting  figure 
of  life  fcize,  uitb  a  dog,  sculptured  by 
ThiirwKld«i<  n  in  Rome,  was  also  sold  to 
Mr.   Hoi,.,  for  483/, 


♦u.. 


OV.vr.  Mx(,.   V 


in 


natet  that  on 


522 


FUe  Art$. — Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


[May, 


»  magnificent  arabesque  painting  l^  Pe> 
nigino,  representing  the  infont  Christ  in 
the  manger,  surrounded  by  numerous 
figures  remarkable  for  their  beauty ;  and 
on  searching  further  there  were  found  four 
vases  in  terra  cotta,  evidently  of  great 
antiquity,  on  one  of  which  was  a  note  by 
Perugino,  certifying  that  the  painting  was 
■  executed  by  him. 

The  celebrated  sculptor,  Antonio  Sola, 
director  of  the  Spanish  academy  at  Rome, 
has  just  completed  a  bronze  statue  of 
Michael  Cen-antes,  which  is  to  be  placed 
.in  the  square  of  (!!atalina,  at  Madrid. 

A  statue  uf  Cincinnatus  has  just  been 
placed  in  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries,  in 
a  line  n-ith  Spartacus,  both  of  which  are 
by  M.  Foyatier. 

Workmen  are  now  engaged  in  placing 
in  the  Expiatory  Chapel  in  the  Rue 
d'Anjou  a  marble  group  by  Bosio,  repre- 
senting Louis  XVI.  falling  into  the  arms 
of  an  angel.  It  is  on  the  pedestal  oppo- 
site the  statue  of  the  Queen,  Marie- An- 
toinette. 

Louis  Philippe  has  purchased  for  the 
museum  the  tnree  finest  pictures  in  the 
gallery  of  Marshal  Soult ;  the  Virgin  of 
Muriflo,  and  the  Leprusand  the  Pairalytic 
of  the  same  master. 


Panobama  or  Jerusalem. 
A  panoramic  view  of  the  city  of  Jeru- 
'salem  has  been  painted  by  Mr.  Burfurd 
Ui  his  great  circle  at  Leicester-square, 
from  drawings  taken  by  Mr.  Cathertrood, 
architect.  The  point  of  view,  though  not 
central,  is  very  commanding.  The  specta- 
tor stands  on  the  flat  roof  of  the  Aga's.  or 
Governor's,  house,  and  most  of  the  me- 


morable spots  distinguished  in  sacred 
history  may  be  described  in  the  picture. 
The  houses  of  the  dty  occupy  two -thirds 
of  the  circle,  while  the  rennaining  third  is 
nearly  open,  but  presents  a  full  view  of 
the  celebrated  Mosque  of  Omar,  built  oa 
the  site  of  the  Temple  of  Soloaion,  bat 
now  forbidden  to  Christian  feet,  on  pain 
of  death.  It  is  a  vast  mass  of  mosaic 
work,  glittering  with  the  most  splendid 
colours ;  offering  a  striking  contrast  to  the 
gloom]^  and  almost  window-less  architec- 
ture of  the  bouses  of  the  dty.  The^  are 
covered  with  flat  roofs,  and  occasional 
gardens,  with  frequent  small  domes, 
destitute  of  openings  or  windows.  These 
sombre  portions  of  the  picture  are  rdieved 
by  a  more  lively  scene  of  the  Aga  sitting 
in  the  administration  of  justice ;  and  the 
distant  prospect  shows  the  hills  around 
the  dty  and  a  portion  of  the  Dead  Sea. 
Few  visitors  can  see  this  picture  withoat 
feeling  that  they  have  acquired  infbma- 
ti«m  and  new  ideas  on  subjects  of  ths 
highest  interest. 

Mr.  BaocKEOON  has  presented  to 
Christ's  Hospital  a  large  picture  of  Moses 
receiving  the  tables  of  the  Law,  whi^ 
has  been  placed  in  the  great  hall ;  an^ 
from  the  colossal  scale  of  the  figure  of 
Moses,  it  has  found  a  very  ^propiiate 
situation. 

Sir  Robert  Peel  was  the  purchaser  of 
Sir  Joshua  Reynolds's  "  Robinetta,"  Itqbi 
the  collection  lately  sold  at  Phillips's. 
Three  battle  pieces  (representing  acQons 
in  the  time  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough) 
were  withdrawn,  it  nas  understood  Sat 
his  Migesty. 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


AV»  IForkt  annoHnced  for  PublieatUm. 

The  New  Trant>Utiun  of  the  BiUe 
from  the  Hebrew  text  only.  By  J.  Bel,- 
LAMY,  author  of  the  History  of  all  Reli- 
gions. 

Notices  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  other 
places  mentioned  in  the  Scriptures.  By 
the  Rev.  11.  Spenck  Haroy. 

The  History  of  the  Assassins.  By 
the  ('hevalier  Joseph  Von  Hammer, 
tninslated  from  the  Gemian,  by  Oswald 
Charles  Wood,  M.D.  &c. 

A  Lady's  Gift,  or  Woman  as  she  ought 
to  be.     By  Mrs.  J.  K.  Stanforo. 

A  Scrits  of  Picturesque  Views  in  the 
Island  of  Ascension,  accompanied  by  a 
description  of  its  singular  aboriginal  In- 
habitHnts,  its  Mountains,  &c.  By  Li>>->— 
Ai.iES,  of  the  Navy. 
All  Emty  towards  a  more  exac' 


lysis  of  the  Moral  Perceptions.  By  the 
Rev.  A  SMrrH. 

The  Husband's  Book,  or  the  book  of 
Married  Life.  By  the  author  of  "  Old 
Maids." 

Plebeians  and  Patricians,  a  novel. 

The  Empress,  a  novel.  By  Mr.  G.  I. 
Bennett. 

The  Emigrant  and  Traveller's  Guide 
to  and  through  Canada,  by  way  of  the 
River  St.  Lawrence.     By  J.  Murray. 

Views  in  the  British  Channel,  and  on 
the  Coasts  of  England.  Scotland,  Ireland, 
France,  (jennan^,  and  other  picturesque 
portions  of  the  European  Continent.    By 

Memoirs  of  John  Selden,  and  of  the 

Politii-al  sf"™'i-  during  the  reigns  of  the 

T  '  of  the    House  of 

vsoN,  F.LS. 

*  v&  History, 


1835.] 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


523 


Revenues,  and  General  Character.  Bj 
the  Rev.  H.  Soamiss.  M.A.,  Author  of 
the  History  of  the  Reformation. 

Persian  Stories ;  illustrative  of  Eastern 
Manners  and  Customs.  By  the  Rev. 
H.  O.  Keene,  M.A. 

The  Book  of  Reptiles.  With  numei^ 
ous  engravings. 

German  Historical  Anthology.  By  Dr. 
Bernays. 

Flora  and  Thalia,  or  Genu  of  Flowen 
•nd  Poetry. 

The  Earth;  its  Physical  Condition, and 
most  remarkable  Phenomena.  By  W.M. 
HiGGiNB,  Fellow  of  the  Geological  Society. 

Record  of  a  Route  through  France  and 
Italy,  with  a  View  of  Catholicism.  By 
W.  R.  W1L8OK. 

A  Morel  and  Religious  Poem,  in  three 
cantos,  entitled,  Christianity.  By  the  late 
W.  Burt,  Esq.;  with  a  short  Biogra- 
phical Memoir  of  the  Author,  by  Capt. 
T.  Seymour  Burt. 

Every  Englishman  his  Own  German 
Master.  By  J.  S.  Reisender,  late  Pro- 
fessor of  Modem  Langxtages  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Prague. 

Specimens  of  the  Eariy  Poetry  of 
France,  from  the  time  of  the  Troubadours, 
to  the  Reign  of  Henri  Quatre ;  with  illu- 
minated drawings.    By  Miss  Costello. 

Sunday ;  a  Poem.  By  the  Author  of 
the  •*  Mechanic's  Saturday  Night." 

Travels  in  the  West  Indies.  By  Dr. 
Madden,  Author  of  "  Travels  in  the 
East." 

Ernest  Campbell;  an  Historical  Novd. 
By  John  Ainslie 

Twenty  Years  in  Retirement.  By 
Capt.  Blakiston,  Author  of  "  Twelve 
Yeara  Military  Adventure." 

A  new  Edition  of  Martin's  History 
of  the  British  Possessions  in  Asia. 


ROYAL  SOCIETY. 

March  26      W.  T.  Brande,  ew^.,  V.P. 

RfHd,  on  the  temperature  of  I'isbes  of 
the  Kenus  Thunnus,  by  John  Davy,  M.D. 
F.R.S. 

.■tprU  V.     J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq ,  V.P. 

Read,  on  the  results  of  Tide  observa- 
tions, mtide  in  June,  I831>,  at  tbe  Coast 
Guard  sutions  in  Great  Britain  and  Ire- 
land, by  the  Kev.  William  Whcwell, 
K.K.S.;  and,  copies  of  re^sters  of  the 
Thermometer  kept  at  Alford,  Aberdeen- 
shire, and  on  the  ice  formed,  under  pecu- 
linr  cirruinHtunces,  at  the  bottom  of  the 
WHtrr.  by  the  Rev.  James  Furqubarson, 
KU.S. 

.Ifril  y.  B  C.  Urodie,  esq ,  V.P. 
Mr.  FarquburAun's  paper  was  ruiitinued  ; 
and  the  Society  then  adjourned  to  the 
'Jthh  April. 


Cambrume,  jifril  10. 
The  Chancellor's  gold  medals  for  two  ■ 
best  proficients  in  classical  learning  among 
the  commencing  Bachelors  of  Arts,  were 
adjudged  to  H.  Goulbum  and  Edward 
Howes,  both  of  Trinity  College. 

Tbe  following  is  a  summary  of  tbe 
Memben  of  the  University  for  the  pre- 
sent year: — 

Of  the         On  tha 
Seaate.         Board*. 

Trinity  College          ..  782  ..  1616 

St.  Johns  College     ..  623  ..  10€0 

Queen's  College         ..  112  ..  S74 

Caius  College     ..     ..  120  ..  2M 

Christ's  College         ..  M  ..  239 

St.  Peter's  College    ..  88  ..  198 

Emmanuel  CoUege    ..  105  ..  209 

Catharine  HaU  ..     ..  50  ..  179 

Corpus  Christi  College  85  ..  206 

Jesus  College     ....  82  ..  181 

cure  Hall          ..     ..  80  ..  162 

Magdalene  CoUege    ..  73  ..  176 

Trinity  Hall       ....  39  ..  1S2 

Pembroke  CoUege     ..  51  ..  loO 

King's  CoUege  ....  79  ..  118 

Sidney  College          ..  47  ..  6*. 

Downing  CoUege       ..  29  ..  55 

Commorantes  in  VUla  10  ..  0 


2;459 


5,399 


UTBRARY  PENSIONS  AND  REWARDS. 

The  onlv  pensions  granted  by  Sir 
Robert  Peel  during  hi^  admistration,  ex- 
cepting one  of  1001.  per  annum  to  the 
widow  of  Mr.  Temple,  late  Governor  of 
Sierra  Leone,  are  tbe  following  to  literary - 
persons:  —  Professor  Airy,  of  Cambridge, 
300/. ;  Mr.  Southev.  3O0L ;  Mrs.  Somer- 
ville,  the  pbUosopliic  authoress,  200(. ; 
Mr.  James  Montgomery,  the  poet,  150^.; 
and  Sharon  Turner,  esq.,  the  historian, 
200/.  The  last  was  one  of  the  associates 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  Literature,  whose 
pensions  were  stopped  shortly  after  tbe 
accession  of  bis  present  Majesty.  Tbe 
regret  and  sympathy  expressed  at  that  un- 
expected act  of  economy,  must  be  en. 
hanced  by  the  consideration  that  the  pen- 
sions were  cut  off  during  tbe  la.<it  two  or 
three  yeara  of  several  of  their  holders, 
when  more  than  at  other  times  needful 
for  their  comfort  and  consolation.  Thus 
Coleridge  and  Maltbus,  and  Roscoe  and 
Davtss,  died  deprived  of  tbe  bounty  which 
was  in  its  gift  munifirently  intended  to 
cheer  their  closing  hoiirx,  and  (what  was 
more  gmteful)  to  derlure  a  nution's  sense 
of  their  lHboiin<  and  nieiits.  Lord  Grey'k 
Adniiniiitratioii,  hei>i«le>.  cunti-nintr  a  pen- 
hion  on  the  venerable  Duiton,  did  restore 
Dr.  Janiieson  and  Mr.  Millingen  to  their 
pbices ;  and  we  have  only  to  lament  that 
the  act  was  partial,  not  %<e.\!«.«wSk..    TV&«» 


524 


Uttrmrff  mti  Seint^c  InteUignee. 


CM«y. 


othen  ttiU  mniTe,  Mr.  BibtluM,  Sir 
OoK  Ouwley,  ud  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Todd, 
of  wbom  the  two  last,  at  lewt,  are  for- 
tuiwtely  exempt  from  the  wwit  of  iiidi 
trifling  aid. 

It  matt  alao  be  recorded,  at  teatifjriiH; 
Sir  Robert  Peel's  recard  for  literature, 
that  he  has  prewnted  the  Rer.  H.  H. 
MUman,  author  of  the  Hiatory  of  th« 
Jewa.  &C.,  to  the  prebend  of  Weatmintter, 
to  which  the  living  of  St.  Jklaiiptfet's  ia 
■ttaebed ;  and  has  appointed  to  a  place  in 
•  public  office  the  eldest  son  of  Mrs. 
Hemans,  the  poetess,  presenting  at  the 
aame  time  a  lOOl.  note  for  hia  outfit. 
To  these  gratifying  wants  we  may  add 
the  recent  promotions  by  the  Lord  Cban> 
edlor,  of  the  Rev.  I>r.  Croly,  the  poet 
■ad  theological  writer,  to  St.  Stephen's, 
Walbrook,  and  of  the  Rev.  Geor;^e 
Ciabbe  to  the  vicarage  of  Bredfield,  in 
Suffolk. 

STEEL   TESB. 

At  a  recent  meeting  at  the  Royal  Insti- 
tution, Mr.  Faraday  gave  a  very  interest- 
ing lecture  on  the  manufacture  of  pena 
froa  quill  and  steel.  The  chief  marts 
for  tha  former  were  Russia  and  Polish 
Prussia.  The  extraordinary  ehwticity  of 
quill  and  feather  waa  illustrated  by  shew- 
ing that  a  peacock's  feather,  crumpled  and 
praased  together  to  the  utmost  d^ree, 
eould  be  perfectly  eqianded  and  arranged 
by  subjecting  it  to  the  heat  of  steam. 
The  average  number  of  quills  manufac- 
tnred  by  some  of  the  old  established 
houses  in  the  metropolis  was  6,000,000 
«Mh,  annually.  During  the  last  seven 
years  the  imports  of  qtulla  into  London 
wereonanaverageaboutSOtOOOiOOa  The 
node  of  manufacturing  steel  pens  at  pre- 
aent  was  by  the  presses  and  apparatus  of 
Mr.  Morden ;  who,  as  a  member  of  the 
Rojral  Institution,  evinced  his  xeal  for  iu 
welfare  by  transporting  his  beautiful  ma- 
chioery,  as  well  as  hia  men,  to  the  lecture- 
room.  The  poinu  of  mechanical  and 
chemical  philosophy  which  continuallf 
aroae  as  tlie  pens  passed  through  their 
numerous  stages  ^fourteen)  were  of  the 
utmost  interest.  Mr.  Faraday  then  re- 
ferred to  the  eaublif«hment  of  Meaan. 
Gillat,  of  Birmingham,  in  which  there  are 
about  three  hundred  pair  of  hands  con. 
stantly  employed,  and  which  cunaumes 
about  fony  tons  of  steel  per  annum  in  the 
manufacture  of  this  article.  One  ton  of 
ateel  can  produre  1  ,(Kt5,:l60  pens,  or  nearly 
two  miUions.  The  whole  production  in 
England  was  supposed  to  be  equal  to 
thrice  that  of  Gilkt's,  or  about 2^000,000 
annually.  Steel  pens  have  been  made  by 
Wyse  above  thirty  yean  ago,  vet  the  great 
trade  has  arisen  within  w  nat  nine  or 
teb ;  and  although  the  quill  pen  trade  has 
been  somewhat  affected  by  it,  t 


aaaptioB  of  audi  peM  haa  JtimiMahai 
very  little,  and  ia  now  inoeaaing.  Ueoc* 
it  becomes  a  matter  of  corioua  apectdatiOK 
to  consider  what  would  h«ve  been  the 
caae  had  ateel  pens  not  been  iatradaeed  ; 
for,  taking  the  impocCatioo  of  quiUa  tctK 
yean  ago  as  28,O00lOOQl  or  KMIOOtOO^ 
there  is  now  added  to  that  amouot  • 
fold  productioa  <^  sted  pena.  or 
820.000,000.  In  coosidenng  the  nimiiir 
in  which  these  pens  were  dispoeed  o^ 
Mr.  Famday  ststed  that  many  wen  ex- 
ported. To  account  for  the  diapoaal  of 
the  rest,  he  took  the  population  na  havi^f 
increased  in  the  above  period  by 
fourth  of  its  present  number:  hie 
poaed  that,  from  the  diffusion  of  eda 
Hon,  probably  the  proportion  of  persona 
who  could  write  now,  as  ooaipared  with 
those  who  did  ao  ten  or  fifteen  yean  em, 
was  as  four  to  one;  or  ratha  that  ue 
mroportion  of  writing  was  in  that  lado. 
Finally,  he  considered  that  the  dwapneaa 
of  the  pens  now  produced  would  prooahly 
cause  an  increase  in  the  waste  amoundair 
to  one.thinl  of  the  whole  supply.  Thaac 
causes  put  together  would  aeoooat  for  an 
inereaae  of  coouumption  as  seven  to  one, 
and,  with  the  exporta,  gave  aa  idea  of 
the  manner  in  whidi  the  whole  waa  dia> 
poaed  of. 

TBS  SOANB  TBSTmONIAL. 

About  a  twelvemonth  ainee  sevcfal  of 
the  moat  respectable  and  talented  Ardu- 
tects  of  the  metropolis  met  together  fior 
the  purpose  of  considering  some  mode  of 
expressing  to  Sir  John  Soane  the  high 
opinion  they  entertained  of  him,  for  hia 
professiooal  ability,  hia  long  standing  as 
the  head  of  that  bcandi  of  art.  as  alao  for 
his  great  liberality,  which  had  recently 
been  displayed  in  the  ammgement  he  had 
made  for  preserving  his  valuable  mansion  ■ 
and  its  contents  for  the  benefit  of  the 
public.  These  gentlemen,  as  true  loven 
of  the  arta,  determined  that  no  mode 
could  be  more  worthy  of  rewarding  an 
artist  than  by  a  work  of  art  in  memorial 
of  his  services ;  and  it  was  arranged  that 
a  medal,  bearing  on  the  obverse  the  por- 
trait of  Sir  John  Soane,  from  tlie  well- 
known  bust  by  Cbantrey,  and  on  the 
reverse  a  specimen  of  bis  architectural 
works,  should  be  struck  in  his  honour. 
To  Mr.  Wyon  of  the  Mint  was  assigned 
the  task  of  executing  this  medal,  and  all 
who  have  seen  the  result  of  his  laboura 
must  pronounce  it  as  the  perfection  of 
that  interesting  branch  of  art,  and  a  valu- 
able addition  to  the  medallic  series  of  this 
Country.  As  soon  as  the  scheme  waa 
made  public,  not  only  architects,  but  pri- 
vate individuals,  hastened  to  give  their 
names  as  aubaeribera  to  the  medal ;  among 
wh"'  lovemors  and  EHrectora 

"^  •land,  who  subscribed 


1835]. 


ft  hurKired  guineas,  as  soon  as  tbey  were 
a|jpri£vd  of  the  intention  of  tbe  coot- 
Biittee  of  architects. 

Tbe  time  necessarily  employed  in  ex- 
CuUng  the  medul,  and  the  indiii|>oi«ition 
of  the  venerable  an'hitecl^  prevented  the 
presentation  of  the  medal  before  Tuesday, 
Aliirch  24  ;  when  it  watt  arranped  tbut  the 
fiubsL-nbers  isfaould  meet  at  bis  bouse  in 
Lincoln's  Inn  Fields  for  that  purpose. 
We  believe  the  number  of  solmoribcrs 
ftiDounted  to  three  hundred  and  lifty,  and 
each  bad  the  power  of  introducinf;  one 
friend,  and  most  shewed  their  good  taste 
and  gallantry  by  taking  ludies.  From 
twelve  until  four  o'clock  tbe  whole  of 
Sir  John  Soane'ii  house  ^vas  thrown  open 
to  the  visitors,  who  wandered  through 
that  interesting  building,  adminng  tbe 
Taluable  collection  of  pictures,  sculptures, 
bronzes,  and  articles  of  verti)  of  all  kinds, 
arranged  in  tbe  peculiar  style  for  which 
the  Professor  is  celebrated.  About 
two  o'clock  Sir  John  Soanc  entered  the 
library,  where,  when  he  was  seated,  sup- 
ported by  Sir  Jeffry  Wj-attville,  Sir  WjI- 
liam  Beechey,  Mr.  Chantrey,  and  others 
of  bis  personal  friends,  Mr.  Kny,  the 
■rchilert,  opened  the  business  by  infotm- 
ing  Sir  John  Soane  that  the  Duke  of 
Su.ssex  had  written  a  very  handsome  and 
kind  letter  expressive  of  his  regret  at  not 
lietfiff  able  to  be  present  at  the  meeting. 
lit.  T.  L.  Donaldson,  architect,  then 
very  appropriate  address,  a  copy  of 
written  on  vellum,  nnd  a  list  of  the 
bers,  was  bandt^l  to  Sir  John  Soane 
'by  Mr.  Goldicutl,  the  Treasurer.  Sir 
Jeffry  Wyattvillo  then  presented  to  Sir 
John  Soane  three  impressionsof  tbe  medal, 
in  gold,  silver,  and  bronze,  at  tbe  same  time 
expressing  his  sentiments  on  tbe  occasion 
in  a  feeling  manner.  Sir  John  Soane  was 
evidently  much  affected,  and  attempted  to 
reply  to  the  two  addresses ;  bis  voice  was 
to  feeble  as  scarcely  to  be  audible,  but  he 
stated  that  he  had,  with  the  assistance  of 
bisfriend  Air.  Bicknell, committed  hissen- 
timentt  toapaper,  which  be  now  request- 
ed that  gentleman  to  read.  It  commenced 
by  stating  how  feeble  and  inadeqiwte  he 
felt  to  give  utterance  to  the  feelings  of 
bis  heart,  justly  adding  that  there  are 
occasions  when  the  faltering  tongue  is 
more  expressive  than  eloquence.  He  as* 
sured  his  friends  that  tbey  bad  made  that 
day  amongst  tbe  liappiest  of  his  life ; 
"  and  if,"  he  said,  **  there  be  any  man  living 
wbo  would  not  feel  an  honest  pride  in 
^^  having  bis  professional  character  recorded 
^H  by  a  media  so  perfect  aa  •  work  of  art, 
^H  and  in  receiving  this  mark  of  gratifying 
^^m  distinction  from  tbe  spontaneous  appro- 
^H  bation  of  a  body  of  gentlemen  so  emineot 
^^  and  iodueatial  in  tbe  tanks  of  sciencci 


The  Soane  Testimonial 


and  in  its  presentation  by  the  bands  of 
an  architect  so  deservedly  distinguished 
by  the  patronage  of  succcusive  monarchs, 
and  in  its  being  accompanied  by  the 
gracious  and  condescending  testimonial 
trom  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of 
Susriex,  I  envy  that  man  his  philOTopbr, 
as  I  assuredly  do  not  partake  of  bis  insen- 
sibility. With  tbe  hope  of  inducing  others 
hereafter  to  contribute  to  the  comforu  of 
our  less  successful  brethren,  I  shall  ar- 
range, in  commemomtion  of  this  day, 
that  the  Trustees  of  this  our  nuxional 
'  Museum  shall  annually  distribute  in  ihia 
place  one  hundred  and  titty  pounds 
amonjcrst  our  di-strcssed  archilfcts,  their 
widows,  and  their  children." 

It  may  ea.sity  be  imagined  that  this  fresh 
instance  of  Sir  John  Soane'a  liberality 
elicited  great  applause. 

In  the  evening,  the  subscribers  and  their 
friends  met  «it  tbe  Freemasons'  Tnvern, 
where  the  grand  ball  was  fitt4.>d  up  iut  the 
occasion,  by  tbe  committee,  in  a  style  which 
shewed  their  taste  and  professional  skill. 
The  walls  were  bung  round  with  sirarleC 
cloth,  upon  which  were  suspended  numer- 
ous drawings  of  tbe  works  of  Sir  John 
Soane.  In  front  were  arratiged  scapiiola 
pedestals  with  busts  of  celebrated  British 
and  Foreign  architects.  Around  the  hall 
were  inscribed,  in  golden  wreaths,  tha 
namei  of  those  who  had  rendered  tJiem- 
selves  distinguished  by  their  productiona 
in  England,  Italy,  and  France.  At  tbe 
top  of  tbe  room  tbe  bust  of  Sir  John 
Soane  was  placed  upon  a  pedestal,  from 
which  was  suspended  a  ca»e  containing 
tbe  three  incdali^,  which  had  been  pre. 
sented  to  him  in  the  morning.  At  tbe 
base  of  this  pedestal  were  arranged  axchi. 
tectural  fragments  interspersed  with  lar]ge 
cbaplets  oi  evergreens  and  featooDS  nii- 
pended  from  gilt  cartdelabra.  Tbe  com. 
pany  assembled  about  nine  o'clock ;  and 
a  more  elegant  or  lively  sight  was  newr 
witnessed  in  this  ball.  Tbe  ladies  were 
gaily  dressed ;  and  tbe  architects  wore  the 
academical  medals  which  had  been  be- 
stowed  upon  them,  either  in  this  country, 
or  abroad.  Tbe  company  present  during 
the  evening  amounted  tu  six  hundred  ana 
fifty.  Here  each  subscriber  received  a 
bronze  or  rilvcr  impression  of  tbe  medal, 
with  a  book  containing  tbe  address  to  Sir 
John  Soane  and  a  list  of  tbe  subscribers. 
Weippart's  lull  band  was  ranged  in  tha 
gallery ;  and  after  tbe  company  had  pro> 
mensded  for  some  time,  quadrille  pardea 
were  formed,  attd  the  dai>dng  was  kept 
up  with  spirit  for  some  hours. 

LEcnrai:9oN  AkaHrKcrfRAi.  antiqittim. 

Amongst  the  numerous  popular  lec- 
tures at   the  Metropolitan  Litcniry  and 


I 
I 

I 


i 
I 


526 


Literary  and  Scientific  Intelligence. 


LMay, 


Srientifie  Itwdtuttom,  we  are  gntified  to 
find  th«t  Mr.  Bbitton  has  ^ven  one  to 
»  large  audience,  at  the  Marvlebone  Jniiti- 
tution,  on  ancient  cabtlks.  Aided  by 
numerous  fine  drawings,  the  Lecturer 
gare  very  interesting  accounts  of  the 
Tarieties  of  Castellated  architecture,  and 
of  the  warlike  manners  and  customs  of 
our  ancestors,  from  the  rude  castrameta- 
tions  of  the  Britons,  through  the  lUmian, 
Anglo-Saxon,  Anglo-Norman,  and  sub- 
sequent dynasties,  to  the  reign  of  Henry 
Vlll.  Properly  reprobating  the  absurd 
Mid  injudiaouB  imitations  of  ancient 
Catties  for  modem  mansions,  the  author 
exhibited  a  view  of  the  once  tasteless 
palace  at  Kew,  which  George  the  Third 
and  Mr.  James  Wyatt  raised  on  the  bank 
of  the  Thames,  overlooked  by  the  com- 
monest  houses  of  Brentford,  and  which 
has  fortunately  been  taken  down.  Con- 
trasted with  that  sad  example  of  modem 
eastellated,  was  exhibited  some  fine  and 
interesting  drawings,  shewing  the  im- 
provements lately  made  to  that  grand 
palatial  castle  of  Windsor,  and  the  Lec- 
turer pronounced  a  very  high  encomium 
on  its  present  architect  Sir  JefTry  Wyatt- 
ville.  The  following  passage  from  the 
lecture  will  show  the  author^  t^le : — 

''Architecture  emd  Antiquitiea  have  been 
studied  by  some  of  the  greatest  men  of 
former  and  the  present  times.  Poets, 
Philosophers,  Historians,  and  men  of 
science  have  practised  the  one,  and  have 
been  eminently  learned  in  the  other.  In 
proportion  as  a  man  has  made  himself 
acquainted  with  them,  will  he  derive  in- 
formation and  pleasure  fh>m  travel,  and 
be  competent  to  impart  useful  and  amus- 
ing information  to  others  ?  E  verv  portion 
of  the  civilized  world  contains  Architec- 
tural Antiquities:  and  thereby  presents 
otijects  of  interest  and  beauty  to  every 
cgre  capable  of  appreciating  their  merits 
and  varied  history.  Our  own  kingdom 
•bounds  with  magnificent  churches,  ruined 
monasteries,  battered  but  bold  and  once 
formidable  castles,  andent  mansions,  and 
odier  antiquities  which  are  calculated  to 
•waken  not  only  our  curiosity,  but  to  call 
into  action  and  energy  all  our  reminis- 
cences of  times  past.  To  discriminate 
the  respective  ages  and  varied  charaeter- 
istics  of  all  such  buildings,  to  associate 
them  with  their  true  costume  in  {lersons, 
manners,  arts,  &c.,  is  the  province  of  the 


architectural  antiquary;  and  such  will  be 
the  duty  of  him  who  undertakes  the  arda- 
ous  task  of  giving  popular  lectures  on  tbe 
subject.  •• 

Mr.  Britton  is  now  giving  a  course  of 
lectures  on  <■*  the  ArchHectural  AniiqtOtiet 
of  all  eh'ilised  matioHt"  at  the  London 
Mechanics'  Institution. 

GEIIMAN   UNIVEBSITIES. 

The  number  of  these  institutions  is  19, 
two  only  of  which,  those  of  Berlin  and 
Bonn,  were  founded  in  the  present  cen- 
t  tury ;  there  were  three  established  in  the 
litn  century,  Heidelberg,  Prague,  and 
Vienna;  six  in  the  next  centiir)',  two  in 
that  which  succeeded,  and  three  etkch  in 
the  1 7th  and  1 8th  renturiiis.  The  earliest 
founded  was  of  the  Protestant  religion, 
the  Ust  for  both  Protestants  and  Catho- 
lics. Of  the  whole  number  there  are  1 1 
Protestant,  five  Catholic,  and  three  mixed. 
The  greatest  number  of  professore  is  at 
Vienna,  where  there  are  79 ;  tbe  least  at 
Erlangen  and  Kiel,  each  having  29.  Tbe 
greatest  attendance  of  students  is  at 
Vienna  and  Berlin — nearly 2,000 at  each; 
tbe  least  at  Rostock,  1 10;  the  numb«'  of 
professon  at  which  are  34^-very  xumAr 
one  master  to  three  students;  and  at  KieU 
where  there  are  29  professtNv,  and  cmly 
ISO  students.  The  universities  next  beat 
attended  by  students  to  those  namedas  Imv- 
ing  tbe  greatest  number,  are  Prague,  Leip- 
sic,  Breslau,  Halle,  and  Heidelber^g,  each 
of  which  has  more  than  a  thousand  students. 

PEBIOOICAL   JOUSNALS. 

A  German  publication  gives  the  foU 
lowing  statement  of  the  proportion  be- 
tween the  Journals  and  tbe  population  of 
the  principal  countries  in  Europe: — In 
Rome  there  is  one  Journal  to  51,000 
persons;  in  Madrid,  one  to  50^000;  in 
Vienna,  one  to  11,000;  in  London,  one 
to  10,600;  in  Berlin,  one  to  4,070;  in 
Paris,  one  to  3,700;  in  Stockholm,  one  to 
2,600 ;  in  Leip«ic,  one  to  1,100;  in  the 
whole  of  Spain,  one  to  864,000;  in 
Russia,  one  to  674,000;  in  Austria,  one 
to  376,000;  in  Switzerland,  one  to  66.000; 
in  France,  one  to  52.000;  in  Engknd, 
one  to  46,000 ;  in  Prusiiia,  one  to  43,000 ; 
in  the  Netheriands,  one  to  40,450.  Tbe 
number  of  subscriben  to  that  of  the  in- 
habitants is,  in  France,  one  to  437 ;  in 
England,  one  to  184;  in  the  Netherlands, 
one  to  100. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


BOCIKTY  OF   ANTIQUARIK8. 

March  26.  W.  R.  Hamilton,  Esq. 
V.  P. 

A  circular  was  received  from  the  Pon- 
tiSad  Academy  of  Arcbteology  at  Rome, 
offering  a  prize  medal  for  tbe  be«l  eswv 


on  the  date  and  history  of  the  Painted 
Va.ses  discovered  at  Cunino  and  elsewhere 
in  Italy. 

Mr.  Baddeley  exhibited  a  gold  ring  of 
the  plain  hoop  form,  enpraved  on  tbe 
ov>X*\Acv{\\.Vv\Xyc  \%x\w%  X  ^  W  and  a 


1835.] 


Antiquarian  Re»earchea. 


527 


heart i  and  inside  with  this  inscription: 
tateitf  monnr  cure  (avez  mon  caur.) 

John  Adaixison,  Esq.  Sec.  S.  A. 
Newc.  communicated  a  supplementary 
memoir  on  the  Anglo-Saxon  stycas  found 
at  Uexliam,  describing  many  varieties  not 
noticed  in  liis  memoir  printed  in  the  2dth 
volume  of  the  Arcbteologia.  He  alluded 
to  the  stvcae  engraved  in  our  Magazine 
for  April  1832,  as  being  the  earliest 
known  to  have  issued  from  the  archiepis* 
copal  mint  at  York. 

The  reading  was  then  commenced  of  a 
brief  summary,  by  Thomas  Stapleton, 
esq.  F.SA.  of  the  Wardrobe  Accounts 
of  the  10th,  II  th,  and  14th  yeurs  of  King 
Edward  II.  It  is  derived  from  the 
books  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  House- 
hold, those  for  the  two  first  years  being 
in  the  library  of  the  Society,  and  the 
third  in  the  possession  of  Joseph  Hal- 
ton,  Esq.  of  Kichmond,  co  York.  The 
historical  information  tbe^  furnish  is  very 
valuable:  minutely  traang  the  King's 
movements,  and  manv  facts  relating  to 
his  campaign  in  Scotland,  &c.  At  the 
commencement  of  the  period  he  was  re- 
siding at  bis  palace  of  Clipstone,  by 
'♦  merry  Shens'ood." 

^prU  2.     Henry  Hallam,  esq.  V.P. 

WiUum  ColUns  Wood,  esq.  B.A.  of 
Magdalen  college,  Oxford,  and  of  Kee- 
tbuk,  CO.  Perth,  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Society. 

A  bequest  was  received,  by  the  bands 
of  Sharon  Turner,  esq.  from  the  late 
Prince  Hoare,  Esq.  being  a  picture  sup- 
posed to  represent  the  penitential  proces- 
sion of  Eleanor  Cobham,  Duchess  of 
Gloucester,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI. 
It  is  apparently  the  work  of  a  Flemish 
painter,  about  the  reign  of  our  Elizabeth. 
We  do  not  observe  anything  in  the  design 
connecting  it  with  the  history  of  toe 
Duchess  of  Gloucester;  but  we  rather 
imagine  it  is  the  procession  to  martyrdom 
of  some  female  Saint  who  suffered  by 
impalement,  for  a  stake,  of  the  form  used 
for  that  horrible  mode  of  execution,  it 
seen  in  the  distance. 

William  WiJkins,  Esq.  R.A.  and 
F.S.A.  exhibited  nine  architectural  draw- 
ings of  King's  College  chapel,  made  by 
himself,  whilst  pursuing  his  mathematical 
studies  at  Cambridge,  and  shaded  by 
Muckenzio. 

Air.  Stapleton's  paper  was  then  con- 
tinued. 

Aprils.     W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

Kdwanl  Cro.xy,  Yl^i\.  i-xliibitcd  a  seal, 
evidently  a  copy  ot  that  ot  the  Mayoralty 
of  the  City  of  London,  which  has  been 
fuund  near  St.  Gennain's,  and  is  appa- 
rently of  about  the  time  of  King  James  1 1. 

Mr.   Doubleday  accomimiiicd  it  with 


an  impression  of  that  still  in  use  at  the 
Mansion-bouse  (which  has  been  published 
in  Hone's  Every- Day  Book,  vol.  ii.  257.) 

John  Newman,  Esq.  F.S.A.  architect 
to  the  Bridge  House  estates  of  the  city  of 
London,  exhibited  a  bronze  head  lately 
raised  from  the  Thames  opposite  Fresh 
Wharf  near  London  Bridge.  The  members 
of  the  Society  conversant  with  coins  had  no 
hesitation  in  pronouncing  it  to  be  •  butt 
of  the  Emperor  Hadrian ;  the  forehead 
only  being  scarcely  so  high  as  the  money- 
ers  were  accustomed  to  represent  the 
deified  Csesar. 

Mr.  Cresy  the  architect  likewise  com- 
municated a  memoir  on  Aynesford  Caa- 
tle,  Kent,  one  of  the  fortresses  which 
lined  the  banks  of  the  Darent,  and  de- 
fended the  passes  of  the  invincible  Hol- 
mesdale.  Having  recently  been  relin. 
quishcd  as  the  kennel  for  Sir  P.  H,  lake's 
hounds,  Mr.  Cresy  has  made  a  minute 
architectural  survey  of  its  remains,  clear- 
ing away  as  he  proceeded  the  accumulated 
roil,  which  concealed  some  of  its  features, 
and  has  laid  down  his  admeasuremenu  in 
plans  and  elevations,  which,  with  two 
interesting  models,  accompanied  the  com- 
munication. 

AprU  Sa  This  being  St.  Oeorge'a 
day,  the  annual  elections  were  made, 
when  the  officers  were  all  rechosen,  and 
the  following  Council :  the  Earl  of  Aber> 
decn,  President;  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of 
Sussex,  Thomas  Amyot,  esq.  Treas. 
Charki  F.  Barnwell,  esq.  F.RJS.  Nicb. 
Carlisle,  esq.  Sec,  the  Bithop  of  Chiehet. 
ttTf  Juhn  Paytu  Collier,  esq.  Sir  Henry 
Ellis,  Sec ,  John  Gage,  esa.  Director, 
Hudson  Gurhey,  esq.  V.P.,  Henry  Hal- 
lam, esq.  V.P.,  W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq. 
y.?.  Philip  Hardwicke,  esq.  F.JtS^  A.  J. 
Kempe^  e$q.  Wm.  Young  Ottley,  esq.  Sir 
Francis  Palgrave,  F.R.S.  Atgemoa  Lord 
PrudluK,  F./LS.,  That.  StapleUm^  etf. 
Major-Gem.  Sir  B.C.  SUpheHton.  K.C.H,, 
Wm,  Wilkint,  etq.  R.A.  Rt.  Hon.  Sir 
a  W.  W.  Wynn,  V.P. 

The  Society  afterwards  dined  at  the 
Freemasons'  Tavern,  where  Mr.  AmyoC, 
the  Treasurer,  presided,  supported  by  Sir 
R.  H.  Inglis.  Mr.  Davies  GUbert,  and 
a  numerous  party  of  the  most  active  and 
zealous  members ;  and  the  evening  waa 
passed  with  much  conviviality. 

ANTIENT  MORTAB. 

Samuel  Kenrick,  esq.  of  Birmingham, 
lately  purchased  at  an  auction  in  x\uX 
town  fur  30/.  an  interesting  relic  con- 
nected with  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  York — 
the  mortar  used  in  the  infirmary  of  the 
monastery ;  and  has  since  liberiilly  pre- 
sented it  to  the  museum  of  the  Yodb^asn. 
PhilowvV^cA  ^bwasVj.    \X  N*  «\  >s»»-. 


528 


jtMtiqmritm  Se$emrcke9.-~P9etrjf. 


[May, 


weighing  about  wventy-fiTe  pounda*  and 
moat  bMUQfully  onwmented.  It  ia  men. 
tioned  in  one  of  Gent'a  woriu  aa  bdng  in 
the  poaseaaion  of  a  peraon  in  York,  but 
the  hiatcHy  of  ita  remoral  to  Birmingham 
(where  it  narrowly  eacaped  the  funiace) 
ia  unlcnown.  The  following  ia  a  copy  of 
the  inacription: — "MoaTABiu*  s*ci  ioh'is 
ktancel'  de  I'ruMABiA  Kioa.  p^  wiix'a 
DK  TotrrHoane  me  FEcrr  a.d.  moccvui  " 
••  The  Mortar  of  St  John  the  Evangeliat, 
of  the  infirmary  of  St.  Mary  at  York. 
Brother  William  of  Towthoipe  made  me 
A.  D.  1306.- 

AKCIENT  8WOEO. 

A  carioua  aword  waa  lately  found  at 
Nockamnnion,  parish  of  Louffhgeel,  in 
the  countT  of  Antrim.  1 1  was  discovered 
beneath  three  flags  of  Uack  atone  in  re- 
pairinc  a  bank  of  the  river  Bush.  On  it, 
aa  wdl  aa  on  the  atonea»  a  great  many 


characters  areMnaeribed.  Tfak  awoid, 
which  ia  entirely  of  braaa,  with  a  hi^ 
handle,  measures  5  feet  4}  indiea  in 
length,  and  S^  inchca  in  breadth,  tapetiqg 
to  a  point,  much  after^  the  &shioB  of  a 
dagger.  Ita  weight,  together  with  two 
huge  hraaa  bucklea  found  with  it,  ia  lOba. 
AoK.  It  haa  a  very  aharp  eigt,  ia  re. 
markaUv  hard,  and  seema,  from  aeveml 
deep  indentationa,  both  on  the  back  and 
edge,  to  have  been  well  tried. 

aOMAN  CODia. 

Some  labooiera  on  the  banka  of  Ae 
river  opposite  Grogneul,  in  the  Eure  et 
Loire,  on  rooting  np  aome(p<^lara,  lately 
found  an  antique  Roman  vaae,  containing 
about  600  silver  coina,  of  the  aixe  of  a 
fifteen-sous  piece,  formiiur  a  aeries  <rf  the 
Roman  Emperors  and  Empresaea  from 
Adrian,  who  reigned  in  the  year  1I7»  to 
the  jrounger  Gordian,  in  23B. 


POETRY. 


ON  A  LADY  OF  THE  OLDEN  TIME.        EPITAPH  ON  JOHN  HARDING. 


Bf  the  Author^  the  /Ave*  ^tkt  SUurtd 
PoH9. 

LET  her  aleep !  her  favourite  bird 
In  that  dark  nxMn  hatb  long  been  mate ; 

No  footstep  in  her  chamber  heard, 
The  moss  hath  gather'd  round  her  late  I 

No  armed  henchman  in  the  hall 

With  tale  or  song  the  night  doth  cheer, 

Beaide  the  biasing  hearth ;  no  call 
Startles  tiie  alumber  of  the  apear  I 

Hie  hunter's  joyous  horn  hath  flown, 
And  faded  all  the  ancient  state ; 

Sorrow  and  Silence  ait  alone, 
Pde  watchers,  at  the  gate. 

Oh,  wake  ber  not !  her  hope  was  bow'd 
By  many  a  tempest  dark  and  deep ; 

And  many  a  black  and  chilling  cloud 
Hung  o'er  her  ere  she  fell  asleep. 

Tlien  let  her  rest  I  in  Uioae  green  bowers 

No  faded  leaf  is  shed; 
Nor  autumn  winds,  nor  winter  showers 

Wither  the  garluid  round  her  bead. 


Laitljfhmritdin  the  Ckwrtk-ymrd  ^Bivm 
km;  aged  M.* 

LAY  down  thy  pilgrim-itaff,  iqwa  dua 

heap, 
And  till  tlMB  morning  of  redeBptfamBlBept 
Old  way-farer  of  euth  I    ¥nm.  ymuft  to 

Long,  but  not  weary,  waa  tbr  fflarfB^gi^ 
Thy  Chriatian  pilgrimage, — for  ratk  aai 

Prayer 
Alone  enabled  thee  aome  grielh  to  bear. 
Lone,  in  old  age,  without  a  haBlNaid*B|M, 
Thy  wife  ahall  pray,  beside  thee  to  bahM| 
For  more  than  a  kind  fether  didit  llhom 

prove 
To  rocaTKBN  childreaof  her  fUlhlhllnv^ 
May  future  fathers  of  the  viUage  i 
The  same  sore  path,  to  the  i 

place,  [to  I 

And  future  sons,  taugbt  in  duir  I        

Learn  that  first  leaaon  ttam  a  POOftMAa** 

ORAVB.  W.  L.  BowHMk 

BrewMU  Viemrof*,  4|»il,  1BS5. 


*  The  history  of  this  aged,  industrious  man,  and  truly  Chriatian  eharaetartjs 
known,  from  Mrs.  Bowles's  affecting  narrative,  published  by  Rivingtona. 
entrusted  the  earnings  of  a  long  and  indoatrious  life  to  an  attorney,  he  mndd 
old  age,  with  his  wife,  bsve  been  consigned,  perhaps,  to  a  workhouse,  hat 
benevolence  of  the  Marquis  of  Lansdowne.     From  the  Bath  and  West  of  '    _ 
Society,  he  received  the  largest  premium,  for  having  bred  up  a  fiunily  of^WrfaMtV 
ifrea,  without  parish  assistance  or  relief.   In  his  H4tb  year  he  was  upright  wmt  htol 
and  walked  two  miles  as  usual  to  church ;  but  he  waa  seized  in  the  wMk«t  41 
an  J  never  spoke  again. 
10 


J  835.] 


Poetty. 


529 


SONNET. 


TtlGHT   AND   DB\TR. 


Mysterious  Night,  whcD  the  first  man  but  knew 

Thee  by  reiwrt,  unseen,  and  heard  thy  name. 

Did  he  not  tremble  for  this  lovely  frame, 

This  glorious  cunopy  of  light  and  blue  ? 

Yet  'neath  a  curtain  of  translucent  dew, 

Bathed  in  the  rays  of  the  great  setting  flftoie, 

Hesperus  with  the  Host  of  Heaven  came. 

And  lo ! — Creation  widened  on  his  view  ! 

Who  could  have  thought  what  darkness  lay  concealed 

Within  thy  beams,  O  Sun  ?  or  who  conJd  find 

Whilst  tly,  and  leaf,  and  insect  stood  rcveal'd 

That  to  such  endless  orbs  thou  mad'st  us  blind? 
Weak  man.  why  to  shun  Death  this  anxious  strife  1 
If  light  can  thus  deceive,  wherefore  not  Life  i  fi.  W. 


THE  DAISY  IN  INDIA, 

Stippotfd  to  be  addrtaied  by  the  R^v.  Dr. 
H'illiom  Carey,  to  the Jirtt plant  t{f  that 
tpeciet  which  tprang  up  unejcpecteiily 
in  kit  garden ,-  having  been  eonetyed 
thither,  with  other  geedt,  in  «onie  £nff- 
lish  earth  tent  to  him  from  kin  nnlive 
land.     {See  p.  .>52.) 

TH  RICE  welcome,  little  English  flower  1 

Thy  mother  country's  white  and  red ; 
Hevcr  fo  lovely  'till  this  honr 

To  mr  their  sim|ile  beauties  xpread ; 
ThmsplantcJ  from  thine  island  bed, 

A  trcaiure  in  a  grain  of  earth  ( 
Straynt  as  a  spirit  from  the  dead, 

Thine  embryo  spruag  to  birth. 

TJjri...  .,'■■:    t:  .-,-,,-    . 

■Shut       tlU-K       VUlil        .t.l>l3       MUUI,       lUllJiCJllS 

lower, 

Bat  wbea  the  muu'n  env  tK-ams  uxhc 
M^iUi  unnbiuih'd  hut  i 

Follow  bi*  tDotiiiti  : 
Nor  casM  to  k^m  'till  djiyli^ht  dies, 

Then  fold  tiicrmBclTcs  to  rest. 

Tliriw  «i '  nrr  I 

To  thtv 
■WHiere  R.  r 

In  f^orf 

Thoi: 

L 

Yet  I..  .....  .  ,,. ^^.v- . 

Than  ail  thn  torrid  itoa«  I 


The  fairy  spots  of  infancy, 

Youth's  golden    o^,    and  maabood'f 

prime,  [thee. 

Home,    country,    kindred,  friends,   with 

Are  mine  in  this  for  clime. 
Thrice  welcome,  little  English  flower  ! 

I  MI  rear  thee  with  a  trembling  hand; 
Oh,  fur  the  April  son  and  shower, 

The  sweet  May  dews  of  that  fair  landl*' 
Where  daisies  thick  as  star-light  stand 

In  every  walk  !  that  here  may  shoot 
Thy  scions,  and  thy  buds  erpand 

A  hundred  from  one  root. 

Thrice  welcome,  little  English  flower ! 

To  me  the  pledge  of  hopes  anseen, 
When  sorrow  would  my  heart  o^erpoweiv 

For  joys  tliat  were,  or  might  have  been. 
I  '11  call  to  mind  how  fresh  and  green 

1  saw  thee  waking  from  the  dost ; 
Then  turn  to  henven  n  hrow  serene, 

And  place  in  r;<  -t. 

<>  .raoumr. 

SheftriJ    tr-  —  -' 

I  '  paragraph  of  Dr. 


q4  tl 
ohooL 


Tboq  tbalt  the  bright  mt 
UsMT.  Maw. 


Hous£  OF  Co&nioNS. 
March  23.  The  Report  on  the  resolution 
for  CoJlMlTING  tbe  TlTUrS  of  Ireland, 
agreed  to  on  the  20th  inst.  being  brought 
up,  a  long  and  j^tormy  discufiaion  r n<«iied. 
Mr.  liamm,  MenihtT  for  Wiilcrford.  siiid 
that  it  was  an  insult  to  an  intelligent  body 
of  men  to  ask  them  to  place  confidcnre 
in  any  portion  of  tbe  assodation  upon 
the  Treasury  Benches.  They  had  adopted 
the  measures  of  the  lote  Govemraeiit — 
tbe  Dinscnters'  Marriage  Bill,  this  very 
TJtbe  Bill — and  were  now  eiideavouring 
to  ]»B*i»  them  off  as  their  own.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  Government  had  in  fact  ab(in> 
doned  every  princijile  they  had  ever  pro- 
fessed, from  a  sordid  aniiety  for  lucre. — 
Sir  H.IIardingeaaid  that  the  Hon.  Mem- 
ber bad  accused  the  Ministers  of  abandon- 
ing every  principle  for  the  base  desire  of 
holding  oflice.  And  he  thought  they  \i  ould 
not  be  justified  at  present  in  sitting  do*vn 
silently  under  such  animputation,  although 
it  might  be  suppoiied  they  could  well  suffer 
to  pass  unnoticed  sccuiUitionii  preferred 
agaiutt  them  in  fluch  a  gtrain  of  vulgar 
insolence. —  Mr.  Barron  said,  that  if  the 
Gallant  OfEeer  alluded  to  him,  he  treated 
his  observations  with  the  utmost  con- 
tempt. He  threw  them  back  in  his  teeth, 
( Loud  calls  for  order.) — The  Speaker  here 
interfered,  and  told  the  Hon.  Member 
(Mr.  Barron)  that  he  must  withdmw  the 
ofietiftive  expression.^  he  had  used- — on 
which  ^Ir.  Barron  Miid  that,  conceiving 
that  the  honour  of  every  Meinh{>r  wa« 
best  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Speaker, 
be  would,  under  biS'  directions,  retract 
tbe  expressions  be  had  used,  and  apologise 
for  having  used  them. — After  a  good  deal 
of  further  angry  discussion.  Sir  H.  Pert 
rose  for  the  purpose  of  defending  his 
character  from  the  attacks  to  which  it 
bad  been  subjected.  He  affirmed  that  be 
bid  not  sought  the  office  which  be  held  by 
any  factious  attempts  to  thwart  the  Ute 
Government  of  this  Country.  From  the 
circumittances  under  which  he  had  accepted 
office  (accepted  it  from  a  sense  of  duly), 
be  had  determined  to  make  every  cnnsti- 
tational  etfort  to  maintain  it ;  he  would 
continue  to  mnke  those  etforts— be  would 
meet  any  charges  of  inconsistency  which 
might  be  renewed  against  him ;  and,  rdhr- 
ing  on  the  purity  of  his  own  motives,  be 


would  attempt  to  take  a  course 
with  the  principles  which  he  atUl  STOired. 
and  which  should  be  likely  to  give  aati»- 
fnctioii  to  the  Country:  but  he  would  not 
hold  office  one  single  hour  beyond  that  in 
which  he  thought  he  could  retoiii  it  cotw 
sistently  with  the  interests  of  the  Crown 
and  the  honour  of  a  public  man.  The 
result  of  the  debate  was,  that  the  R4^P<>n 
was  ordered  to  be  received,  ajid  a  Bill, 
founded  upon  it,  to  be  brought  in  by  Sir 
H.  Hardinffc  and  Mr.  Goulhurtt, 

March  24.  The  House  iLiving  rcaolvei 
itself  into  a  Committee  to  luke  into  com. 
sideration  that  [Mirt  of  the  speech  from  the 
Throne  which  related  to  Tithes  in  Emc- 
LAND,  Sir  R.  Pttl  stated  that  the  principle 
of  bis  cneasure  would  be  to  give  toe  groK- 
est  possible  encouragement  to  voluntary 
commutation.  He  showed  from  rctunM 
upon  the  table  that  voluntary  commuta* 
tions  had  already  taken  place,  by  means  of 
private  Acta  ot  Parliament,  m  do  Icm 
than  2000  parifibes.  In  nunr  cues  the 
expenses  of  a  private  Act  for  tblB  puipOM 
had  cost  1000/..  and  when  it  was 
sidercd  how  much  labour  and  pain^ 
sides  money,  must  liave  been  exper 
such  casea,  he  thought  it  only  a  fair  pre- 
sumption, that  if  such  difficuldea  were 
removed,  the  House  might  calculate  \Xftm 
the  number  of  voluntary  commutations 
being  vastly  increttsed.  He  pr 
therefore,  that  a  cooiniission  of' 
persona,  either  laymen  or  der 
should  be  appointed  to  sit  in  Londc 
two  to  be  named  by  the  Crown,  and 
third  by  the  Archbishop  of  Canterfao^. 
These  Commissioner*  would  b«ve  tM 
power  of  appointing  AaaistanU  Comi 
sionors.  The  tithe  ownera  in  every  { 
would  be  invited  to  meet  and  disruas  ' 
question  of  commutation,  and  thejrwooU 
be  furnished  with  the  assistance  of  an 
Aftsistant- Commissioner,  in  order  Co  ad* 
vise  them  in  reference  to  points  of  law, 
tuc  and  to  facilitate  an  omicsble  agrreiDaU 
for  commutation.  The  CoaniaaioiMr 
would,  in  fact,  net  at  «och  mretit^  aa 
amicuM  curia.  If  Ht  any  ouch  ineetinf  tlka 
tithe-owner,  tM'o-tliinli  in  yAuf  Hf  titf 
land-owners,  and  (Tie  '•'  ifviiHT 

came  to  an  agreement.  ->  oi* 

apvement  were  to  be  riJucLd  lo  wri 
aigned  by  all  tbe  partirs.  and  tJicD  I 


k 


Proceedings  in  Parliatnent. 


mitted  to  theXoramURionera  in  London. 
The  consent  of  the  Bishop  of  the  Dioce»e 
w&a  in  no  CHfie  to  b«  required,  and  it  mis 
to  obvinte  the  nccessit)'   of  such  consent 
that  one  of  the  Commissiuricre  was  to  be 
a[}pointed  by  (he  Archbithup  of  Conter- 
biirj',   in   order    that    the   riRht*  of  the 
Church  might  not  be  prrjiHiictyl.     Such 
agreements,  when  ponfirmed  by  the  Com- 
RUMioners,  were  to  be  consiiiered  binding 
on  the  parties.  The  commutation  was  to 
be  a  corn-lent ;    the  assessment  of  it  to 
be  apportioned  by  an  Assistant- Commis- 
fiioner  on  alt  the  titheable  lands,  and  an 
appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Aitsistant' 
Comraisfiioner   miKbt    be    made    to   the 
Quarter  SesHiuns  by  any  party  dis^atittied 
with  his  individual  upportionmenL    The 
commutation-rent   would   be  recoverable 
by  action  or  by  distress,  or,  if  below  a 
certain  amount,  by  summarv  procetrding 
before   two  magtstnites.      Where   landifl 
were  on  tease  at  the  time  of  the  commu- 
tation first  taking  place,  the  tenant  might 
pay  the  commutation. rent,  and  then  de- 
duct the  amount  from  the  rent  payable 
by  him  to  the  landlord.     The  amount  of 
the  comroutatiou-rcnt  wba  to  be  deter- 
mined, not  by  the  price  of  wheat  only, 
but  by  the  average  price  of  all  kinds  of 
com — viz.  wheat,  barley,  and  oats ;  and  it 
was  to  be  subject  to  periodical  revisions 
and   re>8dju5tment8,    if    desired    by    the 
tithe-owners  and  iwo-thirds  of  the  land- 
owners, at  the  end  of  every  seven  yearsL 
Tbe  operation  of  the   Bill  was  to  be  li- 
mited to  live  years.     Tbc  Right  Hon. 
Bart,  concluded  by   moving  the  follow, 
ing  resolution: — '«  That  it  is  expedient 
to  give  facilities  fur  the  commutation  of 
tithe  in  the  several  pari^heii  of  England 
and  Wales,  and  for  a  paynK.'nt  in  money 
in  substitution  thereof,  to  b«  a{i[iloited  on 
the  titheable  lands  in  each  pansh  ;  such 
payment   to  be  subject  to  variation  at 
stated  periods,  according  to  tbe  prices  of 
com,  or  for  the  allotment  of  land  in  lieu 
of  tithe  in  parishes  therein  the  parties 
concerned  may  consent  to  such  allotment." 
Mr.  T.  B.  Lennard,  Col.  Hood,  Messrs. 
r.  FtrgvttoH  and  Rolfi,  Sir  R.  Jngiit,  Sir 
M.  W.  Ridky,  Messrs.  Jilamire,   Ciiyfry. 
Baring,  and  Ettcouri  expressed  tbemselvca 
generally  favourable  to  the  measure,  with 
a  few  moditicarions. — L<ird  J.  HtuselltUso 
concurred  in  the  proposirion,  though  he 
thought  that  it  had  some  of  the  defects  of 
the  two  preceding  measures  on  tbe  same 
subject ;  but  he  particularly  regretted  that 
the  plan  of  commutation  wa«  not  to  be 
cotnfmliory  instead  of  voluntary— t  a«nti- 
netit  in  which  many  other  Hon.  Mem- 
ben  concurred.     Other  resolutions  were 
thtn  ifpeed  to. 


I 


Sir  72.  JlfM^rarr  obtained  leave  to  briny 
in  a  Bill  for  Reuef  of  the  Poor  in  Ire- 
land, upon  the  undersrunding  that  the 
Kecond  reading  of  the  measure  ithauld  nut 
t>e  pressed,  until  the  Report  of  the  I'oor 
Law  Commisaiouers  was  laid  upon  the 
table. 

March  2S,  Mr.  PouUer  moved  th« 
second  reading  of  the  SAiiaATU-OAY  Ok. 
6EBVANCS  Bill.  The  motion  w&s  op- 
posed by  Messrs.  WuriuTton,  Potter, 
Hawe$.  T.  B.  Lennard,  »'  H.  Ord,  E^art, 
and  day ;  and  supported  by  Sir  S.  What- 
ley.  Sir  A  Battum^  Messrs.  G  F.  Youug, 
Golbum,  Pringle,  CoL  Evant,  Sir  A.  Ag- 
nev,  and  Mr.  JJume.  On  a  division,  there 
were,  for  the  second  reading,  121 ;  ugainst 
it.  45. 

March  26.  Mr.  TTwtr  brought  forward 
a  motion  fur  an  Address  to  the  Crown, 
beseechirig  his  Majesty  to  gruit  hia 
RoTAL  Chabtelb  of  LscoaroRATioN  to 
the  UNtvtiisiry  of  London,  as  approved 
by  tbe  Law  Officers  of  the  Crown  in  tbe 
year  1831,  and  containing  no  other  restric- 
tion than  that  against  conferring  degiecf 
in  divinity  and  medicine. —  Mr.  GoJ&urm 
moved  a»  an  amendment  an  Address  to  hia 
Alajesty,  pra)ing  for  copies  of  all  memo- 
rials presented  on  this  subject  from  the 
two  Universities,  and  also  for  a  copy  of 
the  proceedings  which  had  taken  place 
with  reference  to  them  before  tbe  Frivy 
Council. — The  amendment  was  supported 
by  Sir  //.  Inglu.  Lord  F.  Egerton^  Sir  R. 
Peel,  JVlr.  Baring,  &c.,  on  tbe  ground  that 
the  House  was  not  in  possession  of  suffi-  ^ 
cient  information  on  tbe  subject — Dr.  H 
I.usAingtoti,  Ht,  W^arburton,hoTiJ.  Ru0- 
tell,  and  others,  supported  tbe  original 
motion,  which,  on  a  division,  was  carried 
by  2i6  to  136. 

March  S!7.  The  House  went  iAto  • 
Committee  of  Supply  on  the  Army  and 
Navy  Estimates;  whan  Mr.  Htrrim 
stated,  that  tbe  amount  of  the  force  now 

Eropo«ed  to  be  voted  was  81, 000  men; 
ist  year  it  was  88,000;  thus  making  a 
reduction  of  7000  men  on  the  present 
estimate. — Major  Beauclerk  moveo  as  an 
amendment  that  tbe  proposed  grant  should 
be  reduced  to  75,000. — 'Upon  this  propost- 
don  a  long  diM-usnion  followed,  and  it 
was  ultinuttfly  ne^tived  by  a  majority  of 
255  to  lUl,  and  the  original  motion  for  a 
giant  of  81,000  men  was  agreed  to. — 
Upon  the  usual  sum  being  moved  for  the 
support  of  the  Regiments  of  Gnards,  a 
reduction  was  proposed,  upon  which  the 
Committee  again  divided,  and  tbe  num- 
bers were  for  the  original  motion,  HI ; 
fur  the  amendment,  59. 

March  30.  Lord  J.  Retell  rose  for 
the  purpose  of  bringing  forward  a  motion. 


I 


mttk 


532 


Proceedivgt  in  Parliament 


for  appljinp  the  i>ur|)]us  Revenues  of  the 
C^tmt'H  of  IniXANu  to  the  religioas  aiid 
morat  instmrrion  of  the  people-  His 
Lordship  stated,  that  allhough  the  Irish 
Church  possessed  an  annuBl  revenue  of 
800.(K)0f.,  the  presenec  of  the  EsbiMish- 
mcnC  in  Ireland  biu]  not  served  to  advniiee 
the  religious  instruction  of  the  people,  for 
whose  benefit  it  was  ijitended,  nor  to  in- 
crease the  number  of  conversions  to  Pro- 
testantism— many  of  the  Protest«nt  elerpy 
considering  themselves  mther  as  meml>er8 
of  s  great  politieal  body,  than  an  set  aptu't 
for  the  purpose  of  communieating  religious 
instruction.  His  Lordsbip  then  adverted 
to  the  eNils  svliieh  hud  resulted  from,  and 
the  deplorable  sct-nrs  which  had  been  oc- 
casioned by.  the  disputes  arising  from  the 
collection  of  tithe  m  Ireland,  to  remedy 
which  melancholy  state  of  things  he  pro- 
posed that,  lifter  }irovidinp  arlef|oately  ff»r 
the  support  of  the  Estiiblislirnenl'  the 
■urptua  revenue  should  lie  applied  Xn  ^ome 
object  by  whieh  the  moral  and  religious 
improvement  of  the  people  of  Ircfund 
'  might  be  advanced.  It  was  with  this  view 
then,  that  he  proposed  a  resolution  to  this 
effect,^"  Thut  the  i-ioune  do  resolve  it- 
felf  into  a  committee  of  the  whole  House, 
ill  order  to  consider  the  present  state  of 
the  Church  Esu.b!ishment  in  Ireland, 
with  the  view  of  applying  any  surplus  uf 
ks  revenue,  not  reqniied  lor  the  general 
purposes  of  that  Church,  to  the  general 
moral  and  religious  instruction  of  hia 
Majesty's  iiibjects  in  IreUmd,  without 
reference  to  their  religiouB  dislinetioiis," 
His  Lordship  then  observed,  tliut  it  was 
tighlv  important  to  deddc  at  once  whe- 
ther Alinisters  did  ordid  not  enjoy  the  con- 
fidence of  the  House  on  the  suliject  uf  the 
Teformof  the  Irish  Church,  'fhe  Noble 
Xiord  then  contended  at  some  length,  that 
Parliament  posse^'bfd  the  right  to  interfere 
%rith  the  disposition  of  ecclesiastical  pro- 

Kerty,  when  Mich  an  interference  should 
e  justified  by  a  regard  for  the  benefit 
and  religious  instruction  of  the  people, 
uid  the  well-bi>ing  Mikd  hiu-mony  of  the 
State. — Sir  E.  KnatchbuU,  in  reply,  nid 
that,  according  to  his  view,  the  whole  drift 
ef  the  Noble  Lord's  proposition  was  to 
give  to  the  Catholics  of  Ireland  the  pro- 
perty of  the  Prote^taIlt  Church.  With 
this  feeling  he  confodered  himself  bound 
to  resist  it.  There  was  also  another  point 
of  view  in  which  he  regarded  the  queiition. 
He  looked  upon  it  as  a  trial  of  strength 
between  Government  and  their  opponents. 
But  if  the  Noble  Lord  should  suceced  in 
di<plfecing  the  present  Govt-nimcnt,  he 
Warned  the  country  of  the  discordant  ma- 
teria!* which  must  form  the  new  Cabinet. 
Having  quoted  the  authority  uf  Burke  to 
*h«w   the  ioviolable    aature  of    Church 


{iroperty,  be  entered  into  nrknis  6etmSa 
refpecting  the  present  stafe  of  tl>«  Irbb 
Church,  and  contended  that,   upon  twtrj 
principle  of  justice,  they  were  bound  w 
protect  the  funds  of  the  Church  from  the 
violation  with  which  they  were  tbreatcTietL 
— Mr.  Ward  strongly  supponed  Lord  J. 
Russell's    proposition.       He    maiorained 
that,  undl  the  principle  of  appropriatxw 
now  urged  was  carried  into  efTeet,  tbem 
was  no  chance  of  Irarquillitv  or  improre' 
inent  in  the  condition  of   Ireland.' — Sir 
J.  Graham  opposed  the  motion.     He  con- 
ceived tiie  ])resent  to  be  but   the  fom* 
mencement  of  a  aeries  of  attacks  on  cor- 
]iorution  property,  and  as  a  consciratwaa 
man  ho  rould   not  support  it.      Tile  Itc 
Hon.    Bart,   then   insisted   that    Churrik 
property  hnd  Inen   expressly  granred  for 
the  maintenance  and  propagation  of  the 
Protestant     religi»n,   but    acknuwiedgtrd 
that,  so  long  as  it  was  uppmjiriatctl  to  ex- 
clusively Protestant  purposes  it  naii^hrbe 
redistributed   in  any  manner  the  iv^gia^ 
ture  thought  moat  conducive  to  tbat  bur- 
pose.— Lord  Howvrk  strongly  Kupporti«d  ilw 
motion.      It  had   been  ^aid,  that  tbe  pn>- 
pcrty  of  the  Irish  Church  had  been  gtno 
for  the  purpoiie  of  mainlaini^^'  and  pro- 
pagating the    Protestant  rLii  ;,  it 
had  not  done  so,  and  no  womJ  .>- 
pie  of  Ircliiud  having  bci-n  ii,J,-j.,.:.vu  to 
receive  that  creed,  from  the  circtimstiuie* 
of  their  bdving  ubnerved  a  lar|^e  propertjf 
vested  in  their  land,  devoted  to  the  nuan- 
teimnce  of  an  alien  Cleifcy,  whose  t«peechM 
and  geneml   conduct   were  in    innrijr  in. 
stancea  calculated   10  do  fuisi-hief,  and  in- 
crease the  aniniu:«ity  by  which  the  pe«pla 
were  already  but  too  freijuenlly  influenced 
against   ciu-n    other.      It   wn*   absolutely 
hopelero  to  think  of  retaining  the profieny 
for  the  support  of  the  Fiolestant  CbufcB 
ill   Ireland,  in  s]<ite  of  the  fi>rlings  and 
w  isbc«  of  nine-tenths  of  the  populalioib 
The  debute  was  then  adjouriifd. 

The  DiMENTKRS'  Maiiuiack  Bill  wa» 
bront;ht  in,  and  read  a  fiist  time. 

The  Reports  on  the  .MrNJcirAL  Cot^ 
t>oRATioNS,  both  in  England  and  Ireland* 
were  presented,  and  ordered  to  be  prtotw^ 

Mirch  31 .  The  debate  on  the  fjuan 
CHL'arH  was  rciiumed  try  Mr.  Skiet,  who 
affirmed  that  Church  reform  w«i  •  nrcc*- 
Bary  attendant  on  the  r»'t<>nti  nf  t\,r  Seo** 
since,  if  the  people  of  i  >uld  i 

longer  endure  borougti  i     ronsci- 

tuencica,  those  of  IreJaud  would  no  lodfcr 
submit  to  a  Church  witlwiui  a  congfirgB- 
tion.     The   Hoil    Member   then  afguad 
that  the  principle  of  the  pre»ent  m* 
had  bi'cn  already  <-..M..,.-i,.,i  i,^  tbe  Chi 
Tempuralitiet'  \i:  |.ra«id«d 

in  parisbcH  wherr  i  .  rvien 

been  pcifornied  fur  three  yiMir»,  tiM  < 


I 


I 


1835.] 


Proeeedingt  i«i  Parliament. 


533 


des  which  orcurrcd  tliould  not  b«  filled  up. 
-~Mr.  f^ftot/  cowXviHied  thiit  no  ptuii  ha<! 
Wen  proposed  for  the  beiu-fit  ot  the  Irish 
Churi'h  >K}'onil  the  iudetiniie  one  of  re- 
furru.     ih'  denied   the  excessive  wealth 
attributed  to  the  (Jhurchof  IreUnd,  which 
be    httd    shown    scarcely    amounted    to 
aOOfiOOL;     and    affirmed,    that   the    re. 
formed  relijicioii  had  been  cstHbli!>h«.-d  in 
that  country  by  a   Catholic    Furlmiiient, 
tlie  prinftjili:  huviitR  been  ratiiied   by  the 
Act  of  Uoion.     The  Hon.  ilemlKT  hIso 
contended  that  they  ought  to  wait  for  the 
Ileport  of  the  Cuinm»<.sioner*  before  they 
dei'ided  upon  the  question  before  them, 
and  L-oiieliidi^-d  by  un  appeal  tothi:  people 
of  England  to  protect  the  religion  which 
they  valued,  from  beinjj  tra[n)>led  under 
foot. — Air.  H'aod  wd  that  he  tihould  >;ive 
his  vote,  witluiut  any  fuctiou*  motive*, 
in  fii\'oiir  of  the  motion   of  the   Noble 
Lord. —  Col.   Darner  ^aid    he   rould   not 
consent  to  tbi«  motion,  ns  its  real  object 
wiu  to  drive  Sir  U.  Peel  from  olHce.    As 
•n  IrUhmnn,    he   thought   that  the   only 
way  to  aetfle  the  quc-^tion  at  issue  wouid 
We  to  pay   the    Catholic    Cleri^y.      That 
coune  was  pursued  in    France,  and  that 
rouTM  he  tuougbt  wouid  best  relieve  the 
ioipoverinbed  people  of  IrelaJid. — 8ir  R. 
JttgtU  also  opposed  the  motion,  re»i>(ring, 
in  ])urticuliir,    Mr.  Wnrd'if  nrgumenc  that 
the  I'arliiimeiit  hud  authority  not  only  to 
upportion  C^hurch  properly,  but  to  inter- 
fere in  lay  property,  in  the  casw  of  Corpo. 
rations.      lie   never  had  admitted,   and 
never  would  alfiw,   that  the  State  could 
touch  Church   properly,  tor  it  waa  pro- 
licrty  tJiat  the  Sfatte  had  not  ^{ranted.   He 
maiiitainod   that    the    Frottslant   Chunh 
had  greatly  odv^uiced  in  Ireland.     In  I7G3 
there  were  v>i3  churches.     In  3U  yeartt  af- 
terwards ms.     In    IbCO  there  were  (jW9. 
Since  that  period  lil2  had  bi*en  built,  and 
64  more  «>ere  ordered  to  be  built.     Who 
then    cou'd    «ay    i'n>te»tant    feeliri|jf    was 
diminishing  in  Ireland?     I'rototani  feel- 
itif(  there  might  be   weakened,  but  could 
not  Ik-  de«troyed- — Mr.  Poulter  earn«!tily 
supported    the    motion. —  iMr.    Gluthlant 
Opposed  It. — Mr-  /'.  //( i^nnur  supported  it- 
— The  .ittorncy-Gfntrai,  in  ftn  elo<)uent 
!ii>eech,  rrbi»tett  Uic  motion,  maintaining 
that  the  Liej.:i»'laturc  had  not  the  n^'ht  to 
meddle  with    ('huieh  property,   «o  as  to 
appropriate  it  to  other  purpiisc!*  tluin  those 
ol    thi:  t^liurch. — Sir  J.  C.  //Mioute  sup- 
]N>rttfd  the  motion   at  (oreat  l«ii(^th,  suh- 
inKLint^  thjit  (hero  could  he  no  tranquillity 
111  Ift  Und   till    this  question  was  settled ; 
and  ili»|{  ir  could  not  be  settled  until   the 
prinn^de  of  appropriation  was  rcco|^izv.Ml. 
The  delwie  was  then  adjourned. 
j^prit   1.      The    Hon     7".    t'urrtf    an> 
nutuicvd  his  Majesty's  answer  to  the  Ad« 


drefw  of  the  26tb,  connected  with  the 
LoNOO.N  UKivERgiTY.  The  answer  ex- 
]ires6cd  his  Majesty's  readiness  to  forward 
the  gran  t  of  the  charter. 

Tlie  adjourned  di^'ussion  ou  the  Iuibh 
Cut'iicH   was   resumed.       Mr.    Sergeant 
TalfourA  opened  the  debate.      He  main-        H 
toined  that  the  question  was  not  whether       H 
the  Catholic  or   the    Protestant   religion 
was  more  true,   but    whether,   under  all 
the  circumstances,  the  Protestant  religion        ^ 
was   the   be^^t  adapted  for  Ireland  ?     He       fl 
described  the  Protectant  Church  of  Ire-       fl 
land  as  an  unsuccessful  experiment,  and 
believed  tlial   its  failure  was  in  a  great 
lueuiiure  ovvin^  to  the  large  incomes  of  the 
clerj^y.      Ireland  could  never  bo  etTcciually 
united  with  this  country  until  justice  was 
done  to  her  claims. —  Mr.  Praed  charged 
the    Opposition   with   disavowing    their 
recorded  opinions  by  the  course  they  were, 
now  pursuing.     It  the  late  Ministers  had 
remained  in  office  tiiey  never  would  have       ^ 
thought  of  proposing  Kuch   a  rcsolurian.       H 
— Dr.   Luth'mgton  defended  himself  and       ^ 
his  friends  fram  the  charges   of  inconsis- 
tency which  had   been   brought  against 
tbrm,   and    claimed   the   right  of  being 
jit<lge<I.    not    by    petty     contradiction*, 
but  upon   broad  and  candid  grounds — in 
short,   hy   the   test   of  truth.     He  then 
alluded  to  the  dihtracted  state  of  Ireland, 
which  had,  in  his  opinion,  l>ecn  principally 
otniusioned  by  the   violent  and  arbitrary 
iiitroduetioii  of  the    t^tablishment   into 
that  country. — Mr./f.  7'Ai»n/>foii  opposed 
the  motion,  because  he  thought  it   would 
lie  an  act  of  injustice   to   many  existing 
clergymen,   and   pregnant  nith  danger  tu        ■ 
the  ii-c.ihlis.hment. — Mr.  IMllcton  lienied       H 
that  the  properly  of  the    Chmrh    was   in       ■ 
danger,    since   he   bad   never   heard    the 
strongest  advocate  of  appropriation  ex- 
press aiiy  other  opinion   than   that  the 
ciisliiitr   interests  of  the  Irish  Protestant 
l/lergy  should  bv  strictly  respected. —  Sir 
//.  //ur/iir/^niainiaiiKd  that  t hi »« measure 
^va.<i  one  most  pregnant  with  danger,  and 
he  opiKMud  ir,  bet-MUs«  it  wai.  destructive 
of  the  best  interests  of  tile    Church,   and 
because  he  viewed  it  as  an  attack   upon 
the  Church  of  England,   which  WM  tbe 
best  defeiM'c  of  the   purest   doctrinea   of 
Christiaiiity. — Mr.  S.  like  su}f|>orted  tbe 
motion,  ajid  alBrmed,  that  until  the  ques- 
tion of  appropriation  should    have    been 
de^'ided.  It  would  be  uaeless  to  think  of 
legislating  on  the  subject  of  Irish   tithe*. 
He  would  not  bold  up  to  tbe  world,  and 
to  the  House,  tbe  scandal,  aiid  to  Ireland 
the    diiigracc,   of  continuing   in    various 
parts  of  that  cotmtry  an  Establi.^'bmentof 
which    the   people  felt  only  tbe  evil,  and 
not  the  U.SC:  or  of  supporting  a    Clergy 
who  had   no   llocka  to   watch   over  aiid. 


Proceedinga  in  Parliament. 


[May. 


I 


|m>tTCt. — Lord  Stanley  opposed  the  mo- 
tion at  great  length,  answering  the  various 
arguments  adduced  in  its  defence,  and 
contending  that,  if  a^eed  to,  it  \\  ould 
eventualljr  lead  to  the  utter  ruin  of  the 
Established  Church.  He  would  not  con. 
■cut  to  any  alienation  of  Church  pro- 
perty which  was  not  slrictly  ecclesiastical. 
The  debate  was  then  adjourned. — 

The  Mutiny  Bills  were  then  read  a 
■econd  time,  and  ordered  to  be  coni- 
mitted. 

^pril  2.     On  the  order  of  the  day  for 
resuming  the  adjourned  debate  being  read, 
Sir  J.  Campbrll  said,  that  tlie  resolution 
before  the  House  had  his  fullest  support 
and   approbation.       He  considered    that 
upon    its   success  mainly   depended   the 
future  destijiiea  of  the  empire.     He  was 
fuvounihle  to  an  union  between   Church 
and  State  ;  but  there  were  abuses  in  (be 
Church,  not  only  in  Irelund,  but  in  Eng. 
land  also,  which  required  to  be  remedied. 
— Mr.  Sergeant  Wtlde  said  tbat  be  was  in 
favour  of  the  rt;<^olutioii,    und  contended 
for  the  right  of  Parliament  to  interfere  in 
tie  distribution  of  Church  property. — Mr. 
Goulhvrn  and   Mr.  H.  Tuitt  opposed  the 
resolution  ;  and  Mr.  Buxton  supported  it. 
—Mr.  O'Conneil  contended  that  toe  course 
adopted  towards  Ireland  had  been  calcu- 
lated to  injure  the  Protestunt  religion,  by 
keeping    the    people    in    ignorance,    and 
giving  to  their  religion  the  advantage  ever 
attendant  on  a  persecuted  &Ith.     Apply 
the   surplus  of  the    Church   revenue  to 
educating  the  ignorant,  and,  according  to 
the  expressed  opinions  of  the  Protestants 
themselves,    the    enlightened    Catholics 
would  soon  become  prost.-l^'tes   to  that 
faith.     On    these    grounds   he  repeated 
that,  both  as  Protestants  and  Statesmen, 
they  should  support  this  resolution. — Sir 
It.  Peel  addressed  the  Honse  at  consider- 
able length,  in  answer  to  the  various  argu* 
ments  which  had  been  brunght  forward  in 
support  of  the  motion.     'Ihe  Kight  Hon. 
Baronet  diclared  bis  decided  hostility  to 
appropriAting  any  portion  of  the  Church 
revenue  to  any  but  Church  puiposes.     He 
vras  willing  to  remedy  the  abuses  of  tbe 
Iri.«ib  Church  ;  but  he  called  upon  Hon. 
Members  to  refrain  from  pressing  a  mo- 
lion  simply  because  they  believed  it  mi^bt 
be  inconvenient  to  the  Govemnicnt-     lie 
declared  that,  should  the  efforts  of  the 
Opposition  prove  successful,  it  would  be 
impossible  for  him  to  remain  in  tbe  situ- 
ation   which    he   at   present  occupied. — 
LK)rd  J.  Huimll  having  replied,  the  House 
divided,  when  the    nimibers    were— for 
the    motion,  388;  against   it,  S89:  ma- 
jority igainst  Ministers,  33. 

ApfH  S.     Tbe  House  went  into  Com- 
mittee   on    tbe    subject    of   the    IftiiH 


31 


Cburcb  Revenues,  when  the  mnuutt 
was  opposed  by  Messrs.  Finrh  an4  -d. 
Jofinttone,  Col.  ConMy,  Sir  tl.  Batemti, 
Lords  Cattkrtngh  aaa  Sandon^  aiid  Mr. 
Sfuiw;  and  supported  by  Messrs.  S.  Cr«». 
ford,  Littleton,  and  Wi»e,  Dr.  Bo^rri^, 
and  Mr.  I/awet,-  after  which,  it  w«9 
agreed  to  adjouni  the  debate. 

.4pril  6.  After  aerersl  petition*  kaA 
been  presented,  Lord  J.  MtitaeU  mored 
that  the  House  again  resolve  into  a  Com- 
mittee on  his  resolution  re|pirdine  tbe 
luiBU  CuuACH. — An  extended  •nddesal- 
tory  discussion  ensued,  commenced  hj 
Mr.  BurUiuUk.  He  waa  followed  bj 
Messrs,  Baring  H'ail,  Lucas,  H.  Bmtmtr. 
and  Bainei,  tbe  Marqui»  of  (Aando^ 
others.  M'hen  the  Committee  divide^ 
the  numbem;  were — for  tbe  m»liiri« 
262;  against  it  237. 

The  House  then  resolved  into  •  Com- 
mittee on  tbe  Navy  Ebtlmjites,  for  tbe 
purpose  of  considering  those  grants  which 
were  immediately  neccsikry. 

April  7.      After  the  preaentatioo  of 
many  petitions,  and  the  postponement  of 
several  notices,  in  order  that  tbe  Iriah 
Church  question  migbt  be  again   broilgllt 
forward,  Mr.  Bemal  presented  the  report 
of  the   resolution   moved    bj    Lord  «/. 
RtutelL — On  the  motion  that  the  report 
be  agreed  to,  Sir  R.  Peel obaeryed  that  to 
occupy  the  House  with  any  diacuaaon  oa 
this  propoicitiou  would  only  be  to  waMt 
its  time ;  be  assumed  that  as  the  Home 
had  already  affirmed   tbe  resolution,  k 
was  prepared  to  do  so  again ;  and  that. 
therefore,   it  was  uselesa  to  engage  time 
with  any  discussion  on  it.     The  report 
of  tbe  resutution  was  then  read  and  agreed 
to. —  Lord  J.  Ruuell  then  moved  hi«  reao* 
lution  dechunatory  "  That  it  is  tbe  opinion 
of  the   House  that  no  measure  upon  tbe 
subject  of  tithes  of  Ireland  can  lead  to  a 
satisfactory   and  final  adjustment   whi^ 
does  not  embody  the  principle  contained 
in  tbe  foregoing  resolution."     His   Lord- 
ship supported  this  re<>olution  at  length. 
— Sir  //.   Hardingt  declared  that  if  tbe 
motion  were  carried  he  could  noi  under> 
take  to  embody  it  in  the  Tithes  (Irelaiid) 
Bill,  wbicb  he  bad  pmpowd  to  bring  for- 
ward.  — The  Chancellor  of  ^ 
resisted  the  present  motion 
eedented  ana  dangerous.      The  H( 
having  finally  divided.    Lord  J.  Rmat^t 
motion  was  curried  by  285  to  8S8 ;  maki^f 
a  majority  of  27  against  Ministers. 

AprU  8.  The  third  reading  of  th» 
Mutiny  Bill  having  been  read.  Sir  R.  P\ett 
rose  for  the  purpose  of  communiratine  to 
the  House  that  all  tbe  Ministers  oad 
tendered  their  resignations  to  his  M^eaty, 
and  that  they  now  only  held  the  scab  at 
oflicc  until  their   aacoeMon  abould  ke 


i 


Li 


1835.] 


Foreign  News. 


535 


Appotiitpd.  He  stated  tbat  the  motive* 
wliii-b  had  led  the  Ministers  lo  tender 
their  resigrmtions  were  founded  on  the 
continued  majoritieii  aguinf^t  them,  and  on 
the  final  adoption  of  b  principle  to  the 
canyingof  which  into  effect  tlie  Ministers 
could  l>e  no  party.  They  had  cotrtinined 
in  oflii'e  a«  tor>;  as  they  saw  any  chance 
of  eifectitally  and  honourably  promoting 
the  public  service,  not  allowing  di9|;fu«t, 
dirappointinentt  or  the  consideration  of 
prirate  feelings  to  have  any  weight  with 
them.  That  submission  ,  however,  had 
its  limit;  that  limit  they  had  now  ap- 
proached; for  lookinf^  to  the  little  pro- 


RTCBs  made  with  nublic  busineea,  and  the 
aediions  on  the  last  four  dcbfttes^  they 
■aw  that  the  time  had  come  for  them  to 
withdraw  from  further  contest.  The 
House  was  then  adjourned. 

jipril  18.  After  repeated  adjourn- 
ments the  House  met  this  day,  when  Mr. 
F.  Ifaring  moved  for  several  new  writ* 
for  the  respective  places  vacated  by  the 
new  Ministry,  under  the  Earl  oi Melbourne, 
for  a  list  of  which  see  the  list  of  Gazette 
Promotions. 

.4jir\l  20.  Af^er  some  additional  writ* 
bad  been  issued,  the  House  adjourned  lo 
the  12th  of  May. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


raANCE. 


The  American  Indemnity  Bill,  which 
reco^izes  the  payment  of  twenty-five 
miltion  francs,  on  account  of  vnrious 
•eimres  of  American  vessels  under  Na- 
poleon, has  bet-n  passed  by  a  large  ma- 
jority jn  the  Chamber  of  Deputies,  with 
the  amendment  of  General  Vaiiue,  to 
which  ministers  assented,  that  the  indem- 
nity is  not  lo  !)«  paid  until  after  the 
French  Government  shall  have  received 
•atisfactory  explanations  with  regard  to 
the  message  of  the  Pre.'ident  of  the 
Union,  dated  Dewmhtr  2,  1H34..  An 
American  ship  of  war,  the  Constitution, 
bad  been  waiting  at  the  Havre  to  take 
away  the  American  anihasndor,  in  cue 
the  Indemnity  had  been  rejected. 

srAiv. 

The  dril  war  in  the  north  of  Spain  is 
ttili  carried  on  without  ony  hopes  of 
being  brought  to  an  immediate  termina- 
tion, and  attended  at  the  same  time  with 
the  most  barbarous  cruelties.  Owing  to 
ill  health.  General  Mina  has  been  super- 
leded ;  and  Valdez  the  minister  of  war, 
has  proceeded  to  the  north  to  take  the 
military  command. 

The  British  Government  lately  de- 
spatched Lord  Eliot  to  the  Spanish 
frontiers,  for  the  purpose  of  negociating 
between  the  t\vo  belligerent  parties,  and 
arresting,  if  possible,  the  destructive  and 
barbarous  mode  of  warfare  with  which 
this  civil  contest  is  rarried  nn.  Both 
parties,  it  is  said,  have  rejected  the 
mediation  of  Lord  Eliot,  and  are  deter- 
mined to  continue  a  bloody  contest. 
The  latest  Parisian  journals,  however, 
■late  that  Russia,  Austria,  aud  Prussia 
have  resolved  toro-operate  with  England, 
in  putting  an  end  to  the  war  by  the 
adoption  of  measures  similar  to  those 
which    s«cured    the    independence    of 


Greece.  It  adds  that  Lord  Eliot  has 
been  vested  with  full  powers  to  that  effect 
^that  the  first  thing  proposed  is  the 
Union  of  the  Flags  of  Don  Carlos  and 
Queen  Isabel-^and  the  second,  that  a 
marriage  shall  take  place  between  the 
eldest  son  of  the  Prince  and  the  young 
Queen. 

poatuoAL. 

Dom  Augustus,  Prince  of  Portugal, 
( Duke  of  Leuchtenberg.)  who  twomonths 
ago  was  united  to  the  Queen  of  Portugal, 
is  dead.  He  expired  on  the  28th  .March, 
in  his  25th  year,  after  only  a  few  days' 
illness.  On  the  preceding  Sunday  ha 
attended  a  horse  race  at  Campo  Grande 
with  the  Queen,  and  on  the  day  after  was 
taken  ill  with  an  attack  of  quinsy  (said  to 
be  brought  on  by  throwing  off  bis  cravat 
when  much  heated),  and  on  Saturday  his 
death  occurred.  The  Chambers,  which 
were  sitting  when  informed  of  the  event, 
resolved  upon  supporting  the  Queen,  as 
well  against  "the  Miguelites  as  all  unar- 
chists." — It  was  reported,  amidfit  the  uni- 
versal gloom  which  this  melancholy  event 
ditTused,  that  the  young  prince  had  been 
poisoned  -,  and  aome  public  dlKturbances 
arose  in  consequence.  The  publication  of 
a  post-mortem  examination  of  the  body, 
however,  removed  all  suspicions  from  the 
mind<i  of  the  public.  His  remains  were 
deposited  on  the  .31st  in  the  church  of 
San  Vincente.  This  young  prince  was 
probably  one  of  the  richest  individuals  in 
Europe.  His  clear  yearly  income  from 
his  landed  property  in  the  Roman  States 
and  in  Bavaria  was  above  8 1 8,(XlUguiJden, 
or  60,000/.  steriing,  A  ttill  larger  sum  be 
was  said  to  command  as  interest  from 
the  immense  capital  he  possessed  in  dif- 
ferent countries,  left  him  by  his  father, 
the  late  Eugene  de  Beaubarnais,  which 
had   accumulated   during   his    minority. 


I 
I 

I 
J 


Foreign  and  Domestic  Occurrences. 


0^. 


I 


HOLLAND. 

The  olEcial  list  of  the  Dutch  Navy  haii 
just  bean  puhlisbrd,  h  ronsists  of  3j  ships 
of  &4  guns;  5  shipsof  74(cun8;  1  ship  of 
64  guii9  ;  a  <<hips  of  K)  p^uns  ;  16  ships  of 
44  guaa  ;  6  ships  of  32  gims ;  Vi  ships  of 
88  guns;  4  ships  of  2(1  ^uns;  9  ships  of 
16  guns  :  4  ships  of  14  guns;  I  ship  of  12 
guns ;  3  thipa  of  B  ^uns ;  4  8team>bMt&, 
and  4  transports Total  75. 

AD9TBU. 

The  Eroperor  of  Austria,  Francis  If, 
expired  on  the  2d  of  March,  in  the  68th 
year  of  his  age.  Tie  nscended  the  Impe- 
rial Throne  on  tht-  II  th  of  August,  1804, 
bnving  enjoyed  the  di/,'nity  of  King  of 
Hungary  and  Bohemia  for  twelve  yestra 
before.  He  iriBrried  successively  a  Prin- 
cess of  Wurieniburg,  a  Neapolitan  Prin- 
cess, an  Arclidui'heiiis  of  Austria,  atid  a 
Bavarian  Princess,  The  presetit  Empe- 
ror Ferdinand  Charles  Leopold  Joseph 
Francis  Marccllus  is  a  son  of  Francis  J  I. 
by  a  daughter  of  Ferdiiiiind  IV-  King  of 
the  Two  Sicilies.  He  is  now  in  bis  iid 
rear,  and  was  cro%vned  King  of  Hungtiry 
in  1831,  The  hitc  Emperor,  previous  to 
his  death,  reeomniended  his  sou  not  to 
make  any  change  in  hi»i  political  system, 
and,  id  moments  of  diflicuUy,  to  follow 
the  advice  of  the  King  of  Prussia. — The 
German  papers  also  bring  intelligence  of 
the  death  of  the  Archduke  Anthony,  the 
Emperor  of   Auslriu'a    uncle,    aged  5U, 


which  took  pUre  at  Vienna,  on  tha  Sdcf 

April. 

ITAtT. 

The  last  census  of  Rome  for  183i| 
the  number  of  parishes  54>i  SO 
1,424  priests,  l,8c>7  men  b«kmgii^(| 
ligious  orders,  1,369  women  of  the 
class,  696  seminarists  or  students  iaMk 
leges,  32,522  families,  210  Prore«tu(i«r 
Infidels  without  counting  Jews,  lOSJAl 
fit  for  communion,  41,4^  unfit,  1.339 
marriages,  4,4.54  baptisms,  S,480  4e•li^ 
7^456  men,  71,560  women — in  the  w*^ 
150,061  individuals.  The  increaae  pf  iW 
hist  year  over  1833  a  mounts  to  96  pcCMMt 
in  I b'i5  the  population  wns  only  I.'K^TV 
souls;  and  in  1820,  I44.S41. 

An  eiuption  of  Mount  VesuTin*  to«k 
place  on  the  13th  March,  accompuncJ  k; 
rnnarkahle  phenomena.  A  new  enter 
suddenly  opened,  and  vomited  ▼oluoica  cf 
smoke  luid  u  quantity  of  sttmes.  Oa  tke 
14th  the  bottom  of  that  opening  app«0ci 
illuminuted  vvith  tl.une»  of  di9erf>nt  oolgv^ 
nnd  a  frightful  noise  was  beard  mds* 
neatb. 

TVUKE.\-  AND   EOYrr. 

All  apprehension  of  hostilities 
these  two  power*,  at  lejist  for  the 
has  been  dis».ipiited.  MaluuueC  Ali  hm 
at  last  sent  the  tribute  so  long  experlK 
and  so  long  in  arrcar,  to  the  Sultan.  TTIi 
sum  thus  transmitted  amounts  to  liOjOOOL 
sterling. 


DOMESTIC    OCCURRENCES. 


LONDON  AND  ITS  VICr.KITY. 

Jictioration  of  the  Xave  of  St.  Saviour's 
Church.  —~'V/k  have  frequently  endea- 
voured  to  direct  the  attention  of  the 
public  towards  this  national  object,  for 
such  it  really  is,  viewed  merely  of  a 
splendid  monument  of  the  architecture 
of  our  forefathen;,  and  ns  an  oruament 
of  the  metropolis  of  the  British  empire. 
To  these  another  claim  is  added,  as  a 
noble  fane  appropriated  to  the  worship  of 
Almighty  God,  after  the  rites  of  the  re- 
formed church.  It  gives  us,  therefore, 
the  highest  satisfaction  to  learn,  that  on 
the  li^th  of  February  last,  a  highly  re- 
Bpectnble  meeting  of  clergy  and  laity  was 
held  in  the  vestry-room  of  St,  Saviours 
church;  Charles  Burilay,  Esq.  M.  P.  in 
the  chair,  supported  by  Richard  AUager, 
Esq.  AI.  P,  the  Venerable  Archdeacon 
Hoare,  the  Kcv.  Dr.  U'Oyly,  the  Kev. 
I>r.  Kenney,  Tboii^--^  s.,,,,.i,.^^  Eu{. 
F.S.A,    William    N  i  -q,,    the 

Rev.  William   Curiu  n  of  St 

11 


Saviour's),    the 
(cumtc  ot  the  sai 


Rev.    Samuel 
same),  the  Rev.  R.  BaOcji;  j 
A.  J.   Kempe,  Esq.   F.S.A.,   Andrrir 
Clark,  Esq.,  W.  Nash,  Esq.  Ace.  See. 

Mr.  Saunders  opened  the  procvcdiqn 
by  stating  to  the  meeting  tlvHi  t^bcaa* 
tiful  specimen  of  early  English  acdr* 
siostiral  architecture,  ihu  Ludjr  Oiapcl, 
at  the  east  end  of  St.  Sft%'iuur*»  iJ>uiil^ 
together  with  the  choir,  its  nu^niiem 
altar  screen  of  masonry,  the  north 
south  transepts,  and  the  tower,  bad  ' 
all  completely  restored,  and  that  th* 
choir  and  tmnsepts  were  now  ttord  Cor 
divine  service.  That  the  ••■u- 
and  transepts  bad  been  r* 
expense  of  the  parish, 
charge  of  the  ' 
srrefit  and  l..**'! 
1  ■      ■    .        It    .!.l.        ■,:■.: 


the  i> 
statv 


1836.] 


J)ome«tic  OevurnHcet. 


:\r 


is  highly  dcairnble  thnt  it  ihould  be 
apeedily  and  »u'tCab]y  repaired,  and  the 
df|H»HUorii*s  tor  llie  dead  therein,  pre- 
served mid  rescued  <roin  des^cnttion; 
th^it  ike  wbole,  or  »>ucli  part  ot  tlie  area 
or  the  lutve,  as  should  be  found  necrs. 
aary,  when  covered  in  and  repaired, 
might  be  appropriiited  to  the  purposes  oF 
Divine  service,  and  to  the  incrense  of 
ehiirdi  sitting*,  which  the  \ary^  popu- 
Inticxi  of  the  purii^h  iirgtiitiy  ref^uirc^. 

At  dubsequent  meeting*,  in  addition  to 
the   pentk'iiH'ij  nirt'udy  eniinu-ratod,    the 
following   wtre  nomiriBted.  toi^ether    to 
<eompoae  a  committee  in   fiirtliersnce  of 
I  tbe  above  ohjectR — the    Right  Hon.  the 
Lord  WuKinpham,  Archdeacon  of  Sur- 
rey;  the    Rev.    Dr.    Dcoltrj-;    the   Rev. 
Dr  Dnkins;  tbe  Rev.  Samuel  Wix;  the 
Rev.    W.  Munii;   John    Newman,    E*q. 
iF.S.A.;  Thomas  Furncomh.  Esq.;  John 
i  Richards,  Esq.   M.  P. ;    Charles   Pott, 
Esq.;   J.  B.  Nichols  Esq.  Ace. &c. 

A  circular  letter  was  addressed  to  th« 

cleixy  throughout  tbe  dioi-eac  of  Win- 

lebester,    requesting   their    Hx^istHiicc    in 

promoting,   ihroiiRh   their  respective  pa- 

rnahci,  tt  fiiibiicription,  to  bv  limited  to  a 

■ingle  guinea,   from  ouch  individuals  re. 

lident  therein,  a<i  might  be  willing  to  for. 

ird  so  excellent  a  work. 

CireumHtanceH  are  daily  arising,  which 

Innder  the  mexiitire  im}>erHlive1y  a  piibhc 

[4uty.  und  the  ni^iect  of  it  a  conspicuous 

jdjsgriice  to   the  good  taste,  ^oikI  sen«!«, 

KMid    right    feeling   of    our    eountrynien, 

[The  old  buildings  comprising  tbe  otFices 

kf  tbe  priory  of  St.  Mary  Overy,   have 

rn  recently  demolished.*  and  the  un- 

l^htly  biick  facings  with  wliirrh  the  ex- 

Brior  ot  the  vvulk  of  (he  luive  have  been 

Epaired  in  noodeni  d«y»,  are  cX|>osed  to 

iew.  *o  that  this  importsnt   |>ortion  of 

')e  noble  edifice,  externally  a<«  internally, 

emaiidi)  a  thorough  re«toration  and  re- 

»ir.      Viewed    in    connexion    with    the 

Magnificent  new  bridge,  its  present  con- 

'ition  is  indeed  most  deplorably  unbar. 

■oniou.*.    Surety,  the  spirit  of  the  British 

lOblic  will  not  sutTiT  such  a  blot  to  re- 

lin  in  the  architectural  features  of  this 

great  metropolis  ? 

The  good  work  has  been  tm\j  legum 
by  tbe  restoration  of  the  Lady  Chapel ; 
and  even  tlierv,  when  the  important  part 
was  effected  by  the  generosity  and  leal  of 
individual!!  from  the  community  at  large, 
a  few  iron  ruils  and  a  little  gravel  seem 
to  have  been  begrudged  by  the  local  au- 
thorities dcccnffy  to  inclose  and  put  in 
ler  the  portion  of  the  cemetery  east  of 
!  chapel,  and  by  that  mean.*  give  an  «p- 

tbe  communication  of  our  cor- 
nt  A.  J.  K.  (p.  W.^ 
w.  Mac.  Vol..  in 


peannce  of  neolnest  and  propriety  to  the 
space  immediately  contiguous  to  (hat  gem 
of  early  eccieisiasticul  architecture. 

Every  passenger  over  London-bridge 
will  bear  testimony  to  the  truth  of  this 
remark,  and  wc  tnist  thnt  the  subject  of 
these  observations  in  gent-rul,  will  timelj 
and  cffeciuully  meet  with  that  atten- 
tion and  support  from  patriots  in  matters 
of  taste,  which  they  obviously  should 
command. 

On    the    26th   of   Jantiary  latt    waa 
opened    the    Collrgiate  School  of   Cam- 
berreells  an  institution  newly  established, 
with  the  view  of  utiiting,  at  a  moderate 
expense,  not  only  a  good  education  with 
sound  religious  principle,  but  also  the  ad- 
vantages of  a  public  achool  with  the  do- 
mestic care  and  parertiMl  supenntendenco 
of  private  tuiuoit.     I'be  itihtitution,  for 
which  an  elegant  Gothic  building    has 
been  erected  in  the  Grove,  is  calculated 
for  tbe  reception  of  t»vo  hundred  pupils. 
Nearly  hitlf  that   number  have    already 
been  entered,  and  the  friends  of  the  es- 
tablishment are    sanguine   in   their    ex- 
pectations of  success.     In  the  absence  of 
the  bishop  of  the  diocese,  the  president, 
the  Rev,  J.  G.  Stone,  M.A.   vicar  of 
Camberwell,  presided   at   the  ceremonj 
of  opening  the  school,  when  an  inaugur 
address  was  delivered  by  the  head  mas-1 
Icr,  the  Rev.  J.  A.  Gile.i,  M.A.  late  feUl 
low  of  Corpus  Christi  coll.    Oxford.^* 
The    Committee  of   Management,  con- 
sisting of  the  vicar,  tbe  Itev.  H.  Melvill,] 
tbe   Rev.   T.  Dale,   the    Rev.   M.  An-5 
derson,  the   Rev.  S.  Smith,  and  several, 
of  tbe  lay-members,  dined  after\vards  at 
the  Grove-bou*e,  with  a  numerous  and 
select  body  of  tbe  friends  of  the  iusti« 
tution.     The  course  of  education   pur- , 
sued  at  this  establishment,  compnses  re« 
ligious  instruction,  according  to  the  doc- 
trines  of  the   church  of    England,    the 
Latin,    Greek,  and  Hebrew,  as  well  ■• 
the  modern  languages,  inathematics,  aritlw , 
mctic,    geography,    history,    with    every , 
other  bmncli  ut  u<<eful  and  polite  learn* , 
ing.     The  liberality  with  which  all  ita 
provisions  have  been    framed,    and  tbe 
zeal  which  has  been  manifested  by  every 
one   connected   with  it,   give    the    moat 
Hattering    Lo|ies     that    toe     Collegiate 
School  will  soon  occupy  a  leading  sta. 
tion  among  the  institutions  which  have 
lately  been    erected  on  the  Mine  prin. 
ciples. 

At  a  late  meeting  of  tbe  Comroon 
Council,  a  motion  was  carried  by  a  larga 
majority,  that  "  the  aldermen  hereaftef  ^ 
to  be  elected,  shall  be  elected  iieriodicallj 
every  seven  years.*  A  copy  of  the  t*. 
solution  wai  afterwards  ordered  to  be 
SZ 


Domestic  Orciirrt*«w. — Theatricml  Register, 


frnt  to  the  Comniuionen  for  inquuing 
into  ("orpormtionii. 

IVTELIJGESCK   FKOM   TABIOl'B  PABTI 
or  THE  I'OrSTBY. 

Vorporat'toH  Rtpittt.  The  Commisstoiw 
era  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  state 
of  the  Slunici|wl  Corporations  of  England 
and  Wales,  have  made  their  report,  after 
a  long  and  patient  investigation ;  and  not> 
withstanding  the  obstarles  \i-ith  which 
they  have  iiad  to  contend,  they  have  pro- 
duced a  mass  of  \-aluable  information, 
tending  to  show  the  state  of  nerversion 
and  abuse  into  which  many  of  the  Coqio- 
ratioiis  have  fallen.  The  Report  states 
that  the  most  striking  defect  in  the  con. 
stitution  of  the  Municipal  (.'oqtorations 
is,  that  the  (Corporate  Bodies  have  an 
existence  distinct  from  the  communities 
in  which  they  are  found.  The  Corpora- 
tions  look  upon  themselves,  and  are  con- 
sidered by  the  inhabiunts,  as  separate 
and  independent  communities ;  in  fact,  in 
most  places  all  identity  of  intere»u  be- 
tween the  (Corporation  and  inhabitants 
has  disup]>eiired.  To  maintain  the  |)oli- 
tical  ascendancy  of  a  party,  or  the  politi- 
cal influence  of  a  family,  has  been  the 
one  end  and  object  which  has  been  s}'ste- 
nutically  pursued  in  the  admission  of 
freemen,  resident  or  non-resident,  in  the 
selection  of  municipal  functionaries  for 
the  Council  and  Magistracr,  in  the  ap- 
pointment of  subordinate  oAcers  and  the 
local  police,  in  the  administrutiun  of  cha- 
rities, in  the  expenditure  of  cor]iorBte  re- 
venues, and  in  the  management  of  corpo- 
rate projwrty.  The  Rt-jwrt  furtlier  ob- 
serves, that  where  Corporations  exist  in 
their  most  perfect  form,  and  are  moat 
rightfully  administered,  they  are  inade- 
quate to  the  wants  of  the  present  state  of 
society.  In  their  actual  condition,  when 
not  productive  of  positive  evil,  they,  in 
the  great  majority  of  instances,  exii>t  for 
no  |>ur{>ose  of  general  utility.  The  ])cr- 
version  of  municipal  institutions  to  poli- 
tieiil  ends,  has  occasioned  the  sacrifice  of 
local  interests  to  party  pur)Hisrs,  which 
have  Ix'cn  frenuontly  pursued  tbrongh  the 
corruption  and  demoralisation  of  the  elec. 
lorHl  Iiodies.  That,  in  conclusion,  the 
existing  Municipal  Corpomtions  of  Eng- 
land and  Wales  neither  possess  nor  de- 
serve the  confidence  and  resjiect  of  the 
•■ommiinity,  and  that  a  thorough  reform 
must  be  effected  )>cfore  they  can  become 
what  they  ought  to  be,  useful  and  effi- 
cient instruments  of  local  Goveniment. 

The  Rn<enue. — April  b. — From  the  of- 
ficial return  of  the  income  and  expencK- 
ture  of  tlie  last  year,  it  appears  that  the 
general  income  of  the  country,  owing  in 
a  great  measure  to  the  reduction  of  the 
asstssed  taxes,  is  leu  than  the  preceding 


[M«y, 


year"  by  751,5777.  Tbe  cartciB*,  kow^ 
e%'er,  show  an  improvenenC  upon  the  jmt 
of  8.4b7.3n(NL:  but  tbeexcue  dotica  bate 
fallenSofft.793;,8eU  The  staaqi  dwia* 
are  less  this  yt»  by  80,9871.  u  tboae  cf 
the  |»ost-office  are  better  bjr  IS^OOQL 
Under  the  bead  of  aaseaaed  tazrc.  the 
defalcation  ia  to  the  amount  of  AS^ISL 

_TH£ATRICAL  RE6ISTEJL 

DBCTBY  IJINE.  " 

April  20  An  Easter  Mrfa-Hrw^ 
under  the  title  of  The  Sote  Fb^grrt  «« 
produced.  The  \  chief  heroes  d(  th« 
).iect>  were  two  miliury  officers,  who  \mk 
lieen  with  Wolfe  at  Quebec,  Bad  «h» 
undertake  to  recruit  their  finanen  ia 
peace  by  the  desperate  espedicnC  «f 
forgini;  bank-notes,  and  paaaiiy  them  «ff 
at  the  gamini^  table.  Two  nmple  coob- 
try  youths  win  the  notes  «t  plaj;  aal 
the  diflSculties  into  which  they  hrrniBf 
inrolved,  form  the  main  ineidenu  of  die 
plot  It  was  nther  a  heavy  rirfiwBWBiia, 
and  but  coolly  received. 

tOVBKT  CABDBN. 

AprU  80.  The  new  Eaater  «ieeo«» 
a  romantic  Meio-dnma,  entitled  CM> 
milAaii,  or  the  IJnmned  Crew,  uder  the 
superintendence  of  Mr.  Farler,  and  ■!. 
tribttted  to  the  pen  of  Mr.  Fiuball.  The 
whole  machinery  is  of  a  aupcrfaaaMi 
character — the  scene  being  iMoat  ■  the 
bottom  of  the  ocean,'  and  the  diief  hci9 
of  the  plot  being  an  oldhiirBle,  who  «M 
doomed  to  live  in  the  hull  of  his  ow» 
snnken  \-esacl,  aroongat  his  dead  eon- 
rades,  until  he  could  neet  with  aone 
unfortunate  dope,  whom  he  could  ai^ 
stitote  in  his  own  place.    Ahhoi^  the 

1'iierc  was  full  of  extraTMgant  inpooihi. 
ities,  it  excited  much  intereat,  aad  was 
announced  for  repetition  Bmidst  genaial 
appii 


CNCI.I8H   OPEBA   HOITIB. 

April  80.  The  spirited  proprietor  of 
this  theatre  produced  not  less  than  three 
Raster  pieces.  The  first  was  an  apera, 
from  the  pen  of  Miss  Mitford,  ftwihdcd 
on  an  Eastern  tale,  called  Sadak  and  A"*. 
Intrude,  or  The  ff'aterM  nf  OMviom.  TTie 
music  was  hv  Mr.  Packer,  a  pu]]4I  of  the 
Ro}-al  Arademy,  which,  however,  was 
so  indifferent,  that  the  whole  performanc* 
at  the  conclusion  was  virtually  eoa. 
deroned.  The  second  production  vaa  a 
little  comic  interiude,  named  Mif  FeOom 
clfrk,  which  was  full  of  humour,  and  welt 
received.  The  third  piece  was  entitled 
The  Shadow  on  the  H'aU,  the  scene  whew 
the  plot  is  laid  being  a  particular  SffOt, 
supposed  to  be  haunted.  The  itoi^  has 
a  good  deal  of  romantic  inteiaet*  «• 
piece  was  announced  for  repetitiaM.< 
out  a  dissentient' voice. 


PROMOTIONS,   PREFERMENTS.&c. 


GaXETTE  Pa03*OTJON8. 

Marrh  t6.  Lii?ul.-0:>l.  Jatio  tU^tin-:!  Mair,  lo 
b«  LiruL-UoTTQur  of  iI<f  l^l.<tiii  ofGrrqid*. 

Miixli  i7.  Caia»[re^m  C<ml  Gu4r<1»,  Ci't.  tUc 
Mofi.  Thut.  A»lih«rtil>«iu,  to  he  C<ip(.  aud  Licuu- 
Colouel. — Xli  Fori,  LiFul.-Uvn.  Sii  C.  Colvilic, 
t-ttli  Kp«.  to  b«  Co). —  iJtIi  TcNn,  C4|ii.  £.  T. 
Troo*on,  tdlK  M<j. — I4l)>roul,0*ii.  (Ii<r  llou.  Sir 
JL.  Hopr,  *7tlt  Ue(  lo  Ik;  Coooel.  —  «7I>1  Fo«t 
Lieal.Ui'O.  Sir  W.  Anfnn,  Ban.  *ud  K.CB. 
tffiUi  Hc<.  lo  be  Colooel. — 61.11I)  Fuot,  Licul..U*ii. 
K.  Bttinu  u>  b«  Coi  — C»-yii.t>  Ue#.  M»jor  J, 
llnrplifnon,  iMh  llrt.  to  l>e  Lirut.-Col. 

Marib  ii>.  L>ru<,-Uc«.  the  Hou.  Sir  £<l«riird 
«Ui|iKirtl,  in  be  U.C.B.— .M«jor-tirr..  the  Una  M. 
KiB|.to  be  K.C.D.  li.C  U.— Juliii  Cr<bb  !««■<«, 
'CM).  10  iw  StcTttnry  MtuI  Clerlt  of  rlie  Crown  111 
J)*t  Virtia  ItUnd*. — J«hn  Moutafu,  eM).  to  be 
Jhcelxty  ■»4  Kcfutxir  of  ilie  KeconJt  io  Van 
Sieiiea't  Lauil. 

Kiiiglilvd,  at  f>uMin.  IJrut.-CaUnel  Charlei 
11.  Haaitica,  &tew«rd  rtf  Lord  L>cut.'i  Houtehold  . 
%ViJttam  O'Maixy,  et^.  KnttRo    Hili  Reg. 

AprtI  1.  Tho«.  Ff»i».  Elliot,  ««q.  to  be  .Seere 
.fry  lo  tCurl  Amlient,  ai  Higli  Con>aiu»toacr  in 
I>9«rer  Caaad* 

KiDtlilcd.  Henry  J.  Lerke,  ctq.  Ciipt.  fi.N. 

April  «.     Sir   n.    l^U-kel,  to  be  Ha   Mm)t*\y» 

I.CiTil    Coiiiini»«4iMi*r    to    (<ki.-    po«»»'»ilon    of  the 

Uiaod    or  St,  Helena,  on   behalf  of   lilt  Majesty, 

ylind  to  adnioiltrr  the  rinl  aff^iri  of  that  Ul\iid. 

April    3.     David    Davte»,  («q.  lo  M  noe  uf  (lie 

Borteont  of  hit    MajeMv'^    penun. — i>*tli    Fool, 

llMajor  K.  Nirboll,  tn  be  Licul  -Col  — Capt.  J.  U*. 

iBcr«Brd.  to  be  M<jor. 

April  7.     Tl»e   Ki..  Hon.  Sir  C.  B"tot,    G.C.B. 
bio  tmmt  hit  Majeaty't  coiif  ratuUtlooi  to  the    nrw 
'Emp«ror  of  Au«lri>. — Hon.  Chat.  Atbhurnham, 
_  J»b*  Strrelary  to  Hii  Majetly's  Leolion  to  the 
It/nkled    Memeaa   Siat#i.  —  Jame*   WiUoa,  c*q. 
be  Chiei  JuJ«e  in  the  Maufiliui. 
Apnl  6.    T.  C.  Siinmonv  c^q.  to  be  a  Centlc- 
»ao  at  Armt.— R4^it  Hoa    Aleaander  Uailof,  of 
^fhe  Graittp,  fl.nlk,  cieattd  Uaroo  A>libuil0u,  of 
khbtirtoti,  Devon. 
April    I),     s.r  Wtllum   Buroetl,    M.D.  tt>  be 
■of  H>«  Maj««|>'i  riTyticiaov  In  Ofdinaiy. 
k^l  17.     91b  Foot.  Major  A.  B.  Taylor,  lo  be 
^aiajur. 

April  M.  Eut  Kent  MiliiU,  M^or  C.  H.  Tv- 
r,  to  he  Li«uL-Cul. — Uapt.  J.  P.  Lade,  lo  be 
Ir^or. 

VucoQQl    Lonth«r,   Marqui*   of   Bute,   lle^r- 

Idm.  S<rT.M.  Hardy.  Bait. O.C.B., Geo.  Kkh. 

~i>h»aM«i,    r»q.,  Aaroo  Chapmao,  e*q.,  C'lpt.  F. 

■ufort,  md  Octaviat  Wi(ram,  cx)    U>  be  Hit 

jr'i   Commitviooert  for  UM|diriag    into  tbe 

r»  *cpe«liag  Piiot«. 


The  Nfiw  Ministky.  April  IS  and  20. 

Ot  Ihe  Cabinet;  Lord   MHboitine,  (n  b«  Fmt 

'lord    of  tha    Tre^Miry  .     I.-.f  I  J.iU.i    K.j^^fll,  9e. 


1^ 


Synrn    l(.f<-,    Ctiani  r  II'T    of    Ihr    t.'hrqurr; 
llfht  Hon    9if  J.    H.jiihouir,    PrMni./..'.   of  the 

rd    .if  {^.nr.■..i.      V,.n.jr,|     t1.,„r..„„o,>.     ril.rf 


Lord*  Comrni*) loner*  of  th*  Grenl  Sval ;  Sir  JoH« 
Campbell,  Altorney-eenrril  ;  Mr.  Ralfe,  Solicitor- 
groeralj  M'.CulUi  T  ,it- 

Cciieral;   Marq.  of  *  e» 

ral;  .S.r  H.  P-r..eil,  .     .  ,,,,...- 

taier  of  ti.e  Navy  .  I.m..i  \t.,iii^\r,  |.,,,|  i.ieu- 
leoaut  of  Irrlaod:  Lt^ril  flaukrt,  L'lrd  Clian- 
cellur  of  Irclan.l  ;  .Mr.  Periin,  AtturDrytruiml 
for  li^laod,  Mr.  O  Lou«hliu,  Sol.riior-erneral 
fiH  Ireland  ;  Mi.  JoImi  A.  Murray,  lAci  Ad.  oute 
of  Scotland;  Mr.  Ounlrihame,  Suliciloi-facaerai 
tor  .Scoitacid  ;  Lt^rtl  Srymuui,  .Mr.  Onl,  ami  Mr. 
K.  Stcuail,  Lord*  of  il,e  Trca^my;  Lord  Aurk- 
land,  Adin.  Ada.n,  A'tm.  Sir  W.  I'artcer,  C.pl. 
Hou.  a.  Elliott,  14. N.,  S.r  E.  T.  Troubridce, 
•nd  Lord  Oalmeny.  Lord*  of  t^>e  Ad<»iialty; 
Sir  Rufaiie  Donkio,  Suiveyor-titi-cral  of  the  tJid- 
nanre  ;  Colonri  Lriil.    H'v,  -  .rd. 

nanrc;      LiaUt.>Cr>l.     Fo«,  .1; 

IL  Labuucheie,  ex|.  Vire  I'  -<rd 

of  Trade  an!  .Matter  of  the  ^!■1J!. 

Secrrtarift — Irelaad,  \  itrounl  Morpeth;  Tre** 
tuiy,  K.  Barinf.  evi.  E.  J.  Stantry.  CM).  ;  Adiot- 
rally,  Oiarlei  VVoo.l,  cm).;  Board  of  Control,  U. 
GO'dnii,  •■'!).  and   ti.  V,  Smith,  ett). 

Undei-Srcrrl.r.r.,    ..f  s.  .»r  — )|.    ... 
Maule;  Colo.. 

Pnv4ti'    .s.  ' 
Toune  ;  to  I     ■ 
to  Mr.  Slanl.y,   Lr<a.  A:bi,ti.Ui->t,  f  .  [. 

H<>ir>rliuld, — L<iid  Chaiilarriain,  Marquit  W(|. 
Ie»ley  ;  l>ord  Steward.  Uitkc  of  Atcyll ;  M«>trr 
of  the  Honr,  Earl  of  Alhcmarlo,  Master  of  lh« 
Batk-houiiiii,  fjiTi  of  E'rol;  Ca|.lallk  of  tb« 
Yeoman  of  tlic  Guard,  E<rl  of  frutfurd. 

Memhert  returned  to  lerve  in  Parliament. 

t>fx>ehtdn. — A.C  ODwyer,  «»q  re-elected. 
NaKmghum.Mtrr. — Henry  GAliy  Koight.  e>q, 
f/otttnghmm.—ilL  Hon.  Sir  J.  Hobhouae,  teel. 


Hoo.  Po« 

L, 

ne,  Mr. 

'>tP.C«a4.; 


Ecclesiastical  Phefuuiskts. 

Rev.  H.H.   M.lman,  t»a  Preb.  la  Wen.  Abbey ; 

wilh  the   Cnurch  of  St.  Mar|.  Writ.  aot,ea«d. 
Rev,  A.Jerem.e.  ttetJ.  in  Lhi'OI"  •'•thfdial. 
Rev.T,  Albott.  Dearihury  V.  co.  York. 

Rev,  Andrrvjn,  RalliDrnlic  U.  eu.  Mayo. 

Rev.  E.  Billlaoi),  Kirkhanch  V.  ro,  Northumh. 
Rev.  C.  Birch,  Sawtrj-  All  {-iaint'*  R.  Hanli 
RaT.  J.  Ihifton,  Rilliottoo  V.  YfMk»hire. 
lUy.  W.  W.  Duncan,  C^ur^h  of  O.r.eo.  Pnnif. 
Rev.  J.  Thomat  Eadei,  AbtKitlt  Ma<tr>n  B.  Wofc. 
Rev.  T.  F.eld,  Hettint^irdbuiy  M.  Heitfnrd. 
Rr«.  W.  Flower,  Kirkbridt-  R.  Cumiieilaad. 
Rev.  T.  Former,  .Alston  V.  co.  Wori  e»lrr. 
Her.  W.  S   Goddard,  Wherwcll  It.  Hantt. 
Rrv.  H.  E.  firaiiain,  Ludfvau  K.  C.>ruvalL 
Rrv.  E.  .M.  Hacker,  Sandford  V.  Uaoo. 
Uer.  J.  H.tfirlct,  Atwick  V.  ro.  York. 
ttrt.  W.  Holmet.  Ftitrham  P.O.  Norfolk, 
Rev.  G.  Kint,  St.  Liwrence  R.N'orw.rK. 
Rev.  R.  Haulrvrrer.  Tipperarv  R.  eo.  Tippcnry. 
Rr».  \VV  A.  NorT    u.  ,M  ijattm/R.  «iifrolk. 

Hcv.J.  I  Norwich. 

Rev.-  ..U. 

Rev.  (  ■". 

Rev.  C.  H    H  M.i.t.. 

Rtv.  A.  Hoc  iflolk. 

K,,,.    <;  ,  V.  -Nolt*. 

-'  r.'ho  R.  0««b 
I".  C.  Uutham. 


Vil'hy     o'    L.urotir.      JLi-jl'         uI    l"-i 
Lord  I'letident    of    the    Covnrll  ;    Lord 

.rr.-l.r_v     -r     \W,  .     R.c    c    H'm,      C       P 


k. 


•  npUllu. 
Il«rrr. 


tilt.  JuU^M  of  Uit.    Xluf'a  fieuih.    lo 


H-.v.  1.  WiUoo,  HjI««U  V.  *oiufr*et. 


Prtmotigma,  i^r.—iUrfit  mmd  Mvrwga. 


Chaplacc*. 


540 


Rr*.  J.  Erf«.  f>«y<iii  t»  E«r! 

■•».  T.    GnAlta.  to    Uc   tecwtw   of  A 

BraaM. 
Sn.  br.  S.  Mar  Ci:i.  to  kc  ew  of  ITa  Majcatr '• 

f  *«p<M»i  la  Ortf-aafy  la  VmIi— c. 

CmL  PunuonB. 

Mr.  C.  C«Brr»ei#.  Heal  MmIr  af  tl»  Fl«K 
Orramar  »<itooJ  of  B'>(f.  lo.  LiacaU. 

■«*.  P'.  »«iridf ,  Hr>4  Mmlcr  of  ue  TTrMi 
aar  Scbaoi  «  I'oMfd.  Ebmx. 


Pfcf. 


BIRTHS. 

A^l  t.    At  B^H*;v  Hn  Ma^cf.)  ttc  QMta 

•f  the  brigiaas,  a  too. 

iaa.  U.    At  Moaaofltfi.  im  wilr  b.'  ta*  K««. 

^-  T.   ll>aan,  lata  S:a«eaT  •(  Crrn  ca.  a  mm. 

Fa.  I».    At  >ea4ia(.  tM  v.fr  cf  Jana  B-ck. 

•r«S  jaa.  r^-  r.9..4.  a  m«. 

Manfe  19.     A:  tna   VKafaf*,  fffcalar.  th« 

Wife  af  the  lev.  G.  T.  taaia.  a  «oa. IW  «a 

■f  E.  Bal-«r,  ei^.  M  P.  a  «aa. .<-.    la  l.afco 

■mat.  WeitataMrr,  lb*  U4}  af  ««r  W.  W.  Fm- 

Itt!,  SolicUt^.t«G«raJ.  a  «aa. At  N«p«l.    fc 

Boa.  Mri.  HcMfT  Araa<1cll.  a   kaa ...    TW 

Wife  of  Alesaatfrr    Adair,  tiq.    o<   Hca:n«n<->- 

park.  $o  I  rrict.  a  to-i  ^V     lB*o•'.^  Ava-r^- 

Mrtct,  Lhc  Couatru  i>(  Caw<l<'S.  a  tos <•    A: 

C  'iienhan,    l-e    mi'r    of    C«p».   I.   C.     Utf. 

R.K.  a4aa. At  >:okc  ^«rv  Batksl'VVi.c 

aftac  Hod.  aad  B««.  S  larx  tp.4aipfiio  l>-6vrar. 

a  iwa. <y.     la  t^«  Cow   of  Swan.  ie«  «ifc 

t«f   *  •    «     f«i.e,  r>^    a  <iaa. >  .    At  (.a  Vt-r- 

acc  H'>a<«.   Uaritisoiui,  t;  c   ■  fc   af  U «  Rcr. 
Wh.  Horradaiir.  a  daa. 

L-  <   •       U  oitn^(.<  r.*trc«t.  thr  lady  of  J.  B. 

Ho),  rs|.  M.P.  a  »oa. .a  Dak-.a.  trie  vifa  o: 

Cap-.  M.'iM'k  Matua,  R.^.  a  %om;  aod  a  fr*  da«i 
af.   '.  la  E -lOQ- •^oa'c.  Loedoe,  t"«  «:ir   nf  ttt 

krotlKi.    »<r    Uee.   Urn,  Bart.   M.P.  a  loa  acd 

kcu. la  Biikrirv-*^.    tne  viic  of  A.   Sxiu, 

c«q.  M.P  .a  daa. 

Apnl  4.     At   E«<i  Hnr«:c>  rcrtorv.  t^«   Hoa. 

M.-i.    A.    Pc'crral.    a    daa- 1-     A:  '.re    Hon. 

Lady   Maart't,  K-chaoad-paik.  Laoj    Vrrr    Ca- 

■naa,   a  win  aad    teir. .     la  Bnit''r,  Via. 

caaatrat  Co.-ry,  aaoa  aad  ne:r. :9.    At  Kai'. 

Cuurt,   lo.    Ilrrr'ofd,    I-ad}    Wa  *.-kaa,   of  l«ia 

d  ati'frt.-— — tj.     la  Ciie<(fr.«U«et,  Uroticarr. 

ptacr,  I  r  Hoc.  Mrt.  Ad*a«.  a  *oo. la  Cyai- 

torlaad-nrcct,  pi-rtfaa  «^.  t)«  «ifr  cif  J.  F>  .iWa. 

OH    **  W.ttoa  Hoa<#.  Lacra«'-rr*,  a  daa. ::. 

At  Weyvooth.  UdC  lad}  or  Mr  Hear;  BiacLwood, 

Bart,  a  daa. 


MARRIAGES. 

Marrh  1.  At  Cnapri  cd^Ir,  lailrton.  Mr. 
Jona  AtkiBMtD.  iJ  S«:t  ti«.  Ou.;l.l-r*^•w,  to  Marr, 
aaly  daa.  ui  i.ir  Kr.  Ti>a.  Prottor.  or  C<al:-park. 

Hortoa-iB-RibUftdaie.  Tark>r:;rr. lo.  At 

Cariy  Ri*ei-.  Mtr-^ttti,  uc  Rc«.  Hrarr  Ai. 
fbrd.  Iw  Faaay  0<*.  w  ocd  dauf  Hr  o' the 
B««.  kaiBuvi  Aifur**,  o'  H»a>  HouM.  ——II. 
At   'laubl-iii,  F.<ii».  Lo<k,  c>4    \t    Louita,  third 

d«a.  «f*ir  H.  Nrpi>ii.(v ;i.   K'.  0»f  i-oi.  tti« 

Ra*.    H.    DawtOD,  rcrior  cf  Hcpcn,.,  Suflbtk,  to 

Swaa  Rckcco,  dau.  of  ti-clatc  Bcr.  J.  J.ikaaa, 

factor  of  Atr I.  y.  co.  Caab. At  Bn^btwM  ,  Ot- 

fordit:.  tl«  Kci.  Ed.  Jrr^ti**.  cf  Dfc«>lc:(«taa. 

Drvan.  to  E-nma,  Ui.id  dau.  of  Vm  laic  fcr  Wm. 

■tncUaad. Bl.  of  BcyDioa,  Yorktn. A.  EpMa. 

M.  W.  R.  Wnt«ar.ji  Hj'.>«y,  of  Hrolrr   Park, 

mmnj,  nq  to  Carnliar.  ic«aad  daa.  of  £.  Whit. 

iWtfr,  of  lAm»arditR«t.  «f9 At  C!arv,  Saf- 


fc>U.T.  B. 

«•  M«-ia  Aaa.  aMat 

•*  C\at%. ;l.  At 

U»    c/ 

•»T    dac«suT    of  J. ,   ., 

p-i^iky.  Hfm-Gn.  tatiaaa.  «r  —jin   ■_  ^ 
m»mn.  ta  Lm«.  cMnt  d^.  ^  tiw   Km.  la^ 

Haa    Foa» At  St.    Man-'K    BraMm. 

2^  Kia«  S.>Tk.aM«.CB«.  w  d«a  HaM  OHfc. 
r«M  Ma(«taa«.  da«.  af  tac  lata  K.  F.  M*. 
fc«««,  •!«-  af  " 
Cirat   Warii 


R.  Aa^rr**,  m*.  at  Cffv 


.«t 

»««pt»*«l!.  Dnkjl^taic.  ea  Air'«,  •Sh'S^  S 

l*r*t.4;aa.    Boa^aa.  af    Wanyphii, ik 

At  EwhrrtM.  Bm«s  Jaka  ITa«ilai.  tidtm  m. 
•JMa-»  Cm.  R  a.  ta  Kalkanw.  taMfiR  ««. 

»p .  Bed*. M.  At  St  Gcarte-K  Cf«.  Mrfftfak 

.V.r.  Ca  dKT«a«  Gaardi,  la  Amac  ■* —  af  ■. 
Hoa.-T.  e«,    aa^  aoa  (r,B4(*d«  af  Str  r    '   fl 

Cr-.t  Hm».  B<rt.  •.'  <waf*«ad,  W »'.-». At  tl. 

Ma:X-'«t's  Wntaimear.  Cape  LaUaac.  af  •■ 
F(c««£  Roya.  Ea«iaccn,  la  Swak  ia^  «m^  if 

W.  Uu  Oea.  S^S.  BraBka*^ AiScOmm^ 

Haaaan-i^aarc.  tac  Rn.  H.  Miit  i  a»u,  Jr. 
OeerxcV-Lil,  Saarrvtahkic.  ta  Mdv.  Maaad 
da.,  o.'  P.  J    Mun.  «t^  af  Lf^a  Cmmn,  Sa- 

■CT^ttiwrv.    M.p.  far  Bnuat.  SCk.    At  fc. 

Marv'v  Bry-aaara^t^  N.  Goidw^  ca«.  af  tm- 
€oim%  la>.  taE;«.  «aa.  of  t^  lata  T.  Bm^oa. 

o'  Spr.acfrc**.  Keat. «!.    At  l^iir^i,  ifet 

Rr«.  J.  F.  A.ir;-9a.  ts  H««a  Manai.  m^  ^M 
a'  t.  «  t.u  Br  C-.OCB.  A:t»ar  Gore.  •■«  ■,««  af 

Vr«.A«-a.-a:   *..-   J.    fMT* A< 

Bonr.Mo'y.  J.    A.  M0.I0,  n^.  af  St.  Aa 
p-a(c  Kct«-:  v»<rk.  to    Aai 
dau.  of  rr«    a»  T 
E«df  <r4  ii<c*. 

La!r'>      A:  B.'K  ih*  Ha*.  F.  A. 
Lire  Oaard*.  -.o  M  •!  G'aat.  aaa.  ^  J 
k.t  «T.  Rnrbraat.  KC.B.4c. 

Ar-.i  ..     At  Drpcord.  Cape.  Wa. 
Ca«t «.  R.N.   to  Ea'aa.  daa.  af  Cape  SwJidM 

H. .    R.N    .1.     .*;     .41,  So,:..    MiijlifcKi, 

Ma.<ar  F.  H  L  ««d  Rt  krocMr  to  Sn  Rawiai^ 
H  .  .  Bart.  ;o  Mara  Jaac.  aeT  das.  af  I^IaM 
M'j'or  J.  D.  &  iBcraiii.  Uratnw  Ga^dt. 
aad  a«re  ta  W*.  O.  Gorv.  n^.  M.P.— 
e.  A:  Sc  J».-R#,-H  W.  Wi.iwcfaf«*  l^ani*, 
r*q.    lo  I.a«y  AB£c.a    A^oaadar.    daa.  af  tka 

E.ri   of  »t.i..t -.    R.   Hatk^,    .i^    «f 

BraroB-F'ac-.  Uri-fir  A.  tu  Eiiaa  JoiV,  aidav 
of  Haca  IS  kc  .4c>asd.  n^  aad  daa.  af  the  laic 

Very  Kn.    t-«    DtaB    of    LrK6«ld.  T.    H. 

8o*nh^y.  e«q.  of  Car*«»i..:«asc  B^rks  la  Ko. 
en  y  daa.   of  C.  #:.  BarKc.  n^  of  Lyataataa. 

Haalt .    .4;  >t  (iao'tv'K  Haaorvr  la.  Capt. 

G.  R.  JoBB»:oc.  \j  i'.ara  Maru,  daa.  of  R.  Ti  I- 

yard    Biaat.    ec    Itorwt-p  arc.    cs^ At   St. 

Ucorf'*.  Haaecr.iq.  Capt.  i.  H.  Pla^ridgr, 
R.N.  m  Ham't  Aiacv  daa.  «f  lAc  late   R^i 

Haa.  Hail    EJiat At  Hatfie<d.  J.  C.  Bade- 

ir<.nq  M.D.  of  Oay  Hmiaf*.  Eaan.  ta  Attkca 
F.it-'ii.l.  r.drn  aai.'.  »f  tt!«  Re».  Ch.ric«  R. 
IkB'-^awr.  Rector  of  Mortoo.  Norra.k.  — —  At 
Lra'oo.  N.<t%  tt*  Rc«.  C.  T.  PawpCrc.  Rector 
af  Claypoic.  col    L*Bro.D.  to  Ei  1.  «aa.  of  Jona 

Wn«f  u  rtq :  I .    At  Wai»«wti».  Fred,  lecaad 

•■a  nf  Jaaic*  Wiikia«oa.  <•«.  of  F^atkary  nrca*. 
ta  Aaa  Mati^Ma.  oo.y  daa.  of  L  cat.4:ot.  Bry<«. 

9t    Gmiraot'.ptac*,     Caabc'wcli.  .4t    St. 

Geart*'.,  Hac<'*n-<>^.  Lo^d  Jona  Ra»»rtl.  ia 
Lady  Kib6i«dai«.  dau.  of  t'-c  latr  T.  L<>trr,  Ci^. 
of  .4rmvt.ce-p.rk,  Yo'kili  re.  aad  rcuct  of  The. 

Mcoad  Baroo  R.t«c<^..t. Atftn-told.  Bhdt, 

C.  Swaaa.  c<^  of  Y.ra.  i^  F-aaret  Eiis.  Dkaaa. 

oiere  v{  Cc.    Tt^ftti 5      At  CndMa.  H. 

Prater,  «.^.  cf  M"  Midi.r  Te-rp  e.  to  E  a.  ]flac> 
leas.  e:dr«t  Caa.  af  t  «  '.*1i  C.  Kyd  B^hop,  ca^. 
o-  Ba  kad«.>e«.  aad  rt  .ct  o-  S.  EawMris  ctf.  far- 
■er^y  Se>iC.:<v-|C8r.'t   -■'' ' 


1835.] 


541 


OBITUARY. 


Thb  Eabl  of  Portmobb. 
Jan.  18.  On  the  Continent,  i^  63; 
the  Right  Hon.  Tbonus  Charles  Colyear, 
fourth  Earl  of  Portmore,  Viscount  of 
Miisiiigton,  CO.  Roxburgh,  and  Baron 
Colyear  (17(VJ),  Baron  Portmore  and 
Blackness  (1699) ;  fifth  Baronet  (of  Eng- 
land 1677);  Colonel-oomnaandant  of  the 
North  Lincoln  militia. 

The  family  of  which  the  nobleman 
now  deceased  was  the  last  male  member, 
was  a  branch  of  the  Robertsons  of 
Strowan  in  Perthshire,  who  took  the 
name  of  Colyear  whilst  resident  in  Hol- 
land, where  the  first  Baronet  acquired  a 
considerable  fortune  during  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  Second,  and  whence  his  son 
the  first  peer  came  over  with  William  III. 

The  late  Earl  was  horn  March  30, 
1772,  the  eldest  son  of  William- Charles 
the  third  Earl,  by  Lady  Mary  Leslie, 
second  daughter  of  John  ninth  Earl  of 
Rothes.  He  was  for  some  years  resident 
at  Swinestead  in  Lincolnshire;  was  ap- 
pointed Colunel  of  the  militia  June  1, 
1795^  and  sat  in  Parliament,  for  Boston, 
from  1796  to  1602.  He  succeeded  to 
Uie  peerage  on  the  death  of  his  father, 
Nov.  15.  182a 

His  Lordship  was  twice  married: 
first.  May  26,  1793,  to  Lady  Mary  Eliza- 
beth Bertie,  only  daughter  of  Brownlow 
5th  and  last  Duke  of  Ancaster.  Her 
Ladyship  died  at  Bristol  hot- wells, 
Feb  10,  1797,  having  had  issue  an  only 
son,  the  Hon.  Brownlow  Charles  Colyear, 
who,  on  the  death  of  his  grand  tather  the 
Duke  of  Ancaster,  Feb.  8,  1809,  sue 
ceeded  to  his  large  property,  but  dying 
unmarried  Feb.  18, 1819,  it  then  devolved 
on  his  grandfather's  two  nephews,  Bertie 
Greathcd  and  Brownlow  Mat  hew,  esqs. 

The  Earl  of  Portmore  married  2dly, 
Sept.  6, 1828.  Frances,  youngest  daughter 
of  William  Murrells,  esq.  who  survives 
him.  without  issue.  The  Earl's  three 
brothers  having  all  died  before  him,  the 
peerage  has  become  extinct. 

The  Earl  of  Scarborough. 

Frb2\.  Whilst  hunting  near  Donraster, 
aged  74.  the  Right  lion,  and  Rev.  John 
Lumley  Savile.  seventh  Earl  of  Scarbo- 
rough  (1690),  Viscount  Lumley  (1689), 
and  Baron  Lumley,  of  Lumley  Castle, 
CO.  Durham  (1681),  in  the  peerage  of 
England ;  eiKhtb  Viscount  Lumley,  of 
"Water ford  (1628),  in  the  peerage  of  Ire- 
land ;  the  senior  Prebendary  of  York 
Cathedral. 

His  Lordship  was  bom  in  1761,  the 
fourth  of  the  seven  sons  of    Richard 


Lamley-Saunderson,  the  fourth  Earl  .of 
Scarborough,  by  Barbara,  sister  and  co- 
heir to  Sir  George  Savile,  of  Rufford  in 
Nottinghamshire,  Bart.  He  was  of 
King's  college,  Cambridge,  where,  as  a 
Nobleman,  he  took  the  degree  of  M.A. 
in  1782.  Shortly  after,  he  assumed  the 
name  of  Savile  by  royal  sign- manual, 
pursuant  to  the  will  of  his  uncle  Sir 
George  Savile.  He  was  presented  to 
the  prebend  of  South  Newbold  in  the 
cathedral  of  York  in  1782,  and  held  for 
some  years  the  rectorv  of  Wintringbam 
in  Lincolnshire,  which  was  in  his  own 
patronage ;  but  resigned  it,  we  believe,  in 
1808. 

By  the  decease  June  17.  1832,  of  his 
brother  Richard  the  sixth  Eail  (who  had 
succeeded  George,  the  eldest  brother,  in 
1807)  he  inherited  the  peerage;  but  he 
never  availed  himself  of  the  privilege  of 
sitting  or  voting  in  the  House  of  Peers. 

While  hunting,  near  Doncaster,  he  fell 
from  his  horse,  and  was  so  severely  in- 
jured that  he  died  almost  immediately. 

His  Lordship  married,  in  Nov.  1785^ 
Anna-Maria,  daughter  of  Julian  Her- 
ring, esq.  by  whom  he 'had  issue  three 
sons  and  three  daughters:  1.  Geoige- 
Augustus,  who  died  young;  2.  the  Rt. 
Hon.  John  Savile-Lumley,  now  Earl  of 
Scarborough,  M.A.  of  Trinity  ball, 
Camb.  1811,  and  late  M.P.  for  Notdng- 
bamshire;  bis  Lordship  is  unmarried; 
3.  Lady  Anne-Maria ;  4.  Lady  Louisa- 
Frances,  married  in  1825  to  the  Rev. 
Thomas  Cator,  Rector  of  El  mley,  York- 
shire; 5.  Lady  Henrietta- Barbara,  mar. 
ried  in  1821  to  the  late  Rev.  Frederick 
Manners-Sutton,  of  Kelham,  Notts,  who 
died  in  1826,  leaving  two  sons;  and  6. 
Bic-hard.  Henry.  Liulphua,  who  died  in 
1818,  in  bis  l8th  year. 

E.tRL  Nelson. 

Feb.  28k  In  Portman-square.  aged  77, 
the  Right  Hon.  and  Rev.  William  Nd- 
son,  D  D.  first  Earl  Nelson  and  Viscount 
Merton,  of  Trafalgar,  and  of  Merton,  ro. 
Surrey  (1805);  second  Baron  Nelsca, 
of  the  Nile,  and  of  Hillborougb,  co. 
Norfolk  (^801);  Duke  of  Bronte  in 
Sicily ;  a  rrebpiidary  of  Canterbury,  &c. 

This  vent-rable  clergyman,  the  elder 
brother  of  the  hero  of  the  Nile  and  Tra- 
falgar, was  bom  April  20,  1757,  the 
fourth  but  eldest  surviving  sun  of  the 
Rev.  Edmund  Nelson,  Rector  of  Bum- 
ham  Thorpe  in  Norfolk,  by  Catharine 
daughter  of  the  Rev.  Maurice  Suckling, 
D.D.  Rector  of  Wooton  in  the  same 
county,  and  a  Prebendary  of  Westminster. 


>ir  R.  Traverg. 


He  vtM  a  member  of  Christ's  collude, 
Cambridge,  where  he  graduated  H.A. 
1778,  as  7lh  Junior  Optirnc,  M.  A.  1781, 
D.D.  1802.  He  was  presented  to  bi« 
stall  at  CimtertMiry  in  1803. 

On  the  death  of  his  illustrious  brother, 
it  fell  to  his  lot,  as  the  eldest  ^^lrvivo^  of 
the  tttmily,  to  receive  those  marks  of  the 
national  gratitude  which  were  enfrerly 
ahowered  upon  iUl  connected  with  tlieir 
lamented  champion.  He  bad  succeeded, 
on  his  brother'a  decease,  to  the  peerage 
created  by  the  patent  of  1801,  hs  Lord 
Nelffon  of  tl>c  Nile ;  and  by  pateni  dated 
JJor.  88.  l&f>.>,  he  was  adviincrd  to  the 
dignities  of  Eurl  Nelson  and  Visi-ount 
Merton,  of  Trafalgar,  and  of  Mtnion 
CO.  Surrey.  A  pen«ion  of  SOOOt,  n-year 
wax  granted  to  him  by  Parliament,  and 
the  Rum  of  90,000/.  for  the  purchase  of  a 
monsiun  and  c«tHtes,  which  tfas  afterward* 
laid  out,  in  1814,  in  the  purchaiie  of  Ston- 
lytjch  Park,  near  Dowtiton  in  Wiltshire, 
which  has  eince  received  the  name  of 
Trafalji^r  (see  Dr.  Mateham's  History  of 
the  Hundred  of  Downton,  in  Sir  R.  C. 
Honre's  aioderii  Wiltshire). 

On  the  11th  Jan.  1806,  tb«  royal  lU 
eeiue  w»«  conceded  to  Earl  NeUou  to 
use  the  honourable  augmentation.^  to 
bia  armorial  eniiigna  which  bad  been 
granted  to  his  late  brother;  in  July  fol- 
lowing another  augmentation  was  made 
to  his  already  overladen  coat,*  vii.  a  le«.s 
wary  inscribed  with  the  word  TaArAL- 
QAit;  and  on  the  21st  Oct.  he  receis-ed 
permission  to  succeed  to  the  title  of  Duke 
of  Urohte  in  the  Further  Sicily. 

His  Lordship  hart  married,  Nov.  9, 
1786,  Sarah,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Henry 
Yonge,  Vicar  of  Great  Torririgton,  De- 
von, and  cousin  to  Dr.  Philip  Youf^e. 
Lord  Bitihop  of  Norwich;  and  bv  I  hat 
lady,  who  died  April  15.  I8'.f0.  be  had 
issue  one  daughter,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Char- 
lotte-Mary Ludy  Bridport,  who  was 
married  in  I8l0  to  the  present  Lord 
Bridport,  and  has  one  bunand  tive  daugh- 
ters; and  an  only  wn,  the  Right  Koii. 
Horatio  Viscount  Trafalgar,  who  died 
Jan.  17,  18U8,  in  hi.s  20lh  year,  and  was 
buried  in  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  by  the 
side  of  his  illustrious  uncle,  on  the  ii.^'h 
of  the  same  month.  An  eloquent  cha- 
racter of  tbia  promising  youth  wm  written 


by  the  Rev.  Edward  Outrvm,  PaUk 
(jTBtor  of  Cambridge,  and  u  ill  be  foni 
in  the  Gentleman's  Moguzine  foe 
1808.  or  in  Brydges's  edtbon  of  " 
Peemge- 

His  Lordship  married  sevMidH',  « 
26,  \»i!fJ,  Hilare.  third  iImu.  of  IW. 
minil  Sir  Robert  Barkiw,  K.CBl, 
widow  of  Gtofjje  L'lric  Barlow.  eaq..ial 
her  Ladyship  survives  bitn-  i]«t»aoe> 
ceeded  in  (he  title,  pursuant  to  tlic  \mtmn. 
by  his  nephew  Tbomiia  Bolton,  j|«i«.  < 
son  of  bis  elder  sister  Sanuinali., 


M*job.Gi:n-.  Sir    R.   Trati 
Dfc.  2i.     At   Cork,    MAJar.GfKi 
Robert  Travers,  C.B.,   K.C-&LG. 

K.  S'.F.M. 

This  officer  wn  appointed  to  ■■  Gfc 
fligncy  in  tbe  Kjth  foot  in  1 79t3.  pnmoitl 
to  a  Lieutenancy  in  the  I  I2f  h  in  llti 
and  to  a  Company  in  1796.  He 
M'ith  the  latter  corps  imril  ita  reit 
During  tbe  rebellion  in  Irvhutd,  he  CH»> 
mande<i  one  of  the  light  nrmpwiw  af 
Sir  Jofan  Moore's  briffade;  and  at  tla 
recommendation  of  that  diating««M 
officer,  was  appointed  to  tbe  79lh  rMjk 
ment,  with  tbe  iifbt  eompanj  of  wUek 
be  served  the  campaigii  in  Uolknd  it 
1799,  and  was  present  in  aeveral 
On  his  return  to  England,  be  « 
pointed  to  the  i>5tb,  or  Rifle  regia 
^\ith  which  be  served  in  tbe  expeditMB 
to  Fcrrol,  and  in  tbe  Mediterranean. 

fn  1806  be  obtained  tbe  anaioritT,  u4 
went  to  Hanover,  and  HftcruNrTU  ^ 
South  AmericH,  where  lu<  coinounidid  a 
detachment  at  tbe  atuick  of  Bmm»m 
Ayres.  He  subsequently  proceeded  M 
Portugal,  in  comnmi>*t  of  defcbimito 
from  the  two  buttaliotis  »f  his  rrsimem, 
and  led  the  Riflei.  in  tbe  battle  of  VlsaiMa 
and  other  actions. 

In  Dec.  IH08  be  vras  appointed  LienL- 
Colonel  of  the  8th  Garrison  BattiJifMi : 
in  Feb.  1810  be  was  removed  to  tbe  lUlh 
foot,  and  served  with  it  in  Spain  and  Iha 
Mediterranean.  In  IHI4  he  T^ttahtri 
tbe  brevet  of  Colonel ;  and  in  tfaa  Mae 
year  commanded  some  Cnlabren  nal 
Greek  corps,  in  tbe  expeditioa  uimI 
Genoa.  In  1817  be  was  appotMelK^* 
dent  for  the  Lord  High  Comt 
the  Island  ot'  Cephidoiiia;  to  If 


•  As  admirers  of  the  simple  dignity  of  ancient  beraldry,  we  must  be  ei 

expression.     The  cout  of  Eurl  Nelson  is  a  glaring  specimen  of  the  bad  taat* 

dern  heralds.  •'  He  bears,"  to  use  tbe  old  phrase,  on  his  chief,  a  tree,  a  cmslle.  and  a 
ship,  ail  on  the  waves  of  tbe  sea,  proper ! ! !  then,  in  tbe  field  brlow.  the  rrom  ia 
debrutsed  by  a  bend,  and  that  again  by  the  fess  wavy!!  !  On  no  ancient  sbirld,  w4ief« 
any  tbrae  honourubU  was  intended,  would  any  one  of  tbe  bearing!  have  been  ttrpr 
by  another.  Tbe  ship,  palm  tree.,  and  ruined  battery,  arc  lun.U 
bcnddry  ;  though  tbe  much  abused  name  of  heraldry  alone  roi  ' 
(taiKe  of  a  palmtree  grovring  out  of  tbe  sea !  It  t»  modem  h.r 
ancient,  which  is  so  absurd. 


1835.]         OinTOA^f.— X/,-6'«».  Adan»0. — A\  J.  Citrteu,  Bsq. 


bit 


•pector  of  Ionian  militia ;  in  I9i2  m 
Knigbi  Commander  of  St.  Micliael  and 
St.  George,  and  re>appointed  to  rbe  com> 
nand  of  the  lOch  foot,  from  which  the 
sitoations  just  mentioned  bad  removed 
bim.  in  1&26  he  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  Major- General.  Oti  quitting 
Cepbntuniu,  where  be  had  been  in  com- 

Mud  five  years,  he  was  preseitted  by  it« 

haMtantt  with   a   sword   and   medal, 

lued  at  SOOL 

fiis  death  was  the  result  of  an  unfor- 
tunate accident.  He  was  riding  up  Pa- 
trick-streel,  Cork,  when  the  irumfiets 
belonging  to  Wombwell's  mpnam-rie  were 
fuddenly  Miunded,  and  his  horse  fitarted 
and  threw  bim.  He  fell  with  preat  vio- 
lence on  his  head,  and  after  a  lew  duya 
of  suifrhng,  the  injury  proved  fatal. 


Lt.-Gkskrai.  Auamb. 

?ri,  12.  Near  Pembroke,  by  the 
ental  discharge  of  his  gun  whilst 
^■booting,  Lieut..Gcn.  Alexander  Adama. 
He  originally  joined  the  Queen's 
Is  as  Ensign,  and  served  iit  that  re- 
Ig^ment  as  Lieutenant  and  Adjutant,  or 
Adjutant,  fur  a  considemlile  time, 
/  at  Gibraltsr.  He  then  berume 
■in  in  the  7Bth  Highlanders,  not 
jlDng  alter  that  regiment  was  embodied ; 
iwas  with  it  in  Bengal  (about  the  year 
J1796)  acting  a*  Paymaster  ;  and  wus  par- 
iticuiarly  cflirient  a.s  an  instntctiir  of  ticld 
[■acercise  on  the  admirable  svstem  of  Dun- 
Mhs  then  little  iitidtTstoud  in  India.  In 
[1801  he  u^sumed  tlie  command  of  the 
iment  at  Fort  William;  and  in  1803 
ted  tbe  division  of  the  Madras  army 
^commanded  by  the  present  Duke  of 
Wellington  at  Poonao,  and  rendered 
I  ver^'  ronspiruoua  aervtccs  during  the  re- 
^inainderof  the  NtabntOlwar. 

From  IM)4-  to  1806  1m  was  with  tbe 
I  TBth  at  Bombay,  and  was  then  sent  to 
[command  the  British  auxiliary  force  at 
'Goa.  In  1811  he  was  ordered  to  Ma- 
Ldrus,  to  join  Sir  S.  Aucbmuty'a  expedi- 
Ltion  to  Java;  after  the  surrender  of 
[which  Island  be  %vaa  appointed  to  tbe 
Icommand  of  tbe  central  division  of  the 
jarmy,  and  to  tbe  important  office  of 
^minister  at  the  court  ot  tbe  Emperor  at 
lie,  a  post  of  responsibility  and  delicacy 
which  hia  aptitude  for  business,  and 
ity  of  manners,  peeulimrly  qualified 
and  which  he  held  until  it  was 
tbe  appuintment  of  a  civil 
ler.     Colonel  Adams  was  then 

Rendetit  at   Sourabaya,  and 

fo-  Mre  command  of  the  tnHip»  of  tho 
ea«tem  division,  which  he  retained  until 
tb«  restitution  of  Java  to  tbe  Dutch ; 
wben,  ba%'ing  attained  the  rank  of  Major- 
0«a«fdf  bo  rotumed  to  Europe,  and  re- 


543 


tired  to  hia  patpmal  tstktc  near  P«m. 
broke.  In  le.'JO  be  had  become  a  Lieut. 
General.  He  has  left  a  widow,  to  whom 
be  was  married  in  I  HO  I . 

[A  more  extended  memoir  of  Lieot.- 
Gen.  Adninh  will  be  found  in  tbe  United 
Senice  Joumui  for  February  J 


E.  X  CcRTEis,  Bbq. 

March  18.  At  Windmill  Hill,  nc 
Battle,  in  his  73rd  year,  from  a  suddett' 
utiiick  of  illncfif^,  alter  8ome  years  of  pre> 
viou«ly  declining  health,  univerMilly  re- 
apci-ted  and  esteemed,  Edward  JciefniHh 
Curtcis,  Em|.  a  Magistrate  and  D<>puiy 
Lieutenant  lor  the  <.!ouncies  of  Kent  and 
.SuKsex,  and  formerly  M  P.  for  the  latter 
county. 

He  wasL  bom  at  Rye  in  Sussex,  July 
6,  176:i,  and  was  the  onlyson  of  Jeremiaa 
Ourteis,  esq.  of  that  town,  the  first  of  tba 
family  who  settled  in  Suisex,  and  of  Jane 
hia  wife,  tbe  daughter  nnd  coheiress  of 
Searles  Gile«s  c><l-  of  Biddenden,  Kent. 
His  fumtly  has  for  centuries  l>een  i^etiled 
in  Kent,  ihu'fly  at  and  in  the  nei^rhliour. 
buod  of  Tenterden,  of  which  town  Mr. 
Cnrfeis  wus  Recorder  for  some  years. 
Stephen  Curteis  was  living  at  Apuldore* 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.*  His  great 
grandson  Thomas,  1527,  married  Joane, 
daughter  and  coheiress  of  Edw.  Twaigbta, 
Lord  Wnnlen  of  the  Cinque  Ports  in  tbe 
reign  of  Henry  \11.  and  VlII^  wboae 


*  Reginald  Curteis  of  West  Cliff,  tbo 
son  of  Stephen,  married  April  17.  1402, 
Margaret,  the  daughter  of  Reginald  Lord 
Cobbam  of  Slerboruugh,  and  sister  of 
Eleanor,  the  \nfe  of  Humphrey  Duke  of 
Gloucester,  tbe  Lord  Protector  of  tbe 
Realm  in  the  minority  of  Henry  VI. 
Some  time  previous  to  the  battle  of 
Agincourt^  Reginald  Curteis,  together 
with  Richard  Clydow.  went  over  to 
Holland  to  treat  for  ship*  for  the  King's 
acrrioe,  to  be  sent  to  the  porta  of  Lon* 
don,  Sandwich,  and  Wlncbelsea.  The 
name*  of  two  Curteis's  appear  in  tbe  list 
of  tho»e  who  are  mentioned  as  having 
fought  at  Agincourt,  October  to,  1415. 
William  Curteis  was  elected  in  1189 
Abbat  of  St.  Edmond's  Bury,  tbe  cam- 
panile or  bell  tower  of  which  be  repaired. 
In  1433  be  entertained  Henry  V  I.  the 
Duke  of  Gloucester,  and  tbe  Court,  for 
M>me  months  at  bis  Abbey.  H«  died  tit 
1445  (^vidc  Dugdale's  Monasticoni.  Pien 
Curtcis  was  Keeper  of  tbe  Wardrobe  to 
Rk-bard  III.  and  tbe  writer  of  tbe  Ward. 
robe  Atrcount,  or  Coronation  EoU  of  that 
monaich,  which  iaadUui  csriatcDM  (tide 
.\rrbjeologi»>. 


1 


I 


544 


Obitl-aky.— >i?.  J.  Curttis,  Eaq. — Mr».  A,  CUvke. 


CM«y, 


•rms  th«  (iuniljr  still  quarter,  together  with 
thme  of  Seprave.  His  aon  WiliiKm,  (ob. 
16K).  married  twice.  From  hia  wife. 
Joan  Buiitini;e,  aredp«ren<led  theCurteis'* 
of  Sevenuaks.  Tenterden,  atid  Cauter. 
bury:  from  Joan  Pattenden,  the  aubject 
of  the  present  memoir,  a*  also  tfa*  Cur> 
teia'it  of  Otterden  Place  (vide  Genta. 
MaiT'  vol  CM.,  {lart  i.  396;. 

Air.  (^urtrU  wan  ednrated  at  Weit- 
minater  }tchool.  whirh  he  entered  in 
1 774.  and  of  which  he  wasi  head  boy  in 
17TH.  He  left  the  following  year  tur 
Christ  {'hiin-h,  at  th«r  early  hrc  of  16. 
In  I7H3  he  took  the  defiree  of  B.  A  ,  waa 
elected  Fellow  of  Oriel  Collefre  in  the 
followinfr  year,  and  proi-ecdrd  to  the  de- 
gree  of  M.  A.  in  17W.  He  waa  called  to 
the  Bar  in  1788;  for  some  yenra  he 
generellv attended  the  Home  i'ln-tiit,  and 
waa  wel\  acquainted,  and  intimate  with 
many  of  the  legal  a*  well  aa  the  leading 
literary  and  |x>litical  characten  of  the  day. 

Ill  i7iltf  he  left  London,  and  reinded  in 
Eaat  Suaaex.  where  he  was  well  known  aa 
a  moat  UKcful  and  active  magistrate,  and 
aa  one  who  thoroughly  underatood  the 
local  interests  of  the  county.  He  u-aa 
elected  inemlH>r  for  Sussex  in  I88().  toge- 
ther with  the  late  Walter  Bunvll.  esq. 
and  again  in  1826.  He  was  independent 
aa  to  party,  and  was  distinguished  in  the 
house  as  u  staunch  snd  uncompromising 
agricuhurift.  'i'hrough  hio  exertions  were 
passed  some  local  hills  uf  coiisidereble 
utility  to  his  constituents.  In  1830  his 
declining  health  induced  him  to  retire 
altogether  from  ParliHinent  and  from  pub- 
lie  lite;  since  which  period  he  resided 
eniiiely  at  bis  seat.  Windmill  Hill,  near 
Battle.  His  reniHina  are  interred  in  the 
family  i-uult.  in  the  church  of  Wartling, 
in  which  parish  Windmill  Hill  ia  situated. 
He  was  succeeded  in  the  representation 
of  the  county  in  1830  by  bis  eldest  son, 
Herbert  Barrett  Cuiteis.  esq.  who  is  still 
one  of  the  members  fur  Eu^t  Susaex. 

Mr.  ('iirteis  married  April  14.  1789, 
Alary,  only  diiu.  and  heiress  of  the  Rev. 
btepbeii  Barrett.  M.A.  uf  the  Bent,  in 
Kildwifk,  (.'raven.  Yorkshire,  and  Rec- 
tor of  Hotlifield  in  Kent  the  last  male 
descendant  of  a  very  ancient  Yorkshire 
family.  His  grandmother  was  the  sister 
of  Ar(;hbisbop  Sharpe.  He  married 
Mary,  the  only  child  of  Edward  Jacob, 
esq.  of  Feversham,  Kent,  by  his  second 
Mritis  Mary  f^halker.  and  the  half-sister  of 
Edward  Jacob,  esq.  an  eminent  naturalist 
and  antiquary. 

Mr.  Curteis  had  by  his  wife  four  sons 
and  six  daughters.  The  former  are,  1. 
Edward- Jeremiah,  born  1790,  died  1796. 
2.  Herbcrt.Barrett.  M. P.  for  East  Sus- 
sex, who  married,  in  IR2I,  Onroline-SHnih, 
JS 


daughter  and  coheima  of  Robert  Ifaa. 
call.  esq.  of  Peasmarsh   Place,    Snsfc:^ 
and  of  Ashford,  Kent,  and  by  her,  who 
died  May  1826,  (vide  Gent.   Ali«r.  voL 
zev.)  he  had  one  sod,  Herbert- MaaraO. 
a  Edw.  Barrett,  Cunela.  eaq.  M  P.  for 
Rye,  and  Major  in  7th  Dragoon  Guards. 
4.   Reginald,  Captain  in  the   I  at  lUjal 
Dragoona.     The  daughtera  are,  1.  llaiy 
Barrett,  who  married  1612.  Steuait  Boom 
Inglis.  esq.  of  the  ancient  famil)'  of  laglM 
of  Cmmond.  N  B.    Sfas  died  JS13;  soon 
after  the  birth  of  her  first  child,  Mary  Bar- 
rett Curteis  Inglis.  who  died  1B37.     Mr. 
Inglis  died  in  the  following  year,  at  hia 
seat,  Inveresk  manor  houaei.  North  Bri- 
tain. 2.  Jane- Anne- Elisabeth,    who  died 
in   I8:i0.    3.   Laura- (Charlotte,     matried 
1822.  William  Henrj-  IWrby,  eaq  o(  Lcfip 
Castle,  King's  County,  Ireland,  and  bia 
issue,  a  son.  Jonathan.    4   Anne-Kalha- 
rine.inarried  in  IH2K  to  Lieut.- CohNwl 
Charii>s  William  Elwood.  Hon.  E.  L  CL 
Ser\-ice.   d.   Caroline- Elinor,  inarri>d  ia 
1821  to  John  Unham,  esq.  brother  of 
Thomas  Graham,  esq.  of  Edmond  Caatle, 
(^umlierlRnd.  and   has   issue,   RecjnaU- 
Juhii,  Hciir)'>Ihivenport.(-haiiea- Edward 
Curteis,  Btid  Caroline- (Inrteis.    6.  £liai\ 
beth  Julia,  married  in  1829  to   Howard 
Elphinstone,  esq.  M  P.  for  Haatings,and 
only  sun  of  ('oloiiel  Sir  Howard  Elphia- 
stone,  Burt   C.B    of  Ore  Place,  Susaex, 
and  has  issue  a  son.  Howard-  Warbunoo. 
Mr.  Curteiitwas  endowed  with  brilliant 
talents,  and  was  noted  for  hia  convena* 
tiunal  powers,  as  well  as  for  hia  vwied  and 
extensive  information.     He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  several  liurary  and  eliaritable  ia- 
sritutiuns.     He  was  a  freqiieni  contribu- 
tor to  the  Gentlciiian's  Magazine,   Ni- 
chols's Literary  Anecdotes,  &c.  and  waa 
well  known  in  both  the  literary  and  po- 
litical world.    He  was  univeraally  beloved 
and  esteemed ;  and,  both  in  public  and 
pri\-ate  life,  he  was  a  moat  active  and 
useful  member  of  society. 

Mas.  Anthony  Clarke. 

Feh.  4<.  At  herhouse,  the  Piioiy,  near 
St.  Augustine's  Abbey -gate,  Canterbury, 
aged  nearly  75.  Mrs.  Anthony  Clarke. 

.Mrs.  C-iarke  was  the  last  desceiidaitc  of 
one  of  most  considerable  of  the  Huguenot 
or  Walloon  refugees,  who  settled  at  Caiw 
terbury,  about  the  year  1572.  The  oti- 
giiutl  name  was  De  Macaire.  !Sb«  waa 
the  daughter  of  Juhnsuii  Macaree,  eaq.  of 
Canterbur)-.  who  died  12  Dec.  1786.  aged 
62,  by  Anne  Kiiuwler,  a  grand-daughter 
of  the  Rev.  Wiliiuin  Elstob,  the  learned 
Saxun  scholar,  brother  to  the  still  more 
celebrated  Saxonist  Mrs.  Elisabeth  £!• 
stob.  An  interesting  account  CKf  Chia 
learned  family  will  be  found  in  Nididla'a 


Obituary. — ^frs.  Kempt, — Henry  ffuut,  Esq. 


543 


*»  Lilenr)'  ADCcdotes"  I V.  1 12-140.  By 
Uie  mother's  side  the  Ebtubsi  were  dc* 
Kcended  from  the  old  kin^  or  prince*  of 
Wiles ;  n(m1  3Ifs.  E.  BIstob  had  dniwn 
up  a  pedi{;ri'e  of  her  family,  which  juuisi-d 
with  tilt'  Eurl  of  Oxford'6  Culltctioniiito 
the  British  Museum  (Harl.  MSS.  No. 
1:^7.  iU  b.)  diid  11  heautifully  illtimina- 
ted  copy,  with  the  iiLcessary  udditionN, 
M-as  in  the  poftsei^siuii  uf  the  late  Mr«. 
Clarke. 

Mrs.  Clarke  niBrried  the  late  Anthony 
Clarke,  esq.  formrrly  of  the  Stock  Ex- 
chunffc,  who  with  Ljs  lady  retired  from 
the  tnetrjpoli.s  some  ytttis  Hiiire  to  her 
family  bouse  at  (MUterbury,  where  be 
died  April  3,  IK'*J.  ajjed  72.  He  was  a 
truly  beuevolcnt  man,  uttd  author  of  some 
wclf-meantrt'lipou*  tratt*.  Mrs.  Clarke'u 
character  might  uppcur  tu  the  world  to  be 
somewhat  ecceutiic  ;  but  it  may  safely  be 
Butd,  she  was  bt-luved  by  all  her  dcpi'ndiiit* 
and  poor  neiKhboiiis,  aud  Li);h1y  valued, 
MH  well  NK  deeply  loved,  by  the  few  who 
knew  her  iiiluuately.  iier  hou!<e,  I'sJled 
the  I'riory,  was  built  on  part  of  the  out- 
buildings  of  .St.  Augustine's  Momisteryj 
and  some  interesting  fmgment*  ol  ^>t. 
Etlielh«>rt'h  Tower,  whirli  fell  do\vn  14 
years  sinee,  were  to  be  seen  dis[io^ed  as 
mimic  rums  in  her  garden.  She  died  of 
a  giTiduiil  dcc«y,  her  life  hnvin^f  been  pro- 
longed by  nil  the  care  that  medical  skill 
luid  wuffhful  affection  could  sujiply.  She 
left  her  propirty  nnd  lioUhC  fwhieh  was 
filled  with  curio<ilie.«)  to  her  faithful  coai- 
piiniun  Mi&s  James  fur  life,  aitd  after  bcr 
decease  to  her  fnend  the  Hon.  Mrs.  Stu- 
art, iridow  uf  the  lute  Archbishop  uf 
A.mugh.  By  an  armngemeni  between 
the*e  ladies,  ber  book*,  furniture,  pic- 
tures, niid  other  curiof«itir«,  have  been 
lately  sold  by  Huetiuti. 

Mas  Kr.MPK. 

Marfh  17.  la  Rodney  BuildiiifrF^ 
New  Kent  Kuud.  iti  her  llUtb  year,  Ann, 
widoM'  of  John  KemiH.*,  Em).  of  whom  « 
memoir  appeared  in  the  Gentleman's 
Mnguztne,  vol.  XlKI.  pi-  I,  pp  5(]9,  603, 
el  ♦<''! 

.Mis.  Kempc  was  by  her  father  de- 
itcended  from  a  fiimily  uf  the  name  of 
Arrow,  who  »he  u»ed  to  »ay  bwl  *uifered 
mucti  ill  their  |>urrimonial  pos.seiision!4  by 
the  livkl  wiifn;  Hiirt  h)  hiT  mother  Elixa- 
beth  (who^e  nuiuJL'n  naini"  wii»  Jotdun, 
a  native  of  Ireland,  H'bo  died  in  I799,a^rd 
9(>)  from  the  Wharton*,  She  was  born 
in  the  house  of  her  father,  Mr  James 
Arrow  [now  used  u.h  an  hospital  for  the 
foot  guards)  in  TotbiU  Field.s,  Westminii- 
ter.  on  Sl  Matthias  day,  24th  Februar)-, 
174J.6.  H»r  intellectual  endowmentf, 
although  Mv«r  exhibited  beyond  the  cir- 

CrN-T.  M.vr,.  Vot..  III. 


rie  of  her  family  and  friends,  were  of  tbe 
h)ghe»t  order,  and  constituted  a  chanicler 
of  the  mo^t  marked,  decided,  and  estima- 
ble description. 

Her  afferlioiiute  «nd    Renerout,  heart* 
ber  cheerful  di!ip^>^ilion,  firmness  of  Kpirit, 
and  unalTi  cted  piety,  u  ill  ever  be  elierisbed 
in    the    recollection  'of  thu^e   united    to 
her  in  the  nearest  and  dearest  ties      She 
was  a  sincere  member  of  the  Church  of  i 
England,  firmly  attached  to  its  icriptural  ] 
tenets,  as  opposed  to  the  wild  deducliona 
of  C^ivini&in,  and  the  siiperstiiions  of  Pa- 
per)'.    A  few  days  before  her  death,  she 
participiited  in  the  I>f>rd's   Supper,  a  rit4 
for  which  she  ever  entertained  (he  deepest 
reverence,  and  from  which  she  constantly 
testified  that   sliO  receivtsl    the  greatest' 
comfurt  and  8up|>ort.     Afteran  illness  of  ^ 
upwitrds  uf  live  months  during  which  she 
retained  an  extraordinar]*    possession   of 
her  mental   faculties,  surrounded  by  ber 
two    surviving    children    and    numeroui 
grundchildren,    i>he    tranrjuilly    resigtiefli 
her  spirit  iuto  (he  Itands  of  her  Creator^] 
lilenilly  closing  ber  own  eyes,  and  falling,] 
according  to  the  Uir\guageof  Scrijiture,  in] 
alluding  to  the  death  of  the  ngbteoui,] 
"  usleep." 

IK-r  sur^-inng  descendants  are  bcff] 
eldest  son  Alfre<l  John  Kem]>e,  esq. 
F.S.A.  Mrs.  Bray  (late  Stolhardj.  wife' 
of  the  Rev.  E.  Biny,  F.S.A.  of  Tavi- 
stock, and  ten  grandchildren,  children  of 
bcr  son  aliovc  named,  of  which  the  elder 
is  John  Edward  Kempe,  B.A.  of  Clatej 
llall  in  tie  University  of  Camluidgr* 
in  holy  orders. 

Hfniu   Ucnt,  E8«. 

/VS.    15.     At   Alre^Jont,    llnmpshirf, 
Henry  Hunt,  esq.  lute  M. P.  for  Preston. 

ilr.  Hunt  Mas  born  at  WiddincTon] 
Farm,  in  the  parish  of  t'phaven.  Wilt- 
shire. For  JiiKiiy  years  be  regularly  at- 
tended Devisii-s  market,  seldom,  if  ever, 
missing  u  mnrket  day.  After  his  lather's 
death  be  wa»i  elected  chairman  of  the 
(able  ill  tiie  principiil  diiiing-ioum  uf  tbe^ 
fanners  at  the  Bear  inn  ;  the  riMii;;li|er  of 
the  landlord  of  which  mn,  Mi>ui  Hu 
eoinb.  he  married.  Though  loud 
pleasure,  no  mmi  attended  more  strictljf ' 
tu  his  farming  business,  and  the  farms  of 
no  nuin  in  the  kingdom  were  managed 
better,  or  were  in  higher  condition.  He 
Imd  also  the  bcxt  flock  of  Southdown 
sheep  in  the  county,  the  wool  ol  which 
sold  for  the  virj*  highest  pfices.  In  the 
year  lIsOl,  when  the  apprehension  of  an 
invasion  was  hi  grt>Hi,  that  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  the  cuuiily  caused  tetters 
to  be  written  to  the  chuirhwardciis,  in- 
quiring from  every  |i«riiih  a  return  of  »' 
moveable  property,  Uve  aiuldeaA^Mi 


rti6 


Obitcart.— //rMrjf  Hunt,  E»q. 


CMm. 


Kr.,  in  Mr.  Ilunt'iiwhedule  were  ciiume. 
niu*d— wheat,  l.6(X)  sacks ;  barler,  \JM 
quartfn> ;  wts  MV)  quitrters :  hay,  250 
tuiiii ;  nirt  hordes  'M,  value  from  'Jk)  to 
7U  cuincas  eat-h ;  wurkiriR  o\en,  lU; 
rows,  iti\  »beep,  4,tfK),  &e.,  altogether 
vultii'il  at  upwards  of  ^ilUHK)/.  ;  the  whoUi 
of  wbirh  he  vuluiitarily  tendered  to  the 
( roverniiieiil,  tu  lie  at  their  dispo^al  in 
CUM'  of  an  invasion.  Me  alku  eiiga^^ 
to  enter  him»elf  and  three  M.Trant»,  com- 
pletely ei|uip|K'd,  and  mounted  upon  valu- 
able  hunters,  ait  voluntefnv,  into  the  re- 
giment of  horse  that  »hould  make  the 
first  eharRe  U|»on  the  meiny.  Tliia 
liberal  and  patriotic  utTer  was  talked  of 
all  over  the  i-onntry:  and  he  received 
the  thank«  of  the  I^rd  Lieutenant. 
The  yeari.  iHUl  and  \Wi  mav  be  said  to 
have  U-en  the  zenith  of  tne  fanner's 
glor}':  wheat  iH'inK  at  this  time  M.  a 
Hck.  AlthuuKh  Hunt  generally  drove 
four-in-hand  to  Devizes  market,  he  was 
able  to  do  a  day's  work  with  any  la- 
bourer in  the  comity;  and  several  anec- 
dotes are  related  ol  toe  '*  labours  "  of  this 
mwleni  Hercules. 

Hunt  was  an  enthusiast  in  every  thing 
he  undertook,  and  in  nothing  more  so 
than  as  a  huntsman.  One  day  whilst  hold, 
ing  the  ]ilough,  the  hounds  passed  bv; 
when  Hunt,  without  hesitation,  took  the 
tore- horse  <rom  the  team,  and,  mounting 
it  without  saddle,  was  first  in  at  the 
death,  and  triumphantly  cut  oflf  the  brush. 
Un  aiuither  o<*cahion,  at  the  end  of  a  very 
severe  stui;-eliuso.  after  a  run  of  nearly 
IH)  miles,  he  strip|H>d  and  rushed  into  the 
river  Avon,  in  order  to  save  the  lite  of  a 
line  stag,  at  iiii  imminent  risk  of  uievtiiig 
the  fate  of  Artasui. 

Hunt  Han  a  ineinlM'r  of  the  Yeomanry 
(  avMlr>- '.  but  in  i>iinsei|ueni*e  of  ^omti 
iiiisunder«lnniiiMg,  he  ntvived  a  letter 
Iroin  Lord  riintH'.  saying — "that  his  ser- 
vii-i-«  n«Mi>  no  longer  •ivi|uire<l  in  the 
MHillmMni^h  iriHtp,  iind  ri-qtiesting  that 
he  ^«i)ulil  ivlurn  his  «»ord  and  pistols  by 
the  lii>arfi."  Hunt  n-piie«i  that  he  was 
U!>(i>in!>lu't1  Hi  the  eommunicMtion — that 
he  \\x\\\\,\  riid-iid  on  the  next  tieldday  for 
an  explHiiitliiin.  ami  ihut  he  should  not 
fall  to  brill);  h\%  ariii<t  uith  him,  not  n*- 
eollet'ling  an  in«laiiiv  of  his  having 
laileil  tit  )K>it.inii  the  duly  of  a  soldier. 
<>n  the  next  lieM-dav.  he  accordingly  fell 
into  the  rank*,  'flie  St>rjeant  called 
over  the  roll-eall,  and  the  moment  Hunt's 
name  was  omitted  in  the  regiiiar  order,  he 
put  spur*toliishors<',  and  rushed  furiously 
up  to  the  Serjeant,  of  whom  he  sternly 
demanded  the  autliority  for  jmssing  over 
hia  name.  The  Serjeant  said  it  was  done 
by  order  of  Lord  Uruce.  Hunt  then 
went  up  to  Lord  Bruce,  and  demanded 
satisfaction.     For  this  offence,  Uiint  was 


indicted  in  the  Court  of  Kiqg;*a  Bcodf. 
found  guilty,  and  sentenecd  to  pajr  afine  o( 
lOU/.  and  to  be  imiuisoiwd  for  aiz  wedb. 
In  prison  he  met  with  Waddingtoa  and 
some  other  Radicals,  to  irhidi  bhj  be 
attributed  his  subsequmt  politkil  senti- 
meiits. 

It  u-as  in  Bristol,  whcte  Iw  «w  M- 
lowing  the  tivde  of  a  brewer,  tktf  he 
made  his  debut  as  a  candidate  for  poSa- 
mentanr  honours.     In   June  181SL  a  «*• 
caiicy  uanng  occiuifd  in  the  repiesua- 
tion  of  that  town,  the   Candidatea  pra- 
nosed    were    K.   H.  Davis,    esq.    Mr. 
limit,  and  Mr.  Cobbetc     The  poll  was 
kept  open  for  14  days,  at  an  eooratoa 
expense  to   Mr.  Davis.      Serious  rioc* 
took  place,  and  the  city  was  for  a  tiaw 
at  the  mercy  of  a  lawless  mob.     The 
numbers  polled  were, for  Mr.  Davis  SItt, 
Mr.  Hunt  "iXt,  Mr.  Cobbett  0.     Pai&. 
meiit  being  dissolved  in   the  followin; 
Octolier.  Mr.  Hunt  again  offered  hiancif 
in  opposition  to  Mr.   Davis,  Mr.  Pn>- 
theroe,  and  Sir  Samuel  Roniilly,  and  he 
was  again  beaten  by  a  laige  majority,  Mr. 
Dans  and  Mr.  Piotheroe  being  the  mea- 
bers   returned.    They    were,    however, 
I>etitioned  against  by  Mr.   Hunt ;  aod  it 
was  supposed  at  the  time,  that,  if  Mr. 
Hunt  had  not  failed,  as  most  men  do 
who    conduct    their  ovm   case    imtod 
of  employing    counsel,    biibeiy    adgbt 
have  been  proved  agaiiut  the  ageottof 
Mr.  Protheroe.     Mr.  Hunfs  oiatioosoa 
Brandon  Hill  and  on  the  brazen  pUhn 
before  the  Uristol  Exchange,  are  fiesh  ii 
the  rei-ollection  of  many,  as  well  as  the 
state  of  alHrni  into  which  hia  presence  frc 
queiitly  threw  the  city.     Mr.  Hunt  tarn 
contested  the  county  of  Somerset,  with, 
out  siicivss :  and  also  made  several  fiuit- 
less  attempu  to  interest  the  elertors  of 
Westminster  in  his  fax-our.     Althoogk 
as  a  mob  orator  his  popularity  was  unri- 
valled, and   his  out-door  triumphs  wen 
hailed    by    assembled   thousands,   as  at 
Manchester  and  Spa  Fields,  yet  he  had, 
|H'rbaps,  no  serious  hope   of  ever   be- 
iMining  a  British  senator.     At  length, 
however,  during  the  excitement  of  the 
Hetorm   Bill  in  IH30,  lie  defeated  the 
pre>ont   Lord   Stanley  at  Preston,  and 
entered  the  House  of  Commons;  where, 
like  other  noisy  demagogues,  he  soon 
found   his  level',  and  becnine   barmkse 
ami  insipiitic-aiit.  except  in  bis  votes. 

In  peis.)n.il  appearance,  he  was,  per- 
bsps,  one  of  ibe  finest  men  in  the 
House:  t:.H,  inuseuLtr,  with  a  healthfid 
siin-iiii}:ed  florid  coooleBioak  and  a 
manly   ileftortoeoi  ""•  ,**» 

spoitsiiian.     To  '  ^-"^ 

e%er.  his  fcatllP'' 


183j.] 


Obituast  — Rn.  W.  Carey,  D.D. 


547 


RHfl  r^'siless;  and  the  mouth  usunlly  pnr- 
nisht'd  with  a  rold  simper,  not  «ltO);eth^r 
arrordntjt  with  that  hpnrt.born  enthu- 
siasm which  prediide*  all  doubt  of  sin- 
ccrity.  If  to  thi?.  defePt  we  add.  that  he 
was  a  mnii  of  v<'ry  impcrfeft  edui'iiliijn. 
possrssinf;  but  little  information,  und  tliat 
all  on  one  **idc,  on  the  siibjectii  he  tiilked 
most  about,  and  that  readinesis  was  the 
chief  rbaracteri»tic  of  his  understanding; 
ic  will  not  be  judffing  undiaritabty  to  say, 
that  a  restless  thirst  of  excitement,  (^cat 
personal  vanity,  and  the  accident  of 
circuTnitances  and  not  native  force  of 
iiitellect,  achieved  for  him  his  "  Radical 
notoriety."  He  was  re-elected  in  1831; 
but  in  the  following  year  the  Derby  ia- 
terc«t  resumed  its  sway  at  Preston. 

When  attacked  with  his  fatjil  illness, 
about  three  weeks  before  his  death,  ilr. 
Hunt  liod  recently  left  London,  on  a 
journey  of  business  to  the  Wctit  of  Knp- 
land,  where  he  had  ronsidcnible  connection 
for  the  sale  of  blackinp  and  annnto,  or 
cbeese-colourinjf,  the  latier  an  article  of 
much  demand  in  the  dnir\'  eotiutiea  of 
Somerset  and  Dorset.  When  in  the  act 
of  stepping  from  his  phiieton,  he  was 
seized  with  a  violent  lit  of  pBnily«is, 
which  at  fir«t  threatened  immediate  di<«. 
Bobilion  ;  and  he  did  not  afterward*  leiive 
Alresford,  It  was  remarkable  that,  do- 
rinjj  hifi  illness,  his  left  side,  which  was 
the  Ktricken  side,  continued,  as  loop;  a.s  he 
lived,  9<*  warm  as  the  other,  and  the 
pulse  of  his  left  arm,  in  which  he  had 
not  the  sliuhtest  feelinff,  wu«  a^  strong 
and  ■<«  regular  as  that  of  hi«  rif;ht.  The 
Earl  of  Guilford  sent  his  Chaphiin.  the 
Il«T.  Air.  (JHrnicr,  to  administer  reli- 
gious  consolation  to  him  ;  Mr.  Hunt 
WB«  ejrtremcly  grateful  for  this  mark 
of  kindness  aod  attention,  and  requested 
the  R<v.  Gentleman  to  read  several 
chapters  of  the  Bible  to  him,  and  to 
prHV  with  him.  Mr.  Ganiicr  went  away 
convinced  —to  use  hi*  own  words — •♦  that 
Mr.  Htint  was  a  true  Christian."  It 
was  Rui)pa<ied,  for  some  days  after  the  at- 
tack, that  Mr.  Hunt's  powerful  constitu- 
tion would  enable  him  to  brave  the  effects 
of  the  stroke  for  several  vear^.  but  it  v»ti« 
soon  found  to  be  fatnl.  The  pntieot 
himself  knew  it,  and  said,  a  few  moments 
before  be  expired,  "  I  die  at  pence  with  all 
mankind.  O  God  !  have  mercy  upon  nie !" 
Mr.  Hunt  was  lord  of  the  [nMiu>rof 
Glastonbury,  in  Somerset,  and  p«>sse»ised 
some  property  in  the  cifyof  Bath,  as  well 
•a  In  the  vicinity  of  Bristol,  which  falls 
'jis  elder  son.  Thomas,  who  is  an  emi- 
Mil  farmer  in  North  America.  Hia 
J«f.rv  lately  rnarT'ed  a  lady  named 
"nrhiim.  in  Sussex.  These 
whole   of    his    immediate 


His  remains  were  romoved'to  Colonel 
^'i^ce's  vault,  in  the  church  at  I'arhara, 
attended  by  his  son  Henry,  .Mr  Charlca 
Pciirson,  and  Mr.  Wilkinson.  Upon  the 
outer  coffin,  u{»on  u  silver  plate,  were  (he 
wonls — 

IIENRV  HUNT.  P'^. 

L»t*  M.  P,  for  P.r't'jii, 

(leptrted  th(« lite  nuttirisihd.jrul  F«bru*r]r,  lU}, 

ID  the  fl?ii  ycur  of  Im  ccr. 


Ret.  W.  CAHEr,  D.P. 
June  9.     At  Serampore,  in  the   East 
Indies,  in  his  7;*1  ve>ir,  the  Rev.  William 
Carey,  D  D.  M.A.S.  of  Calcniu.  &e. 

This  eminent  Christiaii  Mi-*!siun«ry 
and  distinf^iished  Oriental  scholar  waa 
born  at  Paulerspury,  in  Northampton- 
shire, on  the  17th  of  .Auijust  1761.  Hia 
father  kept  a  small  free  sihool  in  the  vil. 
lufre,  in  which  he  gave  his  son  an  ordiimry ' 
P^nRlish  education ;  but  at  a  very  eiirly 
period  William  Carey  di«.covercd  a  preat 
aplirude  in  ncquiring  knowledge,  and 
much  diligence  in  seeking  it  When  he 
had  attained  the  age  of  14  years  he  whs 
apprenticed  to  a  shoemaker  in  the  vil- 
iHge  of  Hackleton,  There  his  correct 
deportment,  and  the  earnest  but  modest 
and  intelligent  manner  in  which  he  mudftj 
inquiries  on  religion*  subjects,  atrrncle4' 
the  notice,  and  obtained  for  him  th« 
friendship,  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Scott, 
then  of  Rjivenstone. 

Wlile  resident  at    Hackleton,  and  be- 
fore  he  had   reached  his  twentieth  year, 
his  mind  he»-aine  seriously  and   devoiitlrl 
affected  by  the  Go«pcl  of  Christ,  whicb" 
rather  im'reased    his  zeal    than    retarded 
him     in    the    pursuit    of    learning.     He 
atiout  this  time  united  himself  in  Chria< 
tiiin  communion  with  a  Baptist    Congre- 
gation, and  eommeoced  nllnge  preaching,  ' 
and  in  the  year  1 7H3  wa*  publicly  bapti/ed 
at  Northampton,  in  the  river  Nen,  by  the 
late  Dr.  Ryland. 

Three  years  afterwards  he  was  rhocen 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  congregation  at 
Moulton,  near  Northampton.  After  he 
had  settled  in  this  village,  he  married  bis 
firrt  wife.  His  resourew  were  then  so 
limited  that  be  and  hia  family  often  lived 
many  days  together  without  tasting  animal 
food,  «»d  with  but  a  scanty  supniy  of 
other  provisions ;  yet  he  pursued  with 
perseverance  and  suwess  liie  acquisition 
of  useful  knowledge,  which  was  the  ob-i 
jift  of  his  ardent  desire.  He  studi* 
the  Latin.  Greek,  and  Hebrew  langiuige 
and  devoted  his  spare  time,  and  employe 
the  energies  of  his  active  mind,  in  ej 
traeting  from  the  Holy  Scriptures,  ami 
arranging  for  himself,  a  system  of  divine 
truth.  His  pursuits  led  to  an  acquaint- 
aiice  with  the  Rev.  Robert  Hall,  then 
of  Amaby,  and  with  Mraars.  Fuller, 
Stirc?iffc,    fiud     Ryhind,    other     Faptisl 


548 


Obituabt. — Rev.  If.  Caret/,  D.D. 


[May. 


Ministcn  in  that  neighbourhood,  with 
whom  he  frvnuently  vominuniratrd  nn 
the  mihjrct  ot  n-li^on.  He  was  also 
niutrriBlly  assixtcd  in  \\w  enquirien,  and 
eventuuHy  nettled  in  his  opinions,  by  ex- 
aminiiig  the  writings  of  President  Ed- 
wards :  wtiO!>e  prineiples  he  ik  stated  to 
hiive  "drunlc  in  with  approbation  and 
deli^cht." 

lliii  suiTe«s  in  Diblinil  studies  led  him 
to  runteni plate  the  state  of  the  Hea- 
then world  with  feelingo  of  pioun  sym- 
pathy ;  and  in  order  to  retain  the  inform- 
ation on  the  hubje<-t,  whirh  from  time  to 
time  he  roUerten,  he  ronstruetcd  a  large 
outline  map,  ewniistinir  of  several  sheets 
of  papiT  |ia«ted  together,  which  he  hung 
np  ncMinst  the  whII  of  the  R|mrtment 
when*  he  «t)ntinued  to  employ  himself  at 
bin  hntiness  and  on  whirh  he  tniule  notes 
of  the  popnliitiiiti,  religion,  and  other  eir- 
eum^tances  of  the  srveml  «-«)uniries  de- 
M'riU'd.  The  culiNtinu'e  of  tin-He  noti's 
he  atler\vaid.s  pulilixhul  in  a  work  en- 
titled "  All  enquiry  into  the  obligations  of 
Chri-ti-ms  to  attempt  the  1 'on version  of 
the  He  it  lien." 

rnmi  Moiilton  he  roniovi-d  to  I^-iivs. 
ter  in  th  ■  >ear  ITH";,  hating  Itcen  invited 
t>»  take  ciiar^e  of  the  Haptist  (■on-'ic-.-a. 
tinn  in  that  town.  In  ihirt  new  stniion 
liiK  zeal  iind  |i(-rM>vrrauee  piincd  for  I  iin 
many  friend",  and  tii^  mind  still  (l\\«-liiii^ 
npun  niissiunury  enterprise  hoimi;,'  \\ui 
lleathun,  he  niade  it  the  eonvti.nr  siil>ji-rt 
ot  eonvrfMition  with  nei^hbdunug  niiiii<ii- 
ters,  until  he  had  iti.s|iired  them  with 
similar  i-iews  to  his  own,  uiid  disposed 
them  to  associate  for  the  acronipii!-h- 
mt-nt  of  their  benevolent  purpoAe.  1'his 
ihey  did  on  the  id  of  October  \19i, 
when  they  assembled  at  Kettering  in 
Northamptonshire,  and  then  formed 
themselves  into  a  liaptist  Missionary 
Socifty.  i  hx.>  minds  of  the  bit-thren 
thus  Hss(N'iated  were  innnediately  directed 
to  (!arcyus  the  ir.ost  fit  iiirent  for  the 
execution  of  the  de  i^Mi.  India  was  the 
field  which  thov  c5n.sc  for  the  commence- 
ment of  their  operations;  but  here  there 
were  obstacles  tar  gic.iter  than  any  which 
at  present  exist,  and  the  dioiin-Iiniition  of 
Mrs.  (.!arcy  to  quit  her  native  country, 
was  i»  his  case,  a  difficulty  peculiar  and 
of  great  nnignitude.  Itut  these  imnedi- 
meiits  were  suiiuounted  by  zeal  and  aevo- 
tion. 

Mr.  Carey,  with  Mr.  Thomas  a  fellow 
labourer,  who  died  in  India  not  long 
after  his  arrival,  was  solemnly  designa'ed 
to  the  work  of  an  evangelist  by  the 
Baptist  ministers  of  the  midland  conn, 
ties,  assembied  at  Leicester  on  the  SiUth 
of  May,  1793;  and  on  the  I3(b  of  June 
following,  the  two  mi^»ionari^s  embarked 


on  board  a  Daniah  Indioman,  arcooM- 
nied  by  Mr.  Carry'a  whole  family ;  his 
wife  having  given  her  consent,  if  accom- 

Cnied  by  her  sister,  and  the  latter  alw 
ving  consented  to  join  the  party 
Early  in  1794  they  arrived  in'Beagal, 
where»  at  the  very  cMnmencencBt  of 
their  career,  they  were  called  to  encoanter 
two  eventa  both  of  tbem  highly  diaeoa- 
raging :  the  first  diacovery  they  made  «if« 
that  a  native  in  whom  they  expected  to 
meet  with  a  convert  to  ChTistianity.  hadic* 
lapsed  into  idolatry ;  they  hod  auo  takes 
with  them  a  small  investment  which  was 
designed  as  the  means  of  their  soppott 
and  establishment;  but,  uofortunaielT, 
this  investment,  with  the  boat  which  coa- 
tained  it,  were  sunk  in  the  Hoo^l^, 
leaving  tlie  missionary  Carey,  with  hu 
wife  and  children,  in  a  foreign  land,  fiv 
from  his  native  country,  among  people  of 
a  strange  speech,  and  suddenly  deprived 
of  nearly  all  their  moans  uf  aubbiktence. 
Thns  dfoolate  they  proceeded  about  10 
miles  cast  of  (.  alcutta,  in  an  open  boat, 
in  seiircli  for  a  home,  and  on  the  night  uf 
the  Clh  Fcbruhry,  1701,  landed  at 
l)fli.itta,  the  residence  of  the  late  Cbarie* 
Shiirt,  esq.  from  whom  tht-y  received  the 
kindc-t  Htieotion  and  hospitality.  Vitii 
tliat  (ientleman  the  sister  uf  Mrs.  C^aiVf 
was  not  long  afterwards  united  in  mar- 
liil;.'!-. 

While  in  this  ncii;ht)ourhood,  Mr. 
Curey  eri>cted  a  temporary  residence  or 
teiit, 'purposing  to  support  his  family  by 
the  cultivation  of  laml ;  but  early  in  the 
month  of  March  he  was  invited  to  take 
charge  of  an  indigo  factory  near  ^lalda, 
the  property  of  .Mr.  Udiiey,  a  servant 
of  the  East  India  (.'ompany  of  high 
rank.  Jlr.  ( 'arcy  accepted  the  inviratiuD, 
and  arrived  there  on  the  loth  uf  June 
followin-r. 

His  letters,  written  at  this  jieriod, 
de>crihe  his  feelings  of  extreme  r^tet, 
arising  out  of  his  inability  fully  to  exe- 
cute his  commission  through  'want  of  a 
suilicieiit  acqiiaintaitcc  with  the  nariie 
lunguiiKcs;  also  his  nnaiMtcd  zeai  tor  tl^e 
conversion  of  the  Heathen,  und  tix^-d  «le- 
tcrmination  to  devote  all  bis  cnergii-s, 
and  all  his  sur,;Ius  tauiings  to  the  trans- 
hition  and  printing,  at  the  earliest  practi- 
cable period,  of  a  Uible  in  the  Dengalhre 
laii;3:uuire.  He  at  the  same  time  lamented 
the  inlidility  of  many  Europeans  whom 
he  found  in  India,  and  their  endeavours  to 
discourage  him  from  his  attempts  to  con- 
vert the  natives,  by  urging  on  his  atten- 
tit>n  the  utter  iinpriicticability,  as  they 
imagined,  of  such  an  enterprise. 

^  In  the  year  1700  he  sutTered,  both  in 
his  own  [lerson  and  in  his  family,  much 
and  severe  •  ^nred  1^  the  Ion 


1835] 


Obituary. — Rev.  IV.  Carey,  D.D. 


549 


of  on«  of  bis  children  ;  he,  neveTtheles*, 
succeeded  in  the  establishment  of  a  «rb(K»l 
in  the  m-igliboyrhooB  of  his  factory,  and 
be^iin  to  jiroach  there  in  the  Inngunije  of 
the  country  every  sabhath  day,  and  on 
one  other  day  in  every  week. 

In  1797  he  made  a  journey  into  Boo- 
tan,  and  obtiiined  the  ronsent  of  the 
Souhuh  for  uii  attempt  to  introduce 
ChristJHnity  into  that  country,  so  suun  u» 
»  fit  H'ient   conhl  be  provide*!. 

In  theKani.e,  and  in  the  foil owinj?  year's, 
he  preached  publicly  in    Dinagepore. 

iowards  the  close  of  the  yenr  179!)  he 
resolved  to  relinquish  hiR  nppointment  in 
the  neiRhbonrhood  of  Muldu,  and  to 
take  up  hit  residence  in  the  Danish  settle- 
inent  of  Serajipore,  o  place  uhich  ban 
since  derived  its  chief  importance  and 
celebrity  from  jt«  being  the  seiil  of  thi« 
mit><<ion.  llr.  C^irey  nppears  to  have 
been  induced  to  take  this  <>tep  in  eon^c- 
'inence  of  the  Eust  India  Company's 
CSoveriiment  hiiving,  from  political  con- 
sidcmtions,  refused  to  permit  some 
younger  missionaries,  w  ho  had  been  sent 
to  his  assistance,  to  estabiish  :heni«elve« 
with  him  at  hi«  inland  station.  This 
refusal,  no  doubt,  proceeded  frnni  «  con- 
viction, in  the  inindx  of  those  who  were 
charjfed  with  the  ndininistmtion  of  the 
Govenunent  of  India,  that  it  wn*  their 
duty  not  to  permit  nny  direct  and  avowed 
attempts  to  ronvert  the  nativm  to  Christi- 
ftnity;  in  those  pronnees  more  espe<-iMlly 
in  which  C'hriittianity  had  not  pnviotisly 
obtiiinei!  any  lc)otitig.  But,  by  whatever 
«-on<iider.tlio)ig  suggested,  the  derision  has 

been    often  and  loud'-     "•  -d    by  the 

friends  of  missions  ii.  \'  h!ie,  on 

the  other  hand,  the  n;  it  hu»  been 

less  i^leariy  stated,  or  perliaps  leaf  per- 
feclly  undemtood  thnn  it   ought   to  have 
It  is  known  to  mtiny  persons,  eon- 
JJt  with  India  nffjirs,  th.it  the  repre- 
(jvi'v    •'  •'■  -    T      •    fndin    (Jompany 
iia  ■  .\  chiirRe  ol  the 

p'  4h',  Dehur,  and 

Orissa,  as  the  dewun  ot  th  i  King  of 
Delhi,  and  under  w  virtual  agreement 
that  the  rom|>«ny  would  not  engage 
in  any  meaiuiri*  for  the  subveriniun 
of  ft-  ■  n  of  the   Countr)-.      I'nder 

thi-  •   the  natives  have  oUvays 

fori'  L.inselvei  as  having  giuiran- 

teed  to  them,  not  toleration  merely,  but 
eatire  protection   and  defence   from   all 

noyanee  in  their  religious  olwervanccs; 
,  1  the  Company*A  liogulattona  for  the 
S^er.il  pruvifiees,  which  were  revised 
and  published  in  th«  year  I75>3  (Keg, 
rii.  Sect,  t.),  expressly  reassured  the  na* 
tives  uf  India  of  the  British  Govcrn- 
ment'4  determination  to  adhere,  in  this 
respect,  to  iu  origiiwl   understood    tn- 


gageinents.  With  those  enpigemcnCA,  so 
sanctioned  and  so  understood,  any  formal 
permis-ion  of  missionary  exertions  was 
either  deemed  to  be  inconsistent,  or  it  was 
concluded  that  the  nati^es  would  regard 
and  resent  9ueh  a  permission  as  a  violation 
of  our  contract  with  them  ;  and  such  an 
uUimutum  it  could  not  hut  be  deemed 
neither  wise  nor  sate  to  haznrd. 

Any  discussion  respecting  the  pro- 
|iricty  or  cx|)edieney  of  the  ortginul  eon. 
tract  appeared  also,  under  these  circum- 
stances,  to  be  nna^niling;  l>eeause  the 
cuntracl  forming  one  of  the  conditions 
on  which  we  held  the  country,  there  wtm 
nppnrently  no  honouruhle  way  of  avoiding 
it,  but  by  a  relinquiahment  of  the  terri- 
tory. 

13(11  many  of  the  most  enlightetied  ser- 
vants of  the  East  India  Company,  uitd 
others,  have  considered  these  objections  as 
conclusive  only  against  the  itinerant 
prtachirig  of  Christianity,  and  a*<not  at  all 
nffeeting  Reiiend  edueutiun  or  moral  nicid- 
cation;  which,  therefore,  it  li.»s  been  de- 
termined to  piitrotiise  ;  and  it  has  since 
been  found  that  the  patrorwge  afTonled  Co 
education  might  be.  and  in  nmny  instances 
lias  been,  made  nvuiUble  lor  (he  introduc- 
tion of  the  Scriptures  of  truth,  and  even- 
tually and  cunM'qucnlly  of  the  religion 
of  Christ. 

Mr.  C^irey's  roniovHl  from  Mulda  to 
Semmpore  was  attended  by  some  sacri- 
fice«,  but  it  had  it*  eountervMlirig  ad- 
vuntie^es.  At  Serani{K>re  the  mis-sion. 
aries  had  assuniiice  that  their  object  was 
recognised  and  approved  hy  the  Danish 
Governor,  Coloii»  1  Bie,  and  that  they 
would  tnioy  ud«<pi;ife  protection  in  thejr 
missioniiry  tutaMirs;  tlic  town  of  Seitini- 
pore  ond  ••urrounding  country  were  also 
more  populous  than  the  vii'i^nf  y  of  Malda, 
and    alfordcd  belter    >  'iun  antl 

grenter   facilities  for  Sacred 

Sfripture*--  ■■   •'     '    • 

The  n  1  '   lii-^h- 

ntentul  ^'  ■  •  >•  .riior 

nii'sionwry.  .Vlr  Carey,  with  Unee  younger 
KoidstantA,  Ali-ssrs.  Ward,  ^Ijrshman,and 
Kountnin,  then  recently  arrivefl  from 
England,  together  \Mih  thtir  wives  and 
children.  A  M-h(i<d  fur  ehtldi'eri  and 
youth  wa.s  irnmi'diately  o;>ened,  und 
preut'hirig  conniu  i;riwl  ;  ilie  missionaries 
supplying  Ixith  •  ^  of  servire  in 

rotation,    A  pn  \Mis  also  est«. 

blithi'd  with  the  <:uo-M.i;t  oi  tin?  Governor, 
and  under  a  condition  that  it  should  be 
ecuiiined  in  its  operations  to  the  printing 
ol  philological  work*  and  the  Si-riptures 
in  the  nuiive  langnuges ;  und  an  edition 
of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Bengulh'Je  lan- 
guage was  immediatdv  commenced  with 
the  aid  of  types  from  tluroiie. 


I 
I 


I 
I 


550 


OmiTVAMx.—Rev.  W.  Carfff,  D.D. 


[M«y, 


Tfiu  year,  it  i>  »tatrd  in  tb«  mimon< 
■17  Tvporta,  did  not  dose  without  the  ron. 
Tenion  of  two  imtiveii,  Gokool  and 
Kriiitno,  who  both  renounced  raiite,  and 
rame  and  ate  puhlirly  with  the  nrjasion' 
arieA :  hut  their  ron\-erRion  raused  a  ron. 
aiderable  dinturbance  in  Serampore;  the 
nativen  in  that  nettlement,  to  the  number 
of  not  lem  than  2000,  having  asembled, 
aeized  the  converts  and  dra|<f<:ed  them  be- 
fore the  Dnnixh  Authoritie«,  by  whom 
their  conduct  wan  defended  and  their  per- 
aonn  libcratpd ;  Goknol,  however,  appear* 
to  have  been  tntimidnred  by  this  violent 
proceeding  from  submitting  to  the  on|i- 
nance  of  baptism  as  he  had  intended. 
Kristnaand  his  family  were  baptized;  and, 
shortly  afterwards,  several  other  converts 
followed  their  example.* 

In  1801  Mr.  Carey's  success  in  the 
study  of  the  vernacular  languages  of  India 
recommended  him  for  an  honourable  and 
lucrative  appointment  under  the  Govern* 
ment.  It  appean  that  the  general  unac 
quaintance  of  the  East  India  Company's 
aervants  with  those  languages,  in  which 
they  were  required  to  communicate  with 
the  natives  of  India,  had  been  the  occasion 
of  frequent  complaint  on  the  part,  both 
of  the  local  authorities  and  of^  those  iu 
Europe,  and  not  unfrequently  it  had  been 
productive  of  serious  inconvenience  in 
the  administration  of  afiairs.  Means  for 
inducing  a  more  diligent  attention  to  the 
atudy  of  the  langiuges  had  not  been  neg. 
lected,  such  as  a  penonal  allowance, 
called  Monshee  allowance,  with  pre- 
miums and  promotions  for  proficiency, 
but  without  the  desired  success;  at 
length  the  Governor-general,  Marquis 
Welleslry,  took  upon  himself  the  res- 
ponsibili^  of  founding  a  college  in  Fort 
William,  in  which  the  junior  servants 
night  undenico  a  regular  course  of  train- 
ing for  the  public  service ;  and  he,  when 
anxiously  looking  round  to  discover  the 
most  fit  person  to  fill  the  chair  of  pro- 
fessor, in  the  Sunskrit,  Bengallee,  and 
Mahratta  languages,  had  bis  attention 
directed  towards  Mr.  Carey,  upon  whom, 
after  due  enquiry,  his  choice  fell,  and  the 
Ben^l  Government  appointed  him  ac- 
cordingly. This  appomtment  operated 
very  hvourably  for  the  interests^  of  the 
miaaion,  by  securing  for  the  missionaries 
the  avowed  protection,  and,  to  a  certain 
extent,  the  patronage  of  the  Government, 

*  The  disturbances  in  Serampore  occa- 
aioncd  by  the  conversion  of  Gokool  and 
Kristna,  connected  mth  some  other  simi- 
lar events  which  happened  subsequently, 
were  considered  as  justifying  the  cautious 
policy  of  the  East  India  Company's 
Government  with  respcc    t emissions. 


and  by  furnishing  tbe  Profeator  with  1 
ample  pecuniary  meana,  a  large  povtian  of 
which  he  conscientiooaly  devtDted  fior  its 
support- 
Between  tbe  years  1 801  and  ISOSacfnnl 
instances  of  native  conversion  to  Chriati- 
anity  occurred,  followed  hy  aerere  per- 
secution which  the  converta  were  called 
to  suffer  from  their  idolatrona  country- 
men ;  Mr.  Carer  and  his  co-miaeioiauies 
also  appear  to  nave  been  BuceesafnL,  ia 
ae%'eral  instances,  in  awakenii^  fai  tbe 
mind*  of  Europeans  a  more  senoaa  eon- 
ceni  than  they  had  previooaly  fielu  respect- 
ing the  doctrines  and  moral  tnfliteiiee  of 
that  divine  religion  into  wbidi  they  had 
been  baptised  in  their  infiincy. 

In  1805  Mr  Carey  paUiahed  hia 
Grammar  of  the  Mahratta  laiq;iM|(e,  awl 
in  the  same  year  opened  a  Bliasio* 
chapel  in  the  Loll  bazaar  in  Calcutta ;  bat 
in  the  following  year,  while  Sir  Gcofit* 
Barlow  held  provisionally  charge  of  the 
Government  of  India,  the  Vellore  motiiiy 
occurred,  supposed  to  have  been  occa- 
sioned by  the  apprehensions  of  the  native 
troops  lest  the  Company  should  deter- 
mine to  pursue  a  system  of  Jbreible  frmt- 
IjftUm,  This  event  so  alarmed  tbe  Ben- 
pd  Council  that  orders  were  iaaoed  for 
the  discontinuance,  for  a^  time  at 
least,  of  all  missionary  exertions.  Mr. 
Carey  was  suddenly  made  acquainted 
with  this  order  one  morning  on  his  way 
to  his  office  in  the  college.  Such,  bow- 
ever,  was  tbe  personal  respect  entertained 
towards  him,  that  it  was  communicated 
in  the  form  of  a  requeU  that  he  woaM  net 
preach  to  the  natlvri,  nor  ttigbr  native  am- 
vertt  to  preath  ;  nor  diMtrilmte,  nor  mi£tr 
the  nativea  to  dittrUmtr.  retigiom*  trartt ; 
nor  Mend  firth  converted  natives  ;  nor  taht 
any  step,  by  conversation  or  otherwise,  far 
persnading  the  natives  to  embrmce  dhrif 
tianiif/.  In  the  discussions  which  imme- 
diately  followed  this  communication.  Mr. 
Carey  maintained  with  great  ability,  bat 
with  expressions  of  due  deference  to  the 
orders  of  the  Government,  the  inexpe- 
diency and  even  inconsistency  with  the 
dictates  of  Christianity,  of  such  an  utter 
abandonment  of  its  claims,  and  rirtual 
denial  of  its  divine  authority,  a«  the  or- 
der in  question  appeared  to  him  to  implj. 
The  order  was,  therefore,  very  much  mo- 
dified ;  and  although  preaching  in  the  Loll 
bazaar  in  Calcutta  was  for  a  time  discon. 
tinued,  tbe  missionaries  were  assured  that 
the  Government  was  '«  well  satisfied  with 
their  chamcter  and  deportment,  and  that 
no  complaint  had  ever  been  lodged  against 
them."  They  moreover  condnu^  to 
enjoy,  as  an  ulterior  resort,  and  so  far  aa 
it  might  be  necessary  for  them  to  avail 
themselves  of  it,  the  local  protection  of 


1835] 


»ARY. — JUv.  W.  Carey,  D.D. 


651 


I 

i 
I 

I 


The  nroi'et'diiigs  in  India  coiievqiicnt 
on  tbe  VfUurt-  miitiiiy  Ifd,  of  coiirsc,  to 
■Station  aiid  discusMJuti  ul  botnc,  ici  the 
t'ouit  of  Directorn^  the  (ourl  of  Pro- 
prietors, in  ParliHineiit,  and  from  (be 
press ;  in  which  Messrs.  Twining  and 
Si'oti  Wiirinjr  stepped  forwurd  as  the 
opiioiicMta  of  .Mibsioii!>,  liiul,  utuung  ulbeni, 
the  lute  Lord  Tei^'iiinoiith  uiid  Mr. 
CbRrlvs  Graitc  »*•  thv  udvui-ates  and 
upvlugists  ot  ihe  n]i.s.sionttrieti.  It  bi'ciime 
L'vidt^iit  ill  tbi!  course  of  t))eir  di>ifUii(>ions 
that  tbe  \'ellure  iiiutiiijrdid  not  ori;{iniitc 
in  any  apprtbciikiun  oii  the  purt  of  tie 
nHtivis  of  Iiidiu  of  atrfiiipt*.  at  foirildc 

troselytiitn,  bat  that  it  wua  occusiunrd 
y  the  iiiconsiderate  eitforocmcnt  of  mill- 
lary  costume,  in  matters  not  iieccs»ri1y 
connected  with  religion.  The  ootitro- 
versy  mu»  widely  extended,  of  some  con- 
tinuanio,  wid  voluminous  ;  and  terminated 
in  the  removal  of  much  prejudice  and 
many  duubt&,  and  in  settling  the  public 
mind,  so  as  tinully  to  overcome  all  ob- 
ttaclea  in  this  country,  to  the  diMTef^t 
employment  of  means  for  tbe  convtu'sion 
ot  the  Meal  ben. 

About  ibe  year  1805  Mr.  Carey  re- 
ceived from  one  of  tbe  liriiish  Uitiversi* 
ties  a  diploma  a^  Doctor  ot  Divinity, 
and  ill  the  lollov\iiig  year  was  elected 
a  member  ot  tbe  Axiutic  Society  of 
Cdcutta.  From  this  ]icriod  to  the 
dote  of  his  earthly  cureer,  tbe  mifsion 
over  wbicb  Mr.  C'uny  presided,  uppeara 
lo  have  been  almost  uiiilornily  prosperou*. 
In  Ibl-l  (he  nii««>ionarie6  hud  ^1  f'ta- 
tions  in  India,  at  wliicb  the  distribution 
of  religious  tracts  and  the  barred  Scrip- 
tures, togi'iber  with  the  education  of 
children,  and  at  some  ot  them  preaching, 
were  caii!<tujitly  carried  on. 

In  tbe  tollowing  year  )815  the  new 
Charter  Act  of  I8l;i  which  hud  made  ex- 
press provision  for  the  moral  iniprove- 
ineiit  of  tbe  natives  of  India,  came  into 
operatioii,  and  not  only  gave  a  legal  sane 
uou  to  tbe  exmions  ot  (he  int.ssionaries, 
as  scboolinasters  or  teachers,  but  provided 
funds  wbicb  were  directed  toMardi*  the 
same  end,  so  far,  at  least,  as  (o  tbe  edu- 
cation of  the  natives. 

In  the  department  of  Philology  Dr. 
Carey's  labours  have  been  immense  ;  his 
Mabratta  Grammar,  iilieadv  mentioned, 
wa&foUowed  bya  Sungskrit  Gmmmar,  'Ito, 
in  IH06i  a  Mabratta  Dicuonary,  Hvo,  in 
1810;  a  Punjubee  Grammar,  Hvo,  in  ISlJf; 
a  Telinga  GrBronuu*,  14vu,  tn  181  i;  also 
betwccii  the  vear>  IbOti  and  iKlO  he  pub- 
lished I  be  HaymBvana,  in  the  original 
text,  carefully 'collated  with  the  most 
■utheiitic  M^S.  ill  three  volume-s  +to. 

Hi*  Pbilolo^cal  works  of  a  later  date 
are  a  Bengalee  Dictionary  in  three  vols. 


4to,  1818,  of  which  a  second  edition  was 
published  in  18^5  ;  and  another  in  8vo  in 
18^-1830  i  a  Bhotania  Dictionary,  4to, 
1826;  also  a  Grammar  of  the  same  lan- 
guage, edited  by  him  and  Dr.  iMarfbmun. 
He  had  also  prepared  a  Dictionary  of 
the  Sungskrit,  which  was  nearly  eou)- 
plcted,  «  hen  a  fire  broke  out  m  Seram- 
pore  and  burnt  down  the  printing  office, 
destroying  the  imitrci^ion  together  with 
the  copy,  and  other  property. 

The  versionH  of  the  Sacred  Scriptures 
uhicli  have  is«>(>ed  from  tbe  Seruinpore 
press,  and  iti  the  prefiaration  of  which 
L)r.  Carey  took  an  active  and  lalnirious 
part,  arc  numerous.  They  are  in  the 
following  luiigiittgeii ; — Sungskrit,  Hin- 
der, Brij  Bbassa,  Mabratta,  Bengalee^ 
Orisiiia  or  UorijTi,  Telinga,  Kumata, 
Miildiviun,  Gujurdttec,  Buloshee,  Push- 
too, Pmijabcc  or  Sbekh,  Kaslimccr,  As- 
sain,  Burman,  Pali  orAJngudha,  Tainul, 
Cingalese^  Armenian,  .Muluy.  liindos. 
tLaiiee,  and  Persian ;  to  \(  hich  must  be 
added  the  ( 'hinese.  Dr.  (Jarcy  lived  lo 
see  tbe  Sacred  Text,  chiefly  by  liis  inslru- 
inentaltty,  translated  into  the  vernacular 
diitlfcr<i  of  more  than  40  different  tribes, 
and  ibu!>  made  accessible  to  nearlj 
2lKl,00U,(X)O  of  human  beings,  exclusive 
of  the  Chinese  Empire,  in  which  the  U. 
hours  of  tbe  Serampore  Aiissionafief  have 
been  in  some  mvusurc  superseded  by 
tho«e  of  Dr.  Morrison. 

But  extensive  as  was  (he  range  which 
this  aii]|ilc  field  of  science  presented  to 
the  mind  of  Dr.  Carey,  and  necessarily 
indefatigable  as  must  have  been  bis  exer- 
tions in  the  cultivation  of  it,  it  did  not 
satisfy  tbe  ardour  of  bis  genius,  which 
sought  in  the  science  of  Botany  another 
field,  unquestionably  a  delightful  one, 
whereon  to  exhaust  bis  mental  energies. 
To  tbe  study  of  Uolany  be  appears  to 
have  given  much  attention,  and  to  have 
corresponded  viih  the  Botanical  societies 
in  Europe,  assisting  their  exenions,  and 
receiving  in  retuni  similar  Bsnataoce  in 
bts  own,  by  the  transfer  of  seeds  fium 
one  coun(ry  to  the  other. 

Dr  Carey  has  also  left  behind  hira  a 
report  on  (he  agrickil(nre  of  Dinagepore,  in 
the  lOih  volume  ut  the  Asiatic  Itevearcb. 
es ;  and  a  catalogue  of  Indian  aiedicinal 
plants  and  drugs  in  the  litb  volimoe, 
under  the  name  of  Dr.  Fleming.  But 
bis  principal  service  to  the  science  of 
Botany,  and  bis  la»t  work,  was  the  editing 
\\\*>  dect'iiM-d  friend  l>octor  Koxburgh'a 
Flii'ii  A/eiiuu,  in  3  vols.  8vo. 

A  Iwautiful  little  poem,  and  whidiinade 
its  appearance  a  tew  years  siitce,  records 
an  incident  strikingly  illustrative  of  the 
feelings  of  such  a  imnd  as  (.'arey'it,  when 
uocx|:cctrdly  led  back  in  th«  ^T«*«t>aiSA«a*k 


I 

I 
« 


I 
I 
I 

I 


552 


OutrvAHv.r—Rrv.  W.  Caret/,  D,D. 


of  bis  studies  to  the  scenes  of  liis  int'ancr, 
in  acuuntry  from  which  he  bud,  ut  an  eitrly 
age,  expatriated  biiiisclf  lor  the  reiDoinder 
ol  his  lite.  After  having  rareluUy  un- 
]>Hcked  8  liiij;  of  seeds,  wliich  he  had  re- 
ceived from  u  triiMid  in  Eii^lund,  in  order 
to  make  ex(K?rinients  on  them  in  bis  gar. 
den  at  Seruaijiort;,  he  t-hixik  out  the  bu^  in 
one  corner  of  the  (r<i>^e>>>  and  shortly 
afterwards  discovered  somethiii)^  i>{iring- 
inj;  np  on  the  spot,  u  hich^  when  it  reached 
maturity,  proved  to  be  nothing  le^s  or 
more  thHii  onecf  thoAe  dnitWt  with  which 
the  meadows  of  England  abourid.  The 
delight  V  bich  this  nnexpected  discovery 
aiforded  bim  he  deserihed  to  bis  Eu- 
rojiean  correspondents  in  very  strong 
and  glowing  hmcunKe,  and  tbe  inrident 
was  tiiude  the  subject  of  a  pnetn  of  eoi>- 
sidcrable  merit,  v. litten  by  Mr.  Mont- 
Ijomeiy  of  Slicftieldin  18-ii  ;  see  p.  b'i'\. 
The  year  Ibvi^l  terminated  tbe  lubonnt 
of  this  excellent  man.  His  health  lind 
been  dcciininjj  for  several  years,  whcit  in 
September    18.'i"i  a    *troke  of   apoplexy 

f»ros:nited  bi$>  remuininj:;  eaerj^cs,  ajtd 
ed  \\\s  friends  in  iiiiiicipatc  his  speedy 
removal.  I'hrough  the  hot  season  of  last 
year  he  hus  confined  to  his  bed  in  a  fttnle 
of  (jrent  helplessness,  searcclyuble  to  speak 
orto  rereive  noun.^hment,  till  at  length, 
on  Mondoy,  Jime  I),  us  has  been  already 
stated,  he  died. 

*~  He  « lis  tliriee  married,  and  had  several 
children.  A  widriw  ond  three  »>ons  sur- 
vive bun.  The  sons,  who,  as  they  ^tvyr 
up  to  man's  estate,  rendered  bim  importiint 
■soifitunee  in  his  misMonury  pursuits,  are: 
William,  who  occupies  the  mihsionary  sta- 
tion ut  L'utwii;  Jubez,  vkho  haNbeen  ens- 
ployed  under  the  (jovemment  in  esta- 
blishinji;  schools  in  tbe  diifitant  province 
of  Ajrueie ;  and  Jotuithan.  an  attorney 
of  the  Supreme  Court  in  Calcutta.  l»r. 
C^trey  was  interred  by  bis  own  exiiret-s 
de«irc.  on  tbe  morning  following  the 
day  of  his  death,  by  the  side  of  his 
Reeond  wife ;  and  with  that  deep  hti- 
mility  which  »o  adorned  big  whole  life, 
he  {pive  pnrtieular  dirertions  thm  the  Ud- 
lowin;;  incription,  atid  nothing  more, 
should  be  placL'd  on  bitt  tomb  »tone: — 
"  Willljini  C«fcy,  Ixwu  Au^^ua  17,  ITfil,  di*(J— 
•'A  wrfiihcil,  fiijor,  and  l>r)plcv*  worm, 
"On  II  y  kiuU  ^n>.  J  Ull." 

Funeral  *ertnons  were  preached  for 
him  in  Culcutta,  in  the  1^11  bazwir  chapel, 
and  in  Union  cha(>cr 

By  bis  will  he  renounces  all  ngbt  (o 
the  property  or  prcini»c-»  of  the  Baptist 
Mift«ion«ry  Society  at  Serumpore  ;  or  to 
those  of  his  wife.  If  nice  Carey,  amounting 
I  Aa.UUU  iu|ioe*,  more  or  Xc**,  which  b«d 
settled  ufion  her. 
13 


His  miiHcum,  with  tninrro}  coneedflBA, 

and  »ome  vtiluable  books,  be  beam 
to  the  eoUege  of  Ser«ni[>ore,  and 
legacies  to  his  f:on«^and  boi>kf«  to  bu 
H  horn  he  constitutes  hih  leMduury 

By  these  te^lamentiiry  arr^infrei 
Dr.  Carey  hns  liiially  Cermtn«tvd  « 
troversy  which  kid  arisen  rcspcctii^  hk 
right,  as  a  JSlissionary,  to  the  }ia*w«- 
sion  and  disposal  ot  the  prop<>ny  con. 
neeted  with  tbe  ini<«s<ion :  uf  Mbich  iJbt 
greatiT  part  wa.s  tbe  fruit  of  )ijs  own 
exertions.  It  has  b(*eii  niretidy  tttttd 
that  he  was  sent  to  India  by  bis  Bap. 
ti«t  friends  and  eoUeajeutrw,  undef  aa 
agreement,  iindertttood  ulthuiigh  itot  rr>- 
eorded,  thiit  whatever  pruperty  he  night 
Acquire  ^hlJuld  Ix*  cun^'ide^ed  %»  the  pc^ 
per! y  of  tlie  luis-'ion.  lie  had  aitci vrvdi 
the  good  fortune  to  lie  in  the  rt^rcijit  of  ■ 
liberal  salary  of  lj4K)/  ji^r  antiitiii  >»  a 
profeiHgor  of  liingiui;;;t'-<  in  the  (  k>iup«>y1i 
rollege,  in  F'ort  U'illiHin;  and  he  derglcd 
the  whole  surplus  ot  this  inrom«-,  beycnd 
his  necessary  expense*,  to  tbe  itsr*  at  t^ 
mission,  expecting  tltiit  he  should  \m!t* 
the  control  of  it<^  niiministn«tion  duriBK 
his  liJe,  Buttbc  dcstru<-tion  of  tL( 
sion  property  by  tire  rwiscil  the  i|i 
respecting  tbe  extent  u(  hig  right; 
be  eventually  conceded  liy  (iW-ing  tkr 
property  in  trust.  U'hutever  dottbta  Of 
differenceof  opinion,  therefore,  may  hs«« 
existed  on  this  subject,  tbcy  mrr  nov 
Btitisfactorily  removi'd,  an<! 
both  to  the  deceased  and  < 
who  wisely  abstained  from 
removal  of  thcin  by  any  ap|>c«i  to  Ifii 
Majesty's  Court  of  Equity. 

On  tbe  2d  of  July,  |K:M,  the;  JrrfM 
of    Dr.    Carey   was    announced    to   t^ 

Asiatic  Society  of  Ciilcutt'      •  ■' {( 

of  their  meeting,  by  the   1  ■ 
diocese,  who  observed  thij. 
bad     been     for     tti     ycant 
member  of   the  «(K-ie!y   and 
attendant   at    it- 
constant  and  iiiil  tiw 

Coiiiiv" -'   I  ,,„  uimtk, 

after  ;  itna nt 

cmI  ""  '  .  ^.teraMs- 

tioniiig,  III  addition  to  (hv  workj  nlrvMly 

noticed,  an  acctinnf  of  flic    Imirr^l   of  • 

Ominiii  priest,  v. 

I^th  volume  of 

and  that  Carey  h.in  iKt-n  n\- 

sistance,  as  the  author  h«d  i 

editing  of  Bolioo  lUm  t\j 

glo-Bongulce    Dictionm  ;.| 

mark  u»  lollowi  :~  "  1 ' 

a  luburiou!)  iind  t 

cnted  to    the  hs^  n 

engage    the    miou-  uhk  ieincuiii«* 

aacri'd    vocation,  Bctivu  in  nmi 


thr 

•a. 

:be 

\a. 

<i«  xn  iB- 

nch  **m 


1806.] 


OsiTUi-iiY. — ;V.  Dupujtm. 


553 


jet  finding  time  to  mnslcr  tlte  lan^^agea 
of  tbe  Eiift,  Hnd  to  be  the  founder,  as 
it  M'ere,  of  printing  in  those  UnguitKM, 
ht  romribtitt'd,  by  liis  rase«rcbes  mid  bis 
fjiibliciirionH,  to  exult  nnd  promuttf  the 
ob)i'("ts  lor  wbich  tbe  A«iialic  Sixricty  was 
iiistituTiHl  Tlu;  close  of  his  veiu-i-nble 
career  iihuuld  not,  therefore,  pu^^  without 
ft  suituble  reford  of  the  worth  und  esteem 
in  Avhich  Lin  memory  was  held." 

HJK  Lord<hip  then  begged  to  move  that 
the  fullowing  riiinute  be  entered  on  the 
Journals  of  the  Society:  it  wua  seconded 
by  CJoloiiil  Sir  J.  Urjiuit,  uud  carried 
unanimously. 

"  The  Asiatic  Society  cannot  note 
upon  thi'ir  procei-diikKH  tac  deuth  of  the 
liev.  Wui.  ("urey,  D.D.,  ho  loop  an  netive 
member  and  un  ornament  of  thi<i  Jnsti- 
tiitjoi),  di?iiin^(tished  ulike  ior  his  high 
■ttninnients  in  the  Orientnl  Ianj;uap.'s, 
for  hi^  eminent  services  in  opeiitii);  the 
store  of  Indian  literature  to  the  know- 
Iml^te  of  Europe,  and  for  his  extensive 
seqitaintunce  v^  ith  the  sciences,  the  natu- 
l-al  history  and  botany  of  this  cuuntry,  and 
\\\*  useful  contributions,  in  every  bnijieh, 
towardii  the  promotion  of  the  objertti  of 
the  Society,  without  pluciiiif  on  record  this 
expresmoii  of  their  hi^ti  sens-eof  hifi  value 
and  merits  us  a  i^clKilur  nnd  a  muin  of 
fii-ience ;  their  e?<tcrm  for  the  *terlij)<y  and 
«urpassin(;relif:'iOU»itnd  mumt  excellencies 
of  hi»  chnruecer;  ond  titcir  «incere  grief 
for  his  irTcpMrahlc  loss." 

Similar  minute*,  expressive  of  the 
bif^hest  veneraticn  for  hiii  character,  and 
acknuwled^ments  of  his  f^ervices  in  the 
ciiiise  of  Mi.oiniuiiii,  have  been  entered  on 
the  proceedings  of  the  Uaplisl  MuMiurt- 
ary  Soeiety,  the  Bible  Society,  and  other 
similar  institutiunH  in  EngUnd.      T.  F. 


M.     IJl  I'lYTHKN. 

Fe*.  8.  At  f  itfis  «f;e«l  5',  M,  Du- 
puytren,  the  eloi|ucnt  professor  of  an rgery 
at  the  Hotel  Dieii. 

Uuikbiume  Dupuytren  was  born  at 
Pierre- HutTcTe,  in  the  dcpurtment  of  Lu 
Haute  Vienne,  on  the  5th  Ucf.  l?7a, 
1'{|»  parents  |iu«iies!ied  but  very  sdi-iider 
tneatts,  nnd  never  intended  to  have  sent 
him  Co  Paris ;  but  while  still  a  child,  nn 
officer  in  a  regiment  of  cavalry,  qoar. 
tend  in  the  town,  was  struck  by  his 
physiognomy,  and  olTered  to  take  him  to 
(he  rxpiial.  The  proposal  was  accepted, 
„,.,!  -..  I -J  yei>r!<  uf  i»ge,  in  the  year  l7tX), 
iKvd  hi^  career,  and  was  shortly 
•  to  31.  TliiMirrl,  a  celebrated 
LMuit,  who  thutou^lily  appretiaied 
llincs,  and  cotieeived  h  ^reat  stTirr. 
fut   hiin.      !■  'lid 

t4jrv«»n  (i|  lie 

Voi_JII. 


in  I8Q3»  ABsistant-SurKCon-in. Chief  in 
1808,  and  in  1812  he  obtained,  in  a  con> 
Xtht  with  a  host  of  talented  comjietifors, 
the  chair  of  the  Professor  of  Surgery. 
In  1815  he  wtis  appointed  Surp;eon-in- 
(hiifof  the  Hotel  Uicu,  and  in  1818  a 
member  of  the  ln*titule. 

Al  PiipuytrcitV  works  are  nuroeroas  on 
nnatoQiy,  physiolog)',  nnd  pathohivy.  Iw- 
side.N  various  other  treatises.  He  whs  firat 
attacked  in  Nov.  1S33,  by  a  <dii(ht  lit  of 
apo[)lexy,  which  caused  a  dilliculty  iu  ex- 
pressing himself,  and  induced  his  nume- 
rous triends  to  urge  him  to  abandon  hia 
liibours,  and  seek  a  renewal  of  heuttfa  in 
Italy  He  accordingly  quitted  Fiance 
for  Roine  mid  Nu|iIch.  In  March, 
lS34whe  rvtiinicd  to  Paris,  apparently  re- 
covered, when  he  iininediately  renewed 
his  lectures  ut  the  Hotel  Dieu;  but  he 
WHS  shortlv  alter  attacked  with  pleurisy, 
and  in  July  In^t  he  reiiolved  to  try  sea 
bathing,  but  nt  tbe  end  of  a  month  be 
returned  to  Paris  worse  thuii  he  set  out. 
The  disease  had  made  so  decided  a  pro 
gre^s  that  it  was  no  longer  pos^siblc  to  be 
deceived  in  its  character;  and  now, 
vvbil.st  every  means  were  employed  to 
obtain  relief,  eyre  was  never  dreamt  of. 
To  the  la.st  moment  he  gave  professional 
advice,  and  on  the  evening  preceding  bis 
death,  be  chuspiI  bis  journal  to  be  reud  to 
bill),  as  wiei  his  custom. 

M.  Dupuytren  has  left  bis  daughter, 
iliid.  de  Beaumont,  a  forlnne  of  nearly 
^cven  niillioKs  of  fmncs,  l?t)lMHX>  francs 
to  found  a  professorship  uf  medico-rhi 
rurgical  pathology,  and  .'jJHJ.lUX)  francs 
for  a  house  of  retire;rent  for  Vi  superan. 
iiiiated  medical  men.^  Baron  James 
Rothhcliiid  i»<  the  executor  It  is  the 
intention  of  the  Faculty  of  Medicine  to 
erect  in  their  new  Hosjiiail  a  .Mu^einn  of 
Anatomy,  to  be  ciilUid  the  Ma>ee  Du- 
puytren. J\IM.  Sanson  and  B^giu  are 
charged  with  the  termimitio't  of  a  '*  Me- 
moir on  the  Shape."  M.  .Marx will  edit 
bis  other  puhlictitions.  and  succeeds  to 
ail  the  iiwtrni(H-rns  of  his*  in.i-.tcr  and 
friend.  M.  Uiipuytren  bns  li-lt  his 
libntry  to  his  nephew,  and  he  bus  not 
f(»rgottefi  hi.s  assistants  in  (he  Hotel  Dieu, 
nor  bis  domestic  servant*. 

According  to  his  titte«t  desire  he  has 
bequetttbed  his  body  to  Mc**rs,  Bious- 
s«is  and  Onveilher,  who  in  coi^iniutioii 
with  Professor  Bouillui»d,  M.  Delnias, 
nnd  M.  Marx,  performed  tbe  autopsy. 
His  remain:*  were  interred  in  the  eemc- 
tery  ui  Pere  la  Chaise  on  the  llth  Feb, 

Clehoy  DECEAsro. 

Tbe  Rev.  R  Uarrirk^  (p.  442)  died  *t 
Cosgrsve  rectory,  Northamptonshire,  after 
\  Si 


I 


I 


Obituart. — Clergy  Deceased. 


P.t«j, 


a  short  illnesi.  which  began  on  the  day  of 
the  funerskl  of  bis  friend  the  Rev.  H.  L. 
Man§el  (see  p.  441).  He  was  Tutor  at 
Queen's,  and  iti  hie  3'2d  year. 

At  Dew  sbury,  Yorkshire,  aged  56,  the 
Rev.  John  Buckworih,  Vicar  of  that 
parish.  He  was  of  St.  Edmund  hall, 
Oxford,  M.A.  1810,  and  was  presented 
to  Dewsbury  in  IH()7  by  the  Lord  Chan- 
cellor, having  previously  laboured  for  two 
years  as  Curate  of  that  extensive  paristh. 

At  St.  Dominic,  Cornwall,  aged  o<>, 
the  Rev.  Jafin  Edvurd  Clarke,  Rector  of 
that  pari»ih,  to  which  he  was  presented  in 
1803  by  Edw.  Bluet,  esq. 

Agini  70,  the  Rev.  Jateph  (foodaU  Cor- 
tdHi,  Kector  of  Wivenhoe,  Essex.  He 
tvas  of  Jesjifl  coll.  Camb.  B.A.  1787, 
M.A.  170:^1  and  w»s  presented  to  his 
living  in  I82(>  by  the  executors  of  the 
Rev.  N.  C-orscliis. 

At  Hundsworth,  Staffordshire,  ftped 
57»  the  R*v.  Tlumxat  Law  Frftr^  Itoctor 
of  that  parish.  He  wa.<»  of  Pcrab,  toll. 
Oxf.  M.A.  1739,  and  was  pruspnted  to 
Haiidsworth  in  IftO.i  hy  W.  hirrh.  esq. 

At  Lliinfair  Dyffryn  Clwjd,  the  R!ev. 
Riitiiittt  (jri/)itf>f,  second  son  of  the  Inie 
R«?v.  W.  Gnffiths,  Rector  of  LLanannon 
DyflVyn  fJeirog 

At  Umey-house,  Londonderry,  the 
Rev.  Jatnct  Jnnct,  Rector  of  Urney,  and 
father  of  Theobald  Jones,  c.^q.  Cupt. 
R.N.  M.P.  fur  that  county. 

.Aged  2o,  the  llev.  Julm  \oble,  Curate 
of  Athboy,  CO.  Menth. 

At  Martisball,  Norfolk,  aged  76.  the 
Rev.  JottH  Atnbrote  Tiekrll,  Rector  of 
Ciuitleacrre,  and  \'ifar  of  Wi^hton,  and 
laie  of  Wells-neKt-thc-sea.  He  was  pre- 
Rented  to  Wighton  and  to  lleinpsted  neur 
Holt  ill  1787  by  the  Dean  and  (yhspter  of 
Norwich,  and  to  (^astleacre  in  1796  by 
Mr,  Coke. 

At  Worthen,  Salop,  aged  69,  the  Rev, 
Robert  H'i//wtwu,  Curate  of  that  parish,  and 
Vicar  of  ('owbridt,'e  and  Llanbethian, 
Glainorgnrishire,  to  vv  hit-h  nititiilchurcix's 
he  was  present6^j  in  \Wit  by  the  Dean 
and  Chapter  of  tJiloucesler. 

At  nn  odiTiHccd  age.  the  Rev.  Jamn 
H'ilion,  V'icar  of  Atwick,  Yorkshire,  to 
which  church  be  was  presented  in  I  BIB 
by  Lord  Chsncellor  Eldon. 

Jan  2G.  In  the  Cloisters,  Westmin- 
ster, the  Rev.  Krflyn  I.rvctt  Snlton^  Hec- 
tor of  High  Hwlden,  Kent,  ^'']car  of  SL 
Peter's,  Thniiet,  u  FreWndary  of  Wcst- 
miiiHter,  and  one  of  the  fix  r'reacbers  of 
Canterbury  CatbedraL  HewaaofTrin. 
coll.  C*mb.  B.A.  [m\,  M.A  1807;  was 
appointed  Preacher  at  Canlerbur>',  and 
coilntrd  fo  the  rectory  of  High  llalden, 
in  1812,  by  his  kin<vinan  the  late  Arch- 
liubop  of  Caaterburj,  and  to  tbe  ricange 


iddenlfj 


r 


1- 


of  St.  Peter's  by  tbe  same  patroa  io  ISSDl 
Having  served  tbe  usual  period  at  Chi^ 
lain  to  tbe  House  of  Comniona,  be 
presented  to  a  prebendal  stall  at  Wi|j 
minster  in  183i  He  was  sud" " 
tacked  with  apoplexy  whilst  res 
ninth  coinomudmetit  io  West 
Abbev  on  the  day  preceding  hia  deatli. 

Feb.  2B.  At  Pimlico.  aged  70.  tkc 
Rev.  Char  let  Sloman^  LL.D.  Rector  of 
Eltng,  near  Southampton.  He  waa  «f 
Magdalen  hall,  Oxford,  B.C.L. 
His  library  has  been  included  in  a 
books,  dispersed  by  Mr.  Wheat 
PicciidiUy,  on  March  31  and  four 
ing  days. 

March  6.      Aged  fr2,  the   R^v. 
jitkintOH,  Vicar  of  Newb»ld  and  Sac 
Yorkshire,  to  which  be  w&s  instituted 
J7«4. 

March  9.  At  Caistor,  Ltincolnshin. 
aged  7'J,  the  Rev.  Samuel  T^rnrr,  fioo. 
tor  of  RothwelL  He  Mras  oJ  Queca^ 
col!.  Camb.  B.A  1777  as  Cth 
Optime,  MA.  1780;  and  wti* 
to  Rothvvell  in  1783  by  Lord 
Middleton. 

March  18.  In  Grafton.st  the  Rc«. 
H'Uliam  Gamier,  of  Rookesbury,  South- 
ampton,  the  senior  Prebendary  of  Wia- 
che!<ter,  ^ind  Rector  of  Droxford,  Hooia; 
brother-in  law  to  the  Earl  of  Guilford, 
He  was  of  New  collide.  Oxford.  M.A. 
J7D7.  Hadiig  married  June  ft,  1797, 
lletiriettii,  eldcHt  dau.  of  the  late  Hoa- 
Bruuiilow  North,  Bii^hopof  Wincheattr, 
he  was  cothited  by  that  prelate  to  hks 
prebend  at  Winchester  in  IbOU,  and  to 
the  rectory  of  Droxford  in  I8UJ.  L<*dy 
Henrietta,  who  was  advanced  with  hM 
surviving  sisters  to  the  rank  and  fiff»» 
cvdcncy  of  an  Earl's  daughter  in  1831^ 
is  left  his  widow. 

Marc/i  19.  Aged  63,  the  Rer.  Edward 
tf'urd,  Perpetuat  Curate  of  Iver,  Bucka. 
He  was  of  Wadham  coll.  Oxf.  M.A. 
1799,  and  was  presented  to  Iver  in  1806 
by  the  Rt.  Hon.  J,  Sullivan. 

March  20.  At  Kiuipton,  Hertf^  ia 
his  57th  year,  the  Rev.  Charta  C%MNMy* 
for  thirty  years  Curate  of  that  place,  SM 
Vicar  ot  St.  Paul's  Walden,  Herts,  This 
gentleman  was  fourth  in  descent  fruai  Str 
Henry  Chauncey,  the  Historian  of  H«n« 
fordshirc,  being  tbe  only  son  ot  the  R«v. 
C'barles  Chaunwy,  Rector  of  Aj 
Peter's,  by  Su.^anna,  daughter  ot 
Caton,  ot'  Thorp  AbtMi's,  in  Nc 
esq.  (See  the  |K'digrce  in  ("IntlerhurkV 
Hertiordsbirc,  vol.  ii,  p  •W«\ 
of  Peter  house.  <' 
M.A.  IK)4,  anfl 
by  tbe  Dean  aiui  ,  ,..,,.. 
in  I8l4.  He  married,  I 
Ann,  daughter  of  TIm 


^ 


Welwyn,  etq,  utd  \»i  !nae  three  daugh- 
ters, Biid  one  son.  bom  in  1HI(>. 

.March  27.  Aged  84^  the  Rev.  William 
Gibton,  tlie  senior  Prebendary  of  St. 
PmuI's,  and  Rector  of  Wickhun  M.  Puul's, 
Esux.  He  was  of  Queen's  college.  Ox* 
ford,^  M.A.  1771}  vna  presented  to  bis 
living  by  the  Dcun  and  Chapter  of  St. 
Paurn  in  J  779;  and  rollHted  to  the  Pre- 
bend of  Cbninberluinwood  by  Bishop 
Lowfh  in  1791. 

March  28.  At  Uipp*>rholme, near  Hali- 
fax, aged  89,  the  Rev,  Jiuharii  Hiidtim, 
Virar  of  Cockerham,  luouinbent  of 
Bolsterstone,  for  65  yeirs  Lecturer  of  the 
parish  church  of  Halifax,  and  fur  53  yean 
Master  of  the  FreeGmmtnarKhool,  Hip- 
I>erbolme.  He  was  fonnerly  Fellow  of 
Queen's  college,  Coinb.  where  he  gra- 
duated B,A.  17^  ail  8th  Wrangler, 
M.A.  1771;  was  inttituted  to  Bolster- 
Btone  in  1818,  and  to  (.'ockerhcini  in 
ISHB.  He  wall  a  roan  of  truly  amiable, 
uiiMsuming,  and  Christian  character.  He 
has  left  one  son,  a  barri/^ter-at-law  and 
M.A.  who  asaumed,  »oa]e  years  since, 
the  naoie  of  Bateman. 


DEATHS. 

LOKIX>K    ASD   its   VICI.VITY. 

Sept.  9.  In  Norfolk-street,  Strand,  in 
the  47th  yetir  of  bis  age,  James  Weddell, 
e*q.  F.R.S.E.  He  was  the  Commander 
of  the  Jane  seating  vessel,  who  pene- 
trated the  southeni  regions  toward);  the 
Pole  to  a  higher  degree  i>f  latitude  than 
any  adventurer  who  has  preceded  him  in 
that  dangerous  career.  By  the  account 
of  his  voyage  to  tbe  South  Pole,  pub- 
lished in  1825,  he  added  greatly,  both 
pmcticaliy  and  thcoreticully,  to  tbe  nauti- 
cal science  of  the  country. 

March  6.  In  HuhtcNstreet,  aged  17, 
Morgan,  eldest  son  of  the  late  Robert 
Ricbardson,  esq.  of  the  Madras  Medical 
Serrice. 

March  X\.  Aged  18,  Herbert  Taylor 
Otrley,  esq.  of  Cuius  college,  Camb. 

March  19.  In  Somcrset-st.  Portman- 
sq.  Emily,  aged  18;  and  on  the  88th, 
firace,  aged  14,  two  of  the  daughters  of 
George  KicholU,  esq.  one  of  toe  Poor 
Law  Commissioners 

In  Upper  Gower-st.  aged  70,  S.  Sea- 
man, esq.  of  Rotberbv-ball.  Leicester. 

March  21.  Aged  i5,  Su^an  Eliz.  sec. 
dau.  of  the  Rev.  T.  H.  Jlorne,  B.D. 
Rector  of  St.  Edmun'1  •'  -  K' ■_•. 

SiMldaily.  Mr.  Cha  '.  Ute  of 

'  IIS  adver- 

\n    attack    of 

nrematore 

ipt. 


March  C3.  At  her  mother's,  Wlmpole- 
st.  Sarah-Clinton  wife  of  W.  Wood.  esq. 
Ro]^  Mar.  youngest  dau.  of  late  Benj. 
Henahaw,  esq.  of  Muor  Ifall,  Herts. 

At  Bromley  Hull,  Bow,  in  his  60tb 
year,  John  Pearcc,  esq.  late  of  bis  Ma- 
jesty* Customs. 

March  t\.  At  Uighgate,  in  bis  72d 
year,  Richard  Nixon,  esq. 

March  25.  In  Bloomabury-sq.  Philip 
Tattersall,  esq.  Barrister -at-bw,  of  the 
Middle  Temple. 

March  2(t.  In  Ely-place,  aged  81.  Sir 
C.  Gordon,  third  son  of  the  late  G,  Gor- 
don, esq.  of  Abergildie.  N.  B. 

March  27.  Aged  72,  Anne,  widow  of 
Archibald  M'Neilage,  esq.  of  Brighton. 

At  Clapham-comnion,  Mary,  wife  of 
John  Hiimpher)*,  esq-  M.P. 

March  iJ<>.  At  (Jreenwich,  Mrs.  Ann 
Morgan,  eldest  daughter  of  the  late  U.  W. 
Morgan,  LL.D.  Vtcar  of  Little  Leigbs, 
Essex. 

In  Graf^an-st.  aged  73,  John  Black- 
wood, esq.  formerly  of  Canada. 

lAiUly. — In  Portugal,  street,  Grosve- 
nor-square,  aged  84,  Daniel  Hules,  esq. 
He  was  appointed  Secretary  of  Embassy 
to  France  1784,  Envoy  Extraordinary  at 
Warsaw  1788,  at  Copenliagen  1791,  at 
Stockholm  17!>5,  and  retired  from  tbe 
dipluDiatic  service  in  1801,  from  which 
period  he  hod  enjoyed  a  pension  of  lOUO/L 

April  3.  In  Bcrkfli-y-square,  Lady 
Julian- TomlinKon  Hohhouse,  wife  of  the 
Rt.  Hon.  Sir  John  Hobhouse,  and  »ister 
to  the  Marquis  of  Twecddale.  She  was 
tbe  sixth  dau.  and  twelfth  and  youngest 
child  of  George  the  seventh  .^larquis, 
by  Lady  Hannah  Charlotte  Maithind, 
4lb  dau.  of  James  seventh  Enrlof  Lauder- 
dale, was  married  July  28,  18)!8,  and 
had  issue  two  daughters. 

April  4.  At  Dijvonshire-st.,  Harriet, 
widow  of  P.  Tilghman,  e«q.  eldest  dau. 
of  the  late  Adm.  Milbanke. 

April b.  At  Broropton,  uged  35,  Ca- 
roline, eldest  dau.  of  Goo.  Barke,  e.4q. 

April  9.  At  Tavistock-sq.  the  widow 
of  Laeut.-Col.  Ciascoyi^rte. 

In  Upper  Brook-it  aged  (i6,  Liidy 
Isabella  Thynne,  Lady  ot  the  Bedcham- 
ber to  the  Duchess  of  Gloucester  ;  sister 
to  the  Marquis  of  Bath,  Lord  Carteret, 
the  late  Countesses  of  .-\ylesford  and 
Che>terfield,  fltc.  She  was  the  4th  dau. 
of  Thoma-s  (irnt  Marquis  of  Bath,  by 
Lady  Eliiubeth  Cavendish  Bentinck. 

AprU  10.  In  Curxon-st.  the  dowager 
Lady  Rycroft.  She  was  the  youngest 
dau.  of  Robert  Mandevitle,  esq.  became 
the  second  wife  oi  the  late  Sir  NcImjd 
Rycroft.  Bart,  ia  1808,  and  waa  left  his 
widow  in  1827. 

AprUM,    In  Aibemarie-st.  Francvs- 


556 


Obitcart. 


[M^. 


CnoKne.  wtfc  of  Sir  T.  Neave,  Bwt. 
8b«  was  the  fourth  d«u.  of  the  Very  Rev. 
WHIiara  Digfoj,  Dean  of  Durham  (hro- 
tber  to  the  I  at  Earl  Digbjr)  by  Char- 
lotte, dau.  of  Joaeph  Cox,  esq.  was  mar- 
ried  June  13,  1791,  and  has  left  four 
sons  and  two  daufrhters. 

April  15.  Charles  Edward  Dodd,  esq. 
of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister  at  Law 
upon  the  Northern  Circuit,  and  one  of 
tlie  Lectarers  at  the  Law  Institution, 
and  the  author  of  a  book  upon  Germany. 

^prU  17.  Mr.  William  Henry  Irebind, 
of  Sussex  Place,  St.  George's  Fields, 
well  known  as  '•  Shakespeare  Ireland." 

AprU  19.  In  Greenwich  Hospital,  Lt. 
W.  Taylor,  R.N.  many  years  of  that  ea- 
tablishmmt :  a  brave,  humane,  and  tea- 
lous  officer,  a  correct  and  moat  honour* 
able  man.  He  v.t»  one  of  the  few  sur- 
virors  of  the  glorious  action  of  the  lat 
June,  1794. 

BccKS.— /Av.  2k  Major  A.  Chaplin 
late  of  Aylesbury. 

Cambridge. — AprU  13.  At  Chester* 
ton,  in  a  boat  on  the  river,  of  n  fit,  Henry 
(Jinton,  Fellow  of  Csius  college,  Camix 

Chkshikr. — March  fti.  At  M(^ber> 
ley,  aged  .^),  Jnlia,  wife  of  the  Ker. 
George  Mallory. 

CoftNWALf..— .VarrA  25.  At  St.  Ewe, 
the  wife  of  the  Rer.  T.  TreveMien. 

Devon.— jIfsfTA  Sa  Philip  Wood 
Patch,  youngest  son  of  the  late  Buniet 
Parch,  esq.  of  Exeter. 

Lately. — At  Teignmouth,  aged  50,  the 
Hon.  Emma  Mary,  wife  of  Adm.  Sir 
L.  W.  Haisted,  K.C.B.  and  sister  to 
Viscount  Exmoath.  She  was  the  eldest 
child  of  Edward  the  1st  Viscount,  by 
Susanimh  2d  daughter  of  James  Frowd, 
esq.  and  was  married  in  Dec.  18(^  Her 
Ladyship  was  a  woman  of  moitt  excellent 
disposition,  and  hns  left  a  family  of  ten 
children.  Her  body  was  interred  in  the 
family  vault  at  Christow. 

April  1.  At  Exeter,  aged  77,  the 
widow  of  V.  Parrainter,  esq. 

April  6.  Aged  30,  Zachar^  Turner, 
esq.  solicitor  and  proctor,  of  Exeter. 

AprU  9.     At  Dawlish,  aged  72,  Brid. 

?!t  Maria  Jane,  wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  D. 
erkins,  D.  D.  Virsr,  grand -daughter  of 
the  late  Sir  Henry  Northcote,  Bart. 

April  14.  Aged  31,  Mr.  John  Car. 
penter  Croker,  solicitor,  and  for  several 
years  Clerk  to  the  Commissioners  of  the 
Tavistock  turnpikes;  Ust  surviving  son 
of  the  late  Wm.  Croker,  esq.  of  that 
town,  solicitor. 

Dorset. — March  25  At  the  King's 
School,  Sherborne,  aged  la,  Pcnibertoa, 
Aird  son  of  the  Rev.  T.  A.  Metboen, 
Rector  of  Allcannings,  Wiltt, 


DouBAiu—Mprat.  At  ElwaA-hal. 
Mary,  wife  of  the  Rer.  Jaa.  AIIbb  Park. 

Essex — AprU  6.  At  WooAfari^  aged 
78,  D.  Clorea,  etq. 

AprU  12.  At  the  booae  of  her  aon  the 
Rev  E.  Sqniic,  Felated  Graannar-aAooL 
aged  90,  Jane,  widow  of  J.  Squue^SLD. 
of  Ely-place. 

GLOVCEaTKMHUlt.— ^w.  21.  At 
Clifton,  aged  84^  Colonel  J^akun  Wea. 
tenra. 

March  22.  At  Cheltenham,  a«ed  TS, 
Alaigaret,  widow  of  Sir  Rupert  Geoqce, 
Bart.  She  was  the  dan.  of  Tboaas 
(kKhrcn,  esq.  of  the  province  of  Ha&fas. 
Nova  Scotia,  where  she  wa«  nMuricd 
June  SO.  1782;  and  was  left  a  widow 
Jan.  25.  1823,  having  bad  issue  Sir  Ra- 
pert  Dennis  George,  the  preaeiit  Bam- 
net,  two  other  sons  now  deceaacd,  aad 
five  daiighters. 

March  SO.  At  the  Hotwella.  Bristol. 
in  his  65th  year,  Tbooms  Potteitger 
Westcote,  Barrister,  esq.  and  late  Attor- 
ney-gen. for  NewloundUiid. 

March  3i.  At  Bristol,  the  wife  of 
Major- Gen.  Loiumx. 

April  1.  At  Clifton,  the  widow  of 
Major- Gen.  Sir  W.  Williams,  K.C.B. 

Hants.  —  ATdTtA  31.  At  HifhfieM, 
near  Southampton,  Elixahetb,  wrife  of 
Mr.  Gill  more,  youngest  dau.  of  the  late 
WiUiam  Balk  esq.  Post  Captaao,  RJ»I. 

Aprils.  At  Romsey,  in  her  42d  year, 
Elizabeth,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Ben.  DooiMb 
Cuiate,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  S.  Uadkj, 
esq.  Clapbam  Common. 

AprU  la  At  Milford  House,  near 
Lymington,  aged  81,  John  Hyde,  esq. 
of  Montagu-sq.  kte  of  l^»tiHm  HalL 
Norfolk. 

Avril4f.  At  Southampton,  aged  68, 
G.  F.  Pitt,  esq.  late  Cape  South  U«nu 
Militia. 

HsRTs.-VisM.  &  At  Woodosana,  aged 
75,  Robert  Halduue  Bradshaw,  esq.  In 
1B04  be  was  elected  M.  P.  for  Brackley, 
being  a  trustee  of  the  Duke  of  Bridge- 
water's  estates,  and  he  sst  for  that  bo- 
rough, until  iu  distnuichisement  in  1832, 
being  associated  from  Feb.  1825  with 
bis  sou,  James  Br»dshaw,  esq.  Captain 
R.N.  '-Mr 

Hunts.— ATarcA  19.  At  Godman- 
Chester,  aged  58,  Tryce-Mary  Baiun. 
gartner,   dsu.  of  Jacob    Julier    Baum- 

fartner.  ILD.  by  Tryce  Mary,  dau.  of  the 
lev.  Thomas  Parratt  and  t'ryoe  Percy, 
the  lineal  descendant  and  representative  of 
Thomas  Percy,  the  Gunpowder  Con- 
spirator, who  was  greHt-graodson  of 
Henry  fourth  Earl  ut  Northumberland, 
K.  G.  (See  Coilectanea  Topogr.  nod 
tteneal.  ii.  62.) 


1835.] 


OsiTirAitr. 


557 


Mardm.  At  tlieracrorf,  Water  New- 
ton, aged  ^5,  Harriet- Jane,  eldect  dau. 
of  the  Rev.  R,  Knipc. 

.■tprit  13.  At  Staiip'ound,  B|tfd  45, 
Sumnna,  wife  of  the  Rev.  William 
Stionjf.  Shp  fiuthfiilly  and  ynobtnisively 
labtHiTvd  to  fullil  every  privtite  duty  and 
sorial  charity. 

Kent. — .\farch  30.  At  Blackbeath, 
BRed  2,  Arthur,  youngeKt  son  of  Edwurd 
Holroyd,  esq.  one  of  the  Commissioners 
of  the  Bankruptry  Court. 

.^pril  3.  At  iJowr,  aj,'ed  62,  Harriet, 
widow  of  Vicp-Adm.  John  Bazely. 

At  Mai^te,  in  biK  70tb  year,  Benj. 
Bliif'kmore,  c«q. 

April  8.  At  Rochester,  aged  65,  H. 
DawfS,  esq. 

LaUltt,  At  Greenwich,  Lieut.  W.  P. 
Cowling,  R.  N, 

Lancashikr  —  March  2i  At  Roch- 
dale, Cecilia- SrtphiH,  wfe  of  R.  Barker, 
e«q.  dau.  of  the  tate  J.  Vickerroan,  etq. 
of  tiray's-inn, 

Lkickhter. — April  ♦.  Aped  56,  Mr. 
Geon?e  lliflc  Donisthorpe,  of  Leicester, 
aerund  son  of  Mr.  Jo^jih  Dunisihorpe, 
and  Mary,  dau.  of  Mr.  Oeorge  llifTe. 
(Hist,  of  Iveic.  iv.  709.) 

Lincoln.  —  March  17.  At  Bromby, 
rear  Brigv,  a^ed  7^  Robert  Clarke,  C8f|. 
'Jlie  wbole  of  his  real  estates  are  de- 
Tiacd  to  Air  WiUiHinsoii  Cole  Wells,  of 
Dmntall,  itenr  Corringhmm,  who,  in  ac- 
eordancc  with  tlie  dirertinns  of  the  tea- 
tntor,  will  take  the  name  of  Clarke. 

Noaroi.K. — March  Si6  At  Saham  rec- 
tory, a^ed  HI),  Mary,  widow  of  the  Rev- 
John  Parker,  of  Kcmble,  Wilts. 

April  H.  At  Southtown,  Yarmouth, 
aged  70,  Anne,  wido%v  of  Rtv.  E.  Valpy, 

11  ^^^- 

1  NoaTHAMProN.— .y/>n7  8.    At  the  rec- 

tory,    Aldwinrle   All    Saints,    ugvi  54s 

il  Mary,  wife  of  the  Rev.  Henry  Rollo,  and 

only  sister  of  Sir  William  Hillary,  Bart. 

Aprii  as,      At   Old    Stmifofd,   a^ed 

73.  Mr.    Capea,  late  of  Sbrobb  Lodge, 

Whittlcwood  Forest. 

Laielp,  In   the   workhouse  at    Peter. 

twratnth,  afteil  103  year^    John    Bates. 

I  Mis  bair  was  a  perfect  jet  black  to  the 
bat,  uid  be  retained  his  sight  so  as  to 
read  mthout  g-laases. 
NornvGHAM.  —  March  18.    Geotge 
William  Hutton,   esq.  of    Carlton  upon 
Trent. 
Rdtlaxd.— .VffrrA  2S.   A^ed  78,  Sa- 
Inuel  Barker,  esq,  of  Lyndon  Hall. 
So^rUKT.— March    il.     At    Bath, 
Ann,  widow   of  D.   Burgea,  esq.  E.  L 
Co.*s  Civil  Service. 
AprU  i.     At  Bath,  in  his  84th  year, 
Thomas  Nicholls,  esq.  late  of  London. 
.tptitO.  At  Eastcot-house,  heur  Wells, 


in  Wb  80th  yp«T,  W.  Bladcburae,  etq. 
M.D.  late  of  Cavendish. sq. 

STArroKD. — April  I.  Sarab,  widow 
of  Edw.  Beat,  esq.  of  Bilston. 

SuFPOLS. — March  7.  At  Bury,  aged 
81,  Edmund  Squire,  esq. 

March  31.  Sarah,  wife  of  the  Rev. 
J.  Bicker,  Perpetual  Curate  of  Wii>f  field. 

ScttREY. — April  4.  Aged  63,  J.  La- 
tham, esq.  of  Limii<vtidd. 

April  5.  J.  C.  Reeve,  etq.  of  Mickle- 
bam-hnll,  and  Great  Cumberland- place. 

AprU  9.  At  Broad-green,  Croydon, 
ageo  95,  J.  Brookes,  esq. 

SvBSEX.— March  17.  At  Brighton, 
aged  M.1,  Catharine,  widow  of  Sir  Georve 
Comewalt,  Bart.  She  was  the  only 
dau.  and  beireta  of  Velters  Comewalf, 
of  Mot'CaK,  CO.  Hereford,  esq.  was  mar. 
ricd  in  1771  to  Sir  George  Amyand, 
Bart,  who  on  that  occasion  took  the  name 
of  Comewall;  and  was  left  a  widow  Aug. 
Sd,  1819,  having  had  i^ue  the  present 
Sir  George  Comewall,  one  other  son  now 
deceased,  and  six  daughters. 

March  21).  At  Brighton,  aged  3.3, 
Kat4',  second  dau.  of  S.  Pritcbard,  esq. 
of  Norwood,  Surrey. 

April  7.  At  Compton  Place,  in  her 
7.5th  year,  the  Right  Hon.  Elizabeth 
Counte$s  dowager  of  Burlington.  Sbe 
was  the  only  daughter  und  beireaa  of 
Spencer  7th  Earl  of  Northampton,  by 
iJtdv  Anne  Somerset,  dau.  of  Charlea 
4ih  buke  of  Beaufort,  was  married  Feb. 
H,  I7H<,  to  Lord  Geone  Cavendish, 
created  in  IB31  Earl  of  Burlington,  and 
WB»  left  his  widow  Mar  9,  1834,  having 
bad  issue  the  late  WiiHam  Cavendi'b, 
exq.  father  of  the  present  Earl,  the  Hon. 
H-  F.  C  Cavendish,  now  M.P.  for 
Derbjr,  the  Hon.  C.  C.  Cavendi«h.  .VI.  P. 
for  East  Sussex,  l^dy  Charles  Fitzroy, 
Lady  Anne  Cavendish,  besides  six  other 
children  who  died  young. 

April  13.  At  Newick,  Sarah- Louisa, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  T.  B,  Powell,  secona 
surviving  datighter  of  the  late  Rev.  N. 
Cotton,  Rector  of  Thomby,  Northamp- 
tonshire. 

WAawicK. — I\tarch  20.  At  Brailoa 
Houi-e,  aged  1'^  William  Edward,  eldest 
eon  of  Edward  Slielilun,  e»<|,  M.P.  and 
grandson  of  the  late  Col.  Sheldon,  of  St. 
Giles's,  Oxford. 

March  23.  Aged  70,  Mary,  relict  of 
the  late  H.  Hunt,  esq.  of  Ladywood, 
near  Birmingham,  dau  of  the  Kev.  J, 
Brailsfnrd,  Vicar  of  North  Wheatlcy, 
granddoughter  of  the  Rev.  John  Brails- 
ford,  Rector  of  Kirtliy,  and  nii-ce  to  the 
late  Rev.  Matthew  Bniilsford,  D.D. 

Apfit  1.  At  New  House,  Kereslejr, 
aged  47,  Ann,  wife  of  the  late  Ricbtrd 
Fcrkini,  esq. 


m 


5^S 


Obit  CAST. 


Vi'*.T*— Ac  Mefv.ac«d^l.«a:T«rai:T  Oet.±    At 

mrvred  ud  «ccva«d.  Imrik  a  widow  k^  ir^. 

Mvi  rm?  f^l^Tve  to  d«7^0R  hit'loM^  Jgha  ««?.  ]?.  A:  TTbmiIihi   C«acci  Oika 

CKftf.=  Mw'wnfc  ««;.  C«pc  E.  >'.  aed  mo  a.-^  2«ariM  o^  cac'^nlrv,  ud  Ejmcb 

•ftbe  !•:«  J^KK^  3locnj.  «q.  oc  Merc  U.  V.  S^v^m  of  ok  Uk  X.!.  brtk 

Ta^^  umksx  of  ft  boK  b  the  UImot  t«k. 

V.-vrSfTci — .<<ar...l!G4.  AtBrrm.  Gcr.il.  Ac  IfaM^ifpnrg.  IjKK^CaiB- 

•««  ?l.   W:ls4ai   C*rr.  ef^.    «ao   hU  sfc  J   J.  ALii- 

^■vw  «rn«d  Sae;T5x  Safjrd^n.    He  'vt.  H.  A:  Cawvon.  accd  21  Aa». 

«v  MT  .''•  :2<  R<T.  J  C«rT.  ArrfidAcoa  :^-Ae=.  w.aeot  Line.  C.  C.  AiiHkcf 


>-'    Gwrxv   oan«c  of   EmC   CoilM 
'.•r.  3i.    A:  Ueerx:.  Civics  T.  T. 

/.tfr..     A:    F«-.    ViZsM.    BoHii. 

.\:  BcASftT.  «tA  «*.  UcK.  D.  J. 

^»i  xars  ne   1  n  f i   ■■  'h    Lk«.  B. 
T    E   Sbr7«rt.  £v>L 
A:  v4>i-4£^  ftcek  V±.   Litfvc  J.  A> 


R<T  Msracvs:  Lcrd  E.iocc  .-:  KL..*.! 
ii.*  wcc.-.;  K-CL  C<i  Wr.  R^cvr:  iatt. 
R.  .\r:.  uc  cc  u«  Ite  .\»^.  u  C'.u>- 
terMT  «e  a^^-  'V  ?>**•>£ '9>-'V'i  r*  &  .*vid 

ft:cK-vT:M  t"v^  L:-i'-^  1S4.  i.'4£C.. 
L;«<.:.  iHV;  i'*ft  1?*«4.  Mvrt  VCa-cc 
iS'.i.  MA.vr  R.  Art  '.>i3    irr«-«  Cci- 

\  .Mk  —  W«-.n  *        A:    t.vijmrcB 
W*!. :/  H.'iaM.  ■(««  Tit  s.'    '.T-jjO»L-i.  «**. 

Rt.jw.  t^s-  •■'  V.Ti. 

.f  .-^  T.   .\:  Y.Tt.  k:  IS  mtmxirfi  ate. 
\1"^    .\'.7*    r'>.Bi  r!^-r».   f.ia»r  icc   aii-j 

.  •  I-  •      7^    Rr*     rVfnw   Fa-«>uK 

S.V-.  wV.-.  —  .*«i^»    ."        .\;  l^fjnuJt*. 

«n.-  y.i:.Tiiiu*A  arnc  fS  .'.dJi-T'iu'iniat 

Atf^bzui:''  rl.'tiv.   -.^ 'J.  R 
lu"..ii>r —  €-    Jl       A:  &: 

XT  .;<-■  .":    L>.-ticl. 

.f'-'i    ..trie    uu    .^.I'luaac  1^4.  tt  JL-—.    '  2.  .-jisaiaiBonr  >k3 

u«f  H^i  '~<c  .-•nanfcvitr'JK  v  '^-ji  acmm  J-'j.  ^    Ar  Sua    iLJ.   3  : 

ft  .'«Ak«  j<n7UB.!«;'rfit.  via  Xifr  rj.-cxi£»  lOL  ssiutt  a  Aiorak  ^  ai&  J:«a  I*a- 

.".vnuL  «^>  {r.-iwi^M.  rnnii*  Tr^ur.  ojr  latrr  «9r>  MaJft- 

1    '.    Z'^l  "r!«  •_1.|.T  ..:.  —    »T        .        Jl    -irKSfc  LitfC 

*■!   '^^    ■»  ;•■    -r^^.  un  -u-nu-—   .-r  xti  «-.    ;i^      _»—   5'hiBk  3£i:wr   Ftjt. 


T  i<7  L«acx» — 4c=.  di    Ai  1 

.'r:.  L ..     A:  Tsmai^  Maj.  CI^ma 

Zr-.  &'.     A:  DsaMnrSi.  lli?cr  Bo- 


^     .».  V.I.  «rw  ^    ..v'li.  -  .".1.    .•^-  .V.r       A: 

•  !»'■"«       .''"■    V    .-:.f.    .iTv-ir    i\    UK      "H..     T  mtrr-    ^tfic.-.<A.    X  ae  Sto 

*  **     ■•     *     \.ftir»fc    i"  •^^•-   .•.,r.T9*>ib      "".  :•     ■  -^    .*'»ai:i  .'^; 


•t-. 


ki. 


Bill  of  Mortality. — Markcti. — Price  of  Shares. 


At  Ptria,  M.  NadennBii,  the  compoMsr, 
and  professor  of  the  harp  at  the  ConBer> 
vatoire  de  Musique. 

At  Gencja.  aged  25,  Anne  Mary,  eldest 
dsu.  of  Sir  George  Bowyer,  Bart. 

March  i  1.  Ai  Paris,  in  his  72d  year, 
Willium  J.  Lentball.esq  of  BesseU  J/«igh, 
Berks,  and  late  of  nroft(Jvvt41,  i"o.  Glour. 
He  WHS  iifth  in  pateinal  dt-scent  from  the 
Spptiker  uf  the  Lrong  Parliament,  and 
descended  from  Sir  Rowland  Lenthall,  of 
Hampton  Court,  co.  Hereford,  Master 
of  the  Rolws  to  Henry  IV.  Amhassador 
to  France,  and  one  of  ike  C-timmanders 
at  Agint'ourt. 

March  28.  At  Lisbon,  in  hii^  2<jth 
year.  Prince  Augustus  Charles  Eugene 
I»apoleon,  Duke  of  L>enehtf  nberg,  con. 


559 

Bort  of  the  Qtteen  of  Portugal.     He  was 
born  Dec.  9,  IBJO,  the   elder  son  of  Eu- 

fene  Viceroy  of  Italy,  (the  step-8on  of  the 
Dmperor  Napoleon,)  l^  the  Princess  Au- 
£U8ta-Amelii»  of  Bavaria;  and  brother  to 
Hortense  the  widow  of  Dom  Pedro,  ex- 
Emperor  of  the  Bruzila.  This  young 
Prince  wuA  one  of  the  richest  men  in 
Europe.  He  bad  been  married  only  a 
few  weeks  to  the  Queen,  who  is  left  a 
youthful  widow  not  sixteen.  His  death 
was  caused  by  quin^ev. 

At  Berlin,  Count  Bemstorff,  Minister 
of  State. 

.-iffril  10.  At  Paris,  Guatayus  Mala, 
cbowiikt.  Deputy  of  the  Diet  of  PoIatM^' 
and  Minister  ot  Foreign  Aflkirs  during 
the  last  revolution. 


BILL  OF  MURTALITY,  from  March  2o  to  April  21,  1635. 


Christened. 
Males  910  I 
Females    871  f 


1781 


Buried. 
Males         777>,-,, 
Females     740  T^'^ 


r  ^ 

\  ^ 

no 


Whereof  have  died  still-born  and  under  g 

two  years  old. 413 


2  and    5  191 

and  lU  72 

10  and  20  50 

20  and  3f)  </5 

30  and  4U  104 

40  and  5U  122 


50  and 
60  and 
70  and 
80  and 
90  and 
lOi 


00  135 
70  132 
80  152 
m  46 
100  i 
1 


Barley. 

Oats. 

Rye. 

Beans. 

«.     d. 

1.     d. 

>.     d. 

..     d. 

32     6 

22     9 

30     6 

38    4 

AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  which  the  Duty  is  regulated,  AprillS. 
Wheat. 
..    d. 
89     7 

PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  c^vt.  April  24, 

Kent  Bags Of.    Oi.  to    ()/.     Uj.  i  Famhain  (srconds)    Oil  Ot.  to  01  0#, 

Sussex 01.     Of.  to    \M.    Oi.      Kent  PockeU \L  \5:  to  5/,  \5t 

Essex (W.     0*.  to    0/.     0<,      Sussex M  10*.  to  5i.  \0t' 

Farobam  (fine) B/.     0«.  to  10/.  10*.  i  E»«ex 0/.  0«.  to  0/.  Ot' 

PRICE  OF  HAY  AND  STRAW,  AprU  2.3. 

SmitLficld,  Hay,  M.  \  6#.  to  51.  it Straw,  2/.  0«.  to  2/.  6f.— Clover,  M.\5t.to  5t.  10». 

SMITHFIELD.  April  24.     To  sink  the  Oflkl_per  stone  of  8tbs. 
Beef. 2*.     6d.  to  4*.     Od.      Lamb  4*.  W.  to  5*.  8d. 


Mutton 'Js. 

Veal 2s, 

Pork 2». 


Of/,  to  4f.  lOJ. 
8J.  to  U.  bd. 
8d.  to  4«.     id. 


Head  of  Cattle  at  Alarket,  April  27. 

BeasU... 2,515     Calves  118  j 

Sheep  8e  Lambs  22,480     Piga     670 


COAL  MARKET,  April  24. 

Walls  Ends,  from  18*.  6d,Ui2\*.  9d.  per  ton.     Other  sorts  from  I5j.  dd.  to  17».  3d. 

TALLOW,  per  cwt— Town  Tallow,  39#.  Od.     Yellow  Russia,  38*.  Od. 

SOAP.  — Vtliow,  5H#.     Mottled,  62*.   Curd,       .. 

(.  .\MiLK.s,  iM.  d'i.  p.r  doz.     Moulds.  &*.  (W. 


PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  ibe  Office  of  WOLFE,  BsoTiuuia,  Stock  and  Share  Brokers^ 

S3,  Change  AUey,  Cornhill. 

Dtrmingham  Canal,    237§.  - — -—  Ellesmerc  and  Chester,  88 >Grand  Junctioivi 

240. Rennet  and  .Avon,  22f. Leeds  and  Liverpool.  530. liegent's,  I6|»^ 

— Rochdale,   119. London   Dock  Stock.  56^. St.  Katharine's,  69 j. Weat^ 

'■India,  yi{. Liveq>ool  and  Manchester  Railway.  192. Grand  Junerion  Water  j 

^Vork»,55. West  Middlesex,  79. Globe  Insurance,  1494. Guiirdian,  33j, 

■Hope.til Chartered  Gas  Light, 47^. Imperial  Gaa,4oj. Phcenix  Gat^J 

—  Independent   Gas,   50. United   General,    43. Canada  Laqd  Com«|f 

■ Rerersionary  Interest,  132. 

For  Prices  of  ail  other  Sbarn  inauire  as  above. 


METEOROLOGICAL  DIARY,  by  W.  GARY.  Stsaho. 

From  March  26,  to  April  25,   1833,  both  mclutivt. 


Fahrenheit's  Therm. 


aD'=5 


Mar. 

m 

27 

[88 
29 
: 


31 
A.1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 

e 

9 
10 


39 
46 
43 
44. 
4a 
50 
54 
64 
58 
48 

•la 

54 

51 
55 
57 

44 


51 
50 
44 
45 
54 
54 
63 
7i 
61 
52 
51 
60 
64 
69 
03 
59 


42 
40 
3(i 
35 
39 
53 
52 
57 
5SJ 
48 
43 
44 
48 
49 
53 
44 


Weather- 


fair 
loudy 


in.  pts. 
30,  40 
30 

lb  ido. 

04  hit 

-29,  63  |do. 

,  80  cloudy 

,  Bl  do. 


83 
80 
30,  10 
«t 
36 
37 
30 
17 
20 


fiiir 

do.  cloudy 

cloudy 

roin 

ihit 

du. 

do. 

do.  cloudy 

do. 


run 

OS 

renoe 
5.= 

^1 

XVS    1 

c 
a 

Apr. 
Ji 

0 

48 

o 

51 

\2 

5U 

58 

13 

52 

63 

14 

54 

65 

15 

58 

60 

16 

38 

47 

17 

39 

42 

18 

39 

48 

19 

48 

53 

20 

49 

60 

2\ 

52 

58 

22 

54 

60 

23 

54 

52 

24 

51 

59 

25 

40 

51 

S 

i 


W«adbr. 


30.34  Ido. 
,24  4o. 

I  15  :<io. 

,  10  do. 
29,  go  jdoudy 
30^  lU  fdo.  rtioir 

»  16  jdo.  do. 

29,  98  tloii.!? 

30,  ^JU  do.  fair 
,  47  do,  firt. 
,  4i  do.  d<j. 
.  41    fkir 

,  43  cloudjr 
,  30  ;do.  hit] 
,  04  <lo.  4o. 


DAILY  PRICE  OF  STOCKS, 
From  March  28,  to  Aprit  27,  1835,  both  incltuhv. 


28;- 

30 
31 

1 

8 


as 


-        la       S    . 


S  «     « ■• 


— m  i 

- — 91  i    il- 

9Ii     i- 

91  i  2  J 

91  i    2 

914     i- 

92       i- 

6\i\^9l       i|9li  24 

7  216*191       4  92     li 

8  2J04l/<)i  1491i 


9 91 

I0216i0li 

11- — !914 

]3  21<}j:9)l 
14217  {914 
15217  914 
16216  |9I 
18216^914 
9l>2l6if)U 
8l!2Iii^liili 

ni<i<>4'9i4 


S»BI6i 
148174 
«5 


87818 


i 


914 
914 
914 
914 


492 

49-^* 

i\i2 
492 

4««4 

4  924 
4  924 
4Wi 

4  924 
4  924 
4  924 
2  924 
2924 
4,*!4 


9f)^ 

■! 994 

,994 

-—I 991 

,  — '99J1U) 

9841  98/99iK>tJ4 
98  j  Klli  904 
98|  <J9i  i 
991 994  I' 
9Wt'  I00|  ' 
9b,  9ftil(LiO 
9Hj  I1HI  9<)^ 
984!Wil(M) 
98^9^1 1  IK) 


4  — 

i— 

*'— 

i  — 
i  — 


-'1024 


90 


984; 
984 

984 


2 

n 

i — 
4  \Jhi, 

4 — - 
4  984 
2  m] 


2    981'  984JX»iHMJ 
981  IHjj  1001 
88^1    1004 
9h4  tU04 
99  ,1004 
9!>4  UXJ4 

Wi  1004 

994  \{M)l 
994,1004 


2- 

4 ' 

« : 

i   99  . 
4  994 

i  1004 

i\ i 


o 


Ex.  htlk, 
jtiooa 


22  pm. 


90  fl920pmJ 

[I9  21pn.: 

-;2021pm.' 

n.  20  |>fn.  I 

19  2lpiD.| 


37  .•iJ>}.ai 

39  37  JUL. 

37  i&  jia. 

38  44>  pm. 
41  UijiitL 
4i)  41  {MB. 
41   39pm. 

40  41  pa. 
40  41  pm. 

j 1 ,192l|)tn.'  40  41  pm. 

"  48  40po. 

40  41 
40  S8j 

39  S7l 
30 
•ij  371 


19  pm. 


6i 

«•■ 

61 12584  21  I9pni 

^   1— 2019  pm. 

(ij  J  03^ IsJoB  '■ 


(ii — = 2.i8i  18  20  pm. 

«•    r)Oi\ ^J2.57ja>lhpm- 

7 |258i    Iw  pill. 

7   1 25h    Ui  iHj.r 

64 ■—] 17I9J. 

7   , ' 20  ,1111. 

258 


«i ; 1258    lb2«>|.m.  36  371 

6i ; 258    1820piii.  37  36 

«4 ; ,1820 pro  as  S7[ 

7  , 1 |l8?0i.ii.  :Y2  3&I 


W 


860    l> 


It 


'•  371 
o36 


Old  Soath  S«ft  Annuities  April  15,  80f 
J.  J,  ARNULL.  StocU  BtoV*t,  \,  'iiwo 


AAL 


J,  a.  KICKQU  Mf»  %n>^t  ^x: 


*k%.V 


•  ••■ 


•  ••• 

•••• 

••• 


THE 

GENTLEMAN'S  MAGAZINE. 

JUNE,  1835. 


By  SYLVANUS  URBAN,  Gent. 


CONTENTS.  ;ag. 

Mixom  CORBCBFOMDBHCS.— ValpT'i  and  Grant's  Latin  Orammart— The  Me- 

lancthon  MSS.— Lines  firom  Hadibraa— Family  of  Markenfield,  &c.  &c 56S 

Works  of  Cowper,  edited  bj  Memes  and  Grimshawe ^^ 

Lines  on  Mrs.  Unwin'a  Picture ^^9 

Diary  or  a  Lcvbr  of  LiTsaATVRs ^"^^ 

ReeoUeetions  of  the  late  William  linley,  Esq.   By  Rer.  W.  Usle  Bowles &74 

Witchcraft  at  Benhall  in  Suffolk *J^ 

The  N«w  Record  Commission,  No.  L— Close  RoUs  of  King  John 577 

Monanents  of  the  Long  Family  *** 

Errors  in  Raines's  Lancashire Pariah  of  Bolton,  &c *••  ^^ 

Roman  Inscriptions  fband  at  Caerleon • ^'^ 

Crypt  at  St.  Saviour's,  Soathwark ^^ 

Remarks  on  the  Currency • ^^ 

Mkmorials  or  Literary  Charactbrs,  No.  VI. 
Letters  of  Congrere  to  Tonson  the  Bookadler,  609.— Family  of  Dr.  Donne, 

610.— Notices  of  Edward  Hannes,M.D ^1* 

Arms  of  the  Family  of  CaTendish,  at  Cavendish,  Snffolk ^' 

Profestior  Hecren  on  the  ancient  Commerce  of  India,  613.— Beetle — Opium,  615 

— Attar  of  Roses — Shawl-wool 6*7 

Deified  Head  of  Hadrian  found  in  the  Thames • ^1^ 

REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 
Hope's  Historical  EsiMy  on  Architecture,  61!). — Heraud's  Descent  into  Hell, 
6'^. — History  of  Foundations  in  Manchester,  630. — Bertrand's  Revo- 
lutions of  the  (jlobc,  6.10. — ,Tohni>on's  Life  of  Thomas  Linacrc,  (J.M. — Ri- 
fiiardson's  English  Dictionary,  614. — Loudon's  Arboretum  Britannicum, 
6.W — Dnerini^'N  Horace,  (W7. — Dalzel's  Analecta  Graca,  (>38. — Christian 
Freedom;  Ilollins's  Memoirs  of  George  III.;  Taylor's  Catechism  of  the 
C'urrency,  6:i!). — C^ourthope's  Synopsis  of  the   Baronetage ;   Strickland's 

I*ili;rims  of  Walsinghnm 640 

LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 

New  Publications,  ()4I . — Learned  Societies,  &c 643 

ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES.— Society  of  Antiquaries,  &c 647 

HISTORICAL  CHRONICLE. —  Proceedings  in  Parliament,  641).— Foreign 

News,  fj.'iO. — Domestic  Occurrences,  (m1. — Tlieatriral  Regi^tc^ 6.i3 

Promotions,  ftc.  Goli. — Births  and  Marriages 654 

OBITUARY;  with  Memoirs  of  Emperor  of  Austria;  Ix>rd  dc  Dunstanvillc ; 
.<;ir  Charles  Mill,  Hart.;  Lt.-Gen.  Sir  W.  Cockburn,  Bart.;  Sir  Peter 
Parker,  Bart.;  Sir  George  I.  Tapps,  Bart.;  Sir  A.M.  Mackenzie,  Bart.; 
General  Sir  H.  John.«on,  Bart.;  General  Freeman;  Major-Gen.  J.  P.  Mur- 
ray ;  Capt.  Bastard,  R.  N. ;  Capt.  Bremer,  R.  N. ;    Prince  Hoare,  Esq. ; 

Thomas  Park,  Esq. ;  Rev.  Edward  Irving W.'i.'i 

Ci.KRKY  Dkckased,  (i(>.). — Draths,  arraug^  in  Counties 667 

Bill  of  Mortality — Markets — Prices  of  Shares,  67 1 — Meteorological  Diary — Stocks  67'i 
Kmhellished  with  Engravings  of  the  Crypt  at  St.  Saviour's,  .^oi'thwark  ; 
Monuments  at  Sorrii  Wraxali.  and  Draycot  Ckrne,  Wilts:  and  the  Arms 
of  the  (.'avendisii  Family,  at  Cavendish.  Suffolk. 


562 


MINOR  CORRESPONDENCE. 


valpy's  and  grant'*  i.ati:!( 
grammars. 
The  Editor,  at  all  times  desinius  of 
not  unnvt-mMuilf  wounding  the  honest 
frelinpi  of  any  re^prctablc  man,  refnrU 
that  hi'  inailvrrtontiT  permitted  insertion, 
in  the  la^t  number,  to  a  f>hort  article 
•igned  '*  A  Ijover  of  Justice,"  reflerting 
un  the  literarT  conduct  of  Mr.  Grant. 
He  was  not  aware,  at  the  time,  that  the 
charge  now  so  unreasonably  revived,  (in 
Mr.  (i.'s  opinion,  as  "  a  sort  of  literary 
or  Imokselling  puff,  or  to  serve  soma 
other  selfish  or  mercenary  purpose"),  had 
been  amply  and  satisfactorily  exposed  by 
Mr.  G.  trfll  nigh  thirty  ynn  ayo,  in  a 
long  article  inserted  in  Vol.  XXVII. 
part  1,  for  li)0<),  of  the  Monthly  Ma- 
gazine. Mr.  Grant  rniuests  the  Editor  to 
intimate,  that,  "  when  called  on  in  an 
open,  manly,  and  candid  manner,  he  is 
quite  ready  to  defend  himself,  and  to  re- 
pel impertinent  charges,  but  that  he  must 
decline  holding  any  direct  communication 
with  any  anonymous  slanderer." 

Mr.  \v.  Y.  Ottley  remarks:  "At 
p.  •IXH  I  And  a  brief  mention  of  Um  Ca- 
talogue of  Dr.  KIoBs'a  etirioas  Library, 
now  on  sale  at  Messn.  Sotheby's,  which 
might  iH).ssibly  lead  your  readers  to  sup- 
poKC.  that  I,  in  some  measure  at  least, 
was  instrumental  in  discovering  that  nu- 
merous printed  hooks  and  M8S.  iu  this 
collection  formerly  Itelonged  to  Melan- 
ctbon,  were  I  not  to  give  this  expla- 
nation. The  fact  is,  I  had  no  jmrt 
whatever  in  bringing  to  light  those  before 
unknown  treasures,  the  merit  of  which 
entirely  belongs  to  Mr.  Leigh  Sotheby ; 
though  it  is  true  that,  in  two  or  three 
instances,  Mr.  Sotheby  consulted  me  as 
to  the  probable  date  <if  the  )>aper  upon 
which  some  of  them  are  written  ;  when 
it  so  happened  that  my  o]union  of  the 
age  of  the  |>nper-marks  chanced  to  agree 
with  his  i>revious  conjectures." 

H.  remarks :  "  Your  correspondent, 
in  p.  33H,  has  only  quoted  one  half  of 
the  Iludibrastic  lines : 

For  he  that  lights  and  runs  away, 
May  live  to  tight  another  day ; 
Dut  he  that's  in  the  battle  slain, 

.  Will  never  live  to  light  again. 

Now,  it  is  true  these  very  lines  are  not 
to  Ih"  found  in  lludibras ;  yet  exactly  the 
banie  sentinu-nt  is  compressed  into  the 
^inKle  couplet — 

For  tlio^e  lliiit  fly  may  (i^'ht  agHiii, 

Wliii-h  he  I'liii  never  do  that's  ^Iain  ; 
«hi«-h   will   >ir  found  in   Hutlcr'!)   poem. 


Part  III.  canto  :t,  v.  243.  But  its  ori- 
ginal is  a  Greek  proverb  attributed  to 
Demosthenes. 

We  beg  to  acknowledge  a  more  ex- 
tended communication,  nearly  to  the 
iune  purpose,  from  Mr.  WitxiAn 
Bailbt. 

To  the  inquiry  of  our  correspondent 
(p.  450)  respecting  the  fiunily  of  Tho- 
mas Markenfield,  who  was  attainted  of 
treason  in  1569.  X.  Y.  can  add  a  few 
scattered  memorials.  A  part  of  his  pos- 
sessions were  granted  by  the  Qaeea  (4 
Nov.  14  Eiiz.)  to  Sir  George  Bowes, 
under  certain  limitations ;  John  Marlwn- 
field,  his  brother,  was  confined  in  Dur- 
ham jail  on  the  1st  Jan.  1569-70;  in 
the  list  of  his  "  household  and  retainen" 
appear  the  names  of  George  Markenfield 
and  Nynye  Markenfield.  William  Mark- 
enfield, in  all  probability  a  near  re- 
lation, was  in  1579  employed  as  a  con- 
fidential ngent  of  Sir  George  Bowes,  in 
the  management  and  disposal  of  his 
farming  produce,  whilst  Sir  Geom  was 
Deputy  Governor  of  Berwick ;  and  in  a 
deposition  respecting  Sampson  Norton, 
Markenfield  states  that  he  was  "  onfor- 
tunately"  engaged  in  the  rebellion  of  the 
EarU. — W.  P.  refers  to  a  pedigree  of 
Markenfield,  in  the  Y'orkshire  Visi- 
tation of  l.iH4. 

G.  II.  wishes  to  learn  in  whose  hands 
the  MS.  Journal  of  Sir  Thos.  Gresham, 
cited  by  Ward,  (Lives  of  the  Gresham 

Professors,  Vol.  I  )  is  now? 

H.  S.  is  desirous  to  procure  copies, 
for  publication,  of  the  autographs  of 
Stephen  Hawes,  Bishop  Corbiet,  Giles 
Fletcher,  Quarks,  Uabington,  Lovelace, 
and  Koscommon,  and  will  feel  grateful 
for  information  that  may  enable  him  to 
obtain  either  of  them. 

S.  would  be  obliged  if  any  of  our  Cor- 
respondents could  inform  him  where  the 
carving  that  formerly  existed  in  the  great 
room  at  Bagnigge  Wells  Tea-Gardens, 
said  to  represent  the  efligy  of  Nell 
Gwynn,  surrounded  by  festoons  of  fruit 
and  flowers,  has  been  removed. 

The  rumoured  death  of  the  Hon.  Mr. 
Moreton  (p.  4-1'-')  was  a  false  re|M)rt. — 
The  late  W.  Cary.  esq.  (p.  .'i.'iH)  died  in 
July  last,  in  his  H.Oth  year ;  he  was  only 
once  SlH-rifl"  of  StafTordsliire,  in  1808, 
His  father  was  the  Rev.  Henry  Cary; 
and  tor  Killnloe  read  Killala.  Col.  Carr 
died  July  V.). 


THK 

GENTLEMAN'S    MAGAZINE. 


fVorks  of  Cowper,  by  John  S.  Mf.mks,  LL.D.   Vol.1. 
Works  of  Cowfter,  btf  Rev.  T.  S.  Grimsuawk,  Vol*.  J.  II. 

NO  present  could  he  more  acceptable  to  the  public,  than  a  complete 
arid  iiutheiitic  edition  of  Cowpers  VVorks  ;  while  any  nrlditional  in- 
formation, w'illj  rej^rd  to  the  history  of  the  Poet's  life,  will  be  gratefully 
rec'-'ived.  The  chief  defect  in  Mr.  Xletue's  edition  we  conceive  to  contfist 
in  the  contTovernial  diameter  of  the  life  ;  for  which  room  is  irnrortnnately 
given  lx>th  by  the  opinions  of  Cowper  in  matters  of  relig;ion,  and  by 
the  silence  or  suppression  of  important  facts  on  this  subject,  by  his 
friend  and  first  biographer,  Mr.  Hayley.  N\'ith  rej^ard  to  CoA»per's  nie- 
lauchoty  aberration  of  mind,  we  agree  with  Mr.  Mcmcs,  that  it  sprang 
from  a  constitutional  malady,  and  was  not  pro<luced  or  even  increased 
by  his  views  of  religion,  further  than  as  they  formed  the  perpetual 
theme  of  his  dark  and  unhappy  meditations,  and  thus,  as  it  were,  ex- 
hausted the  little  mental  strength  which  was  left,  and  retarded  or  pre- 
cluded recovery.  But  this  may  be  more  justly  considered  the  elTecl, 
and  r»ot  the  existing  cause ;  for  insanity  is  shown  by  the  periK'tual  pre- 
sence of  one  leading  idea,  excluding  all  others,  or  converting  them  into 
it*  own  form  :  Cowper's  insanitj-  showed  itBcIf  when  he  was  a  worldly  man. 
being  in  the  world  ;  and  though  Mr.  MemesK  reflections  on  this  part  of  the 
subject  sound  a  little  harsh,  we  have  little  doubt  of  their  justice.  Uimju 
the  whole,  so  far  fnim  considering  the  society  with  which  Cowper  in- 
timately lived,  and  ivhich  he  dccjdy  loved,  as  prejudicial  to  the  peace  of  hii 
mind,  or  the  soundness  of  his  intellect,  we  should  rather  consider  him  as 
cast  providentially  among  those  who,  by  years  of  constant  vigilance,  un- 
wearied affection  and  re8|M:ct,  tender  solicitude,  and  caJm  retired  habits, 
preserved  his  mind  for  long  periods  cheerful  and  even  happy  ;  kept  an 
anxious  eye  and  a  wi«c  judgment  over  his  gloomier  hours,  prese^^'cd  him 
sacred  from  all  vulgar  and  worldly  intrusion,  and  probably  saved  him  from 
a  continued  life  that  would  have  been  worse  than  death,  and  darker  than 
the  grave.  NVe  have  seldom  seen  assembled  round  any  roan  friends  at  once 
so  tender,  so  affectionate,  and  so  wise :  the  eyes  of  love  were  apou  him  for 
near  forty  years,  and  followed  him  to  his  grave. 

Mr.  Memes  has  passed  over  a  ver)'  delicate  portion  of  Cowper's  history— 
that  relating  to  the  mptnrc  with  Lady  Justin.  That  it  arose  from  some 
jealousy  (who  shall  call  it  unjust,  or  even  unkind  ?)  on  the  part  of  Mrs. 
Unwin,  no  one  can  doubt;  and  it  seetns  just  to  have  interposed  in 
time  ;  for  the  present  biographer  more  than  hints,  that  L4<dy  Austin  would 
ha>e  married  the  |)0ct,  whom  she  had  long  fascinated  :  and  what  would 
have  been  the  effect  of  such  a  change,  on  such  a  mind,  it  is  im[K>ssible  to 
think  without  alarm  !  Perhaps  they  were  both  saved  from  very  great  sor- 
rows and  disappointment!*.  The  close  of  Cowper's  life  must  still  have  been 
clouded  ;  and,  at  best,  I^ady  Austin  would  have  had  the  grateful  but  most 
raclanchoiy  task  of  performing  w  hat  other  hands  w  ere  fated  to  do ;  and 
wat4>hinir  an  a  wife  the  ruins  of  thatg«ntle  and  lovely  mittd,  which  she  bad 
'-'  tvitb  happiness,  when  she  gave  herself  away-    This  ira« 


I 


564  Worki  of  Cowjter.  IJvue, 

the  be$t  that  could  hare  happened ;  bat  what  shall  we  sa^,  if  tlie  |MCtare  ia  to 

be  still  darkened,  and  gloomier  sosindons  to  arise  ?    \Se  would  not,  for  the 

world,  throw  an  injurious  or  unmanly  reproach  on  the  character  of  this  or 

any  other  female  :  we  have  been  delighted  with  the  descriptioa  of  Lady 

Austin's  enlightened  mind,  cheerful  disposition,  and  apparently  devoted  as 

disinterested  attachment,  to  the  secluded,  forlorn  poet :    bat  there  is  a 

passage  on  this  subject  we  have  met  with,  that  gave  us  great  pain  wbea 

we  firat  read  it,  and  which  we  should  not  certainly  have  mentioned,  had  it 

not  proceeded  from,  what  we  consider  to  be  the  anthority  of  one  of  the 

most  enlightened,  learned,  benevolent,  and  Christian  men  that  this  or  any 

age  has  produced — we  mean  the  late  Bishop  Jebb.    We  shall  give  the  few 

words  he  says  without  any  comment  of  oar  own,  confessing  oar  inalnlity 

to  throw  any  light  upon  it.     In  his  Correspondence,  pabiiahed   in  two 

volumes,  in  vol.  1.  p.  274,  he  says,  *'  1  have  rather  a  severer  idea  oj^  Lai§ 

AmsttM  thait  I  shomld  wish  to  pui  into  uriting  for  pmblicatiotu     I  mlmmt 

Miupect  the  was  a  very  artful  ipoaiaa ;  hut  I  need  not  enlarge  on  if,"  fcc 

Were  this  the  case,  which  fervently  we  hope  it  was  not,  then  does  Mil. 

Unwiu's  interposition  appear  truly  providential,  and  little  less  than  the 

heaven -directed  impulse  of  an  arm  that  rescued  Cowper  from  sinking 

deeper  into  madness,  destitution,  and  despair. 

There  is  another  point  in  Cowper's  Inc^raphy,  on  which  we  would  speak 
a  word  or  two.  While  most  of  bis  friends,  male  and  female,  have  received 
their  proper  share  of  pruse ;  and  due  investigations  have  been  made  into 
their  histories,  talents,  and  virtues,  we  consider  that  Cowper's  brother  has 
been  passed  over  by  all  the  biographers  without  sufficient  notice  :  and  in- 
deed Cowper's  lines — 

Peace  to  the  memory  of  ■  man  of  worth, 
A  man  of  letters,  and  of  manners  too, 

— seem  to  have  been  interfireted  by  them  too  literally,  as  if  pmx  meant 
tilent'ntm.  We  therefore  observe  that  this  brother  was  a  very  profound  and 
distinguished  scholar ;  a  man  of  great  acquirements  and  various  learning, 
as  well  as  of  talents ;  and  that  further  inquiries  should  be  made  concerning 
him.  Before  his  hist  illness,  he  was  preparing  a  very  accurate  and  elabo- 
rate edition  of  Apollonius  Rhodius;  and  some  account  of  it,  as  well  as  of 
him,  may  be  found  in  the  Correspondence  of  Dr.  Samuel  Parr,  published 
by  Dr.  Johnston. 

Mr.  Memos  has  not  made  any  remark  on  Cowper's  very  high  and 
extraordinary   praise  of  the  Latin  poems   of  Vincent   Bourne,    giving 
them  the  preference  to  the  Elegiacs  of  Ti  bull  us  and  Propertius,   and 
making  him  equal  to  Ovid.     Xow  we  would  say  a  word  or  two  on  that 
subject :  we  have  no  wish  to  underrate  the  scholastic  acquirements  or  taste 
of  the  poet  of  Weston  ;  but  when  he  offered  up  this  tribute  of  admiration 
to  the  memory  of  a  favourite  and  a  friend,  at  the  expense  of  high  and  an- 
cient reputations,  we  certainly  do  not  think  that  he  kept  in  mind  the  refiued 
principles  of  art  which  the  Latin  poets,  whom  he  mentions,  used  in  their 
beautiful  compositions,  and  the  finished  effect  of  their  finest  works.     The 
fact  is,  Cow{)er's  decision  (we  speak  candidly  and  to  scholars)  is  prepos- 
terous ;  who,  in  their  senses,  would  think  of  preferring  V.  Bourne  to  Ovid  ? 
and  yet  Quinctilian,  no  indifferent  judge,  ranks  Ovid  below  both  Tibulius 
and  Propertius.  Where,  in  the  poems  of  Bourne,  is  that  opulence  of  genius, 
that  fertility  of  allusion,  that  splendour  of  imagery,  that  ease,  and  grace, 
and  facility  of  language,  which  distinguish  the  Roman  poet  >     We  do  not 
wish  to  detract  an  iota  from  Vinnys  well-earned  fame ;  but  he  had  not  the 
inFentire  genins  of  a  poet :  he  was  a  skilful  and  tasteful  imitator  and 


Works  of  Cowpcr. 

translator ;  bis  style  easy,  elegant,  and  happy ;  y^t  he  occasionally  uses 
expressious  which,  if  true  to  Latiuity,  did  not  betotig  to  kis  sti/le ;  and 
occsisioiially  lie  sins  a^nst  the  strict  rules  of  gmtntiiarand  prosody.  Be- 
sides, the  lloinaii  [)octs  wfrt-  men  of  original  talents.  Bourne,*  when  he 
was  not  a  traiuilator,  ivaa  nothing  j  and  lastly,  we  think  some  of  his  hap- 
piest and  cleverest  poems  to  be  those  not  written  in  the  elegiac  manner 
of  Tibullus.  This  leads  us  to  say  a  word  on  what  Mr.  Meines  lias 
treated  intidentaJly,  namely,  Cowpcr's  scholarship,  or,  in  other  words, 
the  uaturc  of  bis  acquirements  in  the  ancient  languages.  The  word  scholar 
may  be  applied  with  justice  to  two  different  classes  of  j)erson8  ;  first,  and 
par  eKcelieuce,  to  such  men  as  Beutley  and  Porson,  and  others  who  have 
deeply  studied  the  structure  of  the  ancient  languages,  the  beauties  of  their 
construction,  the  elegance  of  their  idioms,  and  the  |K*culinrities  of  their 
grammar.  Such  ntcu  were  Sailiger,  Salmasius,  and  Casaiibou  of  ancient 
days,  and  such  the  Biwkhs  and  Hermanns  of  the  present ;  but  he  also 
may  truly  be  called  a  scholar,  uho,  without  entering  into  the  tliorny 
study  of  grammarians,  and  lexicographerti,  and  Buphists,  and  that  nice  of 
Cacoiltemotis,  at  once  understands  the  language,  and  imbibes  the  spirit, 
and  feels  the  exeelience  of  the  great  writers  of  Athens  and  Rome,  Such 
scholars  in  later  days  have  not  been  wanting;  we  would  point  to  the 
names  of  Fox,  and  U'iudham.,  and  Caiining,  and,  above  all,  Mr.  H,  Frere, 
to  illustrate  our  lueaning.  This  is  tlic  scholarship  of  the  statcsmnn,  the 
historian,  the  poet,  and  the  man  of  letters  ;  and  it  is  this  knowledge  uf  the 
language  of  antiquity,  and  sensibility  to  its  excellence,  that  in  the  present 
day  distinguislies  alike  those  accomplished  persons  who  now  preside  in 
the  highest  places  f  over  the  State  and  the  Church.  Dr.  Johnson  wis 
a  scholar  :Jso  of  this  class  j|  he  possessed  great  facility  of  Latin  com- 
position, both  in  verse  and  prose,  and  his  memory  was  enriched  with  the 
finest  sentiments  of  antiquity  preserved  in  the  words  of  their  authors  ;  but 
he  was  not  critically  skilled  either  in  l>reek  or  Latin  ;  he  liad  never  en- 
tered into  the  study  of  philology  in  the  ancient  languages  j  and  neither 
his  verses  nor  his  I^tin  inscriptions  are  proof  against  the  attack  of  a 
sturdy  graunnurian.  Such  is  the  attainment  which  Cowper  also  posscssedj 
and  which  he  jtrobably  brought  from  the  excellent  education  which  he  re- 
ceived at  Westminster  ;  it  much  resembled  that  of  his  friend  and  master. 
Vincent  Bourne.  With  regard  to  his  translation  of  Homer,  we  think 
Cowper  has  done  all  that  could  fairly  be  exi>ectcd,  on  the  plan  which  he 


*  We  poxess  his  own  copy  of  bis  Poemi ;  with  im  epitapb  on  htmcelf,  and  &  moat 
extraordinarj  attack  on  th«  ch&mcteranri  honour  of  Dr-  Arbuthnot. 

t  This  was  written  in  April  1835,  when  Sir  R.  Peel  vas  Prime  Minister.  Alaal 
that  we  must  tmj  VHU — Of  Arcbbiiihop  How  ley  we  «ball  My,  that  the  venerable  waUs 
of  Laoibech  never  owned  a  more  accomplished  schoUr  u  their  inmate,  from  the  dayi 
of  Cranmer  to  the  present. 

X  Dr.C.  Burney  lentDr.  John»onDorrille'sCrilie«  Vannus  sfrninst  Pauw.wtth  which 
he  was  much  interested  ;  thin  was  near  the  termination  of  hi^  Ufe  ;  be  also  informed 
the  some  person,  who  applied  to  biro  fur  aiisistjuice  in  editing  the  remains  of  the 
Greek  Comic  writers,  that  he  had  never  attended  to  that  hne  of  scholurthip.  Dr.  J. 
Warton  has  pointed  out  some  errors  in  his  Translation  of  Pope'n  Me^sinb  ;  and  gram- 
matical  errors  arc  to  be  found  in  his  inscriptions.  Dr.  Parr  told  the  author  of  this 
note  that  Johnson  was  a  good  jud^  of  Latin  style,  thou<h  he  himself  did  not  write 

correctly.     Johnson  was,   howirvcr,  a  good  schtil-r '     '     '  '• plicntion  snp- 

ported  his  natural  powers  of  mind,  be  might  havi-  iiituM-lf.     To 

speak  ofhim  as  a  man  of  ertufi/ion,  i»  absurd  ;  be   i  imt  (be  lea 

log  be  postcised  was  admirably  digttttd,  sod  always  available. 


-^       -" 


566  Workg  of  Comper.  [Jae, 

adopted—it  was  a  transktkm  as  literal  in  letter  and  in  afnrit  aa  oodd  be 
ad<^ted.  We  do  not  say  that  it  could  not  be  partially  improved,  but  it  is  fiutk* 
fal  to  the  original,  and  possesses  much  of  poetic  merit  Neither  his  norPope't 
are  able  to  reflect  the  original,  as  in  the  mirror  of  a  modem  langvage.  Pope 
has  lost  the  fine  antique  cbamcter,  the  simple,  venerable  form  of  the  Greek 
poet,  and  has  tliroH-n  over  the  whole  a  florid  verbiage,  and  the  amtimeals 
and  thov^ts  of  another  and  very  diflerent  age.  Cowper,  in  seizing  the  sense 
and  even  the  words,  has  often  sacrificed  the  spirit,  the  grace,  the  oaient^,  the 
variety  of  the  original,  for  both  could  not  be  preserved.  There  is  still  rooa 
for  the  third  attempt,  which  is  for  a  man  of  genius  to  perform  to  Homer  whst 
Dryden  did  to  Virgil — catch  the  ideas  of  the  autluMr,  and  then  deliver  then 
in  his  own  manner,  and  heightened  by  his  own  genius  |  this,  perhaps,  after 
all,  would  be  the  most  successful,  and  convey,  though  not  by  the  nearest 
road,  the  truest  character  of  the  first  great  poem  of  antiquity.  The  freest 
and  boldest  8|)eciffieu  of  versification  which  Cowper  has  given  to  us,  ia  that  of 
his  Yardley  Oak,  and  which,  therefore,  becomes  a  most  valuable  fragment, 
as  affording  to  us  a  more  complete  knowledge  of  the  powers  of  the  author. 
We  will  end,  by  giving  a  short  specimen  of  Cowper's  translation  of  the 
Iliad,  with  one  printed  some  years  after,  by  our  old  friend  the  Rev.  C. 
Dunstcr,  the  editor  of  Milton,  in  admitted  rivalry  of  the  poet  of  Weston^ 
(1807). 

COWPKR. 

He  spake :  the  old  priest  trembled  and  obey'd. 
SUent  he  roam'd  the  load  remannoring  shore, 
T^Il  far  retired  the  veaerable  man 
Prafcd  to  his  sovereign  god,  Latona's  son. 

*  Mr.  Knight  considers  Cowper  to  have  "  completely  failed  io  his  translation  of 
the  Iliad,"  which  he  thinks  a  presamptive  proof  that  blank  verse  is  not  raited  to  that 
species  of  composition.  On  that  sabject  Cowpor's  preface  should  be  coosnlted,  and 
we  beg  leave  to  refer  to  what  is  said  in  the  Lives  of  Dryden  and  Pamell,  in  the  AI- 
dine  edition.  It  most  be  said,  that  parts  of  Homer  suffer  ranch  in  Cowper's  language, 
flrom  the  Grecian  mantle  being  torn  from  them, — which  is  particularly  felt  in  the  early 
books,  and  in  the  disputes  of  the  chiefii ;  their  recrimination,  and  vitvperatiTe  lan- 
puge,  assume  a  coarseness  almost  bordering  on  vulgarity,  and  below  the  dignity  of 
heroic  poetry.  Again,  there  is  a  dramatic  abruptness  in  the  addresses  not  to  b« 
found  in  the  flowing  and  tranquil  m^esty  of  the  original.  These  iqtpear  to  as  to  be 
the  chief  defects  of  Cowper.  We  have  just  room  to  give  the  foUowing  Knes,  as  a 
specimen  of  an  in^troper  style ;  they  form  the  speech  of  Patroclus : 

Ye  gods !  with  what  agility  he  dives ! 
Ah  1  it  were  well  if  in  the  fishy  deep 
This  man  were  occupied ;  he  might  no  few 
With  oysters  satisfy ;  altho'  the  waves 
Were  churlish,  plunging  headlong  from  his  bark 
As  easily  as  from  his  chariot  here. 
So  then — in  Troy  it  seems,  are  divers  too. 

There  are  also  some  ungraceful,  and  some  incorrect  expressions,  as — brood  his 
hoards — speerhing  still — into  his  poll — idle  prate — key'd  it  fast — mendicatcd  mess — 
giving  to  Greek  words*  the  Englishletter  J,aBJanicra,  Jordan,  Ike.  Cow|>erhas  given  a 
wrong  quantity  throughout  to  Sperchius,  which  in  long,  and  tu  Sunium,  which  is 
short,  and  to  the  penultimate  syllable  of  Hyperion,  which  is  long.  Also  A>9v«'«i 
(Od.  V.)  should  not  have  been  translated  '  seamew,'  as  that  bird,  owing  to  the  buoy, 
ancy  of  his  feathers,  has  not  the  power  of  diving ;  and  Homer  was  an  accurate 
observer  of  nature.  The  fn^os  of  Homer  should  not  be  translated  the  beech-tree,  as 
Co«7>er  and  Pope  have  done.  It  is  an  oak,  and  vrc  doubt  whetlicr  the  beech  is  to  be 
found  at  all  in  the  plain  of  Troy.  The  four  different  8(>ccie3  of  oak  are— robur, 
quercus,  aesculus,  fagus. 


Worfcs  of  Ctneper. 

*'  God  of  d»e  •Over  bow.  who  with  ihy  power 

Eninrclettt  Chrysa,  and  who  reign'st  siiipreme 

Id  I'enedtis  and  Cilica  th«  di>iiu% 

Sminthijin  Apollo  I     If  I  e'er  adorned 

Thy  beauteons  fac«,  or  on  (hjr  altar  baaad 

The  ftiX  Acceptable  of  balls  and  goats, 

Graot  my  petition ;  with  thy  ihiifts  avengo 

Od  the  Achoian  ho«t  thj  •errant**  tcani/* 

Soch  prayer  he  made,  and  it  waa  heard.     The  god 

Down  from  Olympns  with  hfs  radiant  bow 

And  his  {vlL\  qniver*  o'er  his  shoalder  flaDKt 

March 'd  in  his  aiii^er;  shaken  as  he  moveo, 

Hix  rattling  arrows  told  of  biK  approach, 

Like  night  he  came,  and  seated  with  the  chips 

In  view,  dispatched  an  arrow.     Clanged  the  cord 

Dread  sounding,  bounding  on  the  silver  bow. 

Mules  first  and  dogs  he  struck,  hnt  aiming  soon 

Again.st  the  Greeks  themselves,  his  bitter  shafta 

Smote  them.     The  freoucnt  piles  blazed  ai|{bt  and  day. 

Nine  days  throughout  the  eamp  his  arrows  flew, 

'l*hc  tenth,  AcluUcs  from  nil  parts  convened 

Tlie  host  in  ('onnnl.     Jove'N  majestic  spouse 

Moved  at  the  sirht  nf  Greciians  oil  around 

ICxpiring,  tuuci  '  '        '       mu  with  the  thought. 

The  full  nssem'ii  now  conven'd. 

Uprose  AobUlc:>  j.  .:. ....  ..uU  began. 


DCNSTRB. 

He  spake — the  trembling  aire  obeyed,  nor  aught 
Keplicd,  as  by  the  broad  re«ounding  «ea 
Onward  he  moved,  but  somewhat  (hence  withdrawn 
With  ntauy  a  votive  prayer  he  thus  invoked 
A|K>Uo,  whom  fair-iiAired  Latuna  Ixirc, 
'  God  of  the  silver  bowl  oh,  hear  me  !  thou 
That  Chrysa  guord'st,  and  C'yllias  favour'd  soil, 
Thou  that  in  Tenedos  rul'st ! — Sminthean  hear ! 
If  e'er  thy  honoured  temple  I  have  deck'd 
With  blooming  wreaths,  and  on  thy  altars  burned 
The  fat  of  bulls  and  goats,  oh !  hear  my  prayer. 
From  thy  avenging  arrows  may  the  Greeks 
Suffer  for  all  these  tears  they  wring  from  met' 
Thus  spake  he  supplicating — to  his  prayer 
I'hcebua  Apollo  bent  a  favouring  ear. 
Then  fri>m  Olympus'  hei^^hls,  breathing  revenge, 
Descended  ;  from  hiii  shoulders  hung  his  bow 
And  well-compacted  quivers;  as  he  urg'd 
Furious  his  coarse,  the  arrows  at  his  back 
Clanked  with  his  every  motion-     Lowering  dark 
A*  night  he  came,  and  from  the  ships  aloof 
His  station  took  ;  thence  as  a  shaft  he  ahot. 
Dire  was  the  twanging  of  his  silver  bow ; 
The  mules  and  sirift-foot  dogs  he  first  assailed. 
Then  'gainst  the  ho»t,  launching  his  fatal  darts 
Smote  thcin  ;  incessant  blaz'd  the  funeral  6rt» 
Frriiuculiirouud,  as  nine  day;*  thro'  the  camp 
His  vengeful  arrows  sped;  on  the  tenth  morn 
Tlie  iteriem]  (lopulace  Achilles  called 
To  (  'he  white-arm'd  goddess  mov'd, 

Jitio  ly  nioam'd  when  she  bebeld 

Ilcf  I ■ •'•  •  ' "■'- -jdc. 

When  all  .  <1,  tlius 

Uprising, 


^ks  of  Cowper. 

Since  writing  the  above,  we  have  received  the  new  edition  of  Cowper'i 
works,  by.  the  Rev.  T.  S.  Grimshawe.  The  editor  has  built  on  tlie 
fcHindadon  of  Hayley's  biographvj  supplying  the  omissions  niride  in  dw 
history  of  Cowpcr's  reUj^iious  opinions,  by  the  insertion  of  the  oonf>- 
pondcnce  which  Hayley,  in  mistaken  tenderness  of  feeling,  or  error <rf 
judgment,  had  silently  dropped  from  his  narrative.  In  point  of  fact,  Mf. 
Grimshawc's  will  be  the  most  full  and  authentic  collection  of  Covrper* 
correspondence  hitherto  gii^cn  to  the  public :  but  we  can  bestow  but  littk 
commendation  on  the  narrative  of  Mr.  Grixisthawe  ;  and  we  think  he  voild 
have  done  moat  wisely,  in  repriiiling  the  memoir  of  Cowper,  by  b>t  re- 
lative, Dr.  Jolinsou,  adding  any  notes  or  illustrations  which  might  haft 
been  nccessarj',  and  then  continuing  the  letters  in  a  series  unintermptcrf 
by  his  own  obaervations.  Mr.  Grimshawe  appears  to  be  a  very  pious  mi 
worthy  man  -,  bnt  he  evidently  is  not  a  jjersou  of  extensive  litcniture« 
one  who  has  much  studied  the  art  of  composition.  Many  of  his  ao' 
are  such  as  have  been  too  long  familiar  to  every  intelligent  reader,  to 
repetition  ;  and  we  should  not  be  surprised  to  hear,  from  those  not  faroor* 
able  to  his  design,  that  his  criticisms  are  8tale,  his  anecdotes  faaailiar.  and 
his  morality  common -place.  Without,  however,  going  so  far,  we  must  sav  that 
he  lias  afforded  very  little  originality  of  remark,  nor  much  elegance  of  diction  i 
and  we  arc  satisfied  that  the  biographer  of  Cow])er  has  not  yet  appeared. 
Hayley  is  at  once  diffuse  and  imperfect ;  Mr.  Mcmes,  as  we  have  said,  too 
controversial  and  not  always  correct  in  his  judgment ;  while  Dr.  Jobnaoa'f 
affectionate  narrative,  though  of  great  interest,  and  of  great  importance  in 
conveying  information  on  those  parts  of  Cowpcr's  life  hitherto  onknon 
to  the  [lublic,  was  intended  rather  as  a  supplement  to  Hayley,  than  as  an 
original  and  perfect  biograpliy.  A  life,  however,  though  ever  so  wdl 
written,  must  be  of  far  les?  interest  than  the  original  correspondence  ;  aid 
we  certainly  have  to  thank  Mr.  Grimshawe  for  being  the  first  to  lay  it  beforv 
us  in  a  perfect  and  authentic  manner  ;  when  coinpieted,  we  know  no  work 
of  a  similar  kind  in  the  English  language,  that  will  be  superior  to  it  tn 
interest ;  nor  any  letter-writer  who  {tossesses  snch  a  variety  of  powers  to 
please.  Cowper'a  humour  is  of  the  most  delicate  kind,  rit^ing  naturally  aad 
unexpectedly  out  of  the  tender  and  pensive  feelings  which  were 
familiar  to  him  :  his  reflections  are  just,  appropriate,  and  expressed 
admirable  clearness  and  precision  of  language,  and  his  obser^'a 
on  life  and  society,  come  with  a  double  charm  from  one  who  foi 
Ihera  from  reflection  in  the  solitude  of  his  retreat,  and  who  deli, 
us  by  the  novelty  which  even  familiar  objects  assnme,  from  the 
expected  manner  in  which  they  arc  viewed.  We  must  not 
hear  that  the  life  of  the  Man  of  Letters  is  devoid  of  interest,  when 
find  tlic  most  copious  and  rich,  and  varied  and  instructive  series  of  cw- 
rcspondence  that  «c  pos^jcss,  proceeding  from  the  unbroken  retirement  of 
the  most  secluded  village,  unenlivened  by  society,  and  even  unassisted  by 
the  smallest  collection  of  lx>okn  ;  so  much  does  a  fruitful  and  vigoroas 
mind  form  even  its  own  food.  In  his  youthful  and  vigorous  days  Cowper 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  a  hard  student ;  and  he  probably  never  added 
to  the  scholastic  knowledge  which  he  brought  from  WVstminstcr  -,  hit 
poetical  reading  was  cootiued  to  a  few  of  the  most  eminent  autltors  -,  aad 
we  have  often  been  surprised  that  he  has  not  spoken  of  Spenser,  as  of  OM 
whose  tenderness  and  delicacy  of  fancy,  we  should  haic  judged,  woold 
have  been  most  congenial  to  his  own.     He  mentions  not  having   looked 


k 


1835.]  Lines  on  a  Picture  of  Mrs.  UmaiH.  569 

into  Shakspeare  for  five-and-twenty  years  ;  and  he  never  heard  even  the 
name  of  Collins,  till  he  first  met  with  it  in  Johnson's  Lives  of  the  Poets. 
That  he  abstained  from  reading  the  English  Poets,  lest  he  should  impair 
his  originality,  was  a  weak  fancy  ;  for  barren  minds  may  borrow,  and  poor 
minds  may  steal ;  but  a  genius  so  truly  rich  as  his,  would  have  increased 
its  native  strength,  as  it  added  to  its  stores.  Hiat  he  did  not  sufiiciently 
study  the  works  of  his  predecessors,  may  be  occasionally  seen  in  his  own 
productions  ; — tiie  ouly  poet  who  seems  to  have  been  a  model  to  him  in 
his  lighter  pieces,  was  Prior  ;  and  some  of  his  poems  in  rhyme  more  re> 
scmbic  the  style  of  his  old  companion  Churchill,  than  Pope. 

We  must,  however,  now  break  off"  from  a  very  pleasing  subject  of  con- 
sideration ;  taking  the  liberty  of  adding  some  lines  we  once  hastily  wrote 
on  seeing  a  picture  x>f  Mrs.  Unwin  ;  and  as  we  have  been  criticising,  we 
bo])c  fairly,  another's  poetry,  we  now  crave  a  due  indulgence  for  our  owu> 

ON  MRS.  UNWIN'S  PICTURE. 
Yes  t  thou  art  all  that  I  had  thought  to  see 
Ix>ng  years  before  the  picturM  form  of  thee 
Rose  in  it's  pensive  beauty  to  enshrine 
With  magic  tints  each  graceful  look  of  thine. 
Woman  1  with  more  than  woman's  tenderness, 
I  gaze  upon  thy  Portrait,  and  I  bless 
The  hand  that  could  these  faithful  features  blend, 
And  give  to  me  poor  Conner' a  earliest  friend. 
Alas  !  when  genius  fell  a  prey  to  grief, 
Thy  gentle  hand  administer'd  relief, 
For  thou  could'st  sooth  him  with  a  smile  as  sweet. 
As  light  the  eyes  of  angels  when  they  meet, 
And  thou  could'st  make  the  gathering  storm  of  ill 
Break,  and  in  soft,  and  sunny  drops  distil. 
Oh  !  thou  most  gentle,  most  affectionate, 
With  pensive  look  how  meekly  hast  thou  sate, 
Watching  from  day  to  day,  from  year  to  year. 
The  ceaseless  conflict  of  remorse  and  fear, 
lliou  could'st  not  still  the  toHsing  g^lf  within, 
Nor  calm  the  pangs  of  self- imputed  sin  : 
But  thou  could'st  shed  one  melancholy  ray 
Along  the  surface  of  his  long  decay. 
Check  with  meek  look,  with  gentle  force  control, 
And  light  the  dark  recesses  of  the  soul. 
Young  Spring  in  vain  awoke  her  tenderett  green, 
Her  warbled  melodies,  her  varied  scene : 
The  calm  of  solitude  to  him  was  vain, 
The  brooklet's  murmor,  and  the  woodland  itraiQ  t 
In  helpless  sorrow,  or  in  fruitless  tears. 
He  mov'd  along  the  dark  descent  of  years. 
When  deeper  frowns  foretold  his  ekmag  day, 
When  all  but  wonua's  lore  had  fled  awaj : 
'Twas  thine  in  sorrow  to  be  fdthfU  sCffl ; 
Chase  every  donbc,  and  Hghtea  emy  ffli 
To  sooth  with  sfleaoet  or  «i&  laaiamm  c* 
Prolong  each  joy,  and  banish  vnrj  fnr* 
Each  sorrow  •moofOi,  AiaymMnJi* 
Ah  I  only  weak  to  I 
Gekt.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literaturt. 

PcMC  to  thy  gentle  shnde  !  thy  features  i 
Tlie  pennive  twilight  of  a  Poet's  dream  : 
So  soft,  so  mild  their  blended  rints  that  pUy 
Like  Summer-clouds  that  wander  west  away  : 
Those  beauteous  eyes  of  mild  ioteUigence, 
That  mingled  look  of  softness  and  of  scnac: 
Affection  too,  as  warm  as  wedded  lore 
And  serious  faith,  dcscendiog  from  above. 
All,  all,  were  there  in  long  affiicHon  tried. 
The  friend  of  him  who  had  no  friend  benidc. 
Unheard  by  him,  from  other  lips  would  flow. 
TIjc  words  of  pity,  or  the  sighs  of  woe  ; 
Thy  form  he  watch'd  at  every  0|)«ning  dOQr  : 
Thy  footjiteps  counted  on  the  echoing  floor  ; 
lie  knew  no  music  of  the  lips  but  thine : 
No  otijer  eye*  with  mild  effulgence  shine  : 
Thee  he  beheld,  when  all  beside  was  gloom  : 
TracM  thee  with  following  eye  from  room  to  room  : 
Thy  morning  step  each  Sabbath-day  descried. 
And  wept  the  hope,  to  none  but  him,  denied- 
Each  broken  slumber,  and  each  feverish  dream. 
Sad  faithful  mirrors  of  the  dny  would  seem : 
Thy  wasted  form,  thy  cnre-wom  eye  he  knew. 
And  woke,  and  wept  to  find  the  vision  true  : 
Then  when  his  long,  his  lov'd  companion  died. 
Walked  gently  to  thy  tomb,  and  slept  bt-side. 


DIARY  OP  A  LOVER  OP  LITEftATURE, 

f  Continued  from  p.  3fi(>,) 

Matfl.  Perused  Ediaburgh  Review,  Xo.  18,  nnder  Filao^i^ri  on  La- 
gisLitioii.  They  consider  our  Goveriimeut  as  partaking  of  tbc  natun;  of 
an  Aristocracy  on  a  very  large  and  liberal  basts  ^  they  here  coniiidrr  Uie 
House  of  Peers  as  possesbUig  a  real  and  effective  shore  of  leguhtiw 
power  ;  but  the  aristocracy  they  incau,  is  that '  of  the  people  at  'large,— 
and  they  call  this  Cioveninient,  on  more  oceabions  than  one  tu  the  a 
article,  virtually  republican.  They  date  our  acw  Constitution  froin 
llevolution  ;  not  tliat  many  changes  were  nmde  iu  our  laws  at  that 
but  because  the  expulsion  of  Jaincs  II.  led  to  the  introduction  of  a  d( 
military  force — a  new  arratigcment  of  public  burdens — a  new  system  rf 
public  debt — a  new  couimercial  aristocracy,  and  a  new  spirit  of  foreini 
policy; — such  changes  to<jk  place  about  that  time,  no  doubt  •  but  can  they 
be  ascribed  to  that  cause  ? 

Mar/  8.  It  appears  from  the  Mercurio  Pcruano,  that  in  the  prorince  of 
Caxanianco,  a  Spaniard  died  in  1763,  aged  144  years  8  tnoaths  and  5 
days,  leaving  800  persous  lineally  descended  from  him.  In  the  s>atne  pn>- 
liiutre,  not  containing  more  than  70,000  persons,  there  were  living  in  1792 
eight  persons,  whose  ages  were  1 14,  117,  121,  131,  132,  I3j,  141,  147. 

Matf  10.  Read  the  two  first  cantos  of  Shee  s  Kleuients  of  Art.  Hb 
incessant  auibition  to  glitter  becomes  quite  intolerable.  Not  two  fwn- 
lenccs  can  paiis  without  a  struggle  to  be  smart.    He  ascribca,  in  the  Iiat 


Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


571 


notes,  the  transcendent  excellence  of  the  Greeks,  in  the  productk>n  of 
works  of  taste,  tu  the  enthusiastic  love  which  they  possessed  for  the  arts. 

May  12.  Under  the  Article  of  Foster  on  Exchanges,  the  Edinburgh 
Reviewers  remark,  that  it  is  one  of  the  peculiar  attributes  of  genius,  to 
lender  the  most  easy  and  natnrat  means  subsement  to  the  accomplishment 
wf  tlie  grandest  de?igns.  Iliey  hold,  against  the  theory  that  a  sudden  in- 
crease of  currency  produces  an  immediate  depreciation,  without  any  inter- 
mediate benefit,  that  an  excessive  issue  of  paper  mojifif,  an  issue  of  more 
ihiii  the  quantity  of  specie  which  would  have  been  demanded  for  the  pur- 
pose of  a  circulating  medium,  since  it  cannot  be  exported,  must  necessa- 
rily lead  to  a  depreciation  in  the  viUiie  of  that  paper  ;  but  uo  issue  of 
paf»er  currency,  they  conceive,  whether  it  leads  toils  own  depreciation,  or 
not,  can  possibly  aflect  the  value  of  specie,  nor  (when  there  Ls  no  com- 
pulsion, 1  suppose  they  uu-an)  dio  they  understaud  how  an  excessive  issue 
uf  paper  currency  can  take  place,  can  be  maintained  in  circulation,  and 
not  revert,  if  issued,  to  the  issncrs.  The  great  and  iintjuestionable  de- 
crease in  the  value  of  money,  which  has  taken  place  in  England  within  the 
last  twenty  years,  they  truly  ascribe  partly  to  an  increase  of  the  precious 
metals,  and  partly  to  the  cfl'ects  of  our  system  of  taxation.  1  confess  I 
vehemently  suspect  the  justness  of  some  of  these  jMisitions. 

Moif  Ifi.  Began  Bell's  Essays  on  the  Anatomy  of  Expression.  He  is 
of  opinion  that  the  noble  and  imposing  forms  of  the  antiipie,  arose  not  from 
their  artiste  pursuing  an  abstract  and  ideal  beauti/,  but  from  their  studying 
the  deformities  as  well  as  the  beauties  of  the  human  countenance  and 
figure,  and  obsening  the  prevailing  lines  of  a  low  and  disagreeable  conn- 
tcnance,  tracing  this  effect  to  an  association  with  a  lower  species,  and  thence 
deducing  the  principle  of  ennobling  the  form  of  the  head,  by  increasing* 
those  peculiarities  of  character,  the  indication  of  intellect,  and  the  power  of 
expressions  which  distinguish  the  human  form,  and  by  carefully  reversing 
those  jiroportions,  which  pn>duce  a  resembluuce  to  the  physiognomy  of 
brutes.  He  charges  Professor  Camper  with  gross  negligence  for  saying 
that,  abstracted  from  its  playful  vivacity,  |>erfect simplicity,  and  affectionate 
attachment,  there  is  nothing  pleasing  and  beautiful  in  the  form  of  a  cbild, 
and  affirms  that,  for  these  very  reasons,  it  is  the  most  pleasing  and  beau- 
tifiU  form  in  the  world  ;  the  only  oncso  i)crfecl  that  it  cannot  be  improved. 
DfKjs  he  mean  to  derive  all  beauty  of  figure  from  association  with  the  cha- 
racter of  mind  of  which  it  is  diagnostic  ?  He  onght  in  this  ciisc  to  have 
been  much  more  explicit. 

May  17.  The  I'2<linburgh  Henew,  under  Cobbett's  Political  Register, 
resumes  the  position  that  the  mo.st  perfect  representative  legislature  is  thai 
which  reunites  in  itself  the  greatest  jiortion  of  the  effective  aristocracy  o 
a  country  ;  of  those  persons,  who  by  their  wealth,  talents,  or  popular  qua- 
lities, would  in  their  individual  capacities  have  swayed  the  sentiments  of  a 
great  majority  of  the  people  :  and  they  contend  that  our  Parliament  is  thus 
composed.  'I'hcy  then  observe  that/besides  its  character  of  representation, 
one  noain  use  of  a  Parliament  is  to  keep  alive  the  spirit  of  freedom  and 
intelligence  among  the  people,  by  the  frequency,  freedom,  and  publicity 
of  its  debates  and  discussions  ;  and  that  our  Parliament,  in  point  of  fact, 
has  a  sulficient  number  and  n  Mitflicit^nt  variety  of  persons,  to  make  it 
certain  that  every  class  anfl  every  party  iti  the  kingdom  will  find  an  advo- 
cate in  it,  and  of  course  to  pnnluce  this  effect,  which  aloge  is  competent  to 
secure  our  liberties.  Every  community,  they  afterwards  remark,  may  be 
vonaidcred  sis  distributed  into  three  clsisses, — thu«4!  who  actually  administer 
the  (jovernment,  those  who  are  borti  to  rank  and  influence,  aud  the  great 


Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. 


[June, 


I 


ofj 


I 

I 
I 


body  of  the  |K:o}»le.  These  were  formerly  in  rode  times  repre$euted  Unt 
by  tliree  estates  of  King,  Lords,  and  Cointoons,  haviofif  asptinitc  pncticxi 
Hud  privileges  ;  but  the  House  of  Commons,  from  the  incmtscr)  impurtAnre 
of  the  interests  which  it  repreaenis  and  the  mode  of  its  coastitotion,  b«Ti&f 
become  the  xuuin  depository  of  legislative  power,  the  two  other  ntata 
have  gained  an  efficient  representation  tftere.  The  House  of  Commons  hm 
become  the  holder  of  the  elements  of  the  famous  coiistituttotml  balance  a( 
King,  Lords,  and  Commons -,  and  the  royal,  nristoerHtic,  atui  (lopnlarb' 
fliienrcs  are  employed  rather  to  modify  the  mca-«»iires  of  CJovcnimeiit  ia 
this  coucoclion,  than  to  coitutenict  and  oppose  each  other  ufterwan}*— « 
species  of  mmat  mechanism^  toudly  un.suited  to  the  present  refined  ca»> 
ditioiiof  society  and  manner*.  The  bulunce  which  was  in  djingrr  of  1 
lost,  through  till.'  incre;isiiig  power  and  luHuence  of  the  Lower  Hootc, 
been  saved  by  being  transferred  into  that  assembly.  Still  they  Alle)(e 
satisfactory  reasons  fur  preserving  the  separate  aud  olficial  functions 
King  and  Mouse  of  Lords,  as  members  of  the  Legislature.  On  tbeiC 
grountis  they  rest  the  defence  of  our  system  of  representation  in  th* 
main,  though  in  some  respects  it  might  be  advantageously  reformed.  Tl» 
great  danger  to  our  liberties  they  consider  to  be  in  the  enuruious  incii 
of  influence  in  the  executive,  ia  and  out  of  FHrliameut,  iu  conseqt 
of  the  cuormoiis  increase  of  our  riebts  aud  establishments,  wliirh 
would  reach  ;  hut  a  reduction  in  both,  the  most  unsparing  atx>li!)hcr  of  sine- 
cure  places  aud  peusious,  they  think,  would  not  state  the  luiving  at  a  mtliioa 
annually,  while  the  King  and  Ins  Ministers  have  the  disposaJ  of  office*  aftd 
a|)I)oiiitinent«  at  least  to  the  amount  of  twelve  millions  yearly.  The  opn 
and  ]»ub]te  sjile  of  all  seats  in  Parliament  would  give  to  wraith,  they  ciM> 
reive  (one  of  the  dentocratiral  elements  of  this  trading  and  opulent 
try)  more  power  than  it  now  possesses ;  and  their  great  objection  to 
boroughs  is,  that  the  practice  of  purchasing  them  tends  to  .'ibntc  the 
of  liberty  and  pride  and  inde|>endence  amongst  the  people — tr>  dciij 
those  feelings  to  which,  and  not  to  the  composition  of  the  legiaUtuir, 
must  alwajs  look  for  (hi;  fnuntain  and  vital  spring  of  our  freeduoi. 

Maij  Is,  Piirsur'd  Bell's  Anatomy  of  Exprewiun.  He  observes,  in  lh« 
Essay,  that  in  men  alone  are  peculiar  muhcles  in  the  face,  to  which  no 
other  olfice  enn  be  assigned  than  to  give  evprcssion  to  the  rountennnce. 
Other  aniunals  have  no  expression  but  what  aiiscs  from  the  inotiuus  n«v 
ccssary  to  tlic  accomplishment  of  the  object  of  their  passions.  The  fonaer 
jdone  therefine  he  regards  as  indications  indejK'ndent  of  experience  or 
arbitrary  custom,  and  most  [>eculiarly  deserving  the  painter's  attention. 
In  the  next  Essay  he  confirms,  without  nnticr,  Burke's  doctrine,  tbai 
pain  produces  a  tension,  and  jleasure  a  rrlaration  of  the  wusrlrg.  The 
angle  of  the  mouth,  and  the  inner  extremity  of  the  eyebrow  he  regards: 
the  roost  moveable  and  expressive  parts  of  the  human  countenance-  Hi 
forcibly  and  hotv  justly  has  Sbakspcare*  de«eril»ed  the  nction  of 
dealh  in  the  quoted  passage  from  King  Henry  VL  Bell  calls  it  a  picture 
truly  horrible  from  its  truth  ant]  accuracy  ;  yet  Shakiipeare  was  not  blessed 
with  the  means  of  observation  beyond  other  men.  Bell  BUjqi^esis  vrhrtber 
those  attitudes  arc  not  de«nted  elegant  which  exhibit  a  {lositiou  of  rest 
Bod  case — in  other   words,  a  natural  po»itjon — not  because  of  tlie  corn- 

*  C'nniult  Sbakspnrr'k  Tot  of  InMuity,  ( *  And  I  tlir  leaturwill  rr-woftl,  vUok 
mador**  will  pinhol  tvoia'—ttamtet)  iu  Sir  H-  llslfuril'i  rl«-gAnt  uiil  ia*cniiili«v 
CaMva,  ji.  h't. —  Kd. 


1836] 


Diary  of  a  Lover  qf'  Literatttrt. 


573 


trast  of  limbs  aud  varied  outline  of  figure,  which  iJways  attend  such 
positions,  but  because  tlicy  produce  a  conviction   that  such  au  attitude  is 
a  position  of  rest,  ease,  aud  nature ;   iK'auty,  lie  observes,  is  consistent 
with  au  in  finite  variety  of  forms,  which  alone  ^eems  suiBcicnt  to  convince 
lis,  that  its  cause  is  to  be  sought  in  some  quality  capable  of  varying  and 
accoiuracMlating   itself  to  different    forms,   and    o|)eratinjf   through   every 
change.     'I'his  quality  he  conceives  to  lie  cxpresfioH.     'I  lie  lover  sees  in 
the  features  which  he  doats  upon  a  tcnderuess  of  sentiment ;  he  imagines  , 
delicate  attractions,  engaging  endearments,  and  all  the  blandishments  and 
lovely  qualities  of  niind  which  the  fondest  fancy  can   conceive.     When 
we  discover  that  all  these  attribute<l  qualities  of  mind  are  deceitful  illu*] 
sions,  love  and  admiration  rapidly  i^ubsidc  ;  and  if  we  are  still  found  to  I 
acknowledge  the  beauty  of  the  feahires.  they  affect  us  as  the  beauty  of  »j 
statue,  whicli  has  a  certain   relation    and  association   witti   the  feelings] 
which  have  grown  up  from  our  more  general  experience.    He  denies  any 
beauty  in  their/orm,  and  derives  it,  like  Alison,  entirely  from  the  luiud  ; 
but  he  should  have  been  more  clear  and  explicit. 

June  I .  The  usefulness  of  History  may  be  regarded  in  a  doable  aspect, 
as  it  unfolds  the  results  and  causes  of  political  changes,  and  as  it  point! 
out  the  uioral  character  of  nations  in  different  stages  of  society :  and 
far  distant  ages  the  latter  is  commonly  its  most  valuable  function. 

June  20.  Called  on  Sharon  'iurner  ,  repeated  some  most  flattering 
remarks  on  my  book  {Diary  of  a  Lover  of  Literature)  by  C'harles  Butler 
giving  me  far  more  praise  than  I  am  conscious  I  merit.  Drank  tea,  and 
s|>eut  the  evening.  Mr.  D  Israeli  *  there:  spoke  in  the  highest  terms  of 
my  IxHik  ;  said  that  I  had  humbled  all  rat>deru  authors  to  the  dust,  and  that 
he  earnestly  w  ished  a  dozen  vnhunes  of  it.  Had  lung  discussions  on  Chris- 
tianity. Poor  Turner  full  of  worth,  but  feeble  and  devoid  of  judgment  on 
this  and  all  subjects. — Mr.  D'lsraeli  mentioned  that  he  bad  seen  an  ori- 
ginal letter  from  Buonaparte  to  his  brother,  from  Kgy  pt,  iu  which  were  these 
expressions — **  Achetez  inoi  un  ^igne  en  Bourgoine  ;  jc  suis  masassi^- 
degloire;  je  hais  les  hoinmes."  Turner  mentioned  at  his  house,  that 
Gforges  informed  a  friend  of  his,  that  in  a  private  conference  he  bad  with 
Buonaparte  the  thought  struck  him  what  a  deliverance  he  might  procure  to 
Europe  by  his  assassination, — an  opportunity  which  might  never  occur 
again.  Buonaparte's  penetrating  eye  saw  him  wavering  from  the  theme  j 
he  instantly  hurried  back,  rang  the  bell — aids-de-tamps  hastened  in,  and 
the  interview  was  broken  up. 

July  13.  Began  the  1th  No.  of  the  Quarterly  Review,  which  Turner 
htui  lent  me.  Under  Wyvill  on  Intolemnce  they  justify  the  exclusion  of 
Dissenters  from  offices  of  tnist,  simply  on  the  principle  of  txpediency. 
They  admit  that  the  placing  so  many  subject?  in  a  situation  of  inferiority 
to  the  rest,  is  an  evil  ;  but  they  contend  that  it  is  overbalanced  by  the 
security  to  the  Constitution,  and  the  consequent  peace  and  goo*J  order,  in 
which  the  whole  community  partakes,  derived  from  it.  It  is  gnitifying  to 
find  even  narrow  prejudices  thus  libendly  supported.  Of  Parrs  style, 
they  happily  obser>e.  that  he  appear*  not  merely  to  speak,  but  to  thinh  in 
the  language  of  rhetoric  ;  his  cogitatioua  appear  spontaneously  to  range 
themselves  in  all  the  orderly  array  of  the  scliools. 

*  Mr.  Gre«n  higMj  eslu-med  Mr.  D'lAraeli'a  contributions  to  literatuiv,  aad  ooa* 
wqiWhtly  valued  hix  approbatioa.  Unfortunately,  he  did  not  live  to  r«ad  his  adoxl. 
rabbi  Life  of  Clurlc*  Uic  Fir»l,  a  work  of  the  grmtnt  intereit  «nd  imporUoc«. — Ep. 


I 


D'utry  of  a  Lover  of  Literature. — W.  Lmiey,  Esq. 

July  17.  In  the  3 let  \o.  of  tlie  Edinburgh  Reriew,  Erskine  most  be  ifc- 
ligbtefl  with  the  high  praise  bestowed  upon  his  Speeches.  TlieTjitttIr 
remark  of  his  eloquence,  that  it  never  made  him  swerre  one  hair's  breatik 
from  the  minute  details  mo«t  befitting  his  purpose,  and  the  altemate  aA- 
tuisfiions  and  disavowals  best  adapted  to  put  his  case  in  tbe  safest  positioo , 
a  distinguliihing  excellence  of  forensic  oratory.  That  extemporaaeon 
reasoning  and  declamatinn,  known  by  the  name  of  debating,  tfaev  obaem, 
Bcems  to  be  utterly  unknown  to  the  ancients.  The  Reply  to  the  Oxfon) 
critic.  Dr.  Copleston,  is  a  most  masterly  piece.  Tliey  begin  temperateh'. 
and  argue  closely  and  forcibly,  till  they  have  gained  the  decided  asceodeaqr. 
and  won  the  fonfidence  of  the  reader ;  and  then  pour  in  such  reiterated 
volleys  of  triumphant  sarcasm  as  utterly  to  wither  and  consume  their  victim.* 

July  19.  The  Edinburgh  Reviewers,  under  the  worrls  *  Affairs  of  India. 
remark,  that  to  say  of  any  institution  that  it  is  old,  or  new,  is  s.iying  no- 
thing :  it  may  be  the  worse  for  being  old,  or  the  better  fur  being  new. 
All  speculation  and  experience,  they  remark,  is  merely  an  attempt,  fr 
view  of  the  order  of  past  eveut«;,  to  anticipate  future  ones  j  only, 
the  retrospect  and  anticipation  is  comprehensive  and  large,  it  is  dcnomii 
theory  and  speculation — when  small,  experience  or  practice.  Tberel 
but  two  ways,  they  consider,  in  which  one  country  cati  derive  benefit  ffl 
another — in  the  means  of  defence,  and  the  augmentation  of  ita  wi 
Their  grantl  scheme  for  the  salvation  of  India  is  a  bold  one — to  couiiti 
one  of  our  Royal  Family  Emperor  of  Hindostan,  with  hereditary  sfl 
sion  ! 


k 


BBCOLLECnOXS  Or  THE   LATE   WILLt&M   LnfLBY,    MQ.f 

Tof  fttMTfus  <f)i\ov  avipa. 


E  was  the  last  surviviog;  son  of 
Thoraaa  Linley  of  Bath,  the  comfiogcr 
of  the  son^s  in  the  Duenna,  father  of 
the  bvautiful  Mrs.  Sheridan,  wbo?e 
portrait  poor  eld  Sheridan  preserved 
amidst  all  his  distresses  ;  till  utterly 
broken  dowo  by  cmbarrassmcnte.in  his 
latter  day*  of  sorrow,  he  was  obliged 
to  part  with  it.  This  portrait,  repre- 
senting the  l>cautiful  Mitis  Linley  in 
the  character  of  St.  Cecilia,  was  paint- 
ed  by  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds,  ajid  is  now 
in  the  collection  ul  exquisite  paintings 


at  the  Marquis  of  L»nf^owae*» 
Bowood  Park,  Wiltthire.J 

As  to  poor  Linley.  the  ^  • 
kindest  temper,  high  am! 
principles,  taleat^*  rare  ana  cijiti\iit« 
and  a  geuius  for  poitry  and  muAte, 
ditttinguifihed  this  lost  itmaining  in. 
heritor  of  a  nnme  now  eitinct,  but  M 
long  con  urttwl  with  poetf-    ■"'  -- ly. 

by    the    patrun.ige    tn  .\, 

through  the  intercut  of  hif  -,. 

law  Sbriidan,  Linlry  mol  , 

India,  io  the  honourable   -  .>i 


•Thr  t»xfiirtl  Critic  howpvpr.ouoe  bunnlr--  -•'  ■■•      v  •   '  -v 

of  tjie  RcvieMer**   wnitb  ;  and  wtmoded  \\: 

tbfir  own.    Mr.  Grc«B  Joca  not  ieemawar" ,  : 

joint  produrlion  uf  thter  critics. 

Trt»  inihris  torti  mdios,  tm  oobU  aquoMr 

Adilident,  nitUie  Im  (tamma.-,  Btqac  aliti*  aunUi ! — En, 

f  Mr.  Linley  died  at  hit  chambers  «t   FuftiiTal**  inn  mi  tlu-  irili  i.f  M.i 
btwy  was  dcpositrd  in  ihc  tiiuuly  vault  nl  St.  raul'»  C'<  •  v,|. 

J.  Lubbook  nn«l  Hrnrv  ri»iU*.n,  r»f],  necutord  ;  and  i.  ,  m 

Lis  uicfc  Mi.t»  '1  of  liL«  isittrr  Aln..   r!Lk.ilI,     !!■-  linJ  tl».f^  »is. 

trr»,  one  morri'  xi  to  Mr.  Ti«tlc«r|l,  M>n  uf  ihv  friend  <if  Addi* 

•on,  and  the  y ^,     All  di<^l  of  ■  ;   •    r'-    -~v. 

I    In  the  wimlow  f>f  Nrw  I'ollrj^r  i-hn|>fl  nf  t>\l  «.<«!   hy  ^ir  Joolma  Rry. 

noldc,  the  ftgiirr  of  CiMnrjr  u  ■appunrd  in  }»c  a  j-  .  ^i,,.  Liiilrv.      Km 


Iti 


1835.1  Recolhctiofu  of  the  late  Wm.  Unlejf,  Eeq. 


576 


Writer ;  and  whilst  acting  in  thid  ca- 
pacity he  was  appointed  Paymaster 
at  Vellore,  which  city  he  left  just  be- 
fore the  general  massacre  of  the  Eu- 
ropeans there  resident. 

He  then  visited  his  native  land,  but 
not  with  a  fortune  sufficient  for  com- 
fortable independence.  He  therefore 
again  set  sail ;  his  situation  and  cha- 
racter guaranteeing  some  occupation 
of  profit  and  respectability. 

1  accidentally  became  acquainted 
with  Linley  just  before  his  first  em- 
barkation; and  some  circumstances 
connected  with  this  acquaintance, 
which  I  shall  set  down,  will,  1  hope, 
excuse  some  egotism ;  for,  from  my 
first  accidental  introduction  to  Linley, 
I  may  date  not  only  many  years  of 
intimate,  undeviating,  and  confiden- 
tial friendship  ;  but  it  is  also  memo- 
rable from  its  connection  with  a  very 
different  though  celebrated  character 
— S.  T.  Coleridge. 

1  think  it  was  in  the  year  1796  I 
first  met  Linley.  soon  after  the  mar- 
riage of  Sheridan  with  his  last  wife 
Hester  Ogle,  daughter  of  the  Deau  of 
Winchester.    Sheridan  then  lived  mo&t 
splendidly  in   Hertford   Street,    May 
Fair ;  and  when  1  was  first  introduced 
to  Linley,  had  just  given  a  morning 
concert,  at  which  was  present  Loid 
Edward   Fitz-Gerald,  and  his  newly 
married  bride  the   beautiful   Pamela, 
the  supposed  daughter  of  the  Duke  of 
Orleans.     Some  of  the  most  eminent 
characters  for  station  and  talents,  in 
the  high  world,  graced  this  concert, 
with  the   chief  singers   from  Drury- 
lanc  and  the  Opera  house.   The  young, 
and   gay,  and  beautiful,  and   happy, 
were  slowly  departing,  whilst  1  stood 
listening  to  the  affecting  sounds— to 
me  far  mote  affecting  than  all  I  had 
ever  heard,  of  a  youth,  touching  the 
chords  of  a  piano,  apparently  unno- 
ticed,  and  singing,  in  an  under-tone, 
but  most  expressively,  that  exquisite 
song  of  Handel : 

"  The  pious  Son  ne'er  left  his  Father's 
side." 
I  was  riveted  to  the  spot;  which 
Sheridan  observing,  came  up  and  in- 
troduced me  to  him  of  whose  death 
I  )|«p«  tmmik  Itosrd.  and  with  whom, 
fr«  Us  death,  I  have 

» toy- 


age  to  India ;  but  he  agreed  to  pass  a 
few  days  with  me,  previous  to  his  de- 
parture. This  visit  is  singular ;  be- 
cause, at  this  time,  I  had  accidentally 
two  remarkable  guests,  then  equally 

Unknown  to  fortune  and  to  fame. 
One  was  my  poor  friend  who  has  just 
been  snatched  away ;  and  the  other 
Yfas — CoLEKiDOB.  I  shall  now  say  a 
word  of  the  latter ;  as  what  I  shall 
say,  like  what  1  have  said  before,  of 
this  highly  poetical  but  eccentric  cha- 
racter,* is  unknown  to  every  one  but 
myself. 

I  have  already  stated  that  I  first  met 
Liulcy  at  Sheridan's,  and  at  Sheridan's 
occurred  the  incident  i  am  going  to 
relate.  It  is  of  Coleridge  and  his  play, 
"  Remorse." 

One  day,  after  dinner,  Sheridan 
aukeJ  me  if  I  knew  any  young  man  of 
p(H-tical  genius  who  would  furnish  a 
good  Tragedy  for  Drury  Lane.  I  in- 
stantly said  —  having  just  read  his 
Poems,  published  at  this  time  but  un- 
known to  the  general  reader, — "  Cole- 
rid;;e !  If  any  body  can  write  a  fine 
Tragedy  in  the  present  day,  Coleridge 
can  I  "  Coleridge  was  personally  un- 
known to  me ;  I  had  never  seen  him, 
and  spoke,  not  on  account  of  any  of 
his  Sonnets,  which  might  have  dis- 
posed me  to  be  partial,  but  from  the 
tone  of  expressive  pathos,  in  other 
parts  of  his  Poems. 

Sheridan,  however,  who  had  never 
heard  the  name,  said  kindly,  "Will 
you  write  to  him,  from  me  ?  "  "  Yes." 
I  wrote;  and  not  long  afterwards 
Colaridge,  with  his  Tragedy  and  linen 
in  a  knapnack  behind  hini,  like  Parson 
Adams  with  his  yliochylus,  was  seen, 
all  (lust,  walking  towards  my  cottage, 
at  Donhead  near  Shaftesbury. 

Here  he  stayed  a  week  with   Mr. 
Linley,  and  here  he  wrote  those  ex- 
quisite lines  on  Linley's  singing, 
"  Linley,  those  strains  I  would  not  often 
hear," 

published  in  his  Works. 

I  may  now  mention  something  of 
the  fate  of  the  Tragedy.  It  was  sent 
from  my  cottage,  Linley  taking  charge 
of  it,  to  Sheridan,  with  the  name  of 

"  OSOKIO, 

or.  The  Men  of  Arpaxaras." 


•  Sec  our  Magazine  for   Nov.    1834. 
p.  545.     Edit. 


fr76 


I 


W.  Linley,  Etq.—  Hltchcraji  at  Betihall,  Strfilk 


In  consequence  of  the  occasional  In- 
termixtureof  ludicrous  iniBgefV. among 
poetrj-  of  the  highest  order,  Shfridan 
condcmnwl  it,  without  any  txjunina- 
tion  beyond  the  beginning  of  the  lifth 
act.  It  was  revived  twenty  years  af- 
terwards ;  and  Bucccssfuliy  acted  under 
the  name  of 

"  Rkmohse  1  " 

Linley  went  Bgatnto  India;  and  came 
back  in  a  short  time,  in  fortune  inde- 
pendent ;  and  lived  a  London  life,  for 
the  most  part  in  mcaicai  society,  where 
liis  manners,  pcntlemnnly  suavity, 
scientific  iinowlcdge  and  hoart-folt  at- 
tachment to  music,  particularly  of  the 


school  of  Purcell  and  Haotlel,  mta- 
him  always  a  most  welcome  coto^ 
Dion.  He  was  a  member  of  thr  Mi. 
drigal  Clab  of  noKlemen  ooJ  etaUt- 
men  at  the  Thatchcd-ho!.  '     ' 

social  and  harmonic    tr\<. 
metropolis;    and    ia    suiiiuji-i 
numerous  frieods  by   -whom   be  -^ 
beloved. 

No  further  aetll  his  merits  to  dudmr 
Nor  drag  his  frailties  from  Uacir  tlnai: 
abode  ; 

There  tliey  aUkc  in  trembling  hwpr  trfmt. 
The  boBoin  of  his  Father  ant]  Lit  Cod. 

W.  L,  Bovus. 


ox  THE   DEATH   OF   WILLtAJC    LIXUIY.   mSQ. 

Poor  Linley  !   I  shall  miss  thee  sadly  now 
Thou  art  not  in  the  world ;  for  few  remain 
Who  lov'd,  like  thee,  the  high  and  holy  <itrain. 

Of  harmony's  immortal  Master  : 

Thou— 

DLd»t  honour  him,  and  none  I  know,  who  live. 

Could  e'en  a  abadow — a  faint  image — give 

With  chord  and  voice,  of  those  rich  harmonies. 

Which,  mingled  in  one  mighty  volume,  rise 

Glorious,  from  earth  to  heav'n,  eo  to  express 

Choral  acclaim  to  Heaven's  Almightiness, 

As  thou  !  •  Therefore,  amid  the  world's  rleep  roar — 
When  the  sweet  visions  of  young  Hope  ari-  fled. 
And  many  friends  dispers'd,'  and  many  dead — 

I  grieve  that  I  shall  hear  that  voice  no  more.  W<  L.  B. 


WITCHCRAFT. 

THE  foilow^ing  curious  letter  is 
copied  from  a  manuscript  preserved  in 
the  British  Museum  (MS.Harl.  iGSd): 

From  Mr.  Manning,  Dissenting 
Teacher  at  Hahtead  in  Essex,  to  J. 
Morley,  Esq.  Halstead. 

SiH,  Halst^id,  Aiu;vMt  2.  1732. 
The  narrative  w"  1  gave  yon  in  rela- 
tion to  witchcraft,  and  which  you 
art  pleased  to  lay  your  commands 
upon  mc  tu  repeat,  is  as  follows : 
There  was  one  Master  Collctt,  a  smith 
by  trade,  nf  Ilaveningham  in  tlie 
County  of  Suffolk,  formerly  servant 
in  Sir  John  Duke's  family,  in  Beahall 
in  Suffolk,  who,  as  'twas  customary 
with  him.  assisting  the  maide  to 
charnc,  and  not  being  able  (as  the 
pbrOM  is)  to  make  the  butter  come. 


threw  an  hot  iron  into  the  chom 
der  the  notion  of  witchcraft  in 
case,  upon  which  a  poore  lal 
then  employed  in  carrying  of  danf 
thtfyard,  cryed  out,  in  a  i«rrible  num^ 
ncr,  'They  have  killed  me,  they  Kav* 
killed  me;'  still  keeping  bid  hand  u{km 
his  bock,  intimating  where  live  potne 
was,  and  died  upon  the  spot. 

••  Mr.  Coilett,  with  the  rest  nf  tlie 
servants  then  present,  took  olF  tttt 
[MOTE  man's  cloathes,  and  found.  19 
their  great  surprize,  the  mark  of  th« 
iron  that  was  heated  and  thrown  into 
the  chum,  deeply  iinpres'^ed  upon  hu 
back.  This  account  I  hiu)  from  Mr. 
Collett's  own  mouth,  who  Ix-toc  u  man 
of  an  unhlemished  charort^'r,  1  verily 
believe  to  be  matter  of  fact.  I  oa* 
Sir,  your  obliged  humble  servant, 

Sxx.  tiAstuna.'* 


*  Mr.  Linley  was  perhaps  the  only  penon  linof  who  hud  thr  peculiar  l»lrnt  at 
taking  up  in  the  sereral  vi>ices,  with  ino<t  aniuialed  frr.iiug,  twu  trnon,  trrblc.  uul 
base,  the  leading  parts  repreaeotuis  MMoe  of  the  moet  nileadiil  jwnsegts  of  Hoadd'a 
cbonuM,  10  that  the  auditot  n^^  •bsMfiX  tmMn  wimmiA  yiwli<l%f»llfef» 
fomaaoe. 


JH3o.] 


577 


THB  NEW  RECORD  COMMISSION. 

No.  I, 

The  Clote  Rolls  </  King  John.* 

ALTHOUGH  not  altogether  uiiaccuiitomed  to  the  penisKl  of  Records,  not  ereil^ 
witkoat  Rome  partiality  fur  their  quaiat  phraseolojEry,  thf ir  curiuus  minuteacBB,  aad 
the  orcoAional  Klimpses  they  present  of  venerable  names  and  interetitin^  eveuts ; 
although  even  aware,  from  the  freqaeot  extractx  from  the  Clo»e  RotU  which  have 
found  their  way  into  the  works  of  our  aDtiquaries  for  c«Dturie«  put,  that  of  all 
records,  they  perha]i.H  contained  tlMf  moflt  varied  aud  Bingular  infonnation,  we  must 
confers  that  we  turned  tn  this  volume  with  feelings  of  coaKiderahleditiinclination.  Its 
ponderous  !«izc, — the  unsi^^htly  contractions  with  which  every  line  of  it  abounds, — 
its  barharouji  hitinity,  and  the  totally  unimportant  character  of  the  first  three  or 
four  entries  wliich  caught  our  eye,  impressed  us  with  a  fear  that  this,  the  Arst 
work  puljlinhed  by  the  new  Record  Comniissinaera,  partook  too  much  of  the 
character  of  many  of  its  predecessors,  and  that  the  labour  of  its  pcrasAl  would  be 
bat  scantily  repaid  by  the  information  it  would  communicate.  How  different  were 
the  feelings  with  which  we  rose  from  the  study  of  its  first  ?91  pages — those  occupied 
by  the  reign  of  Kinf  John !  It  then  seemed  to  us  a.'^  if  some  power  had  called  up  the 
prindpal  men  who,  six  centuries  a^,  played  their  parts  in  the  world's  drama,  and  had 
made  tliem  a^in  croi^s  the  sta^e  b«fore  us.  With  more  thnn  the  minuteness  of  a 
romance,  and  at  the  same  time  with  the  most  unquestionable  certainty,  there  had 
been  delineated  in  our  sight  a  series  of  pictures  in  which  were  vividly  pourtrayed  the 
actions,  feelings,  and  passions  which  engaged  and  troubled  England  at  a  period  of  no 
ordinary  importance.  We  hod  not  merely  in  our  '  mind's  eye '  seen  the  monarch  who 
lies  quietly  cntoml>ed  with  i^t.  Wulstau  ;f  we  bad  been  with  him  at  his  table,  and  in  his 
camp ;  we  had  sat  with  htrn  at  his  Christmas  and  Easter  fea«U ;  we  had  been  made 
familiar  with  his  mighty  preparations  for  the  recovery  of  his  transmarine  possessions, 
and  had  found  that  thry  were  all  rendered  useless  by  his  cowardice  and  indolence ; 
wc  hitd  heard  his  dctiance  of  the  thunders  of  the  Church,  and  had  afterwards  beheld 
him  humbly  knwliTij;  to  obtain  absolution;  we  had  witncss^-d  tlie  placinii:  of  \\h  faith* 
less  hand  upon  the  Great  Charter  uf  our  liberties,  and  had  then  followed  him  from  tl)e 
Isle  of  Wi^ht  to  the  borders  of  Scotland,  beholding  on  every  side  the  desolation 
which  he  worked  M|K>n  the  estates  of  those  patriotic  men  by  whom  that  Charter  had 
been  wrested  from  him;  we  had  fled  with  him  before  the  power  of  a  foreign  invader, 
whom  his  tyranny  hod  mvited  to  our  shores  ;  and.  finally,  we  had  accompanied  him 
to  his  death- Wd,  where  his  servants,  by  whom  this  minute  register  had  been  kept^ 
imitated  the  treachery  of  their  master,  and  deserted  him  *  at  his  utmost  need.'  Nor 
was  it  only  these,  the  grral  events  of  history,  that  had  been  presented  to  us.  Mach 
of  the  doily  and  doiue*tic  life  of  vnrioo*  clashes  of  society  ;  many  of  their  occnpationa 
aud  practice)* ;  much  inforuiation  «•«  to  the  tntinner  in  which  the  strung  hand  of 
BUthority  interfered  with  the  biuinefu  of  every  man,  and  exerted  ita  baneful  iufluenco 


•  Rot  nil  Litterarum  Clausanim  in  Turn  Londinensi  a^serrati.  Aecnrante  Hioma 
Dttflfns  Hardy,  e  Soc.  Int  Tempi  S.A.S.  Vol.  1.  ab  anno  1S04  ad  annum  1224.  foL 
L<md.    IJ-U. 

t  When  dying,  John  was  asked  hy  the  Abbot  of  Croxton,  who  attende«l  )iia  deadi« 
bed  with  an  hoHuumblc  fidelity,  where  he  would  like  to  be  interred.     'To  liod  and 
[fiaint  Wul.Htan,'  esclaimrd  the  expiring  monarch,  'I  commend  my  body  and  .sool.' 
Paris,  p.  199.)     In  obe*Uence  to  this  direction,  his  body  was  interred  in  Wof. 
Cathedral,  where   it  wa»  found  u]>on  oi>cning   bit  colSn,    tI9T.     .Sec  Gent*,, 
for  that  year. 
-T.  Mao.  Vou  III.  4E 


TuK  New  Rrcodd  Commission — ^Xo. 

over  relfttionships  which  onght  to  be  indepeDdent  alike  of  wealth  and  povtr— d 

this,  and  much,  very  much  more,  wna  impressed   upon  oor  miads,  with  a  ririil^ 

which  we  feel  it  impossible  to  describe,  and  a  power  which  we  are  coiucioiu  wt  ^aaM 

^^    communicate  to  oar  readers.     All  we  can  do  is  to  endearour  to  give  ench  a  gaend 

^k  description  of  the  work  &s  will  convey  a  faint  idea  of  its  invaluable  oontentA.  tad  «iD 

^*   Ttrge  those  who  ore  interested  in  historical  researches,  to  lo«e  no  time  ja  '"■fcff  't 

their  study,  and  committing  its  curiotm  learning  to  '  the  tables  of  their  nicmoriak* 
^_  lo  our  second  article  upoa  the  Record  Conijnission  (Gent.  Ma^.  N(;w  Series,  Vsi. 
^H  I.  p.  503)  we  descrtbed  the  Close  Rolls  to  consist  of  '  Enrolments  of  Letters  Cfasr, 
written  ill  the  King's  name  to  individuals  upon  every  occasion  on  which  the  Setenki 
in  feudal  times  came  into  peniooal  contact  with  the  subject;  that  is,  upon  evciTMC^ 
■ioQ  whatever."  The  multifariousDess  of  the  matters  alluded  to  in  the  flmt  Bofc 
may  be  therefore  easily  imagined.  These  letters  were  'close',  or  'closed  up.'  nl 
sealed  on  the  outside  with  theCSreat  Seal.  In  the  same  article  we  alao  referred  totla 
abortive  attempt  made  under  the  Old  Commia.tion  to  publish  a  Calendar  of  the  Clsw 
Rolls.  Upon  the  failure  of  that  attempt  these  Rnlls  were  entirely  lost  sight  of  bf 
the  Commissioners,  and  nothing  further  was  done  with  respect  to  them  until  9lr. 
Hardy,  one  of  the  Record  Keejiers  in  tlie  Tower,  submittcil  to  the  present  SeorlarT. 
Mr.  Cooper,  a  plan  for  the  jmblication.  not  of  *  Calendar,  but  of  the  entir«  RoOs. 
under  their  joint  editurship.  Mr.  Cooper  considered,  very  properlr,  that  hia  sitnatiaa 
as  Secretary  ought  to  preclude  bim  from  takiug  any  sbare  in  the  editorship  of  wki 
published  by  the  Board;  but  he  entered  very  eordiiilly  into  Mr.  Hardy's  scheme  oai 
procured  the  sanction  of  the  Comtui!>s)oners  to  an  immediate  publication  of  the  JLoUt 
wider  the  sole  editorship  of  Mr.  Hardy.  The  present  volume  constitutes  the  Ant 
fruits  of  Mr.  Hardy's  labours  ;  and  one  more  creditable  to  the  Editor,  or  the  Cob. 
niissioners,  can  scarcely  be  conceived.  It  is  true  that  it  is  on  inconvenient  andbalkr 
fotio,  in  which  respect  it  ranges  with  the  publications  of  the  old  Commissionen  -  iMI 
in  every  other  particular  it  is  singularly  unlike  them.  A  laudable  atlentioB  to 
economy,*  and  u  most  striking  endeavour  after  extreme  accuracy,  distinguish  it  tnm 
the  preceding  pubticationa  ;  and,  when  coupled  witli  the  paramount  imnortanec  aaJ 
historical  value  of  the  work  itself,  beget  a  p1eaj<ing  confidence  both  in  the  Editor  and 
the  Commissioners. 

Mr.  Hardy's  Introduction  consists  of  an  unpreteDdiof  discourse  npon  the  onciail 
of  cnrohnents  in  general,  and  especially  that  of  the  Rolls  in  question  :  nn  csitlaiiatMa 
of  the  general  nature  of  the  publication,  with  a  useful  list  of  the  abbreviations  oacrf  !• 
it ;  and  some  translated  extracts  from  the  Rulls  themselves,  explanatory  of  their 
general  character,  and  the  manner  in  which  they  tend  to  illustrate  various  hialnrical 
and  legal  subjects.  This  Introduction  would  alone  have  famished  matter  worthv  •# 
consideration  in  a  separate  article,  but  coming  to  us  in  connexion  with  the  work  lo 
which  it  is  prelised,  we  cannot  now  delay  our  readers  upon  the  threshold.  Tlw 
Introduction  has  been  privately  published  for  distribution  amongst  the  Edit 
friends, 
tlie  reign  of  John  presents  three  most  important  sabjecls  for  QOniidemtioa.--^ 


I 


*  We  agree  with  Mr.  Hardy  in  most  of  his  observations  as  to  noticing  the  CMieal* 
lations  which  occur  in  the  original  rolls,  hut  cannot  chink  him  right  in  |H4nt)ii»aC 
length  entries  cancelled,  because  they  have  been  inserted  either  before  ur  sfterwatda 
Bpon  the  same  Roll,  nor  those  cancelled  because  they  have  been  enrolUni  nn  the  rntent 
or  Pine  Rolls.     We  trust  we  shall  soon  see  both  Xhont  series  of  Rolls  in  t'l  nf 

publication  ;  but  in  the  mean  time  the  insertion  of  portions  of  them  mi  uI  '  j( 

the  Commisfiouers  has  a  tendency  to  create  rnnfusion,  and  adds  to  the  caiicumt  t>o[nt 
printing  and  indexing.     The  space  occupied  by  these  cancelled  entries  is 
very  considerable. — 8ce  pp.  S^,  S^,  and  2S4  of  this  volume. 


1 83.1.]  Tht  Close  Rolls  of  King  John.  679 

I.  The  loM  of  NomuiDdy  and  tbe  bulk  of  tboae  condnental  territories,  which  for 
Dcurly  two  centuries  had  been  appended  to  theGoglish  throne. — 11.  Tlie  quarrel  with 
the  See  of  Rome,  in  consequence  of  which  the  kingdom  was  laid  under  an  interdict. — 
III.  The  dispute  and  war  between  the  King  and  the  Barons,  in  the  course  of  which 
Ma^a  Cbarta  was  obtained,  and  the  kingdom  invaded  bj  the  Dauphin,  Much 
information  upon  all  thetie  subjects  may  be  found  in  the  Close  Rolls. 

At  the  comuiencemeDt  of  the  Tolume  we  find  the  King  lately  returned  from  th* 
ContiueDt,^  defeated  and  disgraced.  Whilst  Philip,  the  King  of  France,  was  suc- 
cessiTctj  taking  from  him  castle  after  castle,  John  remained  at  Rouen  with  hia  young 
Queen,  in  a  state  of  total  inactivity.  Matthev  Paria  relates,  that  he  mould  frequently 
lie  a-bed  until  dinner-time,  probably  eleven  or  twelve  o'clock  ;  a  fact  which  the  histo- 
rian secnis  to  think  quite  sufficient  to  denote  the  extraordinary  and  besotted  lethargy 
into  which  the  King  bad  fidlen.  The  nobility  withdrew  themselves  from  a  man  who 
had  lost  either  his  caura|;e  or  his  senses  ;  and  the  common  people  could  only  account 
for  his  infatuation  by  supposing  him  to  be  under  the  influence  of  witchcraft.  At 
length  the  progress  of  the  French  King  rendered  even  Rouen  unsafe.  John  therefore 
quitted  Normandy,  and  landed  at  Portsmouth  on  the  (itb  Dec.  120.1.  M'ithin  a  few 
rooDths  afterwards  all  Nurmandy,  Maine,  Aujou  and  Touraine,  with  the  greater  part 
of  Poitou,  had  yielded  to  Philip.  As  soon  as  the  connexion  between  England  and 
Normandy  was  severed,  John  took  into  his  bands  all  the  lands  held  by  Normans  in 
England ;  a  proceeding  probably  sanctioned  by  tbe  principles  of  the  feudal  law.  The 
link  which  bound  the  lord  and  vassal  together  was  broken  ;  the  va-ssal  had  thrown  off 
his  allegiance,  and  enrolled  himHelf  under  the  protection  of  a  hostile  sovereign;  a 
delinquency  which,  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  tainted  his  Terj  blood,  destroyed  its  inhe- 
ritablo  quality,  and  restored  his  fee  to  his  superior  lord. 

The  consequence  of  this  proceeding  was  to  throw  very  large  possessions  into  th« 
hands  of  the  Crown.  In  these  records  we  perceive  in  what  manner  they  were  managed, 
and  how  a  great  many  of  Lhem  were  disponed  of.  We  learn  that  there  were  Justicet 
assigned  '  to  hear  the  account  of  tbe  lands  of  the  Normans'  (p,  !<)),  although  it  al«o 
seems  that  some  of  the  accounta  were  rendered  at  the  Exchequer  in  the  ordinary  way 
(p.  S9,  63.)  There  were  many  grants  of  portions  of  these  lands  similar  to  the  foU 
lowing :  '  Tbe  King,  &c  to  the  Sheriff  of  Lincoln,  ttc.  We  command  you  that  you  let 
Master  Albert,  our  engineer,  have  IS/,  land  of  the  lands  of  the  Normans  in  your 
bailiwick,  which  we  have  given  him  for  his  maintenance '  (p.  76) ;  and  other 
grants  to  hold  during  the  Kiog's  pleasure  (p.  93.  b.),  and  in  varioas  otlier  ways. 
Instances  frequently  occur  of  restorations,  especially  to  the  clergy,  as  for  example, 
to  the  Prior  of  Lappeleg'.  of  lands  in  Staffordshire  (jl.  586) ;  to  the  Abbot  of 
Sarinny,  of  lands  in  the  county  of  Rutland  (p.  60.  b) ;  to  the  Abbot  of  St  Katherine 
of  Rouen,  of  lands  in  Nottinghamshire  (p.  66) ;  and  to  the  Ablwt  and  Monks  of 
Cluny  (p.  74.)  It  woidd  seem,  that  in  these  cases  of  restoration,  security  was 
exacted,  that  the  proAtj  of  the  lands  restored  should  not  be  sent  out  of  the  country 
without  the  King's  license,  (p.  6Q.)  Restorations  also  frequently  took  place  wbera 
the  lands  Itad  been  seized  erroneously,  upon  the  supposition  that  they  were  the  pro- 
perty of  Normans.  Tbe  following  writ  seems  to  show  that  the  doctrine  of  forfeiture 
declared  by  the  Statute  of  Treasons,  namely,  that  in  all  cases  of  treason  which  extendi 
to  the  King,  the  forfeiture  of  the  escheats  pertained  to  the  King,  '  as  well  of  tbe 
lands  holden  of  others  as  of  himself'  (Sut.  25  Ed.  III.  Sut.  5.  c.  2)  did  not  then 
prevail. 

"  The  King  to  PbiUp  de  Ulecot,  Greeting,  We  command  yoa,  that  without  dehy, 
Toa  let  Robert  de  Bruis  have  fbll  seixin  of  the  Manor  of  Eliinton,  with  its  appnrte- 
■*•  — hich  William  de  Mesnill  Dnnint  held  of  William   de  Bros,  father  of  the 
'^rtl,  whose  heir  he  is;  and  which  was  seized  into  our  bmds  because  the 


I 
I 


< 


580  The  New  Recobd  Comxissiox — No.  I.  [Jow, 

Mid  William  de  Mesnill   Dorand,  who  wu  a  Norman,  died  in   Komuoidj."— 
(p.  217.  b.) 

Thii  tardj  mtoration  waa  one  of  the  immediate  conwqoinees  of  Magna  Chaita; 
bnt  its  delay  does  not  appear  to  affect  the  principle  upon  which  it  proceeded.  Tic 
King  was  in  such  cases  entitled  to  the  chattels  of  the  tenant,  and  had  a  year  and  ■ 
dajr's  iNMsession  of  his  lands  to  enable  him  to  get  the  chattels  into  his  pover,  and 
dispose  of  them  to  the  best  advantage ;  bat  after  the  expiration  of  that  period,  the 
land  was  delivered  up  to  the  immediate  lord  of  the  delinquent  vassaL  It  woold  ap- 
pear from  the  following  writ,  that  where  the  lands  of  a  Norman  were  let  to  fitrai,  the 
King  did  not  take  the  reser\-ed  rent,  but  most  unjustly  seized  the  land  itself,  dispoa- 
•essed  the  actual  terre-tenant,  and  took  the  stock  ui)on  the  lands  into  his  own  hands. 

"  The  King,  &c.  To  the  Sheriff  of  Cambridge,  &c.  We  have  been  giren  to  under- 
•tand,  that  the  land  which  beloniied  to  Gilbert  de  Miners  in  Cretton  and  in  Bertoa. 
which  Eborard  C'haplein  hokiM  of  the  aforesaid  Gilbert  at  an  annual  rent,  as  is  said, 
is  not  yet  taken  into  our  hands,  like  the  other  lands  of  Normans.  And  therefore  we 
command  you  that,  immt*diatelr  upon  sight  of  thi-se  letters,  you  take  that  land  into 
our  hands,  with  the  chattels  and  tanning  stock,  and  so  without  delay  deliver  th^  same 
to  Adam  de  Essex,  our  clerk,  wlio  will  answer  therefore  to  us :  and  let  us  know  the 
Talue  of  that  land,  and  the  chattels,  and  stork  ;  and  all  chattels,  crops,  and  stock, 
which  therefrom  have  been  carried  awuy  or  remove  J  since  we  commanded  the  lands  of 
Normans  to  l)e  taken  into  our  hands,  cause  to  be  restored  and  kept  for  our  use,  aad 
let  us  know  the  value  thereof "  (p.  l.'i.) 

There  are  many  traces  of  the  ex|>edition8  which  were  titted  out  from  time  to  tiaK 
with  a  view  of  recovering  the  lost  possessions  in  France ;  but  we  cannot  delay  ta 
examine  them.  Tlie  fretiucnt  jtassage  of  messengers  ; — the  secret  messages  sent  to 
iwrticular  individuals  ; — the  money  pnid  to  the  messengers  ; — their  expenses ; — the 
treasure  they  took  with  them ; — the  warlike  stores ; — the  expenses  of  the  King's 
voyages ; — the  periods  he  was  absent ;  and  very  many  other  minute  particulars  may 
be  found  here.     But  we  hasten  to  matters  of  greater  interest. 

llul)ert.  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  died  on  the  LUh  July,  1S0.>  ;  at  which  time 
the  King  was  at  a  considerable  distance  from  Canterbury.  He  hastened  thither,  aad 
ap|Nirently  arrived  on  the  second  day  after  the  .Archbishop's  decease  had  taken  place 
at  Lenhani.  In  the  mean  time,  the  Monks  of  Christchurch,  Canterbury,  had  assem- 
bled in  the  night  after  the  death  of  the  Archbishop,  and  clandestinely  elected  R^inald, 
their  sub-prior,  to  the  vacant  archbishoprick.  They  installed  him  at  midnight ;  and 
before  the  arrival  of  John  had  dispatched  him  to  Rome  to  procure  a  papal  confirma- 
tion of  his  election.  John,  ignorant  of  this  proceeding,  remained  at  Canterbury 
until  the  !^h  of  July,  occupie<l  in  a  manner  which  is  very  clearly  indicated  by  these 
Records.  The  lands  and  wards  of  the  deceased  Archbishop  were  immediately  takea 
into  tlte  King's  hands,  as  well  as  the  proiterty  of  the  See.  The  latter  were  committed 
to  the  custody  of  two  sets  of  persons,  appointed  by  the  King ;  one  portion  to  Elias 
de  Uerham,  Alexander  de  Brancastcr,  and  John  de  Brut  (p.  4!2.  b.)  ;  and  the  re- 
mainder to  Ri'ginald  de  Comhill,  Anfridusde  Dene,  Jacob  Salvage,  and  Peter  de  Leon 
(p.  47.  b.)  The  lands  and  wards  of  the  Archbishop  were  treated  according  to  the 
pleasure  of  the  King,  who  appears,  however,  to  have  carried  into  effect  the  intentions 
and  gifts  of  the  Archbishop,  (p.  4^).  b.  49.  b.)  If  a  writ,  which  seems  very  clearly 
expressed,  is  to  be  understood  literally,  some  of  the  possessions  of  the  see  were 
treated  as  having  escheated  to  the  King '  by  reason  of  the  custody  of  the  Archbishoprick 
of  Canterbury,'  and  were  given  away  by  him,  as  if  the  actual  right  of  profierty  had  vested 
in  the  Crown,  and  not  the  mere  custody.  The  personal  proi)erty  of  the  Archbishop 
was  treated  by  the  King  with  very  little  ceremony ;  whatever  pleased  his  fancy  he 
took  at  his  own  ]>ricc  ;  and  in  this  manner  we  find  that  he  became  possessed  of  some 
valuable   |>ortions  of  tlie  Archbishojt's  effects.      Articles  taken  by  the  King  were 


I 


1835.]  Th«  Close  Rolls  of  King  John.  581 

paid  for  by  ui  lUowance  at  the  Elxchequer,  againvt  a  debt  owing  to  the  Croira  rrom 
the  Archbishop,  probably  on  accouat  of  rents  payable,  or  grants  of  custodica.  The 
foUovring  curious  writs  illustrate  this  portion  of  the  subject : — 

"  The  Kin?  to  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer,  fcc. ;  Allow  the  executors  of  the  will 
of  my  Lnril  of  Canterbury',  against  the  debt  which  he  owes  U9,  ?(><>/.  sterling,  which 
they  paid  into  our  chamber,  ou  Monday  next  before  the  fcaat  of  St.  Margaret,  in  the 
7th  year,  Sec  ,  by  the  hands  of  Alexander  de  Refham,  Alexander  dc  Dorset,  and 
Kicburd  de  Belhus ;  and  aliso  ll>/.  5«.  lid.  for  five  carriage  horses  and  three  other 
horses,  which  we  have  ri'taincd  to  our  use  out  of  the  horses  of  my  Lord  of  Canter- 
bury ;  and,  ugnin,  1.1  marks  of  silver  for  two  broodu's  and  two  rings,  which  we  have 
retained  out  of  the  jewels  of  the  Mime  Archbishop,  by  the  hands  of  the  same  persona. 
VTituess  myself  at  Rochester,  the  l[*th  day  of  July."   (p.  44.) 

In  (hi$  instance  the  executors  of  the  Archbiihop  appear  to  hare  sent  the  money, 
hor.-iL's,  and  jewels  to  the  King,  that  he  might  take  what  pleased  him  ;  in  like  manner 
as  the  Romans  used  to  bequeath  the  Emperor  a  share  of  their  estate,  in  the  hope  that ' 
such  an  affectation  of  confidence  might  procure  better  terms  for  the  remainder. 

"  The  King  to  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer,  &c  ;  Allow  the  executors  of  the  will 
of  my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  against  the  debt  he  owed  tu  m,  140/.  IHt.  ^,d.  for  plate* 
belonging  to  him,  which  we  have  retairx^d,  and  also  .'t.i/.  I(u.  Ad  for  images,*  which  we 
have  also  retained.     Witnejis  myself  at  Fn-imnntle,  the  'i<»th  day  of  July."   (p.  44.) 

"  Tlie  King  to  the  Barons  of  the  Escheijuer,  fltc.  Allow  the  executors  of  the  will 
of  Lord  Hubert,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  six  marks  fur  two  tuns  of  wine,  which 
we  have  taken  fur  our  use.  Witness  I'eter  de  Stok  at  Mucheledover,  the  i1>th  day 
ofJnly."  (p.  44.) 

"  The  King  to  the  Constable  of  the  Tower  of  London,  &c.  Wo  comnund  you  that, 
without  delay,  yon  cause  to  be  restored  to  the  Serjront  of  Lambeth,  for  our  use,  the 
oats  which  belonged  to  the  Archbiishop  of  Canterbury,  which  we  seized  at  Lambeth  ; 
and  see  that  we  hear  no  more  complaints  respecting  them.     Witno^s,  &c."   (p.  4t).  b.) 

"  The  King  to  the  Barons,  &c.  Allow  the  execotors  of  the  will  of  my  l*ord  of 
Canterbury  l^)  marks,  for  six  tuns  of  wine,  which  we  retained  for  our  use  at  Lambeth. 
Witness,  Peter  de  Stok  at  Tauuton,  31st  day  of  August,  (p.  48.) 

The  Monks  of  Canierbary  soon  became  displeased  with  the  person  they  had  elected 
to  the  archbishoprick,  and  solicited  permission  from  the  King  to  proceed  to  a  new 
election.  John,  already  apprized  by  rumour  of  what  had  taken  place,  granted  a 
cong^  d'clire,  and  recommended  John  dc  Grey,  Bishop  of  Ntirwich,  who  was  accord- 
ingly unauimously  elected.  On  what  precise  day  this  second  election  tciok  place  does 
not  Bp]>ear  ;  but  we  find  the  Bishop  of  Norwich  styled  '  the  elect  of  Canterbury,'  in  a 
writ  dated  tlie  13th  Dec  l'io.i,  (p.  (JO.)  A  depuUtion  of  twelve  Monks  of  Catifer- 
burj  wo*  dispatched  to  the  Pope  tu  ap]>rixe  Lim  of  the  second  election,  and  i-ujiport 
the  prrtcnaious  of  John  de  Grey.  After  a  lenglheiied  itimiinr,  the  Pope  set  aside  both 
the  elections,  and  directed  the  Monks  who  had  been  sent  to  Rome,  to  proceed  at  once 
to  a  new  election,  recommending  to  their  choice  Stephen  Langton,  Cardinal  of  St, 
Chrysogonns,  an  Englishman  by  birtli,  and  a  man  of  eminent  virtue  and  ottainmentd. 
Overawed  by  the  authority  of  the  Pope,  only  one  of  the  Monks  refused  tu  adnpt  this 
course,  although  it  was  contrary  to  an  oath  by  which  they  hod  bound  ihemselvps  to 
John.  Langton  was  elected,  and,  after  some  delay,  consecrated  by  the  Pope  at 
Viterbo.  John's  anger  upon  being  apprized  of  these  proeee<)ings  knew  no  bounda. 
The  Pope's  endeavours  to  pacify  him  were  in  vain.  He  expelled  the  Monks  of  Can- 
terbury from  their  Monastery,  and  seized  their  lands  (p.  JW.  b.)  ;  he  dcckrcd  Lang- 
ton a  public  enemy  ;  and  when  threatened  with  an  interdict,  in  case  of  bis  continued 
refusal  to  receive  the  Archbishop  of  the  Pope's  appointment,  he  broke  out,  «»yo  the 


*  'Ycsnla '  and  '  s])ebus'  ore  the  words  translated  '  pUte'  ud  '  imifet.'  The  first 
'  may  mean  *  vessels/  or  '  hottaehold  staff,'  of  any  description ;  the  latter, '  ■tatoea.* 


582  Thi  Nxw  Recokd  Commission— No.  I.  [J^w* 

Chronider,  into  blaspbemoaa  ezpretrioiu  a^nst  the  Pope  and  hi*  Cardinah,  nrav- 
inf  bjr  God'i  teeth  that,  if  the  Papal  threats  were  put  into  ezecutioB,  he  wnU 
instantlj  send  to  the  Pope  all  the  Bishops  and  every  single  clergymaik  in  Ba^aal; 
and  that  if  he  found  any  Romans  in  his  dominions,  he  would  pat  out  their  eyea  and 
cut  off  their  noses,  so  that  all  nations  might  know  them  by  these  hia  maifca.  IVae 
intemperate  expressions  were  addressed  to  the  Bishops  of  London,  Ely,  and  War- 
eester,  who  were  deputed  by  the  Pope  to  confer  with  him.  Nor  did  he  c<mftDC  *«™f»f 
to  idle  words ;  besides  his  treatment  of  the  Monks  of  Canterbury,  some  pcopeiti  of 
the  Bishop  of  Worcester,  the  nature  of  which  is  not  specified,  was  aeised,  and  fcr 
some  time  retained,  on  account  of  an  answer  made  by  him  to  the  King's  meaaeMen 
'  concerning  Stephen  de  Langeton '  (p.  92.  b.) ;  and  a  prebend  held  by  •  Master  Ste- 
phen de  Langeton'  was  given  by  the  King  to  *  Terric  le  Ties  his  Talet,  or  psfe.' 
(p.  96.) 

It  was  unfortunate  for  John  that  he  held  the  Kingdom  of  England  at  a  time  wkea 
those  continental  powers  with  which  he  came  most  frequently  in  contact,  were  mt- 
▼emed  by  sovereigns,  not  merely  his  superiors  in  talent  and  temper,  bat  whose  aktE- 
ties  were  above  the  ordinary  standard  of  mankind.  He  had  been  Tanqoished  by  Ihe 
military  skill  of  the  King  of  France,  and  was  now  to  bend  before  the  spiritoal  ■f***- 
rity  of  the  Pdpe.  After  a  protracted  negociation,  and  a  fruitless  interview  luawma 
the  King  and  Cardinal  Simon  Langton,*  the  brother  of  Stephen,  (Gal.  Rot.  ht. 
3.b)  the  interdict  was  published  on  the  23d  March,  1806,  by  the  Bishops  of  Iiirndtrs, 
Ely,  and  Worcester.  These  prelates,  together  with  several  others,  inunediately  after* 
wards  left  the  kingdom.  '  llie  churches  were  instantly  closed  ;  no  bell  was  tifBrft 
no  service  was  solemnly  performed ;  the  administration  of  the  sacraments,  eseept  Is 
Infants,  and  to  the  dying,  was  prohibited ;  and  the  bodies  of  the  dead  vrere  sileadr 
buried  in  unconsecrated  ground.'f    John  instantly  seised  into  his  own  hands  all  the 


•  This  interview  rests  upon  the  authority  of  these  and  the  patent  rolls.      A 

writ  concerning  it  occurs  at  p.  102.  b  of  this  volume.  '  The  King  to  Master  SiaiOB 
de  Langeton,  greeting.  Know  ye  that  we  have  granted  that  you,  and  yoar  people  who 
shall  accompany  you,  may  come  into  England  in  safety  to  speak  with  na,  in  maaacr 
contained  in  our  letters  patent  of  safe-conduct  which  we  send  to  you.  So  never&e- 
less  that  before  the  AbW  of  Binedon  you  give  security  that  neither  yoa,  nor  your 
people  who  shall  come  with  you,  will  do  any  thing  in  this  journey  through  oar  i-«J 
'  by  which  harm,  or  damage,  may  come  to  us,  or  our  kingdom.  And  that  yoa  wiO 
treat  only  concerning  the  dispute  between  us  and  yonr  brother,  and  not  about  aay 
thing  else.'  This  writ  is  without  a  date,  but  that  which  follows  it  is  dated  at  Loa- 
don,  20th  February  1208,  and  is  a  direction  '  to  the  Bailiffs  of  the  Port  of  Dover  '  to 
find  a  passage  into  Flanders  for  the  Abbot  of  Binedon,  orBiledon,  and  Master  Hearr 
de  Sanford,  the  messengers  to  whom  the  above  writ,  and  also  the  safe  condact,  wm 
intrusted.  We  learn  from  the  Patent  Rolls  that  the  interview  between  the  King  and 
Simon  Langton  took  place  at  Winchester  about  the  middle  of  March.  Lonirtoa  ia 
the  presence  of  the  bishops  entreated  the  king  that  he  would  receive  his  brother  as 
archbishop  of  Canterbury ;  '  and  when,'  continues  the  entry  upon  the  rolL  *  we 
would  have  spoken  to  him  about  a  reservation  of  our  dignity  in  this  matter  he  UM 
us  that  with  respect  to  that  he  could  do  nothing  for  us  unless  we  put  oorself  'entiielT 
into  his  hands.'  (CaL  Rot.  Pat.  p.  3.)  Several  other  letters  of  safe  condact  wen 
granted  to  Simon  Langton  about  this  time,  but  nothing  can  be  made  out  of  the  coa- 
ftised  statements  respecting  them  in  the  Calendar  to  the  Patent  Rolls.  We  aKan 
never  be  able  to  judge  correctly  respecting  John's  conduct  upon  this  occasion  until 
these  all-important  Records  are  published.  ' 

f  We  here  quote  the  words  of  Lingard,  (Vol.  IIL  p.  28.)  an  excellent  authority 
upon  such  a  subject.  If  it  had  consisted  with  our  space,  we  would  have  extracted  die 
equally  accurate  but  far  more  elaborate  passage  of  Hume  relating  to  the  same  events. 
It  is  scarcely  possible  to  praise  too  highly  the  account  given  by  the  latter  historian  of 
John's  quarrel  with  the  Pope.  Correct  in  style  as  in  matter,  it  has  all  the  interest  of 
romance,  and,  alone,  would  go  far  towards  placing  its  author  at  the  head  of  RwHinh 
historians.  ^^ 


1835.] 


The  Close  Rolla  of  King  John. 


583 


lanilfl  Etnd  effects  of  the  clergy  throughout  the  kingdom.  It  would  appe^ir  that  per- 
Bou»  were  appoittted  tn  every  county  to  be  '  keeiieni  of  the  effect!  and  rents  of  clerks 
and  religiouR  houses;'  but  certain  religious  houses  and  other  descriptions  of  eccl«> 
siasdcal  property  were  occasionally  committed  to  other  persons  than  the  ordinary 
befpers.  Thu<«  Geoffrey  fitz  Peter,  the  Earl  of  Es8ex,  and  the  Justiciary,  Itad  a  grunt 
of  the  costod  J  of  the  rents  of  ecclesiastics  charged  upon  his  lands,  or  those  of  his 
wards,  or  other  persons  belonging  to  his  family,  (p.  107  b.)  The  grants  were  made 
during  the  King's  pleasure,  and  the  grantees  were  answerable  to  the  Kingfor  the  rents 
and  profits  in  the  usual  manner  of  custodies.  Numerous  exceptions  occur,  as,  for 
instance,  the  following,  in  the  case  of  the  Archd<;acun  of  Stafford,  who  is  proved  by  the 
neit  writ  to  have  been  at  the  same  time  sent  to  the  continent  upon  an  embassy.  '  The 
King  to  the  SheriffT  of  Nottingham  and  Derby,  &c.  M'e  command  you  that  you  per- 
mit the  effects  and  rents  of  our  well-beloved  the  Archdeacon  of  Stafford  in  your  bail- 
wick  to  be  in  peace,  and  to  remain  in  the  custody  of  his  servants,  because  he  will 
answer  therefore  to  us  if  we  desire  it ;  and  let  us  know  what  things  Ixavc  remained  in 
his  custody — and  whnt  is  their  value.  Witness  myself  at  Aodingeburn,  the  27tb  day 
of  March  [liOilj.'  (p.  )(»7  b.)  In  explnnatiun  of  thii*  writ  baring  been  directed  to 
the  '  sheriff^  instead  of  the  '  eustodeM,'  we  would  suggest  that  it  was  probably  granted 
before  the  '  ctutodet'  had  obtained  possession,  which  they  would  do  through  the 
sheriff,  of  the  property  referred  to.  Re-delivcries  to  the  eoclesiastica  were  generailj 
effected  by  writs  directed  to  the  *  cuttndn*  aa  in  the  following  instance. 

"  Tlie  King  to  Reginald  de  CorohuUe,  Aic.  Know  yon  that  all  the  lands,  houses, 
tenements,  rents,  and  chat t  Mil,  of  the  brethren  and  houses  of  the  hospital  of  Jerusalem 
in  England,  which  we  have  taken  into  our  hands  on  account  of  the  religious  and  clerks 
of  England,  we  have  committed  to  the  custody  of  the*Prior  of  the»ame  Hospital,  to  be 
kept  in  his  hand,  because  he  has  undertaken  that  he  will  answer  to  us  at  our  will  for 
all  the  proceeds,  and  that  nothing  thereof  will  he  send  beyond  sea  without  our  license. 
And,  therefore,  w«  command  you  that  you  permit  htm  to  have  those  things  in  manner 
aforesaid,  and  that  you  thenceforth  in  nowise  intromit  therewith.  Witness  myself  at 
Bedhamton,  the  1st  day  of  April  [l!2()S].  Letters  in  the  same  form  were  written  to 
the  other  Custodes  in  whose  Bailiwicks  the  llospitaUera  badlands." — (p.  108.) 

The  lands  of  all  the  Monks  of  the  Cistercian  order  were  very  favourably  treated  ; 
whether  on  account  of  a  payment  to  the  King,  or  for  what  other  reason  doea  not  a] 
pear,  but  the  following  writ  establishes  the  fact, 

"  The  King  to  Geoffrey  dc  Aties,  &.c.  Know  you  that  we  have  restored  to  the 
Monks  of  the  Cistercian  order,  throughout  all  England,  all  their  lands,  rents,  and 
effects,  taken  into  our  hands  on  account  of  the  interdict.  And  therefore  we  command 
yea  tlut  every  thing  belonging  to  them  in  your  bailiwick  you  cause  them  to  have  witliout 
delay,  and  the  same  to  hold  in  peace  ao  long  as  it  pleases  us.  Witness  myself  at  Wa- 
verley  the  4th  day  of  April  [1208].  Letters  in  the  same  form  were  written  to  all  th« 
enitddes  throughout  England." — (p.  lot)  b.) 

The  following  curiooi  writ  proves  bow  completely  the  clergy  were  at  the  mercy 
the  '  custodes.* 

**  TIjc  King  to  Hugh  de  Nevill,  5tc.  We  command  yon  that  you  allow  the  Monks, 
Canons.  Nnns,  and  all  religious  persons  in  your  bailiwick,  their  reaMonalde  estovers 
out  of  their  own  [effects],  to  wU,  two  dishes  fur  dinner  ;  and  the  Clerks  reasonable 
estovers  out  of  their  own,  by  the  view  of  four  lawful  men  of  every  ]>ariiih  ;  to  wit,  to 
those  who  have  had  that  they  may  have  out  of  their  own.  But  those  who  have  sold 
their  com,  and  have  nothing  out  of  which  they  may  be  supported,  let  Ihem  seek  where- 
out  thoy  may  have  ;  and  let  them  do  this  until  we  command  otherwise.  Witness  my. 
self  atOildeford,  the  Cth  day  of  April  [l-^OH]."— p.  |0!)  b. 

Hun*  seems  to  have  been  some  general  precept  which  regulated  iJie  atlowanevs  to  be 
made  by  the  custodes  to  the  clergy,  but  we  have  not  found  any  thing  more  than  occa. 
aional  refereaoea  to  it  in  writs  directed  to  custodes,  who  probably  «cc«  «WBa|^iAKA  tA. 


584  TnK  Nkw  Rkcoru  Commissiox— No.  I.  [Ji 


for  havfaig  abiurd  their  powrr  (vidr  p.  110,  111  b.).  Thr  opprcmion  of  the 
WM  not  the  oaly  difficaltjr  againtit  which  the  clergy  had  to  strngglft.  The  folknnig 
writ  affords  a  sinfcuUr  proof  of  the  snmmary  character  of  legal  proceedings  at  thi» 
time,  and  leads  to  the  inference  that  tbecleri^,  and  not  the  king,  were  the  nnpopahr 
parties  in  the  pending  dispute.  It  dues  not  appear  to  the  sheriff  of  what  ooaatj  it 
was  directed  ;  probably  it  was  sent  to  erery  county. 

•'  We  command  you  that  yon  cause  it  to  be  cryed,  without  delay,  throoghoot  yov 
county,  that  no  men.  as  they  love  their  bodies  and  goods,  either  do  or  aay  harii  t» 
the  rclifpnas  men,  or  clerks,  against  our  peace  ;  and  that  if  we  can  catch  any  body  ia 
the  fai-t  we  will  have  him  hung  at  the  next  oak.  Witness  myself  at  MarlcMdgc  the 
nth  day  of  April  [i:o«]."— p.  Ill 

We  can  faucy  that  this  writ  is  couched  in  the  very  words  in  which  the  direction  for 
it  proceeded  fniiii  tlte  mouth  of  the  angry  and  ira))etuous  monarch.  The  fuUowiiis 
exemption  is  worthy  of  notice,  and  may  be  useful  to  the  toimgrapher. 

"  The  Kini;  to  Adam  Tyxon  Rial  Adam  ERturniy,  &c.  We  command  yon  that  yoi 
permit  William,  the  priest  of  Hradewater,  w^ho  is  erecting  the  Church  of  W'aTerley  at 
hilt  own  cost,  to  hold  in  Rood  |teace  all  rents  and  iMi9«>essions.  and  all  his  trnemento  ia 
your  bailiwick,  taken  into  our  hands  on  account  of  the  interdict,  that  he  luay  complete 
the  said  erection  thereout.     Witness  myself  at  Sutton  the  7th  day  of  Ajirii  [IJO?]." 

—p.  no. 

.\ll  church  prefermentK  or  )>resentations,  be.<«towcd  by  the  Bishops  who  were  out  of 
England,  were  not  merely  rendere<l  aliortive  by  being  at  once  seized  into  the  King'* 
hand:t.  ^>.  \'2G),  but  iieriioiiK  wlio  accepted  preferments  from  them  were  waned  tt 
quit  the  country  without  dilny. —  (i).  130.) 

Tliis  state  of  things  lasted  for  five  years,  during  which  time  the  Pope  excommaai- 
CRtcd  the  Enslihh  monarch,  afterwartls  absolved  his  subjects  from  their  allegiance  ts 
him,  and  finally  jironounccd  against  him  a  sentence  of  de]H)sition.  Whilst  these  pro* 
ccediiiRs  were  going  on,  John  kept  alive  the  attention  of  his  subjects  by  hostile  ex- 
peditionii  into  Scotland,  Ireland,  and  Wales,  of  which  many  particulars  are  to  be 
found  in  these  Ut>ll!i.     We  will  (|Uote  two  which  relate  to  the  *  Welsh  exjiedition.' 

"  The  King  to  Geoffrey  dc  Lucy,  &c.  We  command  you  that  immediately  ufna 
sight  of  these  letters  you  send  our  eighteen  gallies  from  Chester,  upon  a  cruise  aloof 
the  const  of  the  land  of  Lewclin,  to  destroy  and  sink  the  ships  and  gallies  and  boai* 
of  our  enemies  of  Wales,  and  to  do  them  harm  by  every  means  in  their  power ;  b«t 
always  1>e  very  careful  lest  harm  should  hap]>en  to  you  from  the  land  or  power  of 
William  ICarl  Marescall ;  and  send  to  Bristoll  two  gallies  with  our  stores,  and  kt 
those  who  bring  them  apprise  ns  when  they  arrive  at  Bristoll ;  and  if  you  want  raoner 
let  us  know.  Witness  myself  at  Nottingham  the  17th  day  of  August  [1^121  "— 
p.  V2\  b. 

"  The  King  to  Fnlkes,  ike.  Wc  command  yon  that  you  destroy  the  Abbev  of  Strat- 
flcur,  which  gives  suc<'our  to  our  enemies,  as  you  have  informed  us,  by  every  meau 
in  your  power;  and  as  to  the  weak  untenable  castles  in  your  bailwick,  let  them  he 
burnt,  and  let  those  which  are  strong,  and  which  can  l>e  held,  be  well  fortified  and 
kept.     Witness  myself  at  Nottingham  the  I7th  day  of  August  [l^ilSJ.** — ^n,  |i>o_ 

At  every  successive  stage  of  the  pajml  punishments,  the  difficulties  of  the  English 
sovereign  inrrcuscd.  Of  all  the  bishops  only  thrt>e  remained  in  England  ;  some  of  the 
judges  declared  it  unlawful  to  act  under  an  excommunicated  prince  ;  and,  at  length, 
treason  crept  in  amongst  liin  barons.  To  protect  himself,  as  well  as  he  could,  he  ad- 
ministered to  them  new  oaths  of  allegiance ;  and  procured  them  to  hign  charters  bind- 
ing themselves  to  scne  him  faithfully  (p.  IIH).  Some  uf  these  charters  were  ex- 
ecuted by  sureties ;  as,  for  instance,  the  Earl  of  Boulogne  and  Hugh  de  Bores  under- 
took by  charter  that  William  de  St.  Audomar  would  serve  the  King  faithfully,  p.  1 19. 
Another  practice,  w\uch  tombl-j  illustrates  the  manners  of  the  times,  was  resorted  t9 
3 


1, 


193-i.l  The  Chae  Rolls  of  King  John.  585 

u  a  meant  of  binding  the  slippery  fidelity  of  Lis  Fubject«  ;  be  demnnded  their  ofail> 
dren  aa  hostages.  There  seems  every  reason  to  believe  that  these  hostages  were  kept 
in  a  very  easy  and  honourable  manner  ;  but  such  a  practice  clearly  nhews  upon  what 
bad  terms  the  King  stood  with  the  most  influential  of  his  subjects.  The  dreadful  con- 
sequences  which  resulted  to  William  de  Briis  and  his  family  from  the  refusal  of  his 
wife  to  entrust  her  son  to  a  man  who  had  murdered  his  own  nephew,  are  well  known, 
having  been  related  by  Hume.  Tlic  foUotting  entries  illustrate  the  mode  in  wluch 
these  hostages  were  treated. 

"  The  King  to  Richard  de  Chartray,  he.  We  send  you  your  nephew  Philip, 
hostage  for  Reginald  de  Chartmy,  your  brother,  comcnnnding  you  that  you  keep  him 
safely  as  a  hostage.  Witness  myself  at  Clarendon  the  27  th  day  uf  February  [19081." 
—p.  104.  b. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  aboTc  writ  is  dated  before  the  publication  of  the  inter- 
dict, and  therefore  proves  that  the  practice  of  rc<|niring  hostages  had  been  resorted  to 
by  John  before  that  event.  It  is  princi|ially  qnoted  to  shew  the  manner  in  which  the 
hostages  were  kept ;  in  the  present  instance  the  young  gentleman  was  committed  to 
the  care  of  his  uncle.  It  is  well  known  that  John  was  interrupted  in  his  Welsh  ex. 
pedition  by  the  discnvery  of  a  conspiracy  to  assuissinate  him.  The  following  writs 
refer  to  that  transaction  as  well  to  the  subject  of  hostages. 

"  The  King  to  William  Earl  Warenne,  and  Edward  Archdeacon  of  Durham,  and 
Philip  de  Ulecot,  greHing.  Know  ye  that  Richard  de  Umframvill  has  bound  him- 
self  tu  us  by  bin  charter,  to  deliver  to  us  bis  four  sons  and  his  castle  of  Pnidhomme, 
as  hostages  for  his  faithful  service.  So  that  if  we  can  discover  that  be  was  present  at 
the  treasonable  conference  held  against  us,  or  was  a  participator  in  the  Mid  treason, 
hi.<i  aforesaid  sons  and  bis  castle  aforesaid,  and  all  his  lands  shall  be  forfeited  to  us, 
and  that  we  may  do  with  his  body  as  with  the  body  of  our  traitor.  And  the  same 
Richard  will  deliver  to  us  bis  castle  on  Friday  in  eight  days  of  St,  Bartholomew,  and 
the  aforesaid  hostages,  to  wit,  his  four  KOn:),  he  will  deliver  to  us  on  Tuesday  next 
after  those  eight  days,  wheresoever  wc  shall  then  be.  And  therefore  we  command 
you  that  the  said  ctustle  you  receive  from  him  on  the  aforesaid  Friday,  and  that  you 
keep  it  safely,  and  let  his  lands  be  in  peace  until  his  aforesaid  sons  and  his  castle  ha 
shall  have  delivered  to  ns  ;  and  let  us  know  bow  he  conducts  himself.  Witnesa  my- 
self at  Kingeshaugh  the  24th  day  of  August  [1 212] ."—Vide  p.  12!2.  b. 

Whether  upon  a  sabsequent  amngemaot  the  King  was  satisfied  with  the  posseariov 
of  two  instead  of  four  of  these  '  little  ones,'  does  not  appear,  but  the  following  writ 
occurs  respecting  two  of  them. 

"  The  King  to  Ralph  de  Ralegh  and  Geoffrey  de  Martigny.  We  send  you  two  of 
Ihe  toiu  of  Richard  de  Utufraiiivill,  namely,  Odivell  and  Robert,  and  comniaud  yon 
to  let  them  wait  daily  before  the  Queeu  at  dinner.  But  their  preceptor  is  not  to 
coaa  before  the  Queen.  Let  them  also  sleep  at  night  in  the  halt,  and  ^ee  that  they  b« 
boflioankbly  attended  to.  Witness  the  King  at  Durham  the  3d  day  of  beptembcr 
[1812]."— Vide  p.  123.  b.» 

The  final  papal  aenteaoe  of  deposition  was  entrasted  for  execadon  to  the  King  of 
France.  Ho  had  already  greatly  narrowed  the  dominions  of  John,  and  entered  wil- 
lingly into  the  holy  warfare  which  had  for  its  apparent  aim  to  strike  him  out  of  the 
number  of  European  sorcrei^s.  Great  rewards  both  temporal  and  eternal  were 
promised  by  the  Pope,  and  an  armament  was  collected  of  a  magnitude  corresponding 
with  the  importance  of  its  object.  In  the  mean  time  John  was  not  idle.  Many 
proofs  occur  in  this  volume  of  the  care  with  which  he  cultivated  the  frierKlship  of 
foreign  powers,  eapedally  of  those  whose  interference  could  check  the  designs  of 

*  This  is  one  of  the  specimens  g^veu  iu  Mr.  Hardy's  Introduction,  p-  47.  With 
the  correction  of  a  misprint,  aud  one  utiier  altci^tiun,  we  have  gladly  availed  ourselvM 
of  his  translation.  

GsNT.  Mao.  Vol.  Ill,  V^ 


I 
I 


I 


1 

I 


586 


The  New  Rkcord  Commission. — "No.  L 


fr«. 


France.  He  repaired  his  castles;  levied  troops  in  every  quarter ;  issard  nrAer*fat 
the  manufacture  of  initny  uuels,  petraries,  quarrels,  and  other  warlike  implemrnta : 
summoned  tbe  Earl  of  Pcmbruke  and  the  Bishop  of  Norwich,  his  gorernors  in  IrdMtlf 
to  come  to  him  with  ull  the  troops  they  could  master ;  and  ActuAUy  collected  n 
anny  of  sixty  thousand  men  upon  Barham  Downs.  '  If,^  says  Matthew  Paris,  '  that 
had  been  but  oae  heart  and  mind  amongst  them,  tbe  Kinj^dom  of  England  might  hsi* 
defended  itiiielf  against  every  prince  under  heaven.'  In  addition  to  his  prepcrstioM 
by  land,  liia  deet,  to  which  he  alwaj's  gave  great  attention,  commanded  the  »ea,  and 
to  all  outward  appearance  his  cause  was  still  prosperous.  At  this  particular  period 
it  unfortunately  happens  that  tlie  roll  is  defective.  The  circumstance  is  bot 
by  the  Editor,  but,  from  the  number  of  blanks  in  p.  Mi),  we  presume  it  hu 
obliterated  by  time.  We  find  many  writ»  relating  to  the  general  summoiiB  for  A* 
defence  of  the  kingdom  previous  to  the  l'2th  April.  1S13,  but  from  that  day  to  Ika 
following  ^24th  May,  no  writs  occur.  Between  these  two  dates  John's  position  haA 
materially  altered  ;  through  the  intervention  of  the  Templara,  who  appear  to  hav« 
interested  thrmi^elves  deeply  in  the  affair,  an  interview  was  brought  about  betweci 
the  King  and  Pandulph,  at  Dover.  The  result  is  well  known.  Upon  terms  at 
buiDiliating,  John  procured  peace  and  absolution,  and  Pandulph  returned  to  the 
of  FVancc  to  forbid  him  any  longer  to  entertain,  hostile  designs  againat 
repentant  son  fiod  hunibk-  ra!<sal  uf  the  papal  church.  Although  the  roU  of  I 
precise  date  is  absent,  many  curious  particulars  respecting  the  eettletnent  may 
picked  up  here  and  there.  The  Tenijdars,  as  we  have  before  remarked,  inte* 
rested  themselves  in  bringing  about  the  reconciliation  with  the  Holy  See  ;  the  intor* 
view  with  Pandulph  was  at  tlte  Temple  at  Dover ;  there  also  took  place  the 
nation  of  (he  kingdom  into  the  hands  of  Pandulph  ;  and  John  removed  immfl 
afterward*  to  the  Temple  at  EweU  (p.  l.'J.'J)  ;  they  were  keepers  at  that  time  of  I 
quantities  of  treasure  belonging  to  tbe  king — and  subsequently,  when  be  was  absolwd, 
we  learn  from  the  following  writ  that  the  Master  of  the  Temple  was  present,  and  that 
the  king  laid  himself  under  a  curious  obligation  to  him. 

"  The  King  to  Williom  our  Treasurer  and  G.  and  R.  our  Chamberlains,  &c.  De- 
liver out  of  our  treasure  to  the  Master  of  the  Knighthood  of  tiie  Temple  in  Cnglaad 
nine  marks  of  silver,  for  one  mark  of  gold  which  the  same  Master  lent  us  for  an  ofler* 
ing  on  the  day  on  which  we  were  absoh-ed.  Witness  myself  at  Thodmers  tbe  £Sd 
day  of  August,  in  the  15th  year  of  our  reign  [1^13]." — p.  148  b. 

The  Master  of  the  Temple  here  mentioned  was  Elmeric,  or  Ayineric  St.  IKaur.  or 
Seymour.  His  services  to  the  king  were  rewarded  by  aeveral  grants  of  imm  unities  to 
his  order,  which  are  noticed  on  these  rolls. 

No  sooner  was  tbe  English  monarch  A-eed  from  hia  apprehensions  of  inTarioo  hy 
his  aettlemeot  with  the  Pope,  and  a  total  defeat  of  the  French  fleet  by  his  brother* 
the  Earl  of  Salisbury,  than  he  determined  to  employ  the  vast  body  of  troops  be  haJ 
collected  together,  in  an  endeavour  to  rr;;ain  his  continental  dominions.  Tbe  eutriea 
upon  these  rolls  arc  full  of  thia  design,  and  exhibit  the  King's  situation  aa  clearly  as  it 
is  possible  to  do.  What,  for  instance,  can  more  vividly  e»hibit  the  bustle,  the  TWy 
agony,  if  we  may  so  express  ourselves,  of  preparation  for  a  deadly  conflict,  than  dw 
fullowing. 

**  The  King  to  the  Sheriffs  of  Dorset  and  Somerset,  &c.     We  command  you 
as  yon  love  U!*,  yourselves,  and  your  own  Iwdies,  you  buy  for  our  use  all  the  oala 
can  lay  your  hands  upon,  in  the  counties  of  Doraet  and  Somerset,  to  wboronoever  i 
may  belong,  and  that  you  take  tltc  money  for  tbia  parpoae  from  the  abbies  in  oiar 
hands,  and  in  your  custody,  and  elsewhere,  whererer  yon  can  get  it,  whether  hi 
loan,  or  in  any  other  manner  ;  and  do  not  let  this  be  delayed  for  want  of  aaoM^, , 


I' 


cauM  yon  know  well  that  three  tboiuand  qnarters  of  oats  will  not  be  sufficieint  for  as. 
We  also  command  you  that  vetting  every  thing  «gide  you  cause  to  be  made,  day  and 
ni|:ht,  ns  mnny  po-tturc  hurdles  as  you  i-an,  in  the  wood  of  Wimburnchaunt»  »o  that 
each  may  contain  ten  feet  in  length,  and  fie\'en  in  breadth.  Abo  cause  to  be  made  at 
Bridport,  n]g:ht  and  day,  ai  many  ropes  for  shipft,  both  large  and  small,  and  as  many 
cables  oa  you  can,  and  twisted  yarns  for  cordage  for  balisCa.  See  also  that  as  well  the 
oats  as  the  ropes  and  the  cables,  as  the  twisted  yams,  we  have  ready  without  de^^ 
lay  when  ever  we  shall  send  for  them-  And  the  cost  which  yon  shall  expend  in  thia 
matter  by  the  view  and  testimony  of  lawful  men  in  the  purchase  of  the  oats  aforessid, 
and  in  the  carriage,  and  in  the  making  of  hurdles,  and  in  the  carriage  thereof,  and  in 
the  making  of  rope«i  and  purchase  of  the  aforfsuid  tiftisted  yarns,  shall  be  allowed  you 
at  the  Eichenuer.      Witness  myself  at  Dover  the  29th  day  of  May,  on  the  15lh  year, 

&c,  [isiaj."— p.  i:i4. 

These  mighty  preparations  were  rendered  fraitless  by  the  want  of  cordiality  betweeo 
John  and  his  Barons. 

The  agreement  between  John  and  the  Pope  was  immediately  followed  by  the  return 
of  the  Bishops  to  England,  and  the  entry  of  Langton  npon  the  duties  of  his  arch. 
bishuprick.  Many  important  writs  occur  respecting  these  points.  The  following  are 
some  of  them. 

••  The  King  to  the  Bailiffs  of  the  Port  of  I^ndon.  Know  ye  that  we  have  given 
license  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London,  that  he  may  send  one  ship  to  London  with  his 
own  b&ggage  from  parts  beyond  !<ess-  And  therefore  we  command  you  that  you  per> 
mit  that  ship  to  come  and  depart  without  hindrance.  Witness  myself  at  Wingeham 
the  Ihirty-first  day  of  May  [1213]."— p.  134.* 

"  The  King  to  Peter  dc  Crohun  and  Eudo  de  I^ascell,  &c.  Know  ye  that  we  hare 
restored  to  our  venerable  father,  Stephen  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  Archbishop- 
rick  of  Canterbury,  entirely,  with  aU  its  ajipurtenances.  And  therefore  we  command 
you  that  the  Manors  of  Hergeand  Hese,  which  we  delivered  to  you,  you  deliver  without 
deUy  to  Henry  the  Archdeacon  of  Canterbury,  who  has  been  appointed  in  that  be- 
half.'    Witness  myself  at  Wingeham  the  Slst  day  of  May  [liia]." — p.  134. 

"  The  King  to  Henry  de  Sandwlc,  &c.  We  command  you  that  yon  let  the  Bishop 
of  Norwich  have  three  cogs  [vessels)  out  of  those  which  ore  at  Sandwich,  without 
delay,  to  be  sent  for  the  Lord  Archbishop,  and  the  Bishops,  that  they  may  come  into 
England.  So  that  the  some  Bishop  nf  Nur^nrh  pay  their  freight,  and  th«t  nothing  be 
charged  to  us  on  that  account.  Witnet-»  Robert  de  V'ipont  at  Chilehum,  the  llth 
day  of  June  [1213]."— p.  137  b. 

"  The  King  to  the  Sheriff  of  Kent.  &c  We  command  you  that  without  delay  yov 
ctnse  our  venerable  fothcr  Stephen,  Archhinboi)  of  Canterbur)',  to  have  full  seizin  of 
his  lands,  and  rents,  with  his  iHisse^ions  and  liberties,  such  »»  he  ought  to  hold  them, 
and  as  his  predecessors  were  accustomed  to  hold  the  some-  Witness  myself  at  Esseleg 
the  13th  day  of  Jnly,  in  the  ISth  year  of  our  reign  [1V13].  Similar  writs  were  di- 
rected to  the  Sheriffs  of  Middlesex,  lA)ndon,  Sasaes,  and  Surrey  ;  tested  in  the  same 
manner,  and  dated  on  the  sante  <Iay." — p.  145  b. 

Many  other  writs  occur  upon  the  same  subject,  and  several  relating  to  the  payment 
of  the  compensation  to  the  clergy  (p.  15H),  and  the  tribute  to  the  Pope.  (p.  158  b). 
Indeed  there  is  scarcely  any  point  in  the  arraagrmenti  between  the  King  and  the 
restored  clergy  that  is  not  illustrated,  and  oftentimea  fully  explained  by  eotriics  upon 
these  rolls. 

rPo  be  eontinued.J 


I 


*  Tills  writ  was  afterwards  cancelled  upon  the  Close  Rolls,  and  entered  upon 
Patent  Rolls.     See  Calendar,  p.  4  b. 


5S8 


[Jane, 


MONUMENTS  OF  TIFE  LONG  FAMILY. 
(n*i7il  o  Plate.) 


Mr.  I'ftnAV, 

TlIKtwi)  nic>niiindit.4,  both  in  the 
rnuntv  of  Wilt^t,  which  form  the  sub- 
ject of  thr  arrompanyinc  plate,  are 
rotiucnl  from  the  orijcioals  recently 
rxrnitiKl  hr  a  rnunz.  !>plf-tnucht.  and 
native  Rtti>t.  the  son  of  Mr.  Sampson, 
a  rarprntrr.  at  Lrn,  near  Malmcshury. 

Tlu-  iip|>fr  niotiijiiu'nt  which  ynu 
have  civcn.  is  on  the  south  siilr  of  the 
navf  of  the  church  of  South  Wraxall ; 
an«l  14  coiiiinfniorativc,  as  the  armo- 
rial hoarin:;-  r-ufficiently  indicate,  of 
one  of  the  faniilr  of  Lone.  Uu>  early 
|io^8e!)snr«nf  theohl  mannr-house  (now 
the  property  nf  il.  (i.  Loni;,  Ks(|.  of 
Ruwil  .\shtiin^  not  far  from  the  church. 

Ue!<pectini;  the  individual  to  whose 
memory  thi.n  monuriieut  was  rallied, 
there  i-\i»t<  no  evidence  1)eyond  its 
character  and  its  coatn  of  arms.  The 
ettiiiy  appfarM.  beyond  a  (|ue>tion,  to 
W  that  of  a  female,  ami  the  sliit-hl 
hehl  hy  the  aiici-l  bears*  tlu-  coal  of 
Loni;,  ini(>a1itii;  Berki'Iey  <|uarterinc 
Seymour.  The  lion,  or  some  herald- 
beirotten  monster  of  that  eenu»,  on 
the  right,  has,  as  will  be  observed,  a 
shield  !ius|K-iidcd  to  its  neck,  bearing 


the  true  charges  on  the  cbevron  in  the 
coat  of  Berkeley.  1  felt  satisfied  in 
then  pronouncing  them  to  be  three 
roM9,  and  that  fact  seems  to  be  boroe 
out  by  the  circumstancre  of  the  hoap, 
about  a  century  and  a  half  ago.  speak- 
ini;  of  the  "  distinction  of  three  roses 
on  the  chevron,"  in  their  coat  of 
Berkeley.  The  only  charices  that  I 
have  ever  yet  been  able  to  find  on  any 
coat  of  Rerkeley,  were  (and  they  wdl 
be  noticed  in  the  lower  nionament^ 
annulet;*.  Those  on  the  monument  at 
\Vraxall  were  decidedly  not  annulets. 
Tradition  has  long  since  naarritfd  one 
of  the  ancestors  of  the  Longs  to  a 
Berkeley  of  Beverstonc,  and  another 
to  a  Seymour.  According  to  some 
autiiorities  the  Beverstonc  branch  bore 
the  coal  within  a  border  Argent.  It 
is  clear  from  this  mouunoent  that  the 
female  in  question  was  a  Berkeley. 
It  is  also  equally  clear  that  she  came 
of  a  branch  of  Berkeley  that  had  pre- 
viously intermarried  with  an  heiress 
of  Seymour.  At  the  same  time  it  ap- 
pears passing  strange  that  both  on  the 
monument  and  in  the  earliest  armorial 
bearines  of  the  faroilv,   the  Scvroonr 


the  coat  of  Loni;,  and  that  on  the  left     coat  should  occupy  the  prominent  po- 


a  similar  shield  bearinir  (but  which  is 
not  perhaps  given  quite  in  the  true 
Dpirit  of  the  original)  the  coat  of  Sey- 
mour; viz.  a  pair  of  wings.  It  ap- 
pears, howevi-r,  to  have  sustained  con- 
siderable injury  since  I  saw  it  in  1S'J2, 
es]M*eially  the  head  of  the  lion  on  the 
right,  in  the  paimel  at  the  foot  of 
the  monument,  hut  partly  obscured  by 
the  doorway  of  the  aisle  or  side  chajwl. 
thifl  latter  l>earing  ap]>ears  acain,  in 
relief,  though  not  on  any  shield.  On 
the  south  bide  no  traces  of  any  carved 
work  are  visible.  The  whole  ha*  been 
so  lamentably  disfigured  by  the  inde- 
fatigable industry  of  the  white- wash- 
ing gentr}-  of  the  Georgian  era  of 
Church  embellishments,  and  so  fear- 
ftilly  mutilated  by  the  exercise  of  that 
ingenuity  which  seems  to  bi»  the  pe- 
ruliar  birthright  of  the  English  com- 
iniinalty,  aided  and  abetted  by  the 
pfTiirlM  of  a  school  occupying  the  ad- 
loining  pew.  that  it  required,  when  I 
viMleiilhespotin  \S-2'1.  a  most  minute 
-«amiiiati(m ;  and  after  tearing  down 
'irh  Ijoarding,  in  order  to  de<<fnher 


siti(m,  and  to  the  entire  exclusion  of 
that  of  Berkeley.  Long.  Popham,  Sey- 
mour, anil  Long,  quarterly,  "were  the 
almost  invariable  arms  used  by  the 
family  ;  and  I'opham  certainly  did  not 
bring  in  Seymour.  The  only  contem- 
jwrary  alliance  of  Berkeley  and  Sev- 
mour  that  I  have  yet  met  ■with, /will 
be  found  in  the  following  pedigree  in 
Lc  Neve's  Barunets,  vol.  i.  Coll.  Arm. 
EJnmadus  .<eymer,=j=Joh*a,  uxor. 
Chivalcr, 


r 


et.  ItiL 


Tho.  SeTmcr.=T= 

Eliiab.  (iL  ux.  Tho.  Berkeley, 
Vide  Eseh.  <)  H.  5. 

With  recanl  to  the  supposed  date 
of  this  monument,  it  may,  1  think, 
fnim  its  character,  be  asnigtied  to  the 
fit>eenth  century,  or  about  the  time  of 
IK-nr}-  the  Fifth  and  Sixth,  or  Kdward 
the  Fourth,  Thetottcrlnck.  with  which 
it  is  so  profusi-Iy  ornamented,  was  a 
badire  iis»'d  bv  the  l.onjs ;  and  as  Au- 
brey his  M>S.  in  reference 
to  *  Mf   Draycot   C'crnc, 


•  •••• 

•  ••• 

••••• 


1835.} 


Long,  of  Draycot  Ceme.  -"* 


5^ 


"  held  by  petit  Beijeantie,  viz.  by  be- 
ing Marsbal  at  the  King's  Corona- 
tion, which  is  the  reason  the  Ccrnes 
gave  the  Marshal's  lock  for  their  cog- 
nizance." Now  there  i«  no  doabt 
but  that  Draycot  Cemc  was  held  by 
that  tenure,  and  a  fetterlock  may,  in 
cooscquence.  have  been  a  badge  of  the 
Cemea ;  but  as  the  property  of  Dray- 
cot did  certainly  not  come  into  poB- 


sesBton  of  the  Longs  until  after  1449. 
(that  is,  on  the  death  ofThomas  Waytc) 
and  then  not  through  any  match  of 
Berkeley  or  Seymour,  it  is  irepossiblo 
to  refer  the  Wraxall  fetterlocks  to  that' 
connection.  This  will  be  better  ex- 
plained by  the  subjoined  pedigree, 
which  will  also  further  illustrate  the 
second  monument  in  the  Plate,  of  the 
identity  of  which  there  is  no  doabt. 


Edw.  Wayte,  saidY-Margaret 
to  Im)  son  of  Wil-      ..... 
liwn    Wttjrte,    by     heiress  of 
Aune,  da.  and  cob.     Draycot 
of  Edward  Mom-     Ceme. 
pesfloti. 


Robert  Longe,  of  Wraxnll.     In-r-Alice,  dau.  and  heir 


the  conun.  of  the  peace  for  Wilts, 
1426";  M.P.  for  the  county, 
1433  ;  named  in  the  will  of  Ro- 
bert Lord  Hungerford  (son  of 
the  Lord  Treasurer)  in  1459, 


of  Re^iimld  Pop. 
bam,  of  North  Brad- 
ley, CO,  Wilts,  some- 
time!! called  Regi- 
nald de  Bradley. 


Matilda,  sist.  and 
coh. ;  mar.  Sir 
John  Chalera, 
Knt.  Sheriff  of 
Berks  I44c|. 

Thomas  Wayte, 
of  Uraycote 
terne.andofthe 
Tfm|>le.  Will  p. 
1449;  btj.  inthe 
Temple  Ch.  s.  p. 


Marpa— i-John 
Loofe, 


larga 
rt!t. 
sister 
and 
coll. 


of 

Dray- 

mt 

C'crnc 

jureux. 

viveoa 

14-7. 


Rcfii- 

nald 

Long, 

ob. 

ante 

1490. 


Henry Longe.ofWrax — 1.  w.  Johanna, 


aU  :  Sheriff  of  WUtg, 
14o7.  Id,  and  K3. 
Will  prov.  1490;  ob. 
Oct.  20,  14.90.  Inq. 
p.  m. ;  named  in  the 
will  of  Margaret  Lady 
Hungerford,  widow  of 
Robert  before  men- 
tioned ;  ob.  s.  p. 


Ernley, 

ob. 146B. 

2.  w.  Margaret, 
dau.  of  John 
Newbur^h,  of 
Lulworth,  CO. 
Dorset. 

3.  w.  Johanna, 

cx'triz 

in  1490. 


a.  William  Longe.  (He  3.  Sir  Ri- 

may  hare  been  ances-  chard 

tor   of  the    Longs   of  Longe 

S«mington,  Whaddon,  (probably 

&c.)  a  pricstj. 


1.  Sir  Thomas  Longe,  of  Wraxall~M«rgpry,  d.  of 


and  Draycot,  Knt.  Sheriff  of 
Wilts  1501.  WiU  prov.  IJ08. 
wt.  4(1.  14,90;  bur.  at  Draycot. 


4: 


Sir  Geo.  Da- 
rell,  of  Little- 
cote,  Knt 


A  gno  the  late  Sir  J.  Tylney  Lon^,  Bart,  the  but  known 
male  desoendnnt  of  the  Lungs  of  Wraiall  and  Draycot. 


In  noticing  the  descent  of  the  Dray- 
cot property  from  the  Cernes  to  the 
LoD^,  and  the  hiatus  in  the  pedi- 
gree not  yet  filled  up,  I  would  ob- 
serve that  this  hiatus  extends  over  a 
period  of  only  eleven  year*.  On  the 
death  of  the  last  of  the  Cernes  (Ri- 
chard dc  Cerne),  his  heir  was  found 
to  be  John  Hering,  then  (viz.  in  1438) 
aged  42  ;  Tbomaa  Wayte,  who  inhe- 
rited from  his  mother,  died  in  1449 ; 
from  which  facta  we  may  fairly,  I 
think,  reduce  this  hiatus  nearly  one 
half,  giving  Wayte  about  five  years 
I  possession.  In  1452  John  Long  pre- 
sented to  the  living,  and  there  appears 
to  have  been  no  presentation,  at  least 
none  is  recorded,  from  the  presentation 
by  Edward  Cerne  in  1413,  to  that 
time.  It  is  not  possible,  within  the 
limits  of  this  communication,  to  enter 
ftt  any  length  into  the  pedigree  of  the 
Cernes.  Bat  if  the  Inquisition  taken 
in  the  i6Lh  of  J^cnrv  VI.  wu  a  tiae 


and  just  one,  it  is  clear  that  there 
was  an  intervening  family  between  the 
Cernes  and  the  Herrings,  with  whose 
name  we  are  yet  unacquainted.  It 
has  been  supposed  to  be  Burcll  of 
Langley  Burcll  ;  but  on  no  other 
ground  that  I  can  see,  excepting  that 
the  name  of  Reginald  occurs,  and  that 
Reginald  de  Burel  was  lord  of  Lang- 
ley  in  the  9th  of  Edward  I.  The  In- 
quisition on  the  death  of  Richard  de 
Cerne  is  curious,  as  shewing  the  at- 
tention paid  to  descents  in  those  days. 
It  traces  through  six  generations  in 
pursuit  of  a  common  ancestor.  The 
jurors  found  that  Richard  do  Cerne 
was  lord  of  the  manor  of  Draycot,  and 
that  he  died  in  the  8th  of  Henry  VI. 
and  that  John  Hcringe  wa«  his  cousin 
and  heir.  an<l  ili>  n  airinl  4-2  ■.  ^',7  th.tt 
he  (John  1 ;  , , 

son  of  Alio  ,v<_ 

Ro^er,  t>Qn  uV  Wv 
ftOt^  of  IVbttaX^Vk 


I 


590 

Ikther  of  Philip,  father  of  Henry.  fath«r 
of  John,  father  of  Edward,  father  of 
Edward,  father  of  the  before -mention- 
tioned  Richard. 

With  respect  to  the  badge  of  the 
fetterlock,  Le  Neve  says  ia  hU  Baro- 
nets, p.  ■id- 

*•  Thia  fetterlock    hath  beeo   lued  by 

Loof ;  it  was  a  bad^    of  Ceme, 

Marvhall  at  the  CoroDadon  by  tenare. 
Sec  an  Inquiaition  after  the  death  of  Ri- 
chard Ceme,  who  died  sans  issue.  Tho- 
mas Long  his  heir :  a  MS.  of  mioe,  P.  L. 
Nonroy,  formerly  St.  Lo  Knireton's,  in 
4to.  foL  45,  quoting  an  Inquiution  dated 
IG  Hen.  VI.  p.  41." 

We  have  no  authentic  record  by 
which  to  carry  the  pedigree  of  Long 
beyond  Robert.  The  earlier  descenU 
are  vague  and  traditional,  and  only 
given  in  a  letter  of  the  date  of  1668. 

aaoted  in  Cotlins's  Baronetage;  but 
le  statement  of  Leland,  who  lived  in 
the  time  of  Sir  Henry  Long,  th*  son 
of  Sir  Thomas,  carries  with  it  some 
authority  from  its  coincidence  with 
what  we  know  to  be  the  fact.  He 
makes  the  first  of  the  race  (Thomas  by 
name)  acquire  a  fortune  by  a  "  good 
marriage"  to  which  he  was  "  pre- 
ferred" by  one  of  the  "  old  Lords 
Hungerford,"  meaning.  I  apprehend, 
the  father,  grandfather,  or  great-ancle, 
of  the  Lord  Treasurer,  who  flourished  in 
Wiltshire  in  the  reigns  of  Edward  the 
Second  and  TTiird.  "  To  him,"  he 
Bays,  "  succeeded  Robert  and  Henry. 
Then  cam  one  Thomas  Long,  de- 
scending of  a  younger  brother  and 
good  skill  of  the  law."  &c.  \Vhich 
skill  of  the  law  brought  him  in  con- 
tact, as  it  appears,  with  Thomas  Wayte 
of  the  Temple,  and  his  sister  the 
heiress  of  Draycot  Cerne.  The  only 
theories  that  1  shall  venture  to  offer 
with  respect  to  this  monument,  are 
first,  that  it  may  be  the  monument  of 
the  mother  of  Robert  Long  ;  and  se- 
condly, that  it  may  be  the  monument 
of  the  relict  of  Henry  Long,  of  whose 
maiden  name  wc  are  ignorant.  It 
cannot  be  his  (Henry  I^jng's)  monu- 
ment ;  first,  because  the  figure  is  so 
obviously  a  female;  secondly,  because 
he  expressly  desires,  in  his  will,  to  be 
buried  "  coram  aiti  crucej"  and  thai 
this  monument  is  at  the  side  of  the 
nave.  It  is  poMible  that  it  may  have 
ijvrti  ri-inr>vod,  but  I  tTiink  not.  If  the 
individiini  coramcmonilcd  ww  the  tbo- 


LoHg,  of  Dratfcut  Cerne. 


ther  of  Robert  I^og,  tiie  Mppoitig* 
of  a  doccflt  from  tb«  mjOcfc  af  Tlisii 
Berkeley  and  Eliz*bcdi  ScyoMMr,  d 
coarse  falU  to  the  groaad.  taaaaHck 
as  Elizabeth  waa  ooljr  bqcB  to  ItSk, 
and  Robert  Long  (who  irooid  ht« 
been  her  grandson)  was  in  tke  Com- 
mission of  the  Peare  in  1426,  ibI 
Member  for  the  county  in  1433. 

In  1566  Sir  Robert  Long,  vbo  w» 
grandson  of  Sir  Thomas,  added  to « 
repaired  the  south  aiste  nt  the  ^Mtk 
of  Wranall,  as  appears  by  tiMt  dMi^ 
and  his  initials  placed  between  aftfc- 
terlock  and  a  buck's   head   o*cr  <^ 
outer  door.     Thia   aiste   is   iwpiiaint 
from  the  nave  by  a  vrooden  aervin, 
immediately  under  which  is  the  ••- 
□ument  before  mentiongd.     There  w 
a  stone  doorway  coiamanicatii^  with 
the  nave,  and  which  partially  uliflU 
the  moDument,  over  which  again  t^ 
pear  the  initials  R.  L.  and   the  twe 
badges.     It  w^ould  be  prepostenwi  (■ 
suppose  that  the  monument  was  esrtcl- 
ed  as  a  posthumous   hononr  by  Sir 
Robert  Long,  and  tbe  adoption  of  tke 
Popham  badge  (the  buck's  bead)  essd 
by  him.  and  previously  by  his  giaad- 
fatber  Sir  Thomas,  seems  to  point  oat 
the  date  of  this  mooomeot 
question,  to   be  either  ant 
Robert  Long  and  Alice    PopI 
commemorate  (but  which  there 
just  ground  for  supposing)  aome 
wife  of  Robert,  or  the  third  wife  flf 
Henry.     I  incline  to  tbe  belief  that  it 
was  erected  by  Robert  Long  towaidf 
the  middle  of  the  fiftcentii  century,  or 
sooner,  to  the  memor)'  of  hia  mother. 
presuming  her  to  liave  been  a  Berke> 
ley,  and  that  the  reason  why  the  coat 
of  Seymour  was  honoured  with  morv 
distinction  than  that  of  Berkeley,  al- 
though  subsidiary  to  it  in  the  line  of 
descent,  was  that  her  father.   Bcrkc* 
ley,  was  a  younger  brother,  and  thil 
his  wife's  inheritance  was  of  greater 
importance.    At  the  same  time  it  most 
be  admitted  that,  if  she  was  an  hrurm 
of  any  note,  it  is  ainnilar  that  no  r«> 
cord  is  lo  be  met  wiiL  ri-tating  to  htt 
possessions.     My  conjerlun?  thr 
would  make  it  the  niunumcat  of 
wife  of  the  Thomas  Long  of  Le 
who  was  preferred  "  to  the  good  mar* 
riage"  by  the  intenentioo  of  one  of 
The  first  I/ords  Hun^eiford,  and  thr 
father  lu  fact  of  Robert   Long,  wh* 
QtaiTvtd  \.V\c%  ^^q^Vmau.     Robert  LoM 


1^ 


Monument  of  Sir  T.  Long,  at  Draycot  Ceme. 


i9\ 


was  probably  born  about  1400,  and 
his  father  might  well  have  been  one  of 
Uie  waiting  gentlemen  of  Sir  Thomas 
Hungcrfurd,  the  Speaker,  whose  de- 
cease touk  place  in  1398. 

The  next  moDument,  of  which  you 
have  given  three  sketches,  is  on  the 
north  side  of  the  chancel  of  the  church 
at  Draycot,  and  was  erected  to  the 
memory  of  Sir  Thomas  Long,  of  VVrax- 
all  and  Draycot.  This  Sir  Thomas 
was  a  man  of  some  weight  in  the 
county  of  Wilts,  and  we  find  him  num- 
bered with  the  "  grete  compaignye  of 
noble  men  "  who  went  with  Kdward 
Duke  of  Hiickiiij^ham,  in  14y<j,  to 
meet  the  King  at  Taunton,  then  in 
pursuit  of  Ferkin  VVarbetk.  Amongst 
the  Wiltshire  gentry  on  that  expedi- 
liuQ  appear  Maurice  Berkeley,  pro- 
bably brother  of  William  Marquess  of 
Berkeley  5  William  Stourton  ;  John 
Semar,  brother-in-law  of  Sir  Thumns 
Long ;  Richard  Heauchamp  Lord  St. 
Amand ;  Roger  Tocotea,  second  hus- 
band of  Elizabeth  Lady  St.  Amand ; 
Edward  DareU,  brother-in-law  of  Sir 
Thomas  Long;  Amias  I'aulet;  Wil- 
liam Seyntmaur  ;  and  Walter  Hunger- 
ford,  son  of  Robert  Lord  Huogerford 
by  Eleanor  Molines.  Sir  Thomas  was 
knighted  at  the  marriage  of  Prince 
Arthur ;  and  his  arms,  as  entered  in 
Claud.  C.  III.  are  Long  and  Seymour 
quarterly. 

A  description  of  this  monument  is 
given  in  Aubrey's  Collections,  Part  L 
printed  by  J.  Davy,  Queen-street, 
Seven  Dials,  in  1821*,  but  as  it  is  in- 
correct in  several  particulars,  I  ehall 
describe  the  armorial  bearings,  &c. 
according  to  my  notes  made  on  the 
spot  some  years  ago. 

"  Sir  Thomas  Long,  Knight,"  says 
Aubrey,  "  lyes  buried  by  the  north 
wall  of  the  chancelt.  under  a  rich  go- 
thique  altar  monument  of  freestone 
without  inscription;  his  hcaume  and 
crest  do  yet  hang  up." 

Fig.  1.  represents  the  east  end.  It 
will  be  observed  that  the  quatrefoils 
on  every  side  of  the  monument  are 
charged  with  the  two  badges,  viz.  the 
buck's  head  and  fetterlock. 
I  The  only  coat  of  arms  on  this  side 

is  that  of  Seymour,  painted  on  a  stone 

Iahield  in  the  centre  pannel.  Gules, 
fcro  wings  inverted  Or.  It  may  be 
»-e  obrtcrved  that  this  coat  of  Sey- 
■  ir  u  represented  in  various  wavB. 


the  wings  being  sometimes  erect,  some- 
times inverted,  sometimes  conjoined, 
sometimes  not ;  as  fashion  and  fancy 
seem  to  have  dictated. 

Fig,  2.  represents  the  west  end.  In 
the  centre  of  the  cornice  is  a  horse's 
head  in  stone,  the  crest  of  Ceme,  and 
on  the  right  and  left  are  the  arras  of 
Stourton  and  Popham,  painted  on  the 
coroicc,  that  is,  nut  in  relief. 

The  centre  shield  of  atone  bears  St. 
John  and  Ue  la  Mare  quarterly;  and 
here  I  must  state  that  the  painter,  in 
his  ignorance,  has  inverted  the  St. 
John  coat  in  the  fourth  quarter,  but 
which  has  been  corrected  by  Mr. 
Sampson  in  his  sketch. 

Figure  3  is  the  south  side.  The 
ornaments  about  the  cornice  are  as 
follows  : 

1.  A  tntitilated  crosslet  in  stone  relief. 

2.  The  coat  of  Fophnm. 

8.   A  inutiUtei!  crosalct  in  stone. 

4.  Loni;.  impaling,  GuJcs,  on  a  chev 
ron  three  Torteoux,  quartering  Seymour. 
Evidently  meant  for  Berkeley  and  Sey. 
mour  quarterly. 

5.  A  crosslet  of  stone, 
ti.  Stourton. 

7.  A  crusslct  of  stone. 

8.  Seymour  as  before. 

*).  A  stone  shield,  bearing  a  chevron 
charged  with  three  anaolets.  Aubrey  call* 
them  Bezants. 

10.  Or,  on  a  chief  Gules,  a  Bezant  be- 
tween two  wings  Or.  Apparently,  I  think, 
a  mistake  for  the  coat  of  Popham,  the 
wings  being  pot  in  the  place  of  the  buck'a 
beads. 

11.  A  lion  rampant  in  stone. 

12.  Axure,  a^nd  engrailed  cotixcd  Or 
— Fortescne. 

13.  A  hon  rampant  in  stone. 

1 4.  Long  imp.  Quarterly 

The   2d   and    M   seeror-d    to  be  Pop. 

ham.  Aubrey  offers  no  opinion  of  what 
the  charges  appeared  to  be  in  hi;*  time. 

The  three  large  stone  shields  in  the 
pannels  bear — that  in  the  centre.  Long. 
impaling  Darcll. — that  in  the  right,; 
Gules,  a  chevron  charged  with  thre««j 
annulets,  between  nine  cross-crossletSa 
apparently  Or,  impaling.  Per  pale  Or 
and  Azure,  a  cross  moline  Counter- 
changed.  This  coat  seems  to  be  in- 
tended for  Berkeley,  impaling  the  coat 
of  Malwyne  or  Malwayn.  The  co- 
lours, it  is  true,  are  diflferent  (.Mal- 
wyne being  party  per  pale  Argent  anil 
Sable) ;  bat  the  instances  of  false  co- 
lours are  ao  numeroua,  th«t  we  may 


592 


Long,  of  Draycot  Cerne. 


ym 


fairly  refer  the  coat  to  that  family.  It 
ia  quartered  byErnley,  whose  ancestor 
tnarried  an  heir  of  a  family  of  Best, 
'wbohad  married  an  heir  of  Miilwyne. 
'riie  Malwynefi  or  Malwaynes  were  of 
EcliilhamptoD,  in  Wilts,  and  in  the 
44th  of  Edw.  HI.  John  Malwayne 
held  lands  at  West  Grafton,  in  Wilts. 
A  William  Malwyne  was  also  the  in- 
cumbent of  Draycot,  in  1458,  to  which 
living  he  was  presented  by  John 
Long.  The  shield  on  tliic  left  bears 
simply  Long. 

The  identity  of  this  monument, 
without  particularly  referring  to  Au- 
brey's authority,  is  sufficiently  esta- 
blished by  the  centre  shield  of  Long, 
and  its  impalement  of  the  coat  of 
Darell.  In  accounting  for  the  intro- 
duction of  some  of  the  other  coata,  we 
have  only  a  glimmering  to  guide  us. 
The  coat  of  Seymour  and  the  coat  of 
Berkeley  (in  spite  of  its  annulets) 
are  to  be  traced  to  the  monument  at 
Wraxall.  With  respect  to  the  shield 
hearing  St.  John  quartering  Dela- 
mare,  I  am  not  aware  of  any  con- 
nexion of  either  of  these  families  with 
the  Longs.  Private  friendship  and 
propinquity  of  residence  were  not  un- 
frequently  the  grounds  for  the  in- 
troduction of  coats  of  arms  in  houses, 
and  even  on  monuments.  There  was 
an  early  match  hetwei-n  the  Delamares 
and  Ncwburghs,  and  also  between 
thcra  and  the  Seymours ;  but  to  nei- 
ther of  these  would  I  refer  the  coat  in 
question.  I  have  strong  doubts  whe- 
ther any  St.  John  ever  intermarried 
with  an  heir  of  Delamare.  Lcland 
states  that  the  three  daughters  and 
heirs  of  Peter  Delamare,  who  was  the 
Lord  of  Bromham  and  Steeple  La- 
vingtoD,  married  St.  John,  St.Amand, 
and  De-la-Roche,  dividing  his  lands; 
but  he  al\erwards  corrects  lliis  state- 
ment on  the  authority  of  Mr.  Baynlon, 
whose  ancestor  (Dudley)  had  married 
the  heir  of  the  last  Lord  St.  Aiuand, 
and  the  name  of  St.  John  is  in  a 
note  replaced  by  that  of  Paulett.  St, 
John  married  the  heir  of  De-la-Bere, 
and  hence  I  imagine  the  mistake  to 
have  occurred.  I  will  not  here  enter 
at  large  into  the  history  of  the  Dcla- 
mares,  excepting  to  observe  that  the 
heirrs<^  of  Peter  Delamare  marritd  De- 
la-Roche,  whose  heir  married  Beau- 
champ,    whoso    son   having   married 


the  heiress  of  the  Lord  SL 
was  summoned,  jure  nxoris,  ia  tkl 
barouy.  His  aoa.  tbe  next  Bana 
St.  Amand.  of  the  Beauchamp  &ar, 
died  without  legitimate  isaoe.  via 
the  Bayntons  inherited,  as  bela^  At 
representatives  of  his  aunt*  Eliiabdk 
Lady  Dudley.  The  last  of  the  Dck. 
mares  of  Nanney,  was  Elias  Dri»- 
roare.  and  his  sister  and  heir  iatir' 
married  with  WUliam  Paulett,  ^ 
second  son  of  Sir  John  Paulett.  Sb 
died  in  1413.  and  was  buried  at  Noflk 
Petherton,  in  Somersetshire.  I  haai 
said  that  1  would  not  embarrass  a; 
narrative  by  a  long  digression  abo«: 
tlie  Dclamares,  although  ther«  is  mock 
interest  in  their  hitherto  unexplaiaci 
history ;  but  I  cannot  refrain  6«a 
noticing  the  fact,  so  characteriitic  itf 
the  race  of  churchwardens,  and  vloci 
1  myself  saw  (not  the  operation,  btf 
the  result)  in  the  last  year.  vis. — tkait 
in  order  to  effect  a  cousolidatioo  of 
monuments  in  a  corner  of  the  Dcwlk 
aiste  of  Nunney  church,  one  of  dm 
Delamares  and  his  wife  -were  reqnin^ 
to  BulTer  amputation  (a  little  below  ikr 
knee  if  I  rightly  remember)  and  tkn 
they  are  now  accordingly  to  be  ma 
jammed  in  upon  their  stutnpa  !  I 

la  the  time  of  Aubrey,  mucli  paiaici 
glsLSs  existed  in  the  wiodowt  of  kte 
old  house  of  the  Longs,  at  Wraiall. 
of  which  not  a  single  ve«tigv  is  DOW 
visible,  nor  is  there  the  slii(hte«t  doc 
by  which  to  trace  the  cause  of  its  da- 
struction  or  dispersion.  This  is  per* 
haps  the  more  remarkable,  as  Aubrey'* 
notes  appear  to  have  been  made  »sk- 
sequcntly  to  the  civil  wars,  when  thr 
marching  of  troope.  and  tbe  lawlcM- 
nei^s  of  the  times,  necessarily  prodooel 
much  damage  to  the  bouses  of  tbt 
gentry,  and  might  have  acconntrd  ttt 
the  loss,  had  it  taken  place  rrrTiiMf 
As  my  memoranda  arc  transcribid 
from  transcripts  of  Aubrey,  perfect 
accuracy  is  not  guaranteed.  The  on- 
ginal  MS.  is  at  Oxford,  as  is  wcU 
known. 


Windows  in  tbe  halt  at  WrualL     TUt 
window  sem^  of  stsf '*  homn  Or. 
CoaU  ■•  follow  ; 

1.  Or,  three  Tortraux,  «  Ub«l  of  tkn» 
points  Axare,  Mirh  |Kiiiit  charged  wfcb 
thrrr  Plat».  [I'liis  if  Courtraay  af 
Powderhniii.  Sir  Philip  Coiutcaaj  smt- 
ricd  ■  diiuchtcr  uf  the   Lord  Trcasi 


Long,  of  Draycot  Cernc. 


Hungcrford,  which  may  be  the  fround 
for  its  appearance.] 

•i.  Or,  an  eufle  ditplajred  Gales.  {ThiM 
is  probiibly  for  Walrand,  lui  ancieot  Wilt- 
shire family.] 

3.  Quarterly:  1  and  4.  Azure,  a  lion 
rampaDt  Argent,  crowned  Or,  Oarrell ; 
'2  and  3.  Argent,  two  bars  voided  Sable, 
iu  chief  two  demi-Iions  rampant  Gnlrs, 
Calstun.  [Darell  married  the  heiress 
of  Cdston,  of  Littlecote.] 

4.  Gules,  three  fish  hauriant  Argent. 
[A  coat  of  Lucy.  This  family  was  of 
Dorsetshire,  aud  intt-rrnarricd  about  the 
I.'ith  century  vrith  a.  Luag  of  i'umc  Can- 
del,  iu  that  county — a  cadet,  no  dnubtr 
of  the  Wraxall  line.  There  i»  a  fine  mo- 
Dument  in  the  church  at  Purse  Candel, 
bearing  the  coats  of  Long  and  Lucy.] 

Another  irindow  sem^  of  Marahal's 
fetterluchs  Or.  At  the  bottom,  the  Sa- 
lutation of  the  Virgia.     (Joataus  follows: 

1.  Sable,  a  bend  Or  between  six  Foun- 
tains. Stuurton.  [This  family  intermar- 
ried with  the  Hungerfords  and  Bcrke- 
leys,  and  the  mother  of  the  wife  of  Sir 
Thomas  Long  was  a  Stourton.] 

5.  On  a  chief  Gules,  two  stages  heads 
Or.   [Popham.  Aubrey  calls  it  Bradley.] 

3.  Or,  an  eagle  displayed  Gules,  dou- 
ble-headed, beaked  aud  legged  Amre, 
■ecked  Gules.  [Blewett  or  Bluet.  This 
was  a  family  early  seated  in  Wilts.  Sir 
Joha  Bluet,  of  Lackham,  was  living  in 
Edward  the  Third's  and  Richard  the  Se- 
cond's time.] 

4.  Long  impaling  Popham. 

.5.  Gules,  a  chevron  Ermine  between 
eight  crosxieta  Argent.  [Berkeley.  The 
chevron  Ermine  w«a  borne  by  Berkeley 
of  Stoke.] 

6.  Saane  as  the  last,  but  the  chevron 
apparently  A  rgeot. 

7.  Kt-  John  and  Delatnaxc  quarterly. 

8.  Axare,  a  bend  Argent,  codsed  Or. 
Forteaeue.  (John  Fortoacue  is  mentioned, 
UtgBtbor  wiUi  Philip  Courteaay,  in  Uun- 

rerford  deeds  uf  the  date  of  Edward  the 
Durth.  1 1  may  be  in  honour  of  the  learned 
Judge.] 

On  the  chimney-piece  Long  impaling 
Came,  Anno  Dom.  1 598.  [This  still  ex- 
ists,  and  with  it  the  Marahal*B  fetterlock. 
On  escutcheons  at  the  spring  of  the 
arches  which  form  the  roof  of  the  hall, 
are  shields,  five  of  which  bear — 1.  Long ; 
9.  Long  impaling  Berkeley ;  3.  fieymoor; 
4.  Long  impaling  Popham  :  5.  Cowdniy.] 
In  the  entry  that  \eAis  from  tiu:  ball 
to  the  parlour  a  window,  scm^e  of  stag's 
branches. 

1.  Gules,  a  aaltire  Arg«nt,  charged  with 
a  rose  Gules  and  Azure.  [In  honour,  no 
doubt,  of  Neville  Earl  of  Warwick  and 
^alisbory.] 

'NT.  Mao.  VoIm  ilL 


i2.  Cardinal  Beaufort's  coat. 

3.  Or,  on  a  chevron  Gules  a  mitre  Or, 
a  border  engrailed  Sable.  Stafford  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury.  [He  was  trans- 
lated to  Canterbury  iu  1443,  and  died  in 
I4a2.] 

4.  Gules,  three  lions  passant  Or,  a 
border  Aiure  semf'e  of  fleurs  de  lis  Or. 
Holland.  [Probably  in  honour  of  Henry 
Duke  of  Exeter,  who  fled  to  France  after 
the  field  of  Bornet.] 

Window  lem^e  of  Marshal's  locks — 
Quarterly:  1  and  4,  Cheeky  Ur  and  Azure, 
a  ch^rron  Ermine,  Newburgh ;  2  and  A, 
Gules,  a  chevron  between  six  crocalcts 
Argent,  Beaucbampu  [Perhaps  iu  bu> 
nour  of  Henry  Duke  of  Warwick,  who 
died  in  1445,  and  was  the  son  of  Earl 
Richard,  by  Elizabeth  Berkeley. 

In  the  dining-room,  a  very  noble  one, 
in  the  windows. 

1.  Quarterly  :  1  and  4,  Azure,  on  a 
bend  Or  three  mullets  Argant.  [Query, 
if  meant  for  Burell,  of  Langley  Burell,l 
or  Burrell  ]  3  and  3,  Argent,  three  demi* 
lions  Gules,  Esturray.  [No  one  of  the 
Eaturmy  family,  whose  heir  married  Sey- 
mour. ap|)cars  to  have  intermarried  wit^^ 
the  Uurdlj),  who  held  Langley  in 
time  of  Henry  the  Third  and  Edward  < 
First;  but  the  Esturmy  |jedigreea 
very  scanty. 

2.  Gules,  a  chevron  Argent  betweea  teo 
crosolets.     Berkeley. 

3.  Quarterly,  France  and  England. 

4.  Long. 

5.  Quarterly,  Montocute  and  Mont- 
herroer. 

().  Same  as  1.  viz.  Bnrell  and  Ea- 
turmy quarterly,  irapabng  Long  and 
Berkeley  quarterly.  The  chevron  in 
Berkeley  being,  in  this  instance,  chnrgoA 
with  three  Torteaux. 

7.  Long. 

8.  Quarterly,  I.  and  4.  Gules,  a  lion 
rampant  Or.  S.  Gules,  a  fret  Argent.  3, 
Sable,  fretty  Or ;  all  within  a  garter. 
[In  honour,  I  imagine,  of  William  Fits- 
alan,  IQth  Earl  of  Arundel,  whose  mother^ 
EUeanor  was  danghtcr  of  Sir  John  Ber- 
keley, of  Bevcrstone,  and  died  in  Ibe  3rd 
of  Henry  VII.  having  remarried  Walter 
Lord  Hungerford.] 

9.  Long,  impaling  Or,  three  bends 
Axure,  a  border  engrailed  .\rgeut,  per- 
haps meant  for  Newborough. 

10.  Gules,  a  chevron  Argent,  charged 
with  three  Torteaui  between  ten  cros 
Berkeley,  called  of  iJniton. 

In  another  chamber,  in  the  windenntl 
The  edges  of  this  window,   Luug,  with 
the  Marshal's  lock,  as  it  med  to  be  with 
the  Saxon  crowns. 

1 .  Gules,  10  billets  Or. 

[Cowdrcy.  A  moiety  of  the  manor  of 
4G 


I 


h 


694 


Barton  Sacey  or  Slaccy,  lu   Hani 
held  by  Sir  'ITiomiis  dc  Cowdrey,   in  Uie 
I4lh  of  Edward  III.  and  it  appears  to 
have  been   held    by  Fulke   de  Cowdrey 
alroat  the  41st  of  the  wime  monarch.     Sir 
Philip  de  Popham  and  KlitnWth  his  wife, 
held  it  in  the  '21st  of  Richard  II.  and  in 
Uie  lOfh  of  Henry  V.  it  netvaa  to  have 
devolved   to    Peter    Cowdrey,    who  had 
married  Miililda.   one  of  the  daughters 
and  coheirs  of  Philip  and  Ehzabcth  Pop- 
ham  ;  Mar(5ar«t,  another  sister,   married 
John  Cowdrey.     A  moiety  of  thi*  manor 
descended,  as  I  have  stated  elsewhere,  to 
Robert  and  John   I^ti^.     Edward  Cow- 
drey. who  was  sheriff  of  Hants  in  1403,  is 
stated  to  have  borne  the  field  Sable  in- 
stead of   Gules;  but  Sir  Thomas  Cow- 
drey. of  Berks,   bore  Gules,  and  he  was 
of  the  same  fninily,     Peter  Cowdrey,  of 
Herriard,   whose  coheir  married  Richard 
Paiilett,  bore  Gules,  three  billets  Or, 
'2,  Cowdrey  impaling  Bluet. 
A.  Quarterly,   Cowdrey  and    Popham. 
The  latter  charged  with  a  crescent. 
4.  Popham. 

.\ubrey  colls'tbe  crescent  a  distinction 
of  Popham  of  North  Bradley. 
In  another  chamber. 
1,  Berkeley  of  Brutou  ;  impaling.  Party 
per  pale,  Argent  and  Sable,  a  cross  flory 
Counterchanj^ed,  probably  Malwnyne,  as 
on  the  moniuuent  of  Sir  Thomw  Long 
at  Draycot. 

'2.  Quarterly  I  and  4.  Gules,  a  fess  Ar- 
fent  between  nii  martlets  Or,  Beau- 
champ.  «.  GuIcM.  two  lions  passant  Ar- 
gent. (I  am  not  sure  whether  Aubrey 
does  not  make  them  rampant  Or,  but  it 
is  a  decided  error.)  Delmiiare.  3.  Azure, 
three  fish  naaint  Argent.  Roche.  All 
within  a  border  sem^e  of  leaves  Vert. 
[This  is,  no  doubt,  for  Richard  Beau- 
champ,  Bishop  of  .'^arum  from  1450  to 
14B'.',  the  brother  of  William  Baron  St- 
Amaud.  The  Bishop,  however,  seems  to 
have  borne  a  border  semee  of  skull-caps. 
His  nephew  Richard  Lord  St.  Amand, 
who  died  in  1508,  speaks  in  his  will  of 
his  friend  .Sir  Thomas  Long,  and  be- 
cjueaths  the  manor  of  Charlton  to  his  son 


7/ Draycot  Cerue.       ~^^^^^HTJaiw, 
Hants,  waa     Henry  Long,  and  also  1e«res  meney  toks* 


Long, 


younger  son  John  Ijottg. 

Besides  this  glass  at  WraxalL  »r«l 
which  is  tiow  entirely  gone,  Aohftr 
mentions  a  house  at  Chip;  ■  •  '  -<• 
hind  the  church.   "  of  a  >i- 

ing,"  with  three  esculcheotis  ju  luutiinl 


1.  Quarterly,  Reaucbamp.  DekoMt, 
Roche,  and  Beauchaixtp. 

2.  Long  impaling  Axure,  two  baid*(k, 
a  border  engrailed  Gules.  Newbowa^ 
[This  is  the  coat  of  Henry  Loii|;  tad  ni 
second  wife  Margaret,  the  dca^tcr  tl 
John  Newborough  or  Ncwbargh,  of  Ldl- 
worth.] 

3.  Barry  of  six  Ararat  and  Gmie*. 

I  am  not  aware  whether  this  ^u* 
exists  or  not.  There  was  also.  B 
Aubrey 'a  days,  as  appears  from  But 
)st  of' his  Collections,  some  glsM  tf 
Draycot.  of  which  oothiog  now  tt- 
mains,  the  old  house  having  long  sioct 
given  place  to  oncof  ntodern,  ond  nttar 
mean  elevation. 

It  will  be  observed    that  there  i*  • 

political  character  in  most  of  the  abofc 

coats  of  arms,   not   immediately  coa- 

nected  with  the  family,    which  aham 

the  Longs  to  have  been   stout   Lu* 

caatrjans,  and  in   this    they  follows^ 

their  reputed  patrons  the  Hungeifuiib, 

It  will   be  seen,  on    referring  to  tW 

pedigree,  thai  Henry  Long  is  repvtirf 

to  have  lirst  married  an  Eruley.     T^is 

fact  is  derived  from  the    Inq.  p.  ».  of 

the  6th  lien.  VIL  and  of  which  (Wt 

having  actually  seen   it)    I    am  rathtf 

sceptical.     First,  because   it  is  wXMtei 

to  affirm  that  Henry  Long  was  seis«4 

of  Wraxall  and  Bradley  in  right  of  hi* 

said  wife,  which  we  know  not  to  b( 

true ;  and  secondly,  that  the  Eralrys 

do  not  appear  to  have  emigrated  (nm 

Sussex    until  the   marriage    of   Job* 

Ernlcy  with  Joan  Best,  at  a  far 

period.         Your's,  Ace. 


J 


BAINES'S  HISTORY  OP  LANCASHIRE 

Ma.  Uhban,  Bolton. 

I  AM  induced  to  ofl'er  a  few  re- 
marks 00  three  partM  uf  Baines's  His- 
tory of  Lancashire,  in  consequence  of 


the  number  of  inaccuracies  with  which 
they  abound.  Not  being  a  subscriber, 
I  do  not  sec  the  work  regularly ;  but 
if  ibcbe  three  parts  may  be  taken  as 


specimens  of  the  whole,  it  is  de 
unworthy  of  the  patronage  it 
ccived  from  the  public,  and 
importance  of  the  county  it 
to  describe.  I  should  conjecture  tlut 
a  great  part  is  written  by  some  pcrwM 
sent  round  the  counlry  to  collect  la- 
formation,  whose  crude  and  indegafit 


A 


Baiwa*  Lancashire. — Parish  of  Bolton. 


h\iU 


sentences  seem  to  be  printed  at  uticv. 
without  the  Editor,  who  is  responsible 
to  the  publir,  ever  taking  the  trouble 
to  revise  them.  1  will  nut  occupy  the 
pageB  of  your  valuable  Miscellany,  nor 
the  time  of  your  readers,  by  further 
comment,  but  proceed  to  point  out 
some  of  those  tniperfections  which,  if 
oot  corrected  and  avoided  in  futare 
parts,  will  ever  preveat  this  History 
from  ranking  with  NicboU's  Leicester- 
shire, Baker's  Northamptonshire,  or 
other  sterling  topographical  works. 

In  Part  XXXV.  page  35.  George  Marsh 
is  tmiii  ro  be  "  to  be  apprehended  by  Ed- 
ward, Earl  of  Derby,  on  WwlncsdRy,  tbe 
N'Cb  (if  March,  |.>A.5,  ajid  brouKht  before 
him  fur  eiamibstion.  If  the  martyr's 
first  examinstiou"  were  really  "  before 
Sir  Roji^er  Barton  in  Smethdla  hBll,'*  «■ 
is  asserted  in  paij^e  45,  why  ii  it  not  al- 
luded to  in  this  Memoir? 

Ptt^e  41,  hne4.  The  Editor  has  already 
described  two  other  townshipn  as  Over 
"  Hnlton"  and  Middle  "  Hulton;"  why, 
then,  does  he  call  tb(5  township  Little 
"  Hilton,  or  Ilulton,"  ^''''iog  Hilton 
the  precedence.  Hilton  i»  a  provinciallKm, 
which  prevaik  only  amongst  the  lowest 
«liias  of  people,  and  by  them  is  used  also 
in  speaking  of  the  two  former  townships. 

II.  Earl  Ketiyon.    There   never 

were  any  Earb  Kenyon.  The  present 
|>e«^r  is  only  the  second  Raron,  as  is  cor- 
rectly utated  in  the  IHth  Une.  In  hne  "ii, 
there  is  considerable  obscurity  about  the 
sentence  beiionning  "  This  Ueorge,**  /Zo- 
ger  Kenyon  being  the  person  spoken  of 
in  the  preceding  scnt«nce> 

Page  43,  bne  I .  For  .1/.  Flelclicr,  read 
K.  Fletcher. 

l."».  "  Famworth  Church,  on  Hal- 

sho// Moor  [HaliAaw  MoorJ"  is  "no/" 
in  this  township,  hut  in  the  adjoining  one 
of  Famworth,  nnder  which  district  parish 
it  ought  to  havi;  been  di-»cribcd. 

Page  4:{,  litic  14,  fur  pariah  of  Bolton, 
read  parish  of  Dean. 

Page  44,  line  '^J,  for  Croupback,  read 
Troutbeok. 

Page  45.  The  account  of  Smithills  (or 
as  it  is  called  throughout  the  work, 
Soicthells)  hall,  in  this  and  the  following 
page,  is  a  tissue  of  truth  and  Action  »n 
curiously  thrown  together,  tliut  it  would 
be  as  utterly  impuitsible  for  a  Btraiiger 
to  imagine  what  »ort  of  n  place  in  meant 
to  be  descriljcd,  a^  it  wniitil  to  correct  this 
•oooant  without  entirely  rewriting  it. 
Fion  the  words  "  court-yard  in  the 
caqtre,"  in  line  2!),  the  reader  would  con- 

*«•  that  the  bouse  itaeK  eooaplctdy  in- 
rard  ;  wherMa  the  building 


forms  three  side*  of  a  ({uadranglr,  the 
south  aide  iM-iug  u|ieu  to  the  terrace  or 
lawn.  Mliat  the  Editor  means  by 
"wings,"  are  the  eiwt  and  wc«t  sides  of 
this  quadrangle.  "  The  dotnestic  chapel," 
whirli  occupies  only  a  part  {no!  the 
whole,  as  we  are  given  to  understand)  of 
the  cast  side,  stems  to  till  a  grcst  spactf« 
in  his  imagination,  bi-iug  again  locn-^ 
tioned  in  page  G6,  line  Jii,  as  a  distinct 
building  "  adjoining  to  Uie  bail.  "  The 
shaded  walk  envcloiwd  in  ivy."  "  at  iho* 
westemextremity  of  the  bitiliiing,"  hasnoi 
existence.  The  "  several  paintings  on  glass, 
by  foreign  masters,"  which  are  spoken  of 
in  page  40,  lines  'i  and  S,  as  having  been 
"  recently  introduced  Into  the  sooth  win- 
dow," are  in  reality  the  same  "  stained 
gltutt,  representing  coats  of  arm*,  war- 
riors armed  cap-a- pee  [pie],  trophies,  &c." 
with  which,  we  are  so  sagely  told,  in 
page  54,  line  34,  the  library  "  is  jflastd." 

We  arc  told,  in  line  13,  of  "  the  unli- 
mited use  of  the  cellan  of  (^methelb  for  a 
week  in  every  year,''  claimed  by  the  lord 
of  Die  superior  manor  of  Sharpies;  but 
the  Editor  has  omitted  a  Tery  im[>ortant 
fact,  \\i.,  that  this  inconvenient  costomi 
no  longrr  exists,  the  late  Mr.  Ainawortkj 
having  purchai«d  the  right. 

Page  47,  line  [).  The  word  "  cham- 
perty," an  old  law  term,  is  used  (or 
rather  abused)  to  describe  the  appearance 
of  the  country. 

Were  there  so  many  peera  bearing  th« 
title  of  Willoughby  de  Parham,  that  the 
Editor  deemed  it  necessary,  in  line  '2.i,  lo 
designate  tlie  one  who  was  interred  in 
Horwich  chnpeJ,  as  *'  of  Rivington," 
to  distinguish  him  from  his  conlem- 
poraries.  It  was  certainly  necessary  to 
give  the  bewildered  reader  some  clue 
to  the  i>rrson  intended,  as  the  last  Lord 
Willoughby  de  Parham,  who  died  in 
1779, when  the  title  became  extinct,  never j| 
lived  at  Rivington,  or  had  any  property 
there.  Hugh  Lord  Willoughby  de  Par- 
ham resided  at  Sbaw-place,  in  Heath. 
Chamork.  died  in  1763,  and  was  t>uried 
at  Horwich  :  it  is  therefore  to  be  pre- 
sumed that  he  is  meant  by  the  Editor ; 
bat  a  hatchment  only,  not  a  "  menu- 
ment,"  was  put  up  in  the  chapel  after  hts 
decease. 

Page  50,  line  .37.  Slrttt-gnlt  is  tk« 
name  given  by  the  country  iieople  to  that 
part  of  Little  Hulton  which  a(iji<iiiii  the 
liirnpikc-road  to  .Manchester;  aud  should 
not  have  been  noticed  at  all  by  the  author, 
except  in  Ids  accouot  of  the  towiitiiip, 
where  he  ought  to  have  remarked,  that 
the  exiatcnoc  of  the  Roman  road  from 
Manchester  to  Blackrod,  was  thr  origin  of 
this  appellation. 

Page  ht.  In  giving   the  derivation  of 


Baines's  Lancaahirc. — Parish  of  Bolton 


^ 


I 


the  name  of  Bolton,  the  Editor  dora  not 
trace  it  from  the  original  word  Botl, 
mongio,  forming  Borlrune,  but  sets  out 
with  Bobune,  omitting  the  gradations 
of  Bobelton  and  Bothellon. 

Page  53,  line  IS-  The  names  Weffe- 
leg  anil  Fonedisch  occur  here,  as  they  also 
do  in  llx*  note  below.  1  should  presume 
that  the  transcriber  of  the  document  here 
alluded  to,  most  have  mistaken  the  letters 
8.  t.  for  f.  f. ;  as  the  plaees  intended  to  be 
named  are  Wej»/leigh  and  .9/andish  : 
Longeree  is  most  [irubabty  in  the  origi> 
Dtl  Longe/re. 

Page  54,  line  19-  It  seems  most 
likely,  that  the  "  Manor  of  BoltoD." 
mentioned  here  as  part  of  the  possessions 
of  Thomas  Earl  of  Lancaster,  was  Bol> 
ton-lfi-Saads,  and  not  Bolton-le-Moors  ; 
as  ia  Eic.  1  Edw.  ill.  n  8i,  it  is  placed 
between  Skerton  and  Wyrcidale,  along 
with  two  other  places  io  the  north  of  the 
county,  and  in  the  Hundred  or  Wapen- 
take of  Lonsdale:  while  in  Esc.  AUth. 
Edw.  111.  n.  129,  the  name  Bolton, 
tnenning  Bolton  le-Moors,  occursbetween 
Hagh  Parra  and  Brightmct,  places  in  its 
own  ncighlK»urhood. 

Pago  bU,  Lines  IG  and  35,  for  Akers 
read  Acres. 

Page  63,  line  33.  I  am  at  a  loss  to 
know  what  is  meant  by  the  church  being 
"  in  two  divisions."  The  south  porch 
was  probably  rebuilt  by  William  Lijfht- 
burne,  vt  durinis;  liis  wardrniihip. 

line  35.  Tlie  interior  of  the  church 

consistB,  besides  *'  a  nave  and  two  side 
aisles,"  of  a  chancel  and  two  chapels 
The  nave  is  lighted  by  clerestory  win- 
dows, and  is  sepaivted  from  tht:  north  and 
■outh  oiles  by  clustered  columns  (not 
"  massiTc  piUars  plainly  fluted")  coa> 
nating  uf  four  ei|ua|.^i7rd  i^hafts,  con. 
liectaa  throoichout  their  whole  length  by 
•  boUow  moulding,  (he  cajntals  of  which 
are  unfortiuiatety  bidden  by  the  projection 
of  the  galleries.  Tlie  various  figures  or> 
namenting  the  intersection  of  the  bearoe 
■nstaining  the  roof  of  the  nave,  are  not  so 
"  rude"  as  might  be  supposed,  and  con- 
sist of  the  letters  I.H.S.,  the  Eagle  and 
Child,  the  crest  of  the  Stanley  family,  and 
the  arms  of  Man  (of  which  island  the 
tame  family  were  petty  aorereigns},  circles, 
foliage,  flcc- 

Page  t>4,  line  1.  "  Formerly  there  were 
•tells  i&  tbe  ekwab ;  the  eagk  and  child, 
mbMhu  of  tfie  Buakyti  ar«  eaned  be. 
BflMli  ■  aMrreable  mt."  Here  ii  ■  ■?»> 
cimeu  of  topographical  editonldp  I  The 
fact  ia,  the  original  stalls,  tudva  ilk  num. 
ber,  still  exist  in  the  chancel  -,  and  all,  as 
is  usual,  have  folding  seat*  :  under  one  of 
Wluok  is  tlMs  crest  (noi  /Ae  tmbl»m»J  ot 
th*  SUadej  ttmXj  ;  aud  under  anottei  \a 


an  acorn,  for  tlic  Bartons  of 
The  canopies  which  sxxruumMtA  tlm 
stalls  aud  the  screen  whicli  wj»nitri  tkt 
cliancel  from  the  nave,  togrther  wit^  tta 
tracery  environing  the  Chethus  imt 
Bridman  chapels  lof  the  former  i  iii>i»w 
of  which  the  Editor  say*  'i*^*  "'-'  «w^ 
were  all  destroyed  dnring  ^««<} 

of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Bah^  •■a  fit 

pulpit  and  reading-desk  we*e  rcaovri 
from  their  ancient  site  to  the  ptaoa  fcy 
now  occupy.  On  the  fimnt  of  on*  dttit 
desks  before  the  stalls  «re  carved  tm 
angels,  Bupporting  betwetita  theok  •  ifMK 
shield,  with  the  Douche  for  tike  Uact  ts 
pass  through,  which  fixea  the  psivM  «f 
their  erection  anterior  to  tb«  inlMral 
the  reign  of  Henry  VI L,  whati  abidii  «f 
this  make  were  disused.  If 
ever  had  any  charge,  it  hais  1 

Page  64. 'line  a,  for  Sir 
read  Sir  Tkomav  Barton. 

After  speaking  uf  the  deaths  of  Sir  ■•- 
bcrt  [Thomas]  Barton,  and  Sir  RowImI 
and  Lady  Bellasys ,  and  Miyfag.  in  liw  9. 
that  "  the  following  epitapha  rraoad  that 
interment,"  the  editor  giTn  u*  a  ««py 
of  the  inscriptions,  together  wjtk  Ml 
"  upon  a  tablet  in  the  wall  of  a  cbi^  >i 
the  nortli  of  the  altar,  to  the  omar^  af 
Humphrey  Cbetham,  esi].  fonadet  of  tW 
h«8|)itnl,"  &c.  A^liat  in  the  ii«a»  si 
roiumnn  sea'^e  hm  this  tablet  to  do  «M 
Sir  Thomas  Barton,  and  Sir  Rowland  v^ 
Lady  Bcllaays  ?  Eren  if  it  were  a  maao- 
ment,  which  the  editor  would  lead  at  Is 
understand,  it  ought  to  have  beea  dn 
scribed  in  the  proper  place,  viz-  wbsw 
the  Chetham  chajiel  is  noticed  ia  p.  i&- 
but  it  is  not  a  monument,  nor  a  tablet  M 
the  wall,  but  merely  a  few  boards  paiMsd 
and  framed,  and  *et  up  acroaa  tl>«  wa^ 
of  the  north-eoist  comer  of  the  CbelkM 
chapel,  for  the  purpose  of  fecwdlBt.  ia 
each  year,  the  sevenl  Govcmon  ev  At 
Chetham  hospital  in  MudiMl^vki 
should  be  chosen  for  Button  and  I^Btoa, 
a  list  of  whose  names  arc  i>aiaUd  Das 
it,  in  two  columns,  from  the  jmt  InSI 
down  to  the  year  ITifH  for  Tiutos,  cad 
1737  for  Bolton. 

We  arc  then  gravely  told,  in  Itoa  91, 
that  "  Upon  a  Urge  bookcase  in  Ibe  •■a* 
chapel,  which  contain*  some  hooka,  par* 
chased  out  of  the  beqacet  of  tU*  Maa> 
factor,  in  inscribed.  The  gift  of  Hunipluvy 
Chetham,  e»q.  Ili.io."  Yon  will  be  aar* 
priaed,  Mr.  Urban,  when  1  1*11  ^oa  that 
there  is  no  such  bookeaM,  ffMhv  te  tfB 
Chetham  chapel,  in  the  iraatrr,  «rl»«if 
part  of  the  church.  Prrriooa  to  th*  MM- 
tion  of  the  north  galhn7,  ia  llw  yvar 
1796,  tlierc  was  a  bookeaae  is  thia  ok^V*!* 
but  it  waa  then  removed,  sad  «lMt  mb 
of  it  U  dottbtfuL 


J 


I83S0 


Baiaen'M  Lancashire. — Parvth  of  Bolton. 


597 


¥ 


After  •lluding  to  the  moDumrnt  erect, 
ed  two  yeiire  «ioor  to  the  memory  of  tb« 
l«te  Li^ut.-Colunol  Flelrher,  the  editor 
in  ulcut  &«  to  the  cxist«oce,  in  the  church, 
of  auy  other  t&btets  or  inscriptiuae.  From 
this  sitctit-e  the  reader  would  infer  that 
there  were  noae,  white  in  fact  there  are 
nn  fewer  than  nine  ;  any  of  which  are  as 
deserving  of  notice  aa  the  beadiDg  of  the 
li»t  nf  Governora  of  the  Chotham  hoa- 
|iital. 

line  29,  **  aneient  original  pa- 
rishes." No  doubt  the  readers  of  fiaines's 
Uiatory  of  Lancaahire  woold  have  been 
■atistird  with  one  only  of  thete  epitheta. 

Page  tJ.j.  line  9,  for  "  Sir  Henry  Bridf- 
MMiH,"  rend  the  Barl  qf  Bradford.  Sir 
Henry  Dridgman  was  created  Baron  Brad- 
ford  in  1794,  and  died  in  IBOO. 

line  ID,  north  mrimdow.    There  ia 

•o  north  window,  thia  chapel  beinf  open 
on  the  north  to  the  chancel. 

line  11.     After  "  Bishop  of  this 

Dioceae,"  it  would  be  better  to  add,  from 
IGld  to  1657,  during  which  period  thi^ 
chapel  tjocnme  the  property  of  the  family. 

It  may  not  be  impertinent  here  to  no- 
tice, that  daring  the  iniijuitoua  sale  of 
Biahopa'  landa  by  the  Fariiament,  be- 
tween  the  years  1G47  and  1651,  "the 
Archdeacon's  house  in  Chester"  was,  by 
a  conveyance  dated  *7th  September,  1650, 
disposed  of  to  "  Adam  Bancks"  for 
3l£  I8*.  4d. ;  and  "  the  Bishop  of  Chea- 
ter's pallace"  was,  by  a  similar  deed 
dated  13th  December  in  the  aame  year, 
conTeyed  to  '*  Rob.  Mallory,  and  Will. 
Richardaoa,"  for  109H/.  CoUectauea 
Top.  et  Geo.  ToL  i.  «90.1. 

Ha^e  6ti,  line  2T.  There  is  nothing 
particularly  "  interesting"  about  the  vi. 
curnge  :  it  was  new  fronted  within  the 
last  twenty  years. 

Una  SR.     •*  The  Lecturer"  b  tt«t 

'*  one  of  the  Curates,"  beinit  entirely  in- 
dqwwieot  of  the  Vicar,  and  not  taking 
•aj  parochial  dutr. 

line  t'i.  for  "  Great  BoltoB  baa 

OM  episcopal,"  read,  Grrat  BohoA  hn 


ttne  36,  for  "  Sweet  Green,*'  read 
Bradford  Square.  The  term  "  elegant" 
is  incorrectly  applied  to  Trinity  chapel, 
■»  it  ia  a  moat  iacoiifnious  and  dirpro- 
pertloaate  «dUtee ;  the  tower  k  extremely 
aarrow  in  eomparieoii  to  the  width  of  the 
body,  mkI  so  low,  that  the  "  richly  orna- 
mented pinnaclea"  whidi  eormount  it, 
are  carried  to  a  |iie|)a«>MOIM  hei^t,  in 
ord«r  to  obriale  ia  «mm  BMaMiw  this 
glnrtai  defect. 

9ti(g»  67,  line  S,  in  the  note  for  '*  in 
the  H^^-f  „—..-;«.»••  read,  in  the  boose 
/or, 

I'':  I  "township  of  Black- 

wood," read,  to«iuhip  of  Blackrod. 


Page  68,  tine  ^.  "A  marble  monu- 
ment." The  editor  may  call  this  «tnt>  of 
thirty  inches  square  o  marble  monmwtnt, 
and  the  fine  bas-relief  of  7  ft  9  ia.  high, 
by  3  ft,  10  in  broad,  to  the  memory  of 
Licutcnant-Col.  FWtcher  (mentioned  in 
p.  64),  a  mural  tabltt  ;  but  iill  your 
readers  would,  od  inspection  of  tltc  two, 
dissent  from  this  dictum,  anil  si^ree  tliat 
the  terms  monument  aod  tabUt  ehouid  be 
re\er«jd. 

Page  73,  line  2!),  "  A  branch  of  this 
canal  paascs  to  Bury  over  an  aqueduct  at 
Raikes."  lliis  is  incorrect.  The  canal 
from  Bolton  to  Maaohoatar  and  Bury, 
certainly  paaaaa  over  an  Mniadaot  near 
the  Raikes ;  bat  the  &raneA  tu  Bury  leaTaa 
the  Bolton  and  Manchester  line  at  tlie 
extremity  of  the  townabip  of  Little  Lerer, 
two  mileii  from  thia  a>|ueduDt. 

Page  71,  liiMf  '•  for  "  Great  Moss- 
•treet,"  read.  Great  Moor-atrcct. 

line  II,  "  from  Bolton  to  Maa- 

Chester,  by  way  of  Bury."  The  line  of 
the  Bolton  and  Manchester  railway  does 
not  run  within  three  mile*  of  Bury. 

Page  75.  line  30,  under  the  head  of 
"  Maaaers,"  the  editor  here  remarks, 
that  there  is  amongst  the  people  in  this 
plaee  "  a  mode  of  settling  their  quarrels 
by  single  combat,  that  cannot  be  too 
strongly  condemned;"  aa  if  this  brutal 
custom  were  peculiar  to  this  town  or 
parish  ;  whereas  he  knows,  or  ought  to 
know,  that  it  prevails  more  or  Ici^s  over 
a  very  widely  extended  district,  and  in- 
deed (in  p.  7€,  line  19)  he  even  calls  it 
*'  the  l^ncashire  way  of  fighting."  I 
therefore  think,  that  the  prerslcnce  of 
this  barbarous  custom  ought  not  to  have 
been  noticed  in  the  de>»eriplion  of  the 
town  of  Bolton  only,  but  in  the  general 
history  of  the  county. 

Page  76,  line  2,  "  At  races,  faira,  and 
on  other  public  occasions,  contetta  of 
this  nature  are  witnessed  by  orowds  of 
persons,  who  take  part  on  each  side,  with 
as  mach  inlereat  an  is  excited  by  the  re- 
gnlar  boxing  amtehes  of  the  eouth."  This 
MBtaaee  h  a  downright  libel.  Some 
tbirty  ar  forty  yaara  ago  this  may  have 
been  the  case,  hot  to  speak  {i(  suah  soenea 
as  occurring  in  l>^34.  tti  renlly  too  bad! 
A  stranger  would  infer,  either  that  no 
system  of  police  existed  in  Bolton,  or 
that  it  was  completely  inefficient. 

line  7,  clogs  "  covered  with  iron 

phites,  and  stadded  with  Urge  nsils,  are 
commonly  worn."  Clogs  of  this  kind 
are  not  evmmonlj/  worn  in  Bolton,  what- 
ever may  be  the  case  in  other  parts  of  the 
county.  Boys  of  fttim  twelve  to  seven- 
teen years  eld  tomttimtt  wear  them ;  but, 
above  that  age,  iostanoes  of  their  use  are 
rare,  exoepi  anoagat  cdlien,  who  And 
large  nails  of  freat  lenrifit  to  prevent  their 


i 


LoMcaskire. — Pariak  a/Boit<kM 


infging  ooal- 
waggttM  IB  tbe  mines. 

Nge  77t1ine  19.  There  is  M>  regalar 
'*  C<<ncTrt-room/'  The  Little  fiolton 
Town  Hal]  u  geoenllj,  tho«^  not  cx> 
cIu^iTclj,  nsnl  for  that  parpoM. 

Pa;ee  T9.  line  5-  Tbe  lovo  of  Bolton 
has  oot,  nor  erer  had,  aaj  armorial  bear- 
ings.  Those  namnl  here  were  a^wunrd 
wicbottt  asj  aathoritj. 

P«ge  96,  Une  2,  for  '*  the  Croid,  the 

rTooge,  wul  tbe  Brsdshav,  with  the  Ir- 
*«n,"  rad  the  Croat  irf/A  tAe  IrwtU. 
trami  the  >rateaoe4  as  it  at  prp:$ent  ttands, 
tibe  mind  of  a  ftran^r  would  \»  ini> 
pretd  with  the  idea  that  Little  Lerer 
via  fltnated  at  the  conflnence  of  four 
river*,  which  is  not  the  case;  as  tbe  Tonge 
and  the  Bradihaw,  after  being  united 
about  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  join  the  Croal 
upwards  of  two  miles  before  the  Utter 
itreaiolet  meets  tbe  Irwell.  All  three 
are  insignificant  riTulets  or  brooks,  whose 
names  are  changed  in  almost  every  town- 
ship through  which  they  flow,  bat,  as  the 
town  of  Bolton  stands  upon  the  Croal,  I 
think,  although  its  coarse  be  the  shortest, 
its  name  ought  to  be  retained,  in  prefe- 
rence, for  the  joint  stream. 

line  l.i.    "  Tl»e  aqueduct  OTer  tbe 

Tonge  and  the  Bradsbaw."  This  aque- 
duct is  thrown  over  the  rirer  Tonge  aiont, 
about  two  bandred  yards  below  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Brad»haw. 

line  29,  for   "  two  KliC-vaeos 

an  urn  of  red  earth,"  read  two  Kl^r- 
vaens  in  irAirA  trere  an  urn  of  red  earth- 

line  30,    for    "  with    a    bronze 

spearhead  and  armoor,"  read,  and  a  bronze 
spearhead*  The  words  "and  armour" 
should  be  struck  out,  as  there  was  not  any 
armour  found. 

Pasfc  87,  line  7,  for  "mullion"  read 
mullioncd. 

: line  16.     On   reference  to   Esc. 

4Ttb  Edward  III.  n.  19  (not  n,  22  as  er- 
iWMMMuly  suted  in  tbe  note),  I  do  not 
tUak  that  the  Editor  is  borne  oot  in  his 
flll|ipofition  that  Breightmet  was  compre- 
jMOdcd  "  within  tbe  manor  of  Manches- 
ter;" and  in  proof  of  my  opinion,  I  refer 
to  tbe  Calendanum  Inqois.  po$t  mortem. 

Page  HH,  lines  3  and  4,  for  "  beU  of 
the  Earl  of  Fcrrem  and  the  King,"  read, 
beld  of  Earl  Ferrers  and  by  him  of  the 
King. 

line  SO,   for  "  Crompton  Ford," 

rend  Crompton  Fold. 

fage?9.  line  9.  '■  Bolton  o'tbeMorea" 

the  ancient  ortbogrsphy  of  tbe 

ire  appellation,  bat  certainly  does 

licate  the  etymology  of  the  word 

Bolton. 

line  14.  It  is  triml  to  notice 


^. 


■S^    -•»•    aas    It* 

'Stenla.'*  ■ 

Mr.   iJMiawifc    ^ 


that  "  «aiM  of  KKTmbrfh  hmn  boa  ^ 
■p  la  tlw  twahifs"  ^  thtjm>Ameia^ 
cf  her  But  w  oooi^Mal J  wamBJi  in  ^ 
aa«t  crery  pnmk  ia  EogliBd.  Ual  a 
imaoue  boaribeeB  JStaeoimtni,  it  wttU 
hare  beca  wattiiY  of  icoMck. 

line  28.  **  Sharpies  a  aoC  ■ll»> 

nor."  &c. — If  Sharpies  be  aoc  a  Maar. 
why  is  it  called  ia  pa^  40.  lae  ||, 
"  tbe  capcrior  MaaorofT 

line  29.  for  '*  caa 

conld   claim-    The   hte 
purchased  diis  auaorial  rigWc 

Page  90.  line  3.    Sho«Jii 
and  foasila  were  fooad,**    be  read,  /mmi 
frrw$  mr^reftnmd. 

P^  99.  It  is  here  aCMnl  «|iat  *•  ifar 
father  of  WiQiaa  de  tUdmdkn  M* 
tweWe  bovatea  of  land  **  ia  Edge  urns  tb 
and  Heton,  two  of  whidk  be  ffKm  ta  ^v- 
riage  with  his  daughter  to  Robert  ^ 
Hennetwijel."  but  this  is  aoC  coafcari 
by  the  Testa  d«  NeTill\  wbeiv,  ia  M. 
4Uo,  it  will  be  found  thai  Willsaai 
beld  twelve  borates, 
father  bad  given  two  away. 

Page  97.  Une  £3,  for  "  by  tbe  As  «l 
the  third  part  of  one  kaigbt,"  real,  hj 
the  third  part  of  a  knight's  fiee.  SeeT^te 
de  Neviir.  fol.  404. 

Page  106,  line  19  to  S3.  The  whads  of 
this  sentence  betrays  the  greatest  %■•• 
ranee.  Nhaw.phk.«  is  aoC  ia  tba  Toaa« 
ship  of  Pilldngton,  bat  ia  that  «f  Bm^ 
Chamock.  Henry  Lord  WiUowbbvde 
Parham  never  resided  here,  oor  nad  aa? 
connection  with  the  place,  sad  he  ia 
mentioned  before  Hugh  Lord  WiJlovghby, 
althongh  Hugh  was  bis  prritcraimw  ta 
the  title.  Uogh  Lord  WtUooghhy  de 
Parham  <f led  here  in  17(xS.  George  lb* 
last  Lord  Willoughby  de  Parbam  is  cilkd 
"  B  descendant  of  'the  Willoagbbys  de 
Eresby,"  as  if  he  alone  luu)  spraag  (hm 
that  family. 

line  36,  "  but  now  the  |  ■rThe  ia 

thi«  part  uf  the  parish  are  requited  to 
trsvel  a  distance  of  eight  miles  to  fhiir 
pariiih  church  "     This  is  not  trutv  <<  ri.» 
imu-riagr  ceremony  is  still  rr^ 
formed   in   the  episcopal  choj 
vington. 

Page  107,  line  6,  "  at  a  plare 
Winter  Hill."     This  sealeitce  is  abo 
correct :  before  the  dist«ntiag  ohwel  \ 
built,  the  nonconformists  aMTCnbwd 
divine  worship  in  a  held  urar  Rivi 
Hall,  full  two  miles  from  Winter  Hit 
Page  108,  lines  .">  and  C>,    "  reclaif 
and  cncloiwd  tlw  r»1i'H"<irf  common 
Red  Moss."     Thi«  is  rsthcr  antidi 
the  fact ;  so  far  from  the  .Moss  ** 
rerlaimed  and  enclosed,"   it  is 
bring  draimrd  by  steam,  and  that  mure 
e  trial  for  th*  engine,  than  for  the 


1833.] 


Baines's  Lancashire. — Chat  Moss. 


599 


posea  of  callivtttton ;  an  the  ingenioos 
inveatur  of  tlia&  curious  upplirutiuu  of 
Bteam-jiowtT  ha*  obtained  leuvc  from  Sir 
Ro>}t:rt  Holt  L«igh  to  try  lils  experimeuts 
on  tliin  Maes,  preparatory  to  the  engine 
being  taken  over  to  Ireland^  to  drain  and 
ptoiigh  the  bogs  there. 

line    11.     "  Blackrod    was    the 

site  of  the  Roman  station  of  Coccium." 
It  is  ^>-ing  n  fnl.ie  view  of  the  qaestion  to 
quote  the  Monk  of  Cirencester  on  this 
point.  Ha  the  learned  Historian  of  \Vhal- 
ley  U»s  so  coinivtftt-Iy  t^^tabliiihed  the 
identity  of  Corrium  and  Ribnhettter. 
Even  if  Mr>  Baines  lia*  dctcrinined  to 
be  led  by  Dr.  Whitaker,  he  ought  still, 
in  common  jusitice,  to  have  given  hia 
renders,  in  a  note,  the  benefit  of  Dr. 
Whitaker' s  most  conclusive  remarks  on 
this  subject. 

line  22,  '•  Lostock  Hall,  an  erec 

tion  uf  the  a«^  of  Queen  Elizabeth."  If 
the  Editor  ha»  fomieil  his  opinion  of  the 
age  of  Lostock  Hall  from  the  date  on  the 
Gatehouse,  he  h&»  reasoned  from  false 
premises ;  for  the  Hall  itself  was  of  a 
much  earlier  period  than  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth. 

1  have  now  followed  Mr.  Baines 
through  an  entire  parbh,  and  fearing 
lest  your  readers  should  be  displeased 
at  the  space  occupied  by  so  dry  and 
unlntereftting  a  subject,  will  con- 
clude by  merely  noticing  a  few  errors, 
which  occur  in  some  of  the  remaining 
pages  of  this  37th  part. 

Page  113.  Une  .31,  for  "  14<«,"  read 
1404 — "  the  day  nest  before  the  feast  of 
St.  Michael  the  .\j-changel  in  the  /^fth 
year  of  the  reign  of  King  Henry  the 
Fourth,"  fell  on  Sunday  the  ^Jk^tb,  14o4. 

Page  115,  line  IS,  For  *'  of  the  king's 
•rmc,"  read  of  the  queea'a  arms.  It  teems 
very  nnneceaaary  to  have  noticed  this 
*'  excellent  painting ;''  as  it  is  customary 
to  have  the  royal  arms  emblazoned  in 
some  conspicoous  port  of  almost  every 
parish  church. 

Page  131,  line  4.  "  Chat  Moss,  proba- 
bly a  possession  of  St.  Chad  or  Cbeadda, 


Bishop  of  Mcrcia,  seated  at  Chester,  A.D. 
6tiU,  originally  an  immense  fore«t." 

On  this  derivation  of  the  name  of  Chat 
Moss,  I  will  only  remark  that  there  is  a 
word  which    Dr.  Whilaker  says    (in  hia 
History  of  Whalley,  page  II,  edit.  1801.) 
"  occurs  muchoftener  in  the  compo$itioa 
of  local  niitiii';*  than  we  ore  aware  of — thia  ' 
its  the  British  Coed,   a  wood — which    ia 
reflected  in  Coitmore,  Vadbetston,  Ckat- 
niow,  Catlow,  and  many  others;" — and 
that   the   above   words     "originally    an, 
immense  forest,"   seem   to  confirm    Dr. 
Whitaker's   etymology.      And    with    re- 
spect to  8t  Chad's  bishopric  being  seated] 
at  Chester,  Mr.  Baines  is  evidently  wrongs ^ 
as  Venerable  Bede  says:     "He  [Ccadd]  j 
had  his  episcopal  see  in  the   place  calleaj 
Ljcitfeld    [Lichtield]    in    which   he   ahwj 
dr'd,  and  was  bury'd,  and  where  the  se#| 
of  the  succeeding  bimhops  of  that  provtooAl 
[Mercia]    MtiU    continues." •      St.  Clu4j 
was  canonized  in  fi(>l<. 

Page  135,  line  '24.  "  Pcn-hulton  [in 
the  possession  of  Ilultoii]."  I  must 
here  again  refer  Mr.  Baines  to  the  His- 
torian of  Whalley,  for  a  more  correct  de- 
rivation of  the  name  of  thia  township^ 
Dr.  Whitaker's  remarks  on  the  etymoloi 
of  Pendle  Hill,  will  apply  with  eqi 
force  to  Pendleton.  The  composition  of 
the  word  [Pendle  hill]  iii  an  instance  he 
says,  "  in  which  a  name  once  significant, 
but  become  unintelligible  by  change  of 
language,  has  had  uu  explanatory  syllable 
attached  to  it :  thus  the  British  Pm^  or 
head,  became  in  the  Saxon  «era  Penhull; 
and  this  continued  (u  be  the  orthography 
of  the  word  till  long  after  the  Conquest — 
afterwards,  however,  the  second  syllable 
was  melted  down  into  the  insignificant 
dlt  and  nHpurcd  another  explanatory  ad- 
dition, altogether  constituting  the  modem 
Pendle  hill." 

Youra,  &c.  M.  D. 

•  See  the  Ecclesiastical  History  of  the 
English  Nation,  written  in  Latin  by  Ve- 
nerable Bede,  and  now  translated  into 
English  from  Dr.  Smith's  edition, 
Moccxxiii.  page  380. 


ROMAN  INSCRIPTIONS  AT  CAERLEON. 


Mb.  UttBAx, 


E 


New  Kent -road, 
March  12,  1835. 
MY  attention  has  lately  been  di- 
rected by  ray  friend,  Samuel  Cowpcr 
Brown,  Esq.  of  Lewisbam.  K.S.A.,  to 
his  fac-similc  copie%of  some  Rumoij  in- 
scriptions which  he  recently  had  seen 
At  Caerlcon^  in  Moamoutbshirc. 


The  name  of  this  place,  to  adopt 
the  most  probable  ami  iiccepted  deri- 
vation, di«itingui»hes  it  as  the  City  of 
Legions,  an  important  post  in  the 
military  dominion  of  the  Romans  iu 
Britain. 

Julius  Frontinus.  who  was  Pnetor 
in  Britaia  under  the  Emperor  Vespa- 


600 


The  X«Mff»  Statiom  at  Cmerieom. 


[J« 


sian,  (see  toI.  cm.  ii.  p.  21.)  subdued 
the  warlike  native  tribe,  called  by  the 
Roman  writers  Silures.  notwithntaad- 
ing  their  dif&rult  and  mountainous 
country,  and  having  once  rendered  him- 
self master  of  Siluf  ia,  took  care  to  se> 
cure  the  permanence  of  his  conquest. 
Of  Frontinu^.  Tarttus  has  led  us,  with 
his  characteristic  brevity,  the  following 
summar>'  but  comprehensive  eulogy  on 
occasion  of  this  very  transaction  :  — 
"  Frontinus  vir  nagnus  (quantum 
licebat)  validam(|ue  ct  pugnacem  Si- 
lurum  gcntrm  amiis  subegit,  super 
virtutem  hostium  locornm  quoquc  diffi- 
cultates  pluotatus."*  Frontinus,  on 
the  site  perhaps  of  »ome  British  fast- 
nesA  or  furtri>»s,  founded  the  Roman 
Iwa  t>ilurum.  the  Romans  coutonting 
themselves,  as  in  many  other  instances, 
with  rotnining  the  original  British 
tt'rui,  (lonotihg  the  situation  of  the 
plart'  on  a  great  river,  called  by  the 
nativrs,  by  way  of  eminence,  Isc  (Ui-k) 
or  the  watort,  merely  softening  the 
termination  by  the  addition  of  the 
final  a.  The  second  I/egion  Augusta 
had  constituted  the  principal  force  by 
which  this  conquest  was  achieved; 
and,  by  the  well-known  and  admirable 
policy  of  the  Romans,  the  legionary 
soldiers  were  made  the  means  of  in- 
troducing the  useful  arts  into  the  wild 
and  5avage  district  of  Siluria,  thus 
confirming  their  dominion  by  the 
strongest  of  social  ties,  participation 
in  the  comforts  and  intellectual  inter- 
course of  civilized  life.  The  August 
Legion  have  left  at  Caerlcon  inde- 
lible records  of  their  useful  occupation 
in  their  quarters :  numerous  are  the 
wall  and  roof  tiles  from  time  to  time 
found  at  Caerleon,  moulded  by  their 
hands,  and  impressed  with  the  stamp 
LEGIO  SECVNDA  AVGUSTA,  as 
also  the  inscriptions  dedicated  by  that 
body  to  the  memory  of  their  deceased 
companions  in  arras,  to  the  reigning 
Emperor,  or  to  tutelary  gOiU. 

In  the  time  of  Ciiraldus  Cambrensis, 
who  wrote  an  account  of  the  journey 
of  his  metioimlitiin  Archbishop  Bald- 
win   through  Wales,  to   preach  the 


*  Tacit  in  vit.  Agrirol.  edit.  Elievir, 
p.7S9. 

t  Usg,  Uicgue,  water:  hence  Usque- 
baugh (tJsg  bach)  greater  strong  water,  a 
■ime  applied  to  an  ardent  spirit. 

5 


enisade  towmrds  the  close  of  the  lift 
Century,  theCitr  of  the  second  Legioo. 
long  before  abandoned  by  itsfooBdn. 
presented,  after  a^s  of  decay,  tpkadid 
vestiges  of  its  former  grandeur  and  ia. 
portance.  "  Passing,"  says  the  honot 
monk.  "  from  thence  [from  Usk]  to 
Caerleon,  and  leaving  far  oa  our  left 
hand  the  castle  of  Monmoatk,  and 
noble  forest  of  Dean,  siroated  on  tke 
other  side  of  the  Wye  and  beven.and 
which  amply  supplies  Gloucester  witk 
iron  and  venison,  we  spent  the 
night  at  Newport,  having  crossed  tb« 
river  Usk  three  times.  Caerleon  is 
called  the  City  of  Legions ;  Caer,  in 
the  British  language,  signifying  a  city 
or  camp,  for  there  the  Kuman  legiou 
were  accustomed  to  winter,  and  from 
that  circurostaoce  it  was  called  the 
City  of  Legions.  This  city  was  ef 
undoubted  antiquity,  and  handsomelv 
built  of  brick  by  tbe  Romans ;  many 
vestiges  of  its  former  splendour  may 
still  be  seen.  Immense  palaces,  orna- 
mented with  gilded  roofs,  in  imiutioa 
of  Roman  magnificence,  a  tower  of 
prodigious  size,  remarkable  hot  h%*h«, 
relics  of  temples  and  theatres,  ea- 
closed  by  walls,  parts  of  which  remaii 
standing.  You  will  find  on  all  sides, 
both  within  and  without  the  ciicuit  of 
the  walls,  subterraneous  vaults  and 
aqueducts,  and,  what  I  think  worthy 
of  notice,  stoves  constructed  with  won- 
derful art  to  transmit  the  heat  insen- 
sibly through  narrow  tubes."  A  mo- 
dern tourist  in  Wales  has  explained 
Giraldus's  gilded  roofs,  by  observing, 
that  some  of  the  Roman  tiles  bear 
marks  of  a  metallic  incrustation,  with 
which  their  surface  glitters  and  shines. 
I  have  myself  seen  fragments  of  Rmaan 
pottery  of  a  similar  description.  An  in- 
scription at  Vienna,  in  Dauphine  (the 
Vienna  Allobrogum  of  the  Romans) 
transcribed  by  Montfaucon  in  his 
Italian  diar}',  :^hows  that  the  ancients 
sometimes  adorned theirbuildinga  with 
tilea  of  gilded  bronze,*  of  which  the 

I    Dl».    FI.AJIINICA    VIKXNAK 
TKCVLAS    AEXKAS    AVRATAR 
CVM    CARr>>fVIIS    ET 
VKSTITVBl**    HAvlVM    KT    ttlfiXA 
CASTORIS*    J^T    »'«»l-VCl»i   CVM    KQTIS 
tl  SJONA   HKRCVLIS  KT  UKKCi;U 


1835.] 


toman  Infcriptiofu  found  at  CaerUon. 


001 


gHded  tiles  of  baked  clay  were  pro- 
bably imitative.     The  tower  of  pro- 
digious size,  mentioned  by  Giraldus, 
is  now  only  marked  out  by  the  lofty 
mount   on  which  it  was   erected  :    it 
stands  on  the  river  side,  without  the 
lines   of  the  Roman   circuravallation, 
and  might,  perhaps,  be  the  fort  orif^i- 
ginally  erected  by  the  Britons.     The 
theatre,    or   rather  ampitheatre,    may 
still  be  distinguished    by  a  spacious 
hollow  a  few  yards  distant  from  the 
city  wall.     The  situatioja  of  the  Vomi- 
tories. Mr.  Hrown  tells  me,  may  be  dis- 
tinctly  traced.      The    columns   of   a 
Roman  temple  are  said,  to  this  day,  to 
support  the  market  bouse  at  Caerleon. 
The  subterranean  ruins  of  hypocausts, 
and  the  tessellated  floors  of  villas,  ara 
discovered   occasionally    in   the   sur- 
rounding country,  and  thus  the  topo- 
graphical   veracity   of  the    venerable 
Giraldus  is  completely  borne  out.     I 
proceed  to  detail  the  inscriptions  com- 
muoicaled  to  me  by  Mr.  Brown,    The 
first  was  found  in  a  field  N,  VV.  of 
Caerleon,  near  a  place  called  Merry- 
lands,  whiL-h  he  suggests  is  a  corrup- 
tion of  Muritund^.   being  adjacent  to 
the  city  wall.     The  inscription  is  on 
tablet  of  stone,  19  inches  by  U,     Mr. 
Brown  transcribes  it  thus  : — 

D.  — M. 
Q  ,  IVLI  .  SKVERl 
DINIA  .  VETERANI 
G  .  U  .  AVG  .  CNJVX  F  .  C  . 

[^Between  the  D  and  M  is  sculptured 
jc  pointed  leaf  of  ivy,  with  which 

I  Roman  altars  and  sacred  vessels  arc  so 
cummouly    adorned;   probably    every 

[object  distinguished  by  this  mark  was 

1  of  a  sacred  character.  The  ioscription 
may  be  read  at  length  : — "  Dii*  .Mani- 
bus  Quinti  Julii  Severi  Dinia  vcterani 
Legionis  sccundx  August4ie  conjax 
fieri  curavit."  The  sepulchral  memo- 
rial was  therefore  erected  by  Dinia,  or 
Biaoa,  to  hei  husband  Quintus  JuUus 
Severus,  a  veteran  of  the  Second  Le- 
gion. The  second  stone,  about  four 
inches  in  length,  is  in  the  |>oaseBsioa 
of  Mr.   Pritchard,   of  Caerleon :    its 

Ectera  are  certainly  more  difficult 
lution  ;  they  stand  thus  : — 
CHOR  VI  HAS  ERRK 
..  RO  F  S  MODER 
1  I  read  Cohors  Seita  Hutata 
lint  caixi  fratri  suo  ModGrato,<— a 
Mac.  Vol.  III. 


monument  of  the  spearmen  of  the 
Legion  to  a  companion  in  arms.  The 
third  tablet  is  thus  inscribed  : 

COH.  IL 
VALENTL  FL 
AW 
If  this  be  a  sepulchral  memorial,  we 
must  read  the  last  letters,  annos  viiit 
quiaque,  and  consider  it  the  monu- 
ment of  Valens  Flavius,  a  child  of  that 
age.  Some  years  since,  several  large 
cubic  altar  stones,  inscribed,  wera 
found  in  the  N.  W.  corner  of  Caerleon 
church-yard.  On  the  face  of  one  of 
these  was  the  legend*  N.  N,  AVG. 
GENIO.  LEG.  II.  AVG.  on  the  back 
D.  D.  Vlli.  KAL.  OCTR,  which  1 
suppose  may  be  read  Nostrorum  Augus- 
torum  Genio  Legio  secunda  Augutta 
dedicaverunt,  &c. 

The  handle  of  a  vessel  of  Sam  tan 
ware,  examined  by  Mr.  Brown,  is  in- 
teresting, as  it  belonged  probably  to 
one  of  the  sacred  vessels  of  a  temple 
of  Jupiter.  It  was  stamped  D.O.  M.S. 
Deo  Optimo  Maximo  Sacrum ;  and 
the  above  assertion  is  corroborated^ 
by  the  fact,  that  a  few  years  since,  aa 
altar  of  reddish  stone,  brought  from 
Caerleon,  was  sold  at  Thomas's  Auc- 
tion Rooms,  on  which  I  read  the  ini- 
tials 1.  O.  M,  (Jovi  Optimo  Maximo). 
That  there  was  also  a  temple  of  DianftJ 
at  Caerleon,  a  statue  of  that  goddes*^ 
discovered  in  1602,  and  the  followii 
inscription  preserved  by  Camden,  wi 
show — 

F.  FLAVIUS  POSTUMIUS  VARUS 

V.C.  LEG.  TEMl'L.  DIAN^ 

RESTITUIT. 

— implying  that  the  fifth  cohort  of  the 
Legion  prepared  her  temple.  We 
have,  in  the  inscriptions  detailed,  no- 
tice of  three  cohorts  of  the  above- 
named  Legion,  styled,  in  addition  to 
its  August  title,  Britannira,  for  it* 
eminent  services  in  our  island.  In  the 
reigns  of  Hadrian,  Antoninus,  and 
Severus.  it  was  quartered  iu  the  North, 
and  was  employed  in  constructing  the 
well-known  barriers  against  the 
Picts.  During  the  latter  period  of  its 
sojourning  in  Britain,  it  was  quartered 
at  Rhatup«  (Richborough,  in  Kent), 
whence,  on  the  decline  of  the  Roman 

*   Commuaicated  to    me   by   T,    C* 
Croker,  Esq    F.S.A. 
4  11 


Saviour  i 


fower.  it  embarked  for  the  ('ontinent. 
f  the  above  additions  to  the  memo- 
rials, contemporaneous  with  its  pre- 
sence tu  Siluria,  should  bo  found  ac- 
ceptable for  your  Magazine,  so  long 


diatiflguifiheU  as  &  storehouse  of  hi** 
torical,  topographica,!,  and  antiqawiaa 
information.  I  shall  fpel  ple&sarv  m 
haviug  had  the  op^>ortunitj  uf  coo- 
municating  them.  A.  J.  K. 


CRYPT  AT  ST.  SAVIOUR'S,  SOUTHWARK. 


I 
I 


Mr-  Uhban,  May  12. 

DURING  the  lost  six  weeks  the 
monastic  buildings  adjacent  to  the 
north  side  of  the  ancient  Prior)'  Church 
of  St.  Mary  Overy  (now  St.  Saviour's 
Church)  have  been  iu  progress  of  de- 
moiition,  and  now  scarcely  one  atone 
remains  upon  another.  A  description 
of  these  relic*,  with  a  plan  from  recent 
measurements,  will,  I  iiust,  be  accept- 
able to  the  readers  of  the  Gentleman's 
Magazine. 

The  remains  were  visited  by  the 
indefatigable  John  Carter  in  1797.  and 
again  in  ISOS  ;  the  results  he  commu- 
nicated to  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,* 
Within  the  two  perioda  m^uch  had  been 
destroyed,  but  since  the  latter  date, 
until  the  present  tiual  destruction,  little 
change  occurred,  and  the  retiuiins  were 
nearly,  or  quite,  in  tJic  same  alatc  05 
they  are  described  to  l>e  by  that  excel- 
lent antiquary,  and  to  whose  brief 
but  accurate  aun-ey  I  beg  to  refer  your 
readers.  I  have  been  able  to  render  a 
more  particular  and  minute  description, 
in  consequence  of  having  readier  access 
to  the  buildings  than  could  have  been 
afforded  at  a  period  when  they  were 
occupied  as  warehouses. 

The  principal  portion  of  these  re- 
mains was  a  crypt,  placed  at  a  right 
angle  with  the  Church,  and  consti- 
tuting the  basement  story  to  a  hall  or 
gallery  of  equal  extent.  It  apparently 
formed  the  western  side  of  a  court  or 
quadrangle,  surrounded  on  three  i<ides 
by  buildings,  having  the  present  vestry 
and  the  (church  to  the  south,  an  an- 
cient range  to  the  north,  and  a  wall, 
as  the  eastern  boundary.  An  old 
foundation,  at  a  short  distance  from 
the  eastern  extremity  of  the  church, 
was  brought  to  light  upon  the  demo- 
lition of  the  hou'ies  for  the  approach 
to  the  Bridge,  and  which  may  be  cua- 
tiidered  m  the  boundaiy  of  the  monastic 
buildings  in  that  direction.  The  west- 
ern bide  of  the  ctypl  partly  abutted 
on  the  cloiiiters  and  partly  un  a  range 

•  Vol.  Lxxvni  v*rtVi.  p-  Gwi. 


of  buildings  of  an   earlier   date^  «• 
tending  to  the  west.     The  north  front' 
was  open  to  the  water.     Tlie  south  wall ' 
was  situated  at  the  distance  of  21  ffrt 
5  inches  from  the  north   wall  of  the 
transept ;  the  intervening   space,  used 
as  a  stable,  was  divided  transTersely  by 
on  ancient  wall  of  brick,  three  feet  ia 
thickness,  shewing  the  remains  of  two 
loRy  arches   turued  in  the   same  na- 
t^riat,  of  the  age  of  Edward  IV.     Tb* 
exterior  features  of  the  crypt  and  id 
superior  edifice  were  much  injured  fay 
modern  repairs  and  alterations   of  a 
mean  and  mconsistent  character.     In 
the  east  front  was  a  small  window, 
nearly  square,  with    a   pointed   be*l 
enclosed   iu  a  square  label,   No.  I  ia 
plan,  and  near  it,  an  ancient  dooruay, 
No.   2  in  the  plan,  similar  in  iu  cha. 
racier  lu  the  south  door  of  Eltham  HalU 
of  the  time  of  Edward  IV'.  ;  the  crthcr 
openiDgs.   if  there  were  any,  in  tht 
original  work,  had  been  enlar]ged  inM 
modern  doorways.     In  thesuiierstme- 
ture,  two  windows  existed  in  the  same 
front,  one  of  which  was  walled  up ;  A* 
remainder  of  the  upright  of  the  walk 
exhibited  a  mass  of  deformity,  in  con* 
sequence  of  the  ancient  work  haviaf 
beeu  repaired  with  brick,  and  defaeca 
with  many  windows,  broke  out  with- 
out  regard  to  taste  or  architecturai 
effect. 

The  north  wall,  when  vUited  by 
Mr.  Carter,  was  concealed  by  tM 
Crown  public-houAe,^  on  the  rrmo«al 
of  which  a  door  and  window  were  din- 
covered  :  the  door,  like  that  in  the  east 
wall,  had  a  low  pointed  arch,  (No,  5> 
and  was  of  the  same  jieriod.  It  w 
situatetl  rather  singularly  at  the  comer 
of  the  front,  and  was  evidently  an  en. 
largement  of  an  older  opening  effected 
in  all  probability  at  the  bamc  time  mm 
the  principal  entrance  to  the  court  i 
the  ea&tero  side  of  the  remains.     OC 

t  The  iiifB  of  thu  hoose  (a  crown)  • 
cxrvrd  in  stone,  and  the  fom,  a»  wall  ■• 
VV\c  (T^^VxV  Wtv,  iVvQKcd  it  to  be  aatorior. 


IS35.] 


Crypt  at  St  Saviour'a,  Southvark. 


603 


this  cnlrfince.  the  pier  of  the  arch  ex- 
isted, nUnched  to  the  adjacent  angle  ; 
the   archivolt  having  been  destroyed ; 
but  ou  the  removal  of  the  buildings,  %. 
fine  square-headed  label  belonging  to] 
this  entraace  was  brought  to  light,  th«j 
pier  (No.  4)  alone  being  visible  when  itj 
was  seen  by  Mr.  Carter.  The  window,  [ 
in   the   north   front    (No.   6)    thoaghj 
rauch  defaced,  shewed  the  remains  of 
a  square  headed  weather  cornice,  and  I 
though  at  first  sight  it  might  be  mis-j 
taken  for  an  insertion  of  the  Tudor] 
period^  was  of  a  much  earlier  date;  itj 
was  nearly  square,  and  divided  by  •] 
single  roullion.     Above  had  been  ori- 
ginally a  large  window.    The  wall  hi 
been  rebuilt  at   some  period,   and 
only  .shewed  vestiges  of  juinbs,  som«] 
disjoined,  and   other  in  their  places,* 
BO  an  to  defy  any  attempt  at  restoration. 
Against  the  west  side,  the  earth  had 
been  raised  to  a  height  nearly  equal  to. 
the  crown  of  the  vault ;  the  point  of  thcl 
arch  of  a  window  or  doorway  in  thej 
crypt,  might  be  aeen  above  the  surfac 
of  the  earth  which  obscured  the  re- 
mainder, and  in  the  upper  wall,  just 
above  it,    the  arch  of  a  window    re- 
mained   perfect,  the  weather   cornice 
resting  on  busts  greatly  defaced  :   the 
trnccry  had   been  destroyed,  and  the 
ojK-ning  bricked  up.     It  was  at  least  as 
earlv  as  the  reign  of  Edward  III. 

The  entire  length  was  93  feet  6 
inches  -,  the  breadth  33  feet  6  inches ; 
these  measurements  include  the  walls, 
which  were  4  feet  in  thickness  to  the 
^'aulting.  where  there  was  a  break  and 
a  decrease  in  thickness ;  in  the  re- 
mainder of  the  elevation  the  walls  were 
only  three  feet  thick,  they  were  formed 
/  of  rubble,  and  faced  with  Kentish  rsg 
in  irregular  courses,  Hcept  in  one  part 
of  the  division  (r)  which  sihewed  in 
the  interior  a  portion  of  ashlar  work. 

The  interior,  in  its  original  state, 
must  have  presenteil  a  verj  interesling 
Kpftearance.  It  contained  in  length, 
seven  divisions ;  and  in  breadth,  was 
made  into  two  aisles  by  a  central  range 
of  columns  It  feet  3  inches  in  height, 
octangular  in  plnn,  with  a  plinth  nf 
the  same  form,  divided  from  the  shaft 
by  a  chamfer,  and  the  caps  had  a  torus 
as  a  crowning  member.  'ITie  entire 
design  was  vaulted  with  arches  and 
cross  springers  resting  on  the  columns, 
and  on  corljels  attached  to  the  side 
w«lN.     The  Iraiisrerec  rib*  alone  were 


604 


Crypt  <U  St.  Saviour  Sy  Southwark. 


[ione, 


pointed;  these  weresprung  immediately 
from  the  points  of  support,  the  arches, 
which  were  round-headed,  appearing 
to  grow  from  the  other  conjoined  ribs, 
and  in  consequence,  a  portion  of  their 
height  wa&  carried  up  perpendicularly. 
The  ribs  weresemi-octaiigular.  of  abold 
character,  the  spaodrils  filled  in  with 
chalk,  repaired  at  different  times,  and 
in  some  instances  with  bricks,  with 
the   form   of  which  the  pieces  cotn- 
posiog    the   vault    very    well    agreed. 
When  the  whole  interior  was  divested 
of  the  more  recent  partition  walls,  the 
perspective  must  have  been  very  grand; 
It  then   presented  two  uniform  aisles 
of  about  80  feet  in  extent,  forming  a 
covered  walk   or  clnisler   for  exercise 
during   foul  weather  in  winter,   and 
affording  shelter  from  the  sun'a  rays 
in  the  summer   season.     The  accom- 
panying   plan   will    assist    the   more 
complete  understanding  of  the  ensuing 
description  of  the  interior. 

At  the  south  end  (vide  a  in  plan) 
was  a  passage  leading  from  the  cloi^iter 
to  the  crypt;  the  extremity  being  closecl 
with  brick,  shewed  it  to  have  been  an 
entrance.  This  entrance  led  into  a 
small  groined  porch  formed  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  eastern  aisle,  being 
narrower  than  the  rest  of  the  aisle, 
and  separated  from  it  by  a  break  in 
the  wall ;  and  here  appeared  the  most 
important  alteration  which  the  design 
had  sustained,  llie  first  division  ib\ 
was  partitioned  by  two  stone  walls, 
which  had  the  effect  of  converting  the 
eaateramoat  portion  with  the  porch 
into  a  email  room,  the  arch  of  entrance 
to  which,  in  the  northern  wall,  was  of 
the  same  period  and  in  the  same  style 
as  the  doorcases  before  describerl ;  this 
portion  retained  its  groins,  which  were 
singularly  accommodated  to  meet  the 
irregularity  in  the  plan  occasioned  by 
the  porch  j  the  effect  of  the  alteration 
was  to  give  a  very  picturesque  effect 
to  the  apartment,  the  light  streaming 
in  from  the  emtU  window  on  the 
eastern  wall,  and  the  seclusion  of  the 
place  when  the  dour  was  closed,  might 
almost  create  the  idea  of  its  being  the 
cell  of  some  holy  recluse.  This  por- 
tion forms  the  first  subject  in  the 
engravmg,  for  the  drawing  of  which  I 
am  indebted  to  the  friendship  of  Mr. 
G.  Buckler. 

Iq  the  division  running  parallel  with 
thif,   tb«  groins  had  twen  dnVto^td 


ea  on  u« 
II,  wi^ 
lat  ui^^H 
)rws^V 


and  a  modern  cellar  arch  of  brick  sob* 
stituted.  The  south  wail  was  ori^aaL 
A    pier   at   three    feet    frora  the  eaai, 
would  seem,   by  its    quoins,   to  haw 
once  flanked   an  opening;    against  it 
abutted  a  segment  arch   rising  3  ftct 
8    inches  from    the    floor,   the  utilrtr 
or  design  of  which   must  be  a  matter 
of  speculation  ;    the    succeeding  divi- 
sion (c)  was  unaltered.     This  divistoD 
had  a  doorway    opposite    to   that  in 
the   east   wall,    as    appeared   by   tW 
jamb  and  other  remains  of  a  more  m- 
cient  period  than  the  present  entrancaa. 
Northwards  a  brick  wall,  with  a  door- 
way having  a  flat  arch  turned   In  the 
same  material  and  walled  up.*  bouodnl 
that  portion  of  the  crypt,  aod  inad«  it 
into  a  passage  from  the  cloister  to  the 
court;  the  third  division  (</)  was  nn- 
attered.  it  had  a  modem  opening  in 
the  east  wall,  and  was  bounded  on  tlM 
north  by  a  stone  partition  wall, 
doorway,  almost  a  copy  of  that 
small  room  ;  through  this  dno. 
next   two  divisions    (p,  f^    wen?  ap- 
proached ;   they  were  vacant,  and  lud 
only  a   modern  opening    in   the  eatt 
wait.     A  brick  wall  of  a  more  rccvat 
date  than  the  previous   one  was  Urn 
northern  boundary  ;  it  had  an  srch  ia 
the  eastern  aisle  which  appeared  new 
to  have  been  used  as  a  doorway.     Tht 
two  succeeding  divisions  {g  and  A)  werv 
open,  and  presented  the  most  corioo* 
portion  of  the  structure.      A  modem 
door  opened  into  h  from  the  eaat,  and 
an  acute  pointed  door  opposite  to  U 
once    formed   a  communication    froa 
some  adjacint  building ;  the  sty] 
this  doorway  proving  it  to  be 
with  the  crypt.     A  window  or 
for  it  is  difficult  to  say  which,  existed 
in  the  division  g  ;  it  was  much  altered 
and  had  more  the  appearance  of  a  door, 
though  it  may  have  been  originally  a 
window.     The  groining  of  the  seventh 
division  h  was  singularly  disposed  at 
the  northern  extremity;  the  wall  was 
made    into  four    irregular    portiuaa; 
in  the  one  towards  the  weftt  wai   • 
circular-headed  niche,  the  aectMid  mad 
fourth  had  the  window  and  door  which 
are  described  with  the  exterior. 

The  vaulting,  which  had  hitherto 
been  uniform,  was  here  accommodated 
most  singularly  to  the  openings.     Tba 

*  It  i»  quettioutble  whether  this  door- 
mil  •«»»  tc<reT  a^%. 


n    iroa 
r  iww^^" 


1S35.] 


Crypt  at  St.  Saviour'n,  SotUhwark. 


60a 


longitudinal  arch  being  metat  its  crown 
by  two  ribs  springing  from  the  jaraba  of 
the  window  and  forming  a  triangular 
plan  ;  the  half  of  the  north-western 
cross-springer  was  in  likemanner  inter- 
rupted by  one  uf  the  same  jambs  and 
turned  oq  one  side,  and  in  the  eastern 
division  the  cross-springers  were  met  at 
the  crown  of  the  arch  by  two  other  ribs 
sprioging  from  the  jambs  of  the  door 
and  window,  and  by  a  third  springing 
from  a  jarab  attached  to  the  eastern 
wall,  at  1  foot  7  inches  from  the  north, 
the  existence  of  which  establishes  the 
originality  of  the  entrance  at  that  spot. 
The  tine  of  section,  and  for  which  I 
am  also  indebted  to  Mr.  G.  Buckler, 
is  between  the  divisions  e  and  /-,  it 
ahewa  the  construction  of  the  vaulting 
better  than  any  description ;  in  the 
back  ground  is  seen  the  interior  face 
of  the  northern  wall,  with  the  niche 
And  the  several  jambs. 

In  various  part  of  the  crypt  the  ap- 
pearance of  jambs,  fur  which  uo  open- 
ing exists  at  present,  seems  to  demand 
some  explanation. 

One  of  such  jambs,  with  an  aich,  has 
been  already  described  as  existing  in  the 
I  aouth  wall ;  this  tnay  have  been  a  con- 
''  trivancc  to  resist  the  thrust  of  the  vault ; 
there  were,  however,  others  in  the 
eastern  wall  which  are  not  so  easily  ac- 
counted for  ;  one  existed  in  the  division 
/near  the  partition  wall;  another  in  y, 
in  the  western  wait :  in  the  division  d, 
being  that  in  which  the  ashlar  work 
before  noticed  existed,  were  two  jambs, 
between  which  the  wall  was  recessed, 
and  had  tbeappearance  of  having  been  a 
doorway.  These  appearances  can  only 
be  accouDted  foronthe  supposition  that 
the  crypt  waa  not  all  of  one  period,  and 
that  the  walls  were  oldcrthan  the  groin- 
ing; and  this  idea  will  alone  account 
for  the  singularity  of  the  vaulting  at 
the  north  end,  by  supposing  that  it 
obtained  its  present  form  in  conse- 
quence of  its  having  been  accommo- 
dated to  prior  openings.  When,  there- 
fore, the  vaulting  was  added,  the 
former  windows  or  doors  to  which  the 
present  useless  jambs  belonged,  appear 
to  hare  been  filled  up  to  strengthen 
the  walls  smd  enable  them  to  sustain 
!  the  increased  pressure  of  the  groined 
'  ceiling.  7*he  round-headed  niche  in 
the  north  wall  is  decidedly  Norman  ; 

Kts.  with  the  other  indications,  will 
*  the  enquirer  in  arriving  at  the 


true  period  of  the  construction  of  the 
building;  the  walls  may  be  attributed 
to  the  time  of  Henry  I.,  when  the 
Priory  was  built  by  the  Normans, 
Pont  d'Arche  and  Dauncy,  \.  d.  1106, 
and  the  remainder  to  the  age  of  King 
John,  when  it  was  rebuilt  after  a  fire, 
A.  D.  1212.  The  stone  partition  walla 
and  the  door-cases  were  probably  the 
work  of  Prior  Burton,  in  whose  time« 
1485-91.  considerable  works  were 
going  on.  The  oUler  brick  partition 
may  have  been  the  work  of  a  sub* 
sequent  prior  ;  the  northern  one,  which 
is  more  modern,  was  probably  built 
aAer  the  Kefurmation. 

Above  this   crypt  was   a    spacious 
hall,  most  probably  the  refectory  of  the 
Priory.     In   179^,  when  the  remains 
were  in  a  very  perfect  state,  this  hall  is 
said,  by  Messrs.  Concanen  and  Morgan, 
who  conjointly  wrote  a  History  of  the 
Parish,  to  have  had  an  oak  roof  sup- 
ported by  car>'ed  angels,  with  a  lantern 
light  in  the  centre,  and  a  great  window 
at  the  end.    Several  of  the  stone  corbels 
on  which   this   roof  once  rested,  re- 
mained, they  were  thirteen  feet  apart, 
and    it  would   therefore  appear  that ' 
there  w^ere  six  principal  beams  in  the 
entire  length.     The  great  window  was 
entirely  destroyed  ;  the  existing  piers 
seemed  as  if  left  only  to   puzzle  the 
future  antiquary.       In  the  west  wall 
was  the  winduw  noticed   in   the  ex- 
terior, and  on  the  opposite  side  two 
narrow  windows  placed  very  close  to 
each  other.    The  mode  of  entrance  to 
this  hall  could  not  be  aacertained,  but 
at    the    south-eastern    corner   was 
jamb,  having  on  the  outside  the  biD| 
of  a  door ;  at  the  period  of  the  de« 
molition  there  were  no  traces  of  any 
attached  buildings  in  that  direction^^ 
the  doorway,  therefore,  either  comma* 
nicated   with  an  external    stair  or 
flying  gallery  attached  to  the  building, 
which  at  one  time  occupied  the  space 
between  the  refectory  and  the  transept. 
It  now  only  remains  briefly  to  notice 
the  ranges  of  buildings  on  tlie  east  and 
west  sides  of  the  pde  which  I  have 
just  described ;  at  No.  3  in  the  plan 
were  three   corbels  attached  to  the 
wall ;  at  the  distance  of  15  feet  eaM- 
ward  of  this  spot,  was  another  wall, 
which  originally  formed  the  interior  of 
the  range  of  buildings  on  the   north 
side  of  the  court  of  the  Priory  ;  the 
existing  remains  of  this  wall  extended 


Monteagle  House,  Southitttrk. 


[J. 


to  about  60  feet ;  in  the  basement  were 
two  round-headed  windows,  and  in  the 
Bupcrstructurc  the  remains  of  a  fire- 
place in  brick  work.  The  parallel 
wall,  which  should  have  formed  the 
northern  part  of  these  buildiaga,  had 
been  quite  removed. 

On  the  western  side  of  the  crypt, 
at  No.  7,  were  other  corbels,  and 
near  that  point,  and  about  20  feet 
westward,  was  a  wall  extending  in 
that  direction  more  than  100  feet, 
wher«  it  was  returned  northwards ; 
and  about  ]S  feet  from  it  was  a  large 
well,  bricked  rouzid  and  domed  over. 

On  the  site  of  this  latter  range  of 
buildings  werescattereil  many  detached 
pieces  of  mouldings,  some  of  which 
wereNorman,  and  others  ofvariousagea 
up  to  the  titae  of  James  I.  The  arch 
of  a  fire-place  rcnmtned.  of  the  Tudor 
period,  and  another  portion  of  a  fire- 
place shewed  tbc  gullloche  and  some 
other  mouldings  in  the  Italian  style. 

The  earlier  works  were,  uni|iieslion- 
ably,  the  remains  of  the  Prior's  house, 
the  later  ones  of  the  residence,  which 
at  the  dissolution  arose  on  its  site, 
the  well-known  Monteagle,  or,  as 
comniunly  called,  Montague  House, 
which  tradition  has  tonnected  with 
the  mysterious  letter  which  is  said  to 
have  led  to  the  discovery  of  the  equally 
mysterious  Gunpowder  Plot. 

After  the  existence  of  these  remains 
had  became  known,  it  was  surprising 
to  se*  how  greedily  every  bit  of  mould- 
ing was  purchased  by  the  hosts  of 
collectors    who    gathered    round   the 


falling  ruins,  and  to  tnajiy  of  ulna 
the  Italian  architecture  of  the 
of  Monteagle  Hou»e  afforded  a 

of  embarrassment. 

Monteagle  House,  when  occupied M 
a  residence,  is  »aid  to  hare  h«d  i 
private  entrance  to  the  Church;  thit 
was  no  doubt  throagh  the  Norout 
door  lately  opened  in  the  north  aiik 
of  the  nave,  and  the  entrance 
probably  a  part  of  the  ancient  cJc 
without  doubt  the  private  way 
Prior  to  the  Church  ;  and  so  far"S 
corroborates  the  auppositioa  that  ths 
Pnor's  house  was  succeeded  by  \ht 
more  modem  residence.  The  familr. 
though  Catholics,  were  liable  to 
punishment  if  they  attended  not  the 
service  of  the  Established  Church;  tbr 
private  entrance  enabled  rJiem  ta  exwii 
the  unjust  law.  This  house  in  its 
turn  gave  way  to  time  and  the  pro- 
gress of  alteration  ;  the  Brick  Hou«r, 
formerly  known  by  that  name,  aoJ 
which  existed  a  few  years  since,*  wm 
not  more  than  a  century  old,  and  the 
residue  of  the  site  was  parcelled  out 
into  places  of  trade  and  other  nn  wonht 
successors  to  the  monastic  dwelliof. 
In  a  few  months  the  ver^'  site  will  b« 
erased,  and  large  warehouses  occupy 
the  place  of  the  peaceful  dwellings  of 
ihc  Canons  of  St.  Mary  Orerv  ;  the 
retreats,  in  what  are  called  dart  ages, 
of  learning,  science,  and  the  fioe  uU. 
Yours,  &c.  E.  I.  a 

*   Engraved  in  Gent.  Mif.   for 
18M,  p.  777. 


REMARKS  ON  THE  CURRENCY. 

IN  A  LrTTr.a  to  thk  ar.  hon.  sia  aobert  i-kel,  bakt.     by  tTLoaa. 

( Cottlimtted  from  p.  334 . ) 


L 


THE  Liverpool  financial  policy, 
founded  on  maxims  of  Locke  and 
Adam  Smith,  and  to  which  we  arc 
indebted  for  the  emancipation  of  Ame- 
rica, assisted  likewise  to  produce  the 
Reform  Bill;  therefore  the  active  part 
you  took  in  re-establishing  it,  was 
most  properly  referred  to  in  your  Ad- 
dress to  Tamworth,  as  a  proof  tliat 
you  are  friendly  to  reform.  The  first 
Introduction  of  the  Liverpool  policy 
occurred  under  the  auspices  of  astates- 
lOAD    who    estimated    himself   more 


highly  as  a  philosopher ;  and  person 
who  could  not  see  far  into  futuritr. 
have  wished  that  his  predilection  for 
philosophy  had  kept  him  away  from 
courts.  The  philosophical  pursuits  of 
the  Earl  of  Bute  rau»t  have  made  him 
acquainted  with  the  roaiims  of  f>olitJ- 
cal  economy  taught  by  Adam  Smith  at 
Glasgow,  where  he  was  Profesaor  of 
Humanity  from  1752  to  1763.  Of  tb* 
estimation  in  which  he  was  held  by 
the  Earl  of  Bute  aoil  lus  friend*,  we 
have  evidence,  in  the  fart  rrcnrded  bjr 


183j.] 


liemarks  oh  the  Currenof. 


m 


his  biographer,  that  at  the  close  of  1763 
he  was  invited  by  Mr.  Charles  Towns- 
hetid  to  be  the  travelling  companion  of 
the  Duke  of  Buccleu^h,     In  the  fol- 
lowing year,  among  the  measures  of 
political  economy    which  led    to  the 
necesAity    of  ciuant'i|>atiug    America, 
there  was   one  which,    iia   177*i  was 
particularly  referred  to  aa  pointing  out 
the  benefit  that  might  be  derived  from 
a  reform  of  Parliament.     That  these 
salutary    measures    were    principally 
framed    by    the    Earl    of    Liverpool, 
then  Charles  Jenkinson,  is  probable,  a» 
he  had  been  the  confidential  servant 
of  Lord  Bute,  whom  he  succeeded  as 
the   most    cnntidential  servant  of  his 
Majesty.     In   1763  he  was  made  Se- 
cretary to  the  Treasury,  on  the  retire- 
ment of  Lord  Bute,  to  whom  he  had 
been    private   secrutary.     The    funda- 
mental maxim  uf  Adam  Smith's  poli- 
tical economy,  which  has  served  ax  a 
basis  to  the  Liverpool  financial  policy. 
ia  that,  if  the  labourer  can  sometim«',8 
purchase   a    greater    and    sometimes 
only  a  smaller  quantity  of  necessaries 
with  his   labour,    it    is    always   their 
A-aluc  which  varies,  and  never  that  of 
the  labour  with  which   he   purchases 
them.     According  to  this  maxim,  the 
prosperity  of  the  labourer  must  depend 
entirely  on   low  prices.      If  there  be 
anv  truth  io  Adam  Smith's  assertion, 
that  labour   never   varies  in  value,  a 
!       rise  of  wage*  cannot  be  beneficial  to 
I        the  labourer,  since  it  must  be  mcrc- 
I        ly  nominal,  and  only  prove  that  the 
money  in  which  they  are  paid  is  de- 
preciated.   This  maxim  is  very  con- 
venient  to    philosophers  and   states- 
men, who,  having  nothing  to  sell,  and 
wishing  to  buy  cheap,  are  generally 
the  advocates  of  low  prices,  and  are 
naturally   hostile  to  paper  carrcdcy, 
which  raises  prices,  by  creating  addi- 
tional demand  for  labour  and  by  in- 
creasing  coosumptioQ      This   is    the 
raason  why  the  leasooa  of  your  coU 
lege  tutors  were  at  variance  with  the 
experience  of  your  father.     It  is  not 
unlikely  that  the  Earl  of  Bute,  whose 
I        attention   was  directed   to  more  sub' 
jects  than  he  could  thoroughly  inve«- 
tif^ale,  patronised  Adam  Smith  chiedy 
because  his  cloqnence  seemed  calcu- 
lated  to   exalt  the    character   of   his 
i        countrymen.      It  certainly    has  been 
^^^e  fate  of  Adam  Smith  to  be  more 
^^knerally  admired  than  be  has  been 


understood.  His  treatise  on  the  Wealth 
of  Nations,  which  formed  the  con- 
cluding part  of  his  lectures,  was  not 
published  before  177-*.  when  his  rcpu- 
tatiun  had  been  fully  established  by  his 
beautiful  and  eloquent  Moral  Senti- 
ments, which  were  printed  several 
years  before. 

in  April  176'4,  various  duties  were 
imposed  by  the  British  Parliament  on 
goods  imported  into  America,  and  it 
ordered  the  money  from  these  dntietr 
to  be  paid  in  specie  into  the  British 
exchequer,  to  the  entire  drawing  off ' 
the  little  money  which  might  happea 
to  remain  in  those  colonies,  Mr, 
Burke,  after  mentioning  this  in  the 
Annual  Register  for  17t^'),  added,  "as 
though,  however,  the  best  way  to  curer  i 
an  emaciated  body  whose  juices  hap- 
pen to  be  tainted,  was  to  leave  it  no 
juices  at  all,  within  a  fortnight  after, 
another  law  was  passed,  to  hinder 
those  wi etched  colonics  from  supply. 
tog  the  demand  of  money  for  tiieir 
internal  wants,  by  preventing,  such 
paper  bills  of  credit  as  might  after  be 
issued,  from  being  made  a  legal  tender 
in  payment,  and  the  payment  of  such 
bills  as  were  actually  subsisting,  from* 
being  prolonged  beyond  the  period  for 
calling  in  the  same."  Very  similar  was 
the  method  of  reforming  abuses  at 
home,  in  which  you  took  a  part  under 
the  late  Earl  of  Liverpool,  who,  whea 
the  agriculturai  districts  were  drained  < 
of  their  gold  currency  to  pay  interest' 
to  the  annuitants  and  mortgagees  who 
reside  in  the  metropolis,  would  not 
allow  the  deficiency  to  be  supplied 
with  silver  in  conformity  with  bis 
own  act  of  1816,  and  finally  deprived 
the  agriculturist  of  his  only  remaining 
resource — the  small -note  currency. 

The  proclamation  required  by  the^ 
Act  of  1816  for  allowing  all  persons  toj 
obtain  silver  coin  from  the  Mint  at  thftj 
old  Mint  price,  has  been  withheld  for 
the  purpose  of  limiting  the  quantity  of 
silver  coin. 

It  was  observed  in  the  Westminster 
Magazine  for  1 774,  as  an  argument  for 
a  reform  of   Parliament,  that  it  ^ 
owing  to  a  want  of  merchants  in 
House   that   the    bill   for   restrainic 
{tajier  credit  in  America  was  brougl 
in  ;  and  it  was  no  small  disgrace 
the  House  that  there  were  petitioc 
against  it  presented  from  most  of  the' 
agents  of  the  Colonics,  as  an  impru- 


Remarks  on  the  Currency. 


fe. 


dent  and  hurtrul  scheme.     It  is  true 
that,    by  the   purchase  of  boroughs, 
some  mcrchaata  and  bankers  did  ob- 
tain adrutssioa    into  the    House,   but 
they  were    mostly  of  that  class  who 
considered  the  extension  of  pa[)cr  cur- 
rency as  injurious   to  themselves   by 
lowering  the  rate  of  interest,  and  by 
encouraging  competition  in  the  trades 
they  wiahed  to  monopolise.     In  1765, 
nearly  at  the  same  lime  with  the  Ame- 
rican Stamp  Act,  was    passed  a   bill 
to  prevent  the  inconveniences  arising 
from    the    present  method  of  issuing 
bills    and     notes    in     Scotland.      It 
enacted,    that    no    bank    or    banker 
should  issue  notes  after  15  May,  1766, 
containing  optional  clauses ;  no  bank 
or  banker  can  issue  notes  under  twenty 
shilliags.    "  Upon  these  restrictions," 
it  was  observed,  in  the  Annual  Register 
for  that  year,  "  several  objections  have 
been  raised:    First,  the  aboli<.hiag  of 
the  optional  clause,  will  occasion  a  run 
on  the  banks;    and  the   limitmg  the 
sums  not  less  than  twenty  shillings, 
will  occasion  universal   distress.      In 
the  remote  parts  of  Scotland,  the  seat 
of  the  linen  manufacture,  the  want  of 
silver  haa  become  a  great  interruption 
to   busiaess,    which    was  in    a  great 
measure  remedied  by  these  little  notes  : 
if  the8<?  are   suddenly  abolished,   the 
paper  credit  of  Scotland  will  receive  a 
death- wound.     The  value  expressed  is 
due  from  somebody  to  the  banks.     If 
the  bonks  are  called  upon  to  pay  such 
notes,  they  have  no  means  of  answer- 
ing the  demand  but  by  forcing  it  out 
of  their  oebtora.     It  is' not  the  Bank, 
but  the  inhabitants  of  the  country  that 
will  suffer   the   distress."      In   advo- 
cating these  redtricliona  on  paper  cur- 
rency, and  the  subsequent  prohibition 
of  two  and  one-pound  notes,  .Mr.  Jen- 
kinsoa    was    evidently  misled   by  the 
maxim   of  Adam    Smith,    which    he 
quoted  thirty  years  afterwards  in  his 
Letter  nn  the  Coins,  that  paper  cur- 
rency could  only  supply  the  place  of 
the  coin  that  would  otherwise  circulate, 
and  ought  not  to  exceed  that  amount. 
His    supposition,   that  it  always  ex- 
pelled ao   equal   amount  of  coin,  was 
founded  upon  ao  ignorance  of  the  fact, 
that,  previous  to  its  first  introduction, 
the  clothiers  had  been  obliged  to  pay 
their  workmen  with  goods  in  conse- 
qucQcc  of  the  scarcity  of  coin  ;   ^d, 
sccondlv,  that  the  f«ciUtv  givcu  h\  *. 
6 


small-note  currency  to  the  paymesK 
wages,  by  increasing  the  exportatiM 
of  manufactures,  increases  the  impor- 
tation of  gold  and  stiver.    If  it  enabled 
the  Yorkshire  clothier  to  export  goU 
in   1823    to   pay   for    foreign   wool,  il 
would  have  enabled   him   to  pufcbate 
back  a   much   larger    anaount.    if  tbr 
panic   had    not    prevented     him  froo 
working  it  up  ;  but,  though  paper  car. 
rency   docs     not    expel    the    prrcioa 
metals,  it  encoara^s  the    hoarc 
them,  it  increases  the  means  of  1 
ing  by  raising  wages   through  tl 
ditional   demand    for    labour   it 
sions.      High  wages,   by   enconr  _   ^ 
hoarding,  have  a  tendency  to  create*' 
scarcity  of  money,  which   has  there*  i 
fore  frequently   been    the   result  of 
great   and   sudden    extension    of 
manufactures.  Mr.  Pitt,  George  Roi^' 
who  thoroughly  understood  this  sab- 
ject,  (which  it  appears  that  Mr.  Jen- 
kinson  never  could  comprehend)  adopt- 
ed the  proper  remedies — the  circvW* 
tiun  of  small  notes,  and  the  eslahliafe* 
ment  of  saving  banks,  which  attswtr 
the  same  purpose   as  an    increase  at 
circulating  medium. 

Lord  Liverpool  adopted  the  oppoail* 
course  as  a  remedy  for  the  scarcity  of 
money  in  1^25,  and  for  the  mainte- 
nance of  his  policy  until  the  present 
day  we  are  principally  indebted  M 
yourself;  but  as  you  have  been  swajt^ 
only  by  arguments,  and  not  bv  inir* 
rested  motives,  as  you  are  the  avovcd 
champion  of  the  landed  interest,  and 
have  no  inducement  to  sacrifice  it  for 
the  benefit  of  the  owners  of  any  kind 
of  personal  property,  I  hope  this  a|»- 
peal  to  you  will  not  be  treated  wili 
contempt  or  neglect.  You  have  it  ia 
yourpower'togive  great  and  immedtatt 
relief,  by  making  the  proclamation  eo- 
juioed  by  the  Act  uf  1816;  oJlter  whick 
you  may  safely  allow  the  circolstioa 
of  notes  even  under  twenty  shtllian, 
without  any  apprehensions  of  a  p«juc. 

The  proper  method  of  relieving  the 
agriculturist  is  to  improve  the  roadl* 
tion  and  increase  the  consumption  of 
the  working  classes,  the  reformers  at 
Birmingham,  Sheffield,  Nottiaghaa, 
&c.  by  removing  the  restrictions  on  tht 
currency,  which  have  diminished  tbe 
demand  fur  their  labour. 


*  This   was  written    before    ||m 


MEMORIALS  OF  LITERARY  CHARACTERS.— N(X  VI. 


LCrrKKS  07  COXGRKTB  TO  TOVROX  TH  B  BOOKBKLLKa. 


THESE  letters  are  from  the  Bsme 
vnlumeof  transcripts  as  thos«  of  Addi- 
son, printed  m  our  Magazine  for  laat 
November,  VoL  H.  p.  463. 

"  Among  Jacob  Tonson't  paper* 
is  a  very  elegant  Epistle  by  Consjreve, 
addressed  to  Lord  Cobham,  in  imita- 
tion of  Horace  (Eplat.  I.  iv.)  beginning 
"  Sinccrcat  critick  of  my  prose  or 
rhime,"  said  to  be  transcribed  from 
the  Harl.  MSS. ;  but  I  have  not  in- 
Bcrlcd  it  here,  because  it  is  in  print, 
not,  I  think,  in  Conpreve'ij  works,  but 
in  A  Miacellanxf  on  Ttut^,  dvo.  printeti 
for  G.  Lawton,  1732."— Note  by  Mr. 
Malunc. 

'J"he  two  first  letters  were  evidently 
written  from  Tunbridge  Wells. 

DearMr.  Tonson,     yfu^.QO,  1795< 

I  thank  you  for  y'  letter  and  the 
kind  oflfcTS  iu  it ;  but  my  mother 
do's  nut  intend  tu  come  to  town  till 
I  write  her  wonl  that  I  am  leaving  this 
place.  I  am  very  glad  you  have  had 
so  much  satisfaction  in  the  countn,% 
and  that  Dr.  Hobba  has  improved  his 
health.  Mr,  Jekel  and  I  drank  y' 
health  ;  and  were  in  hopes  it  was  so, 
because  you  stayd  so  long.  1  think 
1  have  atlready  found  benefit  from 
these  waters ;  but  the  present  pros- 

r«t  of  w«tt  weather  disheartens  me. 
am  glad  yon  approve  so  much  of  my 
picture.  If  you  should  see  S'  Godfrey 
again  before  you  goe  out  of  town,  pray 
give  him  ray  service  ;  and  if  he  has  not 
(iniahiMl  the  picture,  give  him  a  hint ; 
fur  1  should  be  glad  it  were  don  Iwfore 
my  return.  I  thank  you  for  the  agree- 
able news  you  send  me.  1  hope  to 
hear  more  of  the  same  kind  every  post. 
1  am,  dear  Mr.  Tonsoa,  f  falthftil 
friend  and  servant, 

Wm.  CoNOaBVB. 

TbMON,  alt  Ike  JndgeM  Head, 
tkt  Jmner  TrmpU  Gatr,  in  Fleet - 
\Lomdom, 


^^KiSnti. 


D»  Mr.  Tonson, 


TWatfoy. 

I  write  this  only  to  «C()tiAint  that 

yMterday  i  received  the  things  which 

a  lent,  and  fur  which  1  thank  you  ; 

'  rvaaoa  of  their  delay  was  thai  they 

•  lavn  a  week  at  ScaocL     If  ihw 

III. 


^  «^ 


comes  time  enough,  I  would  have  it 
prevent  y'  sending  me  any  thing  else, 
for  I'm  afraid  my  health  will  call  me 
from  the  satisfaction  of  this  place,  to 
the  more  noisy  pleasures  (or  rather 
conveniencye)  of  Knsom.  1  liave  a 
continual  heat  in  the  palms  of  my 
hands,  which  I  believe  those  waters 
are  better  for  than  Tunbridge  ;  I  shall 
leave  this  place  with  great  regrett, 
having  never  in  my  life  been  better 
pleased  for  the  time.  If  I  am  necessx-^ 
tated  to  come  away,  it  will  be  eithc 
the  Utter  end  of  this  week  or  be»] 
ginning  of  the  next.  You  need  nc 
take  notice  of  it,  for  I  would  go  to 
Epbom  without  being  much  seen  ia 
town.  I  should  be  glad  if  your  occa- 
sions would  give  you  leave  to  go  thi- 
ther for  a  day  or  two.  I  am,  ly  Mr. 
ToDsoo,  y'  aflTcctionate  friend  and  ser- 
vant, W.  CoNGaavB. 

I  thank  you  for  giving  my  scrvic 
to  Dr.  Ilobbs.     Pray  repeat  it.  and  to 
whom  else  you  think   it  may  be  ac- 
ceptable. 

To  Mr.  Tmtm  att  tU  J^Sfti  Head,  bt 
Ckameery-Uime,  Londom. 


Dear  Mr.  Tonson, 


London, 
Julf  1,  1703. 
My  having  been  at  the  Bath  pre- 
Tented  my  receiving  your  letter  so 
BOone  as  I  shold  have  don  had  1  been 
in  town ;  and  I  was  in  hopes  you 
would  have  been  heie  before,  but  by 
your  staying  so  much  longer  I  hope 
you  will  due  yourbaisiuesse  efifectually. 
1  shewd  your  letter  to  my  Lord  Hali- 
fax, and  desired  him  to  do  you  right 
to  S'  Harry  Furnes.*  I  hope  the  wea- 
ther will  continue  fair  for  y'  return, 
since  it  is  changed  so  much  for  the  bet- 
ter. J  thank  you  for  the  care  and  trouble 
you  have  token  about  my  lionen ; 
1  coud  wish  for  halfe  a  dozen  a  degree 
coarser  if  y*  time  and  leisore  peimita 
you.  Your  nephew  told  me  of  coptea 
that  were  dispersed  of  the  Pastoral,  and 
likely  to  be  printed ;  so  we  have 
thought  (it  to  prevent  'em,  and  print  it 

•  Alderman  of  Landoa,  created  a  Ba- 
ronet m  lilC. 

4  I 


»10 


Family  of  Dr.  Doane. 


[J« 


I 


[oureeivcB.*   1  believe  BorD-elius  w^nts      wa*  tlie  father  of  twelve  children,  of 
■voa,  and  1  long  to  see  it;  but  dan"t      -whom  six  died  in  cila  jmtriit.     Of  Um 


care  to  satisfie  my  cnriosity  before  you 
rnmc.  My  humble  service  to  Mr. 
Addison.  I  am  y*  most  faithfull  and 
affectionately.        Will".  CorfGRivE. 

To  Mr.  Tontou,  at  Mr.  Moor'g,  the  Eng- 
linh  fJoruc,  near  the  Fithmarkel,  .-tm- 
ktrrdam. 


I 


Dear  Mr.  Tonson. 

My  Kinsman  Coll.  Congreve  desires 
by  me  that  you  would  do  him  the 
favour  to  lend  him  my  picture  to  have 
a  copy  taken  of  it.  I  am  surt;  there 
will  be  great  care  taken  of  it. 

I  am  »orr)-  I  am  not  in  town  now 
you  are,  to  nave  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
you.  I  hope  you  are  wcH.  I  am, 
with  unalterable  esteem  and  friend- 
fthip,  dear  Jacob,  ever  yours, 

Wm.  Congreve. 

August  %th.  1723. 


Lettsr  to  Tonson, 
probably  ffom  Henrietta,  Duchess 
of  Marlborough ;  and  the  picture  Con- 
ereve's.  (Note  by  Mr.  Maione.)  The 
Duchess  wajs  Congreve's  principal 
legatee,  and  erected  his  monument  in 
Westminster  Abbey. 

Sir, 

I  know  'tis  mAy  the  sett  of  those 
picture*  that  your  uncle  values,  and 
not  y'  I  woald  pive  the  world  for; 
therefore  sure,  except  'tis  purely  out 
of  ill-nature,  and  having  no  re- 
spect for  that  picture,  he  would 
change  with  me  for  an  originall  one 
off  Sir  Godfrey  Knellars,  just  the 
aaincsizu  off  the  Kittcat  ones.  1  wish 
this  WM  in  your  power,  I  am,  Sir, 
your  humble  Servant, 

Novem.  y*  29th,       M&RLBOBotoit. 
1729. 

Family   op  Dr.  Doxne. 

IN  perusing  "  honest  Uaak's"  ad- 
mirable  Life  of  Doone,  the  celebrated 
Dean  of  St.  Paul's,  the  genealogiai 
will  remark  the  singular  omission  of 
all  mention  of  the  Doctor's  children ; 
whose  names  ewo  arc  not  chronicled. 

VV»  are  merely  informed   tint  he 

"  Riime-elm.4,  nr«r  Putnrr,  where  Ton- 
<on  huJU  his  cxHcry  for  the  picturrs  of 
tbr  Kir-Cat  Club. 


latter  I  have  been  able  to  discover  i;at 
only — Letlicc,  burittl  at  the  church  of 
St.  Giles,  Cambcrwell,  on  tbe  {Kh 
January,  lfla6.-f 

John,  eldest  son  of  the  Dean,  is  wf 
ao  well  known  but  that  some  account 
may  be  here  given  of  him.  He  wa« 
born  about  the  year  1604,  and  is  men- 
tioned in  his  father's  will  (doted  I3ih 
Dec.  1630,  and  proved  in  the  P.  C.  t. 
on  the  5th  April,  in  the  folloniri 
year),  together  with  hU  brother  a 
four  sisters.  He  was  educate 
Westminster,  and  Chrisl  church, 
ford,  and  afterwards,  being  LL.l 
Padua,  was  incorporated  in  the 
degree  at  the  former  university, 
30.  1638.  Anthony  a  Wood  hi 
a  severe  character  of  him  in  I 
Oxon.  stating  that  "  he  pr 
better  all  his  lifetime  than  ao 
cal  buffoon,  a  baotercr,  and  a 
of  over  free  though ta  :  yet  vali 
Charles  II."  it  is  added  that 
is  no  doubt  but  he  was  a  man  af 
sense  and  parts."  He  wrote  sc 
poetical  trifles,  some  of  whicl 
enumerated  in  the  Foati  (edit.  Bli 
t.  5C3.  He  died  in  the  winter 
1662.  and  was  buried  near 
standing  dial  in  the  yard  at  tba 
end  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent  Gi 
Whether  he  was  married  is  not  st 
by  any  biographer ;  but  it  is  a 
pirobabl*  he  was  the  same  John 
who  was  married  to  Mary  Stapl. 
Camberwell  church,  27  March,  14 

Geoige  Donne,  decoad  sou 
Dean,  was  baptized  May  9,  1( 
Camberwell,  and  i»  described 
father's  funeral  certificatej  as 
and  Serjeant -Major  of  all  the 
the  Isle  of  St.  Christopher.  He 
ried,  and  had  a  daughter  Margarrt. 
baptized  at  Camberwell,  March  99, 
1637-8. 

Constance,  eldest  daughter  of  |]m 
Dean,  was  max  ried  first  to  Edwmtt 
AUeyo*.  Esq.  founder  n''  *' -  '  'lejr 
called  "  God's  gifl "  at  i  xmi 

to  him,  whom  she  brougt..  .. 
portion  of  500/.^  she  was 


Pahah  Bnpitrr. 

f,,ll        A I       .1, 


ho  A 

tioncd  oaly  «■  her 


iuft  liusiMnd. 


f  I 

IOC  I 


1835.3 


Edward  Hanius,  M,D. — Cavendish  Family. 


Cl| 


C'amherwell  Church,  Dec.  3.  lCa3.* 
Her  second  hQ»bftDiI  wa<«  Samuel  Hiir- 
vey.  Ksq.  of  Abury  Hatch,  Esst-Jt, 
grandson  of  Alderman  Sir  Janic$,  and 
nephevv  of  Sir  Sebastian  Marvi-y.  She 
was  married  to  him  also  at  Carobor- 
well,  Juu*  24.  1630;  and  had  issue 
three  sons,  John,  Thomas,  and  James. 

Bridget  and  Margaret,  the  second 
and  third  daughters  of  the  Dean,  were 
unmarried  at  his  death.  The  former 
married  before  Jan.  J,  1634.  Thomas 
Gardiner,  Esi|. of  Peckh«n>. ' 
digreemay  befound  iop.  1.'  d 

ToIumcoftheCollectancaTi  i 

et  Genealogita,  and  had  \-  .:. 

Frances,  and  Margaret.  The  latter  liad 
to  her  huaband  Sir  William  Bowles, 
and  was  mother  of  Margaret,  the  wife 
.of  Peter  Scott,  LL.D.  Canon  of  Wiod- 
8or.4  Elizabeth  was  the  name  of  the 
Dean'8  youngcat  daughter ;  but  of  her 
J  have  nothing  to  relate. 

The  information  1  have  collected  is 
^ertainly  of  little  value.  I  write  only 
IQ  the  hope  that,  the  subject  b«ini^ 
bruited,  we  may  hear  further  on  it 
from  some  other  correspondent.  The 
parish  registers  of  Piribrd  and  M itrbooi 
in  Surrey,  and  of  St.  Clement's  Danes, 
may  give  the  baptismal  notes  of  some 
of  the  Doctor's  children,  and  the 
burial  entries  of  the  five  who  died 
during  the  life  of  their  mother. 

CamUnetU.  G.  S.  S. 


N©TiCE«  or  Edw,  Hai»mks,  M.D. 

Edward  llaaoe),  M.D.  is  mentionvd 
in  Gent.  Mag.  for  la«t  Nov.  p.  46.1. 
as  having  published  only  one  pamph- 


let, an  "  Account  of  the  Dinsection  of 
the  Duke  of  Northumberland."     Pr«?- 
tixed  to  Sydenham's  Srhcdula  Mottilo' 
ria  df  Nufa  Ft>ftriM  Iu</rf»*u  there  is  %; 
Lyric  Porm  in  I^atin.  addre»aed  to  hii 
by  Dr.  Maniirs.  which  possesses  much:] 
more   of  porijcal    beauty   than    com>| 
monly  belong-  im  mi  h  laudatory  rffu- 
sions  from  ,  iJs.     Sydenham  I 

cared  but  lit  ok  learning,  and] 

held  in  contempt  the  dogmas  of  thft] 
school,  and  the  antiquated  methods  o( 
cure  which  had  descended  from  physi- 
cian to  physician,  no  discrimination 
being  employed  in  determining  their 
real  vaine.  and  no  examination  entered  I 
into  rcs[jectJng  their  actual  properties] 
and  use.     Sydenham  thought  for  him- 
self;   and   his  acutcncss  in   detecting' 
symptoms,  and  thereby  discovering  tlve 
nature  of  the  disease,   and  the  moat 
effectual  method  of  administering  suit* 
able  remedies,  was  admirable,  and  is 
well  allud«d  to  in  the  following  lines t 

8tc  te  4cirnti>in  uon  fa(;iunr  libri 
Et  doj^ma  puJrhrum  ;  «ed  sapientia 
Raata  rdbus,  mensque  farti 
Esperieus,  animu!>qae  frlLs. 

Ni>n  millc  planlic,  et  multa  donu  vitrs, 
t^nrMpir  efntnm,  aul.  hyiiothesit  plarcMi 
Prii»iiiit  medenCi,  vcl  foerrfiit 
Sitrva  luis  oiala,  los  fehria; 

Ni  pectus  adsit  ronnlit  potens. 
Ni  plena  nigis  expcrientia, 
Uanaqite  natoram  serutiis 

Uuid  faceret  muneaot  in  anrrm. 

indeed,  the  whole  Po«m  will  well 
repay  the  reader  for  the  few  raiautca 
its  perusal  retiaircs. 

B.  S.  G.  S.  'l\opayffp»3Tos^ 


AMM9   AWD    riMtLY    OP    rAVBKOISH. 


ma.  UHBAM.  ^^^  ^^ 

I  SEND  you  a  drawing  of  a  piece 
of  aocient  sculpture  recently  disco- 
vered, which  mnv  pmbably  throw 
some  light  on  the  ni^tory  of  a  person 
jown  to  r.i  '  '  t'rtainly  tends  to 

rove  tiic  i:  ,  at  an  early  pe- 

1,  of  the  tiuuiu  latudy  of  Cavendish- 


In  the  Archvologia.   vol.   ii.    i«   ■ 
cotniiiunication  from  th«*  lat*  Thnm.i» 
Rugglcs,  E^'! 
tory  of  the  ( 

nected  with  tne  viii,(t;c  ui    ' 
in  this  county.     After   pr*- 
the  manor  of  Overhall  in  t.  i ,   inj,;.jj 
])a»ed   tn   13')9   from   tlw   family    of 
Odvngneles   to   Sir   John   Caveodiah, 


n.^.i.  xi^,,.t 


"i/   I 


.f  ,*, 


..r.f  ^n,  ?  of  this  work  (p.  51*) 

niarria^rji  of  Ailcjn*. 

I    'iioe'k  eldest  too,  is  •• 

■(••uUt  »ii(i  buriAl  of  one  Joha  Dunne, 

.1,  Ifll9. 

."},  |.  nu-  .late  here  Cited  is  th«f  of  the  bajitism  of  ker 

Bsrripfiup  on  the  tomb  of  Dr.  Scott,  ip  Cam'Trrw*-!!  Church. 


Ctlie/Javticc  of  the  King's  Bench  (who 
wan  brhefuled  at  Bur)'  St.  Edraand'a 
by  Wat  Ty|pf'»  moh).  and  the  advow- 
aoa  and  other  lands  in  CavcDdis^h, 
froB  Sir  John  Clinton,  in  1370.  he 
Baattooa  that  in  a  house  on  the  Green 
OMjr  bf  aean  three  ttonen,  each  about 
a  root  tqaare.  having  the  arrot  of  Ca- 
▼rndikh  quartered  with  another  family. 
I  bcR  In  observe  that  the  other  faaily 
ia  Sntith.  and  the  shields  are  stucco 
act  stone. 

In  repairing  this  old  house  lately, 
and  converting   it   into  several  tene- 
ments, the  sculpture,  of  which  I  send 
you  a  drawing,  wiw  found  in  front  of 
a  large   chimney,   within   the   hou«ie, 
walled  up  with  piaster  ;   prohahJy  this 
chimney  was  the  only  part  of  the  pre- 
sent building  which  remained  of  the 
mansion  once  occupied   by  the   Ca- 
vendishes,   Tile   carving   is   in   alto> 
relievo,  on  grey  clunch  stone,  painted. 
It  is  eight  inches  in  thickness,  in  width 
3  ft,  1  in.  and  in  height  2  ft.,  in  excel- 
lent pre»crvalinn,  except  the  head  of 
one  of  the  supporters,  which  is  lost. 
The    arms  are,    Sable,    three    stag's 
heads     caboBscd    Argent,     Cavendith, 
uuartcring   Arg.   a  chcvroo   between 
three  cross -crossleta  Gu.  SmUh,  and 
impaling  Argent,  a  chevron  l»etween 
three   mascles  CJu,    which  I    take  to 
be    Spring.     The   initials   G.    C.    are 
very  visible  in  gilding,  over  the  arms, 
fburaos    (Vendish,    Clo,  t    ..(*    »»-. 
•ipe  in  the  Exchequer,  >v 
[544,  married  Alice,  daugl.i 
teireas  of  John  Smith,  ot   1 
Ial1»  ia  Cavendish,  who  borc^ 
of  Smith,  as  above   George* 


the  eldest  son  of  this  marria^«  dird 
seized   of  the   manor   of   Cascaifiak* 

Overhall,  about  1562.  Th*  akMi 
with  the  eyelet-hole,  is  of  tbc  thtft 
used  at  the  foHf  p*-riod  of  hia  ter. 
and  the  initials  "  O.  C."  canaot.  I 
think,  be  applied  to  aoy  other  de* 
ffcendant  of  Thomas  Cavendish  and 
Alice  Smith,  unless  we  suppusc  ihfG 
is  intended  for  "  Oulielma*,"  the  puuit 
on  which  has  arisen  all  the  diMiirt  aad 
discussion  respecting  the  wrritrr  of  the 
Cardinal's  Life,  the  MS.  being  ci| 
by  the  author  in  several  places  "  CC* 
In  the  receat  edition  by  Mr.  Siiurr, 
of  Cavendish's  Life  of  C^dinal  Wol- 
»cy.  and  the  dissertation  bv  the  Rrv. 
Joseph  Hunter,  F.S.A.  there  reprint- 
ed, it  is  clearly  proved  tJiat  this  Gtvrjt 
Cavendish  was  the  Gentleman  U«h«f 
of  Cardinal  Wolsey,  and  his  fattbfiil 
friend  and  historian,  and  not  his 
younger  and  more  fortunate  brother. 
Sir  William,  the  immcdinle  ancestor 
of  the  noble  family  of  Cavendish. 

It  is  known  that  Cicftrge  CnvendiUl 
married  Margcrj'  Kcrap   (daughter  of 
William   Kerap,   of  Spain's    Hall 
Esi*ex,  by  Mary  Colt  hia  wife,  sisi 
to  Jane,  first  wife  of  Sir  Thomas  Moi 
Lord  Chancellor),  and  if  the  ini 
on  the  sculpture  now  discovered  all 
to  him,   he  muikt  have  married   i: 
u,.,  .1,^    (,..m\Y.  the   anD«   of  K' 
\y,  tWftmnaX,    and   I  think 


18350 


Hnren  on  the  a$tcient  Commerce  oflmUn. 


o\:i 


ed  in  the  acco^ints  of  the  family,  not 
having  lefl  issue.  It  appears  that 
Margery  Kemp  must  have  been  his 
lost  wife,  as  he  is  said  to  have  spent 
his  latter  days  in  the  house  of  the 
Kemps,  The  arms  impaled  are  those 
Ueed  by  the  Spiiags  of  Pakenham,.  io 
this  county,  who  became  Daronets, 
and  wece  descended  from  Thoroaa 
Spring  of  Lavenham,  who  died  1 486. 
LavL-nharo  is  about  seven  miles  from 
Cavendish,  and  the  Spring  were  very 
wealthy  clothiers,  and  intermarried 
with  the  t>e  Veres,  ElarU  of  Oxford. 


The  elegant  scrolls  over  the  arms 
may  have  had  the  Cavendiah  motto  of 
"  Caveodo  Tuloa,"  but  it  does  not 
now  appear,  and  I  think  that  it  may 
have  been  defaced  by  the  thorough 
ftcrubbing  given  to  the  sculpture  before 
I  bad  an  opportunity  of  examining  it. 
I  am  sure  some  of  your  reailers  will 
be  glad  to  know  that  this  relic  is 
likely  to  be  preserved  by  the  most 
noble  family  whose  ancestors  uu- 
t  to  garnish  their  hall 


doubted  I y  had 

centuries  Ago. 

Yours,  &c. 


Richard  Almack. 


PROFESSOR  HEEREN  ON  THE  ANCIENT  COMMERCE  OF  INDIA. 


n 


The  following  treatise,  by  Professor  Heeren  of  Gottingen,  on  the  ancient 
trade  with  India,  with  which  we  have  been  kindly  favoured  by  Sir  Alexander 
JohmtuH,  will  afford,  we  think,  some  valuable  hints  which  the  scholar  and  trn- 
vellcr  may  alike  pursue;  while  the  classical  studies  of  the  one,  and  the  perso- 
nal discoveries  of  the  other,  will  unite  with  success  to  the  promotion  of  truth. 

Tu  a  treatise  of  Professor  Heeren  laid 
before  the  Royal  Society,  was  entitled 
*'  Conamina  ad  explicanda  nonnuUa 
Hifltftriie  Mercaturse  Antiqua?  capita." 
It  contained  attempts  to  lay  down  the 
earliest  traces  of  some  branches  of  the 
commerce  of  antiquity,  but  by  no 
means  to  give  a  connected  account  of 
them.  The  articles  in  question  are  all 
of  Aaiatic,  and  mostly  Indian  origin. 
They  are  the  following  : — rhubarb, 
beetle,  opium,  attar  of  roses,  and 
shawhwool,  and  its  country. 

Rhubarb. — This  inquiry  arose  from 
the  very  instructive  treatise  of  Profes- 
sor C.  Kitter  in  his  Asia,  (second 
book,  B.  I.  S.  179—186.)  out  of  which 
first  some  notices  were  extracted,  in 
order  to  link  the  subsequent  inquiry 
to  it.  The  country  of  genuine  rhu- 
barb is  the  high  chain  of  mountains 
which  separates  China  from  Tangut 
or  Codchotay.  particularly  the  coun- 
try round  about  the  Coco-nor-See — 
though  it  is  also  found  in  the  Hima- 
laya, but  not,  as  was  formerly  be- 
lieved, on  Altai  and  in  Siberia. 
There  the  inhabitants  annually  col- 
lect and  dry  the  root,  and  uend  it 
in  great  packets  to  China,  and  from 
thence  it  is  brought  to  Kachta. 
J^rtv  is  no  doubt  that  rhubarb  was 
Roman  Empire.  Theprin- 
in  Aramian.  Marcellin. 
tti  vicious  Rha  amnis 


(theWolga)  in  cujus  superciliis  quiedam 
vcgetabilia  ejusdem  nominis  gignilur 
radix,  prohcieos  ad  ueus  multiplices 
medelarum."  The  only  mistake  arose 
from  seeking  the  country  of  the  root  on 
the  upjjer  side  of  the  Rha;  where  it  was 
only  brought  by  harharoM  i/mtet,  and 
from  thence  it  came  over  the  Ca&pian 
sea  into  the  Roman  empire.  To  this 
the  author  now  limits  his  own  imtui- 
ries — they  turn  upon  a  passage  of  the 
Periplus  maris  Erythrese — at  the  con- 
clusion of  this  work,  which  wa<  written 
by  one  Arrian.  a  merchant,  probably 
of  Alexandria,  who  trafficked  in  Indian 
goods,  and  himself  visited  India — only 
the  Malabar  coast,  probably  not  the 
Coromaudel  coast,  and  certainly  not 
the  interior  of  the  continent,  about 
which  he  only  communicate*;  some 
traditions  that  must  be  considered  a« 
traditions  only,  and  not  observations. 
After  he  has  spoken  of  the  countn^-  of 
the  Ganges,  he  goes  to  the  conclusion 
of  thetrcatise,  accordingto  the  emenda- 
tiona  of  Salmasius  (ad  Solin.  p.  T^A). 
"  Beyond  this  country  tothe north,  lies, 
in  the  country  of  the  Sine*e,  a  large  city 
called  Thina,  from  whence  theiilk&tufls 
are  brought  to  Fiarqiiaza.  through  Hac- 
tria,  by  land  tn  Limyrica ;  it  is  not  easy 
to  reach  thiA  city  of  Thiua,  and  there  are 
few  that  return  thence.  This  country 
lies  un<ler  the  little  bear,  and  should 
touch  the  end  of  the  sea  of  Pontus  and 


014 


4fierM  OR  the  ancient  Cummfrce  of  India. 


[J«c., 


the  Caspian  eea,  where  the  lake  Ma-- 
olis  opens  Into  ihe  ocean.  Every 
year,  however,  there  comes  to  the 
confiaes  of  Thina  a  nation  with  ill. 
sbapen  bodies,  broad  face6,  and  flat 
bosca — they  are  called  Senates,  and 
are  half  wild — they  come,  however, 
with  their  wives  and  children,  and  carry 
great  builhens  in  mats,  that  look  as 
if  they  were  platted  with  the  vine — 
they  remain  in  one  place  on  the  bor- 
der in  the  neighbourhood  of  Thina — 
they  stay  some  days,  and  celebrate 
feasts,  lying  on  their  mats,  and  then 
go  back  again  into  the  interior  of 
their  countr)' ;  then  come  the  people 
of  1  bina.  take  away  their  mats,  and 
draw  out  of  these  mats  tlircads  that 
they  call  pctrag.  and  that  they  wind 
together  in  the  shape  of  a  ball — from 
this  proceed  the  three  kinds  of  mola- 
batturums ;  out  of  the  great, the  hadros- 
pha:rum  J  out  of  the  middling,  the  mc- 
Bophaerum ;  out  of  the  little,  the  mi- 
croapbierum,  which  are  then  brought 
to  India."  From  this  passage  clearly 
proceed  the  following  results.  The 
beginning  of  it  treats  of  a  commerce 
that  was  carried  on  on  Ihe  north- 
west side  of  China,  by  a  people  who 
belonged  to  the  Mogul  stem  ;  who.  ac- 
cording to  the  description,  were  a  no- 
madic people,  who  dwelt  in  the  bor- 
dering part  of  Mongoiey,  in  Tangut  or 


So  it  should  appear  that  the 

tions  of  the  place,  (let  the  n 

a  look  on  the  position  of  the 

See  and  the  city  of  Siuingup 

of  the  people,  of  the  traiisportalum 

the  wares,  and  of  the  murket.  i 

and  that  the  name  of  the  ware 

remains  to  be  added  ;   and  here  li 

difficulty — instead  of  rhaborb,  tnthr- 
bath  rum  (that  is  beetle)  i*   named 
the  last  half  of  the    pa^sagv.     Nc 
however,  it  is   knowro   that   beetle 
the  product  of  a  hot  climate,  and  c« 
not   possibly  be   brought  from  Hi 
golcy   to    China.      This    Jed 
tbur   by   his   inquiries    on  1 
its   comnaerce,   to  the   discos 
Arrian,  who  here  merely  rcpe. 
ditions,  but  does  not  spiuJi  «• 
witness,    has    confused     the    two 
counts,  and  applied  to  beetle  what 
related  to  him  of  rhubarb  ;  this  he  ( 
consider  to   be  the  right  explana 
till    a   better   (which   Vincent   has  ia 
vain  in  his  commcotaries  attempt(<> 
be  offered.  The  author  did  nut  «u{qio» 
that  rhubarb  was  the  article,  becaow 
accurate  accounts  of  the  arrangei 
this  branch  of  coouuerce  were 
to  him.  If  the  given  explanation  U\-i^ 
cepted,  the  roads  of  this,  traific  are  tsf* 
ficJently  marked.     One  need  not  trou- 


ble   oneself  about   the    present    road 
over  Siberia,  for  Kiachta  for  a  ceutnr) 
Coschutay,  and  the  neighbourhood  of     past  has  been  appointed  as  the  place 
the  Coco-nor-Scc,  and  who  came  from     of  traffic;    the    chief    road     is    thai 
thence  with  an  article  of  commerce  in     through  the  middle  of  Asia,  over  thr 


large  bundles  to  the  confines  of  China, 
where  they  held  their  market,  and  the 
market  people  of  the  city  of  Thina  came 
to  exchange  the  goods — all  this  applies 
itself  to  the  rhubarb  traffic.  The  city 
of  Thina  is  the  Chinese  border-city, 
Sining,  according  to  Pallas,  the  chief 
place  of  the  rhubarb  tratfic,  and 
atill,  according  to  the  reports  of  the 
Jesuits,  a  large  commercial  city.  The 
Sesatea  arc  the  Tanguten  inhabitants 
of  the  Coco-nor-See  ;  they  come  with 
thctr  bundles,  but  dare  not  (ta^sa  the 
boundary,  and  most  hold  their  market 
on  the  outside  of  the  Great  Wall.  So 
it  was,  according  to  the  testimony  of 
Martini,  in  the  seventeenth  centurj*. 
The  ani>>a5Bador  who  brought  presents 
(according  to  the  Chinese  expree>5ion, 
trifnttc)  to  Pekin,  alone  dar<d  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  court ;  and  during  his 
journey,  those  who  accompanied  him 
found  tioM  to  carry  on  toeir  traffic. 


Caspian  sea.  and  the  Wolga  or  tiit 
Black-sea,  already  known  to  Aamiaa. 
Marcellinub;  but  the  close  of  the  pas- 
sage— which  cannot  be  applied  t* 
beetle,  that  certainly  never  came  to 
Europe  as  a  war* — pruvcis  that  also 
another  road  ran  over  Uactna  to  Ma- 
labar,  which,  now  that  wc  receive  rha- 
barb  from  the  East  Indies,  will  bt 
needed  again.  The  result  of  this  in- 
quiry is.  tltat  the  hr^t  half  of  the  paa- 
sage  of  the  I'eriplus  must  be  thus  ci- 
piained  ;  of  which  the  ttccoud.  how* 
ever,  refers  to  the  iKrctlc. 

flee/fc.  — That  beetle  is  th«  thing 
spoken  of  in  ih'-  n.i,.:,  •"  <<f  »K..  »».  ,...1^^ 
is  certain  ;  a»  ^  ax 

molabothruia  ^.i     j  -„, ^4 

Solin.  p.  754,  has  proved,  where  alao 
the  other  passages  are  collected,)  £i 
U'ctlc.  Tltc  best  d^acriptuiii  wc  owi 
to  Kampfer,  tn  the  Ama-nitatibut  Es- 
oticis,p.64r:  "It  consists  of  thtbMtk 


m 


1835.] 


Btetle — Opium. 


615 


leaf,  in  which  the  piece  of  OD  areca- 
nut  h  mixed  with  aoine  lime  out  of 
oyster  and  niuscle  sheila,  and  so  put 
into  the  oit>uth  and  chewed.     Out  of 
the  beetle  leaves,  during  the  prcpani- 
tion,  the  fibres  that  are  hard  and  rough 
aretir9t<lrawn  to  the  leaf;  the  form  of 
a  little   horn  is  then  given,  0[>en   at 
the  buttom,   and  pointed   at  the  top, 
which  when  the   areca>nut  ia  inserted 
i$  closed,  and  so  chewed."     Not  only 
the  name,  but  also  the   preparation, 
■will  bo  given   in   our  passage;   lliey 
draw,  it  is  said,  the  fibres  first  outof  the 
leaves   {(frvWa),  roll  these  then   toge- 
ther, aod  make  little  halls  out  of  them  ; 
the    purified    leaves   are  called  betre, 
from  which  certainly  the  name  mala- 
bathrum  (betre  of  Malabar)  is  derived. 
There  are  three  sorts  of  beetle,   dis- 
tinguished   by   the    above-mentioned 
names,  that  are  given  from  the  largc- 
UC93  or  the  tenderness  of  the  leaves, 
about  which  we  have  found   no   ex- 
piaaalion  in  later  writers.     If  it  is  now 
proved  that  the  last  half  of  the  passage 
of  Peri  plus  treats  of  the  beetle,  so  it 
follows  that  the  use  of  the  same  was 
already  commonly  spread  through  In- 
dia.    Whether  it  reached  up  to  great 
antiquity,  must,  however,  remain  un- 
decided.    In  the  Sanscrit  writings  that 
are   known  to  us,    tliere   appears  no 
distinct  account  of  it ;  unles.^i  people 
will  accept  as  an  account  of  it,  in  the 
description   of  the   great   banquet   in 
Ramajana,    1.   p.  4'i3,    the  dishes   to 
rhew  that  are  mentioneil  among  others. 
Opium. — Opium  is  now  so  important 
an  object  of  commerce  in  the  Bast,  par- 
ticularly through  the  importation   to 
China  from  Bengal,    which    all    the 
prohibition*  of  government  could  not 
hinder,  (and  when  the   monopoly   of 
the   Eait  India  Company  ceases,  will 
become  yet  more  so,)  that  the  inquiry 
about    its    origin   becomes  a   matter 
of  high  interest.    It  is,  it  is  true,  now 
produced  in  many  lands  of  south  and 
middle  Asia ;  but  yet  Bengal  must  be 
considered  as  the  chief  country  of  the 
■ame,  where  the  poppy  is  cultivated, 
from   which  it   is    prepared    in  such 
imeasurablc  quantities. 
The  earliest  traces  of  it  are  perhaps 
be  found  in  the  fragments  which 
^e  have  out  of  the  Indica  of  Ctesias, 
>  the  eiitract  of  I'hotius,  partly 
citations,  particularly  t'rom 
Historia  Animalium. 


Ctesias,  the  contemporary  of  Xcne- 
phon,  lived,  as  is  well  known,  as  phy- 
sician  in  great  consideration   at   the 
court  of  Artaierxes  11.  whom  he  had 
cured  of  an  illness.     Of  his  writings 
the  Indica  are  particularly  important^ 
a?  regards  our  inquiry.     It  is,  how- 
ever, the   more   necessary   to  inform 
ourselves  of  the  subject  of  this  work, 
as  in  the  following  article  it  will  be 
the  source  from  which  wc  draw  ;  it  is, 
however,  evidently  nothing  but  a  col- 
lection of  traditions,  which  went  all 
over  India  to  the  Persians,  and  in  this 
point  of  view  must  it  be  considered. 
India,  the  neighbouring  land  to   their 
empire,  with  which  tltey  stood  in  po- 
litical and  commercial   relations,  was 
to  them  the  land  of  marvels ;  and  as 
it      is     the     highest      mountain-land 
of  our  earth,   and  is   bo  rich  in    na- 
tural wonders,  can  we    be  surprised 
if  these   traditions   arc   often  pushed 
into  fable  i   and  can  we  hold  Ctesioa 
for  an  intentional  inventor,  if  he  re- 
peats them  as  he  heard  them }    They 
certainly,  however,  may    lead  to  im« 
portant  historical  explanations,  if  one 
is  in  a  position  to  find  out  the  truth 
in  the  tradition.  Tliis  must  then  be  our 
ta.sk.    The  fragment  which  in  our  opi- 
nion relates  to  opium,  is  found  in  the 
above-mentioned  work   of   vElian,  b. 
iv.  chapter  41.      It   is  as  follows; — • 
"  In  India  there  is  a  sort  of  bird  aa 
big  as  the  egg  of  a  partridge  ;  it  is  of 
a  yellow  colour,  and  makes  its  ne«t  oa 
the    mountains ;    the    Indians   call    it 
(dtmipof).     If  any  one  takes   of  the 
dung  of  these   birds,  so   much  aa 
grain  of  millet-seed,  and  in  the  morn-' 
ing  drinks  it  dissolved  in  water,  helj 
falls  asleep,  and  roust  die  in  the  even^ 
ing.     Poets,  however,  paint  it  as  tht 
sweetest  and  pleasantest  deitth  in  thtt 
world;   the  Indians  on  that  account' 
place  the  greatest  value  on  the  posses-.^ 
sion  of  the  same,  for  they  hold  it  ii^j 
fact  as  an  oblivion  of  evil ;  and  thaft'i 
the  King  of  India  sends  it  as  one  ot  j 
the  most  costly  presents  to  the  Per- 
sian   King,    who    treasures    it   as 
prefier\'ative  and    preventative   of  in- 
curable  ills  in  time   of  need  ;  Lhere^ 
fore,  among  the  Persiaus,  no  on<?  |>oi« 
scsses  it  but  the  King  and  the  KLogl 
mother."     Now,   is  it  opium  that 
treated  of  in  this  fragment }     If  it  dl 
not  begin  wiUi  the  fabulous  account 
the  bird's  dung,  one  would  certainty. 


616 


Heerem  om  the  umcieMt  Comauret  ofjmdim^ 


[J<M, 


without  further  argument,  accede  to 
the  belief,  because  opium  moderately 
enjoyed,  puts  one  into  an  exalted 
and  dream  like  state,  but  if  taken  in 
greater  quantity,  it  will  kill,  as  is 
well  known. 

According  to  Kiimpfer's  description, 
the  po<l  of  the  poppy  is  slit  up,  out 
of  which  slits  the  juice  issues  forth, 
hardens,  and  acquires  a  brown  hue ; 
it  is  thon  put  iuto  hot  water,  in  a 
thin  wiKHlen  vessel,  so  that  the  juice 
melts  together,  and  out  of  it  little 
balls  or  pills  arc  prepared.  This 
might  well  occasion  the  tradition  of 
the  bird's  dung ;  and  yet  there  must 
lie  Mimething  historical  at  the  bot- 
tom :  liut  the  extraordinary  part  of  it 
is,  that  the  kind  of  bird  is  so  tho- 
roughly doj^crilK'd,  that  there  can  be 
no  mistake  aliout  it ;  it  is  as  small  as 
a  |Hirtridgt>'M  egg,  and  of  a  yellow  co- 
lour, and  this  »irl  of  hini  in  a  native 
fif  India.  In  uur  system,  the  sar^oria, 
or  tailor-bird,  is  so  called  frum  the  in- 
genious prcitaration  of  its  little  nest, 
which  it  nmki-s  out  of  two  dry  leaves 
sewn  tiigcther.  It  is  described  and 
painted  in  Forster's  Zoologia  Indica, 
Tab.  VIll.  "  It  is  quite  yellow,  hardly 
three  inches  long ;  its  eggs  not  much 
bigger  than  the  ant's  eggs."  Compare 
Gautier  Srhontius'  Voyage  aux  indes, 
III.  |>.  r>sl,  which  describes  it  as  large 
as  alargcha/cl-nut.  Now  it  is  a  known 
fact,  that  several  of  the  small  kinds  of 
birds arvvery fond  of,  and  greedily  de- 
vour p<ippy-8eed.  Should  this  also  be 
the  case  with  the  tati,  which  it  will  at 
least  very  probably  be  found  to  be, 
the  legend  would  thus  become  suffi- 
ciently explained.  That  similar  ac- 
counts also,  not  without  historical 
foundation,  are  spread  abroad  about 
the  cinnamon  bird,  is  already  known 
from  Herodotus.  As  is  customary — in 
onlcr  to  secure  their  monoimly — people 
have  endeavoured  to  conceal  the  origin 
of  costly  articles  of  commerce.  Now,  if 
in  that  passage  opium  is  the  thing  spo- 
ken of,  which  may  be  received  as  true 
till  a  better  explanation  can  be  found, 
the  following  results  are  derived. — 
I.  It  is  an  Indian  production ;  but  has, 
however,  spread  itself  over  the  rest  of 
the  East.  II.  The  country,  pro|)erly 
speaking,  of  the  same,  is  that  part  of 
India  where  it  is  cultivated  in  tlie 
greatest  quantities — the  lo^cr  Ganges 
coantries,  particularly  Bahor. 
7 


lay  the  chief  city  of  the  Indians  of  diit 
time;  PalibothrK,  the  residence  of 
their  kings.  In  the  age  of  Ctetis*, 
the  Qse  of  opium  was  weU  known ;  ne- 
vertheless, not  commonly  diAised,  u 
it  is  mentioned  there  as  a  great 
rarity.  Certainly,  however,  it  bad 
not  yet  spread  itself  beyond  India,  » 
it  was  sent  as  something  costly  to  the 
King  of  Persia,  and  preserved  in  kii 
treasure-room.  Equally  from  dui. 
as  also  from  other  examples,  is  it  dm 
that  a  friendly  connection  existed  (k- 
tween  the  P^ian  and  Indian  sove- 
reigns, becaose  they  sent  each  other 
presents ;  which  again  supposes  en- 
bassies,  and  also  renders  comnwraii 
relations  probable. 

Attar  (/  iloM*. — From  the  toon- 
tries  of  the  Ganges,  turn  we  dot 
to  the  celebrated  Cashmer.  which  is 
fact  is  not  watered  by  the  Indus,  but 
however  by  one  of  its  neighboarin^ 
rivers,  the  Behut  or  Chelum,  tlir 
Ilydaspes  of  the  ancienu.  to  wboir 
water-dominion  it  thus  belongs.  T^ 
question  whether  Cashmer  was  kootn 
in  the  Persian  age.  depends  very  mndi 
upon  whether  it  is  one  and  the  ssaw 
with  Herodotus's  Caspatyrus;  whid 
we  should  rather  have  doubted,  bat 
which  is  affirmatively  demonstrated 
by  Kitter,  with  whose  opinion  we  wil- 
lingly coincide.  Not  only  the  coontiy 
of  Cashmer,  hut  also  its  dominion. 
as  of  an  important  city,  will  be 
thereby  understood.  Without  repeat- 
ing his  geographical  argument,  we 
confirm  it  through  the  citation  of  its 
products,  among  which  we  first  men- 
tion Attar  of  Roses.  In  the  fragment 
of  Ctesias,  chap.  28,  we  read  the  fol- 
lowing— "  There  is  a  tree  in  India  u 
high  as  the  cedar  or  cypress ;  its  leaves 
are  like  those  of  the  palm,  only  some- 
thing broader ;  it  grows  like  the  male 
laurel,  but  bears  no  fruit.  It  is  called 
in  Indian,  karpion,  in  Greek  Cuvpopoia) 
rose-ointment;  itishoweverrare.  From 
it  come  drops  of  oil  that  are  mixed 
with  wool,  and  put  in  an  alabaster 
box;  the  colour  of  it  is  deep  red. 
and  thick ;  it  possesses,  above  all.  the 
most  delicious  perfume ;  it  is  said  that 
the  scent  rises  to  the  height  of  five 
stadia.  The  king,  however,  and  his 
relations,  alone  uossesa  it;  but  the 
king  of  I"  >me  of  it  to  the 

kinsof)  laelfhasseea 

liadesctib- 


I83j.] 


Allttr  of'  Kofes — Skmci-trvut. 


(!l 


able,  and  surpasses  nil  others."  That 
here  attar  of  roses  is  the  thing  treated 
of,  we  Jearn  by  the  name  ;  it  U  a  pro- 
duct of  Cashmer,  the  rose  of  that 
place  of  a  particuSar  species,  frutn 
which  it  is  prepared,  is  celebrated 
throughout  the  east ;  the  contlineM  of 
this  attar  of  rose?  that  now  cornea 
from  I'ersia,  is  also  known  to  us, 
■where,  like  gold,  it  is  weighetl  by  the 
drop.  Wheuce,  however,  comes  the 
false  derlaration,  that  it  i.i  obtained 
from  a  high  tree?  It  is  explained  by 
what  the  British  traveller,  Forster, 
recounts  of  both  the  trees  in  the 
gardens  of  Cashmer  ;  "  the  first  is  the 
Oriental  platar.ufi,  that  here  reaches 
its  greatest  perfection,  with  silver- 
coloured  bark,  and  pale  green  leaves, 
that  resemble  a  flat  hand ;  however. 
the  celebrated  rose  from  which  the 
Attar  is  made,  bears  the  palm  from  all 
thcothertrees."  Can  it  appear  straner, 
that  stand  iag  near  each  other  in  the 
Royal  gardens  which  Ctefiias  mentions, 
chap.  30,  and  also  Korster  visited,  their 
products  should  be  confounded? 

If,  however,  attar  of  rose*  be  the 
thing  here  spoken  of,  great  historical 
results  may  be  derived.  Cashmer  had 
formerly  its  own  kings,  which  also  its 
annals  lately  made  known  to  us  con- 
firm. It  wa«  thus  no  Persian  pro- 
vince, if  even  the  Persian  dominion 
could  reach  to  its  neighbourhood  ;  but 
it  maintained,  however,  a  friendly 
connexion,  since  presents  of  attar  of 
roses,  and  costly  garments,  as  will 
become  evident  below,  were  sent  to 
the  Persian  court.  Probably  there 
even  catne  natives  of  Cashmer  to 
Persia.  Ctesiaa  recounts,  that  he  had 
Been  there  two  women  and  live  men, 
Indians,  of  a  white  colour — the  clear 
eomplexioas  of  the  natives  of  Cashmer 
are  known  :  and  if  presents  were  sent 
tiience,  it  could  hardly  be  otherwise 
than  through  the  subjects  of  the  King 
•fCashmer.  I'heroyal  gardens  of  which 
Ctesias  speaks,  chap.  IS,  are  also  de- 
ribed  by  Bernirr,  the  first  modern 
aretlcr,  who  visited  Cashmer  in  the 
•nite  of  the  Great  Mogul  Aureng  Zeb, 
namely,  the  garden  of  the  old  kings, 
called  Achiavel.  Bernier  meutioni»  in 
e  «anie,  a  remarkable  spring  that  so 
Itrongly  resembles  that  desciibed  by 
Ctesias,  chap.  30,  that  one  may  hold  it 
^^»o  lie  the  same.  "The  fountain,"  says 
^^K  «.  "  breaks  forth  out  of  a  rock 
^^L  Uo.  Vol. 


with  such  power,  that  it  Hings  again 
into  the  air  whatever  is  thrown  into 
it;  the  water  is  very  cold,  but  beaa- 
tifal,  and  gentlemen  and  ladies  of  rank 
bathe  in  it  for  their  health." — "  In  the 
garden  of  the  nid  kings  of  Cashmer," 
says  flernier.  "  the  most  remoikable 
tiling  is  a  source  that  divides  itself  into 
many  canaU  in  the  garden;  it  breaks 
out  of  the  earth  with  such  force,  that 
one  might  rather  call  it  a  river  than  a 
spring;  the  water  is  uncommonly 
beautiful,  but  so  cold.  U>at  one  can 
hardly  hold  one's  hand  in  it."  Also, 
hot  springs,  which  could  hardly  be 
wanting  in  so  mountainous  a  country, 
are  described  by  Ctesias  as  well  as 
later  travellers. 

Sftawl-trool,  and  ilt  fown/ry.— From 
Cashmer  we  now  turn  to  the  cuuntrieii 
that  touch  it  on  the  east,  and  which 
twenty -live  years  ago  first  began  to 
emerge  out  of  entire  darkness.  We 
owe  this  to  the  British  discoverers  who 
made  their  way  here  with  a  courage 
worthy  of  admiration.  Captain  Ra- 
per,  Herbert,  Webb,  Hotigson,  and 
lastly,  in  particular,  the  brothers  Ge- 
rard and  Moorcroft.  The  aim  of  these 
tiavellers  was  to  discover  the  sources 
of  the  Indus  and  Gani^es,  and  of  their 
neighbouring  rivers  the  Sedledg  and 
Jumna  ;  this  they  accomplished.  Ra- 
por  and  Webb,  1808,  got  to  the 
sources  of  the  Ganges ;  Moorcroft, 
IR12,  to  those  of  the  Indus  and  Sed- 
ledg ;  this  led  them  to  the  parts  of 
India  in  the  interior  of  Himalaya, 
that  are  the  most  important  to  u?. 
Their  results  are  made  known  in  the 
*'  Asiatic  Researches,"  particularly  the 
volumes  12  and  15,  and  chiefly  from 
those  collected  by  Ritter,  and  accom- 
panied with  an  excellent  map  of  Hi- 
malaya, without  which  our  present 
inquiry  would  hardly  have  been  enc- 
ces&ful.  Our  task  is  thus  to  compare 
the  views  of  the  ancients,  especiall]^ 
Ctesias,  with  the  accounts  of  the 
British  travellers,  and  to  try  how 
far  these  can  be  cleared  up  in  to 
doing.  That  the  above  remarks  upon 
Ctesias  arc  also  of  importance,  is  ob- 
vious :  the  inquiry  cannot  limit  itself 
to  Cashmer,  it  must  stretch  to  the 
sources  of  the  Indus  and  Sedledg, 
for  it  is  known  that  the  ^hawl.wool, 
properly  the  line  wool  of  the  buck  (goat) , 
if  even  tt  is  worked  in  Cashmer,  cotnes 
nevertheless  from  the  far  eastern  lands. 
A  K 


618 


Deified  Hemd  0/  Hadrin,  fommd  in  the  Thm 


It  is  these  coantries  that  are  comprc- 
bendcd  in  India  itself,  as  the  highest 
EDd  farthest  ([oal  of  the  pilgrims  nnder 
the  name  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  on  our 
asual  maps,  are  called  Little  Thibet ; 
they  reach  from  30  to  about  34  degrees 
N.  £. ;  they  are  a  high-lying  mountain 
plain,  from  12  to  14,000  feet  above  the 
sea,  between  the  highest  chains  of  Hi- 
malaya, which  are  nearly  double  the 
height  of  Mont  Blanc,  and  upou  the 
summits  of  which,  unattainable  to 
mortals,  Maha  Deo,  with  his  court, 
reigns  in  hia  Kaiias.  They  are  bounded 
on  the  west  and  south  by  these  chains ; 
on  the  east,  by  those  of  Great  Thibet, 
■ad  reach  on  the  north  to  the  limits 
of  Koten,  in  Badaghschan,  on  the 
soathern  border  of  Little  Bucha* 
ria ;  they  embrace  with  the  countries 
of  the  Upper  Indus  and  Sedledg, 
whose  sources  arc  found  in  them, 
also  the  vet  independent  land  La- 
dikh,  witK    its   chief   city   \Jk,    the 

Erincipal  market-place  of  the  shawl 
uck  (goat)  wool,  where  Moorcroft 
spent  two  years;  and  in  the  south, 
Gertope,  the  market  of  the  fine  sheep's 
wool.  In  it,  above  the  sources  of  the 
Indus,  are  found  the  holy  lakes,  Wa- 
pang  and  Harang,  which,  when  the 
water  is  high,  form,  however,  but  one 
lake,  more  than  twenty  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, from  which  the  Sedledg 
springs — the  holiest  goal  of  the  pil- 
grims who  succeed  in  reaching  it. 
Moorcroft  is  still  the  only  European 
who  has  reached  it,  vet  without 
daring  to  go  round  it.  The  dwellings 
of  man  do  not  extend  to  that  high 
flat,  and  Gertope  also  is  only  a  tent 
encampment  in  summer  time,  but  it  is 
the  pasture-land  for  the  bucks  (goats) 
and  sheep  that  yield  the  finest  wool. 
Moorcroft  saw  them  here,  large  and 
strong,  in  numerous  hrrds,  more  than 
40,000  in  number.  Here  also  the 
wild  horse  and  wild  ass  race  about 
in  flocks.  It  is  also  a  land  rich  in 
gold,  that  might  be  obtained  from  the 
earth  without  much  trouble. 
(To  be  coutiuued.J 


Mr.  Ubbax. 


New  Kenl-road, 
May  22. 

I  BRG  to  add  a  few  words  by  way 
of  P.S.  to  "  Londiniana,  No.  1.,"  in- 
serted in  your  last  Magazine,  p.  493. 
1  there  suggested  that  the  fine  collossal 
bronze  head,  io  the  possession  of  John 
Newman,  Esq.,  F,S.A.,  lately  found 


in  the  bed  of  tlie  Thamea,  was  pro- 
bably that  of  the  Emperor  Uadran. 
represented  aa  a  divinity,  {xobsbly 
Apollo. 

I  had  no  intention  of  laying  inr 
stress  of  strong  probability  on  the  lsi« 
conjecture,  which  might 'be  in  soae 
degree  combated  by  a  heard  being 
slightly  indicated  on  the  head ;  wheicai 
Apollo,  in  reference  to  his  juvenilitr, 
is  represented  in  ancient  statnes  aad 
medals  as  a  beardless  young  iwn» 
An  experienced  numismatist  (Mr. 
Akerman)  has  informed  me,  that  to 
this  rule,  however,  there  are  soraenic 
medallic  exceptions. 

That  the  head  is  that  of  Hadrian  ii 
sufficiently  attested  by  the  resem- 
blance. According  to  Dion  Cassius,  he 
was  the  first  of  the  Csesars  who  won 
a  beard.  Spartian  tells  us  that  this 
was  in  consequence  of  certain  blotdia 
and  scars  which  disfigured  his  ftce. 
Julian,  in  his  Caesars,  describes  hia 
as  a  man  with  a  great  beard,  of  ■ 
haughty  demeanour,  his  eyes  laised  to 
the  heavens,  and  of  the  most  'fffatiaW* 
curiosity  in  all  things,  whether  terrts- 
trial,  celestial,  or  infernal.  WsH, 
therefore,  might  Hadrian  be  found 
patronising  the  mysteries  of  Eteusis. 
That  he  was  represented  as  a  divinity 
in  the  Britannic  province,  his  graat 
works  in  that  quarter  render  extremely 
probable.  That  he  did  not  repudiate 
such  honours  is  sufficiently  evinced 
by  the  fact  that,  having  finished  the 
Temple  of  Jupiter  Olympius  at  Athens, 
he  dedicated  therein  an  altar  to  Urn- 
$f{f.  perhaps  in  the  aasumed  character 
of  Serapis.  who  is  designated  by  Ju- 
lian as  the  brother  of  Jupiter,  ft  ap- 
pears, therefore,  a  shrewd  and  plan- 
stble  conjecture  of  the  gentleman 
whom  I  have  mentioned  before,  that 
the  head  represents  Serapis.  In  this 
I  fully  concur  J  and  conclude,  with 
some  confidence,  that  it  was  dedicated 
Hadmia.n'o  Sbbapidi,  and  that  the 
remarkable  cavity  and  depression  on 
the  top  were  for  attaching  to  the  figure 
the  basket  or  measure,  which,  as  an 
emblem  of  plchty,  is  always  found  on 
the  head  of  that  divinity.  We  are 
told,  indeed,  that  when  the  temple  of 
Serapis,  at  Alexandria,  was  demolished 
by  the  Emperor  Theodosius,  from  a 
hole  in  the  head  of  the  idol  (similar 
I  suppose,  to  that  in  the  bronze  head 
from  Londinium)  issued  a  vast  number 
of  rata.  -V  J.  K. 


1836.] 


REVIEW  OF  NEW  PUBLICATIONS. 


jin  Ffistorical  Euay  on  Architecturt. 
By  the  latf  Thoiuas  Mope.  IUum- 
trated  from  Drawing$  made  hy  him 
in  Italy  and  Germany.    8vo.  pp.  561. 

HOW  deeply  is  it  to  be  regretted 
that  a  composition  like  the  prenent,  in 
which  the  history  of  one  of  the  noblest 
of  the  fine  arts  is  investigated  with 
the  reMarch  of  the  antiquary,  the 
learning  of  the  scholar,  and  the  caution 
of  the  philosopher,  and  which  at  the 
Miroe  time  displays  in  its  language  the 
elegance  and  retinementof  the  polished 
geatleman,  should  be  a  posthumous 
work  !  What  a  loss  has  the  science  ex- 
perienced in  the  death  of  one  who, 
unfettered  by  the  trammels  of  a  profes- 
aional  education,  free  from  the  preju- 
dices of  the  architect's  narrow  school 
of  instruction,  and  at  the  same  time 
endued  with  a  mind  liberal  aud  en- 
larged, is  enabled  to  take  the  widest 
•nd  most  extended  view  of  hi»  subject ! 
By  such  men,  and  by  such  alone,  can 
its  remote  history  and  origin  be  traced 
aod  developed.  If  the  investigation 
be  not  aided  by  a  mind  so  constituted, 
if  it  be  not  accompanied  by  an  instinc- 
tive feeling  of  elegance  and  taste,  the 
task  of  research  will  be  idle  and  vain. 

The  origin  of  architecture  is  to  lie 
sought  in  the  wants  which  mankind, 
even  in  the  most  primeval  state,  must 
have  experienced.  "  In  all  regions  men 
have  felt  the  necessity  of  adding  to  the 
covering  which  is  carried  about  the 
l^erson,  and  which  we  call  attire,  an- 
other covering  more  extended,  more 
detached,  more  stationary,  for  the 
purpose  of  ampler  comfort  and  of 
greater  security,  and  which  might  be 
able,  with  his  body,  to  include  such 
gt>ods  OS  he  posseased."  The  peculiar 
btyle  and  character  of  the  buildings 
erected  under  the  influence  of  thia 
necessity,  when  not  borrowed  from 
another  people,  would  be  dependant 
upon  and  influenced  by  the  contingen- 
cies of  soil,  atmosphere,  and  material, 
afforded  by  the  local  situation  of  the 
dwellings  of  the  inventors. 

The  several  st\-les  of  the  ancient 
world  afford  evidence  of  the  truth  of 
thia  profMjsitiun.  When  in  the  earliest 
ages  sunte  Tartar  hordes  roamed  from 
the  "  elevated   and  central  plains  of 


Asia,"  and  fixed  their  habitation  in  a 
more  fertile  country,  changing  their 
pastoral  for  an  agricultural  life,  and 
adopting  a  stationary  residence  in 
lieu  of  the  fragile  tent  of  skins  which 
had  previously  formed  their  temporary 
and  only  dwelling,  when  one  branch  of 
the  wanderers  was  fixed  in  China,  and 
a  second  in  India,  and  we  find  them 
acting  on  the  impulse  to  which  their 
new  wants  and  necessities  gave  birth  ; 
we  see  that  in  China,  though  their 
fixed  habitations  scarcely  amount  to 
architecture,  the  original  tent  remains 
in  the  form  and  disposition  of  the 
building  to  which  it  gave  way.  afford- 
ing tu  this  day  an  evidence  of  the  ori- 
ginal manners  of  the  inhabitants  ;  not 
so,  in  the  latter  country,  where  the 
exchange  of  the  "  cool  heights  of  Thi- 
bet for  the  burning  plains  of  Hindoa- 
tan."  led  the  settlers  to  seek  some  re- 
treat from  the  sun's  rays ;  and  to  avert 
this  inconvenience,  they  dug  in  the 
barren  rocks,  which  surrounded  the 
vast  plains  of  their  newly  acquired 
possessions, habitations  immoveable  as 
the  earth  itself.  "  Thus  arose  the 
stupendous  excavations  of  the  Bahar; 
thus  were  formed,  along  the  banks  of 
the  Ganges  and  the  Borampooter,  those 
cities  of  caves,  of  which  some  served 
as  retreats  for  the  living,  while  others 
were  left  as  a  receptacle  for  the  dead/* 
But  in  time  the  population  advanced 
into  the  plains,  oud  they  then  became 
necessitated  to  raise,  on  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  the  dwelling  which,  near 
the  brow  of  the  rock,  they  had  dug 
out  of  its  bowels  ;  in  this  way  arose 
the  stationary  habitation,  the  insu- 
lated building,  but  which,  in  its  dark 
and  cavern-like  form,  sUU  partook  of 
its  model,  the  primeval  excavation. 

The  African  tribes,  descending  in 
like  manner  from  the  mountains  of 
Ethiopia  to  people  the  valley  of 
Egypt,  from  timilor  operating  causes, 
found  it  necessary  to  construct  exca- 
vations ;  and  their  works,  and  the  iome 
train  of  circumstances,  ended  tn  the 
erection  of  the  temple  and  the  py- 
ramid. 

The  existence  of  some  genera'  *-" 
tures  in  the  buildir*™ 
India  have  given  r 


I 


620  Rbvikw. — Hope's  Hutoricoi  Esray  om  Arckitectwre.       [Ji 

that  the  two  style*  were  identical ; 
this  is  ably  contested  by  our  author. 
Hie  fEeneral  similarity  in  the  cavern- 
like  buildings  of  the  two  nations,  he 
accounts  fur  by  the  theory  of  tfaeir 
origin ;  and  this  point  being'  attained, 
the  resemblance  ceases.  The  great 
■uperioritv,  in  detail,  obser^'abl^  in  the 
works  of  t^gypt,  over  those  of  Hindos- 
tan,  must  be  ap|iarent  to  every  one 
who  has  paid  attention  to  the  remains 
of  these  ancient  nations.  The  appa- 
rent deticiencv  in  the  arts  which  the 
sameness  of  the  Kg\'ptian  design  indi- 
cates, is  assigned  by  Mr.  Hope  to 
Erinciples  of  religion  and  politics ;  and 
e  illustrates  the  theory  by  shewing, 
from  eiisting  examples,  what  the  ge- 
nius of  the  Egyptian  artist  might  have 
accomplished,  if  it  had  not  been  fet- 
tered by  arbitrary  inlvs. 

ITie  architecture  of  Greece  was 
ako  influenced  by  accidentiil  circuni- 
stBnce.4.  The  Scythian  progenitors  of 
this  nation,  fixing  thcn):>i.-lvi>s  in  the 
forests  of  DiKhina,  naturally  enough 
adopted  the  material  which  was  nearest 
at  hand  ;  the  erect  trunk  was  the  pa- 
rent of  the  column,  the  prostrate  log 
the  forerunner  of  the  e|mtyle,  and 
when,  on  the  decrease  of  timber  by  the 
continued  consumption  of  it,  a  neces. 
sity  arose  for  the  adoption  of  some 
other  subitance,  and  stone  or  marble 
was  chosen,  we  still  find  the  templet*, 
even  to  the  latCbt  period  of  their  ex- 
istence, preserving  the  form,  and  imi- 
tating the  construction,  of  the  primi- 
tive hut. 

Thus  we  see  the  original  features  of 
the  earliest  builtlings  preserved  to  the 
last  stage  of  their  existence ;  the  tent, 
the  cave,  and  the  hut.  survive  in  the 
pagoda  and  the  kio:ik.  the  nin»*iy 
temples  of  Kgypt,  and  the  more  elegant 
ones  of  Greece. 

We  pass  (from  want  of  space)  over 
the  author's  view  of  the  origin  and 
growth  of  the  Orders,  and  his  sum- 
inar%'  of  the  history  of  the  arch.  The 
latter  important  member  of  architec- 
ture led  to  an  alteration  in  the  consti- 
tuent and  essential  parts  of  the  earlier 
huildings,  {.o  complete,  that  we  trace 
no  longer  the  simple  prototypes,  but 
enter  into  a  wide  field,  in  which  the 
ingenuity  of  man  appears  to  have  ex- 
hausted itself,  leaving  to  the  moderns 
no  room  to  invent,  and  red*' 
to  the  grade  of  mere  coi 


arch,— no  where  abea  inGrcdaaboiU- 
ings.  is  the  principnl  featare  ia  than 
of  Rome  :  the  resulta  arising  fron  iti 
introduction  occupy  the  rasidBC  of 
the  volome.  A  comprehenKve  view ii 
taken  by  the  author  of  the  gtorieai 
structures  of  the  Eternal  City,  the  wy 
shambles  of  which,  in  the  eyei  of  no- 
derns,  might  hare  pnaacd  for  ao  ib- 
phitheatre. 

"  The  bailding*  of  the  Roaaaas  disbs- 
guished  thenmelTe*  from  those  of  tk 
(irrdis  by  a  frature  less  iaddentaL  ka 
vague,  more  univenMl,  more  chaiaciB- 
istie,  than  any  •uperiority  of  aiic  ol 
splendour,  by  the  introdoctioa  of  Ik 
arch,  which  the  Greeka  knew  not.  or  if 
they  knew,  did  not  employ." — p.  59. 

A  new  era  in  the  history  of  aithi- 
tectuie  opens  upon  us,  witli  thisaoni 
feature.  To  thia  we  owe  the  aichi- 
tecture  of  the  middle  ages,  the  ttrk 
sacred  to  the  uaL>s  uf  the  moat  subliiM 
religion,  and  tu  the  elucidatioa  of 
which  Mr.  Hupe  has  dedicated  w 
large  a  portion  of  his  volume,  ia  tkii 
respect  bhowing  how  far  his  sapcriK 
taste  has  outstripped  so  many  of  tk 
puny  writers  on  architecture,  whoca- 
sconced  iu  {ledontr}*  can  see  notki^ 
beautiful  in  any  work  of  the  middk 
ages,  or  can  even  condescend  to  oa- 
wine  a  structare  which  vraa  not  ik 
work  of  a  classical  period. 

The  introduction  of  the  ChriatisB 
religion,  at  first  only  by  tolezatMO, 
led  to  the  necessity  of  obtaining  baiU- 
ings  for  the  purposes  of  worahip.  The 
temples  remaining  in  the  hands  of  the 
Pagans,  could  not  be  appropriated  to 
that  use ;  and,  even  if  no  other  diflicultT 
had  intervened,  the  want  of  space  is 
the  interior  of  the  temple  cumbining 
with  the  peculiar  contempt  which  the 
early  Christians  felt  for  a  structure  de- 
secrated by  heathen  rites,  would  haie 
rcudorrd  them  unfit  for  their  purposes. 
In  tlii<«  emergency  a  new  class  of 
buildings  presented  themselves :  the 
halls  attached  to  the  palatial  boildiags 
of  Rome  affordeil  the  very  accommo- 
dation required  by  the  new  religion, 
and  the  new  form  of  worship.  The 
spacious  roouib  in  which  the  magis- 
trate sate  in  public  t«>  administer  and 
dispense  the  imperial  Ihws  ;  the  raised 
plat'  d    elevated   tribune ;    the 

r  afforded  to  the   peo- 

vurts  of  law  br  (^ 
■pt,  seenc^ 


183j.]         Review. — Hope's  Historical  Euay  on  Architecture.  621 


mirably  adapted  for  the  purposes  of  the 

new  religion,  that  it  i»  not  surpris- 
iag  that  wc  should  tiud  the  curly  pre- 
lates beseeching  tbetr  great  patroo, 
the  immortal  Constantine,  to  surren- 
der them  (at  first  perhaps  ooly  tempo- 
rarily) to  the  uses  of  the  Church,  At 
leniith  the  hall  of  justice  bccanio  con- 
secraled  to  the  service  of  religion,  and 
that  loo  without  any  change  in  its  con- 
struction ;  and  so  completely  was  it 
formed  for  the  purpose,  that  it  even 
became  the  model  fur  all  succeeding 
churches.  The  aisles  i»till  retained  the 
people,  classed  by  sexes  ;  the  tribunal, 
without  changing  its  name,  received 
the  altar ;  the  Bishop  sat  in  the  same 
chair  which  accommodated  the  Judge, 
and  the  scats  for  the  advocates  re- 
ceived the  singers  and  officiating  clergy. 

"  For  a  long  series  of  years  churches 
continued  to  be  built  in  the  form  of 
the  uriginal  Bastlica."  Although  the 
ancient  architecture  had  been  almost 
forgotten,  and  so  little  of  classical  work 
remaineJ,  that  the  new  structures  are 
characterized  as  resembling  "  huge 
barns  of  the  most  splendid  materials  ; " 
they  may  at  the  same  time  be  described 
OS  "  huge  barns  which,  from  the  sim- 
plicity, the  distinctness,  the  magnifi- 
cence, the  harmony  of  their  component 
parts,  had  a  grandeur  which  wc  in 
vaia  seek  in  the  complicated  architec- 
ture of  modern  churches." 

The  appearance  of  one  of  theae  ha- 
■ilicos.  when  occupied  by  the  Chris- 
tian clersy,  will  be  best  understood 
by  the  following  vivid  description  : 

•'  The  early  bafdlicas,  frcnerally  little 
more  than  a  patchwork  of  odd  fraifinrnt*, 
■freeing  neitbrr  in  material,  colour,  sub- 
vt&uce,  form,  proportion,  nor  workman- 
ship, ckcd  out,  next  to  what  wiw  most 
elegant,  by  that  which  waii  most  rude — 
they  yet,  throupli  the  himplicily  of  the 
general  Torra,  and  tlie  r<>n.4i.<(tetii'y  of  the 
general  distrilnition,  display  a  grandeur, 
produced  neither  by  the  Ust  orchitrctnre 
of  Paj^sn  Rome,  after  it  had.  in  that  ar- 
chitecture, Jismisx-d  all  its  Grecian  con- 
sistency ;  nor.  above  all,  by  whut  has 
been  railed  the  later  rr»toralion  of  that 
architecture,  loudcd  with  all  the  addi- 
tional cstruv&giince  of  mi"»ilom  Italy.  The 
long  nave  and  nifties,  dif  idcd  by  inter- 
laediate  mw*  nf  initidalcd  cidumns,  in 
"it"  flight  of  afcps,  which 
I  aisli'.  drnt'i-nili'd  to  the 
t..|it  or  confession  under- 
i^lherc  stood  the  tomb  of  the  patron 


saint,  surrounded  by  s  forest  of  pillars  ; 
th«  wider  and  nobler  dight,  which  led  to 
the  sanctuary,  high  rjii»i*d  above  this 
cryjH  :  the  altar  of  God  in  the  centre  of 
this  choir,  and  directly  over  this  tomb, 
seen  soaring  in  air  from  the  Mcry  en- 
trance of  the  church,  superbly  canopied, 
and  backed  by  a  groud  liiiishiog  absis, 
whose  conch  correspoudcd  in  its  arch 
with  that  preceding  the  choir,  and  whose 
curve  contained,  UieatricaUy  disposed, 
the  bishop*s  throne,  and  the  seats  of  the 
clergy ;  gave  to  sunic  of  thuiM;  basilicas 
an  im|>osing  appearance,  such  as  St. 
Paul's,  and  the  first  St.  Peter's  at 
R»)me,  which  even  the  new  St.  Peter's 
it»elf,  built  at  the  expense  of  all  C'hriit- 
euiloui,  dud  with  all  the  additional  splen- 
dour of  its  dome,  does  not  equal." — 
p.  M.1. 

Afler  enumerating  the  principal 
churches  of  Rome,  which  arc  cither 
entitled  to  rank  as  basilicas,  or  are 
built  in  the  same  form,  the  author 
notices  the  various  others,  both  trans 
and  cis-alpinc,  which  arc  constructed 
on  the  same  plan,  noticing  the  church 
of  Melbourne,  in  Derbyshire,  which 
dating  in  the  seventh  century,  pre- 
serves a  few  scanty  features  of  the 
ancient  arrangement ;  and  be  might 
have  adduced  Chichester  cathedral, 
which,  of  all  the  Englibh  churches 
alone,  pnesenes  in  the  nave  the  five 
aisles  of  the  basilica ;  and  Canter- 
bury, which,  even  now,  preserves  the 
chair  of  the  bishop  in  its  absie,  and, 
of  all  the  English  chuichea,  haa  alone 
the  separate  baptistery. 

From  the  consideration  of  the  ar- 
chitecture of  Komc,  we  arc  naturally 
led  to  the  style  of  the  buildings  of 
her  daughter  city,  imperial  byzan- 
tium,  the  rise  and  piogress  of  wboae 
architecture  occupies  a  large  section, 
and  deservedly  so,  from  the  influence 
which,  during  a  long  period,  it  ex- 
ercised over  the  buildings  of  western 
Europe.  The  edifices  erected  under 
the  dominion  of  this  style,  were  dis- 
tinguished by  a  new  feature  in  church- 
architecture,  and  this  was  the  cupola. 
The  builders  of  the  eastern  citj-,  des- 
titute of  any  ancient  materials,  and 
having  made  a  considerable  progress 
in  the  art  of  vaulting,  were  enabled  to 
cast  over  wider  sjfaces  bolder  arches. 

"  The  long  vauhirjts  avcauc>  of  the 
Knman  basilicas  wrre  !inpprr^.4ed ;  four 
pillars,  silnslcd  at  the  angles  of  a  vast 
sqaan.%  whose  side*  were  leogtbened  ex- 


I 


I 


I 

i 


6W  ^mrtmw.—Hope'u  Historical  Ettay  on  jirtMUctmre.       [Ji 

tenullj  into  foor  •borter  uid  equal 
naves,  were  made  to  rapport  and  to  be 
ronnected  hj  tour  arcbea,  the  tpandrila 
between  which,  aa  they  poae,  eonTer«d, 
■o  u,  toward*  the  sQmnit  of  the  archea, 
to  compoae  with  these  a  circle,  and  thu 
circle  carried  a  cnpola,  which  (not  made, 
like  that  of  the  Pantheon  at  Rome,  or 
that  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre  at  Jerusalem, 
to  be  supported  by  a  cylinder  inter* 
veninf  between  it  and  the  ground,  but 
lifted  high  in  air,  OTrr  four  prodigious 
yawning  gaps,)  was  for  the  purpose  of 
combining  as  mnrh  of  lightness  and  co- 
hesion aa  possible  with  its  great  expanse, 
constructed  of  cylindrical  jars,  fitting 
into  each  other.  Conchs,  or  semi-cu- 
polas, closing  over  the  arches  which  sup- 
ported the  centre  dome,  crowned  the 
four  naves,  or  branches  of  the  cross ;  of 
these,  the  one  that  presented  the  prin- 
cipal entrance,  was  preceded  by  a  porch 
or  narthea;  that  opposite,  formed  the 
sanctuary ;  while  the  two  lateral  mem- 
bers were  divided  in  their  height  by  an 
intermediate  gallery,  for  the  reception  of 
the  female  congregation  ;  and  these  some- 
times again  sprouted  out  into  lesser  ah- 
■ides,  crowned  with  semi-domes,  or  cha- 
pels surroouated  by  small  cupolas ; 
arehes  thus  rising  over  arebes,  and  cu- 
polas over  cnpolM ;  we  may  say  that  all 
which,  in  the  temples  of  Athens,  had 
been  straight,  angular,  and  square,  in 
the  churahes  of  Constantinople  became 
curved  and  rounded ;  so  that  after  the 
Romans  had  begun,  by  depriving  the  ar- 
chitecture of  the  prior  Greeks  of  its  con- 
aistency,  the  Christian  Greeks  them- 
selves obliterated  every  mark  of  the  ar- 
chitecture of  their  heathen  ancestors, 
■till  retained  by  the  Romans,  and  made 
the  ancient  Grecian  arehitectnre  owe  its 
final  annihilation  to  the  same  nation  to 
which  it  had  been  indebted  for  its  fint 
birth."— p.  W4. 

The  new  form  introduced  into  the 
charches  by  the  Byzantine  architects, 
being  that  which  is  now  styled  the 
Greek  cross,  is  to  be  found  in  many 
churches  in  Europe.  As  England  bur- 
rowed chiefly,  if  nut  solely  from 
Rome,  little  trace  of  it  is  likely  to 
have  reached  us ;  but  it  would  seem 
that  the  church  built  at  Athelney 
by  the  great  Alfred,  partook  of  the 
Greek  character.  William  of  Malmes- 
bury,  who  describes  this  structure, 
says  it  was  constructed  in  a  new  way 
of  building,  and  that  four  piers  firmly 
fixed  in  the  ground  supported  the 
whole  building,  Vvvkv'm^  toxxt  cYv«.i\ct:\'!. 


of  a  circular  form  in  its 
ference.  (Note,  wide  Bendiun's  Ely 
introduction,  p.  4.)  Notlung  cu 
more  plainly  describe  a  drarch  bidt 
in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  witfc 
absides,  in  e&act  coofonnity  with  Mr. 
Hope's  description  of  the  early  Oieek 
churches. 

The  detail  of  tbe  Greeks,  in  proeoi 
of  time,  became  so  corrapted.  tint  dl 
trace  of  their  ancient  arcfaitectvie  was 
lost,  until  at  last  it  resolTed  itself  ials 
that  picturesque  style  of  boilding  sp> 
parent  in  the  modem  mosqaes,  fear  the 
faultv  detail  of  whidi  die  Tories  bear 
the  discredit,  Blthoa|^  it  n  eridetft 
that  they  are  not  entitled  to  censaie 
on  that  ground,  having  invariably  ca- 
ployed  Greek  architects.  "  la  Sta 
Sophia,  tbe  capitals  of  the  coIbbim 
are  a  poor  imitation  of  the  Corinthtss 
and  Its  scantbos;  in  most  Greek 
buildings,  they  became  a  still  pooRr 
squared  block,  with  unmeaning  sen! 
or  ba&ket  work."  The  same  fond— t 
for  novelty  which  led  to  the  feraatioB 
of  these  graceless  capitals,  canaed  the 
form  of  the  arch,  at  the  vrhim  of  the 
builder,  to  be  varied  from  the  tree  ee- 
micircular  in  many  ways;  in  soae 
instances  by  the  abutments  beiog 
elongated  below  tbe  chord ;  in  others, 
by  the  adoption  of  the  horse-sboe 
form ;  and  in  a  third,  by  the  iatro- 
duction  of  tbe  pointed.  In  tmth,  tbeie 
seemed  to  be  no  fixed  principle,  evoy 
architect  did  that  whioi  was  right  in 
his  own  eyes. 

Before  we  proceed  to  the  archi- 
tecture which  in  tbe  highest  degree 
influenced  the  buildings  ot  the  mid- 
dle ages,  we  will  pause  to  follow  the 
author  through  his  consideration  of 
the  Christian  symbols  which  af^xar 
in  early  works,  in  the  outset  entering 
our  protest  against  the  heathen  de- 
rivation which  is  assigned  to  these 
simple,  but  iu  all  cases  appropriate 
emblems ;  for  we  can  never  bring  our- 
selves to  believe  that  men  who  like 
the  early  Christians  scorned  the  fire 
and  the  circus,  who  sought  rather 
than  avoided  the  crown  of  martyr* 
dom,  could  have  been  meam  enou^ 
to  veil  under  Pagan  symbols  the  em- 
blems of  their  f&ith,  merely  to  accom- 
modate the  prejudices  of  their  op- 
ponents. \Vc  shall  have  no  difllcolty 
\Ti  Vc^cvn^  cvcrv  Christian  symbol  Jto 


1S3j.]        Rkview. — Hope's  Historical  Essay  on  Architecture. 


6*Z3 


its  legitimate  source,  the  Sacred  Vo- 
lume. 

\Vc  would  first  Teniark  on  the  idea 
of  a  crosa  Cormed  of  acanthus  leaves, 
being  so  formed  for  the  purp-osea  of 
concealment ;  surely  it  is  more  con- 
sonant with  what  we  know  uf  the 
first  Chrtatinna,  tu  attribute  this  form- 
ation eutircly  In  a  matter  of  taste,  to 
the  same  cause  which  protluced  the 
flowered  and  foliated  crosses  of  the 
fourteenth  century. 

The  '  genii,'  aa  Mr.  Hope  terms 
them,  which  are  met  with  in  early 
churches,  sporting  with  the  vine  and 
cars  of  corn,  have  nothing  whatever 
to  do  with  either  Bacchus  or  Ceres, 
however  any  small  antiquarian  or 
ignorant  traveller  may  have  been  mis- 
led by  them.  The  early  Christian 
architects  intended  that  everj'  deco- 
ration of  their  sacred  edifices  should  be 
emblematical  of  their  holy  faith,  and 
the  vine  and  ears  of  corn  most  aptly 
represented  the  sacred  emblems  of  the 
sacrament  of  the  Eucharist ;  as  such 
they  have  been  introduced  by  Wren 
(whose  propriety  of  decoration  is  un- 
rivalled) into  his  churches,  leaving  it  to 
Chambers  and  his  followers  to  set  up 
bulls'  skulls  and  other  absurd  de- 
corations in  Christian  churches,  where 
B  bloodless  sacrifice  alone  could  be 
offered.  Having  disposed  of  Bac- 
chus and  Ceres,  we  will  now  turn  to 
the  other  emblems  thus  described, 
with  their  assumed  parentage. 

"  The  palm-brnnch,  which  unonK  he«- 
theni  denoted  worldly  viet(>ri«!>.  wu 
made  aovong  ChristiaoK,  to  mark  the 
triumphs  of  the  cross,  and  was  wrested 
from  the  handfl  of  heathen  i;ods,  to  be 
placed  in  those  of  a  aaint  or  martyr  ; 
Venos's  dove  became  the  Holy  Ghost ; 
DianA's  «ta^,  the  Christian  soul  thirsting 
for  the  living  wstcrs ;  Juno's  peacock, 
under  the  name  of  the  phoenix,  that  sool 
after  the  resurrection ;  one  evangelist 
was  gifted  with  Jupiter's  eagle  ;  another 
with  Cybele'a  Uon  -,  and  win^d  genii 
and  Cnpids  became  angels  and  cherubs." 
— p. «,  \:ri. 

The  palm  may  have  been  an  ensign 
of  victor)' among  tJte  Pagans,  but  the 
Christians  used  it  not  on  that  ground  ; 
it  was  "  placed  in  the  hands  of  the 
saint  or  martyr,"  in  reference  to  the 
palms  which  St.  John  actually  saw 
in  the  hands  of  the  glorified  spi- 
rits   of  such    saints    and    martyrs.* 

•  Her-  eh.  ni.  t.  9. 


Vcnus's  dove  never  did  become  the 
Holy  Ghost,  for  the  third  person  in 
the  Sacred  Trinity  literally  appeared 
under  that  very  form  for  which  the 
Scriptures  themselves  may  be  vouch- 
ed, t  The  stag  was  not  Diana's  hut 
David's  hart,  "  panting  after  the  watei^j 
brooks,"^  neither  was  the  ph<enix  Ju- 
no's ]>eacock,  but  it  was  adopted  in 
consequence  of  Clement,  in  his  first 
epistle  lo  the  Corinthians,  expressly, 
naming  this  (as  we  now  know  it  t<H 
be),  fahletl  bird  (but  in  the  existence 
of  which,  and  its  reproduction  from 
its  own  ashes,  he  then  in  common  with 
the  rest  of  the  world,  believed)  as  "  a 
wonderful  type  of  the  resurrection." 
It  i»  nut  true  that  one  evangelist  waa 
gifted  with  Jupiter's  eagle,  nor  ano- 
ther with  Cybele's  lion  :  these  syra^ 
bnls  of  the  Evangelists  are  the  very 
forms  under  which  they  are  repre- 
sented in  the  visions  which  were  vouch- 
safed to  the  prophet  Ezekiel  and  to  St. 
John. 4  The  Lamb  is  assigned  by  the 
author  to  the  meek  and  faithful  Cliris- 
tian,  and  the  Saviour  is  said  to  be  re- 
presented under  this  form.  Why  he 
so  appears  is  obvious.  If  the  Baptist's 
designation  of  him  as  the  "  Lamb  of 
God,"  is  not  sufficient  to  vindicate 
the  Christian  origin  of  this  emblem. 
let  it  be  recollected  that  the  Saviour  in 
his  glorified  state,  appears  to  St.  John 
under  tlie  very  form  of  this  innocent 
creature.  II 

We  have  now  shown  that  the  '  whole 
menagerie  of  sacred  animals'  were 
not  adopted  by  our  Christians,  from 
the  influence  of  the  mean  and  con- 
temptible motives  with  which  they  are 
charged,  nor  from  mere  caprice,  but 
that  they  were  really  borrowed  from 
the  fountain  of  tiieir  religion,  the  sa- 
cred revelation. 

We  do  nut  think  Mr.  Hope  would 
have  made  a  wilful  misstatement  upon 
this  point,  but  we  fear  he  ha«  rather 
inconsiderately  followed  the  jeering 
assumptions  of  the  Gibbon  school,  in- 
stead of  judging  fur  himself. 

But  tn  return  to  the  buildings  from 
which  thia  digression  has  somewhat 


f  And  he  saw  the  spirit  of  God  A*- 
■ccnding  like  a  Dofft. — Matthew,  ch.  iU. 
f.  16. 

*  Ptalm  xliii. 

%  Ch.  i.  T.  10  ;  and  Re\.  <LtN.  \x.  ^ 

(\  liv  iVve  m\&«V  «.cs«A  *.  liawOUv— ^ 
^aVioT^  v\\.  V.  \.  V». 


6.;i 


Kevibw. — Hope's  H'utorical  Etsajf  o«  Areiiteetmre.       [JnM, 


led  Uft  afttray. — A  new  style  at  length 
arose,  which  m  de!»i£;nated  the  Lom- 
bard architi'cturc — a  btylc  more  exten- 
sively tliffii-'oi]  than  any  of  the  other 
modea  nf  buihling  of  the  niiilillr  age:*, 
except  the  I'ointod.  Coinpounded  of 
the  elcmont*  of  the  older  style*,  bor- 
row ini;  from  the  (i  reeks  the  elevated 
cupola,  and  from  the  Latins  the  length- 
ened imvo.  it  hupplaiittd  the  p<ipo- 
larity  nf  its  pri'd»»a'«sc)r>,  and  sprerfd 
itself  likf  wddtiri'  over  KurojH'.  In 
England  it  is  hettiT  known  by  the 
names  of  Saxon  and  Norman,  althim^h 
it  mu^t  bi>  owned  that  here  it  asoumed 
a  character  somewhat  of  its  own  ;  for, 
rejecting  the  cu[>ola  and  complicated 
ranges  of  arches,  and  assumiu!;  a 
greater  uniformity  in  its  detail  than 
io  the  eilitices  on  the  continent,  the 
buildinirs  of  Knirland  may  almost  he 
said  to  form  a  class  of  them>elve$. 

Tile  Lombard  style  was  "  in  part 
adopto<l  fioin  the  more  ancient  Ko- 
man  and  ny/.!iiitin«  ^tyle^,  in  part  dif- 
fering from  both,  neither  resembling 
the  H«)man  bnoilica  nor  the  Greek 
cross  an«l  cupola  ;"  it  is  distingui;»hed 
by  the  great  number  nf  nrchrs.  applied 
either  for  utility  nr  ornament ; — by  a 
multitude  of  .small  pillars,  many  of 
which  were  extrersKly  lofty  and 
■lender,  so  as  compiitely  to  warrant 
the  description  of  (  o-tsiodorus,  which 


In  England,  howerer,  a  removr 
still  further  from  Rome  and  Byzu> 
tiumwas  made  in  conseqaence  of  oar 
native  architects  aiming  at  the  con- 
struction of  their  own  designs ;  hence 
the  English  examples  of  this  style 
do  not  exist  so  fully  in  our  cathcdnb 
and  larger  churches,  as  they  are  ts 
be  sought  in  a  smaller  and  more  ob- 
scure class  of  buiklings,  in  the  towers 
of  Karls  Harton,  of  Barton  on  Humber, 
Krixworth,  and  many  others,  which 
shew,  in  the  angular  or  pedimeo:- 
formed  openings,  and  in  many  other 
particulars,  the  genuine  features  of  th« 
early  Lombard  style ;  and  at  Somp- 
ting,  in  Su8s>ex,  we  see  the  churrfc 
tower  is  finished  with  gahlis  over  tlie 
fuur  elevations  of  its  walls,  bearing  oc 
their  conjoined  summits  a  dwar&^h 
spire ;  a  very  common  feature  in  Loo- 
bardic  churches,  but  which  is  to  be 
seen  in  no  other  example  in  thiscooD* 
try;  and  in  no  one  class  of  buiidinp 
do  we  tind  more  perfect  remains  of  tSe 
Byzantine  corruptions  of  Roman  ir- 
chitecturc  than  in  the  round  towenof 
Suffolk  and  Norfolk,  decidedlr  dw 
oldest  specimens  of  church  architec- 
ture  in  this  country,  of  which  a  wr 
few  have  been  altered  or  rebuilt  in  the 
later  Pointed  style. 


either  rejected  as  spurious,  or  sup- 
posed to  ap|ily  to  the  Pointed  style, 
which  did  not  appear  until  many  cen- 
turies after  it  was  written.  In  its 
detail  it  e\idently  followed  the  Roman 
varieties  of  the  three  Orders,  and  it  is 


the  general  resemblance,  however,  was 
alone  retained,  the  acanthus  being 
supplanted  by  other  leaves  scarcely  less 
graceful,  as  may  be  seen  in  the  ca- 
thedral of  Canterbury,  and  many 
other  examples  inKngland.  It  is  un- 
necessary to  particularize  the  charac- 
teristics of  this  style,  which  is  well 
known  to  English  antiquaries,  further 
than  to  observe  that  in  the  early  ex- 
amples on  the  continent  aic  to  be 
foond  all  the  ornaments  and  architec- 
taral   detail    which  ^    '*»• 

hoildings  that   we  ^^ 

of  atyliog  Norman, 
8 


From  all  that   we  see  or  hear  upoi 

this  style,  it  appears   evident  that  the 

bv  some  who  are  unncfpiainU'd  with     circular  architecture  of  Eneland  with 

tiie  Ixtmbard   architecture,   has  been     the  Byzantine,  Lombardic     and  'manv 

other  species  which  arose  'on  the  di^ 
clmc  of  Rome.  are.  in  fact,  but  imito- 
tions,  as  near  as  the  builders  cotiH 
make  them,  of  the  parent  stuck — some 
are  more  removed  than  others  from 
the  original  standard,  but  all  retain 
to  be  observed  that  in  the  obvious  inii-  sufficient  of  the  features  of  the  proto- 
tation  of  the  Corinthian  capital,  great  type  to  shew  a  common  parentage. 
boldne.S8  and  cleEanco  are  displayed ;     In  St.  Alban's    is  witnessed    a  close 

imitation  of  the  finest  Roman  architec- 
ture; in  Romsey.  Norwich,  and  Dor- 
ham,  we  see  more  of  tlie  Lombanlic 
character. 

-rhc  architects  of  the  earliest  edifices 
in  England  acquired  their  knowledge  of 
building  in  Rome  The  masonic  bo- 
dies, the  sole  builders  of  the  middle 
ages,  issued  from  the  same  source; 
heP"-  It  !•  that  so  niuch  of  Lombaid 

'  ,^ii''"*^  ""^  Bvzantin. 

^oildings:  and  in  pro- 

r  •u*^7-*  architect 
r  the  Maaona.  mii 
»*  ^itb  tbcir 


IS35.]        Retiew.— ^Hope's  Hxatorkal  Etsay  on  Architeeture. 


of  butliling,  they  endeavoured  to  in- 
vent and  improve  upon  their  common 
cnodel,  and  from  this  cause  resulted 
the  peculiar  character  which  is  stamp- 
ed upoQ  English  buildings — a  charac* 
tcr  which  distinguishes  them  greatly 
4rom  the  contiocntal  specimens,  and 
may  almost  be  said  to  bestow  u)M]n 
them  somewhat  the  character  of  an 
iadepeodent  etyie. 

The  Pnintcil  arch  i«  attrttiiited  by 
the  author  to  a  formation  from  the 
disjecta  memitra  of  the  round,  induced 
by  mere  local  circumstances  of  expe- 
diency and  whim,  or  even  accident. 
In  churches  in  other  respects  round* 
headed,  some  arches  which  were  ne- 
cessarily compresMd  arc  pointed  ;  and 
he  instances  St.  German  des  Pr^  at 
Paris,  in  the  choir  of  which,  finished 
before  1014,  the  round  east  end  is 
composed  of  five  narrow  pointed 
arches,  and  at  St.  Denis  the  cathedral, 
whose  crypt  is  supposed  to  be  of  the 
time  of  Charlemagne,  and  at  any  rate 
preceding  the  era  of  the  regular 
pointed  architecture,  has  arches  com- 
pressed in  their  latitude,  and  pointed 
at  the  summit.  Numerous  ancient 
Pointed  arches  arc  also  noticed,  inter- 
mixed with  round  ones,  in  varioas 
Lombard  buildinga,  at  first  introduced 
as  an  expedient,  and  in  places  of  little 
consequence,  to  be  avoided  where 
there  was  room  for  others  -.  "  until 
that  much  latter  period,  when  the  pe- 
ctUiar  properties  of  the  Pointed  style 
caused  it  to  be  considered  as  an  ad- 
junct  preferable  to  all  others."  From 
the  very  important  station  the  pointed 
arch  at  first  held,  and  the  merely  ca- 
pricious use  which  was  then  made  of 
It.  "  the  question  of  its  origin  would 
be  as  difficult  to  solve  as  it  ia  aoiin- 
portant." — p.  318. 

Equally  involved  in  doubt  with  the 
origin,  is  the  country  which  produced 
the  Pointed  style,  and  these  doubts 
will  probably  never  be  cleared  up. 
The  Roman  style  we  have  seen  led 
the  way  to  the  Qyzantine  and  Lom- 
bard architecture.  After  the  latter  had 
been  formed  and  was  in  operation,  a 
particularly  formed  arch,  one  out  of 
many  shapes  which  had  arisen  upon 
the  depravity  of  the  circular,  wob  cho- 
sen a^  '' '•  '  ~  !iiig  feature  in  a  style 
still  II.  At  its  first  appear- 

k'  ,  (.d  an  ubiquity  of  cha- 
ia  found  in  all  parts  ;  and  aa 
Uo.  Vol.  III. 


it  no  where  appeared  in  a  state  of  per- 
fection and  completeness,  it  is  natu- 
ral to  conclude  that  the  date  and  lo- 
cality  of  its  origin  will  remain  enve- 
loped in  doubt  and  obscurity. 

After  very  summarily  dismissing  the 
claims  of  Englaad  to  the  honour  of 
being  the  parent  soil,  and  having  in- 
vestigated those  of  other  countries  of 
Europe,  the  author  gives  the  prefer- 
ence to  Germany.  "  I  believe  it  (the 
Painted  style)  to  be  the  property  of 
the  Germans;"  and  it  must  be  owned, 
that  the  most  majestic  and  colossal 
specimens  of  this  architecture  are  to  be 
found  there. 

Some  elucidation  of  the  obscure 
points  on  the  history  of  Pointed  ar- 
chitecture may  probably  be  made,  if 
the  lapse  of  time  should  bring  to  light, 
from  the  obscurity  of  some  monastic 
library,  the  original  designs  of  the 
architects  of  those  wonderful  piles,  the 
cathedrals  of  the  middle  ages.  A  faint 
hope  may  be  entertained  that  some  of 
them  are  still  in  existence. 

"  Of  the  detifas  for  the  priaciptl  rao- 
Bumenti  whose  hintory  I  have  here 
slictehed,  as  executed  or  intended,  few  or 
no  traces  hmve  been  left ;  because  the  ar- 
chitect4,  the  FrcemasoBS,  careftdly  con- 
cealed them  from  the  public  eye;  and 
probably,  wbenrappresseii,  destroyed,  in- 
stead of  teaching  tkem  to  others.  Some, 
however,  have  been  reeently  discovered 
among  the  archives  of  German  moaaa- 
tertea,  which  show  the  deep  sdance  and 
the  long  foresight,  and  the  complicated 
calcolations,  employed  at  their  execu- 
tion."— p.  462. 

We  have  not  space  to  investigate 
with  oar  author  the  causes  of  the 
decline  of  the  Pointed  style,  or  to 
travel  with  him  over  the  period  ex- 
tending from  its  downfall  to  that 
which  we  now  affectedly  call  the  re- 
vival of  the  ancient  architecture. 

The  treatise  w^a«  doubtless  intended 
for  publication ;  but  the  lamented 
death  of  the  author  hon  unhappily 
caused  his  work  to  be  lefl  in  an  in- 
complete state.  This  is  evident  from 
the  brevity  of  some  of  the  chapten 
and  the  incompleteness  of  others  ^  for 
instance,  the  chapter  on  Lombard 
civic  architecture  ia  lesa  than  a  single 
page,  and  that  on  the  doors  of  chorchea 
only  contains  twelve  lines.  The  illus- 
trations, ninety-seven  in  number,  are 
not  referred  to  w  the  body  of  the  workt 
4  L 


1835.] 


Review. — Heraud's  Descent  into  Hell. 


m 


torn :  and  All  uiiculkted,  or  shewing  ex- 
ternal spring,  couraeSf  marking  every 
higher  internal  floor ;  some  of  these 
Kturiea  offering  single  round-arched  win- 
fhm's,  othrra  clusttrs  of  two  or  three. 
Low  roofs  cover  their  top»." — p.  277. 

This  peculiarity  is  remarkable  ami 
iBteresting  to  the  Engliiih  reader,  as 
it  closely  agrees  with  the  style  of  the 
English  round  towers.  We  have  else- 
where observed,  that  they  arc  among 
the  mof  t  ancient  relics  in  this  country  ; 
their  B\v.aiitine  origin,  judging  from 
the  above  extract,  seems  more  than 
probable. 

We  now  reluctantly  close  this 
agreeable  work.  We  have  devoted  a 
large  space  to  its  consideration,  and 
re  may  in  conclusion  safely  charac- 
rizc  it  as  the  must  comprehensive 
lucidation  of  the  architecture  of  tlie 
liddle  ages  Tvhich  has  ever  appeared 
this  country.  What  a  work  might 
ive  been  produced,  if  the  author  bad 
fcn  enabled  to  complete  the  sketch 
rhich  he  has  drawn  with  such  a 
lustcrly  hand ! 


Thf-  Deicfntt  into  Hell.  8fc.     By  J.  A. 
iletaud. 

WE  do  not  know  that  we  can  sa- 
»fv  rllhi-r  the  author  of  thi^  poem, 
fin  ins  we 

re^.i  ly  the 

Vr'i.'  must  iO" 
iu  the  work ; 
judgment  to 
f,  whatever 
the  poet, 
in  his 


found  able  to  sound  the  depths  of  ita 
poetical  wisdom,  or  willing  to  excuse 
some  failings,  for  Ukc  sake  of  its  great 
and  undeniable  beauties.* 

We  do  not  approve  the  choice  of 
subject — the  Descent  of  Christ  into 
Hell :  for  it  is  one  that  most  reluctantly 
would  admit  any  addition  or  decora- 
tion, and  is  of  a  character  so  awful 
and  loysterJous,  as  to  reject  those 
graces  which  would  afford  the  variety 
necessary  to  the  poetic  fable.  To  pre-  , 
serve  the  proper  feriing,  to  collect  th#J 
necessary  materials,  to  produce  th« 
intended  cITect,  the  poet  must  avail 
himself  as  much  as  possible  of  the  re- 
vealed truths  and  the  language  of  tha 
divine  revelation  :  but  the  language  of' 
Scri])ture  can  seldom  Ik;  altered  with 
advantage :  its  sublimity  is  impaired 
as  its  simplicity  is  destroyed :  and. 
consequently,  its  brief  descriptions,  and'l 
its  concise  appropriate  language,  will 
only  be  weakened  even  by  the  most 
eloquent  additions.  Again,  we  look 
with  such  a  becoming  reverence  on  its 
very  confined  revelations,  and  aSix  to 
them  a  character  so  sacred  and  unap- 
proachable, that  we  cannot  consent  to 
see  them  cx|>andcd  with  fictitious  in- 
ventions, or  even  their  outline  filled 
up  with  what  might  be  called  probable 
materials.  Into  this  difficulty  Mr. 
Heraud's  choice  of  a  subject  has  led 
him  to  its  very  full  extent ,  and  so 
unconquerable  do  we  conceive  it  to 
be,  that  we  should  advise  him  to  re- 
linquish any  further  design  of  altera., 
tioo  or  improvement  in  the  work,  and  I 
to  apply  to  one  in  which  his  6nc  in- 
vention, his  poetical  conception,  his 
imagination  and  picturesque  powers, 
nay   have   scope   enough  to  display 


k(wp  iinimpnired  tfi''  <(i-'uifv  of  his  owa 

>ii.     '  Noi)  .  ncc  dcfen* 

:id  thr  buiiii  liicuee  ;  uiMPi 

'<il  hy  Ihr  (iul<ij'  ih<;  Mominj;  I'osAl 

I  Ua»  OH  finr  linrm  am  Miltiin,'   hh  if  I 


It  ft  '  trtir  f mi- III     '  ..n.i!  Ii.  r.  •  I  .\   r.  I'  »0  ] 
lit     f^iif-'htr,   u>nl  rli-yliriii    li^i>-j»ii-jr  ;* 

•ijil  'i.-  Ill  (lie  of  8ui'h  Un« 
(/lo  u'.'i'J :'  indeed,  *o  did 
i.:if>.     'I'fu*  Mi-iiiiiiK  pii*!  ituj.»  att 

'  a  tjrr.iid  I.I'd    '    ihiv  «i:   !i(||i|mii«a| 
litiiii  IliriUd  M)»«  '  tkt  i(cKcx\ 


698 


RE¥rsw« — Heraud'fi  Dneetit  into  Hell. 


[Jonci 


themselves  unrestrained  by  anything 
hut  the  salutary  rct^ulations  of  judg- 
ment and  taste.  It  is  in  vain  to  al- 
lege the  authority  of  Milton,  who  has 
expandt'd  a  few  lines  of  Genesis  into 
the  noblpst  of  all  poeras.  There  is 
BOthini^  in  the  minute  description  of 
Paradise,  or  the  beautiful  and  fanciful 
discourses  of  Adam  or  Eve,  that  is 
revolting  to  us.  In  the  account  of 
the  fallen  angela,  in  the  impieties  and 
blasphemies  which  filled  the  penal 
chambers  of  darkness  and  woe,  and 
in  the  blast  of  the  infernal  trumpet, 
there  is  often  an  impropririy  which 
eren  Milton  could  not  overcorae  ;  and 
the  conversation  between  the  persons 
of  the  Godhead  would  have  been  of 
imoittdble  difficulty  tu  form,  had  not 
Milton's  Arian  principles  of  the  Son's 
inferiority,  so  much  reduced  them. 
We  are  sare,  however,  even  granting 
Milton's  success,  that  Mr.  Heraud's 
logical  mind  would  not  persuade  him, 
that,  because  the  greatest  poet  has 
come  triumphant  out  of  considerable 
embarrassment  of  eubject,  he  should 
voluntarily  plunge  into  still  greater 
with  the  hopes  of  like  success;  and 
we  coDsider  Mr.  Lockhart's  lettiT  to 
him  to  be  as  distinguished  by  its  good 
sense,  and  sound  criticism,  as  it  is  by 
its  generous  and  kind  feeling.  There 
is  also  a  want  ol/aci,  of  story,  of  pro- 
gressive narrative,  of  imagery,  of 
change  of  subject,  of  anecdote  in  this 
poem,  all  attributable  to  tlie  same 
cause ;  that  cannot  be  said  of  Dant«, 
or  of  Milton,  or  Klopstock.  There  is 
alao  too  abstruse  and  metaphysical  a 
cast  of  thought  and  argument  per- 
vading the  whole,  for  any  but  the  very 
intelligent  and  learned  reader;  perhaps 
a  too  expanded  rhetoric,  an  araplitica- 
tion  of  language,  tike  some  of  tite  ob- 
scurer passages  in  Coleridge's  philo- 
sophical reveries ;  and  after  all,  there 
is  an  occasional  want  of  finish, — ex- 
pressions that  good  taste  would  not  ap- 
prove, and  the  mixture  of  the  nmpletl 
rxprcH^ions  of  Sdripturc.  with  the  rich 
and  almost  redundant  language  that 
overflows  them  on  either  side. 

As  for  instance,  p.  117. 

.Salrntion  on  bts  way  attendg 


A4  promis'd  to  thev  in  the  dsjs  of  old  : 
//v  eom*tk  to  Ihtt  ridtmjf  om  on  a»», 
^f  AoM  nmttimt  ^rk  mum  mr^rr  yrt  cm*. 
troPd, 
A  paffrtjf  UMj/rqfan'd. 


m 


Again. 
And  Lebanon,  nnd  Sirion  bolbra  tkae. 
Skip  likp  a  calf,  ami  like  an  imieoni 
In  youth  trofuUumi,  and  bg  maimnjrtt. 

Again, 
Fe&r  not,  for  lo  !  good  tiding*  I  de  bov. 
Great  joy,  that  shall  to  every  peopk  be. 
For  on  thii  day,  the  vfkii^wt  t^tAtftm, 
In  David'*  city  is  bora  omto  TB 
A  Saviour,  &c. 

Soch,  to  oar  mind,  appear  the  defect* 
of  this  work ;  and  an  the  result,  diCTcasC 
ahearineu  on  the  whole,  notwithstand* 
ingits  particular  beauties.aiid  the  vigocr 
of  the  poetical  conception.  We  have 
spoken  certainly  in  iaugiuwe  dilfirrijig 
from  "the  opinions  of  the  pretti" 
bat  we  are  certain  with  feelings  •• 
less  favourable  to  Mr.  Heraud,  fro* 
judgment  formed  with  rare,  after  n^ 
peated  perusal;  and  wo  therefore  hopa 
that  our  praise  will  derive  soae  rala* 
from  its  not  being  without  diacnBiBA- 
tion.  We  anticipate  gveat  thing!  ftim 
him  hereafter ;  there  is  a  Tigoor  «t 
thought,  an  extent  of  knowledge,  a 
true  poetical  sensibility,  aod  a  very 
eloquent  command  of  languaf^c,  which 
stamp  him  as  a  genuine  son  of  Apollo; 
and  when  bis  divine  afflatus  become* 
mixed  with  a  little  common  air.  it  will 
bear  him  aloft  in  those  middle  regtooa 
most  favourable  to  bis  flight,  and  do! 
inaccessible  to  mortal  eye.  For  the 
choice  of  his  metre,  we  have  not  moch 
to  say.  He  has  managed  it  extremely 
well ;  but  we  doubt  whether  it  will  be^ 
come  much  naturalised  among  ■>»  a* 
it  does  not  offer  sufficient  idifairtagM 
to  supersede  those  which  have  ben 
long  familiar.  The  fosr  first  Hnea  aiv 
nothing  but  the  uld  Elegiac  quatratar 
(which  perhaps  might  be  improved  hif 
its  stanzas  being  allowed  to  ran  into 
each  other),  and  the  want  of  a  certain 
close  in  the  lost  liaes  to  eense  and 
Boand,  we  think  is  felt :  and  which  ia 
blank  verse  is  given  by  the  tone  gra- 
dually winding  op  to  its  diapason  aiMl 
termination. 

We  would  not  willingly  leave  tuck 
a  poem  as  this,  without  (K>rae  ettractt 
that  would  Justify  our  o:  rioA 

also  do  honour  to  the  w>  I'  lat 

but  being  presaed  r<;  -e  mut 

content  ooFselve*  v  i)g  t»  • 

|tasftage,  which  we  tuuix  umuJi  liahla 
to  the  observation  wc  made  on  thr 
hazard  of  tilling  up  [■■•■'-  "^  '''••  Bocrrd 
tvaixali^e ,  which  au  I  rory  ha* 


h 


I 


1836.] 


Review. — Heraud's  Detcmt  into  Hell. 


629 


Wc  will  fairly  itirorm  Mr.  Hersud 
that  we  neither  like  the  design  nor  the 
lillififf  up  of  the  passage,  in  which  the 
Virgin,  after  the  Crucifixion,  makes  a 
long  harangric,  that  appear*  to  us  nanst 
fttrangv  and  unnatural.  Covild  the 
Virgia-motberthus  discourse,  when  her 
heart  was  pierced  with  sorrow,  and  the 
iron  had  entered  into  her  soul,  and  her 
divine  Son  was  yet  upon  the  cross? 
We  are  now  writing  beside  Coracci's 
line  and  well-known  picture  of  the 
same  awful  subject;  and  wc  feel  that 
the  painter  is  far  more  faithful  to  na- 
ture than  the  poet,  in  expressing  the 
unutterable  woe.  Again,  the  unknown 
stranger  whom  she  addresses  turns 
out  to  be  the  prophet  Isaiah,  and  con- 
seqacotly  his  account  of  himself  is  a 
fiction.  Again,  there  arc  Eurac  parts 
not  sufficiently  finished,  and  words 
introduced  for  the  sake  of  the  rhyme, 
which,  but  for  that  necessity,  never 
would  have  been  sufTered,  as,  in  the 
speech  of  Death, 

Lo  I  linngry  Charts  yawneth  to  resorb 

Into  his  Toid  immeasarable  womb 

The  breathing  universe.  Ready,  my  barb  ! 

The  first  tinne  Death's  pale  hone. 
was  ever  called  his  harb!  Really, 
'  ready  my  Suffolk  Punch/  would  have 
been  quite  as  endurable. 

Again,  p.  114, 

With  sorrow  him  we  lov'd,  we  sought  in 

vain. 
Then  ia  tlicTempIe  found  him  sitting  there 
Amid  the  Doctors,  in  debate  qf  pain. 
Again,  p.  \\9, 

Tlie  mutters  of  the  law  of  ipmvest  power 
Oaiit  ye — ^judgment — tnercy — faith — and 

dole 
The  petty  tithe  of  your  external  dower, 
Not  those  omit — nor  ihma—but  pag  the 

ithoh. 
And  p.  175, 

The  good  die  young,  yet  have  not  liv'd  in 

vain; 
For  wMon  is  the  grey  hair  unto  men : 
A  qratlflM  life,  old  age— A«w  gmt  their 

gmn  ! 

Nor  do  we  like  such  expressions  u 
•  Parcheth  with  cold  the  jtakicr  air  ;' 
which  indeed  we  do  not  understand. 
Nor  '  Halcyon  and  hallowed  be  the 
haunt,  oh!  Son  of  Man.'  '  Hallowed 
and  halcyon  be  thy  haunt.'  &c, 

Soch  are  some  of  the  more  promi- 
"*  defects  of  this  work.     It  ia  alto- 
oo  ftbetract  and  mttaphyaical ; 


there  ii  a  want  of  repose  in  its  man* 
ncr,  and  of  variety  in  it^  subject.  It 
is  deficient  in  simplicity,  in  pleasing 
incident,  in  gentleness  and  tenderness, 
and  its  descriptions  arc  wanting  in 
precision  and  just  colouring.  On  the 
other  hand,  there  is  throughout  a  l>old 
and  flowing  eloquence,  a  majesty  of 
language  in  the  best  parts,  a  high, 
severe  cast  of  thought,  with  something 
too  much  of  a  scholastic  subtlety  for 
general  approbation.  Mr.  Hcraud 
naa  printed  a  letter  which  he  received 
from  Mr.  Wordsworth,  saying,  "great 
poems  cannot  be  cast  into  a  mould. 
Homer's  certainly  was  not."  With  re- 
gard to  the  poems  that  pass  under  the 
name  of  Homeric,  no  doubt  can  now 
be  entertained  that  they  were  the  pro- 
duction of  different*  jHirsons,  at  dif- 
ferent periods  of  time.  The  Iliad  was 
the  grand  national  poem  of  Greece ; 
that,  like  the  great  national  temple  of 
modem  Rome,  was  built  by  successive 
architects.  U|Kin  a  general  plan,  sub- 
ject to  the  deviations  which  each  con- 
sidered would  lead  to  improvement. 

As  to  other  great  poems,  as  those 
of  Virgil,  Tasso,  and  Milton,  the  only 
mould  in  which  they  were  formed  wa» 
such  as  strung;  sense,  and  poetic  feel- 
ing, and  knowledge  of  poetic  art  would 
make  ;  certainly  they  were  not  flha|>ed 
and  fashioned  af^er  the  rules  of  criti- 
cism, or  referred  to  any  particular 
standard  of  imitation.  True  geniu» 
makes  its  own  laws,  and  breaks  through 
them  as  it  wills ;  but  when  it  does 
violate  them,  it  is  only  to  attain  its 
end  more  securely,  by  the  occasional 
deviation.  The  poems  of  Spenser  and 
Ariostu,  may  t>e  mentioned  as  those 
most  capricious,  irregular,  and  nnfi- 
ni5hi*d  in  form,  or  having  not  teen 
madp  in  a  moitld ;  and  we  venture  to 
say,  that  they  are  defective  therefore 
intheir  structure,  (perhaps  Mr.  Words- 
worth's own  poem  of  the  Excurtion 
might  also  come  into  the  same  class,) 
and  defective,  because  their  irregula- 
rity has  diminiirhed  the  degree  of  aa- 
tisfaction  and  delight  they  would  bate 
rrapaxted.  We  want  no  moulds  made 
by  Aristotle,  or  Bossu,  or  Rapin.  or 
even  by  Schlegel  or  Lessing ;  bat  we 

•  Professor  Thicrtch,  the  great  Ho- 
meric «cholar,  has,  it  it  said,  detected  at 
IcaKt  the  langw^  of  three  different  ^c- 
riodM  of  time  ia  lioncr. 


550 


Rrvikw. — History  of  Foundations  in  Manchester* 


[JOBC, 


^ 


consider  the  judicious  design  of  a  poem 
to  be  a  great  constituent  of  its  value 
and  its  success  ;  the  proportion  of  its 
parts,  the  distribution  of  its  materials; 
the  due  orrangctncat  of  its  subject: 
all  this  is  of  much  consequence,  and 
is  agreeable  to  our  feelings,  our  judg- 
ment, and  our  taste.  "  Give  rac  a 
good  outline,"  said  Annibal  Caracci, 
•'and  put  bricks  into  the  middle;" 
which  we  thus  alter  for  the  poet's 
guidance  : — '  Ciive  rac  a  good  outline, 
and  having  formed  that,  put  the  most 
valuable  materials  you  have  into  it ;  * 
the  judicious  disposal  will  increase 
their  beauty;  and  the  lustre  of  the 
gems  will  l>c  increased  by  the  elegance 
of  the  setting. 

JJiatory  of  the  Foundations  in  3/o«ip/j#s- 
tfT  of  Ckritt't  Collrife,  Cliptham's 
Hospital,  and  the  Free  Grammar 
Schoul.  3  voU.  4to. 

THIS  is  a  very  elaborate  and  cxcel- 
Icot  work,  curobioing  the  utmost  mi- 
nuteness of  detail,  necessary  in  local 
histories,  and  accuracy  and  extent  of 
research,  with  a  history  of  events  of 
generni  importance,  and  linking  them  to 
the  important  occurrences  of  history  : 
while  many  very  interesting  biogra- 
uhical  notices  are  dispersed  thoughout. 
This  work  is  founded  on  the  collections 
of  the  Ilev.  G.  Greswell,  Schoolmaster 
of  the  Ghctham  institution,  who  was 
for  several  years  employed  in  collect- 
ing materials  for  the  History  of  Man- 
chester; but  as  his  materials  were 
found  to  be  too  imperfect  to  publish. 
Or,  Hibbcrt  of  Edinburgh  undertook 
the  task  of  remodelling  tbem.  In  the 
history  of  the  Wardens  of  Manchester, 
Mr.  llollingsworth's  manuscripts  are 
pursued  as  the  chief  tent :  Mr.  Palmer 
ha^  given  a  very  luminous  and  excel- 
lent account  of  the  architecture  of  the 
collegiate  church ;  and  Mr.  W.  R. 
Wlmtton,  F.S.A.  has  completed  the 
work,  by  the  history  of  the  School. 
No  trouble  or  expense  seems  to  have 
been  spared  by  the  publishers  in  mak- 
ing their  work  both  copious  and  ex- 
act :  the  typography  is  handsome,  and 
the  plates  well  executed.  The  chief 
shore  of  the  work  is  undoubtedly  Dr. 
Hibbert's ;  and  the  library  of  Mr. 
Hey  wood  of  Swinton  I^ge  was  the 
juiiple  repository  of  his  richest  mate- 
rials,   llioae  iclating  to  the  cv^uu  o( 


Manchesterduriog  the  grand  Rebelk'n. 
arc  of  the  greatest  interest  ;  iod«rd  tiw 
annals  of  the    I'resbyterian  church  of 
Manchester,  will  form  a  curiutu  part 
of  the  general  history  of  these  tinier 
in  all  future  accounts.     Tlie  History  of 
the  School  in  the  third  volume  cootjuiu 
an  account  of  many   very    celcbratrd 
men  and  eminent   scholars  who  were 
educated  there;  we  could  have  wlahcd 
a  more  full  and  detailed  biography  gf 
such  persons  as  Cyril  Jackson.    Dr. 
Ogden,  Dr.  Winstanley,  &c.  especiatlj 
as  with  a  little  research,  some  curioas 
materials  would  not  have  been  want- 
iug.     But,  on  the  whole,  we  must  do 
justice  to  the  very  satisfactory  mojuter 
in   which  the  various   parts    of   the 
work   are   executed.     To   those  iatr- 
restcd   by    connexion     of    family,    or 
proximity  of  residence  with  Man^bf- 
tt-r,  it  will  be  a  store-house  of  inforow- 
tion,  aud,  as  we  have  said,  to  the  gv- 
neral  history  of  our  country   it  b^s 
brought  its  accession  of  materials.   To 
those  who  live  in  theconunercial  pros- 
pority.   and   the  busy    interests,   and 
gigantic  undertakings  of  the    modm 
Manchester,    it   will   be    pkiuing  to 
throw  back  occasionally  a  glancr  tm 
its  early  state,  and  view  tlie  huobtr- 
ness  of  its  origin,  the  simplicity  of  its 
ancient    mansions,    the   piety   of  its 
institutions    and   the   pri%-atc   worth 
and  puMic  spirit  of  its   benefactors; 
in  such  an  useful  and  interesting  in- 
quiry, this  work  will  Ix:  their  safnt 
guide. 


Revolutions  of  thf  Globf  famiKoHif  ir- 
tcriliMi.  By  Alex.  Bertraod,  MJ), 
12mo. 

THIS  is  a  very  excellent  compe». 
dium  of  the  researches  and  dtsoom* 
ries  of  geologists  and  men  of  scieoet, 
in  their  difTerent  departments,  with 
regard  to  the  formation  of  the  earth, 
its  changes  internal  and  on  the  stir* 
face  ;  the  successive  creations  of  oaj* 
maJs  and  plants,  and  the  pmb«li]e 
causes  of  their  alteration  and  extinc- 
tion.  As  fossil  (f minify  ttwns  GuvW 
for  its  illustrious  founder,  so  docs  tlw 
fossilized  xvgvtii ' '  '     '  look  to  the 

scarcely    less   <  d   name    of 

Adolphr  15tnn.';.  i  i.i  ii  work  which 
wdl  unite  nil  'i-ii  •  i en cc  possesses  on 
thtB  iui|M>rluiit  :-ul<ji'ct.  It  is  impos- 
fixhU  to  read  these  dilfvicut  works  on. 


1835.1 


Retikw. — Bcitrand's  Revolutions  of  the  Globe, 


631 


the  various  provinces  of  geology, 
to  weigh  the  theories  and  attend  to 
the  discoveries  of  mea  of  science, 
without  feeling  satisfied  that  truth  is 
dcvclo|}ing  itttelf.  and  that  with  no 
timid  or  reluctant  step ;  nor  without 
confesismg  that  these  theories  become 
far  more  philosophical,  as  the  facta  are 
more  numerous  and  more  scientifically 
flrrangfd,  on  which  they  are  built. 
Dr.  liertrand  has  most  wisely  ab- 
stained from  crossing  the  path  of  his 
scientific  investie^ations,  witli  doubts 
and  difficulties  drawn  from  the  Scrip- 
ture histories,  and  with  which  the 
geologist  has  no  more  concern  than 
the  astronomer  or  chemist.  For  our- 
aelves,  we  believe  that  more  perplexity 
than  was  at  all  necessary  has  arisen 
onthid  head,  from  its  not  being  con- 
sidered, that  while  the  moral  and  re- 
ligious portion  of  the  first  and  second 
chapter  of  Genesis,  that  which  speaks 
of  the  will  of  God,  and  his  commands, 
and  the  duties  that  arise  from  them  on 
the  part  of  man,  arc  to  be  understood 
strictly,  and  obeyed  reverentially ; — 
while  in  fact  t!ic  words  of  the  law- 
giver are  precise;  the  language  that 
18  appropriated  to  the  account  of  the 
creation,  and  adaption  of  the  materials 
of  the  earth,  «  nnl  icientific.  hut  po- 
pular:  for  the  language  of  the  Scrip- 
ture is  never  the  language  of  science, 
in  any  part,  or  on  any  subject. 

Knowing  that  the  discoveries  of 
geolugista  are  farh,  and  not  to  b«  de- 
nied or  controverted,  and  firmly  be- 
lieving the  historic  testimony  of  Scrip- 
ture, wc  thus  form  our  interpretation 
of  the  first  chapter  of  Genesis  : — ^That 
at  six  different  undffinablv  jteriodi  of 
tme,  (for  so  even  the  oKhodox  ta  well 
as  the  most  learned  commentatora  al- 
low, that  the  Hebrew  word  translated 
day»  may  mean.)  such  periods  as  are 
agreeable  to  what  we  see  and  know 
of  the  operations  of  nature,  which  are 
in  fact  a  continuation  of  the  former 
operations  of  God  himself;  believing 
that  the  work  of  God's  hands  were 
then  constructed  on  the  same  prin- 
ciples OB  they  are  now  ;  seeing  that  he 
IB  uachangeabte,  and  knowing  by  what 
a  kIow  Buccession  of  process  the  ope- 
rations of  nature  are  evolved,  we  be- 
that  these  intervals  and  periods 

time  were  of  very  great  cxtrnt,  from 

formation  of  the  earth,  to  the 

it  became   a  fit  habitation 

which  such  alterations  of 


its  strncture,  and  of  its  inhabitants, 
were  made,  as  were  originally  in- 
tended, and  as  were  beneficial  to  its 
great  ultimate  purpose — the  receptacle 
of  moral  and  religious  beings  for  a  li- 
mited period.  As  we  have  said,  the 
Scripture  is  not  a  book  that  teache 
science,  or  supposes  scientific  readers;-] 
but  as  its  instruction  alt  bears  on  the' 
moral  improvement  of  mnnkirad,  only 
so  much,  or  such  a  general  account  of 
the  creation  wa«  given,  as  would  im- 
press men  with  a  conviction  from  the 
highest  authority,  that  God  was  the 
Creator  of  the  Universe ;  and  then 
their  duties  to  him,  as  dependent  be- 
iugs,  necessarily  arose,  and  were; 
inculcated.  From  the  26th  verse 
the  first  chapter  of  Genesis,  the  his< 
tor)'  of  man  commences  ;  and  then  the^ 
moral,  and  religious,  and  cti'ii  history 
becomes  as  precise  as  it  is  authentic ; 
and  precise,  because  it  is  employed  on 
subjects  that  do  not  presuppose  the 
acquirement  of  study,  but  contaia 
such  historic  information  as  would  < 
conduce  to  man's  dutiful  submission , 
to  God's  moral  government,  the  obe-^j 
dience  of  his  will,  and  the  conformity 
of  his  actions  to  the  commandments 
revealed  to  him.  We  shall  only  fur- 
ther observe  on  this  subject,  that  the 
language  of  tlie  New  Testament  is  aa 
designedly  unnrientific  and  popular  as 
that  of  the  old  Scriptures,  which  proves 
its  general  purpose  so  to  be.  But  the 
discoveries  of  geology,  instead  of  op- 
posing the  testimony  of  scripture, 
have,  05  tliey  are  more  and  more  de- 
veloped and  extended,  gone  strictly 
to  confirm  it,  as  far  as  it  can  be  rea- 
sonably required  that  they  should  go. 
The  authority  of  Scripture  informs  us, 
that  the  present  order  of  things  took 
place  about  five  thousand  years  since, 
and  the  united  voice  of  the  geologist* 
will  inform  us,  that  alt  nniure  bearr 
tcitne»»  to  the  truth,  of  this  astertion. 
Now  it  is  on  this  point  we  stand.  We 
say,  here  the  prtciae  revelation  of  Scrip- 
ture closes :  and  what  mighty  works 
were  performed,  or  what  interval  ex- 
tended  between  the  original  creatioa 
of  the  earth,  and  its  being  placed  tm> 
der  the  dominion  of  man,  is  only  given 
in  such  a  very  grand  and  brief  out- 
line— in  such  undefined  and  general 
terms,  as  might  ensure  its  sole  pur-^ 
pose  of  inspiring  obedience  through  < 
belief.  The  Bible  is  amoral  and  reli* 
gious  history,  and  the  introduction  in 


Rbtibw.— Bertnnd's  Rtvokiioiu  </  the  Gielr. 


632 

the  first  chapter  of  Genesis,  is  such  as 
would  lay  a  broad  aod  general  basis  for 
moral  and  religious  instruction,  and  for 
nothing  else.  Moses  never  meant 
that  the  Israelites  should  be  employed 
in  digging  for  pterodactyles,  in  ar- 
ranging the  bones  of  mastodons,  in 
forming  theories  of  volcanos,  or  spe- 
culating  on  the  diminishing  heat  of 
die  globe  :  they  had  other  business  of 
importance  to  learn.  For  them,  to 
whom  it  was  originally  given,  the 
History  of  the  Creation  was  full 
enough  for  all  practical  purposes, 
and  co-extensive  with  their  powers  of 
comprehension ;  to  succeeding  and 
more  enlightened  generations,  the  de- 
ficiencies or  brevity  of  the  historic  tes- 
timony was  intended  to  be  followed 
up  and  supplied,  by  bringing  the  testi- 
mony of  Natwre  to  it — both  being 
equallf  the  te$timomf  of  God  himself, 
to  the  uforkt  qf  hi*  otcn  handt;  and, 
when  rightly  interpreted,  being  one 
and  the  same.  Surely  we  may  add 
the  very  command  of  retting  on  the 
seventh  day,  becamte  on  the  seventh 
day  God  completed  the  formation  of 
the  universe,  exhibits  strongly  the 
tnoral  tendency  of  the  revelation,  and 
tends  to  lessen  its  $cient\fie  character. 
Contemplating  it  in  this,  its  real  ten- 
dency, we  at  once  perceive  and  re- 
joice in  the  effects  it  would  produce, 
and  preserve  among  mankind  :  but  we 
shall  again,  fearless  of  the  cavils  of  the 
bigoted  and  the  ignorant,  observe, 
that  the  command  also  much  points 
out  the  character  of  the  people  to 
which  it  was  addressed  :  for  now  the 
observance  of  the  Sabbmth  is  no  longer 
dependant  on  the  period  of  creation. 
Nor  do  we  hesitate  to  say.  that  a 
time  may  come,  when  the  historic 
testimony  of  Genesis  may  be  completed 
by  the  powerful  and  authentic  tes- 
timony of  nature :  or,  in  other  words, 
that  under  the  will  of  the  Creator,  the 
testimony  of  his  great  primaeval  works 
may  be  changed.  We  can  conceive 
nothing  objectionable  to  the  most  de- 
vout theologian  in  this.  The  first 
chapter  of  Genesis  is  a  verbal  ac- 
count or  tradition  of  the  manner  and 
succession  of  the  creation  :  but  if  this 
history  or  account  is  superseded  (wc  do 
not  say  that  it  will  be)  by  the  facts 
themselves  being  brought  before  us, 
the  testimony  itself  remains  the  same, 
but  the  form  of  it  ia  c\»AS&dL.  TYv« 
9 


627 


science  of  geology  is  now  in  its  cradk: 
How  do  we  know  what  the  futnre  vic- 
tories of  science  may  be ;  what  new 
caverns  may  be  explored  ;  what  qoar- 
ries  excavated;   what   deptha  of  the 
earth  penetrated  ;  what  foeeil  remaiat 
brought  to  light ;   what  resources  of 
nature  watched  and  recorded  }    A  Us- 
torjf  nf  facts  is  valaable  to  posaeis; 
but  it  cannot   be   more   valnaUe  or 
more   authentic  than  the  /acts  them- 
selves: and  the  vadae  of  the  history 
diminishes  as  the  possesaion  of  tlit 
facts  increases.     We  aay  this  of  com- 
mon histories  :  the  value  of  the  sacred 
Chapter  still  remaina  the  same,  being 
an   immediate   revelation   from  God; 
and  as  one  of  his  revelatimks  cannot 
contradict  another,  the  discoveries  of 
science  can  never  be  found  at  variance 
with  it ;  but  they  may  fill  up  its  oat- 
lines,    explain   its   apparent  obecari- 
ties,  aod  supply  its  omissions.     We 
say  again,  the  account  of  the  creatioa 
came  to  Moses,  either  as  an  iwiifinfi 
revelation,   or  as    an    earlier  revela- 
tion through  tradition  ;  in  either  ooe, 
it  watf  given  to  a  man  who  was  nei- 
ther a  philosopher  nor  a  man  of  science, 
aod  who  had  to  reveal  it  to  a  non- 
scientific  people ;  therefore,  it  was  jast 
such  a  revelation  as  was  required.  The 
very  brevity  with  which  such  most 
interesting  and  important  facts  were 
delivered,  compared  to  the  fullness  of 
detail  subsequently  on  subjects  of  so 
much  less  importance,  also  shows  how 
general  its  information  was  intended 
to  be ;  and  larger  space  is  occupied  in 
the  account  of  building,  and  preparing 
and  filling  the  Ark,  than  in  the  whole 
formation  of  the  universe.     Nor  is  it 
at  all  difficult  to  account  for  this,  in- 
asmuch as  the  history  of  the  deluge,  in- 
cluding the  building  of  the  ark  by  Noah, 
formed  a  most  important  part  of  the 
account  of  God's  justly  incensed  feel- 
ings with  his  guilty  creatures,  and  was 
a  tremendous  record  of  the  outpouring 
of  his    indigaatvon,  when    universal 
crime  called  for  judgment.    All.  there- 
fore, we  ask  to  be  girant^tous  n. 
that  the  invea\;\««^»tj{jrtPJJJ^ 
be  permitte<\.  Xo  ^^''^H^IJIHHBfe^ 
it  wer»  -«"^ 
Sci 

jtt 
t 


J  833.] 


KevtBw. — Life  of  Thomai  Littacre. 


ri33 


^or 


iat»  as  St.  Paul  was  inspired,  his  doc> 
iaes  and  those  of  hia  blessed  Master 
ere  in  essence  the  same ;  but  unin> 
pired  men  have  tu  work  out  their 
uths  and  discoveries  through  much 
rror  and  with  rep«ated  failure,  and 
ith  great  toil ;  and  it  only  is.  when 
;cd  frum  this  error  by  the  furtifice, 

Eurified  from  its  defects,  that  we 
I  olTcr  these  fact«  to  the  accf  pta. 
lion  of  mankind.  Now  these  facts 
And  proofs  could  not  have  been  given 
~  y  Moses,  because  they  would  not  have 
iieeo understood  byhi«countrymcn;  but 
it  is  said,  the  revelations  of  Scrip- 
re  are  not  meant  to  be  confined  to 
the  compaaioDS  of  Moses,  or  even  to 
the  Israelites  of  succeeding  genera- 
tioDs,  but  were  intended  progressively 
aa  a  general  revelation  : — we  answer  in 
ent  with  the  proposition ;  but 
were  they  to  be  uuderstood  by 
'escendants  of  tlie  people,  or  by 
ure  and  long-removed  generations? 
ow,  but  a^  every  thing  obscured  by 
time  is  understood,  by  study  and  in- 
vestigation. The  other  obscure  piarls 
Scripture,  its  traditions,  manners, 
istoms,  and  events,  are  examined, 
weighed,  compared,  and  finally  eluci- 
dated, by  bringing  every  thing  to  bear 
on  them  which  can  reflect  light :  from 
excavations  in  the  tombs  of  Thebes, 
ou  confirm  the  history  of  the  slavery 
f  th<?  Israilites,  and  the  truth  of  the 
iHtoriau  ;  from  the  excavations  in  the 
•till  more  ancient  sepulchres  of  nature, 
you  bring  to  light  the  forms,  the  sub- 
stance  of  its  primieval  inhabitants, 
of  w^hich  Scripture  has  spoken  :  why 
refuse  such  testimony  on  the  one 
hand,  when  you  so  triumphantly  re- 
ceive it  at  the  other?  The  historic 
testimony  of  Moses  being  inspired  by 
the  Spirit  of  Truth,  most  of  necessity 
be  true ;  but  the  limit*  of  truth  and 
the  extent  of  revelation  may  be,  for 
particular  reasons,  bounded  in  a  cer- 
tain compass,  and  «»/y  a  {Uirtinn  (tf 
knovMgr  hf»(inrfii.  Lift  up.  then, 
the  torch  of  Science,  and  let  its  flame 
illuiuine  those  ancient  and  venerable 
racters,  the  earliest  and  most  sa- 
Hat  have  been  engraved  by  the 
the  inspired  lawgiver  and 
t  the  rock  of  time ;  reveal 
•V,  f^iipfily  their  defects, 
nification.  fill  up  llu-ir 
them  with  the  re- 
e  to  the  authority 
III. 


from  whence  they  proceeded  ;  aud  re^ 
collect,  as  you  contemplate  them, 
"  that  the  place  whereon  thou  standeet 
is  holy  ground." 

The  Life  nf  Thomas  Linarre,  by  S.  M. 

.lohasoD.M.D.  Edited  by  R.  Gravet. 

Sro. 

THIS  life  of  one  of  our  earliest 
Hcholurs  is  written  with  very  com- 
petent knowledge,  and  with  careful 
research.  The  biographer  has  know^n 
to  what  sources  of  information  to 
apply,  and  has  availed  himself  of 
them  :  we  cousjiler  it  worthy  of  taking 
its  rank  on  the  tiame  shelf  with  Chal- 
raers'»  Ruddiraan,  and  Ir\iog's  Life  of 
Buchanan.  When  we  look  into  the 
works  of  the  scholars  who  lived  in  the 
age  of  Liuiicre,  when  Learning  first 
rose  from  her  sleep,  an-i  the  golden 
remains  of  antiquity  were  nought  for 
and  valued  more  than  fine  gold  — 
though  we  are  obliged  oilen  to  confess 
the  imperfection  of  their  taste  in  their 
strange  choice  of  obscure  authors  for 
illustration,  the  harshness  and  pe- 
dantry of  their  style,  and  the  magis- 
terialauthority  of  their  oijinions;  yet 
we  must  always  feel  delighted  with 
the  vigour  of  their  studie*.  tiie  fresh- 
ness and  unbiassed  activity  of  their 
minds,  their  intense  love  of  study, 
their  profound  veneration  for  favour 
ite  authors,  their  preference  of  lite^ 
ture  for  ita  own  sake  to  all  worldly 
advantagea.  the  simplicity  and  even 
innocence  of  their  lives,  and  their  en- 
tire devotion  to  the  fascinating  pursuit 
of  exploring,  for  the  first  time,  the 
remains  of  antiquity,  and  bringing  be- 
fore their  eye*  the  treasures  of  a  reco- 
vered world.  It  would  be  useless  tu 
regret  that  such  feelings  cannot  be 
ours  ;  these  are  bright  sparkling  lights 
belonging  to  the  morning  alone,  and 
which  cannot  be  restored ;  but  per- 
haps we  may  with  justice  complain, 
that  we  are  beginning  scarcely  suffi- 
ciently to  value,  what  we  have  pos- 
sessed so  long;  that  custom  has 
dimmed  the  lustre  of  their  reverential 
names;  and  there  hardly  exists  a 
scholar  now,  at  least  in  our  own 
country,  and  wc  do  not  know  one 
such,  to  whom  the  tthnlf  ritrh  uf  an- 
tiifvily  u  knoxn.  A  few  of  Uie  most 
eminent  and  illuittrioas  authors  are 
still  read  and  understood ;  but  ^.^ 
r«*V.  Tiam«%  «*it»Vi  N^a-a.  ^«^*\^.«*^ 


I 


634 


Rkvibw.— Richardson's  English  Dictionary. 


[Jon 


I 


covered  with  dust,  and  mouldering  in 
neglect.       It   would    not   jierhaps    he 
difficult  to  state  the  probable  causes  of 
this  change  of  opinion  nnti  triste ;  nor 
would  it  be  rash  to  pro'^nost icate  that 
it  will  again  flow  back  into  its  old  and 
neglected  channels  :    hot  it   is  better 
for  us  to  go  back  to  our  volume  ;  and 
before  we  leave  it  to  i|UOtc  part  of  a 
vtr\-  agreeable  letter  of  Erasmus,   in 
which  he  presents  a  delightful  picture 
of  the  brotherhood  of  scholar-^  cuMected 
together  in  the  Court  of  King  Henry 
the  Eighthj  during  the  early  part  of 
his  reign.     What  a  contrast  docs  its 
brilliancy  form  with  the   gloom  and 
darkness  of  his  declining  years  ! 

"  The  King,"  says  Erasmus,  "  the  most 
jadicious  of  his  age,  delights  in  the  Uhernl 
arts.  The  Que^n,  ■  marvel  to  her  sex, 
and  his  equal  in  letteri*,  in  rut  les^  i'8ti> 
mahle  for  her  piety  thnn  for  lirr  Iciarning. 
Witb  these,  all  are  in  authority  who  excel 
ID  polite  literature,  in  discretion,  and  iu 
integrity.  To  Linarre,  a  man  of  whom 
coounendatioD  would  be  vain,  since  his 
excellence  would  be  proclaimed  by  bis 
writiDgs,  is  aBsii;iied  the  office  of  physi- 
cian. Turutall  is  Keeper  of  the  Privy 
Seal,  nor  will  it  be  credited  what  a  world 
of  excellence  is  comprised  in  the  mention 
of  his  name.  More,  the  chief  delight,  not 
only  of  the  Muses,  but  of  mirth  and  the 
Graces,  aod  of  whose  genius  an  idea  may 
he  formed  from  his  writings,  is  of  the 
council.  Pace}/,  all  but  allied  to  him,  is 
Secretary  of  State.  Mounfjoy  presides 
over  the  household  of  the  Queen.  Colet 
is  the  preacher ;  nadStokeglej/,  who  yields 
to  none  in  scholastic  theology,  and  the 
roaster  of  three  languages,  the  priest. 
Whilst  such  characters  adorn  the  court, 
it  is  less  a  palal^e  than  an  ncadetuy  of 
learning,  to  which  Athens,  !he  I'orlico, 
or  the  Schools  of  andquit};',  might  yield 
the  preference." 

We  shall  only  add,  with  reference  to 
p.  187.  that  we  conceive  the  passage 
quoted,  accompanied  with  a  proper 
inter|>retattoo,  totally  acquits  Linturf 
of  the  charge  cf  doubting  the  truth  of 
Christianity;  and  his  apeech,  if  truly 
reported,  is  simply  intended  to  be  an 
indignant  and  vehement  censote  on 
the  profaneness  of  'be  age. 


A  Diflinnary  t^f  ihr  English  l^nguagt, 
(|  Charles  Uichardaon.    Part*  I  —4 . 

IT  it  almoftt  like  uttering  a  atale 
tmifini,  to  a«sert  that  thought. aud  4»a- 


guage  are  intiniately  conoected  ;  that. 
as  we  think  throug;h   tbe  meditini  ri 
words,  n<fur  thoaghts  lead  to  the  neces- 
sity of  forming  hmt  irords  ;   thatevrrr 
ftccesfeion  to  our   knowledge  increase* 
the  riohoess  of  our  tongue  ;  and  tiul 
the  tnapiovcnients  in  arts  and  science*, 
which   make  life   more   contnaodiom. 
and  Bociet)'  more   elegant   and    ntore 
dignified,     also    give     to     estab)iahc4 
words  a  more  copiotis   and   compre* 
hensivc  meaning,  or   form   such  a*w 
ones  as  may  express    the  thing  •%• 
nitied    with    the    greatest    eiactaeaa, 
brevity,    and    cleame**.       Since    the 
year  1755,    when   Dr.  John«oo   prjb- 
iished  that  dictionary  whtch  was  tW 
honourable  labour  of  many  toil»MBe 
years,  not  only  the  whole  body  of  att 
and  science  has  been   fipringing  for> 
ward  with  a  force  and  swif\ne«a,  that, 
after   the   roost    brilliant    drjtcoveno 
and  painful  investigations,  still  abova 
its    energies   unimpaired,     or    rmlbtT 
advancing  from  its  past  roDqae»t9  to 
new  victories;  but  in  every  direction, 
and  from  every  source,  the  eager  and 
inquisitive  mind  of  man  has  b<e>?o  cx- 
totiding   its   inqairies,    and    hrirciru- 
vast  accessions  of  knou  I 
remotest  quarters  and  i 
recesses,  to  add  to  the  common  »tock 
of  information  :   we  need   not  ibert- 
fore  wonder  if  the  labour*,  of  the  Lresi> 
coprapher  were  loudly  called    for,  ta 
collect  and  arrange  these  new  atu}  !■<• 
tercsting   terms    of    scienre,     and  to 
stamp  the  signet  of  his  n:  '>  oa 

the  manner   in  which  tl<  ■  tti 

formed.  This  cause  aloxie  w<iu  >  i  i.. 
shewn  the  necessity  of  a  more  i . 

Dictionarj* ;  but  wli  ■:■  -\'  r,    n 

that  our  former  h^  -.    i-   i 

Johnson  to  Todd, ..<f,.,uijv 

deficient  in  the  knowledge  of  tha«e 
very  languages  from  which  our  own 
IB  formed  ;  that  they  neither  knew  its 
parent  the  Saxoo,  nur  the  rnfual* 
and  sister  language*  of  iLe  other 
northern  countries  in  Europ* ;  aod 
that  from  this  ignorance,  the  gr««t*«| 
errors  and  defects  have  proceeded  ( 
and,  lastly,  that  they  were  aa  wantiag 
in  a  phHf>tt'phical  tyttfu  ^f  jma* 
maticat  iwltirtion.  «»  thtf  trn^  m  pM' 
lologirol  informntiom ;  and  that  tMr 
bulky  voluntes  are  oHen  merv  uobl* 
formed  and  brute  masf^rs  nf  cOMbir* 
ftome  and  useless  learning  ;  we  nay, 
ubdcr  these  circum  stances,  well  be- 


i 


i 


1835.] 


Rbvxbw. — Loudou's  Arboretum   BritannicuM. 


lieve  tl)ftt  the  demand  for  a  Dic- 
tioaary  of  the  English  language,  co- 
exteo&tve  wlih  our  wants,  and  equal 
to  the  just  expectations  of  those  who 
possess  a  retincd,  copious,  elegant, 
and  scientitic  language,  baa  long  been 
loudly  made,  but  made  in  vain.  We 
think,  however,  that  our  wi'.hes  arc 
now  near  their  accomplishment,  and 
that  Mr.  Ricbardbon  has  not  only 
eclipsed  all  hia  predecessors,  for  that 
would  Qut  be  saying  much,  but  haa, 
in  a  great  degree,  fulfilled  those  con. 
ditions  which  we  have  meotiuucd, 
and  supplied  thoi>e  defects  which  are 
to  be  found  in  every  earlier  work  of 
the  ftarae  kind.  Mr.  Richardson  has 
founded  hi&  leading  principles  on  those 
of  Morne  Tooke,  as  regards  the  ex- 
planation of  words  ;  with  regard  to 
the  authvriliet,  he  has  arrotiged  them 
under  periods  of  chronological  suc- 
cession, from  Chaucer,  Wicliff,  and 
Gower,  down  to  the  period  imme- 
diately preceding  our  own,  thus  af- 
fording a  most  interesting  authentic 
history  of  Uie  whole  descent  uf  the  lan- 
guage, from  the  time  when  it  emerged 
out  of  the  arms  of  its  Saxon  parent, 
till  it  received  iU  latest  polish,  and 
grace,  and  beauty,  in  the  pages  of 
Addison,  and  of  Hume,  of  Gold- 
smith, and  their  great  contemporaries. 
Many  provincial  glossaries  have  also 
of  laic  years  been  published  by  very 
learned  and  ini]uisitivc  antiquaries, 
throwing  light,  not  otherwise  to  be 
found,  on  obsolete  or  half-furgotten 
words ;  of  these  the  author  has  availed 
himself,  as  well  of  others  which  have 
been  appended  to  the  elaborate  edi- 
tions of  Shakspeare  and  our  old  pc^ts. 
In  other  and  inferior  handb  this  oc- 
cumiitatiuu  of  wealth  might  have 
been  only  a  splendid  incumbrance ; 
in  Mr.  Kichardson,  it  is  so  ably  dis- 
posed, and  so  judiciously  used,  as  to 
leave  nothing  to  be  desired  by  one 
who  is  anxious  to  survey  at  once  the 
\vholc  circle  of  our  growing  tongue. 
In  the  word  '  abolish,'  the  authu< 
ritici  arc  in  this  order — Hall,  Jewell, 
Bale,  Udal,  SirT.  More,  Bible,  Spen- 
scr.  Dryden,  Swift,  Warburton.  '  Ab- 
ktinencf'  has  the  following  aulbn- 
ntiei — VVicltf,  Bible,  Chaucer,  Eliot, 
Mall,  Milton,  Taylor,  Beaumont  and 
Fletcher,  Donne,  Shakspeare*,  Burnet, 
Clarke.   Tillotson,    Cowper,  Gibbon. 


•  Aggrievance' — R.  Brunne,  P.  Plough- 
man, Chaucer,  Surrey,  Wyatt,  Sir  T. 
More,  Beaumont  and  Fletcher,  Mil- 
ton, South.  '  Article,  Articulate' — 
Fabyao,  Joye,  F.lyot,  Holland.  Selden, 
Habington,  Milton.  Howell.  Sir  T. 
Brown.  Wilkins,  Wolla.ston,  Walpole, 
State  TriaU,  Paley.  Porteus.  Under 
the  word  '  Carnivorous'  we  find  the 
following  list  of  examples — Sir  T, 
More,  Sir  T.  Elyot,  Joye,  Tyndale, 
Udale,  Holland,  Burton,  Fox,  An- 
derson, Scott,  J.  Taylor,  Hale,  SpeU 
man,  Addison,  South.  NcUon,  Kay, 
Boyle,  Goldsmith,  Burke.  It  is  evi. 
dent  that,  with  authorities  at  once  so 
copious  and  so  judiciously  selected. 
the  whole  riches  uf  our  language  will 
be  poured  into  the  work  of  the  lexi- 
cographer, and  that  each  word  may  be 
traced,  like  a  river  descending  from  its 
fountain  along  its  sinuous  and  chang- 
ing course.  Nor  would  it  be  an  un- 
pleasing  or  unproductive  task,  to  as- 
certain, by  the  quotations  from  wri- 
ters of  different  ages,  the  particular 
branches  of  study  that  were  the  fa- 
vourites of  their  respective  Eras  : 
thus  will  their  language  reflect  a 
light,  by  which  we  can  airivc  at  a 
knowledge  of  their  acquirements.  It 
will  be  perceived  that  modern  writer* 
draw  more  illustrations  from  sctVaoe 
than  the  ancient ;  that  their  style  is 
less  figurative  and  metaphorical,  and 
loses  much  of  the  antique  and  vene- 
rable cast  of  its  Teutonic  character. 
To  possess  a  work  which  will  afford 
materials  for  so  interesting  and  va- 
luable a  study,  is  of  the  first  im- 
portance, and  wc  honestly  and  im- 
partially assert,  that  they  will  be 
foBod  in  DO  Dictioneu-y  of  oar  lan- 
fcuage  we.  are  acquainted  with,  bot 
the  one  before  us. 


Arbonhm  Jiritunnicvm,  No*.  HI.  IF. 
By  S.  C.  LoudoD. 

THE  introduction  to  these  two  nam- 
bers  of  this  work,  is  of  great  interest 
and  curiosity.  It  contains  an  account 
of  the  different  periods  of  the  intro- 
duction of  foreign  trees  and  shrubs  into 
England,  formed  with  great  exactnesa 
from  herbals,  the  catalogues  of  nar- 
Ber\'men,  magazmes,  and  other  com- 
petent authorities ;  aod  it  then  pro- 
ceeds to  gire  u>  some  very  enter 


I 


I 


4 


Revijcw. — Loudon's  Arboretum  BritanHtcum 


^ 


^ 


talning  information  cnnrerning  those 
persons  wliose  love  of  nature  and  of 
science,  and  whose  taste  for  gardening 
induced  theni  to  irapurl  plants  from 
distant  countries,  or  to  propagate  and 
cultivate  Lheni  with  care,  as  soon  as 
they  were  to  be  procured  from  the  im- 
porters. It  then  proceeds  to  enu- 
merate the  early  establishments  of  the 
nurserymen  and  florists.  We  have 
nothing  to  add  at  present  to  the  very 
ample  information  which  Mr.  Loudon 
has  afforded,  but  to  say  that  Hunt's 
nurser)'  at  I'utney  (now  Mr.  Howcy's) 
contains  probably  the  finest  Sassaftas- 
tree  in  England,  nest  to  that  in  Kew ; 
a  very  fine  specimen  of  the  Cypressus 
sempervirens,  and  one  of  the  finest 
flowering  pomegranates  ever  seen  ;  and 
that  the  Fulham  oak,*  the  Champion 
oak,  and  the  Cork-tree,  in  Whitley's 
nursery  at  Fulham,  are  probably  un- 
rivalled. Mr,  Loudon's  mention  of  the 
line  Cemfrro  pines  at  Ridgeway  House, 
reminds  us  to  inform  him  that  Saus- 
6ure.  in  his  very  scientific  and  inte- 
resting Voyage  sur  les  Alpes,  has  ob- 
served  that  the  Cembro  pine  of  the 
Alps  is  not  the  same  tr^e  as  the  pinr  uf 
Sihpria,  which  is  commonly  calted  by 
the  same  name,  and  is  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Siberian  cedar.  Saussure 
accurately  distinguishes  the  difference 
between  them  in  form  ami  growth, 
which  we  were  not  previously  aware 
iif.  This  tree  is  the  hardiest  of  the 
pines,  while  at  the  same  time  its 
wood  is  the  softest.  The  enumeration 
at  p.  70,  of  the  trees  at  Paine's-hill.f 
Cobharo,  planted  about  1735,  reminds 
us  to  request  Mr.  Loudon  to  furnish 

♦  We  should  like  tu  kuow  jf  this  F^l- 
kam  oak  is  a  tjieciet  or  rariffj/,  and  what 
is  the  champion  oak,  which  h&s  the  mottt 
ample  and  rii-L  fultage  of  any  oak  we  ever 
saw  ?  }<ome  of  the  leaves  of  our  »|icci- 
mens  arc  teu  inches  in  length  ;  fterhap« 
Mr.  Loudou  will  inform  ii».  We  tihnuld 
lik*'  also  to  know  if  the  entire-ltarfd 
tmlip.trte  is  simply  a  variety  of  the 
other,  nnd  whether  produced  in  England 
from  hud,  or  importe«l  from  Auiericn  ?  and 
whether  the  young  tulip.tree  might  not 
be  brought  into  flower  early,  by  budding 
it  from  the  flowering-braurheii  of  the  old  ? 

+  As  Mr.  Loudon  ig  justly  anxious  to 
make  his  work  oa  accurate  at  he  can, 
wr  mention  that  the  hou.-w  at  Paine'a- 
hill.  (now  inhabited  by  Mr.  Cooper,)  is 
either  built,  or  completely  altered  hr  Mr. 


ns  with  any  information  he  can,  re- 
garding the   r^latitt    duratiom  u  tka 
cuuHtry  and  climate  of  the  mott  bm*- 
tiful   and   ralucbte    exotic   trrei ;   tlit* 
would   be  hfgbiy    iuteresting    to  tJr 
planter,   and    we   know    of  no    irori 
that  has  treated  on   it.      We  otucrred 
some   of  the    fine    AmericAO   oaks  il 
Paine'a-hill  in  an    apparent   state  of 
decay,  while  the  cedara  of  Lcbaoim 
Iiavc  not  yet  attained  half  their  aitf. 
Another  point  will  also  form  a  nMMl 
agreeable   article    of  information,   as 
connected  with  the  former,   viz.   the 
relativr  size  to  ichich  foreij^  tren  ar- 
rive  in    thit   and    their    naiive    epam- 
trtpg.     We  believe   that   none  of  t^ 
North  American  trees  affords   a«  uy 
idea  of  the  majesty  and  amplitude  ct 
their    growth    in  their    own    foreits: 
tlierr    the    plane-tree    towers    to   the 
height  of  tw^o  hundred  feet ;  the  tatip* 
tree  and  the  walnut,   to  an   eiwnaoai 
bulk ;    and     the    cupresnu    dutitht^ 
which  with  us    is    always  amall  ia 
size,  and  premature  in  decay,  ia  tke 
largett  tree  knoKn  in   the  world.    Oiir 
oriental    planes  are  wand4   compared 
to  those  in  Greece  and  even  in  Italy, 
and  50  are  the  ilexes  ;  while  Uic  */mr 
pinr  I  of  Italy,  when  planted  in  Eng- 
land,   never   assumes    the    stalelioeM 
and   beauty   of    its   natural    growth, 
under  the  balmy  airs  and  genial  tun- 
shine  of  that  delightful  country.    Uo- 
race  calls  it  '  pinus  ingens.'   s  trna 
totally    inappropriate    tu    our    speci- 
mens.    We   believe  that    the   horse- 
chesnut   has   never   been  seen   in   it* 
native  habitation,   and    therefore  wr 
cannot  judge  of  its  size  in  Asia. 


Dtcimut  Burton.  Mr.  Bond  HopkiiM'ft 
was  \ery  small.  Mr.  Hamilton'*  Mood 
nearer  the  road.  Wc  alio  mention  ckMK 
the  subscript  tou-|irarden  in  Ca4cigaa> 
place  uo  lunger  cxiKt«;  and  that  tbefC 
appears  a  little  mistake  in  the  «£09«nt 
of  the  progre*»ivc  growth  of  Mr.  f  Inl'a 
cedars  at  Purser's-crow,  (p.  T'i,)  wint* 
the  growth  in  1HU9  b  made  teaa  tJiaa 
thatof  It^UH.  Should  not  th<rngvr«s9, 
1 1 ,  and  9,  f),  lie  transposed  i  The  *  S^' 
phora  JBponica'  in  thi«  garden  ia  faat  4U> 
cajing,  planted  in  ITSti. 

(  There  wa.«  a  fine  grow  of  tbeoe  tnm 
in  the  Caseina,  near  Florence.  We  r^ 
member  their  being  cut  down  :  on  Mk» 
ing  the  workmen  the  reason,  the  atM««r 
wa« — '  least  the  eonra  should  fall  «»n  Iks 
heads  of  the  Grand  Oukc's  children !  t* 


y 


d 


1835.]     Review. — Arboretum  Brilannicum. 


* 


Leaving,  however,  thia  subject  to 
Mr.  Loudon's  more  extensive  obser- 
vation, we  will  present  him,  and  the 
lovers  of  Hora,  with  a  list  which  wc 
made  la.'it  stummer,  of  the  plants  grow- 
ing on  the  south  wall  of  the  Horticul- 
tural Garden  at  Chlswick  ;  many  of 
which  ate  of  late  introduction,  and 
which  in  winter  receive  the  protection 
of  matB,  till  their  ability  to  stand  our 
climate  i;  ascertained. 

1.  So^ia  lleterophylla. 

2.  Fuschia  excorticata. 

3.  Glycine  Sin.  Westeria.  (hardy.) 

4.  Casuarina  stricta. 

5.  Banksia  littoralis. 

6.  Pyius  variolosa.     NepauL 

7.  Hakea  aciculads. 
S.  Eucadyptua  pulvigera. 

9.  Diospyros  lotus,  (hardy.) 

10.  Solanuni  criapum. 

H.  £ucalyptus  robusta.    N.  Holl. 

12.  Mimosa  spin ata.     Chili. 

13.  Acacia  deal l>ata.  Van  Diemen's 

Land,  (tolerably  hardy.} 

14.  Eucalyptus  diversifolia.  N.  Hoi. 

15.  Edwardsia  grandiflora.      New 

Zealand. 

16.  Lupinus  tomcotosus. 

17.  Magnolia  stricta. 

18.  Acau:ia  linearis.      V.  D.  Laod. 

19.  Prosapis.     Chili. 

20.  Castanocarpa  Australia. 

31.  Acacia  juniperina.     \.  Holl. 

22.  Viburnum  odoratissimuin.     Ch. 

33.  Mimoaa julibrvsiin.     (hardy.)* 

34.  Viburnum  cotinifolium.  NepauL 

25.  Guonymus  Hatniltonianus. 

26.  Arbutus  prucera. 

27.  Salix  Humboldt.    S.  America. 
2S.  Araucaria  Krasiliana. 

29.  Chionanthus  fragraas. 

30.  Crataegus  Mesiraoa. 

31.  Crataegus  glauca.     NepauL 

32.  Rhus  heterophyllum. 

33.  Fraxinua  floribunda.     Nepaul. 

34.  Lithrea  Caustica. 

35.  Metrosidoros  laaceolata.  N.Hol. 

36.  Duvana  dcatata. 

37.  Indigufera  spiooaa.     Nepaul. 

*  Does  the  Mimosa  JalibrusiobloBsom 
in  England  ?  does  it  grow  as  a  standard  ? 
It  ia  sern  as  ■  standard  at  Paris  and 
Rouen.  It  fornix  the  beauty  of  the  gar- 
d<MU  of  Constantinople,  Venice,  Bologna, 
MiUn,  and  tlie  Borromean  I«laad<i.  The 
'  Ai.i'.'ia  dcslbat*,*  its  c<(ual  in  beauty, 
appoars  to  grow  as  a  staodAnl  ui  Devon- 
re. 


41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 


49. 
50. 
51. 
53. 
53, 
54. 
55. 
56. 
57. 
68. 


38.  Dr\'andra  formoaa. 

39'  Prostanthera  lasianthos.  N.HoL 

40.  Acacia  dealbata.    Swan  River. 

Pittosporumundulatum.  N.HoL 

Edwardisia  sp.     Mr.  Lone. 

Escallonia  rubra. 

Kagonecbin  Boheri. 

Uschetzia  Hava. 

Ribes  punctatus.     CHiiU. 

47.  Duvana  dependens. 

48.  Duvana  ovata. 
Ceaaothus  azareus. 
Colletia  spioosa. 
Hakea  ferrugenia. 
Banksia  occidenlalis.  > 
Acacia  verlicillita. 
Volkameria  inerniis. 
Lupinus  arboreua. 
Acacia  Lopbantica.  N.  Holland. 
Astnim  nocturnum. 
Escaitonia  Montevidensis. 

59.  Edwardsia  chrysophylla. 

60.  Escallonia  pulverulenta. 

61.  Euonymus  Hamiltonianua. 

62.  Acacia  graveolens. 

63.  Acacia  melanoxyleo. 

64.  Sphacite  campanulata. 

65.  Lycium  Boerhaavefolium. 

66.  Magnolia  Alexandrina. 

67.  Berberis  fascicularis.  California. 

68.  Brachyglottis  repauda.      New 

Zealand. 
Some  of   these   plants  have   little 
beauty  ;  but  others,  as  the  toUia,  show 
splendid  blossoms,    and  the  acaciaa.] 
and   mimosas  beautifol   and   delicat«^ 
foliage.     We   shall    be  glad   to    meet  i 
Mr.  Loudon  again,  when  we  shall  en« 
deavour,  in  our  humble  way,  to  assist 
and  promote  his  excellent  work,   re- 
collecting, in  the  words  ofColumella, — 
"  Cultus  hortorum  insigniter  neglec- 
tus  quondam  veteribus  agricolis,  nunc 
est  vel  celeberrimus  ;  quare,  qnoniam 
et  fructus  magis  in  usu  est,  diligen- 
tius  nobis,  quam  tradiderunt  majores, 
pnecipiendas  est." 
Benhatl,  May  10,  1835.  J.  M. 


Iloratii  Opera,  ex  receiwoiw  F.  G. 
Dotting,  with  explanatory  notea  by 
Charles  Anthon,  LL.  D. 

NOTWITHSTANDING  the  nume- 
rous  editions  of  Horace,  from  that  of 
the  Forty  Commentators  downwards, 
and  the  great  abilities  and  erudition  of 
the  editors  and  critics,  there  ia  ampir  < 
room  for  as  many  more  ;  for  the  fact 
'i»t  that  tha  Bton-hnuu.  «f  a  ^[rvnx  ^«»- 


6S8      Rbtibw.— Doering's  Horace, — Dalad's  Amdectm  Grwem.    [Jo*, 

worthy  predecessor :  I  tkayfm  n- 
$tore  the  detknmed  wumarek  h  iii 
rightful  place. 

"  Falsnt  honor  jvvmt,  et  "^^Mit  iafiuui 
terret 
Qoem  nisi  vemtoemm  eC  mendnoem? " 

Fake  honoar  delights  the  vain  flnl| 
hragyedodo,  and  lying  infamy  frig^u 
ens  the  liar  with  his  own  weapoaL 
I  thus  get  rid  both  of  mtmitnwm  oW 
mediamdMrn,  and  place  two  eflfectiTe  aad 
precise  words  in  their  stead.  And  now, 
in  order  to  support  my  eoiycctare, 
with  authority.  I  bring  forward  Se- 
neca  de  Ir&,  toI.  iii.  c.  Tiii.  p.  106.— 
'  VeotosQs  et  mendaa,'  where  he  h«I 
this  very  expression  of  Horace  in  hit 
eye. — See  Prudentii  Harm.  ▼.  437, 
'  Vrnio*«t  scandit  &stigia  fanue* — slso 
Paych.  194,  'Tentosa  virago.'  Widi 
all  due  respect  to  the  great  names  of 
Bentley  aiA)  Markland,  and  later  cri- 
tics, who  have  employed  themaehm 
on  this  passage,  I  fearlessly  ask,  if 
the  lawt  qf  critieum  womld  mot  decree 
that  my  reading  tkould  /oAe  plmee  rf 
the  former.  How  did  *  mendoson' 
get  into  the  text  ?  Why,  by  the  cor- 
ruption of  "ventosum,"  which  oc- 
curred from  a  mistake  only  of  two 
letters.  I  conclude,  by  saying,  that 
if  Mr.  Tate  would  so  far  honoar  ae, 
as  to  give  his  high  sanction  to  mr 
attempt  to  restore  one  lost  feather  to 
the  wings  of  the  Sabine  swan,  I  shall 
feel  highly  gratified  by  his  approbation. 
Benhall.  J.  M. 


aicoi  amthor  eammt  be  eatham$ted ;  much 
learning  mnst  sapply,  moch  conjec- 
ture restore,  much  ingenuity  explain  ; 
bat  as  long  as  learning  is  confined, 
conjecture  dabioas,  and  ingenuity  of- 
ten erroneous,  so  long  will  pile  be 
built  on  pile,  and  the  changing  fabric 
consist  of  some  stones  for  ever  crum- 
bling away,  and  some  being  inserted 
in  their  stead,  llic  present  is  a  very 
useful  and  excellent  edition.  The  text 
is  judiciously  taken  from  Doering,  the 
notes  are  Anthon's,  the  chronology 
Mr.  Tate's,  and  the  whole  is  most  ac- 
curately printed.  We  use  it  in  pre- 
ference to  any  other,  for  common  re- 
ference, as  well  as  consult  it  for  occa- 
sicmal  purposes.  We  have  a  great 
deal  to  say  about  Horace,  but  have  no 
time  now ;  bat  we  will  take  this  op- 
portunity of  restoring  a  most  cornipt 
passage  of  the  poet,  that  has  defied 
the  learning  and  the  ingenuity  of  all 
the  commentators,  and  we  respectfully 
ask  Mr.  Thte,  if  our  attempt  has  not 
been  successful ;  if  it  receives  the  sane- 
tion  of  his  approbation,  assuredly  Dr. 
Parr  will  rejoice  in  the  shades,  as  he 
is  smoking  his  beloved  tube  beside 
Scaliger,  Salmasius,  and  Lindenbro- 
gios.     Now  then.  Epist.  I.  xvi.  40. 

*  Pslsus  honor  juvat,  et  memdax  infamia 
terret 
Qarm  nisi  mendotum  et  medieoHdmm ." 

Now  '  meodacem'  was  the  old  read- 
ing, which  has  been  thrust  out,  to 
make  room  for  tudieamdum,  from  the 
MSS.  of  Cruquius  and  the  old  Scho- 
liast. Rut  it  is  obvious,  that  this 
new  word  is  as  great  a  botch  as  the 
former ;  it  having  no  preciee  and  pec«- 
liar  applicatioB  to  the  subject.  The 
poet  says,  '  fkl$e  honour  delights. 
and  lying  inlamy  alarms  whom,  unless 
the  deceitful,  sod  the  |>er«os  wanting 
to  be  healed!'  Now  it  is  requisite  that 
the  words  '  falsas  honor,'  and  '  men- 
dax  infamia,'  should  refer  to  expres- 
sions corresponding  to  eacA  of  them  in 
the  next  line :  but,  as  they  stand  at  pre- 
sent, neither  do.  '  False  honor'  is  not 
on/y  delightfal  to  a  liar,  it  may  de- 
light  many  persons  of  different  cha- 
'^ter ;  ao  that  even  with  the  assist- 
*»?ce  of  medinra^MM.  the  sentence  is 
f^'ll  most  imperfect  and  defective ; 
****(  I  cannot  allow  inetficpadsm  to  stand 
f!![.^"«  in  the  place  it  has  so  unw 
^"y  usurped  fiom  VU  t<\aall) 


Anaieeta  Grwca  Minora,  ad 

nmm  accommodata,  cum  notie  PUMo- 
gictM  quaepartim  eoUegit partim  eer^ 
tit  AndreoM  Dalsel.  A.M.  Noeam 
hone  editionem  prioriba*  aliequi  one- 
tiorem  itemque  emendatiorem  etiau 
Howteri  Iliadie  Libro  prima  krtviba* 
notia  ad  verbam  fere  ilbaireUo  amgit, 
parvofue  Leicieo  nunc  primmm  fAn- 
glicd  interpretatione  adfectdj  triUngni 
facto,  notatd  inauper  Syliabarwn 
quantitate,  instnucit  Jacobus  Bailey, 
A.M.  e  CoU.  Trin.  Cant,  Lomdini 
M.DCCC.XXXV. 

Such   is  the  ample  information  of 

the  title  page  ;  and  it  speaks  no  more 

than  the  tr«<'  orefatory  pages 

(viii.  tr  »  tracing  UM 

t  Bsay  ba 


1835  ]         Rbvikw. — Oalzel's  Analecta  Grteca  Minora,  S^e. 


039 


learned  Editor,  of  an  Essay  fraught 
with  ingenuity  and  curinus  cradition. 
Oq  its  own  account  valuaMe,  that  dis- 
aertattoD  has  a  propriety  and  pcrti- 
neocy  nlso,  as  connected  with  the  im- 
portant addition  to  the  Analecta  Mi- 
nora, which  Mr.  Bailey  has  here  made, 
of  the  first  book  of  (he  Ihad.  Per- 
haps it  ia  not  saying  ton  much  of  that 
book,  as  here  edited,  with  every  par- 
ticular of  the  di^mma  at  the  foot  of 
the  text,  and  with  a  regular  series  of 
explanatory  notes,  that  for  school  u»e, 
under  the  eye  of  an  inteiligient  pre- 
ceptor, nothing  yet  ever  published  has 
so  justly  deaervcd  the  appellation  of 
Iiiitia  llomerica. 

Not  a  source  of  grammatical  or  criti- 
cal illuBtration  ha«  been  left  unturned 
to  account  in  useful  reference  ;  as  the 
names  of  Damm,  Heyne,  Mattbise, 
and  Thiersch  translated  by  Professor 
Sandford,  &c.  Ace.  abundantly  testify. 
To  these  subsidia,  in  commenting  on 
Homeric  Greek,  he  has  added  in  p.  "96 
{vid.  p.  viii.)  a  brief  but  very  clear 
sketch  of  the  mctliod  followed  by  his 
old  toaster  Mr.  Tate  of  Richmond,  in 
showing  the  principal  differences  be- 
twixt the  late  prose  of  Xenophon  aod 
the  early  poetic  diction  of  Homer,  for 
the  better  develofn'ment  of  the  latter  .- 
i.  in  antiquig  I'ocibua.  ii.  indialeeto 
jmprie  tic  dictd  (the  Ionic  natural  and 
predominant,  the  ^lilolic  partially  adopt- 
ed), iii.  in  Porticd  ticvatid,  modo  id 
eerti*  termims  fiat ,  Bfc.  ^c. 

For  that  contribution,  as  well  aa  for 
matters  of  minor  assistance  from  the 
same  quarter,   his    acknowledgments 


are  handsomely  made.  The  other 
changes  and  additions  which  give  in- 
creased value  to  this  publication  niav» 
in  general,  be  left  in  nis  own  full  and 
satisfactory  account  (pp.  v.  vi.  vii.)  to 
speak  for  themselves.  We  cannot  help 
remarking,  however,  that  Mr,  Hailey 
has  done  only  justice  to  that  pretty 
Anacreontic  (for  all  its  bad  prosody  at 
starting)  Ayr,  ^urypai^v  ufMarf — by 
restoring  it  to  the  place  in  Mr.  Dalzet'a 
original  selection  from  which,  in  Dr. 
Blomfield's  edittoo.  too  fastidiously 
prrliups,  it  was  excluded,  lu  this 
well- executed  department  of  the  Aoa» 
lecta  Minora,  as  well  as  in  others,  he 
has  retained,  with  the  honour  due, 
such  observations,  few  but  acute,  as 
in  the  edition  several  years  ago  came 
from  the  pen  of  Ur.  BlomAeld. 

Besides  all  this,  he  has   instructed 
the   young  scholar  (the  young  teacher] 
also,  for  whose  advantage  tliroughouti 
he  has  diligently  laboured)  to  discri> 
rainate  betwixt  the  genuine  remains 
Anacreon    and   the   clever   imitationsi 
aptly  enough  called  .Anacreontic  ;  the 
latter,  perhaps,  from  internal  evidence 
(vide  notes  on  p.  88,  v.  5.  p.  83,  v.  5.) . 
referable  to  some  such  ingenious  gea* 
tleman,  of    Alexandria    probably,   sa' 
him  whom    Beutley   has   tortured   to 
confession  in  the  bull  of  his  Phalaris. 
This  new  and  greatly  improved  edi« 
tioo  of  DalzePs  Analecta  Minora  de«^ 
serves   much    praise   for  the   elegar 
manner  in  which,  as  a  book,  it  is  got' 
up,  as  well  ait  for  the  judicious  and' 
scholarlike  style    which   marks  every 
part  of  its  internal  execution. 


Chri»tian  Freedom,  rhiefly  taken  from 
Bolton' $  True  Bound*,  ijc-  —  f^w  "'d 
divines  ni^  absolutelf  an  ioexhansti- 
ble  tresjiure-house  of  learning,  piety, 
profound  thought,  and  xpleudid  elo- 
quence. No  more  acceptable  service  can 
be  done  than  in  their  republication  ;  we 
therefore  think  the  editor  ha«  deserved 
oar  thanks  for  the  little  volume  before 
U8,  oriifinaUy  written  by  old  Samuel  Bol- 
ton, and  published  in  the  year  1645. 
It  haa  much  of  the  awakening  manner 
and  apirit,  and  power  of  his  illustrioos 
contemporaries ;  the  great  points  of  re- 
li(poD  are  brought  prominently  forward, 
forcibly  urged,  well  illustrated,  and  per- 
Koanvcly  recommended. 


rins,  Gtnt. — K  reward  of  twenty  thov 
sand  pounds  had  been  offered  by  the 
tion  for  the  discovery  of  the  longitud 
Mr.  Harrison  endeavoured  to  attain  tl 
end  by  the  accuracy  of  hit  time  keeper  j 
Dr.  Maskelyne  by  his  lunar  tables ;  aai 
George  the  Third,  considering  that  Mr,| 
Harrison  hud  not  been  justly  treated 
the  Commissioners,  intere»ted  liii 
greatly  in  his  behalf.  This  is  the  sub- 
stance of  tlie  work,  whoas  meritorious 
object  is  to  do  justice  to  the  memory  of 
a  moat  ingenious  and  worthy  man  ;  bat 
wfao«e  manner  of  doing  it  might  admit  of 
much  improTemcnt,  the  work  being,  dt 
omnibtu  rebut  et  quitnudam  alOs. 


TVait  in  the  Character 
ird,  i(c,  by  Johan  Hot- 


A  Calechitm  of  the  Currency,  by  John 
Taylor. — In  this  little  «v»x>tV!o.M*\».\u>4d«x 


r  640 


Revitw. — Courthopc's  Extinct  Baronetage,  S(C. 


[Juor, 


(he  carrency ;  much  sound  reuoninj^, 
and  much  practical  knowledge.  The  au- 
thor is  n  strcnuoo*  advocate  for  paper 
currency  1  ori  we  think  the  mnin  defect 
in  his  work  arises  from  his  und<^rvaluing, 
or  the  not  taking  into  account  the  di8- 
advantai^es  to  our  foreign  commerce, 
which  would  arise  from  the  rise  of  pricei 
consequent  on  the  enlarged  currency  ; 
and  the  extreme  inequality  of  them  im 
compared  with  those  of  aU  the  other 
nations  of  Europe.  To  look  to  the  su- 
perior ingenuity  of  our  workman,  or  the 
excellence  of  our  machinery  (v.  p.  49), 
to  compensate  this,  we  are  afraid  would 
not  be  warranted  by  ejcperience.  That 
the  author  has  pointed  out  the  difficulties 
of  our  financial  sitnation  correctly  we 
grant,  but  the  remedy  is  not  so  entty  to 
find.  The  principal  cause  of  our  «lis- 
trust  arises  from  the  violence  of  faction, 
and  the  dispute  of  parties,  aud  the  am- 
bition of  demagogues,  swallowing  up  and 
absorbing  that  interest  which  should  be 
conjointly  bestowed  in  dispassionately 
reviewing  the  difficulties  which  press 
on  us,  tracing  them  to  their  »ource<^,  and 
averting  the  evils  which  they  threaten,  or 
rather  have  already  engendered. 


Synopna  of  the  Ejrfinct  liaronelaqe  tf 
England;  containing  the  Date  of  the 
Creation,  with  the  SuceeMion  uf  Ba- 
roneit,  and  their  retpectire  Marriages, 
and  Time  of  Death.  By  William  Court- 
hope,  E*^.  Editor  of  the  improved  Edi- 
tion* qf  Debrett's  Peerage  and  Ba- 
ronetage. Hro.  pp  'ioti. 

Debrett's  Baronetage  qf  the  I'niled 
Kingdom.  Edited  bg  W.  Courtho|)e, 
£*(/. 

The  acknowledged  utility  of  Sir  Harris 
Nicolas' 8  Synopsis  of  the  Peerage,  has 
led  to  the  compilation  of  tlie  former  of 
these  works,  which  supplier  a  great  dc. 
sideratvm  among  our  bookx  of  reference, 
since  no  account  of  all  tlie  famihes 
raised  to  the  dignity  of  Baronet  lias 
ever  before  been  published,  beyond  a 
bare  list  of  the  first  of  each  name. 

A  century  had  elapsed  from  the  in- 
Btitation  of  the  dignity,  before  any  at- 
tempt was  made  to  give  a  history  of  the 
famiries.  This  was  first  done  by  Col- 
tins,  who  printed  two  volumes  in  17^, 
but  which  do  not  extend  tower  than  the 
l.i^d  creation,  and  the  year  \(yi\.  '  In 
that  work,  so  far  as  it  went,  the  extinct 
titles  were  included,  as  well  as  those  ex- 
isting ;  but  whether  from  the  difficulty  of 
the  task,  its  probable  extent,  or  some 
other  unknown  reason,  the  author  did 
not  proceed  further.  The  next  book  on 
the  subject  is  Wotton'a  in  three  pocket 
10 


^ 


volume*,  produced  in  17^>  which  roa- 
tains  only  the  baronets  whoae  ticia  wwr 
then  existing,  tho«e  which  bad  beoot 
extinct  during  tl»c  lapse  of  tbe  pmiow 
century  being  ODiitted ;  and  the  aaat 
plan  has  been  pursued  both  in  the  bfsif 
works — of  Wotton,  in  4  vols.  tfvo.  ITU, 
(on  the  whole,  the  best  and  most  coaioai 
hitherto  published  on  the  ^ubjeict^;  li 
Kiraber,  <  vols.  Mvo.  17T1  ;  of  BetkMH, 
:>  vols.  4to.  1801  ;  of  PUyfair,  S  Tola 
4to.  1811  ;  and  in  the  rarious  amall  vo- 
lumes on  the  subject,  which  have  sf- 
peared  under  the  names  of  <\iiauB.  De- 
brett,  Stockdale,  &e-  Ace. 

Thus  Mr.  Courthope.  aftrr  the  Up** 
of  524  years  from  the  inntitutiim  "f  «^ 
Order,  is  the  first  to  give  a  •yatipticai 
view  of  all  the  families  who  \m9  ft- 
ceived  this  hereditary  title  ;  a&d 
we  add  that,  of  upwarrla  of  l.S50cr 
that  hare  taken  place,  nrarly  ittar  . 
have  become  extinct,  the  great  ralaa  «f 
the  work  will  be  evident. 

The  author  gives,  as  in  Sir  R.  Nl- 
colas's  Synopsis  of  the  Peerage,  the  dato 
of  creation,  extinction,  aiiii  i\r:\'.\\  u(  %aA 
individual,  with  the   re!.  >f  iW 

euc<ressor;  and  he  bat  .i  ntmtn 

and  parentage  of  the  wive*  of  cadi.     Ts 
say  die  work  is  complete  wouM  be  ■•- 
true,  since  few  books  of  names  aad 
can    be  so,    and    the  informaCioB 
prised  in  this  plan  is  often  very  i 
of  access ;  but  when  we  say  that  il  < 
tains  much  more  than    has   c 
been  published,  we  shall  have 
characterised  its   value    to     tha«e 
rested  in  genealogy  and    ' 
We  recommend  such  ax 
of  making  addition  ^    •■ 
copies,  which  will  i 
as  a  book,  and  |>crl 
at  some  future  |>enu<l. 

To  the  task  of  correcting  a  vwr  k 
perfect  and  erroneous  work,  the  ma.  Bi* 
ronetoge  of  Debretl,  Mr.  Courthope  kat 
brought  great  diligrnce,  and  tlM»  «d> 
vantage  of  access  to  all  the  records  at  dl* 
College  of  Arms.  And  as  it  is  ^i^ 
years  since  an  edition  waa  publlahad,  at 
doubt  not  that  purchaser*  will  ma  tkt 
necessity  of  replacing  their  old  coplea  ^ 
the  new  edition. 


Tk*  PUgrimmf  ITtlaimfkamt^  or  Ihim 
^f  the  Middle  Apee.  m  Hitimiedl  A»> 

moMce,  (M  3  rott.  kg  ifita  Agaea  Sthdk* 
land. — Miss  Agnes  Stricklasd,  witK  bar 
talented  nistrrs,  are  well  known  to  Um 
pubUc,  by  vanoos  works  of  mtTit,  both 
in  prose  and  verwe ;  and  the  nrearnt  pv^ 
duction,  by  the  former  of  tJiaoa  lawMa 
will  add  mud)  to  bar  Jutly 


1835.]         Review. — Stricklaud's  Pilgrim*  of  Waltinghnm. 


fHl 


literary  reputation.  She  atates  in  her 
prehoe,  that  "  ahe  truota  she  has  CD- 
tend  ttpOB  untrodden  grouod ;  at  least 
■o  writer  of  later  date  than  that  illui- 
triouii  father  of  Enf^liah  poetry  and 
romance,  Geoffrey  Cbattcer,  (the  Sir 
Walter  Scott  of  the  13th  century.)  has 
founded  a  work  of  fietioo  on  the  phui 
of  the  Biudent  devotional  piltn^mat^e.  It 
win,  howvYer,  be  observed  that  the  Pil- 
grinu  of  Walsingham  arc  all  hUtorical 
characters,  wbow  progress  to  the  far- 
frined  Lady  ahrine  of  Norfolk,  i<  per- 
formed  incognito,  an  undertaking  which 
may  be  supposed  would  naturally  give 
rise  to  a  succcftsion  of  comic  adventarcs 
and  droll  accidents  during  the  journey. 

"  Fleaiant  cxcunion.s  these  tAoie  pil- 
grinatgn  were,  no  douht,  where  indi- 
viduali  of  all  mnks  and  nges,  were  free 
to  mingle  together,  pro  tempore,  on  terms 
of  Christian  equality  and  good  fellowship, 
and  were  accustomed  to  beguile  the  te- 
diam  of  the  journey  with  merry  tale  and 
quaint  romaunt  or  fairy  lore. 

*'  Each  of  the  votaric*  to  the  shrine  of 
our  Lady  of  Walsingham,  in  this  work, 
like  Chaucer's  Canterbury  Pilgrims,  is 
pledged  to  relate  a  tale," 

After  an  interesting  introduction,  de- 
scribing the  state  of  the  English  Court 
in  l.'ii'^,  at  the  time  of  the  visit  of  the 
TQungand  accomplished  l^u]|M>riir Charles 
the  Fifth,  the  tirst  volume  comprircs 
three  talest — Ist.  "  Tlie  Saxon  Widow's 
Vow,"  presumed  to  be  related  by  Car- 
dinal Woisey. — ^nd.  "  William  Rufus 
and  the  Salman  Pasty,"  related  by  King 
Henry  the  Eighth.  —  And  3d.  "  The 
Chriatian  Gladiaton."  by  the  Abbot  of 
GLutonbary.  Of  these  tale^  we  con- 
aider  the  last  to  be  by  far  the  best.  It 
is  founded  on  the  sufferings  and  sublime 
heroism  of  the  early  Christians,  con- 
demned to  the  gladiatorial  tight  and  cer- 
tain martyrdom. 

The  Snd  volume  contains — 1st,  The 
Tale  of  "  The  Gothic  Count,"  rebted  by 
Queen  Catherine — and  Sd.  *'  Don  Pro- 
ila  and  his  ten  Daughters,"  being  in  ef- 
fect a  continuation  of  the  former.  Both 
are  dricriptive  of  .Spanish  manners  dur- 
inc  the  sojourn  of  the  Moor^  in  that 
CAuntry.     The  picture  drawn  of  the  de- 


cayed Spanish  noble,  Don  Froila,  and 
his  daughters,  introduoes  the  reader  to 
scenes  equally  ludicrous  and  grave  :  and 
i.s  a  wcU-drawn  portraiture  of  the  Spa- 
nish character  daring  that  interesting 
period. 

Tlte  .'id  volume,  containing  the  Tale 
of  "  The  Royal  Sifters,"  daughters  of 
Edward  the  Pourtb,  commands  more 
than  ordinary  notice.  The  policy  and 
character  of  Henry  the  Seventh  uxn 
ably  delineated  —  the  severe  treatment 
and  high  bearing  of  the  imprisoaed 
daughters  of  Edward — the  checqaertd 
fortune*  of  the  nobility — and  the  ulti- 
mate firm  establishment  of  the  union 
of  the  Houses  of  York  and  Lanca»it<-r, 
are  abundant  in  interest. 

The  style  of  the  authoress  is  flowiar 
and  animated,  and  she  has  disptayed 
great  dia<aimination  in  the  delineation  of 
chanuster.  The  facts  recorded  in  his- 
tory, arc  generally  the  mcTi-  it 
of  events;  but  it  is  for  co  i 
minds  to  view,  though  at  n  (!' 
inward  feelings  and  ro>-ini>  •(  mh. 
This  has  been  done  by  Mi—  >tn.kl,ii>i 
with  much  judgment  and  good  »c>n»e. 
She  has  followed  up  and  developed  the 
secret  inclinations  of  the  imperial  vi- 
sitor and  his  royal  host,  and  amidst 
fijdendour  and  chivairic  openness  and  ge- 
nerosity, the  hidden  principle  eclipses 
the*e  noble  manifestatinns  of  seeming 
regnrd  and  apparent  affection. 

When  ladies  devote  their  time  and 
talents  to  the  stpread  of  knowledge,  and 
to  the  inculcation  of  moral  sentimeAt, 
they  give  a  tone  to  public  virtue.  Tbs 
last  and  the  present  century  can  boast 
of  a  Carter,  a  Trimmer,  a  More;  w« 
might  mention  many  females  in  the  walki 
of  science.  History  seitus  to  occupy  tlie 
thoughts  of  Miss  Strickland ;  and  if  hia- 
tori«^  noveb,  founded  on  plots  draws 
from  past  records,  be  directed  to  the 
confirmation  of  tnth,  and  Ih*^  illui^tratioa 
of  history  and  manners,  both  to  amujse 
and  to  instruct,  we  inrite  her  mental 
powers  to  further  objects  of  intellectual 
exertions.  We  are  glad  to  find  ahe  in- 
tends  to  follow  these  Tales  with  a  second 


LITERARY  AND  SCIENTIFIC  INTELLIGENCE. 


AVi*  H'orkt  anmomnefifor  Publication. 

Rcisaue  of  the  Antiquities  of  Athena, 
by  Stuabt  and  Rrvrrr ;  and  of  the  Ar- 
cbitectunkl  Antiquities  of  Rome,  by  As- 
toiNE  DEsnoDtnz. 

GaxT.  Mao.  Vol.  III. 


Dissertations    on   the    Kumrtudr*    dt 

iKschyluK,  with  the    Greek    Tctt,   luid 

Critical  Remarks.     Translated  iunw  the 

German  of  C.  O,  McLLKa. 

4N 


612 


Literary  a»d  Seienti/le  Intelligence. 


[Jn 


A  Tmtise  on  Ptinting,  by  I^^Miardo 
dk  Vinci.  TranxUted  by  Kigmud.  With 
■  Life  or  the  Author,  by  John  Wm. 
Ur«iwn,  Em). 

A  prartiral  Tmtife  on  Rail-roadi  and 
Ciiniat^es.  By  Thomas  Theogolo, 
C'ii-il  Knginrer. 

The  Mirarles  of  J<>sns  rhriot  consi- 
dered u  illustrative  of  the  Doctrines  of 
the  Gospel;  in  Four  Sermons,  by  the 
Iley.  C.  Lawson. 

Lord  Teifrnniouth'ii  Memnini  of  the 
Life  uid  Writincrt  of  Sir  William  3omi», 
by  the  Rev  S.  ('.  Wilk». 

Three  Volumes  of  Dmmas,  by  Mrs. 
Joanna  Baii.i.ie. 

Autobiography  of  «n  Irish  Traveller. 

Memoirs  of  the  Lite,  Works  and  Cor. 
rrspondence  of  Sir  U'.  Temple,  by  the 
Right  Hon.  T.  P.  Coi-rtknay. 

'ne  Life  of  Edward  Karl  of  Oaivn, 
don,  mtb  a  Portrait,  by  T.  II.  Lister* 
esq.  Author  of  (iraiiby,  &c. 

Life  of  Edward  the  Black  Prince,  by 
<f .  P.  R.  James,  ewi.  author  of  "  Dam- 
ley,"  *♦  Rirhclivu,"  «tc. 

Boyhood,  a  Poem,  bv  Ciias.  A.  Ta.- 
ton,  author  of  a  Translation  of  Hesiod. 

Baron  VoN  IlfMBOLtrr'a  PoKthumoiu 
Works  containing  a  Treatise  on  the 
I^anguages  of  the  Indian  Archipelago,  as 
derived  from  the  Sanscrit,  and  another  on 
the  Origin  and  Philosophy  of  Languages 
in  gent'rul. 

PhiUnthropliic  Economy;  or,  the 
Philosophy  of  Happiness,  practically  ap> 
plied  to  the  MM-ial,  fwlitical,  and  commer- 
cial ri-latiuns  of  (irvut  Britain.     By  Mrs. 

Loi  DUN. 

The  Prime  Minister,  a  political  and 
heroical  Poem,  dedicated  to  Sir  Robert 
Peel,  by  a  Peer. 

A  new  edition  of  Jacqi'emont's  Let- 
ters  from  India,  entirely  re-translated,  and 
embellished  with  engravings  on  steel. 

Perils  in  the  Woods;  or,  the  Emigrant 
Family's  Return,  by  the  author  of  the 
Children's  Hresidc. 


ROYAL  sotifm-. 

ytpril30.     Rev.  Dr.  Jennings,  V.P. 

A  communication  was  read,  entitled 
Continuation  of  the  Pa|>er  on  the  Rela- 
tions between  the  NervcH  of  Motion  and 
of  Sensation,  and  the  Brain,  and  more 
particularly  on  the  Structure  of  the  Ale- 
dulla  Oblongata  and  the  Spinal  Marrow, 
by  Sir  Charles  Bell,  F.R.S. 

Afajf  7.     Sir  John  Rennie,  V.  P. 

Read,  On  the  elements  of  the  orbit  of 
tbe  Comet  of  Halley.by  J.  W.  Lubbock. 
esq.  V.P.  and  Treasurer;   a  letter  fmm 
Mr.  Dnnlop,  conuining  nr- 
computing  longitude  at 


the  titles  of  three  communiratioiii  fi 
C«pt.  Beaufort,  containing  caeteocoUi; 
and  hydrometricml  observation*,  made 
board  bis  Majesty's  ships  Jackdaw,  E 
and  another. 

.Vay  14.    J.  W.  Lubbock,  esq.  V. 

Read,  1.  An  account  of  the  watt 
the  well  Zem-zem,  with  a  quantirativei 
lysis  of  the  same,  by  Professor  Farui 
^.  Observations  on  the  tbeorr  of  Re 
ration,  by  William  Stet-ens  M.D. 

J/i»y  s»l.     W.  T.  Brande,  esq.  V.P 

The  last  mentioned  paper  was  < 
eluded. 


literary   INSTITimoKB   IN  THE  WB 
or   KICGI.ANO. 

Mr.  Urban. — I  now  inclose  i-oaalis 
the  Philosophical  Institutions  estabiisi 
in  Devon  and  Cornwall :  I  wish  it  ■ 
lead  othen  of  your  correspondent*  to 
stitute  simiUir  inquiries  in  the  differ 
Counties,  so  that  we  may  have  a  retnrn 
the  whole  Kingdom,  which  will  convrj 
the  minds  of  those  who  reflect  at  al 
suqirising  new  of  the  present  state 
MKiety.  It  should  be  our  object  todii 
so  much  useful  talent  and  ability  to  1( 
timate  ends.  I  am.  Sir,  your  very  bum 
ser\-aiit,  ilKsaY  Woolconbc 

P.'ymouth,  20rt  .-/prii,  1835. 

Devon.— BjW^t,  1817.  Public  Libra 
denominated  "  Devon  and  Kxetcr  Insdi 
tion."  containing  nearly  I0,U.iO  volume 

IS^j.     ]Mi>chanics'  Institute. 

Isaj.  Literary  Institution  now  e» 
blishini; — a  biiililing  to  be  railed  "  T 
Athena-um,"  n<iw  ercctinp. 

Plymouth,  181 1.  Public  Librair,  eg 
taining  JUtK)  volumes. 

1812.  Institution  to  promote  the  Ci 
tiration  of  Useful  Knowledge  in  all  i 
partmcnts  of  Arts  and  Science. 

A  building  erected,  called  »*  The  All 
nosum,"  where  Lectures  are  deliver 
during  the  Se!isiuns  in  the  winter 
every  year,  and  Discussions  follow. 
Museum  of  Natural  History  and  Wor 
of  Art,  forming  occasional  exhibitions 
paintings,  drawings,  &c.  A  volume 
Transactions  published. 

182J.     Mechanics'  Institute. 

Tavuioik,  lH-i7.  Iiistiiiition  for  tl 
acquirement  and  difTiision  of  Usel 
Knowledge.  Lectures  dolivvred  durir 
tbe  winter  scHMjn,  followed  by  di&cu>sio 
A  Museum  forming. 

1821).    Public  Library,  contjiining  tOl 

volumes.     An  edifice  presented  bv  tl 

'  Bedfond-part  of  tlu'  Abliy. 

'««*,      -Mcrhanics'    In» 

"  The    Devonport    ai 

■mxM  Institute* 


1835.} 


LUtrtaj  and  Sdenii/ic  InuUigetne. 


» 


1819.  Public  Library,  containing  1000 
volumes.    A  building  erected  by  pro]>ri«- 

/tnntilaple,  1S26.  Mechanics'  Inctitute 

Hidrfttrd,  I8-'ti.  Iiisiitution  for  i\\e 
nrquirement  and  difTusinn  uf  Useful 
Knowledge.     Librar)',  2J0  volume*. 

(ike/tantptim,  163+,  Literurymid  Phi- 
liiiiupbicttl  Society. 

Totnr*,  1820.  Public  Libniry.  Apiirt- 
mentii  hired. 

Torguay,  1833.  A  Philosophical  In- 
ttitution.     Apartments  hired. 

CoBNWALL. — I'cnsance,  1814.  Royal 
Gc«i1o>ri(Til  Sodety  of  Cornwall,  instituted 
for  nilnvutin^  biuI  diffusing  a  Knowledgre 
of  Almcnilogy  and  4  ieoto^',  supported  by 
subscrijttiun.  A  bwilding  erected.  A  valu- 
able Mut»euin  uf  Miiteralogic*!  and  Geo* 
logical  Specimens  formed.  Communi- 
cations read  at  quarterly  and  annual 
meetings,  and  4-  volumes  of  Traiuactions 
publiKbed. 

l8l  T.  Public  Library,  containing  about 
alwut  kKX)  volumes,  in  apartments  erect- 
ed for  that  purpose.  Supported  by  sub- 
schptiou. 

Iti'il.  Literary  and  Scientific  Institu- 
tion (this,  however,  is  considered  a  merely 
temporury  name)  containing  about  50 
iiietiibcrA.  Lectures  given  wet-kly.  Sup- 
iMirted  by  subiicription  and  the  sale  of 
J'ickeis  to  the  Lectures.  About  to  erect 
a  house. 

1834.  Mechanics*  Institute.  Lec- 
tures given  weekly.  About  to  erect  a 
house.     Supported  by  subscription. 

St.  Ixtt,  lS.'1'l.  St.  Ives  Institution. 
Sii|ip<)rted  by  subarription.  A  Library 
and  Museum  commenced,  and  l/cccures 
•ometiroos  given. 

Falmouth,  18;i3.  A  Subscription  Li- 
brary— containing  Pnrliamciitary  Keports 
and  many  valuable  Works. 

IfOO.  Polyterhnic  Society  for  the  en- 
couragement of  Scientific  Improvement 
in  the  Arts  and  Maitufisclurca  aod  Hsh- 
eries  of  the  County. 

yVaro,  \HH.  Pufdic  Library,  con- 
taining about  (iOOO  volumes,  luid  a  Copy  of 
the  Itecurd*  ul  the  United  Kingdom  de- 
pu*iti'd  there  by  ilie  County  Magistrates. 

I8l8.  Hoyal  Institution  for  the  pro- 
motion of  Science  and  Literature,  with 
a  Mufcuro  neu-ly  erected.  Buildings 
cost  SJltttW.  Supported  by  propriiUuy  tub- 
■cription  and  annual  subbcriptions.  -About 
I  lU  members.     Income  about  oO/.  a  vear. 

Hfhioti,  1834.  Liiirary  fonned.  Sup- 
ported by  annual  subscriptions  and  dona- 

M.  Kooms  purcluued  and  fitted  up 
Cbe  pur|K)se. 


LauHce/toH,   1 828. 
losophiciil  Society. 
Luk^ard.  1K«.      Ditto 
Caltingtcm,  l8'U.     Ditto 
Straltm,  1834.     Ditto 


Literary  and  Phi- 


ditto, 
ditto, 
ditto. 


nOYAL    1N8TITITTION. 

I/alley'M  Cornet.^  Dr.  Lardner  delivered 
n  discourse  on  the  approaching  comet, 
which  has  lieen  calculated  by  llalley  to 
make  its  appearance  during  the  ensuing 
autumn.  Heobserved, that iheonly circum- 
stance which  can  prevent  its  Bp|>carance 
at  the  period  stated  arc,  that  there  may  be 
existing  beyond  the  orbit  of  Herschcl 
some  other  planet  with  which  it  may 
have  come  in  tH>nt8Ct,  so  as  to  cause  it  to 
alter  its  direction,  or  that  it  may  have 
come  into  juxtaposition  with  another 
comet  in  the  realms  of  space,  and  that 
thi-ir  combined  attraction  may  have  caused 
them  mutually  to  vary  their  course.  Mr, 
Lubbock  has  calculated  thut  it  will  make 
its  appearance  on  the  31st  of  October; 
M.  Damoiseau's  calculation  mukes  it  the 
5ih  of  November;  and  Ponte«-Hulet  the 
8th  or  1 4th  of  November.  On  the  ICHh 
of  November  it  will  probably  be  at  its 
nearest  distance  to  the  earth,  and  will  then 
most  likely  be  visible  amongst  the  three 
last  stara  of  the  Great  Beitr.  iKJth  after 
sunset  and  before  sunn»e.  Whether  it  will 
bo  visible  or  not  will  depend  upon  circum- 
stances  which  astronomers  cannot  foresee, 
because  they  cannot  predict  the  exact  case 
in  which  its  situation  may  be  It  is  now 
probably  about  the  orbit  of  Sutum.  The 
only  difficulty  presented  in  the  calculutioti 
arises  from  our  not  knowing  exactly  the 
maM  of  the  planet  Hcrschell.  and  in  pro- 
portion as  that  is  above  what  is  computed, 
so  will  there  necessarily  be  an  error  in 
the  period  of  compulation.  The  number 
of  comets  known  w  ithiii  the  solar  system 
is  between  j(N)  and  filJU,  whilst  of  these 
the  p«th«i  of  137  have  been  closely  exa- 
mined and  described.  Of  the  above,  3IJ 
are  known  within  the  orbit  of  Mercury, 
although  this  is  probably  not  one  half  of 
what  uctually  exists  within  that  space. 
Taking  die  n  '  iwever,  as  30,  and 
computing  i  .  existing  in  •  rela- 
tive ratio  1)1^ ..i'  estimated  difler- 

ences  of  a  sphere,  the  diameter  of  the 
orbit  of  Mercury,  and  that  of  Hcrschell, 
it  will  give  the  total  numlicr  of  3,.^^^-HJ7 
within  the  limits  of  the  solar  synti-m  ;  and 
as  the  numbers  abo\e  lu^.^igncd  within  the 
limits  of  the  orbit  of  Mercury,  i>  prolaibly 
not  half  of  what  circulates  there,  the  tutxl 
number  in  the  planetary  «y*lem  may  {hi.s. 
aibly  be  npn-ards  of  7,(XX>,0UO. 


644 


aoTAL   ASIATIC   sdclKTY. 

May  9.  The  annual  report  of  the  So- 
ciety was  read  by  the  Secretarr,  Captain 
Harkness— the  Right  Hon.  Chas.  Wm. 
Wynn  in  the  chair.  The  report  stated, 
that  the  succew  that  had  attended  the 
exertionR  nuide  by  the  Society  was  beyond 
what  had  been  anticipated — tibat  the  num- 
ber of  deaths  and  retirements  was  less 
than  usual,  while  the  number  of  new 
Bcmbers  had  considerably  increased.  But 
among  those  whom  death  had  snatehed 
from  the  SodetT,  they  bad  to  Ument  the 
loaa  of  many  distinguished  individuals, 
ot  E^ls  Batburst  and  Spencer,  and  of 
that  great  roaster  of  the  Chinese  lan- 
guage. Dr.  Morrison.  The  report  pro- 
ceeded to  state,  that  several  valuable  addi- 
tions had  been  made  to  the  library  and 
museum.  The  Society  bad  been  pre- 
aented  by  CapC  James  Low  with  an  ac- 
count, beautifully  illustrated  with  plates, 
of  Tenasaerim,  during  his  residence  in 
that  country;  by  Mr.  Shakevpeare,  with 
•  Dictionary  of  Uindoostanee  and  En- 
glish, enriched  by  many  Taiuable  observa- 
tions on  the  Dekham  dialect.  The  So> 
dety  had  also  to  thank  the  learned  Pro- 
fessor Gardn  de  Tassi  for  a  critical  edi- 
tion of  the  works  of  Wal^  in  the  Dek- 
ham dialect,  and  Professor  Flttgal  for  hia 
edition  of  the  Arabic  version  of  the 
Koran.  Ram  Cosmul,  sen.  had  sent  to 
the  Society  hiit  valuable  Dictionary  in 
Bengalee  and  English.  The  Council  also 
felt  pleasure  to  announce  that  there  was 
established,  at  Teheran,  a  printing-press 
by  Abbas  Mirza,  from  which  great  re- 
sults might  be  expecied.  After  entering 
into  a  very  minute  detail  of  the  situation 
and  prospects  of  the  Society,  the  report 
concluded  by  stating  that  they  were  then 
in  correspondence  with  some  of  the  most 
illustrious  literary  sodeties  in  the  world, 
and  were  looked  up  to  by  many  millions 
as  the  chief  link  binding  them  to  this 

country. Col.  Blackbume,  Sir  Henrv 

Willock,  Sir  George  Suunton,  Sir  Ralph 
Rice,  C/ol.  Boardman,  and  other  gentle- 

men    then  addressed  the   meeting. 

Thanks  were  voted  to  the  council,  to  the 
president,  vice-presidents,  the  director, 
the  treasurer,  and  secretary.  In  the 
course  of  the  proceedings  it  was  moved, 
and  carried  unanimously,  that  Mubam- 
med  Sbuh  Shaken,  King  of  Persia,  and 
his  Highness  Runject  Singh  Maharaja, 
be  elected  honorary  members  of  the  So- 
deiy. 


KING'S  COLI.KGE,   LONDON. 

^pril  29.  At  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  general  Court  of  Proprietors,  it  was 
reported  that  the  bouse  for  tVve  Vt\T\«\vul 


Literary  and  Scicnti/ic  IiUellife»ct. 


IJme, 


was  finished ;  that  rooms  for  the  reeq»- 
tioD  of  fourteen  resident  atudenta  an  to 
be  erected  forthwith ;  that  the  establiab- 
ment  was  unincumbered  with  debt,  and 
had  1500/.  in  the  Treasurer's  bands ;  that 
the  number  of  papils  amounted  to  about 
900,  bdng  fifty  more  than  the  preceding 
^ear ;  and  that  the  College  was  nourishiDg 
in  every  respect. 

BOYAL  SOCIETY  OF  UTC&ATIU. 

April  90.  The  anniversary  meeting 
was  held,  when  the  Earl  of  lupon.  who 
was  rechosen  President,  delivered  an  ad- 
dress, which  will  be  printed  for  drculatioii 
to  the  members.  The  extensive  libraiy 
bequeathed  to  the  Sodety  by  the  late  Mr. 
Pnnce  Hoare,  was  seen  arranged  on  die 
shelves. 

BBLGUAVE  INSTmmOK. 

ytpril  13l  At  the  second  half-yeariy 
meeting,  the  Earl  of  Denbigh  in  the  chair, 
it  was  reported  that  the  number  of  mem- 
bers entert^  to  the  close  of  the  year  just 
expired,  was  238;  15  of  whom  had  le. 
tired;  that  the  library  consisted  of  1850 
volumes,  amongst  which  are  the  puUiea- 
tions  of  the  Record  Commissionera,  pre. 
sented  by  them,  and  amounting  to  SS 
vols,  folio ;  the  works  publiahed  ht  the 
committee  of  the  Oriental  Tnnalatiao 
Fund,  consisting  of  37  vols.,  and  the 
transactions  and  journals  of  the  Asiatic 
Society,  obtained  through  the  influence 
of  the  Earl  of  Munster.  The  lectnrea 
and  conversazioni  were  alluded  to  with 
much  satisfaction,  and  it  appeared  that 
there  was  a  surplus  of  the  funds  to  be 
carried  over  to  the  next  year's  account, 
A  plan  for  raising  shares  for  the  purpose 
of  erecting  a  new  building  was  ia>raovcd 
of.  Edmund  Halswell,  esq.  F.R.S.  was 
elected  Vice-President. 

ZOOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 

j^jnil  22.  The  anniversary  meeting 
was  held  at  the  Royal  Institution,  the 
Earl  of  Derby,  President,  in  the  chair. 
It  was  a  stormy  meeting,  in  consequence 
of  the  Coundl  having  recommended  the 
retirement  of  Dr.  Grant  and  Sir  R.  Gor- 
don, 31.  P.  (who  had  advocated  certain 
reforms  or  innovations)  from  the  Council ; 
which  was  resisted  by  a  powerful  party 
among  the  proprietors,  oi  wTiich  Benja- 
min Uawes,  esq.  M.P.  was  a  principal 
leader  and  speaker.  The  latter  wrre  the 
roost  poweHul  in  numbers ;  but  the  ballot 
was  dechired  to  have  been  irregular,  in 
consequence  of  a  member  bnving  voted 
without  having  previonsly  paid  bis  sub- 
scription, and  it  was  finally  adjourned  to 
the  27tli  of  May. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  IMem- 
bcrs  si  lire  April  1831  has  been  greater 


1635-3 


Literary  and  ScieHtlfic  IntelUgentr. 


645 


thiiii  in  any  preceding  year  of  the  Society'! 
existence,  with  thf  exception  of  thut  in 
whirli  it  i\Tf,l  be(»ine  wtive.  The  num. 
ber  of  Fellows  and  FellowH  elect  on  the 
29th  of  April  Ingt  was  2«>l.  The 
niiinber  of  Foreign  .Membtirs  was  24>  of 
Honorary  Members  10,  und  of  Corres- 
ponding Memhcrs  97.  The  Jinandal 
condition  of  the  Society  during  the  year 
1834  is  distin);nished  Ixjth  liy  arv  increasti 
of  income  and  adttninutioa  ofexpendi- 
ture.  The  ret-eipts  iiniounted  to  16,8.'{3/. 
J5/.  l(i. ;  of  which,  7>fl.i.V.  ti*.  was  derived 
from  the  parmcnts  of  the  Mcmbens,  and 
7,5-15/.  )».  from  the  ndniission  of  stningcre 
to  the  (jardeiis;  at  the  Aliiseiim  mu  r«. 
ceived  only  77/.  3*.  The  totwl  expendi- 
tiirein  1834  amounted  to  I2,*)H)/.  \i$.  (kf; 
Romevthat  less  than  the  preceding  year, 
not  svith.s  tan  ding  the  great  cost  of  the 
rhinoceros,  which  was  purchased  last 
Hummer  at  the  price  of  1,0.50/, 

The  number  of  visitors  to  the  Gardens 
in  IKU  amounted  to  iM6.683.  In  1833 
the  number  was  211,3-13.  The  toul 
number  of  visits  inade  by  members  and 
their  friends  in  1834  exceeded  those  of 
1 833  t>y  5428.  The  Menagerie  continues 
to  preserve  the  high  interest  which  has 
attnrhed  to  it  for  severHl  years,  on  account 
of  the  numlk-r,  the  variety,  and  (in  many 
instances)  the  rarity  of  the  onimalK  which 
have  been  included  in  it.  The  number 
bus  nor,  at  any  time,  been  less  tlian  MXK); 
on  the  ;;9ih  of  April  it  amounted  to  1034, 
exclusive  of  the  water-fowl  on  the  take 
in  the  Regent's  Park.  The  number  of 
Mammalia  was  206;  that  of  H\rdi,  717; 
and  that  of  Reptile*,  21.  The  number  of 
species  and  marked  varieties  of  .Vummal'ut 
exisdng  in  tb«  Oardens  at  the  ulxive  time 
was  132;  tl>at  of  Birds,  194.  The  totid 
number  of  species  of  Mammalia  which 
has  been  exhibited  in  the  collection,  is 
220 :  and  thut  of  mrdi  is  302.  The 
acquisition  of  a  Museum  adequate  for  the 
pre«ervatiun.  arrangement,  and  ducdi^^play 
of  the  extensive  corieetions  of  the  Society, 
has  been  lung  an  object  of  the  highest 
interest  to  the  Comicil,  and  they  have 
ri  ""  !  il  their  attention  directed  to 
t  :<{  bouses  occupying  «  con. 

s:i.  ..  _  .te,  in  New  Cnvendisfa  Street, 
ndjoining  to  Portland  Place.  The  fol- 
lowing statement  of  the  receipts  and  pay^ 
mcnts  of  the  Society,  since  its  formution 
to  the  close  of  the  iMst  year,  exhibits  its 
rapid  progress  and  present  flourishing 
condition:  — 

Rnripo.  Ki(t«Ddlttirr. 

1824.6     ;fl.H2!)  14    0        i;0»3    4    7 

1827  4.(»7«J     I     0        4,381   17     I 

1828  11.515  0  0  IO,:fi»  17  b 
J989  14,033  18  (i  15,732  14  6 
1830    |o^!»a8  I  2   17,9yO  5  0 


1831  £17,502  16  10  £I4,8IU  15  6 

1832  15.4d3  6  9   12,75H  17  It 

1833  14.813  5  3   13,110  18  40 
1831  16,833  15  1   12,478  6  9 

HORTlCt'LTVHAL   BOaF.TY. 

^'fpril  24.     The  anniversary   meeting 
was  held,  T.  A.  Knight.  e!>q.  President,^ 
in  the  chair.     The   report  urmounced  kl 
progressive  improvement  in  the  tinandu 
concerns  of  the   institution,  and  bondc! 
have  been  paid  and  cancelled  to  the  ex^ 
tent  of  1300/.       The  out-standing  debt  i^j 
now  reduced  to  lG,8l7/.,  of  which  14v350(«; 
is  in  bond ;  the  uvdiiuble  assets  amoua() 
to  5,3()2iL,  and  the  estimated  value  of  th^j 
Society's     other     property    is     23,100A»1 
making  28,4ti2/.  the  luul  amount.       Th^J 
receipts  of  the  last  year  have  been  5538^1 
2i.  \kl.,  and  have  exceeded  the  expendi(ur 
by  more  than   1,UII0/.,     Tlie  firist  publi^l 
exhibition    took    pluce  at   ihe    Society'*] 
Gardens  at  Chiswick,  on  the  IHh  of  May* 
when     the   gold     liunksiun    n»edul    Mas 
awarded    to  five  specimens  the  large  sil-> 
ver  medal  to  eleven,  and  the  BanksiMikj 
medal  to  ten.     There   will  \h'  only  two> 
other   Garden  meetings  this  year,  on  the 
6th  of  June,  and  on  the  4th  of  July. 

OXTOBB    I'MVKRsnY. 

May   20.     In   a    C«)iiV(K^tion   holden 
this  day,  it  was  submitted  to  the  liouse 
to  abolish  the  sub*eripti^in  to  the  Thirty- 
nine    Articles    at    Mntrirulalinn,   and    to 
substitute  a  tubtcription   to  the  follov^ing 
declaration,  deferring  the  subscription  to 
the  Articles  to  the  period  at  which  the 
first  degree  should  be  taken.   "  I,    A  B. 
declare  tliat  I  do,  so  fur  as  my  knowledge-^ 
extends,  assent   to   the   doelrmrs  of  the 
United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland, 
as  set  forth  in  her  Thirty-nine  Articles  *< 
that  I  will   conform  to   her  Ijiturgy  nni* 
discipline:    and    that     I   am   ready  an^^ 
willing  to  be  instructed  in  her  articles  i 
religion,  ant  required  by  the  xtatutes  uf  thi»4 
University."      On    the    question    briny! 
submitted  to  the   House,  and  a  s^Tutiny- 
taking  pbice,  the  numbers  were — For  the 
Decluration,  57;  against  it,  459. 

frrr.AM   CAKRIAGES  ON   COMMON    R0A08. 

Afay  11.  A  special  meeting  of  the 
shareholders  of  the  **  LahuIuu  and  Bir- 
mingham Steam-carriage  Lunijiiun"  .vti» 
held  at  Birmingham.     The  iv.  - 

directors,     which    was    of    ■< 


it   states   to    have   been  nn<i 

that  the  iiJideriHlcing  is   ti.  _    t  to  ra 

|j<»int  ut  which  it  nuiy  br  -•.xlt-iy  taken  up 
and  proM-euled  with  energy.  The  da- 
rectors  oddi  thtt  ibi^  ut  not  awactt. 


646 


Aniiquarum  Reitank^, 


[Jnne, 


a  singte  defect  now  exists  worthy  of  no> 
tice,  and  are  satisfied  that  the  difficulties 
lit  the  way  of  running  steam -carriages  on 
gravel  roads  are  entirely  obviated. 

nCSEKVATION   or  SUBJECTS  FOE 
DISSKCTION. 

Sereial  experiments  have  recently  been 
tried  in  Paris,  in  reference  to  a  method 
proposed  to  M.  Gannel  for  preventing 
the  putrefaction  of  bodies  employed  for 
the  purposes  of  practical  anatomy.  Two 
illustrations  of  the  effidencr  of  the  new 
method  are  mentioned.  The  be^nning 
of  March,  183i,  a  body  was  submitted  to 
the  proems  by  M.  Serres,  at  La  Piti^ :  at 
the  end  of  two  months,  the  cavities  of  the 
chest  and  abdomen  were  as  fresh  as 
twenty-four  hours  after  death;  the  muscles 
and  viscera  preserved  their  suppleness 
and  conkistence,  and  had  no  unpleannt 
smell.  The  experiment  was  repeated 
with  similar  results.  Again,  two  sub- 
jects were  experimented  upon  December 
20,  1834;  they  were  examined  20tb  Fe- 
bruar)-,  lti35,  and  found  in  a  state  of  per> 


feet  preservation,  and  tben  put  asideto 
the  8th  of  IMbrdi,  when  aU  the  pwtioM 
from  which  the  akin  bad  not  been  i«- 
moved  were  found  to  be  quite  noinjared, 
while  the  muscles  in  direct  contaec  with 
the  fluid  were  slightly  blenched  and  hv- 
dened,  but  not  nearly  to  dM  extent  which 
takes  place  from  alcohol. 

THE  INQUISITION. 

A  curious  publication,  dMwii^  die 
number  of  victims  that  have  be««  sacri- 
ficed by  the  Inquisition,  haa  jnak 
peared,  and  according  to  which  U 

fell  under  Torrequemada,  51,167 

Cisneros  34,958  under  Diego  Pciol 
Those  who  suffered  under  the  In^pria- 
tora  that  preceded  these  three  mooMm 
amounted  to  3,410,215.  It  is  reckoned 
that  31,912  have  been  burnt  alive,  15^659 
have  suffered  the  puniahment  of  the 
statue,  and  291 ,4M  that  of  the  peniten- 
tiaries. 500,000  families  have  been  de- 
stroyed by  the  Inquisition,  and  it  >«— 
cost  Spain  two  millions  of  her  children. 


ANTIQUARIAN  RESEARCHES. 


BOaETY  OF  ANTIQU.\ai£8. 

^^30.    W.  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

Lord  Prudhoe,  as  one  of  the  Auditors, 
read  the  report  of  the  last  jrear's  accounts. 
It  stated  that  the  income  of  the  jrear 
1834,  including  the  sales  of  SOOL  3  per 
cent.  consolH,  to  be  1 ,950/.  2«.  lOjd  and  the 
expenditure  to  bi- 1,632/.  I2<  b^d.  of  which 
fffiL  3f.  5d.  had  been  paid  lo  artists  and 
in  expensert  of  publications  bv  the  Society, 
and  422/.  15*.  in  salaries.  The  Treasurer 
stated  that,  in  consequence  of  two  dona- 
tions of  IML  and  150/.  to  the  Anglo. 
Saxon  Publication  Fund,  by  Mr.  Hudson 
Gurney,  (in  addition  to  his  original  sub- 
scription of  105/.)  and  also  of  a  pavment 
just  received  from  Messrs.  Black,  Voung, 
■nd  Young,  of  65/.  4*.  2d.  being  the  net 
g^Keeds  of  the  sale  by  them  of  Cedmon's 
Paraphrase  and  Pktes  up  to  the  31  st 
May,  1834,  there  remains  in  his  hands  a 
balance  of  125/.  14s  2d.  on  the  subscrip- 
tjon  account.  This  balance  being  more 
tnan  sufficient  to  reimburse  any  present 
Mninces  for  Anglo-Saxon  works  com- 
wni  *"■  J"  P^ogrem,  the  Society's  funds 
will  not  be  debited  with  any  payments 

the  !«"  '"^?""*  ^^""^  ""'  y^">  w»»en 
Exeter  ?,"*''?™''0"'»  of  Layamon  and  the 
'J>e  pre««  k"  c^  PTpa""?  respectively  for 
*Ir  iw^^""  *^«^derick  Aladden  and 
P»=fhaPB  iTi!^'  ""/'  occasion  further  and 
howovcr  ^^^,*u'^'=«*-  ^K»inst  f 
P»«    tttiBing    horn  VW  ?*\*  ^ 


works,  but  also  the  amount  of  fot^ef 
Donations  from  those  Members  of  the 
Sodet^,  who  may  he  disposed  to  encoa- 
lage  this  desirable  and  impcnrtant  ondo'- 
taking. 

The  remainder  was  read  of  Mr.  Sta- 
pleton's  abstract  of  the  Waidrobe  Ac 
counts  of  King  Edward  the  Second,  mea- 
tloned  in  our  last  report.  Amoiw  the 
historical  events  noticed  in  this  poii^of 
the  record,  is  the  King's  arbitrary  aeizuie 
of  the  district  of  Gower,  and  the  conse- 
quent Welsh  rebellion.  Several  genca* 
logical  occurrences  of  importance  occur; 
amon^  which  are  the  birth  of  the  King's 
son  John  of  Eltham,  the  marriage  of  his 
cousin  the  Countess  of  Ck>mwall  (w^knr 
of  the  favouriteGave8ton)toHi^  de  Aod- 
ley,  that  of  his  niece  Isabella  Despencer  to 
the  Earl  of  Arundel,  and  the  deathi^liea* 
trice  wife  of  Aymer  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
besides  several  other  marriages  and  deatfts 
of  the  principal  nobility.  At  the  fonas 
ceremony  the  King's  expenses  were  ■ 
presents  showered  upon  toe  heads  of  tht 
bride  and  bridegroom ;  at  die  ladar,  !■ 
rich  clothes  laid  upon  die  body  in  tmf 
church  in  whidi  it  rested,  i^mpi^  «ghr 
matters  illustntive  of  cMSnow.  wmau 
tries  relatiiy  f~  •»"'  *— 
brated  in  v 
gambling    ' 


1835] 


Society  of  Antiquaries. 


G47 


which  WB9  worth  Id.  of  the  current  coin, 
and  being  otfered  daily  was  always  re- 
deemed of  the  King's  Chaplain  at  that 
Hum,  9ic.  9^K,  Among  the  purchases 
for  ihc  KiTi)^  aro  six  pair  of  boots  from 
hi6  hoot-uiukfr  in  Fleet  Street  at  !i$.  a 
pair. 

Jfflff  7,     W,  R.  Hamilton,  esq.  V.P. 

It  xras  announced  ihut  nt  the  la»t  meet- 
inpof  the  Council,  it  had  been  dctextniiied 
to  deliver  the  eii^ravin^K  made  from  Mr. 
Sinirke's  drav^-inf^s  of  St.  Stephen's  cha- 
pel, as  a  number  of  the  Vetusta  Monu- 
inentn,  and  that  some  copies  would  be 
coloured  by  Mr.  Douse,  wbirh  might  be 
takt^n  by  those  members  who  desired  them 
oti  the  |>aymetit  of  \t. 

A  letter  was  read  from  John  Gage, 
€«<|.  Director,  accompanying  tbe  exhim- 
tion  of  two  of  the  sepulchral  stones,  and 
■  rubbing  of  a  third,  which  were  found  at 
Hitrtlepool  in  IH331,  and  described  in  our 
Miiguzine  for  September  in  that  year. 
After  much  consideration,  and  corres- 
pondence with  those  best  acquainted  with 
the  Runic  charactens  both  in  this  country 
and  on  the  continent,  it  is  supposed  that 
the  inst-riptionfl  on  those  engraved  in  that 
Alaguzirie,  p.  2lf>,  arc  merely  the  names  of 
deceased  ;  that  \%nth  the  A  and  D.  indecy- 
pbered  Hilditbryth,  and  the  other  l^ilddi- 
gyth.  On  another,  with  a  cross,  are  the 
Latin  words  ORA  Pao  vertobt, 

K.  Ptirrell,  esq.  Chief  Clerk  to  the 
Storekeeper  of  the  Ordnance  at  the 
Tower  of  London,  exhibited  a  bronze 
sword  or  cleddyv,  found  atxiut  two  years 
ago  in  the  Thame*  by  men  dredpni;  for 
ballast  near  Limchoii»e.  It  i^  in  won- 
derfully  perfect  preservation,  which  is 
attributed  to  its  immersion  in  water. 
One  nearly  resembling  it,  found  at  Ful. 
bouni  in  Cambridgeshire,  is  in  the  Mey- 
rick  collection  at  (ioodrich  Court,  and 
engraved  in  Skelton's  Illustrations  of 
Arms  and  Armour,  pi.  xlt-ii.  6g.  14;  and 
another,  found  in  the  river  Lark  near 
JBury,  is  engraved  in  the  Gentleman's 
Maguinc  for  June  18^.  Mr.  Porrett 
also  exhibited  a  bronze  javelin  bead,  found 
in  the  river  Lee  near  Kn6dd.  It  has  twu 
loops  supposed  to  be  intended  for  a  string, 
whereby  it  might  be  drawn  back  by  the 
perjton  casting  it,  A  weapon  resembling 
'  is  also  engraved  in  tbe  same  plate  of 
Eelton's  work. 

}.  A.  Kepton,  esq.  F.S.  A.  communi- 

"  a  series  of  sketches  of  ancient  fe. 

hend^resscs,  copied  from  old  print*. 

**»l«.andmonum— '      -  ''  -everal 

•<ff«  on  tbi-  racted 

hi  . .  il  as  a 

'<«roncal  notices  of 

bliabid  in  the 


May  \\.  Henry  Hallam,  esq.  V.  P. 
The  Rev.  Arniytage  Gaus»en  prcfente<I 
a  Roman  millstone,  found  near  Smtes' 
wood,  a  Roman  station,  in  the  parish  of 
Anstey,  in  Herts,  near  tbe  line  of  the 
Ermine-street  road. 

Sir  William  Middleton,  Bart,  exhi- 
bited the  Roman  speculum  or  pocket 
mirror,  fourwi  iit  Cuddenbam,  in  Suffolk, 
in  the  yvar  \^:i,  the  two  sides  of  the  ex- 
terior uf  %\  hicb,  uniameiited  with  medal- 
lions, are  engraved  in  the  Gentleman's 
Magazuic  for  April  IS^.  From  the 
perfect  exclusion  of  the  air.  the  two  small 
mirrors  within  are  still  surprisingly  perfect, 

Mr.  Doubleday  exhibited  a  collectioa_ 
of  casts  of  Roman  imperial  coins,  in  or*' 
der  to  illustrate  some  interesting  observt 

tions   to  the   following  purport Thtj 

figure  of  Britannia  on  our  copper  coinaga 
is  drawn  in  tbe  same  attitude  in  which 
this  island  has  been  supposed  to  be  repre- 
sented on  some  coins  of  Rome;  and  one 
of  Antoninus  Pius  is  presumed  to  have 
been  the  model  from  which  the  tigurc  warn 
first  copied  in  tbe  reign  of  Charles  tbe] 
Second.  (That  the  portrait  of  the 
Duchess  of  Richmond,  one  of  the  King's 
favourites,  was  drawn  in  the  same  cha- 
racter and  attitude,  is  well  known.)  In. 
the  coin  of  Antoninus  the  word  bri< 
TANNiA  is  inscribed  in  large  characiers! 
oyer  the  figure.  But  the  attitude  of  em.  j 
pire,  in  which  tbe  female  is  seated,  is  not 
that  which  would  have  been  assigned  to 
a  conquered  country.  Other  Roman 
provinces  are  usually  represented  siandiu^^ 
as  Mr.  Doubleday  showed  by  many  ex- 
amples, in  which  their  personifications 
stand,  holding  their  appropriate  symbi.>l»  ; 
but  the  same  figure  as  that  on  the  coin 
with  the  legend  beitannia,  occurs  on  the 
coins  of  other  countries;  and  Mr.  Dou- 
bleday  considers  it  to  be  alwajii  a  jHTsorii- 
tication  of  tbe  Roman  empire  iLself  the 
legend  refeired  to  the  conquest  of  tbfi 
country.  There  are  two  coins  of  Ha. 
drian,  which  unquestionably  bear  ■  per- 
sonification of  Britannia,  but  in  *  very 
different  altitude. 

J.  G.  Nichols,  esq.  exhibited  a  rubbing 
taken  from  the  sepulchral  inscription  of 
Ilbertos  de  Chaz,  fomiorly  at  Farley 
Priory,  Wiltshire,  and  now  preserved  at 
Lacock  Abbey  in  the  janie  county.  lU 
bertus  was  a  witness  to  the  charter  of 
Humphrey  and  Matilda  de  Buhun  to 
Fariey,  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II,.  «nd  a 
material  benefactor  to  the  monastery. 
The  curiosity  of  the  inscription  consiMs 
in  the  manner  in  which  its  length  is  ab- 
breviated  by  the  insertion,  in  such  letters 
as  afford  cavities  for  the  purpose,  of  those 
letters  which  immediately  follow,—* 
practice  of  which  there  arc  «wtwe  vasiojBt 


Antiquarian  Researches. 


I 


h 


64B 

insunces  of  nearly  tbe  isame  i>eriod,  but 
none  in  which  it  is  t-airicd  to  the  siime 
extreme.  A  fac-siniile  ia  about  to  be 
published  i»  Mr.  Bowles's  History  of 
Lacock  Abbey.  Mr.  J.  G.  Nichols  ulso 
exhibited  a  rubbing  of  a  snmll  coffin  lid  at 
Lacock  Abbey,  on  which  three  croiiiis 
are  engraved  in  outlini;,  and  which  hecon- 
BJders  may  have  marked  the  spot  where 
the  heart  ut  Nicholas  Longespe,  Bishop 
of  Salishur)',  was  interred. 

jWai/  21.  Thomas  Amyot,  esq.  Trea- 
surer,  in  the  chair. 

Sir  Thotnas  Sunley,  Bart,  exhibited 
several  spear  headtf  of  bronze,  rings,  and 
beads,  found  at  a  place  called  Inshmen  s 
huts,  at  the  footot  liolyheiid  Mountain. 

Thoiiiafl  Staplcton,  es>q.  Kb. A.  com- 
jnunicated  some  charters  of  the  abbey  of 
St.  Martin  d'Auchy,  near  Auniale  or  Al- 
bemarle, ill  the  diotefic  of  Rouen,  showing 
that  Adeliza  the  sister  of  the  Conqueror, 
and    Aileliza    viife    of    Ucio    Count   of 
Champagne,   were   not  the  same  person, 
as  they  have  hitherto  been  considered ; 
but  that  there  were   two  of  the  name, 
mother  and  daughter.     The  former  w»« 
married  to  Enguerraud  Count  ot  l^onthieu 
(hitherto  overlooked   in  the  genealogy  i, 
by  whom  ube  had  two  daughters — Ade- 
liza married  to    Odo   above-mentioned; 
and  Judith,  the  wife  of  Waltheof  Earl  of 
Northumberland  and  Huntingdon,     Thts 
lather  of   this    Counteits  Judith   has  hi- 
therto been  stated  a«  Count  Udo.      1  he 
name  ot"  Inglerum.  »on  of  Stephen    Earl 
of  Albemarle,  {nunied  in  Dugdatc)  was 
evideJitly  derived  troin  his  great-gmnd- 
father,  Enguenaud.      Mr.  biapleton  re- 
marked, that  I  here  is  no  foundation  fur 
the  ataiement  ot  Urdericiis  Viialis.  par- 
tially  adopted  by  iJugdale,  that  Holder- 
ness,  tbe  English  liel  ol  the  house  ol  Ai. 
bemurle,    *as    ever   deemed    a    county. 
These   genealogical    corrigenda  are    the 
more  interestmgat  the  pre»enc  time,  from 
the  relation  they  bear  to  the   Poem  on 
the  battle  of  Ha*ijiig»,  by  Gwy  Bishop 
of  Amiens,  uncle  to  the  Count  Enguer- 
raud,    the    publication   ot    which  J«J  ex- 
pected Bhortiy,  under  the  editonbip  of  M  r. 
Petri  e. 


[Jt«. 


TUMULUS   NEAB   AKt'.HDIX. 

A    abort  lime  since  a  tif"-"i 
ledatBtttpbam  (furmcrl 
miles  from  Artindel.      1 


A  3 


were  the  remains  of  on  inm  cwtmlt  M^ 
above  the  head,  on  the  light,  a  fieototAi 
same  metal,  c-onjectured  to  bcTc  been  tt« 
point  of  a  spear.  This  Harrow  is  not  tv*^ 
taut  from  the  Hncieiit  camp  ot  Bux^-i 
work   attributed    by    antiquahe»   ' 
Belgic    Britons.        Several    r.'*^  •  ' 
in  the    neigbbuurhood   nre   u 
opened  during  the  summer. 

T>iR  cu>:tan  BABCoruikcra. 
A  niugnificent  »«n:opluigiis  waa  dM»- 
vered  lafct  j-ear  in  t ^rctc  by  Sir  Putt»t»7 
Maleolin,  vbo  patrioticully  brouKkl  ao 
England,  and  has  prceeotcd  it toiiw  lat- 
ver&ity  of  Cambridge.  It  ia  of  Paia 
marble,  and  more  tfaan  aeven  fett  Ink 
and  in  tine  pres^ervstioa.  XW  oA^il 
well  as  front  of  tbe  aareopha^iiai,  iortat^ 
tbe  cover,  are  entirely  »riil|>nirB4.  A( 
subject  is  tbe  triumpUaiii  returs  of  §m- 
cbus  from  India.  'i  be  bgurea  •*•  » 
high  relief:  a  naked  you(h»  •ruofHfi(ia- 
der  a  wine-skiri,  acroiupanied  bjr  • 
eian,  leads  the  procesaioo ;  ■ 
follows  with  three  girla  on  ica 
ing  on  the  double  pipe  and  ejiaimk:  ai' 
lenus,  suflinentiy  intoxicaCdd.  la  boo* 
alter  by  two  youths  v*ho  seem  DM  m- 
conscious  of  the  wrifirbC;  wbijr  a  ^jr 
loUows,  striking  at' 
ing  into  tbe  air  \«  i 
and  female  centaur 
woman  to  tbe  wui^t 
foul;"  the  other  L,i 
vine  leaves  and  seeuis  iii 
bi8  female  companion  trica  to  aooU,  t; 
tbro^a'ing  her  arm  round  bi»  tmtki 
empty  cup,  dcficndinf  Irou  hvr  faiyi 
intiamtes  that  wine  has  aoneCluaflj 
with  the  wrath  which  i^^Mtcs 
is  more  distinctly  iutimattid  bj  < 
of  tbe  closing  group.  Bacidnv  i 
all  youth  and  beauty — giST* 
joyous  in  a  splendid  car,  on  m  paawat  aT' 
which  a  youth  and  satyr  are  coamatH^i 
the  right  hand  of  tbe  gud  cIrvMf|«a  •  a»> 
phy,  while  the  left  hajid  proMcat  a 
trembling  faun,  his  compwiiou  i«  iW  «M. 
ut  whom  the  angry  centaur  Hprtna  i»  Oa 
act  ot  throwing  a  wuie-cup.  'I'bc  fsar  wt 
tbe  one,  and  tbe  surly  wr»th  of  tbe  < 
are  well  expreased.  Tmo  men,  wii 
end  of  th«  carcophagiM, 
about  a  child,  which  tuyaM  I  ^ 

in  a  basket ;  wbUe  on  tb«  odboc  «i5d  ana 
cuptd^  arc  engaged  in  an  attempt  to  pot  t 
tip^y  satyr  to  bed ;  drayrery  i«  ainiiaaAd 
i>etween  two  trees  .  ■  ^  Imv*  tkw 

tnend  on  their  *b<>ii  ,rr  stn«ai(t 

'  '  "' browa  aad  inlka 

-ii-,  ut  tb«^  fnitikw 

whole    narnmm    mmm 


r«biting   t^M  to  lfei_ 
iiiiphoity  ait4l  ),i4Vityof  arul|>turr. 


4 


^ 


I 


Hm^'sE  or  LoRtis. 
May  12,  Tlic  Duke  o{  Rirhmond  pre- 
seiited  a  report  Irom  the  pRrsoN  Dist^I- 
Pl.tNE  CoMHlTTEK,  wLirh  contained  the 
following  e«niest  rtfcotimiindations — 1st, 
thiit  it  is  expiMlient  thut  one  uniform  «y«> 
tctn  of  pmoii  di»dplirie  be  established  in 
all  gaolft,  peiiitentiuiie!!,  and  houses  of  ror- 
rectioii,  througlumt  England  and  Wqlc^i ; 
itl,  tbnt  uiiifortnity  of  vi»itntiuii  lihall  be 
adopted  with  reference  to  alJ  gaol*,  &c. ; 
3d,  that  inspectors  be  authorised  (u  mit 
prisons,  &c.  from  time  to  time,  And  to  re. 
port  their  remarks  thereon  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  Stute  ;  -kh,  that  the  separation  of 
pri»ionerfi,  except  at  the  time  of  labour 
and  of  Bttcndatioe  on  religious  womhip,  is 
nccesatry:  ath,  that  oil  eomtnuturation 
Uetween  prisoners  both  before  and  after 
trial,  ihaU  be  prevented,  and  that  a  tys- 
iMii  of  strict  silcnie  »hall  be  enforced  j 
tilh,  that  perhons  impriiioned  on  tlie 
'  of  insanity  fiboll  not  be  confined 
in  tbe  houM  of  fx>rrection,— The  report 
uaa  ordered  to  be  printed ;  and  on  the 
motion  of  the  unie  nuble  Iluke,  it  was 
afH'ced  that  the  Comuiittee  f>hiiuld  be  em. 
powered  to  exteud  tlieir  iuquiriea  to 
Sootknd. 

In  tl>«  Hoi788  or  Conkoki,  the  mat 
day,  the  fullowing  menibera  of  the  new 
(rovernnxMit  luok  tlie  uatha  and  their 
seat*; — Mr.  :>.  Ilw-e,  Sir  J,  Hobhouiic, 
Sir  ii  Purnell.  Sir  J.  C'»nipt>c]l,  Mr  P. 
TboinpMMi,  C-oliJiifl  I^eith  Htiy,  Mr.  W  . 
H.  Ord.  Mr.  Holfe,  Mr.  Labouchere, 
Sir  T.  Troubrid^e,  Sir  K.  Donkin,  Sir 
G.  CJrey,  .Adminil  Adam.  Lord  Sey- 
mour, Lord  DHimeiiy,  and  Mr.  R.  Steu- 
art.  New  writ*  were  then  ordered  for 
Stroud,  for  the  euunry  of  Kildaie,  tor  the 
fioutheni  division  of  the  county  of  Siaf. 
£onl,  £or  MaliuiK  and  for  Poole. 


ground 


Hoi'MK  OF  Lonus,  Miiy  1.1 
A  petition  Ma«  presented  from  the  Lord 
Mayor.  Aldermen,  and  Common  (k>iin. 
cil  of  Lundtni,  praying;  fur  the  abolition  of 
the  i>tuinp  dutieii  on  newspaper*.  Th<-y 
runtplained  of  the  tux  on  niiw«|Mi]n'r(i 
and  tbe  \mx  on  iHJokii — a  tax  u}wn 
kiiowkHlge  both  civil  and  poVitiral — «nd 
theffow  prMved  their  lordxhipii  lu  take 
tbe  t.i  '     r  coii«ider»':  ".''  ■ 

MffOi  teridl— lli> 

tiraa  ■.;-  .1  ,  ut.u-i, ,, 

prevent  (> 
to  a  Very  m  ^     .  > 

the  tax  was  U>Ml  a    W.\  indiudltaJ*  Itad 
Gi:m.  MAti.  Vol..  111. 


In  the  Hot'SE  of  CoMMOVS,  the  same 
day,  tbe  House  went  into  a  Committee 
of  Supply,  wb«a  tbe  Miscellaneout  Es- 
timates were  agreed  to.  A  motion  uf 
Mr.  fitrme's  for  reducing  tbe  sum  al- 
lowed to  the  yeomanry  corps  by  30,1  KX)/. 
wa>  lost  bj  a  majority  of  77  to  17. — 
The  Oaths  Abolition  Bill,  and  the 
Alcrchunt  Seaman's  BitI,  were  then  read 
second  time,  and  committed 

May  18.  A  new  wnt  for  tbe  borough  of 
Stafiford  having  been  moved  fur,  Mr.  DU 
veti  said,  that  after  the  conclu»ive  proofs 
which  bad  been  fumisbed  of  tbe  existence 
of  gro8K  bribery  and  corniption  amongi^t 
the  electors,  he  thought  they  were  bound 
to  take  fionie  decisive  steps,  and  with  that 
view  he  moved,  as  an  amendment,  ihut  tbe 
issue  of  the  writ  should  b«  suRpended 
until  Monday,  the  22d  of  June  —Sir  H 
Pal  thought'  it  perfectly  competent  to 
the  HouiiC  to  dcjil  with  the  c«*«  before 
tlicin.  'I'he  determination  to  su^pcnd  the 
writ  would  not  be  conclusive  iisi  ro  the 
ulterior  question  of  pemiHiicndy  ilisfrMn- 
cbising  the  borough  or  not.  The  amentf. 
ment  was  finally  cjtrried,  and  the  writ 
stands  suspended. 

In  the  Committee  of  Supply  Sir  Jiobtrt 
Pfvt  took  o»Trt*ioii  to  notice  »he  increase 
of  visitor*  and  readers  at  the  Urirish  Mu- 
seum, in  the  year  XKi-i,  as  cunijiurcd  m  ith 
the  year  1833.  the  visitors  httviiiK  iucreated 
Irom  '.^iO.tluu  to  2;{7,UUU,  and  the  readers 
from  a,HOO  to  7.2(ki. 

Ma\j  I 'J.  Mr.  Wyu  obtained  leave  to 
bring  in  a  Bill  for  tbe  prttmotion  of  genenil 
Educviion  in  1rkla>'o.  His  object 
Wat  to  found  one  universal  system  uf 
«4iu<:«lion.  unaccompamed  by  any  sec- 
tarian   prejudices. 

Mr.  JiuilPH  moved  for  an  address  to 
the  Crown  on  the  i^iibject  ut  the  Slavs 
Tmaok,  which  being  seconded  by  Mr. 
f  -  -  -'     -     '  r'  ■    '     flu-  Chuncellor 

1  fewreiuarks 
;  -  J . .  I    - .  -  !  r  u 

Ml.   H 
a  Dill  tn  ii! 
the    ( 
OCht': 


Ho. 
All  avuvikvivucvNt 


I 


ted  to  B  Select  Committee. — Mr.  /lume 
spoke  ill  favour  of  the  Select  Comniitte* 
as  the  course  which  best  iigreed  with  the 
present  crude  state  uf  the  Bill. — Sir  .^. 
yljrnevf  WHS  lor  a  commitlce  ot  the  whole 
House. — The  Chancellor  of  the  Exche- 
quer was  aliiO  for  n  Cominittec  of  the 
whole  Hoiise»  but  tl»oup;ht  the  raeastire 
would  becotue  a  dead  letter. — Sir  H.  Peel 
expressed  serious  doubts  whether  Parlia- 
mi'Ut  could  promote  the  obscrvattce  of  the 


Sabbath  by  leciiblating  on  tlie  sul, 
He  «bser\'ed  that  tbc  Sabbath-day 
never  better  observed  than  aC  pre»«>nt.  nni 
declared  himself  aguinst  the  utlcoipt  to 
get  rid  of  the  Bill  by  a  side  wind. —  Mr. 
Jfauft  withdrew  his  amendment.  —  A  lonf 
uitd  desuttory  discussion  follovred ;  and 
the  Bill,  having  i»si$ed  through  the  Com. 
mittee,  was  ordered,  with  its  amcndi 
to  be  printed. 


FOREIGN    NEWS. 


imcgh 


FRANCE. 

The  French  Chuinber  of  Peers  is  pro- 
«  ceeditig-,  in  its  character  of  a  state  tribunal, 
witli  the  trittl  of  the  persons  \\!m>  have 
been  thirteen  months  ini;iri$oned  for  nU 
leged  participntion  in  the  insurrectionary 
movcmfnis  by  which  France  was  dis*- 
turbcd  in  the  spring  of  last  year.  The 
trials  are  going  on  in  the  absence  of  the 
majority  of  the  accused,  CM' the  I'Jl  pri- 
soners, 93  rtfuscd  to  permit  the  act  of 
accusation  to  be  read  until  counsel  ap- 
jKjintcd  by  thcnisf Ives  should  be  present. 
The  free  selection  of  counsel  bad  been 
previously  denied  by  the  Court.  After 
frequent  and  violent  scenes  of  uproar,  the 
readmp  of  the  uct  of  accussition  was  com- 
menced. It  WU.S  of  great  length,  and  the 
reading  of  it  occujiied  several  days,  Tal- 
leyratidj  Gcnir<l,  Soult,  and  8oine  others, 
have  perempti>rily  refused  to  sit  as  judges 
on  thi*  triul ;  and  J) I  ]H*rsun<!,  of  political 
consequence,  who  signed  a  protest  against 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  peers,  have  been 
summoned  before  their  tribunnl. 

On  the  S-'i*!  of  April,  the  Chamber  of 
Deputies  divided  on  the  Anti-Slavery 
question,  and  the  emancipation  of  the 
eluve^  was  refu^ied  by  a  majority  ofii40 
to  51.  The  sum  required  <<ir  ihe  indem- 
nity to  the  planters  appears  to  have 
prinripally  weighed  with  the  ("hantber  in 
coming  to  this  decision.  The  cxum])le 
of  Kngland  was  repudiated  by  those  who 
delend  the  cause  of  the  slave  oivner*,  on 
the  ground  that  the  French  alaves  were 
not  so  vvell  prepared  for  enaanci]>ation  aa 
the  Engli&b. 

SPAIN. 

There  is  no  immediate  prospect  of  the 
termination  of  the  ciWl  war  which  still 
unfortunately  rages  in  the  northern  pro- 
vinces It  appear;)  that  a  series  of  Itatties 
was  fought,  from  the  iJOth  to  the  «4th  of 
April,  between  the  armies  of  Valdex  and 
Zuinnlanirreguy,in  ubieb,  according  to  all 
the  a4CouiiU  which  have  rc«ched  us,  tbe 

i latter  wiis  victorious. 
Un  the  nth  of  April,   Martinet  de  la 
koaa,  in  the  Procuradores,   «ud  that  by 
hw  etvrjr  runvrnt  should  mtmbct  at  \«ik»t 


12  monks,    and  ms  890  cotivcntB  wwrr 

fotmd  not  to  have  so  mimjr*  thej  wooM 
be  suppressed.    The  raormatic  populatioa 
had  mucli  diminit^hed,  and    it  w«a  becrrr  _ 
to  extinguish  it  gradually  and  legally  than  ■ 
after  any  abrupt  or  revuiutioniuy  faahion.   1 
poaTUOAt.. 

Her  Majesty  olosed  the  se«cion  oa  tfae 
22nd  April.  She  deplores  in  her  spe«^ 
the  Iof>«  of  her  husband.  Fhe  AivkmixbU* 
prospect*  opening  for  Portugal  are  itwck 
upon,  and  hhe  promises  the  utmoft  acteiiu 
tinn  to  economy  and  tbe  refomadoo  of 
abuses.  A  partial  change  of  Minuttj 
ha.>i  taken  place  in  Portugal,  the  Dulu  m 
Palme  lla  and  M.  Fe<kcaz  haNing  rcaigacd. 
The  Duke's  successor,  as  Secrecaiy  ol 
State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  ia  the  Coaai 
de  Villa  Real. 

Both  Chanibere  have  voted  tbe  per* 
petual  exclusion  of  Don  MigueL     A  se- 
cret fte*»iion  was  held  on  the  9th  of  April, 
to  consider  the  Queen's  new  marriage,  and 
to  fix  the  succcsiiiun,   in  case  of  ber  de- 
inixe  without  ip-sue,  when  uidy  prince*    h 
not  connected  with  the  iloly  Alliance,  or    ■ 
with  powerful  states,  were  declared  et^fK    ■ 
ble  candidates  for  her  Alajeatj'a  Isttd. 
Tbe  Queen  has  replied  to  the  meca^ge  of 
tbe  Chambers,  with  calm  and  becoaMf 
dignity,  that  as  a  Portugue«e  aiid  a  Q«rca 
she   shall   adopt   that  course  wliicb  the 
Chunibcn'  consider  tbc  best  i^alculalcd  Cor 
tbe  good  of  Portugal- 

peaiuA. 

Accounts  from  Pervia  aniNnuiee  the 
signal  success  of  our  gallant  rounrryman, 
Sir  Henry  fictbune,  in  frustraliug  the 
rebellious  macbmituons  recently  carried 
on  against  tbe  guvenuncnt  of  tbe  new 
Sbab,  by  whom  he  bud  liecn  dispatrbei 
to  Ispahan  to  uke  possesion  of  ihut  os- 
pital-  Sir  Henry,  oy  lorcrd  niarcbr*<  and 
other  military  manoeuvres,  intcrct-ptrd  tb* 
insurgent  Princes  in  their  advaiu-v  on 
Isftahim,  and  rooipletely  defeated,  witli 
inferior  numbers,  their  army  of  6,000 
troops,  principally  cavitlr)-.  The  camp 
and  baggage  of  the  hostile  chiefs,  tase> 
thcr  with  their  entire  force  of 
fell  into  the  hands  of  tbe  victora. 


I 


1835.] 


Domeitic  Occurratce*, 


CAPE  Of  GOOD  HOPE. 
There  has  been  a  serious  imtptiun  of 
the  Caflrcs,  who  h«ve  committed  many 
atrocities  on  the  settlers.  The  whole  of 
the  English  and  Dutch  residents,  from 
the  age  of  sixteen  to  sixty,  have  been  iin- 
derartDK,  subject  to  nmrtiallaw  and  doing 
duty  as  aoldiers,  for  the  protection  of  (he 
coinmunity.  The  attack  ut  the  CttfTres 
had  been  combined  and  Mmultaiu-uus, 
the  Scotch  hiration!)  of  B»%uriiiii  Kivcr 
■iid  Winterberg,  the  Kqona;),  AUMiiiy, 
and  the  di^tnet  of  I'tcnhnKue,  having; 
lieen  ntlocked  at  the  K«mc  time.  Iiitel- 
heence  of  ibc  ^'ind  of  Mareh  »iuti'!<,  thut 
the  farce.x  under  tlie  Field  ('uiaiiuiitdjuit 
had  bad  a  etUurp  action  with  u  great  body 


of  the  CaflTres,  and  it  \vns  only  by  the 
greatest  bravery  and  intrepidity  (hMt  the 
troops  were  enabled  to  ii^l't  theii'  way 
through  the  savnge* — but  with  the  l(»s»  of 
about  thirteen  killed  and  wnunded.  In 
the  neijrhhourhood  of  Kurt  Willshire,  Col. 
Smith  had  fullen  in  with  a  body  of  the 
enemy,  and  [lursued  the  Caifren  to  a  con- 
Mderuhle  riistjmce,  with  a  loss,  however, 
of  nine  killed  and  thirteen  wounded. 
The  eneinv  bad  loO  killed.  The  attacks 
of  the  l^ttJ^res.  mode  between  the  date  of 
the  former  advices  were  the  moxt  Aerioui 
thut  had  occiirrrd :  but,  notwith<>tHndin)f 
t}tey  hkid  id>vuys  been  defeated,  still  they 
renewed  ihcic  attack*  with  uiiubuted  ob< 
Btinacy  and  coucage. 


DOMESTIC    OCCURRENCES. 


Mittj  II.  Lord  Mulf^Tare  maile  hiit  pub- 
lic entry  into  Dublin,  us  Lord  Litute- 
nant  of  Ireldnd.  He  was  met  by  the  city 
authorities  ut  OldBdlV  Bridge,  whirh  that 
murning  had  hevn  rechristetied  Mul|,n^ve 
Bridge,  it)  compliment  In  his  Excellency. 
The  ijiLubitMtit»  of  Duhlin  aitd  hi  viei- 
nity  bad  uccoinpanicd  his  lordship  and 
suite  from  Kinii^town,  and  the  reception 
accorded  to  him  wu$  of  the  most  flatter- 
ii>g  description.  There  could  not  be  lets 
than  lOO.OtX)  people  assembled  to  honour 
bis  Alajettty's  representative. 

CoUagt  .lUotmeut  Si/tUm. —  We  rejoico 
to  obaerve  the  suecesaful  progrc»s  of  this 
laudable  system  ia  various  parts  of  the 
country,  which  ha.«  undoubtedly  a  ten. 
dency  to  raise  the  Inbounng  classes,  and 
with  it  renew  the  almost  lost  «en»e  of  in- 
dependence  which  furmerly  distinruished 
the  English  labourerii.  Among  the  ear- 
liest promoters  of  the  cottage-allotment 
»y«teiii,  which  for  .•teveml  yean  he  has 
laboured  to  establish  and  extend,  occurs 
the  name  of  the  Venerable  Dishop  of 
Bath  and  Wells.  At  a  recent  meeting 
of  the  Labourer's  Friend  So«,'icty,  this 
learned  and  exemplary  Prelate  presided, 
and  thuf^  spoke  of  the  cottage-allotment 
system  in  his  address  from  the  chair — 
'*  In  the  first  place,  it  secured  the  poor 
man  against  the  pressure  of  extreme 
want— tn  the  second,  it  induced  habits  of 
industry,  sobriety,  and  a  bealtbv  state  of 
morul  Hud  religious  feeling.  The  bene- 
titft  arising  from  small  allotments  of  land 
he  would  notice  as  experienced  in  his  own 
case.  He  allowed  the  poor  man  a  rood  or 
■•rood  and  a  half  of  ground  at  fm  thillinct. 
produee  of  whu  ' 
tiuld  ii>^$ure  the 


late  to  a  great  extent  in  this  country,  it* 
bkely  to  be  superseded  by  some  u*«eful 
experiments  which  are  now  nniking  in 
the  manufiicfuriiig  districts,  and  which 
will,  in  sotr.c  degree.  clcHr  the  ujfri- 
cultural  parisbc*  of  the  South  and  West 
of  England  of  their  redutidaut  popit- 
lation.  It  appears  that  there  is  at  pre* 
seJit  a  great  demand  for  labour  in  Lan- 
cashire and  Chei>hire»  and  tluit  a  number 
of  labourers  iu  Buckinghamshire,  who 
had  to  complain  of  low  wages  and  scanty 
employ,  having,  through  the  jmrish- 
officer,  entered  into  a  negotiation  with 
Mr.  Ashwortb  and  Messrs.  Grey,  ac 
Qnarry-bank,  near  Wilrasluw,  Lanca. 
shire,  were,  wnth  their  families,  con- 
veyed to  the  latter  place,  where  they  all 
found  full  efwploy,  at  good  wages,  the 
fathers  as  labourers,  and  such  of  the  chil- 
dren as  were  of  sufficient  Hge  in  the  cot- 
ton factories,  the  lutter  being  engaged  at 
progressive  salaries,  commencing  with  5«. 
per  week.  The  extent  to  which  employ, 
ment  can  be  provided  in  I^neaxhire  and 
Cheshire,  (says  the  Manchester  Guar- 
dianj,  is  at  the  present  time  very  great, 
and  when  the  new  mills  which  are  now  in 
course  of  erection  shall  Lc  completed, 
the  demand  for  hibour  will  he  still  mom 
extensive.  In  the  neighbourhood  of 
Stalybridge  alone  there  are  said  to  be 
mills  now  building  which  will  furnish 
eraployuient  for  at  IcmmI  3U<.Nt  wurkiog 
pp^jpl,.  .    ...  .!.,.»  ....  ...|.<;t;,.,...i   1  .«ion 

of    Ul  (!- 

cesMu  ort 

Adv.  of 

haul  i^'f 

I  b« 


I 
I 


panUe  remedy  oi  emigfatjoii,  pursued  ot     iunkM 


653 


Domntie  Occvrrcnen. 


[J: 


mmpew  to  Imv*  been  mtirrij  dMied  of 
their  superabuoduit  pofwladou,  and  have 
cww4  to  yield  anjr  further  rapplie* ;  and 
there  is,  therefore,  an  excellent  opening 
for  tboM  who  may  be  ditpoaed  to  remove 
from  the  Sourb. 

The  agricultural  lahourera  in  the  neigh- 
bourbuud  of  RiK  are  in  a  very  unsettled 
■tate,  bavinft  inarte  a  Ktrike  for  H-aget, 
and  bcinfr  much  disBatisiied  with  the  pro. 
vision*  of  the  New  Poor  Law  Bill.  A 
mectiag  of  pearly  500  kbourent  hitely  took 
plare,  when  a  union  was  formed,  whirh 
now  consists  of  upwards  of  1,000  inein> 
beta,  and  a  system  was  organised  for  sup- 
porting the  gencml  body. 

DisturbMiices  have  occurred  among  the 
agricultural  labourers  at  Bedford.  The 
paupers  demanded  relief  in  money,  and 
upon  the  refusal  of  their  demands,  they 
attacked  the  house  in  which  the  guardians 
were  asaembled,  broke  the  windows,  and 
threatened  further  violence.  The  local 
magistrates  became  alarmed,  and  finding 
the  civil  force  of  the  town  wholly  inade- 
quate to  the  preser\-ation  of  the  peace, 
made  application  fur  assistance  to  the 
Ilume-uffice,  upon  which  twenty  men 
of  the  metropolitan  police  were  de- 
spatched to  their  aid.  The  appearance 
of  this  force  immediately  restored  order, 
and  through  their  exertions  ten  of  the 
ringleaders  have  been  arrested  and  lodged 
in  prison. 

By  order  of  the  Poor  Law  .Com. 
mismoners  a  new  workhouse  w  to  be 
erected  at  I^eedi.  The  Commissioners 
have  sent  two  sets  of  plans  to  the  work. 
buu!(C  committee,  for  their  iusprctiuii ; 
they  nre  pre|>ared  by  a  London  architect, 
and  the  cost  is  estimated  to  be  from 
(>,0OU  to  G.  JOOl. 

Tlie  MUttary The   strength   of  the 

army  is  to  remain  at  the  san)c  reduced 
numbers  which  the  Ministry  of  last  year 
brought  it  down  to^viz. :  5914  hori^es, 
44!)7  officers,  MiQ  nun  commissioned  of- 
ficers, 70,36}  rank  and  file,  making  a  total 
of  81.271  men,  independent  of  the  four 
regiments  of  draguuus,  and  20  regiments 
ot  foot, amounting  to  19,720  men,  serving 
in  India,  and  at  the  ex|>enKe  of  the  land 
revenue  of  that  country.  The  total  sum 
required  is  b.Th^WJl  \%t.  Grf.,  being 
160,120/  ll«  II J.  less  than  kst  year. 
The  eflfective  force  at  home,  in  Great 
Britain,  on  the  Ist  of  February,  1835^ 
was  20.618:  >n  Ireland,  16,338  {^^XO 
less  than  kst  year) ;  colonies  and  foreign 
garrisons,  28,582;  in  India,  14.632. 

The  interior  of  Iker  Cburcli,  Dorset, 
is  now  undergoing  an  entire  restoration 
and  repair,  Irum  the  proi-eeds  of  a  muni- 
ficcut  bequest  of  400/.  frvui  tlic  Rev.  W. 


Williams,  ^  kl»  iimmbcat.  To  this 
act  of  on*  of  tb«  deigy,  n^  be  tMt^ 
another  on  the  part  of  the  Rer.  EdnaW 
Stuart,  rector  of  i/te^Akm,  who  has  boUt 
•n  aisle  to  his  church  for  the 
dation  of  his  parishioaer*,  at  en 
of  300/.  etatirely  at  bis  own  cfaafg;«k ' 


LONDON  AND  FTS  VICIS'ITY. 

^pril  30.  The  anniveritary  of  die 
Royal  Humane  Society  was  cricbrated 
this  dav.  Vice- Admiral  Sir  E.  C^odriai;- 
ton,  V.P.  in  the  chair,  supported  hf 
Capt.  Lord  Arthur  Lennox,  Mr.  Baroa 
Gumey.  Sir  C.  Colviile,  Sir  J.  Phillip. 

Srt,  CoL  Clitheroe,  B.  Hawes,  jnn.  ea^ 
.P.,  &c.  After  "  ProMperity  to  the 
Royal  Humane  Society,"  B.  Havres,  esq. 
the  Treasurer,  made  an  eloquent  appeal, 
and  congratulated  the  Society  on  its  pros- 
perity. Among  other  benefwcttons  an- 
nounced, were  I0(*0/.  bequeathed  by  & 
Hawes,  esq.  of  Worthing,  brother  of  Dr. 
Hawes,  the  founder  of  the  Society;  lOOKL 
from  the  President,  the  Duke  of  North- 
umberland, his  16th  donation  to  the  sane- 
amount;  500/.  from  Arthur  B.  Blakistoa, 
esq.,  one  of  the  present  (>Hnmittee,  to- 
wards the  New  Receiving-housein  Hjde- 
park,  and  100/.  from  Hon.  Mias  Hariey. 
>-The  gallant  Adminl  then  pnaented 
the  honorary  medallions  to  the  sevenl 
persons  who  were,  either  in  their  own 
person  or  through  their  representativrsi 
to  receive  them.  The  first  was  to  Lieut. 
Baker,  of  the  Coast  Guard  Service  at 
Uythe,  who  had  so  nobly  risked  his  life 
in  boarding  the  wreck  of  the  Kingston, 
and  saving  five  of  her  crew  and  the  cargo. 
The  second  tvas  to  a  young  man  named 
Cole,  who  was  represented  by  the  very 
boy  whose  life  he  saved.  The  thiid  was 
to  another  little  boy,  named  Felstead, 
who,  when  in  the  Lower  School  <tf 
Greenwich,  plunged  into  the  Thames  and 
saved  a  num.  The  fourth  to  David  Lit- 
ton, esq.,  of  Dublin,  who  risked  his  life 
to  save  that  of  a  drowning  wooian. 
The  fifth  to  Mrs  J.  Savory,  of  Bond- 
street,  who  plunged  into  the  sea  at  Little 
Hampton,  and  rescued  a  little  child.  The 
sixth  was  to  Lieut.  Keys,  K.N.,  who  had 
disabled  himself  fur  life  in  bis  humane 
exertions  to  save  the  lives  of  eleven  per- 
sons, which  he  accomplished.  The  "frt 
medallion  was  presentt:d  to  Lord  Arthui 
Lennox,  who,  when  on  his  passage  to 
Scotland  on  board  the  JamMVFiitt 
steamer,  nobly  plunged  into  tba  «aa3 
Scarborough  to  the  relief  c^  • 
man.  Honorary  medallio"* 
awarded  to  seven  other 
Towards  the  clow  a 


1835.3 


Dometlic  Occurrences.'— Pronioliong,  SrC- 


633 


l^lUnt  AdmirmI,  in  Bdverdng  to  the  un- 
certainty of  life  and  the  importance  of 
tbiv  Iijiititution,  vinouitced,  toat  no  later 
than  lB«)t  yeiir  the  Treuurrr  of  tlie  So> 
cietVt  Mr.  lUwco,  who  Mt  oppo4ite  tu 
faim,  who  WM  the  son  of  the  founder,  who 
had  been  |>crsevcrin(j[  in  his  hunmiie  exer- 
tions to  promote  the  McUuieot  the  So- 
ciety fur  hull  acentur)',  wus  himseH  saved 
from  bcinx  drowned  in  the  St.  Katbe- 
iiii«'s  Ducks. 


t  Afati  13.  This  morning  tbe  tide  in 
the  river  Tbaaies  ro»e  to  a  roo«t  extra- 
oniiiiary  heiKht,  uverflowin);  it*  biuik», 
luid  inuiidaTin^  tbe  streeui  and  quays. 
Wiipping  lligh-Htreet  uud  tli«  Tower 
Wburf  were  lor  tioine  time  under  water ; 
and  in  the  formi-r  place  tbe  dood  wax  so 
great,  that  a  wherry  could  be  navigated 
over  the  rood.  The  inundation  appeara 
to  have  done  con«>idenble  darna^^e  ulung- 
shore.  The  north  enttt  wind  which  had 
prevailed,  combined  with  the  bett\'y  ruins, 
caused  ibis  cxtnordinary  high  tide. 


May  15.  At  the  Central  Criminal 
Court,  Patrick  Carroll,  a  corporal  of 
Marines.  \vn£  found  guilty  of  tbe  murder 
of  Mrs.  Browning,  ot  the  Britannia  pub- 
lir-bouse  at  Wotiiwicht  on  the  27tb  of 
April.  He  committed  the  desperate  act 
by  repeated  stabs  of  bis  buyonct.  as  it  is 
suppoeed  in  a  lit  of  jealousy.  Tbe  jury, 
on  tbe  trial,  expresned  their  opinion  that 
it  w'u»  very  improper  to  allow  soldiers  to 
wmr  their  «idv<armti  when  off  duty.  He 
wa«  executed  on  tbe  IHtb. 


THEATRICAL   REGISTER. 

king's  theatrk. 

Atay  15,  A  new  o|>ern,  the  production 
of  Uonixrtti,  aud  originally  written  for 
the  Italian  opera  at  Paris,  was  brought 
forward,  and  met  with  complete  success. 
The  Queen,  aceompunied  with  a  large 
party,  honoured  tbe  pcrfortuunce  with  her 
presence. 


PROMOTIONS,   PREFERMENTS,  &c. 


Oazcttk  PaoMOTtoys. 

A|»HI  IS.    Ih.  H.  Hotluid  \a  (w  t'l>yiici«n  Ei- 
rt(«cirdia4iy  to  ilir  K'ut. 

Ati>«i  <H.  OQdt  fuol,  Li<ul.-Cut.  thr  Hon.  H.  K. 

fuiyncux,  to  l>v  I.Mtut.  Colonel. — fl7l(i  Foot.  LL- 

to\.   Tool.    Buabury,   tu   br    l,ieut.C*il.— I7i)«(. 

._»heJ  :    C«p*.    H, 'P«<i»,    lo    l*v    .Mnjor.— «uff, 

LBirvrt  Lieul.'Col.  J.  Campbell,  to  \M'tuma-\ttjct 

let  »t    Hrlcaa. 

Dr.  Autliooy  Gjpp»r,   of  Htidfrwifrr,  Bomrf- 

•  tO'npliiiure  «ilh  tlir  will  ol  Mary  SouUit>y, 

*  fiuirurd,  W.lu,  ta  ukv  (li«  tuibamc  ■mi 

»  arOM  of  iVollib^. 

'  fuoi:  Dt«>»t  M.jnf  It.  itibb  %o  he  Major. 

M.y  «.  It>|lit  IJoo.  Cliu.  (ixnc,  to  W  Haiua 
(ilr-i.elf,  of  Ulviirle,  CO.  luvrniptf. — Right  Hon. 
a.f  K.  Huatry  Vivi.m,  B^it.  tw  I*  Maalct^;»arr>l 
of  Uw  OrUoancr. 

R.Toiieo*,  W,  A.  Markiimno,  M.K.  W.  rigtf, 
M.P..  1.  G  SI..W  t^Arvtc.  G.  Palnxr.  ;un..  J. 
WfifM,  Ja*o6  MoA'tAai.^,  S.  Mill..  O.  F  Aoiu«, 
aa<l  li.Hi  Baliianl,  K«niti.r».  |o  be  Ihv  Cotom. 
•alioii  C4>iii«nintoatr«  lor  South  AutCralJa. 

MkY  >.     Utflil    Mn«.    riiauvtllr    l.<«C^«U    Emt\ 

|j,.u«iilr,  n,(:.B.  to  ba  Anitiutador  to  th«  Kiii| 
,|.|itr«l,  Robrrt  Mo«*cy  Bolfc.  E«q. 

I  S'><>fltO(.4J«»<'l»l. 

■»-\  r.  iii(lit  Uaii.  Kdward  John  Litllrton,  U> 
br  Uaroa  Hathertan,  o(  llathrrion,  ta,  Stalfuid. 
•  .nt(ht  Han.  r.trut  -«:<>n  ^4r  .li,i>q  hyiig,  lo  be 
BariMi  S((.fr«r  I,  oil  -th. 

'Jitt  V«ct.    Lirui   '  '  .impbcll,  lo  bt 

l.i'oi   r^l  —  iT!h   I  ho  Ppnoyruitll, 

■     "  I    W.  BoaterM:. 

'tttivdMrr,  lo  be 

^1  Mlillrry,  Br«r»Mijor  J.  W. 

ni'l  I  dt.-rol. 

J/sMtvn  retttmed  to  tcrxr  in  ParlUtment. 

»  — <.— •if  It,  a.  IX>aki«.  rr.»l. 

•4 


Prran^hlir,  Soutkcra  t}rvi>4ea. — M<Mit«|a  Edaik 

Nrvrtm'c  Parker,  Emj. 
Pu■lUl^4■.~-Kl(»l«  IIiHi.  Mir  H.  P«rnrll,  rr^i. 
Duii|t«rvnD. — Miili«p|  0'i/>iihliu,  l>.<).  re-«l, 
EdroburKli.— ^ir  Jtttio  Cantpli«l|,  Kul.  r*.*!. 
E.l(in  l>ui^li«  —A.  L.  Il.y.  B»q.  jaa..  ic-H. 
E»wx  [.'NurllO.— J<'Hii    Paynt   EUwps  Ea^. 
Haii.lir.jrr.n  lliir|lu. — Kiitvrl  fllmari.  E*<|.  r»-e|. 
I  >•«'*.— Luid  Uwltntby,  r*-al. 

I  "If.    AteK.   Wm.   rttubolni,   »r 

k  —  Kt.  Hon.  R.C.  Fcii|u«ea,  i*-ej, 

I  Him.  John  A.  Mtxray,  t»-tU 

.M*..-..      ..     11.  n.  S«  CI...*.  C.  P«>y».  »t-«I. 
MaiKaivtr,.— K«.  H.>ii.  Clia*.  P.  ThsoiMia,  ni-«l. 
NewBort— Witi.  H'li.  Uid,  Eaq.  rr-f». 
N«rthuml»prUnd  (honii). — Viar.  Hovick,  ra^l, 
Pnnrru.— RoArri  Mna**y  Ralfr,  R,q,  r*-«t. 
Poole — Ha«>.  <lito.  byna. 
S(aik>nl»liir*  (&>«iUi>.— Sir  P.  It.  Ooo^lrKka. 
Sabtlwtcli — Sit  E.   I  rnwbi>4|r,  «r-«l. 
Strouii  — Ki.  Hoo.  Ixird  iuDu  KumcII,  r«.«l. 
TaH«lf>a. — llctiry  l,aN>u(Jirr*,  Eaq.  f«-«t. 
Tafnn. — Liord  S^mrvur,  rc-el. 
YorkttaiM  (Wtn  Hidiia|[>.— VHc.  Morpeib,  r«>«li 


Ttei. 

II- 

t: 

I: 

ts-.,. 

Ilrr. 

B«r». 

Rr*. 

Her. 

Hn. 

P  — 

r 


EOCITSIAHTKAL    PoXTElUtluKTSL 

C.  Alctwk.  WiitUlbtlxm  Hi.  r-iU>"«  K.  Norf. 


In.  E.  H.  Coi,  I 
J.  n.  CrcflN.  II 

r  ' '   '  ' 


'/folk. 
v.nl  R.  : 
lianM. 

folk. 


I  V.  H.oti. 
".  (iloucrster. 

.  ,.,. u«ro»d. 

m  V.  tlMfE 

V.  i-a  CarmaitliFi). 

.rmaitJwo. 

■'     ■'     ■       n, ,   h.Ui..Eri.i,i    V.  Norfalk. 

W,  itiUoD,  >l«ilc«bury  K.  Sa«ff.v>i»_ 


654 


ProMofJMff,  Sic-^Birtk*  and  Mmrriajfet, 


CJuaeb 


■•*.  W.  T.  Lav.  Yeeviltoa  K.  SooierMt. 
k«T.  II.  C.  LiODg,  NetrtoQ  Floireaa  K.  Norfolk. 
Hrv.  H.  W.  Maduwk.  Kio|itiin  V.  ro.  Hereford. 
Rpv.  W.  P«lliii«.  D>'mchunh  K.  Keut. 
BcT.  T.  S-kes  INiltrniMrt  K.  Mviu 
Re».  A.  Templrinm.  Lot>ru  1».C.  SomeMrt. 
Hrv.  r.  Tliixnat,  LUulirllit  V.  ro.  CaiDaivwO. 
Rr».  W.  W<Urr,  Boub)  V.  r«.  Linrula. 
Rev.  W.  Wariar.  Weliord  V.  ro.  Nnrthamptoa. 
Rn.  W.  ».  Whitclorkr.  Foilou  R.  co.  York. 
Rev.  K.  Wilkios  Maddii-Bioii  V.C.  Wilu. 
Rrv.  W.J.  |>.  B.  Witlirr,  llrrrt.id  V.  IUdU. 
Rev.  T.  F.  Woodnun,  F«rlpy  CluinbciUyna   B. 

HatHf. 

Rev.  S.  W.  Yatet,  St.  Mary't  V.  Ke^dioK. 

IUt.  J.  II.  Fitliri,  chap,  to  the  lUf  I  of  Buiiiocioa. 

Rer.  Or.  D.  G.  Wail,  clup.  to  Lord  L«ocford. 


Civil  PREKtaMCNTS. 

Rev.  (ifflite  Atdidail.  B  U.  tu  M  Master  of 
Ein«auel  rollrtr,  dmbridge. 

Bev.  r.  F.  L*yut,  lo  he  Head  Matter  of  the 
Orammar-trhool  ot  Cliippini  Camptiea,  Uluac. 

Re*.  J.  WaihaitiiD.  to  he  Head  Matter  of  the 
Free  Gratnm«r-»clH>ol  of  Hippei  holme,  co.  York. 


BIRTHS. 

Uarrh  M.  In  iioulh  Audley-tt.  the  lloo.  Mr*. 
K.  JeiDliighaRi,  a  t«iii. 

April  I.     lo  B<yjiiston-><|.  l^y  Bariett  Le«>- 

nard,  a  tun. l(i.  At  TuMorh  rattle,  N.B.  the 

Hon.   Mn.  Uavid>oo,  a   <taii. i'l.  At  Norton 

Conyert,    Yurkthire,    Lady   Graham,  a   ton. 

115.  In  S^ckville  ttieet.  trie  wile  of  11.  Fox  Talbot, 

Mq.  uf  Larock  Abbey,  Willt,  a  dau. At  Strcat- 

ham,  the  wife  of   Lt.-CoU  Letlie,  a  too. In 

Harley-tt.  Cavendith-tq.  the  Couiite**  of  Kerry, 

•  Mn. M.    At   Tat>ley-houtc,   Cheshire,    tlie 

Right  lion.  Lady  de  Tabley,  a  tun  and  heir. 

SO.  The  MarchioneM  of  Uaalingt,  Baroneu  Grey 
dc  Ruchm,  a  daa. 

Lately.  At  Kamtgate,  tb«  lady  of  Sir  JanM 
Lake,  Bart,  a  too. 

May  tf.  In  Fortman-rq.  LadyBingham,  a  dau. 
At  Wcymuutli.  ihr  wife  of  Lieut.-Col.  Todd, 

•  dau. In    Kui>tell-t4|.   the    wile  of  Sajiuel 

Plait,  ctq.of  twiu»ont. ^.  AlBaruct  Common, 

Surrey,  me  lady  of  Sir  II.  Willutk,  a  dau.-  —4. 
In  Pall  Mall,  tiic  Hon.  Mr>.  Fiaucu  Bariug,  a  tun. 

At   MuiitaKue-house,   Purtinau-tq.   the  Hun. 

Mr«.  H.  .Montague,  a  ton. .s.  At  Old  Sodbury, 

CO.UIOUC.  the  wife  ofihe  Kev.T.J.  Blofeld.a  tlau. 

6.  At  the  Kcrtury,  Weldou,  the  Lady  Louita 

Finch  Hallon,  a  dau. ^Tne  wife  ol'  liie  Hen. 

Mr.  Craveo,  a  ton  and  heir. 7.  At  Tunbridge 

Wellt,  the  lady  of  Mojor  Burrowes  a  dau. 8. 

In  Harley-tt.  Lady  L4-W10,  a  ton. At  Wardour 

Cattle,  Willi,  the'  Kt.  Hon.  Lady  Dormer,  a  too. 

in.  lo  Upper (iro%veuur-ttrcet,  the  Iluu.  Mi*. 

Oeurge  Uawton  Uamer,  a  dau. 


MARRIAGES. 

April  9.  At  Cambridte,  tlie  Rev.  F.  Henson 
B.U.  rector  of  South  Kilviogton,  Yorkthire,  u> 
Mitt  Parry,  coutin  to  Dr.  Chafy,  Master  of  Sidney 

Sut*e\  Co'liece. !*  At  North  Uovcy,  Ocvuo,  the 

RcT.  S.  Whidden.of  LuUlrii;h  Kcrtury,  tu  Loui*a, 
*UUi  dau.  of  ihe  late  T.  Bntleu,  ch^.  of  Forest- 
hill,  Kent. 10.  At  Wiiitrhurch,  the  Rev.  Wm. 

Biikelt  Allen,  D.C.L.  R'ctorof  Winteibourne, 
Gloucetlrr*nire,  tu  Anne  Martha,  dau.  of  the  late 
J.  Hill,  esq.  of  Kinctrlere.  Hani*. 18.  At  Sop- 
ley,  Hauls,  EJw.  Lionel  Wolley,  esq.  1 1th  foot, 
to   Susanna   Sophia,   Uiiid    dau.    of  Licut.-Col. 

Rain. 10.  At  South  Boeey,  the  Rev.  W.G.  P. 

Smith,  to  Elis.  only  dau.  of  ine  Re*.  J.  Domett, 

Vicar   of   South   Bovey. «l.    At  Castletown 

Roche,  CO.  Cork,  Capt.  Warden  Flood,  list  Foot, 
to  Mary  Grove,  eld.  dau.  of  Lieut.-Gro.  the  Hon. 
A.  Grove  Annetley,  of  Ann's  Grove,  co.  Cork. 
tfl.  At  DonVwad  St..  ^41),  YIWvs  the  Ree. 


W.  Blcnncfhaaseu,  rector  of  Owrii^BiMWl,  •» 
Enuna  Sophia,  dau.  of  the  late  F.  H.  9«  Boa- 
lay,  rtq.   of  Waltlmmstow,  Esaex. At  Chb> 

briage.  Sir  S.  A.  Pcnlin^too,  Bart.  UJ>.  of  Vo- 
b«in  Villa.  Berks,  to  Mariamoe.  daa.  of  tte  taM 

C  pt.  J.    Urunmood,    K.N. ii.  At   Waiali. 

woith,  the  Rer.  H.  Moaelrj,  Piofrsaor  of  N«t«n| 
Philosophy  i..  King't  College,  to  Harnett.  d«a.  «f 

W.  Notiaee.etq. 1*.  At  Leed*.  J.  Vr.amiA, 

esq.  to  Caroline,  third  dau.  ot  £dw.  Baioes,  c*^ 

M.P. At  Swansea,  J.  W.  Br«c«,csq.Burutar. 

at-Law,  tu  Mary  Anne,  secood  dau.  ot  CoU  Ca- 
meron, ot   Dau.y-Graig. ttS.  At   St.  Mary'i^ 

Biyausloiie  >«|.  Chailet  Feoton  Wtailiaib  <a^ 
to   Isabella  Chailuue  Lady  Coosrerr,  vidow  of 

the  lale  Major  Geo.  Sir  W.  Congreve,  B«rt 

At  Ciillou,  the  Rev.  Ricn.  Jeokyns.  D.D.  Prcfc. 
of  Wells,  to  Troih.  only  child  of  the   late  Grey 

Jermyu  Grove,  etq.   ot    Pool   Halt,    Salop. 

At  Sallwood,  the  Rrv.  Bridgea   Mckstc,  to  Maiy 

Elis.  eldest  dau.  of  Archd.  Croft At  Tnouy 

Church,  Marylebuoe,  the  Rev.  B.  J.  Hamsoi^ 
Rector  of  Beaumont  cum-Moac,  Essex,  10  Eaur, 
second  dau.  of  R.  Hall,  e-q.  of  Portinod-ptacr. 

38.  At  Chiitl  Chuicb,  Marylehoue,  the  Bev. 

S.    Robiot,  to  Caroline  Gertrude,   dan.  of  tkc 

late  Mr.  aud  Lady  Camltae  Barhnm. At  St. 

Maiy-ic-Mraod,  Count  Ottavio  df  gU  Albixzi,  la 
M.>ry  Supbia,  dau.  ol  M.  Haywood,  esq.  Loodoa. 

\i  Cheltenham,  the  Kev.  £.  Wakrman,  bio. 

thei  to  Sir  Oflley  Wakemao,  Baru  to  Mts*  Lonna 
Tliompaoii,  tecund  dau.  t>f  Allan  ThompMM,  esq. 

.41  Su  Margaret'*,  Wesimia^ter,  Chaa.  Mu- 

lard,  esq.  of  Abingdou-atrcet,  to  Jane,  iiron< 
dau.  ol  Tho*.  Amyot,  etq.  of  Jannev street,  Back- 

lagham-gate. At  Maiadrop,  co.  Durliam,  J«ha 

Murray,  esq.uf  iUrlley-houte,  Coulsdeo.  Sorrfy, 
to   Frances   Wiluo;,  uaii.  of  Capu  F.  H.  Ccli% 

R.N. Its.  At  Ciiurrhill,  the   Rev.  Chaa.  Tyat* 

Siinmoot,  Rector  of  Shiphaiii,  to  Caioliae,  iftb 

dau.  of  tlie  late  W.  Perry,  eao..  ChurcliUI. Al 

St.  George's,  Hanover-tq.  Sir  Kobert  A.  Doagla^ 
Baru   tu   Martha- Ell*,   eldest    dau.    of    Joahna 

Rouse,  esq.  of  Southampton. At  St.  George'^ 

Hauover-sq.  col.  £dw.  Boscawea  FrrderKk,  «f 
Berkeiey-tq.  to  Caroline  Mowbray,  third  dan.  ot 

the  late  Geo.  Smith,  esq. Samuel  Bnggs,  esq. 

formerly  Consul  at  Alrsaudria.  aad  now  oILoa- 
dou,  tu  Camilla,  third  dau.of  Joho  Laukiag.  eta. 

of  Clare-house,  Kent. At  Stantoi>.hy-Bridg«[ 

Derby,  the  Hev.  ll.Stouhousc,  to  Bmily,  daa.of 

tl.c  late  Hev.  W.  Slurt. 30.  At  B.tn,  lite  Rev. 

Geo.  Cumining  Rashleigli,  u>  Maria,  second  daa. 
uf  the  late  Rev.  J.  Aruudell,  Rector  uf  Cheniaa 
Fitxpaine. 

May  1.  At  Chipping  Campden,  Glo■ccstc^ 
•line,  Cbas.  Welmau,  esq.  graudson  of  Sir  Gerald 
Noel,  Bait.  10  Aoucttc,  eldest  dau.  of  CoraelMS 

H.  Bolton,  esq. 4.  At  St.  Marfaret's,  Wast. 

tninster,  C  A.  Monck,  esq.  eldest  son  ot  Sir  C. 
Monck,  Baic  of  Beltay,  Northumberland,  la 
Laura,  second  dau.  ofSir  M.  W.  Ridlcv,  Bart. 
"  "     "The  Hon.  and  Rev.  T.  Cavendiah.  bie. 


M.P. 


tber  toLordWaterpark,  tu  Sophia  Robinson,  daa. 

of  the  late  Sir  John  Robioton. AtSt.  JamctV 

Geo.  Clivr,  esq.  ton  of  E.  B.  Clive,  esq.  M.P.  of 
Whitfield,  Herefordshire,  toAnneSybelU,  necood 

dau.  of  Sir  T.  Farquhar,   Bart s.  At  Efiaf. 

ham,  Surrey.    Uie  Rev.  P.  Wrench,    Hector  of 
Stowling,  Kent,  to  Eliza  Mary,   dan.  of  Cape  J 

Stringer,  of  Hill-lodge. 1.    At  WoodchoUb 

the  Rev.  J.  W.  Hatherrll,  Rector  of  EasuacMau 
to  Eliia,  eldett  dau.  of  the   Rev.  Dr.  WiUmih. 

At  Taunton,  Capt.  Geo.  Snow  Blundeo,  Bi» 

gal  Army,  10  Augusu  Catheriua,  Uau.  of  the  Ian 

J.    Kukardt,   esq.  of  Ailttone-hiU. At  OfCM 

Malvern,  A.  Monton,  ev].  turgeon,  R.  M.toMaik 
garet  Wallace,  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Col.  Bw^ 

Houttuuu. 7.  At    Honiogham,  the   Bcr.  W. 

Smith,  Vicar  of  East  TudJenham,  to  Marv  «MmI 

dau.   of  R.    Ciawthaw,  esq. At  St.  Qtwart. 

Haoovei-M).  Capt.  H.  Leigh  Thomaa,  !•  BmEiZ 
Boydell,  dau.  ol  H.  L.  Tbomas,  esq.  of  T  -'-^'— 
Vlace. 


I63i.] 


055 


OBITUARY. 


Tub  Emperor  of  ArerriiiA. 

March  3.  At  Viciinft,  o^ed  G7,  his 
Impentil  Alajesity  Fn»in;is  the  Stvond, 
EmfHTor  of  Austria,  Kin(f  of  Hnrigury, 
Bobecnia,  LAmbnrdy,  Hiid  Vfiiicc,  mid 
Pn-sideiil  of  tbe  (rcimun  Confederucion ; 
a  Knigbt  of  the  Gartrr. 

Francis- Joseph. ChurlcB  was  bom  Feb. 
12,  \7t3»,  tlie  son  mid  heir  of  the  Em- 
peror Leopold  1 1,  by  Donim  Alnriu 
Loui%«,  daughter  of  Charles  III.  Kirij; 
of  J>puiri.  He  \\u»  crovvnefi  KinK  of 
Hutij^ary,  at  Prcsbcurif,  Nov.  Ih,  1790. 
fljid  Biu-ceeded  )»i*»  fitther  a*  Eiripeior  of 
Germany  July?,  l?y:i.  Ho w«s crowned 
at  Frankfort  Jiilv  14,  1792,  the  very  duy 
oil  which  tbe  &a«tile  w»s  t<torined  at 
Paris,  [ii  Aii(f.  lt*J4^  when  Jorecri  to 
B('liriOH-)ed};e  NajKdeoii  Uuona]iHitc  a* 
the  EnifK-rorof  the  French,  he  a.tMimed 
the  title  of  Hereditary  Einperorof  Au*. 
tria ;  rt«id  two  years  after  he  resi(rned  the 
office  of  Emperor  of  Germany.  At  the 
Congress  of  Viennn  be  resumed  the  »«n)e, 
without  the  title,  at  President  of  the 
(lernmn  t  onfedemtion ;  and  he  wos  «ub- 
secpientLy  culled  Francis  the  Second,  in- 
stead of  Francis  the  First.  He  entered 
Pnn«  with  the  Emperor  of  Hu»m  uid 
Ktnff  of  PniMia  July  10,  1815. 

Tbe  Em]»eror  bad  four  wives.  He 
married  lir»t,  Jan.  6,  i7H8.  Elizabeth, 
daijffhtcr  of  Frederick  Duke  of  Wirtem- 
burp.  By  this  Princess,  who  died  in  1790, 
he  had  no  i»BUe.  His  second  wife,  to 
whom  he  wa*  united  Aug.  1+,  l7fH),  and 
who  became  Einpress  and  the  mother  of 
his  family,  was  Maria> Theresa,  daughter 
of  Ferdinand  IV.  King  of  Sicily.  By 
this  contort  be  bad  two  wns  and  five 
daughters  :  I.  Maria-Louira,  tbe  Empres.4 
of  Napoleon  Buona^wrte,  now  Grand 
Ducbesa  of  Partna;  2,  I-'erdinand,  who 
haa  tucreedcd  to  the  imperial  throne  ;  IL 
Leopoldina-Cntolina,  married  in  |NI7  to 
tbe  late  Dom  Pedro  of  Portuffal,  Em- 
peror of  ibe  BmziU,  and  died  in  18 — ; 
4>.  Maria  Clementina,  PrineeR*!  of  .Sa- 
lerno; 5.  C^irolina- Ferdinands,  murried 
in  1819  to  Prince  Frederick,  nephew  to 
tbe  King  of  Saxony;  K.  tbo  Archduke 
Francis- Charles- Joseph;  and?. the  Arcb- 
ducbesa  Maria. Anna- FraneiM^^. 

The  Empress  Maria  Theresa  having; 
deceased  April  I.'}.  IW)7,  Fnr  d 

tbitdlv  Jan.  9,  1H08,  Maria  ! 

trix-  jliiiJi'hfi^r  .it'  hiv    iinrlr     ]  .r 


r.:     •  I 

duu^'liUr  ut    iLu    iuiig  ot    liavoria,    uho 
•urvivcs  bim. 
The    Emperor  wm  pMaotally  modi 


revered  by  all  hi«  German  subjects,  enpe- 
ciully  tho«e  umonR  whom  be  pasised  tbe 
gn-ater  portion  of  his  time.  The  inha- 
liitunt»  ot  Vieniiii,  and  of  the  tieithbour- 
in^  woterin^'-pliu-o.  culKd  Baden,  had 
lon^  been  in  the  habit  of  niretin^'  hira  iw 
p>iblic.  where  he  olten  appeared  cjiiite 
unattended,  and  iilways  in  an  attire  whieb 
u-aa  remarkable  for  its  peculiar  liumeliness. 
He  WHS  seen  walkini;  alone  thruuKh  tbe-°^ 
htieets  of  Vieima.  or  with  the  Empresa 
or  cine  of  hi*  daovihters  under  his  arm,  in 
the  delightful  pronjriiadi's  of  Baden, 
always  wearing  a  plain  |»epper-and*salt'1 
coloured  coat,  with  wl-itedrub  pantaloons' 
and  long  HeH>i»in  boot^.  He  alwaya 
bowed  with  much  familiar  poed  humour 
to  all  who  made  him  a  salute,  and  ^topited 
iboite  with  whom  he  « ii*  actpiuinte^l  to 
have  a  chat  with  them  in  the  street.  He 
mixed,  in  fact,  with  his  people  on  the 
same  familiar  f(»uting  which  George  MI., 
through  his  long  reign,  adopted  at  Wind- 
sor. Hin  desfiotiBm  wa*  certainly  most 
mild,  and  his  |«ilicy  most  putenial.  The 
Emperor  wa«  the  sole  and  rial  director  of 
the  |H»licy  of  biet  cubineu  however  great 
the  celebrijy  ac^juired  hy  his  minister^ 
Metteriueb,  through  the  belie*,  especially  f 
in  foreign  parts  (hat  he  wai>  the  soul  of 
the  imperial  councils  Prince  Metter« 
nich's  vievvitand  principles  hiid  lung  prove^'i' 
in  unison  and  harmony  wtth  thoxe  ofH 
Francis,  and  hence  the  extensive  conti-1 
deuce  which  had  been  placed  in  him,  andt 
tbe  length  of  time  that  be  was  admitted 
to  Khare  power  with  bis  imperial  master. 

On  the  7th  March  bis  remains  were 
removed  to  tbe  church  of  the  ('apuchins, 
and  dejMjisired  in  the  Imperial  vault. 
The  hearse  was  preceded  by  the  Em- 
peror'f  Chamberlain  ;  the  ('aptain  of  tbe 
Guard  followed  :  then  came  the  Emperor 
and  Emprefs,  with  tbe  whole  Imperial 
Family,  and  the  Clergy  closed  tbe  pro- 
resiAion.  The  Court  and  Diplomatic 
lio<iy  bad  ill  the  mean  time  aiwembied  in  ' 
thechnr'  I'  ^^ervice  wh«  |»er(ormcd  * 
by  the    ' 

The  I      ,  t-is  l>eeri  survivril  a  very 

«hort    time   by    bis   youi  r    |b«] 

Ar<.-!iduke  Antony,  Grm  it  thi 

Teutonic    Order,    >  .W>tb 

year,  ntid  died  on  ti 


Pla<ie,  ' 
Hon.    I 
viile.  ul  '1 
StnUUm,  I 
Beoecdar 


1 1.      At 


656 


Obitcary, — Lord  de  Dutistanville. 


[Jmc 


• 


This  excellent  and  putriotic  nublemaa 
wasalincnil  male  descendant  of  the  Bas- 
sets of  Umbcrlegh  in  Devonshire,  whirh 
sprang  forth  at  a  very  vady  period  from 
the  wide-spreading  familyof  Basset,  which 
flourished  in  scverul  bniiichos  shortly 
after  the  Norman  conquest.  His  Lord- 
■hip  vs'os  the  elder  son  of  rrutiris  liasset, 
esq.  MP.  for  Pmryn,  by  Margnret, 
dnugbter  of  Sir  John  St.  Aubyn,  of 
ClowBiice  ill  Cuniwull,  Bart,  lie  was 
bom  at  Wolcot,  co.  Oxford,  Auf?.  9,  and 
baptized  at  (J  hurl  bury  Sept.  7,  1757. 

He  received  the  earlier  jiiirt  of  hi» 
education  at  Hiirrow;  but  ubout  the 
period  of  hi*;  father'ti  death  in  17(>9,  he 
was  removed  to  Eton,  where  he  retnained 
ubout  five  years.  At  the  age  of  seven- 
teen he  became  a  member  of  Kind's  col- 
lege, Cambridge,  where  he  afterward* 
received  the  degree  of  M.  A.  in  178l>. 
His  education  was  completed  by  the 
usual  tour  through  France  and  Ituly, 
accoDipanied  by  the  Rev.  Williaiu  Sandyn, 
who  was  the  son  of  B  former  stewurd  of 
the  family,  and  had  received  his  education 
for  the  expre<>!>  purpose  uf  hecuming 
tutor  to  Mr.  John  Prideuux  Bnsset,  the 
former  heir  (Lord  dc  Dunstanville's  cou- 
Bin-rermaii),  who  died  in  \1M  at  the  a^je 
of  sixteen. 

On  his  return  to  Enghind,  Mr.  Basset 
found  himself  in  possession  of  abilities, 
joitied  to  energy  of  mind;  of  a  lar^e 
estate,  aecompanied  by  (;reat  accunnulu. 
tioiis  from  ihe  minen  ;  and,  in  addition,  of 
a  local  ir.dueiic'e  ussuring  his  iJUtoduction 
to  Parliament.  7''hus  rircumsttinctM],  it 
989  natural  for  him  to  take  an  active 
share  iti  the  politien  uf  his  country. 

On  entering  the  Hnuiie  of  (xiinmons 
aa  Member  for  Penryn,  at  the  general 
election  of  17H0,  he  found  Lord  North 
first  Minister  uf  a  Tory  adininii«trution, 
engaged  in  war  wirh  America,  and  nith 
France,  S|>ain,  and  Hutlund.  He  eagerly 
joined  thut  party.  Hnd  »**>  Kubscqucntly 
Durried  with  it  iiitu  the  mo«t  iatul  mea- 
sure that  had  o<'curred  up  to  thnt  period, 
the  well  known  and  well  remembered  coa- 
lition. 

But  previously  to  this  lime,  an  event 
bad  taken  place  locally  connected  with 
Cornwall,  equally  houuuruble  to  him  who 
oondaated  a  large  body  of  Miners  to  the 
relief  of  Plymouth,  and  to  the  Miners 
themselves  who  vulunteered  their  *er*'inv*- 
In  the  latter  part  ot  August  HfW,  the  com- 
bined lleelaof  Fmnceand  Spain  nio-st  un. 
exp«ctediy  steered  into  Plymouth  Sound, 
■ad  anchored  nearer  to  the  tthore  than  the 
base  of  the  present  Breakwater.  After 
tke  splendid  successes  of  the  Seven  Years' 
War,  marine  fortifications  had  been  wbulJy 
neglectrd  as  uUer\y  tuwVca&t  and  ucrcr  to 


1  auMcs. 


be  wanted  in  future  timea.  A  «dL 
founded  alarm  spread  immediately  ttemij^ 
out  the  whole  country',  that  Pljnoaii 
was  incompetent  to  sustain  an  attack. 
when  instantly  the  Cornish 
worthy  of  the  repularion  long  enj- 
their  prcdecei:gorK,  rubbed  from  ^ 
tions,  and  offered  ihems^lvea  ^  — **~ 
teers  to  assist  in  defending  PI jrnioudi. al 
to  exert  their  skill  and  labour  in  parfiafc 
ing  the  works  ;  and  .Mr.  BsTwrt,  artiai 
as  bis  anceiitors  h.  '   '  ,  .  tainv» 

diately  phiced  him-  Tha« 

a  birge  and  ellicit.^..  .-^i,.-  vw■^,  m  iW 
course  of  a  few  days,  uddt^  tn  o«r  aioal 
important  western  nrMMinl.  On  tJa 
occasion  a  Baronetcy  h**  rortfrrrvd  in 
Air.  Basset,  by  patent  ditted  Nov.  ti 
1779;  a  gift  rendered  hunuurable  by  liw 
cause  for  which  it  wits  bestowed. 

On  the  di&»ululion  uf  PariiamesMt  ia 
1784',  Sir  Fraiici«  Baaaet  cxened  kitaasU 
to  the  utmost,  and  made  large  aacrtfcv* 
of  money  in  sup{K>rt  of  the  unpoeaUr 
coalition  ministry,  and  be  remmined  aisAi 
fuKt  with  that  defeated  party  till  thrsHwl* 
political  hemisphere  became  chained  is 
every  aspect,  by  the  breakiog  (««tfc  si 
the  French  Kevuliition. 

Most  of  those  in  the  dawn  of  fvsab 
poaseased  oi  ea^r  mindifi  and  librrai  ««- 
timeitts,  were  borne  «k>ng  by  th*  uarrM 
of  pu8!>iot»,  excited  by  nrw  sfstcM. 
promising  universal  huppiiMrss  wnh  tn. 
creased  wisdom  und  virtue;  bat  ^ 
Fntnris  Basset  had  the  advanti^cv  U 
sevcrul  years  pnased  in  arrive  ekpraew* 
with  the  world-  lie  had  learn;  ilau  tW 
human  faculties  are  unequMl  to  tin:  I 
tiun  of  systeiBS  a  friori,  but  iniHC 
to  follow  the  more  humble  coors*  «f 
uduptaiiun,  tentative  exjp^riroctic,  mnA  ia> 
diH-tion;  and.  conoumoK  in  opiasoo  w«k 
many  of  the  wisest,  'l'"  •" t  ..■«Timir«f. 
and  most  deeply  tin  -i  if 

of  the  Country,  thill  .>i«ir 

wa«  at  issue,  he  addiU  hi>» 
would  now  be  termed  iJw  t' 
s*»le. 

Distinguished  aa  be  was  hf  mv^imI 
qualities  and  attain  mental  by  tim  MMV 
quitv  of  his  fiimily.  by  the  ac4it«vrai«nts 
of  bis  NrH-estors,  and  by  frwTiilw,  S« 
Fninci*  Buasett  had  Jong  Iksra  drdi:Mli4 
in  public  opiaion  iis  a  pvTMjn  prvfvr  ta 
be  ]thiced  in  the  Hnuse  of  Pcrra;  wJ 
Hccoidiiigly,  un  iIk-  I7ih  of  Jmim*,  \nVK 
an  hereditary  sou  in  ParU«iii«iic  «w 
bestowed  upon  him,  hy  the  rule  of  \jmA 
de  Dunktantille,  so  culled  after  thei 
Barons  of  that  ttiimc,  wboar 
iDarried  to  bis  ancentor  Tkonm 
in  the  rejgn  of  Henry  the  Fir^. 

\  seeutid  creution  took  place  on  Ifc* 
7th  uf  November  in  th«  IwUowiiw  fsr 


M 


ia35.]       Sir  C.  Mill,  Bnrt.—lJ.-Gen.  Sir  W.  Coel^bttm,  Bart,  fifi7 

The  pntnMed  estiitc«  iif  tbr  fjtniily 
liavf  Hfvc»lvi-d  to  his  J<or«Uht|»'t>  ni-|ihe\v» 
Johu  Ba.s'el.  esq  son  oi  the  hiti-  Itc v.  .Inhii 
Ba&»eL,  Hector  uf  lllu(;nn  and  (..'titubonii'. 


of  Iluran  Bft««;rt,  of  Stnitton  in  ('om- 
(viill,  v^ith  n  spcriui  rcinnindcr  to  bis 
diiii^'littT  ii)  failure  of  male  issue. 

Lout  <]l'  I>iin!>tMuvillc  hasfrom  this  pc- 
riui)  ctinliirued  to  support  the  genuine  cbii- 
i-Hrtcr  of  a  dipnifii-H  EnsUvh  (.'critleman  ; 
dischjvrpinpt  his  parliumcntary  duties  in  the 
nuiuncr  hi*  deemed  most  usi-lul  to  the  in. 
lerests  of  hi*  country ;  executing  the 
oRice  of  a  inH|^>ttrate  to  the  benefit,  Hnd 
to  the  entire  witisfaction,  of  his  neigh- 
bourhood ;  setting  mi  example  most 
worthy  of  general  imitntion,  as  the  po«- 
fVfif^or  of  Bit  extensive  landed  e!«tate.  und 
uo  u  most  lilKTal  proprietor  of  mines. 
Kind  itud  benevolent  to  every  one,  es- 
teemed in  the  highest  degree  hy  his  i)ri- 
vutc  friends  «nd  relMtions,  and  eertuinly 
jiliieed  by  penetMl  KCclamatiou,  in  regard 
to  nil  these  quulities  und  iireuinstMnee<i 
taken  together,  nx  by  far  the  firRt  man  in 
the  county  which  he  law  benefited  and 
adorn<*d. 

Ijord  de  Dunstanville  was  ti  liWnd  pa- 
Iron  of  the  liue  art*;  and  prexented  bi« 
rounty  in  1811  with  an  edition  nf  Carew's 
Survey  of  Cornwall,  with  note*  by  Ton- 
kin.  printed  in  ito.  He  was  al*o  the 
author  of  Heverul  papers  in  Young's 
AuuiiIk  of  Agrirtdture. 

Ht»  Lordship  was  first  attacked  with 
paralyftia  laf^t  year  at  Exeter,  when  on 
his  road  to  London  to  attend  Parliament, 
and  since  that  period  ha«  reniHineil  in  a 
stale  of  great  weakness  and  debility. 

Hi*  Lordsbip'f  funeral  ntarted  from 
bi-<  lute  residence  at  Knightsbridge,  on  the 
I  Uh  Fell.  The  ca\«lcade  was  <m>  an  un- 
commonly oxtencive  wale  of  nombre 
grandeur,  consisting  of  outridera  and  tell 
piigeii  on  horseback,— «  hearse  and  two 
coucbea  and  fix,  and  attended  nut  of  town 
\ty  several  private  rartiagea.  It  jinweeded 
the  whole  of  the  dist mce  to  Tehidy,  22G 
inilea,  at  a  wiilking  phcc.  The  luidy  lj»y 
in  state  at  Tehidy  Iltdl,  for  one  d^ty  pre- 
vioufc  to  the  interment,  which  took  place 
at  Illogun  on  the  IliGth. 

Jt  lias  been  proposed  to  erect  a  mofiu- 
ment  to  this  deeply  lamentwl  nnhleinnn, 
on  Cam  Bre,  to  {M-rprtuate  the  luentory 
of  the  mn*>t  munificent  benefactor  ever 
known  in  Cornwall. 

Hi«   Ijordship  was  twice  married.  fir*t, 

on  the  Ifith  May.  17S0,  to  Fraiu'et-Suvin- 

ih,  daughter  and  cobeireoA  of  John  Ilip- 

taley    ("!oxe,   of  Stone    Easton,  ♦•o.  So- 

icr«'t.  esq.  by  whom  he  bad  hisonly  child, 

Kt.    iion.    Francen    now    Uarone«« 

K,of  Stratton,  born  in  I7hI.   Having 

a    Midowrr   on    the    liih    June, 

hi«  l^rd^bip  marned  *ocondly,  on 

13th   July.    I8:^4>    Harriet,    fourth 

[ihugbtcr  of  the  late  Sir  William  LrmoN, 

[9i4rt.     Hit  Ladvohip  ■•ur\i\ci^  him. 

Vtrsi.  .\l.^c.  Vol,  \U. 


Sir  Chabii.s  Mir.t^  Bart. 

Feb.  2.3.  In  Dover-Rtret't,  Pi<<cadiUy, 
aped  70,  Sir  Charles  Mill,  the  ttnlh 
Bjironet  (1619),  of  Uerry-house,  near 
March  wood,  ffatii."*. 

Thiv  titled  branch  of  an  antient 
Sussex  family  wiu  xeated  at  C^imois 
Court,  in  that  rounty,  when  it  vva«  first 
huiioored  with  the  dignity  of  Baronet  by 
the  founder  of  the  order.  King  Jaroea 
the  First.  Sir  John  the  first  Baronet 
was  M.P.  for  Southampton  in  that  and 
the  following  reigns  and  was  succeeded 
by  his  grandson,  the  >.on  of  Sir  John 
Mill,  Knight  Bannent.  The  second 
Baronet  married  a  Ainter  and  ruheiress  of 
the  la»t  Lord  Sandv  of  the  Vine,  the 
representation  of  \s(iieli  lady  di'wended 
to  the  Baronet  now  dec«»8sed,  but  must 
now  be  tracefl  among  »umc  remote  fe- 
male beira.  The  eldest  coheir  of  that 
dignity  i«  Davies  (rill»ert,  ewj.  the  late 
President  of  the  Royal  Society. 

Sir  Charles  was*  the  only  »on  of  the 
Her.  Sir  Charles  Mill,  LL.B.  the  fourth 
of  a  «i'ric<  of  hrolhi-ni  «hft  Jluc^•e^l^ivl■ly 
inherited  the  Baronetcy.  He  died  .Inly 
lU.  1792.  The  late  Baronet  wrved  the 
office  of  Sheriff  of  HamjiKhirc  in  leoi, 
being  then  resident  at  Alotlettfont.  He 
married  in  Jxn.  1800,  Selina,  eldest 
daughter  of  Sir  John  Mor«head,  the 
first  Baronet,  of  Trenant  Park,  co. 
Cornwall,  and  aunt  to  the  present  Sir 
Wiirwiek  Charles  Morshead,  Bart.  Lady 
Mill  (urvivcii  faim,  having  had  no 
i»ue ;  and  this  ancient  title  has  coruie- 
quently  become  extinct.  Hi*  csitHtet  ai« 
left  to  hia  nephew  the  Hev.  Air.  BarkcTt 
who  took  the  name  of  Mill 

Sir  Charles  Mill  waa  univctKilk  be- 
loved and  reti|H'cted  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  bin  residence,  having  becit 
through  life  a  kind  and  lita^rul  man,  par- 
ticularly to  hit  tenantry,  and  alwuya  • 
friend  to  civil  and  reiigioua  liberty. 


\yr.•^^\L^n.  Sia  W.  CwKittRN,  Baht. 

March  19.  Ak  bix  reaidence  in  Lann- 
dnwne  Crctcent,  Bath,  aged  fJ7,  Sir 
William  Cockbum.  the  fifth  Baronet,  of 
Cockbuni  and  Ilysluw,  co.  Berwick, 
(16^;,  a  Lieut.-General.  and  D.C.  L. 

He   was   the   utn    und    heir   of    (.^»l. 
Jnme»  Cockbum,  Quurtermuntcr-genrrwl. 
by    Letitiit    Little,  heire«is  of  the  am 
family  of  Ro«Mter  in  Ireland,  and  oi 
elder    line  of    Devereus.      Hii 
fiither     wb*    the    Ven.    WjUium 
butu,  D  D.  >\rrbduicon  oi  U>Mn 
K  V 


658 


Obitcart. — Sir  Ptltr  Parker,  Bart. 


[Jwt, 


I 


of  Dr.  James  Cockbum,  son  of  William 
Ckx-kburn,  M  I).  Physician  general  to 
tlte  forces  under  AlarlWou^h,  and  who 
was  ibe  sePoHcI  son  of  Sir  Williiiro  Ck)ck- 
biini,  ihe  tliird  BafOiiet. 

(;<)lond  Cofkburn.  the  f»lhcr  of  tbe 
subject  of  the  present  memuirt  en- 
jovc'd  tbe  pcrsoDMl  regBrd  of  tbe  iininortal 
WuHe,  by  why«*e  side  be  ioughr,  ami  was 
wiiunded  on  tbe  toemorMble  13th  Si'pt. 
1759. 

Born  in  a  camp,  and  a  soldier  from  tbe 
cradle,  (for  at  n  very  early  ugi.-  be  received, 
in  1778,  an  RnsiKii's  cuinini->siuii  in  tbe 
35tb  regt.)  Sir  VVilliura  Coekburn  umy 
be  truly  said  to  have  8er\'ed  bis  KJn^ 
and  C«>unrry  during  tbe  whole  of  it  bi(.'bly 
active  and  useful  life.  In  I79U,  the  Aly- 
sure  war  having  broke  out,  be  exc-liun^'ed 
into  the  73d  regiment,  then  in  India,  and 
served  tbe  whole  of  tbut  war  under  Gen. 
Sir  R.  Aber<  rouiliy  and  the  JMurrpiis 
Comnnlli?.  At  the  siege  of  SeringajMi- 
tain,  he  was  ordered  by  the  latter  to 
bupcrititcnd  a  branch  of  the  engineer 
department ;  and  in  conjequencc  formed 
a  plan  and  Kiirvey  of  several  miles  round 
tbut  city,  including  the  sevei'ul  militHi7 
operations  aiicndant  on  tbe  siege.  In 
1794  be  was  promoted  to  tbe  rank  of 
Major,  and  in  1798  to  that  of  (A^lonel. 
At  (be  peace  of  Amiens  he  returned  to 
England,  and  exrbuiiged  in  the  kh  foot. 

Ill  lb(>i  be  %«»•>  ap])ointcd  Inspecting 
Field  Officer  of  Volunteers  in  Ireknd ; 
in  1809  reeeived  the  brevet  wf  Colonel, 
and  in  IHll  wu<i  appointed  MujOr-Gcn. 
and  placed  on  the  stair  of  the  army  in 
tl»e  West  Indie?!.  In  iHl.'J  he  was  ap- 
pointed Inspecting  Field  Officer  of  the 
Severn  district;  tmd  in  182 1  he  attained 
the  rank  of  Lieutenant,  (central. 

Sir  Williiini  Cixkburn  was  united  in 
1791  to  Eliza  Anne  C'rcutzer,  heiress  to 
a  noble  family  of  iManbeim  in  Germany, 
representative  of  the  Jacobs  of  Bromley, 
and  descended  through  the  families  of 
Chandos,  Grey«  of  Wilton,  &c.  from  tbe 
royal  house  of  I'lajitngenet.  Sir  William 
had  two  childre!»,  Sir  William  Sarffield 
Iloftiler  Coekbuni,  the  nresent  liurunet, 
who  married  Anne.  elae»*r  dnughler  of 
the  Rev.  Thomas  Coke,  of  the  old  fa- 
mify  of  Ihe  L'oke**  of  Lowemoor,  in  tbe 
ro.  of  Hereford,  by  whom  he  lias  had  six 
rbildrcn  ;  and  Catharine  Harriett,  the  wife 
of  Edward  Cludde,  e»ij.  uf  Orleton  Hall, 
in  tbe  county  of  Salop. 

Sir  William  Ci»ckburn  married  2dty 
in  1831,  Alartha  Hrynoru  GeorgiuH  Jer- 
vi«,  widow  of  tbe  late  Osborne  Mark, 
bam,  es(].  She  as.'iimed  and  retains  ibc 
name  and  atm*'  of  .Icni*  only,  in  coin- 
pliunce    with    the    will   of    lur   p.-irernal 

5JvatHnclc,  John    £arl  of  S(.  \'incviit, 


The  Utter  years  of  Sir  William  CoA, 
burn's  exemplary  life  were  ssjicr-f  in  Bath, 
where  his  time  and  furtun<  ntti 

to  the  support  of  tbe  vari<  unA' 

tutiuns  of  that  city,  and    i  .■  dv 

poor  and  <*  the  alllirted  in  '  .  •■4 

estate."  He  was  one  of  ti:^  .  .  -  -j  p»i»- 
mote  and  carry  into  e£re<:t  the  ptaii  »u^- 
gefitcd  by  Lady  I»abkli4i  Kiiig  fur  Iticj 
Society  fur  the  relief  of  o«*4%'do>ial  if" 
tre!i!<,  which  has  become  the  }Hurnt  oCj 
similar  institutions  in  most  Ur]^e  towM 
of  tbe   United  Empire. 

The  character  ot  this   tn'K-  ■■■.), !,• 
excellent  man  t-annot  be  (■*  tkiR 

as  it  appeared  in  tbe  Bath   «  tj 

the  eloquent  pen  of  (he  lU-«.  KMrkardj 
Warner,  one  of  tbe  oldest  of  bi«  frieiaj*;! 
it  is  t^  elected  out  of  >  uaauic*  (o 

his  nnmerous  and  iui'.'  iw*, 

"His  character  v, ..-.,....  ^^  fe«tiur* 
which  are  rarely  asjsoriatrd  writb  eark 
other — a  high,  fervid,  iimt  rliiv,ilroas  cpi' 
rit,  with  that  teiideni'  ii<,  arxlour 

of  afrectioii.  and  .stc,t<  -aobmnil, 

which  are   almost  tl»<.  ^^rfa 

of  wumim,  and   ihoi  .  !  ar. 

live,  and  brilliant  proic-^..  -  haJ 

thrown  bim  much  into  t<  mu- 

bled,  and  varied  life,  yet  1 1 
heart,  the  kindness  of  intetiuoit, 
gleiiciii  of  purpose,  which   Mriuled 
bis  oiher  estimable  qualities,  were 
as  heltJoin  survive  tne  hR|u>y  period 
unsusjiecting  and  di'tr'  -■  • 
But  uliilc  to  biiu  ni:L 
out  irreverence,  the  I  ■ 
of  *  the  Good  Samaritan.'  . 
ite  without  guile;'  bis  cl. 
want  tbe  best  proof  uiid  si 
worlhiness,   a    lively    inuj 
working  by  love.'     .'•"   ' 
wi-re  illumined   and 
wniin,  bciiutitnl,  pn>l 
active  life  of  Sir  Wiilinoi 
cupiin]  in  promoting  the 
and  doing  g<:K>d  tu  his  filluk 
afforded    u  bright   example    of    *£a 
Pcrvict'to  bis  heiiveiily  !•'■'•  ' 
bi$  pl.K-id  death  hild out,  u^ 
a   reproof  to    the  plilii^-d 
lesson  to  the  mere  m< 
to  the  convinced  hik]  i 

Sir  Pftkh  Pakucr,  6a«t. 

^/ur^■A  17.     In   Loixlon,  ured  2a, 
Peter    Farker,   tbe    tbtrd    Baroavt, 
BasMngbourn,    £»ex,  (I7H3.)  a    Con* 
innnder  R.N. 

lU  wii-s  grcat-grandHin  o{  (be 
guished   Sir   Peit-r   l*axker,    A ' 
the   Fliy«,  nnd  rMml  ■<»«  «rf  ! 
I'iiil 

t.»t'V»t,.     V'u>.|>i.      VI       •   I-    .1,.      .. 


/.  Tapps.—Sir  A.  M.  Mackenzie. — Sir  H.  Johiuon, 


«hire,  Bnrt.  and  the  Hoti.  Cathnrinc 
BlttcktvcMM],  sister  to  the  present  Lord 
DitfTcnn  and  CItincboyc.  Hi«  fnthpr 
met  with  an  early  death,  being  mortally 
wounded  when  stormiiii;  the  Aineriean 
CAm\t,  at  Bellaire,  near  llaltitiiorc,  Aug. 
.%  J.SHi,at  the  sifje  of  twenty-nine. 

The  late  Baronet  ^va8  suddenly  nt- 
faeked  with  the  Krnall  pox  ;  and  his  case 
WHS  one  of  the  worst  ever  known  by  his 

[ihysidanA.  His  two  younRer  brothers 
laving  died  before  hinii  be  is  snereeded 
in  the  title  by  his  ntielc,  rtow  Sir  John- 
Edmund- Georjjr  Parker,  srcind  son  of 
Vice.  Adm,  (Jhristopher  Pnrkrr.  and 
A^l^;l^sra-R«^bn^J«-('htlrlortc,  daughter  of 
Adm.  the  Hon.  John  Bvrun. 


Sir  GfionoK  I.  Tai-ps,  BAtix. 

March  1.3,  At  Flinloii  Admiral, 
Hants,  aged  82,  Sir  Ucorge  Ivison 
Tripin,  Bart. 

He  was  the  son  and  heir  of  George 
Jani'*  Tapps,  of  Northrh'ireh  in  Hert- 
fordshire, esq.  by  Mis«  Jane  Ivinon  of 
Carlisle;  and  was  ^reat^d  a  Baronet, 
July  88,  I71H.  He  served  th«  office  of 
Sheriff  of  Hampshire  in  175)3. 

He  married  Jiiiy  2!».  1790,  Sarah, 
dniiKhter  of  Barrinpt<m  Bui^^dn.  esq.  (his 
sistvr  Jane  bcinp  on  the  same  dpy  mar- 
ried to  Gc'orjfo  Bupein,  esq.  of  Wij^roore- 
Rtrcet.)  By  thi^  hidy  he  has  left  isKuc 
Sir  George  William  Tapps,  who  has 
!>ii<"cceded  to  the  title.  He  was  (<»rmerly 
M.P.  for  Romney,  and  miirried  Sopt. 
««,  ISai,  t'lani,  plde«t  dnuRhter  of 
AugiHttis  Ktlioti  Fuller,  of  A<ihdown 
House  in  Sussex  esq. 

StR  A.  M.  MacKrv/rR,  Baar. 
.\tttrch  II,     At    Methven   castle,   the 
|«««t  of  his  son  in-law   Robert    Srnnbc^ 
|«q.  Bj;eJ  7l>,  Sir  Alexander  iMiiir  Mac- 
kenzie, of  Helvine,  Biirt.  for  many  years 
Vi<'e- Lieutenant  ol   Perthshire. 

He  was  the  eldest  son  of  George 
J  Muir,  esq.  of  Cassencairr,  by  Margaret, 
[ilad^^'liter  of  Alexander  Mackenzie,  esq. 
I  of  L'elvine.  He  assumed  the  anmame 
fof   Mackenzie,  upon   -  'le 

[•states  of  his  great-ut)'  :- 

Fife,  C9q.  of  Delvine,  ,u.„  ....,  .,v..;vJa 
{Baronet,  Nov,  9, 1905. 

He    married,   in    Sept.    I7B7,    Jane» 
I«lde4t  daughter  of  Sir  Robert    Alurray 
jibe    sixth    Buronet,    of    Clermont,    co. 
I  Fife,  and  sister  to  the  present   Rev.  Sir 
'William  Murray,  Barr.  and  bad  issue  one 
•on,  now  Sir  John  WiUiam  l'*'  vr,..L„M 
[■Jc,  bom  in   IHIKJ;    and  fr. 
1.    Suann,  married  to  Robert 
loif    Methven;    if.     tieoreiimn- Alaigaiet ; 
'9.  Ii«uni.Jennnia  I  4.  <  Cecilia- Mary  :  and 
5.  Eliuheth.jAne. 


Gkn.  Sifc.  H-  JoHKSON,  Bt.  G.C.B. 

Afatcft  18.  At  bis  house  in  Catharine 
Place,  Bath,  aged  87,  General  Sir  Henry 
Johnson,  Bart.  G.C.B.  Colonel  of  the 
5th  foot,  and  (Jovernor  of  Ross  enstle. 

Sir  Henry  was  bom  Jan.  1,  174^%  the 
younijer  son  of  Allen  Jnhimon.  esq.  of 
Dublin,  by  Olivia,  daughtt^r  of  John 
Walsh,  esq.  and  was  younger  bro- 
thcr  to  Sir  John  Johnson,  who  was 
created  a  Baronet  of  Ireland  in  1' 
and  took  the  mime  of  WaUb  in  ]f^9,  tl 
father  of  the  present  Sir  Edward  Johf 
Eon- Walsh,  of  liallykileavcn,  Queei 
eounty,  Bart. 

This  veteran  offieer  was  appointed  to 
nn  Ensinney  jji  the 28th  Foot  m  the  first 
year  of  King  George  the  Third,  Feb. 
1761 .  He  served  during  the  teven  years' 
war,  and  was  nppoinled  (n  a  Company  in 
the  same  regiment  in  17(53.  He  returned 
lo  England  in  1767. 

In  177o  he  embarked  at  Cork  for 
America,  and  kooii  after  his  arrivid  was 
appointed  by  Sir  W.  Howe  to  a  battalion 
of  lipht  infantry,  which  he  had  the  hunonr 
to  command  in  several  actions  until  se- 
verely wounded.  He  was  appointed 
Lipiit..  Colonel  of  the  17th  fwt  in  177H, 
and  rrmaiited  in  America  until  afler  the 
siege  of  York  town  and  Virj,'inla,  where, 
commanding  the  17th  foot,  he  was  taken 
prisoner,  and,  agreeably  to  the  capitula- 
tion that  followed,  returned  to  Etifjiand. 

He  received  the  brevet  of  <'<*loiiel. 
Dee.  25,  17W?;  that  of  Major- •ieneral, 
Dec.  20,  170.1;  and  was  apiMjiitted  i'olo* 
nel  of  the  81  rt  foot,  June  IH,  17!J«  In 
the  Uat-namcd  year  he  served  on  the 
staff  of  Ireland ;  and  being  ordere<l  to 
ihc  coBSit  of  Wexford,  commanded  at  the 
battle  of  New  Ross,  where  he  bad  two 
horses  shot  under  him.  and  which  victory 
was  generally  considered  to  liiive  eo;  iri- 
butcd  essenrially  to  ihcsu|i|ire«sion  ol  the 
rebellion.  He  received  the  rank  of  Lieut.- 
General  1799,  General  IHOH-,  and  was 
removed  from  tbc  Colonelcy  of  the  81  si 
to  that  of  the  5ih  foot  in  IHI9. 

He  was  created  a  Baron  "  "  f 
dated   Dec.    1,    18l« ;  wb«    t  :, 

K.(\B    in   IWJO.  anda  G.l.l  .  i  .    .    ^-. 

He  married.  Jan.  17,  I7*f,  Rebecca, 
daughter  of  David  F^rank*.  esq.  and 
•ister  to  John  P'rank*,  e*q.  ol  Isleworth ; 
and  by  her,  who  died  in  March  1H;;3  had 
issue  two  sons  :  1.  hit  successor,  Sir 
Henry  Allen  Johnson.  K.W.  who  wu 

A  1.1    ,^..  f.......  ,.,  tU^    fV,..,..  ..1°  ll,„>„yn   in 


tn  Portugal  in  IblH 


Aitbw 
oo  ifcr 


6(>0  Obituary. — Maj.-Gen.  J.  P.  Murray. — Gen.  Freettum.   [Jiim» 

tered  And  deprirrd  him  of  the  an*  «f  It* 
h^bt  ann,  hut  cvi-r  niter  itf?pwf«d  ki» 
genend  health.  His  galinnt  ooadMC 
on  this  occMion,  is  hunourmMr 
in  tin;  jmblic  de«i|wtcli  of  hir 
Welk-sley,  who,  ^hortJjr  after  ht 
ei-ived  tlic  <ibot,  caintt  up  to  blin 
field,  und.  taking  him   by  tb«* 

— *' Aliirray.    yuu    and    your 

lichuvrd  like  liooB;   I  sb«il  never  forgn 
yoti." 

On  the  25th  May.  180^  l' 
my  WBS  jironiott»<J  to  the  - 
Culuntrl ;  and  on  bis  rftui  •■ 
pmfiluyfd  in  the  Qiuirtrrti 
de|wrtment  in  Irt-lnrid.  / 
1810  be  wu  AnxiKtant  Adjut^it 
stiitionod  at  Aiblunf  In  I8l!l  be  tt- 
c-eived  the  brevet  of  Colonel,  and  la  ll9) 
tbut  of  Mujor* Genera). 

Hi»  death  wus  oc«-a^ione<l  by  •  (bM 
nugbt  in  h\n  humane  exertion*  Coaiw  cfce 
iiveft  of  two  young;  uflireni,  whp  wov 
drowned  in  the  lake  in  front  of  lii»  rni'' 
diriice  (see  p.  2'i\)).  I{«  ptjwtrtacd  an 
aeruiiiplisbod  and  a  benevolent  bcHM;  Illl4 
WHS  cburdL-tenzed  by  ibe  bigbcat 
integrity,  und  worth. 


Major- Gkn.  J.  P.   Muunxy,  C.B. 

nrc.  5.  At  KiHeneure,  near  Athlone, 
in  his  XiA  year.  Major- General  James 
Patrick  Mumty,  C.B. 

Thi«  gallant  officer  was  the  only  Ron  of 
General  the  Hon.  Jamet*  .Vlurmv,  (fifth 
Kon  of  Altxunrlcr  fourth  Lord  Eiibank.) 
distin(;ui»hcd  by  hi»  persevering  defence 
of  Mmori-a  tit  the  years  17Hl.S*2,  Jt  was 
at  that  period  that  the  subject  of  this 
notice  was  born,  on  the  2Ut  Jan.  M'&i, 
at  Lepborn,  to  whieh  city  his  mother  hnd 
retired  frotn  the  siege.  She  wub  Anne 
daughter  of  Abraltam  Whitbam,  esq.  tbe 
British  Con^uli-i^eneral  at  MHjurca. 

He  was  cdiu-nted  ut  \V'estminster 
acbool ;  and,  having  determined  to  follow 
hi*  fHther's  prdles-Mtni,  obtniued  an  Kn- 
digncy  in  the  -JrUh  rej^imeivt  in  17?)6,  and 
in  the  following;  year  vvus  pron)Oted  to  n 
Lieutenancy  in  tiie  same  corps.  In  May 
I75JB  he  was  np|Mniilerl  Aid-di'-ciiinp  to 
General  Don,  tvilh  whom  he  continued  in 
the  Isle  of  Wiglitonriljune  17'.W;  when 
be  jaint-d  bts  relation  and  i;«uirdiun  Lr.- 
Gen,  Sir  James  Polteiu-y,  imil  fervcd  a-n 
Aid-de-camp  to  thut  ofticer  dnring  the 
cain|ui)gn  in  Noith  Holland.  He  wan 
present  in  tbe  actions  of  tl  Aiiitiist,  10 
and  I8(h  S':'|»l.  ^d  and  Gth  Oct.  und  wiw  in 
one  of  tbem  siliithtly  wounded.  On  Dec. 
26,  1709,  he  was  (fnzetted  to  i%  ec»inj>any, 
by  purchase,  «"  the  i"h  foot.  He  next 
Hccompunied  Sir  .Inrnes  PiJtency  to  tiie 
Ferrol,  and  whs  intrusted,  by  Uifli  the 
General  and  the  Admiral  in  that  expedi- 
tion,  with  some  important  and  corifi. 
dentiat  transaction.^. 

At  the  i^enerul  election  of  1902  he 
was  retnrned  to  PuiUHnieiit  dk  one  of 
tbe  Members  lor  Yarmouth  in  the  I-ile 
of  Wi^bt ;  but  vacnttd  his  scut  in  the 
following  March.  At  the  pence  of 
Amiens  be  vims  pUced  on  half  piy  ;  and 
after  studying  tor  »otne  time  at  the  Koyal 
Military  Amdeniy.  was  re-ajipointed  to 
half  pay  iJi  the  OtJth  foot.  In  IWJS  be 
espoused  the  uiniahle  object  of  a  long 
attachment,  Elizabeth,  eldest  dnuKhter 
of  Edward  Ku-ihworth,  esq.  of  Fresh- 
water House,  liJe  of  Wight,  and  grand- 
daughter o(  tbe  late  Lord  Holmes,  by 
whom  he  bn«  left  twelve  children. 

In  Kel>.  ]Hi>t,  he  obtained  by  purclmsc, 
a  Majority  in  the  66tb,  witli  which  be 
wa.H  <<iaiioncd  in  several  pnrtaof  Ireland; 
and  Hiilii^cqueiitly  was  ap(Mjitited  to  tbe 
xtaffof  tliat  country  aa  As^iistant  Quar- 
tennaKter-gcneial  at  Limerick,  which 
aituation  be  relinquished  in  order  to  ac 
company  bis  regiment  on  foreign  sornce. 
Witn  the  aarae  regiment  be  aUn  served 
in  F'ortiigal;  where,  at  the  pa»s>age  of 
the  Douro.  he  received  a  severe  inuskrl- 
iroiind,  which   not  only  completely  sbat- 


iAH 


ii  t» 


Gkkkhal  FaKracAM. 

Dec.  I.  At  Livcrn<iu],  in  bia  flO^ 
year,  (reneral  Quin  John  i->oein«n. 

J'his  ulhcer  waft  appointed  Ennini  ia 
the  2kh  loot  in  l77o,  and  jotiirtl  iW 
corpis  in  Irehtrid.  Having  bet>ii  '■«tirr»*t4 
for  the  Kiigineer  dr|K'irt merit,  be  «r«»  In 
April  177(i.  rirdercd  to  Cuniida,  wbm  W 
Wat  appointed  Brigade  Major  to  Brijc  • 
Gen.  .S.  Frazer,  and  continueKil  in  ibat 
capacity  until  the  Gctienil  s  death  in 
1777.  In  that  year  be  wow  appuinied  to 
s  Lieutenancy  in  tbe  *4^'l'th  f>iu|-,  aitd  he 
served  in  Ameriru  a-'«  Aiil-dc-eanip  ta 
Major-tien.  de  Kieile^el,  v,\\o  beUl  tW 
commanrl  of  tbe  auxiliary  BruiiawkHc 
troops,  until  the  peace  of  17H3,  when  hm 
returned  home. 

In  1785  be  acted  »•  Aid^t'.caniii  (» 
Lu-Gen.  Sir  F.  Haldimund.  In  I7W 
he  was  promoted  to  a  (onipuny  ;  aiMl  in 
1787  embarked  with  hi<«  re^'imriit  for 
Canada,  and  served  with  it  until  17B9» 
when  be  was  appointed  Brigade.  Alqar 
to  Sir  Alured  Clarke,  then  srrritiir  an 
the  BlafT  in  Canada  ;  but  waa  rvcnlicd  to 
act  as  first  Aid-de-('-uinp  to  Lt.»Grw. 
R.  Cunningham,  ConintHtidrr-in^-bief  la 
Ireland,  with  whom  be  continurd  until 
179G.  In  October  of  that  year  he  wa» 
HpiNiintcd  Afsi»tiUit  Adjutant-frrueral, 
in  which  oAiee  he  continued  tiH  May  iU, 
\VM\  when  he  wa<«  up|Minted  Ilvpaty 
Barnu'kituoter.getieral  uf  the  furrca  tn 
Ireland,  winch  |»o«t  be  held  fur  •  givat 
length  of  tirnc.     He   was   fmMOtKca   hi 


I 


f 

I 


1835.]     OmTUAiiy.— C<yf.  Bastard,  R.N.—CapL  Bremer,  R.N, 


661 


L 


• 


the  milk  of  Liciit.-C'uloiiel  1795,  Lieut- 
(xiloiicl  of  the  {>3d  foul  l7'Jd,  nnd  of 
Hiili  foot  Sept.  folluwini;;  brevet  Colonel 
IhCil,  Major- General  1808,  Lieut. -Gen. 
1813,  unci  GenerHl  1K30. 

Cait.  Bastaru,  R.N. 

/fM.  II.  Ill  IJiiptr  Gro«ivtiior. street, 
in  his  48ch  ycur,  Jotiii  UuHturd,  Kxq.  ot 
Stiaruliarn,  CO.  Devon,  ('.Aptiiin  R.N.and 
lute  M.P.  (ur  I>artinoutb,  undaa  Airier- 
mail  uf  that  town. 

He  was  tbc  sfeond  non  of  Eilinund 
liastjird,  essq.  souu-timc  M.P.  for  Ihiri- 
inoutb,  by  Jane,,  duii^bter  and  lieires.s  of 
(.iiptHin  I'owruill,  UN.  of  S>iiir|>bniii : 
uH(i  brnther  to  Kdinund  Pullexleti  Has- 
turd,  esij.  formerly  M  P,  for  Devonshire, 
HA  was  ibcir  niirle  Jobu  Poilexfen  Bast^ 
ard,  e«q.  Iroiii  l7Hl  until  hi«  deuth  in 
lHir».  Copt.  Bastard  inherited  tbe  Pow- 
nall  estates  at  Stuirpinim. 

He  WH.S  miide  a  Lieiitenuiit  April  H, 
IRM,  Mod  |>romoled  to  the  rank  ot  Com. 
iniuider,  Aluyiii,  iHtKJ.  When  command- 
ing the  llnttleNnuke  sloop  of  war.  on 
tbe  East  India  gtaUoiii  be  chilled  lit 
Bellone  privateer  into  the  baiid»  of  (JMpt. 
U  Pliini))Un,  by  whom  nhe  was  captured 
July  1),  in  the  Minic  ycur. 

His  po!<tcommi&4ion  iKire  date  Oct.  12, 
1H07 ;  and  during  tbe  luat  war  with 
Amniea  he  roinmnnded  the  Africii  64, 
bearjitt;  the  tlii^;  o(  Niee-Adm.  Sawyer, 
on  tbe  Hiilifax  station. 

On  the  death  of  hin  uncle  in  18Itt,  and 
the  *ucce«»ion  of  hi*  brother  to  the  re- 
fire>entation  of  the  ronnty,  Ca|itain  Bas- 
tard wa»  retunied  for  Dartmutith,  which 
he  continued  to  repre«ent  until  itR  partiul 
ditifrsnchisetnent  in  1832. 

He  ainrried  Oct.  7,  1817,  Frances, 
eldest  daughter  and  coheiress  of  Benja- 
min Wade,  of  New  Grange,  Vork- 
shire,  esq. 


1 


Caft.  Brjcmhk,  H.N. 

Jan,  G.  At  CbeUea,  a^ed  08,  Jaine* 
Bremer,  esq.  Commander  H.N. 

He  was  the  son  of  Capt.  James  Bre- 
mer, R.N.  whose  services  are  briefly 
noticed  in  CLamock'»  Biograpliia  Nava- 
Uk,  by  JMarinnnc,  lister  of  Lieut.  Ihuiiel 
Gernier,  who  peri.%bed  ill  the  wreck  of 
the  Hamiliies  7  k  in  1700.  He  waslwrn 
at  Southampton  Jan.  15^  17(19.  and  at 
•ix  years  of  age  Went  a  voyage  with  bis 
fiitbrr  to  Newfoundland.  In  July  1778 
be  embarked  as  a  midshipinan  in  the 
Vigilant  6i,  in  which  be  witnessed  in  tbe 
Mtnie  month  tbe  action  between  Keppel 
and  d'Orvilliers  and  liio»#  between 
B)Ton  and  d'KHraiiig,  and  lUidney  and 
dc  Guicben,  in  ihe  two  succeeding  ycar». 
On    one    of    fbesc    occafiiuiii    be    was 


wounded.  ITie  Vigibnt  was  paid  off 
at  CImtham.  Sept.  3,  17)<l. 

in  tbe  following  April  be  joined  the 
Crocodile- ■'il',  in  wlticb  he  wns  blown  up 
and  severely  bunit,  in  an  action  witli  n. 
Dutch  privateer  of  ',f2  guns.  In  Aiiguiitt 
he  removed  with  his  C^iptnin,  A.  Bertie, 
into  the  Recovery,  which  acionipanied 
Lord  Howe  to  tbe  hiege  of  <iibrHltHr. 

In  ntvl  be  WHS  diwbar^cd  IriHn  the 
Proselyte  liH,  at  (JticlH;c,  in  tbc  Boreas 
'iS,  cumtnundcd  by  NcImxi,  tor  a  (Nissnge 
to  the  Leeward  Islands;  where  be  served 
jiiiiu-ipfiliy  with  tbc  Bcrbicc  schooner, 
and  rcdirned  borne  with  the  Adamant 
50  ill  n»G.  In  1787  he  again  proceeded 
to  the  same  station  in  tbe  Sybil  28,  and 
remained  for  three  years. 

In  I7»j0  be  attained  the  romraission  of 
Lieutenant,  and  he  afterwards  served  in 
the  Cbilders  sloop.  Prince  98,  Ruby 
(yit.  Vindictive  28,  and  as  first  of  the 
Director  64.  He  was  subsequently  Ap- 
pointed the  superintendent  uf  a  si^Miul  sta- 
tion on  the  coast  of  Suffolk — to  the  com- 
mand of  tbe  Constant  ^n-brif7 — to  tbe 
sea-fencible  6er\ace  at  Looe  in  Cornwall, 
— to  tbe  command  of  the  Chance  cutter, 
on  tbe  I'ort.tuioutb  station — to  timt  of  tbc 
Suffolk  pri»on-sbip  in  Purcbcbter  I.^e, 
—to  lie  actin^^  agent  of  tnuihports  in  tbe 
expedition  againsit  Guadalnupe,  to  serve 
as  supernumerary  Litutennnt  of  several 
ships  on  the  Leeward  Inlands'  station, 
where  be  remained  until  prumuted  to  the 
xank  of  Commander  in  1811,-  and  lastly 
to  be  princi|ml  agent  for  priiwncrs  of 
vnr,  &c.  at  Jaraaitta,  from  whence  ha 
returned  home  in  Sept.  I  Hi  5. 

Captain  Bremer  married  Catharine- 
Sauioarez,  daui;bter  of  Mr.  Thomas 
Mountiiteven,  of  Windsor  bouse,  Bod- 
min, liis  eldest  son  is  an  oflirvr  in  tbc 
5.*M  foot. 

[A  more  particular  memoir  will  be 
found  in  Marsball't  Hoyiil  Naval  Biogm- 
pby,  vol.  IV.  pan  i.  p.  D  ] 


PniKCi:  HoARC.  Esq.  F.S.A. 

Dec.  2i.  At  bis  residence  at  Brighton, 
aged  80,  Prinw  Hoore,  cwi.  .Secretary 
to  the  Hoyal  Academy,  i>.S.A.  and 
AI.R.S.L. 

Tina  luxteful  and  elepmt  writer,  arul 
am'uible  nmn,  was  tbe  son  of  Mr.  William 
Hoare,  a  painter,  and  our  of 
ginal  membeni  of  the  Ilovil  Ar 
•od  was  bom  at  Bi" 
bcgui  hi«  riiiccr  u>  . 
inatnterions  i>t  bi«  i.i: 
don  at  llie  n^e  <<i 
at  tbe  Hoyal  A^ 
i-oiitiiiiM'd  in«  ;>> 
vi!«itin^'  Homo  v- 
under  Mciigs,  and  uau  rn' 


I 
I 

I 


OBrruAftT.— iVtnoe  l/0«rr,  E»f,F£.jt. 


66» 


eote  unoafr  hi*  companions.  On  return- 
ing in  1780,  to  England,  he  devoted  hiin- 
Umself  for  awhile  to  the  practice  of  hit 
profesmon  in  London;  fwt  ill.health 
ronpelled  him  to  relinquish  the  arts,  and 
for  the  recovery  of  his  strength  he  took 
a  voTige  to  Lisbon. 

Oin  bis  return,  he  directed  his  attention 
to  dramatic  composition,  and  with  such 
aocress,  especially  in  small  afterpieces, 
that  many  of  them  still  retain  their  ori. 
ginal  popukrity.  His  first  production 
was  a  tragedy,  entitled,  "  Such  Things 
Were,"  formM  on  tbc  history  of  Kirk's 
mielty  in  the  reign  of  James  IL  and 
fint  actod  at  Bath  on  the  id  Jan.  17t^ 
while  Mr.  Iloare  was  absent  at  Liver, 
pool. 

On  the  i6th  of  April,  in  the  same  year, 
his  pleasant  and  popular  comic  opera  of 
**No  Song  no  Supper"  was  first  acted 
at  L>rury  Lane. 

On  the  3d  of  May,  1791,  was  produced, 
at  the  some  theatre,  his  musical  entertain, 
ment  railed  "The  Cave  of  Trophonius ;• 
and  on  the  i'M  of  May,  \7V2,  at  the 
flaymarkot,  his  "  Dido,  Queen  of  Car. 
thage,"  tranKlated  from  MrtostaKio,  which, 
though  aided  by  the  performance  of  Ma. 
dame  Mara  in  the  principal  character,  by 
the  mu>ic  of  Storare,  and  by  splendid 
•oenery,  met  with  but  a  cold  reception. 
It    was,    however,    his   first    published 


C^-e. 


On  the  llth  March,  179(3,  his  farce  of 
«*  The  Prize,  or  8,  5,  3.  8,"  was  first 
acted  at  the  llaymarket,  for  Signura 
Storace ;  it  n-as  very  successful,  and  be- 
came a  stock  piece.  On  the  ICth  Dec. 
in  the  same  year,  he  again  complimented 
Signora  Storare,  on  a  similar  occasion, 
with  the  first  performance  of  his  farce  of 
**My  Grandmother,"  which  was  also 
fiivourably  received.  In  1793  he  pro- 
duced a  musical  comedy,  entitled  ''  The 
Three  and  tbc  Deuce,"  aifterwards  printed 
in  iH(H). 

His  next  pniduction  was  *'  Lock  and 
Key,"  a  musical  farce,  first  acted  at 
Covent  Ganlen,  Feb^  2,  1 79G,  with  great 
applause  ;  and  this  was  followed,  on  the 
aUth  of  April,  by  bis  "  Mahmoud,"  a  mu- 
sical opera,  pcrturmed  at  Drury  Lane. 
At  the  some  theatre,  two  days  after,  his 
first  dramatic  pniduction  was  again 
brought  forward,  for  the  benefit  of  Mrs. 
Siddons  under  the  title  of  "Julia,  or 
Such  Things  Were,"  and  it  was  then 
published. 

On  the  85th  April,  1797,  another 
opera  from  his  pen,  a^led  "  The  Italian 
Villagers,"  was  produced  at  (>)vent  Gar- 
den, and  in  the  same  y«>ar  he  wrote  a 
musical  entertainment  odlcd  "  A  Friend 
in  Need." 


In  1799  he  produced -efeoinedycBtitfed 
**  Sighs,  or  the  Daughter,"  from  the 
German  of  Kotzebue;  and  **the  Gaptive 
ot  Spilabnrg,**  a  oiusical  entertaionient 
altered  from  the  French  •*  Le  Sooter- 
rain."  His  subsequent  drunattc  works 
were  "  Children ;  or.  Give  them  their 
way,"  a  comic  drama,  and  *'  IndiwretioB," 
a  comedy.  1800;  •*  Chain*  of  the  Heart, 
or  the  Sinve  by  choice,"  an  opera,  I80S; 
•*Tbe  Psragnph,"  a  miiKical  entertain- 
ment,  iHl4;  *'  Partners,**  a  comedy, 
1H03;  ''Something  to  do,*  a  comedy, 
1803. 

In  consequence  of  being  ^pointed,  in 
1799,  to  the  honorary  post  of  ForeigB 
Secretary  to  the  Royal  Academy,  be 
published  in  4to,  180]?.  ^  Eztnwts  from 
a  (.>)rrespoHdence  with  the  Academies  of 
Vienna  and  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  eal- 
tivRtion  of  Painting,  Scul}fture,  and 
Architecture,"  a  work  afterwards  conti. 
nued  at  intervals,  under  the  titleof  **  Aca- 
demic Annals."  In  1806  be  published 
**  An  Inquiry  into  the  requisite  Cultit-a- 
tion  and  Present  Stale  of  the  Arts  of 
Design  in  England."  In  1H09-I0,  be 
edited,  in  two  volumes,  4to,  **  Tbe  Ar- 
tist," a  (^olU^ion  of  Essaya,  writtea 
chiefly  by  professional  persona,  and  to 
which  he  contributed  seveial  papers.  In 
1813  he  published  «•  The  Epochs  of  the 
Fine  Arts,  containing  historical  obaerni. 
tions  on  the  use  and  progress  of  Painting 
and  Sculpture." 

Besides  these  various  works  he  wa$ 
also  the  author  of  a  poem  entitled  '■'  Love's 
Victims ;"  and  of  a  "  Life  of  Granville 
Shar]),"  characterixed  by  a  delicate  per- 
ception of  christian  excellence,  as  well  as 
a  just  taste. 

His  last  production  was  an  Esisayoo 
the  moral  power  of  Shakspeare's  Dramas, 
read  before  the  Royal  Society  of  Liten. 
ture,  and  printed  in  their  Transactions. 
With  this  elegant  and  thoughtful  paper 
he  closed  his  literary  career,  establishing, 
by  arguments  and  iacts,  the  indiapcnaabie 
union  of  moral  truths  with  dramatic  and 
all  literary  excellence. 

The  intellectual  endowments  of  Mr. 
Hoare  did  not  surpass  his  benevolence, 
integrity,  and  sincerity;  the  mildness  of 
his  mannera  and  kindness  of  his  heux, 
won  him  the  respect  and  aflfection  of  the 
refined  and  enlightened  circle  who  ea. 
joyed  the  advanntge  of  bis  friendship.  He 
left  his  library  to  the  Royal  Soaety  of 
Literatur<>. 

A  iiurtrnit  of  Mr.  Iloare,  by  North, 
cote,  is  published  in  the  European  M^a. 
zine  for  Feb.  1 798,  and  another,  drawa 
by  Mr.  George  Dance  in  that  year,  wai 
published  in  1814  in  DanieU's  Engnvii^ 
of  Dunce's  I'oitmits. 


—Thomas  Park, 


¥ 


Thomas  Park,  E^q. 

JVoD.  26.  At  Church-row.  Hamp- 
utettd,  where  he  had  r«>iili'd  for  many 
years,  agi'd  73,  ThoniHS  Park,  Esq.  for- 
nierJy  F.S.A.  a  poet  and  well-known 
edilur  of  early  literature. 

Mr.  Park  wmj>  broui^ht  up  to  the  ut 
of  engraving,  iik  wliic-t  there  nre  some 
crcdiluble  examples  ot  hh  ubilities,  in 
the  menzutinto  styk';,  p&rlicuturly  portraits 
tii  Dr.  John  Thuroiis,  Bihlmpof  Ro«'bes- 
ler,  of  the  Hon.  ilrs.  Uutson,  Mrs. 
Jordun  in  the  eliiinu-ter  of  tlie  Cotiiic 
I^ii^ie,  and  a  AlMgdulen  after  Gan- 
dulli.  IIJB  lirst  publication  was  a  vo- 
lume of  '*  Sonnets  and  other  smail 
Poem$,"  priitied  in  8vo,  1797,  taoiiy  of 
which  are  of  con^tdemhle  merit  In  lbt03 
be  edited,  ^isih  additions.  tUe  curious  ro> 
lume  entitled  Nuf^kc  Aiitiquic,  I'foai  the 
Ijupers  ut  Sir  Johti  liuriiigton,  of  KcU- 
toii,  near  liath,  in  two  vols.  Svo ;  and  in 
the  same  year  be  was  elected  a  Fellow  of 
the  Sueteiy  of  Aiitjaiiaries 

In  !801  Le  wrote  Poetical  Illustrations 
to  Cupid  turned  Volunteer,  printed  iu 
quarto. 

Jn  laOC  he  wa«  employed  by  Mr.  J. 
Scott,  the  bookseller,  to  edit  Walpole's 
Ciitiiiogue  of  Koynl  and  Noble  Authors, 
wliicb  he  considerably  enl»r>;ed,  adding 
cpceiiuens  of  the  authors'  writings.  It 
in  a  creditable  work;  though  not  ao 
ronijitete  u<  it  mij^ht  have  been  ninde, 
liud  the  editor  been  allowed  more  time,  or 
bud  he  made  previoiiK  collections  for  the 
undertaking.  The  lirst  edition  uf  theCa- 
tuliigue  wax  printed  at  Mr.  \Vai|H>lc'>s  prejs, 
1767,  2  voIk.  «(n!tll  8vo.  fur  ilie  uuthor'n 
fiiends ;  and  in  the  year  following  ano. 
tber  edition  wa»  preptired  ior  the  public 
by  Dodiley  for  b#.  These  notices  were 
confined  to  KugUnd,  and  extended  to  only 
lOprinceti  and  N(  peerf.  JkJr.  P;uk  in- 
cluded .Vici//<j;i(/ and  /rctand  i  and  swelled 
the  work  to  live  large  octavusv  which 
were  embellished  with  I JO  Dortniits  and 
•old  for  fteveo  guineas.  The  Ii»t  waa 
nufiineiited  to  17  royal  and  ^%)  noble  au- 
lboi>  in  En(;land ;  white  the  Scottish 
included  ui  both  fankii  nearly  M,  Mud  the 
liiib  abntit  the  »anie  iiunifKr.  i^ic  pro. 
|H)'<ed  Iu  add  a  continuation  to  a  more 
recent  period  ;  but  this  was  not  ucconi- 
plirhed. 

From  the  year  1806  to  18ia  Mr.  Park 
was  enk^ed  io  superintending  the  reprint 
uf  the  flurleion  Miscellany,  in  ten 
irolume.o  quarto.     In    I8IJ  f     '  '    ■-■ 

three  volumes  yvo,  the  «e»'iji 
littson's   collection  ul     En 
He    was   y    ttudjulof   (it     - 
Bryd^e*  aj;<l  the  Ih'j  Air  ! 

e  Centura  ]<i(> 
liter,   land  olhn 


and  he  edited  for  Messni.  Lonf^man, 
"  ileliconia.  conM«tin||r  of  Poetry  of  the 
Elizabethan    Age,"  in  three  vols,  quarto. 

Mr.  Park  possessed  a  library  of  Old 
English  Poet^.  of  the  highest  value  and 
curiosity,  which  he  subsequently  parted 
with  :  but  not  l>eforc  he  bad  made  him- 
self critically  acquainted  with  its  con- 
tents, lie  had  once  intended  to  edit  and 
continue  U'arton's  Hititory  of  English 
Poetry;  and  in  the  hut  edition  of  that 
work,  uiuny  of  Mr.  Park's  notes  are  in- 
scrted.  lie  contributed  several  of  the 
poetical  articles  to  the  "  Progresses  of 
Queen  F^lizHbctb,"  published  by  bis 
frund   Mr.  Nichols. 

In  1H18  Mr.  Park  published  a  vo- 
lume  of  miscellaiiies,  which  he  entitled, 
in  ul]ue>ioii  to  bis  previous  publicatinti 
already  noticed,  "  Nuga>  Modenue.  MurQ> 
ing  Thoughts,  and  .Midnight  Mumd^: 
conatstiiig  of  Cusuul  Ketlectiona,  Ego> 
tisnu.  &c.  in  Prose  and  Verse.  By 
Thomas  Park.  Depo.sttary  of  nn  Auxilu 
ary  llible  Society,  f  reasurer  of  the  Sun- 
day and  Nuiionul  Schools,  Secretary  to  a 
Benevolent  Institution,  Manager  of  ■ 
llaiik  of  Savings,  and  one  of  the  Guar- 
dians of  the  Poor  in  the  Parish  of 
Hamp!>tcad."  In  theychastely  humourous 
but  unauuuijng  intro<luctiun  to  this  vo. 
lume  (which  will  be  found  quoted  in  the 
Gentleiuun's  Magazine  for  Oct.  iHib,) 
be  states,  that  tocM  several  Hocal  ap- 
pointmenis '  had  been  "  rather  silently 
acquiesced  in  than  sought  by  hiinselt ; 
they  have  resulted  from  the  goodwill  and 
kind  favour  of  neighbour*  and  friond<i ; 
and  I  do  not  say  1  am  proud  (because 
pride  under  any  modification  i^  blameful) 
but  I  am  feiifiibly  gratified,  by  being 
thought  capable  of  uiefuiness  ui  my 
declining  lite,  among  the  residents  of  that 
viSljtge  where  I  have  taken  up  my  abode. 
It  is  my  desirf'to  bear  these  honours* 
(for  such  1  consider  them  |  •  meekly,'  fiiU 
nlling  the  duties  connected  with  them 
Uthfully;  and  I  indulge  a  coiiscientiotia 
persuasion,  that  such  duties  and  such 
honours  are 

More  t>cfiltiiig  to  a  head  grown  grey 

And  heart  much  tmveird  iu  afliiction's 

way, 
Than  cxciAt  chanicti-rt  of  P.  >..  A  " 

Mr.   Park  hail 
retired   from    hi' 
and   had   w 
foil  of  the   :■ 


tfvefjpan; 


OvJTVAmr.-^Rrr.  Sdmmrd  irvhtg^ 


CaM, 


^ 


e^es  of  Ewif  RiMK.  pnKcd  in  tSM; 
in  leas  •^Scbdaf  V««et  lor  Mnow 
times  kad  for  aO  limes ;"  md  sooe  canb 
of  **  Cbnstiaa  Ilm«iibraiM«,  or  pbta 
doe  to  the  Goipel  of  Praee.** 

Mr.  Park  Ittil  wi  onlj  mo.  the  hte 
John  James  Park.  Esq.  vbo,  %Hien  quite 
a  footb,  pafalished  tbe  Paroritial  History 
and  Andqoities  of  Haflspstead,  id  the 
jear  I8I4>  and  who  w«s afterwanb highly 
distif^ittsbed  by  his  legal  kaowledgc,  and 
far  some  time  held  the  Chair  S[  Pro- 
tumarot  English  Law  and  Jari«prudence 
■t  King's  CflUc^  London.  Some  me- 
Dobs  ol  him  will  be  fotuid  in  tbe  Gen- 
tleman's ila^Bzine,  rol.  ciu.  ii.  HI,  551, 
tb«  latter  arodc  being  written  by  bi» 
firtber.  We  ri-gret  tu  add  that  tbts  be- 
nBTPmt'iit  was  not  merely  an  affliction  to 
lilr,  Parfc'a  parental  feeUnjry,  but  tbat  it 
flW  also  a  serious  drpriv^tion  tu  his  pe> 
omiary  circunutaoce* ;  for  he  bad  ad- 
vanced his  means  to  the  utmost  towards 
■seating  bis  son  in  his  arduous  profession, 
and  the  return  wbtrh  be  bad  expected 
from  his  son'n  cmini'nt  talents,  was  thus 
suddenly  snatched  from  him.  To  this 
and  ersry  other  dispentiation  of  the 
Almighty,  Mr.  Park  submitted  without 
a  murmur,  for  be  wns  influenced  by  a 
deep  sense  of  Christian  piety.  He  baa 
left  four  daughters,  (one  of  ibem  married  J 
the  survivors  of  a  numerous  family. 


1 


Rev.  Edwaka  lariNC. 

Dee.  6.  At  GUsgow,  in  his  43(1  year, 
the  Iler.  Edward  Irving,  M.A.  the  cele- 
brated pretu'her. 

This  extraordinary  person  was  born  at 
Annan  in  Dumfrie>^bire,  and  i-ducated 
at  tbe  univen>ity  uf  Kdinburgh.  In  181 1 
be  was  appointed  tu  superintend  tbe 
mathematical  »rbool  at  Hsddini:tun, 
whence  be  wa«  removed  in  181:2  to  in- 
aCnict  the  higher  classes  at  Kirkaldr. 
Being,  soon  afcer»-ards,  qiulified  to  preaen, 
be  bcL-ame  a  probationer,  and  officiated  at 
various  churches  until  he  w-iis  recom- 
mended to  the  notice  of  Dr.  Chalmers, 
who  eogaged  bim  as  his  assistant  in  St. 
John's  parish,  Glasgow.  In  that  city  he 
ptined  so  much  reputation,  that,  on  a 
vacancy  (Kcurrin^;  in  tbe  ministry  of  tbe 
Caledonian  church,  in  Cross-street,  Hat- 
ton  Garden,  be  was  invited  to  London, 
wbert-  he  took  possession  of  the  pulpit  in 
August  IK22. 

He  had  not  long  occupied  it  before  be 
attracted  very  large  congregations  by  tbe 
force  and  eloquence  of  hu  discourses, 
and  tbe  ung-utahty  uf  his  appearance 
and  gesticulation.  The  greatest  orators 
and  MUMffieu  of  the  day  burned  to  hear 
13 


the    Mats    of   Cfte    Htipil 
Aed  with  dw  vmitlif  •arfclr  I 

aUe,  aa4  iSs  doora  wiwk 


cvmgcs.     It 

clode  ttefnhlie  ia  ^enenal,  aad  '(• 
those  oely  wte  were  ft\  iioaalj  prprtdid 
with  lidceu.  (are  G«bk.  Hi^ 
lb^\  The  atraagier  «Ik»  ^d 
entmwe  foond  Wmaetf  ta  a  *^'"f"'  ^ 
modente  diiaewiotis,  siirroaaJaJVy  <ie 
gay.  the  aoUe.  aisd  the  talcMai  of  iiMfc 
aeeea.  When  erery  port  of  tia  kaOAv 
had  beeooie  densely  aad  ooot  oppRBHii^ 
crowded,  the  pmriicr  w^if^aiwA, — MC 
athletic,  and  mUow;  aiiayed  ia  iha 
scanty  robe  of  the  Seofeeh  di«l 

Elayii^  a  profosioa  of  jeC-ldaek. 
air,  wachiag  even  to  hia  dnsolivrv 
a  singular  (Miquity  in  ooe  of  Ida  . 
and  a  stem  calm  soleauaty  of  aiMiitl 
MKnewhat  debased  by  an  eajmeama  wtk- 
cative  of  austere  pride  bM  eoaariaas 
canctily.  His  strong  N<mhem  aeoeM 
added  to  bis  singtilorttr ;  wfaidi  was 
still  further  increased  by  hia 
and  ungraceful,  but  iniprrinin^  . 
lation.  Tbe  peculiar  chanscteriaor  of  his 
style  was  a  titruning  after  origtaaliiy  af 
ideas;  and  tbe  expresstng  ikeaa  m  dbe 
language  of  Milton,  Jcmny  Tayloi;  aai 
tbe  old  divines;  embellishiag  Ua  Jj^ 
course  with  the  metapbora  of  pocla  mA 
pbilofiopbers.  and  adding  to  the  pt^oMrr 
of  his  censures  by  penooat  wHtifiona  mm 
homely  truths.  This  season  of  hk  ct* 
eeanve  popularity  is  marked  by  mtml 
ephemeral  pamphlets  and  din  iiiaiuai  ua 
bis  merits,  a  collection  of  wliieli  Mf^ 
be  an  object  worthy  the  pursuit  of  •  c«i. 
ous  bibliographer.  One  of  them,  oallal 
»'  The  Trial  of  tbe  Rev.  Ed>«iird  Irvii** 
has  a  frontispiece  with  four  portnitan 
bis  most  favourite  attitudea,  cucht  1^^ 
tbe  happy  pencil  of  Geoi)^  Cniflfrt—h. 

On  experiencing  tbe  ineowmMaee  flf 
the  small  chapel  in  Crumi  auget,  iftt 
more  enthusiastic  and  attached  of  Mr. 
Irv lug's  admirers  raised  a  subscriptiail  IB 
erect  for  him  a  larger  nnd  tnocv  mm— 
dious  church.  This  was  tbe  orifiii  of 
tbe  handsome  edifice  in  SidipOBtlustf M t. 
Regent's  square,  which  was  eomplrted  a 
1 82a  But  liefore  it  was  ready  for  hn 
occupancy,  tbe  tide  ol  bis  great  popo 
laritr  was  already  fMst.  llts  ccctmtrHa* 
ties  had  became  familiar,  and  the  rurtoaiiy 
of  novelty-hunters  was  wtiated.  Nor 
had  bis  publication  entitled  **  For  the 
Oracles  of  iioA,  tbur  Ontioiwi  Wkm 
Judgment  to  Come,  an  Aigumsnt  ill  nlM 
parts,"  been  esteemed  worthy  to  miftMhl 
his  permanent  rcpuutton.  It  licraat 
evident  that  the  chief  charm  of  hi*  dls- 
courtcs  iMd  oocuisted  iti  hl«  node  of  4dtt> 
verv. 


lA 


Obitdary. — Rev.  Etho,  Irving. — Clergt^  Deeewted. 


G65 


Nor  bod  he  b««n  long  estahlished  in 
bU  new  pulpit,  before  his  tbint  for  noto- 
riety, or  suine  Htill  more  decided  alienation 
of  mind,  urged  him  to  the  adoption  of 
more  d«ngcrou«  ccccntrieitics.     He  wu 
ebvKed  with  hereby;  and  at  a  roeetijig 
of  the    Preshylcry  of    I^ondon  ou    the 
29th   Nov.  IK«J,  the  rejwrt  of  the  coro- 
mittee  ajipointed  to  examine  his  work  on 
Cl>ri8t'8  uunianity,  wus  brought  up  and 
rend.     It  djurged   Mr.   I^^■illf;  with  hold- 
ing  Christ  guilty  of  original  and  actual 
I  Mo,  and  denying  the  doctrines  of  atone* 
'  merit,  saliKfactiuti,  imputation,  and  stibsU- 
itutiuit.  Tbese  cbargo  were  substantiated 
with  quotations  frum  the  work  itself,  and 
confronted  with  passage*  from  the  Scrip- 
ture»>the  Confetvfionof  Faith,  and  the  As- 
semhly's  Catechism.     They  were  warmly 
IWjected  by  Mr.  Hamilton,  brother-in-law 
of  Mr.  Irving,  an  deputy  from  the  Na- 
lioiial  Scotch  Church.     Tlii're|iort,  liow« 
ever,  was  received,  and  ordered  to  lie  on 
[the   table.     The  further  proceedings  of 
Eecrlesiastiral    censure  were  prolonged  for 
[eighteen  months;  dunng  tvhich  his  reli- 
^giou«  errors  were  neither  corrected  nor 
{.modified  ;  hut,   on   the  contrary,  be  pro- 
pped  to  all   the   extr»^T»gaiicc  of  the 
Unknown    Ton^uef.      At    length,    the 
trustees  of  the  Church  in  Regcnt-aaoare 
completed  hit  ejection  on  the  3d  of  May. 

Uis  death  occurred  afler  ■  ■bort  but 
severe  illness.     He  wa<si  ^lensible  tu  the 
loat,  and  his  departing  words  ^vere  "in  life 
or  in  death,    I  am  the  LordV ;"  previous 
to  whirb,  he  sung  the  23A  |H>alm  in   He> 
brew,  accompanied  by  his   wife's  father, 
the  Rer.  John  Martin. 

Mr.  Irving  \ra^  married  to  AIiss  Mar> 
tin,  of  Kirkaldy,  in  1823,  whom  he  has 
left  his  mdow  with  several  young  chil- 
dren.     He  M-as  an  amiable  man  in  his 
privite  relations;  and  liii«  original  powers, 
nud    a    healthy  and  consistent  cxcrcioc 
been  made  of  them,  undoubtedly  would 
bave  achieved  a  more  de«irable  and  more 
permanent  fiima  thim  that  of  a  nine  duya* 
wonder    uf    pulpit    oratory,  or   tlte  high 
priest  of  a  wild  set  of  enthusiasts.     Dr. 
Chalmers,  on  meeting  with  his  senior  claas 
at  Glasgow,  on  the  morning  be  beard  of 
Mr.    Irvine's  death,   paid   the   following 
tribute  to  his  memory: — '^  He  waii,"  said 
Rev.    Doctor,  "  one  of  lho»e  whom 
calht  the  nobles  of  nature.     His 
[iH*   %«'r..    ...  .'.pMitqnding,    that  you 

could  ■■  <ii,  and  be  so  wraa 

It  was  iiupo<siblc 
hnu.      VVbcn    requested   at 
^nrrr^pondent  to  give  him 
ii.ii.-tcr,  he  re- 
.  til  t>c  »um- 
lle  was  the 


evangelical  Christian  grafted  on  the  old 
Roman— with  the  lofty  stem  ^-irtues  of 
the  one,  he  |to8seased  the  humble  gnmn 
of  the  other."  The  consdtutiunal  basis 
and  ground-M'ork  of  hls>  chitracter  was 
virtue  alune  ;  and  notwithstanding  all  hi(> 
errors  and  eiitnivaguncicts  which  U>th  in- 
jured his  chanicter  in  the  estimation  of 
the  world,  and  thresv  discredit  upon  murh 
that  was  good  and  useful  in  bis  writings, 
he  behcved  him  to  be  a  man  of  deep  and 
devoted  piety." 

His  complaint  was  consumption,  pro- 
duced by  faik  laborious  and  unceasing 
etfortH  to  prii|iagate  the  peculiar  religious 
tenets  to  which  he  had  attached  himself. 
Those  who  have  tteen  him  within  the 
last  twelve  months,  and  have  marked  bia 
long  gray  bair,  and  wrinkled  brow,  will  be 
surprised  to  learn  that  he  had  only  at- 
tained hi^  42d  year.  His  funeral  was  at- 
tended by  most  of  tie  clergy  of  Glasgow, 
and  by  most  of  the  eldersf  and  deacons  of 
St.  John's  parish,  in  connexion  with  whom 
be  spent  probably  the  most  useful  days  of 
bis  life. 

Besides  the    *•  Oiatians "   heforemen- 
(ioocd,    be    ppbliabed    in    1827,    "  The 
Coming  of  tbe  Messiah   in   Glory  and 
Alajesty,    by   Juan   Josafat    Ben    Ezra, 
a  converted   Jew,"  translated   from  the 
Spanish,  in  which  his  heretical  opinions 
were  first  betrayed  :  in  18^  a  "  Letter  to 
the  King  on  tbe  Repeal  of  the  'iVst  and 
Corporation   Aet»,"  a  measure  which  he 
earnestly    oppoMrd;    in    tbe   rnme    year 
*'  Last  Days,  and  discourses  on  the  evil 
ebaracter  of  these  timet< ;"  and  also  threaj 
Sermons,  Lecture*,  and  occasional   dis.J 
coun*e«,  and  in  182^  **  Church  and  Stattt^ 
responsible  to  each  other,  a  series  of  dia-  J 
courses  on  Daniel's  Vision  of  the  four 
Beasts.' 


CLERGY  DECEASED. 

Marvh  ^L  At  Kcit»ington,  aged  39, 
the  Rev.  John  n'rybtulg*,  M.A.  of  Sc. 
John's  college,  Cjunhrii^e. 

March  24.  At  En  hum,  Hants,  afad ' 
71,  the  Rev.  Ja»rph  Light  fool.  Rector  o|] 
Enhani  with  Upton  Gray.  He  waa' 
formerly  Fellow  ami  Tutor  of  Queen^ , 
college,    Oxford,    M.A     ITIKJ,  and  was 

tiresented  to  bis  living  by  that  society  in 
814. 

MaTih  io.    At  Haotings,  aged  47,  the 
Rev.  /v«rM  H'uy,  of  Spenrcr  r  ann,  Ea«  ( 
ff.y  „,..>  ..(    'r.n...y  collcgv,  Cambridge, 
V  !   KA.   1811  as  Iltb 

.lu  .  i.A.  1WI4. 

Afareh  1^.  The  Rcv.  /{iirlftolomew 
NUsoiu,  >'(T|:etUMl  tauateof  Hopton,  Su& 
folk.  He  wai  of  St.  John's  college,  CaJD- 
bridge,  DA.  17!)  I,  M.A.  I7!)C;  and  waa, 
preeented  to  Hnpion  in  1801  by  the  Dean 
4<^ 


e6€ 


OaiTOAav. 


CJi 


and  Chapter  of  Norwich.  HewwMted 
with  spoplncj  in  the  pu^it,  and,  haruig 
been  Musted  to  an  ad^Mcot  cottage^  lin. 
gered  about  eight  hojws.  For  fofty  jtmn 
thin  excellent  man  wis  cnrate  of  Lowea> 
toft ;  after  hia  reMgnation  his  parishion«s 
presented  bin  wiu  a  massive  silver  vaae 
and  cover,  of  the  value  of  801. 

^prit  S.  At  Plas  jn  Llan,  eo.  Den- 
bigh, the  Rev.  Robert  Jomea,  Rector  of 
BonMeme,  Oxfordshire.  He  was  fcr- 
merljr  Fellow  of  St.  John's  coHcge,  Cam- 
bridge,  where  he  graduated  B.A.  1791, 
M.A.  1791v  B.D.  18(K,  and  was  pre. 
sented  to  hu  living  bj  that  aociety  in  1806. 

jt^  4.  At  Hanwood.  Shropshire, 
the  Rev.  Charlet  Grtgory  Wade,  Rector 
of  that  parish.  He  was  the  eldest  son  of 
the  late  Charies  Gregory  Wade,  esq.  of 
Warwick ;  was  of  Merton  college.  Ox. 
ford,  M.A.  1810,  and  was  instituted  to 
Hanwood  in  the  same  rear. 

AprU  I3w  At  Catwick.  near  Beveriej, 
Med  7^  the  Rev.  Jukn  Tom,  Vicar  of 
that  parish.  He  was  the  joungest  son 
of  the  hite  Rev.  James  Torre,  of  Snydal, 
CO.  York ;  was  a  member  of  Trinitr  coU. 
Cbnbridn,  B.A.  178S,  as  6th  Junior 
Optime,  M.A.  1786;  and  was  presented 
to  Catwick  in  1799  by  the  Lord  Chan, 
oellor. 

At  Paris,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Charlet 
Goodwtmf  D.QL.  He  was  of  Queen's 
eoU.  Oxf.  B.GL.  1788,  D.C.L.  179a 

AprU  15.  At  Exeter,  aged  40.  the 
Rev.  Gforge  Sercombe  Luke,  B.A.  of 
Queen's  college,  Oxford. 

y^prU  20.  At  Minested,  in  the  New 
Forest,  the  Rev.  Jokm  Combe  Compton^ 
Rector  of  Minested  with  Lyndhurst. 
He  was  of  Merton  college,  Oxford,  where 
be  took  the  degree  of  M.A.  in  1817,  and 
by  that  society  he  was  presented  to  tho 
ainecure  rectories  of  Gamlingay  in  Cam. 
bridgeshire,  and  Farley  in  Surrey,  in  1828. 
He  was  presented  to  Minestea  in  1816 
by  H.  C.  Compton,  esq. 

April  23.  At  Sopley  Park,  Hants, 
aged  81,  the  Rev.  Jomei  Compton  Wm», 
B.A.  for  fifty-six  vears  Vicar  of  that 
place,  and  one  of  ute  oldest  magistrates 
for  the  county. 


DEATHS. 

LONDON  AND  ITS  VICINITT. 

Dee.  17.  In  Clarendon.aq.  at  a  very 
advanced  age,  Henry  Bone,  esq.  R.  A. 
who  had  carried  the  art  of  painting  on 
enamel  to  a  d^ree  of  excellence  httSerto 
unknown  in  this  country. 

Lauly.    Mr.  William   Gorton,  »'■' 
of  a  Topographical  Dictionary  of  ' 
Britain  and  Ireland,  a  DictioaBiy  <ri 
grapby,  hue  &e. 


Christopher  SiBith,  aoq.  late  AldanMi 
of  Cordwaiaei's  Ward.  He  was  te  soa 
of  a  small  famer  at  Hanrell  aear  Abii^ 
don ;  and  faaviag  been  aent  m  to  \tnAvm 
to  be  inoculated  at  tke  SoaaU  Pok  Hoa- 
pital,  was  adopted  by  a  aaanagtr  of  that 
institution,  of  his  own  name,  but  no  leia. 
tton,  aod  brought  up  to  the  wiae  trade. 
He  was  elected  AlderoMui  in  1807,  Sheriff 
in  the  same  year,  and  JLerd  Mavor  m 
1817.      . 

In  Cadogan. place,  in  her  95th  ycai^ 
Mrs.  Anne  Ooddaid,  nster  to  the  lata 
Ambrose  Goddard,  esq.  of  Swindon. 

In  her  90th  year,  tbe  Rigbt  Hon.  S»- 
aan  dowwer  Lady  Eieho,  naocfaer  of  the 
Eari  of  Wemysa  and  Mardi.  She  was 
the  dau.  of  Anthony  Trmej  KeA,  of 
Great  Tew  in  Oxfordshire,  esq.  by  iedy 
Susan  Hamilton,  dau.  of  James  fomtii 
Duke  of  Hamilton,  K.G.  was  married  ia 
1771  to  Francis  Lord  Elcho,  who  died 
V.  p.  Jan.  80,  1606,  leaving  one  son,  now 
Ekui  of  Wemyss,  and  four  daughtera,  the 
Countess  of  Stamford  and  Warriiq^ton,  the 
late  Lady  Susan  Clinton,  Lady  Catha- 
rine Stuart,  and  Lady  Roaamorew 

Mardi  7.  Aged  78,  Cbarlea  Jaiaes 
Coverlcy,  esq.  of  PK>videnee.row,  Fias. 
bury,  and  Lewiaham. 

MarAU.  In  Upper  OroeTenor.«treet. 
aged  61,  Henry  Bertram  Ogle,  eaq. 

March  12.  Mary,  wife  of  the  Rev, 
Dr.  Martyn,  of  Russell-aq. 

In  Store-sL  in  bia  73d  year,  Alexander 
Pope,  esq.  Ute  of  the  'rheatres  Royal 
Covent-gardcn  and  Drur^-lane. 

March  13.  In  Cambndge-terrace,  Re- 
gent's-park,  Henry  Glazbrook,  eaq. 

March  17.  Aged  77,  Sarah,  wift  of 
Moses  lindo,  jun.  of  Bury.ooBr^  St 
Mary  .axe. 

A/arc*  19.  At  the  house  of  Jaaca 
Deacon  Hume,  esq.  Russell- sq.  Chariott^ 
wife  of  Whitlock  Nicholl,  e^q.  M.D. 

AfarcA  80.  In  WeymoutlMitreec,  sged 
77,  Robert  Stona,  esq. 

In  Harley.at  in  his  3d  year,  Charles 
Wentworth,  second  son  of'^Sir  Qrc^jocy 
Lewin. 

MarOi  87.  In  Portman.plaee,  Edge. 
ware-road,  in  her  55th  year,  Ann,  wife  of 
Charies  Lucas,  esq.  formeriy  of  9tb  Dra- 
goons, relict  of  Wm.  Uoyd,  esq.  of  Rood, 
lane,  and  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Mattock 
Wilcox,  esq.  of  CumbertfaUaad,  co.  Moat* 
gomery. 


Watson  \V«1p,  esq.  formerly  of  the  Irish 
Treat  ur)',  and  late  of  the  Stoc)b£xchange. 

ArsA  II  monUu,  Harriet>Miiry,  dau. 
of  KichBTd  Onflow,  esq.  lMrrister-ut>Uw. 

^■Spril5.  Aged  ii,  Eliza,  only  child  of 
the  late  John  Potts,  psq,  of  IVolworth. 

j4oril  1^.  At  CluphKra-common,  iigcd 
64,  AlariM,  widow  of  Richard  Staiiiforth, 
es4.  mulbLT'in-luw  uf  tbe  Rev.  Dr.  Deal- 
try,  llector  of  Clapham. 

^Ipril  \b.  At  Chelsea,  Maria- Frances, 
wife  of  Major  Verity,  late  of  93id  High- 
landers. 

At  bis  house  near  Highgate,  George 
Bauinan,  eaq.  of  Watling-«t. 

.4pril  16.  In  Brynnston-sq.  need  64, 
Juhn  Elphini^tun,  e*q.  formerly  Member 
of  the  Council  at  Bombay. 

^iorU  J  7.  In  Upper  Gowcr-strcet, 
agea  71,  William  Mnnning,  e^q. 

A^ed  8J>,  tbe  w  idow  of  JoLn  Joyner, 
esq.  of  Dviiraark-bill,  Surrey. 

April  lt«.  Jn  Tavistock-gq.  John 
Brown  Nasinyth,  «>$q. 

April  19.  At  tl)c  Bridge  bouse, 
Soutbvrarkt  Eliza- Frances,  wife  of  John 
Kewraan,  esq.  only  dau.  of  the  late  licv. 
B.  Middletou,  Sub  Dean  of  Chichester. 

In  Fitzroy- square,  aged  \\i,  Chrictiuna 
Brisbane,  wife  of  Tboniab  Metcalfe,  esq. 
only  dau.  of  Henry  Cranstoun,  eaq.  of 
Fryar's-hall,  Melrose. 

April  21.  At  Highbury-place,  aged 
T4>,  John  Worould,  esq.  partner  in  Child's 
bdiiking  bou«e. 

In  8t.  Andrew 'a- place,  Regent's- park, 
aged  77.  Jarues  Maude,  esq. 

In  Park- St.  Grosvenor-sq.  aged  2tJ 
inuntbs  Jatnea,  only  son  of  Mr.  Baron 
Parke. 

April  22.  In  Newman -st.  aged  51, 
Walter  J.  Baldwin,  c»q.  brother  to  Dr. 
Buldwin,  M.P.  for  Cork.  In  early  life 
be  inherited  the  cAtutc  of  Clohinna,  eo. 
Cork,  which  he  transferred  to  his  brother, 
in  con«ci^uencc  o(  hiscirrunjAraoce'i  having 
become  involved  through  his  uuboiuided 
hospitality  and  beneficence.  I^le  bad  long 
resided  in  London,  where  he  devoted  hiro- 
aell  to  literature  and  politico,  in  both 
of  which  deiMrtments  he  was  lu)owi]  and 
•dmircd  a«  a  wntcr. 

.■1pr%l  tA.  At  the  house  of  her  daugh- 
ter, Mr».  Na'ih,  Hydeliouse,  Ediuonton, 
Mr».  Slater,  in  h<r  Kfid  year 

AptUtG,  At  Soutliampton-row,  John 
LCapper,  esq.  turwcriy  uf  Ely-jilace  and 
[Cfoydon. 

'    M27.     In  bi«  49th  year,  EdrtTsrd 
i'*q.  or<'-'    (>   •iiry. 
land-i  Louiic  of  her 

»-    -  1-  in  her  tjOth 

l'ian«tta,  itidow   of  Sa- 
WoodUlUpurk,  Herts, 


dan.  of  tbe  late  Edm.   Tumor,  esq.  of 
Stoke  liall,  co.  Lincoln. 

Aprii  X8.  At  the  Charterhouse,  aged 
58,  John  Vetch,  ew|.  M.D. 

April  29.  In  Clurges-st.  aged  52,  the 
Right  Hon.  Mary  Lady  Graves,  sifter  to 
tbe  Matquis  of  Anglctey.  She  >«'as  tbe 
.5th  duu.  of  Henry  1st  Earl  of  Uxbridge, 
by  Jiiiic,  eldest  dau.  of  the  Very  Rev. 
Arthur  Champugnc.  Dean  of  Clonniac- 
iioiji,  was  married  June  ij7,  1803,  to  Tho* 
mas,  second  Lord  Gnivc!^.  who  died  Feb. 
7,  1830,  leaving  iMUe  the  present  Lord 
Graves,  three  other  sons,  and  nx  dsugb- 
tera. 

Jarte-Frceling,  youngest  daughter  of  Ed- 
ward Stanley,  cmj.  Lincoln's  inn. fieldts. 

Maif  1.  At  Heme  hill,  aged  b7,  after 
a  life  of  exempUry  piety  and  benevolence, 
Thomas  Simpson,  eM\  of  the  linn  of 
North,  Simpson  and  Graham,  Bridgo>ct. 
Blucklriars. 

May  3.  At  Strawbcrry-hill-eottage, 
Twickenham,  aged  6^,  John  Bull,  esq. 
of  Abingdon-streel,  Clerk  uf  the  Journals 
of  tbe  House  of  Commons.  This  worthy 
and  talented  man  died  after  a  very  fhort 
illness,  to  the  great  regret  of  a  numerous 
circle  of  friends ;  leaving  a  widow  and  ■ 
lurge  young  family,  to  nmurn  their  loss. 
He  was  buried  in  St.  Alsrgarct"*  church, 
Westminster, 

..Vsu  4.  Mr.  Wm.  Woole.s  H>nof  tbe 
late  Mr.  Wm.  Woolea,  surveyor  of  Bris. 
tol.  He  had  pursued  a  «iucces'>ful  course 
of  studies  under  that  eminent  sculptor 
E.  H,  Baily,  esij.  R.A.  and  obtiiinid 
the  silver  medal  of  the  Society  oi  ;\ii>. 
and  tbe  large  gold  medal  of  tbe  Kuyal 
Academy. 

May  G.  At  Piccadilly,  the  Viscount, 
ess  dc  Tagooliy,  widow  of  hi*  Excellency 
I.  Paulo  Bezerru,  Prime  Ministi-r  to  John 
VI.  King  of  Portugal.  Her  muidtn  name 
was  Sills,  and  she  was  bursed  near  others 
of  her  family  in  Cantberwell  churchyard. 

In  Bryanston-st.  aged  7.>,  Lleut.-C«l. 
John  Bell,  lormerly  of  Modnu  ArxjUerv. 

At  Bloomsbiiry-eq.  tbe  widow  of  J. 
Alan.ship  Ewart,  esq.  of  Broome  Park, 
Surrey,  and  of  tbe  High  Beerhes,  Sus«ex. 

In  Okford-it.  aged  78,  Thomas  Har. 

A\<>"  ■■•.'.    fur  many  years  of  the  Surrey 

1  iind  author  of  a  late  pubiico- 

ti   1  i  "a  New  View  of  'Jjme." 

lit  liiiMUnd.st.agcd42,  Wvn.  Purki:,r^. 

In  Bentinc:k-st.  in  his  (sid  year.  Dr. 
Rxibcrt  Huoper,  of  Slanmare,  formerly  of 
Saville-row. 

Mu<j  b.  At  Vl^oolwicfa.  6gid  ',)7,  the 
widow  of  Thomas  Bradhriilge,  eki|.  of 
tbe  Royal  Ordnance,  mother  nt  djiiaiji 
John,  and  Lieut.  Thomas  1  I 

tbe  Royal  Artillery,  aiaigr;.)  i 


668 

Captain  Bndbridge,  of  the  8th  Infantiy, 
all  of  whom  the  turrired  many  Teare. 

Afttv  9.  Aged  77,  Richard  Hall,  esq. 
of  Monaghan,  fonnerly  Capt.  in  the 
Cheshire  Fenciblet. 

Mtnf  12-  At  Camden  New>town, 
Mary,  widow  of  W.  Kinnard,  esq.  of 
Holbom,  one  of  the  magistrates  of  the 
Thames-police. 

At  his  residence,  Winchmore-hill, 
tted  88,  W.  C.  Haynes,  esq.  only  son  of 
the  late  W.  Haynes.  esq.  of  Kibworth 
Harcourt,  Leicestershire. 

May  1.3.  At  her  bouse  at  Clapham, 
aged  Ms  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Cook,  widow  of 
the  celebrated  circumnavigator  Captain 
James  Cook.  This  very  venerable  and 
excellent  lady  retained  her  faculties  to 
the  last. 

In  Mun$ter-st.  Regent's  park,  aged  53, 
Major  Phineas  M'Pherson,  of  the  Half, 
pay  Unattached. 

May  19.  In  Union  row.  New  Kent 
Road,  aged  68,  Mrs.  Grace  Carlos. 

Bkvs— April  21.  At  Apsley,  aged  67, 
J.  Patrick  Moore,  esq. 

Berks. — March  3.  At  Binfield  Lodge, 
aged  70,  Elizdbeth,  widow  of  David  Har- 
ris, esq. 

April  19.  At  Windsor,  aged  60,  Eli. 
nor,  wife  of  Sir  John  Chapman. 

Bl'ckb. — May  30.  At  Buckingham,  in 
his  35tb  year,  Edward  Bartlett,  esq. 
banker. 

Cheshiak. — Jan.  7.  In  his  80tb  year, 
John  Fletcher,  esq.  for  more  than  half  a 
century  proprietor  of  the  Chester  Chnmi- 
ele,  and  tAvice  Mayor  of  Chester. 

May  23.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  William 
Wardell,  esq.  banker,  Chester. 

Dehby.— 3/ay  4.  Aged  73^  Susanna, 
relict  of  Charles  Hurt.  esq.  of  Wirks. 
worth,  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  Richard  Ark. 
Wright. 

Devon. — Fib.  26.  At  Ilfracombe,  aged 
42,  the  lady  of  George  Harris,  esa  buiker. 

At  Heavitree,  near  Exeter,  Mr.  Wm. 
Newton,  for  many  years  confidentially 
employed  in  the  London  Gazette  office. 

Lately — At  Dawlish,  Bridget- Maria- 
Jane,  wife  of  the  Rev.  J.  D.  Perkins, 
Vicar. 

At  Pelynt,  aged  76,  Mr.  G.  Bowden, 
jun.,  followed  to  the  grave  by  his  father, 
who  has  attained  the  advanced  age  of  lOS. 

May  3.  At  Exeter,  aged  92,  Thomas 
Sparkes,  esq.  banker,  a  highly  respected 
member  of  the  Society  of  Fnends. 

May  8.  At  Plymouth,  aged  89,  Bar- 
tholomew Dunsterville,  esq.  for  many 
years  an  Alderman  and  a  Magistrate  of 
that  town. 

May  9.  At  Ashford  paraonage,  aged 
92,  Mra.  Dorothy  Mervm,  dau.  of  the  Ute 


OaiTVAKY.  [J«ae^ 

John  Mervin,  esq.  of  Bfuirood-hin :  die 
last  of  thename  of  that  ancieiit  &rafly. 

May  10.  At  Dunster  Castle,  Mary 
Ann  Fownes  Luttrell,  dan.  of  tlie  late 
John  Fownes  Luttrell,  esq. 

DoKSET.— F«&.  25.  Ac  Lyme,  at  aa 
advanced  age,  IMajor  John  Clarke. 

March  I.  At  Stert  Cottage,  mar 
Poole,  aged  27,  George,  youngeat  ton  of 
the  Rev.  P.  W.  JoUffe. 

March  80.  At  Sberbonme,  from  cear- 
let  fever,  John- Walter,  and  <w  the  25tfa, 
Alfred,  sons  of  Mra.  Butterworth,  of 
Henbury. court,  Glouc  And  on  the  21st 
aged  12,  Norris- Thomas,  son  of  C  D  O. 
Jephson,  esq.  M.  P.  Also,  April  22, 
aged  a  months,  Charles- AntliODy,  son 
of  Mr.  Jephson. 

DcRHAM. — April  27.  At  Sunderland^ 
Caroline- Jemima,  wife  of  John  Mamy, 
esq.  eldest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  John  Les- 
lie, of  Findrassie,  Bart- 

Essex May  3.     At  the  Ausina,  near 

Colchester,  aged  55,   Elizabeth- Sophia^ 
wife  of  George  Henry  Errington,  esq. 

Gloucester. — Jan.  29.  At  Biutd, 
Colonel  Barclay,  late  56th  regim«ic. 

March  2.  At  the  Spa,  near  Olouoester, 
a^ed  80,  Major  George  Ball,  of  the  third 
division  of  ^val  Marines,  elder  brother 
to  the  late  Sir  Alexander  Ball,  Bare  Go> 
Temor  of  Malta. 

March  5.  At  CheUenbam,  Amdia, 
widow  of  Thomas  Hopkins,  esq.  and 
youngest  dau.  of  the  late  Sir  John  Hop- 
kins, Knight. 

March  6.  At  Cheltenham,  Arthnr 
Langford  Cooke,  esq. 

April  11.  At  Cheltenham,  Anna, 
wife  of  the  Rev.  R.  Dickson,  and  sister 
of  Sir  W.  Chatterton,  Bart. 

April  27.  At  Cheltenham,  aged  68; 
Thomas  Gray,  esq.  He  was  educated  at 
Winchester  School,  and  New  Collie, 
Oxford,  and  after  taking  the  degree  of 
B.  A.,  was  intended  for  the  liar,  bat 
being  possessed  of  a  liberal  iDcoae^  aetdeJl 
in  Cheltenbiim,  where  for  more  Hum 
twenty  years  lii?  was  the  ploqueni  allt^or«te 
of  all  local  impmveincnis,  and  alM>  uf 
political  reform.  Betidea  cstjwrirnrhig 
great  pecuniary  lossifS,  be  was.  unhappy 
enough  to  survirc  bit  only  childmi,  two 
married  daughteTH,  as  well  as  their  reupec- 
tive  husband^,  whiie  hia  latter  jmatt 
still  further  cnibittered  by  the  total 
of  sight.  No  1 1  til  1 1  W'ii«  more  ojctivo  in 
struggle  for  Pjuliftnuiitiiry  refo>nii  j  : 
his  fellow-to'i^  liSHicn  i  --»--*  -  • 
chosen  him  their  Jlrri  ft, 
on  account  of  growiof^* 
he  declined  that  bo«^ 
Captain  Gisy.  in  t 
been  Captain  Cm 
teer  Cavalry  of  U 


I 


Laiely.  Mr.  John  Rudball,  bell- 
rounder,  of  Gloucester,  aped  75,  whose 
family  have  carried  on  the  btisitti'ss  of 
bell-tauiidiniz  in  (Gloucester  for  1!(0  yrars. 

At  Bri.^lingtun-housc,  neiir  Bristol, 
aged  74^  Edw.  Loiijj:  Fox,  M.D. 

May  7.  At  Cliftoii,  iged  73.  Lieut 
('ol.  Alexander  Luurence«  Governor  of 
Upnor  (Jwtie. 

Hants — .ipril  30.  At  Lyminpton, 
aged  67,  James  Bruwrt,  esq.  Ciollector  of 
CuBtomK  xt  that  plure.  Captain  aiid  Pay- 
master  of  the  South  Eut  Hants  Loral 
JVlilitia,  A>,'ent  to  the  (.'onimittee  for  the 
Aifuin»  of  Lloyd's,  SecretHry  of  the  Pro- 
vident Institution,  u  membrr  of  the  I'-or- 
puration,  nnd  Town  CleikoftliMt  borough. 

.l/dy  IJJ.  At  Ryde,  «ged  18,  Sophia, 
last  fiurvi\'in|7  child  of  the  Imte  Dr.  Per- 
aval,  of  Bath. 

Maj/  li.  At  Evcr&ley,  in  Hampshire, 
aged  66,  R    Prescott,  esq. 

Hi^ut.yonn.^-A/ay  V.i.  At  Boyce 
Court,  near  Ledbury,  aged  81,  J.  Drum- 
mond,  esq. 

Hebts. — At  Northchurch,  the  infant 
Boti  of  Astley  Puston  Cooper,  esq. 

Kent. — Jlpril  17.  At  Canterbury, 
a^ed  83,  Mrs  Anna  Maria  Litkyn.  kst 
surviving  child  of  Rev.  Anthony  Lukyn, 
lute  Rector  of  St.  Illildied,  Canterbury, 
and  Vicar  ot  Kecuher. 

.ijirii  H.  Aged  Go,  Edmund  Vnies, 
esq.  of  Fuirlawn,  Kent,  and  Ince, 
Cb««hire. 

At  WombvreIl.hall,  aged  71,  Rachael, 
wife  of  Thotnas  llarman,  esq. 

.^prU  26.  A^ed  30,  Richard,  eldest 
son  ol  Thomas  Jesson,  esq.  of  Uill-purk, 
Westerham. 

^fpril  29.  .At  Walnier,  Rebecca,  wife 
of  Nlichael  Larkin,  esq.,  late  of  Black- 
heaih. 

LateUf. — At  Ford\rich,  Major  T.  Scott, 
R.  Art. 

M,i>;  I  ^  -ffl  76,  .John  Garrett,  esq. 
of  F  -tt,  near  Ranihgutc. 

li.\  — iMtdy.     At  Liverpool, 

the  widow  ot  ii^v.  G.  Bulmer,  Vicar  of 
Thorpe,  near  Wttintleet. 

May   I.  ".'---.   ,1^  ^^ 

Ncwsbbi:  I. 


nwM  de    (.luitnii, 
ukt>  of  BHf.mJ. 

■  IX 

Uajt»«iL 

1 

IB; 

Viir  -    -•^• 

■ 

■v 

H 

-1  b 

'10»H 

grandfather's  death  in  t^%  has  left  issue 
two  sons  and  three  daughters. 

MiubLEStx. — Mardi'i:^  At  Bromley, 
John  Pearce,  esq.,  of  His  Majesty'! 
Customs. 

Apnl  22.  At  Hanwell,  Michael  Gan. 
non,  esq.  deeply  regretted. 

jVdjii  7.  Aged  87,  Thomas  Wood,  esq. 
of  Littleton,  father  of  C-oloncl  Wood  of 
LitUi-ton,  M.P.  for  Breconshire,  and 
grandfather  to  Captain  Wood,  the  high, 
spirited  and  persevering  candidate  for 
Middlesex. 

NoRTHiMB. — .^pri^\,  At  Ncwcastle- 
upon-Tyne,  John  K<>nwick,  esq. 

May  '2\.  At  Twickenham,  Elizabeth, 
relict  of  the  late  Lord  Henry  Thomas 
Howard  Molyncux  Howard- l>eputy  Earl 
Marshal  of  Lnglaud,  and  brother  of  Ber- 
nard Edward,  present  Dtilcc  of  Norfolk, 
KG  who  died  17  June,  I824-.  She  waa 
the  youngest  daughter  of  Edw.  Long,  esq. 
sometime  Chief  Judge  of  the  Vice  Ad. 
miralty  Court  of  Jamaieti,  and  author  of 
the  History  of  that  Island. 

0\os.— April  15.  At  Over- Norton, 
aged  1 1,  Henry  Thomas,  eldest  son  of 
Lieut.- Col.  iJawkins. 

%Ai.or—Ap,U  19,  Aged  73,  W^UlJam 
Purton,  es<|.  of  Faintrce. 

SoMEBsrr. — .iprit  I.  At  Bath,  aged 
90,  the  widow  of  Henry  Francis,  esq. 

April  19.  At  Bath,  aged  62,  Henry 
Hanson  Simpson,  esq  an  old  and  much 
ret^ected  inhabitant  of  that  city. 

Aptii^.  .At  Bath,  Elizabetb-Sophia, 
wife  of  Peter  Longford  Brooke,  esq.  of 
Mere,  dan.  of  Vice-Adm.  Sir  C.  Row- 
ley, K.C.B. 

May  3.  At  Milverton,  ag«d 
Sarianne,  wife  of  G.  W.  Ridsdale,  esqT^ 
daughter  of  the  late  Dr.  Lukin,  Deta  of 
Wells. 

Jfay    7.     Aged     17,    Dnm-CharlottB^, 
eldest  daughter  of  James  tlammett,  esq. 
of  Bath. 

SrArfoiin. — Lairlff.  At  Lichfield, 
aged  79,  Saralt,  widow  of  the  Rev.  John 
Best.  Subdean  of  Wolverhampton,  and 
Vicar  of  St-dgclcy. 

April  ift).  At  Lichfield,  aged  16, 
LoiusMi  Scudinore,  youngest  daughter  of 
.k..  If         ii..    Harwood. 

Mftrch  5;k  Mor^'  Ann,  wife 
l>er,  eM|.  of  Hitchain-holL 
>/  ja.     Aged  m>,  John  Le  Grice, 
I   Kory  Sf.    Rrjmtmds. 

At    Tadworth> 
'  Uid»on,  ckq. 
'  UTT  house,  aged 

,    .  <^cd  71.  EliuJ 
ui    Cupt.    Tvinpla] 

•Wed  7U,  Aillt«| 
V 


670 


Obitcary 


jtprat.  At  Upper  Tooting,  Bgcd  7.1. 
Henry  Wilson,  e«q. 

May  2.     At    liedley-house,   sged  G*, 
the  wife  of  Felix  Oilvert  I^broke,  e»q. 
May  4.     At   W«lton,  Hged  61,  John 
Newton,  et.q.  ... 

Sussex.— 3/rirM  19.  At  HMtuigs. 
aged  77,  Mr*.  Kmnces  MiUwrd,  lust  but. 
viving  dou.  of  Edward  Milwurd,  esq  wbo 
died  in  181 1.  Bged  US.  Her  sister  Maria 
died  in  H*l».  at  the  sam*  «ge  of  77. 

Match  t9.  At  Brighton,  Hcbecca 
Ann,  wife  of  Sir  Richard  Hunter. 

yiprU  12.  At  Brighton,  in  his  77th 
yemr,  George  roo|>er,  c»q,  formerly  of 
C«inbridg4f-heAth,  HBckney. 

y#orU  13.  At  Nuwick  Rectory,  aged 
47,  Sarah- LouisH,  wifo  of  the  Rev.  Tho- 
mas Baden  Powell,  don.  of  the  lute  Rev. 
Nath«niel  Cotton,  of  Tbornby,  Nortliump- 
tonshire. 

^fril  16.  At  the  Priory,  Chichester, 
aged  $1,  J.  Buker,  e»q 

jlpril  22,  At  Bri^ihlon.  Charlotte, 
widow  of  John  Scott,  esq.  who  was  killed 
at  Trafalgar,  at  the  side  of  Lord  Nelson, 
to  whom  be  wa«  Secretary. 

AprWili.  At  Brighton,  the  wife  of 
James  BouwenR,  esq.  dati,  of  the  late  Sir 
Richard  RviTolt,  Bart. 

M»y  3.  '  At  Brighton,  Martha,  wife  of 
John  ruwgtJod,  esq.  of  Upper  Bcdtbrd- 
pliffls.  and  ol  CUii)tnt\-l»nc. bunker;  and 
risler  of  Samuel  Rogers,  e»q.  the  Poet. 

M'ty  10.  At  Aluiitbam.  aged  19, 
Charles- Henry,  elde«t  son  of  Charles 
(3bitty,  B*q.  Jroin  a  concuasion  of  the 
■pine,  occaaioiied  by  Ins  bor*«  falling 
upon  him. 

Wahwick.— yf/Jfi/  28.  At  Kinetoii 
vicaruge,  aged  Stl,  Sophia,  \nfe  ul  the 
Uev.  FruneiB  R.  iVliller. 

Mail  b.  At  Leuoiington,  aged  55» 
Emily-Tweed,  widow  of  the  Rev  M. 
Carthew,  Vicar  of  Mattishull,  >orfolk. 

Wilts.— .-//)>•/  10.  At  All  CJinniiigs 
rectory,  of  scarlet  fever,  not  many  days 
after  the  death  of  two  ebildicn  from  the 
aamc  eomphunt,  Eliiii-  Maria,  wife  of  the 
Rev.  T.  A.  ilethuen,  M.A. 

WoECB»r«i.— -VtfrrA  11.  At  Thome- 
loe,  aged  72,  Jane,  widow  of  George 
Pcrrott,  esq.  of  Cr«coinbe  House. 

.Vy.riJ  3U.  At  Kidderminster,  aged  82, 
Joseph  Crane,  esq  for  til  yeara  aiui^eon 
in  that  borough. 

Y oRi.. —.IprilS.  At  CoMthaiB  Man. 
diivillc,  aged  78,  the  widow  of  Thomas 
Ponhrtuse,  e^q. 

jlfirit  Hi.  At  Ijastingbam,  Mary,  nnfe 
of  the  Rev.  R.  Harriaon,  Vicar  of  tbac 
pUce. 

jpr'J  \o.  At  Halifax,  Kawdon  Brigga, 
rtq.,  banker. 

4mrii  89<     <At  W«lfaam,   near  Malton, 


r    fcTTtTo  TV 


[Joiif. 


^prU  30.  At  BmweiAnU  aw  Snr- 
IxMvugb.  Amnr^  widow  at  Rar-AhM 
Willis,  of  Pel  worth. 

Walks. — /^ttJit.  At  Milford  Hxm, 
Cotnniander  W.  R.  Jark»ufi,  B.N. i»- 
spectiii^  Comnumder  ot°  that  iitfrict 

Feb.  2a  At  Cw^fi;  mgtA  76.  WiMM 
Towguod,  era.  vamuj  Tenam  s  jmnP0^ 
the  bunk  of  Alessra.  iSavenr,  Xo«p«l 
and  Co.  in  BriBioI. 

March  9.  Ac  Cowbridge^  Fran 
Taynton,   eiM|.   soliricor,  in  his  tiSth  jttt. 

^prV2».  Aged  47,  Chartone,  •* 
of  John  Hunter.  o«q.  of  Mouat  SrvMii, 
near  Llanidloes.,  Maiitgoineryikbtre. 

SroTLA.wn— .Ana.  l^  At  Duntiak 
Capt.  Ewing,  3?-^rh  regt- 

.iyrii  Ik  At  LUttmfnes.mgviSi.  Cipt. 
Charles  James  Hope  Jobitotone.  JtV 
brother  to  the  member  fur  fumtrimtr** 
He  was  the  3d  son  of  the  late  Vie«».Adia. 
Sir  Wm.  Johnstone  Hupe,  fi.C.B.  k? 
Lttdy  Anne  Hope  .T.  ' 
of  Jikuies.  3d  i:xi ! ' 
made  Lieutenant  in  >  i 

ill  I8S3.    He  wuftai 
Chanticleer  10,  wii;  n 

the  MediteiTHnean,  uuui  wad'  ' 
in  I82fi.  He  nuirriL'd  in  1W7. 
dau.  of  Joseph  Wood,  enq.  €»f  H.i_>r«,  m^ 
dlesex,  and  .Manadon,  to.  Devooi  wbo  ii 
left  his  widow  with  »evenil  chiJdrm.  H* 
suddenly  dropped  down  dead  in  llic  Aof 
of  Mr.  Watt,  ironmonger, 

iMfi!/.  J.  N.  Mnclcod,  e*q.  Uifd  «! 
the  isle  of  Skye.  He  has  left  a  fsaiiJjr<^ 
three  sons  and  five  daughters 

Afay  3.  At  Forrra,  agnl  77.  .^Ir.  WiL 
liatn  Allan,  late  seereury  to  tiui  Cos* 
inercitd  Dock  Company,  iiimd— 

Iru.ano.— Aa^riy.  At  BiMMlMflihi; 
aged  100,  the  widow  of  Sir  Tllo»ii 
Blackall.  of  Dublin. 

The  Very  Rcr.  John  Coniia,  Dnai  «l 
the  Ruiuttii  Catholic  Chun-b,  mn4  Ut 
more  than  lifty  years  poriab jpnett  of  W«i> 
ford.  He  was  the  mMlu  «f  ptittil 
to  the  macsacre  on  tb«  bridge  cdT 
in  1798,  when  it  waa  tntendad  kjr 
insurgents  to  pur  to  death  ewa 
tant  they  luid  in  cu«todv  wbo 
join  them  They  had  Gnithed  iliel 
of  97  individuuls,  when  i-'athcr  Cairiii 
rushed  on  the  bridge,  and  at  the  liak  ef 
his  own  life  saved  those  on  tJiek  kMM 
ready  to  b<'  jiikcd,  and  prrvenlrd  ihm  im- 
ther  elTu«>io»i  <>•  tiinoi"<«n»  blood. 

EAht    '  Ac   fia«». 

a  boat,  i  ..'.<  t(MS  &■§> 

net  of  the  7tti  ^tuttf. 

Aleandir  Hart-,  c«a.  lurttMrly 

•e  .HBiyr—iain,  and  Coomuaneaar  te 

tbfl  island  of  Boctieo. 

n«e.  \^    0«  Wmd  the  EsoMMh,  tm 


J  835.]  Bill  of  MortalUjf. — Markett.— Price  of  Shares. 


h\»  imMSMf;e  to  the  Oipe,  Henry  MHIett, 
esq.  of  tlip  Bengal  Civil  Serviw. 

/Mtety.  At  Calcutta,  C«pi.  Bathir,  of 
Kensington,  nnd  liee.  , .  Mt  the  Nielgbjirry 
ItilU.  ntjcd  37,  William  Batliic.  Hurrister 
of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Miidras,  tons 
of  the  Ittte  Rev.  Dr.  Buthie,  of  Ham. 
mer^mitb. 

Jan.  5.  At  Negapatam,  in  the  Madras 
Civil  Service,  aged  H,  C.  Hobert,  sou 
of  K.  Keate.  esu.  of  AJbtftnarle-at. 

Jan,  ».  At  Calcutta,  aged  89,  Capt. 
George  Borradaile,  49th  Regiment  N.  I. 
Major  of  Brigade,  son  of  Thomas  Borra* 
duile,  esq.  late  of  Streatluun,  Surrey. 

Jait.  Tili.  At  CnU'utta,  aged  63,  Fran> 
een,  wife  of  Col.  Sir  Joseph  O^linlloran, 
C.B.  Bengal  Army. 


6/1 


JoH.  S4.  On  bo«rd  the  Hero  of  Ma]owl^ 
en  ht«  paasage  from  Bombay,  Major  Hunt. 

Abooad. — Frb.  3.  In  Pbiladelpbia, 
Lady  Oldrnixun,  after  a  reftidence  in 
America  of  upwards  of  35  years. 

March  10.  At  Maiiheitn,  Riebard 
RodiM  Atiluea,  e>q.  youngest  »on  of  the 
late  R.  S.  Miliums,  ew^.  uf  Fryston, 
Yorkahirc. 

March  21.  At  Bruges.  Edward  Hor- 
ton,  esq.  hue  of  Baker.ot.  I'ortmsn.aq. 

yiprU  18.  At  Philadelphia^  )lr.  A]. 
frea  Clare,  formerly  Fnnripal  of  the 
Will-office,  in  the  Bank  of  England. 

At  >ladriru,  aged  25,  Elizabeth,  only 
daughter  of  Ludv  Arthur  Somerxet,  and 
niece  to  the  Duke  of  Beaufort  and  ttie 
Eurl  of  Falmouth. 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY,  from  April  22  to  May  19,  1835. 


Christened. 
Males  10:^  ) 
Females  lUl  1  j 


stm 


Buried. 
Males         tt37  )  i.Lin 
Females     812  <  *^"^ 


Whereof  hate  died  stiU.bom  and  under 
two  years  old....... 478 


2  and     5  16H 

5  and  10     tfi> 

10  and  ^    03 

f 'J«0  and  31)  138 

(qf  30  and  U)  186 

40  and  50  148 


50  and 
tiO  and 
70  and 

80  and 


60  163 

7«)  185 

80  J09 

fW  55 


90  and  100   6 
105         1 


AVERAGE  PRICE  OF  CORN,  by  whirh  the  Duty  b  reguUted,  May  18. 


Barlev. 
31     8 


Outs. 
«.  d. 
83    H 


Rye. 
31      0 


Beans. 
«.  d. 
36  11 


Peaa. 
*.  d, 
36    7 


PRICE  OF  HOPS,  per  ewt.  May  85, 


Fambam  (fiite) ... 


4^.  iOi.  to 
(H.  Oi.  to 
W.  Oi.  to 
.IL   lOf.  to 


C/. 
0/. 
0/. 
8/. 


Ot. 
0*. 
Us. 
10*. 


Fambam  (^conds)  OL 

Kent  P(M:kets 5/. 

Sussex 4/. 

Essex U. 


Ot.  to 

Or.  to 

4i.  to 

lOf.  to 


OL  Of. 
7/.  7». 
5/.  7*. 
«.  I0<. 


PRICE  OF  liA  Y  AND  STRAW,  May  2.3. 

Smith6cld.  Hay, M.  15«.  to 5/.  5. — Straw,  U.  18*. to 8/. 5*.— Clover, U.  \U,X»bl.  15#. 

SMITHFIELD,  Msy  85,     To  wnk  the  Offal^per  stone  of  Kb*. 

Lamb  5#.  Od,  to  6».  W. 

Head  of  C«tt]e  at  Market,  May  85. 

Beaata 2,438     C^lvca  167 

Sheep  &Lunbs  88,404     Pigs     373 


Beef. 8«. 

Mutton 8#. 

Vd 3.. 

Pork a*. 


(y. 

to  4*. 

Orf 

id. 

to  St. 

lOd. 

id. 

to  44. 

8d. 

Od. 

to  4i. 

Od 

COAL  MARKET,  May  25. 

Walls  Ends,  from  18*.  Od.  to  80/.  Od.  per  ton.     Other  sort«  from  15*.  6d.  to  Its.  34, 

TALLOW,  per  cwt— Town  Tallow,  iO«.  Gd.     Yellow  Russia,  S(k  (U. 

SOAP.— Yellow,  Mt.     Mottled,  68*.  Curd,      #. 

CANDLES,  (it.  Od.  per  dox.     Moulds,  St.Od. 

PRICES  OF  SHARES. 

At  the  Office  of  WOLFE,  BaoTiiEaa,  Stock  and  Share  Brdters, 

23,  Change  Alley,  Comhill. 

Birmin^'lmm  Canal,    HI. ElloMmere   aikd  Chc&ter,  88 Grand   JunctioBt 

1. Kennet  and  Avon.  81^. Leed«  and  Livrq»ool,  533. Regent'*,  16j. 

'(,   184 -London   Dock  Stock,  58. St.  Katbarine's  69j. Weat 

— Liverpool  ui»d    Mancbetter  Railway.  199. Grand  Junetton  Water 

.—J. — —West  MiddleAex,  78.— Globe  Innunuice,  15.5^. Guardian,  33j. 

»»o«.  6- <;:h«rtered  Gas  Light,  46^. Imperial  Gac,  <13. Phoenix  Gu», 

•dependent  Gas,  50. United  Genera),  48 j Canada  Land  Com. 

-Reversionary  luterest,  134. 

For  Prices  of  all  otbar  Sharea  inouii^  aa  a^aoH*.. 


MM 

1! — 9l« 

4 911 

5«174!j>14 
6^174914 

7irl74yi4 

Jl -^!')  ;91| 

i.3.'iJioi)i  noim 

If. -^163  91       49i^       i 

2021 H  9'     4'*^4    '^ 

^  4  91*     4 

Mksoi  i»ij  i 


im 

im 
I'm 
im 

nm  It 

4112     4 


99 

9bi 
99  I 


9^1 

9Hi 
981 
984 


96J 
ml 
9Wi 

»4 
98| 


9941O0J 
99  {10(»4 
994'!OOi 
99  1(.)04 
98i  11x4 
99  lOOi 
98}  IUO4 
9»4,100 
9H|994 


4 

i 

t 

i 

i' 
i 
i 
i 
i 
100 


*jy4  99iia)i 
9Hj  i(N>  ni>i 

yhi  iuL>4i(x> 
9h|uhjj  4 
<ft»iilou4    4 

iM|;IUO  4 
1M4ilOO  9941 
9«|994  I 
984100  99i 
9Hi'lU0  99f 
98499}  lOU 
994994       i 


I6|'  904 
17  I  90i 

17  

17  

17  1 

17  

165^— 

164  )^9jl  904 

17  - 

I6i- 

I6i'- 

lOi- 

16i^ 

164. 


19  pm. 

19  pm. 
17  lopni. 

lU  pm. 

16  pm. 
1*13 


17 

Ifii 

16 

16 

16, 

m 

164 


904 


OB4 


261 
^1 

2614  i^lli'' 

2614: 

262  112  11pm. 
r2l4|r: 
1311  1 
13  10]  II 

9  1 1  pm. 
911  pm. 

II    9  pm. 
Id  8  pm. 

911pm. 

9  1 1  pm. 

9 II  pm. 

910  pm. 

10  8pm. 
9  5| 


2594 


8fi94 


2d94 
260 


260 
2J04 

257  I 


2.W  I 
^2J7ii 


35  a6pm.\ 
35  »i 

:»  aspm. 

3«  .Vpm. 

M  RSpm. 

■  >** 

iil  Hfm. 

32  31p«. 

""  -»pim. 

-  ^^m. 

2^7  ittipn. 
2li  >r7p». 

27  aSpoi- 
9H  26  pn. 
2t«  26pm. 

28  86  pa. 
28  ?7)Ma. 
27  26  pa. 
27  Wljia. 

pa. 

-  -  1 1^  pob 


1 


South  Scft  Stock,  May  II.  1034. 
J.  J.  AftNULL,  Stock  Broker.  ].  Bulk  Building,  <  ornmir. 


J.  »,   mCBOL* 


'i^  vmvAKWVtrt  vt^.'UR.- 


(VIX^^I 


INDEX 

TO    ESSAYS,    DISSERTATIONS,    AND    HISTORICAL    PASSAGES. 


Th€ prineipal  Mem&irs  m  lAf  Obituary  are  di$iinetty  tntertd  in 
Ike  "  Imdex  to  the  Etta^i." 


Adams,  U.-Crn.  mrmoir  of  543 
yfjfrira,  product iuntuf  )  1 9.  aridity  of  ISO 
AU'haletie  iMtert,  cb««i6cAtian  of  41 
AtbemttrU,  Keuralofy  of  the  Earit  648 
America,   A'oith,    Pre«id«iirs    meti^ce 

MS.   indeiniitiy  cl4in«  on  Ftaiicc  209, 

3J5.     iioFtt  ui  S87 
Anatomy  of  Esprettion,  Btir«  Evmv  on 

571,  572 
Angela,  Michael,  on  Duppa**  Life  of  IS 
Anglo  Sarom  Lileralure,  coi»tro¥ersy  on 

4S,  Ib'T 
Annualt,  Tlie  7 1 
Antufuartet,  Swety  qf,  mretiiigt  of  Bl, 

I97»  303,  419.  636'.  646.      rrport  uf 

646.     of  N^wcMtle  4?0 
Archery,  at  Harrow  Schoul  l4o 
ArchitectSf  uncertainty  of  their  lurvrvi 

291 
Archileelmral  Antiquitiet,  (•'cturra  on  596 
Archilectnre,  hitiurical  accuuiK  of  ti(.9 

/lIonHmentalt  of  Great  Kritaiii  S5ti 

Armstrong,  Lt.Gtn.  merouir  of  388 
Asia  Atinor,  Aniiquarian  Reiearcbet  in 

304 
Asiatic  Society,  ini>e(ing«  of  194, 46.5,  C44 
A'tronomical  Society,  meecin^t  of  77 
Athens,  letter  writ  ten  from,  in  1675,366 
Altar  of  Roses,  ancient  ciinmerce  in  60" 
Austin,  Lady,  notrce§  of  563 
Austria,    Emperor  of,    death   of   536. 

meniiiir  of  655 
A^vres,  dearriptive  notioet  of  29i 
Bainei'i  *'  History  of  Laiiciuliifr,"  erron 

In  595 
Balloons,  biitory  of  49 
Jtanhri,  Henry,  memoir  uf  MS 
Jiaofmb  tree,  r%ir»oT6in»ry  i[rom\h  of  118 
Barhra  Orbiama,  Gr*-ek  Coin  of  26 
Barclay,  the  Quaker,  character  of  MO 
Barrt,  Matthew,  bto^rapUical  noiicM  of 

963 

BtWeat,  e--' -  '1  of  e?l 

JBtHard,  (  r  of  6(!l 

Bmt  Ckurr  -,  rrpain  of  633 

Beetle,  ancleiik  comrorree  In  615 
Belgium,   notice*  of  65.      incr«u«  of 

taset  In  SO  I 
Belgrave   tnsMution,   Irctam   at    3' ' 
rport  oil  644 
r,  »ptanation  of  the  (rno  39V 
proeestion  of  St.  John  at  Uc 
,  Ceowttatu*  of  193 
|M»rr,  Sir  Rich,  wrilinpof  Bl 
vood,  H^m.  memuir  of  310 
•Str  G.  memoir  of  93 
\,  Captam,  memoir  of  Sit 
r.  Mao  Vol   111 


Boietdieu,  Adriem,  iDeiaoir  of  314 
Bolton,  CO.  Lancatier,  noticei  of  59B 
A«rtf«^4«,  hitloricat  notice*  of  339 
Boicaicen,  Mrs.  anec«1oiei  of  10 
Botany,  pr'ic*  for  77 
Bourne^  Vincent,  on  the  Latin  poetry  of 

564 
Bf amber,  Suues,  ancient  atate  of  )36 
Bray,  Sir  Reginald,  notieec  of  181 
Bremer,  Capt.  mrnoir  of  661 
Britain,  ancieikt  It  story  uf  507 
Bntith  Mustum,  tucrea«e  of  vi»itara  to 

GA'J 
Biemkead,  Rev.  E.  mem»ir  of  399,  33)1 
Britsioltnt's  aiaiue*  of  Rvformer*  191 
Brydges,  Sir  E.  autobiosraphy  itf  337- 

Bnnyan,  rharacier  of  339 
Burmng  in  Ejffigy,  origin  of  43 
Butters   ••  H..rB  Subiecive,"   critique 

on  130 
Cedmon,  edition  of  1 14 
Carrlran,  RumAn  loacriptioni  at  600 
Caffres,  irruption  uf  at  the  Cape  651 
Catvtn,  italue  ol  l.^il 
Cambtrwell    Collegiate  School,    o^ieoirtg 

of  537 
Cambridge  University,  priie  eaaayt77« 

195,533 
Canning,  Rt.  Hon.  G.  churacter  of  465 
Canoe,  British,  found  at  North  Stoke  81 
Qipe  of  Good  Hope,  irruption  of  theCaf- 

fret  at  65 1 
Caracalin,  Gnrk.  coin  of  369 
Carrw,  Rt.  Hon.  R.  P.  memoir  of  SIB 
Carey,  Rev.  Dr.  H'.  memoir  of  545 
Casket*,  anaent,  in  ivury  and  «4M>d  198 
Cavenduh,  arm*  aitd  farody  ol  61 1 
Cemetery,  ancient,  fnond  al  Perton  305 
Cervantes,  natue  of  593 


Chalmers,  Alee,  ii 
Chapel  Plaster,  \\ 

Char/.-T  ','    '  - 
Chat     i 


:o7 

ntuf  143 
lerivation  of  5.<)9 
trkable  acpulehr^l 

• '  Ml  nr 

•.»     XI'  ll 


ImdtM  i4  EsMjft,  kc. 


§74 

iBTMtiptinc  tbt  rtTMHM*  of  S19.  r^ 

port  on  49b 
Ckmrtk  •/  Inlmmd,  mttilt  for  appropri. 

Minx  the  turplus  rcvtnoM  irf  US 
t%»cm»ahi$,  ttaiiM  of  MS 
Onermiy  Vntt  found  BMr  ValosdcnaM 

89 
amrk*t  Ain.  jhUkmigt  meaioir  of  544 
—-'  H*v.  Dr.  J.  S.  nmoir  of  398 
Orryy,  fee  un  licence  tut  ■o«-reudenc« 

114 
CUitdm   Qmrt,  SomerMt,  dttcriptloo 

of3&9 
Obw  Aef/fofKinK  John,  publiealioa  01177 
(MAmw,  Ltrd,  Knerdote  of  10 
GwAktm,  Sir  W.  mesioir  of  6iT 
O^A/m,  U.-Gen.  mrmulrufSSI 
cSm  Imperial  Grerk,  not  publiabedSS, 

369-  Eiif li«h,  ftHind  at  Briiikburn  490. 

of  Hrnry  IV.  493.    of  CMTa,  found  at 

Kempaton  495.    Riimaii,  found  iu  the 

Loire  598.    exhibited  at  tlie  Society 

<if  Antiquaries  647 
CoUma,  kwnpttm^ di«qoi»ilion  on  IIS 
Cmutt  calcuUted  by  Htilley  to  appear  in 

1835.643 
.    OMNMMfKJ,  Greek  rnin  of  374 

Cammomt,  House  cf,  alphabetical  liit  of 

the  members  of  313 
Comgrwe,  ff^m.  letleraof  609 
CmstabU,  Sir  A/amuuluke,  yenealof  ieal 

notices  I. 50 
C^uiitnliMtf  British,  remarka  on  ibe 

570, 571 
€3Mper,  Rtv.  Sir  ff^.  H.  memoir  of  393 
Ctrnwall,  literary  instil iitions  in  643 
Cmrpvrations,  Ahinieipat,  bistori<*«|  no- 
tice* of  169,  339.     report  of  the  Cum- 

mistioners  on  538 
Csttage  Allotment  Sjfstem,  success  of  65  i 
Cottim's  Matbilde,  critique  on  16 
Cowper,  ff^M.  b{uf(raphic«l  notices  of  563. 

bis  version  of  Homer  566 
Crmwlejf,  Adm.  G.  memoir  of  391 
CitM-Sin^-Afoett, hostilities  with  tbe  Chi- 
nese «i  966, 31 1 
OsmberUsntTs  Odes,  not  ires  of  8 
Curran,  eloquence  of  198 
CVrtmry,  disquilitiuns  un  the  38Qj  5*1, 

606 
Cturteis,  E.  J.  memoir  of  54.1 
Ctittia,  Capt.  T.  memoir  of  393 
Omer,  Baron,  memoirs  of  451,  463 
Danube,  navigated  by  steam  310 
DamUjf,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  439 
Debt,  bill  for  abolishing  imprisonment 

fur  494 
DevoHthire,  literary  institutions  in  648 
Disraeli,  I.  literary  iiutices  ul  573 
Dissection,  prestrratioii  uf  subjects  for 

646 
Di«<ent,  cTils  of  169. 996 
Dissenters,  hostile  spirit  of  the  981.    re- 
marks on  983.    bUi  fur  altering  the 

Marrlftfo  eercnony  ot  41^ 


JWai—  fVsridmw,  rcmnrka  ob  ST 
i)ixweU,  Ota.  ■aoooment  of  in  Chaichr 

over  ehurf-b  957 
Donne,  Dr.  fjamily  of  610 
Donna  Hmrim,  qaeen  of  Portogml,  aar- 

riane  of  SIP 
Dover,  liaison  Dievi'  to   be   node  tbe 

town  fajiil  311 
Onftnl  Ceme,  WtUt,    MonsMcats  of 

Ibe  Lonf  TaiaiW  at  589 
Dmry,  Rev.  Dr.  biographical  ihetd  of 

946 
l>«iid!a«,  Rear'Jim.  Meoaotr  of  SI9 
Dunstamntie,  Lmni  ie,  aenoir  of  fiS5 
Dunster,  Ken.  C.  version  of  Huoicr  5^ 
Dnnwich,  Ktnc  Jubn'a  charter  to  S4l 
Dmyri,  Rev.  Dr.  memoir  of  S88 
DufUftren,  it.  memoir  of  553 
Dsier,  Jokn,  letter  to  Dodsliej  47 
Eastburp,  Eaaex,  notices  of  65 
Eelectie  Sacietp,  meeiinf  of  77 
Edmonstone,  R.  meaMur  of  SI3 
Education f  on  the  probable  reaults  of  195 
Edward  It.  historical  noticea  of  646 
Egppt,  intelligence  from  &36 
EUkam  Palace,  vaults  at  396 
Engineers,  Civil,  mectinf  uf  416 
England,  ancient  rustoaaa  of  129 
English  Literature,  Dorthcm  pcofenor- 

tbips  of  77 
English  Phrases,  archatology  of  64 
Erasmus,  statue  of  191 
Erskine,  Lord,  eloquence  of  574 
Eustace  the  Monk,  romance  of  3 1 
Evesham,  historical  notices  uf  509 
Exeter,  church  uf  St.  Edmund  draeribcd 

149 
Faceti*,  Poetical  969,  480 
Fcarn,  Mr.  anectlotes  of  131,  139 
Fish,  ptiysiologiral  structure  ol  411 
FttzGerald,  Rt.  Hon.  J.  tnemmr   of  31t 
Filxwilliam  Mnseum,  Cambridge  oMdel 

of  418 
Flower,  Sir  C.  memoir  of  906 
Fontaine.  Constantino,  srulptnre  of  192 
Fissil  Remains,  found  in  tbe  Polar  re- 
gions 194 
JVr,  Rt.  Hon.  C  letters  to  Mr.  O'Briea 
48.     oratoryof  131,  133.  biographical 
notices  of  350, 354 
France,  intelligence  from  901,  535,  650. 
discussions  on  tbe  Amerieaii  indeianiiy 
claims  901,  635.     royal  printing  oflke 
of  309.'    first  adoption  of  tbe  omnibus 
in  478.    trial  of  tbe  state  prisonefa  b7 
the  Peers  650 
Frank,  Rev.  E.  memoir  of  103 
Freeman,  Gen.  memoir  of  660 
Gaxnettf  Henry,  biugrapbical  notices  of 

959 
Garrick,  anecdotes  of  7 
Genesis,  remarks  on  631 
CenttM,  Isaac,  statue  uf  199 
Geographical  Societp,  meeiinn  otTl 
G««l«gvcoV  Socvtt^  ..^neetings  9I  ^JjkfyJlPl 


Inies  to  Stwft,  i^ 


en 


Ctrmam  Lemguagtt  remarkt  on  $19 
Ctrman  UiiivertUietf  number  of  S96 
G«rmaiiy,  ifitelK^enc«  from  SIO 
Gentndetuit,  Motet,  ttatoe  of  198 
Geta,  Greek  euin  of  870 
Giipm'i  <*Tuur  in  Wale*"  eritioMM 

197.    "  Tour  in  SeotUnd  "  ISt 
Globe,  on  the  reroluliunt  of  tbt  6SI 
GlomresUr,  Duke  of,  memoir  of  Ml 
Gif/plotheea  at  MuDieb,  Aneriptioo  of 

l&7>  360 
GotMpMm,  Lord,  ebaracter  of  23 
GomtmVe  **  Woyge  to  England"  cri- 
tique on  198 
GonNantu  III.  Greek  coin  of  374 
Gordiut  and  ■  T\rafiqmllima,  Greek  coin 

of  97 
Cower,  John,  will  of,  anno  1408, 49 
GrastfSea,  of  the  Atlantic,  described  1 16 
'  Graf,  TVke.  memoir  of  668 
Greek  Cbhu,  imperial,  not  published  25. 

869 
Green,  'Tko.  literary  diary  of  IS,  I97> 

350, 570 
GreenUtndi  Norwegian  rolwny  in  195    ' 
Grothu,  characters  of  358 
Gmipefwier  Plot,  .historical  partieolan 

of  950 
Gwent  and  DyJ^d,  rastks  of  943,  489 
HtAmgton,  IUr$.  biocraphical  notices  of 

957 
•Hadfimn,  medals  of  1 79-     Greek  coin  of 

373.    deified  head  of  fuund   in   the 

Thames  618 
Halifax,  George  Earl  of ,  character  of  91 
Hamilton,  Capt.  G.  ^  memoir  uf  97 
Hanttet,  Sir.  E.  notices  of  611 
Harding,  John,  death  and  character  598 
HardWiche,  Earltf,  memoir  of  905 
JOartequin  Steam  Packet,  injured  by  fire 

909 
Hmrrew  School,  archery  at  145 
Hftrilepoot,  Runic  stones  fuund  at  64T 
Huwet,  Mrt,  L.  death  and  retersiunary 

legacies  of  Iter  uncle  333 
MsalA,  Jamee,  memoir  of  913 
Hobv't  IMrdry;  sale  uf  79>  195 
Hetrm,  on  the  ancient  commerce   of 

India  613 
Henrjf  Frederick  of  Nassau,  character 

oflMI 
Ifenrf  Jll.  coins  of  499 
Henuktr,  Gm,  Sir  H.  memoir  of  391 
HickM,  Sir  W.  memoir  of  906 
Hietor^f  coiueideuces    in    ancient  and 

modern  58 
Hoare,  Prince,  memoir  of  661 
Hoby  Mttnutcripti,  reading  of  the  303 
Holkham  Manuieripts,  on  Roscoe's  Es- 
say on  46 
Holland^  navy  of  536 
H^jf  Onu,  glide  of,  at  Siratford-oo- 

Avon  163,375 
Homei't  itiad,  Cowper'a  «ud  Dunster's 

veniuBS  of  566 


Harmdtf  ifrist.  I.  %i\.  40.  amendi>d'63i 
Htfhmdhtrat  Society,  report  oujS4S 
IBmHH,  paintings  at  490'  ' 

UtuHtrae,  on  a  qootauon  from  338,  468 
Humane  Society,  annlrersaiy  of  638 
.  Hunt,  Henry,  memoir  of  545 
Hutelmuon'e  Memoirt,  critique  on  l6 
A<Aa,  steam  navigation  with  311,  419. 
remarks  on  398.    un  the  ancient  coui- 
merceof  613 
Indian  Ocean,  peculiarities  of  the  |99 
Inquititim,  number  of  victims  sacriA<' 

by  646 
Interlinear  TmntlatloH,  Mtnci  of  1 90 
Ireland,  domesiie  espeiices  in,    temp. 
•  Cbaries  11.  168.     Protestant  ClerKy  & 
Catholic  Priests  186.     range  uf  basal- 
tic columns  found  in  31 1,     bill  for  re- 
lief of  the  poor  in  531.    motion  for 
appropriating  the  surplus  revenues  vf 
the  church  539 
Irving,  Rev.  Edw.  memoir  of  664 
Italy,  inteYiigence  from  .'»36 
Ivory  Cathete,  dhsertatfdn- on  198 
Jacfuard,  At.  death  of  998 
Jeffreys,  Sir  Geo.  character  of  93 
Jordan,  J.  S.  death  and  ebaracter  334 
Jerusalem,  panorama  of  599^ 
John,  IDmg,  Close  Rolls' of  577.    histd- 
rical  notices  of  the  reign  uf  580.  writs 
of  581-587 
Johnson,  Dr.  S.  anecdotes  of  5,  6.    let- 
ter to  Dr.  Parmer  47 

Gen.  Sir  H.  memoir  of  b'.>9 

Jolliffe,  fFm.  death  and  cbaranif  r  939" 
Joumalt  ^ Europe,  xwrnhei  of  as  cum- 

pared  with  pupulatiun  596 
Judat  Lii,Kt,  origin  of  43 
Kempe,  tdr$.  Ann,  memoir  of  545 
Kent,  Sir  C  E.  memoir  of  906 
Keppel,  Ri.  Hon.  Sir  tV.  memoir  of  319 
Kinf^ 9  College,  London,  rtport  on  644  - 
Kingston,  Duekusi^,  trial  ul  9 
Kliots,  Dr.  sale  of  his  library,  417,  488, 

569 
Labourers,  Jgrkvltural,  employment  of 

651.    riotiuf659 
La  Chaise,  panorama  of  cemetery  of  74 
Lady  Ckeipel,  report  respecting  the  re- 
storation uf  83 
Lamb,  Cha.  memoir  of  395 
Lancashire,  Baines's  history  of  595 
Latin  Grammars,  by  Valpy  and  Grant 

450, 569 
l,.eedt,  new  workhouse  at  659 
I^ighton,  Lt.-CoLF.  K.  memoir  of  94 
Leuehtmberg,  Duke  of,  death  uf  535 
Ldber  Feodorum,  publicatiuu  of  36 

Niger  35 

Hubeus  33 

Linley,  fVm.  death  of  574.     recollfctiona 

of  ib.    lines  on  by  Mr.  Buwles  576 
Literary  Characters,  memorials  of  47, 
b'09 


Index  lo  Ena^s,  ifc. 


¥ 


.   ImtitMliont,    PruYincial   114.      in 

the  West  of  England  643 

PenticTU,  Rranled  by  Sir  R.  Peel  523 

LUeratuie,  iliafy  of  «  Lover  of  15,  I2T> 

350,  570 
jMgan,  Alex,  meniwir  of  435 
Lombard  Slj/(e  o/  Architecture,  origin  of 

624 
Z/oiu/iniAna  491 1  618 
London,  roudem  architecture  of  3.     im- 

proveroe»(«   in  4'26.     plates    illuiirA- 

five  of  ail 
London  Unwersitjf,  mw\\t\f:  of  tbe  pro- 
prietor* 4I5>      motinn  fur  a  charter 

of  in  corporal  ion  (o  331,  533 
Long  famtly,  of    Draycot  Cerne,  4r. 

munumentt  of  588 
Jjonget'iti/ ,  iiislaiiceft  of  570 
Louit  the  Bastard,  Real  uf  419 
LouxM  A77.  »la(ue  of  b'i% 
Lowtht  tip,  on  the  merauirs  nnrl  reroains 

ul  155,  276.     on  the  MS.  Sifrm«iis  uf 

385.     cUarart«r  of  vindicated  388 
jMciut  f'Wui,  Greek  coin  of  S6 
Luther,  statue  of  191 
Mactutej/,  Atfi.  cliaracter  of  1 1 
lU'Creagh,  Cot.  Sir  M.  metnair  of  94 
Mackenzie,  Sir  A.  Al  tnemwir  of  659 
Macktntiuhy  Sir  J.  Iitiiiorical  charactera 

of  19,  239,  356,463 
Maci'inut,  Greek  cuiri  of  375 
Magnolieut  notices  of  389,  S9€,  450 
AJait  Tax,  Parlijiiiicntary  disruiuon  on 

Malthtu,  Rev  T.  ft.  memoir  of  324 
AJulrern  Priory,  not  ires  of  181 
Manu/aitures,  jTu^perity  of  tfSl 
Marjonbanki,  Sir  ff.  memoir  of  3S0 
Afarkenjield  fami/p,  noiicet  of  45U,  563 
A/nrkett,  pricei  uf  1 1 1,  SS3,335, 447,559 

672 
Marriage,  bill  for  alierini;  the  ceremony 

of  4^4,  532.     poetical  faeelis  on  483 
Marytebone   Literary  Institution,  upeu- 

iii|;  of  416 
Mary  d'Este,  Queen  of  James  II.   cba- 

racer  of  24 
Afaurice,  Prince,  chancier  of  242 
JUedais,  Ki'tnaa,  hiilorjcat  notices  uf  179. 

Gaulifili,  found  itesr  Valenciennes  304 
Alelancthan,  «a!e  uf  init  MSS.  417,488, 

562.     cLaracier  and  wri(»n|r<  uf  488 
Aleteorolagical  Dtary  J  li,  224,  335.  44B, 

560,  672 
AJichcl,    Af,   F.  collectiona   of  Norms d 

Freiicb  poets  £8 
AJicytiuM,  character  and  wriilH{8  of  38^, 

485 
Atttitary,  *<  renfth  of  tbe  6SS 
Mill,  SirChn.  ni«-ra.»ir  of  657 
Atiniitry,  re^iKnunun  of  tbe  534 
Attnort,  Sir  Roger,  oiununicnt  of  in  Duf- 

firld  f '••iirrli  *iiS 
Alontk,  J^H  UethtUfy,  uten.uif  of  13? 


Montagu,  Mrs.  anecdolea  of  0 
Alonlreuir*  lut  f^'iolette.  eritiqjae  oi  fl 
Atonuntental  ^rchU^Hmre  omM  StmJplaot 

of  Greiit  Britain  S&6 
Atore.  Mirt.  Hunnah,  Ufe  ami  eorieif—- 

dence  of  3-15 
Morrittm,  Rev.  Dr.  memoir  ol  43S.    fa- 

neral  serniuns  on  507 
Mortality,  bill  of  It  I,  3S3»  335,447,&59 

67  1 
Atortar,  belonging  to  St.  Blary'f  AUkj, 

York  527 
AJotn,  picture  or52t2 
AJulgrave,  Lord,  public  entry  into  D«tb> 

lin  651 
Afunich,  Glyptolbeca   al  described   ISTi 

360 
Alurder,  by  Patrick  Carrult  «&3 
Murray,  Cm.  J.  P.  meniotr  of  6fiO 
Napier,  Lord,  dispute*  ititb  tbe  Cbtncvc 

267.     (leath  of  369.      niemuir  uf  49» 
Navigation,  aniunK  1  be  jinrienis  llS 
Nelson,  Earl,  memoir  uf  541 
A'eir  South  ff^aleo,  ifc.  mnarka  os«  394 
Newcattle    casttCf   cu.     Gianiurgaot  ^ 

•cripiion  uf  459 
AreiP<j»afer«,peiiiioa  forabolisbingstMPp 

duties  on  649 
Nicholas,  Pope,  taattiun  of  133 
Nonarum  Inquititionet,  account  ot  I3i 
Norman  Arthtteclure,  specinsesss  of  69S 
Norman  French  Poetrjf,  di»qoiaitJ<Hl  •• 

28 
Ciffa,  dyke  of  490.     tceatta  of.  IouhAA 

Krroption  495 
Ogmore  Cattle,  account  of  SIS 
OmnifrKj,  pArisian,  uf  the  17ib 

475 

Opium,  ancient  commerce  to  61S 
Oresle,  privileire  of  326 
Ovidian  Diitieh,  reroarka  on  tlieg^ 
Oxford,  St.  Ebbe't  Cburch  at  A96 
OJcf'ord  Univertily,  profe«cura  of  Angl^ 
Saxon  al  168.     propu«al  to  aboli»h  iW 
subscription   to  tbe  tbirty-nine    an^ 
cles  645 
Paintings,  Flemish,  discovery  of  74 
Patty's  Tracts,  crti'u\ur  on  17 
Palm  Trees,  origin  ul  122 
Palmer,  Adm.  G.  memoir  of  391 

Capt,  E.  memoir  of  96 

Pantheon  /jaiaar,  descipiion  of  44 
Paper  Currenry,  remarks  on  380,  6M 
Papier  fliacht,  useful  applkatiosi  of  44 
Park,  Tho.  memoir  of  663 
Parker,  Sir  P.  memoir  of  6&8 
Parliament,  opening   uf    308.     pailltai 
cbambrr  and  old    court    of    m|tt*«is 
fitted    up    iot  312.     rt«t  of    tb«    tte* 
Hoose  of  Commons  313.    prococdk^ 
ul  422,  ri36.  649 
Parr,  Dr.  literary  nolicet  of  131,  Ul, 

ZM,  351 
Pat-emtnt  Tdcs,'\n  cburcbet,  notti 


i 

I 


I 


nwat 


indes  to  E$$ay»f  Sfc. 


677 


Peel,  Sir  R.  letter  to  on  the  carreney 
380,  606.    grantt  pensions  to  literary 
men  593 
Peer$,  Re/iretemtatwe,  of  Seoi  land  3 1 5 
Penn,  fFm.  character  of  940 
Perqf  Familp,  of  Northumberland,  no- 

licft  of  69 
Persia,  contest  for   the  throne  termi- 
nated 311.  rebellion  in  suppressed  650 
Ptntgino,  painting  by  discovered  SM 
Pkitippue  C«$ar,  Gnmk  coins  of  370, 

371,372,373 
Pi{foUt  Copt,  memoir  of  3SS 
Plaeita  de  Quo  ffttrranto,  account  of  38 
Ptants,  Esetie,  in  Chitwii-lc  garden  637 
Plautitta,  Gnrk  coin  of  27 
Poetical  Faeetim,  old  English  269,  480 
Pointed  Arch,  origin  of  625 
Potior  Seas,  remarks  on  117 
Pompeti,  discoveries  at  82,  305 
Port  Dues  on  ships  driven  into  harbour 

abolished  42S 

Portmore,  Earl  tf,  memuir  of  54 1 

Portugal,   abolition  of  tithes    in  801. 

miMrrtage  of  the  Queen  310.    death  of 

Dom  Augastuf  prince  of  Portugal  535 

Past  Office,  rrguiations  for  delivery  of 

letters 
Price,  Sir  Rose,  memoir  of  320 
Pringle,  Tho.  memuir  of  326 
Printing  Office,  R^ial,  of  France  303 
Prison  Discipline,  rrpirt  on  649 
Privjf  THtkes,  explanation  of  338 
Proverbs,  English^  origin  of  64 
Raleigh,  Sir  ffTilter,  residence  of  186 
Ratkcormae,  riot  and  loss  of  life  at  202 
Reading,  ancient  state  of  136 
Record  (jaUndars,  erron  of  2 
Record  Commission ;  Teaia  de  Nevill  34. 
Litter  Niger  35.   liber  Rubens  ib.   LU 
her  Peodorum  36.    Rutnli  Hmidredu- 
rom  38.     Plaeita  de  Quo  Warranto  it. 
Taaatio  P.  Nicholai   l.'tS.     Nunarum 
Inquisitiones  135.    Valor  Ecelesiasii- 
ctts  137.    Rotuii  Scotia  142.    Close 
Rolls  of  King  John  577 
Reformers,  statues  of  191 
Revelation,  on  the  cycles  of  57 
Revenue,  st»te  of  538 
Robertson,  Dr.  character  of  358 
Rochester,  Lawrence  Earl  of,  character 

of  20 
Roman  JntiquUiaSf  found  in  Southwark, 

&c  82.303,493 
Roman  Station  at  Cacrleoa  600 
Romans,  legend  of  their  naval  •rigin  178 
Aom«,'census  of  536 
Rotuii  Hundredorum,  account  of  38 

< Scotiet,  account  of  142 

Reyal  Academy,  anniversary  of  73.  Wett- 

macott's  lectures  at  298 
Roffol  Institution,  lectures  at  643 
R^fcd  Society,  meetings  of  75,  194,  300, 
414,  623,  648 


Royal  Society  of  Literature,  transactions 
of  45.     meetings  of  77,  194,  301,  644 
Russell  Institution,  ■  lect  ures  at  30 1 
Sabbath,  bill  for  the  observance  of  531, 

649 
SatBer,  Sir  Ralph,  family  of  260.  act 
for  the  legii  imation  of  bis  rbildren  263 
St.  Jsaph,  notices  of  the  Red  Book  of  70 
5r.  Ebb^s  Church,  Oxford,  described  496 
St.  Edmunds  church,  Exeter,  account  of 

148 
St.  Evremond,  Des  Maiseau's  Life  of  1 29 
St.  John,  ^  Beverley t  procession  of  150 
St.  Katherine's  Docks,  Increase  of  trade 

in  202 
St.  Mary  Overy  Priory,  remains  of  de- 
stroyed 493 
St.  Saviour's  Chwreht  architecture  of  2. 
restoration  of  the  nave  proposed  83, 
536.    crypt  at  602 
Saloninus,  Greek  coin  of  373 
Sarcophagus,  discovered  in  Crete  648 
Saturday  Magazine,  circulation  of  83 
Scarborough,  Earl  of,  memoir  of  541 
Scott,  Rev.  J.  memoir  of  103 
Scottish  Guard  of  the  Kings  of  France, 

account  of  wanted  460 
Sculpture,  monumental  of  Great  Britain 

256.    Wratmaeott's  lectures  on  298 
Sedlejy,  Cath.  character  of  24 
Sqttimius  Severus,  Greek  coin  of  370 
Sqmlchral  Monuments,  specimens  of  626 
Severus,  Alexander,  Greek  coins  of  27, 

369.371,374 
Shah^fcarei  early  editions  of  302 
Shares,  prices  ol  111,  223,  335, 447, 559 

671 
Shmsl-wool,  ancient  commerce  in  617 
Skegieldt  riot  at  312 
Slur\fist  list  of  fvr  1835,  315 
Shipwreck,  new  mode  of  affording  as- 

sistance  to  312 
5imeN,  MemnOf  statue  of  192 
Slavery,  motion  for  abolisbing  rejected 

in  the  French  chamber  650 
Smith,  F.  fV.  memuir  of  327 
——  Mrs.  Julia,  memoir  of  21 1 
—  Sir  Tho.  monument  of  in  Asbford 

churrh  257 
Soane,  Sir  J,  testimonial  in  honour  of 

524 
Soult,  Marshal,  pictures  of  sold  522 
Southwold,  on  the  municipal  history  of 

348 
Spain,  civil   war  in   310,  535.    public 
press  in  418.  Lord  Eliot's  negociatioiis 
with  the  belligerenu  535,  6a0.    con- 
vents in  to  be  abolitbed  650 
Spencer,  Earl,  memoir  of  89 

ff^.  R.  memuir  of  98 

Staffford,   Parliamentary   writ   to,  tm^. 

pended  649 
Stopyllon,  Maj.-Gen.  memoir  of  320 
State  Papers,  temp.  Henry  VIll.  &14 


«76 


I$du  to  Emajf9t  itc. 


,  AaiMiMi  5Mi4H  "Met  iogt  of  76,  4 1  ft 
Stmtm  Cturriaf€$  Qtk  oonaoa  road*,  r«- 

^ft  en  64& 
Am<  P«m»  (*••(  eooauMplioo  of  S94 
'  SUteiUt  EiwarJ,  awaoir  of  433 
Sitvtmmmf  MmUktm^  rneon  of  S77 
Madu,  prices  of  1 19,  8i4,  335, 448,  S60, 

673 
Slrmtf0rd.mt-/t9m,  GiMe  of  Holj  Crou 

>t  i€a,37A 
Amdtrlamd,  Rth.  Ear!  o/,eb«rMtar  of  19 
Sm^^,  estimatr*  agreed  to  531 
'Sttrtmi  iSMicfy,  propoied  fttbUeoUont  of. 

Swifttrland,  intelli|^nee  from  SOI 
Smrd,  ancient,  found  ta  Antria  588 
Sfdtmkam,  Dr.  skill  of  611 
Ti^pi,  Sir  G.  I.  memoir  of  659 
Tlnaum,  Mr.  Jmttiee,  memoir  of  431 
Tit{f»rd,  no.  meoivir  of  99 
Tn^  Ckmreh,  aneient  tomb  in  856 
Tcrmec'f  Eummektu,  Wett  minster  pro- 
logue and  epilogue  to  78 
Te^a  4*  NariUt  pnblicatjon  of  34 
Thames  TVmw/,  report  retpeetinic  496 
TkmMeal  RegUUr  84,  903,  319,  497, 

538,  653 
,  Tkring,  Mn.  memoir  of  919 
Ttmet^U*,  Wm.  death  ol  and  Kill  918 
7Ur,  extraordinary  rise  of  in  the  Thames 

653 
TSiki»t  billforeommutatioiiof  in  Ireland 
494,  530.  bill  for  conmutlDg  in  Eng- 
land 530 
Tmutm  the  Bookseller,  letters  to  609 
,  J^mer  •/ Ijomitm^  exeavaiioos  at  the  499 
Ttwrnshmif  Lord  Oka.  sale  of  bis  pic- 
tures 599 
JVavtrs,  Con.  Sir  Ji.  memoir  of  549 
JVtet,  remarks  on  996,  636.      magni- 

tade  of  353 
Trtnt,  council  of  497 
Tinefyan,  Sir  J.  letters  in  the  posses- 
sion ul  304 


TVummbu,  near  Aruo4«i»  diceovcrsd  Ml 
TiMMlf  nnder  the  streeta  sa|eg«Mc4  S 
T«irA«y,  inb-lliKenee  from  536 
1)frmkiU  Fmmi^,  yaalogicai  nolicca  of 

154 
United  Sentiee  ihutum,  Metiiiig  af  tha 

members  of  415 
I/m,  AeaMK,  (band  at  TeUerosi  4M 
f^aJsr  Eetiuiaotiems,  Matorieal  arrnMl 

of  188 
ymtue.  Aim,  bifigraphical  notiera  nfflSl 
i^mgttaUt  Prodmetioms,  origin  of  189 
fWv,  Sir  Boitrt  dbk  aaoiMUDeiK  of  ■ 

Sudborough  Cbureb  SM 
yryaiiaa,  Greek  coin  of  369 
yetuviut,  erupiiou  of  536 
ff^aUert,  Bm.  J.  nolieea  of  838 
IF^rfrttrlMi,  Bf.  lUeiaey  aoiicea  af  18, 

354,  355 
9f^arde,  Go*.  Sir  U.  meaaoir  of  907 
Water  BartmaUr,  at  the  Royal  Socictr 

S09 
ffebb,  S.  death  and  ehataetcr  331 
WettmaeotCi  Leehtrrovn  Sculptewv  99^ 
WutmuMster,  on  the  aadaat  boaadarics 

of  509 
Weatmumoier  Sehaot,  petf aroauMa  of  IV 

renre  at  78 
mUiam  I.  of  Holland,  chawmMc  oTMl 

///.  character  of  356 

ffiUock,  Copt.  F.  G.  meaaoir  of  98 
R'Uotnt  Tka.  seereiarjr  to  Queen  Elisi- 

heih,  biographiral  sketch  of  468 
ffimekeotmr  Dtmmdajf^  aoticca  of  343 
Witeheraft  at  BenhaU,  Suffolk  976 
Walatom  CImrek,  ancient  flooaasBcoU  in 

957 
Womeot  poetical  faectisa  on  481 
ffywumdkam  Pri^tft  discovariea  asao^g 

the  ruins  of  81 
Yem,  on  the  cultivation  of  in  Eo^aad  147 
Yeoo-treeo^  in  Cheshire  450 
Ferii,  foniAcations  of  187 
Zmlogieai  Saeieiff,  report  on  644 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  REVIEWED. 


(Imetmdimg  Nttieea  ^  Fhu  JrU.) 


k 


4fHeas  Skttekeo  179 

JkuruiMo  Piiems  995 

jlmteriean  Poett,  selections  from  987 

jimtt,  F.  on  the  Influence  of  Democracy 

519 
Jmaheta  Crmea  638 
jMmal  Kingdom,  on  the  40$ 
Aimmaio,  The  70 
Jnikon^  Dr.  C  Doering^s  Hrrsee 
j^efard  on  the  LitaltY  4U6 
jtrboretum  Brifannieum  756,  €3i 
ArthtAohgjf  of  Popukr  Pbruc* 
ArchUeetural  Director  403 
Jrehiteetwral  JUafazine  tm 
^rMteetwnt,  Emmy  on  6 1 9 

£litab«ihant  tf«c\mc\u  ^V  li' 


Armitage,  Bow.  A.Semohs  b]r-4Q9 
Jotromompf  Origin  and  Frogrca*  of  4  lO 
jttoreo.  Description  of  the  888 
-  Bagotor,  S.  on  Bees  990 
Baptitmal  Regeneration,  Remarks  on  408 
liiirotiffai^f  vf  I  he  United  Kitin^dom  g40 

£.t1  imttf  Sj nop>i i  of  the  640 

BartUtfoM/tm^BwitEKtltnti  41 S 


IiUk»  to  Books  Reviem§d. 


&r$' 


BiUturA^GnfollSO 

BUHmgtm'a  Arebitcetaral  Ditcctor  403 

Black's  EaMbuiy  Houm  6b 

Bitk,  T.  Pie*  for  Ireland  408 

Blaekmart,  Sir  R,  WritinK*  mt  SI 

BteumgtMtt  Ladf,  Book  of  Beanty  TO 

Bout,  Capt.  Deseriptioo  of  the  Asoret 

988 
Bcrfiughs,  History  of  3S9 
Brt9,  Mrs.  Warieifh  61  . 
Brituk  People^  Tule*  for  73  ' 

Britttm,  J.   Hittory  of  ibe  Parliament 

Huiuet  199,  413 
BrjfdgtSt  Sir  E.  ImafiDative  Biosraphy 

59.     Autubiograpby  or997 
Burrell  v.  A^mAo/mm,  trial  of  501 
Cadtll,  Lt.'CfL   C  Canpalgns  of  tb« 

98* h  rrginirnt  519  ' 

Campaigiu,  JUiUtarp,  Narrative  of  619 
Camtoit  Register  for  1834,  965 
Cdrd,  Rev.  Dr.  Antiquities  of  Md««ni ' 

Priory  180 
Carrimgttm.  /V.  T.  Poeint  of  401 
Cathedral  Ckarehet,  Hitiory  of  193 
QUiermokt  Rev.  R.  Sernona  by  518 
Chaucer,  Ricbrt  of  988 
CUna,  Pampbleta  ou  tbe  Trade  of,  and 
Brilieh  Relation*  witb  189,9^,501. 
'Tbree  Voyaget  along    tbe  Cuaat   vf 
404 
CUjmm  Refputorp  404 
OuriMtian  Freedom  639 
Ckurek,  Etiayt  On  tbe  £81.    letter  en 

the  517 
Church  Hittorp,  on  tbe  Study  of  185 
Uarlu,  V.  C.  Riebet  uf  Cbaucer  988 
•—  71  H.  Uluttrationa  of  Eaaibory  65 
Oavie  HomUetiea  73 
Cbtnie,  Rt!V.  Dr.  Strmon.by  &01 
OtIlectaMea  Topographiea  67 
CttmoH't  Norniaiidy  99.9 
Coloiuei,  European.  Viewt  of  115 
Cooke,  Geo.  Viewt  in.Luiiduri  74 
Cffr/M.  Sketches  of  989 
Corporaliotu,  History  of  839 
Courtkope,  IV.  Synuptia  of  tbe  Eitinet 
Baronetage  64a    Debicti't  Bamoet* 
axe  ih. 
Cowper,  fV.  Workt  of  563 
Oeeij,  Abp.  LeiKhtoii'i  Expotiiionof5l8 
Only,  Rev.  Dr.  G.  Dirine  Pruvidenee  57 
Currency,  C)i<beahism  of  the  639 
CmrtiM,  S.  N.  on  tbe  Eje  519 
Cttt/ier,  Baron,  on  the  Animal  Kingdom 

409.     Life  of  45 1 
DalteW*  Analects  Graea  638 
Deity,  a  Poem  406 

Democracy,  Influence  of  on  Liberty  519 
Jhuemting  Minittert  Autobiograpby  of 

169 
▼IM«M  Providence,  On  57 
^itrdmk'i  Redemption  517 
V  Rm  A.  Akeniidc's  Poems  995 


Edmonimt,  Reu.  t.  6a  (h«  tl«tT«alT  * 

World  519 
Blpeit,  iStf  T:  tbt  Govemouf  6S 
Easlburp  Houu,  Illustrations  of  ^      *• 
Bnglemd,  Biatory  of  606 
English  ConstttutioUj  Information  on  ths 

603  .         ■> 

English  Language,  Dictionary  of  634 
Epidemics  of  tbe  Middle  Ages  518 
Evesham,  History  of  507 
Epe,  Treatise  on  tbe  619 
RU,  Rev.  U.  F.  Sermons  by  406 
First  Fruits,  Bread  of  517 
Fiskes,  British,  History  of  410 
Fletcher,  Rev.  J.  Sermon  by  607 
FouMcdns  Jbbep,  Delineations  of  4 1 9 
France,  NarratiTe  of  Events  in  tbesoath 

of  517 
Frenck,  Rules  for  Prononneinp  400 
Frt^s  and  their  King  690 
Fruil  Cultivator  989 

Gentsis,  Observations  on  516 

George  lit.  Trait  in  tbe  Cbaraeter  of 
639 

Globe,  Revolutions  of  the  630 

God,  on  habitual  Love  to  41 

Ooetke,  Faust  of  519 

Gordon,  P.  L.  Belf  iam  and  Holland  64 

Covemeur,  Tbe  63 

Grimskawe,  Rev.  T.  S.  Works  of  563 

Gume]^,  J.  J.  on  habitnat  Love  to  God  >- 
411 

Guttl^ff's  Voyages  along  tbe  coast  of 
Chum  404 

Halp,  lAeut.  Reasons  for  Abolishing  Im- 
pressment 408 

MannanCs  Help  to  Prayer  516 

Harrien,  J.  on  Astronomy  410 

Heavenly  fForU,  Scripture  VIevs  of  519 

Hecker,  S.  F.  C  un  Epidemics  618 

Hell,  Descent  into  697 

Ueraud,  J.  A.  Descent  into  Hell  697 

Holmes.  J.  Catalogue  of  bis  Library  4t0' 

Hope,  Tko.  Essay  on  Arcbilectuve  619 

Horace,  works  of  by  Doering  637 

Horrins,  J.  character  of  George  UI.  639 

JVoTM,  Treatise  on  (be  990 

Howison,  J.  Views  of  Europenn  Gol*. 
nies  114 

Hugkes,  Rev.  H.  on  Baptismal  iUgea»> 
ration  408 

Imaginative  Biography  59 

Impressment,  Reasons  for  abolisbiog  40» 

India,  Letters  from  897 

Inglu,  H.  D.  on  Ireland  186 

Insanity,  Theory  of  409 

/re/ait</in  1834,  186.     Plea  for  408 

Jack  Ketek,  A  utobiography  of  4 1 9 

Jaequemont's  Letters  from  India  397 

Japhetk,  ifc.  407 

Jefferson,  Rev.  J.  Sermon  by  607 

Jews,  Statement  on  behalf  of  tbe  5S0 

Joknton,  Dr.  &  Botwell's  Life  of  419 


660 


Imits  to  Books  Rminoei, 


Jtkmmmt  jDr.  5.  M.  Life  of  Tbo.  Lin- 
•ere  633 

Jtmutt,  Rn.  W,  oo  goTtronent  of  time 
and  .tfoipcr  517 

Ktr,  J.  B.  Aiduiolocj  of  Popalar 
PhraMsfiS 

KMgt  H.  R.  Metrical  EaerciMt  oo  Scrip- 
ture 407 

LmmiUnb  ami  Tmmnti,  Adrice  to  590 

ZrfUMbN,  A<r.  ir:  H.  Sermon*  by  410 

JLmpptmkerg'f  Hiclorjr  of  Eoflaiid  506 

Lmmrtmett  oo  tbo  Hon*  990 

Jjte,  Mrt.  Life  of  Baroo  Cuvier  451 

Xm/,  Sermona  for  518 

lufug^t  Echo  de  Paris  409 

Lift  mmd  CUraetmr,  Sketches  of  518 

MMucn,  Tka.  Life  of  633 

littrarp  Soumnir  79 

Uturn,  Lectures  on  406 

iiwyttdtt  Sir  J.  British  Ralatioot  with 

China  501 
Ij$ekwfdt  H.  F.  Hittoiy  of  the  Fortift- 

eatioht  of  Ynrli  187 
LmUma  HlmstrtUm  510 
LmidoH  ami  it$  FieimUt,  Views  in  74 
IdtrndtUt  J.  C  Architectural   Mafaaino 
990.     Arboretum   Britaonieum  996, 
635 
MsmMmm,  Account  of  615 
Afaltwm  PriutT/t  Antiquities  of  180 
MamdUMterf  History  of  Foundations  in 

630 
Mmf,  Rev.  G.  Sermoo  by  507 
Jtfqro,  Dr.  T.  on  Insanity  409 
A§tek,  Rtv.  R.  on  Passion  Week  517 
AMmU,  Reiman,  Catalogue  of  177 
Mtmt$,  Dr.  J.  S.  Works  of  Cowper  563 
UnsAoOT,  Rtv.  S.  Memoirs  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Trent  497 
Mtr*wHhti*t  History  of  Corporations 

839 
JHiek»U,  N.  the  Saxon  Daughter  500 
Milntr,  Rtv.  J.  Vindiraiioo  of  185 
Aferr,  Mn.  Hmimtihf  Life  and  Corres- 
pondence of  3 
JMnrifon,  Funeral  Sermons  on  507 
Matural  Oittmy,  on  the  Study  of  399 
Ntw  South  fFattt,  Wanderinp  in  393 
Ntw  Ytttr't  Gift  7 1 
Ntrmumdp,  Illustrations  of  999 
Nmrtkerm  Tturisl  74 
Nmttall,  P.  A.  Viricil's  Bucolics  189 
Oicc«mmm'«  Offaprimgt  and  other  Pwems, 

by  Matthew  Sietreitson  977 
OU  Maid*  590 

OvUian  Dittiehf  Riehoiond  Rules  for  994 
Partiamtnt  Hamtti,  History  of  199 
PoMtioM  ffitk.  Exposition  of  517 
Ptifrimt  0^  fFatnnghmm  640 
Ptmptii,  Last  Days  of  173 
Prajftr,  InTslid's  Help  tu  516 
Pr^ht  Tkt,  African  Sketches  179 


PryJMr.  View  of  the  Writiags  of  MT    ' 
Aff/rr.  T.  the  Deity  406 
Readimgt  History  of  515 
Record  Onmmitiitit.    See  preeediof  In- 
dex uf  Essays. 
Redtmftiom,  and  other  Poeais  517 
RiekardtoH't  Eii|:liali  Dietiooary  634 
RUekut  L.  TomcKs  Annual  Tour  190 
RoierUt  S.  on  Slavery  SOS 
fTm.  Memc^rs  sff   Mrs.  ffannah 

More  3 
RegrerMt  J.  Fruit  ColliTMor  989 
RotOt  H.J.  in  Church  History  IBS 
Roteoet  T,  Wauderiugs  through  North 

Wales  419 
Saffrtft  Mittt  Poems  of  499 
Saxon  Damghttrt  The  500 
Seiatet,  Trails  of  407 
SeoUt  J.  Vindication  of  the  Rev.  J.  MU- 

ner  185 
Serif  tmrt  Text,  Metrical  Exercises  oo  407 
StrwutUt  by  Appleyard   and    Fell   406. 

by  Armitage  409.     by   Sandon   411. 

by  Caitermole  518 
Show's  SpecimcLS  of  EUsobethan  Arda* 

tecture413 
SUthorp,  Rev.  R.  W:  on  the  Book  of 

Genesis  516 
Slmverff  Works  on  505 
Smtkht  Dr.  J.  on  the  Prophets  517 
»—  Dr.  S.  P.  Leigbton's  Espoaltleo  of 

the  Creed  518 
Smffth,  CapL  tr.  U.  Catalofoe  wff  Romaa 

Medals  177 
Soalt  on  the  Existence  of  4 If 
State  Papert,  temp.  Henry  VIII.  513 
Stammtoot  Sir  G.ou  the  China  Trade  189 
Steventom,  M.  Poems  of  977 
Stortr'e  Delineations  of  Foontoioa  Ab- 
bey 419 
Striekiand,  Mitt,  Pilgrims  of  Walsing- 

ham  640 
SwaimtoH,  W.  on  the  Study  of  Natural 

History  399 
SwitztrtoHd,  Views  of  413 
Tatbot,  Hon.  R.  GoCtbe's  Faust  5 19 
Tatt,  J.  on  ttie  Oridian  Disticb  994 
Tapior,  J.  Catechism  of  the  Currencr 

639 
ThtlweHf  Rev.  d.  S.  OD  the  Church  of 

England  517 
TiUottom  on  Billiaids  190 
THmeoHd  Temper,  oo  the  GoTemascnt 

of  517 
ToM,  J.  H.  account  of  tbeTnaifaidMK 

of  the  Bible  505  .... 

Treta,  Memoirs  of  the  i 
Tumer't  Aneur' 
Twamltf,  M 
Urmultm, 

189 

189 


Index  to  Booh  AnMunced. 


tSl 


ffhtes,  'North,  Wanderings  through  413 

fFarleight  a  Legend  61 

fTattt,  jfhtrie  A.  Literary  Soavenir  78 

Atr$.  Alarie,  New  Year's  Gift  71 

ff'ettmintier  Palace,  History  of  193,  413 
ff^lkintoH's  Londina  Illustrata  510 


fFillett,  B.  Trails  of  Seienet  407 
ff^inktef  Cathedral  Churches  193,  399, 

413 
#F^/rf,  Mapofthe4l3 
Yarrett  History  of  British  Tishes  410 
Yorkt  History  of  the  Fortifications  of  187 


INDEX  TO  BOOKS  ANNOUNCED. 


Bainet's  History  of  the  Cotton  Mana* 

faclure  194 
0<irr0ip'«  Visit  to  Iceland  75 
BeWi  Practical  Elocutionist  75 
Bellamy'i  translation  of  the  Bible  533 
Bemutt,  G.  I.  the  Empress  533 
fienuqf'f  German  Anthology  533 
BAk,  Cbrunulogical  Analysis  of  300 
Akerman  on  British-Roman  Coins  450 
AUxunder't  Portugal  dvriiig   tha    late 

Civil  War  75 
AUtn,  U^t.  Views  In  tbt  Island  of  As- 
cension 533 
A»Ke  on  the  Book  of  Revelation  194 
AvMjo't  Vi<i(  to  Constantinople  75 
BaUlie,  Mrt.  Dramas  by  643 
BtakistoH's  Twenty  Years  iu  Retirement 

523 
Blundell  on  Diseates  of  Women  75 
Boaden't  Doom  of  l^iallo  300 
Aw/ef,  Rev.  fF.  L.   Littie   Villager"* 
Verse  Bool(  75.      Annals  of  Lacock 
Abbey  414 
Briiton,  J.  History  of  Worcester  Cathe- 
dral 414.   Architect u fill  Dictionary  ib. 
Burt's  Poem  on  Christ iauiiy  533 
Butler.  Mrt.  Travels  in  Ame'rica  75 
Cabinet  iMuyer  75 
Camels  Lives  of  Catholic  Missionaries 

414 
Cary  un  the  Testimonies  of  the  Fathers 

300 
Cauan's  Lives  of  the  Abps.  of  Canter- 
bury 4l4 
Oarendm,  Edward  Earl  •/,  Life  of  648 
Ctasric  and  Connouteur  in  linly  194 
Clement  of  Alexandria.  Writings  of  75 
Coleridge's  Table  Talk  75 
Cole's  Views  of  Monoments  in  Greece  74 
Cummin's   Outlines  of  Forensic  Medi- 
cine 194 
Omfurius,  Works  of  75 
CosteWs  Specimens    of  Early    French 

Poetry  533 
JkaUry's  Charge  to  the  Clergy  of  Hants 


;*«  Antiquities  of  Rome  64 1 
t«ry  of  St  Peter  75 
•^SOO 

"l^aiid  75 

,Lir«of643 


>-^(7  194 
«4I4 


EUm,  C.  A  Biybood  643 

Emigrant  Family's  Return  643 

Ernest  Campbell,  a  Novel  533 

FamHy  Prayer,  Book  of  414 

Featherstonkaugh's  North  America  300 

Flora  and  Thalia  300 

Gandee,  B.  F.  the  Artist  414 

German  TVesor,  Key  to  300 

Gipsy,  The  75 

Godwin,  on  Transfusion  300 

Gough  and  Paton,  Correspondeore  be- 
tween 300 

Gray's  Synopch  of  the  Phasmid«  194 

GresweU  mi  the  Parables  75 

Guizot's  Modern  History  300 

Hale,  Sir  M.  Memoin  of  75 

Hammer's  History  of  the  Assassins  538 

Hancock,  on  British  Guiana  300 

Hardy's  Notires  of  the  Holy  L  tnd  533 

Hasis  Autiqaities  of  Greece  300 

Hawkins  on  Medical  Police  194 

Higgins  on  the  Earth  533 

History,  Cbronolticical  Tables  of  .300 

Harm  Hebraicse  75 

Hughes,  Rev.  J.  Memoir  of  300 

Humboldt's  Posthumous  Works  643 

Huibands  Book  533 

Irish  Traveller,  Auiobiography  of  643 

Irving's  Tour  un  the  Prairies  300 

Jae^uemonCs  Letters  643 

Jahn's  Biblical  Antiquities  300 

Jewel,  Bp.  Lire  of  75 

Jones,  Rev.  J.  Introduction  to  Hebrew  300 

Svr  fV.  Memoirs  of  643 

Jungmann's  Bohemian  Dictionary  75 

Keene's  Persian  Stories  533 

Knox's  Sermons  194 

La  Beaume  on  Galvanic  Influence  75 

l.amb  on  the  Hebrew  Characters  300 

Lawson  on  Christ's  Miracles  643 

Idaho's  Travels  in  Greece  3(X> 

J/ewis  on  the  Roman  Language  300 

Jjondon,  Bp.  Letter  to  75 

Loudon,  Mrs.  Philanthropic  Economy 
643 

Lout*  on  Phthisis  75 

Maddens  Travel* in  the  West  Indie*  533 

Mahon  un  the  P»or  Laws  300 

Malcolm's  Memoirs  of  Lord  Clive  300 

Mant's  British  Months  300 

Martin's  Hi&tury  of  our  lndi;«n  Posses- 
sio<  8  533 

Marltnel's  Manual  of  Pathohigy  414 

Medical  Sovieli/y  Trav\.\*svv4\.v^  'i^.  "v^ 


6S2 


Jndex  to  Books  Announced, 


flUdlty  on  Episcopacy  4 14 
Meek'i  Passion  Week.  300 
7Wtc/«/rj»  Sa«on  DaugLter  194 
Jtitddlemore  on  Disrosce  i»f  the  Eye  194 
MUman'i  translation  of  N&I&  and   Da- 

mayi^rvM  3U0 
Mtntgomertf,  J.  Poet* 4  Portfolio  300 
t^mttvu,  W«rs  of  75 
MouMt  of  Olivet,  Prophetic  Discourte  on 
300 

A/u//«r'4  Eumfnides  of  £<chylni  641 
Murray ^  J.  Guide  lo  Canada  523 

Kewman'i  Parocbial  St^rmans  7& 

Oliver's  Rambleti  in  Norll)un]bertand4l4 

Or<r«  Residence  in  NewSuuiliWaUsJOU 

Oibum  on  the  Dueirina!  £rrors  of  tbc 
Apoiitles,  &c.  414 

Partly,  Poema  of  75 

Pearim  on  Deisiical  Wrilers300 

Pir<Mrr,  The  75 

Ptebeiant  and  Patrieiam  592 

Political  KeyresentatioH,  General  Princi- 
ples of  4 14 

Pitpe's  ffhrki,  by  Croly  300 

Port  /?oj/^/.  Memoirs  of  414 

Prichord,  on  intanity  75 

Prime  Minister,  The  643 

Provincial  Sketchet  300 

Reptiles,  Book  of  3^3 

Reismder  on  die  German  Language  523 

Ritter't  Hittory  of  Philosojiby  300 

Rohtrtt'f    Oriental    lllu&iraticjna   of  the 
Scripture*  75 


Roscoe'i  Exrurtion  in  Wales  1^ 
Schoolmatterr*,  Mal-|>ractices  of  300 
Setden,  John,  Mrmuirs  of  &S3 
Sepfingt,  T.  S«>es  nf  England  194 
Skalttpeare't  Knowledge,  Proofa  ul  30O 
Sketch  Book  of  ihe  Suutb  3(>0 
Smith ,  Rev.  j§.   ou   I  be  Moral  IVrrcf 

tions  523 
Soanies  on  the  Anf^lo-SJixon  Cbareh  5St 
Stand/ord,  Mrs.  a  Lady's  Gi/i  5S3 
Stanfield's  f^ievt  in    tbe  Briii«b  Cbaanrl 

and  Coaitt  of  Cng'land  529 
State  Papert,  lerop.  Henry  VJIf.  300 
Stebbing  on  Death  30O 
Stuart's  Antiquities  of  Atbroi  641 
Sunday,  a  Puem  523 
tiwan  on  tbe  Nervuu«  Sy«tem  300 
Si/mondM'sMecbuuici  uf  Law  Making 
Tatham'*  Chart  qf  Trui  h  SOO 
Temple.  Str  fK  Memoir  of  649 
Thornton's  ItidiA  300 
Ttedgold  on  Riil-roRdg  649 
TWevot'M  Life  nf  William  111.  414 
Turton,  Rev.  Pi.  Sermon  by  414 
/'mrTf  Treatise  on  Paint in(;  64S 
IValker,  Rev.  S.  Life  and  RfOiaiiM  of  7S 
^'?4<  o/*  £n^/oi«^  Journal  IJM 
IVhishaw't  Lut  u(  CngUih  Barrifctert  1M 
ff^ilimi,  fF.  Route  through  Franc*.  Ac 

523 
/Food's  Antiquitie*  of  Greece  300 
fVortley,  Lady,  Village  Churchyard, 

75 


INDEX  TO  POETRY. 


^ 


r 


American  Poetry,  f^pecimenc  of  3B7 
Antiquities,  £ti|;li>b  lines  to  be  fireRsed 

to  a  work  on  307 
Beesley,  Aifred,  stanzas  by  407 
Btackmort,  Sir  R.  poems  ol  52 
Bowles,  Rev.  tV.  L.  on  tbe  Anniversary 

of  (be  Satitbury  National  School  \'l\. 

epitaph  on  John  Harding  52t).    on  the 

death  of  Wm.  Linley  576 
Brydget,  Sir  £  lines  by  2'il 
Carrington,  A.  2V  line*  by  40? 
Constable,  Sir  fliarmadvhe,  epitaph  on 

153 
Cowper,  W.  apecimen  of  hit  translation 

of  Homer  566 
Haify  in  India,  «tanzas  nn  529 
Dorset,  Lord,  »<?rse8  by  24 
JJunJerdnle,  Rcv.  R.  staiiiaB  by  5l7 
Duntler,  tiet:  C.  speeimcu  of  his  trant* 

lattun  of  Ilumer  567 
£ros.  Hymn  of  177 
Facetia-,  Pueiiral  270-375.  480-48S 
Fnirfmrn,     Mr.    sonnet    by    180.     the 

Heart's  Confession  ik. 
Faust,  pnriical  tr4n$Uliun  of  513 
Ciir</fii.The49y 
Harding,  John,  epitaph  on  528 
/heart's  t'otf/eman  mo 


Homer,  tpecioiens  of  Covper'a  aat4  !)«•> 

tter's  translations  of  567 
/  lov'd  thee  onee,  he.  494 
Jonah,  lines  on  5t)0 
Kenilworth,  lines  on  498 
King,  H.  R.  Heb.  h.  25  parapbraaed  40T 
jMUy,  ff^m.  on  the  dt-ath  of  S67 
Ijowth,  Bp.  vrrsrs  to  Mrs.  H.  More  II 
fltercyseat  hetote  499 
Micyllus,  Latin  versea  by  486,  487 
Montgomery,     James,      staniaa     a«    ft 

Dai*y  in  Ii>dia529 
More,  Mrs.  Hanstah,  Latin  veraci  to  If 
Night  assd  Deatht  sonnet  en  529 
Aorman  French  Poetry,   speclOMaft  «f 

28,31 
Olden  Time,  on  a  LaJy  of  the  SSg 
Peace,  b\inn  tu42l 
Satiety,  AIiu,  poein«  by  499 
Satubury  National  School,  anniveraar* 

of  421 
Sennet,  by  Fairburn  180.    Qn  Night  a^d 

Death  529 
5/eimwM,  Matthew,  poena  and  Mtaaa  a| 

278-280 
7\t*mley,  Mu»,  poems  by  498 
Uni$in,  Mrs.  stansat  on  a  picture  gf  SUP 
/f^aitr/twl,  Btattsas  lo  a  283 


I 

4 


CSS 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


IncluitiDi  Promotioan,  PrcferiBcoit,  Ilirthi,  Mirni|c»,  uid  Death*. 


Abboi,   P.  H.  204, 

AbKott,  C.  204 
Abercrombie,      Dr' 

4:^8 

Aberileeii,  Earl  3 1 
Abtnictuii,  E.    lOfi. 

F.  S.  666 
Abizii,  Count  654 
AcUnd,  £.   J.  540. 

F.  P.  Hid 
Acum,  T.  P.  S.  333 
Ad^ir,  A.  540 
Aditm.A.  53S.  Adm. 

C.  653 
Adami,  Li<?u),-Gen. 

ItO.     Mrt.    540. 

A.  A.5Sa.  0.428 
Adjimiiun,    A.    203, 

J.  430 
Affleck,  G.  204.  M. 

Airlie,  EarlofSIS 
Airy  523 

Akerman,  J.  Y.  450 
AlbJin,  T.  330 
Albemarle.  Earl  539 
Albiiti.T.  539 
Aleuck,  C.  66.1 
Alderioii,  J.  85 
Aldridge,  J.  317 
AletAudrr,  LxdyA. 

540.     W.  204 
Alford,  F.^O.    540« 
H.  540 

Vise.  316 

Aliciert,  Dey  of  335 
Allan,  W.  316.    W. 

670 
AlMin,  J.J.SS8 
Allen,  H.  329.      J. 
B.  427.    T.  IU9 
W,  B.  203. 654 
Alleyne,  J.  P.  54U 
Allford,  J.  333 
Amhertt.W.  H.333 
Amus.  A.  428 
Amyot,  J.  654 
Aiidenuu    53d.    J- 

5.S8 
Anderton,  J.H.3I6 
Aiidrewet,  W.  204 
Andrews,  A.  C.  540 

M.  W. 21a 
Aiiilry.S.  M.  221 
A(.|[u».  G,  F.  653 
ArMtetIey.M.G.654 
>iii[i(.  H.  219 
n.  Sir  \V.  539 


Aiistrulher,      L«cly 

C.  316 
Arbutliiiul,  G.  539 

Vii(.'.3l5 

ArchdAll,G.654 
Archer,  J.  105 
Argyl,  Duke  539 
Armit,  J.  334 
Arm«trt>n^,  Maj,  E. 

3)6.  H.  540 
Arnault,  M.  222 
Ariify,E.F.653 
ArrttMinjitb,  A.21D 
Anutdfll,    E.     333, 
H.  540.     M.654 
Aribur,  '219 
AshbunibaoD,       C. 
53.9.   Cap.  T.  539 
Atbburtoii  539 
Aihlry,  L<>rd  84 
Asbwen,  A.  331 
Ailiort-e,  T.  110 
Aikiita,  H.  109 
Atkinson,   E.    110. 

J.  540,  554 
Aubert,  J.  447 
Auckland.  Ld.  539 
Aiifrtre,  J.  N.  443 
Austin,  S.  lOB,  En- 

tign  558 
Anbur,  B.  218 
Aveline   108 
Bade  ley,  J.  C.  540 
Baifge,  W.  333 
Bagot,  Sir  C.  539 
Bailey,     W,      105, 
562.    VV.  R.  317 
Baiiibrid(;e,  A.  333 
Bairiet,  C.  654 
O^ker,   E.   J.   317. 
J.  670.  W.  R.3I5 
Bard«ui,     C.    21  d. 

W.  J.  667 
Ball,  Ma).  G.  668 
Billard,  F.  317 
Barber,  Lieut.  106 
BarcUy,    Cul.  668. 
F.  F.  105.    J.  V. 
F.  331 
Birhaoi,  C.  G.  654 
Bartiii:,  A.  84,  539. 

F.  654.     J.  539 
B.irke,  C.  555 
Barker,  C.  S.  557. 

S.  557 
Barluw,  J.  76.     W. 

85 
Bernard,  Cap.  428. 
E.  653.    S.  334 


Barnet,  R.  114 
Barney.    M^j.    W. 

218 
Bartiw*!!,  C.  F.  76 
Barrick.R.  442,553 
Barruw,  CoL  C.  J. 
220.    J.  816.    S. 
217 
Barn,  Cap.  446 
Bartb(>]uniew.J.42e 
B.irtletr,  E.  668 
Barton.  K.  L.  108 
B-irwick,  W.  445 
Baryer  203 
Baiemaii,  G.  667 
Bates,  J.    557.     S. 

443.     W.  333 
Batbie,  Cap.  671 
Bauingartiicr,T.M. 

556 
Bavford,  J.  H.  85 
Bayley,  A.  109 
Baynes,  H.  C.  219 
BA2«leby,  H.   55  7 
Beadaii,  R.  J.  316 
Beally,  Lieut.  558 
Beaulort,Cap.F.539 
Beaumont,   T,   W. 
316.     W.  H.443 
Beche,  H.  T.  76 
Beckett,  Sir  J.  84 
Beckwilb,  E.J.$03 
Bedduei,  C.  H.  317 
Bedford  C.  332, 333 
Beevur,  M.  328 
Bejrg,  J,  316 
Beke,  C.  T.  197 
Belgian«,(jueenS40 
BrJI,  I).  1U6.     Col. 

J.  667.     T.  420 
Bellamy,  J.  W.76 
Beiiuet,  C.  H.  427 
B«nnetr,  A.  333 
Beiiion,  E.  329.   J. 

P.  85 
Bentbam,  S.  J.  540 
Bvntley,  R.  209 
Beoyon,  B.  443 
Bereilord,    G.    85. 
Adai.Sir  J.  P.  84 
L«.-C<»l.   M.  316. 
Col.  W.  427 
Berkeley,  J.  666 
Bernard    558.      J. 

W.539 
Bern)  err,  C.  204 
BemttorfT,     Count 

559 
Bertran,  A.  22S 


Best,   S.  428,  55T, 

669 
Beverley,  T.  107 
Bicker,  S,  557 
Bijfge,  C.  W.  420 
Bi<ij»,  Cap.  T.  220 
BigLind,  E.  539 
Blue  bain,  Lady  654 
Birch,  B.  333.     C. 
539.     W.  b.  203 
Btrmingbam,  J.  A. 

316 
Hintle,  A.  442 
Bishop  562.     E.  M. 

540 
Biftun.M.  no 
Bitfet.  G.  222 
Blackall  670 
.    Blackburne,W.5i7 
Blackhftll  446 
Btackmore,  B.  557 
Blackwood,  Sir  H. 

540.     J.  555 
Blake  109 
Bland,  H.  334.    W. 

H.  85.  428 
Bleiicowe,  E.  317 
BlerincrUauet,    W. 

654 
Blick,  E.  653 
Bliis,  J.  317 
Blofeld,  T.  J.  654 
Bloom,  J.  H.65S 
Bluunt,  Sir  E.  315. 
J,  110.  W.A.S03 
Blundell203.  J.330 
Bluriden,  G.  S.  654 
Blunt,  Lieui.-Gen. 
539.     C.  M.  540 
Boevey,  M.  A.  444 
Bold,  M.  332 
Bolton,  A.  654.    J. 

III.     T.  B5 
Bond,  H.  J.  H.  317 
Bunr.  H.  666 
Bo  1 1  bam,  A.  540.  F. 

K.  84 
Bool,G.  M.  73 
Booth,  F,  203.      P. 
C.  443.     Ll.-CoL 
L.  109 
Borlate,     W.    Su4. 

SI6 
Borrftdaile,  E.   106. 
Cap.  G.  671.    W. 
54  0 
Borton,  W.  L.  653 
BtftAnquet,   C.   H. 


817-  F.  334.   Sir 

J.  B.  539 
Boites  Ford  4*27 
Bourke,  Maj.-Gen. 

a.316 
Bourne,  Col.  G.  445 
Uuu  I  flower,    H.  C 

204 
Bi>u*erie,  J.  W.653 
Bov.y,  J.  107 
BouMeiis  670 
Bawdeii,  G.  G6<i 
Bawer,  Maj-  670 
Bo*es  Sir  G.  562 
Bowlby,  T.  '140 
Bowie*,  H.  Sn 
Bowiey,  J.  105 
Bmrmmi,  .1.  M.  I  10 
Bowit«J>  J.  304 
Bowyer,  A.  M.  359 
Boy.l  I  Of* 
Brack  e  It  bury,  Maj. 

3S9 
Brail  ItriilgF  667 
Bradford,  M.  443 
Bradley,  R.B.  VH 
BraiUbavte,    R.    H. 

556' 
Braham,  Cap.r.W. 

317. 
Braiu>ion,  I.\V.3J6 
Brai.ile,  VV.  T.  76 
Brandt) wayt,  E.  329 
Brayfaruiikr,  Cap.  S. 

437 

LorilJifl 

Br^tkiioik.E.irl^ni 
Breiittainl,  VV.  log 
Breil,   E.  2*1,  540, 

J,  108 
Brew,  J.  220 
Brrv*cs,  G.  217 
Briffss  R.  G70.     S. 

6S4 
BriKht,  R.85 
Bri|!sc.cke.  W.  C, 

498 
Britighurst,   M.   J. 

54U 
BriiKi",  L.  654 
Broad  wood,  .I.S..)I3 
Brock wlon,  VV.  ;6 
Bro.  kits  J.T.  420 
Brodie,  Sir  B.  C.  76 
Bromliead,  E.  39.0. 

33H 
Broi'ke.  C.    F.    85. 

E.  S.  6S9 
BrvMikrt,  .1.  557 
Brouni",  E,  317 
Rruw*-ll,  H.  218 
Brwwn,  A.904.     J. 

6es.     JL3i6 


Browne,  Ma}.  G.B4. 

W.  104 
Browniii?,  F.  331 
Br«ice,  J.  W.  654. 

M.  109 

Lord.E.  85,203 

Bruges,  T.  334 
Bryan I,  R.  1 09 
Bryce,  A.  M.  540 
Buccleugh,    Duke, 

14,427 
Buckiiigharo,E.?l8 
Buckbnd  226 
Buckler,  J.  C.  226 
Buckley,  J.  327,335 
Buckworib,  J.  554 
Budgen,  M.  220 
BudueH,  A.  S.  85 
BulUE.  85.  H.  '^03. 

J.  1 02. 667 
Bui  ten,  f.  4?7.    E. 

S40.     J.  315 
Bullack,  M.  428 
BuliurrGfig.  F.  558 
Huiiburv,    T.    653. 

Cjiji.  T.  203 
Bunwurtli,  Maj  558 
Burfurd,  R.  A.3I7 
Burpe^OS 
Burgr's,  A.  557 
Ouii;<ivue,  Sir  J.  M. 

314.     VV.  M.  331 
Burke,   E.   P,   S22. 

J.  103.   V.  G.  222 
Burtii>i;i(iii,    Clef* 

33I,4':B 
BiirniiLy.  G.  316 
Riirnei,  Sir  W.  5I9 
Biirri>*»-8,  Mfl|.  654 
BurrowK,  J,  45jj 
Burt,  K.  217 
Bu«b  218 
Buhby,  J.  441 
Bute,  Marq.  539 
Bolter  562.     H.  E. 

22^.     P.  S.317 
Buti.T.  3J« 
Buiterworih.A  668 
Byers  J.  R.  220 
Bync,  Lady,  A.  204, 

C.6S3.  Sir  J.  653 
Byruu.G.  221 
CaKJrii^  H.  109 
Caldwell,  Lreut.  J. 

3:«.    T.  105 
Tallcoit,  74 
C'atnbdeii,  Baron 

203 
ranjd'n,  M^rq  85 
Ca'n«Ton,  C.  C.428. 

Cap.K.427.CBt>r. 

VV.       110.      M. 

A    654.    UdyV. 

640 


Campbell,  M^j.  204. 

CoU  84.     Lieut. - 

Col.  C.  653.     Sir 

H.    P.    H.    316. 

S»r  J.    84,    S39, 

653.     R.  R.  428. 

W.  A.  85 
Caiiiioti,  I).  J.  558 
Can  lei  bury,     V'uc. 

4'i7 
Capel,  A.  F.  M.204 
Capes  557.     M.  108 
Capper,  J.  204. 442, 

667 
Citpreol.  VV.  P.317 
Card.  Dr.  2i6,  338 
Carew,  F.  A.  204 
Carey,  P.  S.  428 
Carletoii  332 
Carlos  G.  668 
t:arlyon.  Col.  428 
Citniarvoti,  C'liuit 

204 
Cariiie,  A.  £■  444 
Cnrpenter,  M.  317 
C«rr,  109 
Cdrr.iw,  R.  2 
Carur,  M,3I7 
C^rllie*,  E,  T.  670 
C*r«w right,  A.    H- 

217 
Cary.  W.  .S58,  562 
CaB'h<-l  446.  G.  446 
Crtille,  W.  L.  .540 
Call  It  reach,     Viic. 

203,316 
Caibcari,  R.  221 
C^itermole,  C.  540 
CiuMoi),  E.  204 
<  tioile},  A.  R.  83 
L4veii>ii&h,  T.  654 
Cawdor,     C'tiictt 

540 
Caaenove,II.H.9l7 
Chalmer,  G.  444 
Clialmer<,  A.  106 
Chalon.  A.  E.  74 
Cbam}M:rlaiti,Ld.84 
Cb;imberi,SirC.  VV. 

218 
Chamley,  F.  316 
CbAplin,     Ma|.    A. 

556 
Cbxpman,  A.    539, 

B.  444.     E.  668. 

C.  G.  85 
CtiartetoiiJl.M.3)7 
C  iarlt4iii,  Dr.  2 
Charidey.    E.    420. 

J.  108 
Cluulker,  A.  109 
('liauticey,  C.  554 
Cliencr,  B|'.  317 


Cbe«rerfield,     EaH 

203 
Cberali«r,T.W.Ul 

Chicbe^ter,  Bo.  430 
'  nle.R.U* 

'  \  VV6il 

C  n  ;  I  V ,  »  H,  670 
Clf.linelcy.  R.  49 
Christie  445.    8-  J. 

Clapliam,  J.  H.44I 
Clare,  A.  67 1 
Clark.  J.  J.  103 
Clarke.  Cf>L  J.  S9$. 

M»j.   J.  C6».    i. 

E.  .SS^.  J.  S.ltt. 

N.  2«J.     R-  55J 
Clay,  J.  b40 
Clayton,  C.  77.    B- 

317.     J.  4SV 
Clrtrtenia.  Cu|.  lOS 
Clrrk.  Sir  C  84 
Clibhurix,  lifa].&5l 
Clifton,  C.  446'.    T. 

313 
Cliitton.  U    55< 
Cli»e,  G.  654.  Udy 

fl.  428 
Clove,  J.  O.  &40 
Clores,  D.  5^6 
Cluildr.  A.  M.  StS 
Clutierbuck,H.203 
Cl>nier,  G.  105 
Cobbr,    Lir,..  -r..i 

84.     F.  I     ; 
Cock,  Col.   ! .  - 
Cockburn,  Sir  i>.  84 
Cockerell,C.R.2l7 
Codriii|c(nti,  R.  334 
Cofliti,  F.  VV.  654 
Colborne,  Sir  J. 
Colbv.  D.  107 
Colcbetter, 

SO  4 
Cole,  W.  445  _ 

Colebrooke,  G,  Y. 

331 
Cole*,  W.  44G 
ColJe*.  W.  V90 
Colville    3J$.      Sir 

c.  84,  sail 

Lord  315 

Comraena,  J.  f^ 
(:otrip4uii,  J.  K.  S9t 
Conipioh.  J.  <'.6M 
Coney,  B.  4?7 
Cotifreve,  Lmdfg 

C.  654 
Ci>nway,  Col. 
Convng^hani,  Marq. 

539 
Cook,  E.  660.     P. 

3lt>.  C*p.W  SIT 


I 


Index  to  Names. 


Cooke,  A.  L.  668. 

Lady  H. S04 
Cooketley,  H.  316 
Cuokson,    J.    441. 

W.  «03 
Ci»oper66'9.  G.670. 

H.   85.     L.  488. 

IL85.   SirW.H. 

441 
CtMie,  R.  8S0 
Coplectunr,  J  .G.Sl  9 
Corbet  568 
Corb«u.  J.T.  819 
Curfe,  S.  445 
Coniewall,  C.  557 
Cornwall,  G.B. 330 
Corrie3l6 
Corrin,  J.  670 
Corry,   H.   L.  803. 

H.T.L.3I6 
— —  Vitc'iett  540 
Cursellii,  J.  G.  554 
Custlry,  L.  E.  488 
Coles,  H.  448 
Cottle,  J.  M.317 
Cot(oi«,A.-l2aJ.I09 
Cduiil,  J,  106 
CmirtenM-,H.H.31T 
Cuuribu)i'e,  C.  850 
Cuurruwn,  Earl  303 
Cover  ley,  C.  J.  666 
Cowcher,  E.  A.  817 
.Cowell,S.  804 
CoMlcy,  Lord  487 
Cowper,  Col.  J.  So3 
Coi,  Dr.  £.  B.  G&3. 

R.  109 
Crabb,  J.  338 
Crabbe,  G.  583 
Crabtree,J.387 
Craiicie,  MaJ.  P.  £. 

803 
Cr^ue,  J.  670 
Craven  654 
CrawCuril,  C.  J.  804 
Crawiba*.  M  (j54 
Cretwell,  E.  105 
Crewe,  Sir  G      .418 
Cruff,  M.  E.  654 
Crwits,  J.  U.  653 
Cruismare,  C'tets 

316 
Croker,  J.  C.  556 
Croly,  Dr.  583.    G. 

487 
Croabie,  P.  P.  445 
Croi-ae,  £.  389 
Crooe,  A.  317 
Cruik»b4itk,A.816. 

Cap.  J.  555 
Crutwell,  E.  A.  85 
Cru»y»,  G.  S.  437 
Culnar,  C.  338 
Cumbcrlexe,  S.  447 
Comine,  W.  446 


Cunroinf,  E.  109 
Cunliffe,  Sir  R.  H. 

316 
CuiiiiinghaiDfT.  M. 

105 
Currie,C.653.  Cap. 

J.  881.     M.445 
Curt«yne,H.  D.SSO 
Curteii,  J.  487 
Cursoii,  A.438,443 
C.itlcr,  H.8  9 
Daii>trre,T  8  8 
Dakins,  S.  106 
Dalby,G.H.  M.881 
Dale,R.  8I8.S.804 
Dalgleiib,A.  818 
Dallas,  J.  804 
Dalmeny,  Ld.  539. 

653 
Dalrymple,  Sir  H. 

W.443 
Dalton  5^3 
Darner,  G.  D.  654 
Daniel,  A.  85.    R. 

316 
Darley,  J.  109 
DavidiiMi  654 
Drivit^  33h.  D.539. 

M.  445.     R.  387. 

T.3I5.  W.R.488 
Daviaon,  T.  F.  387 
Dawes.  H.  557 
Dawkin(,H.T.669. 

G.  F.85.  G.R.84. 

H.  540.  J.  H.  M. 

881.   M.  109-  R. 

85 
Day,  T.  316 
De  Boudry,  C.  338, 

333 
De  Buit«,Maj.  Gen. 

448 
De  Chair,  F.  804 
Deckner,  Cap.  558 
De  Grey,  Earl  84, 

803 
Delamain,  Col.  85 
De  la  Warr,  C'teta 

804 
De  L'Me,  B'n  803 
De  Mallei,  A.  883 
Denmitn,  1).  A.  105 
Drnt.C.  C.  540.  R. 

669 
Derby,  Earl  803 
De  Strada,  R.  A.  85 
De  Tablev,  L'y  654 
Dt:we,J.L  106 
Dexter,  C.  881 
De  Witt,  E.389 
Dickinson,  R.    B. 

881.     R.  W.  488 
Dickton,  A.  662 
Difby,  Sir  H.315 
Dikec,  T.  85 


Dimsdale^  P.  388 
Dinorben»  Lady  C. 

334 
Ditturnell,  J.  817 
Diaou,  C.  315.     D. 

480.     F.  E.  540 
Dobie,  A.  540 
I>(jbir)n,C.  ^IB 
Dodd,  C.  E.  556.  C 

W.  103.    P.&85 
Dodgaan,  C.  488 
Dodingion,  W.  M. 

315 
Dohtf  ny,  Maj.G.3S4 
Dumett,  E.  654 
Donaldaoii,  Lieut.« 

Cul   558 
Donitthorpe,  G.  T. 

557 
Donkiii,  Sir  R.  539. 

Sir  R.  S.  653 
Doiioe,  E.  556 
Donougbmore,  Earl 

803 
D'Ollveria,  V.  443 
Durmprt  Lady  6S4 
Dtirriei),  G.  3Si 
Itor&si,  Duki  84 
Dqu -^  I  «i,  Lj  e  u  t  .-Ca  j . 
U.    A.  e.  333. 

D.  446.  Sir  H. 
427.  L.888.  Sir 
R.  A.  654 

Down,  R.  317 
Dowers,  J.  107 
Drennan,  F.W.448 
Dreskler  447 
Drew,S.T.  218 
Drewe  819 
Drummund,  A.   J. 
351,     C.  A.  317, 
488.J.6C9.M.654 
Drury,  B.  H.  443 
Du   Boulay,  E.    S. 

654 
Dufuur,  A.  447 
Dufton,  J.  539 
Duglinsun,  J.  441 
Du};m(ire,  M.  817 
Duke,  Lt.-Col.  107. 

E.  428.     W.  387 
Dunbar,  E.  A.  446. 

P.  446 
Duncan,  Miss  445. 

W.  W.  S39 
DtincAnuon,  Vise. 

539 
Duiicombe,  Cap.  A. 

85 
Dundas  T.  488 
Dunn,  C.  106 
Dunttan,  J.  106 
Duntterville,  B.668 
Dupre,  J.  388 
DutntoTd,  ^.  "i:ili 


685 

DutbiC)  A.  H:  497 
Dwyer.A.CO.  5S9 
Dyee,  MaJ.  85 
Dyer,  C.  317.  G.8. 

428,    W   loT 
Dyke,  W.  H.  881 
Dymock,  E.  H.  4ST 
Eade,  C441 
Eades,  J.  441.     Ji 

T.  539 
Eagles,  C.  C.  317 
K^etliikr,  C.L.  74 
Edston,  E.  445.  W. 

104 
Ebert,  P.  A.  335 
Eden,  Mai  488.   R. 

804.     R.  J.  85 
Edin,  E.  77 
Ediuiii]«t«,  303 
Edward,  E  M.  540 
Ed  ward*,   J.    108, 

204.    T.  B.  85 
Ef^rrton,  Li<dyC.83. 

P.  S.  331 
RginiMi),  H.338 
£lcbo,  L^dy  G6C 
EJ^ifjj  Earl  315 
Eliot,  E.  H.  443 

,  Lord  84 

Ellenborougb,  Lord 

84 
Ellicombe,H.T.3l7 
Elliott,  H.  A.  540. 

T.  F.539.  C.804. 

G.  539 
Ellis.  E.  P.  804.  W. 

103 
Elpbinstone,  J.  667* 

,  Lord  315 

EIrington  334 
Elwes,   G.   C.  804. 

J.M.804.  J.P.653 
Empson,  R  387 
Emra,  J.  8 
Errull,  Earl  84,  539 
Errmgton,  E.  668 
Evans,  H.  106.    R. 

653.    S.  441 
Evanson,  T.  441 
Evfleigb,  J.  487 
Everard  388 
Every,  E.3I7 
Ewart,  J.  M.  667 
Ewing,  Cap.  670 
Eyre,  J.  334,  540 
Faiihrull,  A.  540 
Falconer,  A.  106 
Fane,  A.  540.     Lt.- 

Gen.  Sir  H.  316. 

MaJ.  H.  653.     J. 

315 
Panihawe,  A.  P.540. 

C.  R.  653 
Faraday,  M.  76 


6S6 

Fsftbcotbtr,  AM. 

SIS 
FarUh,  J.  110 
FamhMi.  B.  819 
FaiqalMr.  A.  S.  654 
Fama,  R.  105 
Famat,  O.  448 
FmnlkDer,MJ1.100. 

ILR.  85 
Fcatbentooe^  338 
FtiUn*.  J.  540 
FcUewM,SirT.  65 
Fcowiek,  J.  480 
F«nwlcke,J.  317 
FtrffMoii,Mra.4S8. 

iia).  R.  487.     R. 

SI5.     R.C.  653 
FergvMon,  C.  539 
Fvrraby,  J.  104 
Field,  T.  539 
Ficldtr,  W.  H.  317 
FicldiBf,  E.  334 
Figfint,  E.  317 
Finch,  Ladj  L.  488 
Rncatl.  CteM  333 
FiaUy.  W.  446 
Fi»h,J.»58 
Fwber,  C  F.  316. 

Cap.  J.  880.    J. 

830.    J.  H.  654. 

S.  106 
FitSfcrald  558.   Sir 

A.  880.    C.  L.W. 

1 10.  If.  84.  Cap. 

W.S38 

Baron  803 

FiUroj,L»d>H.8l8 
Fleaainf ,  J.  327 
Fkieher  568.      E. 

804.  E.  M.  330. 
J.  668.  W.  316. 
M^.  T.  487 

Flood.  Cap.  W.  654 
Flo*or,  C.  317.  W. 

5S9 
Folktt  84.    W.  W. 

805.  Sir  W.  W. 
540 

Foot,  L.  334 
Foote,  S.  106 
Footner,  H.  804 
Forbes,  Col.  J.  447. 

J.  446.  J.  S.  419 
— —  Lord  315 
Fortter,  T.  539 
rortcacae,  J.    316. 

Lady  L.  804 
Foater.J.  105.     L. 

♦88,540.  R.331. 
_  S.  A.  558 
Foolit,  Col.  487 
Fowler,  H.R.  316 
Fo«.E.L.669.Co!. 

h  H.669 


Index  to  Ntme$. 


Frank,  E.  103 
FraKr.  C.33I.    M. 

Frater,  Ma}.  558 
Frederick,  C0I.E.B. 

654 
Freer,  T.  L  554 
Fremaotle.SirT.F. 

84 
French.  Ma).  C.  84. 

R.  D.  888 
Friih.  C.  H.  881 
Frowd,  1.  817 
Frye,  P.  487 
Fryer,  J.  315 
Furnast,  J.  R.  316 
Fytche  804 
Gabriel.  H.  333 
Gatcombe,  A.  330 
Gaiukill,J.  316.  S. 

817 
Gale  109 
Galloway.  T.  76 
Gait.  H.  110 
Galway,  V'teat  450 
Gannon. M.  669 
Gapper,  Dr.  A.  653 
Garden,  O.  816.  M. 

A.  85.    T.  819 
Gamier,  T.  653.  W. 

554 
Garrett,  J.  669 
Gaseoycne  555 
Gatklu,  J.  85 
Gavin,  W.  I II 
Gay.  M.  444 
Gayfere.  C.  M.  S33 
Geekie,  W.  330 
Gent,  G.  W.315 
George,  J.  830.  Sir 

R.556 
Germai,  C.331 
Gibb,J.88l 
Gibbunt,  E.  667 
Gibson,  W.  555 
Gifford,T.W.P.558 
Giles.  568 
Gillieta,  Capt.  488 
Gillmore,  K.  556 
Gil  by,  F.  333 
Gilman,  J.  817 
Giitingt,  M.  319 
Gladstone,  E.  487. 

W.  E.  84 
Glas,  A.  M.  881 
Glazbrook,  H.  666 
Gleed,  J.  106 
Gleneig,  Baron  653 
Glossop,  F.  333 
Goddard,A.666 

S.  539 
Godfery.  W.  8 
Goldesborougk 

109 
Go\din|^«l.Sl\ 


Gokknid  N.    540. 

S.666 
Goode,  W.  487 
Goodenoagh,M.108 
Ooudrkb.  C  804 
Goodricke,  Sir  P.H. 

653.  F.  L.  H.  316 
Goodwin,    H.    108. 

S.C.666 
Goolden,  J.  881 
Gordon,   Gen.   84. 

Sir  C.  555.  F.  A. 

54a    Ma).  R.  881 

R.539 

Duke  84 

Gore,  C.  539.     H. 

M.   540.     M.  F. 

109.    W.  O.  540 
Gorton,  W.  666 
Goaford,  Earl  539 
Goslin  804 
Goaselin,  Lt.-Gcn. 

488 
Gotber804 
Goulbom  488.     H. 

84,583 
Goulden.  Lieut.  883 
Gower.  F.  653 
Gowling,  W.  P.  557 
Grsme,  E.  817 
Graham,  H.  E.  539. 

Lady  654 
Grainger,  J.  C.  804 
Granger,  C.  804 
Grant  450, 563.  Col. 

A.  no.    SirA.  C. 

84.    C.  831.  539, 

653.    G.  54a    J. 

110 
Grantham  108 
GrauTtlle  8 
Grave*.  LadyM.667 

Earl  653 

Gray.  J.   88a     L. 

315.     S.  106.  T. 

668 
Greatorex.M  P.445 
Green,  C  S.    804. 

J.  558.    T.  445 
Greene,  M.  110 
Greenwood,  T.  330 
GrenvilleS 
Grrsbam,SirT.568 
Greville,  Maj.  G.M. 

831 
Grey,  Sir  G.   540. 

SirC.  £.  3l6.Sir 


Grove,  T.  654 
Gnrdon  445 
Gumey,  H.SIS 
C^thrie,  J.3I6 
Gwillym,  R.  487 
Habington,  568 
Hackey,  E.  M.  5S9 
Haddingtan,Eaf{84 
iladdoek,  C  S89 
Hailea,  D.  S55 
HaMMie,  M.  106 
HaliweU,  H.  330 
HaU,    D.    444.     K. 

654.     J.  332.    R. 

668.    S.488.    W. 

J.  804 
HallenberK  S88 
Halsey,  H.    W.  R. 

540 
Halsied,  E.  M.  556 
Hanbledon,  J.  804 
Haabley  333 
Haailton,   Sir    E. 

315.     H.    P.  85. 

Ma).  J.  J.  84.  W. 

J.  85 
Hamley,    B.   441. 

Cap.  W.  85 
Hammett,  D.CG69L 

L.3I7 
Haapaon,  W.  I06 
Hancock,  H.  SIT 
Hand,J.T.Sl7 
Handlay,  C  A.8I9 
Hankioioa,  T.   E. 

195 
Hanloke  SOS 
Hantard,  M.  A.  L. 

317 
Hanson,  E.  44S 
Harcourt  31 7.  Cap^ 

V.204 
Harding.  T.  6C7 
Hardinge.  Sir  H.  84 
Hardwirke,   M^.- 

Gen.  T.  44S 

Earl  85 

Hardy,  E.   L.  669 

Sir  T.  M.  539 
Hare,   A.  670.     J. 

106 
Harford,  H.  818 
Harnan,  R.  669 
Harper,  M.  A.  669 
Harrit  444.     Lieut. 

S88.    E.  668.    G. 

668 
"      '^on  84.  A.  106. 
*^.     D.  E. 
«TO 


Index  to  Noma. 


697 


r 


HarwrKtd,  L.  S.  669 
Col,   J.    539.     J. 

w.  H.217 

. .  Mdr'ncis  654 

H*tliclJ.  J.  hi3 
H^ihert^ll,  J.W.654 
H^tberioii,  B'li  (>53 
Pathway,  R. C,  3(6 
HauUaiii.E.  F.SU4, 

317 
Hawei,  L.  333.    S. 

56'i 
ll.i»ker,  R.  S,  204 
H4<vkMk«.  B.  7H.  C. 
B.    441.      E.   M. 
2tl7.     J-  109 
Hiworth,  R.  85 
H)»y,  A.  L.ti53.  Col. 
A.    L.    *(;.     Col. 
J.  6.  540.  L.  539. 
L, J.S2^ 
Haynr,  R.  4S7 
Hsyiie*,  W.  C.6G8 
M Ay tun,  A.  ^04 
H\vwi'oJ,M.  S.  654 
HuifUiid,  J.  M.107 
He^cuvk.  tl    444 
Hrily,  Lieut.  333 
HcMltcute  443 
Hrigl>»m,  11.  3^9 
Heley,  S.IQB 
Hf>n«iis,  Mrs.  523 
Hcm<ii*urih.  C.  lOa 
Hrtidertuh,  M.ij.  J. 

84.     S.  428 
lieneACr,  C.S04.  J. 

F.  S04 
Henley,  J.  105 
Henniker.  E.  317 
Henry,  Col.  A.  219 
HcTHbaw.  M.9:S 
Heition,  F.  C.S4 
Herbert,  M.  M.446 
Hereford,  Vis.  303 
Herrick,  W.  3J5 
Harries,  J.  C.  84 
Hencbel,  Sir  J.  85 
He«»e-Philip»lfaal, 
Landgrave  of  446 
HM*e-Ro«bi"burp, 
Landgrave  of  446 
HeKler,  CuLR.  107 
Hewed,  J.S.  3°7 
Hewcuii,  H,  no 

k Hibbert,  II.  331 

^KHicks  P.VV.H.108 
^■HiKlciiit,J.  85 
^^  HlUlynril,  J,  428 
[  H«ll,  A.  M.C54.    E. 

I  540.  M»i.F.  540. 

I  F.   r;58.    J.   lOG. 

I  W.  109 

^■"Ibckley,  R.  540 


N 


Hindmarth.  R.  919 
Hippetley,  E.  109 
Huare.A.54l 
Hubhoufe,SirJ.539. 

J.  T.  .555 
HudKBUi),   J.    316, 

4S0. G53 
Hudgrf,  L.  108 
HtHJK«"n,  T.  4-20 
HoMen.  W.  R.  498 
Mulder,  E.  J.  4. '8 
HollAitd.H.7(>.  Dr. 

H.  ti53 

Lord  539 

Hulmer,  W.  |f)6 
Hulmri,  E.  107.  R. 

J.  447.     W.539 
Huircyd,  E.  557 
H>'U  316 

Hulyoiike,  K.  J.  445 
Hiiod,  J.  204 
Huuk,  Ma;.  A.  64 
Hunker  107 
H'loper,  J.  85.     Dr. 

K.667 
Hoot  on,  M.3i7 
Hu|ie,  Sir  A.  539. 

J.  T.  4'2a,  553 
Hopkins,  A.  668 
Hunisby.  H.  A.317 

204 
Home,  A.  SSI.    T. 

H.  555 

Earl  315 

Hortoii,  E.  67  I 
Hurwoud,  J.  331 
Hotkiii,  M.  317 
H<»utdncb|   H.  L. 

316 
Huuitotjit,W.W.654 
Hovendert.  Maj.SSS 
Huward,  Ld.  H.  T. 

H.  M. 669 
Howartb,  H.    S04, 

316 
Howe,  Earl  84 
Huwet,  E.  5S3 
Howick,  Lurd  539, 

653 
Huwte,  H.  E.  109 
Huddleituiie,    Lul. 

445.  M.33I 
Hudson,  F.  317.   R. 

555,  669.  T.  106 
Hui;gin«,  J.  204 
HuKbet,  J.  441.  W. 

315 
Hutiibly  332 
Hume,  J.  H.3I6 
Humpberv,  M.  555 
Hunt,    Ma].    67 1. 

Cap.  335,    Lieul. 

538.    H.  85,  107. 

M.  445,  b&7.     P. 

316 


Hunter,  EniignSSS. 

C.  670.  R.A.670 
Hurliiifr.  J.  304 
Hurt,  S.  668 
Hui»ey,  A.  110.    E. 

■204 
Huitter,  Col.  558 
Hutrhitis,    M.  SI7. 

T.  443 
Hutchinson,  B.I08. 

V.  105 
Hutt,  W.  653 
Hufion,  C.    H.  e.'i. 

F.   H.    428.      G. 

W.  557.     H.  85. 

Ladv  L.   P.   654. 

W.  4S0 
Hyde,  J.  107,  556 
I'an*.  F.  441 
l«>!;l)th.B.  H.  105 
liiRr.iin,  E.  444 
Irt-IJind.  W.  H.  556 
Irwin,  H.  316.     K. 

103 
Isaacs,  J.  C.  539 
l-taitct'in,  A.  443.  J. 

445 
Itbam,  C.  317 
Ives,  A.  S20 
Jackroan,  S.  R.  540 
Jackson,  D.  84.    E. 

921.     G.31I.     J. 

M.  428.    W.  218. 

W.  R  670 
J«i»b203.  C.  A.  85 
jAtquard  232 
Jamaica,  Bp.  316 
Jamicsun,  Dr.  523 
Jane,  W.  H.  323 
Jarratt,  J.  204 
Jeans.  T.  441 
J  ebb,  MaJ.  653 
Jpfferies.Cap.  Jill 
J«»kin«,  E,  P.  317. 

R,  107 
Jrrikinson,  F.  333 
Jenkyns,  R.  654 
JenninK«,  P.  76.  T. 

F.  427 
Jenour,  A.  85 
Jepbsim,  N.  T.  668. 
Jerdan,  J.  S,  334 
Jeremie,  A.  539.   J. 

A.  203 
Jerntugham,E.  654 
Jersey,  Earl  84 
Jervuise,  A.  444 
Jesson.  K.  669 
Juhn,  U.  110 
Juhnton,  Maj.'Gen. 

428,  540.  Ensign 

558.     C.  218.  G. 

D.  219.    J.   73. 
P.  85 


Johnstone,  Cap,  C. 

J.  H.  C70 
JulifFe,  G.  668 
Jollitfe,W.333.333 
Jones,    109.      Cap. 

105.     CM.  428. 

E.  317.  E.J.3I7. 

G.  74.     H.85.  J. 

218,  .S54.  R.3I6. 

66  6\    S.  221.     S. 

M.  332.    T.  653 
Joyner.  J.  217.  66T(| 
Joys,  J.  108 
Jiid,  J.  663 
Kane  105 
Kaye,  T.  W.  108 
Keaie,  R.  671 
Keblf,  J.  330 
Krily  217 

K.'kewich,S.T.3l5 
Kelly  203.    M-y,  P. 

.158.     T.  334 
Kelson,  S.  109 
Kemp,  G.  31. S 
Krnipt,  J.  84 
Kenaway.  C.  3  IT 
Kenedy,  G.  F.  319 
Kenny,  R.  329 
Kenrick  226 
Kensit  316 
Kent,  W.  105 
Kerr,  J.    110.    W. 

J.  220 
Kerry.  C'lett  6.S4 
Keillpwell,Cul.S20. 

J.  W.  653 
Keyt,  Col.  J.T.  558 
Kidd,  R.  B.  P.  653 
Kierman,  F.  76 
Kildare,  Dean  316 
Kilderbetr,  L.  M. 

332 
Kilmaine,  Lady  E. 

105 
Kilvin|;ton,  E.  330 
Kindersley  203 
Kinir,   C    427.     G. 

539.     H.  539 
Kinnard,  M.668 
Kinnoal.  C'les* 
Kirklaud,  Lt.-Coi 

110 

Kit  son.  W.  653 
Klost,  Dr.  562 
Knapman,  E.  106 
KnatcLbull,  Sir  £. 

84 
Knight.  E.  445.  H. 

G.  539.     W.  2 
Knollys.  Col.  204 
Knuit,  H.  102.    W. 

103 
Knus.  J.  444.  Mra» 


Kulroann,  E.  334 
Kyd,  Col.  io* 
Liibouchere,H.539, 

653 
Lnde,  J.  P.  !i39 
Ladbroke  &'70 
l.:ifoat,  J.  332 
Lake,  Sir  .1.6*54 
Lambert,  A.  3J4.  i, 

3i3 
Lancaster,  R.  H.es. 

R. T  447 
Land,  T.  3S9 
Landel.G.  R.S<22 
Lane,  S.  438 
Lang  ford,  Cap.  N. 

317 
Langley,   Mmj.    II. 

320.     H.   A.  no, 

J.  329 
LunkdoMTDc,  Marq. 

539 
Lapriraandave,  C.J. 

«04 
Lar^e  65 
Lu-kin,  R.tiCs 
Lirkins,  C.  6M 
LjisrelleST    A.    SS. 

Lady  F.  A.  4«8 
Laiham.J.  557.    T. 

U.  sie 
Ln«,C.E  427.  W. 

T.  654 
Lawford.  A.  331 
Lawrence,  Cnl.    A. 

6G9.    S.  A.  y04 
Lay  rig,  T.  F.  654 
Leaeb, J. 3 
Leacurk,  J.  Ai4 
Leacruft.  E.  444 
L«ake,  R,  337 
Lfbltitc,  Cnp.  540 
L«rhm>Te,  C.  104 
Lee,  S.S8.     E.  73 
Leeke,  U.  J.  519 
Le  Faiiu,  M.  P.  3l6 
Lelevf?,  J.<i  S.6."i:J 
Lepard,  Laiv  <S» 
LegKe,  H.SI6 
Le  Ghee,  J.  66*9 
LitKb, J. H.  315 
l.,eighron,SirB.JI5 
Lriiritn,  \Ur\  V03 
LetJibdl,  VV.  J.559 
Leonard,    A.      110. 

Lady  D.  654 
Lesley,  Lady  A.  M. 

317 
Lealic,  Lt^Col.654. 

H.3I7 
Leiki bridge,  C.    U. 

8U4 
Leucfatcuberg  95, 
biit 


85. 
D 


Leven,  Earl  315 
Leveton,  G,  653 
Lewin,  C.  W.  666. 

S.  H.    106,  304. 

Lady  654 
Lewis,  C.    T.    110. 

E.  317,  438.     H, 

J.  443.   J.  H.3I6. 

W.  331.     W,  W, 

497 
Light  foot,  J.  665 
Liinond,Ci>l.  J.  4V 
Liiidem.in,  H.  106 
Linds,  S.  666 
Lindiay,C4p.  R.  438 
Lin  ley,' \V.  576 
Liiiull  216 
Lilcbfield,     F. 

M.  106 
Littl«-dale,    W. 

428 
Litllrinn,  E.  J.  653 
Uewelyii,  J.H.3i6. 

T.  no 

Lloyd.A.  M.  4?e 
Llwyd,  A.  106 
Lock,  E.  540 
Luder,  G.  109 
Logan,  107 
LontAs,  Maj.-Gen. 

556 
Long,  A.  444-     H. 

C   654.     M.  H. 

304.     Lady  444 
Longlej ,  l>r.  4S8 
Lothian,   Marchio- 

■ie«»  of  316 
Loudun,  J.  C.  450 
Louii,  C.  B.  319 
Lous^ila,  F.  B.  85 
Love,  Cul.  J.  F.  439 
Lov«gruve,  E.  330 
LiiveUce  563 
Lovell,  M»i.  J.  105 
Lorrti.T.  317 
Low,  G.  76 
LuMe,  S.  103 
LowndM,  E.  W.  85 
Luwtlier,  Vii.  84 
Loyd,  L.3I5,  331 
Luc4i.  A.  666.    £. 

X  31" 
Luke,  G.  S.  666 
Ltikyn,  A.  M.  66g 
Lute -m lie, R.J. 4 37 
Luthin|rioii,  Sir.  S. 

H.  4*7 
Luttrrll,  M.  A.  6CB 
Lutzuw,  Ceo.  333 
L}ell,C.76 
Lycoii,  Lady  S.  C. 

318 
Lynch. T.  B.  834 
Lyu^Vtunv,  L4.  HA 


Ljrnedoeb,  Ld.  Q4 
Lya<»s,  E.  316 
Lytaght,  J.  107 
Lyte,  H.   l07.     H. 

M.  108 
M*c.<riKy,F.  M  304 
Macaulay,  J.  85 
Macau|ey,H.W.437 
M'Culluin,  J.  105 
M'Daiuel,  Lieut.  D. 

Ill 
M^ritonald.  .Maj.R. 

303.   Lady  L.  334 
MacUrlaiie,    F.  J. 

316 
Mac  Gill,  Dr.  $.540 
M'Grvib,    Lt.   556. 

J.  N.  446 
Macgregur  108 
M'Gregor.J.J.  110 
MNrkensie,  Capt. 

ai7.     A.  £.  317. 

C.3I6.  M.C.  540 
M'Kenley,  D.  334 
Markinnuii,  W.  A. 

653 
M.4ckiMfi«h,H.  3?l 
MacUfl>Uii,J.£.8j 
Madame,   Cut.   Sir 

A.  316 
MActeaii,  A.  110.  G. 

G  316.  SirJ.903 
Mac  LeiKi  1 10 
Ma.leod.    H.    381. 

J.  N.  670 
M'NeiUgr,  A.  555 
M'Neill,  D.  303 
Mucpherfoti,  M;^|. 

J.5:J9.  M.  L.  428 
M'Pbenun,Cap.  I>. 

203.     M.  L  43^. 

Ma|.  P.  539.  €68. 

M«].l\  316 
Ma'  quarie  446 
M'l'acgart  330 
Maddeit,  Sir  F.  84 
MaddiHk,H.W.  654 
Magee  316 
MaiioM,  Lurd  84 
Mainwraring,  M   A. 

333 
M'^ir.  U.-CuLJ.H. 

316 
Makepeace,  Cap.  C. 

437 
Malrtcbuw«ki,G.559 
Malcolm,  Sir  P.  316 
Mfllct,  Mr  A   304 
Mai  lory,  J.  5£i6 
Maliraver*,  J.  410 
Miutmait.  C.  33j 
Mmtlty,  J,  331 
M4nUy.    Loi.    SI7. 
W   904 


Maanm,  L.  3SI 
Manning,   Q,  SU 

W.  667 
Mantel,  H.  L.  411.' 

I'.  .1.   540 
Man*elt.C«p^. 
Mant.A.C.  317. 

S.  331 
M.uMun  105 
Marietta,  A.  48S 
MargraTe,    Cap.  " 

335 
Markenfi«UJ  4M). 

563 
MarriwiifC'.SIS.! 

333.  G.  316 
Mar«b.  W.  437 
Mapshall.G.  K.tl|J 

J.  334,  441 
Manclli,  C  3}f 
Martin,  G.  J.   lOCLJ 

J.  85 
Martyn.C.  317.11. 

666 
Marybonmfb,  LA. 

B4 
M  aaun ,  Cap.  M.  M0> 
T.  445.     W.«l 
Matter,  E.  103 
Macert,  B.  33S 
M  at  t  e  r«  un  .Cap.  310 
Mather,  W.  llO 
Matbe«»,Cap.M9 
Maibiaa  533 
Maibiiwi,  G.  F.  C 

317 
Maadf.J.  C«7 
Maulc.  F.  5J9 
Maulevcicr,  R.  il9 
Maanll.  F.3II 
May,  W.3I7 
Ma>uartl,C.M.|M 
Mayo.G.  IM.  ILK 
Mea<)e.  P    104 
Meaduwi,  P.  P.  tS9 
MelbiHine.  Ltf.  Sif 
MeWiUe,  A.  L.  4.0 

Earl  314 

Mcnnia,  Sir  4.  9M 
Merchant,  Oeato  k 

317 
Mercni,  E.  109 
Merten,  D.  6« 
Met'    r       *    H  «» 
Ml-  j9 

M.       , 

Melcaite,  1.  Ii.f$1. 

C.  J.  Sl».    r.  IM 

Mrtbuen»EJM,<^& 

P.  556 
Mcyrick,  A.  SJ4 
Mirbarl,  Grand* 
DokeM 


m 


Index  to  Namet, 


MilM,  L.  no.    M. 

540 
Millard,  C.  654 
Millinxen  5<3 
Miller  S03.    E.334. 

&670 
Miliett.  H.671 
Millifan,  C»p.  316' 
Mill*,  G.  653.    J. 

G.  819.    L.444 
Milmaii  5f3.      H. 

539 
Millies,  R.R.CT I 
Minto,  Earl,  303 
Mirehoute,  H.  540 
MiK-bfli,  MaJ.4S8. 

F.3I7 
Mitfurd.  a  315 
Mollo,  J.  A.  540 
Moljrneux,    H.  R. 

653.    T.  669 
Moiick,  C.  A.  654. 

L.490    . 
Moiiliboaae,  T.3S9. 

J.  318.    W.437 
Monro,  F.  B.  317 
Montagu,  J.  539 
Montague,  H.  654 
Munt«fiurc,  J.  653 
Montgomery  ,J.  533 
Montmorency,  Vis. 

F.  317 
Mo«»re  85.  Mm).  558. 

B.654.  E.D  303. 

J.  P.  668.    M.A. 

438.    N.  M.  446. 

8.444.    T.  104 
Moreton   563.     G. 

F.  443 
MuT|^n,  A.  555.  J. 

316 
Morpeth,  Vis.   539> 

653 
Morris,  J.  C.  558. 

F.0.317.  W.107 
Morrison,    A.  654. 

Col.  W.  330 
Morton,  Earl  303, 

315 
Moaeley,  H.  654.  S. 

107.    T  333 
^    •l«ley,A.N.E.3l5 
l|||fotCyD,J.  H   110 
■■fffMy,  W.  333 
Mri«,C*te«s 

-^ 


Murray,  C.  J.  668. 
Sir  G.  84.  L.  G. 
K.  319.  J.  319, 
333,  539,654.  J. 

A.  653 
Mussrave  103.    T. 

437 
Myers,  J.  337.    J. 

C.  438 
Mytton,  H.E.  109 
Naderman  559 
Nasb,  P.  106 
Naimyth,  J.  B.  667 
Neave  85-     C.  556 
Nfvile,  C.  315 
Newbeiy,  C.  E.  443. 

H.J.  85,  443 
Newdigate.  P.  334 
Newman,  E.  P.  667. 

H.  W.  3I5.T.C. 

106 
NewsMin,  T.  85 
Newton,  E.  304.  J. 

670.  W.  557,  668 
Niblock,C.  107 
Nichull,   C.    666. 

M;*].  E.  539.    J. 

437 
NicholU,    E.    555. 

G.  555.    T.  557 
Nicbolion,  H.  J.  B. 

316 
Niroll,  C   C.   108, 

317 
Niculls.  Lt.-Col.  W. 

B.  316 
Nixon,  R.  555 
Noble,  J.  554 
Norreys,  Lord  317 
Norris,  P.  85 
North,  R.  333 
NortbumberUnd, 

Duke  85 
Norton.  E.  330.  W. 

A.  539.  Sir  P.  450 
Noiwortby,  S.  339 
Nottage,  H.  654 
Nuual,  Baroit  105 
Nutt,  H.  A.  331 
Oakeley,   W.    110, 

438 
Oakes.T.  818.  558 
O'Brien,  Cap.  558 
O'Donuvan,  U.  558 
Ocle,  H.  B.  666 
O'Halloran,  F.  671. 

Cul.J.437,  316 
Oke,  C.  J.  E.  445. 

W.  445 
"  "tmixon.Lady  67 1 
-T,  R.  J.  819. 
«88.  Col.  W. 
11 


0*LoghUn>  M.  539» 

653 
0'MaUey,W.0.539 
Ommauey,  M.    C. 

438 
Onslow,  H.  M.  667 
Ord,   M.  539     W. 

H.  653 
Orkney,  Earl  315 
Ormsby.  O.  337 
Orms  on,  R.  4iO 
Osborne,  S.  G.  540 
Oner,  G.  304 
Ottley,  H.  T.  555. 

W.  T.  430,  563 
Ouseley,  SirG.315, 

533 
Oruns,  Ma).  85 
Owen,  Sir  E.  84.  G. 

A.  317.     R.76 
Oimantown,  Ld.76 
Patte,    E.    H.    109. 

W.  107 
Palvttianct,Coant804 
Palling,  W.  654 
Palmer,  J.  G.  653, 

445 
Palmenton.Ld.  539 
Papendi  k  G.E.446 
Parbury,C.  105 
Park.  M.  556 
Parke,  J.  667.    B. 

339 
Parker,  E.   J.  804 

E.   M.  304.      G. 

333.    H.  33a    J. 

804    M.  557.  M. 

E.  N.   653.      R. 

803.    Sir  W.  539. 

W.488 
Parkyns,  C  M.  85 
Parlby,  J.  H.  438 
Parmiater  556 
Pamell,  Sir  H.  539, 

653 
Parrott,  R.818 
Parry,     Miss    654. 

M.  438.    T.    G. 

419 
Partridge.  F.  106 
Patch,  P.  W.  556 
Paiethall,J.  S.   L. 

108 
Patten,  R.  446 
PattfSOD,  Col.  446. 

T.  438 
Patullo.Cap  R.  438 
Peacock, G.  76 
Pearce,  J.  553, 669 
Pearse.H.  G.85.  J. 

316.     L.  A.    85. 

R.  445 
Pearson,  Maj.-Gcn. 


089 

487.  T.  888.  W. 

W.  540.    G.S17 
Peel,J.I08.  Lady  J. 

316.    Sir  R.  84, 

533.     W.  T.  84 
Peene  804 
Peile,  B.  85 
Pelham,  C.  A.  304 
Penlington,  Sir  S. 

A.  654 
Penn  8 

Pennant,  C.  334 
Pennefatber  84 
Pennett  444 
Pennyeuick,  MaJ.  J. 

653 
Pentland,  G.  1 10 
Pepvs,  Sir   C  539, 

653 
Percival.  A.  84,54a 

Dr.  669.    J.  108. 
Percy,  C.  B.  315 
Perkins,  A.  557.  B. 

M.J.  556.    J.D. 

668.    R.880 
Peroune,  J.  539 
Perrin,  539.  L.  658 
Perrott,  J.  670.    J. 

W.  441 
Perry,  C.  654 
Persia,  King  of  446 
Peterkin,  A.  444 
Peyronnet,  B'n  SIT 
Pfeffel,  Baron  888 
Phelips.C.  104 
Pb-lps  444 
Phillips,  a  76.    J. 

445.    T.  74.   W. 

109,  333 
Pbilluit,  J.  R.  317 
Pbilpotts,  J.  539 
Pbipps,  A.  J.  880. 

T.  A.  817 
Pickering,  CoL  W. 

331 
PIrkIrs,  R.  103 
Pickwick,  C.  388 
Pidcock,  C.  317 
Pidsley,  £.316,437 
Figutt.  J.  R.  317 
Pilkinictun,  C.  85 
Pipon  334 
Pitman,  Cul.  85 
Pitt,  Mrs.  438.     C. 

804.     G.  F.  556. 

W.  107 
Planta,a  105.    J. 

84 
Flasket,  Sir  R.  539 
Piatt    303.    H.    E. 

331,    S.  654 
Plowden,  E.  S.  817 
Plumptre,C.T.540 

4  T 


#90 

Pluairidcc^.H.S40 
nunket,     R.   iSO. 

Lord.  S39  | 
PlaiikHt,  C.A.M. 

Puis,  P'cett  de  «33 
Pollock,  P.  84.  S03. 

316.    J.  P.  E.  B. 

3S8.    Lady  316 
Poittbcle  114 
Pbiisonb7,G.33l 
Pi>pe,  A.3i;,666 
Pupban.M.  107 
Ptoppir,  J.  334 
Portboute,  M.  670 
Ponuiral,  Queeo  85 
Potti,  E.  667 
Poatett,C'teM,3l6, 

428 
Powell.  H.W.  315. 

B.  76.   R.  J.  lOtf. 

S.    L.  557,  670. 

T.   444.     W.    P. 

S04 
Puwjri,  C  J.  498 
Pojritter.  J.  M.  339 
Frani.  W.  M.  84, 

444 
Prater,  H.  540 
Praitent,  J.  i39 
Preedy,  Lt.  P.  110 
Pretcoit.  R.  669 
Price,  C   329.    C. 

K.T.444.D.8I8. 

E.  108.     F.  1 10 
Pringle.Cap.G.III. 

Sir  W.  H.  S03 
Prit  chard,   C.   S04. 

K.  .S57 
Proben,  C.  539 
Probyn.E.  108 
Proctor.     M.    540. 

\V.  85 
Pnxter,  E.  103 
Prodhoe,  Ld.  490 
Puckle,  A.  917 
I' ttUford,  M.  443 
Purdon,  Lieut.  558 
Purdy, C.  M.  I OS 
Purton,  W.  669 
Putey,  Lady  E.  904 
Pyrroft,  A.317 
Fyke,  E.T.  107 
Quaritt  569 
Quarrv,  F.  D.  105. 

T.  C.  103 
RaddiflTr,  Sir  J.  904 
Rae,  Sir  W.  84 
Ruixe,  J. 490 
Ralibor,  Duke  446 
Ram.  Lady  J.  85 
Ramiay,  SirA.903. 

Mi^.-Geii.  108 


ladejf  to  NMme$. 


aiiM,  J.  85 
Raiit,  S.  S.  654 
Ra«bleiKh,G.C.6S4 
Ra»li»gs,  E.  497, 

339 
R«y,E.  M.  85 
R«»d.  Lt.-Col.  1  la 

E.498.  T.G.339 
Reay. Lord.  315 
Rreee,  J.  904 
Reeve,  J.   C.  557. 

R.  106 
Reid,  N.  85 
Remington,  T.  85 
Rennie,  Sir  J.  76 
Renwick,  J.  669 
Reviiuld*,  L.  H.  105 
RibbUidale,     Lady 

540 
Rice,  F  101.    T.  S. 

653,  539 
Rirbards,C103.  J. 

540 
Ricbardton,  C.  443. 

M.  443,  555 
Riebmund,  K.  540 
Rickabv,  M.  9^0 
RickarJs.  A.  C.  654 
Rid.linK,  C.  H.  539 
Ridley.  H.  J.  104. 

L.654 
Rid^d^le,     S.    669. 

W.  J.  85 
Ribauseii,  Baronets 

446 
Ripley,  G.  338 
RiKun,  B  665 
Rivax,  V.  F.  109 
Ruberli    331.      G. 

85.    J.  85,  106 
Rolierti<»o  446.    J. 

85 
Rotibin*.  E.  498 
Robiiii,  S.654 
Rot>in«un,    G.     R. 

539.     L.  H.  9(13. 

N.  104.    R.918. 

S.  105.  654 
Ruih.  N.  316 
Rodt-n.  Eurl,  84 
Roil  well,  J.  M.  904 
Kugfr*.  A.  539 
Rolle   539.     R.  M. 

653 
Roltard,  M.  E.  498 
Rolleita,H.  85 
RolU,  M.  557 
Roper,  r.  B.  T.316 
Rutronimoii  569 
Ruse,  C.  497 
Rom,  C.  84.    Capt. 

J.  C.  85.    J.  84 
Rw.ilyii,  Earl  84 


Roihenbort.  HcMe, 

V.  A.  Lang  rave 

of  446 
Roundell.R.H.315 
Rouse,  M.E.654 
Routb,A.  105 
Rowe,  J.  W.  991 
RoMles,  W.  108 
Rowley,  Adm.   Sir 

C.  84 
Roy*,  T.  397 
Royse,  W.  85 
Rudhall,  J.  669 
RuMell.  H.  V.  904. 

J.  669.  R.  N.  904 
Lord  J.  5S9> 

540,  653 
R>an  no 
R>  croft,  Lady  55& 
Ryder,     Laiiy     G. 

316.  J.  &9I7 
St.  Barbe.  E.  540 
St.    George,     Maj. 

Gen.  T.  B.  316 
St.  LcKcr,  C.  317. 

J.  916 
Salt,  A.  A.  107.    F. 

105 
Salioun,  Lord  315 
S.imuel,  A.  317 
Saii<ler»,  A.317.  R. 

S04 
Sanderson,  J.  443. 

R.  316 
Saiimarrz,R.76,333 
SAuniltTS,  E.  S18 
Savill,  C.  S.  77 
Savory,  A.  B.  106 
Sase     Alienburgb, 

Duke  999 
Savce,  H.  S.316 
Sayer.  G.73.  R.3I5 
Sayem,  A.  'J04 
Scarlett,  Sir  J.  84, 

903 
Schumherc,  J.  T.  85 
Scott,  919.  A.  330. 

C.  670.     Dr.  I). 

110.     E.  W.  108. 

J.    103.     T.  105. 

449.  M11J.T.  669. 

W.  316 
Srnveii,  S.  S.  85 
Scull  horpe,  D.  990 
Seafrrave  498 
Sealv,   E.  444.    S. 

335 
SeaniAH,  S.  555 
ScHtoii  558 
Seeley,  L.  B.  I09 
Selkirk,  Earl  315 
Seppingt,109.  L.540 
Strvoaibe,  G.  656 


Sctoo,  F.  B.  670 
Scymoar,   H.  315. 

M.  H.  497 

Lord  539, 633 

Shadweil.StrL.53f 
Sband,  A.  816.    C 

333 
Shattock.  W.  J.  8S 
Sb««,  H.  817 
Sliee,8ir  M.73 
SbefBeld,  E«ri  903 
Sheldon,  W.  E.  5S; 
Shepherd  903 
ShefJey  918 
Sheppard.  H.  107. 

R.  T.  B.  558 
Sheriff,  E.  444 
Sherman,  J.  498 
Sherriff,  Ma).  R.W. 

991 
Short,  L.  449 
Shorter  S39 
Showers  558 
ShrapneU.  H.J.I0S 
Sliuckburgb  441 
Shutte,  R.  904 
Sil>ley,C.3l7 
Sidney.     Via.    9^ 

Sir  P.  C  903 
Sikea,T.  654.39 
Simmons,  C.  T.6H 

J.  918.  T.CSJS 
Simpkinsou,  J.  & 

540 
Simpson,  H.H.flO- 

T.  667.     W.  IM 
Sims,  J.  919 
Sinclair,  Lord  SIS 
Sittler,  R.  450 
Skrats  443 
Skirrow  903 
Slade,  H.9I8 
Slater,  J.  H.  84,«7 
Slirssur.  H.  E.  107 
Sluman.  C.449,5S4 
Slow.  E.  108 
Sroal«4,  A.  445 
Small,  M.  331 
Smart,  M.  B.  904 
Smiib,  A.  54a    A. 

J.  330.   c.  ses. 

Ladv  C.  85.  C 
M.  '654.  C.  S. 
498.  E.  F.  us:. 
G.  S.  540.  H.C 
338.  J.  A.  SIC 
497.  J.  W.  654 
M.  F.  317.  M.U 
334.  J.  T.  77. 
N.  103.  Dr.  P. 
996.  R.  106.  R. 
V.  539.  S.  & 
317.    U.M.   f 


Index  to  Names. 


691 


634.    W.  D.SI9. 
W.G.P.654 

Smitbe,  H.  988 
Snow,  T.  85 
Snuwe,  Cup.  T.  558 
Somrrvillr  523.  Cap. 

804,317 
Sumercet,  Ladjr  E. 

671 
Lord   G.    84. 

R.84 
Sotheby  568 
Souihby  653.      C. 

106.    M.334.  T. 

H.  540 
Soutbey  583 
Sp«|ciioletti  443 
Spalding:  804 
Sparkei,  T.  668 
Sparks.J.  H.  819 
Spenci:  803.    S.  107 
Spencer,  W.  444 
Spriigue,Cul.H.488 
Spry,J.  H.  419 
Spurgin,  Dr.  317 
Squihli  443 
Squire  557.  E.316. 

J.  556 
.Stackpole,T.  881 
Slaiiiforib,  M.  667 
Sianfield.C.  316 
Stanley,  Mrs.   488. 

C.  818.  J.  F.  667. 

£.  J.  539 
-■■     Lord  85 
Siapleioii,  M.  445 
Stark,  Cap.  W.  333 
Siarkir,  \V.  105 
Stepheni,     I).    85, 

804.     R.  443 
8teuart539.  R.653 
Sleveut,A.  108.  M. 

A.  540.    1'.  B.  B. 

540 
Steventon,  E.  831. 

M.  338 
Steward,  J.  H.  316 
Stewart,  Col,  F.  P. 

1 10.     P.  388 
fork,  E.  389 
Sto<k«ill,  J.  S.  804 
Siodard  316 
Stone,  R.  666 
Sionfliounr,  H.539. 

654.     W.  G.  106 
Stiiplord.Sir  Ed.339 
Stordy,  J.  441 
Stone.  J.  C.  317 
Storinoht,  Vii.  84 
Straffurd,Baron653 
htrangcwNy«,S.  333 
Stranfwng,  R.  P. 

44& 


Strappt,  W.  444 
Strathalian,     Vise. 

315 
Streatfield,E.C.108 
Strickland,  E.  540 
Stringer,  E.  M.654 
Stroiifr,  S.  557 
Strons«,  C.  445 
St  rongi  t  harin,J.443 
Stubbt  104 
Siudd,  Col.  487 
Sturt,  E.  654 
Style,  E.  883 
Suckling,  Sir  J.  338 
Sugden,  Sir  E.  84 
Sullivan,  J.  84 
Surridge,  Dr.  540 
Sutherland,  Col.  H. 

330 
Sutton,  Sir  C.  M. 

487.    Lieut.  558. 

E.  L.  554.  Sir 
R.  316.  R.  E. 
333 

Swaiu*un,C.  L.487 
Swann,  G.  540 
Swete,  Dr.  4S8 
Swinburne,    Sir   J. 

£.480 
Symonda,  R.  488 
S>ke(,  W. 'i04 
Sydenham,  J.  316, 

109 
Tagoaby,  Vitcoun- 

tesk  667 
Tart,  D.  441 
Talbot,    G.    G.    C. 

804.     H.  F.  654. 

J.  C.3I6 
Tapp  448 
Tatlock,  H.  110 
Tattersall,  P.  555 
Taunton,  Sir  W.  E. 

488 
Tavlur,  A.  B.  539- 

F.  A.  820.  J. 
327.  J.  D.  558. 
R.  448.  T.  R.  558. 
VV.  556 

Tavnton,  F.  670 
Teale.T.  334.     \V. 

H.  85 
Telford,  G.  338 
Temple,  803,  523. 

E.  333 
Tenipleman,  A.  634 
Templer,  G.  317 
Teiinant,  W.  44.'> 
Thomas,   Cap).   H. 

L.   654.      S.    B. 

654.     T.  654 
Thompcon,  A.  558. 

C.    106.      C.    P. 


539,653.  H.  819. 

Rev.J.  R.  85.  L. 

654.    M.  108.  T. 

819,  539. 
Thome,  J.  4S7 
Tboroguod,  M.331 
Thorp,  VV.  441 
Thorpe  338.  B.  1 14. 

C.  558.    T.  114 
Thring  107,  886 
Thwaytes,  \V.  818 
Thynne,LadvJ.555 
Tibbiti,  S.  445 
Tibson,  A.  77 
TiRkell,J.A.  554 
Tighe,  H.  U.316 
Tiighman  555.     R. 

M.881 
Tilney,  H.  104 
Todd,   Lieut..Col. 

654.     H.  J.  583 
Tumkins,    H.   316. 

J.  VV.  221 
Tomline,  W.E.3I6 
Tooker,  L.  445 
Turrens,  A.  M.  317. 

R.  6.'>3 
Torringtun,  Vii.804 
Torse,  J.  666 
Tuwgood,  M.  670. 

VV.  670 
Tuwiiley,  G.  S.  448 
Town»end,VV.C.85 
Towiiiihend,    Capt. 

J.  85 
Tracv,  A.  H.  888 
Trail,  H.  331 
Tray  ton,  A.  445 
Tread  way,  J.  F.I  03 
Trexevant,    M.    E. 

317 
Treiichard,    H.    M. 

317 
Trevelyan,  G.  85 
Treveneii,  E.  540 
Treventian  556 
Trollupe,  J.  4'i8 
Tron&on,Cap.E.539 
Tro<*  bridge,  Sir  E. 

539, 653 
Truman.  J.  .'>39 
Turker,  J.  444.   M. 

AW.     M.  S.  103 
Tuiie,   Maj.   G.  G. 

317 
Tuliaroor.",  Ld.  203 
Tun  no,  E.  K.  313 
Turner,  C.  3 16,  539. 

E.  76,    317.     H. 

420.    L.  103.  iM, 

822.  S.  o2.J,5.'>4. 

VV.420.     Z.556 


Turnottr,  Capt.  A. 

R.  316 
Tweed,  H.  109.  M. 

107 
Tweedale,    Marq. 

315 
Tweedy,  J.  D.  880 
Twemlow,  I.  450 
Twight,  H.  M.  558. 
Tylden,  E.  804 
Tyler,    C.   H.  539, 

338 
Tynte,  C.  J.  K.  76 
Unett,  J.  317 
Upcber,  E.317 
Usiber,  Lady  446 
Valpy,  A.  557 
Vaiidreuil,     Count 

883 
Van  Sandau,  J.8I9 
Veasey,  A.  104 
Venning,  W.  818 
Verity,  M.  F.  667 
VeruUro,  Earl  803 
V..|cb,J.667 
Villiers  487.     Lady 

H.M.  817 
Vmce,  A.  85 
Vinreiit,Lieut.-Col. 

830 
Vines,  M.  817 
Vivian,  Q.  804.   Sir 

R.  H.  804,  653 
Vor^s,  T.  317 
Wade,    C.  G.  666. 

R.  VV.  C66 
VVaite,Dr.  316 
Walcot,  J.  103 
VValdy,  R.  488 
Walk  44J 
Walker,     F.     331. 

Lt.-Gen.    Sir  G. 

T.  316.     R.  388. 

S.   M.  317.     W. 

448 
Wall,  J.  103 
Wallace,  E.  M.  105 
Waller,  E.  A.  317 
VVallis,  S.  389 
Walpule.  R.881 
Walsb,  J.73.  Lady 

J. 316 
VValsham,  Lady  540 
W.ilter,  J.  668.    W. 

6.i4 
Walters,  J,  338.   S. 

222 
Walt  her,  H.  330  J 
Walton,  J.  444 
Wait,  Dr.  D.G.  654 
Waitbmmi,  R.  443 
Wakefield  803.     S. 

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P.  «BP,b.  5.  Jtr  t«pt.  17  rcwrf  OtJ.  >1. 


J.  B.  Nichols  And  Soiv  25,  ParliamMl